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ILLUSTRATIONS.

Portrait of Frank J. Scott,

Acer polymorphum atropurpureum,

Adiantum cuneatum deflexum,

Adiantum rhodophyllum,

Amasonia punicea,

Amaryllis, ....

Anthurium splendidum.

Azalea nudiflora.

Carpet Bedding
Cypripedium grande,
Cypripedium asnanthum superbum,

Davallia Fijiensis plumosa,
Davallia tenuifolia Veitchiana,
Dieffenbachia Jenmanii,
Dieffenbachia regina, .
Dieffenbachia rex,
Double White Mignonette, " Snowball,"

Elberta Peach and Stone, 2 cuts, .
Erricson's Caloric Engine,

Flow Pipes in Hot Water Boilers, 2 cuts,
Fringed Cyclamen,

Globe Peach, Section of,

Jewell Strawberry,

Kaempferia Gilbertii,

Medinilla Curtisii,
Myostis Eliza Ganrobert,

Panax Victorise,
Platycerium grande.
Plum Bladders,

Selaginella involvens variegata,

Wootton, Country Seat of Geo. W. Childs,

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GARDENERS' MONTHLY

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBOR/CULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXVII.

JANUARY, 1885.

Number 313.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

One of our nurserymen recently complained to
the writer, of those people who continually wrote

to his firtii for advice. " Please send me , and

at the same time tell me how to treat them," is a
sample of numerous requests. The profit on the
whole transaction might be but a dollar or two.
Only for the request, the order would be turned
over to the proper clerk, and the proprietor could
turn his attention to profitable work. But a clerk
cannot answer such a letter. The proprietor must
do it himself if it is done at all. He is a little
nettled at the demand on his time which really ]
renders the order valueless ; but he remembers the
business maxim that civility always pays in the
end, and with the mental wish that the old fellow
had sent his query to the Editor of the G.a.rdeners'
Monthly instead of imposing on him, he sits down
to his half-hour task, and as the letter goes into ;
the post box, blandly smiles as he thinks ofj
the many golden pieces his sacrifice of all profit
will next year bring.

Next spring the well remembered handwriting j
comes. Eagerly the envelope is torn apart, but '

in dismay he reads : " Not one of those came !

to anything. As I followed exactly your instruc-
tions it proves the were good for nothing, so

I shall expect you to make them good to me with-
out cost." He was at a loss to know whether he

lost more by civility than he would by letting the
customer go on the just-as-he-like plan. We can.
not tell him ; but this we do know, from experience
in these chapters, that it is almost useless to teach
a man gardening by rule or note, when he has
not common sense to go along with the instruction.
Not long since a gentleman wrote, " my gardener,
to whom I showed your 'Seasonable Hints,' says
what you say about planting trees has been the
cause of his great failure last year. He had not
the year before been very successful in the trees
I purchased. He pressed the earth in very care-
fully about the roots, but fully one-third died. I
bought a hundred extra-fine evergreens of a
nurseryman, and paid an extra price for some that
had been several times transplanted. They had
roots like moss. I never saw such a mass of fibres.
I gave him your magazine and showed him where
you said, hammer the earth in as tightly about the
roots as you would a post ; unless the earth is
packed in tightly so that every root can touch the
soil, the root might as well not be there. He replied
that it was, in his expression, ' tarnal nonsense,guess
he knowed how to plant a tree.' But remembering
his failure the year before, I insisted ; but sure
enough, over half died, and the balance lived but
a sickly life through the whole summer." It so
happened in the course of his travels the writer of
this happened near to the residence of the writer of
the letter, and had one of the trees taken carefully

78875

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T O

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

out. l^ure enough the earth had been rammed in
liSrd-^nouglf Dv.er the roots. But it was over the
roots and that was all. There was none in and
about the roots. The very matted condition of the
roots was against the earth getting in and about
them. The pounded earth had formed an arch
over the mass of roots and not a particle of earth
was through them. Not one in a hundred of the
fibres were in conJact with the earth, and of course
they all dried up. If the trees had a few prong-like
roots the mere pounding would have been enough
to get the earth tightly about them ; but when a
tree has a mass of fibres, the man with a little sense
lifts the tree gently up and down, so that the loose
light earth may fall into every crevice, even assist-
ing it with his fingers or a fine stick ; and then,
after he has the earth surely in and around every
root, he pounds it down as firmly as possible, in
order that the earth may be tightly about the
roots. The fact is, the advice we gave was not
followed, and it is generally so in the cases to
which we have referred. We do not know that
we can give a more seasonable hint than this in
planting trees : The first and essential point is, to
get plenty of roots, and then to see that the earth
is not only put into every crevice among the mass
but that it be pressed and hammered in as tightly
as possible.

Wherever any part of a tree does not grow
freely, pruning of such weak growth, at this sea-
son, will induce it to push more freely next year.
All scars made by pruning off large branches,
should be painted or tarred over, to keep out the
rain. Many fine trees become hollow, or fall
into premature decay, from the rain penetrating
through old saw cuts made in pruning. Also the
branches should be cut close to the trunk, so
that no dead stumps shall be produced on the
tree, and bark will readily grow over. Many
persons cut off branches of trees in midsummer,
in order that the returning sap may speedily
clothe the wound with new bark ; but the loss of
much foliage in summer injures the tree, and
besides, painting the scar removes all danger of
rotting at the wound.

Some judgment is required in pruning flowering
shrubs, roses, etc., although it is usual to act as if
it were one of the most common-place operations.
One of the most clumsy of the hands is commonly
set to work with a pair oi shears, and he goes through
the whole place, clipping off everything indiscrim-
inately. Distinction should be made between
those flowering shrubs that make a vigorous
growth, and those which grow weakly ; and be-

tween, those which flower on the old wood of last
year, and those which flower on the new growth
of next season, as the effect of pruning is to force
a strong and vigorous growth. Those specimens
that already grow too strong to flower well, should
be only lightly pruned ; and, in the same individual,
the weakest shoots should be cut in more severely
than the stronger ones. Some things like the
Mock Oranges, Lilacs and others, flower on the
wood of last year — to prune these much now,
therefore, destroys the flowering ; while such as
Altheas, which flower on the young wood, cannot
be too severely cut in, looking to that object alone.

COMMUNICATIONS.

SHADE TREES FOR FLORIDA.

BY A CONNECTICUT SUBSCRIBER.

In a recent number of the Monthly some one
asked about street shade trees for Florida. No
one who has seen the great variety that make
their home in her forests ought to be troubled
about a choice. I say at once, plant the trees in-
digenous to her soil. As to the China and Tulip
trees which you name, the first is insignificant in
size and has no special grace or dignity. Aside
from fragrant flowers and a good summer shade,
it does not fill the bill of a fine street or lawn tree
for Florida. The Tulip tree I do not believe will
flourish there. I never saw it growing in the State.

For her broad avenues or parks no trees can
rival the grand ship-timber Live Oak, or the
stately evergreen Magnolia. For narrow streets
and areas the smaller evergreen oaks of Florida
and her flowering maples have a fitness and
beauty unsurpassed. The fact is, that throughout
the Gulf States, and in South Carolina and Geor-
gia, no one need go outside their forests to know
what trees to plant.

The smaller evergreen oaks have a special duty
in a climate where there are many hot days when
frosts and the wintry blasts possess the North.
.My first entry into Florida was on a very sultry
day, about the last of February, 1864. The ever-
green oaks of Jacksonville were gladly welcomed
by the soldiers, who tramped along her streets
from transports. Their full robe of foliage and
the broiling sun cheated the imagination with a
semblance of summer. There are many such
sultry days all through Florida's delicious southern
winter. On the 23d and 24th of December, 1864,
the weather was warm enough to make a full
summer garb delightful.

As to the evergreen Timber Oak and Magnolia

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

grandiflora, no trees excel them in grace and dig-
nity. A Live Oak tree, draped with breeze stream-
ing moss, rivals the queenly New England Elm.

ORNAMENTING GROUNDS.
BY A. G. LEWIS.

The great pleasure I enjoyed with my flowers and
plants, in the summer just over, has induced me,
as usual, to care for them in the winter. Having
no greenhouse, I tied carefully my century plants,
twelve of them, each one separately, so as to gel
them in through the doors ; and tieing them ena-
bles me to store them away very compactly. My
Yuccas (aloefolia) take up very little room, al-
though one is eight feet high. I have had it many
years: they need scarcely any attention in winter.
Without the above two varieties of plants I would
be unable to change so many times the appear-
ance of my place as I do. I grow them in pots
and boxes. At times 1 take them near the front,
then near the hall door. My front yard is 25x75.
My lot runs 1 50 feet back. My back yard is all
in flowers. If a part of it goes out of bloom, or
falls short for a time, I form some, design there,
using my Agaves, Yuccas and other curious
plants. On days in which citizens jubilate my
. care plgjits are brought out in some conspicuous
way. I at least am satisfied. It pays me to grow
Century plants, Yuccas, Aloes, Jerusalem Cherries,
Cannas and Caladiums. The latter I place in a
box as if they were onions, and put them in a
warm place in the cellar — no water in winter. My
Gladiolus', Tigridias, and such bulbs, I hang up
until needed to plant out. I have too many varie- 1
ties of hardy plants, roots and bulbs to describe '
here ; but I must say all act their part well in
keeping up a grand sight, from the first appear-
ance of the little Snow-drop and Crocus until No-
vember, when the Pansy and Chrysanthemum
seem to dare frost and snow. I am very partial
to hardy flowers, on account of the perpetual satis-
faction they give. But house plants, or tender
plants, are indispensable to mix for good results ;
also annuals and biennials ; and, for those lovely
vines that grow and bloom from seed annually,
God be praised. Youngstown, O.

A LAWN GRASS FOR THE SOUTH.

BY H. W. RAVENEL.

In December number of Gardeners' Monthly,
a correspondent from Charleston inquires about
the planting out of Bermuda grass. The usual

mode is by chopping the root stems into small
pieces, so that they have one or two buds to each
piece. A feed chopper would answer the purpose
very well, if pieces are not cut too small.

As a lawn grass Bermuda has the objection of
being top-killed in winter. When well set, it
forms a beautiful green carpet all summer, but at
the time when it is most wanted to relieve the
dreariness of the winter aspect, it is only a surface
of dead, dry leaves. A good lawn grass has long
been a desideratum to the Southern country ;
something that will stand our hot and dry sum-
mers, and retain its green foliage in winter. It is
believed that the question has now been solved,
at least for the sea-coast region, in the use of one
of our native grasses, Stenotaphrum Americanum
(Rottbosllia dimidiata of the old botanists). This
grass grows all along our coast region, forms
running root stems like Bermuda and strikes root
at every joint, with a broad flat-lying leaf, of a
rich green color, and spreads rapidly on good
soil. It has a more prostrate habit than Bermuda,
and forms a really beautiful sward.

The large Marion square in Charleston, cover-
ing several acres, is set in the grass, and there are
numerous other smaller lawns of it about the city.
So far it seems to meet all the requirements of a
superior lawn grass in that region. The question
now is, how far in the interior will it flourish.
Will it bear successful removal from the damp
saline atmosphere of the sea-coast ?

We are giving it a trial here in Aiken, 120 miles
inland. The growth of our trial patches during
the past summer, (with a very dry autumn) is all
that could be desired. If it stands over our winter
weather — a few degrees colder than the same
latitude on the coast — we will be encouraged in
the belief that we have, at last, a superior lawn
grass for the South. Aiken, S. C.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Rosa microphylla. — In 1862 Dr. Maximowicz
discovered near Lake Hakone, in Central Japan,
the original type of the Microphylla rose in a
spontaneous condition — the species being only
known before from the cultivated forms intro-
duced from Chinese gardens. It had solitary
flowers with yellowish petals, and is marked in the
herbarium of the Botanical Society of St. Peters-
burg, Rosa chlorocarpa. The fruit is spinescent,
and gives the appearance of a small chestnut;
large, pulpy and eatable, the flavor by no means

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

disagreeable. In France, what we have for Red

Microphylla, is often called the old purple, as we
judge from a note in the Jou7-nal des Roses, from
which we condense these remarks.

They have now started the improvement of this
class, and have already Triomphe de la Guillotiere,
raised by Guillot in 1864; Premier Essai, by Ge-
schwind in 1866; Imbricata, by Ducher in 1869;
and Ma Surprise, by J. B. Guillot in 1872.

Retinospora Fulleri — is a sport from R.
aurea plumosa, but instead of the golden tint of
the parent, is of a delicate pale green. The
branches and foliage are also slenderer. The
original plant on the grounds of Mr. A. S. Fuller,
of Ridgewood, N. J., is about six feet high. Mr.
Fuller is fortunate in observing and perpetuating
these pretty sports. George Peabody is one of his
discoveries.

Double Evergreen Candy Tuft. — The single
is well known in American gardens as a very
pretty early-flowering plant. A double one has
been introduced by Messrs. Schmidt, of Erfurt.

The Upright Elder. ^ — Sambucus pyrimidata
(S. columnaris of some catalogues) is the " newest
novelty " in French gardens.

Staphylea Colchica..— This is a species of
Bladder-nut from the South of Russia. It is very
much like S. Bumalda from Japan, already in
cultivation in American gardens, but it flowers
later, and has larger bunches of flowers. There
are besides these two, two others, S. trifolia, the
American, and S. pinnata, an English species,
not often seen in gardens nor particularly orna-
mental. The American is not showy but sweet-
scented. Even the orchard Oriole, an insectivor-
ous bird, has been caught tapping its sweets.

SpiRjEA Aruncus. — A grand plant, not by any
means so abundant as it should be in our gardens,
owing to its very distinct and effective appearance.
Of course there are positions in the garden where it
would be out of place, but there are many others to
which it would give additional beauty. We have yet
much to learn or appreciate in the arrangement of
hardy plants. Here is a plant which may be fittingly
arranged in the shrubberies, by the margins of
lakes, surrounded (taste would suggest) by dark
foliaged subjects, such as the copper beeches or
nuts, when the white feathery plumes would be seen
to much greaterad vantage than otherwise disposed.
I may say, for the benefit of those unacquainted
with the plant, that it grows from 3 to 4 feet high,
with large divided foliage, and immense plumes of
white flowers, forming when established most con-

spicuous objects. I lately saw several masses 3 and
4 feet in diameter, and as much high, and nothing
could surpass their unique beauty. — T., in Gard-
eners' Chronicle.

Spruce and Pine Hedges. — A correspondent
of the Gardeners' Chronicle was surprised to see
a hedge of the Norway Spruce in Russia "clipped
as a Hawthorn hedge." We believe these hedges
are not known in England. In America, Norway
Spruce, Hemlock Spruce, and even Scotch and
other Pines are in common use, and are found
when trimmed to a conical form to make as dura-
ble and effective hedges for ornamental purposes
as any one could desire.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Handsome ConifeRjE of the Rocky Moun-
tains.— A rare lover of Coniferse says of species
he saw in the lower ranges of the Rocky Moun-
tains : " Of all the Western pines P. flexilis pleased
me most; next to this I would place P. Murrayana,
both for ornamental purposes. The first is superior
to P. cembra. although similar in general appear-
ance. If I were a nurseryman and twenty years
younger I would get up a good stock of these two
species of pine, because 1 believe they will become
very popular when known."

Bermuda Grass, — Mr. E. S. Carman says : " I
can tell ' R. L. L. ' of Charleston, S. C, that his
plan of cutting up Bermuda grass and sowing the
cuttings will be entirely successful if he don't allow
them to dry out too much. It may interest him
and others of your readers to know that seed of the
true Bermuda grass ( Cynodon dactylon) has been
offered (or sale of late years. "

Destroying Lichens on the Trunks of
Trees. — A subscriber of Newport, R. I. says:
" Will you oblige me by giving your opinion as
to the best application (wash) for removing or
preventing the growth of lichen on the bark of
certain trees. I have heard recommended a solu-
tion of potash— common whitewash and kerosene
oil. In this damp climate, the growth of many
trees is much retarded (and in some cases young
trees are killed) by this fungous (?) growth. The
Elms and Pear trees suffer most, while the Horse
Chestnut, the Sugar Maple and Birches seem to
enjoy an immunity. An answer in the columns of
your Monthly will greatly oblige."

[Trees which have smooth bark, or trees which
have rough bark only after a number of years, are
not very liable to be disfigured. The lichen grows

1885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

5

only on decaying bark. If the tree grows so
rapidly as to throw off the decaying bark lichens
will not trouble them much; hence manure or
rich soil is a great help to keep down this nuisance.

Where the lichen has gained a foothold, such
washes as suggested will be effective, and without
injury to the tree. Indeed the trees will be bene-
fitted by the apphcation. — Ed. G. M.]

The Victoria Lily at New Orleans.— Dr.
Richardson says : "The statement in the last Gar-
dener's Monthly that Victoria regia was suc-
cessfully grown last season in my garden pond,
without artificial heat, is strictly true; but the flow-

ers were twice as large as mentioned, the largest
having measured twelve inches in diameter. The
plant was transferred from the stove early in
June. The largest leaves were nearly six feet in
diameter. I may add, that no agitation of the
water was employed except that produced every
day or two by the current from the hydrant. I
am convinced, however, that the plant would have
done better if the water had been kept at one even
temperature by stirring it frequently from the bot-
tom where it was always several degrees cooler
than at the surface. I am indebted to Mr. Sturte-
vant, of Bordentown, New Jersey, for the seed."

Greenhouse and House Gardening^

COMMUNICATIONS.

VANDA CCERULEA.

BY J. MURCHIE.

This fine plant has been in flower with me since
the last week in September until now (Nov. 12th),
and as I see some of your correspondents are in-
terested in Orchids, I send you a few notes on its
culture. The plant is very beautiful of itself. It
is evergreen, with graceful pendant dark green
leaves, lighter beneath, and from eight to ten
inches long. The flowers are large, four inches
across ; pale blue in the sepals and petals ; the lip
small and much deeper in color. The flower stem
is either erect or slightly pendant, and bears gene-
rally from eight to twelve flowers. This plant,
like many others, is best cultivated in baskets,
especially by those just beginning the cultivation
of Orchids. It makes a splendid pot plant, but in
this case requires more care and is much more
liable to injury from over-watering. In filling the
baskets the material recommended for nearly all
other Orchids is used — Sphagnum moss, broken
charcoal or crocks, with a few pieces of turfy
peat, if obtainable, added. When grown in pots
care is necessary to have the drainage perfect.
The same material should be used in potting, but
should not be packed nearly so firm in the pots
as in the baskets, so that water will pass right
through, no matter how much is given. It should
be kept moist at all times of the year, but requires

much less water in the winter season ; only enough
to prevent anything like shriveling should be
given from November to March. When it begins
to grow water should be increased. In June, July
and August it should have a good syringe every
day, or even twice a day. Success in growing
Orchids depends more on moisture and tempera-
ture than on the material in which they are grow-
mg. Sudden changes of temperature have more
to do with failure in their cultivation than any-
thing else, and therefore should be carefully
avoided. V. coerulea will winter well in a night
temperature of 50° to 55°. This is the season of
rest, and when water is given it should only be
applied to the roots. When unduly excited by
moisture and heat, it will grow all winter. This
should be avoided, if possible, especially where
the plants are grown as mine are, with a mixed
collection of other plants. The flower stem makes
its appearance after growth is completed. When
the flowers begin to fade is the time to begin the
resting season, by withholding water. It produces
its flowers very freely, and amply repays good
care. It is a native of Northern India.

Sharon, Pa.

BEGONIA METALLICA.

BY MANSFIELD MILTON.

The large bronze colored leaves of this com-
paratively new Begonia are quite distinct from any
other variety. The habit of the plant is robust.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

symmetrical, and well-branched from the base.
The leaves rising on long petioles give it a free
and graceful appearance, showing off the bright
red veins on the under side of them. The flower
is similar in color to what is produced on the Rex
section, only forms larger trusses and on long 1
stalks from the axils of the leaves. It can be '
easily grown to most any size if the same treat- ■
ment be given it as required by the Weltoniensis |
section of Begonias. Propagation is effected by
cutting the stalks to single eyes and by leaves, the
same as adopted with the Rex section.

Youngstown, 0. 1

NOTES ON ORCHIDS AND THE VICTORIA
REGIA.

BY J. H. LESTER.

Your very interesting number for November
reminds me to say, with regard to Orchids, that
my experience coincides in many respects with
that of your correspondent " Epiphyte." Orchids
here, however, seem to come into bloom earlier
than they do in more northern places.

Phalaenopsis Esmeralda has been in bloom with
me since June, and promises to remain so all
winter. P. Schilleriana comes in February and
remains in bloom until May. P. amabilis and
roseum will bloom all the time, if I let them ; but
it weakens a plant too much, as it must be very
strong to make leaves and bloom at the same time.
I have had L?elia albida on crockery blocks for
two years, without any sphagnum or anything
else, with five and six breaks, and they have been
in the open air, partially shaded, from May to
October. I have been told often during summer
that I would lose them, but I have a way of my
own of doing some things. They make a better
show than anything I grow from December to
February, blooming with Chysis bractescens and
C. laevis and Coryanthes macrantha. Ninety
days of 90'^ is a little too much for Cattleyas, but
we get some flowers once in awhile. The same
will apply to Odontoglossums and Epidendrums.
With Oncidiums, Saccolabiums and Vandas we do
much better.

But the crowning glory of all the flowers on this
place the past season was the Victoria regia. The
seed was procured from Mr. Sturtevant, at Bor-
dentown, N. J. I started the seed on March i6th,
and the plant was fit to set out about June 1st;
but the season was cold here and I did not think
the water warm enough until the last week in
June. On October ist the largest leaf measured

5 feet 7;^ inches — inside the ring — in diameter,
but the plant did not have half a show. The pond
is only about 30 feet in diameter, and contained
also two plants of Nymphsea Devoniensis, one
each of N. dentata, scutifolia and coerulea, besides
an Egyptian Lotus — Nelumbium speciosum — as
well as Trapa nutans, Lininocharis Humboldtii,
Pontederia crassipes, and some other things.
The first flower opened October 4th, and it per-
fumed the atmosphere around the whole block ;
and if one may be allowed to judge from appear-
ances and the expressions of pleasure, between
two and three hundred people were very much
delighted thereby. The second flower came five
days afterwards. At the suggestion of a gentle-
man it was measured, and was found to be ex-
actly 12 inches in diameter. It is sometimes diffi-
cult to get a good measurement, as the petals
often reflex as fast as they open.

By the way, there is something about this flower
that I have never seen mentioned in print, al-
though I have read many descriptions of it. The
flower is a diflferent thing altogether the second
night from what it is the first. The first night
three rows of snowy petals open and one row re-
mains closed. These latter open the second night,
are streaked with red and expose the crown, which
is not visible the first night. I may add, that after
the plant was put into the pond it had no artificial
heat whatever.

One writing from here is supposed to have some-
thing to say about the Exposition. Well, to make
it short, it is going to be the biggest thing I ever
saw — and I saw the Centennial. The department
that will have most interest for us is, to all appear-
ances, in good hands; and I hope to see all my
friends here this winter.
Gardener to Prof. Richardson, New Orleans, La.

THE RICHARDIA iETHIOPICA FROM SEED.
BY ERNEST WALKER.

A note I observe on page 299 of October Gar-
deners' Monthly, says: "The common Calla
rarely produces seeds." This, I presume, means
naturally ; as with a little care it produces seeds
quite readily. I have on several occasions fruited
it, and this summer grew a number of plants of
the Calla from seed of a plant fruited last spring.
The trouble I observe to be the tendency of the
spadix to decay at the base, in a moist atmosphere
and during the cloudy weather of winter. During
fertilization the flower-stalk and flower stand up-
right, and the moisture suspended in the green-

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

house atmosphere settling down collects in the
throat of the spathe ; then the abundant quantity
of pollen secreted falls down and collects, and ab-
sorbing moisture soon begins to decompose, speed-
ily communicating decay to the base of the spadix
and to the ovaries.

In the open air and sunshine evaporation
would prevent this evil, but during cloudy winter
and in the moist atmosphere of the greenhouse,
we found we must depend on other means. All
know that moisture settles and that dry or heated
air rises. Acting on the suggestion of this princi-
ple, we tried bending the flower-stalk over (not
breaking it), thus inverting the flower, to accom-
plish the double object of allowing the superfluous
pollen to fall out after the flower is fertilized, and
to prevent moisture from settling inside the spathe.
The inverted flower also sheds off water when
watering the plants. In this way I have expe-
rienced very little difficulty in fruiting the Calla.

However, spring or after the middle of March is
the best season for fruiting the Calla, and it is de-
sirable to let the developing fruit hang over the
side of the bench, or ,where it will get what light
and sunlight there is.

A flower fertilized about the middle of March
requires about six weeks to ripen fruit, which re-
sembles that of the Richardia maculata, and be-
comes bright golden yellow as it matures. The
berries, crowded together on the short axis, con-
tain from two to six seeds each, which are smaller
than those of the Richardia maculata, and require
a longer time to germinate. New Albany, Ind.

touch of color, I have no doubt, would have been
greatly intensified in the open ground, as is shown
by other varieties of Begonias ; but there is nothing
about these plants to suggest B. semperflorens as
an element in their parentage. This variety is at
least desirable as a pot plant.

Can any one give different results, and its value
as a bedder in our climate ? State College, Pa.

PROPAGATION OF DOUBLE BOUVARDIAS.
BY MANSFIELD MILTON.

There is a general belief among a good many
florists that to propagate Alfred Xeuner and Gen.
Garfield Bouvardias, top cuttings have to be
used in order to preserve their double qualities.
That when propagated by root cuttings, they re-
vert to the original single varieties, being what is
termed "bud sports." This is incorrect. They
can be propagated by root cuttings the same as
any of the single kinds, and the flowers be just as
double as when propagated by cuttings made
from the shoots. Grown with plenty of light and
heat, the double kinds are grand acquisitions, but
in a cool, moist temperature, they are apt to get
decayed in the centre of the flower before the truss
is nearly open. Youngstown, O.

BEGONIA FLORIDA INCOMPARABILIS.
BY GEO. C. BUTZ.

This was sent out last spring by Haage cS:
Schmidt, of Erfurt, who describe it as a hybrid
between B. semperflorens and B. Schmidti, with
leaves much like the latter and the blooming qual-
ities of the former ; the color of the flowers being
a soft pink, its principal recommendation being,
however, its value as an out-door bedder.

Of a small paper of the precious seeds three
plants were obtained, which grew vigorously and
bloomed profusely in the greenhouse all summer ;
but the plants do not answer the above description
fully. The plant and flowers in all respects
looked not much unlike the common B. odorata,
except that the habit was much more dwarf and
compact, and the flowers, always in abundance
(as the name imphes), had a slight tinge of pink,
instead of pure white as in B. odorata. This

LINUM TRIGYNUM.
BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

Linum irigynum, one of our oldest stove or warm

I greenhouse plants, is one that is rarely seen in

I cultivation at the present time ; but as it is to be

found enumerated in a few of the catalogues of

oar florists, I am induced to call the attention of

I our amateur cultivators to it as, when well grown,

a verv attractive plant, and besides, the color of its

flowers (bright yellow) is wanting in so many of

the plants in cultivation at the present time.

Properly managed this Linum is an attractive
warm g-eenhouse plant, growing from 2 to 3 feet
in height by as much in breadth, having erect,
smooth stems and oblong, acute, smooth alternate
leaves ; producing its bright yellow flowers from
the axils of the leaves in the greatest profusion
during the winter months, the time of blooming
depending in a great manner upon the tempera-
ture in which the plants have been grown.

This Linum is a native of the East Indies, from
whence it was introduced in 1799, and although it
has been in cultivation for so many years it is a
plant rarely met with. It is a plant easily culti-
vated, growing freely in a compost of two-thirds

8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

well decayed sods, one-third well decomposed
manure, with the addition of a little sand. Mix
thoroughly and use the compost rough. The
plants should not be over-potted, and care should
be taken to drain the pots well, for as the roots
are small they cannot endure an»immoderate sup-
ply of water. During the summer season the
plants can be planted out in a well enriched deep
border, and liberally supplied with water during .
seasons of drought. Early in September the
plants should be taken up and potted, and on the
approach of cool weather brought inside, where
they should be given a light sunny situation, and
an average temperature of 55O. Water must be
carefully given at all times, a liberal supply both
overhead and at the roots during their season of
growth, and afterwards more moderately. Un-
fortunately it is very subject to the red spider, and
or this account it must be freely syringed at all
times, and every available means employed to
keep these destructive pests in check.

Propagation is effected by cuttings of the half
ripened wood, placed in sand in a gentle bottom
heat, and if the young plants are liberally treated
and shifted as often as necessary, nice specimens
will soon be obtained. Unfortunately it is of no
value for cut flower purposes, the individual flow-
ers lasting for a few days only ; but as a decora-
tive specimen plant for a warm greenhouse, it is
well deserving of attention. The beautiful bright
yellow flowers and the profusion with which they
are produced for a considerable length of time are
all desirable points in its favor. And as it is an
easily managed plant nice flowering specimens
can be obtained in a short time. I think it de-
serving of a place in all amateur collections of
rare and beautiful plants. And in order to avoid
answering numerous queries as to where plants
can be obtained, I may be permitted to state here
that I have no plants or cuttings to spare, nor do
I know where they can be obtained.

Queens, N. Y.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Specimen Fuchsias. — No subject is of greater
interest to the soft-wooded plant growers than the
history and cultivation of the Fuchsia. To the
present race of young gardeners the giant speci-
mens of a dozen or more years are all but un-
known, and the varieties — most of them at any
rate— that are now cultivated are not particularly
well adapted for growing into specimens. Raisers
of new varieties of Fuchsias have conferred great

benefits upon a certain class of people, and a very
large class it must be admitted ; but upon the
other hand, if we have gained in size of flower,
as we undoubtedly have, we have lost something
in habit for certain purposes. This is where va-
riety comes in useful. For instance, many of the
old free-growing kinds would cut a sorry figure by
comparison with some of the new ones, if size of
flower were the only consideration. But there are
large conservatories to be filled where the finest
variety in cultivation, of dwarf habit, would look a
mere pigmy. For this reason, if for no other, it is
desirable not to lose sight of the free-growing
kinds, at all events until we are furnished with
something of equally good habit producing better
flowers. Of late years the absence of large
Fuchsias from such structures as we have indica-
ted has been most striking to those who remem-
ber what the said structures used to be in former
days. Plants that may be grown from 6 to 9 feet
high in a season are useful, more especially when
they are old favorites and beautiful as well. Now
is the time to propagate plants for growing into
speciinens nevt season. Struck in a gentle
warmth, and potted off singly into small pots a
week or two hence, they will be ready for starting
into growth early in February, a long way in ad-
vance of spring struck cuttings. They should be
wintered on a shelf near the glass, and kept par-
tially dry at their roots, but not to an extent that
would cause the plants to shrivel or to lose their
leaves. In the spring, when they commence to
grow, give them a shift into a larger pot, and
plunge them in a gentle bottom heat, and they
will make rapid progress. It is a singular fact
that when the days begin to get long, and the sun
attains its full power, Fuchsias refuse to grow as
ihey do in the early part of the year. Hence the
importance of having rooted cuttings to begin
with in the spring, instead of waiting until the old
plants are started into growth and cuttings can be
obtained from them. A few of the good old sorts
are Fairest of the Fair, Sir Colin Campbell, Rod-
erick Dhu, Madame Cornellisen, Rose of Castile,
and Guiding Star. — Gardener's Magazine.

DiKFFENUAciiiA Jenmanii.— .'\ new species from
British Guiana, sent to Messrs Veitch by its discover-
er, Mr. G. S.Jenman. Superintendent of the Botanic
Garden at Georgetown, to whom we have much
pleasure in dedicating it. It is a plant of free
growth, sending up several stems from its stout
root stock, which also branch as they ascend. The
foliage is bold and spreading ; the leaves, which are

1885.]

ANU HORTICULTURIST.

of oblong-acuminate form, are from lo toiz inches green, is relieved by a milk-white band at every
long and from 3 to 4 inches wide, with a promi- , lateral nerve and by a few white spots interspersed

nent broad midrib, from which the lateral nerves
branch obliquely and symmetrically on each s;de.
The ground color of the leaves, a rich bright glossy

between the bands. The bands and spots are
semi-transparent, so that the foliage has the same
variegated appearance when viewed from beneath

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

as from above. The stately aspect of the plant
together with the striking variegation, renders it
one of the handsomest of stove variegated plants.

Dinner Table Decorations.— A correspon-
dent of the London yournal of Horticulture s^Lys:
•• Above all avoid overcrowding. In general few
plants are wanted at the dinner table ; at one for
four persons, I should put two Crotons, Chelsoni
or interruptus aureus, one on each side of the cen-
trepiece, or two Asparagus plumosus canus, and
two Rivina laevis, one at each end to correspond.
Their red fruits show up well, but do not let them
stop in more than one night, or their berries may
fall. The plants near the centrepiece should be 6
inches lower than the centrepiece, the end plants
to be half the height of the centrepiece. As many
small glasses as there are guests should be ar-
ranged, each with a buttonhole."

The Taste of an African Prince. — It is said
that Cetewayo, the great African chief who was
taken prisoner and carried to England, thought
no flower of the many thousands cultivated in
English gardens, exceeded in beauty the Salvia
patens. It is undoubtedly one of the most beauti-
ful flowers known. The roots are tuberous like
the Dahlia and it is easily preserved through the
winter, and yet its handsome blue flowers are sel-
dom seen in these days of cut flowers ; the fact that
it drops from its cup almost as soon as gathered
is perhaps against its popularity.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Steam Heating. — "Gardener," Chicago, Ills.,
asks : " Why is it, if steam is so superior to hot
water heating, that none of the old gardeners
knew of it. They seem to have run on hot water
and never thought of steam ?"

Our correspondent is mistaken. Steam heating
was used in Great Britain before hot water was
thought of; and this was introduced as an im-
provement on steam. We believe the first hot
water apparatus was put up by a Mr. Bacon, of
Aberamen in Glamorganshire, in 1822. A Mr.
Wm. Atkinson was the inventor. Steam had been
used before.

Tar on Hot Water Pipes. ^The following
letter and reply have been kindly handed to us by
Mr. Peter Henderson :

POTTSVIM K, Dcccmboi 5:li, 1SS4.

" Dear Sir ; I built four greenhouses last sum-
mer and put 2000 ft. of pipe in for heating, that
was dipped in gas or coal tar. It is injuring my

roses and I would like to have your idea as to how
to remedy it without taking out pipe. I am at
present changing the water in the pipes which has
been in since September. There is a great deal of
gas-poison passing out with the water. An early
answer will very much oblige,

Yours truly, J. M. M."

"J. M. M.," you have been unfortunate in
making the same blunder that is made by some
florists, again and again each year, in the face of
repeated warnings that have been given in the
Gardeners' Monthly and other magazines,
about the dangers of using coal or gas tar on the
iron pipes used for hot water or steam in green-
houses. The changing of the water as you pro-
pose will not abate the mischief; nothing whatever
will do any good except to take down the pipes
and burn every part of them where the gas tar is.
They must be heated nearly to a red heat so as to
expel the gas, as the tar penetrates right through
the grain of the cast iron. If you do not take out
the pipes and burn them you will find that your
roses will remain leafless as long as you continue
to fire — do it at once or you will throw your coal
and labor away the entire winter. I receive two or
three such letters as yours every year — some of
them have tried scraping the iron and have used
chemicals with the hope of neutralizing the gas,
but all without effect — nothing will expel it but
heat. Peter Henderson.

Diseases in Roses. — "J. G. H." New York,
writes: " I would like to have you inform me
' through the MoNTHLy what kind of a disease it is
that has got into the roots of my plants. The rest
of the roots are the same as the piece I send you.
Will you please inform me how I can prevent it? I
am losing all my plants with this disease. And
can you tell me what kind of disease this is that
has got into my roses? The leaves at first have
from one to four black spots on them, then they
turn yellow and drop off; the roots seem to be all
healthy enough. You can see by the leaves I send
you how they look. Will you please tell me how
I can prevent this disease from going any farther.
It started first in the La France and is going
through the whole house."

[The roses are infested by a root aphis, and also
by the larvae of some small insect which bore into
and make their home in the roots in much the
same manner as their larger fellow creatures do in
the stems of apples and quinces. After they have
become so abundant as they evidently are on
these, we know of no remedy but to take out the
whole lot, liave entirely new earth, and begin

i885.|

AND HORTICULTURIST.

II

anew, and it should be an especial care that the
new plants should be wholly free from the insect.
Their presence can be readily detected by a strong
pocket lens, which should be always present in a
gardener's pocket, as well as a pocket knife or a
pencil. The presence of the insect can then be
readily detected on the main roots by a granular
smutty surface which is really the excrement of
the minute insect, or the decaying tissue caused
by the insect work — or there may be small galls,
too minute to be seen by the naked eye on the
annual fibres. It is the great fault of cultivators.

that the roots of theirplants are seldom examined ;
indeed the majority of plant cultivators are wholly
ignorant of roots, their nature and requirements.
The discolored leaves come from a fungus
which works beneath the surface of the leaves,
and cannot be reached by any external application.
In our opinion it is not one of those which attack
healthy vegetation, but only those, the vitality of
which have been already somewhat impaired.
Quite likely the leaves are from the plants which
have been already weakened by the root fungus
above alluded to. — Ed. G. M.l

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

The writer of this was invited recently to look at
agarden where, in the proprietor's language, " bad
luck" prevailed. His ornamental trees, that had
been "pounded in" when planted, died for all,
and his fruit trees, both of "large" and " small "
fruits, were a general failure. The gardener was
a remarkably industrious man ; and he had the
happy faculty of knowing how to keep everything
clean and neat around him, and he was a great
favorite with his employer, as he deserved to be.
But the best of us have a weakness, and his was,
that as he had " served his time " in the famous
gardens of Sir Bountiful Buncombe, of Buncombe
Hall, he thought he " knew his business," and, to
use a favorite expression of his, it was "'tarnal non-
sense" to suggest that there was anything to learn
from a book or a magazine.

Walking with the proprietor through his remark-
ably neat and well-kept garden and orchard, the
first complaint was, that the standard pears all lost
their leaves early in the summer, and on the leaf-
less trees the fruit did not ripen, notwithstanding
the good culture given by the gardener. The trees
were dug under carefully and manure applied, but
the conclusion came to was that the wrong sorts had
been chosen. We ventured to point to a few large
and healthy trees in a neighbor's fence corner,
but had only for reply that the owner of that place
was wholly ignorant of good gardening. The
next trouble was with the dwarf pears ; they grew
amazingly, and flowered every spring profusely —

white as a snow bank with blossoms — but " a late
frost or something " always destroyed them. The
trees were carefully summer pruned, and growing
shoots were cut back like osier blocks to the
stumps from which they sprung. We started to
say something about the influence of pruning on
j the vital forces, and the connection of the vital
i forces in starting the young fruit ; but were cut
short by the information that in Sir Bountiful's
garden the great effort was to ge^ all the spurs
possible on a pear tree, and we could not have
spurs without frequent prunings. The apple or-
chard had been planted little more than fifteen
years, but were commencing to die from some
unaccountable reason. They had been remark-
ably well cultivated, and cared for; had grown
well, fine leaves, borne remarkably good crops of
fine fruit ; but the trouble now was that the fruit
easily rotted, the leaves in summer were golden
and had powder all over them, and. the short
branches died back to the main wood. It was
thought that the manure used was "too rank" and
induced late growth. Sure enough there was an
apple tree of much older growth in his stable
yard, right in the midst of the rank manure, to
which we called attention, but that was merely
"some hardy kind that would stand any bad treat-
ment." The grapes rotted, mildewed, and we
don't know what, all for want of "proper selection
of kinds adapted to the locality ;" but again a
grand vine with a stem as thick as one's arm, and
also growing out at the end of the manure pile
and covering hundreds of square feet of wall,

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

was referred to, but that was only " a common
Concord that would stand anything."

The worst complaints, however, were in regard
to blackberries and raspberries. New kinds were
continually being bought, to do well for a year
or two, but finally to degenerate. One of his rasp-
berry plantations of Cuthbert had been carefully
tied to a cross rail about two feet from the ground.
The space between the rows was carefully dug
and kept clear the whole summer. This year the
growth was not much more than a pipe-stem in
thickness, and did not actually reach in many in-
stances the cross-rail. The reason for the failure
was, that Sir Andrew Somebody had shown nearly
a hundred years ago, that varieties would surely
wear out. It so happened that at the end of the
raspberry rows was a place where grass from the
lawn, weeds, and so forth, were thrown into a
heap. Some of the raspberry suckers had
reached to the boundary of this heap, and had
canes four or five feet long, as thick as one's little
finger, at ground, and large, healthy grassy-green
leaves from the ground to the apex. Beyond the
remark that it was " queer," no further thought
seemed to be given to our reference to them.

Well, our readers know that to have fruit trees
healthy and vigorous, in our hot and dry climate,
the feeding roots must be encouraged to keep al-
ways at the surface, — but that we must take pains
to keep that surface dark and cool. When they
get this no ordinary manure will ever be too rank.
The vital power will seldom meet with any un-
bearable strain, and we shall find under such
practices that though the teaching at Sir Bountiful
Buncombe's was e.\cellent as far as it went, the
experiences of an American climate may be added
to the lessons of Buncombe Hall with great ad-
vantage.

COMMUNICATIONS.

NEW FRUITS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
liV JA.MES M. HAYES.

The season of 1884 cannot be classed as a suc-
cessful one for the small fruit grower and orchard-
ist. The spring was unusually backward, and
hard frosts continued until nearly June ; that of
May 30th being the most severe ever known at
that season of the year. The early strawberries
were in full bloom and those of the older varieties
that withstood the freezing best with us were the
Crescent. Of the new varieties the Manchester
came out best and bore a handsome crop of

smooth fine berries, and of the tested varieties
this promises to become a leading berry in the
market. The Old Ironclad and Piper seemed to
be much injured by the frost. We planted our
first Atlantic and James Vick in the spring of 1884,
both varieties run well and have the appearance
of being hardy and vigorous. Of the newer
raspberries the Cuthbert is far the most vigorous
and is everywhere giving satisfaction. The Han-
sell does not seem to be so vigorous, but it ripens
early and the fruit is so good that it must become
a favorite with fruit growers. Of the cap varieties
the Louhegan is much esteemed and promises to
be one of the best. The Early Harvest black-
berry was killed to the ground last winter. It
has made a fair growth the past season, and if it
winters without killing may prove of value. The
Snyder has thus far proved the best blackberry
for the North and is growing in favor from year
to year. We saw the first New Hampshire grown
Keiffer's Hybrid pears the past autumn exhibited
at one of our local fairs, but as they were not
matured we cannot give an estimate of their
worth. Tree agents have been selling large num-
bers of the Russian mulberry, representing it as of
great value as an orchard fruit and the tree as fine
for shade and timber. We have two small trees,
sent us from Minnesota. They do not show re-
markable vigor and at their present rate of growth
■will be long in making timber trees. At one dol-
lar and fifty cents each (the price asked by tree
agents), we should not invest largely. Fruit
growing is progressing slowly at the North ; an
indication of this advancement is the better culture
that growers are giving their orchards.

Dover, N. H.

THE SHAFFER RASPBERRY.
RV MANSFIELD MILTON.

A good many fruit growers object to the color
of tliis raspberry, asserting this fault will tell
against it on market. I think this peculiar color
will be a benefit to its sale when it becomes better
known. It is one of the best flavored black caps
we have got ; and as soon as it has been generally
tested along side the other varieties for quality,
hardiness and productiveness, it will be much
sought after. Its color will be to its advantage
by distinguishing it from the many other kinds
which are similar in color but different in flavor.
For a family berry I do not know of a better
among the caps. It not only produces a full crop
of fruit as a main crop, but continues to fruit more

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

>3

or less until frost. Being a strong grower it re-
quires to be planted not less than seven feet be-
tween the rows and four feet between the plants.

Youngstown, O.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Immediate Effect of Crossing on Fruits.
^The New York Independent says of the meet-
ing of the American Association for the Advance- 1
ment of Science, recently held in Philadelphia :

" In the regular sessions three of the most eag-
erly anticipated papers, on the identification of the
plants and animals of the Greek authors, the in-
fluence of isolation on vegetation, and the imme-
diate effects of cross fertilization on the strawberry,
were not read at all. The last was to be by Pro-
fessor Lazenby, who, it was understood, had pro-
duced the fruit of Sharpless strawberries on some
pistillate form, by the direct influence of the pollen
of the former variety. The inference would be,
that a pistillate variety of strawberry has really
no fruit of its own, the fruit being, in all essential
points, that of whatever it may have had pollen
from. It was very much regretted by many that
such a very important physiological paper should
not have been reached, in order to follow closely
the professor's experiments. If they should be
deemed conclusive it would be very strange that,
in the past, when it was the custom to grow only
pistillate varieties of strawberries, with any good
staminate kind as a fertilizer, there never seemed
any doubt anywhere, of the identity of the pistil-
late variety. Hovey's Seedling, for instance, was
always readily identified anywhere, no matter
what variety may have been used as the pollen
bearing parent. Still, as it is well known there is
an immediate effect on Indian corn by crossing,
no one can say how far this immediate influence
may extend, and hence the desire to hear Pro-
fessor Lazenby 's paper."

To which we may add that it would be well
worth while to go over the matter again with some
kinds so very distinct that the eye as well as the
taste could distinguish the difference. For in-
stance, instead of such closely related kinds as
Sharpless and IVIanchester, take Lennig's White
and Manchester, — or take a long berry like the
old Lady's Finger, with a regularly formed round
berry, — or even a kind that almost always has a
coxcomb form, to be used as a fertilizer, for one of
regularly uniform outline. For ourselves, we know
of scores of instances where certainly no immed-
iate influence has resulted, while, with the excep-
tion of corn, there are few unchallenged facts on
the other side.

Forced Fruits in England. — In the old
world some of the best skill was employed in
forcing fruits, but the introduction of steam is

changing all this. Fruits from the tropics can be
now transported toward the arctics nearly as good
and at far less cost than the skilled gardener can
raise them, and one of his most fascinating occu-
pations is going, if not gone. In England the cul-
ture of the pine-apple still engages considerable
attention, but last year the West Indies poured
into the laps of the Londoner first-class fruit for
twenty-five cents apiece. Some of the second-
class quality were sold freely at eight cents each.
In the United States the steamboats and railways
have long since almost destroyed the garden cul-
ture of the pine-apple.

Number of Fruits in the Old World. —
The Jou7-nal of Horticulture says that in a con-
temporary of recent date some enthusiast has put
himself to the trouble of ascertaining how many
varieties of fruits are known at the present time,
with the following result : — Cherries, 209 ; Apri-
cots, 60; Peaches, 239; Pears, 1087 ; Plums, 297.
Apples have not been taken into consideration.

In America we believe the number of apples
known exceeds two thousand.

Culture of the Banana. — The banana is an
annual, the fruit coming to maturity about a year
from the time that the shoot is planted, the stem
of the plant then attaining a height of eight or ten
feet and perhaps thirty-six inches in girth. There
are a good many Plantian walks in the island of Ja-
maica, varying in size from 25,000 to 200,000 trees ;
but they are for the most part cultivated by the
small settlers in the different parishes, and prove
a source of great profit to them. The method of
cultivation is simple. The land is cleared by the
aid of a primitive and ponderous hoe, a hole is
dug in which is placed a " sucker," and Nature is
left to do the rest. Unless the season be one of
exceeding drought the plant is certain to grow
and to bring forth its fruit in from nine to twelve
months. In well ordered plantations the trees are
usually planted from 12 to 15 feet apart in the
form of squares. The bananas are taken to
market, not unfrequently a distance of 20 miles,
by means of clumsy, springless drays and carts,
upon which thirty or forty bunches are indiscrim-
inately placed with some attempt at wrapping them
in the dried leaves of the plant, and are chafed
and scarred by the wheels of the vehicle, and the
weight of the driver, who generally makes a com-
fortable perch for himself on the top of the whole.
The defects do not present themselves until the
fruit has been in the ship's hold some days, when
they result in unsightly dark patches.

14

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

The total value of the green fruit imported into

New York in 1882 was given as follows in the

Custom House returns, in dollars:

Oranges and Lemons $ TTO.fpOl

Grapes 77,278

I*ine apples 20.522

Bananas 82,323

Miscellaneous 12,1 00

Cocoa-nuts 353,502

1.316,22r>
— Gardener s Chrojiicle.

American Peaches in France M. Catros-

Gerand, in the Revue Horticole, calls attention to
the American peaches, Amsden, Cumberland,
Downing, Alexander and Beatrice — the last, how-
ever, being English and not American. He
praises them as valuable additions to French
pomology, and regards them as a type of a new
race of peaches hitherto unknown in the old
world, and brought about by some new conditions
in connection with the new world;

The Editor states he cannot endorse his corres-
pondent's views.

Grapes on Trees. — It has long ago been noted
that a grape vine will grow faster when growing
over a tree than when trained in any other way.
Some observers have from this fact tried to grow
grapes successfully on trees, but have always
failed. But the observation is of value. We have
to try to find out why the grape grows well over
trees, and then imitate in our usual practice,
so far as we can, the conditions which contribute
so much to the growth of the vine in other instan-
ces. Mr. Meehan pointed out many years ago,
in a paper before a scientific association, what
those conditions were. Mr. Crawford, of Cuyahoga
Falls, O., has recently called attention to the value
of these facts, and it will be be very useful to re-
peat here what Mr. Crawford says :

"The grape rarely falls when allowed to climb
over trees. It matters not what kind of trees, or,
whether they be living or dead, if they only have
branches that the tendrils can take hold of. As-
tonishing crops are produced in this way, even on
vines that receive no care. The most successful
cultivators in the world plant trees and vines to-
gether so that the latter may have a suitable sup-
port. Many unskilled farmers have blundered
into the same method and have had abundant suc-
cess. A vine will make twice the growth in a
tree that it will in a trellis, and where an effort is
made to have it occupy both, it is always found
that its main energies arc expended in the tree.
A newly planted vine should have brush instead
of a stake, as it has no means of clinging to the
latter. If the tendrils can find nothing to take hold
of, they continue in motion for a time, reaching in
all directions, and this is exhausting to the vine.
For this reason skilled gardeners often cut off the

tendrils. When growing vines on stakes I have
oftrn driven lath nails in convenient places for the
aci ommof'ation of the tendrils.

"Although grapes do so well on trees without
miicli care, let no one suppose that he can accom-
plish anything by planting vines at the roots of es-
tablished trees. The soil being preoccupied, the
vine will not have a fair chance. Plant it at a dis-
tance from the tree to be covered, and after it has
made some growth it may be brought to the
branches, where it will take care of itself. On
nearly every farm there are worthless trees that
might be made to carry bushels of grapes."

Japan Persimmon. — Mr. Conner, says the
Florida Dispatch, has raised a persimmon weigh-
ing one pound and one ounce. We are waiting
for some one to send us figures that will beat this.
What have the Norfolk growers to say? Mr. Lip-
sey, of Archer, Florida, has a tree four feet high
that matured one hundred fruit. Here again is a
defiance to Virginia to rise up and beat it if she
can.

Sharpless Strawberry. — Mr. F. Burvenich
says in a French publication that this name with-
out doubt was given to this variety in allusion to
the fact that it is particularly sweet and highly
perfumed, and that it must not be confounded with
Sharpless Seedling, a very distinct variety. But
the colored plate looks marvelously like our
Sharpless " Seedlings. "

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Profits of Oranges. — A correspondent from
Florida writes, that "orange culture is one of the
most profitable enterprises any one coming to that
State can engage in, especially if one can manage
to sell out his orchard."

PiTSON Pear.— From Stone and Wellington,
Fonthill, Ontario. This is a handsome pear ;
brown, inclining to russet, regularly pyriform,
medium-sized, and indicated a fruit of high qual-
ity ; but the specimen coming so long a distance
by mail, had commenced slightly to decay, and
hence had not the high flavor we suppose it might
have under better conditions.

The Evergreen Blackberry of the Sand-
wich Islands. — A lady residing in Washington
Territory sends a leaf, confirming Mr. Carman's
statement that it is but the cut-leaved English
Blackberry : " I enclose a small leaf of the • Ever-
green Blackberry' mentioned in November num-
ber. It is quite common here, very hardy, free
grower, and prolific bearer ; indeed, is sometimes

1885.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

15

called 'ever-bearing,' for it begins to ripen with
the Lawton, and I have known well-ripened, but
of course not very sweet berries, picked on Christ-
mas day. When well ripened the quality and size
compare favorably with the Lawton. It is very
handsome also, but oh, so thorny, and does best
trained on a trellis."

[It is a surprise to learn that this kind comes
near the Lawton in size. Here in the East they
do not reach half that. This, and the double-
flowered as well as this, retain the leaves till quite
late in the season, — indeed, when a trailing branch
gets covered by snow, the leaves remain green
till spring. The botanical name is Rubus frutico-
sus, an English, and not a "Sandwich Island"

species, and is the most common form in English
hedge-rows. It has the remarkable peculiarity in
a blackberry of having very often perennial
stems, as in its neighbor, the rose. The writer has
seen stems many years old, and among his earliest
literary contributions was a paper to the Phytolo-
gist, describing an unusually old and large speci-
men. The species probably obtained the name of
fruticosus from this fruticose or shrubby charac-
ter. The leaves are very white beneath and very
green above, and suggested to some other botanist
the name of Rubus discolor.

It is really a good fruit in the form of the cut-
leaved variety, as well as a very ornamental plant
to grow. — Ed. G. M.]

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FORESTRY ON THE PLAINS.

BY T. BENNETT.

Will you allow me to make a few remarks on a
subject of no small importance to the nation ? The
lack of trees on our vast and cheerless prairies has
come to be felt as a great national want. Forest-
ry is now a leading topic, and rightly so, for as
the population increases wood and timber will be
more and more in demand. Are we not losing
time inquiring what trees to plant and then draw-
ing out a lengthy argument about them ?

The government has given encouragement, and
this ought to be a stimulus for great exertion.
We will not talk now of improving the landscape,
nor of drawing water from the clouds, nor of mak-
ing the air more pure by the free distribution of
healthy gases and exhalations. The absorption
of noxious carbonic gases which trees inhale, the
domestic uses of wood, and the enhancing of the
value of every farm — even in a national point of
view— to have five, ten or twenty acres of good
woodland on it, can also be passed by now ; but
it is apparent, millions of trees can be planted
and grown by the people themselves, cheaply
and quickly, compared with the present move-
ment, and which will make future generations
bless the present one if it only acts on the hint
given in these suggestions.

Seeds, of the kinds found most suitable, except
a mere few. can be collected in the Eastern and
IMiddle States— they are cheap and plenty and
made up in one two, four or five dollar packages
by seedsmen and nurserymen, with a printed
paper around each package giving full directions
for sowing and management in the seed bed.
The Western farmer who can not afford to buy a
large quantity of nursery stock, will very quickly
see the point, write for, and order those packages,
and will cheerfully sow and care for the seeds.

This appears to me to be the cheapest and best,
I might say almost the only way the desolate
looking prairie can be made to " bloom " and look
like an extended forest country.

Ckambersburg, Trenton, N. J.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Value of Timber. — It is now a fact beyond all
question that figures in relation to the value of any
given tree for forestry purposes, are of no value
whatever for a guide for forestry planting, so
much of the value of timber depending on the suit-
ability of the soil and climate to the perfect health
and vigor of the tree. Hence, what we learn of
forestry in Scotland or England is of no use what-
ever in the Atlantic portion of the United States,
because the conditions are rarely favorable to the
same tree alike in both localities. The Scotch

i6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

pine, the Larch, and the Norway spruce make ei-
ceDent rimber in Scotland. They are trees which
love a comparatively moist atmosphere and cool
climate ; they have vigorous health, and with vig-
orous health they have sound durable timber.
These trees grow in the dryer regions of the world
but are not long lived ; and with this extra strain
on the vital |)owers an inferior quality of timber
follows. This is the reason why the enthusiasm for
Larch on the western plains has died out. !t was
an enthuaasm based on Scotch experiences.
What we want for successful American fores-
try is an adaptation of trees to climate. This
can only be determined by actual experi-
ment. In many cases native trees will be
&r better than any imported species. On the
other hand there are no doubt a number of exotie
species that would on trial prove at least equal to
indigenous kinds. There mtist be in many gar-
dens bv this time large specimens of many kinds
of foreign trees, and whenever these have to be cut
down we should be glad of notes of their growth
or probable qualities.

The Docglas Sprvce. — This from the moist
climate of Northern California. Oregon, and Wash-
ton territory, is just suited to the very similiar cli-
mate of England and other countries bordering
the eastern side of the Gulf Stream. It is said to
be bv all odds much the best of all their foreign
trees. In the eastern portion ot the L'nited States
it wiU scarcely live, and is of no value for forestry
purposes. The variety that comes from the Rocky
Mountains is perfectly hardy, but has not the lofty,
rapid growing character of its Pacific coast
brother ; and though an admirable ornament for
an Eastern garden, is believed to be of no value
for forestry purposes where other much more
ra|Hd growing trees take its place. The Hemlock
is the great spruce lumber tree of the Eastern .At-
lantic, and posrlbly no tree can well take its place.
On the other hand the Hemlock has been found of
no value for forestry purposes anywhere in the old
vorid that we know of.

FoRESTRT IS CHrs"-\^. — .\ correspondent of the
London Gardener's Chronicle %z.s%: "I noticed that
nearly every garden contained a few specimens of
the Chusan Palm, Chamsrops Forttmei, which
the natives cultivate for the purpose of supplying
themselves with fibre obtained from the sheaths of
the leaves, to fabricate waterproof capes. Paul-
ownia imperialis, with its very large leaves, was a
conspicuous object in one locality, although it did
not attain to more than about 1 5 feet in height.

With the exception of some healthy young planta-
tions of Cunninghamia sinensis, the Conifer which
supplies China Fir for building purposes, I noticed
scarcely any tree planting operations. This is
different to the case in the West River districts,
where the people devote considerable care to the
rearing of Pinus sinensis. The neglect of tree
planting in one place, and the fostering of it in
the other, is probably accounted for by the facil-
ities of getting the wood to market, whicJi is
afforded by the splendid West River in the latter
case, while in the former there is no river nearer
than S or 9 miles to the nearest part of the moun-
tains."

The Carob Tree. — This singular tree has been
successfully introduced and fruited in Califom'a,
and as it promises to be one of the most useful
trees in the drjer and temperate regions of our
country-, the following full account from the Gar-
dener's CftronicU will have an interest for our
forestry readers. The timber is as valuable as the
beans :

"The sacchsirine pods of the Ceratonia siliqua
have become an article of considerable import-
ance ais a food for domestic cattle, and the export
is now large from many of the Mediterranean
countries. From Candia or Crete the shipments
have been said to reach I So, 000 tons annually,
from Cyprus 10.000 tons are exported, amd from
the district of Tarragona in Spain as much.

" In several of the countries where the tree is
largely grown, horses and stable cattle are almost
exclusively fed upon the pods. About six pounds
a day are given of the crushed pods, raw or boiled,
with or without chaff. The meat of sheep and
pigs is also greatly improved in flavor by this pod,
the fattening properties being twice that of oil-
cake ; hence Carob beans form a chief ingredient
in most of the artificially prepared cattle foods.
They contain about 66 per cent, of sugar and
gum. The tree is grown in Italy, Portugal, and
Spain, the south of France, and most of the
islands of the Mediterranean. It has been also
carried to South .America and India. The pro-
duce is annually increasing in Cyprus. The tree
grows readily in most soils, and not requiring
much moisture or care, its cultivation gives little
trouble ; however, although the tree grows and
thrives without much moisture, the yield of fruit
is affected during dry seasons, the quantity being
less, and the quality inferior.

'■ In Crete the trees in the eastern part of the
island produce a much finer pod than elsewhere,
which realize is. a cwt. more than those in the
centre of the island. The produce always finds
a ready market at Constantinople and the ports of
the Black Sea. These pods, in some of the coun-
tries where it is abundant, are a great resource to
the poorer c' ;^ "3 eat them in large quanti-
ties, partici :. Contairing a gocil pro-
portion of ;__ •- L.icy are very nourishing and

1885-]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

17

satisfying when fresh, besides being cheap, and
having the \-irtue of keeping weU. As met with
here, however, they are hard and leathery, and
not very attractive.

•'As an economic plant already, it is strange that
no attempts have been made by improved culture
to transform the pod into a savory edible fruit.

" In Portugal the pods are known under the
name .A.lgarobas, and in Austria as Johannes'
Bread. It has the reputation of being the food on
which St John fed in the wilderness ; but this is
questionable, as it was most probably the insect
locusts, which are parched and eaten to this day
in parts of Africa. In Vienna Carob beans are
sold at all the fruit stalls in the streets ; and they
are even sold in many sweet shops in London and
elsewhere, being purchased by children. In Sicily
a spirit and a syrup are made from the sweet pods;
it has a flavor not disagreeable, and resembling in
taste the fruit. .Aromatised liquors have also been
made from it. In Egypt a mucilaginous refresh-
ing beverage is made from the pods, and they
steep in it the fruits of the Balanites .-Egyptica."

KiTOOL Fibre. — ^The Palm, Caryota urens,
Linn., is a native of Ceylon, Malabar, Bengal,
Assam, and various parts of India. Amongst
natives of Ceylon it is known as Kitool ; in India
it is called Bastard Sago, Coonda pauna (Tamil) ;
Erimpana, or Schundra-pana (Mai.).

It is a beautiful and lofty palm, with a trunk
more than a foot in diameter, and 40 feet high-
The large bipinnatisect leaves measure 18 feet to
20 feet in length, and 10 to 12 feet across. The
fruit is of the size of a plum, with a thin yellow
rind, and is very burning and acrid in taste. From
the flower-stem an enormous amount of sweet
juice can be obtained ; as much as 100 pints in
twenty-four hours. From this juice Jaggery sugar
well known in our markets, is prepared, although
it is not the only source, other palm trees yielding
it in commercial quantities. The caste who prepare
this sugar in Ceylon are known as laggeros.
The juice is also pleasant to drink when fresh, and
an intoxicating spirit, known variously as toddy,
arrack, pauna, or pawnee, is obtained by fermen-
tation, and largely used.

The pith of the stem contains a large amount of
farinaceous matter, equal to Sago in quality. The
natives use this largely for food in the shape of
gruel, or a kind of bread. Dke its relative, the
Cocoanut, Kitool Palm is a source of food and
profit to its owner. Elephants make of the leaves
their favorite food, and the " heart," or expanded
leaves, can be made into a capital cabbage, or
pickled, or candied. The wooUy substance at the
base of the leaves is used in caulking ships.

The fibres or veins of the leaves fiimish the
Kitool fibre, and it is largely used by the natives

for the making of ropes, fishing-lines, bow-strings,
brushes, brooms, baskets, caps, &c. Its great
strength has earned for it the name of Elephant
fibre, and ropes made of Kitool are used to tether
and secure wild elephants.

The fibre has long been known in this country,
and under the name of Indian gut has long been
used for fishing-lines. WTien made into brushes
it is found to be most durable, and some firms will
not use brushes made of any other material. It
seems to be the best substitute for bristles, as the
fibre is strong, tough, and impervious to water.
It is, however, rather brinle, and a sudden knock
may break it. It can be woven together with cot-
ton for petticoat stuffs, and forms a cheap and
flexible fabric for dress-improvers, &c Steamed
and curled, it can be used for stuffing purposes in
upholstery, and the refuse may be used instead of
hair to mix with mortar for buUding purposes.
^\^len dipi)ed in oil it turns from a dull brown to
a beautiful black color, and the oiliness may be
removed. — Journal of the Society of Arts.

Pisos SIXEKSIS. — The Gardener's Chronicle

tells us that the trees of Pinus sinensis adjacent
to the Wong Lung Kun Monastery, 50 miles from
Canton, are very fine indeed ; but they are ex-
ceeded in magnificence by those of the So Lia
Kun Monastery, secluded at an altitude of about
800 feet, where ax of them, within a radius of
about 50 yards, in a dense mixed forest of luxur-
iant trees, averaged 1 1 feet 7 inches in girth at 6
feet from the ground, and about 150 feet in
height. The largest of them was 1 5 feet 4 inches
in circumference. A pine tree which had been
blown down and was being cut up I measured,
and found its height to have been 102 feet, circum-
ference at 10 feet from the ground 7 feet 10 inches,
anti it had seventy-five annnal rings.

Black Wai.ntt Cui-tcre. — Mr. Graves, of
Texas, ten years ago planted ten acres to walnut
trees, by hand, two hundred to the acre, in aH
two thousand trees. The trees are now nine
inches through, and grow at the rate of an inch a
year, and when twenty years old they will be
worth <2 5 a tree, making the forest worth at that
time 550.000. But this is not aU. Last year the
trees bore 400 bushels of walnuts, which brought
^2.50 per bushel, making Ji.ooo for the ten acres
of land — ^good interest for land worth f 15 per
acre. If at the age of twenty years, half of the
trees are cut and sold for $25 a tree, or *2;,cioo,
the nuts per year from the remaining 1,000 trees
will be worth $2,500 a year.

i8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

ON IRREGULARITY IN FLOWERS.

BY DAVID F. DAY.

In your article on Euadenia eminens, published
in Dec. No. of the Gardeners' IVIonthly, I find
some observations respecting the regularity and
irregularity of flowers, in relation to their attitudes
(or positions), which to me are very interesting.
Never before had I seen in print any allusion to
the subject; but, nevertheless, I can say that it
was not to me a new one. In fact I had made it
the subject of a paper which I had read last win-
ter before the Society of Natural Sciences of this
city and of which a portion will appear in the next
Bulletin of the Society, now in the printer's hands.
I then took occasion to say that I believed that it
was the first lime that any portion of the scientific
world had had its attention called to the matter
which I was about to present to their attention, and
that, I believed my conclusions as well as the ob-
servations from which they were drawn were abso-
lutely original. This I said because I had given a
very considerable time to the inquiry, whether in
the discovery which I had to announce respecting
the correlation of the forms and position of flowers,
I had trod, unconsciously, in the footsteps of
others.

The result of my research had been an utter
failure to find, in text book or treatise, any refer-
ence whatever to a fact which I regarded as of high
importance in the science of botany. Your article
confirms me in the opinion that I had in fact not
been anticipated. I would gladly send you a
copy of my paper, at once, but for the fact that in
a few we^ks, at farthest, my observations will find
their way to the public through what seems to me
their proper channel. I will then send you a copy.

I cannot, without greatly exceeding the limits of
a letter, present you with all my conclusions. The
leading ones may, however, be summarized in two
propositions :

I. A flower, completely regular, is, normally,
either erect or pendulous, in position.

2. A flower, which is irregular, is, normally
always lateral in position.

These propositions seem to be in harmony with
the suggestions of your article. In all the instances
in which they seem to be antagonized by the fact,
I found but little or no difficulty in reconciling the
seeming exception to the rule.

What I have meant by these two propositions
would be made clearer by the citation of exam-
ples, which might be indefinitely extended. It will
suffice, however, to call attention to the Ranuncu-
lacese alone. The flowers of Aquilegia, for instance
(always regular), are in some species erect, and
in others pendulous; whilst Delphinium and Aconi-
tum (allied genera), bear their irregular blossoms
invariably in a lateral position. Of course I do not
ignore the fact that many flowers, with corollas
nearly or quite regular, open vertically, as some
species of Lilium and Amaryllis; but in these in-
stances it will, I think, be invariably found that
the stamens are declined.

I have noted, also, this suggestive fact. Where
the flower is erect in its attitude, the stamens ex-
ceed the pistils, more or less in length, e. g., Aqui-
legia chrysantha. And when the flower is pendu-
lous, the pistils exceed the stamens in length, e. g.,
Aquilegia Canadensis. In either case the stamens
being above the pistils. So far, also, as my obser-
vation has extended, where in the Monopetalae,
the blossoms are declined or pendent, the pistils
exceed the stamens in length. Of course, these pe-
culiarities of organization mean always self-ferti-
lization and nothing else. Cross-fertilization, in
such instances, can happen only by accident.
Every wind, sufficient to shake the ripened pollen
from the anther-cells, causes it to fall upon the
stigmas beneath.

The very interesting cases, which you cite, re-
specting the behavior of some Gloxinias and
Gcsncrias, were entirely new to me ; but they tend
in a remarkable degree, to confirm the truth of
my two propositions. But can you tell me wheth-
er the change of form, in the flowers of Gloxinia
and Gcsneria, from regular to irregular, or rather
from irregular to regular, is accompanied by the

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

19

change in the relative length of stamens and
pistils, which I have here pointed out ? I think
that such will prove to be the fact. [The Editor
does not remember, nor has he the opportunity at
hand to examine.]

At the close of my paper, I requested the co-op-
eration of all the botanists of the society in an effort
to detect and report such examples of flowers_
whether of the garden or the wilds, as really or
apparently, militated against the propositions pre-
sented in my paper. The result has been, I think,
that all or nearly all of them are satisfied that the
propositions are true. Buffalo, N. V., Dec. 6.

ON RAPID CHANGES IN THE HISTORY OF
SPECIES.

BY THOMAS MEEHAN.

At a recent meeting of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, Mr. Meehan exhibited
flowers of a remarkable Halesia, and remarked on
the wide divergence reached without any inter-
vening modifications from the original, and ob-
served that it was another illustration of what he
thought must now be generally accepted, that the
maxim of Ray, natura nonfacit saltiim, itself need-
ed modification. He had called attention to this
particular departure among others in a paper be-
fore the " American Association for the ad-
vancementof Science " in 1874.* What he de-
sired to do now was to emphasize a few
of the points brought out prominently in that
paper, that " variations in species as in morphologi-
cal changes in individuals, are by no means by
gradual modifications,— that suddenly formed and
marked variations perpetuate themselves from
seed and behave in all respects as acknowledged
species, and that variations of similar character
would appear at times in widely separated locali-
ties."

In addition to the illustrations given in that
paper, a remarkable one was afforded by the Rich-
ardia /Ethiopica, the common Calla of gardens
the present season. Some four inches below the
perfect flower a mere spathe was developed, par-
tially green, but mostly white as usual ; but in this
case we do not call it a spathe, but a huge bract.
In other words the usually naked flower scape of
the Richardia, had borne a bract. Flowers with
a pair of more or less imperfect spathes were not
uncommon in some seasons. The peculiarity of
the present season was the interval of several in-

*See Proc. Am. Ass. Ad. Science, vol, 2-3, B. 9.

ches on the stem, which justified the term of bract
to the lower spathe. From the vicinity of Phila-
delphia, numbers had been brought to him, and
others had been sent from Ohio, Indiana and
Illinois, — some hundreds of miles apart. What
was the peculiarity in this season over others
which induced the production of this bract.'
was one question. Whatever it may have been
it operated in bringing about a change of char-
acter without the intervention of seed, directly
on the plant, and in many widely separated
places at the same time. What is to prevent a
law which operates exceptionally in one season
operating again and in a regular and continuous
way ? So far as we can understand there can
be no reason, and, if it should, we have a new
species, not springing from seed, or one individual
plant, constituting one geographical centre of crea-
tion, from which all subsequent descendants emi-
grated and spread themselves, but a whole brood
of new individuals already widely distributed over
the earth's surface, and entirely freed from the
struggle for existence which the development of
a species from a solitary individual pre-supposes.

Aside from the great value of this illustration
of how the whole character of a species might be
modified simultaneously over a wide extent of
country, it afforded a lesson in environment. Ex-
ternal circumstances may influence modification,
but only in a line already prepared for modifica-
tion. This must necessarily be so, or change
would be but blind accident, whereas paleontol-
ogy teaches us that change has always been in
regular lines and in co-ordinate directions, which
no accident has been able to permanently turn
aside. Just as in the birth of animals we find that
however powerful may be some external law of
nutrition, which, acting on the primary cell of the
individual, decides the sex, — yet we see that no
accident has been able to disturb the proportion
of the sexes born, which has always been, so far
as we know, nearly equal. So in the birth of
species, making all allowance for the operation of
environment, the primary plan has been in no
serious way disturbed. We have to grant some-
thing to environment in the production of new
forms, but only as it may aid an innate power of
change ready to expend itself on action as soon
as the circumstances favor such development, — cir-
cumstances which, after all, have very little ability
to determine what direction such change shall
take.

We know that distinct forms do spring through
single individuals from seed, and that after bat-

20

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

tling successfully with all the vicissitudes of its
surroundings, a new form may succeed in spread-
ing through the lapse of years or ages, over a con-
siderable district of country. But the idea that
always, and in all cases, species have originated
in this manner, presents occasionally difficulties
which seem insurmountable. In the case of the
similarity between the flora of Japan, and that of
the eastern portion of the United States, we have
to assume the existence of a much closer con-
nection between the land over what is now the
Pacific Ocean, in comparatively modern times, in
order to get a satisfactory idea of the departure of
the species from one central spot, and to demand
a great number of years for some plants to travel
from one central birth place, before the land sub-
sided, carrymg back species in geological time
further perhaps than mere geological facts would
be willing to allow. But if we can see our way
to a belief that plants may change in a wide dis-
trict of country similtaneously in one direction, and
that these changes once introduced be able to
perpetuate themselves till a new birth time should
arrive, we have a great advance towards simpli-
fying things.

OF THE SEXES IN CHESTNUT TREES.
BY THOMAS T. NEWBY.

The past season, when my chestnut tree was in
full bloom, I got branches with the early male
flowers, from other bearing trees, a mile or more
away, and hung them up all over my tree. There
was a fine show of burrs, and I got two nice
chestnuts ; and I think one or two others dropped
that I did not get. The rest of the burrs had no
fruit in them, and mostly fell off before the time
of fruit ripening. I now, however, have much
doubt about the theory of the chestnut not perfect-
ing fruit unless fertilized with pollen from another
tree ; though my experience so far points that
way. But on the contrary, I have learned of a
tree in Knightstown, Indiana, six miles from my
place, which has borne fruit for several years,
being an older and larger tree than mine. And
there is no other chestnut tree nearer than half a
mile, at least large enough to flower. One year
the owner got one gallon of nuts ; this year, not
so many. I propose to leave mine alone next
season, and note the result. Carthage, Ind.

[Where there are individual trees, at long dis-
tances from each other, observers have excellent
opportunities of settling these disputed questions.
The belief of the editor is that fertilization in the

chestnut is effected by the second crop of male
flowers which come out at the end of the raceme
that bears the " burrs." He regards the first crop
of male flowers as an utter waste, so far as any
good to any chestnut tree is concerned, though of
great value in the general economy of nature;
and it was in objection to his view that some one
raised the question that the use of the first crop of
male flowers " might be " to fertilize the flowers of
other trees. In other words, it was " an arrange-
ment for cross-fertilization."' — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

K.EMPFERIA GiLiiERTii. — We have here a
sketch of a pretty plant belonging to the ginger
family or Zingiberaceas, sent us by Mr. Wm.
Bull. A fleshy-rooted perennial, with attractively
variegated foliage, introduced from the East In.
dies. From the succulent roots are annually pro-
duced a tuft of oblong-lanceolate deep green
leaves, which are slightly undulated at the margin,
and bordered by a broad and very conspicuous
band of white. The purple and white flowers are
peculiar in form, as often occurs in the Zingibera-
ceous order.

Besides its great beauty as a plant for culture,
it suggests some thoughts on the origin and nature
of variegation — matters which have never been
explained to our satisfaction. It has been said
that the great object of color in flowers is to attract
insects ; but those of us who live among flowers
know that insects visit flowers just as freely when
there is neither color nor fragrance as when there
is. The insignificant flower of Ampelopsis, with-
out cither of these attractions, is so great a favorite
with bees that they almost crowd each other out
to get at the sweets, while the particularly sweet
flowers of the grape seem to have no more attrac-
tion than any ordinary flower. The pretty red
and sweet flowers of the Rubus odoratus get a few
visitors evidently for the pollen's sake, while the
Black cap raspberries with hardly any perceptible
smell, and greenish white flowers that scarcely look
like blossoms at all, draw the whole strength of
the hive to the feast spread for them.

And then we have color in leaves as well as
in flowers. Color in bracts often long before the
flowers are expanded, and they surely can have
no special attraction for insects. The white in
leaves is frequently merely the absence of green.
It is really the absence of all color. In these

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

21

cases we find a marked decrease in the health and ' will appear wholly green, and then we have
vigor of the plant. In garden shrubs this is par- ! branches and flowers of the ordinary size.

ticularly apparent. The variegated Corchorus is
not half the size of the common Corchorus, nor

But when it comes to actual color, green usually
prevailing, we find an increase of growth and vig-

are the flowers as large, — but very often a branch or in many cases. Purple especially seems re

22

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

markably favorable to vegetative vigor. The Pur-
ple Beech, Purple Peach, Purple Hazel and similar
plants, have larger leaves and a stronger growth
than their green leaved parents, — and this is true
of Dracaenas, and many other plants that we know
as ornamental foliage plants.

Just the why of all this we don't know; yet we
feel that the why is not beyond human persever-
ance. Every day we meet with problems like
these, which if solved would be of vast practical
benefit. We of the sere and yellow leaf of life, —
full of zeal in behalf of problems we have already
taken up, anxious that the fruit may ripen before
our foliage falls, — can not undertake these things.
But it may be a help to the young to point out how
much there is to learn.

Podophyllum in China. — One of the most in-
teresting facts in botanical geography is the cor-
respondence between the flora of the Eastern
United States and that of China and Japan. New
illustrations of this are being continually furnished.
Every one knows the " May Apple," " Mandrake,"
or Podophyllum of our woods. One species, P.
Emodi, has been discovered in Asia, and we have
the further account from a correspondent of the
Gardener's Chronicle ;

"In the higher regions of the mountains a plant
of great interest is found. This is a new species
of Podophyllum, a plant of the same genus as that
from which podophyllin, the principle of the cele-
brated podophyllin pills, is obtained. The natives
attach great medicinal value to the plant, and
probably with more reason than the value which
is often ascribed by them to innumerable plants
which they -so freely use for all manner of com-
plaints. Podophyllum peltatum, the source of
podophyllin, is an American plant. A few years
ago, Mr. Watters, H. M. Consul at Tamsui, in
Formosa, discovered one, which Dr. Hance named

P. pleianthum. The Lo-fau species is the second
Asiatic one. Both of them are in cultivation here,
now ; two plants of the latter have just flowered
for the first time in our Garden, where they have
been growing for about two years. The larger
one of the two has leaves two feet in diameter, and
it is a striking and ornamental plant."

Cracking of Fruits. — One of the most valu-
able exercises that the devotees of gardening can
indulge in, is to look closely into the causes of
every occurrence within their experience. On our
table some one placed a specimen of the common
Cydonia, or Pyrus Japonica. A couple of weeks in
a warm room caused it to shrink and become
wrinkled. A week afterwards there were two
cracks in it, just as in a fruit "cracked" as we
often see them, when in, as we all suppose, a
diseased state. Two bright youths came in and
had a discussion why that pear cracked.

" Because it has shrunk," said the other.

This was disputed by the party of the first part
"because the whole fruit has shrunk, and in the
shrinking the fruit has split."

The answer to this was, " If the whole fruit has
shrunk, how could it crack ? If the fruit swelled
instead of shrinking, cracking could be under
stood."

The reply seemed to stagger the other for a few
moments, but he came again to the attack : " Be-
cause the skin has shrunk more rapidly than the
pulp," and he evidently had the debate in his favor.
And we may apply this to the ordinary cracking
of fruits. They probably crack because the skin
contracts when the pulp does not. It is not a full
explanation, because we do not know why the skin
contracts, but the point gained brings us nearer
to the answer.

Literature, Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

ERICACEOUS BEAUTY AT HOME AND
ABROAD.

BY WM. T. HARDING.

feels the sand under his feet, as he steps on shore
in some distant land, his searching eyes will be

met with many novel sights, strange to his former
vision. And should he be a lover of nature, and
pause to gaze at the wonderful vegetation of South
When, after a long voyage, the adventurous .Africa, in the vicinity of Table Mountain, and be-
traveler, on leaving the deck of his vessel, first yond, he will be bewildered at the sight of so

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

23]

much unusual beauty. And if he arrive when
the many lovely species of bulbous-rooted plants
are blooming, some of which kinds he may have
nursed with tender care at home ; or watched
with curious expectation the many grotesque ex-
amples of succulent plants, which everywhere, i
with their odd-shaped and abnormal forms, attract
his attention ; especially the singular genus of
mesembryanthemum, of which there are between
four and five hundred species flowering around
him, he will be much amazed. Nor will his sur-
prise be less, when he beholds so many kinds of
pelargoniums, some of which sorts he remembers
as having seen long ago. And how plain before
the mind's eye will appear the unforgotten green-
house at home, where, when a boy, he first beheld
these odorous and pretty favorites of the olden
time. And among these, upwards of two hundred
dissimilar species, many of which, both foliage
and flowers, are fragrant ; with curiously blotched
and beautifully pencilled petals, in every shade of
coloring, from pure white, to brilliant scarlet, and
crimson ; he will find much to admire.

Of what Diaz, the Portuguese navigator, thought
of "The Dark Continent," when first he landed
there, differing so much as it does from the physi-
cal configuration of his native land, history re-
mains silent. Yet, we can hardly suppose that at
the sight of the fine, portly green trees, handsome
shrubs, and pretty flowers, he could remain in-
different, after being so long tempest-tossed, about
what he aptly termed the " Cape of Storms." But
dismissing for the present the notice of many in-
teresiing plants which flourish there, I will en-
deavor to confine my remarks to the genus Erica,
and of that particular section known as Cape
Heaths.

On leaving the quaint looking old city and en-
virons of Cape Town, formerly settled by the
Dutch in 1652, the enthusiastic traveler soon be-
gins to meet here and there, a variety of the small,
handsome evergreen Ericas, as a foretaste of what
is in reserve for him, as he journeys upwards and
onwards. And presuming he is one of those in-
quisitive persons, who let nothing escape their
keen observation, his progress will be slow indeed.
On all sides, and especially while passing over the
long stretches of undulating country, his attention
will continually be drawn towards the increasing
numbers, in many varieties, of these elegant mini-
ature flowering shrubs. And, if he fortunately
knows their botanical names, he will be much
pleased with the winsome features he joyfully re-
cognizes, like the meeting of old companions after

many years. And numbers of free growing kinds,
such as Erica cerinthoides major, from three to
five feet high ; E. dichromata, from lour to six
feet ; E. vernalis, six to seven feet ; E. Masson-
iana, eight or nine feet, and E. euriolaris, twelve
to fifteen feet; he will occasionally meet, overtop-
ping those of a more dwarfed and compact habit ;
such as E. comosa, E. nigrita, E. blanda, E. petio-
lata, E. minima, E. elegans, and E. carnea. To
specify individual kinds by name, from upwards
of five hundred indigenous varieties, would give
the reader but a faint idea of what they are like,
unless well versed in botanical nomenclature.
And as he approaches the rising ground, along
the well beaten path which winds up the moun-
tain sides, further on, these ligneous gems assume
a more symmetrical and sturdy habit, and if possi-
ble, become more beautiful, until the summit of
Table Mountain is reached.

After hard and persistent strugghng up and
along the tortuous and rugged footpath, which fre-
quently doubles and zigzags among immense
masses of detached rocks ; through deep defiles
and apparently impassable chasms, along which
the purest spring water comes splashing over pre-
cipitous cascades, from near the apex, the tired
pedestrian will find an inviting resting place in a
natural alcove. To his great surprise, he will then
see what may seem incredible to old heath grow-
ers, who have only seen them in pots under glass ;
namely, low bushes of E. vestita elegans, and E' .
princeps, flourishing with all the freedom of bog
plants, in soil apparently never dry. While, per
contra, E. pumila, E. densiflora, E. incana, and
E. penicillata, seemed equally healthy, growing in
small cracks or crevices, in the fissured rocks,
where it was high and dry, with only a few grains
of sand to root in.

The writer was completely nonplussed at the
sight of healthy blooming heaths, growing upon
the face of precipitous rocks, upon the sunny
sides of which, it was unpleasantly hot to the
touch ; conditions, fatal to them under cultivation.
It is well understood by those who are vei'sed in
vegetable physiology, that climatic and atmos-
pheric influences are powerful factors conducive
to the health and vigor of plant life. And thus,
much which is apt to perplex us, from seeming so
ultra-abnormal, at first sight, may often be ac-
counted for; especially when we consider the
external circumstances, which make so much dif-
ference to the welfare of indigenous plants, in
their native habitats, to those unacclimated, from
other lands.

34

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

Returning again to (he subject, and following
the ascending path, which to his intense delight,
will be found closely margined on each side with
handsome heaths ; which absolutely cover every
inch of soil possible to root in, with masses of
highly prized species, the sight cannot fail to
remind him of those he may have often ad-
mired at home. True, there are no legends of
the past wound around them, as there are about
the heath, or heather of other lands ; of which,
the poet has often sung. Savage Hottentots and
Caffres, who for ages have ignorantly wandered
among them, keep no historical records ; and al-
though no charm of romance invests them with
anything prosy or poetical, they are, nevertheless,
most intensely interesting to those who admire
frutescent beauty. And whoever has enjoyed a
ramble among them will not be likely to ever for-
get the peculiar, refreshing odor, arising from the
myriads of pretty blossoms.

And while still ascending, at every onward step
brilliant colors and fresh forms of heath beauty will
delight the eye with pleasant changes, until, when
near the summit, the novel sensation of passing
above the fleecy clouds, which eternally drape the
top of Table Mountain, will be experienced. Even
when in cloudland, the somewhat stunted, though
symmetrical, heaths will still be there. And with
every possible tinge, or shade of green tiny leafage,
these compact little plants seem to vie with each
other, for the palm of grace and beauty. All of
this large and interesting family are exquisitely be-
decked with a profusion of delicate, lovely, wax-
like flowers, from pure white, to flesh and cream
color ; yellow, dark green, light green, orange,
and purple ; red, pale red, red and green, red and
yellow, red and orange, orange and purple, white
and scarlet, to brilliant scarlet, crimson, flame
color, etc.

Preferring to give form and color of flower, to
mere technical terms, which I trust will give the
reader a better idea of what they are like, I will as
concisely as possible say, the styles or shapes of
flowers, are tubular, or cylindrical, with some
kinds long, while others again are short. Some
species have inflated flowers, of fair size, while
another division has small globcd-shaped ones.
Narrow necked, with wide spreading borders, form
another type. Small oval shaped kinds, consti-
tute another group ; which is followed by one
which has lovely flowers enclosed in inflated
calixes; while another section has curious, though
extremely pretty double flowers.

While "up above the world so high," the ad-

mirer of nature will get extensive views of land and
sea. The magnificent panorama spread before
him, will be scanned with intense interest, com-
bining as it does, a matchless landscape, emerging
into a marine picture, which fades in the dim dis-
tance of the deep blue sea.

•' In prospects thus, some objeets please our eyes,

Tlio shapeless rock or liaiisinK preeipioc.
Which out of nature's common order rise."

As this imperfect notice is getting longer than I
intended, I will meet the lover of floriculture nearer
home. With every opportunity of seeing heaths,
or ericas, both in a wild or cultivated state, 1 unhes-
itatingly pronounce them to be as interesting and
beautiful plants as ever graced a greenhouse.
And my long cherished hope of seeing them culti-
vated in this country, I trust will yet be realized.

Although the climate may be fickle and uncer-
tain, yet, there is among the profession of horti-
culture, if properly qualified men are employed,
and the opportunity given to exercise it, sufficient
skill to grow and flower these matchless strangers,
on this side the sea. In other words, no mere pre-
tender must meddle with them, or disappointment
will as cert.iinly follow, as light comes with day.
Of all plants with which I am acquainted, I know
of none which require more practical skill in their
management, than Cape Heaths. Presuming the
above remarks may create a desire to possess a
collection of these elegant plants, it is possible the
reader may feel disappointed with the silence of
the writer, for not fully stating how success may
be achieved by those who are wiUing to try. But
it would be a futile task, to attempt to convey the
requisite knowledge, which can only be acquired
by actual experience. Instead, I advise employing
a competent man.

Of Ericas, a noted grower says : " No ligneous
shrubs are better deserving of cultivation than the
heaths. For of what other genus can it be said
that every species, without exception, is beautiful
throughout the year, and at every period of its
growth ; in flower or out of flower, and of every
size and age ; perpetually green, and perpetually
in flower, and these flowers of various colors and
sizes, and of many shapes ? " Another, equally
wise on the subject, savs : " The two splendid na-
tural orders, Ericaca;, and Epacridace:e, (of which
I made mention in a recent number of the Month-
ly,) perhaps contain a greater number of really
beautiful plants, than are to be found in all the
other orders put together." All of which your cor-
respondent fully endorses. Supposing some of the
readers desire to grow heaths, — are of such a nature
that they must have some, — I will give a list of a

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

25

few beautiful kinds, which with ordinary care, they
may manage to grow — namely : Erica Caffra alba,
E. Caffra rubra, E. rubida, E. Wilmoreana, E. um-
bellata, E. sicula, E. arborea squarosa, E. Bowie-
ana, E. mutabilis, E. cruenta superba, E. interme-
•dia, and E. colorans. Mount Holly, N. J.

THE LOTUS OF THE ANCIENTS.
BV DR. \V. R. GERARD.

" Inquirer" (p. 350 of Gardeners' Monthly),

probably wants information in regard to the

famed Lotus, the food of the Lotophagi, which

Homer says was so delicious as to make those who

ate it forget their native country.

'* They went, and found an hospitable race ;
Not prone to ill. not stranee to foreign guest :
They eat, they drink, and Nature t:ives the feast ;
The trees around them all their food produce,
I/otusthe narae — divine, nectareous juice I
(Jheiice called Lotophagi) which whoso tastes,
Insatiate riots in the sweet repasts ;
Nor other home, nor other care intends.
But quits his house, his country, and his friends."
— Odyssey. 9 ; Pope's irari.sl.ition.

This enchanting fruit of the ancients is said to

have been the product of an African species of

Zizyphus — Z. Lotus, Willd. Celtis Australis has

also had the credit of being the plant that yielded

the fruit under consideration; hence its popular

name Lote-tree. The Greek name '/u-m- (lotos),

included the above-named shrub, a species of

melilotus, a few trees, and several aquatic plants.

New York City, Nov. 18, 1SS4.

RECOLLECTIONS OF BY-GONE SCENES.
BY JAMES MORTON.

In reading the interesting article of Wm. T.
Harding in the November Monthly, and follow-
ing him in vivid imagination in his rambles
through Needwood forest, I cannot but share with
him in surprise and regret at the breaking up of
the bright and fertile retreat of Rangemore. (See
correction of this.— Ed. G. M.)

I have read with avidity and delight the pleasing
word pictures of Mr. Harding in many of his
flowery descriptions of things and places in the
English midlands ; but when he touches on
Rangemore I can no longer refrain from joining
with him in a few less elegant words than his on
the beauties of thes* Elysian glades. My words
may not be of a general interest to the readers of
this journal, but it certainly gives me relief to vent
my feelings and say a few things in favor of the
abodes surrounding Burton and along the banks
of the winding Trent. I was an admirer of things
at Rangemore ; its undulating vegetable garden.

fruit trees, lawns, its fine growing graperies, and
unique collection of plants I have frequently

I trudged about seven miles to see. The scenes that

I Mr. Harding describes are all familiar to me, and
their recollections beget pleasant memories of
" bygone happy days." In this metaphorical
ramble we cannot but visit Rolleston Hall, the seat
of Sir Tonman Mosely, replete with all to be found
in horticultural interest, and smiling under the
charge of the genial Mr. Buck. What fine speci-
mens of Cyathea dealbata and Dicksonia antarctica
flourished in the conservatory there. I have
tramped it every inch from Rolleston to Dunstall,
and retain pleasing thoughts of Mr. Simpson
and his indefatigable foreman, Mr. Bradbury, the
ridge and furrow roofed conservatory, with many
things of interest that escape my memory now.
Crossing the Trent at Barton and Walton into
the sun-blessed radiance of the Derbyshire hills,
and soon to the sylvan shades of the towering
elms in Drakelowe Park, where I have sauntered
through its leafy bowers, and took the divergent
leafy pathways of the fallow-deer. The gardens
at Drakelowe contain many admirable things in
the plant and fruit line, especially so since the
acquisition of the Colon Hall plants, by Mr. John
Gretton. Mr. Arnold was then in charge and the
stately mansion of Drakelowe nestled in bright
tranquility on the verge of the rippling Trent.
Bladon House, still higher up on the Derbyshire
slope, the residence of Fred. Gretton, Esq., is
where for some years I whiled my time away.
Our " bothy" was close to the river and often when
"on duty" I stole to bathe in that beer making
stream. Mr. Prince, a graduate of Chatsworth,
was gardener at Bladon at that time; under his
tuition I gained much information that has since
proved valuable to me, not all in matters horti-
cultur.il — for his life was a model for gardeners to

I emulate. There I saw the finest lot of fancy Pelar-
goniums it was ever my privilege to behold.
Staged at the June show of Burton-on-Trent, they
were as sure of the awards as were the orchids
froin Rangemore or the pines from Rolleston.
.Mr. Prince was the instigator of many improve-
ments in the gardens at Bladon House, and under
his guidance they lacked none of the thrift to be
found in their rivals beyond the Trent, or in that
salubrious location where the morning breeze is
mingled with the vapors of distilling malt, and the
cold air of Winter mellowed with the perfume of

) the hops.

I would like to take your interesting correspon-
dent by the hand and travel again those verdant

26

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

glades, whether through the intricate hedgerows of
Elvaston, the model village of Endsor, or the Derby
Arboretum ; providing it was anniversary day,
when the green sward is studded with the grave and
gay from all surroundings to take part in the hilar-
ity of the occasion. Sherwood forest also abounds
with places of much interest. Along the Ime of the
Nottingham and Mansfield railroad, the neat and
interesting gardening spots of Beeston, Papple-
wick, and Annesley loom up serenely from the ro-
mantic grounds of -'Bold Robin Hood and his
merry men." At Annesley Hall I first became ac-
quainted with "bothy " life and partook of its
pleasures and adversities as the varying circum-
stances would permit. There beside that vine
covered mansion, the ancestral home of the Mus-
ters family, lies the green sward on which the im-
mortal Byron was wont to play. An old doorway
that stands beneath an ivy clad terrace that leads
to a cavern underneath is closely perforated with
bullet holes, shot by the hands of the poet. A solid
oaken door was made by Mr. Young, the gardener
there, and the older one that served as a target for
authorof "Don Juan" was carefully bolted on as
a means of preserving so interestiug a relic. It
was there beneath the shady elms, in the calm se-
clusion of that picturesque habitation, the poet
wooed Mary Chaworth Musters, and Annesley
then had untold charms for him. Sharing, how-
ever, in thechangeful nature of less prominent mor-
tals, after the marriage of Mary whom he wooed so
vainly, he wrote:

"Hills of Annesley. bleak .and barren,
Where my thoughtless childhood strayed,

How the northern tempests warring,
Howl above thy tufted shade .'

*' Now no more the hours beguiling,

Former favorite haunts I see.
Now no more my Mary smiling,

Make ye seem a heaven to me.'*

The neighborhood around there is rich in historic
and classic interest. Newstead Abbey, where the poet
lived, lies in close propinquity ; of which he writes:

"Through thy battlements, Newstead, the hollow winds
wliistle.

Thou, the halls of my fathers, are gone to decay,
In thy once smiling garden, the hemlock and thistle.

Have choked up the rose wliicrh late bloomed in the way."

A few miles south of there, in the Hucknal Fork-
ard churchyard, the poet's remains lie beneath a
monument that bears the inscription of " Byron "in
that enclosure of the dead.

It would bedifficult to find anywhere a district in
which so much enthusiasm is manifested in horti-
cultural pursuits by amateurs as in that region.
Every man is a florist no matter whether he works
in the coal pit or at the stocking-frame. Roses.

pansies, dahlias, and hollyhocks they grow with
much success. With what pride they cherish a few
pansy seeds or a dahlia cutting, if told it surpassed
anything their neighbors had got, and would bring
them to perfection with wonderful precision for
most of the surrounding shows. I have known men
that worked in the coal mine all day to spend their
mornings and evenings in attending to their particu-
lar "'hobby " of gardening. In such work they live
and die and find pleasure in each recurring season.
The mining districts may suggest the idea of un-
couth scenes to many, but there are bright and hap-
py homesteads that are attended to by the miners
with such jealous care as to make them sweet
with the perfume of lilies, and gay with the sheen
of the rose. Torrington, Conn.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Old Botanic Garden of Bartram. —
About fifty of the descendants of John Bartram,
the botanist, assembled in the ancient Friends'
meeting-house in Darby recently, for the purpose
of arranging a family organization. The extreme
inclemency of the weather prevented a larger at-
tendance. Amos King, of Moorestown, N. J.,
presided, and William D. Kelley, Jr., acted as
secretary. Mr. King stated to the meeting what
it is desired to accomplish. It is first proposed to
establish communication with all branches of the
Bartram family in various portions of the United
States. This being accomplished, the next move
will be to purchase, if possible, John Bartram's
homestead and gardens in West Philadelphia.
A grand family reunion and Bartram Centennial
will then be held.

A few years ago some liberal gentlemen made
an offer to the estate owning the Gardens to buy
and present to the city, but the owners refused to
sell for this purpose; believing they could make
more by destroying its botanical associations, and
turning the whole into building lots. There was
no ground for such belief, as the citizens were
willing to give the full value of the ground. Since
then, Councilman Meehan's ordinance, passed by
the city last year under an act of the Assembly,
gives the city a right to take g«ound that may be
desired for public squares, and the value thereof
to be paid after assessment by a jury of award.
If therefore the Bartram heirs, or other Philadel-
phians interested in preserving this wonderful
memento of a grand old botanist, can collect a
sufficient fund, the heirs would in all probability

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

27

see better now than they did on the former occa-
sion, that it would be to their best interests to sell
at their own figures, than to trust to the uncer-
tainty of a jury of award.

The Quassia Tree.— Dr. Baillon has just pre-
sented the Horticultural Society of Paris with a
specimen of Quassia excelsa, a very rare tree, and
at present, perhaps, the only one in Europe. The
history of this solitary individual is curious ; it
was reared from seed in 1868 by the late Dr.
BarilletDeschamps, who gave it to the garden of
the Faculty of Medicine ; and it is highly proba-
ble that the seeds came from Martinique under
the name of Bittera febrifuga. Hence it was not
easy to determine the real nature of the young
plant, its only characteristic being the extreme
bitterness of all its parts, the leaves especially.
As it was supposed to require great warmth, it
was kept in a hot-house, where it got on very
poorly, until a Prussian shell fell into the place
(January 20th, 1871). The following night being
excessively cold (it may be remembered that the
winter of that year was one of the severest on
record), all the plants cultivated there perished
except this. Its terminal bud having been lopped
off by one of the splinters of the projectile, it was
picked up and examined, when it was found to
contain a flower presenting all the characteristics
of the family of Rutaceae. The plant was now
transferred to an Orangery, where it recovered and
throve well; it put forth a quantity of leaves in
the following spring, and since then it has been
growing and producing female flowers every year,
so that, to propagate it, a male specimen has to be
found. It is a common tree in Jamaica, where it
attains a height of 60 feet, and goes there by the
name of "Bitter Ash." It is exported in logs
known in trade as "yellow quassia;" they are
made into goblets on the turning-lathe, and these
are sold under the well-known name of "bitter
cup." The shavings are also much in demand for
infusions exceedingly beneficial to weak stomachs.
They are used in the manufacture of beer ; and,
as for the wood itself, it is also made into boxes
for preserving furs from moths, which shun such
receptacles on account of their bitterness. — The
Garden.

Mortgages on Farmlands. — A Georgia paper
thus describes the peculiar operations of a mort-
gage company : "The Freehold Land and Mort-
gage Company, of London, sues Walter A. Base-
ley, Jr., of Greene Co., for $2700. This indebted-
ness was created in June, 1882, at which time the

defendant borrowed $2500 and gave his notes for
the principal and interest. This money was pay-
able at the Corbin Bank of New York, and by the
terms of the agreement the notes were to be de-
clared due at the pleasure of the holder in case the
interest was not paid within thirty days after it was
due. The notes have interest coupons attached,
like the coupons on bonds. It seems that in this
particular case the $200 of interest became due
November 15, 1883, and was not paid. The debt
to the company is secured by a mortgage on 520
acres of land in Greene county. As the company
is a foreign corporation, it has the privilege of
bringing the suit in the United States courts, which
it has done. The above suits make the beginning
of an era of untold misery for the people of the
State. About three years ago these companies
set up business in Georgia, advertising most ex-
travagant inducements to make farmers borrow
money. Thus, on $3000 worth of property per-
haps Jiooo could be borrowed. From this $1000
would be deducted $200 by the agents for commis-
sions, etc., and upon the nominal $1000 8 per cent
interest had to be paid, and the money had to
bring in five years' interest, no matter whether the
borrower wanted it that long or not. The real in-
terest paid is 14 per cent. Having got the money
and lost it, the borrowers now find themselves in
the hands of sharks, who will mercilessly push
them to the wall in the Federal courts, to attend
which many of the victims will have to travel 100
miles. Thus within another few years there will
be witnessed a wholesale eviction of farmers, with
scenes rivalling some of the stories coming from
Ireland."

A Native of North America.— This is the
description of Helenium pumilum in an excellent
English serial. This is about on a par with saying
that a fern which is found growing only by Lake
of Killarney, is "a native of the Northern part of
the Eastern Hemisphere." We often wonder at the
hmited notions of North America which prevail in
otherwise intelligent English circles.

Why Magazines Live or Die.— The Boston
Herald has an article on the death of The Conti-
nent. The why and the wherefore puzzles it and
other people. Its editor thought its struggle was
because it was published in Philadelphia, and so
the publication office was moved to New York ;
but even this salt did not save it. To us the life
or death of a magazine is a simple problem. If
you offer people what they want, and what they
■ can get in no other way so well, the magazine will

28

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

be a success ; if not, it will die, and it should
do so.

The Fox Grape. — A foxy grape in the old
world, is one which has a brown instead of a black
<:olor as it should have — in short, a black grape
hardly colored. It is more than probable, that the
term " fox grape " was given to the American grape
of that name, from its " foxy " color. Now we speak
of the " foxy odor " of a fox grape, as if the fox
had anything of a smell like that. The fox has no
such smell. And then we have a " foxy taste."
It is interesting to note how words are led to have
meanings quite different from original intent.

Gardening for Women. — Miss Gertrude Sack-
ett, in an admirable address before the Summit
County Horticultural Society, at its recent meeting
at Springfield, Ohio, remarked: "One thing should
here be spoken of — a woman may be a good dress-
maker, but not all are. I think the old saying,
' Whatever is worth doing, is worth doing well,'
finds illustration here. A dressmaker in order to
be successful must learn the trade. The average
American woman has a good figure, when it is not
distorted by a wretchedly fitting dress.

"To take a different view of the subject, let us
mention a few ways in which women may earn
money, if that is what they are seeking.

"Gardening may be carried on to a limited ex-
tent, and the cultivation of flowers may be made
a specialty. Lima beans are quite easily raised,
and sell for a good price in the fall. Sweet corn
may likewise be raised with some profit, even if
some of the gain is lost in defraying the expense
of hiring the harder part of the labor. Gardening,
too, has the great advantage of being a decidedly
healthy occupation.

" A few years ago, a young girl who, from all
appearances, was fatally ill with consumption,
went to a country home and amused herself in
the garden when she felt strong enough. She
found the health-giving properties of the soil and
recovered. She declared that the spade was her
doctor."

ViciA Denniesiana. — In the herbaceous de-
partment at Kew this strange and curious plant is
now in flower. It was received at Kew from the
garden of the late H. C. Watson, Esq., of Thames
Ditton. That gentleman described the plant and
gave its history in Godman's Natural History of
the Azores, published thirteen years ago, and from
that work the following particulars are abstracted:
— "This is a remarkable plant in itself, and in its
history as far as hitherto known ; for chance only

appears to have saved it from becoming an ex-
tinct species almost immediately after it became
known at all. It was found by Mr. Hunt on the
mountains at the east end of the island (San
Miguel), growing on damp earthy precipices ; but
in one spot only, from which it has since disap-
appeared through a landslip. Mr. Hunt unsuc-
cessfully sought for the plant elsewhere in the
same neighborhood, and no other collector found
it in any of the isles. In general appearance its
nearest analogue is V. villosa, although at first
glance it is distinct from that and every other
Vicia known to me." The changes in the color of
the flowers are remarkable. In the early bud they
are of a fine purple ; and being one inch long,
and numerous in the racemes, they lead to the ex-
pectation of a handsome appearance. But as
they expand, or even earlier, the color changes to
a dull slate, and finally to a dingy fawn. In order
to prevent V. Denniesiana from being lost, it is
better and safer to winter a plant in a cold frame
and plant out in May ; of course seeds, when
ripened, afford a ready means of increasing so rare
and curious a species. — Gardener's Chronicle.

Mr. John Gardner. — This well known horti-
culturist, gardener and general estate manager to
Pierre Lorillard, met with a severe gunning acci-
dent recently at the hands of a friend, who did
not know he was near. One shot went through
the nose, and another destroyed the left eye.

Elbert S. Carm.\n, the very successful editor
of the Rural New- Yorker, we learn from the
Farm Journal, was born in Hempstead, Long
Island, in 1837, and educated partly in Brown
University. He became editor and proprietor of
the paper in 1877. He has always had a fondness
for agriculture and botany, and his experimental
grounds at Rockaway furnish many of the facts
which render his paper so popular.

History of the Pineapple. — For this, the
material is not abundant, or, I should rather say,
good material. For the most voluminous writers
upon this subject have evidently regarded their
imagination as a fountain of facts. There are
however, a few well authenticated facts in regard
to its history :

First, Columbus found it growing wild on the
Island of Guadaloupe in 1493.

Second, Baron Von Humboldt lound it in the
valley of the Orinoco, and elsewhere, in the unin-
habited wilds of South America.

Third, At an early period it was louiul natural-
ized in Africa, Asia and the East Indies. This

i88s.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

29

has led some to question its American origin. But
the first fact named settles that beyond dispute,
for whatever may be said of the passage of the an-
cestors of our aboriginal tribes across Behring
Straits, or the Icelandic discoveries upon north-
eastern borders, it is very certain that no voyager
from any country where the pineapple could be
grown, ever set foot upon the shores of either
the American Continent or Islands previous to the
days of Columbus. It is equally certain that it
has been widely distributed by the hand of man,
and that, too, at an early period. It is said to have
been found naturalized in Java as early as 1599.
It was carried to Europe soon after its discovery
in America by Columbus, and thence to regions
beyond. But it is probable that it was carried to
China from Peru by way of the Pacific, and thence
distributed to surrounding regions. It is also
probable that India derived its first supply from
the European stock through Portuguese soon after
its introduction into Europe, and thence extended
to adjacent countries. Wherever introduced, it at
once was conceded a high rank among the fruits
of earth, because of its large size, its delightful
aroma, and the abundance of its juice of a most
exquisite flavor. — Rev. yas. H. White, in Florida
Dispatch.

Tr.\nsactions of the Illinois Horticul-
tural Society, 18S3. — A. C. Hammond, Warsaw,
Secretary.

Transactions of the Mississippi Valley
Horticultural Society, 1884. — From W. H.
Ragan, Greencastle, Indiana, Secretary.

Ontario School of Agriculture, Ninth
Annual Report, 1883. — From James Mills, Pres-
ident of Ontario Agricultural College.

What a grand work for the horticulture and nat-
ural history of our country, some one might do
who would undertake to make a general index of
all the good things that have appeared during the
past quarter of a century in works like these, — no
individual could afford to do it, but some society
possessing complete sets, and having the means at
command, could not put the money to better uses.
One of the best pieces of work General Le Due did
when Commissioner of Agriculture was to make
an index of all the volumes of that department up
to his time. Would it be out of order for the same
department to make an index of all State reports ?
What a very useful work it would be ! These before
us contain very valuable essays ; but just when one
wants to refer to them he will forget where to look.
A few days ago we wanted to look over all that had

been written on actual experiments or observa-
tions on the intercrossing of Indian corn, and
after an hour's search found nothing, yet surely
there must be much on record somewhere.

Orchids, the Royal Family of Plants. —
By Harriet Stewart Miner. Boston: Published by
Lee and Sheppard, and in New York, by Charles
T.Dillingham. Price, |l 5.00.

The most magnificent work of its class ever is-
sued in our country, and will do more perhaps
than any thing that has appeared to make orchid
culture widely popular. There are seven great
families of orchideae, and in the twenty-four plates
given selections are made from all these, and thus
is given a general idea of all the family. The
species illustrated arc, Dendrobium Devonianum,
D. Ainsworthia, D. nobile, Masdevallia Veitchii,
CattleyaTrianse, C. Choccensis, C. Mossse, C. Lod-
digesii, Laelia autumnalis, L. Dayeana, Phalse-
nopsis Stuartiana, Oncidium Barkeri, Calanthe
Veitchii, Aerides quinquevulnerum, Odontoglos-
sum Roezlii album, O. triumphans, O. Alexan-
dra;, Lycaste aromatica, Vanda suavis, Cymbid-
ium Hookerianum, C. niveum, C. Haynaldium,
and C. Spicerianum. The colored lithographic
plates are all drawn by the authoress and are given
here in quarto size. The lithography is very well
done. Practical facts, philosophical speculations,
classical allusions, poetical references, and various
thoughts suggested by the subjects form the text,
which is beautifully printed on heavily calendered,
gilt edged paper. Possibly critics in the various
departments of literature might want to qualify or
add to what has been said by the authoress, but
all will say that her attempt to offer a very beau-
tiful and interesting work has been a signal suc-
cess.

For weddings or birthday presents, Easter gifts
or memorial gifts of any kind, nothing we are sure
would be more appreciated than a copy of this
book; while those who have a collection of orchids,
or desire to have one, will surely want this beauti-
ful book in their libraries.

How THE Farm Pay's. — By William Crozier
and Peter Henderson. New York : Peter Hen-
derson & Co.

This is a large octavo of 379 pages, handsomely
printed and profusely illustrated, giving the ex-
perience of two of the most successful men in
market gardening and farming our country has
produced. What two such men have to say about
profitable work of this kind must of necessity
have great weight. Mr. Henderson's works of a

30

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

similar character have had an immense sale, and
hundreds have derived profit from them. It will
be no less the case with this. A capital thing, not
often done as well, is the Index.

Ornamental Gardening for Americans. —
By Elias A. Long. Orange Judd Co., New York.

No work issued for many years in our country
has come before us that we can more cordially
welcome than this. Books on fruits, flowers, and
vegetables, are common enough ; but on orna-
mental gardening generally, we have had nothing
that was worthy of intelligent attention and at the
same time just suited to the wants of every-day
life. Scott's "Suburban Home Grounds" is a
magnificent work. To our mind, not even Europe
■with all its wealth of garden taste and wealth of
means, has issued its superior ; but it is a work
suited to the best specimens o! gardening — to the
wants of those already somewhat advanced in rural
taste ; or to the desires of those who want to make
perfection in the art a special study. No good
garden library is perfect without a copy of " Scott's
Suburban Home Grounds." But there are thou-
sands in our country who know but little ot orna-
mental gardening, who desire to know more, and
who have to be taught gardening almost as we
teach the alphabet to children. There have been
attempts of this kind before, but their misfortunes
were, they as a general rule mistook a want of
knowledge for stupidity, and they left the reader
with little desire to know more than what they
taught. This is not one of that class. Assuming
the reader to know little, he is not burdened, but
led on intelligently, till by the time he is through,
he will be an accomplished landscape gardener.
We really think that every home in the country
will profit by having this book in the library ; and
gardeners especially should get and study it. A
general diffusion of this book among those who
" lay out places," and do garden work, would be
a great blessing to gardening in America.

The American Garden.— Messrs. B. K. Bliss
& Sons have disposed of their interest in the
American Garden to E. H. Libby, who will con-
tinue its publication. The magazine has been
ably edited by Dr. Hexamer, who we are glad to
note will continue in charge. It has been a valua-
ble coadjutor in the cause of horticultural prog-
ress, and we wish it a long-continued success.

The Caterer.— E. C. Whitton, Phila. It is no
use to raise nice fruits or vegetables unless some
one knows how to cook them well. This is an ex-
cellent monthly magazine devoted to the kitchen.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Pronunciation of Veronica. — " Kate R."
writes; "You did not tell us which of the two
forms of pronunciation of Veronica we should use,
presuming there is but one correct way."

[Our original correspondent who inquired about
Veronica has raised a storm around us — and yet
it shows how large is the number of people who
take an interest in the intellectual matters inci-
dental to horticulture. It so happens that for a
hundred years or more the same question has
been asked that " Kate " asks now. We can only
say that the correct pronunciation will depend on
the question of derivation. Those who believe
that the name is in any way connected with the
legend of the handkerchief will say Ve-roni'-ca;
those who regard it as derived from Betonica will
say Ve-ron'-i-ca. Horticulturists and botanists al-
ways use the latter pronunciation, and we note
that Professor Gray, in his " Manual of Botany,"
adopts this pronunciation, though evidently lean-
ing, as Dr. Darlington did, to the ecclesiastical
theory of the name.

To our mind the fact that this plant has been
named, and the pronunciation the same as Be-
tonica, in all probability ages before the legend of
the handkerchief became connected with it, is an
additional reason for the origin of the name as we
have suggested — merely a corruption of Betonica,
a family with which it was originally classed. —
Ed. G. M.]

George Sterling. — " The subject of this notice
died in Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 29th of last
May, aged seventy-nine years. His name as a
gardener, and particularly as a botanist, was known
throughout Britain. Uneducated and selftaught
botanist that he was, few men surpassed him as an
authority on the general nomenclature of plants.
The writer of this was an apprentice under him
while gardener at Melville Castle, near Edinburgh,
in 1842, and at that time the collection of hardy
herbaceous plants under the charge of Mr. Sterling
numbered over fifteen thousand species, and the
collection of Cape Heaths and New Holland plants
was probably unsurpassed by any private collection
in the vicinity, (jeorge Sterling was a stern disci-
plinarian though one of the kindest of men, and
the position of his workmen and apprentices was
no sinecure. Nearly every plant of his large col-
lection was distinctly labeled, and all too by his
apprentices and workmen at night on their own
time, often burning the midnight oil, for our own

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

31

benefit, he said. A list was given to each man
weekly and a set task exacted from each.

"At that time, for a man in his station, Mr. Sterling
received flattery enough to turn his head. Rarely
a week passed but his interesting collection of
plants was examined by amateur and professional
botanists, and such men as Dr. Niel of Edinburgh,
McNab of the Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, and
Turnbull of Glasgow consulted and deferred to
his opinion. Mr. Sterling was a candidate for
Curator of the Cambridge Botanic Gardens, Eng-
land, in 186/], and received scores of testimonials
from the highest sources in Britain vouching for
his peculiar ability for the position.

"The writer visited him in Edinburgh in 1872.
He had then retired from active work, and though
sixty- five years of age was as bright mentally and
physically as a man of fifty. He still kept a col-
lection of over six thousand species of plants,
mostly Alpines, and amused himself by making
exchanges with the different Botanical Gardens
throughout Europe.

" Mr. Sterling had but one son, who I understand
has inherited the botanical tastes of his father and
who has been for some time in the United States,
and is now of the firm of Gould & Sterling, nur-
serymen, Jacksonville, Fla. P. H."

Diseases of Plants. — A. W. Smith says:
"The diseases of plants we plant growers have to
contend with would be an interesting subject of
value to the general reader of the Gardeners'
Monthly."

[As our correspondent well says, this is one of
the most interesting subjects that can employ the
thoughts of the practical man, and we are much
obliged to him for the suggestion. It will be a
great pleasure to us to receive from correspond-
ents accounts of their troubles and trials, and ex-
periments and observations, that will enable the
Editor to aid and assist them. In a magazine of
this kind the Editor has to fall in with the wants
and wishes of his subscribers. To-day it may be
in the line of the practical value of steam over hot
water; to-morrow the thoughts of the mass of
readers may turn in the direction of the greatest
amount of money to be had from an orchard that
is in grass, or in an orchard kept in a clear sur-
face. At one time the great mass of the readers
seem to run into a desire to discuss facts and
problems in natural history that may have a rela-
tion to gardening — and then again the Editor is
overwhelmed with correspondence about the enor-
mous value of the wine crop to the people of the
United States, and the necessity of publishing
everything possible that may tend to keep down
the ravages of the Phylloxera. In short, the Gar-
deners' Monthly has to take those subjects into
the most earnest consideration in which the cor-
respondents themselves seem to take the greatest
interest. In this case we second the suggestion of
our correspondent that the diseases of plants is
one of great practical importance ; and it will be a
pleasure to the Editor to aid any correspondent
during the coming season who may desire infor-
mation.—Ed. G. M.]

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

HAARLEM EXHIBITION OF FLOWERING

BULBS, MARCH, 1885.

BY J. H. KRELAGE.

In 1885 the General Society for improving Hor-
ticulture at Haarlem will celebrate the fourth cen-
tury of its existence, and on that occasion an ex-
hibition will be opened at Haarlem on a large scale,
being one of the quinquennial shows of the socie-

ty. Such grand exhibitions have already been
held in 1875 and 1880. The one'now announced,
however, will surpass all those held before, and if
it become what it promises, it may be the best
show of flowering bulbs and tuberous rooted plants
ever held. The show will be opened from 20-24
March in the largest hall at Haarlem with its an-
nexes.

The schedule of prizes has 140 entries for which
381 medals are offered, (golden, gilt, silver and
bronze — some of them, with a surplus of money

32

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

value.) The value of all the prizes together is
more than ^^500, Sterling. There are 87 medals
for Hyacinths, 60 for Tulips, 17 for Narcis-
sus, and smaller numbers for Crocus, Fritillaria,
Galanthus, Leucojum, Scilla, Chionodoxa, Mus-
cari, Erythronium, Anemones, Ranunculas, Lilium,
Gladiolus, Iris, Helleborus, Hepatica, Trillium,
Convallaria, Hotea, Spirea, Dicentra, Terrestrial
Orchids, Pffionia, Amaryllis, Imanthophyllum, Eu-
charis, Orchids, Gesneriaceae, Begonia, Anthuri-
um, Caladium, Calla, Cyclamen, Tropaeolum,
Lachenalia, Sparaxis, Phormium and Yucca, as
well as for miscellaneous, rare or new bulbous and
tuberous-rooted plants.

A large number of medals are besides offered
for table decorations, bouquets, arrangements of
flowers, baskets, etc., with flowers or plants with
this peculiar condition, that all the flowers, which
are put in these arrangements ought to be those
of bulbous or tuberous-rooted plants.

This show will doubtless be a great attraction to
all those who take an interest in bulb-growing. It
will give a better idea of the collection of spring
bulbs grown in the neighborhood of Haarlem than
any show did before, and will be well worth com-
ing over for a few days to Holland to see.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

American Pomological Society. — Prepara-
tions are being made by the Michigan Pomologists
to make the next meeting of this society, which
is to be held in their State, one of the most suc-
cessful on record.

The Pennsylvania State Horticultural
Society.— This body meets this year in Lancaster
on January 2 1 St and 22d. The usual arrange-
ments for excursion tickets will be made, appli-
cation for which must be made to E. B. Engle,
Secretary, Chambcrsburg, Pa.

We have no details of any special business,
except that Mr. Meehan has been asked to make
a verbal address on "The connection of Fruits and
Flowers with the Progress of Civilization," which
he has accepted, with the proviso that other duties
shall permit him to attend as he hopes to do.

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. — Mr.
J. E. Mitchell, a leading merchant of Phila-
delphia, who has long and faithfully served the
Pennsylvania Horticultural Society as Vice
President, has been elected to the Presidency of
the Society, in the place of the late W. L. Schaffer,
Esq., whose death we recorded some time since.

Chrysanthemums at the New York Show. —
Mr. Gerald Howatt gives the Country Geriileman
some account of the Chrysanthemum Show at
the recent Fair of the American Institute, from
which we take the following, as giving some
points in comparison with the plants exhibited in
Philadelphia, of which we gave some account in
our last. Following are some of the most prom-
inent standards, grown in 10 and 12-inch pots,
height of stem measured from surface of pot :

"Empress of Modii — White ; stock, 2 ft. 9 in. ;
head of flowers, 2 ft. 9 in. diameter. Hermoine —
Yellow ; stock, 2 ft. 10 in. ; head 2 ft. diameter.
Duchess of Edinburgh — Stock, 2 ft. 10 in. ; head,

2 It. ; flesh color. Mrs. Prindell — White ; stock,

3 ft. 6 in. ; head 2 ft. diameter. Beauty — Flesh ;
stock, 3 ft. 6 in. ; head, 2 ft. Venica — Flesh ;
stock, 3 ft. 6 in. ; head, 2 ft. 4 in. diameter. Ful-
gore — Crimson ; stock, 4 ft. 6 in. ; head 2 ft. 4 in.
diameter. Orange Beauty — Orange ; stock, 2 ft.
6 in. ; head, 2 ft. 6 in. diameter. Sir B. Seymour —
Orange; stock, 2 ft. 10 in.; head, 2 ft. 6 in.
diameter. Mrs. C. L. A/ien-Vink; stock, 3 ft. ;
head, 3 ft. diameter. Grandifloruin — Yellow ;
stock, 2 ft. 6 in. ; head, 3 ft. diameter. President
Parkman — Pink; stock, 3 ft.; head, 3ft. diameter.
California — Yellow ; stock, 2 ft. ; head, 3 ft. di-
ameter. Venus — Pink; stock, 3 ft,; head, 3 ft.
diameter."

Massachusetts Horticultural Society.—
The meeting on December 14th, though including
the usual wide range of exhibits, was emphatic-
ally the Chrysanthemum Show. A correspondent
kindly furnishes us with a list of the persons who
obtained the premiums, but unfortunately there
are few details that are likely to be of more gene-
ra! interest. In Dr. Walcott's collection there ap-
pears to have been seventy-five distinct varieties;
in E. A. Wood's, sixty-nine ; in Col. Wilder's,
fifty four ; from which it would appear that a great
number of varieties are grown in collections about
Boston. La Charmeuse is given as the name of
the variety that obtained the premium as the best
single specimen of a Japanese variety.

The only description of the e.\hibits as furnished
to us is, that the plants were " remarkably fine,"
"most excellent," and "more magnificent than
ever before." The foreign grapes exhibited were
"fine," and the pears were "fine," while some
Northern Spy and Tompkins County King apples
were "excellent." The celery had "fine roots,"
while the large potatoes on exhibition came from
the use of somebody's "patent fertilizer." Unfor-
tunately for our readers we fear these terms will
have no very precise meaning, and we have to
regret, that it is all we can give of what appears to
have been a grand and very useful exhibition.

THE

"^ CI B. ,

A/ 5;

W V^'

Gardeners' Monthly

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE. ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXVII.

FEBRUARY, 1885.

Number 314.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

There is much written about planting in fall or
planting in spring ; about planting large trees or
small trees ; about pruning, grafting, or the gen-
eral management of trees above ground ; but
about the tree beneath the ground few people
know much. We are taught about the tree ; but
about the earth which is to sustain the tree, how
little do we know ? So much however depends
on soil culture, that a few seasonable hints on this
topic will not be thrown away.

We read of the wonderful success of the English
gardeners with Rhododendrons, and other "Ameri-
can plants," in which are included a large number
of the Ericaceae or Heath family, and we are apt
to attribute it to the moisture of their climate,
which is undoubtedly favorable to the success of
evergreens of all kinds ; but when we remember
that these plants are all natives of our country,
the suspicion naturally arises, that it cannot be
wholly to the atmospheric conditions that their
success is due, — nor is it, — but it is rather to
the great attention which is there paid to the
proper culture of the soil. All plants require air
and moisture for their roots, and when these roots
are of a delicate, hair-like nature, extra care has
to be expended in order to supply these conditions.
If the water remains long in the soil, there will be

no air there. The earth must be porous for the
water to run rapidly away. On the other hand
the earth must be of such a character that, though
j the air is permitted to pass through, moisture will
be retained. A soil that is perfect for these hair-
rooted plants, may be called a spongy soil, and
yet of such a character that water can scarcely be
pressed out of it. Now those who grow Rhodo-
dendrons and Azaleas in the old world, would
never think of planting in stiff soil, but they go to
great pains to get the soil just as they need it for
the success of the plants. It is no uncommon
thing for the earth for the American bed to be
brought fifty or even a hundred miles. The writer
has seen peat soil for the Rhododendron beds
brought in vessels and unloaded at the docks like
loads of coal. If the grower wanted these plants
he would not say : My soil is limestone and Rho-
dodendrons will not grow in that ; but he digs out
the limestony earth to a depth of two feet, and
supplies its place with the peat, and thus he over-
comes the natural antipathy of the earth. Peat is
very good, it is so full of air and spongy, but it is
by no means essential. Anything that will give
an open, porous, spongy soil answers the same
purpose. The writer has seen the Rhododendron
growing as well in a pile of quarry refuse— the
broken, useless stone, — after some manure has been
placed in it, as he has ever seen in a bed of peat

34

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

In fact where peaty soil cannot be had, broken
stone or gravel, or anything that will keep the soil
aerated and moist, will do nearly as well.

And the lesson is good for all trees, as well as
for Heaths, Andromedas, Kalmias, Rhododendrons,
and such like trees and shrubs. Nothing likes to I
have water about its feeding roots, but insists on
having air. Take a tree which grows in or nearly
in water, in a state of nature, as a Cypress, an
Alder, or Gum tree, and plant it in a swamp, it
will not grow, or do very poorly, if at all. Natur-
ally, it is only the few larger members of the tap
root class that go straight down into the swamp.
The feeding roots keep at the surface, through the
moss or in the spaces that are moist always but
never wet. But in planting we bury the roots of
all kinds beneath the water where the air is not.
So, if we want to plant a tree in a swamp we bring
earth, or throw it up in a hillock, and plant the tree
above the level of the swampy surface, and let
it send its roots down of its own sweet will. The
writer profited by this knowledge in his attempts
to cultivate the Mammoth tree of California. When
in California himself, he saw that these giants of
the forest were originally swamp trees, though
through the course of ages the localities had dried
somewhat. Hitherto the trees in the East had
been planted on ordinary garden ground, except
a few in a moist ravine on the grounds of EUwanger
& Barry, at Rochester, New York. On the writer's
return from California, trees were planted in a
swamp so soft that a horse that once wandered
into it could be barely got out alive. But the
manner of planting was by getting a barrel, taking
out the bottom, planting it in the swamp so that
a foot or two was above the level, and earth filled
in. On these elevations the Mammoth trees were
planted, and they have grown like willows. By
the time the barrels- rot away, the surface roots
will themselves find a way to creep over the sur-
face soil. Many good gardeners who have wanted
to plant trees on wet ground often ridge the earth,
or throw it up into mounds and plant on them —
on the ground in some sense, instead of beneath
it — and then have surprising success.

Not only for trees and shrubs, but for flowers
and plants of every kind, the first essential of
success is an aerated spongy soil. This is often
naturally the case ; but when not so, nothing is
usually more easy than to make it so. Even piles
of corn stalks, brushwood, or similar material,
buried deep in the soil, will often help to keep a
flower bed or bed of shrubbery open and porous
when nothing better is at hand.

COMMUNICATIONS.

LOPHOSPERMUM SCANDENS.
BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

The climbing or ^candent Lophospermum,
Lophospermum scandens, is a very interesting half-
hardy perennial climbing plant belonging to the
natural order Scrophulariaceas. It is a plant of
vigorous growth, attaining a height of from twelve
to sixteen feet, having cordate ovate pointed
leaves which are clothed with soft spreading vis-
cid hairs, and the beautiful rosy purple foxglove-
like flowers are produced in the greatest profusion
during the plant's season of growth. This variety
is considered by all to be the best of the Lophos-
permums, and as its roots are thick and fleshy it
can on this account be easily kept over during
the winter season. It is a native of Mexico from
whence it was introduced in 1835, having been
raised from seed by Mr. Shepard, of the Liverpool
Botanical Gardens.

This Lophospermum is a plant easily cultivated.
In the flower border it delights in an airy sunny
situation, a deep, well enriched soil, and an occa-
sional watering during seasons of drought. Sup-
port should be given the plants before they com-
mence to run, and care must be taken as to train-
ing the young and tender shoots. If all is well,
and the plants were strong and healthy when
planted out, they will commence to flower about
the first of July and continue until frost. In the
flower garden it will be found to be of great
value for training up trellises, lattice work, etc.,
and it is equally as valuable for greenhouse culti-
vation.

When grown as a greenhouse or window gar-
den plant, young plants should be obtained about
the middle of June and potted into three-inch pots,
using ordinary potting soil. As soon as the pots
become well filled with roots shift into five-inch
pots; at the same time pinch back all the leading
shoots and continue this re-potting and pinching
back until the first of September, when the plants
should be brought inside and placed in their res-
pective positions. By this time one will have
nice, compact, well rooted specimens, which if
given a light sunny situation and an average tem-
perature of 55°, with an occasional application of
liquid manure water, will reward us with bloom
in profusion. Inside, the plants should be syringed
occasionally, at the same time slightly fumigated
with tobacco in order to destroy the green fly, to
which pest the plant is unfortunately very subject.

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

35

The next season the plants can be well cut in and
planted out in the flower border and given the
treatment advised for young plants. It seems al-
most superfluous to remark that young plants
, must be prepared for another winter's bloom.
Propagation can be easily effected by cuttings of
the half-ripened wood at any time ; also by seeds
which are best sown early in March. Sow thinly
and cover slightly in a well drained pot or pan of
light loamy soil, and place it in any warm moist
situation as near the glass as possible. As soon
as the young plants are strong enough to handle
pot them off" into three-inch pots, keeping them
close and moist until well established, then grad-
ually expose to the open air and plant out when
all danger of frost is over.

When grown as a pot plant ordinary potting
soil will answer very well, but it is essential that
the pot be well drained.

The generic name is derived from " lophos,"
crest, and " sperma" seed, in allusion to the fact
of the seeds being furnished with a crested wing ;
and the specific name alludes to the climbing or
scandent habit or growth of the plant.

Queens, N. Y.

PLANTING LARGE TREES.

BY FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED.

of

Ten years ago more than a hundred trees
considerable size (from 20 to 50 inches in girth, or
about I foot in diameter on an average), were
transplanted on the Capitol grounds. They were
not in a thrifty condition, and to adapt them to
removal their roots were all cut off at a distance
not greater in any case than ji'A feet from the
trunk. Their branches were also closely short-
ened-in, reducing their heads to from one to two-
thirds their original size. It was considered a
question whether the trees would retain enough of
vital energy to survive, and the operation was
often referred to for some years afterwards as an
injudicious and disastrous one. It is therefore
desirable that attention should be called to the
results as now to be observed.

The condition of two of the trees was regarded
at the time as especially hazardous, and these were
placed where in case of failure their absence would
not be important.

After three years they were still living, and
promising to live, but not to flourish; they there-
fore were felled.

Of the remainder no tree has died as the result
of the removal, and those that have escaped serious

injury from causes not connected with the removal
are all now living and in a thriving condition. In
general, their heads are much larger as well as
much denser than they had been before they were
shortened-in, and they are growing more rapidly
than before their removal. Their rate of growth
is also more rapid than that of trees on the ground
of corresponding species and age, that have not
been removed ; the reason being that the soil of the
latter could not be thoroughly improved without lift-
ing them.

To more distinctly present the degree in which
the operation has been successful, twenty of these
transplanted trees have been measured, selecting
those which, because of their size or other circum-
stances, presented the greater difficulties. The
measurements are given below, and supply indices
of the present thrift of the trees. Similar measure-
ments are also given of trees of numerous sorts
obtained from commercial nurseries, or from the
indigenous woods near. Washington ; these when
removed having been generally small saplings.

Trees of the list A (below) were moved by
machine in the fall and spring of l875-'76 and
(except a few of the smaller, taken from the
Botanic Garden) from a thin soil on a stiff clay
subsoil to a prepared soil and subsoil (described
page 1 5 of the Report of the Architect of the Capi-
tol for 1882). Those from the Botanic Garden were
from better soil and more sheltered positions.

The machine used is described and pictured in
the Report on Forestry, prepared under the direc-
tion of the Commissioner of Agriculture, pursuant
to an act of Congress, approved August 15, 1876,
pages 84, 85. The roots of all were cut to "balls"
(not frozen), generally of a diameter of 8 feet, none
larger. Their heads were shortened-in fully one-
third, in some cases two-thirds. Since transplant-
ing they have been several times lightly top-
dressed and, in periods of severe drought, have
been watered. They have had fully the usual
struggle with vermin, and most of the elms have
this year been denuded of foliage.

Trees of the list B, except as stated, were planted
1876-77. They had been obtained from commer-
cial nurseries, largely of Washington and Balti-
more, and when planted were saplings from half
an inch to an inch and a half in thickness of stem
and 3 to 6 feet in height. Those noted as " wild "
were obtained from woods near Washington, and
several of these being injured or stunted were, the
second year, cut to the stumps, and the present
growth is from the ground since planting.

In the column "girth " the circumference of the

36

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

tree is given at 2 feet from the ground ; in that of most twigs of the tree ; in that 01 " sweep," distance
" height," distance from the ground of the upper- between opposite outer twigs ; in that of " shoots "

Common Name.

White Kim

English "

Wahoo "

White Oak

Willow "

Pin •'

Royal "

Sugar Maple

Norway "

tcarlet "
ilver •'

Box Elder

American Beech

Plane

Linden

White Ash

Madeira Nut

American Holly. ,
Horse Chestnut..

f

a

1

a

0

/ //

w

-

Ss

X

1

//

1 n

5 10

.'".I

6

47

0

3 1

5 11

OH

«

42

0

1 3

6 .5

til

0

3.5

0

1 11

6 9

fiO

0

42

u

2 5

4 2

42

0

4.S

(1

2 9

4 7

Til

0

27

0

1 3

3 4

40

0

2fi

0

1 8

3 7

;«

(1

30

0

1 3

3 9

28

0

3fi

0

2 6

2 7

38

0

32

0

0 10

3 2

35

0

27

0

1 0

3 1

31

0

33

0

0 11

3 1

34

0

30

(1

1 4

4 3

4S

•0

39

0

2 6

3 U

K

II

42

0

2 5

2 3

30

0

24

0

1 8

3 10

40

0

3,S

0

3 2

4 4

42

0

42

0

1 1

4 9

4S

0

32

0

1 9

4 1

.32

0

3:1

0

1 7

2 4

17

«

1.S

0

0 8

5.2

36

0

.30

u

0 7

Observations.

Ulmus Aiuericanus. Upright, 5 feet ; lateral, 8 feet.
Upright, 8 feet ; lateral, 12 feet.
" Upright, 10 feet; lateral. 14 feet.

" campestris. Upright, 8 feet ; lateral, 12 feet.
" alata. B. G. Upright, 15 feet; lateral, 13 feet.
Q,uercus alba. Upright, 9 feet; lateral. 10 feet.

" Phellos, trimmed to a pole. Upright, 18 ft.; lateral, 16.
" palustris. B. G. Upright, 10 feet; lateral, 10 feet.
" robur. B. G. Lateral, 14 feet.
Acer saccharinura. Upright, 0 feet ; lateral, 7 feet 6 inches.
" " Upright, 13 feet ; lateral, 8 feet.

" platanoides. Upright, 12 feet ; lateral, 10 feet,
'' rubrum.

"' dasycarpum. Upright, 18 feet ; lateral, 19 feet.
Negundo aceroides. B. G. Upright, ly feet; lateral, 13 feet.
Fagus ferruginoa. Upright, 16 feet; lateral, 6 feet.
Platanus orientalis. B. G. Upright, 18 feet; lateral, 14 feet.
Tilia Europaea. Upright, 5 feet ; lateral, 7 feet.
Fraxinus Americana.

Juglans regia. B. G. Upright, 6 feet ; lateral, 6 feet.
Ilex opaca. Heavily fruiting.

.^sculus Hypocastaneum. This was one of two Horse Chest-
nuts near together. That originally the larger was not moved,
and is now the smaller in girth, height and breadth.

B

Common Name.

American Elm

Cork Elm ".'.'.'.'.'.'.

Planera

Over-cup O.ak

Chestnut '*

Spanish *'

Willow "

Royal "

Scarlet Maple

Field "

14 4(

White Ash...!'.'/.!!!!

Coffee Tree!!!!!!!!!!!
Oriental Plane

Tulip

Yellow wood

American Chestnut..

Shingle Oak

Norway Maple

Sycamore "

Sugar "

Buckeye

Turkey Oak

American Hornbeam

Persimmon

Oleaster

Angelica

Christ's Thorn

Cucumber

Yellow Cucumber

Great-leaved "

Sassafras

Osage Orange

Catalpa

Golden Cat ilpa ,

Japan ■*

Cedrela ,

Dogwood ,

Redbuil

Swcft Gum

Lime

Scotch Birch

+3

7S

tx

<i;

^

O

1

n

05

/ //

1 II

3 4

.3fi

0

24 0

2 10

24

0

30 0

2 9

29

fi

26 0

2 1

22

0

24 0

1 8

ftT

0

15 0

1 4

20

0

21 0

2 0

27

0

15 0

3 1

30

0

36 0

2 5

27

0

25 0

3 4

28

0

36 0

2 5

28

0

27 0

2 1

27

0

24 0

2 7

19

0

18 0

3 10

24

0

24 0

2 8

24

0

IS 0

1 11

23

0

21 0

1 5

2i

0

24 0

3 5

43

0

41 0

3 3

42

0

40 0

2 1

20

0

21 0

1 0

20

0

24 0

1 8

21

0

17 5

2 5

17

fi

13 0

3 7

42

0

.33 0

2 11

;«

0

27 0

3 7

3fi

0

41 0

4 10

44

0

.33 0

1 9

18

0

14 0

1 6

20

0

14 0

1 2

17

0

2 9

22

0

24 0

SK

10

0

6 0

1 3

13

0

15 0

1 2

l.i

0

10 0

1 7

10

0

15 0

10

13

0

7 0

1 6

17

0

15 0

1 h

20

n

30 0

2 0

19

0

24 0

2 8

23

0

24 0

2 4

29

0

22 0

1 7

27

fi

6 0

1 6

12

0

15 0

2 2

14

0

24 0

1 9

23

0

17 0

2 2

22

0

21 0

1 7

•m

0

18 0

2 10
1 7

0 8

1 8
1 1
1 6

1 6

2 0
1 3
1 10

2 3
2 3

1 7

2 0
1 10
8 6
1 0

0 0

0 10

1 11

1 4

2 9
2 0
0 4

2 3

1 5

1 5

1 5

1 8

o'io

2 0

3 0

Observations.

1 8

Ulmus Americanus.

" campestris.

" suberosa.

Planera aquatica. Upright growth, 15 feet.

Quercus macrocarpa.

" Prinos,

" falcata.

" Phellos.

" robur.

Acer rubrum.
" campestre.

Fraxinus Americana,

Gymnocladus Canadensis.

Platanus orientalis. Pennsylvania circle ; imported, 1877.

Upright ; 30 feet,
l.iriodcndrnn tulipifcra.
Cladraslis tinctoria.

(^ijstaiica vi'sca. Upright ; 10 feet ; wild.
Ciuercii^ iiiil>rii-:tria. Damaged plant; recovering.
Acer |p|at;uioi.lr^. Upright, S Icel ; latcr.al, 4 feet ; 1876.
" rsciidu|ilat:uuis. U|iriglit, 6 feet ; lateral, 4 feet ; 1876.
" Maccharinuni. Upriglit, 6 feet ; later.il, 6 feet 6 inches,
.^^sculus glabra. Upright, 4 feet ; lateral, 6 feet ; 1876.
Q,ucrcus C'crris.
Carpinvis Betulns.

Dyospyru.s V^irginiana. Stump; wild growth from ground.
Eljcagnus hortiaisis. ^

Aralia spinosa.

Zizyphus vulgaris. Loaded with fruit.
Magnolia acuminata. Planting height, 4 feet.

" cordata. P];inting heiglit, 3 feet.

" macrophylla.

Sassafras officinalis. Wild.
Maclur.a :inranti.'vca.
Catali)a bignonoidcs.

" " Var. aurca.

*' Kaiinpieri.
Cedrehi sinensis. Lower laterals rcmovc<l.
('ornns florida. Stiunp; wild.
Orcis Canadensis. 1870.

Lii^uidandiar styracillua. Wild; upright, 19 feet ; 1870.
Tilui Kuropa^a.
Betula alba. Upright, 21 feet ; 1878.

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

37

measurement of shoots of this year's growth at ends
of lateral branches (usually the trees are well-bal-
anced and, except elms, symmetrical). The entire
upright growth and "lateral" growth on one
side in ten years after planting from limbs then
stumped is given where observed. In the last
column " B. G." means from the Botanic Gar-
den. The measurements given were made 14th
15th and i6th of September, 1884. Measure-
ments are in feet, or in feet and inches.

[We give the above from a recent report of the
Architect of the Capitol at Washington, as an ex-
tremely interesting commentary on the prevalent
opinion, industriously fostered in some quarters,
that there is any serious difficulty in getting large
trees to grow. In this part of the world an exper-
ience of thirty years has shown that it is not neces-
sary for even the expense of the " ball of earth "
cared for in the Washington experiments. The
transplanter commences four or five feet from the
trunk, gets all the roots he can, and carries as little
earth as possible. A cart is placed up against the
tree, the shafts lashed to the trunk, a rope attached
to the top of the tree, and the axle serving as a
prop for the lever, a ton or two of tree is easily
lifted. A horse is attached to the tail end of the
cart, and, root foremost, the tree is hauled and
dropped into the hole prepared for it. A tree, by
this plan, 25 or 30 feet high, and with a trunk three
or four feet in circumference, can be dug, taken a
mile and replanted for about $25, and more safely,
we think here, than by the ball method. — Ed.G. M.]

Myosotis Eliza Ganrobert. — Mr. F. E. Mc-
Allister, of New York, calls our attention to this
remarkable variety of P"orget-me-not. The flowers
are in a certain sense double, having double the
number of lobes to the corolla that is usual in this
family. The flower is from a quarter of an inch to
a half inch across. From the description we

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Worms in a Rose-bed. — A reader. New Jer-
sey, says : " I send enclosed in this a sample of
worm that is very troublesome to me in the green-
house, on the benches covered with soil. It de-
stroys the roots of plants in pots, particularly
geraniums. Thinking that you might possibly
know of a remedy I address you. I have been an
interested reader of your Monthly for over two
years, and have in that time been repaid, ten times
over, the price paid for it, and would not now do
without it if it were to be obtained at any price
within reach of a gardener."

[The creatures were small centipedes, and are
not known to be specially injurious to vegetation.
They make trouble sometimes by keeping soil dis-
turbed. Watering with clear lime-water will get
rid of them, and be no injury to the plants. —
Ed. G. M.l

Myosotis Eliza Ganrobert.

should judge it would be a very desirable addi-
tion to our garden flowers, and be a particular
favorite with those who desire to grow flowers for
cutting purposes. Like almost all of the Forget-
me-nots, it is of a beautiful blue. In foreign
catalogues it appears under the formidable name
of Myosotis alpestris, grandiflora, robusta, &c.

Japan Irises. — A correspondent says; " I like
the Japan Irises. 1 have some seedlings of im-
mense size, and with almost full double flowers,
nearly 8 inches in diameter. They please me
much. But you have no doubt the new named
varieties, if not choice seedlings of your own. The
first ones that 1 tried did not strike me as anything
very great, but in the past two or three years I
have changed my mind in regard to this class of
Iris."

Prop.\gating Roses. — "Carrie B.," Pittsburgh,

38

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

Pa., asks : ■' Gan you tell me how to raise plants
of a rose we value very much ? We know noth-
ing of grafting or budding, but suppose the plant
can be raised from slips, though some put in last
year did not grow."

[Sometimes cuttings of wood taken before the
leaves push, planted in a shady place, but not a
dry place, will grow, but more certainly if planted
in fall and kept from severe frost. Most lady
gardeners, who have no greenhouse, would put

these pots of autumn planted rose cuttings in a
room window, and get them to do very well.
Some amateurs have excellent success by taking
the young growth when half mature, and placing
them in saucers of mushy sand, and setting them
in the full sun. Half ripened wood is generally
relied on by florists for rose propagation. If the
plants have been grown under glass, cuttings
from them seem to root more easily than when
grown wholly in the open air. — Ed. G. M.]

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Plant culture, as an art, has scarcely kept pace
with other departments of gardening. A fine, and
really well grown specimen plant, is too frequently
the work of time or circumstances, rather than the
plant-grower's skill. Very few persons, indeed,
start out deliberately to grow a good specimen
plant ; and, indeed, the knowledge of the great
pleasure there is in good plant growing, has been
nearly lost to mankind. The plant growers of
the last generation had much more of these horti-
cultural pleasures than we. Perhaps they overdid
the thing, and the lampooners got alter them and
destroyed the whole thing. It was, indeed, a rare
old sight to see the old plant grower's potting shed.
There were as many compartments for all sorts of
special soils and manures as drawers and boxes
in an apothecary's shop, and the prescriptions for
successful plant growing were no less curiosities —
an eighth of this, a sixteenth of the other, a thirty-
second of something else, with perhaps a pinch of
some soil condiment and a shake of another, like
salt and pepper in the old cook books, set forth
the essential conditions of success. It was all too
good to be true, to the more careless moderns.
Now, they get any sort of earth, put a little manure
and sand to lighten it ; and this is potting soil. If
any plant likes it, well and good; if not, in the
classical language of the school-yard, they may
"lump if," and this is the end of all. But there is
no doubt that all plants have peculiar tastes,
which we may pander to if we will that they
should do their best. Some have a sweet tooth
for goodies, and others prefer what a good set of

molars could prepare. Some call for cafe /ait,
others for ca/i noir ; here one expects a puree of
something or another, while the other can be put
off with corn beef and potatoes without a sigh. Of
course you can grow a plant in "any good soil"
as the flower books tell us, but the plant grower
will find what it pays in pleasure to remember, that
they have odd whims a"nd queer fancies as well as
other living things ; and as with other living
things, we get the most out of them when we
humor them.

In the potting of plants there is much to study
as well as in the soil. Plants like it fresh — that is,
fresh soil. To grow a plant well we must pot it
often. If we put a small plant into a large pot,
ten to one the leaves will get yellow after awhile,
unless the plant be some rank growing, weedy
thing. The roots rot — that is, the feeding roots
rot — gardeners say, the soil sours. To guard
against this, as soon as the little pot is full of roots,
it is put into a larger one — one but just large
enough to get a little more earth between the old
ball and the new pot. In a few weeks we go at
it again, and so we continue every few weeks, so
that before the season is over a plant that started
in a 3-inch pot finds itself in a six or more, and
when it is so grown manure water does not hurt
the plant; it rather enjoys and laughs over it. We
cannot do this with the little plant in the large pot;
manure water then makes the sour soil still sourer,
and the end soon comes. Oh ! how glorious used
to be the old-fashioned Pelargoniums— Martha
Washington we believe is the American name —
grown on some such plan as we have dotted out.
Plants in six months two feet high and two feet

1885.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

39

thick, with leaves as large as saucers, dark and
glossy, and the earliest one keeping green till the
last flowers had blown — hundreds of flowers on
each single plant. Shall we never see these times
again ? We think we shall see these famous times
again. Gardening, as an art, is inseparable from
the best advances of man. The love of beauty —
the love of flowers, is one thing — but mere cold,
passive, receptive love, is but half the pleasure of
life. To create and shape the beauty we admire,
is the full measure of earthly happiness. Pygma-
lion of ancient story had possibly more pleasure
in the statue he made, and to which Venus gave
life in order to please his enthusiasm, than any of
us ever took in the grandest picture gallery in
the world.

COMMUNICATIONS.

CULTIVATION OF THE CYCLAMEN.
BY MARTIN J. EDMONDS.

Cyclamen Persicum and its varieties can be
raised from seed with the greatest ease by sowing
them early. Latter part of January or February
1 think is about the best time to sow. Purchase
a packet or two of seed from a reliable seedsman,
of a good strain, and you will have all sorts of
different shades of color, from a pure white to the
deepest red, and spotted. The soil 1 use for seed-
lings is good loam, mixed with a fair share of
sharp sand. Sow in a seed pan, well drained, and
cover about a quarter of an inch deep; water
them and stand them in a gentle heat. Where
they stand must be clear from slugs. The best
way to guard against these is to take a seed pan
of a larger size, make it water tight, fill it with
water, invert a flower pot in the center, the bottom
just above the water, and stand your seed pan on
it ; then perhaps you will have good seed and not
bad. It often happens that the small leaf which
appears at night has disappeared in the morning
— not damped off, but devoured by slugs. As
soon as the seedlings are large enough to handle,
pot them in small pots, and cover them about half
an inch deep. Water them as often as they need
it, and shift into a larger pot when required. A
four-inch pot is large enough to bloom them in.
If they are well taken care of they will bloom in
about ten to fifteen months. If large strong corms
are desired for future blooming, pinch off the seed
pods as soon as the flower drops. After they have
done blooming, water them more sparingly till
they go to rest naturally, and then stow them

away in some cool and airy place free from sun
and rain, until the time comes to re-pot and start
them again. I pot all I have the latter end of
August or the beginning of September. Shake
all the earth from them, and pot according to the
size of the corm. A five-inch pot is large enough
for the largest corm, so long as there is room
enough to pass your finger between corm and pot.
Old corms 1 do not care to cover, especially where
the crown is the shape of a hollow crowned pars-
nip. Stand them on a board outside in the shade
till they begin to grow, or till there is danger of
frost, and then remove them to a shelf in the
greenhouse, near the glass where they will get
plenty of air. As soon as they begin to show
their flowers give them some liquid manure, every
other watering, and then you will have more
flowers than leaves. If they are wanted to bloom
earlier than January, place them in stronger heat,
but 45° at night and 50° by day is hot enough till
they show their flower buds. The above is my
treatment, but it may not suit every one. The se-
cret 1 believe, if there is any, is the drying off and
the rest they receive. If any manure is used, use
it sparingly, and make up for the deficiency with
manure water. Where they are grown by the
thousand, and a house is devoted to them, they
are very easily grown. There has been much
improvement, both in size and number of flowers,
made in late years by hybridizers. A plant a few
years ago with two or three dozen blooms upon it
was considered good, now they are commonly
seen with a hundred. Card, to J. McCreery, Esq.,
Inwood-on-the-Hudson, N. Y.
[Read before the N. Y. Horticultural Society.]

A REMEDY FOR ROSE MILDEW IN
GREENHOUSES.

BY A. VEITCH.

Perhaps the florist has few more subtile enemies
to contend against than mildew, and for this reason
much has been written upon the subject, both as
regards its prevention and its cure. But as it is
one of those visitants which " walketh in darkness"
and makes no sign where the next point of attack
shall be, even the most viratchful frequently suffers
much loss before remedial measures can be applied ;
and even these, when applied, do not always prove
an unmixed good.

For years past I have been familiar with a num-
ber of remedies for this disease and believe that
several of them may be advantageously applied,
but it is only recently that a cure that is safe.

40

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

simple and efficacious, has come to my knowledge.
Sulphur, as is well known, kills mildew, but its
application is not infrequently attended with dis-
astrous results; and just how to prevent this lies
the merit of the remedy we recommend. It con-
sists of sulphur and linseed oil mixed to the con-
sistency of paint and brushed on the flues or hot
water pipes. In this state it can be freely used
without hurt to the most delicate foliage ; but how
the oil neutralizes the scorching quality of the
sulphur without weakening its power to kill the
parasite is more than I can explain, but I do
know that it has this effect, and therefore may be
relied upon as a safe remedy for this troublesome
pest. New Haven, Conn., Dec. 31st, 1884.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

CYCLAMEN FLOWERS.

BY GEO. C. BUTZ.

Cyclamens will soon throw up their pleasant
flowers that droop their heads in modesty and
blush to the tips of their lengthened ears, as if
conscious of their own admired beauty. It may
not be amiss to call attention, at this time, to a
well-known fact in the physiology of flowers, which
I found to be quite marked in the case of Cycla-
mens. That is, if flowers are fertilized, either
naturally or artificially, the strength going to the
flower is entirely utilized in developing the ovary
and ovules ; and consequently the minor parts,
generally those possessing beauty, wither or fall
away in a very short time after such fertilization.

On the 5th of February last I selected a number
of good flowers of Cyclamen Persicum, all of which
had opened the previous day, labeling them in three
divisions. Of the first division the flowers were all
carefully fertilized ; those of the second I immedi-
ately deprived of stamens and stigmas, to make fer-
tilization impossible ; those of the third were left
undisturbed. On February iSththe corollas of the
flowers in the first division had all fallen ; those of
the third were gone by the 20th inst. ; while those
of the second division did not begin to fade until
March loth. Because of the favorable position of
stigma and stamens every flower is more or less
fertilized, although not always maturing seed. As
a matter of fact, the pods of the first division above
matured an average of sixteen seeds, while those of
the third division, only five.

It is no trouble, considering the great economy
in beauty, to take a pin and break away the
anthers as soon as the flowers open. Thus, we can
prolong the life of the individual flowers to twice
the length of their natural existence.

Painting Hot-water Pipes with Gas Tar. —
No one who reads the Gardeners' Monthly
paints the pipes with gas tar; but there are some
who have not this good fortune, and they, after
getting into trouble, worry our readers to help
them out. Hitherto no successful remedy has
been known, but to take down the pipes and burn
out the enemy. This will scarcely do on a cold
night. As well leave the creosotic fumes to do the
work as Jack Frost. But in the Old World they
have unlucky people who cannot subscribe to hor-
ticultural periodicals — as well as here. One of
them got into trouble, and this is what a corres-
pondent of the Gardeners' Chronicle advises in
regard thereto : " I think Mr. Bishop will be able
to remove the tar from his hot-water pipes by first
coating them with muriatic acid, or with vitriol
diluted in water, and then afterwards washing
them with water. It would be the best plan to
wash them with a brush, as great care must be
taken that none of the mixture touches the hands."

A Chicago Orchid Grower. — The Eastern
States are not alone in the love of these curious
flowers. Mr. Chadwick of the Board of Brokers
of Chicago has a very fine collection, which forms
the pastime of his leisure hours.

Panax Victoria. — When our English cousins
find a new plant in the general order of things,
they name it in honor of collector, the owner, or
some well-known cultivator, botanist, or patron of
gardening. When there is some more especial
feature of admiration they look around for some
military hero, like Wellington, or some member
of a royal house, to give more honor, as they
think, to the fortunate find. When the great
water lily of the Amazon was discovered, only the
name of Victoria could distinguish it ; and Vic-
torise has been the specific name of a number of
things supposed to be several degrees above their
fellows. In introducing this plant Mr. Bull has
again taken a liberty with the name of his sover-
eign, and given us the plant we now illustrate as
Panax Victoriae. How he feels justified in this
appellation we may gather from his own descrip-
tion, which wc here append :

"This is a distinct and very graceful stove
plant, thickly furnished with leaves of a remarka-
bly elegant character, forming a dense plumy
gracefully recurving mass of pleasingly variegated
foliage. The leaf-blade is ternate or almost pin-

I885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

41

nate, the lateral leaflets forked or trifid, the upper 1 one of the most lovely and elegant variegated

and terminal one larger, simpleTiovate, the edge plants of modern introduction."

lobed'andlpi nosel y toothed, and having the border We may add that Panax belongs to the same

prettily margined with white, which gives the
plant a remarkably hvely and pictorial character.
It is a native of the South Pacific Islands, and is

family as the Aralia of our woods, of which the
.'\ngelica tree. Ginseng, and other plants, are mem-
bers, all of which have very ornamental foliage,

42

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

and are popular in some of the better specimens
of landscape gardening. Where the winters are
severe it will no doubt be classed as a cool green-
house plant, but will be excellently well adapted
for what is known as sub-tropical summer garden-
ing.

The Chrysanthemum Disease. — Of late years
a disease has attacked Chrysanthemums, which
seriously detracts from the pleasure of their cul-
ture. The leaves are attacked by a fungus in
early summer, and by autumn there are but few
leaves left on the lower portions of the plants, the
flower stems are weak, and proportionately small.
Mr. Worthington G. Smith finds the fungus to be
one closely allied to the famous grape mildew,
and that it is the Oidium Chrysanthemi of Raben-
horst. As figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle,
magnified four hundred times, the plant is up-
right, in three or five segments, representing a
link of sausages, the topmost one of which is
shorter and thicker than the one next to and at-
tached to the Chrysanthemum. As sulphur was
found to be of so much value in the grape mil-
dew, it may be of equal service here.

On the Cultivation of Chrysanthemums.
— Like the greater part of herbaceous plants of
this class they are tenacious of life, and easily
grown ; but if they are to be cultivated well, a
regular system of management is necessary.
After the flowering season is past, and the old
stems cut down, the plants should be removed
from the greenhouse or conservatory and placed
in a cold frame, when thev are merely protected
from severe frost. Here they should have plenty
of air, and on fine days the lights should be drawn
quite off and the plants fully exposed. When the
winter is mild they will stand very well unpro-
tected, but owing to their having been grown and
excited in the greenhouse they are more apt to
suffer from severe weather afterwards than if they
had been planted out in the open air; foi; this rea-
son it is always better to have the means of giving
them some slight protection.

We saw some magnificent plants in the present
season which had produced flowers last year; the
stems had been cut down and the old plants
treated as described above. They were taken
into the greenhouse this autumn, just as they had
been left at the end of the previous season, with-
out any repotting, and then manured once a week
with manure water, made by dissolving a tea-
spoonful of sulphate ammonia in a gallon of rain
water. The plants were strong, ])roduced beau-

tiful bright green foliage and splendid blooms,
equal to any that had been raised from newly
planted cuttings taken in June this year. Chrys-
anthemums are very gross feeding plants, but
they will not stand much surface-manuring until
the pots are well filled with roots, when they may
be watered with liquid manure twice or thrice a
week, according to circumstances.

Where exposed fully to the sun's rays they re-
quire a very abundant supply of water, which
ought never to be neglected, otherwise the under-
leaves fall off, and the plants become unsightly.
Liquid drainings from cattle sheds (diluted with
water), sheep droppings dissolved in rain water, a
teaspoonful of guano, sulphate ammonia, or ni-
trate of soda dissolved in a gallon of rain water,
or a handful of soot to a gallon of water — any of
these will be found of great service for surface
watering of chrysanthemums. The soil employed
for the growth of these plants can scarcely be too
rich ; about equal parts of loam, stable-dung, leaf-
mould, and sand, make an excellent material for
their culture. — Gardeners' Chronicle.

Hot-water Pipes. — Having for a number of
years studied the question of economically heating
incubators and chambers for hatching germs, I
have Deen obliged to give a great deal of attention
to the subject of boilers and hot-water pipes. The
experience gained was always in favor of a reduc-
tion of the quantity of water and an increase of
heating surface. Working on in this direction I
arrived at the result of a half annular pipe instead
of the usual system of annular piping. These

Half-annular.

Annular.

A

half annular or " crescent " pipes, as 1 have called
them, are somewhat on the principle of a saddle
boiler, and the small heating apparatus which 1
have as yet constructed on this principle have ful-
filled my most sanguine expectations. A 7-feet
length of ordinary 6inch annular piping contains
8 I, gallons of water, whereas my crescent pipes,
same length and same heating surface, contain
only 5 pints of water. The obvious economy of
heating power is a great gain, as it enables me to
make heating apparatus sufficiently powerful for
any small-sized greenhouse ; this can be worked
by an oil lamp, costing from gd. to is. 6d. per
week, according to number and length of pipes.
So many amateur gardeners object to the trouble
attendant upon coke or coal furnaces that 1 get
constantly asked for such a heating apparatus.
Again, the action of the heat is so rapid that no

i88s.

AND HORtlCULTURIST.

«

time is lost, and the quantity of water required to
be heated is, as before described, very small in
proportion compared to that necessary for heating
an annular pipe. Another advantage to be gained
by these pipes is, that at the unions the pipes can
be reversed, and they form excellent evaporating
tanks for water where moisture is required. 1 may
say that it is the opinion of manufacturers experi-
enced in hot-water piping that this form is very
likely to become general, in hothouses at any rate.
Lengths of these can easily be inserted with the
ordinary circular pipes. — Thomas Christy, in Gar-
deners' Chronicle.

Cultivating the Dove Orchid. — A correspon-
dent of the Garden tells us that in a collection in
England this contains a fine plant, which has
again flowered with great freedom. It has pro-
duced six flower-spikes, which have grown to a
height of 4 feet. It will therefore be seen that the
specimen here is a fine one, and it occupies a
rather large pot. It receives a liberal supply of
heat and moisture, which evidently suit it, for the
bulbs are unusually large and as green and plump
as it is possible for them to be. It is always giv-
en a rest in a cooler and dryer house than the
stove when it has completed its growth, but water
at the roots is not withheld so long as to cause the
bulbs to shrivel.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

OxALls LUTEA PLENA. — A Correspondent asks:
" Can you or any of your readers give me any
information concerning Oxalis lutea plena? It is
described as having large, double, yellow flowers,
resembling dandelions. I should like some infor-
mation as to its origin."

[The true Oxalis lutea is but an old synonym of
Oxalis corniculata, the well-known " sour-grass "
of children, and a common weed. A double
variety would be very pretty ; but we should sup-
pose it would look like a very small dandelion

Ed. G. M.]

Disease in Carnations. — " W.," Sharon,. Pa.,
writes : " We make the forcing of Carnations a
specialty, and this fall when we lifted our plants,
we noticed a good many that looked yellow and
sickly, and unfit to plant on the benches. All
that showed signs of disease we rejected, and we
thought we had as fine a show for Carnations as
any one could wish, ttut they have been dying out
right along, and unless we can check the trouble,

I shall have to abandon that branch of our busi-

j ness. Will some reader of the Monthly who

makes a specialty of forcing Carnations, suggest

t a remedy ? One man told us to try saltpeter

ammonia, but we can't find any such article in our

drug stores.

"Another suggested syringing the plants with
ammonia water. In pinching back our young
plants during the summer, we hold the plant with
the left hand and pull the tops out, thus detaching
them at the joints ; and it is right at the joints that
the trouble seems to be, or just below the joints
rather, inside the stems; the pith seems to rot or
rust like, and we thought perhaps this way of
pinching them was what made them go as they
do. We have never had any trouble of this kind
until last winter, when we lost our entire crop of
two thousand plants. We would like to hear
from a number of Carnation growers as to their
experience in this line, also about kind of soil
used, how often it should be changed, tempera-
ture to force in, &c.

"Mr. John Murchie suggests that we quit strik-
ing our young plants from plants that have been
forced, which we consider good advice. Any
light that can be given through the Monthly
will be duly appreciated."

[This is the well-known Carnation root fungus,
and is one of the best illustrations known of the
modern discovery that some forms of parasitic
funguses will attack healthy vegetation. Its
presence in a bed of Carnations in the open
ground is detected by the practiced eye, by a
slightly paler tint on one plant. In a few weeks
a circle of a number of plants will show the pale
tint, the fungus having spread from the one it
originally fed on, to those around it. If examined
with a pocket lens the fungus will be seen like
small cobwebs over the growing fibres. The
affected plants are taken out as soon as seen, for
although the thread (mycelium) which propa-
gates the plant is in the ground, like all plants it
, gathers strength by what it feeds on, and does
i not spread so easily when it is kept from its food.
Pale plants are never taken into the house for
forcing. There is hardly any use in. attempting to
combat the enemy after it has found a lodg-
ment in the benches, as the injury has been
j mostly done before the plants are taken inside.
However, if any of our correspondents know bet-
ter, we should be glad of their experience. Usu-
ally when the fungus gets into a stock, it is car-
ried on by propagation, until it almost gets to be
permanent, and then we hear that that variety is

44

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

more subject than others. But it is only that
propagation has been continued from a stock that
that has caught the fungus. It is best to change
one's stock sometimes, and much better to get
new kinds from seed once in a while. These are
for a time free from these troubles. — Ed. G. M.]

Destroying Plant Lice. — " I. J. L."; " 1 had
a lot of Chrysanthemum plants last summer, in
the open ground, covered with Black Aphis. I
applied Paris green, but it had no effect whatever.
Are they poison-proof or what ?"

[The aphis' do not eat as potato beetles do,
but live by suction. They bore the plant struc-
ture and suck out the juices, hence poisonous ap-
plications are of no use as against them. Aphides,
which include the whole tribe of black and green
flies, can only be attacked through their breathing 1
organizations. Smoke, oils, and such like must
be employed. — Ed. G. M.]

Gas Tar on Hot-water Pipes. — Mr. Hen-
derson kindly sends us another wail, from " Dr.
W. H. H.," Frankfort, Ky., and remarks: "Here
is another victim. If you wish to benefit your
species, put up on every issue — Gas Tar ! ! Be-
ware ! ! — and even then though they would tumble
in."

But the fact is, this gentleman's name is not on
our subscription books. We insert, however, the
letter as a suggestion to our friends that if they
have any neighbors who love gardening, but do
not subscribe to the Gardeners' Monthly, it
might save them no end of vexation and cash, to
take the magazme. But here is the letter :

" Please tell me why many plants in my conser-
vatory look as if the leaves had been browned by
a hot sunshine. Even my young thrifty gerani-
ums have suffered severely. A large Niel in the
end of the house, putting out hundreds of young
thrifty shoots and leaves, has dropped every young
leaf. My conservatory is heated by a No. 4
Hitchings Conical boiler and the temperature is
very uniform, from 50° at night to 65° or 70° dur-
ing the day. I am at a total loss to account for it.
Can it be from the pipes? Now, the pipes the
plumber used are 4-inch pipes and are coated with
some black substance thatgives out astrong smell of
coal tar, when the water gets very hot. Several times
in the morning 1 have noticed this so strong as to
be very unpleasant, and look as if there was smoke
in the house. Do you think it can be this gas that
is doing the mischief .' I noticed this state of
things after two particularly cold nights, when the
firing had to be increased and the water in the

pipes got so hot as to melt the coating on the
p'pes. I would be glad to have your opinion on
this, for it troubles me very much."

Watering Plants with Warm Water. — " I.
C. W.," Fishkill, N. Y., writes: "Will you say
through the Monthly whether plants in general,
roses, carnations, violets, etc., in particular, would
be benefited by watering and syringing during the
winter season with warm or hot water instead of
cold ? If hot, how hot do you think would be ad-
visable ? Immersing plants in hot water, 130°, is
said to destroy insects without injury to the plants.
Would syringing with water at that temperature
have the same effect ? Do you think plants as
above would be forwarded, or their blooms be for-
warded, if always wet with quite warm water in-
stead of cold ?"

[The advantages of bottom heat, as it was called
—that is to say, heat applied to the roots of plants
— were always deemed very great by gardeners
of the old school, and though some special cases
have been cited to show that there was not much
advantage in these systems, we are induced to
think there is more value in it than modern culti-
vators are disposed to give it. The argument
against it is that it is atmospheric heat that makes
plants grow, and that, growth once started, the
roots will of necessity respond, even though the
roots be actually encased in frost. We all know
that a peach or apricot against a sunny wall will
push into flower in midwinter, though snow and
ice cover the ground above the roots, if a few
very warm midday suns shine on the wall or fence
against which the branches may be traced. Again,
in grape culture under glass it is among the com-
monest of experiences, where the vines are in out-
side borders and the tops only under glass, and in
a forcing house, that the tops will come out into
leaf and flower just as well, in just as short a time,
when the roots are encased in a solid frozen mass
of earth, as when the border has been protected
wholly from frost. It must be confessed that
these facts are very strong as against any value
from the application of heat, whether by means of
warm water or otherwise, to the roots of plants.

Yet we cannot believe that the great mass of
belief and practice of the old gardeners, who so
loved to provide means for bottom heat, were ab-
solutely baseless ; and we prefer to say that care-
ful experiments on tlie advantages of hot and cold
water in plant culture are yet among the very de-
sirable things.

In regard to syringing with hot water, instead

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

45

of dipping, we cannot say. We do know that
turning the plant in the pot upside down and im-
mersing it for an instant in water of a tempera-
ture of 130° will destroy any insect ; but it seems
such a waste of hot water to use it for syringing,
that we suppose no one ever thought to so employ
it. We know of no reason why, where hot water
is abundant, it should not be used ; only care-
ful experiment can decide this. Very soft and
tender leaves may be injured at a temperature of
130°; on the other hand, after passing through a
syringe the original temperature may have to be
increased in order that the insects may have the
full benefit of the fatal degree. — Ed. G. M.]

Mildew. — "Rose-grower," Brooklyn, N. Y.,
writes : " It seems to be granted now, that some
of the lower forms of plant life, of which mildew
is a type, will attack the healthiest vegetation,
though at one time it was supposed to be only
connected with disease. If this view is correct,
how can we prevent mildew and such attacks ?
What is the remedy ?"

[It may be taken for granted, we think, that
fungus, as a general rule, only attacks that which
is diseased. The cases where it attacks wholly
healthy vegetation, though such cases are un-

* doubted, are quite exceptional. Between these,

' however, are a large number of cases, where the
plants are supposed to be healthy, and are at-
tacked by fungus, which cannot be said to be
healthy in the fullest sense of this term. For in-

I stance, a lot of cuttings are put into a propagating
bench to root. They are perfectly healthy ; but
fungus appears in the bench, and may clear the
whole lot in a day or two. In a certain sense the
fungus has attacked healthy vegetation. But the
cutting is in unfavorable conditions of life. It

{ has no roots. Numbers die without any fungus
attack, simply because the unfavorable vital con-
ditions have conquered. We may say that low
vital conditions, as well as absolute disease, favor
the growth of mildew. In the case of mildew on

I roses, mildew on grapes, mildew on lilacs, oaks,
and other things, we know in many cases what
these conditions are. Our belief is, that where the
conditions of good health are tolerably perfect
mildew or fungus troubles of any kind seldom
bother the cultivator. In the case of the rose and
carnation, which are so often attacked by fungus

j in various forms during the winter, the unfavor-
able conditions of the roots are often very appar-
ent.-Ed. G. M.]

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

We feel in our seasonable hints this month, like
making a full plea for better gardening all along
the line. As the Secretary of the Worcester Coun-
ty (Mass.) Horticultural Society somewhere says:
to take up many of our so-called horticultural
writmgs, a stranger would be apt to think that its
mission was fulfilled, when we had produced a
Thimbleberry ; or that the acme had been reached
when some pioneer along the Mississippi stumbled
on the Wild Goose Plum. Very few of our new
fruits are equal in value to the older ones they
have displaced. Something that is tough and
hardy and will grow without a thought and with-
out a care — a raspberry that is so full of seeds and
has so little pulp, that it will prove a " first-rate
carrying berry " — a strawberry that will ripen its
whole crop in a day or two, so that there can be

economy in gathering — a peach that will never
ripen, so that we may get it to market before it
rots— these be the favorites of the day. Now, all
this and more is very well. There should be a pay-
ing profitable side to fruit growing. Our maga-
zine does all it can to aid and advance it. But
surely this is not the be all, the end all of fruit cul-
ture ! If we have the time and the will to grow a
delicious plum, why should we forever have to be
satisfied with some compound of tannic acid and
mashed turnips, simply because it will not pay the
market man to fight the curculio in the only way it
can be fought? Why have nothing but a "good crop-
per " and one that is "locally adapted "to take care
of itself — because a much better thing costs some
time and trouble to care for .'"

But we sometimes think that even the market
man does not do himself justice in his race fornew
fruits.

46

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

I Februaiy,

In his efforts for the nimble penny, he forgets
that there is often much more substance in the
slower sixpence. In some departments where a
slower result is a necessity, really new and good
varieties, improvements on the old, are overlooked.

It must have been for some time apparent to
far-seeing orchardists, that our cultivators are not
keeping pace with progress, as they should do. It
is a notorious fact that a large number of our best
orchards do not yield as they once did ; varieties
once popular are popular no more ; and the emi-
nent place which American apples once held in
European markets is becoming filled by the ap-
ples of Canada, and especially of Nova Scotia.
Apple orchards give out much sooner than they
used to do — fruit does not keep as well as it did —
and the flavor of even popular kinds is not equal to
the past. There are exceptions, but the undoubted
tendency is in these directions. Apple growers
are, we think, slow to adopt new notions that may
advantage them. New varieties are certainly not
in their vein. There have been innumerable
good kinds introduced during the past quarter of a
century, some of which are better, and would cer-
tainly be more profitable if some good judgment
were to follow up and make good use of them. The
old stale kinds are yet the ones we find in our
markets, and the good new ones are comparatively
unknown.

Last season while looking at some apple trees
on the grounds of an amateur in North-eastern
Pennsylvajiia, and noting the wonderful beauty,
productiveness, and healthy vigor of some com-
paratively unknown kinds, we wondered whether
there would ever be any way to make them well-
known to the general cultivator ; and whether we
were to be forever dependent on the old thread-
bare kinds ? There were Huttensteins, York
Imperials, Prinz and Water apples, certainly
superior in manifold ways to many everybody
wants to grow, and yet few know of them.

We think the modern agency system has much
to do with the slow progress in improved knowl-
edge. In old times the planter would visit the
nursery himself, see the fruit in the specimen
orchard, and judge for himself. Not a quarter of
those who would once visit a nursery, go there
now. Numbers never go at all, and all they
know of fruits is what the glibtongued traveling
agent tells them. The agency plan has its good
features; some — hundreds— have fruit trees, who
never would enjoy this pleasure under the old
system. ISut it is not favorable to the progress
of improvement, and this we must all regret.

Large numbers of nurserymen now have no
specimen orchard at all, and those who have,
take far less interest in thsm than in former times,
because there are so few friends to enjoy the
pleasure with them. We strongly advise our
friends, at this planting season, to get a tree or
two each wherever they can, of some of the most
promising kinds, and try for themselves how they
will do. It may be that they will be glad to have
the material to top-graft a whole orchard with the
better kinds some day.

COMMUNICATIONS.

KALAMAZOO CELERY.

BY A CORRESPONDENT.

Midway between Detroit and Chicago lies the
beautiful city of Kalamazoo, sometimes appropri-
ately called Celeryville. Fifty tons of the esculent
are expressed from Kalamazoo daily now dur-
ing the height of the shipping season. Kalamazoo
celery is famed from ocean to ocean and is the
brand called for everywhere. Shipping begins
about July, increasing till the holidays, then
gradually decreasing until the crop is disposed of
in the spring. More growers are annually hold-
ing their crop until the firmer markets of spring.
Three thousand tons were shipped from this point
alone during 1883, and the shipment for 1884 is
estimated at 5,000 tons. From 1,500102,000 acres
are devoted to the industry in this vicinity, and
the production of a superior article has never ex-
ceeded the demand. Twenty thousand stalks are
easily raised during the season on an acre, and
the wholesale price ranges from fifteen to twenty-
five cents per dozen.

Marsh land has become the home of this luxury
and Hollanders are the main producers. Driving
north from Kalamazoo through the country, one
passes great looacre farms devoted to the sweet-
scented celery, reminding one of that Methodist
hymn : ■

"Sweet fields bcyontl * * *
Stand dressed in living green."

One would never forget a drive through the
celery gardens in any direction from Kalamazoo ;
the long rows keeping their bright green till No-
vember, as crop follows crop ; and the fields being
unmarred by fences or anything except the cozy
cottages of the thrifty Hollanders. The irrepressi-
ble Yankee has, of course, bought large tracts and
gone into its culture, but the mass of growers
cultivate from three to ten acres, raise the choicest

1885-]

ANU HORTICULTURIST.

47

article and make the most money. Too much ex-
pensive hand labor is required to justify going in-
to the business on a large scale.

The celery business is of more value to a town
than can be shown by figures. The drainage
necessary to celery growing is worth everything
to the health of towns. Celery can be raised on
any marsh properly drained, and it is not neces-
sary that the marsh lie along the mystic waters of
the Kalamazoo. Yet it is a recognized fact that
specialties hover together. Celery growers and
shippers have here an association to protect their
interests and disseminate information useful to the
industry.

Practical celery growers can teach most men
who write books on the subject their A B C's, and
the jolly Dutchman could wake up in the night
any time and laugh at some of the advice given.

Celery growing resembles farming wonderfully
about one thing. The campaign opens about
January I and, save an occasional holiday, it is
"hurrah, boys," till about December 31.

Celery growers are beginning to raise their own
seed, which heretofore has been a serious item of
expense. There are about fifty principal varieties :
most popular among them are the White Walnut
and Crawford.

The objective points for perfect celery are
soundness, brittleness and keeping qualities. The
seed is sown in narrow rows in hot-beds, and this
produces plants for the early crops. As soon as
the weather will permit, seed is sown outdoors in
beds of about a square rod of plants for a square
acre of land. Plants are set in May or as soon as
the size of the plants and the geniality of the cli-
mate will permit.

Some marshes may be plowed with a team by
using wooden shoes on the horses. These shoes
are made ot two-inch pine, cut round, and two
curved pieces of iron, moving freely in the shoe
and bolted together over the hoof. If this method
is reckoned unsafe a windlass may be placed on
the upland across the center of the marsh to be
plowed. A whisky barrel makes a good windlass.
A miniature marsh railroad is handy on land
where horses cannot be safely driven, to carry
manure, tools, plants, etc. It consists of a hght
car and as much track as is required in sections
of about one rod long each and movable, so they
can be laid to any part of the marsh.

Open ditches for draining are common, cutting
the land into quarter acre sections, but if tile drain
is used two rows of celery can be raised in the
space taken by the open ditch. The better marsh

is drained, the handsomer crops look in time of
drouth and the soil can be worked immediately
after a rain.

Two and three crops are raised off this soil in
one season. Table onions are put in for the early
market ; early celery is set in June and harvested
the last of August, and winter celery is set in Sep-
tember and secured in November. Each crop
must be fertilized, as the soil is so porous the ma-
nurial properties wash down out of reach of plant
roots. Celery is set six feet apart between the
rows and about a finger's length apart in the row.
Table onions or some early crop is raised between
the rows and harvested before the celery is ready
to hill. Hilling this celery crop leaves a trench
between the rows, along which manure is spread
and another row of celery plants set, and by the
time the first celery crop is marketed the latter
crop is grown and needs the soil for hilling. If
the season is favorable another row of plants is set
in place of the first celery crop harvested. Many
growers have quite a trade in celery plants, ship-
ping the plants for setting far and wide.

The first and last crops are bleached with soil
hilled closely to the leaves, but the intermediate
crop is bleached with boards held closely to the
plants by bent iron hooks. Boards bleach the
celery higher to the leaves and in quicker time.

Shippers have adopted a uniform box sawed
into proper lengths for different orders as twenty,
fifty or 100 dozens, the ends of the bo.xes being
inch stuff and the sides half inch. Celery is
trimmed, washed and tied into bunches of a dozen
stalks each. This work in summer is done in a
shed built over a stream, in winter in celery cellars.

These cellars are made by digging two feet be-
low the surface and boarding up two feet above ;
then on a center frame six feet high, twelve-foot
boards meet and slant to the ground with windows.
The cellar is then banked and covered with ma-
nure. They are built twenty-four feet wide and
fifty, 100 or 200 feet long according as they are re-
quired to hold 50,000, 100,000 or 200,000 dozen
celery. These are built on upland, as marsh is too
damp and cold. When the celery is first put into
the cellar it is green, but bleaches in a few weeks.
It is packed closely, standing boards every few feet
' to prevent heating. The object is to keep it grow-
ing. The roof boards of these cellars are used in
summer for bleaching the second crop.

Another method of storing and bleaching for
winter is in trenches two feet deep and wide, pack-
ing as closely as the crop will stand.

A hilling plow has been invented on which there

48

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[Februa'y,

is no patent. It resembles an ordinary shovel
plow, except that the sides of the steel plow are
straighter, to which sides are attached steel wings
hinged to the plow. On the top of each wing is
fastened an iron rod meeting on the center of the
beam of the plow, by which the cut may be regu-
ated to any desired width.

The first growers of celery in this place never
dreamed of using the meadow land, but sought
for soft, warm, sandy loam. It was some eighteen
years ago that a Hollander named Lendert de
Brayn, a gardener, made the experiment. He
owned a piece of hard land on South Burdeck
street, which ran down into the marsh. Owing to
the drouth he could not successfully raise celery,
so he ma^e the trial of the marsh land, draining it
well to begin with. Success crowned his efforts,
and a sure crop came with every season, no mat-
ter what the weather. So with onions. Others
watched him and followed his example. But, be-
yond supplying the home demand, there was no
sale for the toothsome esculent. In the early fall
of 1878 Messrs. Buckhout Bros., grocers and ship-
pers, were selling much of this plant at home,
when one day one of the firm, in talking with an
Omaha man, asked him if there would be a mar-
ket for celery. The reply was that small quanti-
ties were raised in Omaha, but it was high-priced
and not very good. He estimated that Omaha
would be a good market for Kalamazoo celery,
which was so superior, and gave the Buckhout
Bros, the card of Payker & Co. Shipments were
made in small quantities at first and rapidly in-
creased in size and frequency. Other points East
and West were also supplied and almost at once
a trade grew up. John Scaal, Ben Haften, Den
Adel, Vandimeder, de Brayn and others, furnished
all that was called for. Express messengers on
the various roads seeing so much celery going
from this village sharpened their trading pro-
clivities and sought markets where they could
themselves make a commission, and thus the sale
of the esculent was greatly spread. The Messrs.
Buckhouts' success, which they took no pains to
conceal, induced others here to take a hand, and
Mr. J. W. Taylor, of the American Express Com-
pany, soon became a large shipper and has ever
since remained in the business. So the business
grew, each season doubling upon the sales of the
former one, and even as the demand increased the
supply was equal to the call. Land which had
hitherto been valued only for marsh hay or cow
pastures, and a good deal not fit for that, was now
eagerly sought for and brought undreamed of

prices, till now there is not a piece of meadow
land in the city or vicinity but has been drained
and made into a garden spot, immensely enhanced
in price.

The principal firms engaged in producing and
shipping their own products here are J.W.Wilson,
Holtenhouse & Co., O. M. Allen & Son, Den Adel &
Sons, Van Haffen & Sons, Loughborough & Allen,
P. C. Davis, J. W. Taylor and others.

The number of those now engaged in the celery
trade is estimated at 1,500 to 2,000, and is an im-
mense bonanza to the express companies. On one
train alone a carload is shipped daily and some-
times two. The gathering of the celery daily from
the different shippers occupies much of the time of
the express companies.

[A correspondent sends us the above, which ap-
pears to have been taken from the Detroit Free
Press to which we gladly give the proper credit.
It is one of the most interesting papers on celery
culture that has come before us for some time, and
we have thought few of our readers will object
that we have to defer some other shorter pieces in
order to give it place. — Ed. G. M.]

IS THE ENGLISH GOOSEBERRY WORTH
GROWING?

BY T. BENNETT.

Please allow me to say a few words in favor
of the English gooseberry. It appears, from what
I have lately read, it came very near being ex-
cluded from the American Pomological Society's
hst of small fruits. To have rejected it would, I
think, be a great mistake. It is a most excellent
fruit. I only wish to add my experience to some
one or two others of your correspondents who not
long since spoke in its favor.

Those who in their youth have eaten plenty of
good English gooseberries, cannot easily forget
them.

We have several indigenous species growing
wild in the Northern and Middle States, which
proves, I think, the climate of these States at
least. Is not uncongenial to its growth.

There may be some difficulty in perfecting its
fruit, but we have few fruits there is not some
difficulty in growing. It flourishes best in a clay
soil, or heavy loam, but will grow in much lighter
soils under good management. It only needs
sufficient shading and good mulching, with at
least one good watering when going out of blos-
som, to yield and ripen its delicious fruit. It will
grow under shade better than any other fruit we

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

49

know, and will do well trained up to the north side
of a fence or building. Under proper treatment,
it will grow and bear many years.

It is increased by nearly all the known modes
of propagation, but the readiest and quickest is
by pieces of its own roots. Any old bushes, ap-
parently worthless, may be dug up in the spring,
their roots chopped in pieces three or four inches
in length, planted in a nursery row in good ground,
three or four inches deep, according as the soil is
light or heavy ; these will grow more in one year
than a cutting will in two or three ; besides, any
one can do this, even the most ine.xperienced in
the art of propagation.

Circumstances must dictate the mode of shading,
but I found bast matting to answer very well, and
had no more trouble with insects than if they had
been covered with mosquito netting.

The best way of mulching is to remove the top
soil down to the roots, in a circle of three or four
feet in diameter; they will be stripped of course,
but must be covered up again with about a quarter
of an inch of earth, so as not to let the manure
come in contact with the roots ; then four or
five inches of good rotten manure laid on and
well trodden down ; then replace the earth on
top, level or sloping inwards to catch the water,
when good luck sends if. Rake off nicely, and
the manure will scarcely be noticed.

The American sorts may be managed the same
way, but I prefer the English gooseberry, and
have always thought it amply paid for the labor
and trouble bestowed upon it.

Chambersburg, Trenton, N. J.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Columbia Grape. — This is a white variety
raised by J. T. Clark, of Washington, said to be
from the White Frontignac, a foreign grape,
crossed with the Catawba. It is said to have been
in successful out-door culture in the vicinity of
Washington for several years.

Eugenia Gr.^pe. — This is a red grape, said to
have been raised from seed of the same berry that
produced the Columbia.

Planting Peas. — There is a belief common
among gardeners that peas planted four inches
deep will do better than if set but two inches. But
it is probable that the cases where the deep planted
peas did better depended for success on some other
incident that was overlooked. We do not think that
the benefit of deep planting peas is beyond dispute.

Potato Sets. — Disputes continue as ever be-
fore about the relative advantages of large or
small potatoes for seed, or of whole or cut potatoes.
At the outset it is apparent that a very small
potato — the size of a pea for instance — would pro-
duce so weak a plant that it would take all sum-
mer to get strong enough to make a plant fit to
bear tubers. Therefore, the strength of the eye
that is to produce the plant must be a matter of
some consideration. The good, strong eye will
surely make the strongest plant in the shortest
space of time ; and one good sprout will as surely
be better than a dozen poor ones. All this is in
favor of a moderately large potato, or at least a
potato with strong eyes and cut sets. The soil,
manner of treatment and other conditions, how-
ever, have often much to do with success. A
weak sprout well treated will do better than a
strong one badly treated. But the sprout, not the
size of the potato, is certainly of some consequence.
As soon as it begins to grow the sprout sends out
roots of its own. The potato is not of much ac-
count. We know one who grows as fine potatoes
as any one needs, from sprouts alone.

Li.viA Beans without Poles.— It is not always
possible or convenient to get poles to have Lima
beans run on. Some have recommended that
they run over brushwood ; but even brushwood
is not always to hand. Again, some have pro-
posed that the runners be kept clipped, and the
plants then become bushes. But either the bean
does not like the treatment— the beans are incon-
venient to gather, or some other serious objection
occurs. No one seems to continue the make-
shift over a year or two, and the poles are again
sighed after or sought for. Last year we saw a
plan which, so far, seemed as good a substitute as
we have heard of. Posts were put at each side of
the garden plot, a wire stretched along the top
from each, and another near the ground, up and
down were strings. The beans on such a trellis
were planted only about eighteen inches apart,
and gave a magnificent crop. Of course, this is
for garden work. Where horse-culture to keep
down weeds and stir the soil is essential, the culti-
vator must work both ways, and then we do not
see how there can be any substitute for poles.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Big Fruits.— " Excelsior" desires to know
" what there is in the big pears or big apples, that
the Gardeners' Monthly loves to record their

so

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

weight so much. For my part I would sooner
have a small Seckel Pear, or a small Lady Apple,
than the largest turnipy thing that could be offered
me." So probably would anybody, — certainly so
would the Gardeners' Monthly. But that is
not the question. Would our correspondent select
in a basket of Seckel Pears, the smallest and
scrubbiest specimen, or one that is large, rosy-
cheeked, russetty and luscious? If offered his
chance, it would really be " Excelsior " with him.
In everything size will always be one of the cri-
terions of excellence, and it should always be.
The first principles of economy start here. There '
is not half the waste in peeling in a bushel of
large potatoes, that there is in a bushel of smal'
ones ; and there is double the waste in rind and
core in a bushel of Lady Apples over a bushel of
Baldwins. Of course, size should not be the only
consideration in the recommendation of an article,
and we do not know that it ever is regarded as
the only one. It is simply one great merit, and it
seems to us deservedly so.

FuMiGATORS FOR HoT-BEDS. — " E. H.," Clyde,
0., asks : " Can you or any of your subscribers in-
form us through the G.\rdeners' Monthly,

whether there is a fumigator made that can be
used in fumigating hot-beds from the outside, and
who has them for sale ?

[There are fumigators made by having a bellows
with a long nozzle, and, midway along the nozzle,
a tube to hold tobacco. The point of the nozzle
is inserted in a hole in the door, wall, or side of
any structure, and the smoke blown in. No
doubt an order to any large floral implement firm,
would bring you such an one Ed. G. M.]

Growing the Foreign Grape. — "Lover of
Good Fruit " desires to know how he can grow
the European grape. He has tried in the open
air, and, though the plant seems to do well for a
year or two, mildew generally attacks the plant
and the fruit, and they do no good. The Euro-
pean grape seems to require a moister atmosphere
than the native grape. Wherever they are grown
under glass they do well with a little knowledge
of cultural details. The glass covering gives them
the atmospheric moisture they desire. Those who
are fond of the foreign grape can grow them at
no great cost. It is not essential to have heat-
ing arrangements — the glass covering is all re-
quired.

Forestry.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Wild Cherry Timber. — We are glad to know
that Western tree planters are beginning to under-
stand that profitable timber planting is not to be
confined to Blaek Walnut or Catalpa. These are
useful enough in their way, but still their
field is limited. Robert Douglas tells the IVe^kly
Press that there is an increasing demand for Wild
Cherry. It is in good demand for furniture, and
should there happen to be an over stock for this
purpose, it is one of the best possible articles of
fire-wood. As there are many things known as
"Wild Cherry," it is as well to note that Cerasus
serotina is the tree intended.

A National Forestry Law.— Senator Miller,
of New York, has introduced a bill into the Na-
tional Legislature by which five men are to be ap-
pointed commissioners at a salary of five thousand
dollars a year each, to look after the timber lands
of the United States. These timber lands are not

to be sold hereafter except in blocks of 25,000
acres each, or at least " at any one sale." The
President of the United States is authorized to em-
ploy " the land and naval forces of the United
States to protect these forests." We suppose the
taking the list of the killed and wounded in the
fearful struggle for the preservation of the forests
will so fully occupy the time of the commissioners,
that even J5.000 a year will scarcely recompense
the self-sacrificing gentlemen who so unwillingly
respond to the voice of the people clamoring for
these officials.

Protection Against Forest Fires. — The
Forestry Congress has at length seen the force of
the arguments of the Gardeners' Monthly, that
those who leave dry brush about to burn are
equally culpable with those who by accident or
design start the fire. At the recent convention in
New York, Judge Higley and Mr. Eggleston main-
tained this point. Nothing further than these two
opinions were offered in the matter.

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

5'

Large Deciduous Cypress. — Some of the
States are trying to rival one another in regard to
the largest specimens of Taxodium distichum for
the World's Fair. Trunks eight feet long are set
up. North Carolina has one six feet through ; but
the specimen growing in the Bartram Gardens,
near Philadelphia, is larger than this. But we
learn that a Florida specimen has appeared that
is fourteen feet through ! Philadelphia must re-
sign the sceptre to this huge monarch of the South-
ern forest. One thing may be said, that no con-
tention for the world's admiration could induce
Philadelphia to part with its huge cypress. The
Quaker city, in the spirit of brotherly love, yielded
to the application from New Orleans to let the old
Independence Bell go to the Exposition, and felt
they were making their greatest sacrifice in letting
this precious relic go out of their safe keeping for
a short time. But in this cypress they have an-
other treasure which cannot be moved ; and this
may be some comfort to those who are mourning
for the temporary absence of the great bell which
first rang in the Independence of the colonies.

Rapidity of Forest Fires. — It has been ,
found by observations on some of the forest fires
the past season, that the rate of travel under a
fair wind is about twenty-five to thirty miles an
hour. It would take smart riding on a fast Indian
pony to keep ahead of a blaze like that.

Waste Land in England. — England is begin-
ning to believe that free trade is not good even
for England. The moment there is any manufac-
turing depression, the population leaves for coun-
tries that protect manufactures, instead of remain-
ing on their own land to improve it. Sir John Lub-
bock recently stated in the English House of Com-
mons that there were between five and si.x
millions of acres of land in England which had
not yet been brought into a productive condition.
Ireland and Scotland together also had about the
same quantity. Free trade helped the manufac-
turers so long as they were able to compete in the
open market of the world ; when they could do
this no longer, both agriculture and manufacture
suffered. He proposes to make forest land of
these twelve million acres.

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

INTERESTING VEGETABLE FORMS.

BY REV. L. J. TEMPLIN.

To the thoughtful observer almost every vege-
table form has something of interest, but to the
masses they are generally only weeds or common
plants. Even those that have some striking pecu-
liarity soon lose their interest by familiarity. The
vegetable kingdom is full of unique forms, many of
which, to the common reader, are almost, if not
entirely unknown. Some of these, from their form,
habits, or productions, are quite curious and inter-
esting. A list of all such as would be strange
and curious to 80 per cent, of the people of this
country, would be quite a long one, and leave but
little room in an ordinary article for description.

A brief note of some little known vegetable
forms may not be without interest to some of the
younger readers of the Gardeners' Monthly.

The gourd tribe furnishes some interesting spe-

cies. One of these — the Cucurbita claviformis,
grows in the vicinity of Constantinople, and is be-
lieved, by the people of that country, to be the real
Jonah's gourd. It forms an almost impermeable
shade, under which the orientals delight to sit and
smoke.

The curious fruit hangs down in long, delicate
clubs, somewhat resembling large, overgrown can-
dles. This fruit is prepared for food by scooping
out the central portion and filling it with force
meat. It is then boiled, when it forms a very pal-
atable dish.

Another member of this family is the squirting
cucumber, Momordica Elaterium, which is remark-
able for the strange property it has when ripe of
throwing its seed contents to a considerable dis-
tance on being touched or shaken. As the fruit
approaches maturity there is an accumulation of
fluid in it till it can contain no more, when, on the
least touch or jar, the substance about the stem
gives way and the contents are thrown out with
force sufficient to carry them several yards, and a

5'

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

report, as of a popgun, that may be heard at a con-
siderable distance. Persons passing near them at
such times sometimes suddenly find themselves
bespattered from head to foot by the pulpy con-
tents of these vegetable popguns.

In the valley of the Chagres there grow whole
forests of the candle tree. From the stems and
branches of these depend the long, cylindrical
fruits, of a yellow wax color, that so much resem-
ble huge candles, as to have suggested the popu-
lar name. The fruit is from two to four feet long
and an inch in diameter. The tree grows to the
height of twenty-four feet, and blooms all the year
round, but most abundantly during the rainy sea-
son; but the principal harvest of the fruit is during
the long, dry season. The fruit serves as food for
cattle, which, when fed on it and some of the na-
tive plants, soon grow quite fat. The meat of cat-
tle fed on this fruit has a peculiar, though not dis-
agreeable, apple-like odor.

Ripening its fruit during the dry season, when
vegetation is principally dried up, it becomes a
very important production for tropical countries,
where great scarcity of stock provender is frequent-
ly experienced.

The fruit of another species of the same genus
to which this belongs, is used by the Mexicans for
human food, under the name of Quantiscilate. A
tree grows in Australia known as the Bottle tree,
from the resemblance of the trunk of the tree in
shape to that of a beer bottle.

This tree, Sterculia rupestris, furnishes a sweet,
mucilaginous substance, with which the natives re-
fresh themselves. They obtain it by cutting holes
in the trees, which cuts decay, forming a rotten
place in the tree. Afterwards by tapping them
two or three feet below the old cut it affords a
plentiful supply.

A tree known as the Rain tree, Pithecellobium
Saman, is found in the dryer parts of South
America. This tree grows to the height of sixty
feet, and its leaves have the peculiar property of
condensing the moisture from the atmosphere. So
copious is this condensation that a continual show-
er falls from the leaves and branches until the sur-
rounding soil is converted into a veritable marsh.
Places that would otherwise be barren desert are,
by this means, covered with the most luxuriant
forests. It is said the British government is intro-
ducing this tree into India to counteract the aridity
of portions of that country.

Queensland furnibhes a shrub that would cer-
tainly make a very unpleasant neighbor. It is the
stinging tree, a very luxurious, pleasing looking

shrub, Varying in height from two or three inches
to ten or fifteen feet. Though pleasing to the eye
it is dangerous to the touch, as the pain it produces
is maddening. No mark is left, but for months
afterwards the place is tender to the touch in rainy
weather, or when wet by washing, or other means.
It exhales a peculiar, disagreeable odor, that gives
notice of its proximity, and enables the experienced
and cautious to avoid contact with it. So excru-
ciating is the pain caused by contact with this
plant that a man of ordinary fortitude, when stung
will roll on the ground in uncontrollable agony.
A horse will, after passing through a grove ot these
trees, rush with open mouth at anyone who dares
approach him. A dog under such circumstances
will rush around, whining in a piteous manner, bit-
ing and tearing the flesh from the parts affected by
the sting.

A recent German publication contains a descrip-
tion of a new electric plant that has been christened
Phytolacca electrica, which possesses strongly
marked electro-magnetic properties. In breaking
a twig the hand receives a shock that resembles
the sensation produced by an induction coil. Ex-
periments made on this plant with a small compass
showed that the compass was affected by it at the
distance of about twenty feet. On a nearer ap-
proach the needle vibrated and finally began to
revolve quite rapidly. The phenomena was re-
peated in reverse order on receding from the
plant. The energy of the influence varied with the
time of day — being strongest at about 2 o'clock
p. m., and becoming almost nothing during the
night. It was also greatly increased in stormy
weather; and when it rains the plant seems to
wither. It is said that no birds or insects are ever
seen on or about this plant. The soil whereitgrew
contained no magnetic metal like iron, cobalt, or
nickel, and it is evident the plant itself possessed
this electrical property.

A bush, the fruit of which is called Soap berry,
is found in great abundance throughout Alaska.
The fruit, when ripe, is a small red berry of a
juicy and quinine taste, and is generally biennial.
If a quart of these berries be placed in a tub capa-
ble of holding a bushel, and well stirred, they will
form a suds or froth that will completely fill the
tub. The more it is stirred with the hand the
thicker it becomes, till it can be cut with a knife.
A whole family of the natives will gather around
the tub and eat this frothy substance with horn
or wooden spoons. The taste for it is doubtless
an acquired one, but the article is quite popular.
The red color of the berries gives a beautiful pink

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

53

color to the froth. The froth may be made from
the green berries, but it is not so highly flavored,
and is white in color. Foreigners mix some of
the froth with their wine, sweetening with sugar,
when it is claimed to be quite a luxury.

The Vallisneria spirahs, a plant that abounds in
the rivers of Southern Europe, deserves a men-
tion here on account of the strange action of the
flowers at the time of inflorescence. The pistillate
or female flower first appears at the surface of the
water in which it grows ; there it floats as if in ex-
pectation of a companion. Soon the staminate or
male flowers borne on long spiral stems begin to
rise from the bottom, gradually unrolling their
long flower stalks till they also reach the surface.
They and the female flowers now float towards
each other till they meet and touch ; this contact
results in the fertilization of the ovules, and im-
mediately they begin to sink again beneath the
water, there to perfect and ripen their seeds in
safety.

The Melon tree — Carica Papaya — a native of
South America, is of interest both for its manner
of growth and its usefulness to man. It is a rapidly
growing tree, attaining in its fourth year a height
of twenty feet ; it then enjoys a short maturity and
then dies. From its quick growth, broad, um-
brella-like shade and rapid decay some have seen
in this or some near relative the melon tree of the
Prophet Jonah. From the time it attains the
height of six feet it produces at all seasons flowers
and both green and ripe fruit. The fruit grows
around the base of the tree crown as do the nuts
of the cocoa palm. When mature it is of a yellow
color and has the appearance of befonging to the [
cucumber family. The fruit grows to a weight of
fifteen pounds, is shaped like a melon, and is
striped longitudinally like that fruit. Both the
green and ripe fruit are used for food ; the former
as pickles and the latter with salt and pepper or
sugar. The seeds have a strong flavor, and are
used as a spice. The leaves are used as a sub-
stitute for soap, for which it answers the purpose
well. They are also used to wrap around tough
and stringy meat, which it renders tender and
palatable in a short time. The tree is of easy cul-
ture, and is extensively raised in tropical parts of
both America and Africa. It requires but little
care, and produces ripe fruit before it is a year
old.

The Mahwa tree — Bassia latifoha — is a product
of the Manghyr district, India, and is much re-
sorted to as a source of food for both man and
beast. The part eaten is the succulent corolla of

the flowers. These fall from the trees in great
abundance during the early spring. This is a
season of general feasting among the lower ani-
mals as well as man. Birds, squirrels and other
small animals crowd to the feast during the day,
and near night jungle fowls and peacocks come
out and dispute their possession with the deer and
the bear. As a wholesome, nutritious food the
Mahwa flowers possess superior merit. As an ar-
ticle for feeding- stock this seems to excel in cheap-
ness; abundance, the supply being unlimited ; cer-
tain yield, the supply having never been known
to fail ; nourishing qualities ; and good keeping
qualities.

But the list of these interesting vegetable pro-
ductions grows, and we see no termination, so we
may as well take our leave of them at this point
and leave a long list to be noticed some other
time or — never.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Medinilla Curtisii. — Those who love beauti-
ful plants, and to watch them in their behaviour
through all their various forms, always have a
rich treat in the natural order, Melastomaceae, to
which this beautiful novelty belongs. They are
remarkable as being of little service to man,
although there are well on to a thousand species
known to and named and described by botan.
ists ; though perhaps this lack of utility comes
from their chief home being among people who
are satisfied to know little, and whose chief boast
is that they live in climates where about all they
have to do in order to live is to lie under palm
trees, and eat what falls around them. They want
little, hence have little inducement to discover
how these plants may minister to human wants of
which they know nothing. The plants are wholly
tropical or sub-tropical, less than a dozen pene-
trating the territory of the United States, of which
the very pretty Deer Grass, or Meadow Beauty,
Rhexia Virginica is a familiar example. Perhaps
there might be valuable dye-plants among them.
Some of them have succulent berrj'-Iike plants
among them, and one of them so stains the mouth
on eating, that the fact has given the name to the
genus from which the whole order has been
named — Melastoma; that is Greek for "black
mouth." But if, as the poet says, "Beauty is its
own excuse for being," these plants are abundantly
useful, for some of our most charming conserva-
tory plants are from among this order. They are

54

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

usually of regular habits of growth, profuse in
flowering, and with flowers that are gay and at-

leaf plants. The leaves of most of the family are
very interesting, from the three-nerved character.

tractive. Then the foliage of many is particularly i Very few orders have such leaves ananged op-
attractive, and gives us some of our most valuable i posite each other on the stem, though there are

1885.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

55

others with three leaves arranged alternately ; and I
this character, taken together with peculiar stalked
and bent anthers, will almost always tell the young
botanist that he has a Melastomaceous plant.

This very pretty new species was introduced by
Messrs. Veitch & Son, who furnish us with the
following account thereof:

"A beautiful stove flowering shrub introduced
by us from Sumatra through Mr. Curtis. It is a
bushy plant of rather slender habit with erect
shoots and subpendulous branchlets, furnished ]
with ovate-oblong bright green leaves with reddish |
midribs. The flowers are produced in great num- '
bers in terminal and lateral panicled cymes on
flower stalks of a beautiful coral red. Each flower
is about half an inch in diameter and has an ivory
white, almost undivided calyx and a creamy white '
corolla of five roundish oblong petals which show '
to great advantage the central tuft of purple sta-
mens. The neat and compact habit of the plant,
the profusion with which its chaste flowers are
produced, and which continue in perfection for
many weeks in the autumn, render this Medinilla
one of the most valuable stove shrubs of recent
introduction."

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Sudden Developments in Species. — A dis-
tinguished Canadian botanist pleasantly writes ;
"The Gardeners' Monthly for January has
come to hand, and I have looked through it with
interest. You must do an immense amount of
periodical reading, and correspondence, to get
so much news into it. Your article on rapid
changes in species reminds me of a procumbent,
rooting, CEnothera, which I received from Edin-
burg in 1871. It has been propagated from the
root only (not by seed — Ed. G. M.), and is now
undistinguishable from QL. fruttcosa, which is
native with us, and which I planted in the same
border. I am sorry to see the announcement of
the death of my old friend Mr. George Sterling, in
whose collection, when I was a student in Edin-
burg, I often found rare Swiss and other Alpines
that could not be obtained elsewhere. So many
of my old friends, as Dr. Neill, Dr. Greville, Dr.
Balfour, Mr. McNab, of that time, have passed
away. We who are left are now entering on a
new year ; let us work hopefully, ready to com-
plete our time-circle, and prepared, as well as may
be, for the higher state."

Curious Fact About the Variegation of
Foliage. — Mr. Frank L. Bassett, Hammonton,

N. J., notes: "Some time ago I put in some cut-
tings of Tradescantia zebrina that had half of
each leaf green and the other half yellow. In
part of them the green was the uppermost color.
In the others the yellow was the upper color.
When they grew I was somewhat astonished to
find that the lateral shoots were not variegated at
all, but found that in every case the lateral shoot
was colored the same as the lower half of the leaf
it grew from. Can you tell me the why of this?"

Change in the Color of Flower of Victoria
regia. — A correspondent says: "The changes
which the Victoria regia flowers undergo, as in-
dicated by Dr. Richardson's gardener (p. 6) were
very well shown in magnificent colored plates
published in Moore's Gardeners' Magazine, about
1851."

[Also the changes were noted in the letter of
Mr. Robert Schumburgk, in the letter which at-
tracted so much attention in the Gardeners'
Chronicle in 1850; in Mr. Thomas Meehan's ac-
count in Xioviri\n^'s Horticulturist for 1852; and
in the noble work with colored drawings published
by John Fiske Allen, of Salem, Mass., in 1853. —
Ed. G. M.]

Injurious Insects. — "A Subscriber" says:
"After reading Mr. A. W. Smith's remarks on
diseases ot plants, I thought 1 would ask : Would
not an inquirj' into the losses and injuries incurred
by destructive insects be also an interesting sub-
ject of value to the readers of the Monthly."

[We need scarcely say that any such contribu-
tions will be equally valuable with any on the
other topic. In fact, losses to cultivators from
disease and from insects are often very closely
related to each other. — Ed. G. M.]

The Rel.-vtion of Color to Flavor in Fruits
and Vegetables. — Mr. Emmett S. Goff, con-
tributes a scientific paper to the American Natural-
ist, to show that there is a relation between color
and flavor in fruits and vegetables. Mildness and
sweetness accompany light colored flesh to a
greater extent than dark colored, he contends.
All who know how blanching celery removes bit-
terness must assent to this proposition, and the list
of examples he gives proves that the rule is the
same all through.

The TuBERoas Vines of Cochin China. — As
we suspected some time since, these tuberous
grapes are closely allied to our own tuberous Vitis
incisa, of Texas and the Indian Territory. They
are not truly grape vines, but form a section be-
tween Ampelopsis and the true grapes.

56

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

Literature, Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

BITS OF REMINISCENCES.

BY WM. T. HARDING.

'■ And when the weary traveler gahis
Tlie height of some commanding hill,
His heart revives, if o'er tlie plains
He sees his home, though dist.ant still."

And thus, in the florid diction of the poet, is de-
scribed the power of imagination, combined with
happy memories, which fondly chng to the past,
and remain with us still. And in ideality the
writer again sees from " the height of some com-
manding hill" an antiquated garden, once famous
for the number of remarkable topiarian treasures
it contained, of holly, box and yew, which our in-
genious ancestors had trimmed into many peculiar
forms. And the lasting impressions they made
upon the plastic mind of the boy, who, as a favor,
was often admitted to see them, are as vivid now,
after so many long years, as though they were
actually still in view. While perhaps the most as-
tonishing examples of that ancient art were two
heroic sized topiarian marvels, adroitly shaped
into the exact resemblance of Mercury, the winged
messenger; and Atlas, with the globe poised on
his shoulders ; of which not a vestige now remains.
And in the rear of these curious living green
sculptured bushes, stood an old, heavy timbered
greenhouse, glazed with narrow panes of semi-
opaque glass, cut into every conceivable form —
except square. Apparently, most of the early
structures of this kind were glazed with waste
window-glass, cut from the rough and wavy out-
sides of the circular crystal tables, or sheets, as
the glass-blowers produced them in those days,
when windows were taxed. Growing within this
archaic plant-house, were the meagre types or
progenitors of some of our highly developed class
of flowering plants, so indispensable for summer
decoration in the beds and borders about our
pleasure grounds now. And, as through the men-
tal vision their comely features are seen again, one
feels amazed at the wonderful change which has
been gradually taking place since then. In reality,
they are floral links which bind the present to the
past. And yet, notwithstanding, no conjurer's
transformation tricks could ever be more astonish-

ing, or complete, when touched with the en-
chanter's wand, than Time, the subtle alchemist
has performed in the domain of horticulture,
within our recollection.

And there are many, whose brows are not yet
furrowed, neither are their heads crowned with
gray, who practice the " art which doth mend na-
ture ; change it rather " — who can remember the
poor little posies, which pleased them less than
fifty years ago. While old graybeards, whose
memories run still further back, will not have
forgotten the time when very meek little flowers
with even less pretensions, had their day, and were
considered "most beautiful things."

"Our rural ancestors with little blessed," possi-
bly experienced as much pleasure in their quaint
old gardens, while cultivating or " culling simples"
and flowers, long before the advent of the modern
grand displays were dreamt of, though happily
now so common to us in this our glorious age of
flowers.

When looking back at the very brief lists of bed-
i ding stuff, which comprised the stock of first-class
' places "in the days of auld lang syne," we natur-
ally wonder how they made out with so few things
for ornamentation, compared with what we now-
a-days have at our command. But if the gentle
readers will consult the horticultural pages of the
past, and examine the pictures which illustrated
some of the famous places of the period, they will
be equally surprised and delighted with the pleas-
ing, and oftentimes picturesque effects, the liberal
use of herbaceous plants gave to the scene. These
much neglected flowers, with the aid of old-fash-
ioned annuals, sown in clumps and patches among
them, never failed to make a goodly show, and
give delight to those who loved them.

To exemplify, without" amplifying examples,
three species of plants are selected as fair repre-
sentatives of what were then considered fully up to
the regulation standard of perfection ; to show
how they compare with similar species, in this our
year of grace, namely,— Cinerarias, Calceolarias,
and Petunias.

Calceolarias, of both shrubby and herbaceous

kinds, with mostly puny sulphur colored flowers,

! a few of which were irregularly spotted with brown

I885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

57

were looked upon as something superb, when but
slightly larger than a ripe white grape currant.
Since then, they seem to have been gradually in-
creasing in size, and with improved form and more
brilliant colors, from the semblance of little fairy
pockets — to those of watch fobs for giants. Insig-
nificant as they might appear now, they were
nevertheless much admired when they had noth-
ing better of their kind ; and then, they grew freely,
and flowered profusely.

And there are visions not yet effaced from mem-
ory of many an antiquated greenhouse, like the
one alluded to, in which used to grow Cinerarias,
and Petunias, more remarkable for the lack of that
which constitutes floral excellence, according to
our advanced ideas of floriculture, than for any-
thing else. And yet, the good folk who grew
them considered them elegant and useful green-
house plants ; and no doubt felt just as proud of
them as we at present do of the more splendid va-
rieties which have succeeded them.

Of the first named, the poorest kind of star wort
found growing in neglected fence corners, or strug-
gling for existence along the dusty country road-
sides, was on a par with most kinds of them, in
times gone by. But what of that ; they were the
best they had, and were prized accordingly. And
of Petunias, which were formerly regarded as choice
and lovely pot plants, very useful for the beautiful
show they made in the greenhouse during the winter
season ; the writer remembers when but five or six
varieties were all the kinds in cultivation. Were it
possible for the present enthusiastic admirers of
pretty flowers to get a glimpse of them at this
day, they would be apt to dub them " a shabby
lot." And yet, notwithstanding their want of
comeliness — as we judge them now — and as it was
with the other two mentioned, having no superiors
— as each novelty appeared, however poor it might
be, it was gladly accepted as something different,
if not an improvement, upon its predecessor. And
thus, with these acknowledged merits it obtained
public favor, and while remaining without a rival,
it had the distinguished advantage of being one of
the newest, if not the nicest things ever sent out.

They, the amateurs and professionals of that
time, good souls ! many of whom have not yet
gone to " the land o' the leal," could hardly have
believed it, though a prophet had predicted the
coming of better things, especially among Petu-
nias, that they would live to realize such extraordi-
nary improvements, as have come to pass in these
latter days among the flowers. They could not
possibly have had any conception of the size and

brilliant coloring, which renders them so conspicu-
ous in the greenhouse or garden. And flowers
variegated, rayed, blotched, penciled, mottled,
fringed, or striped, were then unknown. Neither
had the fine double rose, or camellia kinds, then
made their appearance : they were reserved for us
to admire later on. And with the greatest variety
of single, double,and semi-double kinds imaginable,
some of which are fragrant, almost every garden
in summer is gay with them throughout the land.
The few exceptions there may be to so commend-
able a practice, are much to be regretted ; as there
cannot be any sunshine in the heart that exhibits
no love for flowers.

Watching the progress of horticulture, as the
writer has for many years, and ever alert to ob-
serve improvements in floriculture, at the same
time, he was, notwithstanding his expectations to
see " something good," be itsaid, much surprised at
the sight of the remarkable development of one of
David Fergusson & Sons' seedling single blotched
Petunias, during the past summei, which measured
a little over four inches across the flower. And
when I inform the younger followers of the most
ancient of all earthly occupations, that he who
thus writes the chronicles of gardening, as it was,
in his youthful days, has a clear recollection of
the popular first-class kinds, with their dingy-
white, flabby little flowers, of less than an inch in
diameter, much more like small Nierembergias,
than modern Petunias, the reason will be obvious
why he should place upon record such a marvel
of evolution. Mount Holly, N. y.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Making Known the Gardeners' Monthly.
— It may do no harm to remind the many friends
of the Gardeners' Monthly, that it is issued at
the low subscription price, chiefly that the pub-
lisher may have a claim on the friends of the
Magazine, to do what they can to make it known
among those who are interested in its aims. A
purely Horticultural Magazine, unlike one de-
voted to Agriculture, cannot reach the scattered
votaries of the art, by any amount of advertising
usual in other businesses. It has to flourish solely
on the good will of its friends.

The Landscape Gardener of Fairmount
Park. — Public life is anything but pleasant, from
the exposure to malice and the many insidious
attacks which it entails. Landscape Gardener
Miller, of Fairmount Park, has just been through

58

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[I'ebruary,

the ordeal, and knows what it is. Wm. A. Mau-
pay, the son of a well-known and, in his day, honor-
ed nurseryman, of Rising Sun, near Philadelphia,
was employed in the Park under Mr. Miller, but
for some reason or other was discharged. He
then brought charges against Mr. Miller, that he
had taken or sent plants from the Park, presuma-
bly in his own interest. The charges were re-
peated in every paper — petty and respectable— in
the city ; and by those who did not know Mau-
pay or Miller, Mr. Miller was thought to be in a
terrible plight. But on investigation it was found
that a system of exchanges, in vogue in every
public garden in the world, had long ago been
authorized here, and as all exchanges had been
faithfully recorded on books kept for that purpose,
as well as all receipts on account thereof, the
Landscape Gardener had simply to produce these
books. The whole transactions showed so much
in favor of the Park, that, instead of censure, the
result was the passage of a resolution unani-
mously by the Park Commissioners, thanking Mr.
Miller for his extremely good work in connection
with these exchanges. But thousands will have
read of the malicious charges, who will never see
the vindication ; but then it is worth remembering
that while malice makes enemies, it brings friends
also. Hundreds now know of Miller's good work
who before had no idea thereof.

Good for Insects. — A correspondent of an-
other paper is puzzled at the answer the Editor
gave to her inquiry : What was good for insects ?
that he could not tell her unless he knew what
disease the insects were suffering from ? She
should tell him that they had eaten more than
was good for them.

Col. M. p. Wilder. — It will, we are sure,
gratify the numerous friends of Col. Wilder, to
know that notwithstanding his advanced years,
he presided at the annual meeting of the New
England Geneological Society, and made one of
his usual brilliant addresses. This is we believe
the eighteenth consecutive term of his Presidency.

Charles Downing. — The death of this distin-
guished pomologist, which occurred on the 19th
of January, closes a remarkable era in the history
of American horticulture. It is well known to
students of social philosophy, that the courses of
large bodies in the community are unconsciously
directed by a few remarkable men, who come to
be in a certain sense leaders and directors of
thought without cither the leader or the led having
the least idea of the current drift of things. In

1 gardening we see this frequently illustrated. The
genius and influence of Thomas Andrew Knight,
ably seconded a few years later by Lindley, led to
the production of a race of thoughtful, practical
gardeners in England, the like of which the world
has probably never seen. On the continent of Eu-

; rope. Von Mons, Decaisne, Du Breuil, and others

j of that stamp, took a special interest in fruit cul-
ture ; and for many years the whole world had to
look to France and Belgium for most that was
worth learning in progressive fruit culture. Land-
scape gardening, flower culture, orchid collecting,
and many other lines of horticultural pleasures,

!all owe their waves of popularity to the unselfish
genius of a few enthusiasts. Gardening never
goes down. From early Paradise till. now the
love exists, and will exist while time endures ; but
the peculiar directions the tide take depend on a
very few.

The advent of the Downings — Andrew Jackson
and Charles — had this special influence here. A.
J. Downing was a rare lover of garden taste and
garden art, and he had the essential enthusiasm
that was catching to all who came into contact
with him. If he had lived no country would have
been more preeminent in landscape gardening than
America. But he died young ; and the young
plant with so brilliant a future faded when his
spirit fled. To-day, landscape gardening is al-
most a lost art among us, at least in comparison
to what it would have been had the great master
lived. The brother Charles' genius- tended more
to fruit culture. His love for trees and flowers
was not less than that of his brother, but fruit was
his chosen fancy, and to our mind it was the
genius of Charles Downing which led the way for

! tj;ie vast preeminence in fruit culture which Ameri-
I ca enjoys to-day. Of course he has been ably
seconded by Warder, Barry, Wilder, Hovey, and
many others, just as in other lines other leaders
j have been ably seconded in their day ; but the
stream that was stricken from the rock was chiefly
in response to the rod of Charles Downing.

Who will now tell us of what we want to know
of fruits ? Who will give the many hours in nam-
ing and identifying baskets of fruit from all parts of
the world to which he gave so many in the labor
of love ? Hours of time and piles of money, for
I that which was not of the slightest value to him,
except as might be the knowledge that he was
benefiting every one around him. Is there any-
thing in horticulture that makes a man unselfish ?
The lawyer, the physician, the clergyman even, has
a money value on time, and either in the shape of

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

59

a gratuity or stated fee expects to get cash for ser-
vices rendered. The merchant especially regards
the money value of time ; but men like Charles
Downing must work continually, day in and day
out, from January to December, seeking only the
good of others. This was especially the lot of
this good man, and not to work merely, but go
cheerfully and uncomplainingly along. Not always,
however, is this great sacrifice made without some
thought of its cost. It is only a few weeks ago
that we had a letter from our good friend on this
very topic, which it is yet too sacred with the mark
of privacy to use in full. We may say, however,
that it told of his early struggles to be useful in
the literature of pomology, and of the troubles
and disappointments of finding publishers to give
to the world his works. Even where he had been
successful in this, all that he had received from
his huge labors in many cases was a few copies of
his own work to give to his friends.

Possibly some one will arise who will follow
closely in his steps and continue in the good work
just as he would have pursued it ; but the experi-
ence of history is against the thought. There will
be but one Charles Downing ; and as we lay his
remains in the grave, the tears of American po-
mology everywhere drop over them as for its
greatest treasure gone beyond recall.

Ch.\rles Darwin. — Lives of this great man
will soon come from the Enghsh press. One has
recently appeared, of which a reviewer in an
English daily paper says :

" Darwin was a native of Shrewsbury, and it
was eminently fitting that a Shropshire man
should communicate a sketch of his life and
works to the county Archaeological Society, and
that the same should be given to the world. The,
'Proud Salopians' have indeed something to be
proud of in that their county town gave birth to
Darwin, and only less fortunate is Staffordshire,
for Darwin's grandfather was in a sense a Lich-
field man, and he and his family were very inti-
mately associated by marriage with the Wedg-
woods. Charles Darwin's father married a daugh-
ter of Josiah Wedgwood, the eminent potter;
Darwin himself married his cousin, a daughter of
the second Josiah Wedgwood ; and a sister of
Darwin also married into the same family. All
necessary facts relating to Darwin's family history
are clearly set forth in Mr. Woodall's monograph,
and we have some original information respecting
his schoolboy days, contributed by two of his
schoolfellows who survive him. Darwin, who
had little taste for the classics, used to say that
Euclid, done as an extra subject, was the only bit
of real education which he got at Shrewsbury
Grammar School. Under the famous Dr. Butler,
classics were everything at Shrewsbury, and there-

fore it was not surprising that Darwin won little
distinction there. The Rev. W. A. Leighton says
he was reserved and fond of long, solitary ram-
bles; but another schoolfellow, the Rev. J. Yard-
ley, recollects him as a "cheerful, good-tempered,
and communicative" lad, qualities which, as Mr.
Woodall remarks, certainly distinguished him in
afterlife. He subsequently studied at Edinburgh
and Cambridge, and took the B.A. and M.A. de-
grees in the ordinary course."

Rev. James Sprunt. — We note by a brief para-
graph in a Baltimore paper that Dr. Sprunt died
recently at his home in Duplin county. North
Carolina. He was among the first of the corres-
pondents of the Editor of this magazine, and sent
to him for examination flowers of a rose that had
sported from Safrano ; and with the Editor's en-
couragement it was propagated, proved perma-
nent, and finally became the well-known "Isabella
Sprunt," which to this day holds its own as one of
the most popular tea roses. Mr. Sprunt was very
fond of gardening, and his home in Kenansville, to
judge from his enthusiastic correspondence, must
have been a very pleasant place. He was a
Scotchman by birth, but settled as a Presbyterian
clergyman, at Kenansville. On the breaking out
of the rebellion he became chaplain of the 20th
North Carolina Infantry. Since the end of the
war he was Register of Deeds for Duplin county.

The Agricultural Grasses of the United
States. — By Dr. George Vasey. Washington ;
published by the Department of Agriculture. To
the many good deeds of the Department one more
has been added in the shape of this book. Efforts
were made by a wide distribution of circulars to
find out what grasses were in any way identified
with agriculture throughout the length and breadth
of the land. We have 163 of them here described,
and 1 20 figured in lithographic plates, and all
that is known of them placed on record.

The People's Farm and Stock Cyclopedia.
— By Waldo F. Brown. Published by Jones Broth-
ers & Co., Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis.

The first impression in receiving a book of this
kind is that so much has already appeared of this
class, that there is no room for more ; but the truth
is that many " Farmers' Cyclopedias" are just the
kind to make a sensible, practical farmer become
disgusted with " book learning." Looking careful-
ly through this book, however, we are free to say
that it is not of the mere made-up kind — but is of a
thoughtful, discriminative and judicious character,
creditable in everyway to the high position to which
American agriculture is steadily advancing. The
editor and leading contributor tells us that though

6o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

he has had many years of experience in farm
worlc, it is but ten years since he wrote his first ar-
ticle for pubhcation. To this, perhaps, may be
attributed the very clear, concise, and, yet
thoroughly grammatical style in which the work
is written. Though the book contains 1215 pages,
there is nothing repeated — nothing to tire one. A
series of capital indices afford a ready reference to
any item one wishes to consult. General farm
management is discussed in seventeen chapters,
and the live stock department in twenty-two ; while
in an appendix is given tables of figures relating
to farm work.

Looking through the chapters it is remarkable
how little one who has had experience in the
science and practice of agriculture, will find to
criticise unfavorably. When the author tells us
that "the first essential to successful fruitgrowing
is common sense," most of us, who have been
teachers, know how true this is. The man who
merely tries to imitate just what another has done,
and then expects success, is always to be pitied.
Another excellent piece of advice to would-be far-
mer-fruit growers is, first to grow for their own
family supplies, and from this judge what is best
adapted to their soil, or what to their own experi-
ence; and again, to look at the prospect of a con-
venient and growing market for what they know they
can successfully grow and profitably ship. An-
other capital piece of advice to those looking for a
location for a farm or garden is, to see who are to
be their neighbors. No matter how good the soil,
how cheap the land, how well favored in every way
by nature the situation may be, avoid it as the ser-
pent, if hide-bound ignorance and stupidity pre-
vail. Suggestions about getting into debt for
farms, gardens, and homes in general are just to
our mind. The advice of many agricultural papers
never to get into debt, always seemed absurd to us.
No man ."itarting into life without capital can get
well off by his labor without debt, till he is old and
grey, if at all. Industry alone does not always
bring its rich reward. Ijut in getting into debt, as
in getting into fruit growing. " the first essential is
common sense." The Cyclopedia helps very well
to cultivate this essential in the process.

One mistake, common to all works of this kind,
is to give long talks on the best varieties to culti-
vate. These are continually changing, and a book
which might by its solid contents be a text book
for generations, becomes out of date in a few years.
These should be placed in an appendix or left
wholly to nurserymen or seedsmen's catalogues.
The advice to never plant a fruit tree over one year

old, is also old-fashioned, except as it may refer to
the peach. This may do where trees are cheaply dug,
with most of the roots left in the nursery, but the
mortality in carefully spade-dug trees four, five or
six years old, need be no greater than among seed-
ling transplanted trees, and two or three years
saved in the time a tree comes into bearing, is a good
deal in the mere speck of life given to a human
being. The chapter on fencing is scarcely down
to date. The author does not like them, because
of the annual expense of trimming. But he has
the Osage orange in mind. He forgets that since
the introduction of barbed wire fences, we do not
need strong growing plants like Osage orange.
With two or three strands of barbed wire, placed so
that plants will grow through them and hold them
in place, mere shrubs like Privet, Silverthorn,
Berberry, or even plants without spines, and which
may never be more than a few feet high, a good
and cheap live fence may be had that will never
need pruning, unless one is very particular to have
things neat and nice at some labor and cost.

But the most unsatisfactory chapter is on Farm
Forestry. Only the black locust and soft maple are
referred to. The author deprecates many fences ;
but except for posts and stakes, of what earthly
use is the locust, after we get it, and, as for the soft
maple, even as firewood, it is not worth kindling,
against some other trees. But we must remember
that Forestry is as yet an unknown art in our coun-
try, notwithstanding the tons of government, state
and newspaper articles that have appeared about
it, and, hence, we must not expect too much from
a work like this.

We have only to repeat that it is a truly excel-
lent, practical work, and will be well worthy of a
place as a book of reference in every farmer's and
fruit grower's library.

Floral M.\gazines. — Though our Magazine
is conceded to cover a wider field than any simi-
lar publication in this country, we feel that much
of crur success is due to the excellent work done
by other contemporaries, in special departments
of that great occupation which we all love.

Among the particularly useful serials, we may
name VtcA's Monthly, the Floral Cabinet, and
the American Garden, which in their special lines
are doing good work — fully equal to our own. In
a more limited field, perhaps, we may mention
Park's Floral Gazette and Seed- Time and Harvest,
as equally meriting patronage and support.

They all have our best wishes and congratu-
lations, at the evidence they all exhibit of a
healthy and prolonged existence.

1885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

6i

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Landscape Gardening Work. — A correspon-
dent, writing from a town in Massachusetts,
wishes to know how to establish himself as a
landscape gardener, for which, from education
and e.\perience, he believes himself to be well
suited. He has advertised repeatedly and failed.

We have often stated that one of the greatest
wants of the day in all our large towns and cities
is good landscape gardeners. There are hundreds
of well-to-do people anxious to employ them, and,
for want of finding them, have to endure men who
scarcely know one tree from another. Hundreds
of thousands of dollars are spent annually by
mere graders and contractors for gentlemen de-
sirous of getting good work done, simply because
they do not know where to find the proper men
to do what they desire.

But there is an art which cannot be taught by
an Editor in a magazine, and that is, the art of
making one's self known to the community around
him. We will, however, tell a true story which
will illustrate what we mean, and in its applica-
tion perhaps some one may profit.

" I understand," said a rather needy-looking in-
dividual to the writer of this, many years ago,

"that your friend Mr. has made a fortune

and intends to build himself a fine house. Do
you know just where he proposes to locate it?"
" Just right over in the middle of that corn field,"
he was told. Further conversation disclosed that
the young man believed he had special talent for
an architect, but was wholly unknown in the
vicinity. Some months later when the owner of
that land was within reach, the poor young man
was on hand with a plan of a building just suited
as he thought to that location. The owner put
him off with the remark that he had his own ideas,
and did not want to look at any plan. But he
finally did look, and objected to this, that and the
other, to all of which the young man paid particu-
lar attention. He was finally told that he need
take no trouble in the matter, that the owner had
his own architectural friends, whom at the proper
time he proposed to consult, and who no doubt
would work out his ideas to his entire satisfaction.
But in less than a few days the young man again
appeared with another plan. The owner of the
land was at first reluctant to grant another inter-
view, but gave in finally, and was surprised to
find how nearly the stranger had caught up the
idea of his wants from the casual conversation.
Seeing that he had a person of real talent and

genius before him, he gave him an order to make
a plan. The end of it was that the young stranger
got his first job, a $50,000 house, and he finally
became one ol the most distinguished architects
of Philadelphia. This was the beginning of the
career of the late Samuel Sloan.

After all, is not this the way of all successful
business or professional men, even down to the
much abused tree pedlar ? They have all to let
people know in some way or another that they
have just what these people want, or they would
starve.

It is no use to write to an Editor to ask where
the particular individuals are who require good
landscape gardeners; all the Editor can say is
that he knows there are profitable engagements
for hundreds of them. To find them in each in-
dividual case is however an art which, though he
can and has in the past successfully practiced, he
is incompetent to teach.

Profits of Plant and Seed Collecting.

A lady in South Carolina sends us the follow-
ing letter. Though addressed to us in our public
capacity as Editor of a Magazine, it is not clear
that it was meant for publication ; but as a reply
may be of service to others as well as the writer,
we give it a place here, only suppressing the name
and address of the writer :

"Editor Gardeners' Monthly: I am em-
boldened in writing this to you, from an in-
tuitive feeling that it would result in a kindly
hearing from you ; and, I hope, a pecuniary help
to me. I am ' only a woman,' but one reared in
the lap of luxury, before and since the war, but
now feel it a duty to try to help my husband, if I
can, to educate and rear five children ; and one
arvenue which I had hoped would be a means to
this end, proves very unsatisfactory to me. I
will explain. Our beautiful Southern woods and
fields are filled with plants and bulbs, much
prized by the citizens of the Northern States ;
notably a bulb— advertised as Amaryllis Treatse
— but known here as Atamasco Lily. I saw it
extensively advertised in a great many catalogues
for from 8 cents to 15 cents per bulb, and gathered
for the last three seasons thousands of bulbs, and
can get no better price, wholesale, than i cent,
and not always that, per bulb ; and I write to ask
you if you think if I advertised it in your Gar-
deners' Monthly it would bring me in any more.
I am 'to fame unknown,' and after writing
hundreds of letters, 1 have not yet made the salt
that goes in my own bread, much less my child-
ren's. The bulbs I have sold, if retailed at cata-

62

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

logue prices, would have realized me $375.00,
whereas they really brought me in $54.00, giving
the florist a margin of $j2i.oo, as his part of the
profits. Of course I do not expect or wish to
reap all, but if I could have even got half 1
would have remained quiescent and still continued
to try to supply florists alone with them.

What I wish is this, to ascertain price to insert
an attractive advertisement for two, three, or four
months — whichever you advise — and see if I
cannot realize the profits myself. I have thous-
ands of Narcissus, which I see by my flori-
cultural papers is the future's favorite, to dispose
of. I am in correspondence with several florists
for them, but because the bulbs are larger and finer
than those they import, they mistrust the plant
altogether. One of the Narcissus, advertised un-
der various names— Daffodill, Hoop Petticoat, Sul-
phur Trumpet, and we here call them Butter-
cups, Candlesticks, Cups and Saucers, Shepherd's
Pipe &c. — I think is the Narcissus advertised as
Bulbocodium at 25 cents per bulb, but cannot be
certain until some sent me from the North bloom,
and I can compare them. You cannot realize that
here in the South we border our vegetable beds
with them, to keep them in shape ; and when once
planted they go on increasing until they encroach
to such an extent that we have to plough them up
as a nuisance. Of course then you will not won-
der at my having 10,000 bulbs to sell, and desir-
ing to realize a handsome profit on them and not
allow myself only a beggar's portion. Could you
kindly give me any idea of my best plan to throw
these on the market, and at what time ? I feel I
am almost inexcusable for thus transgressing your
time, but my excuse is above; knowing by the
reputation you have gained, that you are willing to
help the struggling, and those anxious to help
themselves."

It is a natural mistake by those unacquainted
with the nurseryman or seedsman's business, that
$221.00 represents the part of the profits in a
purchase of $375.00. If he were engaged in this
business wholly, and took with one hand $54.00
worth, and received directly $375.00 with the
other, it would not be correct; as he would proba-
bly have had to take a great deal of trouble and
cost to find the customers for the article. But the
receipts from the bulbs have to go into the gen-
eral fund, and against this fund a large number of
expenses have to be charged. We know one
large firm that spends in advertising, or has spent
in one year for advertising, $100,000. This of
course includes catalogues, cuts, label printing.

and such like. There are store rents, wages,
commissions to other dealers, bad debts, and
numerous other items which run into the expense
account, besides the firm's own many years of ex-
perience and time to be paid for ; and besides all
this, he deals in a perishable article, which if not
sold has to be thrown on the rubbish pile, though
bought and paid for. The writer of this well re-
members seeing a letter written by one friend to
another who had been always buying bulbs ; it
was in 1859: "We are not buying bulbs this
year, we want bullets ;" and over $1,000 of Dutch
bulbs were thrown on the manure heap, from
similar failures to sell that season. It is not al-
ways that war prevents sale, but some other acci-
dent is continually arising. We very much doubt
whether at the prices named by our correspondent
the buyer would make more than fifteen per cent.
on his purchase ; which is just about what our
correspondent made.

We do not think she would do any better, or
even so well, by advertising directly for retail
customers in the advertising columns of the Gar-
deners' Monthly. Advertising is a great art,
understood only by those well in business. The
hap-hazard advertiser seldom makes it pay.

The best course for our correspondent is to
continue in correspondence with leading firms,
who may possibly need what she can supply, and
she need only offer to supply those things which
she can get easily, and thus afford to sell at the
price that competitors for her products are willing
to pay. In this way she will find out those who
want them worst, and those who want them worst
will be willing to pay the most. This is the un-
derlying principle in all successful business.

Diseases of Plants. — Prof. J. C. Arthur, who
has made a specialty of the study of the diseases of
plants, and who has charge of the New York Ex-
perimental Station, at Geneva, New York, kindly
writes to say that if any correspondent o{ the Gar-
deners' Mo.NTHLY will send him specimens of
i diseased plants, he will respond with pleasure in
the Gardeners' Monthly so far as he may be
able to do so.

Mr. a. N. Curtis, of Sharon, Pa. : " Horti-
culture loses one of its most liberal and enthusias-
tic patrons, and Sharon, one of its best citizens, in
the death of Mr. Alfred Curtis, which occurred at
his home, in this city, on December 28th last.

" Sharon owes much to him for the prestige she
enjoyed, as being the leading town in Western
Pennsylvania in floriculture. Kind and generous

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

63

almost to a fault, he endeared himself to all with
whom he came in contact, by his many acts of
kindness and charity. Possessed of abundant
means, he was always on the lookout for new
things in the floral world, but his great delight was
in Orchids, of which he owned one of the most
complete and extensive private collections in the
United States. He will be greatly missed, not alone
for his many acts of kindness, but the people will
miss his merry face and genial smile with which
he greeted all. The greenhouses will be kept up
as usual under the very careful and efficient
management of Mr. Isaac O'Brien, who has had
charge of them the last seventeen years.

"Albert Willi.\.\is."
Book on Cultivated Plants.— A "subscrib-
er " writes : Would you please inform me in your
next issue if there is any work giving the names
(Botanical and Common) of all classes and varie-

ties of plants grown in this country ? If so, where,
and at what price I can get it ?"

[The " Hand Book of Plants," by Peter Hender-
son, will be what you desire. — Ed. G. M.]

Ladies' Traces or Ladies' Tresses.—" F. B.
H." writes: "Reading an English work recently,
I find it a matter of difference whether our pretty
autumn orchid, Spiranthes, should be known as
Ladies' traces or a Lady's tresses. As the Garden-
ers' Monthly takes an interest in these scholarly
questions, 1 thought it might interest you to be di-
rected to the subject. What are ladies' traces at
any rate ?"

[We have been over this in past times. Our opin-
ion is that "traces" is the original word. " Traces "
or " trusses " were cords used by old time ladies and
gentlemen about their dress, as " cords," or "laces "
would be now. A lady's trace, would be a silken
cord.— Ed. G. M.]

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SO-
CIETY IN NOVEMBER.

BY W. A. MANDA.

The Boston Horticultural Hall was again in its
best on the occasion of the .A.nnual Chrysanthe-
mum show, which was pronounced by all the
veteran exhibitors as the finest of that kind ever
held in Boston, or .America. It was really a mag-
nificent sight to see over 630 specimens, some
being over 5 feet in diameter, besides 750 vases
filled with cut blooms ; a nice table of orchids
and choice plants ; also a collection of native
plants, bouquets of flowers, pansies, etc.

The Chrysanthemum contributors were the well-
known gentlemen. Dr. Walcott, Mr. E. W. Wood,
Hon. M. P. Wilder, Mr. C. M. Atkinson, Mr.
Hovey. Norton Bros., Mr. A. F. Fewkes.

Large specimens were shown by Dr. Walcott,
Mr. Atkinson, and Mr. Wood. Hon. M. P. Wil-
der had a collection of fifty dwarf and compact
plants which formed a pretty lot. Among the
new seedlings the most noticeable was one shown
by Dr. Walcott. The form is perfect, of pure
white color, and belongs to the large flowering
section and was awarded silver medal. Mr. A.

Fewkes had also some very good reedlings of
merit. After the show most of the plants were
sold at auction and a sum of about S650 was re-
ceived, of which one-fifth comes to the Society,
which sum will be added to prizes for the next
year's show.

The orchid table was interesting as ever with the
marvelous flowers. Mr. Gilmore made a fine dis-
play with Saccolabium Blumei majus, Odontoglos-
sum grande, O. Sanderii, Dendrobium formosum
giganteum, Lycaste Skinnerii, Calanthe Veitchii,
Oncidium Forbesi, O. varicosum, a fine specimen
of O. ornithorrhynchum and a very rare variety
of pure yellow O. Krameri. Mr. H. E. Hunne-
well, a number of plants comprising the beautiful
]' Dendrobium Goldei, Oncidium crispum, O. orni-
thorrhynchum, Cypripedium Spicerianum, Odon-
toglossum grande, Laslia anceps, L. albida var.
bella and the lovely Cattleya exoniensis, a hybrid
between Cattleya Mossiae and Laelia purpurata.
Mr. David Allan, grower to Mr. Pratt, exhibited
the rare Cypripedium Fairrieanum, a real gem
of its genus, although not so conspicuous as many,
yet the lovely color and odd shape compensate
for the size. Another noteworthy exhibit was a
spathe of Anthurium Andreanum, which measured
7,'< inches by c,% inches, which is not at all com-

64

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

mon. The fruit show was a fair one comprising
pears, apples, grapes, etc.

Nearly six thousand persons visited the exhibi-
tion, a proof that the Boston public fully appreciate
the effort of the horticulturists.
Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, Mass., Nov. 2S, '84.

[As will be seen by the date this should have
reached us in time for our last number, but seems
to have been delayed on the road somewhere. —
Ed. G. M.]

HINTS TO EXHIBITORS.

I enclose an extract from a private letter from
Boston, which may interest you. It is written by
a flower lover. Is there not a hint for exhibitors
therein ?

" I wish I could describe to you, so you could
realize how charming the flowers (Chrysanthe-
mums) are, the newspaper reports are so cold and
meagre. I'm so old fashioned, that I like best the
bonny little pompons. The sprawly Japanese
varieties, I do not love one bit — not to have and
to hold and pet. The Chinese are belter, some
are almost perfectly round, like a " Dizlia" — as
the Maine people say ; and one pink one with a
little pink perfume quite won me.

" But the orchids were a revelation to me — I
never saw such beauties, and do not generally care
much for them. They seem to be uncanny things
— like transformed fairy butterflies or moths. One
was evidently a tiger, which had been changed to
a moth, and then to a flower; but it had rather a
tiger uncertainty about it still, and I was a little
suspicious of it.

" And my heart ached for some lovely pansies
near the orchids. Can you imagine any human
being capable of putting about thirty pansy blooms
into a tall, narrow vase ! all squeezed together, so
that not one could show its liltle face happily, j
They did look so sorry and uncomfortable that 1 ,
made a desperate venture and begged of someone
in charge a flat dish of water, and put them to
float in it, and then the little faces smiled their
thanks."

EDITORIAL NOTES.

A Grand Chrysanthemum Show.— The Penn-
sylvania Horticultural Society has decided to
have a grand show in Philadelphia next Autumn,
which shall continue open four days.

Mass. Horticultural Society.— In the an-
nual report of this Society, the committee of ar- 1
rangemcnts, in reviewing the exhibitions of the ,
year now closing, pronounce them the most suc-
cessful, so far as the quality, beauty and extent of
exhibits are considered, which have taken place ,
for many years, and possibly exceeding any with-
in the society's history. The increase in paid ad-
missions was particularly gratifying, the total
being S281 5.05, a greater sum than the total for

the five years previous to 1881, when the Ameri-
can Pomological Society held its meeting in Bos-
ton. The receipts at the annual exhibition in
1884 were about equal to the total of all the large
exhibitions in 1883. While a part of this increase
may have been due to the extension of the time
during which the exhibitions were held, it also in-
dicates that the public is quick to appreciate the
efforts to add to the beauty and brilliancy of the
exhibitions.

The schedule of prizes for 1885 came up for
final action, and it was voted to add to the general
rules and regulations a rule that no premium shall
be awarded at any exhibition, except those
authorized by the society.

We do not feel sure that this is wise, while it is
undoubtedly true that a free discretion in the scat-
tering of money everywhere on special premiums,
would tend to ruin financially the strongest society
in time. There must necessarily be many
superior objects of Horticultural interest con-
tinually coming up, deserving of reward and
commendation, which no care or foresight in ar-
ranging a schedule, can provide for. It seems to
us that the rule adopted by the Germantown
Horticultural Society is a better one. This pro-
vides a specific sum each month for the dis-
cretionary use of the committee ; the unused
balance of which goes with the life subscriptions,
to the permanent fund.

At the meeting of January 2d, Mr. J. B. Moore,
the newly elected President, took the chair. His
inaugural address dwelt chiefly on the good work
the Society had done ; gave a just tribute to the
unselfish work of a number of his predecessors,
and detailed many of the advantages for future
usefulness which the Society now possessed. He
particularly spoke of the value of the library of
the Society as far greater than the whole cost of
membership, to all who love rural life and ad-
mire beautiful plants and flowers and noble trees.
The library is growing faster than ever before,
and the necessity of more room for the accom-
modation of the many rare and valuable books
which it contains was enforced.

Mr. Robert Manning was re-elected Librarian
and Secretary, and Mr. Geo. W. Fowle Treasurer.

The appropriations for prizes, viz., for flowers
$2,600, fruits 51,500, vegetables JSoo, and gardens
J200 : and the appropriations for the library com-
mittee, $400; committee on publication and discus-
sion S200 ; and committee of arrangements S300,
previously recommended by the executive commit-
tee, were voted by the society.

Charles H. B. Breck, William J. Underwood
and John C. Hovey were appointed a committee
to prepare a memorial of F. Lyman Winship.

Arthur Blake, of Brookline, was proposed by
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, as a member of the
society. John L. Gardner and Miss Annie C. Put-
nam, Ijoth of Boston, were electetl members. A
motion to appropriate $20 (or the deficiency in the
subscription for vases for prizes at the rose show
was referred to the executive committee; and the
meeting adjourned to Saturday, January loth.

The prizes offered for forced vegetables brought
out a grand display.

rc^^»' ■

^

. C.V.UB. ^

THE

GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE. ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXVII.

MARCH, 1885.

Number 315.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

This is the proper season to lay down box-
edgings. To make them properly, the soil along
the line of the edge should be first dug, and then
trod very hard and firm, so that it may sink evenly
together, or the line will present ugly-looking un-
dulations in time. Rooted plants should be em-
ployed ; cuttings are sometimes used, but frequently
die out in patches ; a good edge can rarely be
made from them. The plants should be set pretty
low down, leaving the plants, when set, one or two
inches above the soil, according to their stocki-
ness. Sometimes box edgings are laid around
beds formed in grass. When so, a few inches of
clear ground should be kept clean between the
grass and the box, or the weeds will be so inter-
mixed with the box, after awhile, as to render it a
nuisance.

Walks should now have their spring-dressing —
the verges cut, and a thin coating of new gravel
laid on. Before putting on the new, harrow up
the face of the old gravel with a strong iron-
toothed rake. Roll well after the new is laid on.

Ornamental hedges judiciously introduced into
a small place, add greatly to its interest. No
easier method offers whereby to make two acres
of garden out of one in the surveyor's draught.
The Arbor-vitas (Chinese and American), Hem-
lock, Holly, Beech, Hornbeam, Pyrus japonica.

Privet and Buckthorn may be applied to this pur
pose.

Shrubs are not nearly enough employed in plant-
ing small places. By a judicious selection a place
may be had in a blooming state all the year ; and
they besides, give it a greater interest by their
variety than is obtained by the too frequent error
of filling it up with but two or three forest trees of
gigantic growth. Plant thickly at first, to give the
place a finished appearance, and thin out as they
grow older. Masses of shrubs have a fine effect
on a small place. The center of such masses
should be filled with evergreen shrubs, to prevent
a naked appearance in the winter season.

Many things that appear frosted a little at the
tops should be severely cut down ; it will prevent
disappointment in the end. Shoots that are in-
jured in winter — especially in the case of the rose
— will often have just sufficient vigor left to enable
them to put forth leaves, and sometimes even go
so far as to attempt to flower, and then die off
suddenly under the first hot sun.

Pruning of roses and other flowering shrubs will
be the first operation in order. The " summer "
roses, or those which bloom only once in the sea-
son, the rule is to thin out the weak shoots and
leave the stronger ones, merely shortening their
tops. If pruned severely in the usual shortening
style, they will not bloom freely. The hybrid
perpetual roses, if wanted for early flowering,

VN

66

■y THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

■^.S

^nould also be served much in the same way ;
but as their chief value is as fall flowerers, a severe
pruning now produces a vigorous growth, bearing
large and luxurious blooms. The Tea, China,
Bourbon and Noisette roses which flower best on
young wood, should be well cut in.

PEeonias, Dicentras, and other hardy herbaceous
plants that have been two years in one situation,
should be taken up, divided and reset in new soil,
if the finest flowers are desired. There is a grow-
ing revival of the taste for beautiful herbaceous
plants, which the Frenchy fashion of growing a
few kinds in masses for mere gaudy display had
well nigh annihilated. Herbaceous plants take a
little more tying and fixing through the summer,
but make up for it by variety and peculiar interest.

Chrysanthemums are now indispensable for au-
tumn decoration of the flower garden. Now is
the time to procure a supply. They do well in any
rich garden soil that is not too dry. The LiUipu-
tian, or Pompone class is still popular for con-
servatory or pot culture, but the large-flowering
kinds still remain the gems of the open ground.

Whenever it is prudent to work in the half dried
ground, hardy annuals may also be sown ; the earlier
they can be started, the finer they flower. Some-
times, after sowing, cold wet weather ensues, when
the seed, if it is started at all, is liable to rot. It is
best to save a few seeds in each packet, and in
two or three weeks after sowing, go over and
scatter in the places where the other portion was
sown. Every place where seed is put in should
be marked, and with the kind ; when the border
plants are then set out the annuals will not be dis-
turbed. A change of soil, as we have often said,
is beneficial to the flower border. With some
kinds of flowers, the Verbena for instance, a new
soil is a great luxury, for which they will be very
grateful to you. The first two inches of the sur-
face soil of an old pasture, mixed with about a
third of the surface soil of an old wood, makes an
excellent medium to grow border plants in. Not
the mere rotten leaves from a wood, but the dark,
black humus in which the roots of the trees, and
other rank vegetable roots have already began to
run riot among.

COMMUNICATIONS.

A NEW DOUBLE BON SILENE.
BY N. B. STOVER.

Lovers of the rose are fully aware that for fra-
grance, beauty of color, neatness of bud, free flow-

ering and forcing qualities, the old Bon Silene re-
mains at the head of the many varieties of the Tea
rose ; but for out-door planting it never has
amounted to anything worth mentioning, simply
from the fact that a few minutes of sun heat would
develop and expand its beautiful buds into flimsy
and worthless flowers, resembling the wild rose
found on our hills and roadsides ; but with all this
great defect we never could entertain for a moment
the idea of announcing it as worthless, because its
good qualities overcome its one bad quality.

At last we are blessed with a great improve-
ment in the shape of a very double Bon Silene,
originated by a sport from the old Bon Silene over
a year ago in the greenhouse establishment of E.
Hippard, in the city of Youngstown, Ohio. He
says it retains its quality same as first produced.
The flower resembles in shape and thickness of
petals, the Sou. de Malmaison ; its color and beauty
of bud is the same as its parent, with a uniform
dark rose color to the center when fully expanded.

Youngstown, O.

CARPET BEDDING AT THE GOVERNMENT
GROUNDS, OTTAWA, CAN.

BY N. ROBERTSON.

I send you photos taken from my beds as they
appeared on the Government Grounds, Canada,
during the past year, which I hope you will find
interesting.

A description of them will be necessary, so as to
enable you to understand their meaning. In one
you will see the representation of a bee-hive and
two bees, with the words, Virtute non verbas,
around its margin. The first is a portion of the
crest of our Governor General ; and the words his
motto, the letters of which are made with Alter-
nantheras ; the bee-hive of Silver Thyme. The
figures are put in to break up the sameness of the
carpet which is of Sedum. The outer border is of
Salvia officinalis, a plant which makes a fine
contrast on grass and ought to be oftener seen
than it is, especially on dry soils, as it will bear
trimming without spoiling its appearance. It re-
quires particular treatment to make a nice edging.

In another bed you will sec the name, AbercOrn,
through the centre, the governor's wife being a
daughter of the Duke of Abercorn. Above and
under you will notice two acorns, their crest being
an Oak tree which I could not make and show
good results, so I put in the acorns as the nearest
representatives of it. The surroundings are, as

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

67

of the former, put in to break up and add to the
appearance of the bed.

Another has on the background the words
"Reign Victoria," which needs no explanation.
Below is the Prince's Feather, with his motto on l
each side, " Ich Uien." The space on the sides is
cut up so as to allow filling with different shades
of carpet material. Standing beside this is the
designer of those beds. Here you will notice
also, but too far off in the background to be very
distinctly seen, a bed of Cactus. To the right is
a border of flowering plants, and on the left rises
a bank about ten feet. Above the lower level, on
the upper margin of it, is a line of ornamental
plants of which only one is seen. This rise runs
over two hundred feet. Those plants have a very
fine effect as seen from below.

Now, I am not a lover of much of this carpet
bedding, but would be far from condemning it
altogether ; for, when you have many beds to fill,
it helps to diversify their appearance greatly, and
gives variety to them, which in all cases ought to
be a main point of consideration. I always aim
at having every bed distinct from the others. I
do not mean that I can do so without using the
same plants sometimes twice ; for where you have
forty beds to fill this is no easy matter to do, and
select them so that they will show well during the
whole summer. Our climate is so short as to not
admit of changes once or twice during the season.
Those beds are considered difficult to make, and
when well done surprise many that such work
can be done with plants in such uniformity.
For my part I consider it a much easier task than
to make one with flowering plants. The sole aim
of the planter seems to be to cover up the soil, the
effect never thought of. But this is the all-
important point. Yet some good ideas may some-
times be gathered from carpet beds. Uniform-
ity and order can be carried so far as to give
a stiff appearance ; but I think all who make
them should have some aim in view before they
proceed to plant.

In carpet bedding any one who can draw on pa-
per can just as easily put a design on a bed with his
compass and foot rule ; but it must be borne in
mind that this design will not do to be made on
paper without having the dimensions of the bed,
and drawing to a scale, so that when you lay
out the bed there be no cramping for room,
or an over-amount of it. And when your lines
are drawn there is little difficulty of following them
with your plants. Another thing is, if they should
not be just in conformity to the eye, the first trim-

ming will mostly remedy the defects, if not too bad.
In carrying out designs I never use a plant I can-
not trim. Such as Alternantheras require only
side trimming ; cutting much on the top of such
plants removes the color, and mars the effect of
the plant. This new one, Aurea nana, can hardly
be over-estimated for both its golden color and
neat compact habit of growth. No one should be
without it, as it far surpasses the old one in every
respect.

There are many plants recommended for this
kind of work that I never have been able to use
to any purpose, owing principally to their rough
untrainable habits. Such are always to be avoided.
If you really wish to show the purport of your de-
sign, the limited number of plants fit to be used
for this purpose properly are so few that it would
be my principal objection to this kind of work. So
1 say, let us have a little of every thing that can be
produced with plants. Never condemn any sys-
tem, though overdone as this certainly is. Give
us as much variation in beds or borders as you
possibly can. Nature has many subjects that can
be used in various ways, but, like every thing else,
the mode of presentation has much to do with
what may be produced by it.

Siipt. Gov't Grounds, Ottawa, Can.

[We quite agree with Mr. Robertson that the
crusade against carpet bedding is as extravagant
as the abuse of this method of gardening. There
is really no more reason why flowers or plants
should not be made to represent a carpet, than
that a carpet should have flowers worked thereon.
The answer might be that true taste requires use
as the basis of ornamentation. We are first to
get the useful and then make it ornamental. The
carpet is useful, and then we ornament it; we can-
not so use a flower bed. But it is the lawn and
the surroundings that are to be ornamented, and
if the carpet bed, by its contrast to the lawn, add
to the lawn's attractions, as it undoubtedly often
does, it is a legitimate portion of true art in gar-
dening. Even the imitation of letters, words and
armorial bearings, pleasant fantasies, undoubtedly
do give pleasure to thousands, and there must be
something natural and rational beneath a prac-
tice which so many human beings love to see. —
Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Tall Late-flowering Peonies. — With
Paeonies, as with Tulips, we have a taller and later
blooming race, having flowers of the most lovely

68

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

color imag^inable, bold round buds which open
out gradually into great semi-double flowers of a
rosy crimson color, or with broad guard petals of
a delicate salmon-rose tint around a mass of
creamy white or sulphur-tinted petals in the cen-
ter of the flower. That they are fragrant also is
another recommendation apart altogether from
their showiness. When cut in the bud stage and
brought indoors, the flowers of these late Pasonies
are most charming ; no Cattleya Mendeli could
be more pure or more delicate in color, and no
painting could well do them justice, albeit that M.
Fautin has a lovely group of these identical flow-
ers in the Academy exhibition. Although now
and then seen in old-fashioned gardens on warm
soils, they are not nearly so common as a sight of
their beauty would lead one to expect. Of what
species or ra'ce comes these tall, late Psonies ?
They are quite distinct from the early-blooming or
P. officinalis set, and even more beautiful. — The
Garden.

LiLiuM Leichtlini, Hook. fil. — A very lovely
species from Japan, admirably represented in Bot.
Mag., t. 5673. Stem ij^ — 3 feet high, brownish,
clothed with narrow lanceolate leaves, pointing
upwards — racemose at the top. Flowers from i — 6
in number ; perianth segments 3 — 4 inches long,
clear lemon, copiously spotted with claret-colored
well defined spots, sharply reflexed, the flower al-
most assuming a globular form. The slender
stems have a curious habit of running under the
surface of the soil, and if you place a bulb in the
center of a pot it is quite likely to appear near the
side. I find this species also dehghts in a mixture
of peat and leaf soil, my finest specimen being in
a damp bed planted in such a compost. It is
flowering very freely this season, and the individual
blooms are very fine. It is evidently very plenti-
ful in Japan, as it can be secured in quantity large
enough to make it much more plentiful than it is ;
of course the high figure which has up to the pre-
sent been asked for it has deterred many from se-
curing it. — Gardeners' Chronicle.

The Japanese, or Ram anas Rose. — Of all
single roses in flower, this is just now the best and
the sweetest. It is distinct and beautiful alike m
leafage and in blossom. Planted in good deep
rich soil, it spreads rapidly, throwing up strong
sucker shoots from its underground stems, and
these flower freely all the summer months, and
the flowers are succeeded by large oblate fruits or
hips, quite an inch in diameter, and of a bright
glossy lacquer-like red color wlien ripe. Its deep

green leaves, netted like those of Salix reticulata,
are much used by our lady friends to wear with
the half opened buds of China, Banksian, Tea and
other roses, or with the rich deep rosy buds of
this Japan rose itself. Cut in the bud state, its
flowers open out fresh and fair in water, and pos-
sess a singularly rich and piquant attar-like per-
fume. The snow-white variety is not quite so
common, but is, if possible, even more beautiful.
1 am sorry to hear that when the white variety is
obtained, it reverts to the red type sometimes ere
it blooms. — The Garden.

Iris juncea There is no Iris, except perhaps

the common I'seudacorus, that has such rich yel-
low flowers as this rare species, blossoms of which
have been sent to us by Mr. Edward Wallace,
' from the New Plant and Bulb Company's Nursery,
at Colchester. The flowers are about the same
size as those of the common Flag, but different in
form. It grows about the usual height of the
Spanish Iris, and the leaves, as the specific name
I implies, are Rush-like. When sent the flower-spike
I bore one expanded flower ; after this faded another
\ appeared from the spathe valves, and has lasted
three days in good condition in a cool room.
There are but few flowers in cultivation which
possess such a clear rich yellow as that of this
Iris. — The Garden.

Horticulture as an Element in Progress.
— Miss Viola Smith, Summit county, O., remarks :
" What can horticulture do towards making happy
homes for children ? Let us imagine a house
built on a plot of bare, plowed ground. Let noth-
ing be planted there, let nothing grow there, ex-
cept the weeds and briers which naturally spring
up. Let a family of children be reared in that
house and what will they be ? It is almost cer-
tain that they will develop one of two phases of
character. Either they will live in perpetual dis-
cord with their surroundings, hating their desolate
abiding-place and improving the first opportunity
to escape from it, or they will sink to the le%el of
their circumstances and be content in their degra-
dation. A child which could be patient with
such a situation in life, and yet refined in its na-
ture, would be one of those of whom wc say 'Not
long for this world.' There may have been a "few
such children, but they never need long graves.

" Now what can horticulture do for such a place?
First, it can make grass grow. It can change the
' rough clods, half-covered with dock and plantain,
to a well kept lawn, as green as emerald and al-
most as smooth as velvet. And who can estimate

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

69

the difference which that one improvement would
have made in the lives and destinies of the chil-
dren of that household ? It can not be estimated.
Such an improvement would have compelled
others, and they in turn others, and so the circle
would have gone on widening."

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Coning of Cedar of Lebanon. — Mr. Wm.
Fowler, Clifton Park, Baltimore, writes : " 1 send
you by mail two cones of Cedrus Libani. We
have two trees here which have borne seed for the
first time last year. Will you please inform me it
it is common for them to bear seed in this coun-
try ?"

[Cones have been produced by the trees in Lau-
rel Hill Cemetery, and other places in America,
but we have never seen such fine ones as these,
quite as large as any we have seen from the Old
Worid.

By the way, it is surprising that this famous and
beautiful cedar is so rare in collections. Like
most coniferas it loves protection from frosty

winds when young, but when a few years old will
take care of itself as well as most trees. — Ed.G.M.]

Grass for Sandy Ground A Merchantville,

N. J., correspondent says : " I am building a cot-
tage for summer use in Merchantville, N. J., — a
place where lawns do not seem to flourish. In
view of the poor soil, its very sandy nature, and
the fact that 1 will have considerable shade, would
you recommend me to plant seed of Bermuda
grass ? A writer in a recent number of your
worthy magazine extolled it highly. Where will I
be able to purchase seed ? Peter Henderson & Co.
have none for sale. I do not want to tax your
time too heavily ; a ' yes 'or ' no ' on the bottom
of this sheet will be greatly appreciated by your
correspondent."

[The Bermuda grass is but a poor substitute for
the lawn grass of the North. It is recommended
for the South, because they seem to have nothing
else. Bermuda grass would not be evergreen in
New Jersey. We publish our correspondent's
note in full, because we think one of the things
not yet known is a good lawn grass for sandy
ground in the North. — Ed. G. M.]

Greenhouse and House Gardening,

COMMUNICATIONS.

NOTES ON BEGONIAS.

BY JIRS. E. BONNER.

I have been a reader of the Gardeners'
Monthly for several years past. Have read with
much interest the history and introduction of new
plants, and especially of Begonias. We are, I
might say, enthusiastic plant lovers, and when the
bread and butter depend upon their successful
cultivation the enthusiasm naturally increases.
Our beginning was small, and for our own pleas-
ure, but grew in time to the dignity of " Maple
Grove greenhouses." The Begonias, sensible crea-
tures, were very soon attracted to me, and by their
winning ways have endeared themselves to me as
a class. Such being the case, we have brought
together a good collection, and our location seems
specially adapted to their growth and propagation.
I have experimented with all classes that we have,

as regards, seed, leaf and stem propagation, and
find that they are not very choice as to the man-
ner— they only ask for fair play. There have been
notices from time to time, in the Gardeners
Monthly, of new varieties of Begonias and other
plants, that I have watched for in the leading
catalogues, but have not been fortunate enough
to find them.

I have longed for an opportunity to know the
" whys and wherefores " of this, but was not quite
brave enough to "speak in meeting" until the
notice in the December number of Begonia florida
incomparabilis, by Geo. C. Butz.

Then I determined the world in general and the
Gardeners' Monthly in particular, should know
of my success in hybridizing that class of Begonias,
"Others have I," but will not inflict all at once. I
have not seen the Begonia referred to, but I have
some fine plants of my own growing, from seeds,
that are legitimate children, without doubt, of
Begonia Schmidtii and Begonia semper florens

7°

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

alba. The bloom is white and continuous, like
Schmidtii — a "wee bit" larger than Schmidtii^but
not quite so large as semperflorens. The leaves
are quite as large as those of semperflorens, and
more closely reined. The green leaf is modified
by both its parents. Plant, much more dense and
dwarf than semperflorens, and a better shape and
grower than Schmidtii.

They are plants worthy of a place in the bloom-
ing class of Begonias — but what can I do with them?
1 am "too remote " an individual to be the origin-
ator of new plants, and I doubt if I could persuade
Peter Henderson to give me a good round sum
for them, and adopt them as his grand-children.
It would be a proud day for me could I see them
placed beside his double Abutilon in the cata-
logues— they are in near proximity in our green-
houses.

I said I had not found any of the plants men-
tioned in the Monthly, but if it first noticed B.
Bruante and Goury, I take it back. I have those;
and as Mrs. R. B. Edson feelingly remarks in the
October number, in regard to Gynura aurantiaca,
"I feel it my solemn duty to give them a charac-
ter." Said character will be sufficiently portrayed
when I say that we have not had the conscience
to put them in our Novelty Catalogue. When
florists give such exhibitions of conscience as that,
there must be good cause for it.

The plants are alike in growth — long and strag-
gling, with now and then a forlorn-looking bloom
upon the tip ends of the stalks. One is described
as pink, but it is certainly a very faint tinge ; no
matter which has the pink bloom, but I really
think they alternate. 1 have not done the forlorn
side of their character justice — I am incapable of
it, but will take my leave of them for the pre-
sent.

I can sympathise with Mrs. R. li. Edson in re-
gard to Gynura aurantiaca. The glowing descrip-
tions given of it made me ready to overcome all
obstacles in the way of obtaining it. I grew it
one year, — and buried it with others of my dead
hopes.

I have several other experiences equally as har-
rowing. Some of my " dead " are still unburied,
and some still not quite ready to make " remains"
of ; among those was to have been a Blue Prim-
rose, of which you may hear more at some future
time. Xenia, Ohio.

[This chatty letter will be read with much in-
terest by many who love flowers. It is particu-
larly pleasant to know that Mrs. Bonner has been
so very successful in establishing herself in

business, and it aff"ords a useful lesson to many
ladies who are deciding on something to do.
But we fancy that all who read her remark,
that the enthusiasm in plant culture naturally
increases with one's pecuniary dependence
thereon, will not subscribe to that sentiment.
Facts show that the most successful plant growers
are among the amateur classes, who have no
further interest in the work than the mere love of
gardening, natural to everybody, but which they
have wisely cultivated.

Another point, in regard to the introduction oi
new varieties, and their dissemination through the
community, will attract attention. When new va-
rieties can be easily obtained they soon cease to
have any great commercial value. When there
is a probability that a striking novelty will con-
tinue to be novel and striking for several years,
the commercial man will take hold of it. It takes
at least two or three years to work up a good trade
for anything of this kind. Where new forms are
easily produced, and new and perhaps better
things may be introduced before one gets hardly
started with the other, the florist cannot afford to
take the risk.— Ed. G. M.]

WILLIAM FRANCIS BENNETT ROSE.

BY WALTER Vi . COLES.

Probably no rose was ever better known to the
public before it was sent out, than the new crimson
Tea, " William F. Bennett," known as the " Ben-
nett Rose." Having heard so much of it, and
being a rose grower myself, I made a visit to Mr.
Evans' place to see this celebrated novelty. I am
very favorably impressed with it, and I feel satis-
fied that it is all that is claimed for it. Mr. Evans
very kindly took me through the whole of his
houses ; which certainly constitute a very fine
range. The first one entered was the propagating
house, which was very complete ; and nothing is
propagated there but the new " Bennett Rose ; "
part of the house being filled with nice young
plants, in two and three-inch pots, ready to be
sent out March 15th. The next house was also
filled with healthy young stock in two and three-
inch pots. Another house which contained young
plants planted on benches last fall, showed re-
markably strong growth and freedom of bloom.
In the last house were the old plants received from
England ; they were very strong, and showed
thousands of buds. The plant is a very strong
grower, its foliage is large and bright ; and one of
these beautiful buds with a long stem is sure to

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AND HORTICULTURIST.

71

be appreciated by all. Its color is much like the
celebrated Jacqueminot, but its size and shape are
like a good Niphetos ; its fragrance is unsurpassed
by any other Tea rose ; in fact it far excels the beau-
tiful La France. This rose will certainly fill along
felt want, and will take the place of the Jacque-
minot. Clavmont, Del.

CANNA IRIDIFLORA EHEMANNI.

BY D. S. HEFFRON.

In the October number of the Gardeners'
Monthly, Mrs. R. B. Edson has an article under
the heading of " Summer Notes." The writer does
not find fault with the article, but especially com-
mends that portion of it referring to duplicate
names, to the careful attention of such as grow
plants for sale. There can be no justifiable apo-
logy for the frequent examples of such mistakes.( ?)
After I had flowered the really fine Canna Iridi-
ilora, Ehemanni, under the two parts of the name,
I wrote a firm of florists that I thought would be
likely to know, and inquired if the two were not
one and the same. By due course of mail the fol-
lowing answer was received, "Ehemanni is Iridi-
flora, or, correctly, Iridiflora is Ehemanni." The
writer seems to claim, without stating it, that Ehe-
manni was the original name. Now, recalling the
custom of many growers in Europe to follow the
name of the plant by their own, to designate that
they are the originators, I have ventured to
"guess" that the originator of this superb Canna
bears the name Ehemann, and that he named it
Iridiflora. When it was catalogued by the grower
or some one else, it was under the form of the
name that first appears in this card above. If my
supposed explanation of the two names for the
same Canna is not correct, will some one of the
readers of your valuable journal, who knows the
original name and by whom the plant was origin-
ated, set me right ? When I am in pursuit of in-
formation, I am quite willing to have the error
involved in a "guess" pointed out.

Note.— If my explanation is correct, or is shown
to be wrong, who will pay back to innocent buyers
what they have invested in duplicate plants ?

Washington Heights, III.

[Florists in good standing cannot be too parti-
cular about accuracy in the names of plants.
Nothing hurts the reputation more than mistakes
in this particular. With the best intentions, how-
ever, mistakes cannot always be helped, nor can
the injury be helped that is sure to follow to the
one who makes it. — Ed. G. M.l

NOTES ON NEW PLANTS.

BY M. H. LESTER.

Several years ago, when I first commenced to
take the Monthly, I never read the advertise-
ments ; now, they are the first part I look over, to
see if there be anything new. We get all novel-
ties, whether plants or seeds, likely to do well
here. I got seed of Impatiens Sultani when it
was first advertised in London. It is the best new
thing we have found in a long time. I have one
plant now that was out all summer, in a 7-
inch pot, covered with bloom. Tops taken ofif
about three weeks ago, are now in thumbs, with
four and five flowers on each. Tops of Ginura
aurantiaca, taken off in the fall, look real pretty
now in 3 and 4-inch pots, but it is coarse and
weedy looking planted out. The best three flow-
ering plants here, at this time, are, Centropogon
Lucianus, Delechampia Roesliana rosea, and
Meyenia erecta. In climbing plants we have
nothing comes near to Ipomoea Horsfallii.

Some one going through one of our houses a
day or so ago, asked me what " Solanum " some-
thing was ? Well, it was Luculia gratissima, and
the more I look at it, the more it does look like
some Solanum. 1 don't think I care so much
about Luculia gratissima as I did. [You will
when it flowers freely. — Ed. G. M.]

Jasmineum gracillimum does not come up to
my expectations. Along with some of the newer
varieties of Rex Begonias received last season
from London, I got two flowering varieties, name-
ly, Amabilis and Ascotensis, highly recommended
as winter bloomers. I have several good healthy
plants of each in 5-inch pots, but I don't think I
shall ever know, by them, when winter has ar-
rived over the water, for as yet, they don't look as
if they ever would bloom.

Parties often inquire of me the reason their
Dendrobiums never appear to grow so well as
when they put them to rest. I have not much
time for correspondence, and it might be as good
a time as any for your correspondent. Epiphyte,
if he could spare the time, or some one else that
can put it in words better than I, to explain this.
Circumstances don't admit of getting them just
right all the time myself. The time for rest is the
season we have most rain here ; consequently
more moisture in the atmosphere. And besides, I
have to rest them amongst growing plants. I
know some amateurs who get them to perfection,
and no one puts a hand to them but themselves.
Gardener to Prof. Richardson, New Orleans.

72

THE QARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

THE CARNATION DISEASE.

BY CHARLES HENDERSON.

I may be repeating something already said in
the Monthly about this matter, but it is of such
importance that I think most of your readers inte-
rested will excuse it. I think we have demonstrated
that the cause of the Carnation disease, and, in
fact, of most of the other diseases of plants is, first,
from lessened vigor in the variety, first caused by
treatment contrary to what the nature of the plant
demands. To begin with, the Carnation for the
past twenty-five years has been forced for winter
flowering in almost every section of the country,
and nearly in all cases by the same process of
keeping a temperature at night, averaging, from
November to April, at least 55"^, with perhaps 15O
more during the day. Cuttings are taken off from
the forced plants, put into a propagating house,
often at a high temperature, and when rooted are
grown along at the same temperature at which the
plants that are forced for flowers are grown, until
they are planted out in the open ground in May,
where the temperature outside is nearly as high as
that they have been enduring under glass. Now
when we consider that the Carnation is nearly a
hardy plant, demanding for its best growth a period
of rest in winter, the wonder is that it has not re-
belled long ago against such bad treatment ; but
the complaints are now so general that it is evident
that unless some means are used to avert the trou-
ble, it will soon be the exception to find a healthy
stock of Carnations in winter. Some kinds seem
to succumb sooner than others. La Purite was
one of the first to give out, but there is hardly now
a variety that has been grown for six years, but
in some locality or another is failing. There
are two ways in which the trouble may be pre-
vented, the first of which we have been practising
for a number of years with complete success with
every variety except La Purite, and even that has
much improved. Our plan is to take the cuttings
oft' during November and December. They get
rooted enough to fill two-inch pots by about
this date (February ist), when they are knocked
out of the pots and the balls packed close in shal-
low flats, holding one hundred or so, and they are
then put either into cold houses or the ordinary
cold frames, and covered up with straw mats so as
to keep them from being severely frozen. Kept
in this way, they can be planted out just as soon
as the ground is dry enough in the Spring, usually
about April ist. The other plan, which we tried
for the first time last winter, is to heel away our

stock plants in cold frames, and take the cuttings
from these any tirhe from January to March. The
object in both cases is the same ; to rest the plants,
as their nature demands. Mr. John Murchie
covers the whole ground, we think, when he says,
" Quit striking your plants from plants that have
been forced." Now, if it be true that the Carna-
tion disease is a consequence of uninterrupted
" forcing " from year to year, I think we need not
look further to find the reason of many of the other
ills that plant life is heir to. The "sickness"
among Violets is so general now, that it is rare to
find a healthy stock. They, too, like the Carna-
tion, have been forced for a generation, and though
at not quite' so high a temperature as the Carna-
tion, yet certainly at a higher temperature in
winter than they would be in their natural habitat.
If this is the cause, the remedy is obviously the
same as in the Carnation — give the stock from
which you propagate a rest in winter. That debi-
lity in vegetable life invites parasitical germs can-
not be doubted. All experienced propagators
know that excessive cutting of a new plant for
stock, not only renders the original plant itself
liable to parasitical attacks, but the weakness fol-
lows into the progeny for years.

We have several cases in point this season.
The new Heliotropes, Swanley Giant and King of
Night, are both affected with black rust, while in
over twenty other varieties in our stock not a sign
of it is present. " Black Rust," so termed, affects
many species of plants, but is best known as af-
fecting Verbenas and Heliotropes. When ex-
amined by a powerful microscope it is found to be
caused by a lobster-like insect, which rarely at-
tacks plants in health. In fact we have proved
again and again that when plants such as Ver-
benas and Heliotropes have become pot-bound
the insect attacks them, while those shifted at the
proper time and stood alongside of them have
been completely exempt from its ravages. But to
return to Carnations. You, Mr. Editor, are prob-
ably correct in saying that we can not combat
with the disease when its attacks are made in the
forcing benches. If, however, the debilitated
state invites fungus there may be a temporary
remedy in using lime water, made by using about
half a pound of lump lime to each gallon of
water and putting it on clear, when the soil is dry
enough to require water. The best Rose growers
in this vicinity use lime water in the same way
whenever there are indications by paleness of the
leaves that this insidious parasite may be sapping
the roots. .Another parasite of the Carnation that

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AND HORTICULTURIST.

73

attacks the shoots is what, for want of a better
name, has been called the " Carnation Twitter."
The indication of its presence is a twisting or curl-
ing of the leaves, and on examination of plants in
that state it can be seen with the naked eye. It is
a quick-moving insect, like the point of a cambric
needle, and about the 20th part of an inch in
length. In its different stages is green or black
in color. Whenever any of the Dianthus tribe is
attacked by this insect they rarely recover. So
far there seems to be no remedy for it, as it bur-
rows down in the heart of the shoots, getting out
of the reach of anything that might destroy it.
It however does not seem to be always invited by
debility of the plant. I remember several years
ago when we used to grow the hardy garden Car-
nations largely for summer flowers, that it once
struck into a batch of nearly 20,000 plants that
had stood unprotected in the open ground all
winter. Its action was peculiar. Beginning seem-
ingly with one plant it radiated sometimes to a di-
ameter of 20 feet in patches all over the bed,
rendering utterly useless all that it attacked. The
only consolation is that it seems to come only at
long intervals. Jersey City Heights, N. J.

GAS TAR.

BY N. ROBERTSON.

Comment is not necessary to show the bad re-
sults of using gas tar on heating pipes. So many
instances have been recorded in horticultural
works, of its injurious effects on plants, that no
reader will fall into the error of using it.

But I have experienced the ill effects of it in an-
other way which plainly demonstrates its detri-
mental properties. Three years ago I had a green-
house built ; and in a novel position. It was on
the top of a substantial shed ; but circumstances
were such that no other place was available. This
shed was on the lower level of eighteen feet from
where I had to put it ; its roof coming to the level
of my other houses, with which I wanted to con-
nect it. This roof was what is called a flat one,
covered with galvanized iron. On this it was
built. Knowing that it would be difficult to heat
with the space cold below, 1 had first a good coat-
ing of tar and sand put over the roof of the
shed, so as to make it perfectly close, and then
six inches of well-packed concrete. Knowing the
Ijad results arising from tar, I was extremely care-
ful that every portion should be close, but as soon
as the heating commenced its smell became strong,
doing considerable dMmage. 1 was in a dilemma,

as bad almost as if the pipes had been covered
with tar. To tear up the floor at that season of
the year, with the house full of plants, and no
other place to put them in, the other houses being
taxed already to the fullest extent, was out of the
the question. The floor seemed so close that one
would think no gas could escape. However, I
gave it another cover of cement, made as thin as
could be, so that it would run into any cracks that
might exist. This gave me partial relief, so that
the bad effects were much reduced, and in the end
disappeared entirely. I send you this statement
as a warning to all that may construct greenhouses,
never to use gas tar in any connection whatever
with them. Supt. Govt. Grounds, Ottawa, Can.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Improving Garden Flowers. — Few florists
know how much may be made by persistent and
intelligent attempts to improve garden flowers.
Mr. Rupp undertook the Chinese Primrose some
years ago. So successful has he been, that his
sales of seeds annually, at first but a few dollars,
now go into the many hundreds. Of course he
judiciously advertises as well as improves.

Cypripedium GRANDE.— Messrs. Veitch, Chel-
sea, London, continue in the good work of raising
hybrid orchids, and are lucky enough in produc-
ing some kinds that are quite as distinct and re-
markable as species discovered in their native
tropical homes. The one now figured is one of
the latest. They furnish us with the following ac-
count of it :

"A hybrid of exceptional merit raised by our
foreman, Mr. Seden, from C. Roezhi and C. cau-
datum, the latter being the pollen parent. It is
the most robust Cypripedium known ; its sword-
shaped leaves attain a length of from 24 to 30
inches, and are of a bright glossy green ; the
scape is robust in proportion, exceeding a yard in
height, and is many-flowered. The flowers are 6
inches across the sepals from tip to tip. The dor-
sal sepal is yellowish white traversed with yellow-
ish green veins ; the lower sepal is similar with
paler veins. The petals are ribbon-like, more than
a foot long, quite pendulous, pale crimson except
the broader basilar portion, which is yellowish
veined with green. The lip is large and promi-
nent, greenish yellow above, whitish beneath, the
infolded lobes whitish spotted with crimson around
the base ; the staminode is pale yellow slightly

74

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

flushed with crimson below, and with its upper plant, that ' there are few hybrids which have
edge fringed with blackish crimson hairs. I given me so much pleasure as this, since I expect

Cypripedium grande.

"Professor Reichenbach, in the Gardeners' \\. maiX develop by and by into an even more
Chronicle, vol. xv. (l88l), p. 462, remarks of this superb thing, justifying its name.' "

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

75

Heating and Glazing at Rcehrer Broth-
ers, Lancaster, Pa. — Those who love to study
progress in floriculture would find themselves well
repaid by a call on Roshrer Brothers, florists, Lan-
caster, Pennsylvania. They own twelve acres of
ground in the suburbs of this flourishing city,
which they secured a few years ago for §12,000.
It fronts on the old turnpike, which, before the
days of steam, was the grand highway for wagons
between Philadelphia and the West. They are
market growers, and the first block of houses were
built chiefly for advancing vegetables, and were
heated by flues. As the demand for flovvefs grew,
another block followed, heated by hot water; and
since the advent of the great taste for cut flowers,
another block has been erected which has been
heated by steam. They afford a good opportunity
to test the various systems. The steam-heated
buildings were working to entire satisfaction.
These cover 5,000 feet of ground surface, and are
heated by a boiler made by a Reading firm, atid
guaranteed by the makers to keep the houses
warm under a low e.xternal temperature, with no
care of the fires between 9 in the evening and 5 in
the morning. It hardly does this, however ; but then
we could hardly expect to leave even a hot-water
furnace, or one with the old-fashioned flues, with
so little attention in very severe weather. The
steam-heated houses have however a great advan-
tage in a system of glazing in use by the owners,
and tor which they have applied for a patent. In
this plan the glass is simply placed on the sash
bar, the panes edge to edge, and the whole held
in place by a thin metal slip, galvanized, which,
like a cap, completely covers the outer portion of
the sash bar, on which it is screwed down and
thus firmly holds the glass in place, while it wholly
excludes moisture and prevents the escape of the
warm internal air. Should a pane of glass get ac-
cidentally broken, the metal cap is unscrewed, the
whole column of glass pushed up from the bottom,
and another placed at the end. A screw or some
similar contrivance prevents the long column of
glass from slipping. Under the old systems of
putting the panes of glass edge to edge, and the
whole then puttied, breakage was the great objec-
tion. It was almost impossible to fit another in.
It is much easier to fit in a new pane under this
new plan than under any old method. But a
great advantage of this system is that it takes
away one of the great sources of broken glass —
the freezing of water between the laps. Under
the old system of lapping glass, especially if the
panes were wide or the glass of poor quality, the

breakage from this cause is usually heavy in most
establishments, especially if there is much jar from
wind or other causes while the temperature is low.
Another great advantage is that there is much
less escape of heat than under lapped glass. The
edges are not quite so close that one might not now
and then draw a hair through ; but it is very rare
that wider spaces and a much greater loss of heat
do not follow from the usual lapping plan. But
the greatest advantage of all is the superior light
which this system gives. Dust and slime soon
collects under the ordinary greenhouse lap, and
where this is the case there might as well be no
glass. A quarter of inch lap in every six inches
of sash is equal to three inches of blank surface —
say four per cent, of actual waste. Some may
think this of little account, but those who have
had experience in growing winter flowers in a
new house where the light was unobstructed will
know how important every ray is to success. In
some cases the roughness of edge in a closely fit-
ted pane might lead to a little drip sometimes ; but
if this should occur a little white lead in sliding up
the glasses would probably be effectual.

The question of glazing greenhouses will yet be
an important one. The steam heating subject has
overridden this so far, but is scarcely of more
consequence to complete success. The Horticul-
tural Hall at New Orleans has been glazed on the
Rendle Patent plan, which also provides for the
glass being placed edge to edge, instead of being
overlapped. Any suggestions in this direction
will be welcomed by our readers.

In these houses rose culture is a great success.
The plants are renewed every three years. Let-
tuce and radishes are grown between the roses,
but are drawn out before the roses get far into
growth. About January carnations and some
other things are taken completely out and their
places occupied by young bedding plants which
are sold off in market in spring.

Dinner-Table Decor.^tion. — What may be
called a golden rule in dinner-table decoration is,
always to have some distinct feature in each ar-
rangement. If a design is worked out in colored
leaves, let them be used in such quantities and in
such a way as to give color and efiect to the
whole. If cut flowers are used for filling glasses
or epergnes, let them form the prominent feature
of the arrangement, and sometimes let plants,
either large or small, supply color, grace, and
beauty. One of the most popular ways of dec-
orating a dinner table is, to use rather tall trumpet-

76

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

shaped glasses with projecting arms, which sup-
port smaller cups or trumpets around the central
one, and a rather wide dish-like base. The dish
should be arranged with the largest flowers, using
as much as possible those that show to the best
advantage when the eye looks down upon them.
AUamandas, Dipladenias, upright-growing Roses,
Chrysanthemums, and Camellias are all good for
the purpose, with a few sprays of some light
material to take off the stiffness; but it is not
necessary to make the base particularly light
when you have a tier of smaller glasses above.
The arrangement of these should always be ex-
tremely light and graceful ; nothing approaching
stiffness or heaviness is allowable. The flowers
used should be of the lightest description, such as
Bouvardias, Jasmines, Begonias, Plumbagos,
Ericas, and Epacrises, with a few grasses inter-
mixed, and a light fringe of Adiantum or Pteris
serrulata, to which might be added a few sprays
of Fuchsias, Begonia fuchsioides, or any other
small pendulous flowers. When the above plan
is well carried out there is nothing to surpass it
for elegance and beauty. It is also a style that
finds great favor with the judges at many of the
best exhibitions.

A very pretty effect c.\n also be obtained by
using small plants or I-erns placed in glass, silver,
or china ornaments, and dotted about at regular
intervals on the table, with one large plant and a
few smaller ones tastefully arranged in a bowl for
the centre. There are numbers of plants suitable
for the purpose. I will mention a few that I have
found particularly so : Pandanus Veitchii, P. utilis,
and P. elegantissimus, Dracaenas terminalis, ignea,
and congesta, Crotons angustifolius and Chelsonii,
Asparagus plumosus nanus, Cyperus alternifolius
and variegatus (struck from tops), Grevillea ro-
busta, and Caladium argyrites. Aralias Veitchii
and gracilis are often used on account of their
lightness, but one great objection to them is the
dull color of their leaves, which do not look well
by artificial light. The best Aralia I know for
the purpose is A. leptophylla, which has the same
style of growth as A. Veitchii, with leaves of a
fresh green color. — Journal of Horticulture.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Gas Tar in Greenhouses. — A correspondent
from Dundas, Ontario, writes : " I had a small
conservatory built last summer, 16x20, and heated
by a Hitchings boiler through coils of four-inch

cast pipes. I had a lot of fine monthly roses
heated through the summer for winter blooming,
and which was put in the conservatory early in
the fall along with an assortment of other flowers.
They all grew nicely until the heating with the
boiler was started, then every thing went back ;
the leaves withered on the roses, the buds on the
other flowers dropped off, and I got quite dis-
couraged until I read your article in the January
number of the Gardeners' Monthly and Horti-
culturist. I had coated the heating pipes with
gas tar. I am now in a quandary whether to let the
flowers freeze or creosote them, (which you say is
the only alternative,) until I can burn the tar off
the pipes in the summer. I have only taken your
magazine the past year ; had I taken it sooner I
might have saved myself the disappointment and
annoyance of trying to grow flowers in the
poisonous atmosphere of gas tar.

[It will do good service if anything effective
can be discovered which will destroy the creosote
element, without taking down the pipes. If any
one learn, we shall be glad to know. — Ed. G. M.]

Ravages of the Rose Bug. — A correspondent
writes, under date of January 13th: "Enclosed
please find two specimens of what we call rose
bugs and grub. We have lost a number of roses,
especially Niphetos, by this so-called grub which
is produced by the rose bug. Having thrown out all
our Niphetos which were entirely eaten, they have
now taken to a house of Perle des Jardins and we
fear that in a short time we will lose all of them.
We have been gathering the bugs every day for
the past month, but there are so many grubs in
the ground that it seems to be of no use. We
have now taken to overhauling all the ground, but
are bound to miss a great many. I have tried
Paris green, tobacco water, hellebore, lime, soap-
suds, and nothing seems to kill them except
boiling or burning them."

[We could not make out from the crushed
larvae sent, whether this was really the common
rose-bug of our gardens, or of the more danger-
ous Aranigus Fulleri. However, whatever will
destroy one, should be good against the other, and
we shall be glad to have notes from those who
have had success. — Ed. G. M.]

The Double Oxalis.— Mr. J. H. Slocombe,
New Haven, Conn., says: "Is it not Oxalis
cernua plena, instead of lutea plena, your corres-
pondent inquired about ? This variety is large and
very double. Was imported from Germany into
New Haven about eight years ago."

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

n

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE INSECT PROBLEM,

BY T. BENNETT.

I see by the last issue of the Monthly an in- 1
quiry on the subject of insect depredations. Allow
me a few words on this important subject. Is it
not time to take decisive steps in this matter and
form some systematic plan for insect destruction ?
I behave the time has come to effect this.

We have been long acquainted with the natural
history of most of the insects injurious to vegeta-
tion, but here the matter drops, and but little
practical has been achieved. This insect ques-
tion has become one of the most important to the
whole country, far more important than most
people are aware of. For many years insects have
increased at an alarming rate. At the present
ratio of increase, if there be not some means de-
vised to put a stop to their progress, the farmer,
gardener and nurseryman may well be apprehen-
sive for the future. Birds and parasites do a
great deal, but much more than this must be done
if we would successfully grapple with the enemy.

United States officials have told us ; "The ag-
gregate annual loss to the nation from insect de-
predations amounts to hundreds of millions, and
there is a loud call for relief." But they do not
tell us the way to relief. Now, therefore, let the
question be agitated, and we have reason to ex-
pect some valuable results.

I have been informed that the U. S. Congress
has in contemplation a bill calculated to give
every man a chance to try and find out a proper
remedy for totally subduing, or at least keeping
under control, the different species of destructive
insects, by awarding a suitable premium for the
most reliable plans. This appears to be a move
in the right direction, and will undoubtedly bring
•into the field all the skill and e.xperience of which
the country is capable ; it may save a great deal
of useless expenditure, for is it not apparent that
practice, the result of patient trials, many experi-
ments, and much research, is what we shall have
to depend upon ?

Botany, entomology and chemistry, though
most excellent sciences in themselves, do not

teach how to destroy insects. These however
may help very much, if the knowledge they can
impart be utilized properly for that purpose, but
without practical experience which leads to a sort
of intuitive knowledge of the subject, they are of
but little use. Geometry may help a good me-
chanic, but it will never make one.

It is apparent, if such a law be carried out fully,
it will give an impetus to renewed exertion — help
to set the wheels of invention in motion — and with
other wise and beneficent laws, tend to promote
the general welfare.

A paper, too, issued by the Department of Agri-
culture, a sort of bulletin, weekly or semi-monthly,
giving the new schemes and devices in the war-
fare against insects, and everything worthy of
note, would strengthen the relations that should
exist between the governing power and the people.
They would see that by such work by the govern-
ment, the real welfare of the whole community
was being practically as well as theoretically cared
for. Chambersburg, Trenton, N. J.

A HUNDRED BUSHELS OF APPLES FROM
ONE TREE.

BY N. S. PL.\TT.

In the Gardeners' Monthly for December
some one mentions the case of an apple tree bear-
ing forty-three bushels of apples in one year, and
asks for record of larger yield.

I would call to your notice a tree in this town
belonging to Mr. Delos Hotchkiss, which is be-
lieved to be the largest apple tree in New England.
In 1880 when I measured it it had eight large
branches, each of them as large as an ordinary
, full-grown apple tree. The spread of these
i branches is six rods ; five of them in one year have
borne eighty-five bushels of fruit, since Mr. Hotch-
kiss owned the place ; and his predecessor had
over one hundred bushels in one year from the
same five branches, which had a habit of bearing
one year and the other three the next.

Cheshire, Conn.

[Our correspondent has our best thanks for the

information. If we are not mistaken in the identity

of Mr. Hotchkiss, he is a descendant of a warm

friend of the unfortunate Louis of France, who dared

78

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

to accompany the king to the guillotine. His last
gift on earth was to this friend — -his watch, which
is still treasured as one of the richest possessions
of the family. It is a remarkable piece of mechan-
ism ; a small figure with a hammer in his hand
strikes the hour on a little bell, when it is desirable
to know the hour in the dark. It is an extremely
ingenious contrivance for a watch. Two such
treasures in members of one family ; the one a
natural wonder as in this apple tree, the other of
art as in this watch, is a fact of rare occurrence.
—Ed. G. M.]

GRAPE ROT.
BY MR. DEI*yS ZIRNGIEBEL.

In the October number of the Gardeners'
Monthly, inquiries are made about the cause of
grape rot, so prevalent in the Western States.
It is probably caused by planting on deep soils
and want of drainage, especially when grown on
level lands. At the time of ripening considerable
warmth at the roots is required to ripen the grapes,
which cannot be expected when the roots have
reached the cold sub-soil. The rot very seldom
makes its appearance the first few years after
planting, while the roots are near the surface. On
the thin soils of New England we are never
troubled with it.
V It was quite common once, in glass graperies,
under the name of " shanking," but experience has
taught gardeners the necessity of well drained
borders. The disease is not constant and will
vary with the seasons. On the whole, the success
of grape growing depends mostly on the location
of vineyards. Side hills and declivities, providing
for natural drainage, are more adapted to it than
level lands where drainage is difficult. In the latter
case, throwing up the land in ridges four to five
feet high and eight to ten feet apart, might obviate
the trouble somewhat. The growth would not be
so luxuriant, but the crop would be surer to raise
and be of better quality. Needham, Mass.

experience the best results were obtained by plant-
ing where the sun would shine upon the plants
until about ten in the morning, and then they re-
quired the shade of a fence, house, barn, or trees.
1 grew only smooth sorts.

Three years ago I received a new strain of the
English gooseberry, — at least new to me, — that
pleases me very much. It is large, oval, yellowish-
green when fully ripe, and of fine flavor. And what
is most commendable in it is, that it has neither
shown mildew on fruit nor foliage exposed to the
full rays of the sun, in Illinois, all day, without any
mulch. I cannot see why it is not as healthy and
hardy as the Downing, while the fruit is twice as
large.

The friend who sent it to me is a successful
amateur grower of fruits and flowers, but does not
know the origin of his English gooseberry ; but
says it may be a sport from some old English sort
that he used to grow, or a seedling that originated
in his grounds. He has fruited it for eight or ten
years without mildew, but I think he generally
mulches to keep the weeds down. It has fruited
with me two years, bearing perfect fruit, simply by
frequent hoeing. There are no plants for sale.

Washington Heights, III.

ENGLISH GOOSEBERRY.
BY H.
In the February number of your useful journal
I observed an article headed, " Is the English
Gooseberry worth growing ?" I used to grow this
fruit quite successfully in Central New York, but
could not do it without mulching and shading.
The plants would not always suffer exposed to
the full sun, but the fruit would scald and fre-
quently mildew and thus be worthless. In my

EMPIRE STATE GRAPE.

BY JOHN CHARLTON.

Like Mr. Geo. W. Campbell, 1 have my doubts
as to the ascribed parentage of this fine new,
white variety. I must confess, that 1 am at a loss
to understand how Hartford Prolific and Clinton
could produce such a remarkable result as is here
obtained. I have thought well of this variety, from
its first appearance. I told Mr. Ricketts at the
time he first exhibited it at the American Pomolog-
ical Society's meeting here in Rochester, that to
my mind it was a very likely candidate for public
favor ; and which now, after considerable further
experience and acquaintance with it, I am pre-
pared to say that I believe there is more commer-
cial value in it to the growers for market purposes
than there is in the whole of Mr. Ricketts' other
seedlings combined ; the awards of the committees
of the American Pomological Society to the con-
trary notwithstanding. Its merits are, as I have
observed them to be, as follows : The vine is a
free grower, witli dark colored healthy foliage,
producing firm, short-jointed wood, which does not
fail to ripen as thoroughly or better than the Con-
cord, and so far has not exhibited the slightest
tendency to mildew. It bears very handsome

i885-

AND HORTICULTURIST.

79

bunches, of a greenish-white color, covered with a
fine bloom. Berries round and very persistent,
medium in size, and of excellent refreshing quality.
Taking all things into consideration, 1 regard it
as the best white grape so far offered to the pub-
lic. Of much better quality than either Pockling-
ton or Niagara, with not the faintest trace of foxi-
ness in its composition. Its strong constitution,
fine showy delicate bunches, coupled with its good
quality, speak volumes for its success. Like Mr.
Campbell, I also regard it as a desirable new
variety of more than passing excellence.

Rochester, N. \.

ZINC LABELS.

BY J. R. S.

I send you specimens of a method of using zinc
labels for roses, herbaceous plants, &c. 1 have
used them (zinc labels) for more than twenty
years with great satisfaction on trees, and recently
have tried them for roses, &c. by inserting the
ends in the ground, but they are very liable to get
covered up or displaced when cultivating the
plants. This plan obviates that difficulty and
makes a cheap and permanent label. The rods
for support are of |4^-inch iron l8 inches long, so
tough that the loops can be turned cold. Having
a supply of that kind of rods on hand, I make
them myself and can complete fifty of them in an
afternoon ready to receive the labels, which are
obtained from the tinman at the cost of one dollar
per hundred. These are made 5 '^f mches long by
\Y% inches wide, giving room for the name of the
plant in large letters and leaving space for remarks
on the class, color, date of planting, &c.

The stoutest fence wire would probably do in-
stead of the X-inch rods I use. Rahway, N. J.

[The zinc labels are written on by' an ordinary
lead pencil. At first it is barely traced by the eye,
but gets blacker with age, and is indelible. In
orchard trees we have found the eye of the label
to wear out very easily when in contact with the
copper wire. If a brass eyelet could be punched
into the zinc eye-hole, it would be an additional
advantage we believe to the excellent hint of our
correspondent.^Ed. G. M.]

introduce into Alaska? It is noteworthy that
Heard's Island, which is even more remote and
bleak than Kerguelen or Desolation Island itself,
has a species of wild cabbage, valued by mariners
and seal-catchers as an article of food. Fuegia,
where the excellent bishop of the Falkland Islands
is conducting a successful and very interesting
missionary work, ought to be a good place for the
Pringlea to thrive in, and in no country is such a
plant more needed.

If I remember rightly, Mr. Darwin found in
Soutnern Patagonia a very palatable wild celery.
Now, since our cultivated celery is said to be the
offspring or development of a wild plant which is
scarcely palatable, why should not the wild Pata-
gonian plant be capable of a desirable improve-
ment in cultivation? Novelties in the market-
garden are always in order. ,

I lately had an interview with a gentleman who
has visited Patagonia. He states that no country
in the world promises better for cattle-ranching
than the northern two-thirds of that region. The
climate is good, the country grassy and well wa-
tered, with good harbors, and few wild animals,
except Indians. Merchaniville, N. J.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

INTRODUCTION OF NEW VEGETABLES.
BY FILIX.

Why would not the Kerguelen-Land Cabbage
(Pringlea antiscorbutica) be a valuable plant to

American Apple Trade.— A correspondent of
the London Gardening World regrets that Eng-
land will have to spend ten million dollars in
American apples this winter, but finds some con-:
solation in the thought that the apples will be
brought to England in English vessels, and thus
this part of the money will remain in England,
and the profits also are included in these millions,
which the English will also retain. Just how
much of the ten miUions will come to the United
States is not stated.

Corner in Oranges.— Not a commercial " cor-
ner " exactly, but a safe corner in a cold room, is
the latest project in Florida. Now they have to
be sent to market when ready, and sold at any
price that can be got for them. It is proposed to
form a company and get an immense building,
kept cool, so that the oranges need not be mar-
keted till the several gluts are over.

Celery, Early Arlington.— This is spoken
well of by Boston people. It is a short, stocky
variety, of similar appearance to the well-known
Boston Market.

8o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

The Cut-leaved English Blackberry. — A
Lansing, Leavenworth county, Kan., correspon-
dent writes : " I am a grower of small fruit and
vegetables for market. I obtained through a friend
(who has traveled extensively in the far West) a
blackberry plant from the Sierra Nevada moun-
tain slope in Nevada, in the autumn of 1871 ;
planted it and have tested it thoroughly, and find
it to be ' the hardiest ' 1 ever knew ; a very heavy
bearer, fruit large and luscious, inclined to a long
or thimble shape, ripening with me from July 10
to August 1 5, and a few berries up into Septem-
ber. We call it the Nevada blackberry."

[Here we have again our old friend the cut-
leaved English blackberry ; not, as we have said, a
native of this continent, but an introduction from

the Old World. There will be no excuse for nam-
ing it over again — Nevada blackberry or anything
else. The native blackberry of the Pacific coast
is Rubus ursinus, and of little account as a fruit.

It is however very interesting to know that this
old English variety is doing so well in the West-
ern portions of the new world. — Ed. G. M.]

Vine Culture in America. — A New England
correspondent says : " Born amongst the vine-
yards of the French part of Switzerland I have al-
ways taken an interest in vine culture. I did start
even here once with that view, but found soon
that, in the hard climate of New England, I could
not compete with the low prices of Western grape
growers, so had to give it up ; but have still kept
an interest in it, and have great hopes of its suc-
cess, especially in California, which has a great
future before it."

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FACTS IN FORESTRY.

BY AVERY P. SLADE.

• Zebulon Pratt of Bridgewater, purchased twenty-
five acres of wornout land in North Middleborough
for $25 per acre, and in the spring of 1863 had it
set to white pines, at an expense of about ^200.
Tne plants were from six to eighteen inches high
and were set in rows ten feet apart each way. In
December, 1883, they were from twelve to sixteen
inches in diameter and in a thrifty condition, and
Mr. Pratt has been awarded premiums by the
Plymouth County Agricultural Society for the
best plantation of pines. The lot is now taxed for
$800, which is based on a two thirds valuation,
and, as towns are inclined to favor such experi-
ments, it is fair to presume that this is not too high
a valuation, and that the cash value of the lot is
S1200. The cost of the land (S225), setting the
trees ($195) and taxes for twenty years, aggregate
$540, which, in twenty years, at compound interest
at five per cent., amounts to ,5143', or 8:231 more
than its supposed value. But Mr. Pratt says he
did not embark in this enterprise for profit, but to

benefit the inhabitants of the village, and that he
might be remembered pleasantly by those coming
after him. Had he planted with a sole view to
profit he would have put the trees 10 feet by 6, in-
stead of 10 by 10, thus having 726 trees to the acre,

I instead of 425. It is pretty generally conceded that

I pines 6 feet by 10 will make a growth of more value
than at a greater distance apart.

At 10 feet by 10, there is a greater growth of
branches, which are of little value, and less
growth of body than when planted nearer. Now,
if 425 trees to the acre brings the value of the lot
up to $1200, 726 trees to the acre would be worth
the round sum of ,?2ooo, which is S272 more than
the whole outlay would have amounted to_at six
per cent, compound interest for twenty years.
This plantation, Mr. Slade reported from personal

i observation, covers a sterile ridge of sand and
gravelly loam. What surprised him most was the
number and extent of the branches; beginning

\ near the ground, each tree seemed to vie with its
neighbor in throwing them out horizontally in
every direction, from five to fifteen feet in length,
interlocking so as to form in many places an abso-
lutely impenetrable jungle. The conviction was
irresistible that had the trees been properly

1885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

8i

trimmed from time to time (and the wood would
have paid the expense), the present value would
have been at least one-third more. There were
said to be 10,775 trees, and could the whole
growth have been thrown mto the trunks, they
would at a moderate estimate have been worth 25
cents each, or a total of $2694, exclusive of the
land.

J. D. G. Williams of Raynham, set a piece of
pine in 1850, the value of the land being $10 per
acre and the cost of setting jf; per acre, and after
twenty-five years' growth the standing wood was
sold for $150 per acre, affording a very large pro-
fit, and leaving the land in good condition to set
again. Mr. Williams also set a piece of pine in
1841 on land of the same value, the cost of setting
being $6 per acre. This is, perhaps, one of the
earliest experiments of the" kind ever made in
Bristol county. The trees apparently came to
maturity in 1876, having made no perceptible
growth since that time. They were set in rows,
from six to nine feet apart and from four to six
feet in the rows. The lot has an eastern exposure
and the trees on the eastern side were evidently
set for a wind break, being not more than four
feet apart. They are large, with many strong
angular branches, resembling in shape an oak as
much as a pine, and contain as much timber as
those less exposed, but it is not so valuable. In
1876 an experienced lumberman estimated this
wood at seventy-five cords to the acre, two-thirds
being suitable for box boards, worth at the mill,
three miles distant, six dollars per cord. No
arithmetic is required to show this to have been a
profitable investment.

The late Richard Sampson, of Middleborough,
set pine trees on a piece of land too poor to culti-
vate, which are now thirty-one years old, and esti-
mated to be worth $150 per acre, and would prob-
ably bring a much higher figure. This piece con-
tains about ten acres, and is remarkably thrifty,
and its growth during the next ten years will
greatly increase its value.

The above instances of rapid growth and profit-
able results are not exceptional, but are selected
because their history could be given more in de-
tail than others. Plantations of pines from five to
thirty years old may be found in Norton, Mans-
field, Taunton, Raynham, Easton, Randolph, Mid-
dleborough and the Bridgewaters, all giving prom-
ise of remunerative results.

[We take this from an excellent paper on Fores-
try in New England, read before the Massachu-
setts Horticultural Society. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Root Fungus The note which we recently

gave detailing the work of the landscape gardener
of Fairmount Park in destroying root fungus on
shrubs and trees by the use of sulphur has had a
wide circulation since it appeared in our paper.
It appears that similar attention is being given to
these dangerous fungous parasites in the Old
World, and sulphur is used also as a remedy. The
chestnut trees in the neighborhood of Nantes ,
France, have suffered severely, many being wholly
destroyed. By laying bare the roots, and sprink-
ling with sulphur before refilling the earth, the
trouble has been arrested.

Professor of Forestry in Michigan. — Ann
Arbor University has established a chair of for-
estry in connection with its other branches of
education.

Profitable Timber Trees. — When people are
told to plant timber trees, they are seldom told
what kinds of trees are most profitable, yet this is
a most important part of forest culture. In our
own country few people know what kind of wood
is in demand and what therefore to plant with a
view to profit. They know that Black walnut is
valuable for coffins and cabinet-ware generally,
the locust for fence posts, the catalpa for posts and
railway carriage building ; but little more. The
Agricultural Department has undertaken a good
work at the New Orleans Exhibition by making a
national exhibit of wood-work, which will have a
great educational value. Philadelphia, is famous
for its wood-working industries, and has contribu-
ted freely to the government displays. So far as
our Forestry Congresses and Conventions are con-
cerned, we learn little but that, unless more trees
are planted the water courses will dry up, and the
country become a howling wilderness — the story
varied perhaps by the number of feet of lumber
left to cut, or the great advantages of free trade.
The practical information, that would enable one
to plant with a view to profit within a few years, is
seldom forthcoming.

In the 0I?1 World information of this character
is widely diffused by forestry associations. In a
paper issued in Scotland we learn of the forest
products of that region, that apple is used to make
imitation rosewood and walnut, and for clubs,
bowls, wainscotting. Ash — largely by wheel-
wrights and agricultural implement makers. Moun-
I tain ash — for light crates and machinery, es-
I pecially in potteries. Beech — chairs, tools, and for

82

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

spinning, weaving and similar machinery. Birch —
shoe-pegs, veneering and furniture. Cherry — same
purposes as apple. Elder — for imitation of bone,
box and ebony, and for printing blocks. Elm —
very great demand for railway carriage building,
and for almost anything where no paint is desira-
ble. Hazel— hoops for barrels. Holly — mathemat-
ical instrument makers. Hornbeam — millwrights,
especially for the cogs of wheels. Horse-chestnut —
packing boxes and mould patterns for castings.

Laburnum — fancy turnery. Larch — boat building,
mining, fencing, pumps, and such like. Linden —
railway carriages, carving, shoemakers' and sad-
dlers' work, packing boxes. Maple (Acer campes-
tre) — machinery, furniture, musical instruments —
high priced and profitable. Oak — ship building,
and for every purpose where extreme strength is
desirable. Scotch Fir — everything where our pine
wood would come into use. It is the "deal" of
their commercial trade.

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

SOIL ANALYSIS.

BY RUSTICUS.

In this article I wish to speak of soil analysis as
helpful in determining what manures to apply to
land. It is a plain proposition. If by analysis we
can discover the constituents of soil, we can
equally as readily detect the absent elements.
Primary soil always contains potash, phosphorus,
soda, magnesia, lime, sulphur, chlorine, silica,
manganese, iron ; hence, tests indicate which are
not present, and the appropriate fertilizers can be
applied. Science must be brought to bear in
agriculture, or the highest success cannot be at-
tained. 1 desire to treat of soil analysis, to give it
the credit I think it merits. I by no means claim
for it that it answers every purpose, so far as the
ascertainment of the exact character of an ex- '
tended area of land is concerned, though an ap-
proximation may be arrived at. Ground varies so
in its composition, considered in its entirety. Says
Prof. Robert Peter, chemist of the State College of
Kentucky, " It has been found by experience, that
the direct chemical analysis of the soil and of the
fertilizer is the most economical method of ascer-
taining the deficiencies of the one and ilhe compo-
sition of the other ; and, as this is necessarily !
somewhat costly, but can be more economically
done by the community than by the individual,
many governments in Europe and States in our
own country have provided for this public want
by the establishment of so-called agricultural sta-
tions. The State of Kentucky, by providing for
an extensive chemical analysis of her soils, has

rendered great service to the future of her agricul-
ture." Soil analysis, though certainly showing all
the elements which are present, yet may prove
deficient in determining the fertility of the land,
from the soil elements being in insoluble combin-
ations. Says Morris Copeland, "Each man's
farming may be much improved by his clearly
comprehending the principles of analysis, and the
mutual relations between crops, manures and soils,
the general physical character of different fields.
He may then apply to each soil that kind of
manure which is richest in the elements in which
the soil in question is deficient ; he will not waste
it on a soil compounded in the same proportions
as itself."

Soil tillage, to be worth anything, necessitates
thorough familiarity with the constituents of land.
How can we proceed intelligently otherwise ?
Says Dr. Lawes, the world-noted agricultural ex-
perimenter, " It is quite true that all investigations
concerning the compositionof the soil are attended
with great difficulties, but when once the fact is
clearly recognized, that our advance in the path of
scientific agriculture lies in a more complete
knowledge of what is taking place in our soils,
some, at all events, will be found who will not be
deterred from such investigations because of the
difficulties to be encountered in their pursuit."
Dr. I. R. Nichols asserts, " Difficult and delicate
as is the labor of determining the fertilizing princi-
ples in soil, it is quite within the power of the
chemist to correctly determine their amount. If
chemistry had no more difficult service to per-
form, we would not complain." Here is a very
important feature in soil analysis. Suppose you
are trying to raise a particular crop on certain

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

83

land, and find it does not come well, though you
expend a great amount of care upon it. Perhaps
your neighbor is producing the same crop re-
muneratively, and on ground, to all appearances
similar to your own. You are greatly puzzled.
You apply various fertilizers, without any appreci- j
able effect. In your despair you resolve, as a
last resort, to send a sample of your soil to some
analyist. He detects just what is lacking, or what
is too abundant in your land for the special crop
you wish to raise. This is no fancy picture of mine.
I can give exactly such cases. On Brae's Island,
South Carolina, and on much of the South Atlan-
tic coast there was a black soil that would not ad-
vantageously produce cotton. This was a serious
matter, for cotton was styled " King." A sample
was forwarded to the Agricultural Department at
Washington for analysis. A qualitative examina-
tion was made, revealing the presence of proto-
sulphate of iron, very probably sufficient cause
for the poor cotton returns. A complete quantita-
tive analysis was made. The preliminary gave
moisture, 4.75; organic matter, 14.24; inorganic
matter, 81.01. Specific gravity, 1.14. Aqueous
extract of soil had an acid reaction. A stratum of
soil I foot deep, extending over one acre, would
contain 3,100,055 lbs; remembering the specific
gravity, 1.14. a cubic foot of it therefore weighed
71.42 lbs. The 3,100,055 lbs. of the soil was
found capable of yielding materials immediately
available for plant food as follows : Silicia, 1,331
lbs.; peroxide iron, .651; phosphoric acid, .440;
potash, 2,077; magnesia, 1,305; lime, 1.023; or-
ganic matter, 6.201. "The presence of proto-
sulphate iron, and probably free sulphuric acid,"
rendered the soil unfit for cotton. The analysis
showed the necessity of removing the salt of iron
and of neutralizing the free sulphuric acid, which
could be effected by copious appUcations of hme.
It taught also the necessity for under-drainage.
I am thus minute, Mr. Editor, to show the keen ]
searchings of soil analysis. The sorghum plots at '
the Department of Agriculture, Washington, were
found lacking in something necessary for the per-
fect production of sorghum. The soil revealed,
on analysis, a very small content of lime, and an
almost entire absence of chlorine. Its need was
sulphate of lime (land plaster or gypsum). I ask,
was not this soil analysis valuable ? Was it not
the very best thing to be done? Here was a por-
tion of the Department experimental farm set
apart for the cultivation of sorghum. It was found
to be ill adapted for the purpose. Was it to be
given up for that purpose ? Science wisely said,

" No, not if tests can unfold the trouble." Again,
the dark, steel-gray limestone of New Jersey was
positively injurious to vegetation. What was to
be done ? Leave the ground vacant ? That would
have been folly. Something was radically at
fault. Science again steps to the front and solves
the problem. Analysis showed its deleterious ef-
fects were due to the high percentage of magnesia.
The remedy was found. The influence of the
magnesia was to be overcome. Prof. Hilgard af-
firms that the power of analysis is almost illimita-
ble ; it stops almost at nothing. Soil analysis be-
gan in this country about the year 1S60. W. H.
Farquhar reports a signal triumph in 1867. A
quantity of soil from an old sedge field, long
thrown out from cultivation, very sterile, was ana-
lyzed, with an equal quantity of very rich soil.
The usual constituents, clay, silex, etc., were pre-
sent in both, also lime. But the phosphates were
almost entirely wanting in the poor soil, while pre-
sent fully in the rich. The remedy was at once
known. Bone was applied, and for nearly twenty
years good crops of wheat, corn, clover and timo-
thy were produced. Says Farquhar, " It appears
to me a matter of positive certainty, whatever
chemistry may have done or failed to do for agri-
culture in the past, that a wide field is open for it
in the future. Great improvements are yet to be
effected by its agency ; but, in order to realize
them, the chemist must become a practical farmer,
and the farmer be an intelligent chemist." With
your permission, Mr. Editor, I will continue the
subject. Lexington, Ky.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Davallia Fijiensis plumosa. — We give here
an illustration of a class of ferns known as the
hare's-foot, or the rabbit's-foot fern, from the thick
creeping rhizomes, which push over the surface,
often hanging over the sides, and from which
spring the fronds, as the folial organs in ferns are
called. It is an interesting illustration of the close
relationship between parts often wholly beneath
the ground, and the stems of plants or the trunks
of trees. If these rhizomes were to become erect
we should have a tree fern; and really there is no
other difference between a tree fern and this
Davallia except the erect stems are bent and lie
on the surface of the ground. In many ferns the
stems grow wholly under the ground, and then
they are what are known as the creeping-rooted
ferns. We may see the analogy between the

84

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

rhizome and many other parts of plants although , is essentially the same, and even the flower stalk
with separate names. A potato has no great I of a strawberry is but the stolon or runner which
difference from a rhizome. It is shorter and j has become erect and floriferous, instead of lying

thicker, that is about all. We call it a tuber but i on the ground and making a new_ plant instead of

it is essentially a rhizome. The thread-like "root" , a crop of flowers at the apex.

of the couch-grass, or the stolon of a strawberry I Studies such as these give a" great deal of interest

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

85

to the cultivation of flowers, besides the mere
beauty involved. So far in this respect the beauti-
ful fern figured, introduced by Mr. Bull, has great
beauty. It is certainly one of the most charming
in the whole range of evergreen stove ferns — one
of the most lovely forms of a remarkably orna-
mental family. It has creeping whitey-brown
rhizomes, and from these spring up at intervals
the gracefully-drooping, feathery, plumose fronds,
which, grow on stalks a foot or more in length,
supporting a broad triangular lamina, which
curves over in the most elegant manner. It will
be a grand subject for all decorative purposes,
especially useful for cutting, and a noble fern for
exhibition specimens. As its name implies, it is a
native of the Fiji Islands. In speaking of the
best novelties, the Gardeners Chronicle (Jan. 7th,
1882, page 10), remarks: "The Davallia Fijiensis
plumosa is, perhaps, one of the most elegant of all
known ferns." It has received a first-class certifi-
cate from the Floral Committee of the Royal
Horticultural Society.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Can Plants Sleep for Centuries ? — A Cana-
dian botanist writes: " I read the very interesting
account of your Alaska trip. There are some facts
in it of which I shall take advantage as occasion
presents. I observe that you include in your
list Aconitum Napellus. I should much like to
know whether the plant you found is the one
usually cultivated in English gardens, (in which
case it will not be native on the Pacific cbast,) or
is it a form of the indigenous and polymorphous
A. delphinifolium ? The latter has been regarded
as a variety of Napellus by several botanists, but
it appears to me to be quite distinct, the racemes
much shorter and more or less corymbose, with
longer pedicels ; the flowers brighter and of more
delicate texture ; foliage less coriaceous, paler, and
of a brighter green, &c. Your remarks on the
suspension of growth in plants, under the influence
of cold, for protracted periods, are of special in-
terest, and, I may add, importance. The subject
attracted my attention some years ago, during a
brief visit to the Rocky Mountains of the South,
and from an entirely different point of view from
that suggested to you. I have now an experi-
ment in progress, started eighteen months ago, to
ascertain whether roots adapted for cattle feeding,
cannot be kept for an indefinite period in a fresh
succulent condition. In a cellar on my farm

here, the cellar built on a Colorado model, I have
Mangel Wurzel roots as solid and succulent now
as when they were taken out of the field in Oc-
tober 1883. They were kept all last summer with-
out ice or artificial cooling, except that afforded by
the cellar, and did not show any but the very
feeblest attempt to sprout, and that very late in
autumn, and only in some of the roots. The
result of the experiment so far is of great practical
importance, but I am desirous of ascertaining how
far it can be carried. Our farmers here have
hitherto had the greatest difficulty in keeping
their Mangels good over the first winter, or until
the advent of green grass in spring. I hope to be
able to show them that they can provide summer
as well as winter feed by growing roots, and thus
be independent, to a large extent, of bad or late,
or drouthy seasons."

[The above refers to a paper on the Flora of
Alaska, contributed to the " Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia," by
the Editor of this magazine. As the subject has a
practical value outside of its abstract scientific rela-
tion, we give below an extract referring to the above
suggestions of our correspondent. — Ed. G. M.]

'On our return from Chilcat (written Tchillcat
in some charts) down the Lynn Channel, we ran
up ley Straits into Glacier Bay, to the fifth or
^Iuir Great Glacier; and on our return, passed
in between the Beardslee Islands to the mainland
at a point opposite Cross or Icy Sound in about
lat. 58.30, called on our chart Bartlett Bay. This
is on a peninsula formed by the junction of Icy
Sound with the Lynn Channel, and nothing seems
to be known of this immense tract of land, except
what can be gathered from the not over-friendly
Indians who hve along the coast in the fishing
season. \x\ Indian trader, Mr. Richard Willough-
by, told the author that at a point about twenty-
five miles above this he had traveled northwest
across the peninsula for some forty miles to
Pyramid Harbor, near the mouth of the Chilcat,
as he was understood to say wholly on ice. It is
quite probable that at about a hundred miles north
from Bartlett Bay the country is a vast ice-sheet,
and there were circumstances which seemed
clearly to show that at no great distance of time
in the past the whole of the western portion of this
peninsula was covered by ice ; while on the eastern
shore, on Lynn Channel, the forest trees showed
the mixture of trees of various ages common to
old forests, the forests of the western slope were
all comparatively young, and none were evidently
over fifty years of age. The earth to fifty feet or
more in depth in many places was composed
wholly of glacial drift, and on this were the young
forest trees. Some remarks on these features
more in detail are given at page 187, 1883, of the
" Proceedings of the Academy." Since they were
published, .Mr. Dall has kindly informed the
author that there is historical evidence to show

86

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

that this part was covered by ice at about the end
of the past century. This being so, it becomes a
matter of considerable interest to ascertain how
so many plants have maintained an existence
here — whether they have appeared since the re-
cession of the ice, or whether they managed to re-
tain their hold during the whole continuance of
the ice-sheet.

At our landing place a small stream entered the
ocean, and this stream came through a swampy
valley a few hundred feet wide, extending into the
land for an unknown distance. The hills of drift
were on each side of this valley. All the plants
were collected within a quarter of a mile of the
mouth of this stream, and there is every reason to
believe that a larger number of species might
have been collected had there been time or oppor-
tunity for more inland research along its line. By
the margin of the swamp were rocks from five to
ten or twenty feet above its ground level, and not
covered by drift ; but on the more level rocks
often with a few feet of sand, which had evidently
blown in during the course of years. Yet with
every opportunity to do so had there been time for
the work, very few of the plants along the line of
the stream had extended to the drift deposits close
by. These plants were not brought there by the
drift. We may say almost with certainty that they
were there during the period when the land was ,
covered by ice. How did they manage to main-
tain themselves under these circumstances?
Were they wholly covered by the ice ; or were
there rifts and clefts in the ice-sheets deep enough
to allow plants a summer of recuperation ?

I think we need not regard the last consideration
as one of necessity. There is reason to believe
that under a low temperature plants will retain
vitalpower for an indefinite period. Mr. Douglas,
of Waukegan, Illinois, once sent to me young
trees of Catalpa speciosa. that had been placed in
sand in a cool cellar and forgotten a year, and '
that remained the whole twelve months dormant,
and grew the next year when planted out. Dr.
Maxwell T. Masters, of London, has called at- i
tention to the case of an orchid which, as I re-
member, remained under ground a whole season
without growing, and thiS' has been adduced as a
probable explanation of the non-appearance in
some seasons of plants which are plentiful in
others. If a plant will remain dormant one, two
or three years under unfavorable conditions for
growth, who shall say how much longer a period
they may not live, under conditions favorable to
dormancy only ? I have a strong suspicion that
just at or below the freezing-point, roots may live
for an unlimited number of years ; and that a
district might be covered by an ice-sheet for a
quarter of a century or more, and the plants be-
neath retain full vital powers.

By referring again to my remarks on some i
geological features of this part of Alaska {page
183, Proc. Ac, as cited), it will be seen by a
sunken forest of apparently modern trees there is
reason to believe that in comparatively recent
times this peninsula was clothed with a rich vege- ;
tation— that it was of a sudden partially sub- i
merged and perhaps as suddenly elevated again a I

little — and that all these changes have been the
work of but a few hundred years. The plants in
question have probably survived through all these
changes, though perhaps wholly ice-covered at
times, and have not been brought here by modern
agencies ; and if these suggestions, which are
offered only as great probabilities, should get fuller
confirmation from any one in the future who may
have opportunities of going more fully into an in-
vestigation of the spot, it will give additional
interest to the study of botany in connection with
the great changes which have been going on over
the surface of our globe.

From other botanical evidences which south-
eastern Alasjca affords, I am inclined to believe
that geological changes in this section have not
required the long periods to effect which geolo-
gists usually demand. In the vicinity of the
Davidson Glacier, a little below Pyramid Harbor,
layers of ice may be seen covered by sand and
earth, and prevented from rapid thawing — only an
occasional spot showing the icy bed beneath — and
yet alder and other plants grow within a few
hundred yards. On the other hand, near the
Muir Glacier, at the point where the river-bed
beneath the ice diverges from the glacier's direct
course, the only sign of arborescent vegetation is
from a few score of willow-bushes, scattered on
the mountain-side. Beneath the drift, hundreds
of feet below, is a forest buried as it grew. Pines,
alders, and similar plants spread so readily in this
region, that these bare hill-sides would assuredly
be clothed thickly with a forest vegetation, thus
replacing the forests which have been swept away,
if there had been time enough for the purpose.
The immense area and great depth of these tree-
less drift formations would surely be regarded as
requiring perhaps many centuries for deposit, but
for the evidence which the botanical observations
afford that the whole change must have taken
place within very recent times."

Immediate Influence of Pollen on Fruit.
— A leading pomologist, himself of great exper-
ience in crossing and hybridizing, writes : " When
it can be shown that a long variety of a cu-
cumber can, by immediate crossing, be made to
produce a short one, or a crook-necked squash be
transformed into one of turban form, then I shall
have more confidence in the new theory. "

[Our correspondent makes a good point. So far
as squashes, pumpkins and melons are concerned,
there is not the slightest evidence that they have
been immediately changed by the pollen of an-
other variety. The " theory" is not exactly new.
Some gentleman communicated to the Royal
Horticultural Society of London, in the early part
of the century, a paper, showing that a netted
melon had produced smooth fruit as well on the
same plant. This was assumed without the sha-
dow of proof, to be from immediate action of pol-
len,— but we now know that changes in netting.

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

87

like the russet of apples, can and do often come
where there is certainly no chance for pollen in-
fluence. But from this paper appears to have
arisen the "theory" that melons are immediately
influenced. Livingstone's experience with bitter
and sweet melons is another illustration. We know
in these days how this saccharine principle is af-
fected. A Rhode Island Greening, sour in the
East, is sweet in California. Melons lose their
flavor or change their form — degenerate is the
word — just as often when wholly alone, as when
they are near pumpkins or cucumbers.

On the other hand, the Hon. Simon Brown,
of Concord, Mass., than whom New England pro-
duced no more intelligent or careful agriculturist,
in a paper in the Reports of the Department of
Agriculture — for 1863, if our memory serves us
truly — states that careful experiments in growing
all sorts of cucurbitaceous plants together, for the
purpose of testing this very question, failed to
show the slightest indication of change in any
one of them.

We have looked carefully into the literature of
the subject, and find no fact adduced in favor of
this theory that cannot be better explained in the
light of modern facts, except, possibly, Indian
corn Ed. G. M.]

Cedar Vine. — " L, " Salem Junction, N. C.
writes: " I send you, by mail, a vine called here
" Cedar vine, quite rare, seems hardy, and is quite
ornamental. What is its proper name ?"

[Botanically, Lycopodium complanatum. Near
Philadelphia it enters largely into Christmas
decorations, and is known as Ground Pine. — Ed.
G. M.]

How TO Hybridize. — "P. H.," Peterborough,
Ontario, Can., asks : " Is there a work from which
I could learn the art of hand-fertilizing the blos-
soms of fruits and melons, &c. ; the fertilizing the

female blossoms with the pollen of the male blos-
som, or, perhaps 'hybridizing' might express it?"
[Crossing, or hybridizing, is very simple. We
take the pollen dust from one flower and place it
on the apex of the pistil of another. To make it
sure that the flower you wish to raise the seed
from does not get its own pollen, it is best to open
the flower before it naturally expands, and cut oflf
its anthers before they have had a chance to burst
and throw out their own pollen. At the same time
! it is best to put the pollen of the male parent at
once on the stigma. The stigma is usually not
receptive — that is, has not the liquid exudation
necessary for the effective reception of the pollen
at this early stage, — but it remains on the stigma
ready for use when the stigma is ready to receive
it. These precautions are necessary in order that
we may be sure the flower receives only the pol-
len we desire it to receive. Some cover the flower,
after the anthers have been removed, until the
time for the use of pollen has arrived, with gauze,
to keep off insects that might bring other pollen,
— but this is scarcely necessary when done in the
way suggested. If any further information be de-
sired we shall be glad to respond. — Ed. G. M.]

Wax-berry Candles. — "G " says: "Cham-
bers' Cyclopsediasays: 'Myricacordifolia, of South
Africa, yields wax for candles." — Art. Candleberry.
W. Eraser Rae, in his 'Newfoundland to Mani-
toba,' p. 127, says, that 'on the river Tete a Gauche,
New Brunswick, bay-berry candles are commonly
used.' I had some such candles made some years
since ; they were poor things. In the army we
once had a supply of a cerate of myrica (wax).
Very good it seemed to be."

[We beheve it is a long time since any wax-ber-
ry candles were made in New Jersey. We should
be glad to have any notes about this from those
who know. — Ed. G. M.]

Literature, Travels and Personal Notes

COMMUNICATIONS.

TREES GROWING THROUGH A TOMB-
STONE.

BY JOHN WOODING.

I noticed in the December number of the
Monthly, page 369, a communication by Dr. C.

W. Greene, referring to a birch growing out of a
chestnut tree. A similar curious instance came
under my notice, in England, some fifteen years
ago. With a friend of mine, I visited a place
called Lucien, in Hertfordshire, about eighteen
miles from London, to see, as was said, "the
greatest curiosity ever heard tell of," situated in

88

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

1 March,

Lucien churchyard. There we saw seven ash and
three sycamore trees growing through a tombstone
out of a grave. The stone was about twelve feet
long, six inches thick, and eight feet wide. The
growth of the trees had spHt the stone in all direc-
tions. Some of the trees at that time were seven
inches through, and about fifteen feet high. The
grave lot was enclosed with an iron fence twelve feet
high, and the branches of the trees and some parts ;
of the trunk had grown into the fence in all ima-
ginable shapes and forms. Of course, there is a
"true story" connected with the circumstance, as
the people of Hertfordshire will strongly affirm.
The person buried in this grave was a lady of title.
Lady Anne Grimstone, who was buried there some-
where about a hundred years ago. She was an
unbeliever in a Supreme Being — in fact, an infidel
^and those who doubt it can buy a book, sold by
pedlars for six-pence, strongly confirming the
horrible story in detail. This lady asseverated
previous to her death that if there be a God or
devil, a heaven or hell, she hoped ash and syca-
more might grow through her body. No one
planted these trees there, and the people religiously
believe that to prove to the living the horrible
heresy of the dead, the trees came from her body,
and the more to attract attention, have grown up
through and broken the stone.

Pencoyd, Montgomery Co., Pa.

MY SECOND VISIT TO LORILLARD'S
GARDENS.

BY WM. T. HARDING.

In the year of our redemption '83, when flowers
which owe their birth to genial May were freely
blooming in their native habitats, I started from
Mount Holly, to see all I could of them, between
there and Jobstown. In her spring attire nature
se.emed gay and beautiful on every side, for look
where 1 would, while passing along through leafy
groves or open glades, her smiling vernal charms
graced the changing scene. Again, through other
approaches to that rural spot, in company with an
esteemed friend, I found myself in the middle of
cold January, in Mr. LoriUard's famous gardens.
But no sound of murmuring streams, rippling rill,
or the cheery voice of feathered songster salutes
the ear. No sight of living leaf or fragrant flower,
greets the eye, or olfactories, on this occasion.
Implacable, chilly old "winter in his roughest
mood," was blowing his icy breath in piercing
blast, to the great discomfort of man and beast
exposed to the frigid breeze that blew bitter and

chill. While the blustering wind howled and
whistled among the bare limbs of the fruit trees
near by, we hurriedly crossed the frost line by
stepping over the threshold of one of the inviting
glass structures before us, and in a moment felt
the pleasant warmth of a sunnier chme. Marvel-
lous indeed, seemed the sudden change of tem-
perature, from one side of the door to the other,
where large handsome red-ripe tomatoes, hung in
heavy clusters overhead and on all sides of the
first house we entered. And as the assistant
gardeners were in the act of gathering them, I
could say with Milton,

" I saw them under a green mantling vine,
Gathering ripe clusters from the tender shoots."

From two similar sized houses, each of fifty
feet in length, two hundred and ten pounds of
perfectly formed, well ripened tomatoes had been
picked during the previous fifteen days. And
from the vigorous appearance of the plants, even
a larger quantity might apparently be had in the
next fifteen days. And thus in succession until
those out of doors, later on, come into bearing, an
abundance will be produced to amply supply the
daily demand.

The next division door opens into a house of ripe
strawberries — the second crop of the season — from
which several hundred exhausted plantsofanearlier
forcing had been removed to admit an equal num-
ber of others to succeed them, and which bore evi-
dence of successful culture. A hive of busy bees
placed inside the hothouse to assist in the fecunda-
tion of the early blossoms, were enjoying a prema-
ture summer as they dihgently buzzed about from
flower to flower in search of nectar. A square of
glass had been removed from each partition to
allow the apiarian throng to pass in and out from
house to house in " the pursuit of life, health and
happiness."

Simple as it may appear at first sight, the parti-
cular instance alluded to, as did many others,
showed the wisdom and practical professional
knowledge of the courteous and intelligent mana-
ger, Mr. John Gardener, who deserves great credit
for the satisfactory results so pleasing to behold.
Then there were other houses of them in various
stages of growth, from the first indication that
vegetable action had commenced, to the blossom-
ing and fruit-forming period. These would be
subject to the same course of treatment the others
had previously gone through. Seth Boyden Mr.
Gardener considers the best kind (or early forcing ;
the blossoms of which stand well up above the
leaves, which renders them the less liable to damp

I8»5-

AND HORTICULTURIST.

89

off during the dull and unfavorable weather when
the bright face of old Sol is often obscured.

A goodly number of pots of thrifty-looking Sion
House bush or snap beans were bearing an ex-
cellent crop. The same might be said of the
American Wonder peas from which, like the
beans, fair quantities had been picked for a length
of time. On Christmas day Early Rose potatoes
of good quality were dug for use, which, together
with many other kinds of culinary vegetables,
were successfully forced for the festive occasion.

Fine tender looking asparagus, sufficient to sup-
ply, one would suppose, every family in the village,
had been freely cut every day since December.
Of Cauliflowers, Early Horn Carrots, Lettuce, Rad-
ishes, etc., immense quantities are produced under
glass, while Mushrooms and Sea Kale vegetate in
dark cellars specially constructed for them.

A promising house of gjape vines was show-
ing an abundance of incipient bunches, which
proper attention will fully develop into fine
ripe clusters in due season. Then three houses of
the same dimensions, namely fifty feet each, were
devoted to peaches and nectarines, the trees
skillfully pruned and trained to radiate in fan-
fashion to stout wire trellises near the sashes.
Several of these symmetrically formed trees were
profusely covered with pretty pink blossoms, than
which scarcely any known tree or shrub can
surpass in beauty. And it is doubtful if any
other fruit is more luscious than the choice
kinds of well ripened peaches and nectarines — the
latter, especially, when grown under glass. Every
body appreciates them who has enjoyed the privi-
lege of tasting them, and why this really delicious
fruit is so seldom seen in the forcing house, seems
incomprehensible to the writer. Early Rivers is
the first to ripen, and is followed by Early Louise,
while other approved kinds come on consecutively,
with the greatest regularity, as long as the season
lasts. Although the first named one is an excel-
lent variety for forcing, its character for keeping is
not the best, as, unfortunately, it soon begins to
decay after ripening. Another house in this long
range — upwards of five hundred feet — is, at the pro-
per time, to be planted with nectarines, the early
fruit of which the proprietor has a decided taste
for.

Continuing on from one compartment to another,
we enter one filled with the most popular kinds of
Tea roses, grown in pots, from which an immense
quantity of splendid flowers had been continuously
cut during the last three years, without once allow-
ing them to rest from their floriferous labors. To

be constantly in bloom seems the natural propen-
sity of many kinds of Tea roses ; and if the same
vigorous appearance can be maintained that they
had at the time of my visit, 1 should judge they will
never tire of well doing.

The glory had departed from the first lot of
Hybrid Perpetual roses, (very strong plants, in-
deed) which, had had their day earlier on. But
others were steadily advancing to replace them,
"in the good time coming." Mr. Gardener consi-
ders Magna Charta is one of the best varieties for
forcing, and for that purpose grows it largely.

Without specifying each particular species of
plant grown for bouquets and decorative uses,
which would occupy too much space in these col-
umns, 1 will briefly call attention to a few of the
principal kinds, most highly esteemed by Mr. Lor-
illard and his family. Conspicuous among them
are several hundred Gardenias, better known as
Cape Jasmines, and which in every respect are
worthy of first ' mention. A better-looking lot
of good-sized, clean, handsome, healthy plants, I
never saw in my long acquaintance with them.
This very popular evergreen shrub when covered
with a profusion of immaculate fragrant flowers is
absolutely an object of exquisite beauty. The gen-
eric name, Gardenia, was given to the first one
which arrived from China, in 1 754, in honor of Dr.
Alexander Garden, of Charleston, S. C, whose
botanical knowledge brought him into correspon-
dence with the celebrated Linnaeus. There are
some forty species in cultivation, most of which
are natives of China, Sierra Leone, or the East
Indies; and many of the pale yellow, or spotless
white flowers they produce are exceedingly fra-
grant, while all are decidedly beautiful.

Sweet Orchids, Hyacinths, Stephanotis, Carna-
tions, Richardias, Lily of the Valley, Hehotrope, etc.i
with Lilacs, Viburnums, Spiraea, Deutzia and other
useful things, too numerous to mention, were there.

Among so much floral grandeur and delightful
aroma, I feel constrained to notice in particular a
pretty, modest-looking, little Australian plant,
Boronia megastigma, which, if possible, is even
more delicately odoriferous than its lovely sister,
B. serrulata. In fact, two more interesting, or
charming greenhouse plants are seldom, if ever
seen, in any collection.

Among a splendid group of attractive Amaryllis,
I observed the imperious and beautiful Cleopatra,
splendid Perfecta marginata, unrivalled Unique,
brilliant Coccinea, handsome and grand Nobilis,
lovely Syrene, and sanguinary Macbeth, were
some of the most magnificent kinds.

9°

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

The patient and intelligent reader who knows
whereof I write, will perceive, from the few spe-
cies alluded to, what a rare combination of beau-
teous forms unite with the most subtile and exquis-
ite perfume imaginable, to gratify the most fastid-
ious and refined taste possible, kind Providence
has provided for our enjoyment. And while feel-
ing thankful for every blessing received, will frankly
admit that this fair and flowery world of ours is
not the dismal vale of tears the poor, unhappy
hypochondriac would fain make us believe.

Mount Holly, N. J.

LINES ON DR. WARDER.

BY J. N. M.

His was the gentle spirit of the woods.
The genius of the tongueless mysteries.
Eternally that dwell within the trees.

The flowers, the grasses, and the bursting buds;

A member of their secret brotherhoods,
He caught the everlasting sympathies
Of all the lute-lipped leaves; he held the ke>s

Of nature's variant moods and solitudes.
A Druid gray, his loving life-blood leapt

In transport tremulous, beneath the power
Of beauty and of symmetry that slept

Within the petals of the frailest flower ;
Noblest of all the songless bards, he kept

His great soul stainless in his Eden-bower.

PERSONAL EXPERIENCES IN THE LIFE
OF A GARDENER.

BY N. ROBERTSON.

In looking over the last number of the Gar-
deners' Monthly, I notice that a correspondent
asks how to establish himself as a landscape
gardener, and your appropriate remarks thereon.
With you, I say that one of the greatest wants of
the day is, proper men at the head of our public
parks in cities and towns. This does not arise
because such men are not to be had, but, because,
when a position of this kind is open, influence has
so much to do with the filling of it. Capability is
only a secondary consideration, if thought of at
all. Examples are not rare of those who go
blundering along, leaving marks that show too
plainly that they have never studied the first re-
quisites of what constitute an effective landscape
gardener. Errors are easily made, and their re-
pair is costly. A builder can commence his work
and carry it into completion in a short time, but
a landscape gardener can only lay the foundation
of a work which nature has to complete for him
in the after years.

Your correspondent says he advertised re-

peatedly and failed. I will relate what my
advertisement was which placed me in the position
I now hold. I may first say that I was born a
gardener, for at a very early age my father saw
my inclination was in this direction, and had a
gardener come and clean a piece of waste land,
and lay out a garden for me to spend my leisure
hours in. This garden was my great delight. At
the age of fourteen I, as most boys do, thought I
had had enough of school, and I wanted to be-
come a gardener. My father and his family were
against it, not that they objected to the profession,
but there was plenty to do at home on the farm,
and there was no necessity for my leaving the
family circle. I had a cousin, a gardener, and to
him I went as an apprentice. As he was a bach-
elor, and considered crabbed, it was supposed I
would not s'ay long with him. I look back with
grateful feeling to him, for he spared no trouble to
advance me in the art. He being a man who was
constantly on the outlook for progressive matter,
my five years of apprenticeship were well spent.
The custom being to remove to some other place
for a change and a variation of experience, I
served one year as journeyman, and then was
promoted to the whole charge of the place. On
the expiration of that year I took it into my head
to try a newer country, greatly to the sorrow of
my employer, who wanted me to remain. I sailed
for Canada, and on my arrival was employed the
same day by an elderly lady, who had a large
market garden, and employed many hands.
There I spent a year and then I was put in charge
of the place. 1 can never forget the kindness of
this lady to me ; better she could not have been to
her dearest child. Another year passed and, am-
bitious to make progress faster, I left and tried
several places, but was not extra successful, being
ignorant of the practical working of them. This
period covered several years, during which I kept
myself posted in gardening by books &c. It was
at this time that my advertisement began. I had
bought myself a building lot, and had put up a
cottage on the one-half of it ; the rest I kept for a
garden, in which I could devote my leisure hours.
I was tlien running a store on my own account,
and the hours for my garden had to be, for the
most part, from four to eight in the morning.
Now this little garden was my advertisement, and,
in a large part, was the means of my getting my
present position. I had it so decorated with
flowers &c., that it was a matter of considerable
interest to the inhabitants of the city. If any
person asked me where I lived, I told them the

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

9'

street, and they would ask, " Is it where the pret-
ty garden is?" Sunday afternoons I used to be
much gratified by seeing the crowds of people that
came to look in at it. Among them there once
came two ministers of the Crown whom I was ac-
quainted with. In the course of conversation they
asked if I understood gardening. I said yes, and
related what I have told above of my former life.
Well, they said there was to be a good position
for a person of that calling at the grounds around
our Government Buildings, and asked if I would
care to take it, promising their aid if I would.
I said I would take it, and thought all was right,
but I was told I must get all the influence I could
to intercede for me. This was against me, for I
had but few to go to. However, I got my papers
ready, and here my little garden showed itself
again. No one knew me as a gardener, but every
one was satisfied I knew what I was about, and I
had no trouble whatever to get every name I
asked for, which made me renew my exertions.
There were many applicants for the position, most
of them being men of no knowledge, but who had
considerable influence to back them. After a
year's waiting in suspense, I got the appointment.
My trials broke out afresh as soon as I commenced
the work, which was a most difficult one, owing to
a large amount of excavation which had to be
made to suit a plan for part of it which had been
accepted as one fitted for it. It will give some idea
of the extent of the work the first summer, to say
that $60,000 were spent on excavation alone, and
large sums for three years more. The disappointed
applicants for the position attacked me at every
move, through the public print ; so that I got almost
ready to give up the place. I got so disgusted
that I went into the chief architect's office and
told him so. His answer was that as the Depart-
ment had found no fault, I should go on. He
counselled me to pay no attention to them, but to
go on as I was doing and I would come out right.
I did so, and the result proved the wisdom of his
words. The many eulogiums I now hear about
the work are very encouraging to me.

If your correspondent should ever be successful
in getting a situation as a landscape gardener, let
him pray that it be not a public one, for, if it is, he
will have to endure many such unpleasant things as
I have related, and, perhaps, a good many more.
I may add that my success here has given me
two chances to far more lucrative positions, which
were very tempting. But when I looked back on
the past, and saw the great pleasure I had had
since my first years, I said to myself, my cottage

and my little garden still remain, and, all things
considered, there are associations here that could
not be found easily. I have been frequently told
I was foolish to devote myself so closely to this
work, and that I would never get any thanks for
it. 1 have got thanks a thousand times, until the
cup runs over, well repaying me for my exertion.
1 am glad to see you make public Mr. Miller's
affair at Fairmount Park, for this system of ex-
changing plants is an old established one, and was
almost considered obligatory amongst gardeners
in Scotland in my day there, and it would be a
good thing if it were more practiced than it is. It
is a pleasure to find the charges against Mr. Miller
so utterly unfounded.

Supt. Gov t. Grounds, Ottawa, Can.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Should Horticulture be Taught in our Pub-
lic Schools ? — This question was ably handled
by Professor Wickersham, late Superintendent of
Public Instruction of the State of Pennsylvania,
at the late State Horticultural meeting. Ob-
jection was made that studies were now too nu-
merous for the six hours a day, and six or eight
months in the year of public schoohng, but the Pro-
fessor explained that he did not recommend the
introduction of this and similar studies in addition
to those already included, — but in the place of
some others. He contended that, as the re-
sult of a careful study of public education, that a
large proportion of time spent on geography, gram-
mar, examples, and so forth, was absolutely thrown
away, — that the aim of public education should
not be so much to educate as to place children on
the path to educate themselves. Public school
teaching should simply furnish children with the
tools by which they could cleave their own way
as circumstances should arise, and not to fit them
for any particular way. Children should be taught
to observe, to think, and to judge. He would
have a garden attached to every public school,
and take the hour spent on geography or grammar,
and, with the children in the garden, with the liv-
ing plants before them, and a teacher capable of
explaining things, do more good than the book
studies of a whole week. The remarks of the
Professor made a deep impression.

Duncan Rhind. — Mr. Rhind is not unknown to
our readers as a contributor of some excellent pa-
pers on garden topics. He is one of those accom-
plished gardeners who do credit to the profession,

92

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

and whose abihties and superior character for prob- equal value everywhere, and hence, there has been
ity and honor fit them for positions of great respon- a universal demand for it. It has been reprinted
sibility and trust. It is one of the misfortunes of in India, and translated into German for use in
our country that when this class of talent is open i the Old World. In no country perhaps is there
for engagements there are no first-class situations so much inquiry for economic plants as in the

open to receive them, and when they are it is not
always easy to find the man. Mr. R. is now dis-
engaged. His address is Jenkintown, Montgom-
ery Co., Pa.

Dr. Asa Gray. — Florida has charmed Dr. Gray
from Cambridge, and after touching at New Or-
leans, he will visit California, before returning to
his home.

Mr. Sereno Watson. — This diligent student
has well earned a short vacation from his steady
work at Cambridge. He was to leave on the 12th
of the month for Guatemala.

Lithography in the Nursery Business. — Of
late years lithography has been brought into use
as a very useful agent in advertising. Some of
our nurserymen seem particularly to appreciate its
advantages, as we judge from a large number of
beautiful pictures on our table from Mr. J. T.
Lovett, of Little Silver, N. J. Such enterprise de-
serves success.

George C. Briggs. — George C. Briggs was one
of the famous firm of Briggs Brothers, who were
the pioneers of fruit culture in California. Every
one has heard of the wonderful^wonderful for

United States ; and the enterprising Detroit pub-
lisher, who has now given it to our country, de-
serves national thanks.

The plants of this continent come into the list
in a work like this, as well as those of other por-
tions of the earth. As an illustration we take at
random the following : " Chlorogalum pomeri-
dianum (Kunth) California, frequent in the moun-
tains. This lily-like plant attains a height of 8
feet. The heavy bulb is covered with many coat-
ings, consisting of fibres, which are used for cush-
ions, mattresses, etc.; contracts are entered into
for the supply of this material on a very extensive
scale (Prof. Bolander). The inner part of the
bulb serves as a substitute for soap, and the possi-
bility of utilizing it for technological purposes like
the root of Saponaria might be tested, as it con-
tains saponin." "Fraxinussambucifolia (Lamarck),
Black or Water ash of North America. Attains a
height of 80 feet. Wood still more tough and
elastic than that of F. .A-mericana, the white ash,
but less durable when exposed ; easily split into
thin layers for basket work. Its wood is compara-
tively rich in potash, like most of its congeners ;
for oars and implements it is inferior to that of

that time— peach orchard near Marysville, and ofjtjig white ash (Simmonds)." Among Australian
the varieties of California peaches which bear his plants a number of the most useful Eucalypts are
name. Of late years he gave his chief atten- described, as for instance, " Eucalyptus punctata.

tion to the growing of grapes for raisins, and had
at the time of his death no less than 1,200 acres in
grapes, and was preparing to plant 6,000 more.
His death occurred the last week in January, in
the 6ist year of his age. Those who know how
much fruit culture in all new countries depends on
the results of early experiments ; how much has to be
lost in early trials, and the planter to suffer by
heart-burning disappointments before success is
assured, will have cause to feel deep regret for the
loss of such a man as this. Monuments have
been erected to commemorate the services of men
who have deserved far less of their country than
Mr. Briggs.

Select Extra-tropical Plants. — Readily
eligible for Industrial culture or Naturalization.
By Baron I'erd Von Mueller. Detroit; published
by Geo. S. Davis, 1884.

This was originally prepared for Australian
use, but the succinct information given of indus-
trial plants adapted to temperate climates, is of

The Leather-jacket, or Hickory Eucalypt of New
South Wales. A beautiful tree with a smooth
bark, attaining 100 feet or more, of rather quick
growth. The wood is of a light brown color, hard,
tough and very durable ; used for fence posts,
railway sleepers, wheelwright's work, also for ship
building (Woolls)." Then, again, among Euro-
peans such notes as these ; "Acer platanoides, the
Norway maple (Wild); south to Switzerland ; up
to 80 feet high. Found hardy in Norway up to
67O, 56' N. Attained in lat. 59O 46' a diameter of
2'/i feet (Schrebder). The pole wood much used
by cabinet makers. Tint of the autumn foliage
golden yellow. A tree of imposing appearance,
much recom^nended for ornamental gardening ;
it gires a denser shade than most of the other
maples."

In this concise manner almost all that is known
of the economic character of all plants in use is
given in a closely printed volume of 449 pages.

One of the most useful features of the work con-

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

93

sists in the numerous indices, tables, and lists of
cross references. Plants yielding herbage, plants
yielding culinary roots, cereals, pulse, esculent
fruits, avenue trees, dye-plants, hedge-plants, and
numerous others are all indexed by themselves.
Indices of common names, and botanical names,
and systematic indices of botanical names for
those who are so inclined.

As a work of reference, few intelligent cultiva-
tors can afford to be without it, while we suppose
as a matter of course it will find a place in every
American public library.

How TO Prop.\gate and Grow Fruit. — This
is a small and very useful pamphlet, issued by
Mr. Chas. A. Green, editor of the Fruit Grower.

State Board of Horticulture of California,
Annual Report for 1883. From A. H. Webb,
San Francisco, Secretary.

Although this body is incorporated as a Board
of Horticulture, we judge from the report that it
has nothing to do with horticulture in its accepted
sense, but aims at the development of commercial
fruit growing. This is rather a branch of agricul-
ture than of horticulture. Horticulture deals with
the garden — agriculture with the farm, and a fruit
farm is not a fruit garden. The fruit farm excludes
everything that we can properly understand by a
garden— /ior/ai — while horticulture takes the
garden in as its main idea, making fruit culture a
part only, though an important part of its opera-
tions. The confusion of terms does a great injury
to the cause of real horticulture.

In its proper field — Pomology — this report will
be found of great value to fruit growers on the
Pacific slope. Insects and diseases receive par-
ticular attention. We are especially interested in
noting how our brethren are battling with the
codhn moth, and it will be worth noting in the
future how far the heroic efforts to stamp out the
enemy are rewarded by permanent success. Mr.
De Long here tells about their trials. They nearly
exhausted the fruit crop one season in the effort to
destroy the insect. In one night they killed 1579
moths. During the season they killed 11,926
moths. Bands were placed around trees, and
thousands of the larvae destroyed, of which no ac-
count was kept. Somehow, all this destruction
made little difference to the injury done to the
crop. In 4018 boxes of apples only 1500 baskets
were got out good. In the language of the
report " it is found almost impossible to cope
with the insect." In an apple house, after apples
had been pretty well selected, moths would

continue to come out all the season. They were
killed by entering with a lamp each day, and the
number killed recorded. They commenced^to
kill on April 15; by May 15 they had 86 dead.
From this time there was an increase daily. For
instance. May 19, 32 ; May 25, 133 ; May 28, 194 ;
June 2, 275 ; June 4, 308 ; June 7, 517. From this
time out there is a decrease, though slowly, for on
June 15 there were 436, and on June 26, 425, and
on July 2, a sudden jump to 492, when the decrease
became very rapid ; July 8, fell below the hun-
dred, being but 57 ; August 3, only 7 are recorded,
and the last ones caught were on August 12, when
there were 3.

The continued efforts at destruction must, how-
ever, tell in the long run. Lamps set in tins filled
with water seems a good plan for orchard work ;
attracted by the light they tumble in the water
and drown.

The report is one of the most useful that has
come to our table for a long while.

Palmer's Monthly. — This is a new venture
from Kansas City, and is to be "devoted to the in-
terests of nurserymen and planters, and kindred
affairs." It is of similar style and character to
Green's Fruit Grower, of Rochester, and should
have a good field in the West.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Reminiscence of A. J. Downing. — Mr. T. S.
Gold, West Cornwall, Conn., notes : " Your re-
marks upon the work of A. J. Downing in the inte-
rests of landscape gardening, in the February
number, called out by the recent death of his
brother, Charles Downing, call to mind an occur-
rence many years ago. I spent the winter of 1 841-2
in Waterbury, and was confined to my room for a
few days by illness. Dr. Leavenworth called one
day just after dinner, and would not remove his "
overcoat, as he designed to stay but a short time.
He took up ' Downing's Landscape Gardening,'
then just published, and did not lay it down till the
shades of evening rendered it too dark to read.
There was a charm about this book that no lover
of rural life could resist. You truly say, ' he had
the essential enthusiasm that was catching, to all
who came into contact with him.' "

Honorable Names to Plants. — "J. H. S."
says : " In reading your remarks on Panax Vic-
toriae, and our English cousins naming new plants
in honor of their nobility or royalty, 1 thought in
this the English have a decided advantage over

94

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

Americans, who, for want of something new, take
old-named varieties of Pelargoniums, and re-
christen them, not in honor of royalty, but the
nearest approach they can make to it. For in-
stance. Lady Washington, Gen. Grant, Double
Gen. Grant, &c. In double Bouvardias they have
done precisely as the English."

[From the tenor of our correspondent's remarks,
it seems he understood us to ridicule the naming
of plants after distinguished personages. We have
read over again what we wrote about Panax Vic-
toria, and cannot imagine how he derived that
impression. Our intention, and, we think, our ex-
pression, was that when our English friends felt
they had something worthy of general regard, they
gave it a distinguished name, and we took it simply
as an additional warrant that the plant was worthy
when so named. We have no objection to distin-
guished names. — Ed. G. M.]

Origin of the name Persimmon. — " G." says :
" The European Diospyros Lotus, or date-plum, is
called Pishamin in Chambers' Cyclopoedia, Art.,
Date Plum. This word seems to be suspiciously
like Persimmon, but the books say the latter is an
Indian (American) word."

[European encyclopoedists are not as careful in
many cases as one should expect from the preten-
sions of such works, and we doubt whether " Pisha-
min" was ever applied to the Diospyros Lotus.
Some author, Parkinson, it runs in our mind, tells
that Captain John Smith brought some of our
kind, Diospyros Virginiana, to Queen Elizabeth,
and told her the Indians called them " Pashimin."
Persimmon seems to have been a modern im-
provement on the original word. At any rate it
fixes the origin of the name, whatever should be
its orthography, and Chambers must be wrong. —
Ed. G. M.]

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

SPECIAL PREMUIMS OF THE MASSACHU-
SETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

BY B.

In your magazine for February, commenting
on the Prize Schedule of the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society, you refer to the rule recently pass-
ed that no premium shall be awarded at any ex-
hibition except those authorized by the Society,
and question its wisdom. The rule is simply to
prevent the offering of prizes by tradesmen who
seek to advertise some especial novelty in this
way, and to put an obstacle in the way of having
the exhibitions used for advertising purposes.
The various awarding committees have the
authority to award gratuities at any exhibition to
any worthy exhibit which does not compete for a
stated prize named in the schedule, and this has
been the custom for years. Quite a large sum is
expended in this way each year, at the discretion
of the committees, so you will see that the Society
accomplishes just what you consider to be the
proper method. Naturally the Society has had
the benefit of long experience as to the best man-
ner of making awards, and its system is un-
questionably the wisest and most equitable of any
adopted by similar Societies in this country.

[This puts the matter in a very different light.
The Society is undoubtedly right in regard to
these "special" premiums. The misunderstand-
ing arose from the Society calling "gratuities"
what the Pennsylvania Society calls " special pre-
miums." What in Boston are called special pre-
miums are " trade premiums " here. — Ed. G. M.]

FLORAL NOTES FROM NEW ORLEANS
EXHIBITION. i

BY M. H. LESTER.

At Horticultural Hall the principal regret is
that Prof. Tracy was obliged to leave to attend to
other business ; not, however, without leaving an
indelible mark behind him. The success of the
Horticultural department is assured, whatever
may overtake any other portion of the Exposition.

The most conspicious object in the building is a
splendid Cocos nucifera, about 20 feet high, and
in fruit. Nearly opposite, on the other side of"
the fountain, is a Cereus giganteus, 20 feet high,
with several smaller Cocos, Oreodoxia regia
Musa sapienta, and some large Ficus and Cycas
revoluta ; and to crown all a beautiful specimen
of Phoenix dactylifera. I think it is the most
beautiful part of the whole concern.

The greenhouse department is all hung around
with Orchids, Mexican. Central American, and

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

95

British Honduras varieties. Several are in bloom,
such as Epidendrum, Odontoglossum, and
Oncidium in variety ; also, Lycaste, and Cat-
tleya Guatamaliensis. A local firm, Maitre &
Cook, exhibit over 30 varieties of Palms ; they
have also a general collection, in which may be
noticed a splendid specimen of Blechnum Brazi-
liensis, and another, of Astrapaea Wallichii, a 6;ood
thing ; also a collection of Rex Begonias, and
outside, roses and ornamental stuff.

Prof. Morriss, from Jamaica, has the most in-
teresting exhibit in the building, consisting of
over 50 varieties of Palms, and the nomenclature
is perfect. Such good things as Areca lutesens
and rubra, strong ; Elaeis guinaensis and others,
choice but small, in Bamboo pots ; a splendid lit-
tle case of Hymenophyllums and other rare
ferns ; over 40 varieties of su^ar cane ; a col-
lection of Cinchona, together with a collection of
all the fruits and nuts that have been acclimatised
or are peculiar to that Island.

The next largest exhibit of general interest is
from California. John Rock, of Santa Clara
county, is well to the front with fruit trees, roses,
conifers, evergreen and deciduous flowering and
other ornamental stuff; such Palms as Corypha
australis, Chamserops humilis and excelsa, Pritch-
ardia filifera and van robusta, and others ; all
well grown, handsome stuff.

A great many shining lights in the horticultural
world have been here lately, among them Prof.
Lemmon, from Cahfornia, and Mr. Hovey, of
Boston. A walk through the houses, is a pleasure
not often enjoyed in a hfetime, with a plantsman
of such taste and discrimination as Mr. Hovey.
Mr. McRoberts while here represented A. Brack-
enridge, the great orchid grower, near Baltimore.
Gardener to Prof. Richardson, New Orleans.

THE NEW YORK CHRYSANTHEMUM
SHOW.

BY GENERAL NOBLE.

This magnificent exhibit deserves a record in
your journal. It was held at Horticultural Hall,
28th street. New York, about the 8th of November
last. This hall is about 50 by 75 feet in area. No
other flowering plant was' shown.

1 confess that I was very green, till I saw this
show, about the wonderful variety of tint, and style
of flower and of culture which this plant can claim.
I think a good many of your readers will confess to
the same ignorance. 1 always loved the flower.
There was an instinctive cheer in its brilliant

masses, sheltered in some nook, or beneath the
southern windows of your home. My heart
warmed to them as the courageous rear guard of
retreating summer, against the grim advance of
wintry drear and frosts. But this New York show
revealed to me capacities of the plant for floral
loveliness and magnificence that filled me with de-
lighted wonder and surprise. I now sympathize
with the heathen Chinee and his neighbor of Japan,
who look upon the chrysanthemum as the rival of
that floral queen, the rose.

The area of the hall was girt with a brilliant
mass of gorgeous flowers. Around its sides, there
ranged a belt of potted plants, from 8 to 10 feet
wide. The grenadiers of the tribe stood against
the walls, crowned on single stems 7 to 9 feet high,
with flower heads 3 feet across. From these stal-
warts gradually descended blooms of lesser stature
and more bushy culture, till their flower heads
stood not more than two feet above the floor. Thus
that hall was girt with a terrace belt of rich and
brilliant tints, and lovely styles of blooms which
no pen can paint. Not only every shade of the
spectrum had place among these colors, but their
variety realized the wonderful range of tint in their
combinations.

Through this amphitheatre, so walled around by
floral loveliness, ranged four broad tables, solidly
mantled by the cut flowers of the chrysanthemum.
In variety of tint and style, and in size of flowers,
these tables rivalled the potted plants. Many
were doubtless new varieties of this plant, showing
the wonderful aptitude of the seedlings to take in
divers shade of colors and styles. Some flowers
were as regular and staid in their petals as a double
dahlia or an aster. Others sported a plumage as
loose and curly as a cupid's locks streaming in
the wind. Some were no bigger than a button,
while others stretched out from that size to six
inches across their petals.

To some of your readers, those rich and perfect
trusses of bloom, hfted on their tree stems 9 feet
above the floor, may be a familiar sight and habit
of the plant. I confess that to me, those tall and
slender trunks, stiffened by rods to uphold those
brilliant masses of color, were a wonder and a sur-
prise. I had never even dreamed of such a floral
possibility, except in the woody standard of the
rose tree.

One of the exhibitors kindly told me how the
feat was done. In the spring you choose a shoot,
stout and vigorous, and pinch, cut and keep down
all the rest. As that fixed on to make your stal-
wart gets stature and stoutness, pinch out all its side

96

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

branches or stems, keeping the base leaves of the
pinched off shoots to give nourishment and girth
to the trunk of your tree chrysanthemum. Thus
go on till your flower head forms. From this, too,
pinch out all weak and crowding shoots, so that
your flower head has room to open with a glorious
mass of bloom.

More than 500 distinct varieties were shown.
The largest collection, and that to which the mass
of prizes were given, was that of Messrs. Hallock,
Son, and Thorp, of Queens, L. I. There were
other exhibitors who, I think, shared with that
house some of the highest prizes, but I do not
remember their names. Bridgeport, Conn.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

American Pomological Society. — We under-
stand that at the meeting this year, use is to be
made of the knowledge of the members present,
by introducing especially topics for discussion, on
which we have not yet arrived at final conclusions,
and by means of which discussions we may get
the advantage of the views of leading representa-
tives. A.mong other topics Dr. Hexamer will
introduce some one in connection with the
strawberry. Mr. Barry on nomenclature. The
influence of pollen on the growing fruit, will be a
prominent subject. Professor Lazenby would be a
good one to handle it. Special fruits for the
North, the South, the West, will have a share of
attention ; the gain to Pomology by the New
Orleans Exposition ; progress in American grape
culture ; diseases of the peach ; insect remedies;
the best latitudes for the most profitable culture of
the several fruits. These are samples of some of
the topics it is proposed to introduce intelligently,
and discuss freely. From all we can learn the
meeting promises to be one of the most practically
useful in the history of the Society.

The Pennsylvania Horticultural Associ-
ation.— This body had a very successful meeting
at Lancaster. Judge Stitzel of Reading, who had
been re-elected President for several successive
terms, declined a re-election, from, as he express-
ed it, no lack of continued interest in' the welfare
of the Society, but from the pressure of advanc-
ing years and other public interests. Mr. Calvin
Cooper a highly intelligent and active gentleman
of Lancaster county, was elected to succeed him.
The Society does not intend to relax in the slight-
est degree, its interest in the successful and profi-
table culture of fruits, but recognizes its mission
as a promoter of intelligent Horticulture in all its

branches. Cyrus D. Fox of Reading, Edwin
Satterthwait of -Jenkintown, H. M. Engle of
Marietta, and other fruit growers gave great value
to the deliberations by freely communicating the
results of their successful experiences ; while
William Moon, Josiah Hoopes, and other well-
known lovers of general Horticulture, took care
of other departments. In the evening of the last
day some three hundred persons were in attend-
ance, largely of the ladies and gentlemen of
Lancaster, and the influence for good of the
whole meeting is no doubt widely spread.

Massachusetts Horticultural Society. —
Death of Mr. Downing. — At the meeting of
January 31st, Col. M. P. Wilder, in some feeling
and appreciative remarks, introduced the follow-
ing :

" Resolved, That the members of the Massachu-
setts Horticultural Society desire to express at the
earliest opportunity their sorrow at the removal
from earth of their late friend and corresponding
member, Charles Downing, of Newburgh, New
York.

" Resolved, That his life has been a blessing
to mankind, and his death is a loss not only to
our nation, but to the whole pomological world.

"Resolved, that while we thus speak, we would
acknowledge most gratefully the Divine goodness
which spared him to us so long, and that, although
his star has now set, it has left a golden record
which shall illumine the annals of pomology while
the earth shall bear a fruit or the love of Nature
shall have a place in the soul of man."

After remarks by Benjamin G. Smith, Robert
Manning, William C. Strong, Joseph H. Bourn
and the president, the resolutions were unani-
mously adopted.

Mr. Wilder then presented a beautiful painting
of fruits, which Mr. Downing had directed to be
sent to the society after his death. The thanks
of the society were voted to Mr. Downing"s exe-
cutor for his promptness in sending the painting.

Programme of Meeting for Discussion during
the Season of 1885. — Mar. 7. Propagation of
Trees from Seeds, by Jackson Dawson, Jamaica
Plain. Mar. 14. Nomenclature of Fruit, by Hon.
Marshall P. Wilder, Boston. Mar. 21. Heating
Greenhouses, by Joseph H. Woodford, Newton.
Mar. 28. A comparison of Manures for the Orch-
ard and Garden, by Prof. G. C. Caldwell, Ithaca,
N. Y.

The meetings will be held at Horticultural Hall,
Tremont Street, Boston, at 11 o'clock. All in-
terested are freely and cordially invited to attend.
O. B. Hadwen, Chairman Committee on Publi-
cation and Discussion.

<^

VORV^

THE

GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE. ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXVII.

APRIL, 1885.

Number 316.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

In these seasonable hints we endeavor to pre-
sent such facts as may serve to jog the memory,
keeping that which is absolutely new for the body
of our work. In the South tree planting will be
about over, while in the bleaker North with its
remarkably persistent winter the work has but just
begun. The fall of the year is the best planting
season South ; April and May, in the North.
What we say now for the North will therefore soon
be seasonable South ; only a few months ahead of
time, and therefore not likely to be forgotten. In
regard to planting, we cannot do better than repeat
advice we have more than once given in our paper,
that to be successful, we should not let the roots
dry for an instant between taking up and planting,
everybody knows, but everybody don't do it ; in
fact, everybody deceives himself. We have seen
this distinguished individual leave the tops of trees
exposed to the sun, with a mat or straw thrown
over the roots, and think all was right — or heel in
for a day or two, by just throwing a httle dirt over
the roots. This is a little good; but everybody's
fault is, that although this may be ten minutes of
good, he expects to get ten hours, or even ten days'
value out of it ; and thus he suffers more than if he
had done nothing, because he forgets that the
branches evaporate moisture from the roots in a
dry wind, and the juices go from the roots through

the branches very nearly as well as directly to
the air from the roots themselves. So with heel-
ing in. The soil is thrown in lightly, or at most
just "kicked" down. "It is only temporary,"
very few of the roots come in contact with the
soil. They can draw in no moisture to supply the
waste of evaporation, and thus they stay day after
day — everybody satisfied because he sees the
roots covered ; really worse than if they had been
exposed. We have no doubt that more trees are
lost from imperfect heeling in than from any other
cause whatever. Of course, if the tops be cover-
ed as well as the roots, there is less waste of mois-
ture and more chance of success.

Where evergreens can be benefited by pruning,
April is a very good month to attempt it. If a
tree is thin in foliage at the base, the top of the
tree, leader and all, must be cut away. It makes
no difference what the kind is, all will make new
leaders after being cut back, if properly attended
to. We make this remark because there is a pre-
valent idea that pines will not stand this cutting.
Of course the trimming should be done in a coni-
cal manner, so as to conform to the conical
style of the evergreen tree. Sometimes an
evergreen, especially a pine, will rather turn up
some of the ends of its side branches than push
out another leader ; when this is the case, cut
these away, and a real leader will form the second
year.

98

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

lApril,

In regard to lawn management there has been
nothing much developed of late years. Of course
our readers know now, that much of the com-
plaint about small weeds getting ahead in the
grass, comes from cutting the grass too short with
the lawn mower. But the first cutting in spring
should be done as early as possible, and as short
as possible, or else when cut in summer it will
leave a brown appearance every time.

COMMUNICATIONS.

NEW GERANIUMS.

BY D. R. WOODS.

We do not believe that of any other plant is
there as much seed annually sown, in the hope of
producing better varieties, as of the geranium.
This is not strange as hybridizers have been'
eminently successful in their efforts to improve
this popular bedding plant. Of the many new
sorts sent out by the various raisers every year
the great majority are grown but a season or two
and are discarded to make room for later introduc-
tions. Last year a new type of geraniums was
introduced in Europe, which we believe will com-
pletely change the aspect of geranium beds ; we
refer to the dwarf Zonale geraniums, introduced
by Van Geert, of Ghent, Belgium, of which we
give a brief description ;

Archduke Rudolphe. — A magnificent flower of
a deep rich scarlet color ; very large and double.

Princess Stephanie. — A remarkable dwarf var-
iety, covered with enormous flowers of a beautiful
lilac pink color ; very double.

Triumph of Ghent. — An excellent novelty which
will be in great demand for borders and edges of
flower beds. It is very bushy. The leaves are
bordered with pure white, and the whole plant is
almost covered with lively lilac double flowers,
which glare brightly on the white background of
foliage.

None of these sorts grow to a height of more
than six inches, and for freedom of bloom are not
equalled by any sorts in cultivation. Their habit
of growth is strong and sturdy, very short jointed,
and consequently the appearance of the plant is
compact. They will be valuable for borders of
beds as well as for ribbon lines and will also be
valuable in fine bedding designs and mosaic work,
giving us additional colors for this class of work.
This will certainly be appreciated by those floral
artists who are ofttimes perplexed in trying to
harmonize colors and give pleasing contrasts out
of an exceedingly limited variety of plants. We

are advised that more varieties of these dwarf
geraniums, of new shades and colors, will be offered
for sale in France this spring. After obtaining them
and giving them a trial next summer, will report to
the readers of the Gardeners' Monthly.

New Brighton, Pa.

NEW DOUBLE W^HITE MIGNONETTE,
"SNOWBALL."

During the summer of "82 Mr. George Knoll, of
Bethlehem, began experimenting with the various
leading kinds of Mignonette with a view toward
its improvement. Of a large number of seedlings
obtained from a mixed bed of Parsons' White,
White Spiral and Ameliorata, the subject of our
sketch was the only distinct result. It was care-

fully kept through the winter of 1882-83, w^U
rewarding the care bestowed upon it, by a liberal
production of flowers of improved color, charming
appearance and fragrance.

Planted out during the summers of 1883-84,
it retained its distinct character through the hot
and dry months, attracting attention by its beauty
and novelty. The habit of the plant is compact,
pyramidal and floriferous, the trusses of bloom
being carried well above the foliage, which is a
deep glossy green. Planted out it grows 12 to 18

i885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

99

inches high, or if trained as a tree attains a height
of 2,yi to 4 feet, forming heads of surpassing love-
liness.

The "Snowball" has attained and will hold
for a long time to come, first place among num-
erous claimants for recognition. Unlike many of
the so-called " white " varieties, which have really
been of a dull gray color and having little frag-
rance, this sort is pure white, very full and
double and possessed of the true Mignonette odor.
Its habit of growth, freedom of flowering, charm-
ing color and fragrance, render it an admirable
pot plant either for house or dwelling.

[The above cut appeared in our advertising
columns last month ; but we reproduce it again
here, in order that it may go with the history of a I
variety which, by the samples sent to us, appear to
have more than ordinary merit. — Ed. G. M.]

THE CLASSES OF ROSES.

BY HENRY B. HAVENS.

China or Bengal. — A native of China brought to
Europe during the eighteenth century. They are of
moderate, branching growth, flowers of medium
size, and require a rich soil and close pruning.
They give a greater quantity of flowers during the
season than any other class.

Bourbon. — A. native of tht Isle of Bourbon.
The varieties vary greatly in growth, but most of
them are of vigorous habit, and dark lustrous foli-
age. The flowers are generally of light shades,
and found in clusters, and are especially valuable
in the autumn ; those of moderate growth require
close pruning, and are useful for low beds on the
lawn or for borders.

Climbing Teas. — This class contains three of
our finest climbing roses. Climbing Devoniensis,
Gloire de Dijon, and Reine Marie Henriette ; all
of vigorous growth when well established. When
protected from the wind, and in rich soil, the lat-
ter two will bloom continuously from spnng till
late in the autumn.

Hybrid Climbers. — Of modern origin and from
various sources, generally sports from Hybrid
Perpetuals. In growth not equal to the Climbing
Teas, but desirable for Trellis or Pillar roses.

Hybrid Noisette. — This is a modern group ob-
tained chiefly from crosses between Remontant,
Bourbon and Noisette roses. The flowers are
mostly white, of medium size, and generally of
good form. The varieties generally, though not
always, bloom in small clusters, and are freely
produced until late in the season.

Hybrid Perpetual or " Remontant." — A most
valuable class, and in England, standing at the
head of all roses. The first varieties sent out
were from crosses of Bourbons, upon Damask
Perpetuals and Hybrid Chinas; later crosses were
made with varieties of Provence, Damask and
French roses, upon Bourbons, Bengals and Teas,
and vice versa. Those that are of vigorous
growth as in other cases, need much less pruning
than those of dwarf habit, for if cut back too
severely, they run too much to wood. This class
thrives best in rich soil.

Hybrid Tea. — A new group produced by cross-
ing Teas with Hybrid Perpetuals. There are but
few varieties now in this class, but the number is
fast increasing. This class of roses, on account of
its novelty and promise of usefulness, is now look-
ed upon with more interest than any other, its best
representative being La France — which, with a
spicy perfume peculiar to itself, is the sweetest of
all roses, and equal to any in profusion of bloom.

Moss. — Believed to be a sport from the Prov-
ence rose, and was introduced from Holland
about the beginning of the seventeenth century.
They, are distinguished from other roses, by the
moss-like substance which surrounds the flower
buds and by the marked Provence scent, the
shoots are thickly covered with thorns ; as a class
they require close pruning, rich soil and high cul-
ture.

Noisette. — This is of American origin, and was
sent to France about the year 1817. This group
is naturally of vigorous growth and produces
large clusters of flowers. Through hybridization
with the Tea section the varieties have partially
lost the clustering tendency, but the flowers have
much more substance, and are far more beautiful ;
certainly nothing can surpass a wall covered with
Marechal Neil, or Cloth of Gold. One of the best
known is Lamarque, which produces an immense
quantity of flowers during the season ; and nearly
all the fine Tea Noisettes are traced back to this
variety. These roses must not be pruned except
when it is necessary to cut away shoots altogether.

Polyantha — Brought from Japan about the
year 1865. The foliage and flowers are both very
small. The finest variety of this group, Mdlle
Cecile Brunner was raised from a seedling of
Polyantha, crossed by a Tea ; as a class they are
ever-blooming, of slender growth, producing a
great quantity of exquisitely beautiful flowers ; as
an edging for a bed of Teas they are very effec-
tive.

Prairie. — The Prairie rose is indigenous to the

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

country, being found in Michigan and many of the
Western States. The most valuable of all the
non-remontant climbers. For rapidity of growth,
they are unexcelled. The flowers are produced
in large clusters during the summer. The Queen
of the Prairies seems to be the most useful of the
group.

Tea. — Several varieties of this group were in-
troduced from China in the early part of the
present century; among them were the Blush Tea
and Yellow Tea, two varieties from which most of
the sorts now in cultivation have descended. Most
of the varieties in this group are very sensitive to
neglect, and will show very quickly whether they
have met with good or ill treatment. The soil can
scarcely be made too rich, and should be well
drained. The varieties of moderate growth re-
quire rather close pruning. The flowers vary
greatly in size, as well as in fullness, and for deli-
cate beauty — refinement of color, and wonderful
fragrance — they are unequaled. It is principally
lor their beautiful buds that Teas are highly
prized. Oakland, Cal.

[We take this from the catalogue of a rose grow-
ing company, of which Mr Havens is the manager,
which gives a full and concise description of near-
ly every rose that is known in gardens to-day. So
many people who love roses do not know the
classification, that we are sure the condensed in-
formation will be very acceptable. — Ed. G. M.]

COMBINATION HEDGES.

BY J. R. S.

An arbor vitae hedge separating the vegetable
garden from the lawn, occupying more than six
feet in width of valuable ground and having be-
come somewhat dilapidated from its thirty years
of service, was removed and a galvanized buck-
thorn fence with eight strands or rails (it is not
wire) attached to planed and painted locust posts
five feet high, was put in its place. Climbing roses
of various kinds were set about eight feet apart
along the whole line ; after two seasons' growth
they cover the fence completely ; many of them
having been cut back four or five feet the past
summer.

The barbs on the buckthorn fencing, without
being so sharp as to make the training of the rose
shoots unpleasant, are yet sufficiently prominent to
prevent the shoots from slipping, so that no tying
is necessary if they are interlaced through the rails.

The corner or straining posts were mortised into
pieces of locust seven or eight feet long, and the

braces, also of locust, notched in at such height
that they are entirely under ground.

.\ rose hedge is thus quickly and cheaply made,
is a far better barrier, more ornamental, less ex-
pense for its yearly care than a hedge, and occu-
pies six inches instead of six feet in width of land.

Some of the stronger growing sorts of roses
would be better ten or twelve feet apart.

Rahway, Feb. i6th, 1885.

[The idea of combining barbed wire fences with
live plants opens up such a wide range of possi-
bilities that it is bound to grow, and we shall no
doubt see Osage orange and other plants that
require continual labor to keep them within bounds,
completely abandoned. Any bush strong enough
to hold a wire, will make a permanent fence, and
then we have hundreds of things to choose from.
—Ed. G. M.]

THE YORK AND LANCASTER ROSE.

BY MRS. J. S. R. THOMSON.

Several years since the rose growers had given
them (by Peter Henderson I believe) a new rose,
striped ; and therefore called American Banner.
It created quite a sensation and demand. I amongst
the rest bought it and must confess to a great dis-
appointment after seeing it flower. It does not
here interest us to discuss its merits, but I want to
call your attention to a rose now very scarce in
our southern gardens; but a few I saw last season
in such luxuriant bloom that several flower loving
people " talked it over " and came to the con-
clusion that in it the "American Banner" had
more than its compeer. Doubtless you know the
rose under its old-fashioned name of "York and
Lancaster." Named from England's war of the
roses, whose emblems were one a white, the other a
red rose, and afterwards commingled in one.
This rose is a deep glowing rose color, distinctly
striped with pale flesh, only semi-double, a pro-
fusion' of golden stamens in fine contrast to the
rose. Why cannot this rose be made known again
to the flower public ? If they raved over " Ameri-
can Banner," which is an extremely delicate Tea,
why not accept this York and Lancaster which is
is as hardy as a wild Cherokee rose, and make it
a prime favorite? I have secured a goodly num-
ber of them and intend propagating from it and
try to re-introduce it, on its merits alone.

Will you not write an article upon this rose ? I
would like to know more of it, its origin and
merits, than I do. I love flowers and their culture
with my whole ardent southern soul, and never

1885.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

lOI

tire of reading, writing, worlcing or talking about
them.

[We are very glad to l^now this lovely rose is
still in existence. It is many years since we saw
a plant. We share our correspondent's warm
admiration for it. In regard to its striped char-
acter we may remark that all of this class come
self-colored at times, just as she found it with
the American Banner. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Love of Herbaceous Plants. — In an
admirable essay before the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society recently, Mr. E. L. Beard says:
" What is needed in the place of bedding plants is
diversity of form and color and artistic combina-
tions. Let us mark each season with its flowers
and enjoy them in their order, and the develop-
ment of our interest and pleasure will become
more full and gratifying with each successive
year. Our attention will be diverted to new pleas-
ures, before unknown or unappreciated, for the
realm of horticultural investigation has no limits.
A well-known writer, summing up the contrast be-
tween bedding and hardy plants, says there is
nothing whatever used in bedding to be compared
in any way — color, fragrance or bloom — to that
found in many families of hardy plants. There is
no beauty at all among bedding plants, compara-
ble with that of lilies, irises, paeonies, delphiniums,
narcissi, and a host of others. Are we to put aside
all this beauty or put it into a second place, for
the sake of the comparatively few things that
merely make beds and lines of colors for two or
three months, and from which you cannot cut a
nosegay ? Let those who like bedding plants en-
joy them ; but no one who knows what the plants
of the northern and temperate world are can ad-
mit that their place is a secondary one. We might
also argue from an sesthetic standpoint against the
artificialty of bedding out, and its violation of artis-
tic ideas, independent of its practical disadvan-
tages ; but as we have to deal with practice rather
than theory, it is better to attempt to show how
many beautiful, and to most people unfamiliar,
plants can be used to decorate our gardens and
grounds, many of which are barren wastes com-
pared with what a little knowledge and taste might
make them. The essayist therefore turned from
any arguments, for or against favorite plants, to
consider how our gardens may be made beautiful
by the culture of hardy plants."

D.^NGERS FROM WiRE FENCES. — Forestry says
that among the dangers which follow wire fences
in that part of the world is the death of cattle from
lightning strokes conducted by the fences.

C.\LLICARP.\ PURPUREA. — There seems to be
several species under this name in cultivation.
Certainly the one figured in the London Garden
of June i6th, last year, is not the one so known in
American gardens. The American is much pret-
tier as a shrub than that can be.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Copper Wire for Zinc Labels. — In reply to
an objection that the eyelet hole in a zinc label
soon wears away when it is suspended by copper
wire, "J. R. S." says: "The points of contact
are so minute between the wire and the label,
that I think enough moisture could not lodge .
thereto set up a galvanic action. Soft galvanized
wire or lead wire might be used."

Raising Chrysanthemums from Seed. —
•■Mrs. J.G. M.," Buffalo, N. Y., writes: "Could
you not give, for amateurs, in the next issue of the
Gardeners' Monthly, some directions about the
raising from seeds, and care through the summer,
of the Japanese Chrysanthemums ? I am about
to try some, inspired by the New York Horticul-
tural Show last fall, and am most anxious to suc-
ceed."

[Chrysanthemum seeds are generally sown by
the raisers as soon as ripe ; that is, early in winter,
and sown at once in a greenhouse. The plants
are quite forward by spring, and if set out in good
garden ground, will flower the following autumn.
Those who have no greenhouse could sow in the
open ground in early spring, but we do not know
whether such plants would bloom the same year.
The very double Chrysanthemums do not seed
well, for, though a double Chrysanthemum is not
double as in the case of Roses or Carnations,
through the stamens changing into petals, there is
a sexual change in Chrysanthemums, Dahlias
and many other flowers of the Aster-like or com-
posite class, with the change in the form of the
florets. In the single or " anemone-flowered "
Chrysanthemums, Dahlias, and so forth, the cen-
tral florets are tubular, and each has a pistil and
stamens. A double flower of this class is simply
the changing of a tubular to the strap-shaped
character, which generally forms the outer row of
florets. This outer row is very often neuter, or

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

simply with pistils only. When the tubular florets
become strap-shaped they carry these sexual
characteristics with them, and hence, for want of
pollen, they rarely produce seeds. This is why
so few seeds are usually found in the very double
Chrysanthemums. Those not quite double are
the best to use for seed parents. — Ed. G. M.]

Umbrella Tree. — " D. R. W.," New Brighton,
Pa., writes : " I send you a seed received from a
correspondent in Texas, who calls it "Umbrella
Tree " or " Pride of India." If you know it will
you please give Botanical name, and state if in
your opinion it is desirable for cultivation ?"

[This is botanically Melia Azederach. It is an
excellent street tree for the South, but only with

difficulty stands the winter at Philadelphia. — Ed.
G. M.]

Wintering Roses in the North-west. — "W.
W.," Northfield, Minn., says: "In the December
number a correspondent who signs 'M. L. H.'
Minneapolis, Minn., says: 'I have no trouble
wintering roses here.' If you could get your cor-
respondent to communicate his method, it would
be a great blessing to a great many lovers of the
' queen of flowers,' in this bleak Northwestern
country."

[The method pursued by " M. L. H." for pre-
serving roses there, would no doubt be very ac-
ceptable to many readers as well as to the writer
of the above. — Ed. G. M.]

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

We are pleased to note that the hints we recently
gave in this department for good potting as a
means for good plant growing have attracted wide
attention. We have not seen for a long time any-
thing in our pages that has been so widely copied
and commented on as that chapter. We would
now suggest, that next to getting good healthy roots
so that a plant can grow freely, training is an im-
portant element in getting good specimen plants.
We often see plants at exhibition of good form and
good size, but the result rather of age or accident
than of skill on the part of the grower. In exhibi-
tions of Chrysanthemums, as we have had occa-
sion to notice before, much of the interest in the
fine specimen is lost because of the bundles of
stakes and almost miles of twine that we see
everywhere about them. The art should be to so
give the plant a start that it will grow of itself the
way we want it to grow. " As the twig is bent the
tree's inclined " should never be lost sight of by
the plant grower. The shoots may be staked out
a little at the first start, so as to fill in a hollow
space if there be one ; and if there be not
shoots enough, a strong one may have its point
pinched out, so as to make it push some sec-
ondary side ones. But only the strong ones
must be pinched back, because pinching has
a somewhat weakening tendency, and we do

not wish to weaken a
shoot already weak.
The object is to
strengthen rather than
put back a shoot al-
ready weak, so that
all may have uniform
vigor. In this way
shoots at the base of
a plant that are al-
ways weaker than
those above, are
strengthened by hav-
ing the uppermost
pinched back as they
grow. We give here-
with a sketch of a
Fuchsia which we take
from the London Gar-
deners' Chronicle,
which plant was eight
feet high, and, as the
great number of flow-
ers and leaves in the small space indicates,
taken at a long view, illustrates what good culture
can do. There is of course pleasure in having
a Fuchsia plant, and in a few score of its beauti-
ful blossoms ; but how much more is the pleasure
enhanced when we can have a specimen like this.
It was grown by Mr. James Lye, a gardener near

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

103

Bath in England, whose greatest pride is that no
one has ever been able to beat him in growing a
Fuchsia. He has scores of plants as good as this.

COMMUNICATIONS.

CYCLAMENS.

BV M. J. EDMONDS.

I am glad to see an increasing interest in the
growing of cyclamens. A great many persons
have asked me what is the best sort to grow, and
in reply I would say the Persicum and its varieties
are my favorites. A good way to get an assort-
ment is to raise them from seed. Of course the
exact colors cannot be reproduced from seed ; a
packet of Persicum album will not produce all
whites, neither will roseum all rose color. As good
a plan as any is to get a packet of mixed seeds,
from which will be had a variety to suit every one.
With this I mail you a sample of blooms produced
from plants from a mixed packet of seeds. They
are mostly from young plants blooming for the
first time. No. i are from Persicum, No. 2 from
giganteum, and No. 3 from old plants. The young
plants were watered with manure water but once.
Just how long a plant will live I cannot say. In
my collection are some seven years old that look
good for as many more years. I write this as a
general answer to inquiries received respecting
this plant, and would have done it sooner, but was
waiting till I could send you blooms from my
young plants. Gardener to James McCreery,

Inwood-on the- Hudson, New York.

[The blooms were remarkably fine. Indeed we
have never seen such large and handsome flowers
before.— Ed. G. M.J

mens. Another with not half the variety had each
variety displayed in a champagne glass — those
funnel-shaped cut glass. Three of each — a bud,
half-opened bud, and a full blown rose — with just
foliage enough of its own to show its leaf charac-
teristics, growth, etc., and to add to the rose's at-
tractiveness. I made a table decoration for same
fair which carried off first prize. I had an oblong
tin trough, 3 inches high and broad, 18x22 inches
long. I placed this' on a large waiter, after ar-
ranging it full of beautiful flowers as far as the
outer edge of the trough extended ; in the trough,
water and then flowers of delicate structure, tiny
ferns, lycopodiums, partridge vine-bloom, lily of
the valley, etc. From the inner edge of trough was
a mirror which reflected the flowers and looked
like a miniature lake, and in center of mirror I
placed an exquisite three branching glass Epergne
with the cream of my flowers. It had universal
praise awarded it. That being six years ago, I
have seen the same idea carried out further, having
added small glass swans on the mirror as if swim-
ming in the water. This arrangement 1 keep and use
now whenever I entertain or have parties, and the
effect is quite pretty.

MILDEW IN ROSES.

OF TASTE IN FLORAL ARRANGEMENT.
BY A LADY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.

I agree with "W." about the lack of taste in
exhibitors at floral fairs or exhibitions. I had the
pleasure six years since to be placed on a commit-
tee of three, to award premiums on pot plants and
cut flowers. P. J. Berckmans (justly celebrated
florist and horticulturist, and now in charge of Hor-
ticultural Hall in New Orleans Exposition) was
one of the three. One lady had eighty-five named
varieties of roses jammed and crowded on one
medium sized waiter, not a leaf or bit of green
— ^just the roses — so closely packed that it took a
truly appreciative person to take in the rarity of
her collection, for rare they were and fine speci-

BY JOHN TILLOTSON.

1 have read Mr. Veitch's article on mildew and
his remedy, and I wish to say that 1 have used
dry sulphur over twenty years and never saw any
bad effects from it. No one need be troubled
with mildew if he will sprinkle the flow pipes three
times a week for two weeks, when steady firing be-
gins in the fall, and once a week for red spider.
His roses ought then to be healthy all the winter.
Sulphur on hot-water pipes will not burn, and on
steam pipes will melt at fifteen pounds pressure
and run like water. Even that severe test will do
no harm in a rose house, neither did ithurtsmilax
in the same house, and it has been repeated
several times through the carelessness of the fire-
man. Fishkill Village, N. V.

THE HOT- WATER CURE.

BY H.

In the fall of 1883, I procured a set of about
two dozen new Chrysanthemums. They were
soon covered with a small, almost black aphis or
plant louse that I had never seen before. My
man smoked the house with little benefit ; only re-
ducing the number, but not exterminating the

I04

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

race. Three days later he thought he would give
them a " big smoke," that would "lay out" the
black pests. So, unknown to me, he used about
three times as much tobacco as usual, and when
I e.xamined the house next morning, I found that
most of the insects had been killed, and be-
sides, my bed of smila.\ that filled one side of the
house was ruined. It was growing rapidly, was
soft, and easily injured.

My next trouble was soori developed, when I
found the dark aphis had escaped into a long
bench of single violets. Then they must be put
down and kept down, or I sliould have no flowers.
Had tried tobacco and failed; did not like to resort
to petroleum lest iny plants should be killed.
Next we resorted to hot water. Had it drawn
from the boiler, and after adjusting the tempera-
ture to 130°, we thoroughly covered the violets
with it, using the syringe. Watered them in the
same manner, all the plants needed, for two or
three weeks. The result was, the insects were
killed, the plants started into healthy growth, and
flowered finely.

This experience of a novice has several lessons :
1st. Growing plants will not bear much smoke.
2d. Water at 130O will kill small insect enemies.
3d. Hot water applied to the roots of growing
plants is beneficial in cold winter weather.

Wizshington Heights, III.

PAINT FOR HOT-WATER PIPES.

BY READER.

Why do not the " victims " of gas tar use lamp-
black and linseed oil mixed to the consistency of
paint, for painting their hot-water pipes ? It will
prevent rust and improve the looks of the pipes
without injury to plant or foliage. Certainly gas
tar will not do more. After the preparation has
thoroughly dried, a going over once a fortnight of
the exposed portions of the pipes with cotton waste
saturated with oil will brighten them up like new.

Berwyn, Pa.

GHIESBREGHT'S SERICOGRAPHIS.
BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

Sericographis Ghiesbreghtiana is a very pretty
and valuable winter flowering warm greenhouse
plant, belonging to the natural order Acanthacece.
It is a shrub of dwarf growth, attaining a height
of from one and a half to two feet, with smooth
stems and opposite oblong lanceolate undulated
dark green leaves, on short petioles producing its
bright scarlet colored flowers, in small, loose, one-

sided panicles, in the greatest profusion during
the months of January and February ; and on
this account is a very desirable addition to any
collection of stove* or greenhouse plants. The
individual flowers are from one and a half to
two inches in length. This Sericographis is a
plant that can be easily cultivated. It thrives best
in a compost of two-thirds well rotted sods, and
one-third well decayed manure; and as it is
a plant of robust growth, it should be given a
good share of pot room. Be careful to drain the
pot well, and during its season of growth give
liquid manure water freely. During the winter
season it should be given a light sunny situation,
and an average temperature of 55° with a liberal
supply of water ; but when it has ceased, a limit-
ed supply of water and a lower temperature will
be more suitable. In the summer season the
plants should be planted out in a well enriched,
deep border; care being taken as to watering dur-
ing dry weather, and at such times I have found a
mulch of coarse littery manure to be of the great-
est advantage, not only to this, but to many other
greenhouse plants. When grown under glass it is
very subject to the attacks of two very troub-
lesome insects, the mealy bug and red spider, so
that care is necessary to keep them in subjection.
On this account the plants should be freely and
frequently syringed. Propagation is effected by
cuttings ol the young wood placed in sand, and
given a gentle bottom heat. If the young plants
are liberally treated and shifted as often as nec-
essary, nice flowering specimens will soon be ob-
tained. Its native country is unknown, and noth-
ing is known with certainty of its history, except-
ing this, that in 1846 Messrs. RoUison, of Tooting,
England, received it from M. Mackoy, a Belgian
nurseryman, under the name of Aphelandra
Ghiesbrieghtiana. Queens, L. I , New York.

REMOVING GAS TAR FROM HOT-WATER
PIPES.

BY A NEW JERSEY CORRESPONDENT.

.Vlthough I have not been troubled with gas
tar on my pipes at any time, yet, from my knowl-
edge of gas tar in many experiments, I know
the cure. If a thick coat of whitewash of lime be
put on, after scraping ofT with a knife all it is pos-
sible to, then the lime absorbs all the rest, and if
one coat will not do it two or three surely will. It
may be found necessary to rub off each coat if
much blackened. The lime has a great affinity
for the tar and will absorb it all out, unless it (the

I88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

105

tar) is put on the inside; then this plan will not do.
There is no need whatever, in my opinion, to take
down the pipes if the gas tar is only on the out-
side.

THE CYCLAMEN.

UY W. C.

How seldom we find this plant, in the green-
houses of to-day, grown as it should be. I think
it one of the best plants for decorating a conser-
vatory or greenhouse, and for a window plant it
has no equal to my knowledge, also for cut flow-
ers. The soil best suited to the Cyclamen is a
compost of good turfy loam three parts, leaf-soil
and old rotten cow manure one part each, with
sand enough to keep the compost from becoming
sodden. For my part I prefer seedlings to old
bulbs. I sow the seed in February in well-drained
pans placed in a propagating bed, well shaded un-
til the plants are up, then remove the shade grad-
ually, and when the plants are hard enough place
them on a shelf close to the glass. When the
bulbs get as large as peas, pot into 3-inch pots,
place again in propagating bed with a sash
over them to keep close, also shade for a time un-
til established, then place again near the glass.
As soon as the weather will permit remove into a
cold frame to harden ready for planting out.
About June ist, or when all danger from frost is
gone, plant out about one foot apart in a border.
If the ground is naturally stiff, a little sand and
leaf soil will be a benefit (as they do not like a
stiff soil). Care should be taken to keep the sur-
face soil clear of weeds and well loosened up ;
also, should the weather be dry, a good watering
once or twice a week will be needed, the object
being to keep the plants growing all summer.
About September 15th lift the plants and pot into
well drained pots — six or seven-inch is the best
size ; place in a cold frame and shade for a few
days ; here they may remain until the nights be-
gin to get too cold for them, when they may be
removed into a light, airy greenhouse, keeping the
plants as near the glass as possible. The temper-
ature best suited is 50O to 55° by night, 60° to 75O
by day ; the latter temperature with bright sun and
considerable air. Bay View, Mass.

PROPAGATING PLANTS.
BY MRS. J. S. R. THOMSON.

I -with many other amateurs have felt the need
greatly of a r.ipid means of propagating what
plants we wish to increase; and the need has be-

come more urgent since we have established a
bureau of exchange. We by this means add so
easily to a small collection that, now we once know
and appreciate it, will not be easily induced to give
it up. 1 have a large cold pit to winter over my
plants in, with never the hope of having flowers
during the winter, as I have no means of heating
it, and (often as this, for instance, which has been
unprecedentedly cold with us) congratulate myself
on saving them alive to bloom during the summer
season. I am contemplating a change though in
said pit — to heat — and I am consulting with a
noted florist to see if my plan is feasible. But in
the meantime our season for propagating many
plants is almost upon us, and 1 have, 1 believe, hit
upon an idea that if it will work and become known,
I will be considered a public benefactor by my am-
ateur sisterhood. 1 give you my idea, and ask
in all simplicity, do you think it will work ? I
have an ordinary kerosene stove with attachments
thereto usual to them — a baker for one — which I
propose being one of my accessories to my propa-
gating apparatus, ist, I intend to fill an iron
baking pan, 3 inches deep 14x18 inches, with
clean white sand, and in this place closely my
slips or cuttings. 2d, light the fire, place my baker
in its usual place, and within that as deep a boiler
as it will accommodate, filled with water, closing
the door of the baker upon it ; then on top of this
baker I propose setting this pan of cuttings, and
I think the boiling water, generating steam, on
escaping around and under the pan will give me
just any temperature I may desire, by regulating
it with the little rachet wheels to turn up flame or
lower it, by putting in a thermometer in the sand
and keeping sand sopping wet. Why have I not
a means, of rapidly increasing all my plants —
those that require great heat and those that like
little ? I would feel exceedingly obliged if you
would give me your opinion of my plan. I have
not one practical scientific idea, but 1 believe this
will work. Spartanburg, S. C.

[This is a very good suggestion, and the appar-
atus will no doubt work very well.

There is, however, one thing which may be said
about this propagating subject, that the more ex-
perience one gets the simpler the art of propaga-
tion is found to be, till in time we find that we
; need scarcely any apparatus at all. Two or three
generations ago propagation was thought to be a
great mystery ; only a few had the hidden secrets
revealed to them. In some of the famous nur-
! series of the Old World the propagating depart-
ment was surrounded by a high wall like a prison.

io6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

and only the propagator and his assistants ever
allowed to enter. These assistants had to pay a
round sum for initiation into the mysteries of this
sacred place, and of course it was not necessary
under these circumstances for the chief propaga-
tor to put his finger on his lip, or to wink his eye.
They were interested in keeping the secrets that
flourished only within the walls. With the era
of magazine literature, however, the wonderful
processes leaked out, and bell glasses, hand glasses,
various colored glasses, silver sand and other
wonderfully colored sands, hot-water pipes, hot-
water tanks, hot chambers, and no end of con-
trivances, were illustrated and described ; and we
often look back to even so recent a time as the
early volumes of our own magazine in amazement
at the many wonderful contrivances for success-
ful propagation. In these days nurserymen em-
ploy even the most thick-headed boys in grafting,
budding and cutting making. A backwoodsman
with a hatchet can graft a tree as well as an old
professional with a five-dollar grafting outfit.
Boxes of sandy mush set in the full sun, root soft
wooded cuttings as well as any old-time forcing
pit ; and when we look at our boxes of rooted
heath cuttings stuck in by a boy who hardly
knows how to read, and remember the time we
had with them when we hardly dared to speak of
them except as Ericas, we really think the world
moves.

As a practical hint in propagating, we may make
room for one leading principle here; Full light
is opposed to the rooting impulse of a plant. Roots
are formed under ground, in the darkness. Wood
formed in partial light will root easier than wood
formed in full light. For this reason those who
propose to strike cuttings grow their plants first in
partial light. A rose grown under glass will give
cuttings that strike easily ; cuttings from out-door
roses root with difficulty. We learn from all this
the kind of wood to be used for cuttings is of much
more importance than any method of heating or
of treating them. — Ed. G. M.]

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Insects on Roses and Carnations. — " Mrs.
G. R.," Pemberton, N. J., writes: " Your remarks
on page 31 of the January number of the (Gar-
deners' Monthly, give me courage to write you
on a subject in which I am much interested. 1
send you with this mail a tin box containingasmall
bunch of yellow cocoons, from which little black

flies are hatching. I inclose with it some of the
flies that have hatched, and I have reason to
think that some of them will be alive when it
reaches you, as a number of them have lived 405
days in my incubator, which is an mverted tum-
bler on the mantel, back of the stove. A friend
hasjust told me that she found in a work on en-
tomology, a description answering to this insect,
and it said the little black fly destroyed the cab-
bage worm. We found a great number of these
cocoons on the under side of the leaves of our
Carnation plants, when we took them in the green-
house last fall. I shall be under great obligations
to you if you will tell me what they are, and
whether they are friends or enemies ; and I would
like very much to know if they have any con-
nection with the common brown grub that does so
much damage in the spring. They cut off hundreds
of our Carnations and other plants last spring. At
that time I brought two of them in the house and
placed them in a pan of soil ; after they had been
there a number of days, one of them showed great
uneasiness, as if trying to escape from the pan ;
then I was called away for fifteen or twenty
minutes, and when I looked again the grub had
shrunk to one-third its former size, and close by
it lay a bunch of what looked like yellow silk
floss, and squirming all through it a great number
of tiny white grubs. Now I cannot say that the
flies gave birth to those little grubs and the floss
that enveloped them, as 1 did not see the action,
but it is the only way in which I can account for
their being there. The grub died in a short time ;
the other grub went into the chrysalis state and
j finally got destroyed. It seems improbable to me
i that there is any connection in the two or three
forms of insect life that I have mentioned. I give
you the facts as they have come under my ob-
servation, hoping you will give me some light on
I the subject, which 1 earnestly desire, and which is
j my only apology for writing you such a long let-
ter I have also fifteen katy-did eggs in my incu-
bator which have not hatched yet. 1 am very
curious to see what they will develop."

[There were no signs of black flies in the box.
The cocoons seem to belong to Apantcles, a
class of Microgasters, that are friends rather
than enemies. The grub that is often so de-
structive to the roots of flowers is generally
the larvai of the May Beetle, and we know of
no other that is so destructive. It is said
that a little earth taken away around each plant
and a little salt placed therein, will kill these
grubs; but salt in an overdose will kill the plants

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

107

as well. Just how much salt to employ must be
a matter of careful experiment. Lime water de-
stroys some of these terrestrial creatures without
Injuring the plants, and it may be of service as
against this enemy. — Ed. G. M.]

Cause of Mildew on Roses and Other
Plants. — " Rose Grower " says : "I note in the
Gardeners' Monthly remedies for the cure of
mildew. Is anything known of its cause and pre-
vention ?"

[Under the name of mildew we are speaking of
small funguses. These, like the whole mushroom
family, only grow when there are combined
moisture and a degree of heat just suited to them.
They seem to require exact conditions for growth
to a fine point not required by a higher order of
vegetation. We may for instance expose a piece
of bread to the weather. If it get wet and the
temperature is but a few degrees above freezing
point, no fungus at once appears. If the tempera-
ture be above 50°, no fungus appears; at least not
the cob-webby form which is so destructive to
vegetation. But if the temperature be about the dew
point, the bread will be found as soon as the dew
is off completely covered with a fine silky organ-
ism. It was the exact temperature in connection
with the moisture that induced the rapid fungous
growth. Now in rose culture few are troubled by
mildew; when a temperature of 55° is steadily
maintained in connection with the humidity of
the atmosphere. If a draft of cool air be admitted
so as to suddenly alter the hygrometric conditions,
or the temperature in connection therewith, mil-
dew may follow. Sulphur applications may kill
it after it has started.

But the conditions of the plant may favor the
growth. There is no doubt now but mildews will
attack perfectly healthy vegetation, but it is also
true that they prefer that which is either dead or
with low vital power to that which is strong and
vigorous. The weakest leaves are the first at-
tacked. It is therefore wise in the rose grower to
study those laws of health related to roses or other
plants. A large number of rose growers have
plants that by bad treatment are under low vital
conditions, and these are unquestionably more
liable to mildew than perfectly healthy plants.
The average rose grower knows very little about
the laws of health as applied to the plants he
grows. — Ed. G. M.]

Greenhouse Flues. — " D. B. C," Dubois, Pa.,
writes: " 1 have built a new greenhouse which I
want to heat by flue. Would you be kind enough

to inform me what sized grate to use, and also
the size of drain pipe for a house 20x50 ? Is there
any way to clean those flues besides brushing
them out ? Is there any chemical process for
cleaning them ? The flue I have in use now is
only to heat a small house, and I find it very diffi-
cult to keep clean."

[Eighteen or twenty inch bars ought to be
enough for a grate for such a house. Ordinary
drain pipe is vitrified or glazed. We have not
found these as good as the unglazed ones, and we
find those made of fire clay superior. For your
house one with a six-inch bore would do but for
the soot from bituminous coal choking it so soon.
Eight inches would be better.

There is no chemical that we know of to clean
these flues. In our case we had a moveable col-
lar made for a number of sections. In this way a
section here and there can be wholly taken out,
and the rest easily cleaned. These collars must
have a piece of wire fastened around them, or
they will break when being filled with mortar,
clay, or whatever may be used to close the joints.
Wire should also be put around each piece of pipe
to guard against the escape of gas should any one
crack. The writer has had such pipes in a house
for twenty years without renewing a single section,
and working entirely to satisfaction. — Ed. G. M.]

Double O.xalis D. R. Woods, New Brighton,

Pa., writes : — " In reply to your correspondent on
p. 43, February number Gardeners' Monthly,
would say Oxalis lutea plena is a desirable bulb.
Its flowers are very double, but do not exceed
three-quarters of an inch in diameter. In regard
to lutea plena being the correct name we do not
know. The one to which we refer we firet saw
noted in the list of a Pennsylvania florist, and be-
lieving it was new we sent an order for all he had
of it. We have grown hundreds of it during the
past two years and are highly pleased with it, both
as a basket and pot plant. By referring to ' Rand's
Book of Bulbs,' pubhshed in 1866, we find a double
yellow Oxalis mentioned therein. This may or
may not be the same. The Editor is correct in
saying ' it would look like a very small dandelion,'
nevertheless when in full bloom it is very pretty."

NEW OR RARE PLANTS-.

New Varieties of Ferns. — It makes little
difference to a lover of plants whether the little
beauty he admires is what a botanist calls a species,
or only a variety. If they are distinct and lovely
it is all the same. The two we now illustrate are

io8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

Maiden Hair Ferns, that have been raised bv have introduced them to the commercial world,
florists, but are as well worthy of admiration as furnish us with the following account of them:

'lOL-^

some of the undoubted species brought thousands , " Adiantum cuneatum ,leJlexu»i.—'X\\\% neat

of miles from foreign lands. ! little evergreen fern was raised by Mr. Bause, of

Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea, near London, who Morland N'urscrv, South Norwood, from whom we

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

109

have acquired the stock. The following is from
Mr. Moore's description published in the Garden-
ers' Chronicle for December 8th, 1883. 'This goes
far to support the ideas of those who believe in the
crossing of ferns, whether the process is truly des-
cribed by the term hybridization or not. It was
raised between A. cuneatum and A. Bausei, the
latter also a so-called hybrid fern. The charac-
teristics of the two sorts are unmistakeably blended
in the new form which has the densely fronded
stocky growth of A. cuneatum with its spreading
fronds and cuneate pinnules, with the singularly
deflexed pinnules of A. Bausei ; this hanging
position of the pinnules gives the plant a very
distinct appearance. The plants are dense and
compact in growth, on which account they are
well adapted for grouping in small baskets and
jardinettes. Their bright and cheerful green color
adds much to its value as a decorative fern.'

" Adtantum rhodophyllum. — A most distinct
and beautiful Maiden Hair Fern allied to Adiantum
scutum, also raised by Mr. Bause, from whom we

have acquired the entire stock. It is far superior
to A. scutum in its ornamental qualities. The
fronds are densely crowded and attain a height of
15 to 18 inches; the stipes are very slender and
erect ; the leafy portion of the frond is bipinnate,
deltoid in outline, and spreading. When first
developed the young pinnules are crimson ; they
gradually change with age to a rosy fulvous green
and finally to a soft pale green. In form the
pinnules are fan-shaped, truncate on the basal side,
very finely dentate and split on the outer margin ;
when mature they are an inch and a half across.
" The remarkable diversity of colors presented by
the pinnules at different stages of their growth,
and which are all to be seen on the plant at the
same time, renders this Adiantum one of the most
effective decorative ferns yet offered. To this
striking characteristic must also be added the
compact habit of the plant and the elegant contour
of its tufted fronds. First-class Certificate from
Royal Horticultural Society and Certificate of
Merit from the Royal Botanical Society."

YnjjiT AND Vegetable Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE FRUIT OF THE JAPAN QUINCE.
BY. GEN. NOBLE.

We welcome the " utile cum duke," when if is
the honest boast of any plant of floral loveliness.
The mass of blooming plants yield us only their
fragrance and flowers. Of ornamental shrubs, I
think only the Berberry and Japan Quince, give
us a fruit that stores the promise of usefulness.

Only lately has the Japan Quince, beyond a
theory, seemed prophetic of fitness for the table
as a conserve. Its round, plump, and enduring
fruit, has for years wasted on the ground, or been
gathered into the rubbish pile. Yet all the while
there have been floating rumors of its deserving a
better fate. Years since, I reported to your jour-
nal a story of its tried excellence for jeUies and
jams. Among other rumors of its use in the
household, came one from friends of that princess
of housewives, Mrs. H. W. Beecher. It was said
that she had tried, and prized this quince, as a
great culinary acquisition.

I I am now able to say, from my own sight and
taste, that it makes a finer jelly, and as pleasant a
marmalade, as the Orange Quince. The jelly is
strongly acid, and of the most delicate tinge and
transparency. The marmalade from it is of much
lighter hue, and finer grain, than that of the com-
mon quince.

It requires only the simplest treatment. Any-
one who can jelly any fruit, can succeed with
this. Just so as to the marmalade. Although so
hard in substance, the fruit softens easily when
cooked. Besides these merits, the Japan Quince
has no worm-eaten fruits ; all are smooth and fair,
unblemished by the worm-favors so annoying in
the old cultivated kinds.

The variety of this shrub with cherry colored
blossoms, or that with pink and white blossoms,
yields the finest, largest, best flavored, and most
pulpy fruits.

A plantation of this quince, set as closely as it
will flourish, would yield a very profitable crop
for a canning concern. It is a sure crop, has no
windfalls, does not rot, does not shrivel, and
stands the colds and frosts well up to winter.

no

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

This quince grows about as large as the Guava
shrub ; its raw fruit is to the taste, full as pleasant
as the Guava. I hope to see it as largely used.

Bridgeport, Conn.

THE FOREIGN GOOSEBERRY.

BY BENJ. G. SMITH.

If cultivators knew how easily a crop of
Foreign Gooseberries can be produced, I think
they would be inclined to try them. 1 have culti-
vated English Gooseberries, the past eight or ten
years with uniform success, and have had no
more difficulty in securing abundant crops than
from American varieties. Have received first
prize from Massachusetts Horticultural Society,
the past eight years. English Gooseberries do not
like our mid-summer scorching sun. I therefore
secured a location where they received morning
sun until about ten, and afternoon three and a
half to sundown. Our soil, originally stiff clay, is
underdrained and subsoiled to depth of twenty-
four to thirty inches, with plenty of sand and cow
manure added. I am convinced the very best
fertilizer for the gooseberry is cow manure, sup-
plied liberally, as it is a gross feeder. My prac-
tice has been to prune severely, and thin out half
or two-thirds of the fruit. We give annually in
early autumn, a heavy dressing of cow manure.
As you know, Mr. Editor, the Foreign Gooseberry
in England will stand neglect, and produce satis-
factorily, but not so in New England. We must
here regard its requirements and give it necessary
attention, and 1 beheve success will be secured.

Cambridge, Mass'.

WIRE AS A PLANT SUPPORT.

BY T. BENNETT.

Your note on " Lima Beans Without Poles," in
the February number of the Monthly, has in-
duced me to make a few remarks on the various
uses to which wire may be applied for gardening
purposes, as a support to plants. Also to give
my own experience in the matter.

Wire in its various kinds and multifarious uses,
seems to have become not only a local, but a
national blessing ; and it seems might be much
more generally utilized for gardening purposes.
It might be more used for flowering vines and
ornamental work, as well as for grape vines.

I have grown Lima beans on upright threads
between two horizontal wires for several years,
and found it a very good plan, and can recom-
mend it where poles are scarce ; not only in gar-

dening, but for field culture also. Eight or nine
inches apart between the threads is better than
eighteen, and about si.K feet high to the top wire
is enough.

By topping the vines at the upper wire they
will bear to the ground, and under ordinary cir-
cumstances yield a most abundant crop. One
vine to each thread is enough. We cannot have
too many Lima beans. They are an excellent
vegetable, will keep the year round, and may be
had green in their pods all winter, by picking off
while yet a little green, and spread thinly on a
loft or attic, or laid on shelves ; this retains their
summer flavor.

I believe hops can be grown the same way ad-
vantageously by raising the top wire about three
feet more than for beans, or about nine feet high.
They should also be topped when the vine reach-
es the upper wire.

Peas grow well on two or three wires stretched
along the rows, fastened at intervals to short
stakes ; and even one wire is preferable to letting
them lie on the ground, and will greatly increase
and improve the crop.

Tomatoes are also very much improved by
some support of this kind, and in fact wire should
be more generally utilized for gardening purposes.
For the benefit of the readers of the Monthly,
I have visited the great wire establishment of
Cooper, Hewitt & Co., Trenton, N. J., to learn the
prices of the different sizes and grades of wire
adapted to these purposes ; and by the courtesy of
one of the firm, Mr. W. Hewitt, was shown over
that vast establishment. I saw many of the
numerous processes of wire making ; drawing and
reducing down to the size of a hair ; one pound
weight of which is capable of extending over a
distance of more than two miles. I learned also
from that gentleman, that two wires wrapped to-
gether, instead of one, are better for every kind of
trellis work where a strain is required, as the ex-
pansion and contraction from heat and cold, by
this means affects only the wrapping and not
the metal; thus preventing breakage by con-
traction ; and these two twisted wires may be had
for little more than the price of one single piece,
which is a double advantage. I also found these
gentlemen have invented and for sale, cheap wire
I trellises for peas, tomatoes, &c., as well as for
other kinds of ornamental fencing, each sort hav-
ing four or five double wires twisted around
laths and stakes, and which can be made and
formed to suit any purpose ; and the former can
be bought for about ly^ to 3 cents the running

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

Ill

foot, which is very cheap, and they look neat and
tidy. Can be rolled up and stowed away in win-
ter, and will last many years.

What they call double wire cable No. 14 costs
about seven cents a pound and will stretch about
twenty-nine feet, so that a person may calculate
beforehand what it will cost to wire his crop for
field or garden.

By getting galvanized wire it will last a long
time and save the trouble of painting. Indeed,
galvanized wire is the only kind to use for garden
purposes.

Now suppose we calculate the cost of an acre
of Lima beans, for the sake of comparison : A
square acre is about 69)^ yards on each side, and
with poles placed 3x4 Vi' feet apart will take 3.226 ;
and good cedar poles will cost at least 3 cents
each, which amounts to J96.78. Now two double
wires stretched over the same distance 4'^ feet
apart would take 661 lbs., and at 7 cents (the
highest figure) would cost S46.27. Or, suppose
we do not plant so close and place the poles 4x4
feet apart, this would take 2,723, and at the same
price, 3 cents, amount to $81.69. Two double
wires placed 5 feet apart would take 589 lbs., and
at 7 cents cost $41.23.

Posts, staples and thread will cost something,
but I consider the extra labor of putting down and
taking up the poles offsets that cost, and I think the
wire bears the most for the whole line is covered.

Accordingly, wire costs about one-half, or, as
in the first calculation, a little less than half the
price of poles, even supposing they could be pro-
cured easily and purchased cheaply.

Chambersburg, Trenton, N. J.

[Our readers will we are sure unite with us in
giving thanks to Mr. Bennett for this excellent
practical as well as suggestive communication.
There is no doubt but wire might be used with ex-
cellent economy in many cases now seldom thought
of. In field culture there will yet be one item in
favor of poles for hops and beans, wherever they
can be easily obtained, namely, the ease with
which a horse can work the hoe and harrow both
ways ; but this may be obviated by having hori-
zontal wires at the regular pole distances, and
strings from the wires to the ground when poles
are scarce. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Vegetation Under Orchard Trees. — At the
recent meeting of the New York Horticultural

Society, the everlasting topic of surface manage-
ment in orchards, was of course warmly discussed
— discussed warmly on both sides, says the re-
port.

.'^nd yet it is a very simple question in the light
of all that has been adduced during the last
quarter of a century. It is nothing more than
this : The feeding roots of trees are the small an-
nual fibres. These love to be as near the surface
as they can get, providing the temperature be not
too high, food and moisture be abundant, and an
absence of light. Sometimes these conditions will
be best secured by a clean surface ; sometimes by
keeping the surface shady by vegetation. We
have to penetrate into this question much deeper
than the grass that covers it. An orchard in grass
affords the comparative coolness required by the
roots, the shade which they love, and permits, by
the shade, the roots to get nearer the surface
than when growing in the fuU light which the
bare ground provides. But where food and mois-
ture are scarce, the advantages are counterbalanc-
ed. Food and moisture are the first essentials of
all good culture. A clear surface, or a surface de-
voted to other crops, is a secondary question.

Uniformity in Apple Barrels. — At the
meeting of the Western New York Horticultural
Society, a committee consisting of Julius Harris,
H. T. Brooks and C. M. Hooker appointed at the
last annual meeting to ascertain the dimensions of
a loo-quart apple barrel, then presented a report.
The committee recommended the use of a barrel
made of staves 28 '4 inches long, heads 17 inches
in diameter, with the bulge 64 inches in circum-
ference on the outside, holding 106 quarts of wheat
by actual measurement, and when shook down
III quarts; this being the size of the common
flour barrel now in use.

Prices of Fruit in Rochester in 1884.— Mr.
Charles M. Hooker, at a recent meeting of the
Western New York Horticultural Society stated
that the past season was one of very great abun-
dance in the production of nearly all varieties of
fruits in Monroe county, and we think never be-
fore were our markets so well supplied with fine
fruit of all kinds at such moderate prices. Dealers
in Rochester paid about as follows for good fruit :
Strawberries, 6 to 8 cents per quart ; black rasp-
berries, 6 to 8 cents ; red, 10 to 14 cents; black-
berries, 9 to 12 cents; currants, 4 to 6 cents per
pound; grapes, 3 to 5 cents per pound; peaches,
%\ to Si. 50 per basket ; plums — Lombard, Monroe
Egg and Common Blue sorts, 75 cents to $1 per

112

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April.

bushel; prunes, $2 to $2.50 per bushel; Renie
Claude de Bavay, S1.50; Bradshaw, {(1.50 to $2;
quinces, $2 to $4 per barrel ; pears — Bartlett, S4
to $6 ; Duchess and Seckel, $3 to S5 ; apples,
Si. 25 per barrel.

Product per Acre of Strawberries in
Western New York. — Mr. C. M. Hooker says
that in 1884 strawberries produced a wonderful
crop. Never before was so heavy a crop grown
here — 6,000 to 8,000 quarts per acre not being un-
common. The usual average in previous seasons
not being over 2,000 quarts per acre. This great
production arose doubtless from a very favorable
growth of the plants in the fall of 1883, the plants
coming through the past winter in good condition,
and frequent rains during the growth and ripening
of the fruit. Prices were very low.

Cure for Grape Vine Mildew. — Prof. Cald-
well told the recent meeting of the Western New
York Horticultural Society that it has been dis-
covered that mildew can be prevented by soaking
the stakes on which the vines twine in a solution
of blue vitriol. These stakes were mi.xed with
others not soaked, through the vineyard, and in
every case where not soaked all the leaves were
entirely ruined, while those on the soaked stakes
were healthy. A weaker solution of the vitriol
was not so effective. The effect of the soaking
gradually dies out, but will last from four to six
years.

The Japan Plum. — This is being largely planted
in California. This is a real plum. The Japan
plum of the Southern Atlantic portion of the
United States is a kind of Medlar, Mespilus Ja-
ponica.

Experience in Gardening. — After the Pil-
grims landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts, they
wrote home their experiences. The pea was pro-
nounced a total failure in the New World. They
planted of course in the time of year they had
been accustomed to plant. But in a few years
after they wrote to the old folks at home of their
wonderful success with many vegetables, and
then we find the pea in this wonderful list of suc-
cess.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Insect Injurious to the Tomato. — A Vine-
land correspondent says: "I have taken the
liberty to send you, by express (paid), a paper

package that contains a specimen of what may
perhaps be called the club-root in a greenhouse
tomato-plant ; the cause of which I would like to
ascertain, and I know of no one more likely to be
able to give information on such a subject or more
likely to be interested in its investigation than
yourself.

" We have raised winter tomatoes successfully
several years in our greenhouses, the only serious
difficulty we have had to contend with being mil-
dew. Last year there was some of the club-root
in the houses ; this year there is a great abundance
of it. Several queries have arisen in my mind in re-
lation to this disease, whether the excessive mil-
dew this year may have been the cause of the dis-
ease, or the disease the cause of the mildew ; or
. whether the disease may be owing to too much or
too little enriching, or to the kind of enriching ; or
whether the soil may not have been poisoned by
growing in it the same kind of plant several years
in succession ; or whether an insect may have had
something to do with it. The manure used has
been principally stable manure, but, perhaps, not
enough of it, or not sufficiently rotted. The soil
is naturally a sandy loam.

" We raise, in tlie same houses. Black Ham-
burgh grapes, the roots of which run below those
of the tomatoes.

" Any information as to the probable cause and
the possible remedy of the disease referred to will
be very thankfully received."

[The roots were knotted like strings of beads

about the size of peas. There is no relation to

club root, which is the work of a fungus. It is

the work of an insect, and they are indeed galls.

By cutting across the excresences, squeezing a

1 little, and examining with a pocket lens, a number

I of transparent eggs about the size of pin heads are

I seen to have emerged. These eggs have of course

to remain here till they hatch, become larvae and

enter the pupa stage. It ought not to be difficult

to destroy the whole race by taking out the roots

of the tomatoes carefully some time before the

' creatures leave them, and burn. It would also be

a benefit to remove as much earth as possible and

replace with fresh.

From this letter and a large number of others
I we have received during the past few years it is
surprising how many people try to get along with-
out a pocket lens. Gall insects that operate on
roots are very common, and in a large number of
cases sent to us, if people would only cut open
and examine, they would see the " cause " for
themselves.— Ed. G. M.l

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

"3

Forestry.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Silk Culture in France. — For some reason
silk culture has fallen off considerably in France.
The most remarkable feature of the decreased pro-
duct is that prices have also fallen with decreased
production. It would seem to show either, that
there is not the same demand for silk as there once
was, or else that the competition from other coun-
tries has driven the French from the world's
market.

Mahaleb Cherry as a Timber Tree. — The
Bullettino della R. Sec. Toscana di Orticultura
says this tree grows spontaneously on the calcar-
eous hills near Vienna, and is extensively cultiva-
ted in Austria, Bohemia and Hungary. It is much
valued for its timber, which has not only a pleas-
ing tint of color, but gives out a delicate and
agreeable odor.

Canada and the Timber Duties. — A Cana-
dian essay on the decrease of the forests of the
United States, is fairly blotted with the tears of the
author, over the impending ruin to our country
when the timber is all cut away. He thinks it
would be much more to the interests of the United
States to save their own forests, let the timber come
freely from Canada, and let that country become
the "dieary waste" from which the United States
will be happily safe. All this great blessing will
follow by the United States taking off the timber
duties. He innocently adds, (this part being in-
tended probably to bring out the Canadian shekels
in favor of free trade documents,) " should the re-
duction of duty be made the Canadian government
will be a great gainer if an additional tax be plac-
ed on the right to cut timber from the Government
lands."

Forestry in the Old World. — We are very
apt to wonder why it is that so much is done ignor-
antly in our country, when the old world gets the
best skill — the right men for the right places. But
the truth is they do no better than we. Mr. Grigor,
a noted authority on Scotch arboriculture, gives a
deplorable account of the losses through ignorance
of employees, as well as of owners. It is not long,
he says, before the. 49,000 acres, recently planted
in the New Forest, will be a worthless barren heath.

Intending to plant Norway spruce, another large
owner found he had the comparatively worthless
White spruce ; and another planter, for Scotch pine,
set out some hundreds of acres of the Dwarf Moun-
tain pine, Pinus pumilio, and no doubt wondered
why they did not start and grow. Trees natural
to moist soils are set out on dry ones, and dry-
ground trees are set in swamps and morasses. It
cannot be much worse than this in America.

Rain-Fall in England. — England is a moist
country through the atmosphere carrying so much
vapor, but the rain-fall is not remarkable ; it is
very irregular but never large. A correspondent
of the Gardeners' Magazine, at Reigate, gives the
fall in 1883, from January 1st to December ist.
30.40 inches; 1884, in same time, 19.49. This is
less than Philadelphia, which in an average of ten
years is about 41.00.

Preserving Railroad Ties. — It is at length
found that it is profitable to creosote railroad ties
in Europe, and large estabhshments for the pur-
pose of so preserving them are getting common.
In our country where we burn thousands' of acres
of timber annually, ties are yet too cheap to lead
railroad men to think of it.

Encouraging Forestry in Pennsylvania. —
The Editor of this magazine,. as an honorary mem-
ber of the State Board of Agriculture of Pennsyl-
vania, has continually pressed on that body the
folly of any legislation looking to the " Preserva-
tion of the old forests." They are but receptacles
of dead brush, and the great cause of our ternfic
forest fires. Old trees are not of much use as tim-
ber after they are a hundred years old ; in most
cases they are on the decline. The sooner the
ground is cleared of them and planted with new
material the better. The true forestry question
lies in the encouragement of new forests.

At length it seems some one has thought there is
something in it, and, to encourage new planting,
a bill has been introduced, and at this writing has
passed the Senate, establishing two nurseries in
the State to raise forest seedlings, and give the ■
plants away to those who will plant them " near
streams or the head waters of our rivers."

It seems mortifying that a good idea should be
rendered ridiculous in this way. Any nurseryman

114

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

could raise forest tree seedlings ninety per cent,
cheaper than any government can do it by nur-
series. Contracts would be gladly entered into
that would furnish the State with all they wanted
to distribute for but a tithe of what this State nur-
sery plan will cost, with its chief, its assistant
chiefs, clerks, superintendents, packers, and so
forth. It might be said that the Editor of this be-
ing a nurseryman will naturally be opposed to
this free gift scheme. Nothing of this sort. No
such scheme ever hurt a nurseryman, for the man
who looks to get things for nothing would never
buy. On the contrary, it will rather help the nur-
seryman's business, as the intelligent nurseryman
would beat the ignorance of the State officials
every time, and the better class of free recipients
would be the nurseryman's friend at last.

Not then from any trade prejudice, but from
utter disgust at these scandalous wastes of public
money, we enter our protests against them. We
shall get no more forestry planting under this free
gift plan, than we got tea orchards from the thou-
sands distributed by the United States government
a quarter of a century ago.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Rare Rocky Mountain Firs and Pines. —
An Illinois correspondent says : " How few peo-
ple know when they are well off. • A rare lover
o< coniferae ' on page 4, January number of the I
Monthly, says, ' If I were a nurseryman and I

twenty years younger, I would get up a good
stock of these two species of pine (P. flexilis and
P. Murryana), because 1 believe they will become
very popular when known.'

"It may be he would, but if he lives to be twenty
years older than he is now, his views would change
again. I invested in the first collections and was
doubly happy one day by the news of the capture
of Jefferson Davis and the first sight of my seed"
lings. Then I invested S60 more on the Rocky
Mountain seeds. It is now twenty years ago, and
I have not yet sold one tree of these species ; but
one of Pinus flexilis. Picea pungens, and P. Dou-
glassii are growing in public estimation."

CONIFER/E OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS " G.J.

B." writes : " I saw in the Monthly for January,
page 4, a few remarks in regard to the indigenous
evergreens of the Rocky Mountains. Being a
resident of Denver and greatly interested in the
cultivation of our Rocky Mountain coniferse, and
having fair success in transplanting them from
the mountains into the hot and dry atmosphere of
Denver, would feel obliged to ascertain from your
correspondent in what part of the Rockies he saw
those attractive pines."

[The coniferae within reach of our Denver cor-
respondent would be Pinus ponderosa, P. flexilis,
P. aristata, P. Banksiana, P. edulis, Abies Doug-
lasii, A. pungens, A. concolor, and the eastern
and western Red Cedars. Those named by our
correspondent had reference to the " Rocky Moun-
tains " several hundred miles south of Denver,
and would be best obtained through seeds from the
collectors. — Ed. G. M.]

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

SOIL ANALYSIS.
BY RUSTICUS.

I desire in this article to mention various exam-
ples of successful soil analyses, for the purpose of
showing their utihty. The logic of facts is irre-
futable. Very many samples of soils are forwarded
to the Department of Agriculture for analysis.
Among others one from Saint Mary's county,

Maryland. A water extract from this soil had acid
reaction ; it also gave decided reactions for sul-
phates and chlorides of iron, lime, magnesia, pot-
ash, soda. The extract amounted to 11.84 per
cent, of the original soil. The soil showed a large
amount of soluble iron salts. Even in small quan-
tities they are injurious to vegetation. In this soil
a free access of air was necessary, so that the
soluble salts of iron should become insoluble and
harmless. An analysis of peat muck from Louisi-
ana gave 38 per cent, organic matter, principally

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

"5

carbonaceous, constituting it an excellent absorb-
ent in composting stable manure. A sample of
decomposing rock — shale — from Wisconsin, sent
to the Department to ascertain its value as a fer-
tilizer, showed it to be deficient as a fertilizer. I
call special attention to the triumphant results of
analyses of the "poison soils " of Texas. In Dal-
las county they are extensive. G. W. Danover
writes : " .'\11 our soils for many miles in every
direction are of the same character, 'poison soils.' "
It exists in limited areas throughout the State, in
every variety of soil ; sometimes 50 acres of cot-
ton on one plantation dies from the poisonous
matters. Cotton, fruit trees and root vegetables
disclose its presence. Top root vegetation is most
liable to die. Trees die in one or two years. Root
vegetables and cotton die and rot just before fully
developing themselves. An ultimate analysis of
the soil sent gave no sulphuric acid, or any of the
sulphur compounds. Other details of the ana.-
lysis demonstrated that these " poison soils "
needed thorough underdrainage, to relieve the
subsoil from saturation and for the free circulation
of air ; then to be subsoiled to bring it more fully
under the influence of the air. A heavy dressing
of quick lime, deeply plowed in, to take up and
neutralize a large amount of humic acid, and so
relieve other elements of plant food, locked up as
insoluble humates. An application of gypsum
also, to furnish sulphuric acid, so indispensable as
a plant food. The money value of this analysis
would be difficult to estimate. Says Prof. Kedzie :
" In the early history of chemistry, analysis of cer-
tain barren soils revealed the cause of the barren-
ness in the sulphate of iron present. When this
was removed or decomposed by lime, the soil was
fruitful." In view of the triumphs of soil analysis
so far achieved, I think we can entirely assent to
the reasoning of Professor E. W. Hilgard, Univer-
sity of California : " If the agricultural chemist
can do nothing to help the farmer in these impor-
tant questions, his practical utility will be limited,
indeed." And how is he ever to be able to render
these services if he continues to ignore the chemi-
cal examination of the soils, upon the strength of
the " non-possumus" pronounced by some high
priests ? The claim of soil analysis to practical
utility has always been rested on the general sup-
position that, " other things being equal, produc-
tiveness is, or should be, sensibly proportioned to
the amount of available plant food within reach
of the roots during the period of plant's develop-
ment ; provided, of course, that such supply does
not exceed the maximum of that which the plant

can utilize, when the surplus simply remains in-
ert." I think we should not admit the power and
efficacy of analysis as applied to plants, animal
bodies and vegetation, and ignore it as to soils.

TORPID VEGETATION.

BY R. DOUGLAS.

The Gardeners' Monthly's article, " Can
Plants Sleep for Centuries ?" induces me to say a
word on the longevity of trees in a dormant state.

I packed a box of 1000 catalpa trees purposely
to test them. The trees were packed in dry moss,
box lined with strong paper, the box put in a dry
tool house during the summer, a board floor and
three windows in a room the size of the house,
16x18 leet with outside door. They were put in
this room to give them the most severe trial.
Eighteen months after they had been dug we took
out 25 trees and planted them ; they grew appar-
ently as well as any transplanted trees. Two
months later I sent a bunch of them to the Nur-
serymen's Convention in Chicago last summer,
when they had been up and dormant twenty
months, and apparently their vitality was intact.
Now why not you or some careful scientist bury
some dormant trees in a nice dry sandy loam
knoll, say 6 or 8 feet deep, where the ground
would have just sufficient moisture to keep them
from shrivelling and the earth compacted so that
water could not reach them, and examine them in
fifteen or twenty years ? When you will be about
my age, depend on it, you will be just as much in-
terested in experiments as you are now ; and es-
pecially, you should bury some seeds at the same
time ; they could not germinate at that depth, and I
do not think they would rot. Try it.

IVaukegan, Ills.

ECONOMIC USES IN NIGELLA DAMA-
SCENA.

BY G.

Le Maout and Decaisne record that in South
Germany and the Alps the seeds of Nigella are
used in flavoring bread. The same thing once
obtained in this country. My mother used to
flavor a certain kind of cakes for us children with
the seeds of N. damascena — that quaint old-time
flower called " ragged lady," " devil-in-a-bush," or
" love-in-a-mist." My recollection is that the
taste of the cakes was excellent. The Nigella,
however, belongs to an order which contains many
poisonous plants. I would not care to eat its seeds
very freely, even after baking.

ii6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

CLOSE UNION OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF

TREES.

BY DR. CHAS. W. GREENE.

Your recent notices of the apparent union of
trees of two widely different species recall the fact
noted by Seemann in his " History of the Palms"
(p. 105), that in India and Ceylon it is very com-
mon to see the trunk of a Banyan, or other Ficus.
from which there shoots out a Palmyra palm. It
is almost certain that the Ficus starts as an epiphyte
upon the Palmyra, and sends down its tendrils to
take root in the soil. In South Florida the same
thing happens with a native Ficus, the seeds of
which take root at first upon the bark of some
other tree, precisely as the Banyan takes root upon
the crown of the Palmyra. The Hindoos look
with great reverence upon this apparent union of
two trees of diverse habit.

I have occasionally in New England found a
currant bush growing in the fork of some great
chestnut or other tree, where dirt and decaying
bark afforded it a slender subsistence. One occa-
sionally finds a weed or brier growing in a decayed
knot on the trunk of a tree. Merchantville, N. J.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Weakened Vital Power Through Continu-
ous Forcing. — Mr. Charles Henderson makes a
good point in his essay on the carnation disease.
We all know how it was with the grape a quarter
of a century ago, when by the forcing process
grape vines were tossed into the market by the
million, with the result that nothing but the Con-
cord became " hardy enough," and scarcely that
one. Grape culture received a set back from
these weak vines that took many years to recover
from.

Immediate Influence OF Pollen on Fruit.
— At a recent meeting of the Academy of Natural
Sciences, Mr. Thomas Meehan directed attention
to an ear of Indian corn on the table, sent by Mr.
Burnett Landreth, which had nearly all one side
with brownish-red grain, the other side creamy
white, which was the normal color of the variety.
Usually the intermixture of colors which occasion-
ally occurred in an ear of corn, is attributed to cross-
fertilization. It is apparent that this could not be
the case in this instance. The whole solid block
is colored, and, at the edge of the colored mass,
only half a grain would be colored in some in-
stances. The coloring influence had evidently

spread from some central point quite independent
of any single grain, and had spread from grain to
grain through the receptacle, until the coloring
material was exhausted. In cross-fertilization,
from the entangled position of the silk-like pistils>
no such regularity of coloring in adjoining grains
could occur. On reflection we may understand
that at times color in corn must come from causes
independent of cross-fertilization, as the departure
in the first instance from one color, must be from
an innate power to vary in color, independently
of any pollenating influence.

The facts are interesting, as bearing on many
topics as yet not wholly solved. Much has been
said about the changes in nature being by slow
modifications through long ages, but we have fre-
quent instances of sudden leaps. There are no
gradations between the colors of these grains.
Again, -it is in dispute how far cross-fertilization
influences the seed. Generally no immediate in-
fluence is conceded, we have to wait till the seed
grows, and we can examine the new plant to as-
certain the potency of the several parents. So far
corn has been the chief and almost the only evi-
dence that the seed or its surroundings are imme-
diately affected ; but recently statements have
been made that the receptacle in the strawberry —
what we know in everyday life as the strawberry
— is similarly influenced. There are some varie-
ties wholly pistillate, and it is claimed that when
pollen is applied from other varieties, the resultant
fruit is that of the male parent. It is of great
practical importance that such a question should
be decided by undoubted facts. Experience in
other directions does not confirm these views.
The Mitchella repens is really a dioecious plant.
Many years ago he found one plant with white
berries, and removed some portion to his own
grounds, where, isolated from others, it produces
no fruit. In its native location it bears white ber-
ries freely, though the pollen is from the original
scarlet berried forms. Mr. Jackson Dawson had
given him a similar case on Prof Sargent's grounds,
where a white berried Prinos verticillatus is pro-
duced, though it must have pollen from the origi-
nal red berried form. Other illustrations were re-
ferred to.

To those who looked for regularity of rule in
these cases, and in the light of the specimen of
corn before the meeting, there might be a doubt
whether the variation in corn often attributed to
cross-fertilization, may not after all have resulted
from an innate power to vary. It did not really
follow that the rule should be uniform, for those

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

117

who had experience in hybridizing knew how
variable were the results, even from the seed of a
single flower. Parkman had obtained in lilies
seedlings so exactly like the female parent, that
only for the remarkable form from the same seed
vessel known as Lilium Parkmani, it might have
been doubted if some mistake as to the use of for-
eign pollen had not been made. If so little influ-
ence could occasionally be found at a remote end
of the line, we may reasonably look for an imme-
diate influence at the nearer end in some excep-
tional cases. But there appeared to be no care-
fully conducted experiments on corn recorded
anywhere, though the belief in the immediate in-
fluence of strange pollen is a reasonable one, so
far as general observation goes. It seemed, how-
ever, to him, with the specimen of innate variation
in corn before us, more careful experiments with
corn and other things are desirable.

Flowering of Brownea grandiceps. — Peo-
ple go in crowds to see the Victoria lily, and it is
a flower well worthy of a rush to see ; but a much
rarer beauty is the Brownea grandiceps, which at
this writing (March 9) is showing flower buds in
the Fairmount Park conservatory, Philadelphia.
Those who want to see a rare and beautiful flower
should not miss the opportunity to see it. It is of
the pea-shaped or leguminose lamily, crimson we
believe, with bunches similar to a Wistaria.

Influence of the Graft on the Stock. —
Among the strongest arguments in favor of the idea
that the graft has an influence on the stock is the
experienceof nurserymen with apple trees. It is well
known that nurserymen can tell a variety by the
root. A row of Maiden Blush apples when dug up,
presents a very different appearance to a row of
Fallawater roots. It was supposed that the graft
gave its own character to the root on which it was
grafted, and this has been accepted as an undoubted
fact. Now comes Mr. Eli Meech, of Shiloh, New
Jersey, and tells the Farmer and Gardener that the
reason for the difference in the roots is that the grafts
send out roots of their own. Now we confess that
this is much more reasonable than the older guess;
and until we get more evidence are inclined to
believe that Mr. Meech has the best of the argu-
ment.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Yellow Berried Myrtle Holly. — A Wil-
mington, N. C, correspondent says; "I send
you by this mail a fruiting specimen of Ilex myrti-

folia with yellow berries. The small tree I have
removed to my yard to be able to examine it in
flower. All the berries on the tree are yellow, and
there is no evidence of red berries except around
a few small insect wounds I saw on two or three
of them. I thought you would be interested in
the first find of a yellow holly."

[This is the first instance of yellow berries we
have had before us of a yellow berried form, in
this pretty species of holly. The English holly
has yellow berried varieties. — Ed. G. M.]

Heteromeles arbutifolia. — "Miss Helen
C," Benardo, San Diego co., CaL, writes : " With
this I mail you a bunch of berries that I picked
from one of the many bushes that cover the hills
here, and wish you would tell me through the Gar-
deners' Monthly what it is."

[This may be called an evergreen Hawthorn,
and was known to the old botanists as Crataegus
arbutifolia — the last name from the leaves resem-
bling the strawberry tree, or Arbutus Unedo of
English gardens. It has also been called Photinia
arbutifolia. The name now in use by botanists is
Heteromeles arbutifolia. The native name of the
California Indians is Tollon. On a journey
from Mariposa to Calaveras the fragrance of the
white flowers reminded the writer of the sweet
Hawthorn hedges of the Old Worid Ed. G. M.]

Cypripedium insigne with Two Flowers.-^-
Mr. John F. Clark, Maud P. C, Pa., sends us a
specimen of this orchid with two flowers. They are
not twins, but the plant, usually with one flower,
has attempted to make a spike. It will be very
interesting to botanists as showing that the one-
flowered orchids were designed to be spicate, but
by some law of arrested development, have not
the power in these days to do so. They may in
the future, or have had the power in the past.

A Large Puff Ball This fungus grows to

an enormous size sometimes — that is, the species
known as Lycoperdon giganteum. Prof. R. C.
Call found one in 1877 in Herkimer county. New
York, 5 feet 4 inches across in its largest diameter.
As stated in the Gardeners' Monthly some
years ago, when taken young, cut into slices and
fried in butter with a little pepper and salt, the
puff ball is one of the most delicious vegetables
known.

Diseased Roses. — " F. G. K.," Ottawa, Ills.:
Your rose roots are covered with the galls of the
root aphis. The branches injured no doubt
suffer from the weakened vital power through the
trouble at the roots.

ii8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

liTERATUM, Travels and Personal Notes,

COMMUNICATIONS.

REMINISCENSES OF CHARLES DOWNING.

BY CHAS. W. MURTFELDT.

Among the noteworthy incidents in the life of
Chas. Downing is the fact, that, to the last, Down-
ing's fruit book is credited to the authorship of
A. J. Downing, who died over forty years ago, by
the burning of the Hudson river steamboat near
Tarrytown ; thus showing the very modest, unas-
suming and unpretentious character of the great
horticulturist — his brother.

I am proud that he called me his friend, and
number among the pleasantest hours of my life
those spent at his home in Newburgh as a visitor.
On one occasion he invited me to visit with him
his former experimental orchard, at that time
owned by Mr. Alfred Bridgeman, a prominent
seedsman of New York, who, to his honor be
it here recorded, had given him the privilege to
still carry on his experiments and to treat the
fruit as if it were all his own. One of the pictures
taken of Mr. Chas. Downing (I think for the
Rural New Yorker but am not certain) represents
him in the orchard with a small splint basket on
his arm, selecting specimens. This identical bas-
ket he took and we sallied forth. We entered his
former place and had gone through five or six
rows of the pear orchard — every tree bearing from
four to six varieties — it was in September, when
Mr. D. stopped before a tree and bade me scrut-
inize two branches, both bearing, to observe the
color of the bark, size and color of leaves and two
fine pears. " I discover no difference," said I.
" Neither do I," was his answer. Continuing, he
said, " this pays me for my visit to-day. This

scion was sent me by Mr. in i8 — under

such a name, and this I received from Mr.

under such a name." Making a note in his

memorandum book and marking the pears with
pencil, he said, referring to the names : " This is
the true name, and this is a synonym." Well
may the Editor of the Gardeners' Monthly ex-
claim, " Who shall now classify and identify our
fruits!" And I will add, who now can take up the
work where he laid it down ? Such men as Chas.
Downing are rare and seldom found.

Mr. Downing used his back parlor for an office ;
he worked at a flat desk which had drawers on
each side full of memoranda. Horticultural au-
thorities, such as Warder, Thomas, Hovey and
others, and his own work, were evet within reach.
Quantities of fruit were brought by every express
train. After breakfast packages were opened and
letters read ; the fruit assorted and examined ;
then a fair medium — if more than one was received
from the same source — specimen was cut into two
sections, one of which was dried on a blotter and
fully described, outline taken, size of core and
number of seeds noticed (in apples and pears),
length of stem, calix, depth of basin, color and
general character described, and in the meantime
I the other section was frequently tasted and finally
all compared with the descriptions of several au-
thors as well as of his own. If needful, other
j memoranda were made, and published with list of
new fruits in his supplements and additions to his
book. Thus the whole morning was devoted to
the examination of fruits. In this careful and
deliberate way was his work perfected, and we
who remain enjoy the benefits of his thorough and
patient labors. To my mind the last twenty years
of his life before the accident were the most pleas-
ant and ideal of any man I ever knew.

On one occasion when 1 was with him he had
just received the fruit catalogue of a distinguished
I German nursery firm. Mr. D. was not versed in
' the German language and requested me to trans-
late for him some parts of the pamphlet. It was
a great pleasure for me to do this, because I thus
learned of his astonishing memory and ability to
identify fruits. Before 1 could fully translate
descriptions of fruits he would give the proper
name in English and finish the description, and
thus with thousands of varieties of apples, pears,
cherries, etc. I expressed my surprise that he
could remember so many names and the general
character of so great varieties. " Yes," said Mr.
D., "It is surprising to myself, but with the name
comes up the fruit as in a picture or a photo ;
they are all engraved on my mind." Only long
and patient study and an enthusiasm like his own
could ever accomplish such results.

When Miss Waite married the subject of these
lines, an intimate friend of hers said : " You had

I88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

119

better take good care of ' Charley ' for you will
not keep him over two years," so slender and deli-
cate was his physique and precarious his health.
She nobly redeemed her promise, and so fully did
she appreciate his worth and amiability and such
good care did she take of her " Charley " that
(had her own health permitted at the time) they
could and would have celebrated their golden
wedding several years ago, and I was promised
an invitation and assured of a hearty welcome.
At its anniversary Mrs. Downing was suffering
intensely from cancer on the stomach, which ter-
minated her life a few months later.

I have reason to believe that all the citizens of
Newburgh fully appreciated his intrinsic worth
and high character. In the city directory one
may read: "Charles Downing, gentleman." I
believe his was the only name so honored. He
was indeed a gentle man. Peace to his ashes.

Kirkwood, Mo., Feb. igth, 1885.

LADIES' TRESSES OR TRACES.
BY W. R. GERARD.

In a recent number of the Gardeners' Month-
ly, the Editor, in reply to a query from a reader,
explains the name " Ladies' Traces" as being due
to the fancied resemblance of the twisted spikes
of the plants to which it is applied, to the silken
cords called "traces," used in olden times to lace
up dresses. I am inclined to think the Editor is
wrong. I can find no authority for such use of the
word. Trace, as a synonym for lace [a cord. Ed.
G. M.] would be as inelegant as "gallusses" for
suspenders. "Lady's" or "Ladies' Tresses" is a
very modern plant-name, and was invented, pro-
bably, as a supposed correction of " Lady's Traces,"
the old and correct name of the plant. When 1 say
the plant, I mean the species to which the name
was originally applied, Spiranthes autumnalis.
Rich. "Lady's Traces" is an abbreviation of "Our
Lady's Traces," just as " Lady's Slipper" is an ab-
breviation of " Our Lady's Slipper," the reference
being to the Virgin Mary. I can see but one
meaning to the name "Our Lady's Traces:" it is
undoubtedly due to an old, and now forgotten, le-
gend which ascribed the origin of the plant to the
" traces" or " footprints " of the Virgin.

[Not perhaps lace, but "rope" or "cord," and
the word is yet used for the ropes, cords or straps
that enter into draught harness. Tracing or truss-
ing was synonymous with cording up or lacing, by
the peasantry among whom the writer of this was
educated in the Old World. The part of the

country in which that was located had been cut
off for centuries with much intercourse with the
more progressive portions, and words dropped for
a hundred years elsewhere were still common
there. By a note in Sir Walter Scott's Monastery,
chapter 14, it would seem to have been in as com-
mon use in the north of England as in the extreme
south. " I will," answered Father Eustace, " but I
hear the gull clamorous for some one to truss his
points." (Note. — "The points were the ends of the
strings of cord or ribands, so-called because
pointed with metal like the laces of women's
stays which attached the doublet to the hose.
They were very numerous and required assistance
; to tie them properly, which was called truss-

ling-")

Aside from all this. Ladies' Traces is the early
name. So far as we know, it was changed first
by Dr. Curtis, a writer about a hundred years ago,
simply because he did not know what traces were.
Because he did not know, he guessed it to be tresses.
Moreover, there is nothing in the flower of a
Spiranthes to suggest a tress ; for, if we understand
the word, hair when done up in the cord-like twist
that this flower presents, would be anything but a
"tress." Our correspondent's reference to traces
or foot-prints, may have been due to some forgot-
ten legend in which the Virgin Mary had a place;
but, there is nothing whatever in the flower its-
self to suggest any such an application. Is there
such a legend ?

It seems better to stick to the original word as
handed down to us — :trace — and leave to the acci-
dental stumbling of some explorer in old hterature
for the true meaning of it.

Our sole object is, to protest against the modem
change of traces to tresses, and to show that there
is quite as good reason, if not better, for the original
orthography than for the modern change. In this
at least Mr. Gerard agrees with us. — Ed. G. M.]

LADIES AND HORTICULTURE.
BY N. ROBERTSON.

Any one holding a public position, where flow-
ers are grown, will soon find out that ladies not
only love flowers but take great interest in their
culture. If we look at the humblest cottage win-
dow we are almost sure to see plants therein. A
flower-pot may be something the poorer cannot
reach, and so a box or broken dish takes its place ;
yet they would not consider their house complete
without the plants. It often happens that ladies
call on me for advice ; and they are always ready

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

^ [April.

to receive it in a good spirit, even when against
what they think is right ; and they are ever ready
to give their neighbors the advantage of what they
have learned. A lady came to me about a Cactus,
which she could never get to flower ; but before
she could get a chance to speak to me on the sub-
ject, she had been telling another what her trouble
was. " I have one, and it blooms every year most
profusely," said this lady, "and I will tell you how
I treat it : In the fall of the year, when I take in
my plants, I put my Cactus up in the garret, where
frost cannot reach it, and give it no water, unless
it shrivels up very much. In early spring, I take
it down and clean it, put it in a sunny window,
water it, and very soon I see the flowers starting."
I had overheard what was passing, and when she
came to me I told her just to' go and do as her
'friend had advised her, and, no doubt, the same
results would follow.

There are three principal errors that I have found
ladies fall into with their plants ; all connected
with watering, and these are, the giving of too much
water, too little of it, and watering freely when
plants are sick. A healthy plant needs abundance
of water, but it must drain away quickly. There
are but few plants that will live in health with stag-
nant water at their roots. When you see your
plants not growing fast, diminish the quantity of
water, especially if they show signs of sickness.
The reverse is the course generally adopted. Re-
member that plants will become exhausted by
over-exertion, just as a person will. You must
give them a time of rest, or nature will become
worn out, and disease will follow.

Ladies love plants much more than gentlemen
do. If you watch a lady and a gentleman go
through a collection of plants, you will observe the
lady to be the more inquiring of the two. She ad-
mires and smells the flowers and asks many
questions as she moves along. But the gentleman
passes along, casting only a partial glance, asking
but few questions, unless he happens to have stud-
ied their culture, or in some way has made himself
familiar with them. I have often told ladies, when
I saw this occur, that if they want time to examine
plants they had better leave the gentlemen at home,
for they, as a general thing, will not give them
time to do so.

It has always seemed to me that ladies were
naturally better adapted than men to care for the
more beautiful portions of nature's work. Some
time ago I was shown a floral wreath, for which I
had given the flowers. It was made by a young
lady to decorate the remains of a departed school

mate. Her hand was untutored to such work, yet,
I must say, there was a natural beauty and deh.
cacy in its arrangement that the rougher hand of
man could hardly give ; points of excellence were
there that more expert and practical hands often
fail to reach.

There is a saying, " Show me a person that
loves flowers and I will show you one that has a
warm heart gushing forth joy and pleasure to all
around. It may be hid under a rough exterior but
like the flinty rock when broken open has gems
within that sparkle and dazzle the eyes." I wonder
if it is true ! I think it is, though, perhaps, the rock
is not always struck hard enough to show its
treasures. Supt. Gov't Grounds, Canada.

BULB COLLECTING.

BY J. H. KRELAAGE.

In your paper of February (pages 61-62) you
give a very interesting correspondence about pro-
fits of plant and seed collecting; and although I
agree totally with your reply, as the principal ob-
ject of the correspondence is a bulbous plant, I
thought it might be of some use to give my opinion
on bulb collecting, especially as there are made
many mistakes in that way. My firm has im-
ported from foreign correspondents or collectors
bulbs for more than half a century, and by experi-
ence 1 can state there is a great difference as to the
value of such importations.

As a general rule (there are exceptions without
doubt) it may be said that the value of bulbs col-
lected in a wild state is inferior to that of those
which have been cultivated already, and when
cultivated it depends upon how this has been
done. As for example for Narcissus, the way we
cultivate them here in Holland in a soil perfectly
adapted for this speciality, preparing the ground
with much care, and taking up bulbs every year
and rfeplanting them as soon as possible, we get
the finest and largest bulbs lor the trade there ex-
ists, and such as usually are not supplied any-
where else so fine. Amateurs like to have their
Narcissus in the same spot for more than one year
to enjoy a finer flowering, and they are quite right.
But when such plants are taken up after some
years the bulbs are, if not all, at least for the
greater part, misformcd, and although very easy
to multiply, totally unfit for a first-rate trade
for other purposes. If Narcissus are taken up
from the field or wilderness there is another incon-
venience besides ; one never is certain if these
will come to bloom the first year, as generally

I88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

121

the difference of location has such an influence as to
prevent the flowering, and then at last sometimes
several years before the bulbs have reestablished
themselves, so as to become adapted to the new
mode of cultivation, and in consequence to flower
regularly every year, especially some sorts of the
Majus acantse section or the ajax have this par-
ticularity. Your correspondent can conclude from
this that if in retail there IS charged 25 cents per
bulb, it may be necessary to give a very much
inferior wholesale price for introduced ones. To
conclude about Narcissus, the sort your corres-
pondent names must be the Bulbocodium of the

section (the Hoop Petticoat narciss),but

it is very doubtful that it should be that sort, as
Bulbocodium always gives a small bulb. If your
correspondent will send us a few bulbs, as sample,
we shall plant them and try to bring them in
bloom and say what it is, after having flowered
them.

The bulb of Sulphur Trumpet is much larger.
This is quite a different variety, belonging to the
Ajax section. There is a very small chance for it
to be this sulphur colored variety. True, if it was,
it would be of some value, as the true Sulphur
Trumpet is scarce at present. As for Bulbocodium
there is quite a sufficient stock of it in cultivation
in Europe at different stations at this moment to
secure a moderate wholesale price, and therefore
if a certain quantity is to be sold extra this can
only be done at a figure much beneath the usual
price, as people always prefer to buy what they
know to that of which they have no experience,
and only a very cheap price can induce them to
part from this rule.

Collectors often suppose that all of the bulbs
of this or that sort which they send us are
salable at a good price. Leading firms are often
willing to give a good price if good things are
offered, especially new or rare ones in a quantity
in proportion to the number salable, and if they
are certain that the same article is not in every
one's hand or is not thrown on the auction mar-
ket a few weeks after they have bought it. This
is done too frequently, and the consequence is
that people are not so much inclined to buy the
first offered importation of bulbs as they perhaps
were in former times.

There is in the bulb trade a number of anicles
which are salable in enormous masses, because
they are generally known and are favorites for
forcing purposes, for bouquets, etc., but it is
usually a long time before such things, when new,
become popular and salable in such masses. For

this purpose better prices are had after their good
properties are more and more known. At present
Hyacinthus candicans has a general popularity,
and every year hundred thousands of bulbs find
their destination. When it was first published
in the " Refugium Botanicum Tonnares," in 1870,
it remained several years unobserved and un-
known. Our firm was one of those who pushed
it, but it required much trouble to bring it to
the well deserved popularity of the present mo-
ment. It was introduced in small numbers, and
the sale could be brought in proportion to the
multiplication. If in 1870 a large number had
been introduced at once, it is very doubtful if it
would have become' such a favorite.

There is in bulbs, too, a maximum trade price
possible, and when the wholesale quotation sur-
passes that figure the sale goes back and this has
a bad influence for the future trade in such an ar-
ticle. The common single Due Van Tholl Tulip
is used in Germany very much for forcing, and
three bulbs in a pot can fetch there a price of six
American cents ; for such a price enormous lots
can be sold inbloomearly in autumn and at Christ-
mas. Now the Dutch wholesale price for the dry
bulbs some years ago has been for a long period two
dollars a hundred and more, to make profit with
bulbs bought at that rate a pot with three bulbs
had to be sold at least at twelve American cents,
a price much too high in comparison to that of
other flowers, ready at the same period ; the con-
sequence was that the demand of this article was
more and more reduced. At present the wholesale
price is much lower than before, and such as to
come to the old figure, which would permit a very
large sale ; but now the demand has not increased
in the same proportion. The forcing of the Van
Tholl is not so much practiced as before, other
varieties of tulips having partially taken its place,
among these the scarlet Due Van Tholl, not-
withstanding the common Van Tholl, is always
the best for very early forcing.

From such examples it results that buyers of
imported bulbs, either gathered in the wild or
cultivated, can only buy a certain number at a
certain price. In proportion as the number of-
fered exceeds the immediate want, the price to
be paid must be lower, to make up by the differ-
ence the loss of interest occasioned by a longer
period of sale becoming necessary, or the culti-
vation covering some years; or if buyer wishes to
sell all within a short period, to pay extraordinary
costs necessary for advertising and publishing to
push the article. Then some articles of which the

122

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

usual trade furnishes a sufficient stock, are not
really totally unsalable. For a great number of
bulbs, not generally known, and not employed for
some special purpose, there is only place for a re-
stricted number to supply the amateur and some
growers who keep collections. These remarks
naturally do not concern a local trade, they have
only relation to the position of the trade of bulb
collectors on the world's market.

A great inconvenience arises when collectors
send bulbs without, or with wrong names. In
such cases the value of the bulbs is much in-
ferior as to what it would have been otherwise.
Received without a correct name, the article first
must be cultivated, and is not salable before it
has flowered and the name has been ascertained.
Great error occurs from sending under false
names, so large numbers of the fine but totally
different Sprekelia glauca were some years ago
sent as Amaryllis formossissima to the great dis-
appointment of those who received them.

The best plan for collectors is to correspond
with one or only a very few leading firms, and
before sending out any thing, first to inquire what is
salable and in what numbers. In every doubtful
case it is advisable to send first a small quantity
as sample, that the expected buyer may see and
if necessary study this, and then if the offer is
accepted for later consignments a fair price can be
paid. Haarlem, Holland.

ORIGIN OF THE NAME PERSIMMON.
BV MAJOR JED. HOTCHKISS.

I see by the " Persimmon " item, on page 94 of
your capital March number of the Gardeners'
Monthly, that you have not at hand the " Works
of Captain John Smith," especially the elegant
and scholarly edition that Prof. Edward Arber,
Birmingham, England, has recently published.
The following extracts record what he had to say
about persimmons in 1607-9.

In hischapter "Of such things which are naturall
in Virginia and how they use them," Captain Smith
says : " Plumbs there are of 3 sorts. The red and |
white are like our hedge plumbs ; but the other, I
which they call Putchamins, grow as high as a \
Palmeta. The fruit is like a medler ; it is first
greene, then yellow, and red when it is ripe ; if it 1
be not ripe it will drawe a man's mouth awrie with
much torment; but when it is ripe, it is as delici-
ous as an Apricock.

"The fruit like medlers, they call Putchamins,
they cast uppon hurdles on a mat, and preserve

them as pruines." Arber's Works of Captain John
Smith, page 57.

This fruit, as you know, is highly esteemed in
Virginia, so we are interested in whatever is said
of it. You have in the above the origin of the
name, I suppose. The present form is one that
can be readily evoluted from Putchamin.

Staunton, Va.

[It would be very interesting to know the mean-
ing of the Indian word. Persimmon. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

M. Carriere. — We have already noted the
government honor conferred on this distinguished
French horticulturist ; some additional notes con-
cerning him are given by a correspondent of the
Garden :

" Those who are acquainted with the able chie'
editor of the Revue Horticole, or with his works
will be pleased to learn that the French Govern-
ment has conferred upon him the Cross of the
Legion of Honor. Probably no horticulturist liv-
ing better deserves this compliment than M. Car-
riere, who has ever been noted for remarkable ac-
tivity, great practical knowledge, and the art of
imparting the same in clear and concise language.
For many years in charge of the outdoor depart-
ment of the Paris Botanical Gardens, he possesses
an intimate knowledge of hardy plants of all
kinds, their capabilities and propagation. Besides
constantly contributing valuable articles to the
French gardening papers, M. Carriere has written
a number of works, some of which are highly es-
teemed. The most important are the ' Propaga-
tor's Guide,' illustrated, which is considered the
best work of that kind in the French language ; a
' General Treatise on Conifers,' ' Encyclopaedia
of Gardening' (' Encyclop(5di6 Horticole'), and
' Obtaining and Fixing Varieties of Vegetables."
M. Carriere's last work just issued is called 'Orna-
mental Fruit trees,' and is a small illustrated
volume of 175 pages, containing all necessary in-
formation concerning those small fruited apples
which are only useful from an ornamental point
of view. In France these ornamental apples are
more planted than with us."

Tewin — not " Lucien," is the name of the Hert-
fordshire town noted by Mr. Wooding in our last.

Knowledge of Every-day Things — Nothing
is more common than to find people of remark-
able education, utterly helpless in the every-day
affairs of life. They are really the most ignorant
of human beings. We can therefore sympathise
with the author of the following lines ; simply
premising that from our experience of human life,
some female lampooner could hit the male sinner
a great deal harder, only for the charity which

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

123

they, good creatures, throw around the failings

of men :

" She had views on co-education

And the principal needs of the nation ;

And her glasses were blue, and the numbers she

knew
Of the stars in each high constellation.
And she wrote in a hand-writing clerky,
And she talked with an emphasis jerky ;
And she painted on tiles, in the sweetest of styles.
But she didn't know chicken from turkey."

James Ritchie. — The few still remaining of the
older race of florists in the United States will learn
with great regret of the death of James Ritchie,
which occurred March i ith, from suffocation with
coal gas, coming from the heater through the regis-
ter. He had reached his 77th year, and was still
hale and hearty, having been but a short time be-
fore with the writer in the City Council Chamber,
in which he also had served six years.

He came to America in early life from Scotland,
and after a short time in Philadelphia, he started in
partnership with Mr. John Dick (who had married
his sister), in the florist business at Kensington,
when in his 28th year. The firm of Ritchie & Dick
was a very successful one, and in some articles,
especially in camellias, roses, and azaleas, obtained
a reputation all over the world. About twenty-five
years ago, having a competency that satisfied him,
while his partner was still anxious to push things,
the firm dissolved, taking the unique and friendly
way of dividing the plants into two lots of as nearly
equal value as possible, by one taking- what be
thought the best plant, the other the next best, and
so on till the whole was divided. Mr. Dick estab-
lished himself in Kingsessing ; Mr. Ritchie contin-
uing in Kensington, but confining himself to little
more than cut flowers. In this he may be said to
have been one of the leading pioneers in a trade
that has since reached enormous dimensions in
Philadelphia. His work was so tasteful as to be
always in demand. He was among the leading
members of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society
in its palmy days, and continued his interest
through all its days of trouble and disaster, down
to the day of his death. He was one of the original
contributors to the fund for building the famous
Horticultural Hall.

The first articles that appeared in our magazine
on steam heating, were from his pen, and much
of the wonderful progress made in this department
is the result of the interest his papers excited.

New Book on Gardening in the South S.

W. Peek, of the Hartwell Nurseries, in Georgia,
will soon issue a work entitled, " The Nursery and

Orchard." It will be of 200 pages, and illus-
trated.

How John's Wife Made Money at Home. —
Published by Hunter M'Calloch, 1828 Reed St.,
Philada.

This is full of very good suggestions about bee-
keeping, silkworms, canaries, one cow, and chick-
ens. It is a pamphlet of 80 pages, and will be
well worth its cost to those interested. It is, per-
haps, all a matter of taste, but the effort to make
one believe that John's wife wrote it is a miserable
failure. It is another case of the old Adam putting
up a job on Eve. One can, however, excuse
this for the sake of John's good suggestions.

Corn and Potato Manual. — ByJ.C. Vaughan,
Chicago.

The tables of the Gardeners' Monthly fairly
groan with trade catalogues which we are repeat-
edly asked to notice. There is rarely one that
has not some commendable feature, and we can-
not notice one without taking in nearly all. A
magazine like ours has no room for this, and
hence catalogues cannot be noticed in our read-
ing pages. But it is often very difficult to decide
as to what is a mere catalogue, for some of them
give information equal to that which the most
valuable library book could give ; and just such a
case is this before us, though it is essentially a
catalogue intended to help the trade of the author.
It is brim full of information which in its treat-
ment at least, has a fair claim to be repeated as
original. We give the following specilhen from
the chapter on Indian corn :

"It is not the age, but the birth-place of Indian
corn that is in dispute. All authorities agree as
to its antiquity. Those who claim America for its
origin tell of its being found in tombs and ruins
of South America, in caves of Arizona, and
mounds of Utah. Darwin, in his 'Voyage of a
Naturalist,' mentions a head of a stalk found im-
bedded in a shell and sea-drift eighty-five feet
above the surface of the sea. The 111. Hort. Soc.
Trans., 1876, contain the statement of a Mr. Spitz,
that he came upon petrified stalks and cars of corn,
perfect in appearance, while working a stone
quarry, near La Prairie, Adams Co., 111. The
Smithsonian Institute has an irregular, 13-rowed
ear of corn found in an earthen vessel eleven feet
under ground, in the tomb of a mummy, near
Ariquipi, Peru.

" Those who claim Asia for its origin point to the
representation of the plant found in an ancient
Chinese book in the Royal Library in Paris, and
tell of the grain being found in cellars of ancient
houses in Athens. Rifaud speaks of finding the
grain and ear of maize within the tomb of a
mummy at Thebes, in 1819. A few like Corbett
claim it to be the corn of Scripture. It is in-

.124

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

teresting to note the apt quotations he malces to
prove his theory. Here are a few of them : Mark
2 : 23, 'And it came to pass that He went through
the cornfields on the Sabbath day; and His dis- 1
ciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears of <
corn.' Leviticus 2 : 14, 'And if thou offer a meat
offering of thy first fruits unto the Lord, thou shalt I
offer the meat offering of thy first fruits, green
ears of corn dried by fire, even corn beaten out of
full ears.' Leviticus 23 : 14 — 'And ye shall eat
neither bread nor parched corn, nor green ears
until the self same day that ye have brought an
offering unto your God.' Gen. 41 : 5, — concern-
ing Pharaoh's second dream — 'And he slept and
dreamed the second time; and behold, seven ears
•of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good.'
Job 24: 24, says the wicked are 'cut off as the tops
of the ears of corn.'

" It is a general truth that those plants which
have many varieties and a wide range as to soil
and climate have been grown for ages. For ex-
ample : the pea and the bean, wheat and oats, the
rose and the lily, the apple and the pear, etc., etc.
Now, Indian corn in this fact can establish a great
age, for its varieties need only end with the skill
and the patience of the cultivator, while its range
in America is from 40 S. Latitude to 54 N. Latitude;
in Europe, over its central and southern portions ;
and in Asia, over limited areas of India, China
and Japan.

"It is not certain that Indian Corn has ever
been found in its wild state, though we have a
variety called ' wild corn,' in which each kernel is
•covered with a husk. The U. S. Patent Office
Report for 1853 has a cut of it, and says it is to be
found growing ' in the Rocky Mountains of North
America down to the humid forests of Paraguay-'
We have the rather doubtful authority of native
Indians of Paraguay that it has been found grow-
ing wild in their forests. The seed of this wild
species will grow the common and husked varieties,
which would seem to prove it not the primitive
type, but a variety escaped from cultivation.

" An unimpeachable history of Indian Corn can
never be written, as the subject is full of counter-
facts, contradictions and speculations. Learned
authorities, both early and late, have differed as to
'its origin, some claiming it a native of Asia, others
of America. •

" Bock, in 1532, forty years after the discovery
of America, and Ruellius, in 1536 ascribe to it an
Arabian origin. Fuchsius, in 1542, mentions its
introduction into Greece from Asia. Bonalous, in
1836, calls attention to the assertion of certain
Spanish authors that corn came to Spain from
Arabia, though he himself believes the plant a na-
tive of China. He speaks of an illustrated work
on maize written by a Chinese botanist, Li-chi-tchin,
in 1552, which seems to have had great weight with
him in his decision on this question. A map of
the 13th century, called ' Chart of Incisa,' describes
'mcliga'asa 'grain of golden color and partly
white.' In 1204, the Crusaders are said to have
brought a few of these grains from .-Xsia Minor into
Italy ; and in 1250 the Italian Crescenzio describes
its methods of culture, which strikingly coincide
with our methods of culture of corn.

" An argument of considerable weight is de-
duced from the general statement of botanists, that
plants of one family mainly inhabit a common
locality. Wheat, rye, oats, barley, millet, Indian
rice, sorgum — all the allied family of corn are of
Eastern nativity. Now, suppose a Western origin
for corn is admitted, then it is separated from its
kindred. If of Eastern origin, then how came it
here, can only be answered by inference. There
are marks and relics of an ancient civilization scat-
tered here and there over our land — a civilization
beyond any found here at the time of America's
discovery in 1492. That it came from the East
over a Northwestern highway, connecting Asia
and America many scholars believe. Admitting
this, we can easily see that the migrating nations
might bring with them many seeds and plants, and
among them Indian Corn.

" The Fair God of the Mexicans, a God of peace
and peaceful arts, is supposed to have been a Cau-
casian brought by some untoward wind or wave
upon these Western shores. There is a tradition
that when he lived on earth an ear of corn was as
much as a man could carry. Putting this tradi-
tion with the fact that corn is so involved in their
religion and religious rites, it is easy to surmise
that the same wave that brought their God brought
their seed likewise. Frail craft have been driven
over the wide ocean and have made a safe landing
on these shores several times within the past cen-
tury.

" Many modern authorities, as added proof of
an Eastern origin for corn, point to the grain
found at Athens, and at Thebes. Rifaud called
this grain 'Maize.' Virey calls it 'Sorghum Bi-
color,' a native of the East ; Delile says, of Egypt.

"There is a long list of weighty authorities ar-
rayed on the side of its American origin. Dodon-
ius in 1583, Gerarde in 1597, Matthioli in 1645,
wrote of Its introduction into Europe from America.
Thomas Nuttall and De Candolle assign it to
a South American origin. Humboldt, Darwin and
Flint maintain its home is this side of the ocean.
They deny that 'meliga' mentioned on the Chart
of Incisa is the species 'Zea Mays.' They claim
no treatise on corn was ever written prior to the
discovery of America, that since the Portuguese
had discovered Java as early as 1495. fifty-five
years gave ample time to introduce it thence into
China. They make much of the fact that no
traveler in Asia or Africa, though he describes
minutely the products of the soil, ever makes
mention of this most important one. Again, that
it seems strange beyond belief that if known at
all it was not in common cultivation, since it
spread so rapidly upon its introduction from
America. On the other hand, in .America it was
found from Chili to Montreal, and as far West as
the discoverer penetrated the ' native wilds.' Co-
lumbus found it on the Island of Cuba; Cortez
found it in Mexico; Pizarro found it in Peru, the
Puritans found it in New England; the James Ri-
ver colonists found it in Virginia ; Cartier found it
in Canada, and Marquette, in 1673, found it in
Illinois.

" Nor did it exist alone in one variety, but in
many. Winthrop mentions corn of various colors.

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

125

Josselyn says: 'The blew is commonly ripe be-
fore the others.' The Mandans, a North-western
tribe, had a very early variety. The King Philip
corn of the Wampanoags has descended to us.
Sweet-corn was found on the borders of the Sus-
quehanna, and yet other varieties in other sections
and among other tribes."

We may add to this very interesting chapter,
that corn is the term universally applied to bread
stuffs in the old world ; a corn-field is a wheat-
field, and corn is simply wheat. The corn of Scrip-
ture is wheat or some of its allies, and it is just
possible that Darwin meant wheat when he says
he found a head in a shell. An ear of our corn
would not bend, and it would take a considerable
sized shell that would permit a stiff ear like that
of Indian corn, to become imbedded without
bending. Corn is a name given to the maize,
simply because it was another item in the list of
breadstuffs, in use by the Indians. A want of
perception of these facts has made the history of
Indian corn a perplexing study.

The Peanut Plant. — By B. VV. Jones.

The Tobacco Remedy. — By General T. L.
Clingman.

Prairie Experience. — By Major N. Shepherd.

These are all useful, practical little works, by
some well-nnown authorities, and are issued by the
well-known firm of Orange Judd Company, New
York.

Cactaceous Plants : Their History and Cul-
ture.— By Lewis Castle, of the Journal of Horti-
culture, London; sold also by Chas. H. Marot,
Philadelphia.

This is a very timely little book, for there never
was a period in the history of American Horticulture
when a knowledge of cactuses was more sought
for than now. They do not as a rule remain long
in flower, but this very fact gives zest to the
anticipation to see them blossom. But — and this
is perhaps one of the most remarkable features
about them — though so short a time in blossom,
they mostly come into bloom at different times, so
that one who has a large collection, may have
cactus flowers almost any time in the year. Cac-
tuses are all natives of the New World, so although
this is an English work it treats of American plants
and thus will be very welcome. Some fifteen
are figured, a large number described, and useful
hints for culture adapted to all.

Plant Life on the Farm. — By Dr. M. T.
Masters. New York ; Orange Judd Company.

Dr. Masters is the editor of the London Gard-
eners' Chronicle, and besides his labors in many

branches of botany, stands especially pre-eminent
in the department of plant-life. He has had the
great advantage of many years of editorial expe-
rience, which gives a scientific man the chance to
know what the people need ; while himself the son
of a very successful English nurseryman, he has-
had that practical experience among plants that
is so helpful to a teacher of vegetable science.

This work treats of plant nutrition, the machinery
of nutrition, growth, sensitiveness, development,

I multiplication, the battle of life, practical influences,
decay and death, — all this in a small well-printed
book of 130 pages.

j The New York publishers are to be congratulated

' on being the vehicle to give to the American pub-

I lie this little work from so able a pen.

Transactions of the Worcester County,
Mass.\chusetts, Horticultural Society, for
1884. — From the Secretary, Ed. W. Lincoln.

Last year, in noticing the receipt of this ex-
cellent publication, we remarked on the injustice
to the whole community, of letting the property
of voluntary associations go free of taxes ; noth-
ing whatever is gained to the community thereby.
We all pay double taxes in order that each other
may get the half But it works unjustly because
there are numberless institutions just as worthy of
freedom from taxation as those which creep in
under exemption, that pay full taxes. This was
the case with the Worcester County Horticultural
Society. Its property was taxed, while property
devoted to what is vulgarly known as the " Hoss-
trot," was exempt. We are glad to see by this re-
port that in some slight degree this injustice has
been removed, and the legislature of Mass-
achusetts has permitted some of the property of
the Horticultural Society to be free of taxes as
well as all of that belonging to the Agricultural
Society.

It will, however, be a grand day for our whole
country when all property shall be equally taxed.
It would reduce the tax rate one-half in all large
cities, and render the flow of private benevolence
double what it is at the present time ; charity
would be largely the gainer, and not at a loss.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Cinnamon Vine. — A correspondent complains
that she had the Chinese Yam in her garden, and
much prized it as an ornamental vine for the sum-
mer covering of an arbor. Seeing advertised the
Cinnamon Vine, she ordered it and "paid a good

126

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

price for it," only to find it her old friend the Chi-
nese Yam. She thinks respectable papers should
denounce such tricks. The trouble comes from
the right which even some " respectable papers "
claim for everybody or anybody to give a plant an
English name. It is not a trick but a right they
claim. Botanical names are sometimes hard to
pronounce and to remember. Even with them
there are sometimes synonyms in general use —
but seldom to the extent that people buy a plant
twice over.

Careless Statements of Facts. — Referring
to the statement of an English Encyclopoedia that
the "Pashamin" is a name given to Diospyros Lo-
tus, when it is the Indian name of an American
species, a correspondent says: "It is not in an En-
glish work of any kind to give even the simplest
fact correctly ; " and calls attention to a statement
in the Encyclopoedia Britannica, that " Dr. Hay-
den, of Yale College, made an extensive explora-
tion of the American Territories — Dr. Hayden
never having been connected with Yale College."
We cannot assent to the sweeping assertion of our

correspondent, yet we are often surprised at the
unpardonable inaccuracies of statement that con-
tinually present themselves. Forestry, for March,
says that " Miss Mary Wagner has been writing
Transcontinental letters in the Rural New Yorker."
Mrs. Mary Wager Fisher will, no doubt, wonder
if it really means her. It is not usual, with For-
estry, however, to make slips like this.

Derivation of Diervilla. — •' G." asks: —
" What was the name of the man from whom the
genus Diervilla got its name .'' His name is vari-
ously given as Diervilla, Diereville, (acute accent
j on first e,) Diereville, (grave accent,) etc."
j Linnaeus, in Hortus Cliffortianus, says the name
was given by Tournefort in compliment to a
French surgeon, named Dierville, who was the
first to introduce it " from Acadia, North
America," to Europe. As the names introduced
into botany follow the Latin or Greek pronunci-
ation, no matter how the person's name may have
been pronounced by his own countrymen, this one
will be Diervilla ; the accent being on the third
syllable, as if written Dier-villa.

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE WORLD'S EXPOSITION AND COTTON
CENTENNIAL.

BY JAMES E. WALDO.

What part have the horticulturists and florists had
in preparing this grand display ? The ground on
which this Exposition is spread out was once a plan- i
tation. Till within a few years it was not open to
occupation for residences ; hence the city is built all
around it, except the river front. It was a tract of
249 acres, extending from the river to St. Charles
Avenue. About ten years ago the city bought it
for a city park, but had done nothing towards its
improvement for want of funds, allowing it to be j
used as a stock pasture. Nothing on it or about j
it to remind one of a park, unless it might be the
majestic old live oaks, planted in avenues and
draped in Spanish mosS, spreading out their im-
mense arms over large areas of ground. Who
planted these live oak avenues, now so magnifi-

cent, I have found no one to tell me. But any
one seeing them can but believe they were planted
by man, and not less than a century ago, to have
acquired such immense growth. This was the lo-
cality selected but a little more than a year since,
as the site for the World's Exposition. Within that
time the general management has covered about
seventy acres of this ground with roofs of the sev-
eral buildings for various exhibits. The main
building covers 33 acres; the Government build-
ing over 10 acres. The other buildings are for
machinery, live stock, art gallery, etc. All are
filled, — not only on the floors, but in the galleries,
with the goods of a thousand exhibitors.

To the horticulturists and florists, under direction
of Mr. Parker Earle, President of the Mississippi
Valley Horticultural Society, was given the prepa-
ration of these rough 249 acres, and to properly
drain and level the surface ; to lay out miles of
walks, some shelled and some covered with asphalt;
to plant several thousand trees and shrubs; to

1885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

127

grass over grounds not otherwise occupied. On a
slight elevation about half way between the Main
Building and the river front, at one end of an ave-
nue of these magnificent live oaks, they have
erected, perhaps, the largest Horticultural hall on
the continent. The building is 600 feet long and
194 feet wide, with a dome and tower 90 feet in
height. In the centre of this building beneath the
dome, is a large reservoir of water, with a jet of
water constantly in play. The whole structure of
the building is mainly of glass. The extension of
the building on each side of the dome is nearly
300 feet, the centres of which are filled with tables
for the display of fruits, and the sides for the dis-
play of plants. On the south-west side of the
building is an extensive greenhouse for the dis-
play of tropical shrubs and plants.

FRUIT DISPLAY.

Tables for display of fruit fill the entire center
of Horticultural Hall. Four rows, side by side,
seven to eight feet wide, go the whole length of
the Hall, amounting to over two thousand feet in
length. It is now about two months that these vast
tables have been crowded with the various fruit
displays. The question has been asked whether
the display has been equalled ? A gentleman who
has had some experience in such matters, Mr. Lyon
of Michigan, says it never has been equalled.
Early exhibits were mainly apples and pears from
the different states and territories. Seventeen
states contributing to the display, with small con-
tributions from Canada, England and France.

The best exhibits were from Arkansas and
Missouri, each taking a first premium. The
marvel of all was to see the progress made in
fruit growing in the newer Western states and
territories, exhibiting displays ahead of many
older states. Mexico, Jamaica and British Hon-
duras, have fine displays of oranges, lemons, pine-
apples, cocoanuts, with also sugar cane. The
Mississippi State Horticultural Society makes a
truly fine display of preserved fruits — apples, pears,
quinces, and small fruits. Wm. Parry of New
Jersey, has also a fine display of preserved
Kieffer pears and small fruits. The early displays
of Northern fruits, remaining on exhibit from six
weeks to two months, having been much thinned
out by decay and other causes, have partly been re- 1
moved or condensed so as to make room for Flor- '
Ida's display, — a truly wonderful one. The State
exhibit is in charge of Dr. G. W. Davis of Jack-
sonville. The exhibit is large and has many
attractions, but the greatest of these are two
private exhibits made by Major O. P. Rooks of

Fruitland Park, Sumpter county ; and C. P.
Magruder of Rock Land Home, Indian River.
These two exhibits are much the same, and would
be hard to surpass.

To particularize, in Magruder's exhibits are
Lemon Citrons weighing 11 lbs.; Rose Shaddocks,
7 lbs.; French Lemons, over 2 lbs. They claim
about 80 distinct varieties of oranges. Their
other fruits are pineapples, cocoanuts, guavas, &c.
The Florida exhibits taken together cover several
thousand plates.

Although the plant portion of the show is not
what we had a right to expect it would be, the
Iruit display is all that could have been expected.
Indeed the plant display, unfortunately, very un-
fortunately, is the only lame point (and that is not
as lame as it might be) in the whole affair, cov-
ered as it is by about seventy acres of roofs.

New Orleans, La.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Pennsylvania State Horticultural Asso-
ciation.— Judge Stitzel said he had the pleasure
of introducing the lecturer of the evening, Prof.
I Thomas Meehan, whose theme was " Fruits and
I Flowers in Connection with the Progress of Civili-
I zation." Starting with an anecdote and putting the
audience in the best of humor, the lecturer went on
to laud the high civilization of the nineteenth cen-
tury— a civilization which comes of a careful re-
gard for the good of others. The earlier civiliza-
tion was of a different sort. Now the chief aim
of civilization seems to be to promote the well-
being of others, and in no line of occupation is so
much contributed to this civilization as in that of
horticulture — a love for and cultivation of the
beautiful. A striking illustration of a beautiful
character of this kind was found in the life of the
late Charles Downing, whose death we so keenly
mourn to-day. He was the embodiment of all that
is good and noble in man, and his horticultural
pursuits undoubtedly had a moulding influence in
the formation of his character. A love of flowers
begets a love for humanity — and to love humanity
and to look to its highest, noblest, development, is
civilization.

The quince may be instanced as an illustration
of how closely aUied the fruits are with the history
of man. The very name — or at least the Latin
name — of quince, shows where it originated. We
often hear of marmalade in connection with fruits,
and it really is a part of the history of the quince.

138

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

Marmalade was first made at Marmelon, in Spain,
and has given its name to preserves of other fruits
for preserve ; hence it originally meant, as applied
to the quince, quince preserve. The cherry is an
evidence of civilization, and wherever it is seen
you will find civilization. Among the ancients the
fruits and flowers formed a conspicuous part of the
people's history. Flowers were used among the
Greeks and Romans to crown the conquerors.
The carnation, originally grown in England, was
used for the purpose just mentioned — making gar-
lands for heroes, and hence its name Dianthus.
Many flowers would never have been traced to
their origin iiad it not been for literature. We find,
by tracing the literature of various nations, the
origin of many plants and flowers, by discovering
the uses to which they were put. In the matter of
corn, it is well known that grains of it were found
in Indian mounds.

The grape seems to have been a native of Asia,
and native grapes are found in Japan and China
that are very similar to our wild grapes. In the
study of the grape, therefore, we might have a clue
to the history of the Indian. There are forms of
vegetable growth which follow man without any
apparent reason, and the lecturer had read of a
botanist who claimed that he could tell the nation-
ality of a man by the weeds which surrounded
him. To go more closely into this study — to show
more clearly how closely civilization is connected j
with the development of fruits and flowers, he
would call attention to the efforts that are made ,
by those in barren or semi-barbarous regions to
induce people to settle there. Gold or silver
mines, indeed any of the minerals of the earth,
may attract settlers in the regions where the min-
erals are found ; but the attraction of fruit and
flower culture will take the miner from his mine,
and this will eventually bring about the civihzation
of that region. Look at Florida: how many thous-
ands have been lured there to cultivate oranges,
and with that cultivation came civilization. How
much horticulturists have suffered in introducini;
one plant from one region to another, and yet all
these sacrifices were made for the good of human-
ity. How much will often depend on the chance
introduction of a single plant! Take the history
of the cotton plant in this country ; human slavery,
the chief industry of the South, a fratricidal war,
and the final emancipation of the slaves, all result-
ed from the introduction of a cotton plant at
Jamestown about 200 years ago.

The elevating and beneficial influence of flowers
finds an exemplification in the kind offices of those

who belong to the Flower Missions of the large
cities^taking flowers to the hospitals and to the
sick and suffering poor generally of the city.
Pass -an humble home, with its windows decked
with flowers, and you at once feel that, though
poor, the inmates of that dwelling are not without
virtue. Gifts of flowers to the very poor would
prove a better investment than giving them
money, for the refining, elevating influence of the
flowers would make better citizens of them by
teaching them lessons of industry and thrift. The
lecturer related his experience among the Indians,
even in far-away Alaska. He remembered how
he and his company had been warned not to go
too far among a certain tribe, and there he found
Captain Crittenden, of Kentucky, who had been
in the rebel service, and had vowed that he would
rather live among the Indians than among civilized
people after the defeat of the cause for which he
had fought. There, among those dangerous
Indians, on whose grounds the travelers had been
warned not to encroach too closely, lived Captain
Crittenden. He had a garden which he cultivat-
ed, and he told the lecturer that he gave the
Indians vegetables and flowers and flower seeds,
and the poor untutored fellows had learned to love
him, and some of them at least had learned to
grow flowers and vegetables. Prom savages they
were transformed to peaceable, kindly neighbors.
The lesson was one that ought not to be lost on us.

The lecture occupied little over half an hour in
its delivery and was loudly applauded. At its
conclusion Dr. VVickersham, on behalf of the
citizens of Lancaster, and particularly on behalf
of the pupils of the High Schools who were
present, moved a resolution of thanks to Prof.
Meehan for his entertaining and instructive ad-
dress, and the thanks were given with a will.

[A correspondent says: "I feel sure, if you
would give in the Gardeners' Monthly the ad-
dress you gave us at Lancaster, it would give as
much pleasure to large numbers of your readers
as it did to us. If not to be published there,
where may we see it ? "

To this we can only say, that the Editor does not
prepare written lectures, has no time to do so, but
is always ready to have a pleasant talk with his
friends when he happens to be present with them.

We give above a short abstract made by the
reporter of the Daily Era from the Pennsylvania
State Horticultural Association, which is all we
are able to give now of the talk on that occa-
sion. The excellent Secretary, Engle, may have
his report in the annual proceedings. — Ed. G. M.]

THE

Gardeners' Monthly

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXVII.

MAY, 1885.

Number 317.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

The system of bedding plants has called for a
new class of characters. Formerly viewed as a
"florist's flower," a verbena, for instance, would
require roundness of form in the individual flower
as a first requisite. The lobes of the edges of the
border should seem so to overlap each other as to
form a perfect circle. Then there should always
be an " eye," and the colors of this eye and the
margin beyond be well defined, and not run
gradually into each other. But for bedding pur-
poses, a new and striking shade of color, a free
blooming character, neat habit of growth, and
power to endure a hot, dry sun, are of far more
importance ; and the energies of our improvers
should be devoted to this end. Seedling raising
with this view is very interesting, and we would
recommend all our amateur friends to try their
hands at it. It is a highly interesting source of
gratification even in itself. The way to proceed
is to note some variety that approaches nearly to
the desired shade, and select seed from these.
The next season some flowers will be produced
probably deeper, and in a few generations, by
careful annual selection each time, the desired
shade can be obtained. The old notion that
" like produces like," is a fallacy. There is always
more or less of difference in the progeny from its
progenitors, though most generally so slight that

we do not observe it; but a little art added to
nature's own process brings out the variations
very remarkably. Where quite different charac-
ters from the original are desired, hybridization
may be resorted to. For instance, we may have
an excellent habit of growth, and free blooming
quality, but a dull colored flower; a kind as
nearly allied to the good qualities as possible, but
with better colors should be selected with which
to fertilize the other. Flowers should be selected
for fertilization soon after they have expanded,
and the one used as a fertilizer chosen when ma-
tured. The flower of the former may then have
the latter shaken over it, and fertilization will
probably ensue. This is a rough method. The
passage of a camel-hair pencil from one flower to
another is better ; the pollen from the stamens of
the one is more certainly carried to the other.
When hybridizing is carried on with nicety, it is
best entirely to remove the anthers with a pair of
scissors before applying the pollen of the other
kind. This lessens the chances of self-fertilization,
and renders the operation either a certain failure
to produce seed at all, or a different race from its
parents by the seed so produced. New fruits
may be produced in the same way. It was at
one time supposed all these productions were
mules, and though they might produce flowers
in their progeny, would not produce fruit, and
so the operation would not benefit the porno-

130

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

legist. But this is now found not to be the case.
The progeny is sometimes barren, but this is
rather the exception than the rule.

This is not the period of the year to thin out
trees when they have become too thiclc on the
grounds ; but the autumn will soon be here, and
in view of the importance of the question, it seems
a seasonable hint to be given now. It is surprising,
in view of how much has been written about it, so
little thinning is done. In our own city of Phila-
delphia, where, if anywhere, one would think the
influence of the Gardeners' Monthl? would be
felt, thousands of trees are annually destroyed by
the struggle with one another, simply because of a
sentiment that it is not wise to destroy in an hour
what it has taken a quarter of a century to grow.
Let any one note a tree standing by itself— note it
at this season, when covered with foliage, and
note the branches extending, perhaps, fifty feet
from the trunk, and admitting a glorious current
of cool air under it ; and then note the score or
two of trees crowded together in a hundred feet
lot, the branches struggling upwards to get a
glimpse of the sky — forming an impenetrable mass
through which not a breath of air can stir, and he
will see the difference. The owner often sees it;
and instead of thinning the trees, calls in the aid
of the tree-butcher who lops off the heads. The
result is, these large scars never heal, the wood
rots, and in a few years the trees have to be taken
out at any rate — the whole tree is gone. And
then, what do lopped trees look like ? They are
outrageous in the sight of every person with
even the germ of taste. Street trees especially
suffer from this unseemly crowding. It is very
well to put trees about 20 feet apart at first, be-
cause we get some shade and some ornament
sooner than we should do. It looks naked for too
long a time, to have small trees so set with the
view to what they will be in a quarter of a century
hence. It is best to set double the number of trees
finally required, with the firm determination to
take out the half ten or twelve years after; or that
some one else may do it, if we should ourselves
be in another land.

COMMUNICATIONS.

CANNA EHEMANNI.

BY THEO. NISSEN.

When a boy, in about 1844 or '45, my father re-
ceived from the well-known firm, Booth & Sons
of Hamburg, this Canna, under the name of

Iridiflora, and if I recollect right, it was exactly
the same thing sent out now as Ehemanni.

This Canna was first found by Ruiz & Pavon in
Peru, and named by them Iridiflora. Curtis, in
his Botanical Magazine (No. 1968), I believe in
1823, gives the first illustration of it; also Lod-
diges in Botanical Cabinet (905), and Edwards in
Botanical Register {609).

Prof. Reichenbach in 1826, in one of his works
calls it a rare and beautiful plant, then in flower
in the Botanical Gardens at Dresden (Saxony),
and often confounded in European gardens with
other species, but very easy to distinguish by its
drooping flowers.

Mr. HefTron will see that Iridiflora is the
original name given by Ruiz & Pavon, and that
Ehemanni is put to it to pass an old plant for a
new one. Davenport, Iowa.

THE CLEMATIS.
BY JOSIAH SALTER.

The complaints of a nurseryman, in the Gar-
deners' Monthly for January, of having many
unprofitable questions put to him, and which he
can ill afford time to answer, reminds me that I
frequently find myself sailing in the same kind of
ship, by having numerous questions asked and
inquiries made, both verbally and written, about
the Clematis. It has occurred to me that it might
be advisable, if acceptable to you, to offer a few
remarks, concerning the Clematis, through the
columns of your very excellent Gardeners'
Monthly. In so doing, I trust it may be re-
membered that the following remarks are not
intended for the edification of gardeners or
nurserymen, or any of the profession, who, in all
probability, know the subject much better than I
do.

But, inasmuch, as the Clematis is becoming
very popular and deservedly gaining favor every
day, and, as the professionals say or write very
little upon the subject in the periodicals of the
day so far as I have seen, I will endeavor to
answer the querist as best I can, and he must
take the reply for what it is worth. There appears
to be quite a lack of general information upon the
subject, and the queries are as numerous about the
old as the new varieties.

According to the books, the word Clematis is
derived from the Greek word kUma, meaning a
vine branch, because most of the species climb
hke a vine.

The Clematis belongs to a very extensive genus

1885. 1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

131

of mostly hard-wooded, climbing, ornamental,
flowering, shrubby plants, and one species or
other are indigenous to almost every quarter of
the globe. I once heard a lady exclaim to an-
other, while admiring a beautiful Henryi : "Oh!
what a beautiful flower; what a lovely Clematis!
Where do Clematises come from ? " The reply
was : " Oh — oh — they come — they come — they
come — from all over." How much "all over" was
intended to imply I cannot say. But truly, sir,
they come from all over. They are almost
cosmopolitan. They are here, and they are there,
and they are every where. Yet many people seem
to think there are very few varieties in exist-
ence, and these few are considered compara-
tively new. Whereas there are from 250 to 300
varieties and species in regular cultivation, and of
this number, perhaps 250 are what are called j
large-flowered hybrid garden varieties. Some of
the species have been in cultivation over three '
hundred years, and are still quite popular.

Jackmansays: "The scientific records give a
total of about 230 species. Of these 17 are
European; 43 of Indian origin; 9 are Javanese ;
Persia I ; 30 of the finest species from China and
Japan ; 1 1 from Siberia ; Feejee Islands 2 ; South
America 24 ; Central America and the West
Indies 9; North America 35; African tropical
mainland 14; South Africa 4; Mascaren Islands
and Madagascar 6; New Holland 15; New Zea-
land 5." Paxton gives a long list of species
from about 30 different countries and parts of
countries, the names of which are unnecessary to
this article and would take too much space.

Their habitat extending over such a wide ex-
tent of country, their natural habit, character and
constitution, &c., must necessarily differ very con-
siderably.

Some of the species are hardy, non-chmbing, j
soft-wooded herbaceous perennials, as in Erecta
and its varieties, growing about two feet high,
furnished with large corymbs of white, sweet-
scented flowers.

Others are soft-wooded and climbing herbaceous
perennials, as in Coccinea, which, I believe, is
comparatively new and a native of Texas. I have
not had this long enough to know much about it.

Others again are non-climbing, sub-shrubby
and hard-wooded, growing erect I or 2 feet,
as in Viticella nana, and others 4 or 5 feet, re-
quiring the support of a stake, and being covered
with large panicles or umbels of sweet-scented
white or blue flowers as in Coerulea odorata and its
varieties. Other species are tender, evergreen.

winter-flowering and require the protection of a
conservatory or a hothouse.

But to attempt to describe many of these
species would soon take up too much of your
valuable space. The first Clematis introduced
into England was our old favorite Clematis
viticella, from Spain in 1569, in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, who, it is said, was delighted to be
called the Virgin Queen, and in compliment to
her majesty the Clematis was very appropriately
and very prettily called the Virgin's Bower.

In the same year was brought into cultivation
the old wayfarer of the English hedgerows,
Clematis vitalba, commonly called Traveller's
Jay, Virgin's Bower, Welcome Traveller, Old
Man's Beard, White Vine, Smoking Cane, Cigar
Plant, Pithwine, &c. One might think a plant
having all these common names must be of some
importance. Then came Clematis flammula, a
well-known European species and called sweet-
scented Clematis. After this the pretty little
Crispa, a native of North America and of the
Viticella type, is now becoming quite fashion-
able again. Next in importance. Clematis Vir-
giniana, which I think is best of the old com-
mon white sorts, but which has no distinctive
common name, I believe, and often gets con-
founded with the Vitalba under the name of
Virgin's Bower. Besides these have been raised
hosts of others, of little importance just now,
down to about 1835, when was introduced Azurea
or Ccerulea, now called Azurea grandiflora or
Patens. Flower about 5 inches in diameter, eight
sepals. Sepals somewhat recurved and reflexed,
of a delicate azure blue, hence its name. About
the same time was introduced Sieboldii, under the
name of Florida bicolor. Flower about 3 inches
across, sepals standing straight out from the disc,
flat and broad, and the center filled with a rosette
of purple petaloid stamens, forming a very pretty
flower. Sepals creamy white. From Japan by
Dr. Siebold.

About 1851, was sent to London from China, I
think, by Mr. Forsyth, the grand old Lanuginosa.
Flowers, 6 to 8 inches across ; eight sepals, pale
lavender. About 1863, was sent from Japan, by
Mr. Robert Fortune to Messrs. Standish & Noble,
of London, I believe, that fine old double white
Clematis named Fortunei. Its color is creamy
white, sweet scented, 4 to 5 inches diameter.
About the same time came Standishii ; color,
bluish mauve. Also John Gould Veitch, a beau-
tiful double blue or lavender blue ; both by Mr.
Fortune from Japan. From these last named

132

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

sorts, viz : Patens, Lanuginosa, Fortunei, Stand-
ishii and Viticella, have been derived these mag-
nificent hybrid varieties which we have now in
cultivation.

So far as my experience goes, I think the Cle-
matis is a good thing which is destined to become
as deservedly universally popular, for out-door
garden culture, as the rose ; and for indoors, too,
for that matter. For the greenhouse, the conser-
vatory, the parlor window, to cover rock-work or'
rustic arbors, or any lattice work, pillars of the
verandah or porch, or any other ornamental use
where flowers are desirable.

For individual specimens, trained to ornamen-
tal forms or designs on the lawn, or making good
pot specimens to place about the lawn, they can-
not be equalled by any other plant for this pur-
pose and climate. For permanently bedding out
in the flower beds the Clematis is superior to any
other individual class or species of bedding out
plant with which I am familiar. The colors
are all that can be desired, and, withal, it is the
cheapest bedding out flowering plant we have, for
so good a thing.

Three or four dollars do not go far, even at
the low price of a dollar a dozen, for bedding out
plants, to fill a bed prettily. The same sum would
nearly fill the same bed with Clematises the first
summer, and certainly the second, with good
plants to start with ; for one good strong plant of
Clematis will cover the space of a dozen of the
others. The tender bedding plants usually die
and have to be renewed every year; but the Cle-
matis, when established, is " there," and better
the second than the first year. The older the
plant the younger and fresher it appears. The
Clematis is well adapted to our soil and climate.
It will grow where any other plant will grow and
thrive, save and except under water, just in pro-
portion to the treatment it receives. It is not at
all fastidious as to soil or treatment, yet no plant
is more grateful or will respond more quickly to
kind and generous culture. The Clematis likes
best a deep, moderately light, but rich sandy
loam, well drained. After a plant has become
four or five years established it will make a growth
of 4 or 5 to 8 or lo feet in height in a season, ac-
cording as the plant is of a weaker or stronger
habit of growth ; and, if carefully trained, will
cover as much space in width.

Many of the varieties of the Jackmanni and
Viticella types will throw their large umbels of
flowers so far above their foliage as to present one
complete mass of flowers, with, scarcely room for

a green leaf to appear. These large umbels or
panicles of flowers are made up of six to ten indi-
vidual flowers, each 4 to 6 inches in diameter,
usually four to six sepals of, for the most part in
these types, the deepest and richest velvety pur-
ple to almost black. These types commence flow-
ering the lore part of July and continue on till the
frost kills their foliage in October or November.
The different groups give us about all the colors
that can be desired, from the purest white to al-
most black, from Azure-blue to yellow, and from
green to scarlet. It is true we could wish the yel-
low and the scarlet could be improved in size.
They are single, semi-double, rosettes and double ;
sweet scented and not scented. I have had them
in flower from 2 inches high to 10 feet high; and
also in size from 2 inches to 10 inches in diameter.
I have had Jeanne d' Arc measure a full 10 inches
across and Lawsoniana g]4 inches in diameter of
flower. 8 to g;4 inches are quite common, in
many varieties, when well grown ; and size ap-
pears to be now the prevailing fashion. The
flowers hold in perfection from twelve to twenty
days, usually fifteen to eighteen.

I have said they are hardy. They are, and al-
most as persistent as a root of rhubarb, and should
their tops become winter killed, from very ex-
treme weather, they will start up in the spring
like a shoot of asparagus. 1 have compared them
to the rose. They are as beautiful in color and as
sweet in perfume. But, unlike our beautiful Tea
roses, which shrink and wither in the scorching
hot sun and have to be taken up and coddled
through the winter, the Clematis will glory in the
summer's heat and scarcely wince at the winter's
cold.

Hardy as they are, however, no plant will be
more benefited by, or more grateful for, a little
winter protection with a little littery manure or
something of that kind. What varieties would I
recommend for general planting ? That is a
rather difficult matter to decide, and must depend
on the purpose for which they are wanted and on
the fancy of the cultivator. The family is divided
into sections or groups, not botanically, however,
but for the convenience of gardeners and amateur
planters.

T/ie ATo7ttana Group — are strong growers and
will flower in abundance from January to May on
the old ripened wood of the previous year's growth ;

I the flowers are only medium in size and in clus-
ters, and excellent for cut flowers ; but, of course,
in order to do tliis they require the protection of a

I cool greenhouse.

I 77ie Palcns Group — give us the earliest large-

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURlbT.

133

flowered climbers ; flowers singly, from the ripen-
ed wood of the previous year's growth ; mostly
light colored flowers ; May and June out of doors.

The Florida Group. — Large flowers from the
ripened wood of the previous year's growth; but
making a longer growth than the Patens before
flowering, and consequently flowering later; June
and July. As grown now, mostly double flowers
and often sweet scented.

Graveolens Group. — Mostly rampant climbers,
small flowers, often in large panicles; July to
September.

Lanuginosa Group. — Large flowers, six to eight
sepals ; 6 to ()]{ inches diameter ; climbing ;
blooming successionally summer and autumn.
Flowers on short lateral summer shoots, dispersed
and continuous. This group is divided into early
and late bloomers ; June to October.

Viticella Group. — Mostly large-flowered climb-
ers ; blooming in continuous masses on long sum-
mer shoots ; July to October.

The Jackmanni Group — are large-flowered
climbers ; blooming successionally in summer and
autumn, in continuous masses. This group make
a long and strong summer growth before flower-
ing, hence a little later in coming into bloom.
They are divided into early and late bloomers.
They begin flowering about the first of July and
continue till the frosts kill their foliage and flowers
in October or November. A slight frost does not
hurt them. They will bear about as much frost
as a grapevine.

Ccerulea odorata G^r(7«/.— Non-climbing ; sub-
shrubby ; flowering on summer shoots ; July to
September.

Erecta Group. — Non-climbing; herbaceous;
flowering, June to September.

These two latter groups are not very fashiona-
ble in this country, so far as I have seen, though
a few have been grown for many years.

I will endeavor to name a few kinds from two
or three of the principal groups; but, of course, a
full description cannot be given for want of space.

Patens Group. — Albert Victor, deep lavender ;
Fair Rosamond, bluish-white ; Lord Gifford, rosy
lilac ; Lady Londesborough, silver-gray ; Miss
Bateman, pure white ; Mrs. Quilter, white.

Florida Group. — Aurora, semi-double, pinkish-
lilac ; Countess of Lovelace, double, bluish-lilac ;
Duchess of Edinburgh, double, pure white ; John
Gould Veitch, double, lavender-blue ; Lucie
Lemoine, double, white ; Venus Victrix, double,
pale-mauve.

Lanuginosa Group. — Alba Magna, finest white ;
Angelina, pale bluish-mauve ; Blue Gem, pale
coerulean-blue ; William Kennett, bluish-lavender;
Duchess of Teck, white ; Fairy Queen, pale flesh
color ; Henryi, beautiful creamy-white ; Lawson-
iana, rosy-purple.

Viticella Group. — Lady Bovill, soft grayish-
blue ; Madam Grange, maroon crimson ; Mrs.
James Bateman, reddish-lilac ; Viticella rubra

grandiflora, claret-crimson ; Viticella venosa, red-
dish-purple.

Jackmanni Group. — Prince of Wales, deep
puce-purple ; Alexandra, reddish-violet ; Gipsy
Queen, dark velvety purple ; Guiding Star, claret-
crimson ; Jackmanni, intense violet-purple ; Ru-
bella, deep velvety claret-purple.

Rochester, N. Y.

[A chapter on the diseases of the Clematis
would be a welcome supplement to this excellent
communication. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

New Styles of Chrv3.a.nthemums. — One
would have thought that after the immense variety
florists have produced, there was room for no
more new styles among Chrysanthemums. But
the French have produced a race that has the ray
petals hang down closely around the flower stem
like silk, while the " anemone " formed crown
represents the button of a tassel. In one of
these recently raised, the silken threads as we may
call them, extend down 5 inches, while the
crown represents a perfect hemisphere 4 inches
across. This variety is called Fabias de Mad-
ernaz.

Platycodon gr.\ndiflorum. — Herbaceous
plants have — many of them — strange habits of
dying unaccountably, and leaving their places in
the flower border without our knowledge. But
there are some very beautiful things that have the
faculty of holding on in spite of all vicissitudes,
and one of the bell-flowers, Campanula grandi-
flora, or Platycodon grandiflora, as botanists
prefer to call it, is one of these. There is a white
and a blue variety.

Fringed Petunias. — These are coming into
popularity. The edges of the corolla are fringed
like soma pinks, and being double they have a
unique appearance.

HVACINTHUS CANDICANS. — In reference to this
plant, noted specially by Mr. Krelaage in his
interesting paper on bulb collections in our last,
Mr. Baines says in the Gardeners' Magazine :

"The Galtonia, generally known as Hyacinthus
candicans, is invaluable for the cool-house. For
late summer flowering, few plants look better in a
house of this kind ; its tall spikes of large white
bells are particularly effective when stood in front
of dark green-leaved plants such as camellias,
and other things of a like character, and which
play a principal part amongst the permanent oc-
cupants. The plants should be placed singly in
eight or nine-inch pots, in good loam, with a little

134

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

IMay.

sand, and some rotten manure added ; after which
they may be plunged out of doors, and covered
slightly over with some old tan or coal ashes, so
as to protect them a little from severe frost. In
the spring, the best way is to keep the pots plung-
ed in coal ashes, giving water through the summer
as required. Manure-water whilst the plants are
in active growth, strengthens them much. To
have them when grown in pots as strong as de-
sirable, it is necessary to give this kind of stimu-
lant, as when their roots are kept within the
limited space which a pot affords, they necessarily
cannot produce such large heads of bloom as
they would where they could have the unrestrict-
ed run of a good bed of soil, unless they have
extra stimulants to help them."

Improved Asters. — The cultivation of the
Aster has for a long time occupied the attention
of florists and those interested in beautiful flowers;
and, like the chrysanthemum, it is now at its
height.

We have before us a lithograph of a collection
of Victoria Asters, raised by Ernst Senary, of
Erfurt, Prussia, and they are without doubt, the
largest and best we have yet seen. They are of
all shades and colors, from a bluish white to dark
purple and crimson. They run in size from 4 to
4^ inches in diameter.

Improvement of the Wall-Flower. — This
old and ever popular favorite is getting a good
turn from French hands, and is being improved
in a wonderful way. They have many classes of

them. Under their name of " giroflee " all French-
men make a pet of the wall-flower.

Another Upright Poplar.— Last year we saw
a new introduction that grew upnght and as close
as the Lombardy poplar. It is a variety of the
common white or Silver poplar. It appears in
foreign catalogues as Populus BoUeana.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Lily Disease. — " Mrs. K.," Baltimore, Md. —
The Gold-banded Lily, and other lilies, "get weak-
er every year and finally die" because of a fungus.
No known cure has been discovered. It may be
the same or a close ally of the one that causes rust
in the gladiolus.

Cedar of Lebanon in Virginia.— Mr. J.
Hotchkiss says: "We have a fine Cedar of
Lebanon growing here in Staunton on our lime-
stone hills. It was planted about 30 years ago,
and is now about 40 feet high."

A Double Lilium sfeciosum. — A correspon-
dent from Ottawa, Canada, sends a photograph of
a lily that had twelve petals and twelve stamens.
This is not a double lily in the usual meaning of
the word ; but the double number of the usual
parts, without any change of stamens to petals, is
perhaps of still more interest to the botanist,
though the florist may not see as much.

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

GERANIUMS.

BY valentine BURGEVIN.

Without entering into a full explanation of the
origin and home of this class of plants, which is
very ably described by our distinguished horticul-
tural writer, Peter Henderson, in his " Hand Book
of Plants," a work deservedly appreciated by all
who are interested in the kingdom of flowers, I in-
tend hereby to show how to cultivate, produce,
propagate and bloom them in a most approved
manner, calling to my aid my own long experi-
enap. There is hardly a plant which is more pop-
ular among all classes on the globe than what is

generally called the horseshoe or zonal geranium,
"pelargonium inquinans." While fashionable plants
require a fortune to buy and grow them satisfac-
torily in large collections, the laborer and his wife
can enjoy the geranium, and on this account it
deserves to be brought before the public and per-
mitted to present its beauty and glory as well as
any of its charming sisters. The geranium is found
in the homes of the humble and industrious, but it
loses nothing of its inherent beauty on that account.
For where can a natural beauty be oftener found
than among the farmers and their daughters ?

When I became first acquainted with the gerani-
um, there were only a few varieties and very im-
perfect ; a few shades of red, one of pink and, some
time after, a very poor white. The Tom Thumb

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

135

geranium was the first to elevate its genus to a lov-
ed plant, and large masses of them were planted
in clumps and made a brilliant appearance in parks
and gardens. Then for a long time there was a
standstill, and it was thought that this was the ex-
tent of the mission of the geranium, until gradually
better more perfect and more beautiful varie-
ties were developed and exhibited. Amateurs in-
terested themselves more and more in their culti-
vatioh, and consequently newer and more distinct
varieties were produced, so that the geranium be-
came a plant of commerce and was generally
cultivated everywhere. Not only exquisite flowers,
like hardly any other plant, with so many shades
of red, pink, salmon, large clear white, variegated,
double and single, but also the most beautiful leaf
geraniums with splendid gold, bronze and silver
leaf are now produced exhibited and advertised
in all leading catalogues.

The ivy geranium "pelargonium peltatum," likely
as old as its sisters, has been wonderfully improv-
ed of late in double as well as single flowers, and
with remarkably distinct and variegated foliage.
They are not only delightful for hanging baskets,
but also grow on treUises, or in any other
way when handled by a skillful hand. Late
varieties are introduced and sold by V. P. Sim-
mons, florist, Geneva, Ohio ; V. H. Hallock, Son
& Thorpe, Queens, N. Y., and other leading
florists, which they advertise in their catalogues,
amongst the latest novelties in geraniums of strik-
ing qualifications. But the ivy-leaved are actually
charming with their immense trusses of both
double and single flowers, florets over two
inches in diameter and of exquisite colors. New
varieties from England, France, Germany and the
United States appear yearly, and oftentimes
create a sensation among lovers of geraniums,
who are everywhere to be found where the plant
can be cultivated.

The propagation of the geranium is universally

can be done without injury. After they are plant-
ed about 15 inches apart, kept clean from weeds
and the soil well loosened, a careful observer can *
be already amused by observing the habits and
formation of the plant and its foliage. In the
latter part of July they begin to flower, which
causes daily a great deal of excitement. The
color of the seedling Virgin Bloom appears to be
brighter, the trusses larger than in the others ; and
thus we are very apt to discover many extra
properties in these our children, which we will
justify by getting better and better acquainted
with the characters of our production.

The principal condition of an introduction of a
new praiseworthy geranium is a new color, a large
well formed truss over a well proportioned plant,
with not too large leaves, round florets and round
petals. Only such seedlings may be exempted
from these absolute conditions which have other-
■H^se extra endurable properties. Judging from
the present indications of the geranium, the future
developments of the flower will be such as will re-
semble the pelargonium variety, with more distinct
colors and marks on the two upper petals. I have
planted for several years past about 1,000 seed-
lings yearly, well advanced plants ; I took good
care of them, watched them closely, and after they
commenced flowering they gave me great pleasure.
We potted about 200, discarded all of them
which we deemed to be worthless, and when frost
came there was only about one-eighth of them
which showed no sign of flower buds. Of my 200
seedlings I selected about 50 which 1 thought were
good and somewhat different from other sorts, but
by more particular examination I reduced the
number to 24, then to an average of about 10 a
year, which were worth reserving and are distinct
varieties. The value of a seedling geranium can
not for certain be established before one year. As
they may decrease as well as increase in their
properties, those who wish to show their esteem

it from cuttings, but the most interesting manner
is to grow it from seeds, which are carefully gath-
ered from the best varieties and which are likely
crossed either accidentally or by scientific pro-
cesses. These seeds, sown in February where
they can vegetate, will in eight or ten days be up,
and in three or four weeks the plants should be
transplanted, and again and again transplanted
until they can be safely planted out of doors. In
order to grow strong plants, especially if we are
compelled to plant them close together for lack of
room, the largest leaves should be removed, which

known. Every woman knows how to slip or grow for a person or locality by naming a new variety

of a plant after it might be obliged to re-name it.
So they should not be too hasty in selecting a sub-
ject for immortality. The few which I have named
after some honorable persons in our immediate
neighborhood, I hope will be as favorably known
as their distinguished namesakes.

Some geraniums bloom by crops. Oftentimes I
have counted on a one-year-old plant as high as
18 flowers in full bloom. Others again are all the
time in bloom, while others have very large, beau-
tiful and distinct trusses, but are shy bloomers.
If a special apartment or a part of the house

136

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

could be devoted to geraniums, all in bloom taste-
fully arranged, the colors well mixed, no other
plant will afford a more constantly attractive show
during the whole winter season than the geraniums,
because if a plant be for a little while flowerless
it may easily be replaced by another one in flower
from the balance of the collection. It is bene-
ficial and adds appearance, and causes them to
flower more abundantly, if from time to time a
proportion of the coarsest leaves is removed^
as the air can belter circulate and they receive
thereby a better form.

I have frequently heard the remark from visi-
tors that their geraniums were full of leaves but
no flowers. They say, " I don't understand why
your geraniums are so prolific ; I guess you can
talk to them and they know you." I answer,
" There is indeed something in that." Any one
who has handled an article for years has gathered
experience and knows exactly what is needed, ^
he has reflected deeply on his operations. The^
removing of the leaves alone, however, would not
do much good if the plants were not treated prop-
erly otherwise. The geranium when grown in pots
in winter in a moist temperature of from 45 to 65
Fahrenheit and placed as near as possible to the
glass, transplanted at least twice in rich loamy
soil and clean pots — " give tbem a little air in mild
weather, and mix once in a while fertilizer in their
watering—" when geraniums are so treated they
will undoubtedly be in full bloom all winter, even
in December and January. My geraniums were
admired by all who saw them. 1 often thought
that their trusses were larger and more perfect
than in summer. Some trusses measured over
five inches in diameter. Of course there must be
such ones selected as are inclined to bloom in win-
ter, for it is certain that some varieties bloom bet-
ter in summer. According to locality, all colors
and shades are required to exhibit an accomplished
variety. Together with the newest introductions,
my collection consists principally of my own rais-
ing, and comprises almost all colors in geraniums.
I have kept up, besides, a few standing varieties
such as Rev. Atkinson, Dr. Denning, Surface
Beauty, Du Surenne and two or three others. There
are now splendid double kinds, which bloom as
well as single ones, of all colors, even some with
variegated leaves. To keep geraniums over win-
ter, for no other purpose except to plant them out
again, all the leaves should be taken off, and roots
planted in a box close together and placed in a
dry cellar, where they will hardly need any atten-
tion except to keep them from frost.

When the culture of plants and flowers is so in-
teresting, and causes so much entertainment and
pleasure, one would think it should be universal;
besides, the geranium is a life-long companion,
wandering with the household furniture from
place to place ; and the good housewife makes
a special request to her husband not to for-
get her geranium. In large parks and gardens,
where it takes hundreds, yes thousands of plants
for one bed, if planted by a skillful hand, where
can there a more brilliant effect be found than in
such a flower bed ? The variegated leaf geraniums
especially are precious for edging. One of the
noblest amusements is to be found in the floral
kingdom, where flowers are cultivated with love.
There peace and harmony will prevail, and the
blessing of Heaven will follow the deed.

Kingston, N. V.

[This excellent article has appeared in a local
paper, the Kingston Freeman ; but has been sent
us by a correspondent with the remark that it is
well worth re-publication in the Gardeners'

Monthly, an opinion we heartily endorse Ed.

G. M.]

NOTES ON SOME NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

BV W. A. MANDA.

Anthuriutn Andreanum. — Certainly there was
not another plant that was so much spoken of as
this noble arad, when first introduced from New
Granada, where it was discovered by Mr. Ed.
Andrt', the well-known French botanist, whose
name this plant justly bears. The plant is of
compact habit, leaves are oblong cordate of leath-
erly substance, the stalk appears with the new
leaves bearing a brilliant scarlet spathe of large
size and good texture, irregularly corrugated like
the ear ; the spadix is white and yellow. Grows
readily in the warm house potted in sphagnum,
charcoal and potsherds and requires good supply
of water during the growing season. Propagated
by cutting the plant into pieces, each having a
good leaf, and potted in the same compost as the
plant.

Crinum ama6iU.—B\i\b very large, cylindrical;
leaves broad, glaucous, 2 or 3 feet long ; flower
spike 18 inches long termined by an umbel of
flowers (twenty-six on our plant] ; each petal
5 inches long, light purple, with a dark stripe of
the same color in the middle, dark purple on the
outside, stamens purple, pollen yellow. To be
grown to perfection, it requires to be grown in
large pots with rich compost. Propagated from

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

>37

seed, also from young plants, which the plant
produces at the base. Native of East Indies.

Begonia Socotrana. — This very fine plant is
quite distinct from any other in the genus. The
tuber produces a quantity ol bulblets, the leaves are
orbicular, peltate light green, the flower stem rises
8 to 12 inches from the tuber and terminates with a
head of bright, deep rose flowers of good size and
substance, lasting a long time in perfection. Be-
sides its ornamental quality it has also the merit of
being strictly a winter flowerer, which adds greatly
to its value. As the name indicates, it was dis-
covered in the Island of Socotra, by Dr. Balfour.
Culture : to be kept at rest during the summer,
re-potted in the fall in good compost, started
in gentle heat and kept moderately moist. Propa-
gated by means of the bulblets.

Cypripediuin Spicerianum. — One of the prettiest
Lady's Slipper from East Indies. The leaves re-
semble C. villosum. the flower is borne singly on a
stem 4 to 6 inches high. The dorsal sepal is nearly
2 inches long, pure white with a purple stripe in
the center, petals green, undulated lip greenish
yellow, column purple and white. Grows best in
pots with sphagnum, fibrous peat, charcoal and
potsherds, requires good supply of water during
the growth, and should not even in the resting
season suffer from draught ; it requires a tempera-
ture of 6oO Fahrenheit. Propagated by division.

The above in flower at the Cambridge Botanic
Gardens, as well as the following orchids :

Cypripediiim hirsutissimum,
" barbatum,

" venustum,

" Hookerae,

" Roezlii,

Calanthe Veitchii,
** vestita,
" " lutea oculata,

Lycaste Skinnerii,
Coelogyne cristata.

Ccelof^yne .speciosa,
Oncidium Barkerii,
Epidend lum variegatum,
L:tlia autumnalis,
Angraecum elturneuin,
Cymbidium sinense,
Dendrobium clirysanthuni,
Maxillaria pum^tnlata,

" variabili-s,

" " var. lutea,

GLAZING.

BY THOMAS ROBERTS.

With your permission I venture to take part in
the discussion relating to the glazing of plant
houses. Several years ago a severe hail storm
demolished the roofs of a number of houses then
in my charge, and with a view to saving from the
wreck all that was possible, the work of re-cover-
ing with glass was pushed with vigor. The pro-
gress was so slow, however, in consequence of
digging out the old putty, etc., that the loss from
exposure was greater than from the hail and
broken glass combined. A short time after that
occurrence two forcing houses were constructed
under my supervision, and the disaster being

fresh in mind the following plan of glazing was
adopted :

Instead of the stiles being rabbeted for putty-
ing in the usual manner, they were grooved just
wide enough and deep enough to permit the glass
to slide easily but not too loosely. The panes (to
which a little thick white lead was applied to the
upper edges) were fed successively into the grooves
from the lower edge of the roof, and the only fas-
tening found necessary was one or two copper
tacks at the foot of the last pane in each row of
glass. Space for expansion was left at the top,
and although breakages were few during the re-
mainder of my charge, repairs were easily and
rapidly made and without having to mount the
roof. Little difference as to escape of heat was
noticed at the time, but I am under the impression
that a careful test would result in favor of the
grooving system. Green Cove Springs, Fla.

THE GOOD ECONOMY OF GAS TAR.

BY A. R. STARR.

Having read several articles in the Monthly
in regard to the injurious effect of gas tar on hot-
water pipes, also the one in the March number
from the Superintendent of Government Grounds,
of Ottawa, Canada, I think the writers wrong in
warning all never to use gas tar in any connection
whatever in greenhouses, as I consider the proper
use of it a great saving in the building and repair
of houses, and will give you my experience in sup-
port of my belief. First, will state my houses are
bank houses, the walls being of stone and about
level with the ground, the sill of wood resting on
the wall. Five years ago I rebuilt one house that
had been built four years ; the sill ends of rafter,
also rail of sash resting on the sill, were rotten.
Having seen the effect of gas tar in preserving
wood when exposed to dampness, I determined
to try it ; having my frames prepared before plac-
ing it, I gave the sill ends of rafters, also lower
rail of sash, two heavy coats of hot tar ; building
new benches I treated the ends of posts and the
bottom of benches, — in short, all the wood where
moisture was liable to remain, — the same, and to-
day, after five years, the parts thus treated are
apparently as sound as ever. Since then I have
used it in repairing of benches and keeping it on
hand for that purpose, have never experienced
detriment from its use, and after two or three
days all traces of unpleasant odor disappear. I
would say that in connection with the tar I give it
a heavy sprinkling of coarse sand. I am satisfied

138

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

that the use of it has saved me many dollars as
well as much hard labor. 1 can readily under-
stand that it might injure by being on the heating
pipes where the heat was sufficient to melt or burn
it off, but if used as I have mentioned there is no
danger, and it is certainly a great saving in time
and money in the building and repair of houses.
Joliet, Ills., March 15th, 1885.
[It is too often the case that evils incident to
the use of an article, obscure the real good it may
do. The worst decay in lumber comes from fun-
gus, or as some would say dry or wet rot. But
this fungus cannot grow when gas tar is present.
Mr. Starr makes a good point here for gas tar.
But it must also be remembered that the dark
color of tar absorbs heat, and therefore tar is only
a preservative when it is used in the shade. A
tarred fence or a tarred roof will not last as long
as one untarred, because the sun's heat really
chars the wood, and causes it to crumble very
fast. The charring is worse than fungus. For
fence posts underground, as well as for the pur-
poses noted by our correspondent, gas tar is a
very useful article. — Ed. G. M.]

FLORAL NOTES FROM NEW ORLEANS.
BY M. H. LESTER.

I wish some benevolent person would send me
for love or money (1 have abundance of both) a
plant of Lasiandra macrantha, var. floribunda. I
have L. macrantha, but this life is almost too short
to wait for it to get strong enough to bloom.

If there be such a thing as a poor Cattleya, 1
should call Triana one. It is such a great, over-
grown looking flower. I have two others in bloom
along side, one a variety of the labiate section,
and the other C. Eldorado ; both, I think, better
colored and marked ; still, Triana is very inter-
esting.

I grow several Francisceas — namely, Hopeana,
latifolia, macrantha, and calycina major ; the latter
is the best of all. The flowers are 3 to 4 inches
across ; good dark blue, changing to rose ; of
good substance, and the most admired of any-
thing I have in bloom at present.

The first season we had Clematis coccinea, I
waited all summer for the flower buds to open.
Now, I think my Pavonia Wrightii is going to act
the same way ; it has been covered with buds for
the past two months. I can not see any beauty in
such miserable things.

I believe if there be any plants that never do
bloom I get them all. Now is the first time

Toxicophelia spectabilis has bloomed on this

place ; the flower is not conspicuous, but it fills the
house with perfume.

A number of articles were published in the
Monthly some years ago ; I believe, under or
over the heading of " Recollections of a Cactus
Man." I am sorry 1 was not in a position to save
my copies. Have those articles ever been published
in book form ? If not, they ought to be. But few
people will ever realize how little they know about
Cactuses, until they visit the Mexican exhibit at
Horticultural Hall, and also that of T. H. Wisher,
of Texas, for which have been awarded 10 first
prizes. Those collections embrace some speci-
mens that would grace any exhibit in the world ;
and every inch of space occupied by them is full
of interest. I believe embrace is not the proper
word to use with respect to Cactuses.

There are between two and three hundred
varieties in the exhibits, all the way in size from a
button up to more than one could get their arms
around.

The exhibit of Agaves is also very complete. I
noticed a beautiful specimen of A. Shawii coming
into bloom.

In connection with the exhibit from Jamaica, in
Horticultural Hall, there is also an exhibit of great
interest in the Main Building, including roots and
herbs used for medicinal purposes, manufactured
articles from native fiber of different plants ; ladies
and gentlemen's hats made from a variety of
Carludovica, that for style and finish get ahead of
anything in the Tuscan or Panama line. I take
the liberty of sending you by this mail a tuber of
Exocgonium purga, or Ipomcea Jalapa.
Gardener to Prof. Richardson, New Orleans, La.

ENCOURAGE WINDOW GARDENING.

BY T. BENNETT.

Whenever you make reference to window gar-
dening, as you often do, I am very much pleased.
When we walk along the streets of our cities and
inadvertently give a glance at a few well-cared-for,
well-kept flowers blooming in a window, one forms
a good opinion of the inmates; especially of the
good lady of the house. We naturally say : "There
is a good exhibition of taste," .'vnd good taste im-
plies refinement of manners. Occasionally the
vicious love flowers — but usually all the virtues
that can bless a happy home arc found where flow-
ers evidently love to dwell.

Here, too, is the source from which our city
florist derives his principal compensation and re-

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

139

turn for the many months of watchful care be-
stowed upon his young plants, till he sees them
coming into bloom.

The love of flowers and plants inspires a taste
for all that is beautiful in nature. Children in gen-
eral love flowers and should be encouraged in
their love, and be taught how to grow and care
for them. Anything grown by them obtains a par-
ticular charm, only known to themselves. How
many seeds are thrown away by children thought-
lessly, that would to them be very interesting when
partially grown. After eating a delicious peach,
the stone should be planted three or four inches
deep in the ground, and the next year will de-
light the young eyes of the planter to see the
young peach tree growing nicely. Young fig
plants may be raised from most of the figs sold in
the stores by sowing in any old vessel partly filled
with fine rich earth, and will make interesting
plants. And nearly every seed of the date, that
children love so much, will grow and in a few
years make a pretty little palm tree (Phoenix dacty-
lifera). Lemon and orange seeds will also grow,
when planted in the spring, and form very interest-
ing plants — but of course these young orange, fig,
and palm trees being natives of warm climes,
must be brought into the house in winter, and will
make a variety among the window plants, and
though not very showy will be interesting to the
growers and encourage their taste for plants ; very
much from the fact of growing them themselves.

With children a fanciful idea is often as great as

the reality, giving as much real pleasure ; and their

taste in this way should be encouraged. When

young Miss Lucy sees her palm tree growing she

calls in all her playmates to see it and partake of

her joy, and she goes jumping around in an

ecstacy of delight, not perhaps knowing that that

young palm tree may live several generations. Its

longevity is said to be very great.

And Lucy's child, and gr.indchild too.
In coming years with pride noav view ;
And many a visit fondly plan'd
To see the plant from grandma's hand.

Nearly every cocoanut sold in the shops will
grow and form a pretty palm tree which when
grown is called the Cocos. but these require the
care of the experienced gardener, must be grown
in strong moist heat, and are well adapted to
adorn our greenhouses and conservatories.

Ckambersburg, Trenton, N. J.

[This very suggestive letter of Mr. Bennett we
give with pleasure. Much satisfaction has been
had from memorial trees, planted at certain dates
in honor of certain events. But it is not always

in season or convenient to plant a tree. A seed
which might, as Mr. Bennett says, be carelessly
thrown away, might be sowed on some particular
occasion, and the young plant become a constant
memorial for several generations. — Ed. G. M,]

TO MAKE HANGING BASKETS.

BY A. G. LEWIS.

For years I have made very beautiful hanging
baskets in the following way : I take a stick as
thick as my wrist and 18 inches long. To the
stick I fasten a handle 4 inches from each end of
the stick. I use very strong wire for the handle.
When the handle is secure I commence rolling
and tying moss around the stick until I get it
entirely covered, of a nice shape, and about 8
inches thick, slightly tapering off at both ends.
Then I secure to it old roots. That being done, I
finish by again adding one or two layers more of
moss. The plants I prefer are Begonias, of the
Rex varieties. Those who have the means of
cultivating Orchids would find the above a suc-
cessful way for most of their varieties, not only on
account of the success in growing and blooming
them, but the advantage in using the baskets in
decorating in the house, as they can be hung, say
for an evening, in a bay window or such situation
as would be deemed best. Youngstown, Ohio.

COAL TAR ON HOT. WATER PIPES.

BY THOMAS LAWRANCE.

I have heretofore given my only experience in
removing coal tar from hot-water pipes without
burning them. I will re-state that the pipes in
question were painted with tar from the gas works
here. A wash made with six pounds of potash to
about ten gallons of water was applied with a
swab boiling hot. The stuff left the pipes in inky
blackness, and by going over them two or three
times were left as clean as when first cast; and
there has never been a trace of tar in the house in
all these years since. The pipes are ordinary 4
inch cast iron, in lengths about 5 feet, called soil
pipe; made by J. L. Mott, N. Y.

Ogdensburg, N. Y.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Platvcerium GRANDE. — The creature we
figure is not a mollusk but a fern. It is remark-
ably like a shell fish however, and the illusion has
been favored by its owner planting it in a large

140

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

shell, suspended in his conservatory. It is cus-
tomary to call the green blades which come out
from the crown and spread like huge ears around
the base, barren fronds. They are, it is true, al-
ways barren, but the erect growths are also very
often barren, though the spores when they appear
are towards the ends of these erect fronds. It is
known as the Elk's-horn fern, the erect fronds not
unhke horns of the Elk. This is especially true
of the older and more common species, Platy-
cerium alcicorne. The species here figured is a
much rarer plant, the erect fronds are not as
deeply divided as in the common one.

It was a good thought to plant it in a shell.

marked degree a tendency or disposition to make
blind instead of flowering wood, and I venture
the inquiry, doesn't the practice of propagating
from blind shoots make the matter worse than it
would be were the young plants struck from
flowering shoots? My practice has been to strike
all the blind wood, and thereby get as many buds
as possible, and I incline to the belief that this
practice is general among florists, for I have talked
with a number this winter and they all do the
same way as myself with any new or scarce
varieties.

I think that this trait or habit to make blind
wood can be transmitted to the progeny of a rose.

Platycerium grande.

Our engraving is from a photograph kindly com-
municated by Mr. Henry C. Gibson of Phila-
delphia, in whose beautiful conservatory the plant
is growing.

Another Rose coming to America. — It is
said that " Her Majesty," another of Mr. Ben-
nett's, has been bought by Mr Evans of Phila-
delphia, for $2,500.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Tendency of Sunset Rose to make Blind
Shoots.— Mr. A. Williams, Sharon, Pa., writes:
"This winter my Sunset roses have shown in a

or any other plant, by continually propagating
from such blind wood. If like begets like, why
not in a rose as well as other things ?

Let some of the older heads, who have made
the rose a specialty, enlighten the readers of the
Monthly en this subject. It may be that I am
alone in this complaint, but I think I am not, as I
have seen a good many beds of Simset this winter
and there were too many blind shoots in all of
them."

Yellow Double O.xalis. — W. P. Simmons &
Co., Geneva, Ohio, say : " We notice in the two
last numbers of the Monthly articles on the
Double Oxalis. Believing this refers to the one
offered in our catalogue, we would say we pur-

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

141

chased our stock of a florist in Indiana, as a new
double yellow variety named lutea plena, which
from the description given us of the color and
size of flowers we were led to believe was an en-
tirely new and distinct variety. Our first plants
bloomed with us during the past few days ; the
flowers are of large size, and nearly the same in
color as chrysanthemum Mr. Geo. Glenny, and
quite double. We are tempted to believe, as Mr.
Slocombe says, it is Cernua plena, nevertheless it
is a very pretty little plant."

The Bridal Rose, Blackberry. — Mr. John F.
Clark says: "I send you flower of the 'Bridal

Rose,' Rubus rosaefolius. This plant I consider
well worthy of cultivation, yet it is rarely met with
nowadays. I am sure the florists could use this to
advantage. It is a profuse bloomer. The flowers
are pure white, very double, and as large as a
Camellia. At this date I could cut from a plant
in 9-inch pot from seventy-five to a hundred
flowers."

[This is the new form introduced of late years,
and much superior to the old one that has been in
cultivation for nearly a century. A well-grown
plant like this of Mr. Clark's must be a beautiful
object.— Ed. G. M.]

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

The most paramount question with the fruit gar-
dener is the destruction of insects. We have to
confess to a belief that all schemes for their whole-
sale destruction have proved failures, and that
our best hope is in their individual destruction.
The different kinds of moths and flies may be en-
trapped by the thousand, in a persevering employ-
ment of wide mouthed bottles of sweet liquids
hung about the trees. The curculio, whose most
tempting allurements do not lie like moths in the
way of sweet food, but in finding a nice juicy
nidus for the deposit of eggs wherewith to per-
petuate its species, can be slain by the hundreds,
by perseverance in the shaking process. A snag,
made by sawing off a small branch a few inches
from the main trunk of the tree, should be secured
on each, on the point of which to hammer, —
otherwise the bark of the tree would be irrepara-
bly injured. With a sheet spread under the tree,
and a sharp, quick jar with the hammer, all the
pests then on the tree may be secured and de-
stroyed. They are rather lazily inclined, but still
a few will come from your neighbor's trees ; but
a few jarrings occasionally will keep them down.
E.\perience has shown that this course, which
only demands a little labor, is much more effectual
than the thousand schemes that have been de-
vised for hanging various charms about the
branches, and then kneeling down and crying on
Hercules for assistance.

When, however, the plum tree grows stout, even
the snag plan of jarring is not wholly successful,
and the Geneva plan of having a padded end to a
long pole — a sort of crutch — by which the larger
branches are jarred over the sheet, is found a
great improvement.

If large fruit is wanted thinning assists. Straw-
berries are increased in size by watering in a dry
time. Fruit should be allowed to bear only ac-
cording to their strength. If a transplanted tree
grows freely it may bear a few fruits, — but bear in
mind growth and great fruitfulness are antagonis-
tic processes.

Handsome forms are as desirable in fruit as in
ornamental trees. No winter pruning will do this
exclusively. It may furnish the skeleton — but it
is summer pinching which clothes the bones with
beauty. A strong shoot soon draws all its nutri-
ment to itself. Never allow one shoot to grow
that wants to be bigger than others. Equality
must be insisted on. Pinch out always, as soon as
they appear, such as would push too strongly
ahead — and keep doing so till the new buds seem
no stronger than the others. Thus the food gets
equally distributed.

Where water can be commanded, there is noth-
ing so profitable as to well soak the soil about
small fruits ; first about the time that they have
set their fruit. Much of the value of this opera-
tion, however, will depend on the nature of the
soil. The advantages are least in a tenacious,
and greatest in porous soil. It is said that an ani-

143

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

mal derives most benefit from food when it is hun-
gry before it begins to eat ; it is certainly so with
plants. Water applied to soil already wet is an
injury; and water never has so telling an advan-
tage on vegetation as when every leaf is about to
wither up for the want of it. A plant that never
seems to want water is in a very doubtful condi-
tion in regard to its health.

In all the best specimens of small fruit or vege-
table gardening, however, special efforts are made
to see that the soil is not tenacious. Under drain-
ing is excellent where water does not run readily
away.

In summer pruning or disbudding, it is also worth
while to watch for shoots pushing stronger than
others, and always take them out. This is the
only way that shoots of equal strength can be en-
couraged in every part of the tree. This is par-
ticularly true of grapevines. If a shoot once get
the start of the others in strength and vigor, the
others will gradually get weaker to the other's
increasing luxuriance.

As to the best system of pruning grapes, there
are several " schools," all contending that their
views are "decidedly best." In such cases we have
generally found there is much to admire in them
all — situations and peculiar circumstances decid-
ing the point in each individual instance. There
are a few points incontrovertible to insure success,
and it matters little what system of pruning is fol-
lowed, so that they are secured. First, a healthy
set of roots of the previous year's growth is essen-
tial to produce vigorous start of growth the year
following. Secondly, after starting, these roots
can only be kept vigorous by encouraging an
abundance of healthy foliage, to be retained on
the vine as long as possible. Thirdly, the leaves
of the first growth are at least of double the value
to the plant than those from secondary or lateral
shoots ; they should, therefore, be carefully
guarded from injury. Fourthly, checking the
strong-growing shoots strengthens the weaker ones,
equalizes the flow of sap to every part of the vine,
and insures regular and harmonious action be-
tween all the parts. Any system that secures this,
does all that is necessary for the general health
and vigor of the vine ; and where some special ob-
jects are desirable, such as dwarfing, particularly
early bearing, productiveness at the expense of
longevity, special means must be employed to
bring them about.

In the cultivation of garden crops, the hoe and
rake should be continually at work. Weeds
should be taken in hand before they are barely

out of the seed-leaf, and one-half the usual labor
of vegetable gardening will be avoided. Hoeing
or earthing up of most garden crops is of immense
advantage in nearly every case. One would sup-
pose that in our hot climate fiat culture would be
much more beneficial ; but a fair trial, say on
every other row of a bed of cabbages, will show
a great difference in favor of the earthed-up plants.
It would be easy to explain the reason of this,
but in this column we try to confine ourselves to
" hints," and leave reasons to our other depart-
ments.

In sowing seeds it is well to remember that
though the soil should be deep and finely pulver-
ized, a loose condition is unfavorable to good
growth. After the seeds are sown, a heavy rolling
would be a great advantage. The farmer knows
this, and we have often wondered that the practice
never extended to garden work.

COMMUNICATIONS.

DIMINISHED CROPS THROUGH INJURY
TO FOLIAGE.

BY JAMES HUNTER.

Last season I had rather a singular experience
in trying to raise a few peas for family use. On
the night of the 29th of May we had a very severe
frost, so much so indeed, that the ground was
frozen to the depth of 2 or 3 inches. I had plant-
ed Henderson's First of All, Laxton's Alpha,
Champion of England and American Wonder.
The first three had been bushed and were about
18 inches high when the frost killed the buds that
had begun to make quite a good show for fruit.
The American Wonder were in the same condition,
the vines remained green, (except here and there
a leaf could be seen that had turned yellow,) but
looked as if their growth had been stunted and
remained so for several days. I watched them
closely during this time to see what the effect of
the frost would be, was about getting disgusted
with them and was going to pull them all
up and throw them away ; but while examining
them one day, I found that the American Wonder
was sprouting at the roots, and in a few days I
noticed that the others had begun to grow again.
The new branches on the American Wonder
blossomed and I had about one quarter as many
peas as there should have been. The First of All
and Alphas gave me more than half a crop, and
Champions nearly a full crop, not having been so

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

«43

much injured by the frost as the others ; but oh,
didn't they mildew though. I said they bore
nearly a full crop; well, so they did, but one- third
of them could not be used.

I had also turned out some corn which I had
raised in pots in my hot-bed. I covered this corn
with flower pots, and when I uncovered it I found
that nearly half of it was completely killed by
the frost ; on examination I found that where
the flower pots had not touched the ground all the
way around, the corn was not frozen. This was
the case with tomato plants, squashes and beans,
that had been covered in the same way. Can this
be accounted for by there being a free circulation
of air inside the flower pots, being at the same
time protected from the frost ? Nature gives us
some queer things to think about sometimes, and
if we profit by them we may be able to protect
ourselves and our plants also, from a great many
ills which might otherwise befall us.

I also had some very fine cauliflower and cab-
bage plants set out, and were growing nicely ; the
frost killed the cauliflower but the cabbage plants
were very little injured. Beets, onions, carrots,
&c., were not injured. GUndale, Mass.

[This is a very interesting piece of experience,
and yet is in the line of similar observations which
have been reduced to an axiom, that whatever
tends to injure the growing foliage, tends to re-
duce the vital powers of a plant. — Ed. G. M.]

was the Newtown pippin, when planted, but
twenty-five years ago the writer cut off the tops
and grafted it to Tewksbury Winter Blush. This
j tree is still living, is in a healthy condition and
bore last year, but not a full crop.

Falls Church, Va., March 6th, 1885.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY BUSHELS
OF APPLES FROM ONE TREE.

BY D. O. MUNSON.

In your December number a correspondent
reports an apple tree bearing forty-three bushels of
apples in one year, and in your March number
Mr. N. S. Piatt calls attention to a tree in Cheshire,
Conn., of unusual size which had produced over
one hundred bushels in one year. The writer of
this remembers a tree standing on the farm of
P. S. Dodge, Montgomery Co., Md., eleven miles
north of Washington, D. C, that bore in the year
1859, one hundred and twenty bushels of apples.
The fruit ripened in September, and was good for
cooking and tolerably good eating when fully ripe.
I did not know the variety and it was probably a
seedhng ; the tree was of immense size with several
branches as large as an ordinary apple tree. I
also know another tree planted forty years ago on
a part of the Munson Hill farm, now owned by
Judge J. H. Gray, Falls Church, Va., that bore in
one year seventy bushels of apples. This tree

NOTES FROM ZANESVILLE.

BY .K. J. M.

Seventeen degrees below zero has killed all the
peaches and most varieties of grapes. Catawbas,
Hartfords, Nortons, Brightons, Jeffersons, and
even the white Concord seedlings, Martha, Lady
Belinda, Antonette, Eva, the buds are mostly
killed, while Worden is not. Rogers Hybrids are
all killed. Concords and Delawares and Ives are
not hurt much. It was quite severe on shrubbery.
The Japan Snowball (V. plicatum) and roses are
killed to the snow line. Magnolia buds are injured.
Rhododendrons are browned in leaf and bud.
Some of the broad leaved varieties of Retinosporas
are browned, while erioides and plumosa are not.
I have a Lawson cypress, 6 (t., that is hardy, the
only one not killed several years ago.

The Japan Maples I have, — stand the hottest
sun, dryest summer, and coldest winter. They
stand the sun as well as Schweidleri at least, and
no place is complete without them. I find Azalea
Mollis quite tender ; it has to be shaded and
watered in summer and protected in winter. The
Ghents are hardy.

Grape Rot. — There is not much use in giving
remedies for it, unless you know what the disease
is. Two or three diseases are called rot, that no
more resemble decay than blight or mildew. The
most prevalent disease in this section, Phoma uvi-
cola is called " rot." This spore has destroyed
hundreds of tons of grapes in this section without
regard to soil or methods of culture. Nothing
short of protection from moisture will prevent it.
It is on the wild grapes in the tree tops. There is
another spore that affects the stems and fruit, that
is called mildew or mottled rot. This affects the
Catawba mostly, while Concords are exempt. This
like the Uvicola is a wet weather bird.

White Grapes. — There is just a little senseless
mania in regard to white grapes. That color or
want of color is no more desirable in grapes than
in peaches and apples. Last year the Martha and
Lady were not so salable in some markets as the
Concord, and did not bring half as much in the
Chicago market as the Delaware. Some wanted
the Martha and Lady. At present I want neither

144

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

and what I have left will be grubbed up in the
spring. In some fifteen varieties of white grapes
that I am acquainted with, not one, even the
Prentiss or Duchess, would I plant an acre of if the
vines were given me. If the Empire State is no
better than the Bacchus — and one who ought to
know, told me it was not so good — I would sooner
plant and eat Bacchus if it is best and cheapest.

Large bunch and berries do not seem desirable
in a table grape. Not one bunch in five tons of
Delawares, as I grow it, will weigh more than 6
ounces, yet they sell much belter than Rogers,
twice the size. Delaware grapes and Seckel
pears are large enough to sell, and I happen to be
interested in a few acres of each. Erie Co., O.

[This letter was written early in March. It
would be interesting to know at this date whether
the peach buds remained killed. We had a very
healthy summer and autumn and vegetation had
the chance to lay up a good stock of vital force.
Consequently, though we had one of the most
severe winters known to our venerable friend the
oldest inhabitant, vegetation has been compara-
tively uninjured. Rarely indeed have we got
through with only such slightlosses. Eventhe Japan
Euonymus has all its leaves green and good. — Ed.
G. M.]

EMPIRE STATE GRAPE.
BY MANSFIELD MILTON.

The veteran grape-grower, G. W. Campbell,
had on e.xhibition at the last Ohio State Fair,
several bunches of the Empire State Grape, and
judging from its appearance it is a splendid grape.
The fruit is the best shade of white of any grape
I have yet seen. It has but very little yellow,
having a thick, white bloom covering the berries.

Mr. C. told me this is without doubt the finest
white grape he has seen, and if it does as well in
other localities as it has in its home, ^he sooner it
is disseminated the better. It is one of J. H.
Ricketts' seedlings, and said to be perfectly hardy,
enduring with impunity the winter of 1882-S3,
one of the earliest in ripening its fruit. It will
be a good companion for Hartford and Moore's
Early.

THE INSECT PROBLEM.
BY G. O.NDERDONK.

On reading the chapter by Mr. T. Bennett in the
March number of the Monthly, I am led to offer
your readers a scrap of my own experience. All
Southern cultivators are aware that cotton seed is

a very active and efficient manure. But I have
never yet fallen in with any published experiences
concerning its value in the extermination of the
insect pests of the soil. I manured a plot very
heavily with it. On every side of the manured
spot the cut worm destroyed every plant, while
on the manured ground not one worm of any
kind was to be found. I attribute the result to the
oil of the cotton seed used. We all know that
any oil is obnoxious if not fatal to some forms of
insect and reptile life.

I have not investigated the extent to which this
is true, but I suspect that here is a field for ex-
ploration extensive in its range, interesting in its
nature, and profitable in final results. 1 therefore
present the fact of my experience in a single case,
and throw out a hint which I hope will be taken
by enterprising experimenters.

Victoria, Texas, Mcirch 2^th, iSSj.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Cold Water to Kill Insects.— Perhaps no
more useful hint was ever given than that in one
of the early volumes of our magazine, that water
warmed to 130° would kill insects. A hint prob-
ably of equal value has now been given in the
Rural New Yorker by Professor Riley, that ice
water will kill the cabbage worm. It seems
reasonable, and will no doubt have a wide trial on
this and other tender-skinned creatures.

The Japan Plum. — This remarkable fruit,
noticed some time ago from fruit received from
California through Mr. Kelsey, is attracting a
more than usual share of attention from English,
German and French growers. The plum, of all
fruits, seems to be at home in Northern Europe.

The Niagara White Grape. — This compara-
tively new grape, which we have on several occa-
sions noticed favorably, seems to be well-appre-
ciated by all who have so far tasted it. The
coming season will doubtless be regarded as
furnishing a full test. The owners have risked a
great deal on it in the firm belief that it is one of
the best ever offered.

The Comet Pear. — Mr. Caywood complains
that a pear which grew on a neighbor's farm, and
which with that owner's knowledge and tacit con-
sent he named Comet, has been distributed by
another firm as the Lawson.

Early Canada Peach. — Peche precoce du
Canada — says the Revue Horticole—\<i2A intro-

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

145

duced last year by M. Boucher of Paris, and
besides being ten days earlier than the Amsden,
has a wholly free stone. So far the objection to all
these early peaches has been that the stones are
partially clingy.

A First-class Pea. — According to English
authorities a first-class pea should yield 12 peas
in one pod. Of course quality will come in as one
good point, and an abundance of pods is essential.

American Blackberries in England. — It has
at length been discovered by the Old World folks
that there is something in American blackberries,
and Wilson Junior is being pushed with great
spirit there.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Japan Quince for Preserves. — Dr. Green
writes: " A contributor to your Monthly lauds
the Japanese quince as a cooking fruit. I had a
thorough test made of its cooking qualities many
years ago, and found the product tough, and hav-
ing the taste of varnish. But it is probable that
the Japan quince has several varieties of fruit;
and it is certain that in point of size the fruit is
quite various, if we compare different tastes."

[Undoubtedly there are varieties, as there
would be among apples, pears, or other cousins of
this Japan quince. — Ed G. M.]

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

OLD AND LARGE TREES.
BY REV. L. J. TEMPLIN.

There is something awe-inspiring in the presence
of a tree of great age and colossal dimensions.
There is an elevating grandeur in the view of the
lofty mountain whose storm-furrowed summit
penetrates the very regions of the clouds, and
which wears a perpetual crown of glistening snow.
But the impresssions in such a presence are those
of stupendous power and enduring existence.
But when we stand in the shadow of a monarch
of the vegetable world, and look up to its spreading
branches, and waving leaves, the feeling inspired
is not so much of awe and grandeur, as of ad-
miration and reverence. A tree is a living being,
and to look upon one that has wrestled with the
storms, drank in the dews, and waved its green j
leaves in the sunlight of centuries, or even thou-
sands of years, awakens feelings akin to sympathy
and admiration. And if it be one of these
patriarchs that have survived the generations of
trees as well as men ; one in whose shade the aged ^
people of a score of generations have talked of the
past, the vigorous have talked and planned of the |
future, and the children have played regardless of
all but the present enjoyment, an undefinable con-
viction steals into our hearts that we are standing

in the presence of the embodied past. We feel
like taking off our hat in reverence to these illus-
trious examples of vegetable longevity. Such
being the case it does not seem strange when we
are told that, "The groves were God's first tem-
ples ;" and that the ancient idolators were wont to
build their altars in sacred groves, and that even in
more recent times the Druids should have chosen
the grand oak forests for the performance of their
religious rites.

Some of these ancient oaks under which the
priests of this mysterious religion probably wor-
shiped and offered up their bloody sacrifices, are
still standing and enjoying a venerable, but green
old age. An oak tree that stands in Clipson Park
is over 1,500 years old, having been known before
the Norman Conquest. The Shire oak, whtise
shadow falls on three different shires, covers with
its foliage 780 square yards. The largest oak in
England is at Calthorpe in Yorkshire. It measures
at the base 78 feet in circumference. France
boasts of some very large oaks ; one of which is
found near the village of Champrasay, and is 18
feet in circumference. The oak of Allanville is 30
feet in circumference and over 900 years old. But
these are mere saplings compared with the oak of
Mantravail, which is certainly 1,500, but most
likely 2,000 years old. It has a diameter of 30
feet and a circumference of more than 90 feet.

146

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

The Chestnut also furnishes some illustrious ex-
amples of great size and longevity. One near
Lake Geneva is 46 feet in circumference, and is
supposed to be a stunted specimen at that, having
been struck several times with lightning. Some
of the chestnut trees on Mt. .-Etna are 36 feet in
diameter. But the tree of this species found in
that locality is 160 feet in circumference, and has
an opening through it at the base large enough
to allow two carriages to be driven through it
abreast.

The Linden also attains to a great age. One at
Neustadt, in Wurtemburg, was an old tree in 1229.
Its crown of branches is 400 feet in circumference ;
is divided into two great branches, one of which
was broken off by a storm more than a century
ago ; the other one is 1 10 feet in length. A tree
of this species standing near Freiburg is 40 feet in
circumference, 75 feet high, and was a noted tree
as early as 1476. One at Prilly, near Lausanne,
was so large 500 years ago that court was held in
its shade. The Yew tree is sometimes remarka-
ble for age. One at Foullebec, in France, is es-
timated at 1200 years, and one in Scotland is more
than 3000 years old.

Near Trans, on the upper Rhine, stands a syca-
more tree 28 feet in circumference, under which a
conference was held to organize a Republic in
1424. The Plane tree of Godfrey of Bouillon, is
claimed to be the most gigantic vegetable organ-
ism in existence. Its mass of foliage rises more
than 180 feet in height, and is 340 feet in circum-
ference. This tree, or rather forest, consists of a
double trunk that measures 35 feet round, then a
space of 15 feet burned out, then a single trunk
17 feet in circumference, then a group of six
trunks united in one measuring 70 feet in circum-
ference.

The Baobab is one of the most remarkable trees
that grow. It is not unusual for them to measure
70 to 77 feet around and often reach 100, and they
do not get their growth till 800 years of age. The
age of some of them has been estimated at 5000
to 6000 years, which would carry them back be-
yond the time of Noah's flood, according to com-
mon chronology. These large trunks are fre-
quently hollow, some having cavities large enough
to hold 225 to 250 men.

The Dragon tree is another tree remarkable for
size. One on the Island of Teneriffe measured,
■nearly 100 years ago, 45 feet in circumference. 1
But the same tree was measured in 1402 and was ,
just as large then as it is now. Among the colos- '
sal trees of the world the Eucalyptus of Australia

stands almost the first. They are often 300 feet
high and 25 to 33 feet in diameter. Our own
country is not noted for mammoth trees except in
one case. I remember when a boy often passing
an oak tree that stood nearly a mile south-east of
the point where the corners of Henry and Dela-
ware counties in Indiana join the line of Randolph
county. This tree was nine feet in diameter.
Some years ago I heard it had been made into
rails. A gentleman told me that in the early part
of this century he saw a family living in the hollow
of a sycamore tree in the valley of the Ohio river
in southern Indiana. The hollow measured 18
feet across in the center. Our giant redwoods of
California are too well known to need describing
here. One that was felled some 30 years ago was
450 feet high and 120 feet in circumference ; and
being the biggest tree in the world it may well
close this article. Canon City, Col.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

A Live Wooden Fence. — A large land-holder
in England has planted an immense fruit farm,
40,000 plum trees being one of the items set out.
In order to make a perfect thief-proof fence, he
has surrounded the farm with cotton-wood poplars
set only a foot and a half apart. By the time the
fruit trees are in bearing the trunks of the trees
will touch each other. Then he proposes to head
them off 18 feet from the ground, and keep the
sprouts cut back to this point every two or three
years thereafter. In this way he expects to have
a living wall 18 feet high, that will at least last as
long as the fruit trees in the orchard last.

Forest Commission in California.- — This
State has established a forest commission and voted
them $5,000 for two years. We shall probably
learn at the end of that period that the forests of
California are rapidly disappearing before fire and
the axe, and that " unless something is done Cali-
fornia will become a howling wilderness." It will
be worth #5,000 to learn this very interesting fact.

Wood of the Butternut Tree.— Quite a de-
mand has sprung up for the Butternut wood for
making wooden shoes. These shoes are coming
into extensive use in breweries and other industrial
establishments where the floors are damp. They
are much warmer than the best leather-soled shoes
under such circumstances, and have not the
oppressive condensation of moisture characteristic
of gum.

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

147

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

NIGELLA DAMASCENA.

BY T. S. G.

Under this title a correspondent in April
G.4RDENERS' Monthly says the seeds of Nigella
are used in flavoring bread and refers to the
"ragged lady" as the common name. The N.
sativa was in somewhat common culture in this
part of New England fifty or sixty years ago under
the name of "garden spice " or " nutmeg flower."
The seeds were of a brownish color, abundant,
and used for flavoring apple pies and cakes. The
flowers are less conspicuous than those of the
Damascena, yet it still is more worthy of a place
in a collection than many of the new-comers.
Don's Gardeners' Dictionary says ; "Formerly the
seeds of N. sativa were much in use as a car-
minative stimulant and errhine, but this medicine
is becoming deservedly obsolete. They are still
used in some parts of Germany and Asia, in
cookery, instead of spice, being a pleasant aromatic.
They are said to be extensively used in the
adulteration of pepper, as well as those of N.
arvensis. The leaves are also sometimes used."
He calls it the "Cultivated Fennel Flower," and
gives the year 1 548 as first record of its cultivation.

I well remember this plant as cultivated in the
garden of my mother and grandmother, and it
always formed a part of the stock of garden seeds
which were always home-grown.

IVest Cornwall, Conn.

PEACH DISEASES.

BY LORIN BLODGET.

I cut away to-day the last of the peach trees I
held to be of priceless value, the seedling October
Clings, that have borne crops of ample proportions
from 1868 to 1883, failing last year completely.
This one tree has a cross section of 1 1 inches, 2
feet from the surface, and its largest branch a
diameter of 7 inches, 10 feet from the ground. Its
spread was 14 to 18 feet east and south, and about
28 feet in height. There were five of these great
fruited October Clings, almost equal in size,
and for twelve years bearing three to six bushels
each — this one, more on several occasions. All

were seedlings of a fine basket of late peaches
planted in 1865. This tree never showed the
cluster growth of feeble side shoots, nor ever bore
a sickly peach. It died slowly, a grim, but use-
less resistance to this deadly yellows.

I see Prof. Penhallow's paper in the State report
for 1883, full, but not quite satisfactory as an ex-
planation, but better as a description of the pro-
gress of the peach-killing disease called the yel-
lows. I believe that an ample supply of wood
ashes would have done good in the early stages,
but muriate of potash does not assimilate until
chemically disintegrated. I have tried in vain to
get wood ashes, and have not therefore given that
method a trial. I kept peach trees in vigor on my
farm for fifty years after their planting in i8i6, by
ample dressing of wood ashes twice a year; but
they were not the giant trees that grow in this cli-
mate, nor even their crops more than a bushel to
a tree. I never expect to see such trees or crops
again as mine here gave me from 1869 to 1881.
They were in abundant bearing at three years
from the seed, and they yielded thirty to fifty
bushels at the lowest, yearly, for twenty-five to
thirty trees. I was confident that fertilization by
ordinary methods would save them, but it did not,
and I have cut up their saw-log trunks at intervals
for the past year. Philadelphia, March 2jth.

[A very interesting communication as showing
that the peach tree at any age, or under any cir-
cumstances, is liable to "Yellows." As Mr. B. re-
marks. Professor Penhallow's excellent paper is
not wholly satisfactory. The " yellows " is be-
lieved to arise from a want of potash in the soil, as
we understand, because the wood of such trees
shows a deficiency in the quantity found in a
healthy tree. That Prof. P. is correct in his diag-
noses no one who knows the care and patient in-
vestigation he gives to any topic he takes up for
investigation will for a moment doubt; but those
of us who have had a wide experience know that
the yellows often appears in soils that abound in
potash ; either the mineral potash that abounds in
feldspathic soils, or that derived from former vegeta-
ble organisms. Indeed, the surest road to the yellows
is to plant a peach tree near an old wood pile or
in a piece of recently cleared forest ground. It
seems to us that the deficiency noted by Prof. Pen-

148

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

hallow in diseased wood comes from the inability
of the tree, from the disease, to make use of pot-
ash, rather than from its absence in the soil. The
" yellows " in fact is a case of vegetable indiges-
tion.—Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Hybrid Potatoes. — Mr. Thomas Laxton, well-
known as a successful hybridist, and the origi-
nator of some fine crosses among peas, has under-
taken to cross potatoes with other species of the
genus Solanum, and has already had some
remarkable results. There is evidently a wide
field for useful discovery in the hybridizing line.

Herbarium of Mr. Howard Shriver, Wythe-
viLLE, Va.— Mr. Shriver has published for free
distribution a catalogue of his herbarium, "first, as
I desire to sell the herbarium ; second, that botanists
may have some idea of the Flora." It will be a
rare chance for some college, society, or enthusi-
astic individual to get a good start with such a
complete collection.

Solanum Lemmonii. — The French have de-
cided that the new tuberous potato which Mr.
Lemmon, in our columns last year, believed might
be a new species, really deserves that honor, and
Mr. Blanchard describes it in the February num-
ber of the Revue Horticole as Solanum Lemmonii.

Anthurium splendidum. — It is said that Alex-
ander wept after he had conquered the whole
world, because there were no more nations left to
conquer. Those who are marching out to conquer
nature, and to become possessed of a knowledge
of all her secret ways, are not likely to imitate
Alexander very soon, for, look where we may, we
see problems in vegetable life that none have ever
yet conquered. Plants of the Arum family, to
which this beautiful plant belongs, are among this
mperturbable set. Some have white spots or other
peculiar markings on the leaves, but no one knows
why. We have some sort of an impression that
it is for the good of the individual, the good of its
race, or for the general good of the whole creation ;
but in what particular respect one with a peculiar
marking is of more good to itself or another, than
one with some other marking, nobody knows as
yet. Here is a plant with leaves, as if covered
with blisters. We know that poor humanity is
often under the necessity of being blistered from
head to foot ; but what a plant wants with blisters
is a profound mystery.

To our mind it often seems that we are on the
wrong track when we try to look for an element of
selfishness in every act of life. We sometimes
think that plants were made pretty, not for mere
attractiveness to insects and other similar selfish
ends, but solely to be attractive to those capable
of enjoying loveliness. As the poet says, beauty is
its own excuse for being ; and if this be so we have
a very good reason for the blistery surface here.
It gives a remarkable and unique character to a
leaf that might otherwise be unattractive. Mr.
Bull, its introducer, must be excused for the en-
thusiasm he displays in telling us about it. He
says : "It is a strikingly beautiful stove Aroid, im-
ported from South America. It is quite distinct
from anything yet in cultivation, and a plant
which cannot fail to become universally admired,
the surface of the leaves being remarkably
peculiar. It has a short, thick caudex, from which
spring up the cordate leaves, which have an open
sinus, the lobes meeting behind. The course of
the nerves is marked by a broadish band of deep
lustrous velvety green, the intervening spaces of
about equal width being in striking contrast of a
pale yellowish green. The leaf surface is scabrous,
and the portions between the ribs strongly bullate
as if raised in papillose blisters. The veins on the
under surface are angular, with tooth-like pro-
jections at intervals, while the whole under surface
is punctate with small pallid dots. This will be
the great acquisition of the season." (See cut.)

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

The Jalap Root. — Mr. Lester sends us a black
root of the shape and form of a pear ; — the Exo-
gonium purga, well known in pharmacy for its
purgative character.

Individuality in Plants. — "A. B.," Leesburg,
Florida, says: " While you are discussing fertili-
zation in your magazine, could you enlighten me
on the following point? Mr. Darwin, I think, wrote
in one of his books that from a fertilizing point
of view a cutting or graft from a plant was the
same individual as the parent. Now what I want
to know is whether the same individuality remains
by propagation ad infinitum and whether on that
account one would get better crops by planting
different varieti«s in alternate rows?"

[Mr. Darwin does say in regard to cross-fertili-
zation of flowers, that when bees go from flower
to flower on the same plant, that is not to be re-
garded as cross-fertilization ; and further he says

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

149

that plants propagated from cuttings.grafts, suckers, Darwin seems correct. If two plants are in every
or in any way but by seeds, are individuals of the respect the same, why they are the same, and no

W^'F^-^^f^^''

Anthunum splendidum. (See de>-ciiptuin opposite page )

same origin, and pollen from one plant to another cross-fertilizing can add anything more than exists.

under these circumstances is not cross-fertilization, l But we know now, much better indeed than Mr.

Now in a general sense, this proposition of Mr. I Darwin did, that new varieties can come into ex-

ISO

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

istence otherwise than by seed. This is called
bud-variation. If, therefore, a branch produces
a new variety, that is, characters that did not e.\ist
before, there is no more reason why pollen from
this new variety and the original should not be
regarded as cross-fertilization, although the plant
was raised from a cutting, than if raised from seed.
If there is any immediate effect from cross-
fertilization, there should be, as our correspondent
suggests, a better crop when the flowers have
pollen from an abundant bearer.— Ed. G. M.]

Immediate Effect of Pollen. — A Leesburg,
Fla., correspondent says : " I see in the Garden-
ers' Monthly it is considered impossible that an
immediate cross can have any effect on the shape
of a fruit ; but don't you think that it can on flavor,
because Hautbois strawberries will affect a whole
bed, and Muscat grapes will give their flavor to a
house ?"

[Is it a well authenticated fact, one plant of a
Muscat grape in a vinery will give a Muscat
flavor to Black Hamburgs and other grapes in the
same house ? The writer of this has had just such
houses, and never noticed any such influence ; and
so have hundreds of others ; on the other hand, this
is the first time we have ever heard such an in-
fluence even suspected.

In regard to the strawberry it has been the im- '
pression that the Hautbois strawberry (Fragaria
collina) has never been made to cross at all with the
Scarlet strawberry (Fragaria Virginiana), much
less influence each other's fruits by the cross. If
our correspondent can refer to any experiments
that have been made and placed on record, we
should be very glad to republish for our readers'
benefit.— Ed. G. M.]

PiNus Banksiana not in Colorado.— a cor-
respondent says: " You have made a mistake on
page 114 in naming P. Banksiana as one of the
trees in the mountains above Denver. P. contorts,
or rather P. Murrayana looks very much like P.
Banksiana which does not grow in Colorado. P.
Murrayana grows up in Montana in countless
thousands on burned land, but it does not grow in
the Black Hills in Dakota, neither does P. Bank-
siana, which runs out in Minnesota 200 miles above
St. Paul."

[Writing Pinus Banksiana, was wholly a slip of
the editorial pen, as of course P. contorta was in-
tended. It is a good illustration of how long a
first impression will endure. When the editor
first visited Colorado years ago, his first impression
of the young pine trees was, that he saw P. Bank-

siana. Though he learned better after finding
trees with cones, yet we see here that first impres-
sion slipping unconsciously from the pen after
lying dormant fifteen years. — Ed. G. M.]

Geography of Cactaceous Plants.— Dr. C.
W. Greene notes; "A writer in your excellent
Gardeners' Monthly for April, says that all
cactuses are American. Le Maout and Decaisne,
(Mrs. Hooker's translation,) say that one species
of Rhipsalis is both Ceylonese and West African.
Not long ago some writer (1 think in the American
Naturalist) stated that there were two probable
non-American species, one strictly Ceylonese and
one probably West African. I can not now lay
my hand on this article."

Immediate Influence of Pollen on Fruit.
— A correspondent says : " In the March number
of the Monthly you seem to regard it as an im-
possibility that, in any case of hybridization, the
strange pollen should produce a modification of
the ovary. That it does not, at least to a percepti-
ble degree, in a majority of cases, must be true,
else it could not have escaped the notice of watch-
ful eyes. But it is hardly safe to lay down a uni-
form rule, and say that it never does, and never
can. All pollens do not act alike. No doubt, the
ovaries of myriads of plants have their stigmas
visited by the pollen cells of other species, flower-
ing at the same time, and those often nearly allied,
as for instance in the genus Quercus, and yet their
ovules are not affected. Here and there they are,
and hybrids result. Why may not the modifying
influence extend further, though more rarely, to
the ovary itself? The puncture of the ovipositors
of most insects leaves only a scar on the stalk or
leaf, but in some cases, the vegetable forces are so
diverted that growths of singular shapes are pro-
duced for the accommodation of the ova, each of its
own kind, .-\fter all, theory must give way to fact,
and one good example is enough. Whilst living
in Lancaster, Pa., I planted seeds of the nutmeg
variety of the canteloupe, in hills, in a bed at the
end of my garden, and, on one side of this bed a few
hills of cucumbers. As the canteloupes developed,
those lying next the cucumbers assumed a decid-
edly oblong shape, and were smooth on the surface ;
of a deep green color, and when cut, watery and
possessed of a cucumber-like odor and taste.
Those on the other border, removed from the
cucumbers, were of the normal shape, round,
grooved, rough, of a grayish hue, and ripened
into fruit possessed of all the qualities of that
delicious variety of the canteloupe. Was I wrong

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

151

in attributing the ruinof half my bed of melons to the
agency of cucumber pollen ? As you have means
to do it, test my statement by experimenting the 1
same way next summer, and report the result."

[It was far from the Editor's intention to suggest ,
the impossibility of this immediate influence, but
to show that evidence readily within the reach of
any person, namely, direct experiment, has never
proved the point. Direct evidence has been

attempted, and recorded years ago in the trans-
actions of the Royal Horticultural Society, but
that evidence went the other way ! Now what a
good chance was lost by our correspondent. With
such excellent grounds for suspicion, if he had
planted a melon wholly by itself the next year, cut
off the male blossoms before opening, and given it
nothing but cucumber pollen, he could have now
told us all about it.— Ed. G. M.l

Literature, Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE DERIVATION OF PERSIMMON.

BY JOSIAH W. LEEDS.

In the current number of Gardeners' Monthly
I note that the Editor after giving a statement
from Captain Smith's narrative to show that the
original spelling of the word " persimmon " was
'• Putchamin," inquires as to the signification of
the Indian term. I do not have any vocabulary
of the tribes of the Powhatan, but in Heckewel-
der's " Words, Phrases, etc., of the Lenni Lenape,
or Delaware Indians," who, like the Powhatans,
were a section of the great Algonkin group, I
find a word given which is quite like " putchamin,"
namely, " Kpaskhamen" — to plug up tight. Like-
wise, the related word " Kpahammen " is stated as
meaning to shut up anything close. Now as this
is exactly what happens to one's mouth when it
undertakes to deal with an unripe or lack-frosted
putchamin, the above is offered as a possibly cor-
rect solution by thy friend.

Philadelphia, Fourth mo. 3d, 188 j.

MECHANICS INTERFERENCE WITH GAR-
DENERS.

BY THOMAS LAWRANCE.

Not the least of the ills gardeners are heir to is
the meddling of mechanics with the direction of
work that properly belongs to the gardener. A
few years ago one of my customers wishing to
take down his greenhouse and rebuild, requested
the architect and builder to confer with me, and
carry out whatever I recommended. We did so

confer, but our ideas were entirely at variance.
His idea was an architectural one and that horti-
culture must conform to it and that it was "all
nonsense," "out of proportion," "not in keeping,"
etc. The proprietor not knowing what to do was
almost persuaded. I did not try to convince them
to the contrary, and left. A few days after I was
sent for ; he had enclosed money in a letter to a
florist friend in Rochester desiring him to hire a
hack and visit all the private houses in R. and
see if there was not a successful one in accord-
ance with his ideas, which he enclosed, mine also.
He honorably told me what he had done, and the
reply received, which was, " We say, by all means
build as your florist suggests ; his ideas are cor-
rect." He remarked, " We have concluded it
must be built as you say ; I see you all run in the
same rut," etc. The house was built to the entire
satisfaction and pride of the owner, architect and
myself.

The boiler and pipes were duly put in as I di-
rected. The inside elaborately finished. The
owner asked me if I did not think the pipes should
be painted. I said " no ; let them alone." He said
they looked rough and he should think just a little
lamp-black and oil wouldn't hurt them. I again
said, better let them alone. On my next visit two
days after, I met the owner at the door of the
house and said, " I see you have painted the pipes."
" O, yes, just a little lamp-black and oil (and I am
sure he thought that was all). Mc (the plum-
ber) said he'd risk there being any danger." I
thought no more of the matter till two months
later I was remodelling the grounds; the gardener
called my attention to the unusual quantity of
leaves falling off and the rancid tarry smell,

152

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

which I thought indicated that the trouble was in
the boiler or pipes. The water was drawn off re-
peatedly, but still the trouble continued, if any-
thing, growing worse, for the nights were growing
colder and stronger fires were kept. 1 suspected
the black stuff on the pipes and asked the gar-
dener if he knew for certain what it was. He said
they told him, lamp-black and oil. I sought the
boss painter and journeyman painter and the
plumber, but got the same answer from all, sim-
ply lamp-black and oil. Feeling convinced they
were trying to deceive and shift the blame on my
shoulders, I finally examined the out-buildings,
when there I found the veritable tar pot that had
been used. The owner's wife was away from
home and he spared no expense to give her an
agreeable surprise on her return. I imagine her
surprise and tears when she looked in and saw
her once valuable plants utterly leafless, a grimy
workman swabbing off the vile stuff, bespattering
the handsome tiled floor, and all from the imper-
tinent interference of mechanics.

I could give dozens of instances such as these
entailing the loss of hundreds of dollars and years
of time that cannot be recalled, but fear this is al-
ready too long. Ogdensburg, N. Y.

[Our correspondent is too modest in his figures.
If he had said hundreds of thousands of dollars,
instead of hundreds, he would have been nearer
the mark.— Ed. G. M.]

in meaning, but it may perhaps be a variant of
the Algonkin xoo\. pas-," dry," giving us the mean-
ing of a " fruit [to be] dried." Capt. Smith, in
fact, tells us that the Virginia Indians prepared
persimmons after the manner of prunes, by drying
them upon mats and hurdles. Cf. Cree (Algon-
kin) Pasiminan, "dried fruit." New York.

THE NAME PERSIMMON.
BY W. R. GERARD.

This word has been variously spelled. Botan-
ists of the early part of this century (Muhlenberg,
Barton, Eaton) spell it with one w. The following
are, in chronological order, some of the orthog-
raphies : Persimon (Kalm, 1748); Persimon, Put-
chimon, Pitchumon (Clayton, 1743) ; Parsimon
(Tailfer, 1741); Phishimon (Catesby, l7i2,-'26) ;
Persimmon (Lawson, 1709; Beverly, 1705); Pos-
simon (in a list ol Long Island plants, 1670) ; Per-
simmon (Shrigley, 1669) ; Persimena (in a descrip-
tion of New Albion, 1648).

These various forms are derived from Virginia-
Indian (Algonkin) Pessemmin (as spelled by
Strachey about 1610). The syllable -min is an
inseparable Algonkin suffix, meaning "fruit" or
"grain," as in Homine (Hominy) "the grain par
excellence," Odeimin, "heart-berry" (Strawberry),
Mishimin, "big fruit "(apple), Assimin (whence
Assimina), etc., etc. The MgfiM«Nn»«fi4lw first
syllable (varied io pars-, pos, etc.) is not so clear

A KNOWLEDGE OF HORTICULTURE.

BY N. ROBERTSON.

The fast strides that horticulture has been mak-
ing in cultural points, new introductions, and many
other things, render it impossible for any gar-
dener to keep pace with the times without access
to horticultural works. There was a time when
gardeners had some excuse for not subscribing
for such works, for there were only a few standard
ones published, at a very high price, and their
salaries were so small that it could not be afforded ;
but that time has now passed, and he must be in
very poor circumstances indeed who cannot af-
ford eighteen cents per month for one of them.
The magazines now published would give him
more practical information than the old works
did, because they are made up largely of the ex-
periences of our best practical men ; their pages
are always open to the inquirer, and ready to help
forward the profession in every way they can. It
is a strange period in a gardener's life when he ar-
rives at a stage where horticultural works become
of no value to him. From the lack of such works
he has no ambition to rise, and is left stuck fast
to old habits, from which he has no power to ex-
tricate himself, missing the most interesting por-
tion of a gardener's life. There is no calhng into
which a man can embark that can give more ex-
pansion to the mind than horticulture, but unless
he reads and studies it soon becomes to him a
mere routine, losing its attractions, and his work
becomes a drudgery to him. His work may pass
where he is isolated from public view, but when
he comes forth amongst modern men he must al-
most stand amazed when he sees how far he has
drifted behind them. If a man has any ambition
to rise in this profession, and be lifted up from
obscurity, he has to put forth every exertion to se-
cure all the knowledge in his power, not only by
making himself conversant with what is passing
in horticultural works, but by working and ob-
serving as he goes and throwing himself with all
his might into his work. Some of the horticul-
tural periodicals are expensive because of their
high class illustrations, which must always entail

1885.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

153

much expense to produce them. Such works are
very useful when one finds himself able to reach
them, for new plants are generally the subjects
chosen for the illustrations. I take such plates
out and paste them into scrap albums, alphabeti-
cally arranged, so that I can refer to them easily.
Works produced on this continent I prefer, as they
contain instructions better adapted to the climate
than others do. If we were to follow the instruc-
tions given in foreign publications, in many cases
our failure would be complete. Some contend
that the difference in inside work does not exist;
perhaps not to the same extent, but for all the
practice is very different. Oardeners should, for
their own and their employers' benefit, see the
work of other men, visit places of note, see the
different methods others pursue, as it often leads
to ideas never thought of, and that reading might
fail to produce. Gov't Grounds, Ottawa, Can.

RUSH-LIGHT CANDLES.
BY G.

Your recent notice of Bayberry candles recalls
to mind a much more ancient and equally inter-
esting means of domestic illumination, the rush-
light. On account of the literary interest attach-
ing to the rush-light, a lady of my acquaintance
had a few rushes stripped of their bark, leaving
only the pith and a narrow thread of the cortical
substance, which served to give strength to what
was left of the rush. The latter was then dipped
a few times in tallow. When lighted in a dark
room such a taper will afford a rather feeble
glimmer. The truth is, however, that rush-pith is
not a very good wick, for it has but a slight de-
gree of capillarity.

Some years ago there was a proposal made by
somebody to establish, or have the U. S. govern-
ment establish, a National Botanical Garden, some-
where in Southern Florida. The idea always has
seemed to me an admirable one.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Col. N. J. CoLMAN. — There is no reason why
a President should not appoint a friend or the
friend of a friend to a distinguished office, if the
appointee have superior fitness and qualifications
for the position. But this is not by any means the
universal thought in making appointments. The
nomination of Col. Colman as Commissioner of
Agriculture is therefore the more remarkable. No

man knows more than he about the agricultural
needs of the nation ; no one has a more practical
or intelligent acquaintance with the subject than
he, and to this as a legislator and Lieutenant-
Governor of Missouri he has had that training in
public affairs without which experience has fully
shown that highest intelligence goes for nothing.
It is so rare that the right man and the right place
happen to come so fitly together, that it is well
worthy of special congratulation.

Mr. James Morton.— Our readers will remem-
ber interesting papers occasionally contributed by
Mr. James Morton, formerly gardener to Hon. L.
W. Coe, Torringion, Conn. We note by a Clarks-
ville, Tennessee, paper that he has now taken
charge of a commercial garden and florist's estab-
lishment known as Evergreen Lodge, owned by
Captain Crussman, near that town. He has our
best wishes for his success in his new vocation.

Parker Earle. — Thisenergetic and well known
fruit grower of Southern lUinois was born at
Mount Holly, Vermont, and settled in Cobden
in 1 861. This is now among the best known fruit
growing centers in the West, and mainly through
the efforts of Mr. Earle. He has the largest pear
orchard probably in the West. As Superinten-
dent of the Horticultural Department of the New
Orleans Exposition he has won golden opinions
everywhere.

Dr. Regel Dr. Regel the well-known direc-
tor of the celebrated Botanic Gardens of St. Peters-
burg is in his 72nd year, and still vigorous and
full of work.

The Home Florist. — This work, noticed fa-
vorably in our magazine on its first appearance,
has been so well received that a second edition
has been called for. It has been revised by the
author, Elias A. Long, and this time is published
by C. A. Reeser, of Springfield, Ohio.

Vine Culture in California. — By Charles
Joly. Among the many able essays continually
offered to the French Society of Horticulture this
one is prominent. He tells the French people of
the wonderful progress of grape culture in our
country, but comforts them by saying that it will
be a long time yet before there will be an end to
vine culture in the Old World, notwithstanding
America's wonderful progress ; but it is interest-
ing to French horticulturists as well as the rest of
the world to study the marvelous progress of the
two races of English speaking people, the one in
Australia, the other in America, free from all
slavery, marching on to the conquest of the soil ;

154

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

rivalling, in their activity to develop the riches of
labor, the older nations of Europe that depend
chiefly on human blood and military glory to
finally resolve the great problems of society.

The Horticultural Directory of the
United States.— By Charles F. Evans ; pub-
lished by Isaac D. Sailer, Philadelphia.

This is the most complete work of this kind ever
issued in the United States, containing not only
nurserymen, but florists and seedsmen. It must
have entailed much labor on the enterprising
editor, but the necessity for such a work will no
doubt bring a good response.

Manual of Agriculture for the School,
THE Farm, and the Fireside. — By George B.
Emerson, and Charles L. Flint. A new edition
by Dr. Charles A. Goessman. New York ; Orange
Judd Company.

A large number of works of this character re-
main out of print with the first issue. That the ,
work of the able authors of this book should call 1
for a second edition is proof of its value.

Index Medicus. — This work, of great interest
to the medical profession, which was unfinished
by the death of its publisher, will be undertaken i
to completion, by the well-known enterprising
publisher, George .S. Davis, of Detroit, Michigan.

The Summit Co. (Ohio) Horticultural
Society Reports for the Last Sixteen
Months. — This gives a full account of the ex- [
cellent work done by this society in fostering a ■
love for garden pleasures in that community.

Report of the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture for 1884. — The Commissioner reports
that during the past year over 100,000 economic
plants have been propagated and disseminated
for experiments. The department introduced the
Japan Persimmon 15 years ago, and mainly
through its instrumentality it is becoming one of
America's standard fruits. Experiments with tea
plants are still going on, and the department has
strong hopes of final success. The greatest call
on the department for plants for experimenting
comes from the more tropical States. The
Botanical Department has done good work in
making known the value of our agricultural
grasses, and herbarium specimens of duplicates
are distributed generously to agricultural colleges
and elsewhere.

The Entomological Department has been par.
ticularly active and useful. The work of Professor
Riley as recorded here, gives a bright character to
the report.

In the Forestry Department the Commissioner
believes a report, soon to be specially issued, will
be a valuable work to tree planters. He is now
satisfied that nothing can be done by the gov-
ernment to check the fall of the forests before the
fire and the axe, and that our best attention should
be given to planting new forests. Nebraska has
set out 4,500,000 trees the past year.

Chautauqua Literary Society.— This body
is doing great good by the organizing of branches
of intellectual culture. The famous Agassiz asso-
ciation of young people for the study of natural
history, now numbers 7,000 members. It is now
about to organize a similar one for the study of
agriculture. Miss K. F. Kimball, Plainfield, N.J. ,
has this department in hand.

The Canadian Horticulturist. — This in-
teresting monthly gives a colored plate of fruits or
flowers wih every issue. The February number
has some new dahlias, a flower which not only
holds its own in popular estimation but seems to
advance from year to year. The Horticulturist
is edited by Dr. Beadle, of St. Catharine's, Ontario.

The American Seedsman Published by

Isaac F. Tillinghast, La Plume, Pa.

This is a monthly magazine devoted wholly to
the interests of the American seed trade. Among
the topics discussed in the number before us is
the liability of seedsmen who may sell a 25-cent
paper of cabbage seed, for several hundred dollars
in damages, should the climate or treatment of a
cabbage plant cause it to run to seed instead of
forming a head, or meet with some other accident
wholly out of the control of the man who sells the
seed. Those for whom the magazine is intended
will no doubt find much of profit to them in this
magazine.

Woods and Forests. — This independent
forestry magazine did not meet with sufficient sup-
port and has been merged with the Garden. Mr.
Robinson found what has been long known in
America, that those who in many cases talk the
most about forests, do nothing to make forestry a

success.

«-»-»^

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Kind Words from a Subscriber.- No one
but those who have had the actual experience
knows of the crosses, trials and tribulations that
' beset the Editor of a magazine like this. The
Editor of the Gardeners' Monthly has had
twenty-seven years of this experience, and so can

i885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

155

tell as well as anybody. And yet these evils have
their compensations. Here is a kind vcord from
one whom the Editor has never seen — a kind
word that compensates for many hundreds of the
little disagreeables inseparable from the editorial
life:

" Allow me the present opportunity of acknow-
ledging my obligations to you, as Editor of the
G.^RDENERs' Monthly. For many years it has
been one of the greatest comforts and enjoyments
of my life ; selfishness may prompt the wish, but
1 hope that you and it may survive me."

Sericographis Ghiesbrechtiana. — " Ignor-
amus " has been " moved to inquire which form
of expression is the correct one. The title reads
Ghiesbrechtiana Sericographis, but Sericographis
Ghiesbrechtiana in the body of the article in last
number."

[" Ignoramus " has not quoted correctly, but it
is near enough that we may explain that there is
objection in some quarters to Latin or Greek
names because they are so hard, and some good
authorities in the Old World are inventing easy
ones. Sericographis Ghiesbrechtiana is consid-
ered a very hard word, so, in order that it may be
rendered simple, they have given us Ghiesbrecht's
Sericographis as an easy substitute. Individuals
among human beings have also in many cases
very hard names. The movement for reform
will perhaps extend to these as well as the
names of plants, and the advocates of the measure
may hope to secure an universal law that hereaf-
ter no fellow shall be borne down by a name of

more than one syllable, unless he be of royal ex-
traction, when not over six shall be tolerated.]

Plural Names. — "Inquirer" says: "As I
note your magazine endeavors to aid intelligence
in every branch that horticulturists are expected
to know something about, I would ask whether
the plurals you often use for plants are strictly
correct ? 1 notice you say cactuses, clematises,
funguses and so forth. These are Latin names,
and I think should be cacti, clematids, fungi, as
your contemporaries always employ them."

[No objection to have these queries. There is-
no reason why the lover of horticulture should not
have as much general intelligence as the rest of
mankind. In the cases referred to, we were not
talking Latin, but Enghsh. We have taken these
words into the English language — naturahzed
them — then they must follow English rules for
making plurals as well as in other things. When
writing Latin we shall use cacti, and not cactuses.
—Ed. G. M.]

Wants to Know. — A New York correspondent
says: "When we don't know we have to go to
headquarters to find out. A list of plants sent to
me by a customer to supply puzzles me. 1 have
managed by inquiry to get the most of them, but
I would like to know what the following are :
Sheep's Horns, Daddy Johnson, Coral Ring, Inch
Cactus, Dog's Snout, Irishman's Breeches, Aaron's
Beard, and Cut-meQuick."

[We are afraid our correspondent has not yet
got to headquarters to find what he wants to
know.— Ed. G. M.]

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

HORTICULTURE AT THE NEW ORLEANS
EXPOSITION.

BY E. baker.

That the New Orleans Exposition is now a very
great success cannot for a moment be denied.
Complete in every department — save one — it
offers a vast field for study in all branches of the
arts, sciences and manufactures. It is the freely-
expressed opinion of those who have visited the
great expositions of Europe and this country, that
in magnitude, variety, and tasteful arrangements
of the articles exhibited, this exhibition is superior

to all. A month can be pleasantly and profitably
spent in contemplation of the great and varied
resources of this and other countries here grouped
with system and order ; forming a vast panorama
worthy of the attention of every American who
would know his country, and its capabilities. In-
deed, to miss seeing this wonderful collection is to
lose an opportunity that will not probably occur
again within the lifetime of the present generation.
But there is one department, one portion of this
grand display, that falls short of all others, and far
below the expectations of the thousands of visitors
that now daily throng the buildings and grounds.
This being the Horticultural department particu-

156

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

'larly interests us here. The management have
■provided a magnificent conservatory, six hundred
feet long by about one hundred and ninety-four
feet wide, excellently adapted to display and
preserve a great collection of plants of every
variety. Now what do we find ? A large and ex-
cellent collection from Mexico.Guatemala.and some
portions of Central America, consisting mainly of
Cacti and Orchids, and a pretty and interesting
lot of Palms from Jamaica. This, together with a
very fair display of greenhouse plants by the few
nurserymen of New Orleans, will be found to com-
prise the bulk of the exhibit. The immense glass
house looks empty ; the beautiful and varied col-
lections we have been led to expect, and naturally
do expect to see in connection with this great fair,
are missing. Who is responsible ? Why are the
hundreds of nurseries all over the country not re-
presented here? In no other industry is there
such a conspicuous lack of enterprise. All, save
the growers of plants, arewell represented. Many
medals and money premiums have been offered
but have evidently been no inducement. If for
no other reason, one would suppose that a proper
business spirit with a view to the extension of their
trade, would have induced a number of establish-
ments to have exhibited such specimens as they
have facilities for growing in a superior manner or
in large numbers.

But without further comment let us say, that it
is not too late to remedy this error ; the extreme
cold of winter is now over and plants may be for-
warded with safety ; the conservatory is in the
hands of practical gardeners who will keep plants
in as good condition as in their owner's hands ;
and the exposition will be open and visited by from
twenty to fifty thousand people daily for the next
month. Let the nurserymen without further hesi-
tation make up and forward such specimens as
they deem worthy of showing. A collection of
from ten to a hundred plants from each establish-
ment would soon fill this beautiful greenhouse and
make it an attraction second to none within the
great scope of this enterprise. In almost all cases
growers make specialties of certain plants and can
with very small expense or labor exhibit a portion
of their stock. Then we should have groups of
Camellias, Azaleas, Marantas, Begonias, Ferns,
Palms, Dracsnas and attractive plants of various
other varieties, which being brought together under
one roof would, in addition to the beauty of the
display, facilitate comparison and prove of great
benefit to the buyer and grower. Let this matter
be taken in hand at once. No. 14 Camp St., N. O.

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.

BY B.

The Spring Exhibition of the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society, which opened March 19th
and continued until Friday the 20th, was without
question the best ever held in Boston ; and in fact
in no other part of the country has such a varied
and rare lot of spring flowers been gathered to-
gether in one hall for exhibition. Outside, the
temperature was continuously below freezing, and
had it not been for this fact, the hall would have
failed to hold all the exhibits which were promised.
About ten thousand persons visited the show, and
the crowd was so great that on several occasions
admission was denied to those in waiting, until the
hall could be cleared. At the entrance of the
hall was a stand of forced Roses and Azaleas from
Mrs. Francis B. Hayes, the central specimen being
Rhododendron Veitchianum laevigatum with great
fragrant flowers of the purest white. Among the
Roses was a fine plant of Paul Neron with flowers
of extraordinary size. Next to this stand was a
low platform 55 feet long and 6 feet wide with an
elevated center devoted mainly to spring flowering
bulbs, the display of which was far superior to
any ever made before, and next to the Orchids
constituted the glory of the show. Hyacinths,
Tulips, Narcissi, Jonquils, Crocuses, Anemone
Coronaria, Lilies of the Valley, were shown in the
finest specimens ot the newest varieties, and in
bewildering profusion like the most brilliant bed
in the flower garden filled with the choicest selec-
tion of plants. Besides the bulbs there were grace-
ful and delicate Heaths, fragrant Violets in pots.
Primulas and Pansies growing on the plants, far
more attractive than the cut flowers in flat dishes.
The most notable Narcissus was the new "Sir
Watkin " a gigantic form of incomparabilis. This
and Poeticus ornatus attracted much attention,
together with the Tenby Daffodil or N. obvallaris.
The latter is a compact and beautiful Narcissus.
All were shown by Edward L. Beard, who also
had a lot of Cyclamen, the finest type ever shown,
of compact habit, brilliant colors, and bearing
immense flowers. On this center platform were
grouped not less than a thousand pots of every
conceivable form of spring flowers, forming a
sight long to be remembered when once seen. At
the end ot the hall, grouped upon the platform
with a backing of tall palms, ferns, &c., were the
Orchid collections embracing about 100 plants,
many of them unique specimens. F. L. Ames, of
No. Easton, exhibited Dendrobium Ainsworthii

I885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

157

with over 150 flowers, Phalsenopsis Brymerianum
P. Stuartiana, Cattleya Amethystoglossa, Dendro-
bium Brymerianum; several magnificent plants
of Odontoglossum Alexandras and Pescatorei. One
of the latter bearing sixty flowers on one spike.
Dendrobium Wardianiim album, besides several
huge plants of the type, Odontoglossum triumphans^
with an unequalled spike of bloom, and many
others of rare quality and large size. H. H.
Hunnewell exhibited a plant of Coelogyne cristata,
Chatsworth van, 3 feet across and a sheet of flow-
ers. Phalasnopsis Schilleriana, several extra good
varieties of this being shown, one plant with about
75 flowers open. Cymbidium Lowi, Odontoglossum
Insleayi, Calanthe Turneri ; a fine plant of Dendro-
bium Wardianum, Sophronites grandiflora, besides
numbers of others. David Allan, gardener to R. M.
Pratt, exhibited about a dozen grand plants of
Dendrobium Wardianum, most of them bearing
from forty to sixty flowers. He also displayed a
plant of Dendrobium Ainsworthii, well bloom-
ed, and one of the finest plants of Cypripedium
insigne ever put on exhibition. It was about 4
feet across. All of the Orchids were interspersed
with Ferns, brilliant Anthuriums constituting a dis-
play rarely witnessed. A gratifying feature of the
exhibition was the award of the Society's silver
medal to F. L. Harris, gardener to H. H. Hunne-
well, David Allan, and W. A. Robinson, gardener
to F. L. Ames, for skilful culture of Orchids. The
Botanic garden at Cambridge, through W. A.
Manda, its gardener, exhibited forced herbaceous
plants including Lilium tenuifolium. Primula Cor-
tusoides, Trillium grandiflorum and Doronicum
Caucasicum, the latter very bright, and showy.
Jackson Dawson of the Arnold Arboretum showed
fine and well-bloomed plants of Hybrid Perpetual
Roses on the Japanese stock and an interesting
collection of hardy Primulas and Polyanthus in
pots, besides forced Kalmia latifolia. John B.
Moore took the first prize for 24 cut blooms of
Hybrid Perpetual Roses, which were even finer
than his magnificent June flowers, which for three
years have taken the challenge vase. A magnifi-
cent bloom of White Baroness took the first prize
for single bloom. This promises to be a finer
rose than the Merveille de Lyon.

The Pansies in pots and also cut blooms from
Denys Zirngeibel attracted much attention, the
strain beiflg one of the best in the country. Cut
Carnations were handsomely shown, J. A. Foster
having a fine lot including seedlings shown natur-
ally with their foliage. Tea Roses and Hybrid
perpetual Roses were staged in great profusion.

Delay & Meade taking a number of prizes for ten-
der varieties. The major portion of the prizes for
for Hyacinths were taken by C. M. Hovey,
C. H. Hovey & Co., and John L. Gardner. The
latter represented by that veteran, C. M. Atkinson,
took first prize for 12 with the following — La Tour
d' Avergne, Laurens Koster, Princess Dagmar,
Obelisque, Sir John Lawrence, Snowball, Charles
Dickens, Alba Maxima, Argus, L' incomparable,
La Grandosse, Czar Peter. The first prize for six
Hyacinths was first awarded to E. L. Beard who
was subsequently disqualified on account of dupli-
cates, and then awarded to C. M. Hovey. The
best single spike was Czar Peter shown by C. H.
Hovey & Co. The first prize for the best display
of hardy Narcissi was given to E. L. Beard, and the
three prizes for best general display of spring bulbs
went respectively to C. M. Hovey, C. H. Hovey &
Co., and E. L. Beard. Last but not least were the
Azaleas where the veteran Marshall P. Wilder and
Arthur W. Blake, a new contributor, divided the
honors, Mr. Wilder filling a platform with fine large
old specimens, and Mr. Blake contributing a collec-
tion of young plants of the newest varieties, among
which La Flambeau was of most intense color.
Had it not been for the intense cold the display in
this class would have been grand. Mr. Moore ex-
hibited a plant of the new hybrid perpetual Rose —
Col. Felix Breton. This is the darkest Rose ever
shown of good habit, promising well for freedom
of bloom and very fragrant. It was awarded a
certificate of merit. These exhibitions have grown
so, both as to the number of visitors and exhibitors,
that the society finds its facilities severely taxed.
An indication of this may be noted from the fact
that more people visited the spring exhibition this
year, than during the entire five years previous to
1883, with exception of the year when the Pomo-
logical Society held its ression here.

FLORAL NOTES FROM THE NEW OR-
LEANS EXHIBITION.

BY M. H. LESTER.

In the Horticultural Department at the Exhibi-
tion, I notice Cattleya citrina in bloom. It is not
near as much grown as it deserves to be. Its
golden yellow flowers are veey graceful and beau-
tiful. Also Lycaste aurantiaca with several Onci-
diums, Epidendrums, and Odontoglossums.

A good deal of attention seems to be attracted
to a plant in the Jamaica Exhibit, Cyphomandra
betacea, or tree Tomato. From the appearance
of the plant I do not think it will ever be available
for any part of this State. It may be useful in

IS8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May.

Florida, and some parts of California. I expect it
is a variety of Solanum. Some of the fruit are
also on exhibition, and I take the liberty to send
you a few as you may not have seen them.

Outside the south entrance to Horticultural Hall
I notice two large circular beds of roses, donated
— I think — by the Dingee & Conard Co. They
are looking just splendid now, but some one ought
to be detailed to clean them. They will be
smothered with weeds in no time.

The Universal Bulb Co. make a good display in
the grounds, but as none of their exhibits are
labeled it is one in a thousand that know what
they are. Passing a bed of Anemones I heard
some ladies remark, " O see the double poppies."

When I get in amongst the Cactus Agave, Dasy-
lirion, &c., I can't get away ! I get more and
more interested in them every time. Huge Cereus
speciosismus, C. Engelmannii, C. dasyacanthus
Fourcroya glauca, and two splendid specimens of
Agave Shawii, all in bloom. Opuntia Coccinilli-
fera with the cochineal insects on and at work ;
and thousands of others, both large and small.

Gabriel Marc, of Queens, Long Island, has a
fine collection of Azaleas on exhibition.

Mr. John Saul sent a fine collection of Begonias,
specimen Ferns, &c., in fact, a fine miscellaneous
collection, early in the season, which, unfortunately
were caught with frost in transit.

Immediately after the first prize "for Oranges
grown in the United States " was awarded to the
California collection, a large basket of the fruit
was taken from Horticultural Hall to the California
"State" exhibit, in the Government building, and
placed convenient to a pile of circulars, on
which was a card inscribed " please take one."
Some one passing changed the card from the cir-
culars to the Oranges, and the gentleman in charge
of the exhibit is ready to swear those Oranges flew
out of that basket, while he had his back turned
for a minute. He does not see how they could pos-
sibly have got away so quick otherwise.

SPRING SHO'W OF THE MASSACHUSETTS
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

BY W. A. MAND.'V.

The spring show of the Massachusetts Horticul-
tural Society, notwithstanding the inclemency of
the weather, came out above all expectations; and
coming out of zero weather into a hall filled with
the best of floral beauties seemed like being trans-
ported into some fairy land of eternal spring.

The chief attraction was certainly the Orchids,
of which about one hundred plants were shown.

The contributors were the well-known gentlemen,
F. L. Ames, H. H. Hunnewell, R. Pratt and E. \V.
Gilmore. There were three plants of Dendro-
bium Ainsworthii, a hybrid between D. nobile
and D. heterocarpum, one plant having about loo
fully expanded flowers, while another one, pseudo
bulb, had 21 of its white and purple blossoms. D.
Wardianum was represented with several fine
plants, having pseudo bulbs 3 feet long and well
flowered, as was also the rare D. Wardianum al-
bum ; the old D. nobile was also shown in good
specimens, beside D. heterocarpum, D. crassinode,
D. primulinum, D. chrysotoxum, D. Pierardii and
the odd D. Brymerianum, with its golden flowers
and hp curiously cut. Phatenopsis were unusually
good ; some fine varieties of P. Stuartiana, also
several P. Schilleriana, — one spike supported 49
expanded flowers. -Several plants of P. grandi-
flora were also fine, one had a spike of 11 flowers
and buds ; this is not at all common for this spe-
cies. The rare P. Brymeriana had also a nice
spike of white and rose flowers. Of Odontoglos-
sums, too, there were several species ; some fine
varieties of O. Alexandrae, one plant of O. crispum,
the true type ; a nice plant of O. Insleayi had
about 50 flowers. O. Rossii majus was also shown
in varieties ; also some good O. Roezlii and O.
triumphans. Cattleya Trianae was shown in sev-
eral vars., beside C. amethystoglossa and C. War-
scewieczii delicata, showing 17 flowers. Lselia
anceps in vars., one specially dark color, and the
new L. harpophylla. Cypripedium insigne, a big
plant; also C. Harrisii and C. venustum. Coelo-
gyne cristata, Chatsworth var. was shown in two
specimens, one with 36 spikes, 7 flowers to each
spike; Cymbidium eburneum ; C. Lowii with sev-
eral spikes, one having 17 flowers; Calanthe
nivalis, Masdevallia tovarensis, Dendrochilum
glumaceum, with about 50 arching spikes of its
sweet flowers ; while Ada aurantiaca and a fine
pan of Sophronites grandiflora made a fine con-
trast in color with their brilliant scarlet flowers.
All this intermixed with palms, ferns, choice cut
flowers of orchids, aroids, etc., presented a mag-
nificent sight. All the plants were in perfect
health and well flowered, for which I). .Allan, F.
Harris and W. Robinson, growers to the above
named gentlemen, were awarded each a silver
medal for skillful orchid culture.

The spring bulbs were very good, too ; Mr. Gar-
dener had fine flowered Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcis-
sus, Primula sinensis, Convallaria majalis and a
fine specimen of Imantophyllum miniatum. Mr.
£. L. Beard showed very good Cyclamens, Nar-

1885.]

AXD HORTICULTURIST.

159

cissus, one named " Sir Watkins " was awarded

first-class certificate of merit; beside this Mr.
Beard had also go'bd Hyacinths and the new
Primula obconica. Mr. C. M. Hovey had a large
display of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, cut Ca-
mellias and Roses. J. Dawson showed excellent
pot Roses and fine hardy Primulas and Kalmia
latifolia forced. Mr. M. P. Wilder put up a stand
of Azaleas. Mr. A. VV. Blake also showed 24
Standard Azaleas, well flowered. Messrs. J. B.
Moore & Son exhibited good cut blooms of H. P.
Roses. Mrs. Hayes had a fine Rhododendron
Veitchii var. Mr. E. W. Gilmore exhibited Cin-
erarias, so did Mr. Sephard, besides violets and
cut flowers in vars. Mr. D. Zirngiebel showed a
fine strain of Pansies of good form and large size.
Some cut Roses came from Mr.Meade, while Mrs.
E. M. Gill showed as usual a good collection of
cut flowers. Beside this may be mentioned Lilium
tenuifolium, L. pulchellum, Trillium grandiflorum,
DoronicumCaucasicum, Cypripedium parviflorum,
C. candidum, Primula Sieboldii, Ornithogalum
Arabicum, Aquilegia glandulosa and several fine
dishes of fruit. Bot. Gardens, Cambridge, Mass.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

CACTACEiE AND AGAVE AT THE WORLD'S

EXPOSITION.

BY J. E. W.

Possibly the display is the most extensive ever
gotten together at one exhibition. One exhibitor,
Mr. J. H. Erkener, of San Antonia, Texas, claims
to have on exhibition twenty thousand specimens,
obtained from Mexico at great personal labor and
expense. The entire collection taken together is
extremely interesting and instructing. The greater
portion of the exhibit is made by Mexico. There
are specimens from the size of an acorn to plants
of Cereus giganticus 21 feet in height and 3 "^ feet
in circumference.

Cereus, about 24 varieties, some of which are as
follows :

C. procumbens,
C. polyacanthus,

C. longisetis. C. dubius,

C. chloraDtbus, C. ctenoides.

C. Schottii, &c.

Echinocactus, about 18 varieties :

E. Etnoryi, E. brevibamatus. E. Le Contei,

E. longjehamatus, E. Texensis, E. Wislizenii,

E. heliophorus, 4 ft. bigh and 9 ft. in circumference, Ac.

Mamillaria, about 30 varieties :

M. ecbinus, M. dasyacantba, M. fissurata,

M. Grabamii, M. gummifera, M. applanata.

Opuntia, about 20 varieties :

O. Bigelovii, O. Engelmauni,

O. frutescens, O. runda,

O. Wrightii, &c.

Agave Mexicana, specimens 1 2 feet across ; the

variety that produces the Mexican beverage :

A. geminifiora, A. revoluta, A. densiflora.

O. arborescens,
O. Sehottii,

Pennsylv.\nia Horticultural Society. —
The spring exhibition at the end of March was one
of the best made by the Society for many years.
At the autumn exhibitions the interest centres
chiefly in the fruits; the plants being mostly con-
fined to ferns, palms, and foliage plants destitute
of flowers. In the spring we look for flowers as a
leading feature, and they did not disappoint any
one on this occasion. The large hall was filled
by magnificent collections, and the good culture
exhibited was such as to call for high praise. Our
notes were made principally with the view to
giving information to readers everywhere, and we
have therefore necessarily to omit many features
of purely local interest deserving quite as much
praise as the articles commented on.

A very pretty set of plants intended chiefly to
show how to arrange for decoration was shown by
Joseph Kift & Sons, and for this purpose the rather
new Asparagus tenuissimus showed to great
advantage. It is allied to the well-known " Smilax "
of the florists, climbing as that does, but rather
stiffer, and has leaves like the common garden
Asparagus. Two plants were trained so as to
form an arch at the end of a table, and indicated
how many decorative uses it might be put to. We
understand it can be readily increased from
cuttings.

A good idea was expressed by porous plant
vases. These are hollow, wreath-like vessels,
water being admitted by an aperture at the top.
Moss tied around is kept moist by percolation, and
Ferns, Orchids, or other plants tied to them, grow
much better than when tied to mere blocks of
wood or even in baskets. The plants exhibited
with these vases, showed remarkable vigor and
health. A number of boxes of plants adapted to
window culture were shown, and one in which
common Snowdrops in bloom were arranged with
Rex Begonias and Ferns, showed an extremely
interesting combination. Another florist, Herman,
had some boxes in which excellent combination
was made of Tuhps, with Lily of the Valley and
Astilbe.

Some florist, whose name we did not find at-
tached, has a plant of a white flowering winter
Carnation called Edward Banyard, which seemed
an extraordinary bloomer. The plant had over
100 good buds, besides small ones not worth
counting. The calyx showed no disposition to
burst at the side, and the crumpled petals had here
and there an almost invisible crimson line. It

l6o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

was interesting to note that in all the collections of
pot plants by florists, the kinds used by them for
cut flowers were prominently grown. For instance,
in a very pretty collection for which a third
premium was awarded to Charles Fox, Roses,
Callas, Azaleas, Geraniums, and Rhododendrons,
were the chief ornaments. Rhododendrons, by
the way, were in many collections, and showed
how easily they can be had in bloom in the winter.
Nearly all the leading amateur premiums were
taken by Mr. Alfred Warne, gardener to Clarence
H. Clark, Esq., and they were so well and admir-
ably grown that those who propose to contest the
honors with him in future, will have some tolerably
hard work to do. He had first for Azaleas, which
were admirable specimens of care and skill. They
were mostly grown on a depressed globose style,
and were about 2 to 3 feet across the top. Here
one might have a choice between kinds that
were so full of flowers that not a leaf was visible
on any part of the plants, and kinds that had here
and there a few shoots pushing through the mass
of flowers. Our taste runs toward the latter class,
and we therefore feel like giving more praise to
Stella, an orange crimson, and Marquis of Lome,
a brick red, than to Madame Vonder Creysson,
where not one leaf was to be seen. Mr. Warne
had first premium for 12 Rhododendrons, among
which was one distinct species, called Rhododen-
dron speciossimus, with the leaves and flowers in
so many respects like a Kalmia, that those who
love botany could see how closely the two genera
were united through this intermediate.

Again we have Mr. Warne first for tulips. These
were mostly of the Due Van ThoU pattern, and
were mostly five bulbs to a pot. Also was the first
for Hyacinths, and we doubt whether better spe-
cimens of good culture were ever seen, even by the
famous Holland growers. They were grown in
8-inch pots, and the green healthy-looking leaves
were about si.x inches long and an inch wide.
The flowers were on stout stalks about eighteen
inches long, about one third of which were covered
with the large and sweet flowers. A specimen
Rhododendron by Mr. Warne was of the Augusta
Van Geert, was about 2 feet by 2, and had thirteen
heads of expanded flowers. Pergusson's Sons had
the second for Rhododendrons. These were good
plants with about eight heads on an average.
Fergusson's second for Hyacinths were good
plants in 4-inch pots. His second premium
Cinerarias, were but about 12 inches high, with
the panicles about 6 inches across, but the flowers
were unusually large and very showy. The first

premium Cinerarias, were by J. H. Campbell ;
these were also about a foot high, but the panicles
were 9 or 10 inches across, and more branching
bushy plants. Fergusson Sons had a showy col-
lection of Orchids. Phalasnopsis amabile had 5
flowers, and a pretty specimen of the lovely
Vanda tricolor, about 2 feet high, had 3 spikes
with about ten flowers on a spike. Mr. Warne
had a specimen of Camellia candidissima which
though only about 3 feet by 2, had 36 flower buds
on it. Craig Brothers had a remarkably beautiful
collection of Ferns, particularly attractive because
they were not large coarse things, but just such
kinds as could be found room for in an ordinary
conservatory. Adiantum Wiegandii, a bluish-
green Maiden-hair Fern, we noted particularly for
its pretty compact habit, and Polypodium spor-
deocarpum was of much the same character as the
well-known P. glaucum, but much more genteel in
its behavior, not so intrusively pressing as that.
Of course the indispensable Adiantum Farleyense
was among them, and there was a plant of the
curious pitcher leaf, Sarracenia Drummondii, the
pitchers being about 2 feet long. Craig & Brother
the first for Roses, but though the two to five Roses
on each plant were large and fine, the plants were
long and straggly, 2 or 3 feet high, in 8-inch pots.
John Dick had first for double and single Gera-
niums. These were in loinch pots, about 18
inches high and 18 wide. The foliage was large
and healthy, but the 7 or 8 heads to each plant
rather small for the foliage. Mr. Charles F.
Evans had magnificent blooms of W. F. Ben-
nett rose. The petals were of the color of Jacque-
minot, and extended three inches from the insertion
at the calyx. Craig & Brother had a collection of
20 kinds of cut flowers of Carnations. Everybody
admired them, and wondered why amateurs did
not more appreciate their worth.

Lonsdale & Burton, the leading rose growers
of Philadelphia, had a fine display of flowering
branches, and the first premium Baroness Roths-
child were five inches across, and the pretty
globular buds of Perle des Jardins about three
inches. Their Bon Silene showed that this ad-
mirable old Rose can by no means be displaced
by any competitor. The other leading Roses in
this collection were Cornelia Koch, and Catherine
Mermet.

If the horticulturists of Philadelphia, especially
the amateurs, will continue to encourage the society
in the future, as they did on this occasion, it will
not be long before they may sing :

" The good old times have come again.'*

THE

Gardeners' Monthly

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE. ARBORICULTURE AMD RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MKEHAN.

Volume XXVII.

JUNE, 1885.

Number 318.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Some people advocate the pruning of ornamental
trees in summer when they require it, for the reason
that the wound seems to heal over without any
injury to the tree. This is in a great measure
correct. When large branches are cut in the spring
the moisture oozes from the wound, and those minute
funguses that prey on decayed or dead vegetation,
get a start where moisture exists, and the wound
is very soon on the high road to destruction.
Hollow trees come more often from such wounds
than from any other cause. In summer the leaves
take all the sap, and the exposed surface becomes
dry and hard. There is nothing more than a solid
knot over which the bark ev.entually grows and
entirely heals the wound. But there are counter-
objections. The leaves are the life of a tree. A
branch has to be cut close to the trunk in order to
heal at all, because the sap which makes the new
wood has to be prepared by the action of the
leaves. Cutting away large masses of foliage
weakens the vital power of trees. For instance,
near where we are writing a Honey Locust hedge
was planted about six years ago. These have
been annually summer pruned, as all respectable
hedge plants expect to be. The stems of these
plants are about three inches in circumference
now. But one in the hedge was suffered to grow
up as a tree. It has never been summer pruned.

The stem is eighteen inches in circumference.
Any one who has noticed how hedges, annually
pruned, keep small stems, will understand how
summer pruning weakens a tree. Therefore, where
rapid growth is desired, summer pruning to any
great extent should not be practiced. But a little,
judiciously done, will often be a greater benefit at
this season than at any other, especially when some
good form is desirable for the specimen. We can
tell much better how to direct the branches of a
tree in the growing season than when the leaves
are off. There has been great progress in this
kind of knowledge of late years.

In nothing has progress in gardening been
better indicated than in the use of the pruning
knife on evergreens. Up to the existence of the
Gardeners' Monthly, one might prune any trees
except evergreens. Few articles ever took the
public more by surprise, than our first paper show-
ing that pruning benefited these plants. Now it
is generally practiced, and it is believed to be
followed with more striking results than when used
on deciduous trees. In transplanting evergreens
of all kinds from the woods, the best way to save
their lives, is to cut them half back with a hedge
shears, and when any come from the nurseries
with bad roots, or roots which have accidentally
got dry, a severe cutting back will save them.
And then if we have an unsightly evergreen, — a
one sided, or sparsely clothed evergreen, — if it is

1 62

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

cut back considerably it will push out again green
all over, and make a nice tree. It must be care-
fully remembered, however, that in all these cases
the leading shoot must be cut away also, or the
side branches will not come out well. An idea
prevails that a new leading shoot will not come
out on the pine family after one has lost its first.
But this is a mistake ; sometimes they will not
show a disposition to do so, side shoots near the
leader's place will seem to put in a rival claim for
the leadership the following year, but if these are
then cut away they will not make a second
attempt, and the real leader will then push on into
its path of destiny.

The Scotch pine and the Chinese arborvitae, are
two plants which derive wonderful benefit from
the pruning knife. Both these are very liable to
get ragged when left entirely to their natural in-
clinations, but grow with a beautiful compact
luxuriance under the occasional application of the
knife. Indeed the Scotch pine with judicious
pruning makes one of the most beautiful ornaments
of the lawn and pleasure ground. It can be made
to take many odd forms ; one of the most pictur-
esque is obtained by cutting off its head about ten
feet high, and never let another leader grow. The
side branches are all cut away except the upper
tier, these spread then outwardly,— not exactly
creeping, but flowing forward in the most luxurious
green imaginable, making a much prettier arbor
than any weeping tree we ever saw.

Increased attention has been given the Rhodo-
dendron and Azalea the few past seasons, as they
prove to be much more easy to manage than
people formerly thought. It is found to be a
mistake that they need shade. It is only a cool
soil they require. This is made by deepening it,
and adding to it material which will keep it open
and porous at all seasons. We accomplish this
by adding fine brushwood with the heavy clay
loam. Those who have them in good growing
order should take care to keep them in good health
by occasional top-dressing. This they enjoy, as
the little hair-like roots fancy feeding in cool
places, near the surface.

Evergreen hedges will require attention as they
grow. Where the height desired has been attained
the top and strong growths should be cut back
while they are still watery. The side shoots need
not be touched till past midsummer. All wise
people now employ the conical shape for hedges.
In cutting back the top growth at this season, the
conical toim can still be preserved.

All those who have set out trees the past spring.

should take the first chance of a dry spell to
loosen the soil deeply about them with a fork, and
immediately after beat it down hard again with
the heel, or some better "clod-crusher." Innum-
erable lives of trees may be saved by this simple
practice.

Rare roses are increased by layers, buds and
cuttings; layers are made of the strong growths
as soon as the wood gets a little hard; a slit is cut
in the upper side of the shoot, to be layered, and
it is bent down into rich soil. Everything roots
sooner in rich than in poor soil. The cut used to
be made on the under side, but they are then
liable to break on bending down. Budding is
done by taking out a piece of bark with an
eye, and inserting it under the bark of another
kind and then tied in. It is nice amusement for
ladies, and any florist will explain the process to
those who do not know. Budded roses are not
very popular owing to the tendency of the kinds
used for stocks to throw up suckers, which, unless
the intelligence of the grower is equal to keeping
them off, in the end kills the kinds budded on them.
Rose cuttings are generally easily raised by those
who know little about it. In proportion as one
becomes a skilful florist, the failures to strike rose
cuttings increase. Almost every one who puts in
a few " shps " of half ripe wood into a pot of earth,
and sets the pot under a shady fence, succeeds ;
but as soon as he or she knows " all about it," they
can't strike roses. Here at least is an encourage-
ment to the new beginner.

COMMUNICATIONS.

CHRYSANTHEMUM FRAGMENTS.
BY WILLIAM T. HARDING.

Both spring and summer, as they gradually
merge into each other, bring forth in continuous
succession, an arra'y of pretty flowers pecu'iar to
each month, with remarkable punctuality. And
so true is this, that the keen observer of vegetable
physiology who carefully studies and closely
watches nature's operations, can see how precisely
regular are her habits, under normal conditions,
and with what rigid nicety she performs her
functions; would be able to recognize the correct
month of the year — were it possible to forget— by
the vegetation surrounding him. And, as the
regular periods continue to come and go, unre-
mittingly, the deep interest they naturally create,
never ceases, until the last leaf and flower fades
and falls into inevitable decay. And even then.

1885.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

163

the delightful remembrance of their very agreeable,
and truly companionable presence is not forgotten,
when dreary winter returns, and, after tarrying
awhile, retires to his boreal home, there to bide his
time. And no sooner has the shivering "blustering
railer," left us than we begin to look with joyous
expectation for the coming time, when, at the
bidding of gentle Flora, the portals of genial
spring are thrown open, for the cheerful sunbeams
to welcome and warm the sweet face of the first
fair flower that comes out to greet us. With in-
tense pleasure do we gaze upon the gorgeous floral
cortege in its continuously changing phases, while
passing by ! Till we perceive it begins to lose its
brilliant coloring, and becomes more attenuated,
and less conspicuously attractive, than when first
seen in its pristine beauty. One by one, the fra-
grant procession succumbs to the destructive touch
of withering Time, and we are reminded in the
poetical language of Holy Writ, of our fleeting
existence — " He cometh up, and is cut down, like
a flower," and thus, like them we pass away.

Contented mortals, who enjoy nature's favors,
and there are many such — indeed their name is le-
gion— who sedulously search for flowers in sunny
spots and pleasant places, "where summer first un-
folds her robes," and modestly displays her winsome
features to every admirer in whose bosom beats a
heart for love and friendship framed. And as the
season advances, when the drooping petals begin
to fade and fall around, and the dry leaves rustle
in the tops and beneath the trees and are scattered
to and fro with every changing wind, one of the
apparently last efforts of Nature to avert for a
while the temporary destruction of her cherished
progeny, in fatal October and November, is to
garnish the gardens again with gay Chrysanthe-
mums. And when we see the vigorous heralds
of old Frigidus, becomingly clad in seasonable
attire, spread their brilliant pennons and beautiful
banners to the autumnal breeze, we naturally feel
proud of the last survivors, whose severely tested
powers of endurance hold out as long as pos-
sible. Though compelled at last through sheer
stress of weather, to lower their colors and
surrender ; yet, like lonely pickets, or silent senti-
nels, we sometimes see striking instances of how
some of the hardiest of them will for a length of
time continue to bid defiance to the freezing at-
tacks of their unrelenting enemy. Jack Frost, in
some snug or sheltered nook, where he has not
found them out. And from these facts, we may
infer that all, or most of them, would unflinchingly
face the cold foe, for a longer time with but little

discomfort, under similar conditions ; while those
that are more fully exposed can not withstand his
frosty charges.

For open air, or out in the garden cultivation,
close hedges, or wind breaks of evergreens, or the
temporary shelter of a portable tent, are suggestive
modes ol protecting them, and thereby prolonging
the season of these interesting and popular flowers.
For those grown in pots, a cool greenhouse — pits
or frames — will afford better protection, when very
severe weather sets in. And thus, from a good
stock, properly housed, a sufficiency of plants may
be drawn at intervals, to give variety to other
plants in warmer houses, when drifting snows en-
shroud the world outside. And for occasionally
decorating the rooms, halls, or corridors in our
dwellings, their superiors among herbaceous
plants are few indeed. In fact, it would be
difficult to mention anything less liable to suffer
than they. Even should a few of them spoil
while remaining in such close quarters, the loss
will not be felt ; as from a very small stock,
specially saved, great numbers may be easily
propagated for the same service another year.

Of all plants under cultivation none are more
simple to manage or more suitable for decoration,
indoors or outside, than a good collection of these
much esteemed and showy flowers. And no better
test of the great popularity of these dazzling
beauties could be cited, than the interested throng
of appreciative observers who visited the spacious
Broad Street Horticultural Hall, in Philadelphia,
from the fifth to the eighth of last November ; to
inspect and admire the many splendid varieties
on exhibition there.

These old and familiar favorites came to us as
strangers from the " Flowery Kingdom ;" and were
kindly taken in and adopted by our forefathers,
more than one hundred years ago. And ever
since then they have continued to increase in
number, and multiply into many colored kinds
and novel forms to the great surprise and delight
of those who foster them. Until the brief in-
terregnum which occurred when the majestic
Dahlia rose up in all its regal splendor as another
claimant for our recognition, and partially
eclipsed the brilliancy of its smaller and less
ostentatious companion, they maintained the dis-
tinguished position justly conceded them. Since
then they have wonderfully developed from their
former comeliness into absolute objects of striking
beauty.

Had it been the privilege of all the many readers
of this magazine to have shared with the favored

1 64

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

ones who had the good fortune to behold the
magnificent spectacle the writer vainly strives to
depict in Philadelphia last November, like him,
they would feel how utterly futile it is to attempt
to give expression to the feelings of surprise and
admiration the sight of so much beauty produces
when suddenly coming in view. The numerous
examples of excellent cultivation comprised fine
specimens of a few of the good old kinds that
will always claim attention ; with the best modern
varieties of Japanese and Chinese species, whose
general good qualities could not possibly be
surpassed, I feel confident, at any similar ex-
exhibition on this continent. When making these
positive assertions I speak advisedly from what I
have seen and know about them in this and
other lands.

In the famous Temple Gardens of London,
where Shakspeare alleges the long and sanguinary
quarrel between the rival houses of York and
Lancaster first began— the factions of which were
symbolized by a white and red rose — and which
are now at this day more celebrated for fine,
handsome Chrysanthemums, than beautiful Roses,
where they are said to flourish better, in the damp
dense smoke of that vast city, than they do in
their native countries. And when the man of sci-
ence says, "the coal burned in London alone dis-
engages into the atmosphere three hundred thou-
sand tons of sulphurous acid annually;" it almost
seems incredible they could exist and thrive as un-
doubtedly«they do, in the stifling, murky fumes of
the modern Babylon. From the recollections 1
have of the noted Temple Garden plants, I can
say without the least hesitation, that I candidly
believe the Philadelphia grown ones were as near
par with them as possible. The only perceptible
difference appeared to be in the somewhat thinner
foliage about the base of the plants, caused by
our brighter sun and hotter summers; while in
floriferous beauty and symmetrical form they in
every respect were quite their equal.

Mount Holly, N. J.

ends of the copper wire a twist of one or two turns
close down above the label. This simply prevents
the label swinging on the wire ; where it hangs
loosely the almost unceasing vibrating in the wind
soon wears it away. I would add — although it has
already been given in Gardeners' Monthly —
that the best thing for marking zinc labels, especial-
ly where they are exposed to the weather, is a com-
mon lead pencil. The material of the pencil soon
corrodes the surface of the metal and the marking
becomes almost as lasting as the metal. In this case
the corrosion may be caused by galvanic action, due
to the carbon of the plumbago ; burying the label
in the earth does not obliterate the marking but
increases the corrosive action. This using of a
pencil the writer accidentally discovered in 1847,
while using zinc labels, with ink, according to a
recipe on page 575 of the Horticulturist of that
year^getting out of the ink in the hurry of plant-
ing, a pencil was used. Newark, N. V., April 4.
[In case there should.be any possible objection,
our correspondent sends us a label with a gal-
vanized eyelet inserted, as the metallic ones are
in ordinary parchment tags. — Ed. G. M.]

THE CHINA TREE.

WEARING OF THE EYE IN ZINC LABELS.
BY F. W.

Regarding the objection that the eyelet hole in
a zinc label soon wears away when it is suspended
by a copper wire, I have used them for some years
and, as I understand it, the wearing is not from
galvanic action but from the label swinging loosely
in the wind. To prevent this I have practiced —
before attaching the label to the tree— giving the

BY MRS. J. S. R. THOMSON.

I You failed to do full justice to Melia Azederach,
' Pride of India ; one variety called in ignorance
" Umbrella Tree " from its peculiar habit of growth
forming a dense round head, flattish underneath,
which, viewed at a distance, resembles somewhat
an umbrella in shape. This tree here in the South
is prized highly for several reasons, partly eco-
nomic and partly for its beauty. First — It is a
beautiful shade tree, furnished in May with myriads
of exquisitely fragrant lavender or lilac flowers,
which render the air intoxicating in its sweetness.
Second — For its valuable wood which works up
beautifully as cabinet work or interior wood work
to our dwellings. My father's stair-way made of it,
with handsomely turned newel post and balus-
trade, is often mistaken for mahogany, which it
closely resembles, only a lighter tint; and, third — •
for its useful berries, which southern housewives
used in ante-bellum days (when we had pork to
cure) to throw on the fires built to smoke our meat ;
wherein the virtue lay "deponent saycth not," but
guess, Yankee like, it must have destroyed the
larviE of the skipper.

There arc several varieties of this tree. Of the
Umbrella variety I have one I am very proud of,
planted in my back yard — not flower garden,

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

I6s

mark ye. It was obtained from seed of a tree
growing on historical ground — Alamo, Texas —
endeared to every American heart, but more so to
South Carolinians, for there our brave heroes met
death as only heroes can, and there their deeds are
recorded. "Thermopylae had her messengers of
defeat, Alamo had none." Spartansburg, S. C.

THE MARBLED ROSE.

BY MRS. M.D. WELLCOME.

It was only a day or two before receiving the
Gardeners' Monthly that I was thinking of this
rose, so familiar to me in my childhood, but which
I have not seen for forty or more years. I was
therefore specially interested in reading Mrs. Thom-
son's article respecting it, under its true name ; for
I have no doubt that the York and Lancaster rose
is identical with the one I only knew as the Mar-
bled Rose. I have often queried why it never
appears in the Rose catalogues, and whether it was
lost to the world. The neighbor who had the red
and white rose, had another she called the Damask
rose, and one she called the Hundred-leaf rose.
This was really the finest of all. It was a solid
rose and worthy of its name. I never have seen
a rose so solid full of leaves ; its color, if I remem-
ber right, was a delicate carmine, shading to a
very light blush, and so deliciously sweet. My
home when a child was in a lone farmhouse, and
there were no rose bushes, no flowering shrubs,
nothing but a little girl's garden of the most simple
flowers grown and a bush of Southernwood I Well
do I remember how fond our dear mother was of
that fragrant plant. You may be sure that I
always visited my good neighbor who lived half a
mile away, and had the roses, when I knew they
were in bloom. She had lilacs too, and tall holly-
hocks with their great single blooms. How
memory runs back to those far away years I I am
a child again ! I see those flowers just as I saw
them then, and remember the color of the holly-
hocks— pink, yellow and maroon. Well, if I did
not have the cultured flowers, I had the wild ones
rfll around me in grand profusion.

Ere the snow had fully melted, I went in quest
of the May flowers — April flowers they were more
truly ; and by their true name. Trailing .Arbutus,
I never knew them till long years after. They
grew in the greatest profusion on the farm, and I
knew well where the largest and pinkest could be
found. What basketfuls I gathered, and their
perfume filled the house. Just about one year
ago, a lady who lives very near my childhood

home, though an entire stranger to me, gathered
some of the blossoms from the old home, and sent
them to me. It was so kind and thoughtful of her.
There were Anemones and Hepaticas and Aqui-
legias in profusion, beautiful wild orchids, the
lowly violets, and in the woods 1 found the white
and, far more rare, the yellow violet. There were
great scarlet lilies in the field among the tall
waving grass, and in late autumn, the fringed
Gentian grew abundantly on a hill-side. It was
to me a lovely flower, but I never learned its
name till many years after I had gone far away.

But whither am I drifting ? I took my pen to
write a single paragraph about the red and white
rose, and it has led me rambling again over the
knolls and hills in search of the flowers of my
childhood ; surely I am in my dotage !

Yarmouth, Maine.

FLOWER NOTES FROM NEW ORLEANS.

BY M. H. LESTER.

Burchellia capensis is now in bloom, and I like
it. Sparmannia Africana makes too much foliage
for the amount of flower to be useful as a flower-
ing plant.

Eriostemon scaber and others are good. I have
got as good a plant as any one has, of Mackoya
bella — in a 7-inch pot — but I have never seen a
flower on it yet. I shall be more than grateful if
some of your correspondents will tell me what I
shall do to make it bloom. Brownea coccinea has
not bloomed here yet, but it's very interesting to
watch the new foliage in the course of develop-
ment.

What I got for Anthurium feriensis is now in
bloom, but the flower does not seem to correspond
with the plate in the catalogues. However, I will
wait for another flower before I condemn it.

The pleasantest forenoon I spent in a long time
was a day or so ago with our mutual friend in hor-
ticulture, W. H. Chadwick, Esq., the celebrated
orchid amateur of Chicago. I was glad to find
Mr. Chadwick not of a class of visitors that want
to get away before hardly there. They see all in
five minutes. To another class everything looks
like a Calla Lily or a " Wax Begonia ;" and, "have
you got any Smilax ?" is about about all the in-
quiry they have to make. Mr. C, like a good
soldier, will dispute every inch of ground in the
houses and outside, and if there be anything he
does not know he is not ashamed to inquire; but
when he gets in an orchid house he is a perfect
revelation. It is too bad we see so few like him.

1 66

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

I have four varieties of Passiflora in bloom in
the houses ; and the city is redolent with the per-
fume of Magnolia fuscata. And orange blossoms
have got to be such a nuisance. I have to rake
them up two or three times a week to keep them
from scalding the grass.

New Orleans, La., April 6th.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Raising New Varieties of Gladiolus.— Mr.
James Douglas gives the Gardeners' Magazine
his method as follows : "The variety intended to
bear seeds must be watched, and as soon as the
anthers can be perceived in the centre of the half
opened flowers they must be removed with the
finger and thumb, before the pollen cases burst. In
two days more the flowers will be fully open, and
the stigmatic portion will be quite ready to be
dusted with the pollen from another variety. I
dust the seed bearing flowers about four times. It
is easy to do this, because at the time of setting the
blossoms we go over the flowers twice a day. In
the morning between nine and ten, and in the
afternoon between two and three. The pods soon
begin to swell, and when at their full size they
very speedily ripen. They are ready to be
gathered as soon as the pods crack from the top
downwards. When gathered dry them in an airy
room. The pods may be wrapped up in paper
loosely until April, when they should be sown,
about the first day in that month. My plan is to
prepare a hot-bed for them, and to sow about fifty
seeds in a 7-inch pot, using good light compost. The
seeds vegetate in two weeks, and the way to be
successful is to keep the young plants growing on
without any check. The plants grow very rapidly,
but it is best not to disturb them. As they increase
in size, gradually admit more air, until by the end
of May the lights may be removed entirely ;
placing them over the frames only in very rough
and frosty weather. By the end of September or
not later than the middle of October, the young
seedhngs have completed their growth, and the
pots will be full of bulbs varying in size from a
marrow pea to a filbert. The pots may be laid on
their sides until the leaves decay, when the next
step will be to shake the bulbs out, wrap them up
in paper, and store the packages in a dry place
where frost cannot reach them. If the soil in the
pots is allowed to become moist after having been
dried off the bulbs will start into growth in a
few days, and will shoot up two inches in as many

weeks. Through an accident of this kind I had
500 bulbs start into growth out of 1,000 before the
end of October."

The Winter Aconite.— It is a matter of

surprise that this lovely flower is not more

common in American gardens. It is not much in

love with the common flower garden, but loves to

take care of itself in woods or thickets, or other

places where it can go on for years without being

disturbed. The yellow flowers are prettier than

any buttercup, and are open frequently before the

snow has wholly gone away. It is so generally

known by its common name that one is not likely

to get something else when ordering it, but it is

well to say that its botanical name is Eranthus

hyemalis. Thomas Noel has some pretty lines on

the Winter Aconite which we here reproduce :

Flower, that foi-etell'st a Spring thou ne'er shalt see,

Yet smileat still ujion tliy wintry-day,

Content with thy joy-giving destiny,

Nor envying fairer flowers their festal May, —

Ogoklen-ehaliced Aconite ! I'll lay

To heart the lesson that thou teachest me ;

I, too. crmtciitfil with my times will be,

And still a iil;i('lil aspect will display

In tempest-troubled seasons, — nor repine

That others, coming after, shall enjoy

A calmer ilay, a sunnier sky than mine ;

To speed the present, be my sweet employ ;

To cast into a stormy world my mite

Of cheer, like thee, gloom-gilding Aconite ! ,

Broken Branches of Norvitay Spruce. —
Under Norway Spruce trees towards spring, are
frequently found broken branches in consid-
erable quantities. The Editor has always re-
garded this as resulting from the operations of
a twig borer or girdler. Desiring to know
more of the supposed insect, specimens were
recently sent to Professor Riley, who doubts
whether the trouble comes from an insect at all.
This makes the matter mysterious. And it is well
worthy of the attention of acute observers. No
adequate cause for these broken branches has
been suggested. Mice or squirrels cannot do it,
as the twigs are not cut by teeth, but broken, as
examination by a lens clearly shows.

Disease of the Hollyhock. — This once
lovely flower promises soon to be extinct. It has
been relentlessly pursued by a fungus known as
Puccinia malvacearum, which so weakens it in a
year or two it dwindles and dies. It is as
bad in the old world as in America. A number
of other herbaceous plants suffer under culture in
the same way.

Rosa rubrifolia.— The taste for the original
wild single roses has developed remarkably since
the introduction of the Rosa rugosa. The Journal
des Roses says that one of the best is Rosa rubri-

i885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

167

folia — red-leaved Rose. It is a native of Dauphiny,
chiefly in the Vodges, and the humid mountains of
Auvergne.

Passion Flower, Constance Elliott.— A
pure white variety raised from the old Passiflora
ccerulea, has appeared in England. It is sweet-
scented, and will stand a few degrees of frost
without injury.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Hyacinth Bulbs. — "T. S. G." asks: "Are
Hyacinth bulbs that have bloomed in pots of earth
in the house of any value ? How shall they be
treated to bloom again ; either in pots or in the
open ground ?"

[If treated as they do in Holland, they would
come in again in time. The young offshoots are
planted in rich alluvial soil, and not allowed to
bloom till several years, but if just planted out in
the garden to take care of themselves, the future
blooms will be small and inferior. — Ed. G. M.]

Care of Lawns. — We have called attention to
the well-known fact, that no plant can live without
green leaves, and plenty of light to keep them
green ; and then to the obvious fact, that if we cut
grass low and keep it cut low, small creeping
weeds that could have no chance to grow if the
grass were long, will thrive and flourish, ultimately
killing the grass which the scythe or mower has
kept down. An eminent landscape gardener had
his attention called to these views and writes to
his correspondent in a southern state as follows :

" I have read the articles in the Gardeners'
Monthly in regard to lawns. Mr. Meehan's ex-
perience does accord with our experience, in the
cutting of lawns. The frequent cutting of grass
strengthens the roots of the smaller weeds and
gives them power to drive out the coarser grasses.
It is true that the crab grass, fox-tail, buck-horn,
&c., creep into lawns late in the season when the
finer kinds have considerably slackened their
growth. But to stop cutting at that time would
be to abandon the field to the enemy. You know
how quickly the fox-tail and buck-horn spring up
and go to seed, and can imagine the rapid repro-
duction of these pests that would take place were
no check placed upon their growth. Of course
you have not any trouble of this kind ; the Ber-
muda grass taking possession to the exclusion of
everything else. The making of a good lawn de-
pends chiefly, as Mr. Meehan says, on the proper
preparation of the ground, the selection of proper

seed and the subsequent care ; but also, to a con-
siderable extent, on climatic conditions.

"At Newport, R. I., they have the finest lawns
in America and they are cut not less often than
once a week, but frequently as often as once in
four or five days. In the South, where the Ber-
muda has control, there is no problem. It is only
in the North where the trouble presents itself. The
addition of a small application of salt is an excel-
lent practice, though very old. Salt induces mois-
ture, and also benefits the grass by the chlorine
and soda which it contains."

[This excellent letter on general lawn culture,
shows how hard it is to get any practice down to
rule. Instead of rules for practice, we usually
prefer to offer principles and let the practice take
care of itself. The principle involved here is that
if we check the stronger plants— grass say for in-
stance,— weaker plants — Speedwells for illustration
—the great pests of lawns here — will be strengthen-
ed. But we don't want to strengthen these, but to
weaken them ; therefore in practice, if we desire
to weaken these dwarf creeping weeds, we must
let the grass grow fast enough to overshadow and
shade them.

But in our correspondent's case we have stronger
and coarser grasses that we do not want, struggling
with the weaker grass which we desire to
strengthen. The cutting-back practice here is not
in accord with the principle, but the reverse. We
desire to encourage the weaker, not to destroy it
as in the former case. Hence the practice of
letting the grass grow in the fall would be, as our
correspondent says, very bad practice. It is just
what we should recommend, and, is in accord and
not in opposition to the principle laid down. — Ed.
G. M.]

Double Fringed Petunias. — Mr. Rupp, Shire-
mantown, Pa., writes : " I send to you by this
mail, three flowers of my new Petunias I told you
about last winter in Lancaster. The one in the
middle is only about two-thirds the average size ;
the plant I cut it from had at least fifty flowers
and buds at one time. I think this the finest of
them. I have six varieties. I grew them from
seed and don't think there are any like them in
the country, and probably not any where. Every
one who saw them gave them the highest praise."

[These are the double fringed forms that we
noted recently as being offered this season by the
Prussian seedsmen. These are the first living
examples we have seen. They are particularly
attractive.— Ed. G. M.]

1 68

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

Greenhouse and House Gardening,

COMMUNICATIONS.

WINTER AND SPRING FLOWERING DEN-

DROBES.

BY JOHN MURCHIE.

The winter and spring flowering members of the
Dendrobium family are among the most beautiful,
and they are certainly the most enjoyable, as at this
season of the year (March) the greenhouse is a very
comfortable place. And even a few green leaves
seem to give more pleasure to many visitors than
the finest collection would in the hot summer
months.

Dendrobiums differ very much in appearance.
Some are evergreen, others deciduous; some have
short, stout, club-shaped bulbs with only a few
leaves at the top ; others again have tall, erect
growing stems clothed with evergreen leaves their
entire length, while others are drooping and decid-
uous. They also differ very much in their man-
ner of flowering. All are easily grown when
given proper attention. Nearly all of them are
very tenacious of life, and very rarely die outright,
but will cling to life under conditions that would
kill almost any other plant. Yet when given a lit-
tle care and attention they adapt themselves to
their surroundings wonderfully well.

The culture of the different species, and the
mode of treatment best suited to each, can only
be gained after some experience. The application
of water has much to do with the thrift of this
grand genus ; some of the species require water to
be given from the syringe every day and from the
watering-pot two or three times a week. Such sorts
as Devonianum, Pierardi, and many others, re-
quire this treatment during the growmg season.
These kinds have long, slender stems; others that
have stouter and more fleshy stems require much
less water, and seem to enjoy drawing subsistence
from their own storehouse, the old pseudo-bulbs.
Some require a much longer period of rest than
others ; this is true of densiflorum, farmerii, thyrsi-
florum, and others of the same character, for un-
less they have a long rest they do not flower freely.

Many of the Dendrobes make fine growths in
the winter or what ought to be their resting period.
This should be avoided as much as possible, as it

always prevents profusion of bloom, and the plants
generally make two in the year, the last not as
strong as the first. I used to think, that too much
moisture in the house was the cause of this, and
probably it has something to do with it, but I am
satisfied that over watering in the fall just as
growth is being completed has more to do with
this winter growth than atmospheric moisture
afterward ; as growth nears completion water
should be given sparingly and the plants should
have full exposure to the sunlight, with airy
quarters, to ripen up their growths. With such
species as nobile, Wardianum, Devonianum, etc.,
this is most essential ; if too much water be given
they will start into growth again, before, or just as
the season's growth is completed, it is then impossi-
ble to check them without injury to the plants, and
enough water should be given to keep the old
bulbs plump until the young have made roots,
when a little more may be given. But plants
growing in winter will not require a third of the
water that growing plants do in the summer. I
never give water in the winter unless I see signs
of shrivelling when a little water at the root and a
gentle syringe overhead restores them to proper
condition.

The following have bloomed with us here and
made the house gay all winter: D. nobile, in
succession, D. Wardianum, D. lituiflorum, D-
Cambridgianum, D. primulinum, D. densiflorum,
D. Pierardi (this with more than 600 flowers), D.
crassinode, D. Devonianum, D. pulchellum, D.
superbum. The three last are just beginning to
open their flowers now. Sharon, Pa., March, iSS^.

MIXED PLANTS IN GREENHOUSES.

BY MANSFIELD MILTON.

We are better informed in the culture of green-
house plants than was known, say ten or fifteen
years ago. Then it was thought special plants
should have special houses to insure success in
their culture. Especially was this the case in re-
gard to Orchids, but now in almost all collections
of greenhouse plants are to be found more or less
of the Orchid family.

A few days ago 1 visited the greenhouses in my
neighboring town of Sharon, Pa., presided over by

1885. 1

.AND HORTICULTURIST.

169

your correspondent, John Murchie, and there are
to be seen some of the finest tlowered orchids,
comprising such kinds as Phalasnopsisgrandiflora,
Schilleriana, and amabiUs, Ccelogyne cristata,
and flaccida, Dendrobium nobile, Farmerii,
crassinode, albo sanguinea, and Paradianum,
Phajus grandifohus, Cyprepids, Laelias, Cattleyas,
Lycastes and Oncidiums, and lots of others too
numerous to mention ; all in the best of health, and
growing in a general collection of such plants as
Begonias of all kinds. Azaleas, Adiantums and
other ferns, Roses, and in fact all kinds of plants
found in a general collection of greenhouse plants.
Mr. Murchie is an enthusiast in the business, and
does not like to be outwitted in the culture of any-
thing. He especially loves Orchid culture and
having nothing but the houses where a general col-
lection of plants are grown to keep his favorites, has
studied the general laws governing vegetable life
and the requirements necessary for maintaining it
in a healthy condition.

A temperature during winter of from 50° to 60°
as a minimum, having sufficient moisture at all
times, is suitable for the flowering of most kinds of
greenhouse plants and warm enough for a good
many of what are termed East Indian Orchids, re-
quiring a high, moist temperature during the time
they are making their growth, which is generally
done during summer, when a high temperature can
be kept up without the aid of much artificial heat.
At the same time plenty of ventilation being given,
thereby ripening their growths into perfection, and
making them in better condition for flowering
abundantly and enduring a somewhat adverse
treatment during a few winter months.

Our warm summers give us a better opportunity
for thoroughly ripening Orchids of all kinds,
natives of warm regions, than they have in coun-
tries where the mean temperature is much lower
than with us. On the other hand, what is con-
sidered a greenhouse temperature during winter
with us, would in England be suitable for an
intermediate house. This to a large extent is why
we grow with success so many plants in our green-
houses, which are considered unsuitable for the
greenhouses in the old countries.

Orchids of all kinds can now be bought at much
more reasonable prices than they could formerly.
Importers here now get them direct from their
native countries instead of getting them second-
handed from Europe ; which is not only the means
of giving us cheaper plants, but also of giving us a
chance of getting superior kinds than formerly, as
seldom did any new and extra kind find its way

across the Atlantic so long as a poorer variety of
the same thing could be had to send.

There are a good many dififerent varieties even
of the same species to be met with in their native
habitat, and by importing directly we get some
of the finer kinds, as well as the poorer varie-
ties. Youngs town, O.

CORAL TREE.

BY MR. CH.\RLES E. PARNELL.

The cockscomb coral tree, Erythrina crista-galli
is a very beautiful summer blooming shrub of
deciduous habit, belonging to the natural order
Leguminosae, and it is a native of Brazil, from
whence it was introduced in 1771. In its native
country it is said to attain to the height of a tree,
some forty feet or more, but in cultivation it rarely
exceeds six or eight feet. It is a plant of robust,
vigorous growth, having an arboreous unarmed
stem, the prickly petioles bearing the bright green
ternate leaves which are slightly notched on the
under side. The pea-shaped flowers which are
very showy, and of a brilliant scarlet crimson
color, are produced in pairs at the axils of the
leaves, during the plant's season of growth,
some three or lour times. This Erythrina is a
plant easily grown, and can be cultivated by
all, as during the winter season it requires no other
protection than that offered by a dry frost-proof
cellar. When grown as a single specimen on
the lawn it forms an object of great beauty; its
showy crimson scarlet flowers form such a decided
contrast with its bright, glossy foliage, that it can-
not fail to attract the attention even of the most
indifferent or careless observer. The prefera-
ble method of cultivating this plant is to set
it out about the tenth of May in a well enriched
deep soil, and as soon as hot, dry weather sets in
a liberal mulch of coarse stable manure applied
and liberal supplies of water given. Thus treated
the plants will produce very satisfactory results
until the foliage is destroyed by frost, when the
plants should be carefully taken up, placed in a
tub or box, the roots covered with earth and stored
in any dry frost-proof cellar, where it can remain
until wanted for planting out another season. The
plants are apt to grow rather straggling, and on
this account they should be cut back into shape,
before being planted out in the spring. In hot,
dry weather the plant is sometimes troubled by
the red spider and as soon as these pests are
noticed, the plants should be copiously syringed
until the pests are destroyed. Propagation is

I/O

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

effected by seeds and cuttings. Cuttings, if
taken off at a joint and placed in sand in gentle
bottom heat, will soon take root, and if the young
plants are potted off as soon as rooted, and liber-
ally treated, nice flowering specimens will soon be
obtained. If we desire to increase the plants by
means of seeds, which by the way are freely pro-
duced— they should be sown as early as possible,
about the first of January, and flowering plants
will be obtained the coming summer. Sow the
seeds thinly, placing the eye down, in a well
drained pot or pan of light rich soil and place in
a warm, moist situation, and as soon as the young
plants are strong enough to handle, carefully re-
move them into three-inch pots similarly prepared,
then place them in a warm, moist situation, and
use all available means to obtain as strong plants
as possible before they are planted outside.

The generic name is derived from " erythros,"
red, the color of the flowers, and the specific in
allusion to the fancied resemblance the flowers
bear in form and color to the comb of a cock.

Queens, L. I., New York.

FLOWERING OF THE SUNSET ROSE.

BY F. F. SMITH.

I notice in May number remarks by Mr. A. Wil-
liams on Sunset Rose and blind wood. I have two
thousand plants of this (with me) valuable rose
in beds and in pots. I find it in habit of bloom and
growth identical with Perle des Jardins. The buds
are better keepers. It is my opinion that the
" blind wood " is a natural result of too low
temperature. I have houses running east and
west, ICO feet in length, two-thirds of the roof
pitched to the south, with drop to the east of six
inches in the ridge pole, gutters and plates, glass
east ends, thus catching all the sunlight 1 can.

Soil — sand loam fed with clay, cow manure and
ground bone. Soil well stirred every week, with
bone dust on the surface. Roses syringed every
morning when the sun shines, with temperature at
about 70°. Night temperature at 55O to 63°.

It is my impression that it is best to take cuttings
from blooming shoots, of the strongest growth and
from the strongest plants. It is also my e.xperi-
ence that free budding is much enhanced if the
soil is not over-watered. No florist has ever
worked for me that uses as little water over the
soil as I do. I do not want my soil leached by
over water, or any forcing by extra heat. Con-
stant steady treatment gives me plenty of blooms,
and foliage to the ground. Normal Park, Illinois.

THE SUNSET ROSE.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

In the May number, Mr. A. Williams, of
Sharon, Pa., says that his Sunset roses this winter
have shown, in a marked degree, a tendency to
make blind instead of flowering shoots, and asks
if this is not in consequence of its having been
propagated from blind shoots? It was formerly
held that to get the best results from roses,
plants should only be propagated from the flower-
ing shoots ; but few rose-growers now believe that
to have any influence whatever in the tendency to
prolific flowering, and that as a matter of fact,
the great majority of roses are now propa-
gated from blind shoots, also that as good, if not
better results now are obtained by our large rose-
growers than ever before.

The past winter we have had about equal quan-
tities of Sunset and Perle des Jardins, grown both
in pots and planted out in benches, and the flower-
ing qualities of each have been almost identical —
both flowering profusely. Mr. Williams' complaint
is the first I have heard of a tendency in the "Sun-
set" to make blind shoots. 1 am afraid it may be
attributed to another cause, rather than that of
having been propagated from blind shoots.

About a dozen years ago I had a bench of very
fine Safrano roses in excellent health, two or three
feet in height, that showed a tendency to run blind to
an unusual degree. One of the rose-growers from
Madison, N. J., calling one day, 1 asked him what
he thought was the matter. He said if I would al-
low him to pull up a plant he could show me. He
did so, and shook from the roots of the plant
pulled up, scores of maggots (the larvas of the
rose-bug). That was the first time I had seen
this pest. Whenever roses assume a barren con-
dition and are otherwise healthy, I think it will be
found that the larvas of the rose-bug, in most
cases, are sapping the vitality of the plant.

It is possible that this may account for the bar-
renness of flower in Mr. Williams' "Sunsets," for
it certainly is not peculiar to that variety, nor do I
think the way it was propagated has anything to
do with it. The only remedy we have ever found
for the rose-bug is to destroy the perfect insect,
which is found, usually, in pairs crawling under
the leaves; it is not easily seen but its presence is
known by its cutting a semi-circular piece out of
the edge of the leaves. We have completely
eradicated them by giving our boys a dollar a
hundred for catching the bugs. No insecticide
we have ever t icd will kill the bug that docs not

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

171

at the same time, less or more, injure the fohage ;
and to destroy the larvs in the soil we are even
more helpless. Jersey City, N. J.

[Mr. Henderson makes a good point in observ-
ing that sterile branches come from many condi-
tions. Many years ago greenhouse builders kept
chiefly in view, how to enclose the most space at
the least cost. This meant somewhat flat houses.
The steeper the pitch, the more material and the
more cost. The editor has one such house in
mind ; roses were grown in it ; they flowered very
badly. Along the back wall some Noisettes, such
as Laraarque and others, were planted and would
not bloom at all. During the summer the ventila-
tors were thrown open, and so remained all summer.
Branches of these Noisette roses came through
the ventilators and spread over the glass ; all these
exposed branches flowered in profusion ; none of
those that remained growing in the house flowered
at all. It was one of our early lessons on the
value of steep roofs and plenty of direct light for
obtaining flowers from winter plants. And it is
here offered as a lesson that may have some
bearing on the question of blind shoots. There
a-e, however, many other influences as well as
want of direct light — and these may prevail even
in spite of abundance of direct light. — Ed. G. M.]

THE CULTURE OF CACTUSES.
BY N. ROBERTSON.

Since sending you my photographs of flower
beds and mentioning that there was a Cactus bed
in the background, I have had several communi-
cations asking me to give some hints on Cactus
culture through your monthly, as it would be
beneficial to many ; so with this in view I give
what I have found to be the most successful
method of treating them. Cactuses as a general
thing do not hold a very prominent position in
most collections, and why, I can hardly under-
stand, for there are but few plants that will yield
a more gorgeous display of flowers than they do,
when well-cultivated. If the plants had nothing
more to recommend them than their curious forms
they would be worth a place in all collections. I
know of no plants easier of cultivation than these
are ; but whatever species are met with in
collections, it is usual to find all subjected to the
same treatment as other greenhouse plants. In
this way no one need ever expect to be successful.
A study of their natural habitats will soon show
this. - As they come from Mexico, Brazil and Peru,
with their dry and wet seasons, unless they have

a dry season and a rest but few flowers need be
expected. The best way to treat them is to put
them away in some place, where the temperature
does not fall below 45°, give no water unless
they are very much shriveled up. Never mind
a little shrivel, that does them good in most cases.
Beware of cold damp places, or you will be sure
to rot your plants. Those that flower late in the
fall or spring, I put outside, taking now and then a
casual glance to see that they do not suffer too
much, but there is little danger of that.

In potting them special attention must be given
to material and drainage. The material I use
consists of good loam, old lime rubbish, with a
fair share of coarse sand. The lime rubbish must
be taken from some old ruin ; fresh is not good.
Arrange to insure drainage, and above all things
do not overpot them. Keep them in as small pots
as the roots will admit of The time to pot is just
before you start them to grow ; but never change
them unless you see they are very much bound in
the pot, and when you do so be sure to cut away
all dead roots, or they will destroy the soil. The
lumps of lime rubbish are more for keeping the
soil open and ensuring perfect drainage than for
any other thing. When growing, a fair share of
water may be given. Cleanliness is always a
material point to be observed, and a wash over
now and then with tepid water will do much to in-
vigorate them. This should be especially attended
to when taking them from their resting places into
the house. The mealy bug is perhaps, their worst
enemy, and sometimes it is necessary to use some
insecticide that will run in on them and destroy
them. When growing let them have free sunlight,
and from 60-' to 90° in temperature will do them
no harm ; in fact, most of them enjoy a very high
temperature. I keep mine on shelves close to
the glass ; and when they are coming into flower
place them amongst other plants in the houses,
and they make a gorgeous display. At this
time as low a temperature as they will bear will
lengthen the duration of the flower.

One party writes me asking how to make a bed
of Cactus. In all cases the plants should be put so
that they can be all seen. If only from one side,
then the tallest should be in the background.
If to be seen from all sides, the tallest should
occupy the centre, studying to vary the subjects as
much as possible. I prefer to plunge the pots, for
; in handling them men may be heard expressing
themselves in no very nice language. You must
be careful that the bed is complete in its drainage.
I I am frequently asked if there is any work pub-

172

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

lished on the Cactus. I know of none of any
importance, although I have frequently searched
for one. Such a work would be of great value to
many, for I know of no class of plants so badly
mi-\ed as they are. [Castle's Cactaceous Plants may
be had at the Gardeners' Monthly office for 50
cts. Ed. G. M] Every one seems to have chosen
a name for himself My experience has been that
from ten different parties you will have almost ten
different specific names, but really only the one
species of plant. Government Grounds, Canada.

IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPAGATING
PLANTS.

BY W. M. BOWRON.

In your answer to Mrs. J. S. R. Thomson,
at page 106, you speak of boxes of rooted heath
cuttings and give us to understand that the
illiterate youth and the sand mush had " done
done it," to use the darky phrase. Can this be
really so ? Was old Donald Beaton with his 50
years of life in harness as a head gardener playing
with our inexperience when he spoke of taking
single cuttings of Erica, putting in thumb pots
"with peat and broken sandstone in lumps, getting
finer toward the top, and at least half an inch of
silver sand on the surface ?" The whole was to be
surmounted with a bell glass and shaded from the
sun, and the glass wiped out every morning for
months — eight months he speaks of in one instance
in the Journal of Horticulture of 20 years ago.
Has horticulture grown since that day to the
simple means you indicate ? I am interested in
your reply, for I used to grow Cape Heaths in
England in a greenhouse suited to them. Are
they to be grown in the fierce dry heats of this
country ?

I have before me two trade catalogues. One
tells me to water Primula sinensis sparingly and the
other says " needs plenty of water." Again, certain
correspondents seem to have had difficulty in
raising it from seed. My experience with this
plant is, that you can water it much, water it little,
give it rich soil or starve it, keep it in a steady
temperature or give it the jerky alterations of an
amateur fired house and its bells will open at the
proper time if — and it is indispensable — it has
drainage. In the seedling stage it can be raised
without difficulty, with drainage perfect and
protection from burning sun heat. I am glad to
see the Gloxinia recommended as an amateur's
flower. A fifty-cent package of seed gave me
several dozens of -plants last summer and the bulk

of them bloomed in the fall. Nothing could be
more beautiful, if I except the lovely hues of that
old trailer Torenia Asiatica. So. Pittsburg, Tenn.

[The Heaths in our mind when speaking were
E. stricta, E. cineria, E. vagans, and E. vulgaris.
These are hardy in this part of Pennsylvania, if a
few dry leaves are scattered over them in the fall.
With the tenderer species we have had no experi-
ence in propagating in this easy way, but have no
doubt ot similar success. Other Cape and Aus-
tralian plants are so raised ; for instance. Poly-
galas, Metrosideros, Acacias, Chorozemas, Genistas,
and so forth. Everything in fact of this class
without distinction are placed in square boxes or
round pans of sand, water-tight and placed on
tables or benches in a full light greenhouse, or
partially shaded one in June, July, and August.
Being water-tight, they need no water, or very little
as evaporation takes some away. Our present im-
pression from what we have seen the past few
years is, that there is nothing at all but will grow
on this simple plan. The only art is in selecting
the wood for propagating. Mature wood will not
do, and in very few instances must be as much as
half ripe.

Possibly our warm suns havegiven an advantage
that Donald Beaton never had. The cuttings
under this treatment seem to like hot sun. We
know one amateur who was very successful with
these soft wood rose cuttings, and who had no
greenhouse. He used to place his saucers of sandy
mush on the hot gravel path of his vegetable
garden. These rose cuttings would be all fully
rooted under two weeks of this treatment. — Ed.
G. M.]

«-»-»^ ■

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Electricity in Bouquets.— On a recent public
occasion the Princess of Wales carried a bouquet,
in the centre of which was a small electric light.
It was too heavy to carry comfortably, but the
electric engineers think they can do better next
time.

Arrangement of Roses as Cut Flowers. —
Mr. Joseph H. Brown, the Ex-President of Rhode
Island Horticultural Society, recently addressed
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, on Roses,
and gave the following suggestions about them as
cut flowers :

"The arrangement of cut roses is a matter of
taste, in regard to which there does not exist a
unanimity of sentiment, else we should be wearied
with a continual sameness. But there are certain

i885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

'73

fixed laws that regulate the decorative art in
flowers. Too many blooms are used for single
baskets and bouquets, wheie they are crowded
together promiscuously, exhibiting a mass of petals,
the form and color of each separate flower being
indistinct, with little of its own foliage to render
the proper effect. The more nearly roses are
shown as they naturally grow, the handsomer they
are. The stiff artificial stem, without the leaf of
the flower, propped up by smilax, ferns, and other
green things than its own, is not like Nature.
Hand bouquets of roses and buds are more beau-
tiful when made of one variety with its own foliage,
stems long and loosely bunched, having a small
number, well chosen, of sweet odor. A collection
in basket form or for parlor decoration had better
lack a flower than have one too many, the object
being to form a graceful, refreshing and suggestive
picture, preserving an 'easy negligence mixed
with art.' Show each bloom separately, reposing
in its own green, and a few colors have a better
effect than many. If a combination is thought to
be desirable, red, white and buff form a pleasing
one. The beauty of roses is much enhanced when
displayed in masses. As a rule, if there are to be
many flowers, use the delicate shades ; if few, the
deeper tones. Large and choice roses are always
more effective when displayed in proper standards
for their reception as single specimens."

Clematises as Pot Plants. — Though per-
fectly hardy, these are often grown as pot plants,
and are special features at some of the Horticul-
tural Exhibitions in the old world.

Expensive Orchids. — Orchids are very ex-
pensive, because they cannot be readily propa-
gated so as to give good plants in a reasonable
time. They are, therefore, mostly imported from
their native haunts. It has been discovered that
one choice kind, Phalaenopsis, may be increased by
root cuttings. How far this may be the case with
others depends on experiment.

A Large Chrysanthemum, a French variety,
Mademoiselle — well, let us say Miss — Cabrol, is re-
presented as being between nine and ten inches
across.

The Camellia. — At one time the camellia was
the leading plant for furnishing cut flowers. The
introduction of forced roses, carnations, &c., com-
pletely dethroned it. It was sent further to the
rear than it deserved. It is now advancing again,
and florists tell us there is considerable demand
for camelUa flowers.

The Rose-leaf Fungus. — Under this name, an
alarming trouble is exciting the rose growers of the
old world. It is said to be "epidemic" in Ger-
many. It is described as a species of Asteroma ;
but the description of its terrible effects indicates

a very close relationship to the one formerly de-
scribed by Mr. Wm. Trelease as playing havoc
with American roses.

Toads in Greenhouses. — Those troubled with
wood-lice in greenhouses may obtain immunity by
introducing a few toads. They are very useful
creatures.

Utilizing the Trunks of Tree Ferns. —
Some tree ferns were sent from Australia to the
Centennial, but arrived dead. These trunks are
still in the fern house, but have other kinds grow-
ing out from the trunk. It seems like adding in-
definitely to the species of tree ferns.

A Fine Chrysanthemum. — Mr. Wm. Barr, of
Orange, New Jersey, tells the Garden: "My
gardener, Mr. John Farrell, has been successful
this year in growing some of the finest standard
Chrysanthemums ever shown in this country. He
exhibited eight to the New York Horticultural
Society, ranging in height from 7 feet to 8 feet 6
inches. We had one, Elaine, which was 9 feet 6
inches, but that was unfortunately broken by a
severe wind storm.

DisE.\SES OF Roses. — One would suppose that
of all plants the least liable to diseases would be
the dear old rose, which has maintained a popu-
lar standing forsome three thousand years. But
the French journals are full of accounts of all
sorts of "maladies" that bother the queen of
flowers when she is trying to look her best and
prettiest. The " Nielle " (mildew) seeming to be
the most pestiferous of all these "mal-seant"
things.

Early Flowering Azaleas. — L' Horticulture

Beige says that Azaleas Sigismund Rucker and
Wilson Sanders, will bloom easily in September.

NEW OR RARE PLANTS-

Double Bouvardias. — The double Bouvardias,
raised by Nanz & Neuner, are having a remark-
able run of popularity all over Europe.

Begonia hybrida gigantea. — Under this name
Heineman offers a new begonia that has the male
flowers six inches across ! An Italian paper says
one might take the flower for a huge pansy.

Coleus, Nonsuch. — Coleuses change very much
from what they were under glass when they get
into the open ground. The raiser of this one
claims that it holds its own through all treatment.

174

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

The specimen sent us is very pretty. The leaves
are mottled with pink, crimson, yellow and white,
edged with green and deeply serrated.

Rose, Mervaille de Lyon. — This is a sport
from Baroness Rothschild, and is precisely like it
in all respects, except the petals are white as snow.
It was noted first by Mons. Pernet, of Lyons, in
1879, and sent out in 1882.

and trouble he will deserve well of the floral
world.

DiEFFENBACHiA REGINA.— A very distinct and
striking addition to the Araceous family, intro-
duced from South America. It has oblong elliptic
leaves, which are rounded at the base, shortly
acuminate, and almost wholly covered with
greenish white, mottled with blotches of pale

Dieffenbacbia regina.

A Dwarf Stephanotis.— Among the sweetest
and best things for cut flowers is Stephanotis flori-
bunda. It beats orange blossom in fragrance,
and will keep for a week without fading. The
flowers bring enormous prices in Covent Garden
market; still it does not pay. It takes too much
room and comes in rather late in spring. A new
dwarf and'carlier kind has now been introduced
called the Elvaston variety. If one can tell how
to keep it clear of mealy bugs without much labor

green, and having a narrow margin, and a few
streaky markings of a deeper shade. The greater
portion of the upper surface of the leaf-blade,
whose two sides are nearly equal in breadth, being
of this pallid hue, with the few but distinct dark
markings, the plant is very effective and well
entitled to be regarded as the Queen of the
Dieffenbachias. This beautiful plant has frequently
been shown in Mr. W. B.'s winning collections of
new plants at an exhibition in London recently.

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

•75

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Those who have small gardens and love to grow
their own fruits and vegetables, have little idea
how great is the advantage in having deep soil to
grow them in. Not only can one get double the
crop from the same ground, but the quality is vast-
ly superior to that of vegetables raised in shallow
ground. The old-time gardeners — the men of the
spade and the digging fork — understood this matter
thoroughly, and a good part of leisure time in win-
ter was spent in trenching ground, as they termed
it. To do this a trench would be opened about
three feet wide and two deep, the earth taken out
being wheeled to the end of the plot to be trenched
so as to be on hand to fill in the last trench. The
top soil — the upper spit or spade-full would be
thrown off entirely, and the lower spit being simply
dug up and suffered to remain the lower spit. The
next trench of three feet wide would then be at-
tacked, the surface spit being thrown on the lower
spit of the first trench, the lower being loosened as
before. In this way the ground would be loosened
two feet deep without burying the surface soil. In
former times this was hard work, because done
wholly by the spade. Since the introduction of
the digging-fork it is much easier, and double the
work can be done in the same time. But the com-
petition of the plow and plenty of manure has so
cheapened vegetables that few care to put this
labor on ground — but those who want something
extra nice and love to see everything growing
beautifully, no matter how dry the summer season
may be, will find much delight in a small piece of
thoroughly deepened ground. This is the season
to watch the effect of deep and shallow garden
soil, and the lessons learned can be put into prac-
tice when the proper time arrives. Some things
especially do so remarkably in deep soils, that one
will hardly recognize them as the same plants.

Beans produce an enormous crop in deeply
trenched soils, and are improved as much as any
crop by surface manuring. We hope this method
of fertilizing the soil will be extensively adopted
for garden crops this season. Those who have
not yet tried it will be surprised at the economy
and beneficial results of the practice.

Peas for a fall crop may be sown. It is, how-
ever, useless to try them unless in a deeply trench-
ed soil, and one that is comparatively cool in the
hottest weather overhead, or they will certainly
mildew and prove worthless. In England where
the atmosphere is so much more humid than
ours, they nevertheless have great difficulty in
getting fall peas to go through free from mildew ;
and to obviate these drying and mildew-producing
influences, they often plant them in deep trenches,
made as for celery, and then are much more suc-
cessful with them.

Besides the lessons we may draw from watching
deep and shallow soils, there will be much profit
in the study of manures, and especially in the cul-
ture of fruit trees.

The hints given in our flower garden depart-
ment on pruning may be read with profit here also.

COMMUNICATIONS.

PRUNING AND CARE OF ORCHARDS.

BY ERNEST WALKER.

The old proverb, " Prune when your knife is
sharp," has often been repeated, but if we follow
it we are some time sure to cut too deep.

Winter is commonly recommended, but needs
some modification. If large limbs are removed at
this season, water penetrates the wounds, and
freezing ruptures the tissue exposed, dying, de-
caying, resulting in large wounds — ulcers that
never heal, sapping insidiously the vitality of the
tree. Cut the limb at a time when the wound will
heal, by what doctors call " the first intention."
This is just before the buds swell and active
growth begins in spring. But heavy pruning should
be avoided — prevention is better than cure. Train
the tree up in the way it should go, or grow, as
well as the child, from the beginning.

The business of the fruit-grower should also be
fruit-culturist. His business is not merely to gather
the fruits and profits of the orchard, but to care
for and cultivate it first. Water seeks its level.
All forces naturally meet on equilibrium ; when
water rises above its level, it is only kept there by
force or tension.

1/6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

IJune,

Man, flowers and fruits in their present degree
of perfection have been elevated through cultiva-
tion ; exhibiting a constant tendency to revert to
their former state — they are only kept above that
level by continued effort — cultivation, the power
that raised them above it.

If the orchardist would eat wild fruit, let him go
there to gather ; neglect his orchard, and he may
also gather there. All reward is earned. "Asa
man soweth so shall he reap."

Design is a principle of creation manifest in all
God's works— the potter shapes the clay while soft
to suit his design — the orchardist should also heed
the principle. The care of the orchard begins
with the purchase of the trees — then is the time to
shape the tree— the orchard— cultivating it, re-
membering profit's reward is for those who toil.
Mines yield their golden ore only to those who dig,
and according to your dues, so shall come the re-
ward. Greencastle, Ind.

new name given, and sold as a new variety. We
enclose a copy of our contract, and will send a
similar one, with the history of the original tree, to
all persons who apply for it.

Parry P. O., New Jersey.
[The object of our note was chiefly to note that
there were two names given to the same pear by
different firms ; and the public had a right to know
this, in order to be kept from buying the same tree
twice over. As to the right of the question, there
can be no question that the owners of the original
tree have the right to name it. They say its name
is Lawson, and Lawson it must be. — Ed. G. M.]

OLD APPLE TREES.

BY G. ONDERDONK.

THE COMET PEAR.
BY WILLIAM PARRY.

This pear, referred to in the May number of
Gardeners' Monthly, was introduced as a new
pear, which it is not, but is a very old variety, be-
lieved to be more than loo years old. The origi-
nal tree is still standing on the estate formerly
belonging to John Lawson the elder, descended to
his children and grandchildren, who now own and
occupy the premises, have several orchards in
bearing, and have marketed 1 50 crates of pears a
season, and to whose generosity the person who
apphed the name of Comet to this pear is indebted
for grafts.

When we purchased the exclusive privilege of
propagating and selling them to others, being the
first sale ever made of this variety, a clause was
inserted in the contract that it should be " under
the true name of Lawson pear." So that if our
firm is the one alluded to as distributing the pear
"as the Lawson," we reply that we are under obli-
gations to do so. Those were the terms of our
purchase. We have no right to do otherwise. It
was agreed in the contract in writing, signed by all
the parties, that it should be propagated and dis-
tributed as the Lawson pear. The children and
grandchildren of said John Lawson the elder were
not willing that the name of their revered father
and grandfather, who had purchased the premises
(their old homestead) on which the original tree
was then in full bearing, more than fifty years ago,
should now be discarded by a propagator and a

When I was a young man I was at school at
Albany, in the State of New York. I there learned
of the existence of an " Indian orchard," about
twenty-five miles or so from the city — somewhere
back of the little town on the Hudson now called
Baltimore, I believe. 1 visited the spot to see ihe
curiosity. The trees were scattered about promis-
cuously in a small creek flat or bottom. They
bore the appearance of great age — had a few scat-
tering samples of rather common fruit. They re-
minded me of pictures which I have seen of "old
olive trees near Jerusalem." In 1874 I again saw
those old apple trees. They then looked to me
exactly like the old live oaks so common in South-
ern Texas, where 1 have lived for the last thirty-
five years. In fact, quite all of the new-comers
from New York mistake our live oaks for apple

j trees.

Now, about the age of those apple trees. The
oldest men of that region said that the trees then

] (1S48) looked to them just as they did when they
(the men) were boys. The traditions of the region
say that these trees were there when the white

I men settled there. The region is one where the

I population has changed but little, being largely
occupied by descendants of the original settlers —
so that the tradition concerning their antiquity is
likely to be correct. I first saw them in 1848. In
1874 they still had, to me, about the same appear-
ance that of twenty-six years before ; and I

j presume that if some Vandal has not destroyed
them, they yet may have about the same appear-
ance. I have not the historical data by me, but
must not these trees be nearly three hundred years
old ? Afission Valley, Texas, March, 1SS5.

[It is understood that the apple trees of these
Indians came from seeds given them by the French

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

177

Jesuits, Juneau and others. It would be very in-
teresting to know further about them. Probably
Mr. Francis Parkman, or Mr. Conover, of Geneva,
who have made these subjects special studies,
could add something of interest to the little as yet
known. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Mulching. — In an address in January, before
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Col. Wil-
son discussed against the supposed advantages of
mulching. Some of his reasons will hardly be
concurred in by those who have had experience,
or given thought to the subject. But one sugges-
tion at least is worthy further thought, and that is,
the encouragement which mulching gives to para-
sitic fungi. Those who have had occasion to use
mulch know how " fousty " the surface of the
ground becomes, and it has been placed on record
in our pages, that a mulch of dry leaves has gen-
erated fungus that has afterwards seized on and
eaten off the stems of Rhododendrons.

Forcing Fruits in America. — The ease with
which good fruit may be had from the distant ends
of our great country by rail or steamboat at any
season of the year, has been much against the
artificial production of the more tropical kinds.
But the superior excellence of fruit carefully
raised under glass, finds appreciation in some
quarters. Messrs. Christie & Findlay, of Newport,
Rhode Island, find it a very profitable investment.

Injury to Fruit Crops by Birds. — Sparrows
eat fruit buds in the spring, when the poor creatures
are on the verge of starvation. In California the
linnet does the same. Mr Potter, of Centralia, is
about abandoning an orchard of apricots seven
years planted. In that time he has not had one
fruit, the birds taking all the buds.

The Bee Nuisance. — A movement on the part
of fruit growers against the enormous destruction
caused by bees on fruits is on foot in California,
as we judge by the following from a California
paper. Bees can be easily trapped by sweet
liquids under inverted glasses, and it seems to us
the better plan would be to destroy the bees than
to go to law. But this is the case as reported :

"A complaint has been filed in the Superior
Court of San Diego county, in which the plaintiff
recites the expense he has been under to improve
his land, and states that he is engaged in the
business of fruit growing ; that among other fruits
and vines he has about 30 acres of Muscat grapes

raised for the express purpose of being made into
raisins; that in order to accomplish this object it
is necessary that the grapes be taken froin the
vine and exposed to the sun and air for about one
month in order to cure and dry for the market.
He alleges that defendant resides near Viejas,
about 30 miles from plaintiffs premises, and is
engaged in the business of keeping bees; that he
does now and has for two years continuously kept
upon a piece of Government land (embraced in
the railroad grant) a part of section 23 and about
three-quarters of a mile from plaintiffs premises,
several hundred stands of bees. He further alleges
that defendant has no interest in the land, but
wilfully and maliciously keeps the bees thereon
for the purpose of letting them eat up and destroy
the fruits of the labor of citizens living in that
vicinity, and are a great nuisance ; that during
the two years past the bees of defendant have
destroyed and eaten up large quantities of the
fruit to the value of $1,000, and are still engaged
in eating up and destroying plaintiff's said property ;
that during said time defendant has known of the
depredations, and has often been requested to
abate said nuisance, but has and still refuses to do
so. Plaintiff alleges it is his belief that the bees
are wilfully and maliciously maintained at their
present location, intending to damage and destroy
his property in order to compel him to pay defend-
ant a large sum of money to have them moved.
The prayer of the plaintiff is that he may have
judgment and decree of the Court that the keeping
of said bees is a nuisance and that it be abated,
and that he may recover from defendant, as
damages for injury done, the sum of Si,ooo.

Catching Cotton Moths. — The late W. L.
Schaffer, President of the Pennsylvania Horti-
cultural Society, had an orchard measurably free
from injury by the work of the codlin moth, and
which immunity was purchased by a persistent use
of sweetened liquid by which thousands were
annually caught. A correspondent of Vick's
Monthly for May has also had a similar successful
experience :

" The place selected to hang the basins should
be open and easy of access. No more liquid
should be prepared than is needed for immediate
use, for if kept long it will lose its ripe apple or
new cider smell and taste. For thirty or thirty-
five basins take a gallon of rain water and sweeten
it, and then add a little vinegar to give it aroma,
for it is the ripe apple or cider smell that attracts
the moths to their liquid graves. I think Sorghum
molasses is best for sweetening. The time for
commencing the use of the bath will depend on
the season, somewhere from first to fifteenth of
May, and it should be continued until July, when
the first brood of moths will have been captured."

Bees and Fruit. — The fruit growers of Fresno,
California, are determined to clean out all the
bee-raisers from that section, on account of the
enormous destruction to ripening fruit.

178

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

The English Sparrow. — The English fruit
growers are loud in their denunciation of this pest.
Miss Ormerod, a well-known entomologist, has
sent gio to a society established for their de-
struction.

Early Fruits and Vegetables. — February
2ist was the earliest period at which strawberries,
tomatoes and cucumbers from the South, made
their appearance in the New York markets.
Those who would force these articles in the North
for market, will do well to remember the date.

Paper Bags for Grapes. —The useof paperbags
in grape culture is one of the great advances in the
modern art of gardening. It was among the earliest
teachings of the Gardeners' Monthly, that the
practice at that time popular, of taking off the
leaves of the grape in order to let in the sun and
air, in order to color and ripen them, was done
under a mistaken idea that the coloring and ripening
of fruit was a purely chemical process, whereas
ripening is a purely vital process, and to get the
best results we need all the help we can get from
the living plant, and not so much from the sun
and air, except in so much as these may help the
vital powers of the plant itself Good healthy
leaves are the first essential to vital powers. The
more healthy leaves the better. Pulling off vine
leaves to let in the sun and air is an injury to vital
power. With injury to vital power grapes will
not color well. The more healthy leaves a plant
has the better the fruit will color, and it makes
no difference whatever whether the fruit is in the
sun or shade, provided there are plenty of good
healthy leaves to feed the vital forces on which
the coloring power depends. That shading will
not act against high coloring has long been known
to every hot-house grower. Shading the house in
very warm and sunny weather, has been found
favorable to high coloring, because the e.xcessive
light and heat was unfavorable to the vital power.

From this to shading the bunches by means of
paper bags is an easy step. We have not heard
that the practice has come into general favor in
the North or East of our country, because the
summer heat or light is not unfavorable to vital
power; but further South, where the fruits natural
to the more temperate climes have a hard struggle
with that sun which enervates human beings as
well as plant life, bagging has been found of great
value and in some instances is practiced on a
large scale. Mr. Coenen, a famous German
vineyardist in Hopkins County, Ky., had last year
no less than 80.000 pounds of grapes under paper

bags, employing six girls, and using 34,000 bags
in the work. It pays him well, as his product is
considered a first-class article. Then there is the
great advantage of full protection in those localities
where bees are destructive to the fruit. It is
possible that some form of fungus diseases may be
prevented also.

Tewkesbury Winter Blush Apple. — One of
the features of the Horticultural meeting at Lan-
caster was the universal praise given to this
variety. It was regarded as one of the most profit-
able grown, as it is certainly one of the best, if not
the very best desert apple. The most remarkable
fact in its history is, that it has no star for Pennsyl-
vania in the American Pomological Society's cata-
logue, though its native State, New Jersey, has
taken care of it. It seems to be grown everywhere
'n the Southeastern part of the State, and its ab-
sence from Pennsylvania honors in the catalogue
can only be from no Pennsylvanian being on hand
to ask for a star when it has been under discussion.

The Cut-leaved English Blackberry. — This
— as the Evergreen blackberry and the Sandwich
Island blackberry — had just about started on a
" booming " career, when another names it " Ne-
vada" blackberry, and will no doubt get a share
of the enormous prices which the ignorant always
pay for a new name to an old thing. It is fair to
say that the old cut-leaved blackberry here intro-
duced as something new is by no means a worth-
less thing, and we have often wondered that it was
not more popular.

The Wonderful Strawberry. — Some years
ago we gave an illustration of " The Wonderful "
strawberry. As it is more than probable that this
wonderful strawberry has gone the way of so
many wonderful seedlings, no one will probably
be confused by having another one introduced to
them under the same name. This variety is an
Ohio production, and like its former namesake, is
regarded as wonderfully productive. It does not
ripen all at once, but in succession from early till
late. It is a pistillate, and those who think there
is no character in a pistillate, except such as may
be given for the occasion by the pollen, may be in-
terested in knowing that it is a seedling of Wilson
by Kentucky pollen.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Forcing Strawberries. — Mr. Thos. Foulds,
Hoyt, Montgomery Co., Pa., writes: "Will any

i88s-

ANU HORTICULTURIST.

179

of your correspondents give their experience on
strawberry culture under glass ?"

" This query was asked in one of the previous
numbers of the Monthly, and I for one feel very
much interested on the subject and would like to
hear from others. No doubt there are those who
have been successful. I have been only partially
so; possibly improper facilities have retarded my
success, the selection of variety, or the proper
treatment has been wanting to develop and ripen
the fruit satisfactorily.

" * To err is hum.an ;*
But ignorance is not bliss.

"This is my experience and the result: Last
spring two hundred good strong runners of the
Sharpless variety were potted into two and a half-
inch pots and plunged in open frames ; about the
middle of July they had filled the pots with roots,
and were shifted into four-inch. In November
they were placed on a bench in the greenhouse
three feet from the glass. January they began to
blossom and, — here lies the rub. I supposed it

necessary to fertilize, and in the absence of bees I
substituted them by using every morning a portion
of a leaf or stem which is covered on the under-
side with hairy filaments and distributed the pollen
in that way. This I continued until fruit began to
set and I thought my achievement complete. But
let me ask, how was it that those flowers which
opened after I ceased my fertilizing, set their fruit
also ?

" By the middle of February a few had swollen
to charming proportions, their modest blush had
begun to glow and invite a luscious repast. But,
alas ! The fairest were seized with mildew and
the disease was most disastrous. I attributed that
to the dark, dull days of February, and when the
bright days did come, another calamity — which
never comes singly — they were seized by red
spider, then thrown out in disgust to freeze.

" The result was about two boxes of fair sized,
ripe berries, green ones in abundance, which
never ripened, or became diseased. Yet, I have
not lost hope, but will try again. Would be
pleased to hear from some one interested."

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

NOTES ON REMARKABLE TREES.
BY DR. C. W. GREENE.

A writer in the G.-^rdeners' Monthly for May
says that the Baobab does not get its growth in
less than 800 years. But J. D. Hooker says "it is
a very fast growing and short-lived tree." Your
correspondent also speaks of the size of the great
Dragon tree of Teneriffe, "as it is now." As long
ago as 1872 the newspapers reported that famous
tree as having fallen.

A late number of the Century (April, 1885, p.
838) speaks of a tree trunk in Washington Terri-
tory, formed by the union of a fir and a cedar.

In my boyhood I knew of a great oak tree
which had a large branch that returned to its
parent trunk and was blended with it. I suspect
that it was an artificial arrangement, for the tree
stood near an old house. May, /SSj.

[Two trees of different species, starting into life
in close position will in time appear united, by the

trunk of the ^stronger enfolding the weaker. It
grows around the slower grower. It is not a case
of grafting, as we understand it. If by any means
the roots of the weaker were severed, the tree
would probably die, as it would also probably
when wholly enclosed, so that there was no room
for the expansion of its own woody circles. Such
is the belief of those who have inade physiology a
close study. It is not thought one tree draws any
support from the other. It might get some moisture.
—Ed. G. M.l

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Profits of Forestry. — We contend that when
once we can show that a man may make more
profit from planting a hundred acres with trees
than with corn or other farm crops, Forestry in
America will not need advocates. For this reason
we are always on the lookout for forestry figures
for our readers.

I n the recent ( I oth ) report of the Ontario College,

i8o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

there is a long report on Forestry in the Dominion.
But as the greater part is devoted to showing the
"influence on climate" while we are looking alter
the influence on one's bank account, we will let
that go. The last page is devoted to "estimated"
profits on loo acres of forest planting in Canada.
No one has planted loo acres but this estimate is
given to induce some one to do so.

The writer believes some profit can be had
from trimmings at 15 years old, and so on till 50
years, when the gross revenue from the 100 acres
is to be $80,000. The cost of trees and planting he
puts at $32 per acre ; and places the cost of care
and expenses for the first 15 years at about $36
per acre. He puts the whole cash expenditure at
$20,000 and the "clear revenue" therefore, at the
end of 50 years, i!6o,ooo.

Now this is no great showing, only $12 per acre
a year. In his statement there is nothing allowed
for the original cost of the ground. It is surely
worth something. If one has a tract of land for
fifty years, and has it in condition for agricultural
uses as this is required to be before the planting of
the forest, the annual rental of the land per acre
would probably be much above $12 an acre.
Certainly we may set it down that the average
rental of the land for that period would be that.
There would be this income without any crop at
all, the tenant making his living. $25 per year at
least should be the average product of land of this
kind. Unless some better showing than this can
be made for forest planting, we tear no new
forests would be put out. The trouble is that
American writers on forestry take their figures
from European and especially Scotch works.
None of these experiences are of any use in our
country, and even there it has been shown by
actual experience, that none of their forest
plantings have been profitable. They all keep an
eye on the profits from "thinnings," forgetting that
this fills the forest with dead brush inviting forest
fires, and sprouts from the "thinned" trees
leaving the remaining living ones to struggle with
the sprouting enemy. If a practical common
sense American or one with American experience
had to run a forest, he would double these profits
in the time given.

An Apiul Forest Fire. — The dead brush left
from former thinnings, and allowed to rot and dry
in the New Jersey forests, caught fire in April this
year and hundreds of acres and thousands of dol-
lars of valuable property were destroyed. And yet
people are asking " how to preserve our forests ?"

In former times when a man died from apoplexy,
heart disease, or any other sudden affliction, the
verdict of the twelve men, honest and true, would
be " died from the visitation of God." The modern
verdict on these forest fires might be " fired by the
hand of Providence," for all the steps the com-
munity takes to perceive and prevent the real
cause, namely, the scandalous prevalence of dead
underbrush.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Silk Culture. — "J. S. j.," Earlham, Madison
Co., Iowa, writes: "Will you be so kind as to
tell where I can get full descriptions about silk
worms, and silk culture ?"

[Address Woman's Silk Culture Association, of
Philadelphia. That Society issues a free circular.
—Ed. G. M.]

The Tulip Tree in Florida. — Mr. Thos.
Roberts, Green Cove Springs, Florida, says: "In
order to demonstrate the inaccuracy of your cor-
respondent in the Gardeners' Monthly of Feb-
ruary, as to the ' Liriodendron tulipifera' not
growing here, I mail you with this a small twig,
having on it a fully opened flower. The tree is
found here, quite plentifully, along the banks of
our water-courses."

Forest Culture. — " F.," Lincoln, Nebraska:
" 1 am always particularly interested in the forestry
column of the Gardeners' Monthly, and note
that you lay stress on the difference between
American forest culture, and that recommended
in English works. I am inclined to venture largely
on Forest culture. In what respect do you consider
English practice defective ?"

[Chiefly in their oversight that time is money.
If we can get a tree in twenty-five years as large
as by some other plan it would take fifty years to
grow, it is a big saving. The European forester
would plant trees, say six feet apart, and in two or
three years the whole becomes a struggling mass
of vegetation. To correct this he cuts out every
other one for hoop poles, the proceeds in that land
of cheap labor yielding a profit. In a few years
he thins again, the produce being sold for hoop
poles or something of that sort ; and so he keeps
on thinning, till when the trees are fifty years old
he has timber to cut. All the guess-work figures
in the English forestry works show large profits by
this method, but the actual figures from those who
have tried, show large losses. We have to remem-
ber that the trees thinned out are not grubbed out,

.885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

iSi

but cut down, and so sprout up and form under-
brush. All this growing vegetation takes food,
and is so much subtracted from the trees left for
permanent timber. The trees set out as we would
set an orchard, and kept as we would an orchard,
would have been as large in twenty-five years, as
they are in fifty under this old-country method.
Aside from all this, the dead brush left from the
trimmings is a continuous source of danger from
fire, and never ought to be permitted by law in a
dry, warm climate like ours.

For our country a forester should set out about
200 trees to the acre ; crop for two or three years
in some good desirable farm product, until the
trees had grown so as to claim all the ground for
themselves, then let them have it, or graze if
desirable, when the trunks are strong enough to
take care of the tree.

In a general way this is our idea of good Ameri-
can forestry practice, though, of course, allowance
must be made for the want of clearness which a
brief paragraph like this necessitates. — Ed. G. M.]

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE ATAMASCO ; OR, FAIRY LILY.
BY R. THOMSON, JR.

Amaryllis Treatae, or Fairy Lily, are they not
Atamasco Lilies, botanically introduced since 1822 ?
In Peter Henderson's " Hand-book of Plants," page
256, under Zephyranthus, we see this : " Zephyran-
thus, the west wind, and anthos, a flower, Linn.
Hexandria, Monogynia. Nat. Ord., Amaryllida-
cece. One of the best species is Z. Atamasco,
generally known as Amaryllis Atamasco, and in
our cottage gardens as Fairy Lily. This species
has beautiful pink flowers, which are produced in
great abundance during the entire summer — -native
of Southern and Southwestern States. Z. Candida,
a species with small rush-like leaves, white flow-
ers— native to Lima and Buenos Ayres, introduced
in 1822." I give this extract almost complete, from
the fact that I am the collector of a bulb native
here, which from comparison with bulbs bought of
a dealer, advertised as A. Treatse (and submitted
to him for inspection), I was induced to call those
I collect A. Treatae also, and to offer to the trade
as such, honestly believing I was correct in my
name, but have been laughed at by learned bota-
nists for calling it A. T., when it has been intro-
duced as long ago as 1822 as Amaryllis Atamasco.
The name A. Treatae, as I understand, was given
in honor of a Mrs. Treat, who collected it in one
of its native haunts (Florida) where it has been
growing for hundreds of years, and sent it to
a florist, who introduced this old Amaryllis

under a new name to the notice of the trade,
thereby giving to the public a bulb well worthy a
place in every collection ; but does his having
named it A. Treats forever disbar any one from
calling it by its old name, Atamasco, or justify
criticism if they fall into the new name, and
call it as he calls it, Fairy Lily, or AmaryUis
Treatae ? I have been under misapprehension in
having claimed this same dealer as the endorser
of this bulb as true to name, from having sold him
a few thousands each season as A. Treats, and
though I thought he was not the person who first
told me I was in error; but the well-known
Editor of the G.\rdeners' Monthly kindly,
in one of his letters to me, said: "Are you sure
the bulbs you offer for sale are the true A. T. ?
Are they not most likely Amaryllis Atamasco ?"
This remark startled me somewhat, for I rehsh not
the idea of sailing under false colors ; and as a safe
avenue of information 1 beg of the learned botanists
of the United States to resolve this question of all
mystery, and let the floral world know if there is a
difference in A. Treats, introduced five years
ago, or Amaryllis Atamasco, introduced since 1822,
now 63 years ago.

I want enlightenment upon the subject, as I have
hundreds of thousands of these bulbs collected for
sale, and have no desire to sell under a false name.
The AmyarillisI have — has bulbs ordinarily of the
size of a filbert, rather flattish than oblong, and white
lily-shaped flowers, and the kind Editor tells me
the difference lies between the two varieties in the
individual petals and flowers of Atamasco, being
larger and broader than A. Treats. Now, would

l82

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

not the difference in soil and climate most likely
produce this result or difference ? These grown
here are found in a stiff clay subsoil, overlaid by
stiff, sticky black soil, whilst those obtained in
lower South Carolina in sandy soil (much like that
of Florida) are smaller both in bulb and flower.
1 do not agree with those that claim for this bulb
any difference at all. Like the Crispa clematis
offered this season as a novelty by several florists,
it may be new to most, but it is claimed by Josiah
Salter that it has been known since 1569 — a native
of North America and of the Viticella type ; page
131, May number Gardeners' Monthly. Also
Canna Ehemanni. Curtis in his Botanical Magazine,
number 1968 in 1823, gives the first illustration of
it, and both are now claimed as novelties. What
are novelties anyhow ? I thought entire new plants
raised from hybridizing, cross fertilization, seedlings
from old plants, &c., not old, but well-known but
forgotten varieties introduced under a new name,
such as I believe is A. Treatas so-called now.

[The Amaryllis Treatise must on no account be
confounded with the Atamasco lily. It has been
decided by such high authority as Prof. Sargent
and Mr. Sereno Watson, to be an entirely distinct
species; and was named by them, and not by any
florist in honor of the discover, Mrs. Mary Treat,
of Vineland, New Jersey, herself an excellent
botanist, and one well able to tell the difference
between the two. In the letter of the Editor,
referred to by our correspondent, the reference to
the flower was but an off-hand remark. We give
the exact description of both from Chapman's new
edition of the " Flora of the Southern States:"

Amary/Zis A/a>nasco (oi Unnieus). — Scape terete,
somewhat lateral ; one-flowered; leaves hnear, con-
cave, fleshy ; spathe, one-leaved, two-cleft ; peri-
anth short, bell-shaped, white tinged with purple;
style longer than the stamens ; seeds angled. March
and April. Scape 6 to 12 inches high, commonly
shorter than the glossy leaves. Flower 2 to 3
inches long.

Amaryllis Treatia (Watson). — Bulb small;
leaves very narrow, only a line and a half wide,
semi-terete with rounded margins, not shining;
scape four to twelve inches high ; flowers three
inches long ; its peduncle three to nine lines long.
April and May.

The plants are most readily distinguished by
the florist, in the rush-like leaves of Mrs. Treat's
Fairy Lily. This species we believe has only been
found in Florida. In beauty we think the old
Atamasco the prettier. — Ed. G. M.]

CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE.

BY E. N.

I see by an article in the April number of the
G.'VRDENERs' MONTHLY that you mention about
Cypripedium insigne having two flowers on a
spike. I wish to say I find that a common
occurrence. We had several that way here in
Mr. De Witt Smith's garden at Lee. We never
took much notice of them, as I always put it down
to the plants being in good condition. Some of
our plants are three feet through, and have from
80 to 100 blooms each flower, and being 5^ to 6
inches across. I think if some gardeners knew the
true value of old C. insigne we should hear a
great deal more of spikes having two flowers on
them. How often do we see plants of that orchid
look as if they wanted to die, the leaves all dried
up, and with two or three flowers only on the
plant ; and as soon as they are cut the plants are
thrown out of sight. I myself consider that in-
signe is one of the best old friends we have, and
they ought not to be forgotten for the sake of new.

Lee, Mass.
[It is very interesting to know that this pecu-
liarity occurs so often, and the person who first
gites a true explanation ol the cause, will render a
great service to science. The supposition that the
[ " plants are in good condition " does not explam
I the process by which the change comes. Thou-
I sands of plants in good condition never exhibit
i the peculiarity. There must be something else in
addition, and, if this " something else " should
! be always present, — always producing this effect,
we should have a new species. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

How TO Produce Variegation. — Just what

induces a plant to become variegated is still a

mystery. Mr. Rupp, the famous improver of the

Chinese Primrose, tried in vain everything he

could think of to produce variegation in the

leaves At length, noting a variegated plant of

the common clover in the fields, the thought

' struck him that possibly there might be some

I condition of the soil which induced it. He took

the soil about this clover plant, put some in a pot

with a seedling primrose, and got his long desired

variegation. " One swallow does not make a

summer." Perhaps so, but it is worth looking out

i for more when we see one.

Botanic Garden in Montreal. — The people
of Montreal are moving with great prospects of

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

183

success for establishing a botanic garden in that
city. It is a pity Philadelphia does not move in
the same direction. The Park Commissioners
would no doubt do for some society with this
object in view what they have done for the Zoo-
logical Society— cheerfully give them all the ground
necessary for the purpose.

Effect of Frost on Orange Trees in
Florida. — A correspondent of the San Francisco
Chronicle, says: " I have traveled away from my
theme, which was in the beginning the cold wave.
Some friends, with myself, were talking about it
to a gentleman, long a resident of the State, and
its effect upon young orange trees. Some rather
remarkable incidents bearing upon this subject
were related. Among other things, he stated that
it was not the cold or the frost by which the trees
were killed, but the heat of the sun closely follow-
ing it. ' If,' said he, ' any one will take the pains
to get up before sunrise and make an incision in |
every tree, two or three inches long, with a sharp
knife, there will be no danger of harm from the ,
heaviest frosts. I had a neighbor, who, going :
through his grove before sunrise, found his young
trees all killed, as he supposed. In a sort of rage
he took out his knife and scored the bark of about 1
a dozen or two, to make the destruction sure, but
in a lew days — lo ! and behold 1 — those he had cut
came out in renewed life and beauty and were the
most vigorous trees in the grove. Acting upoi)
this hint, he always afterward saved his choice ;
trees by an application of the knife before the sun
had a chance to get at them after a frost." I give
this for what it is worth, being assured of it as a
fact. It is the newest thing out, and I leave it for
gardeners and philosophers to give the reason
why." j

Wild Celery Seed. — The wild celery seed of
Chesapeake Bay, on which the ducks and geese
feed, giving the flesh the delicious flavor so much
prized by epicureans, is the curious water plant
known as Vallisneria spiralis. This plant is
among one of the wonders of vegetable life, and
always entertains the studious. The leaves are long
and grass-like, and the minute flowers have the
sexes in separate flowers. At the time of flowering
the thread-like flower stalks rise to the top of the
water. The male flowers cast their pollen on the ^
surface, and it floats along till caught by the female
flowers. The male flowers die after shedding the
pollen, but the little female with its embroyo seed
vessel draws in the flower stalk as if it were a
spiral spring, down to the base of the plant among

the grassy leaves, where it remains till mature. It
is rare for even the botanist to get to see a seed
vessel, and, as one might suppose, one is only to
be obtained at ail under some difficulty.

One of the surprises to one of our large seedsmen
recently was to receive an order for sixteen
bushels of the seed '

Tree Tomato of Jamaica.— This is the popular
name of a fruit naturalized in Jamaica, and found
in many old gardens of the Coffee districts of St.
Andrews and Manchester. By the kindness of
Sir Joseph Hooker it has been determined as
Cyphomandra betacea, DC.,* a native of South
America, including Peru and Chili, where also it
is under cultivation. The plant (belonging to the
natural order Solanaceae) is of shrubby habit, about
5 or 6 feet high ; the leaves are large (sometimes
a foot long), broadly cordate, and softly pubescent,
generally confined to the termination of the
branches. The fragrant flowers appear as sub-
axillary cymes, of a pale fleshy color, with bright
yellow stamens, followed by an obconical or ovate
fruit, which at first of a greenish or purplish tint,
gradually assumes a warm reddish color as it
approaches maturity. The bilocular fruit is of
firm texture, about 2 inches or 2',^ long, and
about 2 inches in diameter. The pericarp is about
,'4 inch in thickness, of a pale color. It is not
generally known, and seldom used in Jamaica,
but it is without doubt a fruit that should be more
largely cultivated, as it answers in every respect
the purposes for which the ordinary Tomato is
esteemed. On the mainland it is known as the
Tomate de la Paz, here as the Tree Tomato, and
sometimes, on account of its supposed beneficial
action on the liver, as Vegetable Mercury. Plants
are easily raised from seed, which come into
bearing in about two years. It is a very prolific
bearer, and the fruit is available during the winter
months — November to March^when ordinary
Tomatoes are not so easily obtained. If the fruit
is allowed to fully ripen on the trees it may be
eaten raw, and it has somewhat the flavor of
Gooseberry. If the skin is removed and the fruit
(without the seeds) stewed with sugar, it resembles
Apricot, but with a slight sub-acid flavor which is
very refreshing. In my own household it takes
the place of Apple in Charlotte-aux-pommes, and it

* Pionandra betacea, Miers in " Hook. Lond. Journ. of
Bot.," vol. 4, ISIo, p. 3.58 ; Solanura betaceum, Cav. ic. 6, p. 15
n.5»9, t. 524; "Ann. de Hist. Nat.," i.p. 44, " Dun. .Sol.," 169,
n. 70, syn. 7. n. 16 ; Andrews, " Botan. Rep.," t. 511 Solanum,
crassifolium, Ortega, Dec. 9, ]». 117; Solanum obliquum,
Bcrtero, pi. exs. n. 1125, m H. DC. nee. Ruiz et Pav.

i84

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

(June,

is preferred in this form to real Apples, especially
such as grow in the Blue JMountains, or are im-
ported from America. I notice the plant is under-
cultivation in the South of Europe, but I am not
aware to what uses the fruit is there applied. Sir
Joseph Hooker informs me that it is now in fruit
in the Temperate-house at the Royal Gardens-
Kew. As I have lately distributed seed of this
Tree Tomato to numerous correspondents at
Madeira, India, Ceylon, Hong Kong, the Cape,
and the Australian colonies, the above remarks
will no doubt prove of interest to them, no less
than to other readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle,
who may desire to secure a hardy perennial
Tomato plant of more than ordinary merit. I may
add the plant flourishes in Jamaica at elevations
of 2000 — 5000 feet ; the mean annual temperature
of these districts ranging from 72° — 63° Fahr. —
D. Morris, Jamaica, March 25th. [This fruit
may occasionally be seen in Covent Garden
Market under the erroneous name of Granadilla.
It is we believe imported from the Azores. — Ed.
Gardeners' Chronicle.\

[Some fruit from New Orleans has been sent to
us by Mr. M. H. Lester. It is more like a small egg
than a Tomato. It is about the size of an egg
with the largest end attached to the calyx. — Ed.
G. M.]

Sewage. — A London paper says that the sewage
problem has yielded a new notion. Sir J. B.
Lawes is of opinion that the most profitable way
to dispose of sewage is to send it to the sea ; its
phosphates and other constituents being advan-
tageous to the fisheries, and therefore as likely to
come back to us in the shape of food as if spread
upon the land, while the acceptance of the idea
for practical purposes will make an end of all ex-
periments for the agricultural employment of
sewage. Any less capable person would find it
difficult to obtain a hearing for the proposals that
are based on the idea, but the public will gladly
listen to one who has certainly mastered the theory
of food production and the utilization of waste
material. There is a direct gain, doubtless, to the
subject in the fact that it will be regarded from
a quite new point of view. We shall not only
have to discover the weak points in the new pro-
posals, but shall perhaps have to rummage
amongst our own prejudices, to determine which
are to be got rid of to make room for wiser
counsels. Whether sound or unsound, practical
or nonsensical, we are certainly put upon a new
tack for fresh and unexpected exploration.

There is much in this of sound sense. Nature
generally provides an antidote for every evil ; and
she does for polluted sewage. Philadelphia just
now is worrying over the water problem. Much
sewage naturally drains into the river, as it does
into every river in the world that supplies a large
city with water. The Water Department is super-
intended by a gentleman of admirable character,
and superior scientific attainments, and he and
the chemists are finding all sorts of terrible things
in the water. There is not enough oxygen, and
now it is too much albuminoid ammonia, and now
too much free ammonia. To-day he would drive
away all the population from the banks of the
river by making it impossible for them to get rid
of the sewage except by wells and sinks ; to-mor"
row he would abolish all the pumps because the
water wells get the sewage from the sinks. An-
other time he would have some thousands of dollars
to dredge the mud from the bottom of the river>
and again he would have some more thousands to
"oxygenate " the water by artificial means. Then
he worries them by telling them that there is just
one more death in ten thousand than there is in
London, which is considered the healthiest city in
the world ; so that the average duration of a
man's life, supposed to be about 35 years, is
shortened five hours by living in Philadelphia
rather than in London. To remedy this in the
manner he wants would require fifty or sixty
piillions of dollars. When a noted health re-
former, Mrs. Isabella Hooker, was recently
showing how much the modern comforts of life
shortened life, and was taxed with inconsistency
in not practicing what she preached, she retorted
that she was willing to give a few years, for the
sake of the comforts. And indeed long life is not
the only blessing we desire. Most people would be
willing to give a few hours of life rather than groan
under a taxation that would require the proceeds
I of many hours of labor a week to pay. And it is
unnecessary as Sir J. B. Lawes hints. A thick
bed of aquatics in the bed of a river will "oxy-
genate " the water, and they will feed on all the
Ammonia that a moderate amount of sewage
yields. Fish will eat all the "albuminoid"
material, and it will be pretty foul water that the
\ two together will not clean. It makes no differ-
ence what goes into river water so that the worst
gets out again before people drink it. If Philadel-
phia would keep its river stocked with fish, and
encourage the water plants, and get a few large
subsiding reservoirs to give time to settle the mud,
the millions required by scientific superintendence

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

is

might be spent on happy homes. The lesson may
be useful to people grappling with the sewage
question everywhere.

Clematis from South America.— Mrs. J. S.
R. Thomson, of Spartansburjr, South Carolina,
sends us a White Clematis flower which we thought ;
to be one of the numerous varieties of Clematis
crispa, but she describes it as having a tuberous
root, and states that it is herbaceous, the stems dying \
wholly every year. It is probably some other
species which only good specimens with leaves,
flower and fruit would decide. She also sends
some very nice bulbs of Amaryllis Treatas,
superior to those we have seen from Florida, |
where it was first discovered by Mrs. Treat, whose
name it bears. It, and its neighbor Atamasco
Lily, are well worthy of universal culture.

Economic Use of Wild Cherry Kernels. —
The Gardeners Chronicle tells us "that in a report
by Consul Biliotti on the trade and commerce of
the district of Trebizond for the year 1883, it is
stated that the kernel of a diminutive species of
Wild Cherry, having an aromatic flavor, is known
by the name of " Mahlep," and is little used in
Turkey, but greatly so in Egypt, by bakers to
sprinkle over bread. It is supposed to be a pre-
servative against ague. The tree grows to a large
size, especially in the vicinity of Niksarand Flerek,
and also at Amassia and Tokat. The values of
the kernels exported amounted to ^^1902 to Turkey,
and ^2238 to Egypt."

-Although this is evidently not the variety of
Cherry known to nurserymen as Mahaleb, it looks
as if we may look here for the origin of the name
at any rate.

A Plea for the English Sparrow.— Some
one who has a very tender spot in his heart has
been writing to the Gardeners' Magazine a plea for
the English Sparrow. Among other things he gets
off the following ;

"The love-call is certainly more ot a chirp than
a yelp, but it needs long and frequent observation
to determine the varieties of sparrow language, as
expressive of passion, alarm, or domestic felicity.
In the early days of spring they will begin their
courtship ; then listen for the loud ' chirk, chirk,'
and you may discover that it proceeds from the
throat of a lusty cock in the full beauty of his
wooing dress ; the black on his head having the
richness and depth of velvet, and his whole action
as sleek and sprightly as becomes a gallant lover,
rejoicing over the sober dame who is presently to
become his bride. But, alas ! the course of true
love does not always run smooth. She may have
cast a favorable glance upon another, or a bold
rival may give the challenge to fight for the

maiden's hand. Then the chirk ceases ; a sharper

note, more quickly repeated, and accompanied
with fearful jerkings of the head and tail, impetu-
ous hoppings from side to side, and a general
displacement of those lately well-preened feathers,
pronounce the quick approach of war. These
love-battles are generally conducted on the princi-
ples of true chivalry. The rivals have it all to
themselves; the conflict is short, sharp, and san-
guinarv, and the victor claims the subject of it for
his bride. The war-note is sounded by both
parties throughout the fight, until the moment of
conquest arrives, when the defeated gallant gets
out of the way as quickly as his buffeted wings
will carry him, and the champion returns to his
chirking ten times louder than before. ' None
but the brave deserve the fair.'

"Scarcely a day passes, where the colony is of
any extent, without one of these sanguinary con-
flicts; but as the season progresses, and all the
swains have won their wives, there is no fair
excuse for their continuance. And here I must
admit, to the damage of my client's character,
that he prefers to make excuses for mischief,
rather than live in the prosaic enjoyment of con-
tinual peace. Not that green-eyed jealousy ever
shows its face in a sparrow's home. No ! the
connubial tie is never broken by infidelity ; no
duels arise because of faithless spouses or truant
lords. For the sake of the favor with which every
description of heroism, however romantic, is re-
ceived, I could almost wish it were so : but I must
confess with sorrow that all the subsequent
disturbances are not for love, nor for principle, nor
for political triumph, but for meat ! The song
which Leigh Hunt gives to the fairies might,
leaving out the suggestion of 'stolen kisses,' be
just as well given to our neighbors for their own
national melody :

'Stolen sweets are always sweeter :
Stolen kisses much completer ;
Stolen looks aie nice in cliapels ;
Ktolen, stolen be your apples ;
Truth the fruit were scarce worth peeling,
Were it not for stealing, ste.aling.'

" I must own that my client prefers ill-gotten to
honest gain. When the liberal cook has strewn
the yard with the debris of the bread-basket, and
the pavement is spread like a groaning board with
enough for all, there is sure to be more fighting
, than feeding ; and the possessor of a pellet of bread
will be pursued by an inveterate army of savage
beaks and claws, all of which might have been
better employed in helping themselves to the
general bounty. But how different are these
turmoils to the displays of true chivalry in early
spring. Then the brave combatants met to utter
mutual defiance, and fight it out. The battle was
a test of bravery and power. Now it is a con-
temptible row, and nothing more ; and Paddy's
prescription for the enjoyment of Donnybrook is
carried out to the full — ' Wherever you see ahead,
hit it." What a confusion of angry voices. What
a yelping from the thick of the elder tree, the
1 slope of the thatch, or the remote corner of the
] yard, where, as if by magic, half the company at
least have got together in a scrimmage, and each

1 86

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

separate sparrow is engaged without meaning in
fighting all the rest. Political economy is evi-
dently not a leading subject of study in the
university of sparrows. But who would not forget
all this when nightfall comes again, and the
evening song is repeated from every roof of the
village, and from some two or three of the largest i
trees upon the green ? It ought to give enjoyment j
even to the most critical of musical ears, for it is
the expression of content."

The Perfume of Roses. — In Roses there are
seventeen different sorts of scent. " Sweet Briar
scent, as in the garden variety ; Moss Rose scent,
as in Common Moss and family, Austrian Briar
scent, as in Copper Austrian and family ; Musk
Rose scent, as in Narcissus, old Musk and family ;
Myrrh scent, as in Ayrshire splendens ; China
Rose scent, an astringent refreshing scent, as in
old Monthly China and many others ; Damask
perpetual scent, as in Rose du Roi, &c. ; Scotch
Rose scent, as in the early double Scotch ; Violet
scent, as in White Banksia ; Old Cabbage scent,
as in the well-known double Provence ; Otto
perpetual scent, as in Charles Lefebvre, Madame
Knorr, &c. ; true perpetual scent, as in Chabril-
land, Pierre Notting, &c. ; Old Tea scent, as in
the old yellow. Tea or Magnolia Rose, and others
almost unpleasantly strong for some tastes ; Sweet
Tea scent, as in Goubalt, Mar^chal Niel, &c. ;
Hybrid Tea scent, as in La France ; Nectarine, or
fruit scent, as in Socrates, Jaune Desprez, Aline
Sisley, &c. ; and the Verdier scent, represented
more or less by all the Victor Verdier hybrids,
such as Eugenie Verdier, Castellane, Countess of
Oxford, Marie Finger, &c. The petals of the
highly-scented varieties have on their inner sur-
face minute perfume glands or vesicles, containing
the highly volatile essence, under the microscope
distinctly visible. Those on the petals of Sweet
Briar and Moss are almost visible to the naked
eye. Mr. Curtis concludes that the following are
the most deliciously and powerfully-scented varie-
ties ; La France, Goubault, Devoniensis, Mar*?-
chal Niel, Bessie Johnson, Madame Knorr, Pierre
Notting, and Charles Lefebvre." — Rosarian.

Japanese Tea.— Tea is one of the principal
productions of Japan, and a large quantity of it is
exported to the United States from the ports of
Yokohama and Kobe. In Japan the use of Tea
dates back to very early times, and at present it is
more than ever a popular beverage. Whenever a
guest presents himself at a person's house a cup of
tea is at once offered him ; the omission to do this
is a breach of politeness. It revives the spirits, it
allays the ennui incidental to old age, and pro-

motes sociability. In most houses it is the leaf of
the tea plant called Sencha that is used, and not
the powdered leaf at all. Powdered tea, Matcha,
is usually used only in the houses of nobles and of
the rich. A ceremonious system of drinking tea
has existed in Japan from very ancient times. ,A
gathering of friends is held in a certain small room
of fixed dimensions, in which ground or powdered
tea is served to them. This room is called sukiya,
and is generally detached from the dwelling-house.
Outside and about the room curious and valuable
stones and plants are arranged, and inside old tea
utensils are displayed, also old scroll pictures and
other paintings. At the time of a gathering
various kinds of prepared dishes are placed on low
stands before each guest. The host himself pre-
pares Koicho (thick tea) in the presence of his
guests, and offers acupof it toall the guests (always
five), to be taken in turn, after which usucha
(weak tea) is handed to them. The great point
about this tea-room is, not that it be gaudily
decorated, but that it be neat and thoroughly
clean.

The process of making tea for everyday use
does not differ materially from that adopted in
England, but in the matter of ceremonious tea-
drinking it is necessary that great attention be
paid to the selection and preservation of tea, the
selection of the water, the arrangement of the
utensils, observation of the temperature of the
water, and care in the washing of the utensils. —
Gardeners' Chronicle.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Loco Weed. — A Lincoln, Neb., correspondent
says : " Inclosed I send you a plant which is said
to remain green the year round. It is found on
the prairie and has the reputation, when eaten by
cattle and horses, of causing them to bloat or
swell up and die. Whether it is really so I can-
not say, but such is the report. I have not seen
the flower. I suppose you will be able to identify
it at once. If I can get a sufficient quantity of it,
I think I will examine it for some alkaloid which
it probably contains, and which is the cause of its
fatality with cattle, that is, if report tells the
truth."

[This is apparently the Astragalus moUissima of
which Prof. Porter wrote. Our correspondent is a
distinguished chemist and just the one to make the
chemical analysis suggested. — Ed. G. M.]

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

187

Literature, Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

BADLY SOLD.

BY JAMES Y. MURKLAND.

"What is it? " said Mr. Peter Henderson to the
writer, a short time ago, as he tossed down a faded,
yet still beautiful, rosy pink flower.

"A Brunsvigia, I guess," was the answer; but
noticing a dangerous glimmer in the veteran's eye,
we hastened to make a closer examination. Throw-
ing back the petals, the anthers and stigma of a
lily were revealed.

" A Lilium ; by Jove ! Longiflorum, too, at that.
Where on earth did you get it ?"

"Yes, sir, a Lilium: Lilium Harrisii, raised in
Bermuda. What do you think such a lily would
be worth?"

"Well, of course it never would be in great
demand for forcing, and you know that is what
uses up the immense number of Harrisii that are
sold. It would be valuable chiefly in private col-
lections and ought to bring at least ten dollars
each — as large a price as Auratum did when first
introduced."

" I can sell them less than that. At what do
you sell Harrisii now ?"

"Very low — almost as low as Longiflorum."

"Well, I will sell you these at the same price."

The latter answer was uttered with altogether
too much satisfaction, and we sadly turned to
where the flower had been severed from the stem,
remarking, as we began to be enlightened, "Ah !
you have been doctoring this with chemicals."

"No sir," replied Mr. Henderson, "we have not
been doctoring this with chemicals, but it has b»en
stuck in a bottle of red ink for the last three hours. "

Moral: Don't take every child wearing a red
fez, to be a little Turk, for man is full of guile
even as the lily was full of red ink, though it may
not be as apparent. New York.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

History of Hybrid Gladiolus. — The Gard-
eners' Chronicle says: "The celebrated French

cultivator of the Gladiolus, M. Souchet, late gard-
ener at the Imperial gardens at Fontainebleau,
began to hydridize or fertilize for raising new
varieties of the Gladiolus in the year 1834, and
with the varieties thus obtained Mr. Kelway, in
the year 1851, began fertilizing the Gladiolus gan-
davensis. a hybrid raised from an imported spe-
cies from Natal, called psittacinus. or Natalensis,
and the seedlings produced by this hybridization
formed the ground-work of the extensive stock,
now numbering upwards of 2000 varieties, grown
at Langport !"

Liability of Seedsmen. — A case of unusual
interest between a seedsman and his customers has
been decided by the Supreme Court of Pennsyl-
vania; an abstract from the Philadelphia Public
Ledger, we give:

" In the case of Shisler against Baxter, which
came before the Supreme Court upon writ of error
to Common Pleas No. i, and in which Chief
Justice Mercur has filed an opinion, the question
to be determined was as to what constitutes a
warranty of quality in cases where goods are sold
after having been first inspected by the purchaser.
In the case at bar. the plaintiff went to the store
of the defendant to purchase seeds. He had
bought some the year before which had turned
out well, and he asked for some of the " last
year's" stock. The defendant showed him some
which he said had been left over. These the
plaintiff bought, but after using them, he contended
that they were worthless and not what he had
asked for, and he brought an action for damages.
The Court below entered a non suit, on the ground
that there was no warranty on the part of the
seller that the seeds were such as the purchaser
j wanted, and this decision is sustained by the
Supreme Court. There was no evidence that the
defendant had practiced any fraud. A mere
representation as to the character of an article
sold does not constitute a warranty, nor is it evi-
dence of a warranty. Where personal property
is sold on inspection and the vendee's means of
knowledge are equal to the vendor's, the law does
not presume an engagement by the latter that the
thing sold is of the kind or species contemplated
by the parties. In this case the seed sold was
shown to tlie plaintiff before he purchased. It
was in paper packages just as it had been bought
by the vendor himself, and as to its quality both
parties had an equal opportunity of judging.
Under such circumstances the exemption of the
vendor from liability is too well settled to need

i88

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

a prolonged citation of authorities. Judgment
affirmed."

To our mind this is a much more important
decision than that of some of the lower courts,
from which no appeal has been taken, and which
have excited so much consternation among seeds-
men. Here the case was decided by a court pre-
sided over by very able judges — the Common
Pleas of Philadelphia. An appeal was taken to
the Supreme Court, and the decision again sus-
tained.

The judges must be answerable for the law.
Common sense will endorse it. Any one can tell
for himself whether a seed is good or not by
cutting a few open. If good it has a whitish or
natural look; if bad a brownish or unnatural one.
If the seed be small a fifty-cent pocket lens will
tell it for him ; and for any judge to decide that
one who sells a ten-cent package of seed should
have to pay hundreds of dollars in "consequential
damages," because a man sowed bad seeds which
he might have known for himself were bad, is too
absurd for contemplation. The funny papers tell
us that when Henry Ward Beecher first went to
farming, he planted pieces of dried apples in
order to raise that particular kind. It is a pity
that the joker did not wait longer for another idea
from some modern judge and make Mr. Beecher
sue the grocer who sold the dried apples, (or
damages because they did not come up !

The Earliest Nursery in the United
States. — We are inclined to claim for German-
town the credit of starting the earliest nursery in the
United States. Of course Bartram's garden is
older as a garden, and as its owner was a plant
collector, and sold plants from his garden, it was
in some sort a nursery. But the general propa-
gation of fruits and flowers as a regular business
seems to have been first made a business of by
Christian Lehman, of Germantown, now the
Twenty-second Ward, of the city of Philadelphia.

We copy the following advertisement from the
Pennsylvania Chronicle and Universal Advertiser,
from Monday, May 9, to Monday, May 16, 1768 :
" Germantown, April 12th, 1768.
"TO BE SOLD.

"A choice parcel of well-grown young English
Walnut trees as well as Pear and Apricot, and a
curious variety of the best and largest sorts (from
England) of grafted Plumb trees, fit for trans-
planting this spring or next fall, as well as a great
variety of beautiful double Hyacinth roots, and
Tulip roots, next summer season, and most other
things in the flower or fruit tree nursery way.

"Christian Lehman.

"N. B.— We likewise (on request and if bespoke
in time) maketh up parcels of curious plants,
shrubs, and seeds of the growth of this climate in
such a manner as best secures them according to
what country or climate they are designed to be
transported."

Lehman's Nursery was where Chelten Avenue
now is, and extended southwardly — all built over
now. Many of his trees are still standing in
Germantown especially Pear trees and English
Walnut, of which there may be perhaps a hundred
all told, bearing freely almost every year.

Nurseries of B Mann & Sons, Lansing,
Mich. — These were started but 12 years ago,
8 years ago having but one 11 by 24 feet house.
They have now about 3,ooofeet of ground covered
by glass for cut flowers, and about 15 acres of
ground around them. Mrs. Mann superintends
the making up of the cut flower department.
They are also largely engaged in market gardening,
and have 12 acres in small fruits.

David LIouglas — the botanist after whom the
Douglas Spruce and so many beautiful American
plants were named, began life as an under-
gardener in Scone Palace, so famous in the
political history of Scotland.

Nursery of Mr. A. Giddings, of Danville,
Indiana. — The greenhouses in the city cover
8,000 feet and are warmed by Carmody's sectional
water heater. The leading cut flower work of the
city is furnished from these houses. Mr, Giddings
was in early — or rather earlier life — for he is yet
far below middle age, a wholesale merchant in
the town, and the nursery and florist business in
which he has been so eminently successful has
been the outcome of a natural love joined with
excellent business abilities.

Mr. George Rosenham. — As the West builds
up it will become more and more an interesting
historical question, who were the earliest nursery-
men in the several sections, and we are always
glad to place on record all the facts in connection
with this subject. We are indebted to a corre-
pondent for the following account of an excellent
pioneer in this good work at Tipton, Mo.:

" The death of Mr. Geo. Rosenham, a gardener,
nurseryman and florist, occured on the 19th of
April at his home in Tipton, Mo. Mr. Rosenham
has been a reader of the Gardeners' Monthly
for several years. He was born in Prussia, Janu-
ary 6th, 1824. From there became to this country
in 1849, and settled down in Fort Smith, Arkansas,
where he lived till 1865, and then came to

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

189

Missouri, settled in Tipton, and commenced busi-
ness as gardener, nurseryman, and florist, which
he followed with great pride to the day of his
death. Mr. Geo. Rosenham was well known
throughout Missouri as an upright, honorable
man. His death was regarded as a public loss to
Tipton, for the whole community seemed to have
turned out at the funeral to do honor to his
remains."

Valuable Works for Sale. — The wife of one
of our distinguished pomologists, whose income
has been seriously impaired since her husband's
death, wishes to dispose of a complete set of the
Proceedings of the American Pomological Society,
for $50. As it is almost impossible to secure a
complete set now, this is a rare chance. They
are handsomely bound. She has also 14 volumes
of the Gardeners' Monthly, from 1869 to 1883,
also handsomely bound, which she will sell at the
cost of the work, with the binding thrown in — JI28.
We will forward to the lady the name of any one
disposed to purchase.

Eucalyptographia Baron Von Mueller is

making progress with his grand work illustrating
all the Eucalyptus or gum trees of Australia. The
tenth decade is now before us. This now makes
100 species that have been worked up. This
completes the main work, though some twenty
more will probably have to be added to make the
history of Australian gum trees complete.

Fruit Culture. — By W. C. Strong. Published
by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston.

Mr. Strong's work on Roses, and other literary
ventures, have been very well received by the
community, and this argues well for this new
candidate for public favor. It is a large duo-
decimo of 202 pages, and the aim which is very
well reached is to give plain practical directions to
new beginners in amateur gardening, in advance
of what they may require when they get more
experience.

Microscopical Bulletin. — Published monthly
by J. W. Queen & Co., Philadelphia.

One of the most remarkable experiences in
literature is that of scientific magazines. A love of
science permeates the whole community, but very
few scientific serials do more than pay the printer,
and the majority die young. The cause is not
difficult to understand by those used to serial
work. There is a huge want, but people do not
get what they want. The reader desires to keep
up with all that is really new in science, but the

editors are either too lazy to work to get these
news, or so filled with hero-worship, that nothing
to them is new unless it comes to them under the
shadow of a great name. One can get a better
knowledge of what is really new in science from
the daily or weekly newspapers, than from some
of the most pretentious of scientific magazines.

In microscopy there is a wide field. The mi-
croscope introduces us to a world fully as densely
populated as the unaided eye can see. It is full
of wonders hard to be realized by those who have
never had a glimpse thereof. We know of no
microscopical magazine that properly places
before the community a tithe of what a live
magazine could do.

This little affair is little more than an adver-
tising circular, though full of excellent items that
render it fully worth the trifling price charged for
it. We have made the comments above in the
hope of inducing the excellent house it represents
to go further into the matter than it can possibly
do here, and give us a magazine that would be
worthy of the subject, and which they could well
do if so disposed.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Correction of Note on Persimmon. — W. R.
Gerard writes: "After sending my note on the
word Persimmon (p. 152, Gardeners' Monthly),
I asked the Editor to change one of the sentences.
Not having a copy of the MS. before me
when I wrote, I made myself tautological. I in-
tended that the words, "The signification of"
should be omitted, and that the sentence should
read, "The first syllable . . . is not so clear
in meaning," etc.

Direction of Letters. — It may be well to
remind our readers that, in writing, Penn. and Tenn.
look very much ahke ; and as there are a number
of post offices of the same name in Tennessee and
Pennsylvania, letters often go astray. Post offices
and signatures are also so often written so hastily
that nobody can guess at them. It wastes no end
of time trying to make out bad writing.

This is particularly the case with letters in French
or German that come to us from Europe. Even
natives of these countries that we have to call in
to help us in these difficult straits, are frequently
unable to make them out. We have a letter from
Italy, supposed to be in French, which has been
on our table a month, and nobody can make it out.

I go

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

troductions of the name, so far as an argument
could be drawn from that fact, would favor a dis-
tinct origin. But, as we have already shown, the
earlier Herbalists classed these plants with
Betonica, and there is every reason to conclude

Dante's Pronunciation of Veronica.—" G."
says: "Concerning the pronunciation of the name
Veronica, Dante (if my scansion is correct,) accents
the penult, which gives us Va-rb-nee'-ka. He re-
fers to the relic of that name."

[Besides the interest attached to the knowledge 1 that Veronica is a corruption of that word, and
of how the word is pronounced by the great Italian j has no relation whatever to the legend of St. Ve-
poet, it affords evidence that the name of the plant 1 ronica and the crucifixion ; the adoption of that
in question had a different origin from the story ; explanation by scientific men, is not in accord
of the cross. So far as we can learn the plant's with that love of positive truth for which they are
name has always been pronounced Ve-ron'-e-ca ; usually distinguished. They have here adopted
accent on the second syllable, as in Betonica. as a fact, a guess, which we have seen has no
The two distinct pronunciations at the earliest in- foundation whatever. — Ed. G. M.]

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

EXHIBITION NOTES FROM NEW ORLEANS.

BV M. H. LESTER.

I spent two hours among the California exhibits
at the Exposition grounds a day or so ago. Conifers
and fruit trees are looking splendid. 1 was glad
to notice among flowering stuff Rhododendron
occidentalis, and the pretty Australian Polygala
Dalmasiana. The Rose exhibit in this collection is
marvelous. Now would be the time to award
premiums, when all the roses look so good, and
not two months ago when nothing was visible but
leaf buds and labels. The grounds are not re-
markable for much else at present.

Inside, the Orchid exhibit is represented by
about 8oo plants. I notice in bloom Acropera
citrina, Epidendrum oncidioides, E. vitellenum,
E. odoratum, E. Brassavola, Lycaste aromatica,
L. Deppei, Chysis aurea, and Cyrtopodium puncta-
tum with splendid spikes, and several others of less
note.

The exhibits of Cacti, Agave, &c., from Texas
are getting small by degrees, and "beautifully less.''
I expect there will not be many left at the close.

In the plant department there are several speci-
mens of Carica papaya— Melon tree— both in fruit
and flower. This is the original Papaw. In
going through our own houses one may see five
varieties of I'assiflora in bloom, — P. princeps
racemosa, P. Buchananii, P. Fortdii, P. Kcrmesina,
and another with variegated foliage ; 1 forget the
name just now. Also Clerodendron Balfourii. I
have four good pieces of Phalienopsis amabilis in

bloom; some Oncidiums, including sphacelatum,
and sanguineum. My Dendrobium Wardianum,
D. superbum, and D. thyrsiflorum are done. I
got two good pieces of D. crepidatum, on fern tree
blocks, in bloom for over a month. D. Parishii is
fine. D. Dalhousianum has one spike open with
42 flowers, and 13 spikes in sight. I shall send
you a photograph of this if I can get it taken to
suit me. Also several Cattleyas of the Mossias
and Labiata percivaliana section. I have had
Coryanthes macrantha good, but it only lasts three
days after the flowers are open. No Orchid on
this place lasts so long in bloom as Galcandra
Devoniana.

No city or place that ever 1 have seen presents
such an array of flowers now, and for a month
past, as the city of New Orleans. Solanum Jas-
minioides, Wistaria sinensis and Rhcyncospermum
Jasminioides, 30 and 40 feet high, breaking out
through the tops of Meha Azederach and Mag-
nolia grandiflora ; with Mareschal Neil, Gloire
de Dijon, Reine Marie Henrietta, Climbing
Devoniensis, and La Marque. Roses hanging in
garlands from tree to tree along the streets, is a
sight never to be forgotten. The Crinums are all
in bloom now ; also several Yuccas, Panciatiums,
AmaryUises, and almost everything else.

WORLD'S EXHIBITION AND COTTON CEN-
TENNIAL—THE CONTINUED DISPLAY.

BY J. E. W.

The fine display of Citrus fruits at Horticultural
Hall has been well-sustained, both Florida and
California having largely renewed their exhibits

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

191

In fact, there has been no flagging of interest or
attraction in the fruit display since the first
opening to visitors. In the early part of the
season came the Northern fruits, later the Citrus
and Tropical.

At the present moment these fruit displays are
not the only attraction at Horticultural Hall. The
fine collection of Orchids, Cacti, and Agaves in
bloom are largely attracting attention. An almost
regal display of Fuchsias in magnificent bloom,
occupies the benches. I very much doubt if the
collections of Geraniums in bloom, exhibited by
E. Baiter and S. Eblin, of New Orleans, have ever
been equalled in an exhibit at the South. Very
many of the trusses will measure four to five
inches across, and of almost every tint of color.
In the Mexican Government exhibit are some fine
specimens of Palms — Oreodoxa regia (Royal
Palm) ChamEerops humilis, Cocos nucifera (Co-
coanut Palm). Florida made fine exhibits of
Phoenix dactylifera. California's exhibit of Palms
was worthy of much credit for their healthy ap-
pearance. There were in their exhibit specimens
of Latania borbonica, Chamaerops humilis,
Livistonia altissima. In the exhibit were also
Arecas, Sabals, Phoenix, &c. Maitre & Cook, of
New Orleans, had also a nice display and fine
assortment of Palms — Areca lutescens, Phoenico-
phorium Sechellarum, Calamus asperimmus, C.
Louisiamus.

The Rose display in the grounds around Horti-
cultural Hall is worthy of attention. Florists of
the City have contributed the greater portion.
Maitre & Cook have over two hundred different
varieties. Jules Fortu about one hundred. J.
Eblin also has specimens. The Dingee & Conard
Co., of Pa., Gabriel Marc, of N. Y., have displays.
The selections are of the choicest varieties of Tea
and everblooming varieties.

New Orleans, April so, iSSj.

FLORAL NOTES FROM THE NEW ORLEANS
EXHIBITION.

BY W. H. BOOMKAMP.

Under the above heading Mr. M. H. Lester
says a few words about the Horticultural Depart-
ment of the New Orleans exhibition in the May num-
ber of the Gardeners' Monthly. I was greatly
surprised to find the following remark in it : " The
Universal Bulb Co. make a good display in the
grounds, but as none of their exhibits are labeled,
it is not one in a thousand that knows what they
are," etc.

In reply to this, writer would say that Mr. Lester
is greatly mistaken. " The General (not the Uni-
versal) Bulb Co." of Holland had all their colleclive
exhibits properly labelled. They exhibited no
varieties of Hyacinths, 150 varieties of Tulips, 25
varieties of crocuses, and 50 of Narcissi, which
were all named when writer left New Orleans, in
the latter part of March. It would have been
entirely out of place to label the different designs
made of bulbs, as some of the beds contained as
many as ten or more varieties.

Mr. Lester undoubtedly knows that the grounds
are almost left to take care of themselves. When I
left the grounds there were only two men to keep
them (an area of about 170 acres) in proper con-
dition. No wonder, then, that rose beds and other
designs almost disappear under the weeds. As
long as I could see personally that the General
Bulb Co's exhibit was properly taken care of the
labels were kept in place, but have no doubt that
after leaving, rain, wind and weeds soon played
havoc among the beds and made some names
disappear entirely.

As a horticultural show this department of the
exposition certainly was a great failure. The
Fruit exhibit was very fine, but one would expect
something more interesting than a fruit exhibit in
such a magnificent structure as Horticultural Hall.

It always was a puzzle to me why the City of
New Orleans wanted such an immense glass
building in a climate where the summer lasts nine
months, with practically no winter. A hall quarter
the size, to exhibit Orchids, Palms and Cacti would
have answered the purpose just as well, if not
better, and the money expended on this grand but
useless building could have made, in that climate,
a paradise of the grounds.

What a pity it is that there was no plan in laying
out the grounds. Mr. Parker Earle and Professor
Tracy certainly deserve credit for what they have
done under the circumstances, and few can under-
stand how unenviable a position theirs was. Their
labors would have been materially lightened, if a
proper landscape gardener had been appointed ; if
the grounds had been worked after a plan made
by him ; and hundreds, if not thousands of dollars
would have been saved that way. The trouble
was, the director-general, Mr. Burke, undertook
too much ; instead of leaving the different depart-
ments in charge of the appointed heads, he would
make suggestions here and there ; alterations were
made to suit his caprice, even when entirely
against the principles and intentions of superin-
tendents. As it is Mr. Burke has attained what

192

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

seemed to be his object, the erecting of large
buildings, larger than any made heretofore ; but
the Exposition as a world's fair will be pronounced
a failure by every man who knows what a world's
fair ought to be. As an American exhibition it
certainly is a very fine one. The Government
and States exhibits are the finest and most com-
plete displays ever put up of their kind, but
foreign nations (Mexico excepted) are very poorly
represented.

Owing to the great distance New Oileans is
situated from populous places the attendance is
very thin, the gate receipts seldom exceeding
$4,000 a day, barely enough to pay running ex-
penses.

Mr. Baker in his excellent article on " Horticul-
ture at the New Orleans Exposition," in the May
number, speaks in vain to the Northern Horticul-
turists. They do not want to risk their goods to a
slow Ireight line, especially under the present
state of affairs at New Orleans.

Let us hope that the horticulturists of this grand
Union will soon find a better opportunity to show
what they can do. Give them a centre easy of
access, and we may be sure of an exhibition just
as grand, if not finer than any in Europe.
Why can't we have an American Horticultural
Exhibition ? 19 Broadway, New York.

[Aside from the difficulties referred to by our
correspondent, the adherence to the old-fashioned
method of premiums kept away a large number of
the best exhibitors. In these days it is of no sort
of value to any man to be able to say that he had
the " best on exhibition ;" but if the plan inaugur-
ated at the American Centennial had been taken
up and improved on, the awards would have been
of great value.

That plan was, to state in the certificate what
were the peculiar merits on which the award was
based. This system does not prevent money
premiums or medals of value being also awarded
with the certificate if thought desirable ; although
money was not included in the Centennial plan.
We know of a half score at least of leading Horti-
culturists who would certainly have exhibited if
such discriminative awards had been made, who
would not go a dozen miles with their goods for
the chance of a few hundred dollars in premiums,
and that be all. We felt very sorry when we saw
this old fossilized method of competition, only
popular at village fairs, proposed for a grand
scheme like this, knowing full well it would be a
failure ; but as we have continually pointed this
out in our magazine, we thought best not to say

anything specifically on this occasion, but rather
lend what aid our magazine could render to make
the affair a success in spite ot this radical blunder.
Now that it is over, we may speak more freely, in
the hope that other attempts may profit at any
rate.— Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Exhibitions by Private Firms. — Mr. B. A.
EUiott, of Pittsburg, recently got up a horticultural
exhibition on a grand scale, in order to aid a
library association. It is a good plan to aid in
advancing a knowledge of Horticulture, at the
same time it serves a good cause ; and it may be
" bread cast on the waters," for which the aver-
age business man spends so much. It deserves to
be at any rate. The Pittsburg papers speak of the
exhibit as being unequaled by anything ever seen
in the western part of the State.

The Pennsylvania Horticultural Society.
— The Society is very much elated by the great
success of their spring exhibition. Though they
have been burned out twice, several times
drowned out by Jupiter Pluvius, squeezed like an
abandoned lemon and tortured by a heartless
sheriff, and had no end of other misfortunes, it still
rejoices in being yet not only among living things,
but on the road to its former glory. It obtained
over 300 new members last year.

Californian Fruits at the New Orleans
Exposition. — A large numberof premiums for fruit
trees and fruits at New Orleans, were awarded to
Californians, among whom the name of Mr. John
Rock figures largely. Californians have good
reason to be proud of the leading part taken by
their State on this occasion.

Exhibitor of Cactuses at the New Orleans
E.XHiBiTiON. — We are informed that the collection
of Cactuses, that received so much praise from our
New Orleans correspondent, should have been
credited to J. H. Erkener, of San Antonio, Texas,
and not J. H. Wisher, as the types gave it.

The American Association of Nurserymen.
— The next meeting will be held in Chicago, June
17, i8, 19 and 20. The association has been
found of immense benefit in bringing the trade to
a better standing before the great world of busi-
ness, and the mectingsare receiving more and more,
yearly, the encouragement of the best representa-
tives of the trade.

THE

Gardeners^ Monthly

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE. ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXVII.

JULY, 1885.

Number 319.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

The past autumn and spring were rather favor-
able transplanting seasons, but under the best
conditions some extra care should be given the
first season. The time is coming when transplanted
trees of the past fall and spring will suffer more
than during any other part of the season. If they
show a vigorous growth of young wood no danger
need be apprehended, as it indicates that the roots
are active, and can supply all the moisture the
foliage calls for ; but if no growth has been made,
no roots have been formed, and the leaves are
living for the most part on the sap in the wood and
bark ; and hot, drying weather will tell with in-
jurious effect on such trees. This is generally first
shown by the peeling off of the bark on the south-
western side of the tree, — the most drying aspect ;
and where such exhaustion appears probable,
much relief may be afforded by cutting back some
of the branches, syringing with water occasionally,
shading the trees where practicable, or wrapping
the trunk in hay-bands or shading the southwest
with boughs or boards.

In most kinds of soil the keeping the surface
loose, by hoeing and raking in dry weather, will
be an excellent method of keeping the main body
cool and moist, — admitting the air, which is a
good non-conductor. In soils, however, which
are deficient in loam, and in which sand prevails

to a great extent, frequent stirrings have a drying
tendency, and a mulching of short grass, or decay-
ing vegetable matter of any kind will be found
very useful around transplanted trees, shrubs and
other things.

The Gladiolus has become one of our most
popular summer flowers. Those who have collec-
tions of them arrange the varieties very tastefully
according to their colors. Take a list of colors as
they flower, so as to arrange them properly next
year. We give the same advice for Petunias, Ver-
benas and Geraniums. The various shades of
colors of these varieties, properly arranged, make
beds peculiarly pleasing. This is one of the arts
of modern flower-gardening, to arrange flowers
properly according to shades of color.

This is the best season of the year for watching
the effects of various plants in the now popular
plan of carpet bedding, and then arrange the
plants as well as the beds themselves for next year.
Such beds are very effective when placed in con-
trast with more natural features. We give on the
following page a sketch of one in a park in Ger-
many, taken from the German Gardeners' Maga-
zine, which will give some idea to those who have
not seen them, how these beds are made.

We have so much greater variety to choose
from that will succeed in our climate, that we
ought to have prettier beds than they. Some
things, however, like Lobelias, prefer their cool to

194

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

our warm climate, and we are without a first-class
blue adapted to carpet bedding.

The lawns, walks and flower beds will still re-
quire constant care, and attention can be bestowed
at this season on improving the form of trees and
shrubs. In some parts of a large garden, trees
are in better keeping with surrounding scenery
when suffered to grow wild and pretty much to
themselves; but, near buildings, or in any part of
a garden which is to denote high keeping, symmetry
will ever be considered a chief element in beauty,
and the aim be, what after all is the true object of
gardening, an improvement in fact over the prettiest
natural scenes. Trees and shrubs can be made
as regular as we wish, by training a shoot here,

not Crispa, but received no satisfaction from him,
and then sent it to Mr. Meehan, having tested his
kindly patience often enough to feel assured that
I would be enlightened as to its real botanical
name. The flower is a pale delicate lavender,
well-shaped, exactly like the Crispa offered this sea-
son as a novelty, and is a habitat of some localities
where I have collected the bulbs (alluded to on page
i8i, June issue, and which by authority of Profs.
Thos. Meehan, Asa Gray and Serene Watson I
now know to be Zephyranthus Atamasco) Fairy
Lily, and Clematis, abounds on our water courses.
I must have, in letter accompanying the specimen
sent, alluded to another rampant growing white
Clematis, I think Virginica, which dies off an-

^^^^^£iSjb£.A:Ai«:^-£^:i.>^

and tying one there — now using a stake, at another
time employing a string. After a few weeks they
will grow is you have placed them, and exemplify
the adage, that "as the twig is bent the tree's in-
clined." The most malformed or ugliest specimen
of an evergreen may be made an exquisite "thing
of beauty" by such trifling care.

COMMUNICATIONS.

CLEMATIS NATIVE OF SOUTH CAROLINA.

BY MRS. J. S. R. THOMSON.

Will not the Editor of Gardeners' Monthly
kindly correct a mistake which I note on page 185,
June issue, relative to a Clematis sent him, which
he describes as white ? whereas the flower which
I sent was pale lavender veined with white on in-
side of flower. I sent it to a florist to ask if it was

nually, bearing in greatest profusion clusters of
exquisite white myrtle-like flowers, followed by
seed pods so beautiful and lasting that we use
them to mingle with our grass bouquets for winter
decoration when stern winter holds its icy sway.
I think it will simplify matters by saying that " R.
Thomson, Jr.," is my nam de plume, assumed to
avoid local criticism alone — which, dreaded so
much viewed afar, is not quite so terrible as my
vivid imagination painted it. Spartansburg, S. C.

THE VARIEGATED EULALIA.

BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

The variegated Japan Eulalia, Eulalia Japonica
variegata, is a very beautiful hardy perennial plant,
belonging to the natural order Graminaca:.

It is a reed-like plant of robust habit forming
when well established large clumps from four to

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

195

six feet in height and having long narrow green
leaves, which are beautifully marked with alternate
stripes of creamy white and green, much after the
manner of the old ribbon or striped grass of our
gardens, and presents quite as much variety in
the stripings or variegation of its leaves, but
differs in being more robust and complete in its
manner of growth. The flowers appeal about the
middle of September, and the panicles are pro-
duced from the centre of the stalks ; at first they
are brownish with erect branches and not at all
showy, but as the flowers expand, the branches
of the panicles curve over gracefully in a one-
sided manner, thus bearing a strong resemblance
in form to what is known as a Prince of Wales
feather. Each of the individual flowers, which
are very numerous upon each branch of the
cluster, has at its base a tuft of long silky hairs
which greatly contributes to the feathery lightness
of the whole. If the flowers are gathered as soon
as they are at their best and carefully dried they
will prove to be very desirable as parlor orna-
ments, for when placed in a dry room they fully
expand and present a most graceful and beautiful
appearance, not unlike that of an ostrich plume,
and moreover they will last for many years.

This Eulalia is a plant easily cultivated and
when well grown is especially valuable for sub-
tropical work, although it is equally at home in
the mixed flower border, or in groups or single
specimens on the lawn. It prefers a rich deep
loamy soil, and requires copious waterings during
seasons of drought. After the plant becomes well
established it should be given a good dressing of
well decomposed manure every fall, and this
should be dug in in the spring when the plant
should be cut back close to the ground.

For the introduction of this beautiful plant we
are indebted to Mr. Thomas Hogg who discovered
and introduced it from Japan.

Propagation can only be effected by a careful
division of the plant and this operation is best
performed early in the spring, before the plant
starts into growth ; but it should be borne in mind
that the plants make but little growth the first
season ; afterwards every season's growth adds
to the beauty of the plant both in size and vigor.
From this it will be seen that frequent removals or
divisions should be avoided and that a liberal ap-
plication of manure every spring, with copious
waterings during seasons of drought, are the
essential requisites to the successful cultivation of
this very beautiful plant.

Queens, N. V., June ist, 1S83.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Cultivating the M.\mmoth Sequoia of Cali-
fornia.—To the Editor of this magazine, one of
the most interesting lessons learned in California,
was one which only one experienced in the culture of
trees could learn ; namely, that the Sequoia gigantea
is by nature a swamp tree. The places where they
grow now are comparatively dry ; but two or three
thousand years ago they followed the track of re-
ceding glaciers, and they received the melting
snows from the tops of mountains that have no
summer snows now. The ground on which these
mammoth trees stand, once very wet or even
swampy, has become drier through the long ages.
Horticulturists know that swamp trees generally
grow very well in ground that is comparatively
dry, but seeds of such trees will not sprout in any-
thing but the moist, oozy moss on the top of a
swamp or damp ground. Hence, the only young
trees we find in the mammoth tree locations, are
where a chance seed happens to fall on a moist
rock, or other damp situation. Young trees are
common only in one location where clouds con-
dense against a mountain side and the whole
situation abounds with springs and oozy spots.
Here in the east hundreds of trees have been
planted during the past quarter of a century, but
rarely has one lived more than a few years. They
do not mind the winters. We have known them
stand 20'-' below zero uninjured, but some fungus_
favored by a dry atmosphere, carries them off
gradually during the summer season.

Profiting by these facts, the writer brought three
strong plants from California and set them in a
swamp. Usually when we set swamp trees in a
swamp, they will not grow unless they are suffered
to grow into the swamp themselves. We make a
mound and plant them in the mound, from whence
they root down as suits themselves. These three
plants have had two winters and one summer ; the
past winter being a terribly severe one. Today
they look perfectly sound and flourishing, and the
Editor believes that he has at last discovered how
to make the great tree of Californi.i thrive in
eastern gardens.

Tar Water Against Insects. — Water strongly
impregnated with tar, is becoming very popular in
Europe as an insecticide.

Public School Gardens. — Great efforts are
being made in France to have gardens attached
to all public schools. It is found in Philadelphia
that there is always a pressure to get into those

196

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

lJ"iy.

schools that happen to have little gardens attached-
The Newton School in West Philadelphia, has
a nice garden, and there is one in Frankford that
has a very beautiful fern rockery in the front yard.
These efforts, however, all come from the local
School Boards. The Board of Education that has
the matter wholly in their hands, has done nothing
to loster or encourage this love.

Magnolia cordata.— All that we have seen of
this rare Magnolia is nothing but the common
Cucumber tree. Magnolia acuminata, which some-
times has cordate or heart-shaped leaves. We
have good reason for believing that the true plant,
which grows wild in Georgia, has never yet been
introduced to nurseries, either in the Old World
or here.

Preserving Iron Surfaces from Oxidation.
— Pulverulent zinc is mixed with oil and a dryer,
and the mixture is applied with a brush. For
ordinary exposure, one coating of this mixture is
affirmed to be sufficient, but a double coat, it is
claimed, will afford a sure protection against both
the atmosphere and sea water. A good formula for
this zinc paint is the following ; Zinc in powder, 8
parts; oil, 71 parts; dryers, 2 parts. The mixture
should be prepared freshly, and only so much
made as is required for the time. The zinc coating
imparts to the iron a steel-grey color, and does not
interfere with the application of another coat of
paint. — English Mechanic.

Portraits from Bedding Plants. — Leaf
plants, or carpet bedding, as they are called, are
quite familiar in the form of lettering, out in our
park, or spelling the names of rural railway
stations. Town Topics tells how, two years ago,
the superintendent of the Allegheny Park at Pitts-
burg, Pa., planted on a sloping bank, in medallion
form, likenesses of Washington and Lincoln, that
were so true to life that they could be recognized
three hundred feet distant. The design was so
original and so cleverly brought out that thousands
of persons repaired from all parts of the country
to see how well the products of nature were made
subservient to art.

Root Insects on the Clematis. — Galls that
appear on the roots of the Clematis, much resem-
bling those which appear on the roots of grapes
attacked by the phylloxera, are well-known ene-
mies to cultivators of the Clematis. Prof. William
Trelease has examined critically these galls, and
contributes to the Country Gentleman a very in-
teresting account of what he finds. He finds the
galls are formed by worms that belong to the

group Nematodes, and similar to the Trichinia
found in pork. A number are known as parasites
on the roots of plants, just as others are parasitic
in flesh of animals.

Spir.ea astilboides.— Under this name an
herbaceous plant with something the appearance
of Astilbe japonica has appeared in the English
gardens. No one knows its origin. The heads of
flowers on the panicle are arranged in cylindrical
spikes about two inches long and a quarter of an
inch thick. For cut flower work the feathering
character of Astilbe will be superior, but still as
an ornamental herbaceous plant this one has
charms of its own.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

One

to 2

it be

The Hen and Chicken Daisy. — "S. T. W.,"

'Forest Grove, Oregon, writes: "I send by this
mail a box containing a daisy which you will see
has assumed a somewhat singular form ; viz. A
number of small daisies around the central. One
or two of my bunches show this tendency,
flower had 18 smaller ones on stems from 'i
inches long. Is it common, and would
worth while to perpetuate it by propagation ?
There has been no seed formed as yet, but may
be. It is a seedling with the following history.
Some years ago D. M. Ferry sent to the Warm
Spring Indian Agency a box of seeds. They were
sent to me by the clerk. For several years 1 had
planted them in boxes without getting a plant. Last
year I mixed them in with a lot of old seeds I had on

I hand and sowed them with a hand-drill for a wild
garden. This spring I found them and trans-
planted them on the east side of the house, where
they are in rich ground and shaded most of the
day."

' [The peculiarity is not uncommon, and is known
as the " Hen and Chicken " daisy. When a plant
once takes on this form it can be perpetuated by
offsets, and probably by seeds. The law that in.

I duces these changes in plants has never been dis-
covered. People have been satisfied to call them
sports, monstrosities, freaks, and so forth ; but
these names explain nothing. — Ed. G. M.]

Lavatera arborea variegata. — Mr. Slo-
combe sends a flowering branch of this beautiful
shrub, which ought to be hardy where the ex-
posure is not too severe. The green and white
are distinctly marked, and the abundance of the
I minute althxa-like purple flowers set oflf the
I variegated flowers to great advantage.

I885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

'97

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

NOTES ON MILDEW AND OTHER TOPICS.
BY JOHN MURCHIE.

Much interest seems to be taken in the subject
of "Mildew on Roses" and its cause. I am ot
your opinion, Mr. Editor, that mildew very seldom
attacks healthy plants, and when it does we are
simply told "it is a chill." Roses are much more
liable to the attacks of mildew in autumn and
spring than in winter, when little or no air is ad-
mitted to the house. Now I will state what I
consider the most prolific source — cause — of
mildew ; namely, the manner in which the plants
receive this chill or check, which, if properly
understood, mildew would seldom be seen, at
least on healthy roses.

Through carelessness and neglect the house is
allowed to rise to too high a temperature, the
house is found standing at 90", the air is chilly
outside, and the sun is shining brightly. Then,
nine times out of ten, up go four or five venti-
lators, and out rushes the heated air carrying with
it every particle of moisture the house contained,
causing the tender points of the shoots and young
leaves to droop or wilt by the sudden evaporation
of their sap. The higher the temperature of the
house the more moisture the atmosphere contains.
The freeing of this heated air is followed by a
drier air, which absorbs moisture quickly, hence
the evaporation, and hence the chill, for I think
this evaporation causes the temperature of the
young shoots and leaves to be much lower than is
indicated by the thermometer in the house.

I have not scientific lore enough to explain
this as fully as I would wish, but I am satisfied of
the effect produced by this cause. How evapor-
ation affects the organism of the tender wood and
leaves, causing them to wilt, I do not know
(perhaps the Editor will explain). This much we do
know; they do wilt, and I believe from this cause.

One such chill has a worse effect on healthy
roses than would be caused by the temperature of
the house touching freezing point if the change
was gradual. The plants receive a chill in this
way, when to all appearances there has been no
such thing as a draught of cold air. When the

house is thus overheated, the paths and benches
should be thoroughly sprinkled and air admitted
sparingly.

I was interested in the duration of the flowers of
Cyclamen, as recorded by Mr. George C. Butz,
and will give an instance where the removal of
pollen shortened the life of the flower. At out the
middle of March I had in flower plants of Cattleya
Skinneri and C. Triana. The plant of C. Skin-
neri had eighteen flowers. I removed the pollen
balls from three of the flowers for the purpose of
hybridizing Trians on the morning following.
The lips of the three flowers were rolled tightly
around the column, and they faded and fell off
more than ten days before the other fifteen flowers.
The flower of C. Trianae, to which the pollen was
applied, began to droop almost at once, and
promises to give a crop of seed ; but the getting a
crop of plants is not so easy. A plant of Cypri-
pedium insigne here with Mr. O'Brien has pro-
duced two flowers on one stem for three years in
succession. I asked Mr. O'Brien to mark and re-
move it, and try to perpetuate it, but he neglected
to do so. We will watch it another year.

I send you with this a flower of Phaljenopsis
Schilleriana, with three very perfect lips. There
are two flowers exactly similar on the same spike.

Could you not induce the Rev. L. J. Templin to
continue his description of Interesting Vegetable
Forms ? It is very instructive as well as inter-
esting. Sharon, Pa.., April nth, 1S85.

[There is no doubt but plants with low vital
power become afflicted with mildew, and other
fungus diseases, when plants under the best con-
ditions of life will escape. It may be necessary to
explain that a plant under these low vital con-
ditions need not necessarily be diseased in the full
sense of the word, for, it is probably here that so
much confusion exists between two great classes
of intelligent people — one, those who believe the
minute vegetable organisms attack only plants
already diseased, and those who are satisfied they
will attack the most healthy plants. For instance,
in the north of Europe the English gooseberry is
at home. It delights in a moist climate. When it
is planted in more Southern latitudes where the .
climate is drier, it mildews. The plants are still
healthy — at least no one would call them diseased

igS

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

IJuly.

—but the drier climate somewhat weakens their
power of resistance, and then they are to mildew
an easy prey. So with the garden pea, also a
lover of a cool northern climate. Those we sow
early bloom and keep healthy to the last, but late
sown peas mildew, and come to nothing. They
are healthy, but yet weak. It is a nice distinction
between a low vital power, and actual unhealth-
fulness, but yet an important one.

Mr. Murchie's suggestion about the evaporation
from young growth may also be seen by these
illustrations, to have good ground ; for no doubt it
is the strain on the juices of peas and gooseberries —
plants accustomed to a moister climate — that first
leads them to tire of the great struggle for life. —
Ed. G. M.l

PERMANGANATE OF POTASH.
BY N. ROBERTSON.

I noticed an extract in the Canadian Horti
culturist from the Garden, London, of a party
that had been experimenting with this material^
which induced me to try it, and as his experiments
cannot reach many I will repeat them briefly,
adding my own opinions of it.

He says, " I had used this as a deodorizer and
disenfectant and as such recommended it to a
friend. For convenience sake he kept it in an old
can near a houseful of Pelargoniums. A young
practitioner took it and watered the plants on one
side of the house with it. Dire results were ex-
pected from it, but quite the reverse was the result,
for the dosed plants showed increased instead of
diminished vigor. 1 at once commenced a series
of experiments with it, using an unvarying strength
of as many crystals as covered a six-penny piece
to one gallon of water, for watering the soil ; but
for syringing used double the quantity of water.
Rare ferns, fuchsias, tender grasses, roses in pots
&c., are to all but myself a mystery of luxuriance ",'■
and goes on to state that he had tried plants in
sand saturated with a strong solution, covering the
surface with cork to keep the roots out of the light.
Those plants are vigorous and alive.

For vase plants it is evidently good as the water
does not require changing or become offensive but
preserves them in an unusual freshness and vigor.
I have also used it in glass buttonhole holders, the
flower stalks seized and absorbed the coloring
matter in about an hour. This was especially the
case with yellow flowers. Overhead watering with
this liquid is disastrous to our common enemy, the
green fly.

An amateur of considerable experience told me
my plants never looked like what they do this
year. My primulas are especially fine. I attribute
it to the use of permanganate of potash which 1
have been using on them this winter. Green fly
has entirely disappeared. From his remarks I
looked up the article I have given a part of and
my experiments carry out what is stated. 1 have
doubled the quantity and syringe every second
night with it. Green fly and mildew on roses have
disappeared, and the plants seem to have renewed
vigor ; but as yet time has not permitted me to
give it as a deodorizer the full value he does. In
using it for syringing I find that when it stands
mixed for any time it is liable to leave marks on
the leaves. Not so if it is newly mixed. It is also an
extremely cheap article, and will be easily reached
by any who wish to try it. A continued applica-
tion for some time to see its effect properly will
have to be pursued. Although it kills green fly,
it will not prevent new crops coming ; and every
one ought to know how fast that is.

Supt. Government Grounds, Canada.

THE RELATIVE COST OF STEAM AND

HOT WATER HEATING.

BY A. B. FOWLER.

1 have been making some inquiries, by mail,
of florists, covering the country from Bangor, Me.-
to Baltimore, Md , and from the Atlantic to
Chicago, IJl., hoping thereby to obtain the
practical facts regarding the comparative merits
of steam and hot water as heating mediums foi
greenhouses. Responses to my inquiries establish
the following facts, viz.: During the past winter
one ton of coal burned in a hot water apparatus
has heated io8 sq. ft. of ground covered by glass
to a temperature of ^y/P. One ton of coal
burned in a steam apparatus has heated 149 sq.
ft. of ground covered by glass to a temperature of
6o'4 -. The questions submitted to those using
hot water were identical to those sent to users
of steam, and while the hot water apparatus
were of all the difl'crent kinds, those of steam were
all of one kind, "Exeter."

I do not know of any method of combining
these results, so as to bring into simple form the
comparative value of one ton of coal in either
apparatus, but submit what information has been
gained for the benefit of those interested, if you
choose to publish it. Exeter, N, H.

[We suppose a very large number of compari-
sons might give data from which we might get an

1885.)

AND HORTICULTURIST.

199

average ; but averages are dangerous in calcu-
lations of this kind. The heating of a house very
often depends as much on the setting of a boiler
by the mason, as on the actual heating capacity of
the boiler and pipes. The glazing of a house has
an influence, and the velocity of the wind in con-
nection with outside temperature will make the
inside vary immensely. As a question of physics,
it takes more coal to heat a certain amount of
water to the condition of steam, and to keep it to
the condition of steam, than it does to warm water ;
and if people could only persuade themselves to let
the warm water run down hill, as long ago advo-
cated by Mr. William Saunders of Washington,
instead of the silly practice of forcing it up hill as
everywhere prevails, we should have a much
better showing for hot water than the figures
collected by Mr. Fowler can possibly show. But
though it must take more coal to make steam than
hot water, there are so many counterbalancing
advantages for steam in many instances, especially
for heating large establishments, that it is better in
these cases than hot water. — Ed. G. M.]

A REMEDY FOR ROSE MILDEW.

BY A. VEITCH.

Since the fact became known that linseed oil
and sulphur kills mildew without hurting the foli-
age of roses or other plants, it is claimed by some
that the oil is wholly unnecessary as sulphur alone
is a perfectly safe remedy. It is true that this sub-
stance has been frequently used without doing
harm, but it is also true that in untold instances
much mischief has been done by applying it in
this state even when under the direction of experts.
Knowing this, and also that such work is often
intrusted to incompetent hands, it seems highly
important that a harmless remedy has been dis-
covered which not only kills mildew but also pre-
vents it appearing, however favorable the causes
might be for its development. That it can do this
is placed beyond a doubt, for we know of several
cases in which plants perfectly infested have been
made clean and kept so by occasionally renewing
the dose.

But the merits of this mixture do not end with
the destruction and prevention of mildew. Red
spider cannot live in the house in which it is freely
used. And there is good evidence for believing
that the plants are benefited by the vapor from
the oil in the atmosphere ; but whether this comes
by inhalation or by lubricating their external parts
we presume not to say ; but certain it is under

this treatment the leaves assume a deep and glossy
green which is rightly interpreted as a sign of vig-
orous health.

In recommending this remedy " to the afflicted"
we do not assume the role of one who trumps up
a quack medicine for gain, but from the convic-
tion that, all in all, it is the best yet made known,
and those who oppose its introduction may yet
find it take the place of all others.

New Haven, Conn.

[The writer of this has two houses, one wholly
with Catharine Mermet, the other, several kinds
mixed, in which mildew had always been trouble-
some, though sulphur was freely used. This
season the pipes were painted as recommended
last fall by Mr. Veitch, and there has been no sign
of mildew since. — Ed. G. M.]

A HYBRID BETWEEN THE ROSE GERA-
NIUM AND THE PELARGONIUM.

BY ERNEST WALKER.

The difficulty experienced in obtaining seed of
the Rose Geranium is well known — at least to me.
In 188 1 and previously 1 had tried a number of
times to induce the flowers to form seed, by fertili-
zing them with their own pollen, in vain. At last
I tried fertilizing the flowers with pollen from the
ordinary Geranium and Pelargonium of florists
with but little hope of success, from the difference
in species. But to my surprise and pleasure after
watching anxiously for the results, from thirty
crosses I obtained two plump seeds ; one from a
cross Rose Geranium Zonale, Wonderful ; the
other from Rose Geranium Pelargonium, Lady
Washington.

The seeds were carefully placed in the soil, and
though slow germinating they at last unfolded their
seed-leaves above the soil. Eagerly I watched the
plumules unfold and with pleasure I saw, as one
after another of the leaves unwrapt itself, after
the third and fourth attained their size, unmistaka-
ble evidence of their being affected by the cross.
I say third and fourth because variations or
peculiarities manifest in the first two leaves are
not reliable or permanent.

Unfortunately the cross between the Rose and
Zonale Geraniums, which appeared the more
promising, was lost. Being of delicate constitu-
tion^as I observe seedlings effected by crossing
frequently are at first — a little extra water that
dripped into the pot from a leak in the sash one
rainy day caused it to damp off.

I was more successful with the other, from in-

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

creased care, and more vigor in the plant. After
a few weeks it grew vigorously and the leaves
still retained the indications of being a hybrid;
they had the lobed and jagged leaves of the Rose
Geranium and the crispness of the Pelargonium ;
but the leaves were distinct from either. I propa-
gated several plants to guard against losing the
stock. I waited almost impatiently for them to
flower, but, after some time, it began to seem to
me as if they were intending to consult their own
pleasure in this matter.

I have waited three years. A few days since
they came in bloom and most profusely. They
prove to be genuine hybrids (cross between spe-
cies). The flowers are midway in size between
the flowers of the Rose Geranium and Pelargo-
nium ; they have the rose color that belongs to
both parents but inclining to the silvery rose color
of the Lady Washington Pelargonium, while all
the petals are stained with the rich dark maroon
that enriches the beauty of the petals of the Pelar-
gonium. I hope to make it the basis of a class of
larger-flowering Rose C.eraniums. Thus — as is
also suggested by Jean Sisley in his article, page
185 of June Gardeners' Monthly, 1884, in which
he speaks of a new species in Caryophyllacse
arising from a cross between Dianthus plumaris
and D. caryophyllus — the creation of new species
as well as varieties is not altogether beyond the
reach of human effort and perseverance..

New Albany, Ind.

SHRUBBY BEGONIAS.

BY N. ROIiERTSON.

There are very few classes of plants more easy
to manage than these are, requiring a good open
porous soil, fairly rich, with their drainage perfect,
and at no time an over supply of water. Their
roots will not bear any sour material or stagnant
water about them. The little care they require,
and the fine display they make, will always place
them amongst the first ranks on the shelves m the
greenhouse. No class of plants will more easily
succumb to your wishes than they will.

In most all collections of plants are to be found
such varieties as Begonia Fuchsioides, Sandersonii,
Richardsonii, Wcltoncnsis, and a few others which
are always a pleasure to sec, but there are others
not inferior, perhaps superior, of which we never
hear or see anything, a few of which I will notice ;

Begonia Manillcnsis. — I cannot say that I have
ever seen a more desirable one than this, and that
will give more satisfaction. It has all the qualities

that could be desired. A hardy constitution, always
in flower, with its white wa.\y looking foliage and
flowers, and neat dwarf spreading habit, makes it
one of the best plants I know of for any purpose.
Cuttings just rooted throw up their flowers. In
fact I have never seen it out of flower.

Bfffonia Caracasiana. — Of more robust, stately
habit, bearing great abundance of light silvery
pink flowers, with its beautiful foliage, will make
its mark anywhere in a collection. This one, in so
far as I have seen of it, may be called a winter
flowering one. Its flowers are of long duration,
and very attractive.

Begonia Diadema. — Of its flowering qualities I
cannot say, as I have not had it long enough to
prove that ; but its unique foliage on short fleshy
stems, and its leaves marked with white oblong
blotches, make it an attractive specimen amongst
other plants, and deserves a place in all collections.

Begonia incarnata. — This one is perhaps more
frequently seen than any of the others, but not
half so often as it deserves, for there are few of
this class will do more to enliven the conservatory
through the dullest months in the winter. It is
always one mass of flowers with me during January
and February.

There are perhaps many more just as deserving
of notice as these are, but I am afraid this class is
being over-shadowed by the tuberous rooted var-
ieties. Much as they are to be admired, it would
be a great pity to see any neglect shown to the
shrubby varieties, which are surely more useful.
The tuberous ones being mostly deciduous, which
makes a blank part of the season.

Mrs. Bonner's notice in your March number is
certainly interesting. She makes some good hits
over this class of plants when she says she sees
many notices of them but fails to find them in any
catalogue, or anywhere else. Her case is mine.
My search has been in vain also. Her hints aie
good, and we hope to hear her "speak in meeting"
again. Supt. Government Grounds, Canada.

BLIND WOOD IN ROSE PROPAGATION.

BY T. V. S.

Mr, Williams, of Sharon, Pa., complains of
"blind shoots" and lays it to the use of "blind
wood" for cuttings. Well, he is just about right,
my experience in using that kind of wood boars
out his theory. I was formerly in the habit of
using "blinds," because they seemed to strike
easier, and there was a seeming saving of bud
bearing wood.

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

It may do, to increase the number of plants,
especially if wholesaling, but it will not do if you
are desirous of "cut blooms." I was told by a
rose-grower the practice was bad, to use only wood
from flowering shoots ; since doing so have no
complaint of blind wood. Judging from plants I
have bought, think the general practice is to use
"blind wood." Saratoga Springs, N. V.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

JlosE LusiAOES.^ — This rose was regarded as a
most remarkable sport, and some attention was
attracted to it even in this country where anything
claiming to be " fancy " among roses is sure to
have a good run. But it appears from a note in
the Journal ties Roses, that it was a case of
merely temporary change, as we often see in our
own country with Homer and other roses, and
that the original observer was not a man with the
floricultural knowledge to know the value of these
temporary changes. This is the charitable view,
although the Journal puts a harsher construction
on it. However, the following is a translation
which we find in the number for May ist :

" Rose amateurs will, we are sure, learn with
great interest, that the pretended new rose, Lusia-
des, has flowered in our establishment. It has
occupied full sheets of advertisements in many
publications, where it was certified that the flowers
were of a golden yellow with carmine spots.

" When we received it we remarked that the
plant in every way resembled Celine Forestier.
The pretended raiser might have offered it as a
fixed sport of that old rose. But now we can
certify that Rosa Lusiades, which has flowered
with us, is nothing else than Noisette Celine
Forestier.

" It is also curious to state that this rose has
already been sent out under the name of Liesis.
It is therefore evident that Mr. Da Costa, who
sent out Rosa Lusiades at the enormous price of
5of., and who does not reply to any letters which
complain of his behavior, has deceived the horti-
cultural public. SOUPERT & NOTTING."

" Luxembourg, April, 1885."

MiMULUs Culture in Pots. — I have occasion-
ally seen, in country districts, Mimuluses grown
by cottagers as window plants, and with astonish-
ing success. 1 have also met with good plants of
them at cottagers' shows thoroughly well grown
and flowered. Mimuluses have been much im-
proved of late. The introduction of the copper-

colored M. cupreus, some years ago, placed in the
hands of cultivators an admirable subject with
which to cross other kinds, and it has been suc-
cessfully and well used for that purpose. We are
now familiar with strains having large and hand-
somely-marked flowers, but they are, nevertheless,
not so generally grown as one could desire. The
fact is, a little special treatment is needed. The
plants require a cool, shaded, airy position, and
they should not be allowed to suffer from want of
water. A cool north house suits them best, and
here a fine display can be had all through the
summer and autumn by keeping up a succession
of plants. The seed is so small that a mere pinch
will produce many plants, and if a little be sown
in a pan or pot in some gritty soil in September,
by January the young seedlings will be quite
strong enough to pot off singly into 3-in. pots, and
finally shifted into 5-in. pots to flower ; or, if larger
specimens be wanted, into 8-in. pots. The Mimu-
lus is quite hardy ; no heat is required, but by keep-
ing the plants in a greenhouse all the winter they
make certain progress. A little more seed can be
sown in the end of February, and the produce of
these two sowings will yield quite enough plants
to keep up a good supply through the season.

Mimuluses succeed best in a north house where
the floor can be sprinkled with water and the
plants occasionally syringfld. In a house where
the temperature is high green fly is apt to attack
them, but where they are kept cool and growing
vigorously in a moist atmosphere this pest rarely
troubles them, and, if it does, a good fumigation
with tobacco smoke soon kills them. If there be
a few exceptionally good varieties, a selection may
be made for seeding from and for propagating by
division of the roots. If the plants be cut down
after they have done flowering and put into a cold
frame they will throw up a number of shoots from
the roots, and if these be divided and potted into
good soil, they in course of time make excellent
plants. But the cultivator should always make a
point of raising a few seedlings ; it is so pleasant
to watch the expanding flowers, and even if some
prove of an inferior character, some will certainly
be satisfactory. A good strain of seed cannot fail
to yield a good supply of plants.

There is no reason why Mimuluses should not
be grown in the open border, but heavy rains and
rough winds injure the plants severely, and soon
rob them of their beauty. If planted out, the
plants should be supported by stakes so as to
lessen the chances of danger from wind, and if
dwarfer growing plants can be put about them.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

they will not only act as a screen against wind,
but will help to keep the soil moist and cool. A
pleasing effect could be secured by a bed of
Mimuluses somewhat widely planted with mixed
Verbenas as a base. This combination would be
sure to give satisfaction ; and the carpet of Ver-
benas would supply the coolness and moisture at
the roots above recommended. Phlox Drummondi
or Petunias kept pegged down and dwarf Chry-
santhemum-flowered Asters would also serve for a
base ; and, in fact, many combinations of this
character might be worked out. Above all, a few
plants should be well-grown in pots, for it is in this
way that Mimuluses are seen to best advantage. —
Garden.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Disease in Roses. — A Saratoga correspondent
says: "Upon investigating into the cause of some
of my roses dying, 1 find nothing in the soil to
show any reasons for it, unless it be a white,
thread-like fungus ; and yet where found among
the roots of the roses that were all right, it seem-
ingly had no effect. I noticed where it was
against the boards on the side of the bench, that it
seemed to harden the ground and make soil
appear as if mixed with flour. Is the said fungus
death to plants ? ''•

" The month of April was cold; average tem-
perature 40^. May has been cold and cloudy ; so
far from 6 to 12^ frost the first 5 days."

[It is not possible without more knowledge of
the circumstances, to say whether the fungus
injured the rose or not in this case. — Ed. G. M.]

New Carn.'Vtions. — "C. M.," Hudson, N. Y.,
says: "I send you to- day, as a novelty, my new Car-
nation, ' Canary Bird.' Also one that I believe is
quite as unique, though perhaps it may be otherwise,
as 1 have not seen it before. I call it the 'Magenta
Queen.' The yellow one is the last of the crop
from the mother plant, and is less than two-thirds
of the size of those which have preceded it. Its
only fault is, it has no fragrance, so far as I can
perceive. I have no plants for sale, and am not
seeking notoriety. 1 shall be only too glad if 1 am
able to perpetuate the stock, and ore of these
days seek your aid in disseminating it."

[Unfortunately our correspondent had neglected
the oft-repeated directions to send things intended
for the Editor to him addressed, " Germantown
near Philadelphia." They were sent to the publi-
cation office, and, by the time they had been

re-mailed to Germantown there was nothing of
the flowers left but the dried-up calyx. — Ed. G. M.]

Beautiful Pansies. — A collection from Mr.
John F. Clark reminds us that though we see
large and showy pansies everywhere, not near as
much beauty has been evolved from them as they
are capable of affording. Some of these pansies
are so round, that when laid on a dollar none of
the silver is perceptible. And they are as flat as
the silver dollar, and this we think gives a charm
to a pansy, though there are times when a
crumpled flower may have a style of beauty to
captivate some tastes. Another feature that
gives a charm to a pansy, and which some of
these possessed, is a thick, leathery texture. They
might be exposed to the wind without dread lest
they blow to pieces. Some of these had these
good points. In the early days of pansy improve-
ments there were individuals with such good
characters, selected, named, and propagated by
cuttings, just as Fuchsias or Geraniums are now
propagated — but the ease with which fairly good
kinds can be raised from seed has banished
these all. Yet even seedlings may be so provided
for that strains with these good qualities may be
secured.

Double Richardia alba maculata. — Dou^
ble callas, or callas with two spathes, are not un-
common, but one of this species sent to us by Mr.
Slocombe, of New Haven, is a novelty.

In a calla flower, the white spathe is little more
than a colored leaf, and in the so-called double
cases, it is only the production of an additional
leaf. In this case it is very pretty, the primary
leaf being long and wavy, with a pretty mixture of
green among the white. It is the additional leaf
that makes the white spathe. If the habit could
be fixed the florists would have a treasure.

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Diekfenhachia rex. — The whole tribe of
Arums, or, as American boys would say, Indian
turnips, affords us some of the most beautiful
kinds of ornamental leaf plants known. This one
is said to be especially beautiful, and was sent out
first by Mr. Wm. Bull, of Chelsea, London, who
kindly furnishes us with the following account
of it :

" Wc have in this the King of the genus— a
very handsomely marked plant of free and vigor-
ous habit. The leaves arc closely placed on the

.885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

203

stem, the leaf-blades elliptic-lanceolate, unequal- : the venation, and are here and there slightly
sided, of a very deep green color, passing to paler | veined and sufifused with green." It was intro-
green near the edge of the narrow side, the whole duccd from South America. This was one of the

surface .to within about half an inch ol the margin
thickly covered with oblique-elongate angular
white blotches, which take the same direction as

twelve new plants with which Mr. W. B. gained
the First Prize at the Royal Horticultural Society's
Exhibitions in 1880, 1881 and 1882.

204

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

In many amateurs' gardens late peas are valued.
It is essential that they be planted in the coolest
part of the ground. The pea is a cool country
plant, and when it has to grow in warm weather
it mildews. The Marrowfat class are usually
employed for late crops. They need support. All
peas grow better and produce more when grown
to stakes. Bush beans may be also sown for late
crops. A very deep rich soil is necessary to ten-
der, crisp pods. The Lima bean will now be
growing rapidly. It is time well spent to tie them
to the poles as they grow. The poles should not
be too high — about eight feet is enough. They
commence to bear freely only when the top of the
pole is reached.

The lettuce is another cool country plant. It
can only be grown well in hot weather when in
very rich and cool soil. For winter use, beets are
occasionally sown now, and also cucumbers for
pickling purposes ; but not often ; and, at any
rate, it must be attended to early in the month.
Tomatoes trained to stakes give the sweetest fruit,
and remain in bearing the longest ; but many cul-
tivators, who grow for size and quantity only,
believe they have the best results when growing
them on the level ground. Celery is the chief
crop requiring attention. The great point is to get
short thick-growing varieties, as the long kinds
require so much moi-e labor to blanch. There are
now a number of new candidates, and people
will try these varieties as they try new fruits.
After so many trials with different ways of grow-
ing them, those who have their own gardens —
amateurs, for whom we write — find that the old
plan of sinking the plants in shallow pits is about
the best. Trenches are dug about six inches deep,
and three or four inches of manure then dug in, of
which cow-manure is the best. They can be
watered better this way in dry weather, when in
these trenches, and it is so much easier to fill the
earth about them for blanching purposes than
when grown on the level surface. Soapsuds, as
well as salt in moderate doses, is usually a won-
derful special fertilizer for the celery plant.

Late cabbage is often ])lantcd in gardens be-

tween rows of potatoes, where it is an object to-
save space. Some fancy that the cabbage is bet-
ter preserved in this way from the cabbage-fly,
which, they say, prefers the potato ; but on this
point we are not sure. We do not think the cab-
bage does quite as well as when it has the whole
ground to itself; but of course a double crop
could not be expected to be quite so fine.

In the fruit garden there is little to be done at
this season, either in the North or the South, if
our instructions have been from time to time care-
fully attended to. Some like to make new beds
of strawberries in the autumn, and the further we
get south the more is this a necessity, and not a
choice. But we should be careful in getting
young plants in selecting from those which
have healthy green foliage, and not covered by
brown fungus spots. Fungus may or may not be
a cause of disease; one thing is certain, whenever
fungus grows on a plant its vital power soon will
be exhausted if not already.

From the extent to which we find the practice
prevails among amateurs, we may also hint here
that it is very bad practice to pick off the leaves
of grape vines with the idea that the fruit wjll
ripen better therefor. Sometimes there are too
many leaves. The growth is too thick ; one
smothers the other. In this case we may thin out
the shoots, leaves and all, but never the leaves
alone.

In many cases, should the autumn prove dry, it
will be an advantage to water small Iruits if water
be convenient or cheap to hand. Drying off used
to be thought a good thing— but like so many old
notions, we find it has its extravagancies. The
reason why raspberries, blackberries, and such
things often winter kill is not because of late
growths, but that they were half killed by prema-
ture drying.

«•»

COMMUNICATIONS.

CULTIVATION; AS AFFECTING THE
STRAWBERRY.

HY J. H. ROGERS.

In the consideration of the cultivation of the
Strawberry, under this heading, the first recjuisite
is to form a clear conception of what the vegetative

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

205

and reproductive organs are, and wherein their ulti-
mate natural functions differ.

The vegetative organs are known as the root,
the stem and the leaves, serving the purpose of an
individual life to each plant; such a plant after a
while produces a different set of organs, subservient
to a different purpose ; that is, the increase in num-
ber or the continuance of the species — namely,
the flower, fruit and seed, called the organs oi
reproduction.

In the ordinary culture of the Strawberry little or
no attention is given to the inquiry, whether there
is any natural conflict between these two classes of
organs, or if the vegetative will succeed and flour-
ish on the same nutriment applied in the same
proportion to the land as the reproductive organs.

Is it not a fact, almost without exception, the in-
dividual life and the reproductive part of the plant
are blended into onegrand whole, and the cultivator,
blind as it were, forgets to examine the eflfect
manures have on the essential organs of the flower,
stamens and pistils, resting content so long as the
eye is pleased with the appearance of the vegeta-
tive growth.

The importance of close observation in perfect
flowering plants wherein both classes of organs
are or should be in perfection is apparent at once,
yet how much more important is it in pistillates,
where the blossoms are already imperfect, per-
forming their functions of fruitation only by the
aid of pollen from some other plant, and in which
plant growth can be measured only by compari-
son with other perfect flowering plants.

Since vegetative growth is the criterion by which
the individual life of each plant is to be measured,
a proper nutriment is necessary to the health and
vigor of that life ; the reproductive organs would
seem to be somewhat dependent on the life so far
as a suitable nutriment of plant growth is had, yet
in many cases the highest development of the
flower needs nutriment of other kinds.

The experiments of four years on twelve varieties
of perfect flowering plants, under different manures,
where close observation has been had as to the
individual life, and that of the blossom and fruit,
may suggest some thoughts for reflection and ex-
periment.

For convenience the cultivation of the plants is
divided into three classes, based upon the action
of the manures employed upon the growth.

First. Those in which the highest type of vege-
tative, flower and fruit growth would seem to result
from mixed barnyard manures, or commercial
fertilizers poor in potash. The Primo, Triomphe

de Gand, Bidwell and Sharpless are representative
plants herein.

The Primo, named first in the list, makes in poor
soil a vigorous plant-growth, flowers with irregular
stamens, little pollen, fruit small and irregular in
shape ; with good culture a notable increase in the
number of leaves, flower perfect, fruit medium to
large, regular in shape, productive ; high culture,
increased vigor of plant-growth, stamens fewer in
number, many bastard blossoms, tending to double
flowers, berries few in number, very large, irregular.
In this variety high culture would correspond
nearly with good culture as to the Sharpless.

Omitting the Triomphe and Bidwell, we come to
the Sharpless. In poor culture, corresponding
to good culture in Primo, leaves three to five
in number, medium plant vigor, bloom abundant,
stamens imperfect, little pollen, fruit small and
very imperfect ; with good culture, correspondmg
to high culture in the Primo, vigorous to very
vigorous plant growth, stamens abundant — perfect,
pollen plenty, fruit bystematic in shape, medium
to large, prolific. Observe here, that in soil where
the Primo begins to develop a failure as to growth
of stamens and amount of pollen the Sharpless is
at its best in these respects. With high culture,
which may be defined as the point at which the
prepondency of the pollen is at its height. It is at
this point that ^lanchester, or Primo, planted near
to the Sharpless, partakes the most in all respects
of the Sharpless on my soil. The Sharpless as to
plant-growth vigorous to very vigorous, leaves
three to five in number. The reproductive organs
begin to show signs of weakness, the character
and number of stamens variable ; many of the
blossoms have a tendency to become double,
pollen somewhat diminished in quality, some blos-
soms nearly or quite pistillate, fruit large to very
large, inclining to coxcomb. Increase the height
of culture, plant-growth still maintains its healthy
appearance, the stamens disappear, blossoms few
in number, pistillate, fruit will partake of the
characteristics of variety planted near, provided
the species be such that it maintains its perfect
blossoms under this extremely high culture.

The Manchester, on my soil, shows the best
results, so far as fruit blossoms and plant-growth is
to be had, at what may be called high culture in
the Sharpless. This is the culture when the Man-
chester developes the highest characteristics of
any of the perfect flowering varieties that may be
employed as a fertilizer.

Second. Those in which the highest type of
vegetative, flower and fruit-growth would seem to

206

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

LJuiy.

result from the use of potash, in addition to the
manures already named in the first class.

The Miner is a representative plant of this class.
While a good vigorous plant-growth can be
obtained without a liberal supply of potash the
stamens will be imperfect and pollen very scanty ;
the fruit although abundant, small and imperfect.
In soil having potash the blossoms become perfect ;
fruit large to very large, productive. It would
seem to require about the same nutriment as the
Primo to give a good plant-growth.

Seth Boyden, No. 30, is gross and rank in potash.
Its roots will withstand the carbonizing effects of
potash the best of any plant I have ever experi-
mented with. The vegetative organs thrive best
in the same relative nutriment as the Sharpless,
yet to fully develop the productive organs an
addition of potash is required ; use abundance of
potash, and the white tip, so frequent in this variety,
disappears.

With me any great amount of potash in the soil
carbonizes the roots of the Manchester, causing
the plant to die, hence cannot employ any plants
of the second class as fertilizers.

Along the Hudson river the Manchester succeeds
best in soil where the Sharpless is a poor pollen
producer and the Miner is a good one ; in all such
localities the best result in fertilization is had with
plants which on my soil would come under class
second.

The third class includes the Cumberland. In
the use of forty different manures the plant-growth
has been remarkable as a resistant to the evil
effects of so diversified nutriment. The blossoms
remain very constant as to stamen and pistils.
Many of the plants have few blossoms — some
none. On those where an abundant crop is had
the texture of the fruit varies greatly.

Charles Downing is another illustration. The
same general characteristics are observed as to
plant-growth as in the Cumberland, though a
much larger proportion of plants are not fruitful.
Small changes in the component parts of the
manures employed to enrich the land would seem
to b; very preceptible, seen in variation of color
and texture of the fruit.

These two I have ever found very uncertain as
to results and apt to work harm in experimental
beds, planted too close to other varieties.

These results would seem to suggest more care-
ful attention be given to the nutriment of the
Strawberry, and that a closer inspection be had of
the results of such nutriment on the flower and
fruit of the plant. Milbum, N. J.

[This is a very suggestive paper. There is no
doubt some kinds of manure, and some kinds of
treatment, under the general idea of " cultivation,"
will affect the vegetative, at the expense of the
re-productive energies of the plant, and again, the
re-productive will be unduly stimulated. This
fact is very liable to be forgotten when reading
the often contradictory experiences of people with
the same variety. Still, there is the same difficulty
with special fertilizers. There are soils abun-
dantly supplied with potash in which these con-
tradictory experiences occur all the same. A soil
may have all the elements in abundance which
analysis shows the plant to require and yet not do
well, because it requires vital force to make use of
them ; and there are innumerable influences out-
side of mere soils that will often render a plant
unable to make use of the food most desirable
when the life power is in a different mood. — Ed.
G. M.]

GRAPES IN PAPER BAGS.

BY MRS. J. S. R. THOMSON.

I am " only a woman " stumbling often acci-
dentally upon valuable processes ; have been cul-
jtivating fruits, flowers and vegetables for over
twenty years, with my only aid, common sense and
the many valuable magazines and periodicals,
but had never read of paper bags for grapes. I
have about twenty two very fine varieties of grapes,
and each season was defrauded of half my crop
by some insect (bees I guess) invariably piercing
them, which of course induced speedy decay. In
sheer desperation one season, as soon as fully
i grown, I procured about one hundred paper bags,
i mounted my step-ladder and inserted the finest
bunches, sometimes two in a bag when very close
together, and was dehghted with the result ; every
bunch came out in a perfect state both as to taste
and coloring. I had expected that failure would
result, but it was "nip and tuck" either to risk
the bags with chance of some grapes, or an entire
certainty of total destruction by said insect. Is it
bees that do it or what ? My next door neighbor
has twelve hives of bees, also many others ; but
sometimes I thought it might be the excessive
rains that periodically visit us in August just at
the beginning of our ripening time. I cannot
ever get a bunch after September although bushels
and bushels are on my vines each year, on account
of the hole punctured by said insect; and would
be so pleased to hear of some way to keep them
longer. It would be a herculean task to me to bag

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

207

my whole arbor, but I intend this year to have
some fine specimens. I have eight to ten vines,
young ones, of Delaware and Concord that I am
taking especial pains in pinching in and have
been plucking the leaves also, thinking sunshine
an essential ; but will desist now and note result.
I insert a bunch in a small bag and then give it a
vigorous twist at top and it remains there secure
until removed.

[We have paid close attention to the bee ques-
tion, and have no more doubt that the destruction
is wholly the work of the bees than that we are
writing this. The only remedy we know is to
trap the bees and destroy them. This can be
easily done. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Cultivating Orchards. — A correspondent
sends us the following from California, as reported
of a speaker at a late meeting of the State Horti-
cultural Society ; and remarks that it coincides
with what the Gardeners' Monthly has always
taught about the proper arrangement of orchards:

" Mr. Aiken : A neighbor of mine has an apple
orchard that he has cultivated for more than ten
years. It hasn't borne anything this year. But a
near neighbor has an orchard that has not been
cultivated for ten years — never been taken care of
whatever — and they are very near together, and
the orchard that has never been taken care of or
plowed has a large crop of healthy, fine apples.
The man who had cultivated his orchard so taste-
fully and carefully said to me : ' It is a question of
doubt whether it pays to take so much care of an
orchard. Where I ought to have a thousand
boxes, I haven't a hatful.' "

To some extent it does coincide. We have to
be, however, careful of assuming too much in
these cases. Sometimes there are other elements
at work besides mere grass or mere clean surface.
Where there is plenty of food for both grass and
for the trees, and all other things equal, the grass-
clothed orchard will always be the best.

Artificial M.\nures. — Notwithstanding the
analyses of chemists, in regard to the perfection of
chemical manures, and the fact which they so
easily demonstrate that the greater part of stable
manure is nothing but water and other material
of no possible value and costing immense labor to
handle, it is remarkable that the demand for
stable manure is greater than ever. People find
it best in spite of chemistry.

Peach Yellows. — There sgems to be some mix-
ture of ideas in the minds of some who have given

thought to this subject. A well known fruit grower
of great experience recently spoke vehemently
against the idea that fungus in the earth was the
cause of the peach yellows. Later in the conven-
tion some one asked how long it would be safe for
one to leave the ground in which a yellowed peach
stood before planting another, and the speaker re-
plied, "about one hundred years." This would
seem to imply that in spite of his argument against
root fungus, he thought the trouble was in the
ground somewhere. If not root fungus, one can
conceive of no reason why a new peach tree
should not be planted at once where the other one
grew. Mr. Gully, of South Haven, Mich., writes
to Purdy's Fruit Recorder that there are plenty of
trees from one to six years old near there growing
in spots where trees with the yellows had been
taken out. Indeed, the digging up of earth and
exposing it to the atmosphere is often sufficient to
destroy the fungus. Some years ago Mr. Alfred
Cope, of Germantown, had a white pine tree badly
infected with the yellows. It was a fine tree near
the entrance gate, and which he was reluctant to
lose. He took out with fork and spade as much
of the earth as possible, as if he were going to
transplant the tree, and then filled in the whole
with fresh earth, and the result was that the tree
wholly recovered. In the cases of pines and
spruces the diseased plants are found to have the
growing fibres covered with the silky or cobwebby
spawn of the fungus, just as they are in the early
stages of the peach tree yellows.

Fire Blight in the Pear.— Reading a new
work recently in which horticultural knowledge is
professedly brought down to the present time, we
find " pear blight " referred to in precisely the
same language and terms as would have been in
order over a quarter of a century ago. A dozen
different diseases are all confounded as " pear
blight," and it is quite evident that the great trou-
ble " Fire Blight " was not at all understood by the
author. The idea that fire blight is contagious or
even infectious, is surely thoroughly exploded ; and
the advice to drop all other important work at
once, and go to work at any cost to cut away and
burn the " infected " tops, seems very strange at
this late date.

We really believe that a number of our good
friends among the professors of horticulture in
schools and colleges, to judge by some of their
professional work, are a long way behind the age,
and a good course of reading through the horti-
cultural publications of the past twenty-five years,

2o8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

before putting their fancied discoveries into print,
would be of great service to them.

Fruits to Eat or Fruits to Sell. — The
Farmer's Home Journal referring to our recent
note on new fruits, makes the following good point
in addition :

"To please the eye, is the aim of the fruit
seller, and it is no longer an object to consider the
quality and taste. Hence only those sorts are
grown that will meet these requirements, and
nurserymen have a demand for such trees and
plants and vines as will produce fruit that suit the
demand in the market. Fruit-growers and nur-
serymen thus co-operate in supplying such as will
compete with transported fruits, and which will
themselves bear safe transportation hundreds of
miles to other markets. Thus quality is sacrificed
to these commercial requirements. The amateur
fruit-grower gives up his interest in fruit culture
and drops out of competition with the market gar-
dener. Horticultural societies fall under the con-,
trol of professional fruit growers and nurserymen.
Horticultural literature and essays all concentrate
on the business aspects of the question and the
old time enthusiasm for fruit culture for the love
of it and for the glory of its honors has become a
thing of the past."

To Clean Mealy Bugs from Hot-house
Grapes. — Hot-house grapes often annoy the
grower by having mealy bug on the stems in
among the berries. A correspondent of the Gar-
dening World tells the reader that he places the
bunches under a strong hydrant, the force of the
water being turned down the centre of course,
and then rapidly dries the bunch ; no injury to the
flavor or appearance of the bunch results.

Classification of Apples. — Dr. Hogg, an
eminent English pomologist regards the best char-
acters for a classification of apples to lie in the
depression or caly.x basin, and the carpellary
walls of the fruit — that is to say, the horny walls
that enclose the seed in the core. The little tube
at the base of the caly.\ basin, affords also good
characters for distinguishing varieties he believes.
Some of these tubes are mere semi-circular de-
pressions, while others are long, slender and
thread-like. The shining, horny walls about the
seeds arc sometimes almost circular. At other
times very narrow in proportion to length.

The Pear as a Family Fruit.— Whatever
may be said of the pear as a profitable or unpro.
fitablc fruit for market, there is no doubt that it is
one of the most reliable of all for family use. No
tree takes care of itself so well. No class of fruits
bear so regularly as the pear. This is the uni-
versal experience, and from time to time our
exchanges furnish remarkable evidences of the

truth of this. A recent issue of a Macon, Georgia,
paper says:

" There is a pear tree in Montgomery County
87 years old, which has not failed to bear a crop
of fruit in over 80 years. The tree was set out by
Stafford Davis in 1798. The fruit resembles the
sand pear in shape and flavor. The tree is six
feet in circumference."

Clapp's Favorite Pear in Europe. — Our
seedling pears and apples do not seem to become
very popular in the old world, but Clapp's
Favorite is fairly swimming along on the French
popular tide. It is said to be there "a good,
beautiful and excellent fruit," and they are
actually talking of replacing the Bartlett (Williams'
Bon Chretien) with it. The perfume of the Bart-
lett, which we think so agreeable, is offensive to
the French.

The Most Popular English Apple. — For
general popularity Lord Suffield is the most popu-
lar, followed closely, however, by the old favorite
Ribstin Pippin. As a dessert apple alone, this has
lost its old position on the top of the list, Cox's
Orange Pippin now taking the lead. American
varieties seem unknown in England.

Large Pears. — .4t a pomological exhibition
{apple show, they call it in the Old World) at
Exeter, in England, a report says that in class
twenty-five, six dishes, five fruits each. Sir T. D,
Acland, Bart., was first, the sorts being Doy-
enne du Comice, weighing 5 lbs. 2 ozs.; Pitmaston
Duchess, 6 lbs. 10 ozs., the two heaviest being i lb.
9 ozs. each. Both these sorts were, Mr. Garland
said, from pyramid trees. The collection also
contained Easter Beurre, Glout Morceau, and
Winter Nelis, one of the latter weighing 10 ozs.

Wilson Junior, Blackberry. — Mr. Parry in
1870, selected plants of Dorchester and Wilson
Early, and planted them together, far away from
any other to mix with, trusting that the pollen of
one kind might perhaps intermix with the other.
In 1875, he selected some of the best Wilson berries
for seed. After watching the fruiting seedlings for
four years the largest and best was selected, and
this is Wilson Junior. One acre of plants yielded
in 1884, 1 10;,^ bushels of fruit. Mr. Parry is now
trying actual cross-fertilization, by cutting out
stamens with a scissors before they mature, and
using pollen from other kinds with a camel hair
brush, and has numerous seedling plants raised in
this way.

The Regeneration of the Potato. — Our
European friends sjem much exercised over the
question of crossing the potato with some of the

c885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

209

wild kinds found in Arizona, Mexico, and South
America. But it strikes us that the good old
potato is a long way yet from destruction. Some
of the newer varieties are as good as any one at
any time, and the crops raised are as heavy now
as they have ever been in all potato history.

Product of a Single Potato. — The amazing
reproductive capacity of some insects is more
than equalled in the vegetable world. The seeds
in a single orchid capsule are capable of making
-millions of plants. The spores from a single
Puff-ball might give Puff-balls to every square mile
in the whole United States. Nature provides
checks to the enormous increase which such
plants are capable of. Man, however, can control

the elements in some measure, and when he tries
his hand at the removal of the obstructions, we
see what plants can do. At a recent meeting of
the Summit Co. (Ohio) Horticultural Society,
during the discussion, Aaron Teeple told how
Chas. C. Miller, of Akron, raised ifiyy^ pounds
of the Dakota Red potato last year from a single
pound of seed. The tubers were put under glass
and several crops of sprouts taken. These were
carefully transplanted, and when well established
they were set out in the open air.

j Tomatoes in Turkey. — The Tomato is being
introduced into Turkish gardens, where it goes as
the Red Egg plant. Everything American is

' respected in that country.

Forestry.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Forest Fires. — The New York Commercial
Bulletin, in presenting its usual monthly record
of losses by fire, makes the following pertinent
comment : " The fires keep up their ravages in a
way that should compel attention of an antago-
nistic sort. It may be all very well to endure
what cannot be cured. But this is not that kind of '■
misery, since its cure is discoverable and appli- [
■cable. And as long as carelessness almost crimi-
nal, and design, which actually is criminal, are
allowed their own way in producing this enormous
and increasing waste of national wealth, the evil
will have to be endured, simply because there is
no adequate attempt to cure it. Fires were bad
enough throughout 18S4, but 1885 is pretty cer- 1
tain to show something worse. April's fire record, j
as we estimate its results, will add $7,750,000 to
the aggregate of the preceding three months, thus 1
making $35,250,000 the amount of destruction by
fire in the United States and Canada since Janu-
ary I, or at the rate of $105,750,000 for the year if
it is not checked. Our own files for April have
contained record of 196 fires where the reported
loss was from $10,000 upwards."

It is all very well to blame carelessness and de-
sign for starting forest fires, but the contributory
neghgence that permits piles of dead brush to he
around loose waiting for carelessness or design to

come along and fire the material, is surely as
culpable.

Educated Foresters. — In America we some-
times ask, what shall we do with our girls ? Sir
John Lubbock says in England the question is,
What shall I do with my son ? He answers the
question, that they should learn a little about
forestry, and then become Government Forest
Commissioners at $4,000 a year.

Drainage for Trees. — The necessity for good
drainage for trees as well as for flowers is well
illustrated by Cahfornian experience. In many
places the soft surface soil is only about a foot
deep. Then there is "hard pan" about 14 or 15
feet, then gravel. If a hole for a tree is made two
feet deep, the tree may as well stand in a bucket
of water. Such trees die or get sick. But when a
hole four inches wide is bored through the hard
pan under the trees to the gravel, the trees thrive
amazingly. They grow like magic.

Forest Fires. — Slowly the public mind is
awakening to the fact which we have long en-
deavored to impress, that the true remedy against
forest fires is to proceed against those who leave
dead underbrush lying loose around. The Amer-
ican Architect now says :

" Against animated incendiaries a forest patrol
might be tolerably effective, but it would be still
more useful to provide in some way for the
removal of underbrush from woodland. Trees by

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

IJuiy.

themselves are not easily kindled, and the mis-
chief is usually done through the ignition of dry
leaves, ferns or bushes, which burn long enough
to char, and at last to kindle, the branches of the
trees above them."

The only atempt to overrule this point that we
have seen is in a learned " Forestry essay." The
author says " to ask the Legislature to insist that
the owner of a ten or twenty thousand acre timber
lot clear out all his dead underbrush would be
the height of absurdity." Of course it would, but
who asks to have this done ? What we would in-
sist on is that the owner of such a tract should be
compelled to clear out a quarter of a mile in from
the boundary of his neighbor's property. No
matter how much might burn, he should be pre-
vented from permitting it to spread to his
neighbor.

A One-leaved Yellow Locust. — The Revue
Horticole says that a variety has been raised in
France, which, instead of being pinnate, and com-
posed of numerous leaflets, as in the normal form,
has an undivided leaf — all of one single leaf-blade.
It must have a very unique appearance.

Growth of Timber in Rocky Land. — People
often have an idea that rocky ground is poor
ground. On the contrary, it is very rich from the
vegetable accumulations which get between the
crevices and cannot be washed away. Prof.
Maynard recently told the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society, that probably all present could
recall instances where the native white pine, the
Austrian and Scotch pines, the Norway spruce,
the larch, the elm, maple, ash and other trees have
been planted in turf and have made a satisfactory,
and in some cases a remarkable, growth. One or
two examples will suffice to illustrate this point.
Upon a poor, gravelly hillside on the college farm
at Amherst, where nothing but brambles and
white birches would grow, were planted ten years
ago a lot of European larches and Scotch pine
trees, about two and a half feet high. The trees
were taken from a nursery about half a mile dis-
tant, one squad of students digging them while
another squad were planting. The holes were
dug about fifteen inches in depth and eighteen
inches in diameter, and after planting the trees the
soil on the upper side of the hole was moved to
the lower side to form a basin to catch the water
as it ran down the slope. Nothing was applied in
the way of additional fertilizing material, but the
surface soil was used first about the roots, and
the subsoil spread upon the top. Excepting about

a dozen trees, all lived, and after about two years
began to grow rapidly. One of the larches was
cut from this lot last fall for a flagstaff for the
barn at the experimental station, and was thirty
feet long, seven inches in diameter at the base,
and two and a half inches at the top. Many of
the larch trees are larger than this, and will aver-
age about thirty-eight feet high, and six inches at
the base. The Scotch pines planted at the same
time and on the same soil have not reached as
great height, but are of greater diameter and
have made more branches. Had a mulch been
used after planting, or a little bone or some other
special fertilizer been added, the growth would
have been much more rapid the first two years,
and they would now be larger, as is shown by a
few trees from the same lot that were planted in
equally poor soil, but were mulched and have had
a few shovelfuls of compost put around them at
different times. One of these larches now meas-
ures eleven inches in diameter at the base, and is
forty feet high, and there might be cut from it
three lengths for posts — one large stick eight feet
long, that can be sawn so as to make two posts
five and a half inches thick at the base and three
and a half inches at the top ; one round post seven
inches thick at the base and five inches at the
top ; and one good vineyard post, the whole
worth at least fifty cents per tree. Reckoning the
value of each tree at one-half the above, and
estimating a thousand trees to the acre, we have
a value of $^y:> per acre.

Spanish Moss. — This well-known product of
the Southern forest is used to stuff mattresses, and
is an extensive article of commerce in this trade.
The pulp used to be taken off by rotting. Now a
process is in use by which it is ready for market in
twenty-four hours. It is then jet black, resembling
horse hair. Botanically it belongs to the pineapple
family, and is Tillandsia usneoides.

Succession of Forest Growths. — One of the
most interesting studies connected with forestry is
the succession of forest growths. It is a common
observation that when a forest disappears it is
generally replaced by one of a different species.
Close observers, however, note that there is a great
regularity in the sequence — so great, indeed, as to
take the events out of the channel of a mere
struggle for life, and to place them in the great
chain of foreknowledge and design, which is now
becoming more and more perceptible to the
scientific mind. There is a struggle for life in
which the weaker is displaced ; but the conqueror

I88S.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

could never have conquered, or have maintained
the conqueror's hold, but for his victim having had
a footing before him In the Rocky Mountains
of Colorado, the first tree to take possession of the
rocky heights is the aspen poplar. No other tree
attempts possession of the sterile soil. No sooner,
however, does it spread over the vifide acres, than
the twisted pine (Pinus contorta) rushes in, con-
tests the ground, and finally conquers. No sooner
does it claim the ground for itself than various
species of fir appear ; and before the cycle closes
we have forests of fir only where once nothing but 1
aspen clothed the ground. The subject is still
more interesting in those parts of the world where
deciduous trees prevail, because of their greater

number and variety of species. Hansen has re-
cently contributed to L Exploration, a paper on
succession in Danish forests. There, as in our
Rockies, the aspen first stakes its claim on land no
other tree cares to occupy. It scarcely begins to
flourish, however, before the birch envies it the
possession, and drives it out. If the oak then has
a chance, it will drive out the birch. The beech
then follows, and challenges the oak, which has
finally to succumb. The beech, indeed, is "the
terrible child " of these Northern forests. It wil\
not begin any warfare with the barren rocks for
subsistence ; but it contests the ground won by
other species, and beats the original owners every
time. — Independent.

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FRAGRANCE.
BY A. W. HARRISON.

Among all the harmonies of nature, those which
afford the most universal delight, which are appre-
ciated and enjoyed by the most lowly as well as
the most refined, are the accords of fragrance,
the harmonies of sweet odors. That these har-
monies are governed by laws as fixed and beauti-
ful as those that rule the play of colors in the
prism, or the vibrations of sound and the musical
scale, is a thought that suggests itself to the
inquiring mind. Yet while the latter have been
the subject of profound study for ages, and have
engaged the earnest thought and experiment of
the artist and the man of science, but little has
been done to discover the principles and from
them to deduce the laws which govern the actions
and the relations of those intangible, ethereal
odors that affect, pleasurably or offensively, the
olfactory nerve ; that fill the air we breathe ; that
give their peculiar savor to the fruits, the viands,
the beverages we consume ; that form an ever
present feature of our daily life.

Pertumes are derived from a great variety of
sources, which were arranged by Mr. Eugene
Rimmel, of London, many years since in groups
of ten different kinds in the vegetable world , and

one in the animal kingdom, which I will briefly
enumerate :

1st. Leaves of flowers, as Rose, Violet, Jessa-
mine, Orange Flower, and many a score beside.

2d. Herbs, as Lavender, Rosemary, Thyme,
Sweet Marjoram, Peppermint and others.

3d. Leaves of trees and plants, such as the
Lemon Verbena, Citronella, Ginger-grass, and the
Bitter Orange tree, whose green leaf yields the oil of
Petit-Grain, a useful constituent of Cologne water.

4th. The skin of fruits like the Lemon, Orange
Bergamot, Limette and Cedrat.

5th. Spices, as Cinnamon, Cloves, Mace, Nut-
meg and Pimento.

6th. Woods such as Sandalwood, Cedar, Rose-
wood and Rhodium, and the bark of roots, as
Sassafras and Sarsaparilla.

7th. Roots, as Orris-root and Vitivert.

8th. Seeds, as Aniseed, Carroway and Celery.

9th. Resins and gums, as Balsam of Peru and
Tolu, Myrrh, Benzoin, Styrax, Camphor and other
gums.

loth. Fruits and nuts, as Vanilla, Bitter Almonds,
and Tonquin Beans.

The chief animal perfumes are Musk, Civet and
Ambergris.

The Orange tree furnishes four different per-
fumes, all highly fragrant: first, the oil of Neroli^
or Orange Flower, distilled from the petal of the

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

Orange blossom ; then Orange Flower water, next
the oil of Petit Grain, from the green leaf of the tree,
and last, the oil of Orange, expressed from the
peel of the ripened fruit. These are all indis-
pensable for the production of the finest quality of
Cologne water.

The three elements of floral beauty are color,
form and fragrance. The flower which combines
these elements in the highest degree is the Rose,
which has been regarded, from all time, as the
type of all that was most delightful to the smell
and most charming to the eye. Its perfume com-
bines, in various and harmonious proportions,
with a greater variety and numbers of odors than
any other elementary fragrance, and may, perhaps,
prove to be the key-note of the future gamut of
odors.

Next in value is the Orange Flower. Its scent is
powerful, pervasive, and universally pleasing to
to the cultivated sense. It may fitly represent the
fifth or dominant of the scale.

For the third, or mediant, we might select the
Vanilla, and so on to the formation of the perfect
scale.

As yet, however, science has thrown but little
light upon this theme, and we must be content
with mere conjectures which, if time shall prove
them unsound, may yet serve as guide-posts on
the true road to a knowledge of what is now only
an interesting, mysterious and perplexing problem.

In the domain of sounds there are some discords
so harsh as to shock even the dullest ear. So, in
the realm of odors, we sometimes experience
sensations of displeasure and disgust that cause
even the bluntest nature to revolt against them.
All these arise from violations of the great law of
harmony, which governs the universe and rules
the spheres.

On the other hand, a combination, in true ac-
cord, of pure, sweet sounds, a harmonious blending
of the rich, fresh odors of the living world in
garden, orchard and in grove, bring never-failing
delight to the highest organs of our being ; they
soothe and refresh the wearied body and the ex.
hausted mind ; they bring happiness to the humble,
and the most refined pleasure to the man of culture
and the votary of art.

.'\s I shall treat this subject mainly in the light
of practice, and in its relations to commerce
and the arts, I will not dwell longer upon
this train of thought save to suggest the lesson
which as horticulturists and florists, we may
learn from an honest study of the odors of flowers,
and to point out some interesting facts which have

resulted from chemical research into the odors of
plants.

In the preparation of hand bouquets, baskets,
table designs and every form of floral grouping,
while great attention is paid to the pleasing con-
trast of color and form, the graceful disposition of
leaflet and flower, the well-proportioned outline,
and the artistic ensemble, there would seem to be
a comparative neglect, perhaps an absolute ig-
norance, of those principles which govern the
harmonies of odors, and of that use of the means
at our command, which shall complete and crown
the enjoyment properly afforded by these charming
combinations of Flora's offspring.

."Vt times the most discordant elements are intro-
duced ; flowers yielding a perfume pleasing in
itself, and combining happily with others of the
same type and family, are placed beside those of
a widely different and opposing nature ; a harsh
contrast ensues, and the result is displeasing to
the cultivated sense. Let us study this feature
more carefully and let not the true intent of the
nosegay, to refresh and to delight the sense of
smell, be lost sight of; but let fragrance of the
highest type, whether simple or composite, be a
distinctive, if not a leading feature in these
beauteous decorations of our homes, and in the
adornment of our festive scenes.

I have spoken of the Rose as the highest type
of fragrance. There are several other odors,
mostly quite different from each other in character,
which combine harmoniously with the Otto or
essential oil of the Rose, and in any desired pro-
portion ; such are the odors of Sandalwood,
Patchouly, Turkish Geranium, Vitivert, the Rose
Geranium of our garden, Rhode-wood, Sweet
Brier and some others. The Orange Flower, too,
has its kinsmen in the Lilac, Magnolia, Seringa,
Daphne, Hawthorne, and many more that will
suggest themselves to the experienced lover of
flowers.

Of a different class, but nearly related in
fragrance, are the Lemon Verbena, the Citronella,
Lemon-grass, and the fruits Lemon, Orange,
Bergamot, Cedrat and Limette.

In a recently issued book, entitled "Among the
Spanish People," the author tells us that the Lemon
Verbena is collected and stored for winter use. It
is said to form one of the finest stomachics and
cordials, and is either made into a decoction and
drank cold with water and sugar, as a tonic, or
with the morning and evening cup of tea. A
sprig of five or six leaves of it is first put into the
cup, and the hot tea poured over it. By using

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

213

this, it is said, " you will never suffer from flatu-
lence, never be made nervous or old-maidish,
never have cholera, summer complaint, or loss of
appetite. Besides, the flavor is simply delicious ;
no one who has once had his Pekoe with it, will
ever again drink it without a sprig of Lemon
Verbena."

Again the distinctive odor of the Vanilla Bean
suggests itself in the Heliotrope, Gum Benzoin
and Tonquin Bean ; the latter, of very inferior
quality, is largely used to adulterate and cheapen
the extracts of Vanilla, so largely used in the
household, and by cake-bakers and confectioners.
The flavoring principle of the Vanilla Bean is
called vanilline ; in the best quality it is often
seen in minute frost-like crystals on the surface of
the bean, giving rise, in French, to the name
" Vanille givrt'e," or Frosted Vanilla, and such
beans command the highest price.

The Tonka Bean contains another odorate
principle called Coumarin, which is also the domi-
nant odor in our Sweet Clover and Vernal Grass,
and plays a leading part in the composition of the
perfume called New Mown Hay.

I have said that the laws which govern the re-
lations and combinations of odors are as yet
undeveloped ; yet, in the practice of the art of per-
fumery, some truly delightful harmonies have
been produced, the result of a naturally keen and
delicate sense of smell, refined by long culture
and intelligent devotion to the art.

As the musical composer with only seven simple
tones and their five semi-tones for his materials
brings forth the grandest combinations of choral
harmony, and as the painter, with a few simple,
primary pigments, embodies his highest concep-
tions of beauty on the painted canvas, so does the
perfumer, with a few simple, elementary odors, ar-
ranged and combined in accordance with a law of
beauty unwritten, yet deeply felt, produce an end-
less and ever varying round of fragrant harmonies.
To him the simple, sweet-rcented flower is only a
vehicle for the communication of odors to the
nostril and the brain. By means of the olfactory
nerve he analyzes it, as the composer with voice
and ear, analyzes a musical score, or the chemist a
mineral compound. Like them, too, he composes
and combines ; and from out his copper still, and
the alembic of his brain, there come forth com-
pounds of beauty that seem due to an almost
creative power, so wonderfully fragrant, so strik-
ingly resembling the flower they counterfeit

To him the apparently simple odor of the Helio-
trope resolves itself into the elementary odors of

the Rose, Jessamine, Orange Flower, Vanilla Bean,
Orris-root, Balsam of Peru, Clove, Cinnamon and
Bitter Almond; by a skilful combination of these
odors in their due proportion, the fragrance of the
flower is imitated to perfection.

In like manner the sweet and delicate scent of
the Mignonette (a French name for My Little
Darling) suggests the perfumes of the Sicily
Orange peel, Acacia, Tuberose, Jessamine, Violet,
Vanilla, Gum Storax and Orris Root.

In this way the perfumer with his pallet (if I
may use the phrase) of simple, elementary odors,
reproduces all the fragrant combinations of the
world of flowers, and adds to them other harmonies,
purely ideal, which " like a thing of beauty are a
joy forever."

Much interest was excited, some thirty years
ago, by the lectures given before the Royal Horti-
cultural Society of London, by Mr. Eugene
Rimmel and Dr. Septimus Piesse, on the materials
and processes of the perfumer's art, illustrated by
the plants producing them, the apparatus employed
and the method adopted for obtaining and refining
their essential principles or elementary odors.

The animal world, too, was represented in the
curious, powerfully-scented tumor of the Musk
Deer, the resinous exudation of the Civet Cat,
and the granular hemorrhoid of the Sperm Whale,
known as Ambergris.

But the chief interest of these lectures was in
their descriptions of the flower farms of Southern
France, which are the principal sources of supply
of the finer odors used in the perfumer's art
throughout the world.

I visited the prominent seats of these manufac-
tures and made careful examination of the leading
establishments, and will now give you the chief
results of my inquiries and observations in 1853.
At that time I was an entire novice in horticulture
and was interested only in a commercial way in

THE FLOWER FARMS OF FRANCE.

The growing of plants and flowers for use in
perfumery, medicine and culinary art, is a most
important branch of horticultural industry in that
part of France bordering upon the Gulf of Lyons
and the Mediteranean Sea, and especially in the
southern portions of the Departments of Var and
Nice. There are extensive establishments in
Nismes, Montpelier, Morbihan, Nice and some
then just founded across the sea in Algeria.

But the great centre of this branch of industry is
the town of Grasse, about 75 miles E. N. E. of
Marseilles, a few miles inland, its seaport Cannes,

214

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

the former winter residence of the late Lord
Brougham, and its neighboring seaport, Nice.
There are over 70 factories in Grasse — which is a
flourishing town of over 12,000 inhabitants — and
they give employment in the various departments
of field and in-door labor to fully 5,000 persons.
In Cannes and Nice there 30 more factories of
the same class.

Many manufacturers grow their own plants and
flowers, others buy them daily in the market, and
still others are supplied by contract. The latter
system prevails among the best houses. Con-
tracts are made at a fixed price for a term of
years, for the total product of a farm. The aver-
age price, stated in American currency and
weight, was about as follows per pound —

Rose leaves 4 to .Scents.

Je^-samine leaves 20 to 25 "

Orance Flower leaves 2.5 "

Acacia buds 30 to 40 "

Tuberose leaves 50 "

Violet leaves 40toU0 "

The latter are grown in the shade of groves
near Nice.

These are the principal garden flowers used in
Grasse. A great breadth of land is devoted to
Lavender, Rosemary, Thyme, Sweet Marjoram,
Cherry Laurel, Sage, Balm, and other medicinal
and cuhnary plants, which are sold at much lower
rates than the products of the flowers above-named.
The preparations from all these plants and flowers
divide themselves into four classes ; Essential
Oils, Distilled Waters, Floral Pomades and Oils,
and Dried Leaves and Flowers.

(To be coucluded.) *

COMMON NAMES OF PLANTS.
BY R. THOMSON, JR.

I was induced to refresh my botanical (local)

lore by reading the query to our good Editor, to

see if I could help him out, but I failed in every

instance but one; yet I came across so many

names just as ridiculous that 1 offer them for what

they are worth, i. e. nothing, only as a probable

guide to some in making out orders:

Botanical Name. Local Name.

Aletris farinosa Colic Root

Asclepias tviberosa Pleurisy Root

Calncliortus clegaus liutterliy Tulip

Clielonc Klabra Snake llead

Claytonia Virginica Spring Beauty

Coptis trifolia Uolil Thread

Dicentra ('anadensis Sfiuirrel's Corn

cucullaria Dutchman's Breeches

Esfpiisetum arvense Coninnni Horse Tail

Hypoxia crecta Star Grass

Liatris spicata Spikeil Blazing Star

Miniulus ringens >ionkey Flowc'r

Miti-hella rcpcns Partridge Berry

Nardosniia palni.-ita Sweet Colt's Foot

Bcutcllaria galcritnilata Skull Cap

" latcritlora Mad iJogs

Andromeda Mariana Stagger Bush

K.-ihuia angustifolia Sheep's Laurel

Kalmia l.atifolia Calico Bush

Lindera Benzoin Spic-e Busli

Aristolochia Sipho Dutchman's Pipe

Sarracenia purpurea Huntsman's Cap

Saururus cernuus Lizard's Tail

Symplocarpus foetidus Skunk Cabbage

Spartanburg, S. C.

[The names here given are not merely local,
but are accepted common names ; yet even here
there may be trouble, for Aletris farinosa is called
Star Grass as well as Hypoxis stellata, and the
poor florist would not know which of the two to
send if he should get a Star Grass order. .

We should be very glad if our correspondents
would from time to time contribute notes on local
names of plants, for common names are very de-
sirable when they really are common. No one
would want to talk of their beds of Viola tricolor
when they had the Pansy in mind, nor of Dianthus
barbatus in a chat on the Sweet William. It is
the utter recklessness with which anybody or
everybody has lately claimed the right to start
a name of their own as a common name long be-
fore it is common or even local, to the utter confu-
sion of everybody, that is condemnable. As in
ancient Babel, nobody knows what the other is
talking of. If by common acceptance names are
widely known locally, we shall indeed be very
glad to have notes of them. We do not want a
name sent to us because Mr. this or Mrs. that calls
it so.— Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Selaginella involvens variegata. — The
cause of variegation or the green parts of plants
blanching is not clearly made out. When it comes
to a question of a plant growing in darkness, we
say in explanation it is for want of light, that light
gives the delightful green color to vegetation.
But this explains nothing. When we see plants
growing in full light, with part green and part as
colorless as if growing in darkness, we can under-
stand that it is not darkness in itself that blanches
vegetation, but something that accompanies dark-
ness, and which can and docs exist at times even
when light abounds.

And it is further worthy of remark that white
variegation is found more frequently among the
flowering plants than among ferns and lycopo-
diums, and we may infer from this that whatever
may be the cause of the absence of the green col-
oring matter, that cause is less operative among
the lower than the higher classes of plants.

It is by obvervations such as these that some
one some day may render good service to intel-

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

215

lectual pursuits by developing the whole method
by which nature is enabled to give us so many
beautiful things in this line.

Wm. Bull, who furnishes us with the following
facts connected with its history :

" A dwarf dense-growing variegated form of

Aside from such thoughts which this variegated greenhouse club-moss, introduced from Japan ;
lycopodium suggests, it is a plant of very great some of the branchlets, instead of having the or-
beauty. It was brought to our attention by Mr. dinary green color, are creamy white, and these

2l6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

being mixed in freely with the green branchlets,
produce an elegant variegation, similar to that
which occurs in some of the finely-branched coni-
ferous plants, such as the retinosporas. The
plant forms a pretty dwarf tuft, consisted of an
overlapping series of flabellate or dichotomously-
forked branches, surrounding the central axis. A
well-grown specimen is a very pleasing object
amongst the dwarfer hardier forms of the club-
moss family." This was one of the twelve new
plants with which Mr. W. B. gained the First
Prize at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibi-
tions, in 1880, 1881 and 1882.

Honey Dew. — A very interesting fact has re-
cently been developed in connection with the
production of the sweet secretion known as honey-
dew, on the leaves of plants. That leaves are
often coated with this substance through the
excretions of aphides is well known. A large num-
ber of observers write of honey-dew as wholly the
product of these insects. Another portion contend
that it certainly does occur frequently where these
insects are not present ; and hence we read that
" honey-dew is often a secretion from the foliage
of plants." No doubt this is the case sometimes.
There are cases on record that would seem to
admit of no other explanation. But it is now
found that sweet secretions are emitted from scale
insects in such great profusion as to cover pave-
ments with the drip from them, in a single night.
Professor Cook gives a detailed account of some
of this work of the scale, and its connection with
bee culture, in Science for January 23d. One case
of honey-dew noticed on camellias, where certainly
aphides were not present, is often referred to in
scientific treatises, to show that it is a leaf secretion;
but these plants are a favorite with species of coccus,
and it is not at all impossible that, not suspecting
the agency of these insects, they were overlooked
when the aphides were found to be absent. The
fact now stated will lead to an opening of the whole
honey-dew question again. — Independent.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Origin of the Na.me Gooiier for the Pea
Nut. — Dr. C. W. Greene says: " Monteiro, in
his work on ' Angola,' tells us that the natives of
that part ot Africa give to the common pea nut
the names 'ginguba' and ' mpinda.' The simi-
larity of these names to the American names of
the same plant ('goober ' and ' pindar,' otherwise
' pindal ' or 'pienda') is very obvious. Which

forms are original, the African or the American ?
.A. correct answer might help us in determining
the native habitat of the plant."

Bud Variation.—" H. B. H.," Oakland, Cal.,
writes ; " Your answers to co-respondents are
very interesting indeed to us, and we find our own
experience described very often exactly in them.
In your May number you quote as authority Mr.
Darwin in reference to cross fertilization. We are
frequently much perplexed in this matter and
must admit that we often find evidences of mixed
or blended colors in cuttings or slips raised from
old plants. I have reference to carnations.
I have in my mind now several instances, more
particularly in buffs and yellows. Is it a fact
confirmed by the experience of carnation growers
that, ' plants propagated from cuttings, slips or in
any way other than from seed, retain the individu-
ality of the parent plant ;' or do they not some-
times show other colors than those of the parent
plant? With all due respect to Mr. Darwin's au-
thority I should be very much pleased to hear from
the growers themselves — who have occasion to
notice these things practically — and, as your valu-
able journal shows in each and every number,
they are willing to give the world the benefit of
their experience."

[Mr. Darwin, in common with most scientific
men, had to " live and learn." He collected all
the facts that were known in his time, and, if we
know more now, that in a great measure comes
from the spirit of investigation which in a great
measure his good work excited. As to the cause
of variation Mr. Darwin never, that we know, un-
dertook to explain. But the fact of variation being
assumed and which no one can deny, he showed
how what we call species came into existence —
chiefly by the dropping out of intermediate forms,
which then became " missing links." His postu-
late that " plants propagated from cuttings retain
the individuality of the parent plant," is not so
strong now as it was in Darwin's time. What is
now known as bud variation is found to be much
more common than it was once thought to be.
Still, as compared with variation from seed it may
still be accepted as a general truth, that plants re-
tain their individuality from cuttings, though we
admit many exceptions. — Ed. G. M.]

Fruiting of the Salisburia at Lewisburg,
Pa. — Prof. Geo. G. Groff sends us specimens of
fruit from a tree at Lewisburg. He has never
seen aments on it. Another tree about 100 yards
away bears aments, but he has never seen fruit on

I88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

217

it. These trees therefore, seem to be direcious, as
the books on conifera: describe the species to be.
It still leaves the cases of isolated trees bearing
fruit in doubt. Does the plant really have male
and female blossoms on the one tree sometimes ?
Or is the pollen wafted from long distances as
pine tree pollen often is ?

The Hollyhock Disease. — J. C. Arthur, New
York Agric. Exper. Station. Geneva, N. Y., says :
•'There is no record of the hollyhock disease
caused by Puccinia Malvacearum occurring upon

any cultivated plant in America, and is only re-
ported upon wild plants in Kansas and California.
The latter, moreover, may prove upon further
observation to be distinct from the European
species. It is a matter of interest, therefore, as to
what fungus is referred to in the June number of
the Monthly as being very destructive to holly-
hocks; it is pretty certain that it is not Puccinia
Malvacearum, as supposed. The writer will
gladly examine and report upon any specimens
sent him."

Literature, Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

INTERESTING PLACES.
BY \VM. T. HARDING.

After perusing the well arranged spring cata-
logue of select hot-house, greenhouse, hardy and
new plants, received from David Fergusson &
Sons, Laurel Hill Nurseries, I'hiladelphia, I felt
the strongest inclination possible to go at once
and see them growing. And in fact so much was
I impressed with the desire that I willingly yielded
to the alluring temptation held out and was soon
among them.

" Great Expectations," alas ! are not always
realized in this deceptive world, yet, on this par-
ticular occasion they certainly excelled all my
fancy painted them. And how highly gratifying
it is to the observer who is diligently looking out
for something good, when agreeably confronted
with that which he is in search of. And this was
the happy experience of your correspondent, when
on the fourth day of " Smiling May " he entered
the land of perpetual summer, where from distant
regions were gathered gorgeous groups of the
brilliant bon ton tropical beauties, in all the varied
phases of leaf splendor and blooming grandeur
that could possibly assemble beneath canopies of
glass.

It is wisely said, " He shall best paint them who
shall feel them most." And true as the assertion
may be, the writer, with all his ardent admiration
for such beautiful things, is nevertheless compelled
to admit his lack of adequate language utterly un-
fits him to properly depict the grace, elegance,
radiance and fragrance, which combined to render

all so charming. To specify all that is interesting
would be impossible, and especially so when every
object seemed worthy to be designated admirable.
And could sufficient space be spared to fill several
columns with the mere names of the numerous
grand specimens, it would not satisfy the patient
readers without fully describing them. So, " for
sweet charity's sake," I trust they will pardon me
for not making the attempt. Suffice it to say that
in every department under the sashes, as well as
the grounds outside, everything was excellently '
done. The same remarks apply to the bouquet
rooms, potting sheds and packing house, where a
number of active hands were busily engaged in
filling orders.

As instances of marked improvements in old
favorite flowers were frequently pointed out, and
the merits of new species discussed, while inspect-
ing this unique establishment, the thought natur-
ally suggested from what I saw about me was,
what an excellent place it is to demonstrate flori-
cultural progress in. And as the last door closed
of the many plant houses we passed through, I
felt fully convinced with the fact that the cata-
logue's descriptions of the beautiful things I had
carefully inspected were not in any sense exag-
gerations.

Butler, of " Hudibras" fame, might have been
similarly impressed with what Tie saw in his day,
when he penned the following lines —

" How fair and sweet the ]ilauted rose
Beyond tlie wild in hedges grows !
For without art the noblest seeds
01^ flowers, degenerate into weeds."

After several well spent hours in the nursery,
Mr. T. Fergusson kindly proposed taking a quiet

2l8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

ramble through the sylvan shades of Laurel Hill
Cemetery, so picturesquely situated within a few
yards of the enterprising firm I was visiting. So
under his efficient guidance 1 was musingly led
along the silent avenues and peaceful paths which
intersect "the city of the dead." Among the
beautiful and symbolic designs of costly monu-
mental statuary grew many stately trees, handsome |
shrubs, lovely flowers, and the greenest of green
grass, beneath which the silent sleepers lay.

While looking at the many marks death had
made around us, I thought how suitable seemed
the words of a meditative man : " Poor things,
they vexed themselves about very small matters
while they were alive, but they are all at peace at
last."

On alluding to the great injury the past severe
winter had done to some of the evergreen shrubs
in exposed situations, especially to the native
Rhododendrons and hardy Box bushes, my com-
panion remarked, " You will be much surprised
with what I am about to show you further on."
And indeed I was, when he pointed to a sturdy
Azalea indica alba, three feet high and four feet
across, almost ready to burst into bloom. To my
great astonishment, this beautiful oriental shrub
had stood there without any protection for the last
ten years, and seemed as hardy in the Occident — •
like its pretty little congener A. amoena ; and, as are
the charming Ghent varieties. Of course the
poetical Hawthorn, the singular Gin£;ko, and inter-
esting Cedar of Lebanon trees, were too conspicu-
ous to pass unseen.

After viewing the very remarkable work of
sculpture, considered the masterpiece of the famous
artist, Thom, known as "Old Mortality," which
the genius of Scott has rendered immortal, we
meandered among the well kept burial lots, until
we reached one at which my guide paused, and
pointmg to a grave on which was placed a mass
of fresh flowers, remarked, "That is where father
is buried." As a passing tribute to departed
worth, I will here say, that he who slumbered
there, the late Mr. David Fergusson, who has
" passed through the golden gate," was as noble a
man I verily believe, as ever left " Bonny Scot-
land;" and was for years a sincere friend of the
writer. And while deeply regretting his loss, the
remembrance of other days vividly reminded me
of vanished friendships never to return. And as
our friends thus drop off, one by one, we realize
the truth of the sad aphorism, "The shadow of the
cypiess will be cast over all." I

Mount Holly, New Jersey, May 23rd, /88s- '

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Duke of Westminster's Garden.— Eaton
Hall is one of the most beautiful ducal palaces,
and has one of the most interesting gardening es-
tablishments in England. The gardener has fifty-
six men employed under him. The number of
glass houses is so large that the employees gener-
ally cannot tell you without stopping to count on
the fingers how many there are. The hot-water
pipes to warm these houses in length would ex-
tend six miles. Strawberries are forced for winter
use, about 6,000 pots being used for the plants.
Ten thousand persons visited the grounds last
year. In order to keep down crowds, the Duke
charges 25 cents to each person visiting the palace
and grounds. The receipts are given to a hos-
pital in the vicinity, the sum last year being S2500.

Mummy Peas. — The modern Egyptian is nearly
as good as Ah Sin, when playing the game of
" Fleece your brethren." Employ one to get you
some mummy peas at a big figure, and he will get
you the mummy and carefully unwrap its rags,
when lo ! and behold ! you may see the peas roll
out before your eyes ! The delighted Yankee or
Britisher smilingly carries home his prize and
plants them. It is nothing to him that it is but
the modern purple flowered bush pea, seeds of
which he could get anywhere for a few pennies.
These came from an " old mummy, you know."

P. B. HovEY. — The founder and senior partner
of the well-known seed firm of Hovey & Co., of
Boston, died at his home in Cambridge on the 3rd
of June, in his Sist year. He was born, in the
house where he always lived and died, on 3rd of
September, 1803. In 1834, he started the seed store
at Cornhill, now at 16 South Market. Mr. Hovey
left the seed firm in 1883, but continued till his
death his interest in the Cambridge greenhouses.
He was among the early founders of the Massa-
chusetts Horticultural Society under General Dear-
born's Presidency, in 1829, and had been its Vice
President, and active in many official capacities.
He served two terms as a member of Common
Council in the city of Cambridge, and was a re-
markably useful man in every relation of life, and
highly esteemed by the whole community in which
he lived. Mr. Phineas Brown Hovey, leaves a
widow and three children. They, with his esteemed
brother, Charles M. Hovey, will receive the
sympathies of the whole horticultural community
in whose service their long lives have been so
ably dedicated.

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

219

The Canadian Forester's Illustrated Guide.
— By J. C. Chapais, Montreal. Eusebe Senecal et
Fils, publishers. 1885.

The object of this work is to make Canadian
farmers and others acquainted with the trees com-
posing Canadian forests. Accurate drawings of
the trees, branches and seeds are given ; all this
must have great value. The author gives his view
of the " Duties of the Government." No govern-
ment forests " unfit for cultivation " should be sold
to settlers ; but if the land will produce good
timber it is not clear why it should be unfit for
cultivation. Then he thinks no person should be
allowed to cut any tree that does not exceed a cer-
tain size. When forest land is sold, the settler
should be obligated to keep a certain acreage in
forest. Sportsmen must be watched, that is,
special police must be employed. P"or the en-
couragement of reforestation, he thinks premiums
should be given by agricultural societies or even
the government. In every way possible he would
teach farmers their interest in forest planting. As
to the prevention of forest fires, Mr. Chapais is the
first writer we have met with who insists that the
owners of forest lands should be compelled to clear
away the debris left by the woodman, or at waste
in the forest. He would have the woodman's
work finished by fire in the winter season, and
prohibit all burning of brush between the first of
June and the first of October. Just how this
would work we do not know. It would be very
hard work to collect dead material properly when
snow is on the ground. Still it is in this line that
we have to look for relief from forest fires.

The Jesup Collection of Woods of the
United States. — By Prof. C. S. Sargent. New
York: D. Appleton & Co.

Morris K. Jesup, the President of the American
Museum of Natural History, New York, collected
specimens of all the woods of the United States,
and submitted them to Prof. C. S. Sargent to ar-
range and elucidate. Only a few have not yet
been secured. This work by Prof. Sargent is in-
tended as a guide to the collection. Life-size col-
ored drawings are still in preparation. It gives an
account of everything relating to trees as wood
that can be ascertained, so far as they are trees of
the United States, and is undoubtedly the most
intelligent contribution to dendrology that has
ever appeared in our country.

Gray's Botanical Text Book. — Professor
Gra>'s Text Book went through five editions under
the sole supervision of the author. When the

sixth was called for botany had so far advanced
that Dr. Gray had to commit portions of the work
to other hands. It was diVided into four volumes,
first. Structural Botany, from his own pen, and
which appeared several years ago. Sketch of the
natural orders, which we hope he will yet give us.
Cryptogamic Botany committed to Professor Far-
low's care ; and Physiological Botany by Pro-
fessor Goodale. The last is to be the second
volume, of which part the first is now before us.
When complete it will be probably the most popu-
lar Text Book of Botany that has appeared in any
country.

Five Acres too Much. — By Robert Barnewell
Roosevelt. Orange Judd Company, New York.
New Edition.

When "Ten Acres Enough" appeared many
went wild over the enormous profits supposed to
be made out of a few acres of ground, and thou-
sands lost about all they had saved in trying to
do what the author of that work said had been
done. They had certainly enough before they
got through. This book is a capital take-off of
the extravagances of that ten-acre affair, and the
fact that a new edition is called for shows that it
is well appreciated. We do not know of a pleas-
anter book to while away an hour in a garden
chair.

Mushrooms of America: Edible and Poi-
sonous.— By Julius A. Palmer, Jr., Boston: Pub-
lished by L. Prang & Co. 1885.

There is no more universally appreciated vege-
table than the mushroom. A very large number
of species are edible. But numbers of species are
poisonous, and the fear of eating the noxious spe-
cies prevents people from using numbers that may
' be collected near every one's door. Messrs. Prang
could not have undertaken a more useful work
than to give full sized colored illustrations of all
of these classes, so that even a child may learn
what to choose and what to avoid. Aside of the
utility of the task, they are beautiful works of art
that will be welcome to any one's library table.
They are not too large to be inconvenient, but are
each species printed on card-board by itself, and
all in a portfolio. They can thus be used for lec-
tures or parlor talks, and are just the thing for use
in schools or colleges.

Fruit Culture. — By W. C. Strong. Boston :
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1885.

Numerous works have appeared from time to
time on fruit culture and kindred topics. One
would think there was no room for more. But in

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

no branch of intelligence has there been so much
advance as in horticulture. Every year solves
problems insoluble befo.fi, and with new ideas
new books naturally follow. It is just in this line
— in the endeavor to elucidate fundamental prin-
ciples— that Mr. Strong believes he finds an unoc-
cupied field, and this book is the result. In the
peculiar field it is destined to fill it will be found
very useful. If it had been more pretentious,
there would be room for more critical comments,
as, for instance, the statement that pear leaf blight
is confined mainly to young seedlings, before they
are budded by the nurseryman. This may be
correct of some of the New England States. In
many other parts of the country the main cause
of pears not ripening well, and of the poor flavor
when they do ripen, comes from the premature
fall of the foliage from leaf-blight.

Orchids : A Review of their Structure and
History. — By Lewis Castle. London; Published
by Journal of Horticulture office.

This is a small paper-covered book of 56 pages,
by the author of " Cactaceous Plants," recently
noted in our columns. It brings together a great
mass of matter connected with the history of these
curious plants that cannot fail to interest any per-
son who knows what an orchid is.

Talks Afield about Plants and the Science
OF Plants. — By L. H. Bailey, Jr. Boston:
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1885.

This is of a class of books very acceptable to the
readers of the Gardeners' Monthly, a class
which tells in a pleasant and popular way the in-
teresting stories about plants that only those im-
mersed in the full flood of science are usually sup-
posed to know much about. The following is a
specimen of the little book. After figuring and
describing the Witch Hazel the author says :

"Superstitious notions were long associated with
the witch-hazel. Its common name is a record of
the foremost of these notions combined with the
resemblance of the plant to the true hazel. The
branches were once used as ' divining rods,' by
means of which deep springs of pure water and
veins of precious metals were supposed to be re-
vealed. Even in recent years I have seen forked
branches of the peach and linden dexterously
balanced in the hand and their occult vibrations
taken as infallible indications of streams of pure
water beneath the surface. Fortunately for the
magicians who perform with these mysterious
branches, there are few places where any intelli-
gent person would look for water that springs may

not be found at a reasonable depth. Ast-ology
was also debtor to the witch-hazel branches, if
Token has written aright :

* Mysterious plant : whose eolden tresses wave
With a sad beauty in the dying year,
liloouiinp amid November's frost severe.
Like a pale corpse-light o'er the recent grave.
If slicpiierds tell us true, thy wand hath power,
Witii gracious influence, to avert the harm
Of ominous planets.'

" The witch-hazel has been held long in repute on
account of its medical virtues, and it is the source
of popular remedy of the present day. The In-
dians are said to have made preparations of its
bark for the treatment of tumors and inflamma-
tions. The wych-hazel of England is an elm,
whose wood was used in olden times in the con-
struction of wyches or chests. This antique spell-
ing is often erroneously applied to our American
shrub."

Baron Mueller's Select Plants. — The pub-
lic seldom know how much they owe to the unsel-
fish labors of men of science. We noted recently
the republication of the above named useful work
in this country, by G. S. Davis, of Detroit, it hav-
ing already been published in India as well as in
Australia, and a translation in German for the use
of the people of the Empire. We now note by a
paragraph in the Melbourne Leader of .-Xpril 18,
that this mass of useful labor, so highly apprecia-
ted everywhere, is a free gift to the world, Dr.
Mueller receiving nothing from it, yet he takes as
much interest in helping and working for Mr.
Davis' success with the work in our country as if
there were "millions in it " as the phrase goes.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

The Shamrock of Ireland. — " W. H. P.,"
Iowa City, Iowa, says: "Will you be so kind as
to answer through the columns of your esteemed
journal, the Gardeners' Monthly, the following
questions :

" What is the true Shamrock of the Irish ?
What is its origin ? To what species of plants does
it belong ? What does the name designate ?

" According to my dictionary, it is white clover,
but on inquiry of many different Irish people
everyone disputed it. I loping that you will kindly
help me out."

[St. Patrick is said to have had an argument
with an Irish king, endeavoring to win him to
Christianity. The heathen was satisfied on all

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

221

but one point. He could not understand how
there could be three Gods wholly independent of
each other, and yet only one God ; that the three
different persons were really but one individual
person, though taking three different forftis of
development for special purposes or occasions.
In order to explain more clearly what he meant
the Saint is said to have taken some trifoliate leaf
in illustration, which so satisfied the poor heathen
that he gave up all opposition and was baptized.
The good man's logic was of course at fault, for
one leaflet of a clover is not equal to the whole
leaf, but it served the purpose, and it is the event
that is commemorated, and any one trifoliate leaf
is as good as another. It was not long after the
event is believed to have occurred that it was
made public and celebrated ; and the clover leaf
was taken as the plant Saint Patrick employed.
But as the knowledge of botany developed it be-
came certain that the white clover was not a
native of Ireland. It had only been introduced, as
it had been into America, after commercial rela-
tions with the main continent of Europe com-
menced. That was subsequent to St. Patrick's time.
Therefore the plant could not have been white
clover. So the moderns have had to guess at another
plant, and as the only trifoliate plant at all likely
to attract observation at that early period was
Oxalis Acetosella, abundant everywhere in Irish
woods and places where St. Patrick was likely to
meet with the original wild Irishman, it has been
concluded that this must have been the only
plant that could have been employed.

Just what the word Shamrock means, we should
be very glad if some of our friends versed in the
now almost obsolete Irish language could tell. —
Ed. G. M.]

GiDDiNGs' Nurseries, Danville, Illinois. —
It was not those miserable compositors this time,
but the naughty Editor that located Giddings'
nurseries at Danville, Indiana, instead of Danville,
Illinois. But after all what business has Illinois
with a Danville ? Is the catalogue of names so
fully exhausted that a wide awake city must seize
that which has been appropriated by another?
If we were about to found a city, we would rather
call it Blunderbuss, Boomerang, Monkeyville, or
any circus name in the wide world than Danville,
Smithville, or any other pre-empted one. If not
altogether in sackcloth and ashes for our mistake,
we can at least drop a tear over the loss of 800
panes of glass to friend Giddings by the hail storm
of June 5th.

The Lawson Pear. — Mr. John S. Collins says :
" I notice in last monthly, under the heading of
' The Comet Pear,' an opinion of the Editor of
the Gardeners' Monthly which I do not con-
sider correct. It would no doubt have been pro-
per for the owners of the farm on which the old
pear tree had grown to have named it, if they had
done so in a reasonable time and let the name
been known to the public. The person now most
interested in having the name of pear called 'Law-
son,' states in his circulars and catalogues that
the tree was probably grown before the time of
' John Lawson the Elder,' and that the Lawson
family have always ' guardedly secluded ' it from
the public. They neither raised the tree or intro-
duced it to the public, although they owned the
tree for generations.

" I think there are several reasons stated in en-
closed circular why the Comet is the proper name
for the pear."

[We have no desire to be the umpire in any
personal quarrel between two business firms. The
fact for an Editor is that two firms have two names
for oije thing, and the public will ask the Editor
which name is to be used.

The only facts for the Editor are simply these :
The owner of a farm has a pear tree that came
up on the land he owns. He gives a neighbor, as
a compliment, a few grafts. After this the owner
of the tree concludes to put the tree into commerce.
He sells the whole stock in his possession to a
nurseryman and tells that nurseryman its name is
Lawson. Will it be contended that he shall be
estopped from his undoubted right to call his own
property what name he pleases, because a friend
who received a few complimentary grafts chose to
forestall him by giving one of his own ?

We are told that Mr. Lawson never " uttered a
protest against" the extraordinary liberty of a
stranger naming his own property without con-
sulting him in any way in the matter, and we do
not know that he was called on to protest. If
the owners " guardedly secluded " the tree from
the public, they had the right to do so.

As an Editor, called on to decide this delicate
question, we can only say that it appears that the
owners of the tree have distributed the pear under
the name of Lawson ; they never consented to its
being called anything but Lawson ; and as, under
pomological rules, "the owner of a tree has the
right to name it," we cannot see that we have any
discretion but to accept Lawson as its legitimate
name.— Ed. G. M.]

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

LJuiy.

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

WORLD'S EXPOSITION.

BY J. E. WALDO.

The first season of the World's Exposition came
to a close to-day. There were causes at the open-
ing, and for a time subsequent, that prevented it
from becoming a financial success. This is the
only Exposition I ever saw, hence I do not pro-
pose myself as a suitable judge. But those who
have seen others and assume to be capable of
judging, pronounce this the grandest earth ever
saw. Therefore, in every other respect, except
financially, I conceive it improper to speak of it
other than as one of the great efforts of the nine-
teenth century for the progress, advancement and
improvement of man. It seems to me that any
one contemplating seventy-five acres covered with
buildings, and the buildings filled even to the gal-
leries, can scarcely think of it as a small affair.
It is now a thing of the past.

A second Exhibition is to be had commencing
November ist next. The State Commissioners,
forty-five in number, from all the States and Ter-
ritories, have taken hold with our people and a
big success is promised. The State Commissioners
propose to arouse the interest of their people in
the success of this future Exposition, and that they
will increase their exhibits so as to far surpass the
former gigantic display.

This is the future outlook. What will our hor-
ticulturists and florists have to say about it ? Mr.
W. H. Boomcamp, in answer to Mr. Baker, tells
him "he speaks in vain to Northern horticultur-
ists ; they do not want to risk their goods to a slow
freight line," &c. And you say editorially that
the difficulty is enhanced by the old-fashioned
method of premiums. It seems to me the question
is very little affected by these objections. There
may be some difficulty in getting goods here in
proper shape, but with proper effort can not the
difficulties be surmounted ? And should the ques-
tion of premiums or no premiums be thought of
much value ? It seems to me the question is \
" Business." '

In the Exposition that is past there were about
six thousand exhibitors, besides their attendants,
and an average on the grounds, each day, of not
less than four thousand strangers from all parts of
the earth — of course, mostly from the United
States. Now, would not a business man like to
have a fair display in this magnificent hall, prop-
erly attended to, and some one on hand to talk
business, hand out catalogues, cards, &c. ? Busi-
ness men will see the advantage in a dollar and
cent view of the thing. The new South is begin-
ning to be in a situation to want such things and
the big West was here in full force the past winter,
and will be here in redoubled numbers the coming
winter. I think there will be horticulturists the
coming winter who will see this matter as business
men— and as business men they will see this
grand hall utilized to its utmost capacity. Should
Mr. Boomcamp be with us the coming winter he
will find the hall none too large — no room to spare.

The following plants, by their bloom, have at-
tracted much attention in Horticultural Hall the
past month or so :

In I. H. Erkener's Exhibit.

Cereus dasyacantUiis,
caespitosus,

Bectinatus,
ir. Regal,
cteuoioes,

speciosissimus,
Fer ■

Mainillaria aplanata.
*' f*i>herica.

" Kostrioha,
" stellans.

" snhacelata,
He ■

.eyderi,
'endleri, Echinocactus Texeiisis,

pulyaoantluis, ** Williainsi.

" stramineiis, Large variety of Opuntias

I'liyUocactus Aokennanni, in liloom.

Orchids — Mexican Exhibit.

Odontoglossxim Rossii, Epidemirum vitcllinmii,
'■ Ehrenbergii, " raiiilerum.

" curdatuiu, " lirassavola?,

Cattleya citrina, Maxillaria sanguinea,

" Leopolilii, Bletia Fnugcriana,

Harjtopliyllvim spioatuin, Cyrtopodium spec. Honduras.

Oncidium variegatuni. Parluva fastuosa,

" sanguineuni, Plumiera albolutoa,

Lycaste SIvinneri, Russellia juncoa,

" aroinatica, Carica i)apaya,

'* Deppci, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, li, pi.

" aurantiaca, '* puniceus,

Sclioniburgliia tiliiM-ina, Pelargonium hybriduuo.

" spec. (Guatemala, Datura arborea,

Acropera luteola, Muaa rosacea.

126 Jackson St., New Orleans, June ist.

[We have always had some difficulty in making

ourselves understood in regard to this exhibition

business. Our correspondent for instance notes that

the question of premiums or no premiums should

■ 885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

not be thought of. This is precisely our view. It

should not be, nor is it thought of in these days by
the best class of exhibitors. But the trouble is
that those who get up expositions think differently.
They act on the belief that all that is necessary to
bring out a grand exhibition is to get out a splen-
did premium list, and, after advertising that -

thousands of dollars will be awarded in premiums
they think their work is done.

But exhibitors want more than this. They
want appreciative and discriminative awards made
by those in whose superior judgment the world at
large has confidence.

If B. has something that he knows is superior to
anything ever before seen in his line of business ;
knows that there will be judges capable of appre-
ciating this point and who will say so ; knows that
the exposition will take trouble to publish this fact
for him far and wide, he will exhibit, and the
people will flock to see, and be willing to pay to
see these best specimens of the world's skill. But if
it is to be but a grand collection of ordinary mer-
chandise, a bazaar, a mere mart where the people
are simply to be brought together to buy and to
sell, a mere question of ordinary "business" as
our correspondent puts it, the average man will
not send. He can make more money by spending
the amount of cost in personal efforts in his
own office, with the ordinary advertising machin-
ery, than by going so far away.

Still another illustration of what we mean: —
recently there was a spring meeting of the Penn-
sylvania Horticultural Society. One of our re-
porters gave in our magazine a detailed account of
the superior merits of the articles exhibited. Letters
have come to our office saying that that notice
was of far more benefit to the exhibitors than all
the " premiums," or all praises of the visitors who
saw the things themselves. Now we contend that
this discriminative work should not be left to a
chance reporter. It should be the work, and at
the cost, of the societies themselves. Let them
honor their worthy exhibitors by an exposition of
their excellences, while the exhibitors do their
work by the exposition of their goods. — Ed. G. M.]

FLORAL NOTES FROM NEW ORLEANS.

BY M. H. LESTER.

If you think I am getting troublesome, bear
with me this once. I do not think I shall write
again for some time. The thermometer as I write
is 90° in the shade at my door, and I often catch
the shameless thing 4° or 5^ worse than that.

Mosquitoes have been here for some time — "every
one as big as a shrimp " — and anyone that can
write much under those circumstances must be
gifted with more patience than has ever fallen to
my lot.

Another celebrated amateur, D. T. Brown, Esq.,
of St. Louis, has been here. Mr. Brown is also
one who is not in a hurry when he gets in among
good plants. He likes to walk around them, and
look at them. He says a good specimen palm is
worth a wagon load of flowers. Mr. Brown se-
cured probably the best specimen of a Cycas
revoluta in the U. S., from Maitre & Cook, nursery-
men here. [We should like to know how large
was this specimen, as some Philadelphia conser-
vatories may want to contest this. — Ed.]

Mr. John Rock, of San Jose, California, left here
a few days ago well pleased with his visit. Mr.
Rock was awarded several hundred dollars in
money premiums alone, but it is just as likely as not
he will never apply for the money. Mr. Rock
donated his entire exhibit for the benefit of this city.
If the city government decide to beautify the ex-
position grounds there are enough plants donated
now to make it a perfect paradise in three or four
years.

At Horticultural Hall the fruit exhibit has dis-
appeared like magic ; and with parties removing
their exhibits, etc., the place is all topsy turvy. I
notice among the orchids Schomburgkia tibicina
and S. Lyonsii in bloom ; also Stanhopea tigrina
lutescens.

My Osmunda Japonica corymbifera and Ksmp-
fera Gilbertii, commenced to look bad last fall, so
I threw them under the bench. I found them
again in March, and shook them out and gave
them a clean pot with peat and sand and good
drainage. They are two of the prettiest plants I
have now in 5-inch pots. Those plants have been
figured or editorially noticed, I forget which, in
the Monthly already, and may be otherwise
familiar to some of your readers.

I have a famous piece of Osmunda regalis fenced
in in a shallow corner of the pond, where the
roots keep cool and moist all the time. The first
Lotus this season, Nelumbium speciosum, opened
June 2d ; there will be flowers now every day until
frost.

With regard to the portion of Mr. Boomkamp's
letter in the Monthly for June, that refers to my
notes from here, allow me to say that no exhibit was
or could be in better condition than that of the
" General Bulb Co." at the time Mr. Boomkamp
left h£re.

224

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

I July.

The exhibit of Cactus, etc., from San Antonio,
Texas, was entered on the books of Horticultural
Department of World's Exposition by J. Wish-
ner & Co , and business cards to that effect dis-
• tributed at the Exposition, the proof of which I
send you. Under those circumstances I don't see
what Mr. Erkener has to complain of. He had
charge of the exhibit while here.

Prof. Tracy was warmly welcomed by his many
friends on his return to look after the exhibit from
his State.

In my notes from here in the Monthly for
June, page 190, mention is made of Dendrobium
Dalhouseanum. As it is there I must have writ-
ten it so, but the specimen is Dendrobium densi-
florum. June sth, 1885.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Premium System, as Exemplified at
New Orleans. — As a good illustration of the
absurdity of the premium system noted in our
last, a correspondent says : " A lady knowing I
was fond of cactuses bought for me from one 'who
has taken ten premiums,' the rare Astrophytum
myriostigma, which she knew I wanted. But it
turned out to be the common Aloe longiaristata.
Heavens ! who competed ? or rather, who were
the judges ? Of what value to the community are
ignorant awards like this ?" Exactly ; but if they
were " the best on exhibition," the judges awarded
properly. Now, suppose the committee were com-
pelled to give the reasons for their award, which,
in this progressive age, we contend they should
do, and could say " we make this award for

, and for that reason," and among others

could say " in a tribe of plants like cactus in which
there is much confusion of names, we found them
all accurately determined, therefore we make the

award of dollars ;" then we have a system

that would invite exhibitors. A firm that could
get the reputation which such an award as this
would give, that they had a collection of cactuses
true to name, would have a prize worth contend-
ing for.

The"Amekican Garden" Prizes.— The Ameri-
can Garden very liberally offered Jioo in pre-
miums for new fruits, flowers and vegetables, at
the exhibition at Clinton Hall, New York, June i8th
and 19th. We received a note with a request "to give
it publicity," on the 1 3th of June only. We note this
here, because it is a matter of frequent complaint

that we fail to notice what " we might just as well
do," and which we would cheerfully do, if sent in
time.

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. —
The exhibition of Chrysanthemums so success-
fully inaugurated last year, is to be repeated this,
and is to be held on November 10, 11, 12, 13. A
schedule of premiums has been issued which may
be had by application to the Secretary, A. W.
Harrison, Horticultural Hall, Broad St., Philad'a.

American Society of Florists. — The first
annual meeting of the American Society of Nur-
serymen and Florists, will be held in Cincinnati,
on the 1 2th to 14th of August. We did not receive
notice in time for a more detailed notice of what
appears to be a very interesting programme.

American Exhibition in London. — Mr. Bur-
net Landreth, the well-known chief of the Agricul-
ture liureau of the Centennial, writes : " As one
of the Vice Presidents of the ' American Exhibi-
tion ' to open in London May 1st, '86, permit me
to call your attention to the proposed horticultural
display. As far as it is practicable it is intended
to have in the section referred to a comprehensive
show of American plants, fruits and seeds, forest
products and horticultural appliances. To this
end the leading ' English Nurserymen ' have prom-
ised to contribute to the full extent of their ability,
but there are a vast number of American plants
uncultivated in Europe, some of which are beauti-
ful as decorative objects and others useful in the
arts. These and those of every other class will at-
tract much attention both artistically and scientifi-
cally, and the display from American nurserymen
would result in an increase of orders for horticul-
tural objects, not only from ICngland, but from all
of Europe and the rest of the world, as anything
shown in London is presented to all mankind.
The American Exhibition will continue from May
to October, and will be held on a space of twenty-
three acres near South Kensington. The inten-
tion of the organizers of the Exhibition is to show
everything that the people of the United States
have to sell, with the design of increasing trade.

"At the same period the British Colonies will
hold at South Kensington a six months exhibition
to be termed the ' Colonial Exhibition,' and it
would seem a wise policy for the nurserymen and
foresters of the United States to be on the ground
ready to meet the test of competition.

" Circulars can be obtained by addressing
"General Norton, Sec'y Amer. Ex.,
"No. 7 Poultny, London, England."

THE

Gardeners' Monthly

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXVII.

AUGUST, 1885.

Number 320.

Flower Garden and Flrasjire Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

The excessive droutii which has prevailed in
many parts of the country, has not been without
its lessons to the horticulturist. In Germantown
where from three to five inches of rain is the
record for June, the fall this season has been but
.99 of one inch, and up to the time of writing this,
early in July, there has not been a drop to add to
it. Though there have been local rains in many
places, the showers have generally missed, and
hundreds of spring planted things have passed
away. Shall this be an argument for fall planting ?
Yes, and no. Yes, if we are willing to believe
that fall is at least as good as spring ; no, if we
ever expect to get complete immunity from all
loss in planting trees. It must be remembered
that trees die after transplanting, from lack of
moisture. They dry out. Trees die in winter and
in summer that have not been transplanted, just
the same as if they had been, if- the moisture does
not get into the branches as fast as it dries out.
A transplanted tree has a worse chance in this
respect than one not transplanted. First, because
it has lost some of its roots; secondly, because the
earth does not set as tightly against the roots as
before ; for, no matter how well a tree may be
transplanted some of the roots will not be in close
contact with the earth, and then it may as well
not have that much root, for the root must be in

close contact with the earth before it can get any
moisture from it. It is for this reason that very
often a tree with "splendid" roots, and "well
planted " will die before one that has poor roots ;
the very thick mass preventing the earth from
getting close in around each one. A fall planted
tree has this great advantage, that the heavy fall
rains have a tendency to carry the earth in and
around the roots, while the low temperature fol-
lowing is unfavorable to any excessive evaporation
from the branches. The only enemy to be feared
is excessively cold and drying winds.

In spring planting we not only have the difficulty
of packing the earth well in among the roots, but
have the possibility of heat and drouth im-
mediately following. Aside from these theoretical
reasonings, the experience of the last few seasons
has been very favorable to the success of fall
planting. As early as it can be done in the fall
the better. Another lesson relates to watering in
a dry time; water will not supply the place of
shoitened roots, or of soil ill packed in, but it is
some good to the roots that can reach the earth.
But the chief trouble is that people seldom com-
mence to water till the tree is in a dying condition,
and when it is too late to be of any service. The
intelligent gardener waters before the plant needs
it badly, and this is one of the gardener's arts that
a stupid fellow can never learn, and which after
all can only be well taught by experience. And

226

THE GARDENERS" MONTHLY

[August,

in watering it.is rather an injury than a benefit to
pour the water on the surface. This compacts the
earth, and it dries out sooner than if not watered.
But if a basin be made about the tree, water
poured in, and as soon as the water soalts away
the soil filled in again lightly— not pressed in-
such watering is a great benefit. Again, pruning
is a great help to a tree suffering from drouth after
transplanting. If, with all the care in watering or
otherwise, some branches do not push into growth
freely, cut them back at once.

As soon in the fall as bulbs can be obtained
they should be planted— though this will not gen.
erally be the case till October, — but it is as well to
bear in mind that the earlier they are planted, the
finer they will flower. This is particularly the case
with the many varieties of Lily, and of the now
popular Narcissus ; and it may also be remembered
that though Dutch bulbs, and other hardy bulbs
will grow well in any good garden soil, low alluvial
or rather moist ground, gives th*e best results.

The latter end of August is one of the best
seasons of the year to transplant evergreens. The
young growth of the past season has got pretty
well hardened, so as to permit of but very little
evaporation, — and the earth being warm, new
roots push with great rapidity, and the tree be-
comes established in the ground before cold
autumn winds begin. The chief difficulty is that
the soil is usually very dry, which' prevents much
speed with the operation ; and the weather being
usually very warm, the trees have to be set again
in the ground almost as fast as they are taken up ;
so that it is not safe to bring them from a distance.
It is as well therefore, to make all ready in antici-
pation of a rain, when no time may be lost in
having the work pushed through. Should a spell
of dry weather ensue, — which in September and
October is very likely,— one good watering should
be given, sufficient to soak well through the soil
and well about the roots. A basin should be
made to keep the water from running away from
the spot, and to assist its soaking in. After being
well watered, the loose soil should be drawn in
lightly over the watered soil, which will then aid
in preventing the water from drying out soon again.
Herbaceous plants may be divided early in the
fall, and with great profit set out, if a little care be
taken to keep them from being drawn out by frost.
Some few will thrive all summer in poor and hard
soil; but the majority will only live well in a rich
open soil made especially for them. Some die
out from being left to mature seeds. Unless we
want a lew seeds, flowers should be cut as fast as

they fade, just as we do with roses. Some hardy
perennials are, however, much the best when re-
newed occasionally from seeds.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE AMARYLLIS IN THE SOUTH.

BY P. H. O.

The .A.maryllis is a plant which deserves a
greater amount of attention in the Southern
States than is usually accorded it. The hybrid,
A. Johnsonii, is an old inhabitant of the gardens in
the South. Other varieties are not often met with.
The reason for this is perhaps, besides, that many
are as yet high-priced plants ; that it is not
generally known that all of them are hardy, if
planted in places not too wet. There may, how-
ever, be a few varieties which it will be difficult to
bloom in the garden. Chiefly among these I
will mention the belladonna varieties and a few
others. The above-named kind takes its season
of growth from November to May, and is in con-
sequence, often cut back in winter by sharp frosts,
which prevents the plants from getting strong
enough to flower. I believe, however, that it will
do well wherever the Orange is cultivated. The
other varieties and species succeed splendidly
with me. The bulbs ought to be planted in pots
to start them in, which, if it is done early in Sep-
tember, will sometimes bring them to bloom in
six weeks. During winter they must be kept
from freezing, and in spring, after blooming, they
may be set out in the border, and provided they
have a covering of 4 or 5 inches of soil over the
bulb, will never be killed, either by frost, drought
or hail. Their flowering season is in April here
in Texas, but in the summer of 18S4 I have had
some in bloom in every month from April to
September. I have cultivated many kinds of
plants, but with no kind have I e.\perienced so
little disappointment as with the Amaryllis ; in fact
1 have not lost a single plant. It is subjected ta
no disease, no insects attack it, and the possessor
of a bulb, or a few, may expect in course of time a
moderate increase by side bulbs.

For the information of those who are unac-
quainted with the merits of the different varieties
and species I will name a few that have done well
with me in the garden. There is, first, that old
variety, A. Johnsonii, found in many gardens in
the South. Amaryllis pardina is just as free
blooming as the preceding ; in fact, my plant

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

227

produced three flower spikes the last season.
AmarylUs etoile, white with red stripes, Amaryllis
psittacina, Amaryllis fidelia, Amaryllis astrosan-
guinea, the best dark red Amaryllis, Prince of
Orange, and a host of others, most of which will do
admirably in the garden ; and the cultivation of
this plant ought to be more extensive, as there are
but few Lilies that will do in the South and the
Amaryllis takes naturally the place of the former
in the garden. Austin, Texas.

[We welcome these efforts to encourage South-
ern gardening. In the Editor's travels through
the South at various times, the glorious capabilities
for gardening that laid unimproved were remark-
able. This suggestion of the great value of the
Amaryllis as a popular Southern flower should be
improved on. — Ed. G. M.]

CAUSE OF BROKEN BRANCHLETS IN THE
NORWAY SPRUCE.

BY PROF. W. A. BUCKHOUT.

I blame the squirrels for the broken branches
found under the Norway Spruces in the spring —
note of which you made in last number of Gar-
deners' Monthly.

Although I have never seen a squirrel cut a
branch, and know no reason why they should do
so, unless it be for sport, the facts are these :

1. In and about our oldest Norway s, which are
close together, and intermi.^ced with other trees,
squirrels are often seen feeding upon the seeds,
and the cones are entirely cut up by them, the
fragments strewing the ground beneath ; and here
the broken branches are found in abundance.

2. Isolated trees on the campus retain their
cones and their branches. I have never seen
squirrels here.

3. I notice the same relation between broken
branches, cut up cones and feeding squirrels,
among our native Pines (P. rigida) all about us.

4. The branches seem to me to be cut off by
squirrels' teeth. I send a few specimens by this
mail. State College, Centre Co., Pa.
■ [These are undoubtedly cut by squirrels, be-
cause the cut made is the cut which squirrels
make in gnawing a branch. Those which we
received from New Hampshire were broken off at
a bud — disarticulated as it were — which a squirrel
could not do. We are now inclined to think that
after the rodent has cut the branch, and drying
commences, disarticulation of the side branchlets
results, and in this way their presence among the
evidently gnawed-off branches will be accounted
for.— Ed. G. M.]

BEAUTY AND UTILITY IN THE SPIKE RUSH.

BY G.

Among the sedges of our wet lands there are
few plants more beautiful than some of the more
delicate species of Eleocharis, called " Spike
Rushes" by authors, and " Frog's Hair" by coun-
try people. A large patch ot low ground covered
by these sedges is often a very charming spot for
the eye to rest upon, though it often proves a
treacherous place for the foot. Strange so say,
these plants bear transplantation well, and with
moderate watering will grow even in dry ground.

I think the broad-leaved Panic Grass, Panicum
latifolium, when growing vigorously is one of our
handsomest and most striking wild grasses.
Grown for its rich and dark green leaves, it would
be a very interesting plant in winter. I am in-
formed by an intelligent farmer that cattle eat the
hay of this grass greedily, though it is very
coarse. Would it not pay to utilize it as a forage
plant ? Merchantville, N. J., June 8th, 1885.

[We have occasionally noted the avidity with
which cattle eat the Eleocharis, and regard the
hint thrown out by G. as a valuable one. —
Ed. G. M.]

AN OPEN LETTER TO A "FLOWER
SISTER."

BY MRS. FANNIE E. BRIGGS.

Mrs. Wellcome's letter in the June number has
touched so many chords of memory that I must
respond ; and as, doubtless, many of the readers of
the Gardeners' Monthly have the same associa-
tions, I trust our kind Editor may give me space
in its pages.

Those " Hundred-leaved Roses," how well I re-
member them in the garden of my childhood's
home, among the hills of Vermont. I have never
seen any like them since. Some of the Hybrid
Perpetuals remind me of them, but they are not
the same. They grew in great thickets in that
garden, receiving no care save an occasional
cutting of the old wood, yet coming forth every
year in prodigal profusion, and all so perfect. My
recollection of their color is, that they were deep,
clear rose, like the deepest shade in "York and
Lancaster."

We had a neighbor who had Damask Roses,
and her little daughter used to bring them to
school to exchange for mine, yet, though we both
loved them with our whole childish souls, we
never exchanged plants. I don't know why, un-
less it was the changeless condition of everything

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

in that old New England town, the old houses,
and orchards, and gardens, the same year after
year, and we were not yet prepared for innovations.

And the wild flowers ! To use Mrs. Ws words :
" Ere the snow was fully melted I went in quest of
them." For on those dear old hills Winter comes
early and lingers long. And O, how I used to
long for the coming of spring with her bright
train !

The Hepaticas came first, then the blue Violets
and the spring beauties, the Trilliums and the
Adder Tongues (Erythronium), and many more^
close at home. In a neighbor's woods there were
Blood-root and Columbine ; in another grew the
beautiful little Chiclcweed Wintergreen (Trienta-
lis), and still farther away, towards the river, un-
der the Pines, the lovely Traihng Arbutus. And
the Wood Violets ! I see them yet, fair and
stately, and pure, though more than thirty years
have passed since my eyes beheld them. A rela-
tive (another exile), to whom I wrote of them,
says, "When I think of those Wood Violets as
they grew in our Maple grove, they seem like
beautiful, intelligent spirits standing there." What
would I not give to have them here ! Not even
those Roses could be more dear.

And this brings me to a theme near my heart —
the culture of wild flowers. In the first flower-bed
I made in that old home garden I gathered my
wild-wood favorites. The Violet and Hepatica,
the Blood-root and Columbine grew side by side
with the few common garden flowers, which were
all I knew of then. Since then, in all my wan-
derings, I have carried out my childhood's plan.
In my Iowa home were gathered treasures from
many States ; mementoes from many floral friends.
In my brief sojourn in California I gathered bulbs
of her beautiful flowers, and they smile on me
now as I write. Bulbs gathered in winter from
the plowed fields of Oregon grow beside them, and
in another bed are lineal descendants of the Iowa
flowers I sent long years ago to a friend in Michi-
gan. What could be better keepsakes or
memorials ? Have not they, who keep through
all their years the love of flowers, found one
fountain of perpetual youth ?

One item more. A newly arrived immigrant
came here on some business a day or two since.
A plain man of fifty, a native of bleak Finland,
but now just from Liverpool, which had been his
home for fourteen years, rather oppressed by the
strangeness of everything, and full of care about
getting settled in his new home. While waiting,
he walked down into my little flower-garden, and

came back with a shining face. " It vas so
pretty," he said ; " 1 vas in de pig gardens in
Liverpool ; dey vas pigger, but dey vas no
prettier, I tink I like my missus to see it. She
tink she like flower-garden some time." Of
course I invited him cordially to bring her, and
when she is ready for that garden she shall have
bountiful contributions. There is a free-masonry
among flower-lovers, and that word, "flower-
lover," is the magic password.

La Centre, Washington Territory.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The White Fringe Tree. — It takes a long
time for plants to be thoroughly well known, and
this we now illustrate is a striking example. It
has been in cultivation for a century, but chiefly
in the gardens of the curious, and it is only of
late years since it has been " handled," as the
trade term goes, by the much abused tree agent,
that the great merits it possesses as a highly orna-
mental shrub of strong growth are appreciated. It
flowers early in June, and a tree covered with its

large clusters of pendent white flowers, cut as if
by a scissors to a mass of fringe, is a sight once
seen never forgotten, for there is none other
that has such a marked peculiarity as this.

In August and September some of the trees are
followed by fruit of an oblong shape, bluish pur-
ple, resembling grapes, and are truly ornamental.
The tree belongs to the same natural family as
the Ash, Oleacese, and it is the peculiarity of this

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

229

family, as in the Ash, for instance, to have some
trees with wholly barren flowers. In this case, of
course, berries do not follow. Its botanical name
is Chionanthus Virginicus, and it is found wild as
far north as Southern Pennsylvania, usually in
damp shady places, but under culture it is not at
all fastidious about soil or situation ; and it is one
of those easy going plants that few winters kill or
hot summers injure, and, besides, transplants with-
out making much objection.

Floriculture in Georgia. — The Augusta
Chronicle tells us that the mild climate of Georgia
is very favorable to gardening. A single red
variety of the Camellia brought from England in
1808 or 1809 is now a fine tree in Charleston. It
is 30 feet high and is of wonderful beauty when in
blossom. The Olea fragrans and Magnolia fus-
cata are popular evergreen shrubs. The public
Park at Augusta was begun in 1881, and is very
beautiful. The varieties of cypress and arbor
vitaes are the best of the terebinthine evergreens,
and nothing is more prized than Magnolia grandi-
ilora. Tea Roses are perfectly at home after
blooming in what may be called the winter sea-
son. Georgia has fifty commercial florists, and
the taste for flowers and flower gardening is grow-
ing rapidly.

A Dahlia Stem Borer. — A correspondent of
Vicks' Monthly says that he has found a stem
borer very destructive to the Dahlia. We have
not heard of this enemy before. It may account
for the sudden withering of Dahlia plants of which
we have heard some complaints.

Early and Late Flowering Single Roses.
— If one wants to get all the good out of Roses
that they are capable of affording, and has room,
there is nothing will fill the measure equal to a
collection of single Roses. The Red Kamts-
chatka or Rosa rugosa, is the earliest we have
seen. This comes in May. All through June
some one or another is in blossom, and in July the
single Prairie Rose concludes the list. And in
autumn there is the red fruit of vailaus forms, to
give a whole season with the flowers of changeful
beauty.

The Catalpa. — So much has been said of the
Catalpa as a timber tree, that we may forget that
it is also one of the most desirable of orna-
mental trees. In July it is a mass of lovely
flowers at a time when almost all other showy
flowering trees are gone. It is late in coming
into leaf and its seed vessels are not par-

ticularly desirable, but the attractiveness of its
flowers atones for all other defects.

Large Pinus Excelsa. — The Garden describes
a Himalayan Pine that is 7 feet 9 inches, 3 feet
from the ground. We are not sure but we can
beat this in America. There are some very fine
trees of this grand Pine in the vicinity of Philadel-
phia. If not mistaken we believe there are
very large ones at Bloomsdale and at Rosedale.
There are some in Germantown 60 to 70 feet high.

Combination Plants. — Not nearly as much
advantage is taken of combinations among plants
as they are capable of affording. Last June we
noted a plant of the Bladder Senna, Colutea ar-
borescens, and the Amorpha frutescens, which had
managed to grow together forming one stock, that,
both coming into bloom at the same time, one
with bronzy purple, the other with orange yellow
flowers, bad a very pretty effect indeed.

A i\lAGNIFItENT SPECI.MEN OF THE CePHALON-

l.AN Fir. — The grounds of the late Robert Buist
have been cut through in several directions by
the growing demands for city streets, and a mag-
nificent specimen nearly 6 feet in circumference,
is now standing on the side-walk. It is only about
35 years old. It may be, perhaps, 28 or 30 ft. high,
however — from the opportunity it has to spread its
heavy side branches. These have spread many
feet. Many connoisseurs would give a thousand
dollars to have such a lovely specimen safe on
their grounds.

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Andro.vieda Japonica. — This new addition to
hardy plants from Japan promises to be a good
one. It is a very early flowerer, the racemes of
blossoms being about 8 inches long. It will be a
good companion plant to the sorrel tree of the
South, which has always been a rare favorite in
American gardening.

Red Platycodon grandiflora. — Of this capi-
tal hardy herbaceous plant we have white and
blue in our gardens. A rosy violet variety has
been introduced from Japan by Mr. Maries, and
which bears his name.

Prunus Piss.ardi. — This proves to be only a
colored leaved variety of the Myrobalan plum. It
is a very beautiful variety, and if it will keep clear
of the blights and bugs which trouble almost every
flowering plum in gardens, it will prove a great
favorite.

230

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Salt on Lawns. — A correspondent from St.
Paul, Minnesota, writes : " As a reader of the
Gardeners' Monthly for many years I have be-
come a firm believer in its teachings, but was sadly
disappointed by following the advice given on page
167 of the June number regarding the treatment
of lawns. My lawn, created at great e.xpense and
about eight years old, not doing as well as for-
merly, I had about concluded needed some fer-
tilizer, and was on the point of sending to Hender-
son for his lawn enricher -when your article
appeared. 1 applied the sgjt some two weeks ago
and it killed the entire grass in three days, and to
this date there is no sign of its reappearance. Will
it spring up again ? If not, I will plow up and re-
seed."

[It was not an editorial suggestion, but one
from a correspondent who simply said that " a
small appHcation of salt is an excellent practice,
though old." He was not giving directions, but
referring to an old and well known practice, and
referring to the action of the salt air on the e.^ccel-
lent growth of lawn grass at Newport, in Rhode
Island. The trouble in our correspondent's case
comes from his misunderstanding of the term
" small application." He gave a large applica-
tion. Salt for lawns should be very fine salt, and
should be sown so thinly that one could scarcely
see that any had been used, except perhaps a
very slight grey tint to the green of the grass, and
it should be applied early so that the spring rains
might leach it a little before the growth com-
mences.

What to do in the present unfortunate condi-
tion of affairs is not clear from this distant view.
The next rain will leach some of the salt away,
when there will not be too much for vegetation,
unless an extraordinary amount of salt has been
used. Some of the roots will probably then grow,
and we should in October rake the whole over
and sow fresh seed. It will no doubt be a first-
class lawn again next season. — Ed. G. M.]

The York and Lancaster Rose. — A corres-
pondent desires to thank Mrs. A. G., West Vir-
ginia, for a plant of the old striped rose, the York
and Lancaster as it is called, which was kindly
sent to her. It may be as well to say that the
rose has evidently derived its name from the fact
of the two great houses of York and Lancaster,
adopting respectively the white rose and the red
rose as their respective cognescence. Eventually

the wars between them ceased by an union of
their families. The union of the white and the
red in this striped flower would naturally suggest
the history of the great families — the union of
York and Lancaster. In Washington Territory,
as we are informed by a lady, it is called the
Calico Rose.

Black Fly on Chrysanthemums. — A corres-
pondent complains that Paris Green placed on
Chrysanthemums had no effect at all in ridding
the plants of the black aphis. Why the complaint
is sent to us is not clear, as we have no knowledge
that the Gardeners' Monthly ever recommended
it. Paris Green or London Purple will kill any
insect that can eat it, such as beetles and cater-
pillars that feed on the leaves of plants, but Aph-
ides do not eat, but suck the juices from the in-
terior, and of course escape the poison. To destroy
these we have to give them some treatment, more
hypodermic than gastronomical. Oily substances
or poisons taken in through their breathing appar-
atus would be more to the point with them. Fir
tree oil or tobacco water will be more effective.

Gas Killing the Roots of Trees.— Xanz &
Neuner, Louisville, Ky., write: "Through the
carelessness of the New Gas Co. (water gas) we
are losing a number of trees here on the principal
streets, some as old as twenty and thirty years.
Great many are completely dead, especially the
Ailanthus, while Silver Maples and Lindens don't
seem to suffer so much from the leakages in
the pipes. But the leaves are turning yellow,
and perhaps before long they will be dead also.
Pipes are relaid now, and there is perhaps no
further danger of seeing more trees killed. Can
any remedy be employed to save the sick trees ?
Will watering help, etc., to get the poisonous gas
out of the soil ? If anything can be done please
reply and oblige us. We will publish it in the
daily papers so it will benefit all alike."

[We have told these gentlemen all we know ;
but as it is not as satisfactory as we should like,
insert the letter as a query here, in case others
may have had a more successful experience than
we.— Ed. G. M.]

Magnolia cord.\ta. — In reference to our note
at p. 196, Professors Sargent and Gray write that
there is a specimen of the true species in the Bo-
tanic Garden at Cambridge, Mass. Dr. Gray
remarks that it is very distinct froin the Magnolia
acuminata growing near it.

Parsons' Sons & Co. send us a genuine speci-
men from a plant they have.

i885

AND HORTICULTURIST.

231

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

CULTURE OF CACTUSES.
BY A. L. SILER.

For several weeks past I have been on the tip-
toe of expectation over an article on the growth,
culture and habits of the Cactus, that my Cactus
correspondents have been telling me would ap-
pear in "this month's Gardeners' Monthly."

I have just read that article, which is very good
and excellent as far as it goes. The writer says
the best way to treat them (the Cactuses), is to put
them away where the temperature, does not fall
below 45O. I do not know how cold it is in
Canada at 45", but here in Utah, Echinocereus
phoeniceus, Echinocactus Simpsonii, Mamillaria
vivipara, var. Neo IVIexicana, and Opunta Mis-
souriensis, stand out in their native places and
do well with frost 22^ below zero ; but they grow
upon well-drained, gravelly hillsides, and are
usually covered with snow from Christmas to the
following May. So much for the iron-clad Cactus.
Then there are Cereus Engelmanni, Echinocactus
Whippleii, Echinocactus Sileri, Echinocactus
cylindraceus, Opuntia rutila, Mamillaria chloran-
tha, that grow with the Agave Utahense on the
sand-stone ledges, in many instances with hardly
sand enough to cover their roots, and there are
two Cactuses that stand out exposed to the fierce
heat of the summer sun where hardly a lizard is
to be found, with the thermometer down to zero
in the winter.

In the Beaver Dam Mountains, west of St.
George, growing in the sand on the limestone
ledges with Yucca brevifolia are Echinocactus
Johnsoni and E. LeContii. In this locaUty there
is but little snow, but the thermometer often falls
within ten degrees of zero.

The question has been asked of me very often
lately as to when it rains and when it does not.
Snows and rain commence about the 15th of
December and continue until about the first of
May, when a period of drought sets in, lasting un-
til about the 24th of July. This being a holiday,
it always rains, and it continues to rain until the
last of .August. At the higher altitude? where
the first-named Cactus grow, frost usually follows

a rain, let it be at what season of the year it may.
Last night, June nth, ice formed 54^ inch thick,
following a very unusual ram storm that came off
last week.

A few years since I had a number of Agave
Utahense that I wanted to keep until I could get
orders for them. I planted them with a Mamil-
laria vivipara in a box of clay soil, and told the
lady in charge of the place to water them oc-
casionally. I was away for some two or three
months. When I returned to get my Agave
plants to send away, I found them swimming in
water and was informed that they had been
sitting on a back porch where they got the
morning sun only with a pail of water from the
well every morning. I expected that they were
ruined, but tp my surprise they were well supplied
with new roots. I have, when collecting Cactus,
set out on dry ground in favorable locations what
I had left over after filling orders ; but I have
never had the good fortune to have any of them
root as well as the M. vivipara set with the Agave
noted.

A number of the readers of the G.a.rdeners'
Monthly have asked me to tell them about the
soil that our Cactus grow in. Cereus Engel-
manni arrives to its greatest perfection on the
ragged edges of limestone ledges with a soil of
clay and gravel. Echinocactus Johnsonii, E.
LeContii, M. chlorantha and Opuntia rutila delight
in a southwesterly exposure on the side of sandy
and gravelly ridges with bed rock of limestone.
Echinocactus cylindraceus, E. xeranthoides, E.
Whipplei, Opuntia chlorotica, M. phellosperma
are found on the west side of canons facing the
morning sun, but never on the east side sand
on sand stone ledges generally. Echinocactus
Sileri on low hills, soil rotten gypsum. Echino-
cactus phceniceus, E. Simpsonii, Opuntia Mis-
souriensis, gravelly soil facing to southwest, or
on top of high gravelly hills about the rim of
the great basin. Mamillaria vivipara Neo Mexi-
cana, gain their greatest perfection in very tight
clay soils amongst sage brush.

Ranch P. O., Kane Co., Utah, June isth, 1885.

[This account of the kind of soil and the habits
of some of our native Cactuses, will be very in-
teresting to the lovers of 'these curious plants — a

232

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

continually increasing circle. What Mr. Siler
says about water for Cactuses we can confirm by
experience. Even pot Cactuses we plant in the
open ground during summer, and, whenever we
have very hot weather for a few successive days,
pour on the water, and it is wonderful how they
seem to enjoy it.

In this section we find Mamillaria Xuttalliana,
M. vivipara, Echinocactus Simpsoni and Opuntia
Missouriensis entirely hardy, though singularly
enough it never flowers. This peculiarity follows
others. In Southern Utah the writer dug up
(with the swingle-tree of a wagon, while his wrfe
held the horses' heads) three large masses weighing
20 pounds each, of Echinocactus phoeniceus, then
covered with their magnificent wine-glass-shaped
flowers. On returning from the Pacific they were
found safely at home. Though they are in
charming health, they have not had a flower the
past two summers — though the dry mesa soil on
which they were growing, has been imitated as
nearly as possible. Under culture we cannot
always rely for success on imitating natural con-
ditions. We must learn from experience.- —
Ed. G. M.]

THE RELATIVE COST OF STEAM AND
HOT WATER HEATING.

BY W. H. PAGE.

In your remarks at the close of an article with
the above heading, July number, I notice you say
" As a queit'ion of physics, it takes more coal to
heat a certain amount of water to a condition of
steam and keep it to a condition of steam than it
does to warm water."

Now, Mr, Editor, 1 think your statement a little
misleading. You say, a certain amount of water.
Well, I will call this certain amount of water 50
gallons for steam and 50 for hot water. That is,
a certain amount for each apparatus if I have your
meaning of it. Now of course it will take less to
heat this water to the usual temperature in a
greenhouse circulation which will average about
190O than what it would to make steam. Hut. is
that a comparison ? I should say not. Now let
me put this in a light that will be more easily un-
derstood. In a good steam boiler I have 50 gal-
lons of water, sufficient to raise steam to fill the
whole system of circulation. In order to heat by
hot water all the circulation must be full and the
proportion for hot water would be 500 gallons.
Now we start a fire in the hot water boiler and let
it run full force, and in two hours we have the
water to a boiling point in the boiler and about 1

half-way through the circulation. In the steam
boiler the water can be brought to a boil in twenty
minutes, and in ten more the whole system of
pipes can be brought to 212°, and at a pressure of
two pounds the diaft will be shut off and the fire
only consumed fast enough to maintain the pres-
sure. With the steam there is no heat for the first
twenty minutes, and but little from the hot water,
but at the end of two hours the steam boiler is
turning out the greatest quantity of heat and
working with drafts closed, while the hot water
boiler is burning its coal without hindrance. Th^
steam boiler has been under check for one and a
half hours.

My experience has been that it takes one-third
more coal to heat a dwelling house by hot water
than by steam ; and if true in this why not in
greenhouse heating ? With proper adjustments
steam is the most economical method of heating a
greenhouse, and can be left alone for a longer
time than any hot water boiler. Norwich, Conn.

[There is not probably much difference between
our correspondent and us. The difference is chiefly
in the expression of the same idea.

Our chief desire was to impress on the reader
a fact obvious enough in itself, yet apt to be for-
gotten in discussions, that heat can only come
from fuel, that the shape of boilers, or form of the
water (as steam or the ordinary liquid) adds noth-
ing to the quantity of heat in a given amount of
fuel. We must increase fuel to increase heat. It
certainly does take less coal to merely " warm "
50 gallons of water than to make steam of it ; and
yet the point made by our correspondent, that a
dwelling house can be heated for one-third less
cost by steam than by hot water, be perfectly cor-
rect. But this comes from the more ready distri-
bution of the heat, as we understand it, and not
from "economy in fuel," as so generally con-
tended for.

Practically, as we have said, it is but the expres-
sion of the same idea, but we have often seen that a
correct statement of a principle is by far the best
path to the understanding of that which depends
on it.— Ed. G. M.]

MANETTIA CORDIFOLIA.
BY CHARLES E. PARXELL.

The cordate leaved Manettia, M. cordifolia is
a very beautiful, half hardy, summer flowering,
twining or climbing vine, belonging to the natural
order Cinchonaceaj.

It is a native of Buenos Ayres, where it was dis-

l88s.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

233

covered by Mr. Tweedie, who sent seed of it to a
friend in Scotland, and where it first flowered in
1832.

It is a twining or climbing plant growing from
ten to fifteen feet in height and having opposite
shining green leaves about two inches in length,
and the flowers are produced in the greatest pro-
fusion during the late summer and early autumn
months. The flowers, which are of a bright
scarlet color and about two inches in length, are
produced from the axils of the leaves in such pro-
fusion as to almost cover the entire plant. And
when we consider the ease with which the plant
can be grown, we cannot but regret that it is so
rarely seen in cultivation at the present time.

This Manettia is a plant easily cultivated, doing
best when grown in a deep, well enriched soil,
and it should be well mulched and copiously
watered during our hot, dry, summer weather.
It can be planted outside about the* loth of May,
and should be taken up and potted as soon as its
foliage is destroyed by frost and wintered in any
dry, frost-proof cellar, or under the greenhouse
stage, if care be taken to prevent it from becoming
too wet.

About the ist of April the plant should be re-
moved to a light, sunny situation and started into
growth, when it can be planted out and treated as
above advised.

The most essential point in the cultivation of this
beautiful summer climber is, the proper training
of the young shoots, and for this purpose the
plants must be well looked after, and the shoots
so trained as to occupy the desired space while
they are yet young.

This Manettia is usually described as being a
greenhouse climber, but 1 have found that when
so grown it is so subject to the mealy bug and other
insect pests that the patience of the cultivator be-
comes so e,Khausted by repeated and vain efforts
to exterminate them that he finally abandons all
attempts to cultivate the plant. When grown in
the open air it proves to be perfectly free from all
insect pests, and well rewards its cultivator with a
profusion of bloom.

Propagation is effected by cuttings of the half-
ripened wood, and after the plant has attained
age by a careful division of the plant, or if cuttings
of the roots four or five inches in length are
placed in sand in gentle bottom heat they will
soon produce nice plants, and if the young plants
are well cared for nice flowering specimens will
soon be obtained. The generic name was given
in honor of Xavier Manetti, prefect of the Botanic

Gardens at Florence, about the year 1756. The
specific name alludes to the shape of the leaves.

This is a plant that can be grown in any
situation where a herbaceous or summer climber
is required, for during the dark days of winter
there is no obstruction to the light, while for
verandahs or trellisses no plant is equally as
valuable. When well grown it will cover a
space of from ten to fifteen feet in height by as
much in breadth. Oueens, N. Y., July 3d, iSSs-

[We are glad that Mr. Parnell has called atten-
tion to this very beautiful plant, which in the
anxiety to get novelties has been suffered to drop
out of notice. When grown as Mr. Parnell
suggests, it is one of the handsomest of summer
open-air plants. Philadelphia gardeners in the
olden times, used to grow it as a tub plant for lawn
decoration, and often had specimens five feet high
and six feet in circumference, a mass of scarlet
from bottom to top in September. It is sometimes
called Manettia glabra. — Ed. G. M.]

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Davallia tenuifolia Veitchiana (see illus-
tration on following page). — Ferns adapted to
pot culture are now rather numerous, and one
may readily make a good selection and get
great variety among a comparatively small list;
but kinds adapted to hanging vases or baskets
are not by any means abundant, and new ad-
ditions to the list are very welcome. The one
we now illustrate is a particularly pretty kind for
this purpose, and was introduced by Messrs.
Veitch, of Chelsea, near London, who furnish us
with the annexed description:

"Probably the most graceful and finely cut Fern
yet known ; it was sent to us from the Straits Set-
tlements by the late Dr. J. T. Veitch, whose name
it bears. The fronds are 21^ to ^'A f^^' long,
elegantly arching on all sides, the leafy portion
broadly lanceolate in outline, and very finely cut.
As distinguished from Davallia tenuifolia, the
fronds are arching, almost drooping, the foliage is
much more lace-like, the stipes have a warmer
reddish tinge ; the pinnae are longer, more slender,
and have their ultimate segments more minute.
The light and elegant drooping habit of the plant
renders it one of the best basket Ferns for the
stove ever introduced.

" It has received the award of a First Class Cer-
tificate from the Royal Horticultural Society, and

234

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

August,

a Certificate of Merit from the Royal Botanic ! flora which had seven flowers on it but no fra-

Society, — and The Garden says it is one of the
most valuable additions to Ferns that has been
made for a long time."

grance that could be noticed at all. In 1883 the
same plant had twenty-two blooms but still no fra-
grance. 1 had a lot of night-blooming Jasmine in

Davallia tenuifolia Veitchiana. (Sec description, page 233.)

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Nicht-Uloo.ming Cereus. — "W. L. M.," Des
Moines, la., writes : " Please tell me if you can
if there is more than one kind of Farfugium, and
to what class or family of plants it belongs ? Peter
H. makes no mention of it in his H. B. of Plants

that I can find.

"In 1882 1 had a night-blooming Cereus grandi- der cultivation named by "anybody" night-bloom-

bloom the first time the Cereus was in bloom and
most of the visitors thought it was the Cereus that
was so fragrant. But 1 was not so lucky the sec-
ond time. 1 should like to hear an explanation
from some one, unless I am mistaken in thinking
it should have been fragrant."

[Farfugium grande is the only one noteworthy
by flower growers. There are many Cactuses un-

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

235

ing Cereus, because they happen to bloom at
night. The original night-blooming Cereus is C.
grandiflorus, which is as sweet as sweet can be.
It is such lessons as these which teach us that
though botanical names are hard to learn we can-
not do without them. — Ed. G. M.]

Floweri.ng of Cactuses. — The first of six
buds on Cereus McDonaldii flowered on the 6th
of June with Mr. Macaulay, Ellsworth, Kansas,
and about the same time one was opening with
Mr. Pfifer, of Danville, Virginia. The simultanity
of flowering in Cactaceous plants has always
seemed surprising to the writer of this. Of several
plants of Echinocactus multiplex, a very common
kind with beautiful rosy trumpet-like flowers, all
opened their blossoms the same day in a German-
town collection.

The Greenhouse Rose Beetle.^A lady of

Madison, New Jersey, writes : " Will you be kind
enough to give in the magazine an accurate
description of the rose-bug mentioned by Mr. Hen-
derson on p. 170 of the June number? Is it the
same described by Parkman's ' Book of Roses,'
p. 37 ? I have often heard here of the damage
done in greenhouses by the rose-bugs, but I have
never found two gardeners who agreed in describ-
ing it."

[The rose-bug or beetle referred to is not the
" rose bug " so common in gardens, that eats the
flowers of mock oranges, roses and everything else
that comes in its way, which is the one referred
to by Parkman ; but a newly discovered pest of
the rose grower under glass. It was first named
Aramigus Fulleri by Dr. Horn in 1876, and is
described and figured and a full account of its
behaviour given by Prof. Riley at page 310 of
G.\RDENERs' Monthly for 1879. — Ed. G. M.]

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

The grape-vine at this season will require atten-
tion, to see that the leaves are all retained healthy
till thoroughly ripened. It is not a sign of health-
iness for a vine to grow late ; on the contrary,
such late growth generally gets killed in the
winter — but the leaves should all stay on, to in-
sure the greatest health of the vine, until the frost
comes, when they should all be so mature as to
fall together. Frequent heavy syringings are
amongst the best ways to keep off insects from
out-door grapes, and so protect the foliage from
their ravages.

Many kinds of fruit trees that have arrived at
a bearing age, may perhaps be growing very
vigorously and producing very little or no fruit.
Those who have read our remarks in past num-
bers will understand that whatever checks the
wood-producing principle, tends to throw the
plant into a bearing state. For this purpose,
summer pruning is often employed, which, by
checking the most vigorous shoots, weakens the
whole plant, and throws it into a fruitful condition.
The same result is obtained by root-pruning, with
this difference, that by the last operation the
whole of the branches are pioportionately

checked — while by pinching only the strong-
growing shoots, the weak ones gain at the expense
of the stronger ones. Presuming that the branches
have been brought into a satisfactory condition in
this respect, root-pruning may now, this month,
be resorted to. We cannot say exactly how far
from the trunk the roots may be operated on,
so much depends on the age and vigor of the
tree. In a luxuriant, healthy tree, one-fourth
may be safely dispensed with. In a four-year-old
standard pear tree, for instance, the roots will
perhaps have reached 4 feet from the trunk on
every side. A circle 6 feet in diameter may then
be cut around the stem, extending 2 feet beneath
the surface. It is not necessary to dig out the
soil to accomplish the result ; a post spade, or
strong spade of any kind, may be driven down
vigorously, describing the circle, and doing the
work very effectually. Of all trees, the peach is
as much benefitted by root-pruning as any.

As soon as your vegetable crops are past
kitchen use, clear them out. Never suffer them
to seed. In the first pl.\ce, a seed crop exhausts
the soil more than two crops taken off in an eat-
able condition ; in the next place, the refuse of
the kitchen is likely to produce degenerate stocks.
Good seed saving is a special art by itself, always

236

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

claiming the earliest and best to ensure a perfect
stock.

Celery will require earthing up as it grows, to
get it to blanch well. It is not well, however, to
commence too early, as earthing up tends, in a
slight degree, to weaken the growth of the plants.
Take care, also, not to let the soil get into the
heart in earthing, or the crown is apt to rot.

As fast as Endive is desired for salad, it should
be blanched. Matting thrown over is the best for
this purpose, as the plants are not so liable to rot
as when pots or boards are employed.

In cold or mountainous regions, melons are
hastened in the ripening process, and improved
in flavor, by a piece of tile being placed under the
fruit.

Keep weeds from your compost heaps, as they
exhaust the soil, and bear seeds for future brow-
sweatings.

Sow lettuce for fall crop, thinly, and in deep
and very rich ground.

Early Valentine beans may still be sown early
in the month — the soil for a late crop should be
well trenched, or, if the fall be dry, they will be
stringy and tough.

Cucumbers, squash, and other similar plants,
often suffer from drought at this season. Cold
water does not help them much, but a mulching
of half-rotten leaves strengthens them consider-
ably.

Cut down straggling herbs, and they will make
new heads for next season.

Towards the end of the month, a sowing of
spinach may be made in rich soil, which will
come in for use before winter. That desired for
winter and early spring use, is usually sown in
September in this region. A few turnips may also
be sown for an early crop, but will be hot and
stringy unless the soil is very rich.

Corn salad is often sowed at the end of this
month. It does not do so well in damp soil or
low situation.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FORCING STRAWBERRIES.
liV E. C.

In answer to Mr. Thomas Kould's query upon
the above subject, permit me to relate a few prac-
tical hints, which after many years' experience I
have found productive of good results. In the
cultivation of strawberries under glass it is of
primary importance to obtain good runners of

some standard variety. My own plan has been
to plant a row by itself by the side of a walk or
some convenient place ; by this means stouter
runners are obtained, and they are easier got at
for the purpose of layering and watering. As
soon as the runners can be handled they should
be layered into 2 3^ -inch pots, filled to within half
an inch of the top, with rich mellow loam. The
pots should be plunged to the rim, the runners
laid in the centre and fastened there by a small
twig of willow bent, or by laying a small stone
upon the runner. They should be carefully at-
tended to with water, and all surplus runners re-
moved as they appear As soon as they have
well filled their pots with roots they should be
severed from the parent plant, and removed to
some shaded corner. In about a week they will
be ready to be potted into their fruiting pots.— 4'2
or ;-inch pots will be large enough for those in-
tended for very early forcing, giving the rest 6-
inch pots.

The compost which 1 have found most suitable
is three parts rough fibry loam to one of well
rotted manure, with a sprinkling of crushed bones.
The compost should on no account be in a wet
condition; if it will stick together when lifted in
the hand and pressed, it is too wet, and used in
such a state will get into that " baked ■" condition
so antagonistic to the well-being of any plant.
The pots should be well drained, and they should
be potted firmly. Stand them close together for
a week or so in some shaded position, carefully
watering until they take hold of the new soil, and
syringed every evening. They should afterwards
be plunged in ashes or some such material in an
open position, and never allowed to get dry,
syringing them every evening to keep down red
spider, applying the syringe well to the under side
of the leaves, for this is where the enemy begins.
When they have well filled their pots with roots,
they should be watered with weak manure water
two or three times a week, made either from cow
manure or guano, and used about the color of
strong tea. If all has gone well by October the
balls will be a complete mass of roots, and that
is the condition in which to get them if success is
looked for. It is advisable now, if possible, to get
them into cold frames, where they can be protected
from heavy rains and frost, and introduced into
the forcing house as required.

With their introduction into the forcing house
begins the need of knowledge and carefulness on
the part of the cultivator. Certain principles
must be understood, for unless they are, success

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

237

is uncertain and failure probable. Forcing must
be conducted slowly until the fruit is set, and
especially so when the flower buds are opening.
The young flower buds by degrees take on the
form of calyx, corolla, stamens and pistil. They
form successively in the order named. The
calyx and corolla grow the quickest and most
easily bear to be hastened. Stamens require
more time for growth, the pistil most of all. They
must all be fully developed to insure a set of hand-
some fruit. A steady temperature of from 50° to
55°, with a position well up to the glass and
plenty of air on all favorable occasions, is found
best suited to gain this end. When in bloom, if
plenty of air is admitted and all other conditiqns
satisfactory, there need be no recourse to fertilizing,
except a gentle shake of the blossoms for the
early batch. On the early batch from six to eight
berries will be sufficient, and from twelve to fif-
teen on the late ones. As soon as this quantity
can be obtained of good shaped fruit, all others
should be removed. The temperature can now
be increased until it reaches 65-. Copious sup-
plies of liquid manure should be given and the
syringe well applied to the under -side of the
foliage. When the fruit begins to color, no more
liquid manure should be given, but if a bracing
atmosphere is kept up, the syringe can still be
kept going, and never once allow them to get dry
at the roots. Mount Green, Petersburg, Va.

FORCING STRAWBERRIES.
BY .\. G. LEWIS.

On page 178 of Gardeners' Monthly for June.
1885, Mr. Thomas Foulds, Hoyt, Montgomery
County, Pa., desires to know how to care for, and
mature strawberries under glass. It is easy, with
the necessary means, to have strawberries ripe all
the year round. Of course, it is unnecessary to
apply any artificial means to procure strawberries
ripe in Pennsylvania, when her climate brings
them forth in all their fine qualities. In Europe,
as well as America, I have grown them success-
fully in the following way. I planted in boxes 6
in. by 4 ft., 6 in. deep, using two-year-old plants,
always keeping them dormant on an average of six
months in the year. This I did by the use of ice,
using generally the ice-house in summer, when the
ripe fruit is needed, .\bout sixteen weeks previous
the boxes may be brought out from their resting-
place and introduced to 50^ of heat, kept natur-
ally moist, and when leaves appear, the boxes
should be kept near the glass ; not more than 18

in. off. This would be a proper distance to keep
the plants at all times through their growing,
fruiting and ripening seasons. The heat, after the
leaves appear, should be increased gradually until
the last or ripening season, when 65- would pro-
duce rich, nice-colored and well developed berries.
When dormant the boxes should be watched so as
to retain the clay in as natural state as if the
crowns were frozen out-doors ; the moisture of the
clay the same, but still avoidmg all the watering
possible while the clay is frozen. No one will
suffer any inconvenience by red spider on their
plants who will keep a proper moisture in the
house they grow strawberries in.

When the crop is gathered the boxes should be
removed to some proper place to gain strength
for another season of bearing. If they are done
bearing, in winter they should be removed to a
cool house. If in any of the summer months, to
some open ground, of course. By strictly fol-
lowing the forcing process, any one can have ripe
strawberries any day on their table, who has the
glass to grow and fruit them under. 1 need not
say to any experienced person bring to your
house, a house full at once of plants. .-Xny one
should use judgment just as a lady who
grows hyacinths would do; pot every week to
keep up a constant succession of bloom in winter
— so in strawberry fruiting. As a dozen of boxes
are done fruiting, add to the house a dozen of
frozen boxes. With a small glass capacity, the
boxes can be kept out-doors until November and
then put in a cellar or shed and removed under
glass as above described. The same idea or use
will grow asparagus and rhubarb. Of course,
they must be kept farther from the glass. The
shorter time allowed for the strawberry in foliage,
the better and larger the berries and better
flavored. Youngstown, O., June 22d, iSS^.

[The last sentence in this excellent paper re-
minds one of the discussions a quarter of a century
ago or more, as to the advantages of mowing off
the leaves of strawberries. It used to be the
fashion to grow the strawberry in three-feet beds,
and the good old gardener, who had only the
severe lessons of experience to go by, used to mow
off with a scythe the leaves of the plant as soon as
the fruit was gathered. He knew from actual ex-
perience that it resulted in a larger crop next year
than if the leaves were left on as long as possible.

But there came along the man with his lessons
from Vegetable Physiology. He knew that leaves
were the lungs of the plant, and "cut off the
plants' lungs," how absurd ! The hard-headed

238

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

gardener could not reply. He could only point
to his full baskets of berries, and stand speechless.
And so it came about that the pen was mightier
than the scythe, and the man who would dare to
say " mow strawberries " in these days would have
the average Editor laugh at him.— Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

History of the Scuppernong Grape At a

meeting of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific
Circle, held at Aiken, S. C, recently, Mr. H. W.
Ravenel observed that there are varieties of the
grape which have been propagated by cuttings,
true to their kind for over a thousand years ! Let
us illustrate this point by a familiar example. The
Scuppernong grape was found growing wild over
a century ago, in the eastern part of North Caro-
lina, near Lake Scuppernong. It was so good a
grape that it was brought into cultivation by taking
cuttings or layers, — not the seeds. If the seeds of
the Scuppernong are planted, they make general-
ly a black grape of very inferior quality. This is
the universal testimony, and I have myself tested
it by raising numerous seedlings, all of which were
black in color and of inferior quality. The origi-
nal vine found in the woods, was therefore what
we call a " chance seedling." Why it had these ex-
ceptionally good qualities we cannot tell. Among
the millions of wild vines of this species of grape,
growing all through the Southern States, this par-
ticular one " chanced " to be the best ; — and it
has been perpetuated. All the cultivated Scup-
pernong vines now in existence are parts and por-
tions of that original vine found in North Caroli-
na ! And it is just in this way, that all plants capa-
ble of being propagated by division of their parts,
are preserved to us.

Paris Green for the Canker Worm. — The
New England Homestead notes with surprise that
so many New England apple trees are eaten by
canker worm as with fire, though the Homestead
has so repeatedly shown that a simple spraying of
water with Paris green will destroy them. The
reason is, the people do not read the Homestead or
any other agricultural paper. They are of the
anti " book larnin' " class. They take their church
paper, and their political paper — but a farm paper,
for a farmer, did you ever !

Strawberries in Florida. — The first fruit
were gathered at Altoona in the first week in
January. The first shipments the first week in

February, of last year. A little over half an acre
gave 109 bushels. The winter climate of Florida
just suits the strawberry.

Josephine de Malines. — The irreverent de-
scendants of -Vdam in England, call this pear
Joseph on the palings, but it is one of the most
famous of all the European varieties ; and, we are
inchned to think, a much better pear for American
gardens than it is generally supposed to be.

Drying Apricots. — This has become a very
successful industry in California.

The Brussels Sprouts. — This form of the
Cabbage family, has small heads all along the
rr\^in stem. It is not popular in northern gardens,
because it does not endure the winter well ; and
the chief value of the vegetable is after frost has
been on them. Those who care to protect them a
little, however, think it pays. Further south it
deserves to be grown to a much greater extent
than it is by those who love good things.

Saur Kraut with Oysters. — Boil six pounds
of saur kraut till tender in water with four ounces
of butter and the same quantity of lard. An
earthenware' or a porcelain-lined pot closely cov-
ered is the best for the purpose. A sheet of but
tered paper should be laid over the kraut before
the lid is put on. When it has stewed till quite
soft, the kraut is to be laid on a strainer to
thoroughly drain. Meanwhile put in a sauce-pan
a quarter of a pound of butter, a tablespoonful of
flour and a pint of sour cream. Stir this till it
boils, and then pour it over the kraut and shake
well together. The oysters, while this is done, are
to be stewed slowly, with only the addition of a
little pepper, in their own juice. About twenty-
five oysters should be allowed to each pound of
kraut. It is then to be arranged in the dish, a
layer of saur kraut and a layer of oysters alter-
nately, with the juice poured over them. Serve
very hot. Fish is also often mixed with this, par-
ticularly pike and carp. Then fewer oysters are
used. The fish must first be boiled, and then
pulled into pieces, taking care to remove all bones
and skin. These appear to be outlandish com-
binations, but, in fact, they are really very good.

— Caterer.

« • » — ■

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Disease in Cabbages. — "J. R.," Elizabeth-
town, N. J., writes : " I am searching for informa-
tion. I am a young gardener and have been

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

239

three years in the North. I have had good suc-
cess in growing most all kinds of plants and vege-
tables. This spring I have had very bad luck
with my cabbage, and the pest that destroyed
them is something new to me. On the 15th of
May I set 120 strong cabbage plants and they
grew very fast. They had made six and eight
leaves, and had hoed them by the ist of June. I
was watching for the cabbage worm to appear
when I noticed the leaves began to turn yellow.
I cleaned the earth away from the plant and found
the root presented a rotten appearance. On ex-
amining it I found it full of little white maggots.
There were twenty or thirty on the root They
had eaten every particle of root and all around
the stalk, and were working in the lower leaves.
I found every plant just the same. It was too
late to try and save them. They are serving my
radishes and turnips the same way. If you know
what they are and if there is any remedy for get-
ting rid of them, I would like to know what it is.
Also, what club root is. The maggot is white
with a black head. If you have space enough I
would like to hear from you through the Garden-
ers' Monthly, of which I have been a constant
reader for the last three years and I find it very
useful and instructive to me."

[So far as the maggots are concerned they are
probably only those which always breed in decay-
ing vegetable matter. Just what caused the roots
to decay is not clear from the above account. We
do not remember seeing any that presented the
appearances described. Perhaps some reader
with a similar unfortunate experience can tell
more about it. Club root is an entirely different
matter.— Ed. G. M.]

An English Gooseberry. — Some one sends us
a branch with large white gooseberries of the
English race, but no note has reached us as to
what it is or where from.

If it is a seedling, and an opinion is desired, we
can only say that though very good we should
hardly consider it equal to the average of the
named kinds offered in the catalogues. The
English gooseberry has already been so highly
improved that there is little chance for good novel-
ties in this line. There is more chance for success-
ful improvement in the American race.

Immediate Effect of Pollen on Fruit. —
By request the Editor of this magazine wrote a
review of all that he could find on record relating
to the chapter by Mr. Darwin, favoring the view
that there is an immediate effect of pollen on fruit.

This paper appears in the Rural New Yorker of
June 13. pages 404, 416. The result of that review
is, that there is no evidence that any change by
pollen has ever been accomplished in fruits, though
it appears that the cotyledons of some seeds — being
part of the new plant — may be affected. The
following letters refer to the articles in the Rural
New Yorker.

The first is from Mr. D. S. Marvin, Watertown,
N. Y. "In crossing grapes I have never observed
any variation in the fruit immediately produced.
I have had light colored fruit in seedlings from
Gregg and Taylor, two black caps." This last
point shows that change in fruits may come about
even after crossing, and yet without the pollen
having any influence to prevent change, much less
causing it.

The next letter is from the distinguished Presi-
dent of the American Pomological Society. " I
wish your paper on the immediate effect of
pollen on fruit in the Rural New Yorker could
have been reserved for the meeting of the Pomo-
logical Society at Grand Rapids. It is one of the
most remarkable papers of the age, able, reason-
able, sensible, exhaustive, and finally conclusive,
that I have ever read, and I believe will be so re-
garded by all intelligent people.

"I started experiments with the Strawberry under
glass this spring, taking diverse kinds for the pur-
pose, and not one of them has sustained the
hypothesis that there is any immediate effect of
pollen on fruit."

Sending Peaches by Express. — A Baltimore
correspondent says : " I write at the request of my
employer who places great value on your knowl-
edge in everything connected with the business.
He wants to know the most improved method of
packing ripe peaches, so that they would carry safely
from Baltimore to Newport, even if they were only
two dozen in apackage, just so they would go safely.
The expense of the apparatus would be no objec.
tion. He thinks, if you were to give your views
through the Gardeners' Monthly, it might be of
great value to others as well as himself."

[This note refers to peaches forced under glass
in winter, and are of course much more tender
than the peaches grown in the open air, and would
require much more care than is given to the or-
dinary market fruit. We should think, however,
that an ordinary peach crate, which is little more
than a series of shallow shelves, so arranged that
no peach would rest upon or press against its
neighbor, is all that would be required. And of

240

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

course they must be set in their places firmly by
paper or other material about them, as not to
bruise by any ordinary jolting they may receive on
the passage. If any one has had actual experi-
ence we should be obliged by a note thereof. —
Ed. G. M.]

Centennial Cherry. — Coales & Tool send us
all the way from Napa, California, six cherries by
mail, that reached us as fresh as if just gathered

from the tree, and were quite as good flavored as
the Napoleon Biggareau from which it was
raised. They say "its chief value lies in its firm-
ness which enables it to travel long distances."
These six cherries weighed i^ oz., which shows
that they had lost little by their long journey.
They were picked on the ist of June and reached
us on the gih. It is larger, more oblate, and
darker tlian Napoleon.

Forestry.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Rapidity of Growth in Timber Trees. — We
have frequently drawn attention to the fact that
there will never be a scarcity of timber in our
country, because the wide-awake American will
be sure to plant as soon as it becomes scarce
enough to make it worth while to plant more.
The old notion, derived from English works on
forestry, that it takes centuries to grow trees to a
profitable size, came from the fact, that the landed
interest of Great Britain know absolutely nothing
of forestry, and seldom learn much from outside
sources. An American will learn from a single
illustration, found anywhere, and profit by it.
There is no need to employ no end of commis-
sioners at equally endless salaries, in order to find
out how fast our timber is decreasing, and tell us
how to keep our old and half-rotten forest trees
from falling to the ground : " because it takes ages
to get a new supply you know."

The Corsican Pine. — As some attention is
being given to this pine for timber in the old
world, it may serve to indicate its growth in Amer-
ica to note that one planted by the late Robert
Buist is still growing in his grounds at Rosedale,
and is at the present time 5 ft. 4 in. in circum-
ference, and over 40 ft. high. It has a clean,
straight trunk, so desirable in a timber tree, and is
clothed with branches to the ground. Of course,
in good timber culture, the lower branches would
have been gradually taken away, so as to have a
trunk free from knots, and then the tree might
have been 60 or 70 ft. high. It is 35 years old.

Red Cedar Telegraph Poles. — We continu-
ally read the most astonishing statements by
Europeans about things in America, and wonder
why it is that every one must go from home to
learn news of his next neighbor. We just took
up an article by a famous botanist concerning
what he saw in a recent trip to America. He tells
us that the leaves of Ledum latifolium are exten-
sively used in the Eastern (United) States as a
substitute for Tea. We believe it has been used
in Labrador, and therefore is known as Labrador
tea, at least this may be a fair inference from its
name ; but it will be news to most of us that it is
extensively used as tea in the Eastern States. Then
we take up the London Daily News and learn that
in the United States the telegraph poles are mainly
of red cedar. We have seen some million poles,
and it never occurred that any one was red cedar.
We fancy red cedar could be put to much more
profitable uses. Just how they get hold of these
notions is the mystery. The traveller who " does "
the United States in a couple of weeks or so,
probably gathers all his facts from the loungers on
railroad platforms, or bell boys at the hotels.

Thinning Forests. — English foresters are be-
ginning to find that it does not pay to grow hoop
sticks and all sorts of poles among forest trees. A
forest should be all of the kind wanted for timber, —
and instead of fussing about thinning should be
planted no thicker than desired for the final forest.

An Ancient Forest Fire. — Captain Zargo, a
Portuguese, landed in Madeira in 1419. Dr. Fruc-
tuosa gives an account of the expedition. He
says Zargo found the Island one vast impenetrable
forest, and fired the woods in order to pave the

I88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

241

way for agricultural pursuits. This fire he says
continued burning for seven whole years, and this
statement receives full credit in the Old World.
We in America, who know how soon the most
terrific forest fire is humbled by a rain storm, can
only ask, was there no rain in all Madeira in these
seven long years ? But the woods themselves
answer the question. There could not have been
such woods in a rainless climate. Yet it is meas-
urably on such " facts " as these that theories of
rainfall and forests have been deduced.

The Corsican Pine. — The Pinus Laricio is sup-
planting the Scotch pine and the larch in the esti-
mation of English foresters. We believe the tree
is less adapted to American climate than its neigh-
bor the Austrian.

Durability of the Larch It seems too bad

that after waiting some fifty years for forestry
profits, the English and Scotch should find their
hundreds of acres of larch an " arid waste " so far
as bankable returns are in question. The timber
instead of being durable as the forest enthusiasts
who write books and give forestry addresses at
conventions and fairs insisted, is at length proved
to be " sadly wanting in durability," and they
have to depend on Norway yet for " deal," as
they term the timber of the Norway spruce, for all
their leading work.

Rapid Growth of Timber Trees. — We have
seen in our country that it is possible to get trees
large enough for profitable timber in twenty years,
but not by planting them in masses as in a natural
forest, but by giving them room to develop ;
not by taking a piece of ground unfit for vegeta-
tion, and making a forest where there was not
food for even a mullein to get rich on — but by
giving them ground rich in material, and wherein
a plant would love to grow. There are plenty of
facts that would teach this in the old world, but
they do not see them, or if they do, the lessons are
lost.

Here is a very interesting fact regarding one of
our own trees, native to the Rocky Mountains and
the Pacific coast, which we find in the Gardeners'
Chronicle :

" As the result of an accident we were, the other
day, compelled to cut down what 1 believe was
the finest specimen of Abies grandis in this coun-
try. It was 72 ft. in height, 2 ft. 2 in. in diameter
at the butt end, and it contained upwards of 70
cubic ft. of timber, all the result of about thirty-
three years' growth. The wood, about which
later on I shall have more to say, appears of ex-
cellent quality, and has a most agreeable perfume.

That it is a rapid grower will be known when I state
that several of the annual rings near the butt end
measured an inch in thickness."

Here we have a tree which in a climate not
favorable, from its short summer, to a rapid
growth, making a tree 72 ft. high and 6 ft. round
in 33 years. If it had been set thick with others
in a forest, where the " profit " would be supposed to
come from annual "thinnings," such a tree would
have taken a century to produce. We see that
even in that cool country one may, if he choose,
get a profitable forest in 20 years, but still we
shall read that it takes ages to grow a tree.

The Way to Make Timber Culture Profit-
able.— The Philadelphia Weekly Press, which, by
the way, has one of the most ably edited agricul-
tural departments in its weekly edition of any
daily paper that comes to our table — takes ex-
ception to some remarks of ours on timber culture
that appeared in our June number. It says:

" We, doubt, however, whether forest planting
on a large scale would ever pay if it was done
according to the directions laid down by Prof.
Meehan. He would have no undergrowth and
keep the forest as he would an orchard.

" 'For our country,' he adds, 'a forester should
set out about 200 trees to the acre ; crop for two or
three years in some good desirable farm product,
until the trees had grown so as to claim all the
ground for themselves ; then let them have it, or
graze if desirable, when" the trunks are strong
enough to take care of the tree.'

" That is, he would set the young trees fifteen feet
apart. They would need to be pretty large sap-
lings if they claimed all the ground for themselves
in two or three years. Experience shows that
small trees are the safest to transplant, but if not
it would be impossible to use trees large enough to
cover the ground in any such period when set so
far apart. If seedlings one or two years old are
set four feet apart they are a help to each other
against the winds, and they soon shade the ground
to keep down the grass, which is certainly as ex-
hausting as undergrowth. As they crowd each
other they can be thinned out, and these successive
thinnings are worth much more than the cost of
cutting them. Why should we treat a forest like
an orchard ?"

To which we have to reply that if we can make
any use of the ground for more than two or three
years, we certainly should, — six, seven, eight, ten
or more, if it was clear that the returns would pay
for the labor spent.

When we said we would treat a forest as we
would an orchard, it was intended to mean, that
as an orchard needed continual care for success
we must give continual care to a forest if we would
get all out of it that profit requires. We would
set out 200 trees to the acre as in an orchard ; but

242

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

" why should we treat a forest like an orchard ?" these growing stumps will fight with those of the
that is, set the trees about fifteen or twenty feet trees we leave stand for a share of that food which
apart ? Can we not set them thicker, and thin them should all go to the standing timber if we would
out, and will not the successive thinnings be worth have the best results.

much more than the cost of cutting them ? We Aside from all these objections is the one element
think not, and that it is right there that the ex- of time. If we can get 200 trees in 25 years as
perience of European scientific forestry has failed. | large by the " orchard " process, as in 50 years by
It has been shown by the figures that they do not the thick planting and thinning process, the differ-
pay the expense of cutting, and it is precisely be- 1 ence will very soon eat up all the profit we can
cause the figures show this, that we recommend make on "thinning."

crops that will pay better. And if the Old World 1 To our mind we are about entering on an era of
shows this, we in America have the more reason to profitable timber culture, but it will not be by
abandon the " thinning " notion, because of forest | selecting ground unfit for culture ; by imitating the
fires. ! struggling and starving incident to "nature's way"

We cannot get rid of the waste "brush" under I of raising a forest, or by following the "science" of
the thinning system. It remains to feed the forest the "Schools of Forestry " of the Old World. We
fire ; nor can we get rid of the stumps which will ^ shall have to start out entirely afresh, with knowl-
continue to sprout and grow, and the roots from i edge gained from our own American experience.

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FRAGRANCE.

BY A. W. HARRISON.

(Concluded from page 214.)

The great bulk of Essential Oils produced con-
sists of Lavender, Rosemary, Thyme, Sage, Spike
Lavender and Sweet Marjoram. The most valu-
able products, of any amount, are the Essential
Oils of Neroli and Petit Grain. The Neroli is the
result of the distillation of Orange Flower water
from the flower petals of the Bigarade, or Bitter
Orange Tree ; the sweet or Sicily Orange yields an
inferior oil. Petit Grain is distilled from the green
leaf of the tree.

The price of Neroli varies with the season, from
$30 to $45 the pound, and Petit Grain from S8 to
$12. These two oils are extensively used in the
composition of the highest quality of Cologne
water, together with the oils of the skin of the
Orange, Lemon and Bergamot, and those of
Lavender, Rosemary and Thyme, which should be
so proportioned and combined that no one odor
shall dominate.

[Here the lecturer illustrated his meaning by the
exhibition of a sample of "Golden Cologne Water,"

composed of fifteen ingredients in widely different
proportions so harmoniously combined that no one
odor was distinctly perceptible, but the resulting
fragrance was pure, rich and delightful to the
smell.]

The Orange Flower water is consumed in im-
mense quantities in France to flavor the " eau
sucree," or sugared water, so universally drunk in
the summer season; this, by the way, is the only
form in which the Frenchman drinks water at all.

I The Bigarade Orange tree also yields a rough-
skinned, bitter, inedible fruit, from the rind of
which is expressed an inferior oil called " Essence
Bigarade," often used to adulterate the finer oils.
The tree requires ten years to mature, and twenty
to attain perfection, and yields an average of
seventeen pounds of flowers per annum.

Rose water is also distilled in great quantity. A
result of its distillation is a very minute proportion
of Otto of Roses, of the very highest quality ; it
appears in small greasy-looking drops, floating on
the surface of the distilled water, which are care-
fully skimmed off and filtered. It is stated that in
India 50,000 Roses are required to obtain one

I ounce of the Otto. That produced in Grasse is
superior to the famous Kissanlik, or Turkish Otto,

I used in this country, and, like it, congeals at

I885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

243

ordinary temperature, in beautiful transparent
crystals.

1 saw, at the renowned factory of Mr. Antoine
Chiris, who was, in all things, the leader of his
profession, a bottle containing about three pounds,
which he valued at S550, or nearly S12 the ounce.
It is not exported or sold, but the very small
quantity produced is reserved for use in unfavor-
able seasons, or a partial failure of the flower crop,
to give strength and finish to the Rose Pommades
and Oils. The " Rose de Mai," {Rosa centifolia
provincialis) or hundred-leaved Rose, is the one
universally grown.

Another very costly article, of which less than an
ounce had been produced in Grasse at that time, is
the Essential Oil of Jessamine. In the year of my
visit, 1853, an Algerian chemist obtained a minute
quantity which cost him, I was told, at the rate of
17,000 francs the kilogram, about Sioo the ounce.
It has since been produced at a cheaper rate, but
still much too dear for commercial use.

The wild Arabian Jessamine is grafted on the
cultivated plant, and bears for many years, if not
winter-killed, yielding from 90 to 150 pounds of
flower petals per thousand plants. They are
deeply covered in winter, and closely trimmed in
spring.

A most important branch in which great rivalry
exists, is the preparation of perfumed pomades
and oils, which have a two-fold use ; first, as bases
for the finest kinds of scented pomatums and hair
oils, and next as a medium for supplying the
floral odors for extracts for the handkerchief and
toilet waters. Their preparation is the most
curious and interesting feature of the Grasse es-
tablishments.

The " corps de Pommade," or pomade body, is
prepared in the winter season, and composed of 2
parts of fresh leaf lard and I part of kidney beef-
suet, except for Jessamine and Tuberose, which is
mainly of leaf lard, hardened with veal or mutton
suet. These crude fats are finely hashed, washed
in several waters — in the first-class factories
washed in Rose water — to deprive them of all im-
purity or unpleasant odor, then melted in a water
bath, and stored away in huge tin cans in airy,
cool, stone vaults, for use in the season of flowers.

Another pomade called " corps ditr," or hard
body, is made of beef suet only, and is used to
make stick pomatums.

For the perfumed oils, the material used is the
inodorous, virgin Olive oil, expressed from the
olives just before they are fully ripe.

The busy season commences with the Rose.

There are two processes for impregnating the
pomade body and the oil with the odor of the
flowers : one is a hot process called infusion, the
other is a cold process, termed " enfleurage." The
hot process is employed for the strong, fixed odors
of the Rose, Orange and .'\cacia ; the cold process
for the rich yet delicate and sensitive odors, the
Jessamine, Tuberose, Jonquil and all the bulbous
plants, which will not endure the application of
even a moderate heat without losing their odor.

The hot process by infusion is as follows:
About 100 kilograms (220 pounds) of pomade
body are put into a tin-planished copper vessel,
placed in a copper water-bath, and slowly melted
with a gentle heat, just before the dawn ; at day-
break it is charged with a certain quantity of
flowers freshly gathered, which are stirred con-
stantly during the day and night, the mass being
only kept warm enough to maintain a semi-fluid
state. About midnight it is removed from the
fire, poured into strong bags made of fish-cord,
and subjected to heavy pressure in large, per-
forated iron cylinders, standing upright on marble
bed-plates, which are gently warmed, to prevent
the cooling and hardening of the melted pomade.
Next morning fresh flowers are added, and the
process is repeated daily until the desired strength
of perfume is attained ; the scented pomade is then
poured into round tin boxes and sealed up for
shipment. The oils are worked in the same
manner, but when finished each day they are
filtered instead of pressed.

The process of "enfleurage" is as follows:
Large numbers of " chassis," or sashes, are pre-
pared, about 21^ feet long and i)^ feet wide, the
frame being 2 inches wide and l'< inches thick,
holding a stout plate of ground glass and resembling
j a large school slate. The frames for the oils are
about 4 feet long, 2i< feet wide, and thick in pro-
portion ; instead of glass they have coarse iron-
wire net work. The large factories have several
thousands of these frames. Upon each side of
the glass the pomade body is thinly spread, and
the surface is channeled or furrowed lengthwise
and crosswise with a four-tined, square pointed
wooden fork, so as to present the utmost surface
for the absorption of the odor from the flower
leaves, which are thickly and evenly spread all
over it. The frames, thus charged with flowers,
are piled one upon another, up to the ceiling.
The flower leaves thus confined between two
layers of pomatum, wither and yield up their
fragrance which is absorbed by the two layers
above and below. Daily renewals of the flowers

244

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

are made, until the proper strength is attained.
The perfumed pomade is then scraped off, very
gently melted in a water-bath, and canned for
shipment like the infused pomades. By a very
late invention a netted wire screen, like that used
lor the oils, is covered with flower petals, then slid
in between the glass sashes, and the whole closed
in with doors to keep them air-tight.

In preparing the oils, coarse, heavy, spongy
cotton cloths, made especially for this purpose at
Marseilles, are saturated with virgin Olive oil and
spread upon the netted frames ; then flowers are
thickly strewn upon them, and they are piled
on one another like the pomade frames. After
several daily renewals and the oiled cloths are
sufficiently charged with the odors the scented oil
is expressed from the cloths by powerful levers and
sealed in large metal cans or bottles for shipment.

The most costly of all the pomades and oils
made in Grasse are those of the Violet, which is
grown mainly at Nice, about 12 miles distant,
under the shade of trees, and yields a pure, deli-
cate and delightful perfume. It was the favorite
odor of the Athenians under Pericles, and is now
one of the most fashionable scents in use by the
Parisian beau-monde.

Many hundred-weights of flowers and herbs are
dried annually and are used in medicine, in
cookery, in the composition of scent-bags, cachous
for the breath, fuming pastils for the sick chamber,
and kindred compounds of the perfumer's art.

The last, and by no means one of the least im-
portant of the processes of which I shall speak, is
the distillation of perfumed waters and essential
oils, which is done at one operation. To explain
it a single example will suffice, that of the orange
flower.

The still consists of four principal parts, the re-
tort, in which the substances to be distilled are
placed and subjected to the action of the fire be-
neath it — the worm, through which the vapors
arising from the distillation pass through the
cooler — by means of which they are condensed
again into liquid form, into the receiver, when they
are ready for use. The retort is partly filled with
water and a certain quantity of the petals of the
Orange flower are added to it, and left to soak,
say over night. The fire is kindled, the scented
water is converted into vapor, which passes through
the worm, and into the receiver. The cooler is
kept supplied with cold water by a funnel through
a tube which carries it to the bottom of the cooler
and escapes by an overflow at the top.

The Orange Flower water thus obtained has float-

ing upon it drops of an essential oil, of great strength,
which is gathered as it accumulates, and is care-
fully filtered ; this is the famous Oil of Neroli, so
indispensable in the manufacture of fine Cologne
water. In the same way. Rose water and Otto of
Roses are distilled.

As many as twenty-four kinds and varieties
of essential oils are distilled at Grasse, from
flowers, the leaves of trees, herbs, roots, and the
bark and wood also of trees. It remains for me
only to speak of the perfumes derived from fruits
and from animals.

The fruit perfumes are mainly those of the
Orange, Lemon and Bergamot; small quantities
only are made of Cedrat and Limette. These are
are not distilled but simply pressed out of the peel
or skin of these fruits, and filtered. They are not
produced in Grasse but in the Island of Sicily.

The animal perfumes are three in number —
Musk, Civet and Ambergris — which play an im-
portant part in the composition of many rich per-
fumes, but like garlic in cookery, should be used
with such judgment and in such minute quantities
that their presence is not detected or suspected.

The musk is a hairy, glandular sac, or pod as it
is called, about 2 inches in diameter, growing upon
the abdomen of the male musk deer, filled with a
viscid paste of a highly pungent odor. When
dried it loses most of its pungency and resembles
coarse-grained black snuff. A room has been per-
ceptibly scented by a single grain of it for thirty
years, without apparent loss of weight, and speci-
mens known to be one hundred years old, were as
strong as the fresh article.

Civet is a resinous exudation obtained from a
pouch or sac of the Civet Cat, and in appearance
somewhat resembles shoemaker's wax.

Ambergris is found on the shores of Madagascar,
Surinam and Java. It is the result of a disease of
the liver of the Sperm Whale, and is often found
by whalers in the bowels of the animal. Fine
grain Musk and gray Ambergris are each worth,
at the present time, about S30 the ounce.

There are many other substances that have a
distinctive fragrance, and are used in the art of
perfumery — mostly well-known — which my limits
will only permit me to name ; such as the Bitter
Almond, Balsams of Tolu and Peru, Gum Benzoin,
Cinnamon, Cloves, Mace, Nutmeg, Orris-root,
Tonka Bean, and Vanilla.

To return, for a moment, to Grasse. The
flower farms receive the highest garden culture,
and great attention is paid to irrigation ; in some
fields at Cannes there are complete net-works of

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

245

irrigating tubes substantially laid in cement. A
constant warfare is wpged upon insects, and each
plant has its particular borer, grub or bug.

The heat in summer is intense, though tempered
by the sea-breeze, and the winter is, at times, as
rigorous as at Washington or Richmond.

While visiting this interesting region of flowers,
I was often inwardly reminded of the vast and un-
developed field in our own sunny clime, and of
the possible future of commercial floriculture in the
tropical regions bordering upon our Mediterranean
Sea — the Gulf of Mexico. There the wild-wood
teems with the fragrant Jessamine and Magnolia ;
the shaded pastures are redolent of the timid
Violet ; the gardens load the air with the far-
wafted perfume of the Rose, the Orange Flower,
and all that is pleasant to the smell. But a blight
was upon the people, and all the beauties and
graces of nature were darkened by a pall of unre-
quited labor. It may not be a vain hope, I trust it
may be a prediction to be soon fulfilled, that when
that fair land shall be fully redeemed from the
lethargy, the paralysis of human slavery, when it
shall be everywhere fully open to the intelligence
and energy of the Northern mind, aided by the
free and self-reliant labor of the millions disen-
thralled, it shall then become the great flower-gar-
den, not only of America, but of the world.

[The above is a lecture given by the well-
known Secretary of the Penn. Horticultural Society,
who has occupied that position for twenty-five
years, as well as been its Treasurer for thirteen.

The lecture was illustrated by a varied collec-
tion of odoriferous plants contributed by the leading
florists of Philadelphia, yielding fragrance in petal,
calyx, stem, leaf, bark, wood or root. Also by
many essential oils distilled therefrom loaned by
Messrs. Wright & SuUivant, as well as fragrant
pomades from the South of France. An in-
teresting object was a stuffed pair of dwarf Musk
Deer and a pod of genuine Musk 25 years old.
At the close, each person present received a tiny
sample of Extract of Tea Rose, prepared by the
Lecturer, as a souvenir of the occasion.

It was very highly appreciated by the intelligent
audience that had the pleasure of listening to it. —
Ed. G. M.]

COMMON NAMES OF NATIVE PLANTS.

BY MRS. J. S. R. THOMSON.

I sympathize deeply with our Florist friend, who
recently sent to our genial Editor to help him out,
the list of plants bearing such names as Lizzard's
Back, Dutchman's Breeches, &c. When I have

found a particularly beautiful and desirable native
plant, I meet with just such names. Recently I
have turned my attention to our native Flora,
which has so much worthy of introduction into our
gardens ; and last winter, fall and spring I have
been tantalized almost to distraction when I ap-
pealed to the natives for names — local, I mean — I
never dare hope to gam the botanical cognomen.
1 found in one ramble a low-growing shrub (never
over 10 feet) with the most brilliant glowing blood-
red twigs, and found it so beautiful, denuded as it
was of foliage, that I collected a dozen specimens
and carried to my kitchen garden and planted; all
now growing beautifully. I asked several persons
its name, and one and all replied. Swamp Dog-
wood (Cornus), and I at once jumped to the con-
clusion, woman-like, (Who is it says, "a woman
arrives at her conclusions intuitively, a man by
reasoning ?") that it was Cornus sanguinea, until
our long-suffering, patient, forbearing Editor set
me right again. How many more stupid mis-
takes will I make, I wonder ? But he did not tell
me what it was. The plant is now in full flower,
has flat panicles (like Laurustinus) of very fra-
grant pure white flowers, four petaled, quite at-
tractive, and a profuse bloomer. If this had no
other attraction it would be desirable ; but its bril-
liant red twigs, glistening as if freshly varnished,
would add much to our lawns when stern winter
holds high carnival with us. I would much like
to have the real name. In gathering huge clus-
ters this A. M., I met a native, and asked him the
name. He replied. Possum-fruit — meaning an
opossum — a wild four-footed native here, which is
much relished by Southerners, dressed as a three-
months' old pig or shoat is, stuffed and roasted
whole, served with sugary-backed sweet potatoes.
Our beautiful South land is rich, bountifully so, in
native plants ; vines, tubers, bulbs and shrubbery
amongst them. Azaleas and Rhododendrons, that
fairly rival the exotic ones, in buff, white and rose;
Gelsemium sempervirens (Carolina Yellow Jas-
mine), that puts to the blush the highly-lauded and
overrated Clematis; Yucca filamentosa (or pen-
dula) in June, with clusters of flowers, stalk full 4
feet high, with hundreds of its creamy white tulip-
shaped, fragrant blossoms loading the air with a
subtle perfume. No wonder Southerners are indo-
lent. Our flower-perfumed atmosphere is enough
to intoxicate one, as hashish does the Oriental. I
love to write of this beauteous South, where my
home is, and where my grave I hope will be.

Spartansburg, South Carolina.
[The common name of this plant in the South

m^

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[Ausust,

is "Ried Osier,' .. ^.^Itl« win coinend tlnft it may be ant^dpat<Mi. Would he su^iect that it was

fe « pity oaer is not wholly b^ lor willows. B«t * lix-ing orjanasiw working « it in its own special

if ** msst haxTe popular names, we must t»ke what -^ :■ ' ■ " ' ■ <rfulness to acconiptish decoiniM^tion —

tihe people ^ive us. jlusi so some wiU aj^ue that • e liife action — rt»e santc in n>ethod that

t>. - - : a Jasmine, Of the Tulip -' a liWcss team, an

p. _ . -.em all to a quality

ranically itis > the earth? Surely the

C.;:..-; .- -.. ■ :: .lit, and hence ^ ^ . .. ation would begone went

is often called in nurseries White-fruited Dogwood, there no provisjon in the creative wisdom whereby

It is not safe to call it Red Dogwood, because there .■ ' and x-egetuble matter, or the debris

are a number of Dogwoods widt red twigs. Comus ^inerally, could undergo transmuta*

9»vcea has pcd twigs, and so has the European ; - ->Ayanvi be again utilircd. In a

sjiecies, Cism'js sai^guinea, which is usuaUy called . - . :~Aper l"»r. Wall lucidly defines

Ergr.sh I>ogwood in nurseries. th;s iv.nt by stating that "sonie of the tertnents

The great beauty of the Red Oater in landscape • ■ • ••■••• s nd decay i n dead organic sub-

gaidening is well known, and it is v«ry popular ~ ■ .xing the orig-nal coutponents

wi^ the prcfessaon for making ornamental mnter c; :;;;*; :,i*..i ^ - .^organic c<»n-

groaps Ed, G. M.J r^i-v-d? si^r r-,-> : - - . :he\- may again

■ piant utie and again started on the

- .^...-.x life; and it is only when these fer-

FiKXCEKTIVE ACTniTY AS AN IMPORT, ^ents overiep the intended boundary mark and

ANT FACTOR IN THE ECONOMY OP THE ^^^^j. jj^; p,^^, ^ ^i^^ di;ecilv or te-

^^^ motelv usefiil to man, or even man himself, that

sr wiiii-«i CREED. j^j. become injurio«s.".

It is not usual in writing a seiies of papers to From the foregoing indicationsit may be well to
do9e with what should have been more properly the d«nonstrate a few (acts as touching the case of
tiutiative ; but diis having lui{^ened more diiough dttse to whom tlus paper is addressed, and where-
acddem dian intention I trust it will be overlooked, by tlus fermentive life may be known and invesCK
specially if any suis&ction should be gleaned gated, remembering first that the decomposing
from the continuance of a subject that is daily at- induence mentioned above is Gram a specific germ
tractii^ tbe attention ol some of the best intellects which always produces the same elrfects and dis-
oi the pre:9ent age, and of as much impottance to tinguished as " bacterium termo ;" and in contrast
the nurseryman, honicaltunst, gaidener, farmer, with this let us turn to one of alcoholic notoriety
Tinyardist and others interested in land culture of and cla^fied as " torula cerevisix," which also
w^tever name, as it is to tibe medical student, who invariably brings forth the identical i«sult. The
is ptofe^aonally led to inquire into and study out activity of this germ depends upon coming in con-
lAe various phases of fennentaiioa as it afiects the tact with "■ sugar," which it decomposes, and alco-
haman race in place of that of the vegetable king- hoi is one of the resultant effects. The vinyardist
dam. It has thus occurred to me that the readers may in diis case be selecied to illustrate in a prac-
of the Gardekejrs' Monthlv should be occaaon- tical way the results produced tiom dw presence
aUy leminded of those infiniteamal brings mat of various ferments, which are not only attached
float in d>e air we breathe and have an immediate to the grape on its outer surface ; but there are
bearing upon the {woblems that accompany sue- aanieious odiers on the ^mi wcv, and are ready to
cess or disappointment in the callings above indi- act their part immediately upon penetrating the skin
cated, as well as no small portion of the world at and expressing the juice. Pasteur, the great es*
iiige. perimencaiist, has proved that it is not by the •• in-

Tbe study of femrentive life is eme of primary tenor" of the fruit coming in contact with •• pure "
importance, and yet we are well along in the nine- air that it acquires the power to ferment ; but it is
teenth centurj- bef<H« discovering any trustworthy the adherent particles or germs on the exterior
knowledce or guidance in this direction. If I were that produce the fermentive accompaniment, and
to query- any cultivator of the soil concerning his " turned " wine is traceable to this origin. Seek
straw heap <»• manure hill as to what broi^ht out the cause of "iMtter" wines; agun you have
either to a desired condition so that it could be the surface of the grape to demonstrate the
successfiiUy appfied to his land, a vague answer specialty ; as also the so-called acid, sharp, sour.

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

247

greasy and other wi'nc». Pasteur'i remedy for all

thc!>e difficulties is " heat " whereby the germs are
all destroyed, and by this means a perfectly limpid
and laMing wine is vjcured.

The fruit-groivcr and propagator, like the wine-
maker, have many perplexing questions to contend
with, and as yet but partly soltred, and probably
no small part of these originate from fermentive
contact. If I seek for a definition of pear, apple
or quince blight, we find no one quite positive as
to its origin. It certainly would not be unreason-
able to attribute it to fermentive life — a leavening
of the sap by absorption from without, by means
of some parasitic contiguity. At any rate this has
been my opinion for years, and so published it in
the Fruit Recorder 'A'i far back as November, 1877,
and thus offering a new field for the scientist to
work upon and giving an opportunity to the am-
bitious to attain fame by the study of micro-botany
in clearing up the doubts of a very prevalent tree
disease.

The gardener, of course, has difficulties in germ
life, and especially in unhealthy seasons; but, so
far as many vegetables are concerned the process
of cooking destroys all vitality ; while those that are
consumed uncooked usually undergo a thorough
ablution in water, and in this way removing any
predominating germ influence upon the consumer.
It is in the decomposition of vegetables from causes
previously mentioned that the vegetarian need be
cautioned, and not when plucked fresh from the
field or garden of the grower.

The farmer may have his attention called, inde-
pendent of germ influence upon the straw stack, to
several important items with which he is largely
interested. Milk is a prominent one, and is influ-
enced in many ways by germ ferments, and there
are at least a dozen organisms changing the con-
dition of milk. One will gelatinize or coagulate
milk, another absorb the sugar of milk and con-
vert it into lactic acid, and these in turn can be
changed by impregnating with other germs. Milk
is also often turned blue by a special ferment, and
when once this blue visitor appears, it is difficult
to extirpate it. The cholera bacillus is also at
home and thrives in milk, but can be readily de-
stroyed by heat. Cider and vinegar are also af-
fected with surrounding germ influence, and may
be good or bad according to circumstances. Pas-
teur has demonstrated also the fact that flies influ-
ence the spreading of certain ferments, and are to
be found in all places where vegetable matter is
turning sour, and with their feet and probosces
transport the seed by the million. He says : " In

vinegar, in wine ',,■ ,,.^.:.. ■■'■' 'everywhere
around us, in our towns, in •• 'aere exists

the little plant, mycoderma aceit , a/jd adds that
it is only nece'isary to put wine or vinegar into a
warm place and the fli':^ at once appear and dis-
tribute the seed ad infinitum.

That flies have a legitimate errand to perform in
many ways will not be disputed ; yet under certain
well defined laws they can accomplish much mis-
chief when having ' . to ferm';ntable mat-
ter, by spreading '. I'he foliage of trees
suffers materially frcrm this cause, by implantirig a
foreign nucleus upon its surface, which in time per-
meates the whole texture of a leaf to its destruction,
and prematurely influencing the proper ripening
of the fruit. This is especially noticeable among
plum and peach foliage.

In conclusion I would ask: What is human di-
gestion but a series of ferments, healthful or other-
wise, and characterized by surrounding con-
ditions, and in this way establishing a condnutty
of fermentive influence, link by link, from the low-
est animal or vegetable organism to that of man,
the noblest work of the Creation, and opening up
a field of study of great interest and worthy of con-
tinual investigation ?

5<j Gregory Street, Rochester, N. Y.

[We are glad to have these very suggestive and
profitable themes kept before our readers. On the
solution of many of these problems innumerable
practices of immense concern to the human race
depend. At the same time it mtist be remembered
that immense losses occur to communities from
practicing on half-learned problems. By way of
illustration : The city of Philadelphia has a hosfrital
for contagious diseases. The phyncian in attend-
ance bad $1 500 a year. The " Baccilians " of the
" Comma " persuasion so thoroughly frightened
the city, that his salary last January was raised to
$2000, because he would have his hands full of
cholera patients. Here we are on the first of Au-
gust not only without cholera, but with one of the
healthiest seasons known for a long time ; so much
so, that at no time has this hard-worked physician
had more than six patients in the hospital at one
time. Worse than all, it has recently been dis-
covered that the " Comma Badllus," in the germ
state, is always present here. It has not to be in-
troduced. We take it in with every breath, — and
it requires some pecul ar condition of the atmos-
phere or of the human system to make it sprout
into virulence. In its usual state of vital power
the digestive or pulmonary system can take in and
destroy all these ferment fungi. No one need

248

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

dread them in the least. We may drink them, or
we may eat them, or inhale them ; vegetarians,
flesh eaters, wine or water drinkers ; and they will
not harm us, unless vital power is too weak to
kill them. The ferment fungus — yeast — will
worry the wet flour considerably in bread making,
because the flour is no longer a living thing. It
would have hard work to excite the growing grain.
In all these chemical discussions, the sustaining
and protective power of life is overlooked. There
is a physiological as well as chemical side to all
these questions. — Ed. G. M.]

ZEPHYRANTHES ATAMASCO.
BY MRS. J. S. R. THOMSON.

Whilst on my daily visits to my beds of these
fairy lihes, I was astonished to find specimens that
had four calyxes and four corollas instead of the
regular number, three, and have taken them up —
and carefully put in a box — and by advice kindly
given me by Prof. Sereno Watson, Harvard
University, Mass., I am going to attempt the —
to me — difficult task of making it a permanent
variety. I find eight or ten plump seed pods now,
and would be very grateful for any hints as to the
proper mode of procedure, either from the Editor
or others. This bulb is the most wondrous seeding
variety I have ever met, scarcely a flower fails to
make its seed pod, and I propose saving in quan-
tities and seeing if " Improved Zephyranthes Ata-
masco " also cannot be had by raising from seed ;
as a florist claims that he has improved Zephyran-
thes Treatae. (Mr. Watson says, " we have no
real Amaryllis native here.") I have just examined
these seed pods, and one is four-celled instead of
three ; all the rest are three-celled, and I would
reason it out that the four-celled will be the one to
set my double variety.

[All the early botanists made this plant an Ama-
ryllis, but as the knowledge of plants extended a
new genus was made out of the old, and thus we
have Zephyranthes. Amaryllis, it may be remem-
bered in classical story, fled from Zephyrus ; and
it seems too bad that after the many thousands of
years since the gods dwelt on Mount Olympus, that
Zephyrus should get Amaryllis after all. The seed
ought to grow easily, in your soil and climate, in
sandy soil, sown at once. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

On the Disappear.wce of Pith in the Wood
OF Plants. — Some years ago Mr. Thomas .Meehan

called the attention of the Bofanical Section of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia to
the curious fact that when trees of Elder, Paulow-
nia, and other trees that had a very large pith in
the young shoots, had comparatively little or none
when the young shoot became an old trunk or
branch. Wood had evidently been forming in
the center of the tree occupying the place of the
older pith.

Dr. J. T. Rothrock, at the meeting of the Botani-
cal Section held February 9, called attention to
the internal cambium ring in the stem of Gelsemium
sempervirens. It might well be designated as the
inner cambium. His attention was attracted by
the fact that in a stem of three-eighths of an inch
diameter, the pith was actually less in diameter
than in a twig of a quarter the size of the stem.
Microscopic examination showed that in the larger
stem there were ordinarily four or more points, at
which a well-defined swelling curved inward from
the circumference of what should have been the
pith-cavity. These swellings resolved themselves
when closely examined into :

1. Toward the center an imperfectly defined
membrane, resembling cuticle, which was not
always present.

2. One or more rows of large cells like the
parenchyma we find under the epidermal layer.

3. Several poorly defined layers of smaller cells,
such as often mark the limits of growth in bark.

4. The frequent presence of bast fibres or of
sclerenchyma cells.

5. An evident layer of thin-walled, square cells,
closely resembling, though somewhat smaller than
those of the external cambium. They showed
signs of division, which indicated that they were
still a living tissue.

These facts explained at once why the pith was
constantly being encroached upon until it at length
almost disappeared. The medullary rays dipped
down through, and widened out, in this inner cam-
bium, inwardly, just as they did outwardly, in the
usual form of cambium layer. He also remarked
that bast fibres had long been known to exist in
the pith of Tecoma radicans, and in this case
something like an inner cambium would be found,
though it is more obscure. Sambucus Canadensis
also exhibited in the very large stems a smaller
pith than in those of moderate size. In this there
was nothing comparable to the inner cambium.
He also remarked that for the past two winters his
I attention had been called to the presence of con-
siderable quantities of chlorophyll in the pith of
Lycium vulgare. This was not confined to the

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

249

smallest stems, but was found also in those of over
a quarter of an inch in diameter, and where of
course a considerable belt of hard wood was found
between the pith and the outer zone, where chloro-
phyll is expected. It was also observed in Lycium
that the chlorophyll was not in the form of bodies
but diffused in character, as it is said to be in some
infusorians. In Lycium the cells of the pith
showed, in winter, abundance of protoplasm which
had the nucleus on one side and very striking
bands extending thence across the cell to the
further side.

The Wild Fruits of Colorado. — A lady,
Marion Muir, contributes to I'icks' Monthly some
very interesting facts regarding the wild fruits of
Colorado, less valuable than they might be, because
one can scarcely know what is referred to in conse-
quence of the want of botanical names. These
we will endeavor from the descriptions to supply.
Plums do not ascend the mountains, but hug their
bases from the plains ; it is probably the same as
the Beach plum of the East, Prunus maritima,
which the Editor has gathered in that region.
The choke cherry is not the one of that name in
the East, Prunus Virginiana, but Prunus demissa.
It is worthy of note that the Editor has seen this
in this mountain region as fully covered with the
plum knot as in the species common in the East.

There are three kinds of wild currants — red,
yellow, and black, she says. The wild mulberry
is not Rubus odoratus, as she says, but Rubus
deliciosus. The fruit is insipid, but "eaten by
children and Indians." "The squaws used to
gather all kinds of wild fruits, pound them up with
a flat stone, and dry them in cakes in the sun."
The Poison currant, loaded in July with scarlet
berries, sweet and pleasant but with a bitter skin,
causes drowsiness and nausea but no fatal results,
is, probably, the aromatic Rhus, Rhus aromatica.
The small red cherry found in the mountain
gulches, is, doubtless, Cerasus pumila — the Sand
cherry of the East — and which we have had even
from the Wahsatch range. The " wild grapes,
Mustang grapes, are above the water courses,
small, acid, puckerish fruit, often in heavy clus-
ters," is the Vitis Arizonica of Engelmann. The
Oregon grape, Berberis aquifolium, is the variety
repens, and " is used for cooking by some house-
keepers."

Drinking Water, and Cess-pool Nui-
sances.— The nitrogenous matters in bad water
are just what plants like to feed on. Plants in
streams tend to purify the water, and the roots

of trees around cesspools feed on matter that
might, but for them, get into the wells of drinking
water near by. A weeping willow near out-
buildings, has a rhuch mightier influence for good
on the health of those in the vicinity, than by the
mere shade which it affords. In all the worry
about drinking water which the mere chemist
makes, the public forgets to take counsel of the
biologist. Nature has so nicely balanced her
ominiscient forces, that though the chemist can
show us that we are everlastingly in danger of
destruction, the physiologist knows that she is
only in fun ; and that though she dangles us over
the abyss with one hand, she takes care to catch
us with the other.

A Water Plant Catching Fish. — The blad-
ders of the curious water weed— Utricularia — still
occupy the attention of the curious in the Old
World. The fact that these bladders caught living
things was first observed in this country by Mrs.
Mary Treat, of Vineland, N. J. ; but the fact does
not seem to have attracted the same wonderment
in America as in the Old World, where it is a con-
tinuous topic with newspaper writers. The blad-
ders are very small, not much larger than small
bird shot, and when the magazmes which love to
put the sensational into scientific topics talk about
the plant being a dangerous enemy to the fish
culturist, we have to make all due allowances.
Very small fish are caught, and larger ones, as
Professor Mosely says, held by the tail till they
die ; but these unfortunates will be but a small
portion of those that would be caught and eaten
by the larger fish. Very few of the immense
number spawned reach maturity, plentiful though
the stock may seem to the fisherman. For what
purpose the bladders catch the animalculae and
minute creatures is not known, if, indeed, there is
any special purpose of this kind. Professor
Mosely says that it has not been found that there
is any digestive operation going on, as it is be-
lieved there is in some of the carnivorous plants,
more properly so called. — Independent.

Early Botany in Philadelphia. — Bartram
began his garden in 1728. Peter Kalm, for whom
the Kalmia was named, settled in Philadelphia in
1748. Dr. Adam Kuhn, the first Professor of
Botany in America, and for whom is named the
Kuhnia, settled in Philadelphia in 1768. In 1773,
Humphrey Marshall, commemorated in the Mar-
shallia, and the author of the first botanical work
in America, commenced his botanic garden at Mar-
shallton.

250

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

Fertile Hybrids. — After the full account of
the want of sterihty in hybrids, which appeared in
the Independent some months ago, nothing fur-
ther is, perhaps, deemed necessary ; and yet it
may be useful to place on record any remarkable
cases as they arise. It was stated in that account,
that among gesneraceous plants, our conserva-
tories teemed with cases of fertile hybrids, not only
between very distinct species, but also between
genera. Another very striking illustration of this
has recently been introduced, the work of a Ger-
man florist. It is a hybrid between Gesneria
Donckelaari, and one of the common greenhouse
gloxinias. It will not, for an instant, be contended,
that, under the strictest idea of genera, these are
not wholly distinct. But the genera have not
only been made to unite, but the hybrid produces
seeds freely, and seedlings reproduce the hybrid
parent exactly. The florists have named it Glox-
inia gesneroides ; and the fertile seed is put into
the market as a regular item of commerce. |
Cases like these present considerations the strongest
scientific man may well hesitate to grapple with.
First, the idea of genera as something distinct
from species becomes confused. The florists have
turned the plant into Gloxinia ; but it would be
difficult to say just how much is Gloxinia, and how
much Gesneria. Second, there is no more reason
why a plant of a Gloxinia, in a state of nature,
may not get the pollen of a Gesneria through the
agency of an insect, or some accident. If the
seed get the chance to grow, we have such a hy-
brid as this. If the hybrid get the chance to raise
its seeds, and the seedlings proved as constant as
these have so far proved, we have in nature a very
distinct species that did not exist before — a new
species originated by hybridization. It is not only
not impossible, but highly probable, that such in-
stances have occurred, because everything is favor-
able for just such a conjunction of circumstances.
It is perfectly safe to conclude not only that there
is a continual creation of species, but that hybridi-
zation is one of the agencies through which the
new forms are introduced. — Independent .

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Hybrid Between Rose Geranium .\nd Pelar-
GONIU.M. — Mr. Ernest Walker, New Albany, Ind.,
writes: "In the manuscript of my article "A
Hybrid Between the Rose Geranium and Pelar-
gonium," page 199 July number Gardeners'

Monthly, I indicated the cross — Rose Geranium
X Zonale Wonderful, and Rose Geranium X
Pelargonium Lady Washington, which it seems
the printer did not understand, and for fear others
may not understand the printer permit me to ex-
plain. I meant. Rose Geranium crossed by Zonale
Wonderful, Rose Geranium crossed by Pelargonium
Lady Washington."

Self-Fertilization in the Fig.— "F. B.,"
Stockton, California, writes : " So much is said
about the necessity of cross-fertilization in flowers,
I wonder how the fig manages, that has no open
flowers at all. Surely insects can bring no pollen
here."

But those who argue for the necessity of cross-
fertilization do not hold that flowers never fertilize
without foreign pollen. They only hold that in
some way they have not however explained, cross-
fertilization "must be" a benefit. And then they
hold that some flowers would never be fertilized
at all, but for this extraneous aid, which is true also.
It is very difficult for many flowers to receive their
own pollen, and it is on this account that some
value has been assumed for cross-fertilization. If,
as our correspondent has the idea, it really were a
belief that plants must have foreign pollen to bear
fruit at all, or to be in anyway dependent on insect
or other agencies for poUenization, the fig would
certainly be a good illustration of the fallacy ; for
the male flowers near the apex of the fruit discharge
abundance of pollen which, falling on the female
flowers at the base, furnish all the pollen they re-
quire, and indeed every Cahfornian knows that he
has abundance of fruit without insect agency.
Centuries ago it was thought that a small fly had an
influence on getting a full crop, and they used to
bring the flowers of the wild fig in which the insects
were numerous to the flowers of the cultivated fig,
and called the process caprincation. They found
trees that would bear perhaps only twenty-five
pounds, would yield perhaps 300 pounds by this
care. But this practice had no reference to poUen-
ization.

They thought the figs did not set because the
vigor of the tree was unfavorable to fruitfulness,
and they thought the puncture of the fly aided
fruitfulness by giving vegetative vigor a check;
and they were probably right. Gardeners to this
day are well aware of this principle. Not only
will the puncture of an insect hasten the maturity
of a fruit ; but we have to ring, transplant, prune,
freeze, or otherwise maltreat an over vigorous
plant, to get it to bear at all.

I88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

251

Literature. Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

OUR LADY'S GARDEN.
BY R. A. OAKES.

In his letter to Apollinaris, Pliny the younger
gives us a charming description of the garden
surrounding his villa in Tuscany. From it we
derive nearly all the knowledge we have of the
Roman viridarium. We see " the trees topiaried
in every conceivable form, the tall planes enjoying
a borrowed verdure from the ivies twining around
their trunks, and in their inner walks we are
greeted with the perfume of roses." For the next
fifteen centuries we get unsatisfactory glimpses of
rural occupation, either in field or garden. In
mediaeval romances the garden is frequently
painted — but always as the background for tender
lovers, or for social intercourse and out-door re-
creations. Birds innumerable flit to and fro in
these pleasure grounds, flowers burgeon and scent
the air, and fountains throw their sparkling waters
in the sunshine. In the " Roman de la Rose" one
of the most famous of these gardens is described.
Chaucer never tires of dwelling on the " beautt^ of
the gardyn." But beyond the songs of birds and
the scent of flowers, we know little of these earthly
Paradises.

During the long night following the extinction
of Roman civilization, agriculture could success-
fully be pursued only on lands belonging to mon-
asteries. The husbandman who sowed could
never be sure of reaping the harvest, and the con-
dition of the adscripti gleboe was one of unmitigated
misery. The nobility and the abbots united in
laying extreme burdens upon him, though the
latter did not disdain to share his burdens.
Gervaise tells us that Thomas u Becket, even after
he was Archbishop of Canterbury, used to go into
the fields with the monks, and assist them in
making hay and reaping grain ; and from Bede
we learn that Easterwin, abbot of Weremouth,
guided the plow, winnowed grain, and forged in-
struments of husbandry on the anvil.

In his monogram on "English Plant Names,"

Professor Earle discovers traces of an old ac-
quaintance with latin herb lore, and from it infers
that the knowledge of Roman botany and medicine
came into England with the Roman missionaries,
and formed a natural accompaniment to their
religious instruction. During the earlier centuries,
the knowledge of the therapeutics was confined
almost wholly to the monks ; and in the capacity
of surgeons they attended the Crusaders in their
attempts to rescue the Holy Land from the hands
of the infidels. To prayer, holy water, pilgrim-
ages, touching of relics and other faith cures, they
added a knowledge of the medicinal properties of
plants. But while the flowers of the field entered
into the monkish materia medica, the Fathers
made strenuous efforts to keep them from en-
tering into the religious worship of the Church.

In the ceremonial worship of the gods, flowers
and trees, from remotest times, have played a
prominent part. In the epopee of Izdhubar, Ea-
bani consulted trees for oracles. From the
Bundahis we learn " that every single flower is
appropriate to an angel ;" that '• the myrtle and
jasmine are .Auharmazd's own." Flowers strew
the pages of the Hindu epics ; the Greeks and
Romans used ihem profusely as religious offerings,
while to the Scandinavian gods whole parterres
of bloom were dictated. From their universal use
in pagan worship, the Fathers forbade their en-
tering into the service of Christ. St. Ambrose, in
his funeral oration on Valentinian, says : " I will
not sprinkle his grave with flowers, but pour into
his spirit the odor of Christ." Tertullian says
"that a Christian should rather suffer martyrdom
than wear a garland," and in his work " De Idola-
tria," he " calls on the name of God to witness
that he knew a person who had been grievously
chastised in a vision, because a servant, though
without his knowledge ; had crowned his door
with flowers on a day of pubUc joy." Clement of
Alexandria tells us that is " not suitable to fill the
wanton hair with rose leaves, or violets, or lilies,
or other such blossoms."

But the instinctive love of flowers was too
strong for priestly interdiction, and they soon took
their appropriate place in religious observance.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

There still exists a plan of the garden of the
monastery of St. Gall, in which the parterres are
marked, and the flowers to be cultivated desig-
nated in each. Long after the destruction of the
sacristy, the flower garden, adjoining the Lady
Chapel at Winchester, went by the name of Para-
dise; and, in the will of Henry VI, particular
directions are left for the cultivation of " certaine
trees and flowers behovable and convenient for
the service of the church " of Eton College.

Montalembert has drawn charming pictures of
the serene beauty and tranquility of these monkish
gardens, frequently set in the midst of untamed
woods and mountains, and commanding nearly
always the view of sparking waters in river
or lake. The Benedictines and Cistercians were
pre-eminently the gardeners of the middle ages;
and to them are we indebted for the preservation
of many of the old-time floral favorites— anemones
and flowering almonds, marigold and wall flower,
and many others equally dear, brought, long ago,
by pilgrim monks from distant Syria. Even if there
were no records of monkish gardens, the saintly
names given to herbs and flowers would be all-
sufficient proof of monkish gardens. The angelica
— in old German called root of the Holy Ghost —
Grimm tells us was revealed in a dream. Du
Bartas calls it the "happy counterbane, sent down
from Heaven by some celestial scout." The Lap-
landers crowned their poets with it, believing it en-
dowed them with a divine afflatus. The Lamium
album, from its heavenly virtues, was, Parkinson
tells us, called archangel ; the Geum urbarium,
herb benedict, because the Devil could not endure
its presence ; and, from the legend that it stanched
the blood of the Saviour in His last agony, the
Verbena officinalis was called herb of the cross.
The Scabiosa succisa received the popular name
of Devil's bit, because when deprived by the
Vir^n Mary of his power to use the root for evil,
in spite he bit off the end, and it has never grown
again. — In Independent.

THE \A/ORD, SHAMROCK.
BY W. R. GERARD.

In answer to a query as to the meaning of the
work "Shamrock" (page 22 r, Gardeners' Month-
ly), I would say that it is from the Irish, seamrog
(Gaelic, seamrag), a diminutive of seam, "mild,"
"gentle," and might be translated "little gentle
one."

In Ireland, Trifolium repcns and Oxalis aceto-
sella are often confounded under the same name.

but seamar bhan, "the fair gentle one," is invaria-
ble for the Trifolium.

[In the editorial note (page 221), it reads, "It
was not long after the event is believed to have
occurred that it was made public and celebrated."
The word " not, ' was an unintentional slip; as it
was long after that the event became celebrated.

From our correspondent's note it would seem
that the Trifolium, white clover, is most likely to be
the true shamrock of the Irish people. The only
error will be in assuming that St. Patrick con-
verted the pagan with the shamrock or clover.
If with anything it must have been with the Oxalis,
which is probably not the original shamrock.

Another interesting deduction is, that if the
white clover be the shamrock, the universal use of
the plant in connection with the legend of St.
Patrick would seem to show, that the celebration
of the event in this way, must have begun long
after the Saint had converted the chief; and not
until the introduction of the white clover to Ireland.
—Ed. G. M.]

FLORAL NOTES FROM WASHINGTON.

BY M. H. LESTER.

I expect you will be surprised to hear from me
under the above heading ; but I have not felt so
well for some time past, and thought I would try
some place where the thermometer does not aver-
age so high as at New Orleans, and the mosquitoes
are not so large and numerous.

I consider this a very beautiful city to live in.
I had almost said to die in — but I trust I shall not
put it to any such test yet awhile.

The plants in the Capitol grounds have almost
grown out of my memory in three years. A very
interesting day could be spent there by anyone
loving arboriculture, particularly for ornamental
purposes.

I have never seen the grounds around the Agri-
cultural Department look so well. Several im-
provements have been perfected since I was here
last, and others are under way.

Congratulations are pouring in from all quarters
on the worthy Superintendent of the Botanic Gar-
dens, W. R. Smith, on his convalescence from his
recent severe illness — which, of course, all his
friends will be delighted to hear.

1 notice in the Orchid house some pretty things
in bloom. Cypripedium Laurencianum, C. ciliare,
C. superbiens and others ; Oncidium sarcodes,
and O. hastata ; Dendrobium tortile roseum, D.
moschatum, Caitleya Gaskelliana, Maxillaria gra-

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

253

minia. A fine piece of Epidendrum Odoratissimum,
with seven spikes, that perfumed the whole house ;
V'anda suavis, Vanda tricolor formosa, and Vanda
teres — two good pieces.

Some fine specimen plants, particularly Palms
in tubs, are standing outside the grounds for the
summer. This is a good way. One can see
them so much better than when crowded together
in the house. And how they seem to enjoy a
shower!

NAMES, WISE AND OTHERWISE.
BY MRS. FANNY E. BRIGGS.

I feel sympathy for the correspondent who is
seeking light on that list of outlandish names given
on page 155, May number. I think, that the
"Sheep's Horns" is Martynia proboscidia, also
called "Devil's Hooks." "Aaron's beard" is, I think,
a white drooping spiraa, but cannot give specific
name. The "Sun-dial plant" inquired for some
time ago, is no doubt the garden Lupine which is
often called by that name, also " Old man's face "
and "Monkey face," from the grotesque face on
the seeds. My school-mates used to vex my soul
by calling Spring Beauties, (Claytonia) " Puppy's
foot flowers " from the form of the root. A lady
once wrote to exchange plants, offering among
other things, " Proud Lucifer, white and blue ;"
which proved to be common Iris, her name of
course a corruption of Flower de luce. My first
introduction to Gladioluses was as "Gladnesses,"
and I knew an old lady in Iowa who called them
"Olluses," and the beautiful Calystegia, "Cast
Ages," and I think enjoyed them even with these
barbarous names.

The pretty rose, " York and Lancaster," des-
cribed in a late Gardeners' Monthly is abundant
here, and known as the "Calico Rose." I am
much obliged to Mrs. Thomson for giving us its
pretty and romantic name.

in olden times been used for making long bows,
the archer esteeming them next to those of the
yew for that purpose. Clinton Place, New York.

THE WITCH HAZEL.
. BY W. R. GERARD.

In a quotation from Mr. L. H. Bailey's book (on
page 220) it is intimated that the name wych-hazel
(or witch-hazel or elm) for Ulmus montana is
due to the wood having in olden times been used
in the construction of wyches or chests. That is
Dr. Prior's explanation of it. The Old English
wyche, wiche, is from A. S. VVice, from wicen, pp.
of wican "to bend" (whence also wicker). The
name alludes either to the branches of the tree
being pendulous, or, more probably, to their having

EDITORIAL NOTES.

To Intelligent Correspondents. — All com-
munications relating to advertisements, subscrip-
tions, or other business, must be addressed to the
publisher, S14 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

All referring to the reading matter of the
magazine must be mailed to the editor, Ger-
mantown, Pa.

No express packages for the editor received un-
less prepaid ; and marked " Paid through to Ger-
mantown. Pa."

Purchaser's Risk. — A question of great interest
to agricultural and horticultural pursuits was re-
cently decided by the Supreme Court of Penn-
sylvania, Justice Gordon giving the opinion of the
court. A Pennsylvanian bought from a firm in
Dubuque 140 tierces of pork. The purchaser
received, opened, and thought it good ; but a week
or so afterwards found the whole unfit for sale.
There could be no doubt but the seeds of decay
were in the pork before it was sold by the Dubuque
firm. The court of Common Pleas, No. 3, of Phila-
delphia decided that a man ordering pork expected
to get good pork ; as this was not actually good
pork, the seller must return the money paid. The
Supreme Court sets aside this decision. There
was no warranty, it says, for good pork. The only
question involved is, was it salable ? That it was
salable is proved by the fact that the buyer
accepted it, and discovered nothing the matter
with it for some time. The buyer had as good a
chance to see whether tjhere was anything the
matter with it as the seller. Unless there was a
distinct warranty given that it was perfectly sound,
it is the purchaser's risk. That he expected sound
meat, had nothing to do with the question. The
decision of the lower court was reversed and the
buyer lost his case.

Honors to M. Rodigas. — European govern-
ments delight to honor horticultural editors. The
Spanish government has made our Belgian Col-
league a Knight of the Royal Order of Isabella
the Catholic.

Jay Gould's Conservatories at Irvington

. on the Hudson, N. Y. — A correspondent of the

Country Gentleman notes that there is a large

orchid house, and fifteen houses in the whole

254

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

" Conservatory range." There are four vineries,
three of them with peaches on the back walls. A
palm house has 320 species of palms. The first
cutting of hot-house grapes was about the end of
June. Peaches were ripe in the early part of June.
Peaches have not been found to do as well for
forcing on plum as on their own stocks. There
are separate houses for camellias, roses, ferns, and
geraniums. Mr. Mangold is the gardener in
charge.

The Greenhouses of Dennison Brothers,
OF Phil.-^delphia. — Mr. J. Wooding notes as
showing what intelligent industry will accomplish,
that only twelve years ago, the head of the firm
located at Belmont avenue, near the city line, with
only capital enough to build two small green- j
houses. Now they have twelve, three of
which are 1 50 feet long. These are devoted to
winter roses — Mermets, Perles, Niphetos, and Duke
of Connaught — but a leading specialty is the
growing of pot plants for dealers. One house was
wholly devoted to Heliotrope. Another had over
a thousand Fuchsias in 6-inch pots, and when
coming into flower was a lovely sight to see. In
one house were Verbenas, estimated to be over
ten thousand, and, also just at the blooming point,
presented a picture of great loveliness, unsurpassed
perhaps, by any floral sight of the season. Ger-
aniums and bedding plants are also sold in im-
mense numbers ; and in spite of the general feeling
with florists that there is nothing in bedding
plants, at modern prices, these enterprising young
men find satisfactory encouragement, and propose
to largely extend their works.

A Good Gardener at Liberty. — We under-
stand that in consequence of some contemplated
change in Dr. Richardson's place at New Orleans,
Mr. M. H. Lester, his former gardener will come
North if a suitable situation offers. His lively
contributions to the Gardeners' Monthly indi-
cate a rare lover of his profession, and we trust he
will soon get an engagement suited to his tastes
and his intelligence. As we understand, he has
Dr. R's cordial good wishes in the change he con-
templates.

Dr. Franklin B. Hough. — Science, especially
botany and forestry, has lost an illustrious worker in
Dr. Franklin B. Hough, who died at his residence
in Lowville, New York, on the 9th of June, in his
63d year— he being born at Martinsburg in Lewis
County, New York, on the 20th of July, 1822. He
practiced medicine in Somerville from 1838 to

1842, and continued to cultivate his natural taste
for literary, historical, and statistical work. In
1847 he published an account of the Flora of
Lewis County, which was so well received by the
botanists of that day, that he received his first
scientific honors soon after by being elected a cor.
respondent of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia; which has been followed since by
his election to some thirty-six other scientific or
literary bodies. His statistical and historical
labors, especially in connection with his own native
State have been enormous.

Dr. Hough, as a member of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science was a
prime mover in the action of that body which did
so much to make the modern phase of forestry a
national question — and when in response to this
movement the National Government undertook
an investigation of the forestry question. Dr. Hough
was placed in charge of the matter under the
supervision of the Department of Agriculture.
His reports in this connection are models of pains-
taking industry in the collection of facts. It was
in just such work that his talent showed to advan-
tage. It was always charming to engage him in
conversation in connection with the history of any
of our common studies. Anecdotes connected
with men and things, with a ready recollection of
dates and incidents, would be freely commucicated
with an easy freshness truly remarkable.

During the winter he was engaged at Albany in
drafting, and watchmg through its various stages,
the Forestry bill which has since become the law
of that State. He still contrived to work on other
literary subjects that were quite enough for one
man's time. It is believed this weakened his
hitherto iron constitution, and brought on an at-
tack of pneumonia about the beginning of April.
After four weeks he seemed well enough to be re-
moved to his home at Lowville, but only eventually
to succumb.

Mr. John Feast.— This eminent florist of Balti-
more died in that city on the 7th of June, in his
85th year. The Gardeners' Monthly has espe-
cial cause to offer a sincere tribute of regret (or
his loss, as he was its earliest friend in that city,
and took an especial pride and interest in extend-
ing its circulation on its first appearance. He was
one of those grand old florists who had a genuine
love of their profession, as much for the desire of
knowledge as for its regular commercial advantages.
In those days when greenhouse plant culture was in
the hey day of fashion, the Feasts were always in

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

255

the advance in the introduction of rare kinds; and
they were also among the most prominent in the
raising of improvements among standard classes of
plants. The Camellia and Azalea were at one time,
just as popular as winter roses now are, and the
Feasts made their mark, especially in the raising
of new varieties of these. Up to the time when the
Camellia lost its place as the leading favorite of
fickle fashion. Camellia Feastii held its ground
to the last. In other classes of plants they were
among the leading improvers, and to this day
Begonia Feastii is still popular and has not been
equalled in its specific line of beauty by any newer
introduction.

He was full of public spirit in connection with
his favorite pursuit, and was the leading spirit in
the formation of the Maryland Horticultural So-
ciety in 1830, which for a time had an immense
influence on horticulture in the vicinity of Balti-
more. In 1874 he was prominent in the re-vivi-
fication of the old body. Like so many of our
leading florists and nurserymen, he was also called
to take a leading part in his city's government.
In 1869 he was elected to the first branch in the
City Councils, and, as chairman of the Committee
on Parks, had much influence in giving that city
its present pre-eminence in beautiful public parks

and gardens. Notwithstanding the regret we must
all feel for the loss of so eminent and so good a
member of our profession, it is a pleasure to feel
that he filled the full measure of usefulness that
can be expected of a human life.

Ch.\rles Turner This distinguished florist

died recently in England. He was well known in
America. Few men did so much to improve
florists' flowers as he did, and a large number of
the best Dahlias, Carnations, Pelargoniums, &c.,
were raised by him. It was the great love of a whole
lifetime with him. He started when fifteen years
of age with a florist named Squibb, and because of
his keen delight and success in business soon came
to be partner in other famous concerns.

The Periodical Cicada.— By Prof. C. V.
Riley. Issued by the Department of .Agriculture.
The best way to learn about anything is to study
when the spirit of inquiry is excited. A timely
paper has therefore a double value. Just now
when we have passed through swarms of seven-
teen year Locusts, is the time to teach what is
known about them, and the community is fortu-
nate in having Prof Riley for a teacher. It is
needless to say that there is little left to know,
after a lesson given by Prof. Riley.

Horticultural Societies.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

American Pomological Society. — The pre-
parations in progress indicate that the meeting at
Grand Rapids, Michigan, commencing September
9th, will be one of the most successful in the his-
tory of the Society. President Wilder has recov-
ered from his recent severe attack of rheumatism,
and will probably be present. Michigan has
appropriated J 1000 to make proper preparations
to receive the body, and Messrs. Garfield, Lyon,
and Beall are making great efforts to render every
thing inviting to visitors. Over twenty topics of
leading interest have already been selected for dis-
cussion, and arrangements will be made to give all
a fair chance to come off as per programme.

Pres. Wilder will show how great has been the in-
fluence the thirty-seven years of work of the Society

on American fruit knowledge and fruit culture— an d
that the usefulness of the Society is for all this
only a beginning to what it will be capable of
doing in the future. The discussions will probably
be opened by Mr. W. C. Barry on new fruits, and
will be followed by Mr. P. Barry on nomenclature,
and Dr. Hexamer will tell what has been the past
and probably will be the future of the strawberry.
If anybody knows what influence immediately
pollen has on fruits, he will be there to tell all
about it in open meeting. A large attendance is
expected from all quarters, Boston probably send-
ing fifteen representatives. These we understand
will urge the meeting in 1887 to be held there, in
view of the fact that Col. Wilder will then formally
lay down the Presidency to some younger man, in
case he should be again re-elected in Grand
Rapids, and still be with us — both of which is the
hope of every lover of Pomology.

2^6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

Botanical Club of the American Associa-
tion FOR THE Advancement of Science. — Hor-
ticulture derives so much aid from botanical
science that whatever passes as botanical merely,
has still an interest for the intelligent horticulturist.
These will be glad to know that the Botanical
Club, formed a few years ago in connection with
the American Association, proved so great a suc-
cess the last year, that its meeting again at Ann
Arbor this season is looked forward to with a great
deal of pleasure.

The majority of Western botanists will be in at-
tendance, including Profs. Real, Bessey, Burrill,
Halsted, Bailey, Jr., Spalding, and many others.
The botanical excursions will be to the Michigan
"catholes," the pine region, and shore of the great
lakes. There will be no lack of opportunity for
the exercise of sociability. Many topics of direct
interest to horticulturists will be discussed, espe-
cially those relating to diseases of plants. The
American Association meets this year at Ann
Arbor, Mich., from August 26th to September ist.

Judges at the Universal Exposition at An-
vers. — The Government of Belgium, under whose
auspices the great international exhibition in
Belgium is being held, kindly honored the Editor
of the Gardeners' Monthly with a position on
the jury in the Department of Horticulture, but
which his desire to remain home this summer
■compelled him to decline.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Prospects of the Forthcoming Meeting of
THE American Pomological Society. — Pro-
fessor Beal writes : " The people of Michigan
are making a good deal of stir about the Ameri-
can Pomological Society which is to hold a
meeting at Grand Rapids, on the 9th, loth,
and nth of September. Every week brings
some news from other States, showing their in-
terest in the greatest meeting of the kind ever
promised in the West. There will be a hall 100 x
100 feet, devoted to exhibits. The evening ad-
dresses will be held in the best opera house. One
of these addresses is on Injurious Insects, by Prof.
A. I. Cook, the other on Parasitic Fungi, by Dr.
C. E. Bessey, of Nebraska. There can be no dan-
ger of crowding at the hotels, the rates of which
will be low. There will be an opportunity after
the meeting, for members interested, to visit several
fruit regions of Michigan as well as the Agricul-

tural College. The topics for discussions are
selected with great care and are such as cannot
fail to interest wide-awake pomologists. An un-
usually long list of able persons have promised to
take part in the proceedings. We expect to see
you, Mr. Editor, and a large number from your
city."

The Work of the American Association
OF Florists.— Mrs. J. S. R. Thomson, Spartans-
burg, S. Carolina, says : " I am very anxious to
be satisfied on several subjects, and woman-like,
don't well know where to begin or where to leave
off.

1st. I would like to know the drift and scope of
the work of the approaching convention of Ameri-
can Florists in Cincinnati in August next.

2d. Are ladies to be admitted as members (by
ladies I mean those that are in the business of
buying and selling florist supplies), either active
or honorary. I have had several circulars sent
me, and notice one or two ladies enrolled. I sent in
an inquiry as to my eligibility for membership,
and have had no reply, and as 1 — and perhaps
others — would like to understand the matter, we
would be glad to have Prof. Meehan tell us all
about it.

3d. I would like to know if they intend to take
up the proper nammg and classification of plants,
as the Narcissus Association did in England, and
made a standard for the correct placing of differ-
ent sections. I was much enlighted by a catalogue
from an Irish firm (kindly sent me by the Editor
of Gardeners' Monthly), by his accepting and
using said rules, and thought how advantageous it
would be to have American florists ruled in the
same way.

I recently received from a very prominent firm
25 bulbs labelled Amaryllis formosisima, and felt
deeply grieved that they were not the bulbs I had
always known as A. formosisima, and think with
Mr. Krelaage (in April Gardeners' Monthly)
that 1 must have had sent me Sprekelias glauca
instead of those 1 desired. 1 admire the ones re-
ceived, but want always to receive a bulb under
its true name.

[So far as we know, women in business as
florists, and there are a considerable number in the
United States, stand before the Association on pre-
cisely the same footing as men. The suggestion
in regard to nomenclature, and the classification
of florists' flowers, is a very useful one, and will no
doubt have due consideration from the Association.
—Ed. G. M.]

THE

GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXVII.

SEPTEMBER, 1885.

Number 321.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

We have become so habituated to rapid work
that many good practices of the slow old times
have become nearly forgotten. , For instance,
trenching ground for trees and flowers is so utterly
neglected that few know even what trenching
means. But trenching provides that the ground
be loosened two feet deep. In such soils flowers
or trees rarely suffer, though they have to go
through a drouth that would tax the memory of
the oldest inhabitant to remember the like. A few,
however, stick to the good old rules for deep
digging, though at some risk of being laughed at.
The longest memory knew nothing equal to the
severe drouth in this part of the world last sum-
mer. Numbers of shrubberies had the plants
destroyed. Few things suffer more m these exi-
gencies than Rhododendrons and similar plants
with hair-like roots, that do not run far below the
surface. But we know a friend in love with the
old fashioned practice, who has his Rhododendron I
bed dug two feet deep, and has the earth mixed
with nearly one-half its bulk with brush wood |
and rubbish, and although this admixture neces-
sarily raised the finished bed far above the sur-
rounding soil so that much water would run oflF,
the plants are in glorious condition today in spite
of the long drouth, though not a drop of artificial
watering was bestowed on them. There is no

doubt that very much of ill success in growing
flowers, shrubs and trees, comes from carelessness
in preparing deep and rich soil. This is particu-
larly the case with herbaceous plants and bulbs.
If one would have these satisfactory, a cool, deep,
and rich soil is indispensable, and we have espe-
cially in our mind Lilies and other bulbs that are
usually set out at this season of the year. Of the
Lily especially, we may say that it is but a waste
of time, money, and good temper to plant them
in ground that dries out easily in summer time.

We would again call the attention of those hav-
ing places of limited extent to the great number
of beautiful shrubs that have been introduced of
late years, and the opportunity they give for a
great variety of beauty in a small place. In some
classes of plants, particularly, so much variety has
been introduced that we might make a collection
of one kind of plant alone, and still have a charm-
ing feature. There are, for instance. Lilacs in
great variety, and of the Japanese Maples,
scores that aftord an immense variety in the
color and form of the leaves, as well as in
habit and general character. The catalogues
of Ellwanger & Barry ; Parsons Sons & Co.;
Saul, and others, give full descriptions of these ;
and the catalogues of any of the larger firms
will well repay a careful consultation for novelties
before deciding what to plant. We annex a cut
of the larger blood-leaved Japan Maple, which

258

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

goes in foreign catalogues, where they love long
Latin names to garden varieties better than we do,
as Acer Japonicum polymorphum atropurpureum,
or sometimes atrosanguineum ; for we beheve there

Acer polymorphum atropurpureum.

is no material difference between the two. There
are other blood-leaved kinds, with cut and other
forms of leaves ; but this, the larger leaved, is one
of the showiest of the whole. Though Maples,
they are all shrubs of moderate growth, and not
trees.

One of the regretful features of gardening is to
feel that the beautiful Geraniums, Coleus and other
plants that have given us so much pleasure and
enjoyment the whole summer, must be left in the
open ground for the frost to kill. But it is seldom
worth while trying to save any, unless we desire a
a few large plants for some special purpose, as
young ones do so much better every way. Sep-
tember is the great propagating month for young
bedding plants.

The best way to propagate all the common
kinds of beddmg plants is, to take a frame or
hand-glass and set it on a bed of very sandy soil
made in a shady place in the open air. The sand
should be fine and sharp, and there is, perhaps,
nothing better than river sand for this purpose.
The glass may be whitewashed on the inside, so
as to afford additional security against injury from
the sun's rays. Into this bed of sand, cuttings of
half ripened wood for the desirable plants may be
set, and after putting in, slightly watered. Even
very rare plants often do better this way than
when under treatment in a regular propagating

house. In making cuttings, it is best to cut the
shoots just under a bud, — they root better, and
are not so likely to rot off and decay. A cutting
' of about three eyes is long enough for most strong
growing things, such as Geraniums, Fuchsias, &c.
Small growing things, of course, will take more
buds to the one cutting. From one to three inches
is, however, long enough for most cuttings. They
should be inserted about one-third of their way
under the sand, which latter should be pressed
firmly against the row of cuttings with a flat piece
of board, — not, however, hard enough to force the
particles of sand into the young and tender bark,
which is often the first step to decay. For a few
cuttings, they may be inserted with a dibble; but
where many are to be put in, it saves time to mark
a line on the sand with rule or straight edge, and
then cut down a face into the sand, say one or two
inches deep, when the cuttings can be set against
the face like box edging. All amateurs should
practice the art of propagating plants. There is
nothing connected with gardening more interesting.

COMMUNICATIONS.

NOTE ON AZALEA MOLLIS, AND RHODO-
DENDRONS.

3Y JOSEPH PERKINS.

In a recent Monthly I noticed the Azalea mollis
referred to as not hardy. I have a bed of this
Azalea containingadozenplants which haveproved
for some half dozen years as hardy as any shrub on
my lawn. After our very unusually destructive win-
ter there was not a bud, flower or leaf, on this en-
tire bed that appeared injured by the winter. The
entire bed was wonderfully beautiful and attracted
great attention from all intelligent visitors. The
flowers are larger and the colors more delicate
than any other hardy Azalea I have seen. The
plants were obtained from Mr. Parsons, Flushing,
and they have never been the least injured by the
winter.

I have a bed of Rhododendrons of all colors,
some fifty feet by fifteen, set some eight or ten
years, which have made a very vigorous growth
and are annually covered with their magnificent
flowers.

Also a bed of Kalmias (angustifolia) nearly as
large, (three varieties,) which seem as much at
home as on their native mountain side.

What gives these beds, to us, especial value and
interest is the fact that, in the smoke of our man-
ufacturing city none of the terebinthine evergreens

i885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

259

can be grown. And these two, with the Mahonia, j
are, in our experience, the only entirely hardy
evergreens which will thrive in our city smoke.
The special thriftiness of our Rhododendron and
Kalmia beds we attribute to the abundant use of
rotten wood as a mulch. It is astonishing how •
soon a mulching of 3 or 4 inches of rotten wood
will be filled with the small white fibrous roots of
these shrubs, and give them vigorous growth. In
our e.\perience, trees and shrubs are often found
to be " not hardy " from being planted in exposed
situations when not in a thoroughly vigorous con-
dition. Our habit for quite a number of years has
been to plant all shrubbery, which has been
transported, in a part of the garden which is well
cultivated and where attention can be conveniently
given them. Here they will prosper, while on the
lawn a majority would either summer die or be
winter killed. After say two years of vigorous
growth in the garden, they can, on a damp day
in spring, be moved to the lawn and seemingly
not know of the change. Cleveland, Ohio.

[We should look on Azalea mollis of equal
hardiness with any species of Azalea. The re-
marks of our correspondent on hardiness in gen- !
eral are very much to the point. Hardiness is
dependent on many things besides frost. Two :
plants of the same variety, side by side, will often
have one taken and the other left during a severe :
winter. Very much depends on constitution, and
constitution often depends on food. A well-fed
plant will get through a hard winter, when a
starved one easily succumbs.

The note on Rhododendron culture is particu-
larly valuable. All experience shows rotten wood
as particularly suited to this tribe. — Ed. G. M.]

DESTRUCTION OF TREES BY COAL GAS.
BV H. F. HILLENMEYER.

The death of trees in cities is frequent and
the stereotyped diagnosis is "gas." That gas
will destroy trees I doubt not. Illuminating gas
is of less specific gravity than air, and if es-
caping under ground should rise through it. It is
not absorbed by water and should not thus be
retained in the soil to the material detriment pf the
trees. Escaping gas in the presence of the entire
root-system of a tree would likely kill it, but the
destruction of part of the roots, or the application
of destructive agents to a part only of the roots of
a tree would not in my observation do further
harm than check the growth in proportion to the
injury sustained.

I have seen many trees perish in the city and
have often wondered that tree-life was at all possi-
ble. With an impervious stone covering, with no
possibility to cultivate or aerate the soil, and with
the continuous application of waste slops contain-
ing all manner of injurious substances, it is, indeed,
wonderful that plant-life is at all possible.

In Lexington I also notice the loss of which
your Louisville correspondent complains. But
the cause of the injury is not due to gas. The
streets have recently been supplied with water
mains and the trees on the sidewalks have been
severely root-pruned. The weather in Kentucky
has recently been extremely hot, and at Louisville
very dry. Here we had abundant rain-falls— nearly
\\]i inches during June and July — but before the
window at which I write stands a vigorous young
sugar maple that on the morning of July 21st was
the picture of robust life, and in the evening the
leaves on the southwest side might have been used
for kindling. The soil was moist and covered with
luxurious sod, but with the thermometer on a
shaded north portico at 99O, the tree yielded to
the open heat of the sun, intensified by reflection
and radiation from the contiguous building.

It is this latter condition that destroys trees in
cities. The soil rarely dries, but the pent heat, in-
tensified by radiation and reflection, removes
moisture faster than the roots can supply it. I
notice many trees in Lexington assuming a yellow
unhealthy hue, but it is due to root-pruning and
to heat, intensified by the surroundings. Some
will perish, but the lengthening nights and dimin-
ishing heat will mitigate the injury. Lexington, Ky.

[Coal gas, as our correspondent well remarks,
is lighter than the atmosphere, and must be pushed
up out of the ground when air or water forces its
way in ; and yet, if he has dug up trees killed by
coal gas, as they certainly are, he will find the
newly turned up earth so nauseous with the stench
that he would certaintly be convinced that some-
thing has been retained, though the mere "gas"
has escaped.

The conditions referred to by our correspondent
undoubtedly injure and kill trees sometimes; and
yet there can be no more reason to doubt that
gas kills trees also, in the mind of anyone who
has lived in Philadelphia a few years, than that
lightning also sometimes kills them. If it were
desirable we could give in detail evidence that
would satisfy anyone. This evidence is not merely
of the "popular kind" that "knows such and such
is the case because it is," but the facts have been
carefully gone over by scientific experts. We need

26o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

only name here a paper by B. A. Fahnestock, one
of Philadelphia's leading chemists, who, a quarter
of a century ago, published in the Proceedings of
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
with elaborate details of his experiences.— Ed.
G. M.]

THE UMBRELLA CHINA TREE.
BY G. W. KNOX.

In the June number of the Gardeners' Month-
ly, page 164, I notice a communication from Mrs.
J. S. R. Thomson which mentions that " there is
one variety of the China called in ignorance
Umbrella Tree." Now the Umbrella China is a
separate and distinct variety of the China tree
family (Meha Azedarach umbraculifera) ; it as-
sumes the exact shape of an umbrella, in its
natural growth, and does not need the aid of the
pruning knife.

The first Umbrella China known in the United
States was found growing on Galveston Island,
Texas, where once stood the village of Campeachy,
which was from 18 17 to 1 821, the rendezvous of
that celebrated buccaneer, Laffitte, who roamed [
the seas in search of booty, and it is supposed that j
the seed of the Umbrella China was brought to
Galveston Island, by his vessels, from some island
or country in the tropics. |

It is a tropical tree without a doubt. I know of
several experiments with it in Missouri and Illinois,
where it will not live through one winter, — the sap
freezes and bursts the tree, — and I know of no case
where the tree is growing in very cold climates
although we have sent quite a number north.

From the tree on Galveston Island the seeds
were taken to Harrisburg and Lynchburg, Texas,
where they were grown lor sale and from there
sent out to all parts of Texas.

I have been growing the tree for sale for the
last eight years — make a specialty of it — con-
sequently have watched the habits very closely
and every year I learn something new of it.

In getting seed to plant, one has to be careful
not to select the seed of an Umbrella that is grow-
ing in close proximity to a common variety, for if
he does his labor will be in vain, for nine out of
ten of the trees you will raise from those seeds will
be common, scraggy Chinas; we have proved it
repeatedly, consequently know it to be a fact ; we
have our seed-bearing trees growing in the center
of our nurseries, so as to insure against cross-
fertilization from common Chinas growing on
neighboring property.

All of the parks in our Alamo city are planted
in Umbrella Chinas, also the beautiful grounds in
and about the U. S. Depot of Texas, here ; and
of late years they have been planting the parks in
many of the cities of Mexico with it.

There is no tree of the fine species that will
withstand the excessive heat and long drouths of
Texas and Mexico, as well as the Umbrella China.

Although it is called the "Pride of India" it is
no less the pride of the Lone Star State and our
Alamo City in particular. San Antonio, Texas.

[Mrs. Thomson suggested that "Umbrella tree"
was improper, because that name has been already
pre-empted for Magnolia tripetela, which is the
"Umbrella tree." But if the word "China" be
added, there will be no confusion.

It should not be "Umbrella tree," but " Umbrella
China tree," as Mr. Knox puts it. — Ed. G. M.]

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Magnolia cordata. — We had reason for be-
lieving that the true Magnolia cordata had been
confused with forms of Magnolia acuminata, and
that the genuine which is rare even in its native
places, did not exist in nurseries, though there is a
tree in the Botanic Garden at Cambridge, Mass.,
and the one on record as being in the Woodlands
near Philadelphia, is probably correct. But Mr.
S. B. Parsons, of Flushing, sends us a specimen
which indicates that they have it correctly identi-
fied. It is, however, certainly very rare.

Lawn Grass. — "Meadow," West Philadelphia,
Pa., desires us to tell her "through the Monthly
the best grass for a lawn." The best kind depends
on many circumstances. If rather low ground and
somewhat stiff soil the different species of Agrostis
known as Fiorin, Red Top, Bent, and other
common names are very good. Rye grass is excel-
lent for limestone soils, though liable to be killed
in very severe winters. Under the shade of trees
the flat-stemmed blue grass, Poa compressa, is
very good, and in rather rolling ground thesheeps-
fesque, Festuca ovina, is excellent. For general
purposes there is nothing to equal Kentucky Blue
grass. Avoid white clover and the ordinary mix-
tures, if you would have a perfect lawn.

If sown in the fall it may be well to sow Rye
with it, provided the Rye be mown early in spring,
and kept mown as if it were grass. The only ob-
ject of sowing Rye is to keep the young and very
small grass plants from being drawn out by the
frost. The heavy leaves of the Rye fall down

1885.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

261

over the grass plants and keep them pressed
firmly in the soft earth when the thaw comes.
Coarse weeds must be drawn out by hand next
summer.

A White-leaved Honey Locust. — "J. G.,"
Tipton, Mo., sends a white-leaved Honey Locust.
He saw the small plant first in 1884, and it is now
34 inches high, and still retains its variegation.
He would like to know whether it is likely to be a
good novelty, and how to propagate it ?

Just how much value there may be to a varie-
gation, no one can decide till they see a tree or
plant of some size. Nothing, for instance, is more
beautiful than the white variegation of the Box
Elder, as grown in Europe ; but in America the
white burns out, and no one cares for it. Then
much depends on the exact shade of the variega-
tion, and the form of the leaf that is variegated.
In short it depends on whether the tree will keep
healthy under the variegation, and whether it is
likely to "strike" the beholder. If it is a "striking"
novelty, it would be valuable. The texture of the
leaves sent seems strong, and probably it would
stand the sun better than the Negundo. The cor-
respondent may persevere with his care of it, with
some hope that it may prove worthy of general at-
tention. It ought to graft very easily on seedlings
of the common Honey Locust. Nurserymen have
no difficulty in grafting the weeping and other
varieties on this stock.

Trees for Public Squares. — Boys will be
boys, and remembering this fact a correspondent
makes the good suggestion that trees for public
squares or streets in a large city should not be
kinds that by fruits or flowers offer temptations
too great to be resisted in fruit or flower.

Wearing Out of the Suspension Holes in
Zinc Labels. — Mr. Joseph Perkins, Cleveland,
Ohio, remarks : " A correspondent recently ob-
served that he was troubled with the wearing of
the eyelets in zinc labels. We obviate that vexa-
tious result by having two holes (say three-fourths
to an inch apart) punched in the label, and by
running the wire through the two holes, and with a
good twist all wearing is prevented."

Grass for a Lawn. — A correspondent at
Staunton, Virginia asks; " What is the best lawn
treatment? Is there anything better than .^grostis
stolonifera to mix with our common Blue Grass for
a lawn ?"

[There is no benefit in any lawn mixture. If
you sow a dozen kinds together, in a few years

there will be only one kind left, because the one
that is best suited to the soil will crowd out all the
rest. If the soil is damp, stiff, or clayey, sow the
.'Vgrostis ; but as we remember the soil of Staunton
generally, we should incline to sow Blue Grass
pure and unadulterated. — Ed. G. M.]

Hardy Cacti. — Mr. Bassett, Hammonton, N.
J., asks: " Is there any cactus with brilliant red
flowers, sufficiently hardy to stand our winters ?"

" Opuntia Rafinesqui blooms freely here in any
sandy waste, and 1 would hke to find some red
variety to grow along with it. Would it be possi-
ble to produce a hybrid between O. Rafinesqui
and some of the red ones ?"

[Echinocactus phoeniceus, a deep crimson, is
probably hardy in New Jersey, and E. Simpsoni
with Mamillaria vivipara, both from the Rocky
Mountains, and quite hardy, are "red" ones also.
There is a variety of O. Rafinesqui, named by Dr.
Engelman, O. Rafinesqui oplocarpa, with flowers of
light straw, but shading to orange red at the base,
from which a very dark Opuntia Rafinesqui might
perhaps be obtained by selection, and perhaps by
hybridization as suggested by our correspondent.
—Ed. G. M.]

Dahlia Stem Borer. — E. S. Miller, Wading
River, L. I., N. Y., says: "I was surprised that
you never heard of the Dahlia stem borer. Twenty
years ago it used to trouble me. It would bore
out the stem when from six inches to a foot high.
Of course the stem died, when the buds from below
the borer's track would grow, making a much
shorter season of bloom. I have not seen it late
years, though I grow usually ;< to i acre of
Dahlias."

And W. A. Manda, Botanic Gardens, Cam-
bridge, Mass., adds the following: "The Dahlia
stem borer you mention in your last Monthly,
came to my notice in my early apprenticeship in
Bohemia, and then again in Vienna, Austria,
where it was even more destructive than in the
former place. I have not seen anything of this
enemy in this country yet, though we have some-
thing over five hundred Single Dahlias planted
out this summer, some of which are really beauti-
ful. • In my native language we call this borer
' Skvor,' what would be the 'Earwig' in English.

" The best way to destroy this pest is to take a
small flower pot, fill it with dry paper loosely
about one-third of the pot, and then suspend in-
verted among the plants. They soon find this out
as a good dry hiding place, and are easily caught
by inspecting the pots early in the morning."

262

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

Destroying Chicory and Similar Weeds |

We give the inclosed here in order to repeat ad- 1
vice to a New York correspondent that may be
useful to others elsewhere : " Can you give me any
advice as to how to destroy or get rid of chicory
when it gets possession of a lawn ? lam asked
the question by a lady who has tried every means
to extirpate the plant. She has dosed it with salt,
and she has pulled it up by the root ; but it will
grow again in greater quantity from the portion of
the root that breaks off."

[No plant can live long, no matter if it is as per- 1
sistent as the Poison Vme, if we prevent it from |
making new leaves. As soon as the young and
tender leaves appear, cut the whole plant off just
under the ground. A second crop may possibly
appear, when cut them again. We have known a
feeble attempt to make a third crop of leaves,
when another cutting ends the effort. If the
leaves are permitted to get mature, food will be
sent down into the roots which can then success-
fully resist the cutting out. It is essential to cut
while the leaves are very young. Any tough
weed can easily be destroyed in this way. —
Ed. G. M.J

Improved Hepaticas. — Mr. W. F. Bassett,
Hammonton, N. J., says: "Years ago, in my
boyhood, when roaming over the fields and in the
forests of ' the Old Bay State ' in search of nature's
floral treasures, I found several Hepaticas of re-
markable beauty and semi-double. One of these
was deep velvety blue, and one deep pink. I re-
moved them to the garden and kept them for
several years, and if I could now get hold of
varieties as fine, would prize them higher than
many of the high priced novelties."

[In gardens in Europe there are varieties of
double and single and of many shades of colors;
and possibly these are already in some American
gardens where hardy herbaceous plants are appre-
ciated.—Ed. G. M.]

Treatment of Rhododendrons. — A Virginia
subscriber asks : " How shall some Rhododen-
drons, transplanted last fall and not protected from
the winter and spring winds, be treated ? They
survived, but that is all. Very little growth this,sum-
mer — vitality much weakened. Am now giving
them liquid stable manure bi-weekly."

[We have never known liquid manure to be ap-
plied to Rhododendrons, nor indeed manure of any
kind except that which may be in the form of dead
wood or leaf mould in which they certainly de-
light. They require a soft, spongy soil in which

the delicate hair-like roots may get air and
moisture, and be preserved from hot sun. The
foliage does not mind heat, so that the roots are
kept cool in a well aerated soil. In the winter
protect them from dry winds by throwing some
branches over the plants till they are fully recov-
ered.—Ed. G. M.]

Hall's Japan Honeysuckle. — "E. S. W.,"
Berlin, Mass.: The plant sent is Lonicerajaponica.
It is known in nurseries as L. Halliana, because it
was introduced to America by Dr. Hall. What is
commonly known as Japan Honeysuckle appears
to be Lonicera brachypoda. This has shining
evergreen leaves, and is a great creeper over the
ground.

Injury by the Seventeen-Year Locust. —
Some very intelligent people write what to do with
the larvae of the seventeen-year locust, which the
entomologists tell them "must do" immense in-
jury by feeding on the roots of fruit trees for
seventeen long years. We have no evidence that
they really do any injury by feeding on the roots,
though theoretically, as the entomologist argues,
they ought to do. A quarter of a century ago.
Miss Margaretta Morris, distinguished for her
knowledge of insect life, published a paper that
attracted considerable attention at the time, con-
tending that the well-known disease in the Butter
I Pear, was caused by the larvae of the Cicada
' preying on the roots. She hired a man to dig
round a large tree of this variety, and collect and
count the enormous number picked out from the
earth around. There were other varieties of Pear
on her ground as healthy as Pear trees could be,
I bearing perfect fruit after their kind, which she
did not dig around and examine, but which the
event showed had as many larvae preying on their
roots as on the Butter, and one can scarcely be-
lieve they would produce disease on the one and
not on the other. This thought was suggested to
her, but she would insist that that only showed
I that some varieties had the power of resisting
] Cicadian influences more than others. To her
death she fully believed she had discovered the
cause of the cracking of the Butter Pear.

The fact is, that there are hundreds of old Pear
trees in this vicinity, which during the century or
more of their existence must have sustained many
generations of Cicada larvae, that are just as
healthy as pear trees can be.

We might answer the question. How is it possible
that a tree can have thousands of insects preying
on its roots without injury ? by the childish reply,

I88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

263

"Because it is." We know there is no injury, and disadvantage to a tree to lose by these insects
the fact ought to be enough. Possibly the ex- ' what they lose anyway ; but whether this or any
planation may be found in the fact that all trees 1 other explanation be the true one or not, the fact
have thousands of roots for which they have but a remains that no fruit or tree grower has ever had
temporary use. Thousands of roots die annually 1 any actual evidence that the larvas of the seven-
under every large tree. It maybe that it is no I teen-year locust ever did a tree injury.

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Flowers in winter, is now a great aim, and it has
got to be in a measure anything so that it be
flowers. The great variety of beauty which flowers
afford is seldom thought of, and if we have Roses,
Bouvardias, Carnations, Heliotropes, and, if one de-
sires to be a little more aristocratic, a few Orchids,
it is about the extent of our demands. Still, theSe
are sweet and pretty, and the small list is perhaps
due to the cheapening process which will give us
a whole houseful of one thing for much less figures i
than we can grow a great variety in one house. A
great mixture demands great skill, but a house of
one kind is so easily mastered in its details that 1
any smart boy can soon be taught to successfully
manage it. But even in these simple processes
experience is a great help. As noted, any smart ^
boy can soon be taught to grow Roses, but there
is a very great art in knowing how to grow win-
ter Roses well, and it is those who succeed in
growing these winter flowers to the greatest per-
fection that make the most money if they are com-
mercial florists, or get the most pleasure if they be
chiefly amateurs whose profit is in the pleasure ;
that gardening affords.

In offering hints for successfully growing win-
ter flowers, a difficulty arises from the varying cir-
cumstances and situations of each grower. It is im-
possible to give detailed descriptions of houses, or
of practice suited to each, but there are general prin-
ciples that are everywhere recognized by experi-
enced flower culturists, and these must serve for
" Seasonable Hints." 1

For one, we can remember that the brighter and
more direct the sunhght the more flower. Hence
it is a good thing to have the slope of the glass as
nearly at a right angle with the sun's rays as pos- [

sible. And we want all the light we can get, sun-
light direct, or reflected light if no other.

Air or ventilation is not regarded as of so much
consequence as it was once thought to be, and
houses with full flowers all winter are often kept
with sashes all closed. Fresh air for all growing
purposes seems to find its way in through chinks
and crevices. Still we fancy good growers will
yet arrange for an abundance of fresh air if they
can get it warm enough. Roots like fresh air, and
this is one eftect of watering. The bad, exhausted'
air is driven out every time water is poured into
the soil, and when the water goes out fresh air
follows. Hence a soil that dries rapidly — that
wants water often, is much better than one that
needs little moisture. And so we like soil rather
shallow in the benches or pots, and well drained.
On the other hand, soil that is often watered, soon
becomes poor. The rich material is washed out ;
so that, to have fine flowers, guano or other con-
centrated manure may be frequently applied to
the surface.

In mixed houses, where so much enjoyment is to
be reached, much the same hints may be given in
a general way. But there .are more matters of
detail requiring attention. In taking up things
from the ground for potting, care should be taken
to have the pots well drained, with pieces of pot-
sherds over the hole. The more rapidly water
passes through the soil the better plants will grow.
Pots could be made without holes, and the water
would all go through the porous sides in time ;
but that is too slow a way, so we make a hole to
admit of its more rapid escape, and we place the
broken pots over the hole to make a vacuum,
which assists the objects of the hole. In very
small pots, or with plants which have strong
enough roots to rapidly absorb all the moisture

2b4

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

they get, and speedily ask for more, "crocking" is
not necessary.

There is quite an art in Ufting plants from the
open ground into pots, if they are to go on and
bloom all the winter time. It will not do to let the
leaves wilt much, or they will not get up again.
They have to be taken with reasonable ball, put
into the smallest possible pot, well watered at once,
and placed temporarily where the drying air will
not draw the moisture from the leaves. The flor-
ist who has to lift Bouvardias or Chrysanthemums
from the open ground to benches in the green-
house, so as to have them in flower all winter,
keeps the greenhouse closed, for a few days, so
that the moisture cannot get out. He syringes, to
add to the atmospheric moisture, and even shades
the glass, for it is now known that light is as great
an evaporator of water as heat itself. One with
a few plants need not go to all this trouble, but
can apply the lesson from the larger scale to the
smaller one.

Bulbs for flowering in pots should be placed at
once. Four or five-inch pots are suitable. One
Hyacinth and about three Tulips are sufficient for
each. After potting, plunge the pots over their
. rims in sand under the greenhouse stage, letting
them remain there until the pots have become well
filled with roots, before bringing them on to the
shelves to force.

All that we have so far written has been with
the view of getting plenty of flowers with an
abundance of light. But in room gardening light
cannot always be had, and fortunately there are
plants like Begonias, Oxalis, Tradescantias or
Spiderworts, that flower with little sun, and then
there are numerous shade-loving plants with leaves
as pretty as any flowers.

COMMUNICATIONS.

CACTUSES.
BY A. BLANC.

It is astonishing what an interest the New
Orleans Exhibition has awakened in Cacti.

True enough, they only need to be seen to be
admired, and yet the majority of florists cannot
bear them — perhaps, because there is no money in
them.

1 have a collection of about 400 varieties, mostly
small plants, but good bloomers ; and even when
not in bloom they are always interesting to me.
To watch the plants grow, develop their many
colored spines, form their buds, expand their beau-

tiful flowers and bring forth their brilliant seed-
pods, is to me just as fascinating as to look over "a
collection of valuable paintings.

When I say florists can't bear them I must ex-
cept our friend Mr. John Thorpe, who in answer
to that imputation writes me as follows : " You are
mistaken when you say 1 hate Cacti ; I love them,
but in this greed to live there is no opportunity to
make Cacti what they will be in twenty-five years.
When I tell you that two of my most intimate
friends are Pfersdorff of Paris, a man that has
actually slept with a Turcshead for his pillow, and
Mr. Peacock, of Hammersmith, London, who has
had Cereus cylindricus for a bed-fellow, you will
not say your friend John Thorpe hates Cacti."

Mr. Thorpe, by the way, has probably the finest
Pilocereus senilis in this country. It stands forty-
six inches high.

Although for some years I have been supplying

Astrophytum myriostigma.

leading European houses with rare Cacti, yet I
found it almost impossible to get anything like a
complete collection for my private use. So at last
I have concluded to send to Europe for specimens
of every variety catalogued there, which amounts
to nearly nine hundred. It is probably about the
best way to get them correctly named, which is
a very important item. I have had much trouble
in this respect, with some thirty correspondents in
Mexico and out West. Ask them for ICchinocac-
tus Sileri, Astrophytum myriostigma, or the Red
Night-blooming Cereus, and they answer; "Oh,
yes, we have them." When at last you pay ten
dollars expressage on a box of samples, you get
some Opuntias or a Cereus Peruvianus.

Many Cacti may well be grown for their beauty
of form and spines; for instance, Echinocactus
Sileri, Whipplei, viridescens, etc. I think one of

I88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

265

the handsomest is E. Ottonis ; the flower also is
splendid although not fragrant.

Cereus, are my favorites, especially the night-
bloomers. I have a C. nycticaulis, raised from a
three-inch cutting three years ago, that to this
date {July 6th) has opened sixteen flowers this
season and hns yet twenty-one buds to open.
Until this year 1 kept it growing to one stem, in a
6-inch pot and trained it along the roof of my
small greenhouse, where it received plenty of sun-
light during winter. It made a growth of fifteen
feet in two siMsons. I have about ten other
varieties of night-bloomers, but I find but little
variation in the flowers, except as to size and
perfume. The true red bloomer, Cereus Schmidti,
has not bloomed for me yet, neither has the variety
sent to me from Mexico as a red night-bloomer ;
(three Mexicans swear to it) and of which I do
not know the name.

The Astrophytum myriostigma, called in Europe
" Bonnet d'evOque," (Bishop's hood) is a very in-
teresting Cactus, being, I believe, the only one
without spines. I don't see how Aloe longiaristata
could ever have been mistaken for it.

Philadelphia.

CULTURE OF THE CACTI.
BY N. ROBERTSON.

I am glad that my brief article has brought
out Mr. Siler's remarks, for they are such as all
growers may benefit by. The instances he gives
are in accord with my ideas, only in so far as their
ability to endure cold is concerned. What I said
was not to show what amount of cold they could
stand ; 45- was only intended as a general storage
temperature. Some of the species might be bene-
fited by a lower and perhaps a higher ; but I have
always been very successful at this and mine is a
very mixed collection. If we get to a lower tem-
perature than what I have mentioned the air is
sure to become so pregnant with moisture during
our long winter months as to be injurious. We
dare not ventilate from the outside during winter,
and the sun's rays have very little power. Mr. Siler
has mistaken the intention of my article, for I had
no idea of giving how much cold they would
stand. He says, " I do not know how cold it is in
Canada at 45°, but here in Utah," enumerating
different species that will stand out in their native
places, and do well with frost 22° below zero.
Some of those I have tried with our winters and
although I have in some cases resorted to covering,
protecting in the dryest manner, when spring came

I invariably found them a rotten mass. But I
must remark that our temperature falls frequently
below those he gives. Yet, I find they suffer from
a very few degrees of frost. The reason why, I
am not prepared to say. It would be a good thing
if they could be left out permanently, for they are
not the most agreeable things to handle of the
vegetable kingdom. "

As to his finding a number of Agave Utahense
and Mamillaria vivipara, standing in water and
in health, this will be a new thing to most growers
of them. Surely Mr. Siler does not infer that this
is the belter mode of treatment ; if he does, why
then give us the natural state in which they are
found in the greatest perfection ? He says (enu-
merating several species) that they grow on the
well-drained hillsides, and on the sandstone ledges,
in many instances with hardly enough to cover
the roots. Other two are found exposed to the
fierce heat of the summer's sun "where hardly a
lizzard is to be found," and that this agave is
found on the same ledge is enough to prove the
treatment they will enjoy most.

His remarks on the soil they are found in will
be most interesting to all parties interested in the
Cacti culture, for I know that much diversity of
opinion exists on this. Mine may not be the best
one, but it has proved to me the best alternative
I have yet found. It must also be remembered
that no amount of water in the positions in which
they are found can lodge in such a way as to
stagnate, and hurt them. When planted out
under the same conditions I say, pour away as
much water as you like when they are growing,
and you will benefit them ; but at rest, if you want
flowers the next season, it will be better to refrain
from it. This partial drying process has always
given me good results whilst the other has proved
the contrary.

I quite agree with the Editor's remarks, that
under culture we cannot always rely on imitating
natural conditions. We must learn from experi-
ence. I say, yes, and often improve upon it, for it
is a most difficult task to get close to nature and
take in all surroundings and all other things
adapted to positions chosen.

But an understanding of the natural laws and
substances that control the production of such
plants must always prove beneficial and con-
ducive to their proper treatment ; and I am sure
that Mr. Siler's remarks on this subject will be
much appreciated by all lovers of this class of
plants ; a class that deserves more attention than
there has been given, for they always make a

266

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

most interesting bed. They are much looked at
for their curious diverse appearance. But no one
need expect much success with them if the
position chosen retain water for any length of
time ; at least such is my experience with them in
our climate, and Mr. Siler's remarks surely con-
firm the advisability of particular attention to it.
Gov't Grounds, Canada.
[We think the cases Mr. Siler referred to, where
water was continually poured on the plants by
mistake, were not cases where water was retained.
The water so freely given no doubt passed away
freely. In regard to Cactus culture Mr. Robert-
son's practice is certainly the proper one ; that is,
plenty of water in the hot growing season, always
provided it passes rapidly away, and plants kept
rather dry and cool in the resting period. — Ed.
G. M.]

VERBENA CULTURE.

BV E. L. KOETHEN.

The culture of the Verbena is not nearly as
well understood by the average gardener or florist
as it should be, and I believe that most of the
more successful cultivators have yet much to
learn. It is therefore with the hope that I may
be able to throw a little light on an important
topic which may be of benefit to some that I am
about to attempt to give my ideas on the subject.
I am often somewhat surprised to find that
otherwise successful florists do not even at-
tempt to grow their own Verbena stock plants.
And just here let me say, that though this might
not aid any practical florists, it will probably be
read by some amateurs who will be benefited
thereby. There is too much reluctance displayed
by some practical men in disseminating horticul-
tural knowledge. I hold that success in cul-
ture by the consumer of plants makes increased
demand for our products. We therefore do our-
selves an absolute injury when we pass an oppor-
tunity by to disseminate knowledge, without avail-
ing ourselves of it.

To begin with, I wish to find fault with a
statement made by Mr. Henderson in his " Practi-
cal Floriculture." He says, " Verbenas, whether
grown for sale or for private use, if we would have
plants in fine health and vigor in May, should not
be propagated sooner than January. The stock
plants propagated in October or November be-
come exhausted by spring and are inferior to later
propagations." The above is all very true if you
propose to keep the older plants in small pots un-

til May. The Verbena delights in cool weather,
and if planted out early will do far better through
the summer. It is my practice to select nice
bushy plants free from rust and green fly (but
there is no excuse for green fly to make its appear-
ance among plants in the houses), and plant them
out as early as the first week in April if the ground
can be worked to advantage ; planted thus early
they will become well and deeply rooted before
the hot, dry weather sets in.

1 have often heard the opinion expressed that
seedling Verbenas do better than greenhouse
plants. So they do if sown early and the usual
long starved plants are put out late in May. It is
very natural that they should, being full of vigor
and life, while it takes the sick pot plants a month
to get ready to begin to grow. Not so with a nice
thrifty pot plant ; it has the advantage over the
seedling that it can be planted when the seed is
sown and thus it has at least three weeks the start
of it.

My plants at this date (June 25th) which were
planted out early in April have an average of fif-
teen fine large blooms to each and are in all
the full vigor of growth as usually seen in August.
Last year the stock plants were covered with three
inches of snow after they were set out, and I
never saw better ones in May, although the outer
edges of the leaves were nipped a little. The
rapidity of their growth was remarkable after they
took a start.

Verbenas require an abundance of nourishment,
and 1 find the use of liquid manure applied to
plants in pots a decided benefit to them. As
to the stock plants which 1 do not require for
planting out, they are shifted into 3-inch pots and
plunged into a hot-bed where they make fine
large plants that will bring double the price of
ordinary 2-inch pot plant Verbenas. We thus
provide something nice for our best customers who
have failed to set out early. Plants thus grown
will be provided with from five to eight branches
and look far from being weakened.

Zanesville, Ohio.

[This is a very timely communication. In this
part of the world the Verbena has almost disap-
peared from cultivation, growers protesting that
they soon become diseased and worthless. And
it has become a sort of by-word that only those
buy them that know no better. There is no gain-
saying that they are far more liable to disease
than they once were, and it is worth inquiry how
far the methods of propagation may have had an
influence in giving us a stock with a weakened

1885.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

267

power to resist disease. The Verbena is too beau-
tiful and too useful a plant to be permitted to sink
to oblivion without an eiTort to save it. — Ed.G.M.]

STEAM HEATING A SUCCESS.
BV N. B. STOVER.

I have carefully read and studied every article
contributed to your valuable journal in favor and

against steam heating but have not found in
article anything that compares with the heating
of E. Hippard's establishment in Youngstown,
Ohio. Of this establishment I am foreman and
can truthfully testify to the merits of steam.

For the benefit of your numerous readers I
deem it my duty as a florist to learn and teach all
I know. The above named place is one of the
best built and arranged commercial greenhouse
establishments I have ever seen, covering upwards
of 12,000 square feet of glass. The boiler used to
heat this amount of glass and work-shop, also a
dwelling house of thirteen rooms and large hall
(every room is heated), is a small 15-horse power
locomotive style Taft boiler ; the piping consists
of over four thousand lineal feet of two-inch gas
pipe and nine large radiators, costing for the past
very cold winter only a trifle over ggo. The at-
tention required for firing was not much. In the
coldest weather when the mercury would go to
18° and 20° below zero I would not lose two
hours' sleep in such a night. The pressure was
never over five pounds of steam, and in ordinary
weather from one to two pounds were plenty.

The boiler is set eight feet below the surface of
greenhouse floors, and so arranged as to cause all
condensed steam to run back to boiler without a
steam trap, only by grading the pipe to a continu-
ous degree of two to four inches in one hundred
lineal feet. The boiler needs water about every
six or ten days, and certainly could never fall so
low as to cause any danger by burning crown
sheets or flues. By a novel and very useful in-
vention gotten up by Mr. Hippard I can without
any fear of oversleeping myself lay down and
sleep with perfect confidence ; the arrangement is
feo constructed as to call by a bell when the heat
goes down or up to a certain degree we set it.

Youngstown, Ohio.

Feb. No., page 39. The tenor of all is, that Mr.
Veitch has not given the proportions. But we do
not think any exact proportioning of parts is neces-
sary. He says ; " My remedy consists of sulphur
and linseed oil, mixed to the consistency of paint,
and brushed on the flues or hot-water pipes."

Of course there is such a thing as thick paint
and thin paint, but it will make little difference
here. We have watched the application of this
one \ remedy, and think the chief virtue of the oil is that
it keeps the sulphur in place on the pipes. Sul-
phur would naturally roll off a round pipe. When
in the oil it has to stay where it is put. There
may be some other use for the oil, but this
certainly is one. Whether more or less is used
can make but little difference.

Flowering of the Night-blooming Cereus.
—Mr. E. S. Miller, Wading River, N. Y., writes:
" Seeing your note on the flowering of C. Mac-
donaldii in Kansas and Virginia about the same

j date, June 6th, I thought it of interest to note that
mine was flowering in another section of the coun-

' try. Two flowers opened on the 9th of June, two-
on the loth, one on the nth, and others about a
week later. Some of the flowers remained fully
expanded until the following day as late as 8 or 9
o'clock, though these did not open till evening,
while those which closed early, opened early,
before dark."

[Singularly enough, a plant of the Night-bloom-
1

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

ing Cereus that had already bloomed in June, un-
der the observation of the writer, had another
flower open on the 4th of August. — Ed. G. M.]

Begonia Feastii.— Mrs. E. Bonner, Xenia, 0.,
says: " In the Gardeners' Monthly for August,
you refer to the death of a florist friend, Mr. John
Feast, of Baltimore.

" Among the plants mentioned as having origi-
nated at the Feast greenhouses, and bearing the
name, is Begonia Feastii. We have had for
some years a Begonia that we catalogued under
that name, but we have never felt sure that we were
right. Will send a plant to know if we have the
true Feastii. It is an old plant, and very easy of
cultivation, yet we rank it among the best in our
collection. It certainly is very beautiful, with its
shining, olive green leaves, "veined nearly white,"
under side crimson. It is a profuse bloomer in
the latter part of winter and early spring ; flowers,
a very delicate pink color. I hope we are correct
in the name, for we love the Begonia, and the his-

Linseed Oil and Sulphur as a Cure for
Rose Mildew.— We have a number of inquiries i tory you have given of it will enhance its value,
in regard to Mr. Veitch's remedy for mildew, in

' If we are mistaken in the name of the plant we

268

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

have, I should hke the correct one, and if you will Richardsonii and parvifolia, bearing marked char-
inform me where I can get the true Feastii, will be acteristics of both its parents, and still a great

Cyprip;dium ccnanthum superbum. (See (lesoriiitiim, jiage 200.)

much obliged. Will a'so send a seedling Begonia improvement on both. We find it the best
of ours, which we have named Hybrida Richard- b'ooming Eegonia, for all purposes, we have in
sonii. You » ill perceive tlia' is a hy b'id between our collection."

1885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

269

[It is correctly named, Begonia Feastii, and,
as our correspondent remarks, one of the most
beautiful yet. One of its parents was an old
species, B. hydrocotylaefolia. But we do not re-
member that we ever knew the other parent. —
Ed. G. M.]

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Cypripedium cenanthum superbum (see cut). —
Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea, near London, continue
the work begun by their father thirty years ago,
hybridizing orchids, and are continually raising
new ones quite as distinct and beautiful as original
species. Of the one which we now illustrate they
send us the following account:

"One of the most striking of the hybrid cypri-
pediums raised in our nursery. It was obtained
by crossing C. Harrisianum with C. insigne Maulei.

" The plant is of vigorous growth and has foliage
like that of C. insigne, but of deeper hue. The
flowers are large with a lustrous varnish surface.
The color of the dorsal sepal is deep claret-red
with broad lines of blackish-purple spots that are
confluent. It has a very broad, white margin, and
where the spots enter it, they are of a beautiful
mauve-purple. The lower sepal is greenish.

with lines of blackish spots on the basal half.
The petals are vinous-red with deeper veins, ex-
cept at the base and apex, where it shades off
into pale green. On the inferior side of the basal
half are from 10 to 12 blackish worts. The lip is
deep vinous-red, shaded with brown ; the staminode
buff-yellow tinged with red.

" We know of no cypripedium that presents such
a remarkable combination of colors as is seen in
the flower of this beautiful hybrid."

Rose, "Her Majesty." — Messrs. Charles F.
Evans and Craig Bros., of Philadelphia, have
bought the entire stock of this rose which was
raised by Mr. Henry Bennett, of Shepperton,
England, who considers it his finest production.
It is a cross between the hybrid perpetual Mabel
Morrison and tea Canary. Its immense size,
perfect symmetry, and exquisite coloring, combine
to make it popular ; it is the largest and finest
rose ever introduced. It will be of special interest
to florists who grow roses for the cut blooms ; the
grand flowers of Baroness Rothschild, Paul Neyron,
I Anna de Diesbach, Mad. Gabriel Luizet, and others
' of this class produced of late years, have developed
a taste for very large roses which will be abund-
antly gratified by " Her Majesty." It is of most
vigorous growth and entirely hardy.

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

The great progress which market gardening has
made in cheapening the cost of producing fruit,
has not been favorable to that excellence which
the lovers of good fruit usually aim at. But even
as a matter of profit it has come to be recognized
that he who produces the best fruit makes the most
money. This is especially true in regard to fruit
in season, when fruit is a drug in the market. First-
class fruit even then sells and always with a good
profit. Hints, then, looking towards excellence,
may not be out of place at this season.

To our mind much of the pleasure of fruitgrow-
ing lies in learning all about fruits, — not merely
the names of the varieties, but of the habits and
wants of each thing we grow, and a very plea-
surable part of one's garden would be that set
apart for cultural experiments. There is no reason

why strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, cur-
rants, grapes, and other things, may not be tried
on different cultural plans, — and the knowledge
derived will be fully equal to the pleasure derived
from the experiments themselves. For instance, in
our last there was a note about the benefits the old
gardeners found from cutting off the leaves of
strawberries as soon as the fruit is mature. It
would give great zest to a gardener to have a dozen
plants under such a treatment side by side with a
dozen under regular garden treatment; and many
things do well only by special care. If, for instance,
we ask the average fruit-grower why he has not
such delicious raspberries as Brinkle's Orange,
Hornet, or Herstine, he will tell you that they are
too tender, — but if we go into the garden of the
amateur fruit-grower who grows fruit because he
loves to grow it, we find him not objecting to lay-
ing the canes down and covering with earth, and

270

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

then they are hardy enough. We have seen these
in Germantown gardens the past season, sights
truly lovely to behold, and well repaying the extra
trouble given to them. It is just in such atten-
tions as these in fact that the pleasures of garden-
ing, aside from the mere profits, consist, — and it is
the line of gardening above all that we love to
cultivate.

Even vegetables, which, more than fruit, enter
into the absolute necessaries of life, give to mere
pleasure much material by their superior cultiva-
tion,— and we know of some people who derive as
much satisfaction from their little garden patches,
as others would do from a voyage round the world.
For some of these we could give no suggestions
that would be new to them. But there are others,
younger and coming on, to whom some practical
thoughts at this season may be of benefit.

Lettuces sown last month will now be large
enough to set out for permanent growth. A com-
mon hot-bed frame, set on a bed of leaves or spent
stable manure, will enable one to enjoy delicious
salad all through the latter part of winter where
sufficient protection against severe frosts can be
secured. In this division of our hints, it is more
of an object to preserve them through the winter
for the purpose of setting out in the open air in
spring. In the States this can be readily effected
by their being set out in the open air in a sheltered
place. Here in Pennsylvania they often do very
well by having the ground thrown into ridges
about six inches deep, running east and west, and
the plants set out on the northern sides. They
have a httle straw thrown over them in severe
weather, and get through the winter admirably,
heading early in spring. The Early York cabbage
is extensively grown in the same way. Where the
climate is too severe to allow of this, they must be
put under cover of shutters, as before described in
our hints.

Cabbages can be preserved in such a cellar,
though most prefer them in the open air. One way
is to pack them closely together with their roots
uppermost, and then cover them with soil, on
which straw or litter is thrown to keep them from
freezing. By being packed this way, the water
cannot get into the hearts, which is one of the
chief causes of their rotting. Where plenty of
boards can be had, they may be packed with their
heads uppermost, and the rain kept off by the
material.

Broccoli and Endive may be taken up with balls
of earth, and set in cool cellars closely together,
and they will grow sufficiently — the former to pro-

duce good head, and the latter to branch beauti-
fully all through the winter.

Asparagus beds should be cleaned, by having
the old stems cut off and the soils from the alley
ways dug out and thrown overbeds. It keeps the
frost from the roots, and thus permits them to
grow and lay up matter all winter for next spring's
growth. Very early in spring the soil should be
raked back into the alleys, so as to leave the roots
but a few inches under the soil, as the nearer they
are then to the sun's rays the earlier will the crop
be.

Celery must have continued attention to blanch-
ing as it grows, care being exercised to prevent the
soil from entering the heart. Where very fine re-
sults are desired, the plants should be protected
from early severe frosts, so as to enable the plants
to grow without injury as long as possible.

Roots of most kinds, such as carrots, beets,
etc., should be taken up before the frost is severe.
They all keep best packed in sand in the open
air, but it is too inconvenient to get at them in
winter ; hence cellars are employed to preserve
them in. Cellars for this purpose should be cool,
say with temperature of about 45^, and not all
dry. It is not meant that it should be damp, as
the roots will become rotten, but it must be moist
enough to prevent shriveling.

However, if any protection can be given so as
to enable one to get at the pit in frosty weather,
most things keep better so than in any way.
Celery keeps very well packed in earth, so that
the frost does not get at it ; but it must be laid with
the tops sloping, so that the water may be kept out
of the heart.

COMMUNICATIONS.

CABBAGE MAGGOT.

BY MANSFIELD MILTON.

" I. R.," page 238, has only had in his 120 cab-
bage plants the experience of many a market
gardener in this section with their thousands of
plants. This maggot on the cabbage is getting to
be a great enemy to the raising of early cab-
bages. They make their attacks upon the plants
shortly after setting out, and act just as J. R. de-
scribes, stripping off all the roots, and leave no-
thing but a rotten stump, from which often a few
weakly roots are sent out near the surface. When
only a few eggs are hatched the damage to the
plants is not so severe, and often recover, so that
they make a good growth afterwards ; but when

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

271

they are attacked with the numbers described by
your correspondent, then there is very little chance
for the plants, unless the remedy for their destruc-
tion has been used, which is bi-sulphide of carbon ;
this must be used with the greatest care, as only
a small portion kills the plants as well as the in-
sects. The means of applying it is to bore a small
hole with a pointed stick close to the plant, and
put in a few drops of the liquid. This remedy
proves effectual every time, and can be used with
profit on small patches, but in large patches I have
not seen much profit; it is too expensive.

To our market gardener I sold this spring 5000
cabbage plants, which were all destroyed by this
pest. I lost about 2000 myself, and I may safely
say that at least half of all the early cabbage set
out in this section was destroyed this season.

Youngstown, Ohio.

STRAWBERRIES IN FLORIDA.

BY CHARLES BLACK.

Noticing " Strawberries in Florida " in the Au-
gust number of the Gardeners' Monthly, I fear it
will mislead many of your readers ; so I venture to
give my observations in Florida on the subject. I
have been in Florida twice, and although I did
not travel very extensively, I did not see any
strawberry beds that would warrant the statement
in the article referred to. From what I saw I
should say that it would take several acres to pro-
duce 109 bushels, instead of getting them from one-
half of an acre. They commence to bloom up
the St. John's as early as December, and if not
killed by frost will ripen a few berries in January,
and keep on bearing and ripening a few until late
in the spring. They do not do, as here, send up all
of their bloom at once and ripen a full crop of fruit
in a few weeks ; but a few bloom at a time and
ripen, here and there a berry, through January and
February. I did not see them later than March,
but up to that time I saw none that would warrant
the statement of over 200 bushels per acre. My
advice to any reader of the Gardeners' Monthly
would be, never to start in strawberry growing in
Florida with the expectation of getting 200 bushels
per acre. Hightstown, N. J.

A DRY AUTUMN AND STRAWBERRIES.
BY MAX.

At this point not quite \)i inches of rain fell
from July 8th to October 20th, 1884. All vegeta-
tion suffered, but most of all small fruits, especially
strawberries. From a plat of five-sixths of an

acre, planted November 5th, 1882, which yielded
over twelve hundred quarts in 1884, only five hun-
dred were gathered this season.

Possibly want of proper culture had something
to do with the result, but mainly the deficiency is
due to the dry summer and autumn. Thus, leading
pomologists, such as Mosby & Bro. and others ac-
count for the short crop. The question of interest
to fruit-growers is, whether varieties are more or
less adapted to circumstances of weather and cli-
mate ? With us, in 1884, Sharpless' strawberry
took the lead, but in 1885 we found that Triumph
of Cumberland had withstood drouth better, ri-
pened as eaily, if not earlier, and yielded more
than doubly as much in quantity, equalling, indeed
excelling, in size. The Wilson and Crescent City
did fairly well. This leads us to recommend the
T. of Cumberland and Sharpless for our limestone
section. Then the raspberries. Well, the only
one that did anything was the Cuthbert (Market
Queen of some catalogues). It held its own,
yielding well and maintaining its size, while the
Hornet, Philadelphia and the H. R. Antwerp suc-
cumbed. The Black Caps did as well in the gar-
den as in the field. In this section, little or nothing
is gained by cultivating them.

The prospect for pears and grapes is very fine,
and apples are abundant — peaches a failure.

Staunton, Va., July 21, i88j.

[The subject stalled by our correspondent is one
of great interest to fruit growers. Are there varie-
ties that are better adapted to some soils, or to
withstand drouths, than others ? The answer by
all fruit growers with a limited experience would
be prompt and emphatic, "Of course there are," —
but those of a more extended experience know that
results are not always to be charged to the causes
attributed to them. A variety becomes enervated
by some circut^stance, and it may be in competi-
tion with a variety that has retained its full consti-
tional vigor. Not knowing this, the observer would
be very apt to consider that one " did not like his
soil."

For instance, for a number of years the Albany
seedling strawberry did better than any other in
the district in which we now write. Though as
sour as a cranberry, no one would have anything
else, it was so large and bore so abundantly, with
very little care. One might then say, " It liked the
soil." Of late years it has declined. To-day we
, do not know where to go to get a plant. No one
keeps it. It will not do now to say, " It does not
like the soil." It has declined simply because of
constitutional debility, and this debility is more

272

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

fairly to be attributed to climatal causes that in-
duce the spread of fungus troubles, of which the
" spot " on the leaf is one sure indicator.

VVe should, therefore, be very loth to accept the
proposition that one kind had preference for one
soil more than another, unless we were sure that
the competing varieties represented plants with an
equally sound constitution. ^Ed. G. M.]

THE CABBAGE WORM.
BY MR. CHARLES E. PARNELL.

No instance of the cabbage maggot troubling
the roots of turnips has ever come under my ob-
servation, and I am inclined to the opinion that
your correspondent is mistaken here. But still, if
his turnips are likely to be troubled with anything
like this, let him apply a dressing of lime, ashes,
or any commercial cabbage or turnip fertihzer, and
thoroughly incorporate it with the soil by repeated
harrowings before sowing the seed.

Queens, Long Island.

In the Gardeners' Monthly for August, 1885,
page 239, I see that J. R., of Elizabethtown, N. J.,
asks for information concerning some maggots
that appear to be destroying the roots of his cab-
bage and turnip plants, and 1 thmk that I can
give him a little information, although it will be of
little or no use to hini this season.

He may rest assured that the maggots are the
cause of all his trouble, for they are what we
know in this vicinity as the cabbage maggot, and
they appear to be remarkably numerous and de-
structive this year.

This pest does not appear to trouble the plants
until they are about half-grown, when the leaves
begin to turn yellow and droop, and upon a close
examination the roots are found to be partially de-
cayed and full of little maggots. In this vicinity
the cabbage is very extensively grown for the New
York markets, and 1 have no recollection of seeing
any infested with either the maggot, or with what
is known as the club-foot, when grown on land
that has been given a good dressing of lime, ashes,
or if the crop has been fertilized with bone dust,
superphosphate of lime, or any concentrated or
chemical manure or fertilizer ; so that I infer that
their use is of decided benefit to the crop, and no
one in this vicinity would expect to obtain a profit-
able crop of cabbage unless some 'chemical cab-
bage fertilizer was scattered in each hill.

The cabbage maggot is troublesome certain
seasons only, and 1 think that it is advisable to use
a little of any of the above-mentioned fertilizers as
a preventive, rather than run the risk of losing the
entire crop.

I do not think that tliere is any remedy that can
be applied with benefit to the crop after the leaves
of the plants begin to turn yellow. If the maggots
are noticed before this occurs, a little lime ashes,
or bone dust, scattered around on each hill, close
up to the plant, and hoed in, might prove to be
beneficial, but I need further experience to enable
me to speak with certainty on this pomt.

A CHEAP TREE DIGGER.
BY W. C. STRONG.

Perhaps I may serve the nursery craft and others
by describing a home-made one-horse digger,
which has proved a very servjceable tool for my
purposes. Taking a worn-out side-hill plough, the
swinging mould board and some other appurte-
nances were removed, leaving but the thin iron
frame under the beam. This frame was left to
support a steel sword, or cutter, which was made
to be about two feet long, and which went from
the beam in front of the frame and extended
eighteen inches below it. Any blacksmith can
affix such a sword to such a plough at a cost of a
dollar or two. One horse is equal to making a
cut in ordinary soil from 15 to 20 inches deep.
.'Vfter a cut on both sides of a row, most kinds
of small trees and shrubs will readily pull without
breaking the roots. In some cases it is well to go
a second time in the cut, driving the cutter down
to its length and inclining the point under the
trees. The advantage of this tool over the larger
and patented kinds is in its trifling cost, and also
in the ease with which it is operated by a single
horse in any soil. Of course the large double ma-
chine is much better for large trees and extensive
nurseries. But for many kinds of digging this
smaller cutter will serve the purpose equally well
and at less expense in operating.

Brighton, July soth.

NEW OR RARE FRUITS.

Eliserta Peach. — The following note is from
Mr. John H. Parnell, West Point, Georgia, under
date August ist, — the fruit reaching us in perfect
condition on August 4th :

" I send you a crate of one of our best and new-
est variety of peach, the Elberta. It is a seedling
of the Chinese cling, but is a freestone peach.
They are from my orchards near West Point."

This is of that excellent class which under the

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

273

lead of Crawford's Early has made itself indispens-
able to the peach grower. This, like that, is a good

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

f/w

w

sohd heavy peach of rather better quality as re-
gards flavor and juiciness than that popular
variety. The exact value will of course have to
be decided by an actual test with that kin(5. As
we however believe it will
be a variety of permanent
merit, we give a drawing
and description: Form,
oblong oval ; length, 3 inch-
es ; lateral circumference,
Si^ inches; weight, 634^ oz.;
form of suture, oblique;
skin, golden yellow, deep
red in the sun ; flesh, yel-
low, solid ; juicy ; deep red
round the stone ; stone, lan-
ceolate, very sharp pointed.

The Jewell Strawberry. — Many so-called
" new " fruits come to-day and are gone to-mor-
row, that it seldom seems worth while to encumber
our pages, which we hope will be of permanent
value, with large illustrations. We make an ex-
ception in this case because it appears to be a
variety of substantial character, having received a
silver medal from the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society at its June meeting, on its great merits as
a new seedling. Its parent was either Jersey
Queen or Prince of berries. It is a pistillate,
ripening in mid-season, of large size, bright red,
and very productive. Raised by P. M. Angur &
Sons, of Middlefield, Conn. (See cut ne.xt page.)

■^■^^'i

Black Knot. — " Reine Claude," Frankford,
Phila., writes : " It seems to me that the black
knot on plum and cherry has taken a renewed
lease of life this year. Some ten years ago I
had it very bad in my garden, and I thought I
had destroyed it by cutting out the worst parts
and burning. I had no knots in my garden.
Where does it come from and what is the
remedy ? It seems to me it must be more than
usually prevalent this year, judging by the gar-
dens of my neighbors."

The plum knot is the work of a fungus known
I-. sphaeria morbosa. The spores are doubtless
ever present, and cutting out and burning the
knots in the hope of stamping out the trouble,
would be of no more use than burning a dozen
cubic feet of air in order to destroy the germs
of yellow fever infesting a whole neighborhood.
Germs of these troubles are doubtless ever
present in myriads, and grow only when the
season or the subject is favorable to their de-
velopment. When a plum or cherry tree is badly
infested with knot, it may as well be cut down,
thrown away, and a new one planted in its place.
The only remedy is in preventing the spores
from germinating even though conditions be
favorable. Sulphur is inimical to the the great part
of these minute organisms. It is tolerably clear
that they germinate from the outside, and if some
wash in which sulphur forms a part, be applied
yearly to a cherry or plum tree, we have an idea
that the black knot would seldom be troublesome.
In old well-cared-for, Dutch gardens in Pennsyl-
vania, where the trees are annually cleaned with
simple lime wash, black knot is almost unknown.

Quicksilver for the Phylloxera. — A corre-
spondent believes that a httle quicksilver mixed
with dirt or sand, is used successfully against the
Phylloxera in France. Does any one know of
the exact proportions or manner of use ?

To Keep Zinc Labels from Wearing.— Mr.
E. S. Carman says : " Referring to what " F. W."
says (page 164 Gardeners' Monthly), let me
say : Use copper wire, and pass it through the
hole twice or thrice, instead of once, forming a
! loop ; draw it as tight as can be, and the label
will never move upon the wire afterwards."

I Forcing Strawberries. — Mr. M. J. Nagel.
Jefferson City, Mo., writes : " I see the question in
June number of the Gardeners' Monthly has

: not been answered, in regard to forcing straw-

274

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

berries. I forced strawberries for many years with
good success. I forced strawberries in a hot-bed
frame with one steam pipe running through. I

Figs for Drying "J. P.," Dixon, Solano co.,

Cal., says : " Oblige me by the following infor-
mation if vou can ; Out here in California we have

put the plants as near to the glass as possible, say t several varieties of figs. A few of them are good
9 inches at the lower end and 12 inches at the ' for market undried, but are perfectly useless for
upperendof the hot-bed frames. Let them have as ! commerce. This climate is undoubtedly the best

m'AW*

Wi

WJ./ '-k'^-^^i^^

m

^'i

K

The Jewell Strawberry. (See description, page 273.)

much fresh air as possible without freezing them ;
and for the sun in February I had matting made
of pine sticks ^ inch by 6 feet long and 3^ of an
inch apart. This I used every bright day till the
plants had been hardened to the sun. I sprinkled
twice every day to prevent the red spider, and had
two plants in 5-inch pots."

for figs in the world, perfectly dry and free from
summer rains. They grow their two crops very
abundantly. Taking these facts under considera-
tion California yet does not raise any figs for ex-
port, and the reason of this is that we have not
the proper sorts at command. I believe ere long
California will rival the world in exporting dried

I885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

275

figs. Now, what I want to know is about the dried
figs that come from Europe, their names, habits
and where to be had. The true fig of commerce
is what is needed here, and when introduced pro-
perly you will hear of the great strides of fig grow-
ing on this coast."

[We have never understood that it was neces-
sary to use any particular variety of fig in drying.
The Smyrna fig, the one commonly used for dry-
ing in that part of the world, is also to be had in
nurseries. It must not be forgotten that no fig
will dry properly in its natural condition. In fig-
drying countries each fig is dipped in scalding
hot lye before it is placed in the sun to dry. This
causes the pores to open and the fruit rapidly
loses its moisture after this treatment. The lye is
made from the ashes of the fig tree, all pruning
being carefully saved for that purpose Ed.G.M.]

R. E. Lee Peach. — These were received from
Mr. J. H. Parnell, West Point, Georgia, on the
26th of July. It is rather larger than the average
of early peaches that come to our table, measuring
seven and a half inches round, and eight inches
round lengthwise, it being rather oblong in form.
In weight it is nearly five ounces, color greenish
yellow, with deep rosy blush on the sunny side.
Flesh, greenish white with very deep red around

the sub-clinging stone. It is very juicy and rich,
I and excellent in eating qualities. If it does every-
where as well as in these Georgia specimens, it
must be a very superior variety.

The Springfield Black Cap Raspberry —
" W. F. G.," Springfield, Mass., writes : " I send
you by express a sample of our new thornless
black raspberry, " Springfield." We claim it is the
earliest black cap grown ; is prolific and of extra
good quality ; also perfectly hardy and free from
disease. The weather here is extremely hot, but I
hope they will reach you in good condition.
Ripens the last week in June."

[These reached us in a moist condition from in-
cipient fermentation, on the 18th of July, but still
with evidences that it might be a desirable variety.
—Ed. G. M.]

The English Gooseberry A letter received

after our note on the gooseberry went to press, ex-
plained that it was an accidental seedling raised
at Cat.^wissa, Pa., and that it was sent to show
that it was a very abundant bearer, and free from
the mildew which is such a foe to most of the En-
glish race. This plant has been growing at West
Chester four years and has been as clear of mil-
dew all that time as the original plant at Cata-
wissa.

Forestry.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Forest Fires of 1885. — This is a sample of
what we have seen almost daily in the morning
papers ; " Large forest fires are raging at Harvey's
Lake, twelve miles from Wilkesbarre. Fifty men
are fighting the flames, and it is hoped they will
be able to save the cottages in the vicinity."

In New Jersey alone the damages this year will
not be less than ,?i, 000,000. Fifty men clearing
out underbrush and dead material from forest
land, would render these forests secure and save
the miUions annually lost by fire. All we can do
is to reiterate these facts. It may some day be
somebody's business to get legislation in this
direction.

The Age of Yew Trees. — The Garden has an
interesting paper on Yew trees, and their ages.

One at Fountaine Abbey in Yorkshire, was cer-
tainly a large tree of great age when the monastery
was founded in 1 132. The trunk of one is now 26
feet 6 inches in circumference, 3 feet from the
ground. The Tisbury Yew, at Tisbury, Dorset-
shire, is 37 feet in circumference. It is now
hollow and 37 people have taken breakfast to-
gether in the interior. The Arlington is in the
churchyard of that village, near Hounslow. It
has been 50 or 60 feet high. The Darley Dale
Yew, Derbyshire, also in a church yard, at 3 feet
from the ground it is 28 feet round. The Mam-
hilad Yew, in the churchyard of that name near
Ponty pool, at 2 feet 6 inches from the ground is
29 feet 4 inches. The Gresford Yew, in that
churchyard, near Wrexham, Derbyshire, is 22 feet
at the ground, and 29 feet at 5 feet 2 inches, where '
the main branches separate. The Fortingal Yew,
in Fortingal churchyard, near Glen Lyon in Perth-

276

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

shire, was, in 1769, 52 feet in circumference, but
vandalism has taken away mucli of the famous
tree to make drinking cups and other mementoes.

In the United States we have no very old trees,
of course, but there is a noble fellow in German-
town on the grounds of Amos Little, which was
planted soon after the revolution ; and there
was, if not now, a very fine specimen on the
grounds formerly of Miss Longstreth in King-
sessing, which was planted by Young, who was
the competitor of Bartram for the honors of
being the " King's botanist," and who actually
was the first to get the singular Dionaea or
Venus Flytrap, to England alive. We have not
seen this Yew for many years, but suppose the
" march of improvement " will some day slay it,
if it has not already done so.

Plantation of H. G. Russell, of East
Greenwich, Rhode Island. — The Philadelphia

Weekly Press says this gentleman has 230 acres
of forest planting. Part was planted this spring
with two or three-year-old plants of White Pine.
The land is coarse gravel or pure sand, and forms
anarm of land in Narragansett Bay. It was con-
sidered totally unfitted for agricultural uses. The
trees are set thickly and it is proposed to thin after
a while, and the cost of cutting out paid by the
thinnings. White Pine has been found to outgrow
the Scotch Pine on this land in time. The Scotch
grows faster at first, and hence should be planted
with the view of being the kind thinned out. Larch
has also been tried. The rows of Larches are four
feet apart, and stand "quite thickly in the rows."
The Pines are in every fourth row, and are 16 feet
apart in each row, so when Larches and Scotch
Pines are all taken out the whole will be a pure
White Pine forest with trees sixteen feet apart.
TheAilanthus has been but a partial success.

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

DENUDED NOR'WAY SPRUCES.

HY H. F. HILLENMEVER.

The presence of small evergreen branches under
the trees at the close of winter first attracted my
attention two years ago. I do not think it the
work of squirrels, for the twigs may be found on
the new-fallen snow under isolated trees where
it is certain that neither squirrels nor mice have
visited them. That the injury is caused by .an in-
sect is highly improbable, as the twigs are found
in greater abundance during periods of severe
cold. The presence or absence of snow seems to
be immaterial as a factor to the work. I hope
that during the coming winter the cause may be
positively determined. Lexington, Ky.

[We are somewhat of the opinion of Mr. Hillen-
meyer, though the specimens from Prof. Buckhout
show squirrels do sometimes cut the branches.
On our grounds we have no squirrels, and yet the
trees are as thickly strewn with branchlets —
broken at the articulation — not cut by teeth — that
the ground surface beneath the trees is covered.
Prof. Riley finds no trace of insect life at the place
of fracture.— Ed. G. M.]

THE ROSE— ITS PLACE IN ANTIQUITY
AMONG FLOWERS.

BY JOS. H. BOURN.

The Greeks adored the rose, and the Romans
bestowed praises on this flower of the highest an-
tiquity. Anacreon sang its primal birth. Homer
praised its form of grace, and borrowed the
brilliant colors to paint the glowing richness of
the rising sun. Herodotus exulted over the sixty-
petaled varieties which grew spontaneously in the
gardens of Midas in Macedonia. Catullus vaunted
its charms, and Horace admired the "richly-tinted
face whose bloom is soon fled." Virgil contrasts
1 the pale sallow with the blushing hues, and extols
the roses of Pastum with their "double spring."
These costly ornamental gardens, destroyed al-
most ten centuries ago, no longer shed the morning
fragrance of rose perfume. Nettles and brambles
entangle the footpath of the traveller, and as a po-
etic memory the cyclamen and the violet now trail
among the debris of the old city. Ansonius, at the
very end of Latin literature, draws from the rosaries
of Pastum a picture of beauty doomed to premature
decline, "and watched the luxurious rose-beds all
dewy in the young light of the rising dawn star."
Roses 1)ore away the palm from all the flowers

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

277

during the sovereignty of Augustus and subse-
quent rulers ; but Cicero did not approve of the
custom of those who were given to hixurious en-
tertainments of taking their meals reclining on rose
leaves. Verres, a Roman Governor of Sicily,
gave audiences with wreaths of roses around his
neck and upon his head, sitting upon a cushion
made of the finest Malta linen, full of sweet-
scented rosebuds. Cleopatra and Nero extrava-
gantly decorated their banqueting halls with rosy
ornaments and garlands, and distinguished guests
were greeted amid roseate bowers, while the
merry dance went round in an atmosphere redo-
lent with roseal odors. Every evidence exists that
we must connect the rose with the love of antiquity,
for the ancients preserved its luxury, and it was the
ornament of their festivals, their altars and their
tombs, while their poets made the rose the symbol
of innocence and modesty, of grace and beauty.
It is even probable that the Romans had roses of
similar species with some of those we now culti-
vate, since they practiced sowing the seed, as well
as propagated by cuttings, by budding and
grafting. Hothouse growth was also understood
and practiced, says Seneca, and it was a boast to
have carried to perfection this flower, so far as to
surpass the cultivators of Alexandria, Memphis
and Rhodes. That the rose never tires is shown
by its reputation through all ages. A hundred
generations have passed attended by revolution of
empires and desolating invasions, but time has
not detracted from the loveliness of beauty's
queen, nor has renewed associates made the rose
less alluring.

Memory bears us up the stream of time, when
we are to believe that the roses in the famous
gardens of the East were as pure and constant as
now, relics of Eden's bowers, "sweet nurslings of
the vernal skies, bathed in soft airs." The same
resistless beauty was doubtless manifest, flaunting
in the shades of early morn ; the same sunshine
loved theili then, because they were so fair; the
same closing and fading of the petals was descried
under the dropping of the gloaming dews. In
their original clime, where the powers of admira-
tion were never exhausted, the Syrian and Musk
rose, replete with dewy wine, covered the sacred
ground. No frost candied the grass, emblems of
life continually existed, and roses glowed in gem-
like tinges, hanging in cataracts from the gray
walls of the fortified villages, topped by a crown of
foliage. Amid such scenes the traveller exclaimed,
in admiration, " Who can paint like nature ?" as
one beholds this shadowy curtain of gorgeous

colors on mouldering stone-work, when the sun
goes down behind the amethyst-tinted hills.

In summer time, in our favored locality, the ad-
mirer of the rose can find refreshment, rest and
peace in this parterre, as he surveys with delight
his favorite collection, whose brightness and sweet-
ness bring tender memories, solaces and hopes ;
while the reflections awakened by floricultural
nomenclature afford new sources for enjoyment.
This companionship of distinguished acquaintances
attired in rich apparel — the Counts and Duchesses,
Princes and Barons, Queens and Empresses,
Lords and Marquises, Ladys and Sirs, Madames
and Mademoiselles, are a royal family grand and
graceful when expanded to fullest beauty of
flowers, purple, red and white, amidst rosebuds,
blushing through their bowers of green, more
lovely because more concealed. Providence, R. I.

EFFECT OF DROUTH ON PLANTS.
BY ERNEST WALKER.

Several weeks have passed since rain has fallen
here; and all the time the July sun has been
pouring down his rays most fiercely and unmerci-
fully. At noon the mercury usually stands at
something near 100'^— and one day at io40_in the
shade.

The wilted foliage of trees and plants shows
vegetation to be suffering ; and seemingly, as if
apprehensive that their end was near, flowering
plants have been blooming with unwonted pro-
fusion and splendor, seeming to indicate that in
case they were exterminated their object was to
provide for a succeeding generation. Verbenas
and Geraniums have assumed their richest hues
and have been blooming in prodigal abundance.

Even the tardy Chrysanthemum, with similar
apprehension, is flowering and covered with buds.
The flowers are perfect, but the delicate petals, un-
able to bear the sun, are scorched and withered
at the tips. The usually white ones have a lemon-
ish tint. The flowers are evidently produced at
the expense of growth and foliage. The jagged
leaves of the blooming Chrysanthemum are
changed to entire tri-lobate, and much smaller
than usual, some being merely bracts ; which with
the numerous small and slender stems, bearing
the flowers, greatly changes the characteristic ap-
pearance of the plant.

New Albany, [nd., July 2 2d, 1883.

[The very interesting topic touched on by our

correspondent, has been worked up by modern

scientific investigators, and the cause of coloring.

278

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

and indeed of flowering, found to be, as our corre-
spondent suspects, in connection with a decrease of
vegetative vigor ; not until growth is checked are
flowers formed of that which was intended for
leaves, and with this check the color connected
with flowers comes.

In like manner the check which autumn leaves re-
ceive results in coloring, and the same species of
plants will have a brighter or higher color in a north-
ern or Alpine region, where the struggle for life with
the elements is greater than further south, where the
elements are more favorable to vegetative vigor.
The great development of color in Alpine plants
over those which grow at low elevations is be-
lieved to be referable to this law. Color is an at-
tribute of fading vegetation. — Ed. G. M.]

mans ; and that "it is a common error to ascribe
the attacks of fungous diseases to the influence of
of the weather, not considering that each fungus
has its appointed season of development the same
as a higher plant."

" In fact there is no more reason to suppose that
it is wholly a matter of temperature and moisture
that causes the curl to ripen its spores, and complete
its yearly growth before the heats of midsummer
arrive, than that the same cause regulates the ap-
pearance of the peach blossoms. It is rather the
hereditary habit which even the weather is rarely
able to alter."

All who have watched the development of

WILD FLOWERS OF ROCHESTER, N. Y.,
AS COMPARED WITH CALIFORNIA.

Twice I have made a list of the species of wild
plants found in a mile's walk — on one occasion
from my residence, by way of street and canal-side,
to Fair Grounds, on the edge of the town ; on the
other, going over ground some hundreds of feet re-
moved from this, but still embracing a like amount
of dry and wet soil. On each trip the number of
species noted was either ninety-six or ninety-seven
— the number overlooked being perhaps twenty or
thirty.

In a walk of equal length— but including digres-
sions laterally from 75 to 100 feet — along the edge
of the river at Santa Cruz, Cal. — the ground being
sandy, in parts quite damp and subject to over-
flow in spring — 120 species were booked. The
time in each case was from two to three hours.

Two or three short subsequent visits to the same
ground along the San Lorenzo yielded me about
thirty additional species, with perhaps as many as
twenty-five to fifty species overlooked.

In corresponding localities, or situations, this
proportion of wildlings for the two sections — the
Pacific and Atlantic coasts— would probably hold
good. . Rochester, N. Y.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Curl in the Peach. — In the report of the
Botanist to the New York agricultural experiment
station (we shall soon have to have a reform in
these long names, as well as in the names of
fruits) Prof. Arthur says the "curl " in the peach
leaf is caused by a small fungus, Exoascus defor-

Plum Bladders.

fungous plants must agree with Prof. Arthur to
this extent, that these little plants cannot grow till
the season ot development has come ; but on the
other hand, they will not grow then, unless the
conditions be favorable. A peach tree may have
within its tissues the spores or mycelium of the curl
fungus in a sort of hereditary condition, but it will
not develop under a high temperature. We be-
lieve it to be conceded that no one ever saw a
case of curl in a peach tree grown under glass. It
is also very curious to note how the same fungus
operates differently in different plants. The curl
attacking the leaves of the peach, does not, we be-
lieve, infest the leaves of the plum, but will the

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

279

plum fruit. We know of a tree of the American
wild plum, Prunus Americana, that never bears a
perfect fruit. They are nothing but hollow green
bladders, as in the cut annexed.

As we understand, this result comes from the
attack of precisely the same fungus as produces
the curl in the leaf of the peach. It may be
hereditary in this pb.nt. for it always appears in
this tree, at least we have known it five years in
succession ; and we have little doubt if grafts
were taken from this tree to one free from the
disease, branches from these grafts would contrive
to produce plum bladders instead of plum fruit.
We could give other instances proving the cor-
rectness of Prof. Arthur's position, that the curl
fungus when it once gets possession of a tree, be-
comes an inseparable part of it through all subse-
quent propagation, though it may not develop
into active life unless the climatal conditions are
favorable.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Variations among Plants. — " B.," Leesburg,
Fla., says : "I have found your articles on fertili-
zation very interesting. Since 1 read about the fig
in your magazine, [ thought that since those
fruits have been raised for so many years by
means other than seeds, perhaps they do not re-
quire fertilizing at all. For instance, the ordinary
banana down here, which I believe is properly the
plantain, seems to set all its fruit as far as the
plant is able to sustain them; but the cultivated
banana is seedless because it has been divided for
so long that the seeds have become abortive. I
think perhaps the varieties of oranges which have
abortive seeds may not require cross-fertilizing.
Don't you think that in the case of the self-ferti-
lized fig the fleshy part may form all right, but if
the seeds were sown they would prove deficient in
vitality ? Some numbers back you told me about
bud variation, and that you considered that from
a fertilizing point of view it made distinct individu-
als. That I can quite believe, but bud variation
was known in Darwin's time, as Rose Isabella
Sprunt and some chrysanthemums, were known in
his time; but then I suppose Darwin considered
floriculture a morbid taste for monstrosities and
perhaps overlooked it. I am afraid I am rather
one of those persons who " want to know you
know;" but don't you think the case where two
black grapes were crossed and produced a white
one, one of their ancestors was a white one, just as
in the case in human beings where some one has

a faint "dash of de tar brush" one of their
children may have the features of a negro? or do
you think that in some cases by crossing two
plants much alike you might get the opposite ? for
I know that canary breeders never pair two
crested ones because they are apt to turn out bald."

[Any questions from correspondents are welcome,
as none of us know all we want to learn, and even
the Editor is indebted to correspondents for sug-
gestions leading to investigations that might not
otherwise be undertaken. In the present case it
may be remarked that there is no necessity for
looking back to ancestry to account for the ap-
pearance of variations. If there were but one or
a single pair of parents in each case, the variations
we see must be wholly new and not reversions. If
there were originally but one apple, some of the forms
or colors that have since been introduced must be
wholly new creations. So with seedless fruits.
There are seedless apples, pears, persimmons and
other fruits well-known to have sprung at once
into existence, and with no relation to continual
propagation as in the case of the banana.

In the case of the fig, we are not so sure that the
seeds are as defective as they are generally sup-
posed to be. In these matters very few people ex-
amine for themselves. Even with a fig before
them it is more than likely it would not be touched,
but some book be looked up to find out what some-
body said ages ago. We have now in sight of our
window a young fig tree that came up in some
kitchen waste and could only have sprung from
seed of a dried fig. It is not liiv-ely this was the
only perfect seed. It is a well-known axiom in
natural seed sowing that there are hundreds of per-
fect seeds produced for every one that in the
struggle for life ever gets to be a plant. — Ed. G. M.]

Odor in Cereus grandiflorus. — "A. G. :"
We are indebted to our valued correspondent for
the following note: "The Editor of Gardeners'
Monthly, on p. 235, has forgotten the old and'
long-recorded fact that the fragrance of Cereus
grandiflorus is intermittent — comes as it were in
puffs, at intervals."

Tobacco Changing to Petunias. — "C. H.,"
Pembroke, Genesee Co. ,N.Y., writes: " I sowed this
spring on a hot-bed three varieties of tobacco —
Conn. Seed Leaf, Hayne's and Wilson. It came
up well, and what seems strange to me, there is
not one plant of tobacco in the lot. They are all
petunias and now in bloom. Of the white variety
there can be no mistake about the seed, as I grew
and saved the seed myself. Can you account for

28o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

the change ? Did you ever know of the like ? or
is it a common thing, though it may seem so very
strange to me ? You may say that 1 must be
wrong about the seed, but there is positively no
mistake, in the seed or otherwise. I would be
glad of an explanation."

[The genus to which tobacco belongs, Nicotiana,
is very closely allied to Petunia^ndeed some
Petunias were once referred to Nicotiana by some
good botanists. Still, the change in the wholesale
way described by our correspondent is so very un-
likely, that, notwithstanding his certainty that
there has been no mistake, we should advise him
to try it again. Sow some of the petunia seed
and see if it go back to tobacco ; and sow some
tobacco and note if it changes toward petunia.
If there be no mistake about the wholesale change
this season, there will surely be some tendency
that way next year. — Ed. G. M.]

Fertile Japan Yam. — Mr. Wm. Muir, Fox
Creek, St. Louis Co., Missouri, writes: '' I enclose
portion of vine of Dioscorea Batatas, with seed

vessels and bulblets. I have cultivated the Dio-
scorea Batatas since about 1858, and occasionally
noticed a vine thus to 'sport.' Believing that it
is thought that we have only the ' male plant " in
this country, the tendency to variation is curious.
I have tried to vegetate the capsules, but some-
thing always interfered ; still I hope to have some
so perfect as to vegetate."

[Thanks for the specimen — we have never seen
a fertile one before. The change of sex as it is
commonly called— that is to say, the appearance of
male or female flowers on plants wholly of the
opposite sex — is not of unfrequent occurrence,
though over a quarter of a century ago, when the
change of sex in the strawberry was before the
public, it was as much as people could do to give
credit to the fact, even when so able a botanist as
1 Dr. Wm. Darlington had to tell the Cincinnati
Horticultural Society he had some reason for be-
lieving it. It only requires an occasional glance
at some of these old issues to discover that the
world of intelligence does move.— Ed. G. M.]

Literature. Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

OUR LADY'S GARDEN.

BY R. A. OAKES.

II.

Virgin's pinch is so called because Our Lady
left the impress of her fingers upon it ; the rose-
mary flowers, in joy at the Passion of our Lord,
because she spread the infant's linen over ittodry.
Broom and chickweed are compelled forever to
rustle, because, in her flight with the infant Jesus,
they betrayed her to the soldiers of Herod ; and
she was rescued by the juniper opening its arms
and concealing her ; and, in honor of this act, the
Italians even now use the latter to decorate their
stalls at Christmas-tide. The Polypodium vulgare
is said to have sprung from the Virgin's milk.
The purple flowering lady's thistle had its leaves
beautifully diversified from the same source. She
blessed the sage, and it was call officinalis Christi.
The little star-flower, known as Our Lady's bed-
straw, has its romantic legend. When the differ-

ent plants were summoned to form a couch for
the Mother and Child in the stable, they all made
various excuses, until this modest flower offered
itself and was rewarded by having its snowy
petals turned to gold. The Magyars believe that
every kernel of wheat needs only to be split in the
center to disclose the impress of the Virgin and
Child.

The flowers that in classic mythology and Scan-
dinavian folk lore blossomed for Venus and
Holda, under monkish direction, were transferred
to the Virgin. The rose was sacred to the northern
maternal goddess ; she was affectionately termed
Frau Rose and Mutter Rose ; but when the Virgin
Mother usurped her place she became Marien-
roschen. Holda blessed and guarded the flax ;
but to the German maiden of to-day it is Unser
Frauen Flacks ; to the French peasant, lin de
Notre Dame. So Freyja-jargrass became lady's
tresses, and Niilrd's glove (Spongia marina) lady's
hand. The maiden hair fern, sacred to Venus,
became Mariengrass; the Matricaria parthenium,
devoted to Minerva, the herb of the blessed Mary.

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

281

The clematis, from its " shady covertures in the
garden " was called lady's bower; the clustering
blossoms of the pink thrift, lady's cushion ; the
primula, lady's candlestick ; the Scandix pecten,
lady'scomb; striped grass, lady's garters; quaking
grass, lady's hair ; white-flowered wormwood, lady's
smoke ; Campanula hybrida, lady's looking-glass;
hare bell, lady's thimble; Cypripedium, lady's
shpper ; the fuchsia, lady's eardrop ; dodder,
lady's laces; briony, lady's seal ; Alchemilla vul-
garis, lady's mantle; the glistening drops that
sparkle on the sundew and the lily of the valley,
lady's tears. In fact, all flowers are dedicated to
Our Lady, but pre-eminently those bearing any
fancied resemblance to the human body.

In France, the beautiful veronica is called les
yeux de la bonne Vierge ; the spearmint, menthe
de Notre Dame ; the Italians calling it erba santa
Maria; the Germans, Frauenmiinze. With the
latter, campanula is Marienglockchen ; costmary,
Frauenbalsam. In Tuscany a little plant, with
tiny flowerets ot whitish rose color, is known as
Madonna's herb, and on Ascension Day, when
plucked and hung on the walls, will frequently
flower, when it is regarded as a special manifesta-
tion of Our Lady's pleasure.

Among the fruits, the cherry is dedicated to the
Virgin. The legend tells us that Mary longed for
some of the fruit, and when Joseph, in answer to
her request, told her to call upon the father of her
child, the branch immediately bent within her
reach. The strawberry, once Holda's, is sacred
to the Virgin. In the Tyrol they have a folk tale
of a boy and girl picking strawberries, when the
Virgin, clad in shining raiment, appeared to them.
The little girl rose respectfully, but the boy, true
to his Gargantuan instincts, kept feeding on the
luscious fruit. The Virgin gave each a golden
box. From the girl's there flew an angel, who
bore her up to Heaven, while two great black
worms came from the boy's, bearing him away in-
to the black forest.

The rose of Jericho is the rose of the Madonna,
the Arab designating it Kaf Ma'ryam — Mary's
hand. The early pilgrims to the Holy Sepulcher
asserted that, wherever Mary and Joseph rested
in their flight, this rose sprang into bloom. It was
thought to ease the pains of parturition by its very
presence ; and not only in the East, but in Italy
and Germany, women placed it by their bedsides.
Sir Thomas Browne, in his " Pseudodoxia Epi-
demica," gives some very curious information re-
garding this flower.

Many of Our Lady's feast days have particular

flowers consecrated to them. At the purification,
February 2d, the snowdrop takes the place of her
image on the altar, and in her honor is called the
fair maid of February. There is a charming folk
tale connected with this flower. When Eve, ex-
pelled from Paradise, roamed, broken-hearted,
over the barren earth, and the snow fell cold and
silently, an angel breathed upon a downy flake,
and bade it bud and bloom. Before it touched
the ground. Eve saw it, and her heart grew light,
and she loved it better than all the brightest
blossoms of Eden. Then, as the angel vanished
with the assurance that this flower should ever re-
main the harbinger of sun and summer, where his
feet had touched rings of snow-drops formed.

To the Annunciation, March 25th, belong the
marigold, almond and narcissus. It is said that the
Virgin always wore the marigold on her bosom, and
that it blossomed at all the feasts held in her honor.
The French peasants think that if it be touched on
Annunciation day by the bare foot of one whose
heart is pure it will impart a knowledge of the
language of birds. A branch of the almond
formed the miraculous rod of Aaron, that budded,
flowered, and fruited in the temple ; while the nar-
cissus, the daffodil of which Rob Herrick sings
so enchantingly, holds an honored place in myth
and song. Lady's smock, the chemise de Notre
Dame of the French, becomes " all silver white "
on this feast day. Its little flowers resemble dainty
smocks spread out on the deepening verdure of
the spring meadows to bleach. It is called the
cuckoo flower, because, as old Gerard tells us, "it
flowers when the cuckoo doth begin to sing her
pleasant song without stammering." At the feast
of the Nativity the Virgin's altars are decked with
the amellus, long used in the worship of Roman
divinities, while at the feast of the Immaculate
Conception, December 8th, the arbor vitae, type
of immortality, holds conspicuous place. — Inde-
pendent.

GOOBER AND PINDAR.

BY H. W. RAVENEL.

In regard to the article in July number Garden-
ers' Monthly, page 216, on "Origin of the name
Goober for the Pea nut," 1 will state that among
the negroes in the coast region of South Carolina,
the name "Goober" or "Goober Pea" is applied
exclusively to the Voandzea, whilst "Pindar" or
"Pindah" is always given to the well-known Pea
nut, Arachis.

These two plants have the similar habits of

282

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

I.

blooming above ground, but ripening their fruit' is actuated solely by a desire to benefit somebody,
beneath the surface. The former is an oval, one- 1 Still, it is a matter of individual interest that per-
sided legume. The seed is hard and requires boil- '< haps ought to come under the head of " declined ;"

ing before it can be eaten, and is not used parched
like the Pea nut. It is not as rich nor as palatable
as the Pea nut.

The Goober Pea, or Voandzea, was cultivated
very commonly by them 50 or 60 years ago, but it
is now very rarely seen. Other and better varie-
ties of Beans and Peas have taken its place.

I have always been under the impression that
these two vegetable productions were brought over
to this country by the .'Vfricans and. under their
different names, have been cultivated by their de-
scendants here. Aiken, South Carolina.

but in view of the fact that the note calls attention
to a point of very general interest, and a correct
point as we believe, — that there is a vast field in
growing towns for people to build up business in-
stead of crowding into the already overdone cities,
we cheerfully give place to the communication. —
Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

WHERE FLORISTS SHOULD LOCATE.

BY R. C. POPPEY.

This question many florists ask themselves, and
with but few exceptions, I dare say, all imagine ored^ to perform the unpleasant duty
that, in order to be successful they must locate as
closely to a metropolis as possible, regardless of
the fact that already too many are huddled there,
battling with the law that allows only the fittest to
exist. On my arrival to this city, Elmira, New
York, I wondered how it had escaped the eye of
so many practical florists, who have settled in lo-
calities where they eke out a miserable existence.
I know of no place where more money is so liber-
ally expended for plants, and especially cut
flowers as is here. For funeral purposes it is
scarcely equaled in a city double its size. Not
alone is Elmira to be considered, but also the live-
ly httle villages that surround it. A practical
florist would find no opposition, from the fact that
no flowers worth speaking of are raised here. 1
know florists in the eastern part of this state who
are tasty in making up flowers, but are wholly de-
pendent upon shipping to New York City, that
would find it more profitable to open a neat store
here. I am a practical florist myself and there-
fore know what I am saying. I have no mercenary
motives for this communication, and if the Gar-
deners' Monthly does not consider it out of or-
der, I would willingly give further information
through its columns or by letter.

415 Walnut St., Elmira, N. V.

[The Editor has to distinguish between that
which is wholly personal, and that which is of in-
terest to a very large circle of readers, — the latter
only being the guide as to what should have a
place in the magazine. In the present case Mr.
Poppcy has no personal interest in this matter, and

Lawson or Comet Pear. — We note that some
question is still raised as to our decision in this
matter. If wrong we shall be glad to be set right,
for we can have no personal interest in the decision
one way or another. We are simply asked to de-
cide an unpleasant controversy, and have endeav-

The rules of
the American Pomological Society say —

I. The originator or introducer (in the order
named) has the prior right to bestow a name upon
a new or unnamed fruit, and —

4. Should the question of priority arise between
different names for the same variety of fruit, other
circumstances being equal, the name first public-
ly bestowed will be given the preference.

lender rule 4, if a variety be found of which no
one knew the origin, introducer, or owner, and
thus several persons named differently the one
thing, the first name given would be adopted. In
this instance if no one knew where the pear was
owned or by whom introduced. Comet would be
justifiable as the first name published. But here
the "circumstances are not equal" for the Lawsons
were known to own the Pear, and first introduced
it to Mr. Cay wood and others ; and, so far as we
understand the English language, have the prior
right to bestow a name. We cannot see that the
fact that Mr. Caywood did not think proper to
consult the owner, who introduced the grafts to
him, as to what name it should bear, stands in
the least in the way of the owner's right to name it
under the rules adopted by the American Pomo-
logical Society.

If any one can show that this decision is wrong
we shall very cheerfully recede from it, having,
as already said, no reason for any prejudice in
favor of any name.

History of the Leconte Pear. — When the
average literary man — the literary magazine man —
gets off his horse, he is very apt to carry his poet's

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

283

license along with him. We rarely find one who
can give any historical fact correctly. Joaquin
Miller, the " Poet of the Sierras," has been writing
letters from Florida, and fills up his columns with
the following account of the Leconte Pear: —

"This new, sandy land cannot be very rich, it
seems to me. \et the people tell me it is amazing-
ly productive. They showed me a pear-tree, yes-
terday, as we drove down the old Ponce de Leon
trail, that, last year, brought the owner S148. This
is a Leconte pear-tree, and is only eight years old.
The fruit ripens in July, and is bought by New
York dealers as it grows on the tree at the fabu-
lous price of four dollars per bushel. This tree is
a production of this latitude, and is a revelation.
The parent tree is still standing. The fruit was
discovered and developed by a French gardener,
whose name it bears. Many new comers from the
North are now clearing off and planting land with
this remarkable Leconte Pear. In a year or two
the shores of this Fountain of Youth will be blos-
soming with the discovery of the French garden-
er."

Our readers need not be told that the Leconte
Pear is not a native of Florida, and that the origi-
nal tree is not still standing in Florida, nor was it
"discovered and developed," whatever that may
mean, by any French gardener, and the man
"whose name it bears" was not a Frenchman,
though his ancestors were. In fact the only "rev-
elation" Miller has had in the matter is a mere
guess at the whole thing because "le conte" hap-
pens to be French. Possibly a tree eight years
old from the graft might produce thirty-seven
bushels of Pears, but if the price is " fabulous," the
measure may be so also.

Downing's Fruits and Fruit-trees of Amer-
ica.— Mr. Charles Downing told Mr. Green of the
Fruit Grower, that he never had any pecuniary in-
terest in this work. The copyright belongs to Mrs.
A. J. Menell, who was formerly Mrs. .\ndrew Jack-
son Downing.

H.\RD-W0RKiNG EDITORS. — The London Gar-
deners' Magazine has the following : " Editors
make a poor figure in the affairs of the National
Rose Society. There were four in the last list of
the general committee, and not one of them at-
tended a single meeting throughout the year. It
is a folly to appoint editors to offices they have
not shown a desire to fill. Perhaps they would do
many of the things that 'are required or expected
of them could they be provided with more than
twenty-four hours in a day, and occasionally a
few extra heads, arms, legs, and digestive ma-
chinery."

We make room for this paragraph, because it
has been the experience of the present writer. It

is a compliment he highly appreciates, to be asked
to write scores of essays, give innumerable ad-
dresses, visit innumerable pretty places, and serve
on countless committees for all sorts of things.
But the truth must be told, which is, that an Editor
cannot do any of these things.

Prof. J. G. Lemmon. — Prof. J. G. Lemmon
and wife, both excellent botanists and explorers,
well known to our readers, by the many beautiful
flowers they have discovered in their wanderings,
passed through Philadelphia in the first week in
August, on a short visit to the "old home" in the
East before making another plant-hunting journey
next year.

Mr. Edg.'VR S.-vnders. — This well-known and
esteemed florist of Chicago, according to the
Prairie Farmer, which gives an excellent likeness
of him, was born October ist, 1827, at East Grim-
stead, Sussex, in England. There he was educated
to the gardening profession, when in 1853 with
his wife he landed in New York. Within a few
weeks after we find him laying out a suburban
garden at Albany, and subsequently at several
temporary engagements, till he entered with Mr.
Rathbone at Albany, and remained four years.
With a small capital he located in Chicago in 1857.
There was but one small commercial greenhouse
when he started, so that he may be said to be the
father of the florists in Chicago. He retired from
the business four years ago, giving to horticultural
literature the whole of the time, of which it has al-
ways had a very useful part. His earlier writings in
this country were dated from Mr. Rathbone's and
contributed to the Philadelphia Florist.

Andrew McNair Dryburgh..— Some thirty
years ago, when the fame of the florists of Phila-
delphia and the exhibitions of the Pennsylvania
Society filled the land, the name of Andrew M.
Dryburgh was a very common one among the
successful exhibitors. Like many others of note
he came to Philadelphia, a well-educated gardener,
with plenty of knowledge and enthusiasm for his
business, but with little cash. By saving and in-
dustry he accumulated enough to start business,
and eventually purchased a half block of ground
near Logan Square. He was one of the first to
start the business of cut flower growing in Phila-
delphia, and made a specialty especially ot
camellias. At this period they were in great de-
mand, and all that flowered before New Year
brought readily $20 per 100. Mr. Dryburgh had
the oldest and largest plants in the city and knew
how to advance the flower, hence his camellia in-

284

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

come was considered by hisfellow florists to be enor-
mous. In cut flower work he had the run of the best
custom worl<, being fortunate in a first-class helper in
this in his excellent wife. Anxious to retire from the
business he some twenty years ago sold the ground
for a handsome figure to the Academy of Natural
Sciences, and his grand old camellias were sold
and the collection dispersed. Since that time he
has sunk so completely out of sight in his retire-
ment, that it was only by a paragraph in the
morning paper that we knew of his decease last
month, and had to inquire of some of the few old
fellows still living to be sure of the identity of the
good old man. He came to Philadelphia origin-
ally from Scotland, and was in his 74th year at
his decease.

Charles Wright. ^As we go to press the
telegraph announces the death of this eminent
botanist, which occurred on his farm at Weathers-
field, Connecticut, on the nth of August, in his
seventy-fourth year. He was found dead in his
barn. Mr. Wright was one of the earliest of what
might be termed the modern race of enthusiastic
collectors along our Mexican borders, who have
done so much to make the flora of that section
known to us. His name must be familiar to
nearly all plant-lovers in some one plant or
another that has been named for him. As we
pen these remarks two pretty things — Pavonia
Wrightii and Scutellaria Wrightii — are blooming
before us, mementoes of the earnest labors
amidst difficulties and danger modern explorers
are mostly exempt from, but which beset the
early wanderers over our continent. Since "our
time," Mr. Wright has been somewhat retired, and
the writer never had the pleasure but of one brief
introduction to him. But we shall no doubt have
a full tribute to his life and eminent services from
his co-laborers at Cambridge in due season.

The Elm Leaf I5eetle The Entomological

division of the Department of Agriculture has is-
sued a full account of this destructive creature. All
that is known of its history or means for its de-
struction are fully stated.

American Fruit Culturist By J. J. Thom-
as. New Edition. New York : William Wood &
Co. 1885.

If the demand for a work is a proof of its value,
we have the test here, for this has been through so
many since about 1850, we believe, since the first
one appeared that we have lost the exact record.
Besides the cultural directions, which from the pen
of so practical an author as Mr. Thomas must

have a more than ordinary value, the descriptions
of fruits have been brought under better systems
of classifications which make it easier than before
to find out the name of an unknown fruit. But
even yet this will be no easy task. The full de-
scriptions of the best fruits are given in the body of
the work, and the mere names of these with the
brief descriptions of those that are not regarded as
best, occupy 84 pages of the index.

Transactions of the Massachusetts Hor-
ticultural Society. — We are indebted to the
able Secretary of the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society, Mr. Robt. Manning, for the transactions for
the past year. They have been for some time on
our table waiting this acknowledgment. The
essays and discussions at the monthly meetings are
given in full. A copy of this work makes mem-
bership in this Society a great privilege.

Report of Prof. J. C. Arthur, Botanist
to the New York Agricultural Station,
1884. — Even to this day there are excellent horti-
culturists who doubt whether small microscopic
organisms in the vegetable kingdom are capable
of originating disease in plants. They believe
they always follow disease. To these, such a re-
port as this will be welcome if they have any
desire to learn how far they may be wrong. Mr.
Arthur shows that, when persons talk of fungi they
refer to as many forms of vegetable beings as
they would if discoursing of the higher grades of
flowering plants. There are thousands of them,
and just as there are parasites among higher plants
and plants that feed parasites. — so there are fun-
guses that will injure other plants, and funguses
that are no harm at all. The gray color, familiar
to all who know lilac bushes, and called lilac-
mildew, comes from a small fungus known as
Microsphaeria Friesii, — it does not injure a lilac
bush; but the potato fungus, Perenospora infestans,
undoubtedly kills its host. So with remedies.
Though sulphur is a foe to many kinds of these
lower forms it is quite likely some one would find
a fungus that would grow and wax fat on a block
of sulphnr.

In this paper. Prof, .\rthur studies the fungous
diseases of the apple, pear, quince, peach, tomato,
oats, clematis, and Canada thistle. He goes over
again the work of Prof. Burrill, in regard to Bac-
teria causing Fire-blight in the pear, with results
confirming them. The great difficulty we find in
following Prof. Arthur in his details is the uncer-
tainty whether we all understand the same thing
by the same terms. He considers Twig-blight and

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

285

Fire-blight as synonymous, yet, what most fruit
culturists know as twig-blight is certainly the work
of an insect, and the two terms would not be gen-
erally regarded as synonyms. This confusion
then naturally results in the question, do these
gentlemen mean the same thing by Fire-blight as
we do ? Prof. Arthur's idea is that the chief char-
acteristic is the blackening of the branches and
foliage, usually accompanied with a peculiar putre-
factive odor. But there are several troubles that
are characterized in this way that are certainly not
due to the causes that produce what most fruit
growers know as Fire-blight. There is a sudden
blackening of the leaves that seldom reaches even
the petioles, very common among pear-trees about
midsummer ; and there is a blackening of the
leaves and young stems soon after they push in
spring, and which the old folks, for want of better
knowledge, called " Frozen-sap blight," which, no
doubt, of fungus origin, is not Fire-blight. And then
we know that the true Fire-blight starts at some
fixed spot on a branch, killing the tissue only for a
few inches, and that it is only when the branch is
literally girdled for these few inches, thus stopping
the upward flow of the sap, that the upper leaves
turn black, presumably for want of food. Yet, as
we understand it, bacteria are found in these black
leaves, as they are in all decaying substances, and
we have not been able in our minds to connect the
bacterium introduced into a four or five year old
branch by inoculation, and which may girdle it,
with the bacterium found in the dying leaves, be-
cause there is so much bark tissue uninjured
between the dying leaves and the small spot where
the enemy's attack was made.

Again, Prof. Arthur regards the " Apple-blight "
and Pear (Fire) blight as identical in origin. But
there are so many forms of " blight " in the apple,
that must have different originations, that we again
wonder whether the author and reader can possi-
bly mean the same thing. There is one kind that
seems to start early in the spring by eating away
both wood and bark, getting deeper and wider each
year, but only once in a while extending wholly
round the stem. It may work for several years
before it gets completely round, but when it does
the whole foliage above blackens and dies — not
quite — but nearly as suddenly as in the usually
recognized " Fire-blight." -A^nother form seems to
delight in operating at the point of junction with a
branchlet and branch. In this case a tree often
presents the pecuharity of nearly all the smaller
branchlets in the interior of the tree with browned
or blackened leaves. When the leading branches

die we have rarely seen more than the growth
of the last year suffer; we do not know that we
ever saw an aged branch, or a whole tree, go off "in
a night " as we tind in the pear-tree they often do.
These different experiences lead one to doubt
whether the author and the reader have the same
ideas when the same terms are used ; and we be-
lieve it is because this uncertainty very frequently
arises that the conviction which the authors of such
treatises as this hope to carry to the reader's mind,
fail to have the desired effect.

The A.\ieric.\n Florists. — The .'American
Florists had a good time at Cincinnati. There
were some four hundred in attendance, Philadel-
phia having much the largest delegation present
outside of the place of meeting. Twenty-one
Philadelphians were present. New York coming
next with sixteen. The papers were of a high or-
der of excellence. President John Thorpe dwelt
chiefly on the reasons for the society's existence.
24,000,000 cut roses were sold last year; carnation
flowers bethought would reach 125,000,000; $200,-
000 represent about the amount paid the Dutch
last year for hyacinths and tulips ; 700 people
are supposed to be engaged in selling florists' sup-
plies, and there are probably 2000 cut flower
sellers. Florists have grown four-fold in ten
years. Catalogues have increased five-fold — these
make trade for those who do not catalogue.
Florists are the most generous of human beings.
Few people give so much of their ware to public
institutions as florists. Still, it was a generosity that
paid by the increase of floral taste. There were
2,000 first-class gardeners in the United States,
and thousands of amateurs without professional
help. The address was well received.

The Rose essay of John May was an exhaustive
treatise, and one of the best features of the conven-
tion. The tea rose was the most important to the
cut flower grower. Cuttings are put in in January.
In about six weeks they are shifted to four-inch
pots ; in four or five weeks shift to 6s or 7s.
About the end of June they are planted in shallow
benches. Manure water is notgiven till February.
Mildew is cured by sulphur and linseed oil or
milk, painted on the pipes. Green fly is banished
by tobacco stems on the floor of the house. Hybrid
perpetuals do best flowered wholly in pots. Dried
off about 1st of August, if wanted by Christmas,
starting growth about middle of September. Mr.
May concluded his admirable essay by some en-
couraging thoughts about raising seedling roses.
Craig, of Philadelphia, Henderson, of Flushing,

286

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

Taylor, of Long Island, Hill, of Richmond, Thorpe,
of Queens, Hendricks, of Albany, Benner, of
Xenia, and Jordan, of St. Louis, discussed the
essay.

Michel, of St. Louis, discussed good cut flower
plants for spring and summer, naming particularly
Freesia refracta alba.

Hot water and steam took up a whole afternoon
and evening. A large number of delegates par-
ticipated in the discussion, and it was remarkable
how much was said in favor of both methods.

The third day found a good time in a reception
by Mayor Probasco at his beautiful residence at
Clifton. This beauty spot will never be forgotten
by those who participated. Philadelphia was
selected as the place of meeting for next year. A
new bi-monthly magazine, in the interest of the
trade, published in Chicago, was circulated at
the meeting, and was warmly received as likely to
be of great service to flower growing and flower
growers. It is called the American Florist, and
seems to have in this first number the elements
of complete success.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Maurandva Barclavana. — "Alexa" says:
" Can you tell me the history of a plant I greatly
admire, and which is known in gardens as the
Barclayana Vine ? I have looked through Mr.
Henderson's Handbook of Plants, which, by the
way, I highly value, without finding anything
about it, which omission seems remarkable in a
plant so common and so beautiful."

[Its proper name is Maurandya Barclayana, and
it will be found in Henderson under this name.
We do not know why it is that flower lovers have
dropped the name of the genus for that of the
species in this case. It looks like a determined
effort on the part of flower lovers to ignore the

honor to a lady which this pretty Mexican genus
was intended to establish. The author of the name,
Ortega, says it is for "Donna Catherina Pancratia
Maurandy, wife of Don Augustin Juan, Professor
in the Royal Botanic Garden of Carthagena — a
learned lady, a sharer, if not indeed a leader in her
husband's botanical labors." But all our text books
give the honor to "Dr. Maurandy, Professor of
Botany in Carthagena." It is remarkable that after
the botanists should have dropped the lady, ladies
themselves, whom we supposed started " Barclay-
ana Vine," should have also given to a man the
honor intended forthe Professor's wife. — Ed.G.M.]

Lily of the Valley. — A correspondent in-
forms us that in the farming districts of Pennsyl-
vania, about Reading, the common people univer-
sally call Pyrola rotundifolia, one of the winter
greens. Wild Lily of the Valley.

Old Olive Groves in Florida. — A Doyles-
town, Pa., correspondent writes ; "About three years
ago I wrote asking thee the name of a grove of ex-
ceedingly crooked, twisted, gnarled trees, at the
mouth of the St. Johns, Florida. After persistent
inquiry it turned out to be an Olive'grove, planted,
I doubt not, by early settlers of that part of our
coast. It seems there is another Olive grove on
an island (Sullivan's) on the coast of Georgia. All
the name we could get for these^trees^when there,
was, the 'Devil-tree.' "

Queer Names. — A correspondent says: "It is
amusing how plants get queer names. ' Joseph
on the palings ' for Josephine de Malines Pear-
reminds me of a joke of a similar kind. Recently
a lady friend going through my garden asked a
' name which I told her was a kind of Lythrum. I
was surprised some days afterward to be told that
I the ' Bed-room ' plant I had called her attention
to, was certainly a beautiful thing. She wished
me to note by this reference that she had remem-
bered the name."

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

DUTCH PRIZES FOR AMERICAN EXHIBI-
TIONS.
BY J. H. KRKLAAGE.

The General Union for the Cultivation of Bulbs,

under the patrona'ge of the King of the Netherlands,

at Haarlem, Holland, has in view to promote by j Pennsylvania Horticultural Society at|PhiIadclphia

all proper means, the love for flowers in general,
and in particular the growing, and consequently
the trade in flower roots; and to this end offer to
the leading horticultural societies of the United
States, out of their funds, prizes for hyacinths in
bloom at the spring exhibitions of 1886. These
offers have been accepted with thanks by the

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

287

and by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society at
Boston.

For the spring shows of 1 886, of either of these two
societies, at Philadelphia and Boston, there will be
offered by the Federative General Union above-
named prizes for 50 hyacinths grown in pots in
50 varieties, to be competed for by nurserymen,
seedsmen and florists dealing in these articles.
The prizes will consist of medals, engraved with
the official stamp of the Union. As first prize, a
gold medal; as second prize, a silver gilt medal;
and as third prize, a silver medal. If it is proved
that there is some success by this offering, it is the
intention of the General Union to offer a following
year again prizes for hyacinths, and perhaps too
for tulips, narcissus and other articles of the Dutch
bulb trade at various exhibitions in the U. S.

When is considered the small importations of
flower-roots to the United States — a country so
very powerful in wealth and increasing in civiliza-
tion— in comparison to what England, Germany,
and other countries employ, it seems that an ad-
vancement and e.\tension of the love for flower
roots must be desirable to all who appreciate the
enjoyment of winter gardening and blooming of
these beautiful flowers. Haarlem, Holland.

INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION AT ANT-
WERP, BELGIUM.

BY M. H. LESTER.

It took just thirteen days per S. S. Penland from
the foot of Grand St., Jersey City, lo see the Expo-
sition. I thought I would just take a race across
and see some plants that would be new to me ; but
in this I am mistaken. However, I am glad I
came, as it ^ives one an idea of how things are
done in other places than America. There is a good
sized park near the centre of the city, in which
American trees and plants are well represented.

The Exposition grounds, although not near so
large as at New Orleans, are in much better con-
dition. It is a long time since I had the opportu-
nity to see Roses and Geraniums in such condition
at this time of the year ; and Carnations look al-
most as good as they did when I was a boy.
I find some very pretty effects in carpet-bed-
ding, but no better nor as good as some 1 have
seen at Fairmount Park, and other pubhc and
private places in the United States. I believe an
attempt has been made of late to cry down this
class of work ; but I do not see why a man with a
taste for it should not be allowed to indulge in it. !
It is not every man can make a success of it by any
means. |

There are two collections of Conifers in the
grounds, of which Auracarias and Japanese C)'-
press — Retinospora — in varieties, form the major
portion. Acer Negundo — sometimes called Box-
elder — is used very freely here in a dwarf state. I
marvel when 1 see Geraniums, Gladiolus, Migno-
nette, Lobelia, Stocks, French Marigold, and sev-
eral other things look so fresh and healthy, when
mine were all done a month before I left New Or-
leans ; but so they ought ! 1 have not seen a ther-
mometer above 60'^ since I have been here, and
when 1 hear folks complaining of the heat it makes
me turn away for politeness, and smile.

Rhododendrons and Azaleas must have been a
sight here earlier. I do not see what in the world
they grow so many Laurus nobilis in tubs for, all
shaved into a sugar-loaf shape, 7 and 8 feet high,
with 2 and 3 feet of bare stem above the tub. If
any one sees any beauty in them, I should like to
know where it comes in. The inside Horticultural
Department appears to have been divided off from
one of the series of buildings occupied by the Ex-
position proper, by a partition and green baize
cloth. The roof is partially glass, shaded with
curtains, and from which the public are rigorously
excluded. But to-day the jury pass their verdict
on the different exhibits, and I see by the papers
that the Horticultural Department will be open to
the public to-morrow, when we shall see what we
shall see.

I made several unsuccessful attempts to get in
to-day. I think it must have been my lack of flu-
ency in the Flemish language "as yet," or want of
the insignia of a juror. At all events I talked
American English to that fellow at the door, at
one time for three-quarters of an hour at a stretch,
and when I paused for breath he only turned his
back on me and closed the door the tighter. I
pitied that poor benighted creature, I did !

Antwerp, Belgium.

THE CACTUSES AT NEW ORLEANS.
We have the following letter on this subject :
"In your July number I find under 'Editorial
Notes,' a quotation from a letter wri<ten you, in
regard to the rare Astrophytum myriostigma. As
I had an exhibit of cacti at the New Orleans Ex-
position, and having had a lady come to me and
inquire for the identical one you mention, wanting
with it another rare cactus, offering for both 75
cents — I had but one of the two, and would not
take 75 cents for the one — I suggested to her to
take two other varieties to the value of 75 cents,
telling her at the same time what she was getting.

288

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

S'lie was buying for another party. Should your
Correspondent refer to this, he simply erred in his
statement to you. I had no Aloe longiaristata.
I would further like to state, in justice to the
judges, that I was awarded four premiums and two
recommended, and that they were awarded ac-
cording to the premium regulations.

"1 should think that, as the Editor of the G.\R-
DENERs' Monthly, and particularly as you want to
express an opinion on the management of the Hor-
ticultural Hall, you should inform yourself about
all the particulars, as everything is recorded and
open to inspection.

" I write this explanation in justice to the jury
and myself as regards my exhibit.

"Very Respectfully, J. H. Erkener."

[Our correspondent is rather tart in the last
paragraph but one, when he comments on the
duty of an Editor to " inform himself about all the
particulars." It is evident that he himself though
on hand where ■' everything is recorded and open
to inspection," has not been able to get at the
exact facts any better than the Editor. Turning
to the July number we find that a lady knowing
that a friend wanted an Astrophytum myriostigma,
bought one for this plant, which turned out to be
something else. Now the present correspondent
writes to us that a lady asked him for a plant of
this kind, but he sold her something else, which
she knew on buying was something else.

Therefore this latter lady cannot possibly be the
same person as the first lady. It would be too
absurd to buy and send to another a plant he did
not want, under the impression that it would suit
him just as well as the one he did want, and
knowing that he would see it was not the one he
wanted.

Surely even an Editor may be pardoned if he
finds it difficult to pursue information properly
with this illustration before him. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

American Pomological Society By the

time some of our readers get this, this body will be
in session at Grand Rapids, Mich., opening on the
gth, and continuing three days. We give the fol-
lowing programme so that those who cannot get
there may note what a good time their more fortu-
nate brothers and sisters are having :

Discussion of new fruits. Apples, Pears, Peaches,
etc.. etc. W. C. Barry of N. Y., T. S. Hubbard of
N. Y., W. C. Strong of Mass.

Proper Nomenclature of Fruits. J. J. Thomas

of N. Y., P. Barry of N. Y., T. T. Lyon of Mich.,
Robert Manning ot Mass.

Nomenclature of Russian Apples. Chas. Gibb
of Quebec.

The Strawberry. F. M. Hexamer of N. Y.

The causes that produce colors in fruits and
their design in nature. Jos. H. Bourn of R. I.

Influence of Pollen on the size, form, color, and
flavor of fruits. C. M. Hovev of Mass., A. S.
Fuller of N. J., Prof. W. R. Laz'enby oi Ohio, W.
Crawford of Ohio.

American Grapes. T. V. Munson of Texas, J.

B. Moore of Mass., G. W. Campbell of Ohio.
Small Fruits. Granville Cowing of Ind., C. A.

Green of N. Y., E. Williams of N. J.

Fruits of the Noitheast. Dr. T. S. Hoskins of
Vt.

Fruits of the North. D. W. Beadle of Ontario.

Fruits of the Northwest. Peter M. Gideon of
Minn., Prof. J. L. Budd of Iowa.

Fruits of the South. P. J. Berckmans of Geor-
gia, T. V. Munson of Texas, John Saul of District
of Columbia.

Fruits of the Pacific Slope. Dr. J. Strentzel of
California.

Lessons from the World's Exposition. L. A.
Goodman of Mo., T. T. Lyon of Mich.

Relative value of Fruits for Canning and Drying
in comparison with those for Dessert and Market.
Josiah Hoopes of Penn.

Insects injurious to Fruits, and Remedies. Prof.
Wm. Saunders of Ontario, Prof. C. V. Riley of
District of Columbia, Prof. W. R. Lazenbv of
Ohio.

Recent experiments with injurious fungi or dis-
eases of plants, with remedies. Prof. T. J. Burrill
of Illinois, Prof. J. C. Arthur of New York, Dr.

C. E. Bessey of Nebraska.

Distant shipment of Fruits, packing, and other
arrangements to secure success and profit. Parker
Earle of Illinois, G. C. Brackett of Kansas.

The best latitude for leading varieties of Apples
for marketing. W. H. Ragan of Ind., C. E. Brown
of N. S.

The best methods for preventing or protection
from frost. Prof. W. R. Lazenby of Ohio, F. K.
Phcenix of Wis.

The best methods of exhibiting fruits. R. W.
Furnas of Neb., Prof. S. Tracy of Mo.

Needs and methods for gathering fruit statistics.
Hon. W. I Chamberlain of Ohio.

Methods of conducting State and Local Horti-
cultural Societies. Geo. Elwanger of N. Y., L.
B. Pierce of Ohio.

Hard problems in Pomology, with hints looking
towards improvements. J. J. Thomas of N. Y.,
Prof. J. L. Budd of Iowa, Judge G. W. Lawton of
Mich.

Injurious Fungi and Diseases of Plants. A pop-
ular illustrated lecture on the evening of Sept. 9th.
By Dr. C. E. Bessey of Nebraska.

Economic Entomology. A popular illustrated
lecture on the evening of Sept. loth. By Prof. A.
J. Cook of Mich.

The closing exercises, on Friday evening of
Sept, nth, will consist of many very short prac-
tical talks.

THE

GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE. ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXVII.

OCTOBER, 1885.

Number 322.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

We have now reached a season when, more than
another, work is in order, and we have to put in
practice the lessons of the year. We shall there-
fore content ourselves with noting briefly things
not so much to be learned as to be remembered.

Plant life is a battle — a struggle with the ele-
ments which it strives to conquer. To do this it
requires food. The successful planter is one who
does not forget this. Thousands of plants live
through hot dry summers, and cold hard winters,
because they have more food than those which
die. Grass, herbaceous plants, bedding flowers,
trees, and shrubs, — all must have manure some-
times, as well as garden vegetables.

Deep soil holds moisture in summer. A dry
hard soil rapidly parts with moisture. Make gar-
den soil deep and open if you would have lawns
and trees resist drouth.

Water must not remain long around roots when
growing, or they smother from want of air. In
clay soils if we deepen the soil we sometimes make
the matter worse. Like a well it holds water.
Water must pass rapidly in the open ground, as in
a flower-pot. So, if you deepen soil see that it is
also underdrained.

Sometimes it is desirable to plant andmakegarden
where the ground cannot be underdrained. Then
elevate the soil so that rain will roll off and pass

away. Trees that do not care to grow in swamps
have been made to grow well by throwing up the
earth a little, on which to plant, so that surplus
water should pass through easily.

Grass wants water and food as well as trees —
but the roots of plants only extend in proportion
to their branches. An Osage Orange tree 30 feet
high, will extend its roots 30 feet or more from the
trunk. But if the Osage is cut every year so that
it does not extend more than five or ten feet, the
roots are lini'ted in proportion. So with grass; a
lawn with the grass suffered to grow a foot or more
in height will send roots down a foot deep, and
dry and rob the earth proportionately, but if kept
mown to less than an inch, the roots will drain the
ground to only a proportionate depth. Therefore
short grass under lawn trees may be a benefit by
keeping the surface cool, and not drying the
ground materially— but long grass and rare trees
will fight and quarrel over the food, and neither
rest satisfied.

In planting, set early as possible. Rootlets will
grow till frost stops them. A newly set tree wants
all the rootlets it can get. No matter how well
we may work the earth in about the rootlets, there
will be many spaces where earth does not touch.
But the growing rootlet pushes in, and the earth is
in contact over its whole surface.

After earth has been perfectly filled in the spaces,
ramming is a great benefit. It presses the earth

ago

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

in so that it must touch the roots. It is best to
ram such a tree as if it were a post. But if the
earth be not well worked in among the roots, ram-
ming may be an injury.

Pruning out some of the branches is often a
benefit. It lessens the evaporation till the roots
get enough moisture to supply the waste.

Watering trees at transplanting is rarely a
benefit. In most cases it is an injury, as the earth
is taken away from the under surface of the roots
by the sinking of the water in the soil.

Evergreens planted in exposed places are bene-
fitted by screens from the wind where they are
likely to suffer. A rare evergreen may often be
much helped by having a bottomless barrel placed
around it. It is wind not frost that is the great
€nemy to evergreens.

Small things as well as large do better planted
in fall, if they can be protected from being drawn
out by frost.

Plants draw out by frost, because they are
lighter than the thawed earth. The earth and
that which is in it expands— rises — by frost; when
it thaws the heaviest sinks first, and the plant gets
left. Any light covering above the plant that will
keep it pressed down when the thaw comes, is
therefore a guard against thawing out.

Roses, and many similar plants that are half
hardy, die in winter only because their juices dry
out. Bent down and covered with earth the
evaporation is prevented, and the plants success-
fully protected.

Hyacinths and Tulips may be set out in the beds
devoted to summer-flowering bedding-plants, as
they will, in a great measure, be out of flower be-
fore the bedding-time comes around, when they
can be either taken up and transplanted to an out-
of-the-way-place to ripen, or the bedding-plants
can be set in between where the bulbs grow, with-
out either much interfering with the success of the
other. As a manure for these bulbs, nothing has
yet been found superior to well-decayed, sandy
cow-manure ; but where this is not conveniently
at hand, well decomposed surface-soil from a wood
will do as well.

Herbaceous hardy border flowers are often pro-
pagated in the fall by dividing the roots ; but,
unless it is convenient to protect the newly-made
plants through the winter, it is better to defer this
till spring, as the frost draws out of the ground
and destroys many. Where it is now resorted to,
a thick mulching of leaves or litter should be
placed over the young stock when transplanted.

Few things are more valued in winter than a

bunch of Sweet Violets. A lew may now be

potted, and they will flower in the window towards
spring; or a small bed of them may be in a frame,
which should be protected by a mat from severe
frost. To have Pansies flower early and profusely
in spring, they may be planted out in a frame as
recommended for the Violet.

Many kinds of hardy annuals flower much
better next spring, when sown at this season of
the year. A warm, rich border should be chosen,
and the seed put in at once. Early in spring they
must be transplanted to the desired position in the
flower border.

Dahlias, Gladiolus, Tuberoses and other plants
that require winter protection for their roots in
cellars, should be taken up at once on their leaves
getting injured by the first white frosts. The two
latter should be pretty well dried before storing
away, or they may rot. Dahlias may be put away
at once.

Trees may be set within lo or 20 feet of each
other in planting a place, for immediate effect —
but people are sorry to cut away rare trees, and
often leave them to injure each other. Only cheap
trees should be set out to thicken for immediate
effect.

COMMUNICATIONS.

MANETTIA CORDIFOLIA.
BY D. F. W.

" Manettia cordifolia," by Charles E. Parnell.
August number Gardeners' Monthly, page 232.

I am inclined to think that Mr. Parnell has ac-
cepted the ipse-dixit of some author as to the
hardiness of this beautiful plant, without a trial
personally.

Paxton says that cordifolia is the synonym of
glabra, and that the plant is a stove evergreen
twiner, &c. My experience is the reverse of this,
as to its hardiness. In 1857 I purchased two
plants of Manettia cordifolia, of William Heaver,
then florist at Cincinnati, Ohio. He described and
recommended it as Mr. Parnell does, as "half-
hardy summer-flowering, twining vine." I planted
them accordingly in the open border with the ex-
pectation of taking them up as soon as frost
should come. They grew luxuriantly and gave
an abundance of flowers until killed by frost.
Then cut the vines off within a few inches of the
ground. On taking up the first plant I found the
knotty corded roots had gone down fully eighteen
inches into the soil. The border had been

1885.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

291

trenched and enriched by compost to a depth be-
tween 2 and 3 feet. After examining the roots
and crowns I decided that the character of the
plant indicated that it would stand many degrees
of frost. I potted the one and removed it to the
greenhouse, the other I left in the ground. At
the approach of hard freezing, in this climate, I
covered the plant with leaves and a sufficiency of
old hot-bed manure to keep the leaves in place.
As soon as the winter frosts were over I removed
the manure and gradually the leaves. When dig-
ing the border in winter and spring, care was
taken not to disturb the roots. Late in the spring,
to my delight, it began to grow and sent up many
vines of great vigor, which twined around the
single stake to its top and formed a large column
of foliage, and bloomed continuously from mid-
summer until frost. It was an object of great
beauty with its deep green, rich foliage, producing
hundreds of tubulous waxy looking red flowers.
There the plant remained until the spring of 1882,
a period of twenty-five years, when a laborer, (a
new one of African descent, possessed of more
muscle than brains) in my absence dug up every-
thing on the border, the Manettia among them
and carted them to the trash heap.

In 1864, at the time of "Hood's raid on Nash-
ville," my premises were on the line of the outer
intrenchments of the Union Army. It became ex-
pedient, as they thought, to occupy temporarily
my house and grounds as headquarters for a por-
tion of the army. "Necessity knows no law."
Soldiers had neither thought of, or cared for, plants
or shrubbery. That border became the conven-
ient place for the officers' horses to be stationed.
They destroyed every character of protection to
the plants and trampled the ground as hard as the
road. I expected that my Manetlia also was de-
stroyed after such usage, but to my surprise and
gratification, (the soil on the top having been care-
fully loosened with a fork and that surrounding it
spaded up as usual) the plant came up as form-
erly, but not so luxuriantly, and bloomed beyond
expectation. By the next year it regained its
accustomed vigor and continued to bloom every
season until destroyed as above.

The thermometer has been many times below
zero at my place and occasionally to 15° below.

In 1883 I was given another Manettia cordifolia
plant and planted it in the open border. It lived
through the winters of '84 and '85 without any
protection. It is now growing finely and making
blooms. The thermometer fell to 1 5° below zero
in 1884 and to 13O in '85. I am satisfied that any

one in this latitude can grow this desirable plant
in the open grounds leaving it there during the
winter. Would advise light protection for the first
two or three years, or until the plant is well estab-
lished. I believe it will live out even at Mr. Par-
nell's place if planted in deep, rich alluvial soil,
well drained, and protected in breadth and depth
(height) according to the degree of freezing in his
latitude. It is worth trying. Nashville, Tenn.

[This is a very interesting paper, and will give
pleasure to hundreds by the addition of another
very beautiful ornament to the out-door flower
garden.

It will be noted that the roots are not possibly
frozen in the place noted by our correspondent, for
though the thermometer go to zero, sometimes the
covering keeps out the frost, and even though it
does penetrate some inches, the deeper rooting
portion is not reached by the frost. Ampelopsis
incisa and the " Hardy " Passion vine, Passiflora
incarnata are of this class. They have to be
covered as described for this Manettia, but when
they are not covered the plants generally hold
their own, because the lower roots are not reached
by the frost. But who would not take a little care
to cover the ground if it will preserve these beau-
tiful plants?— Ed. G. M.]

GAS KILLING TREES.

BY N. ROBERTSO.N.

I am exactly in the same condition as Nanz &
Neuner with regard to street trees. A leaky gas
pipe runs alongside of them for a considerable
distance, and although I have had it thoroughly
examined, and every appearance of a leak made
good, the soil all removed for a considerable dis-
tance around, and the bottom of the pits made as
tight with wet clay packed as close and firm as
possible, yet they die off. At first there were
about a dozen, but by continued trials I have got
them all to take hold and grow, but four. Some
have been now four years and look healthy so
far. Last fall I had one large Elm that had been
transplanted some years before, knowing that its
roots would be in a strong condition to stand a
good deal. I had all the soil permeated with the
gas removed a long way around the bottom,
packed over a foot thick with strong clay ; but my
efforts are of no avail for it is gone also. This
position is in close proximity to a large main where
other pipes diverge from it.

The only possible method I can think of would
be to have the pipes uncovered, and a thick coat-

292

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

ing of plaster of Paris covered all around them,
(or some such substance) such as I have seen on
mains of heating pipes when passing through
passages where their heat would be too strong.
The trees mentioned in the article referred to are
certainly in a bad condition, and will soon die, as
the soil they are in will become more impregnated
every day with the gas.

Government Grounds, Ontario, Canada.

AMARYLLIS IN THE SOUTH.

BY MRS. J. S. R. THOMSON.

Under this heading in August number I read
with much pleasure and interest the above referred
to article, and can corroborate and add to what
" P. H. O." has so well said. I am well acquainted
with and cultivate some five or six varieties, and
am e.xperimenting with others.

Whilst in Charleston, S. C, in April, some five
years since, I saw one border 3 feet wide by 30 feet
long, with hundreds of bulbs of A. Johnsonii in
full flower, some stalks having as many as ten
flowers. I could scarcely credit my eyes when
this dazzling sight first presented itself, for I had
always considered it as purely a greenhouse plant
and had tenderly cared for my one prized bulb as
such for years, and made an exhibition plant of it
whenever in flower ; and here spread at my feet
were hundreds upon hundreds of those exquisitely
beautiful flowers in open border. Becoming ac-
quainted with the owner of the place, 1 questioned
him and was assured they were A. Johnsonii and
as hardy as a Narcissus. He kindly gave me
bulbs, which have flowered since regularly in open
border. I am now in negotiation with a friend
who proposes sending me one bushel of small
bulbs for equal quantity of Narcissi ; which goes
to prove their abundance in Florida at least.

Another variety, A. Hallii, I see offered by
Hovey, Boston, as hardy that far north, is quite
pleasing. Bulbs often size of pint cup, procum-
bent leaves lyi inches wide by 24 to 30 inches
long; flower (only fully expanded one day) pale
flesh with deep rose stripe down its centre ; flow,
ers followed by seed-pods often size of an egg.
Second day, flower begins to fold up, assumes the
form of a trumpet and deepens in color to a pleas-
ing pink. Two bulbs in my garden this spring
each threw up 2]4 feet high flower stalks, with ten
flowers each, making 60 in all to two bulbs. This
variety I find does not multiply rapidly — as it had
no increase whatever in the five years I had them.
On Decoration Day, in the same city, where the

graves of many of our loved Confederate soldiers
are, I saw dozens of wreathes, crosses, lyres, an-
chors, composed of this and a white variety —
name not known.

Of the A. Sarniensis or true Guernsey Lily, so
high priced and enjoyed at the North only by
forcing, I have seen in one yard great clumps
(equal in size to Hemorocallis lutea) of them,
with from ten to fifty flowers in full perfection.
This, to me, is the best of the whole section and
differs so widely in its habits that even if tiresome
I will describe minutely. After obtaining bulbs
and planting, they remain dorm.mt until about the
15th of September, when the glory of our gardens
is fading, and we begin to realize that stern
winter, with cold blasts, is approaching. Walking
through our grounds you are attracted by a spathe-
covered bud pushing through the soil, which in a
few days unfolds and presents a dazzhng gleam of
scarlet, appearing in sunlight as if sprinkled with
gold dust. A stout stem, one foot high, with the
flowers arranged in whorls on top of stem, from
five to seven, generally six, in a perfect floret.
These individual flower-petals are }<-inch wide 2
inches long, with beautiful wavy outlined edges,
recurved so as to touch the flower stalks, furnished
with numerous stamens and pistils also recurved;
pure red, which makes the flower appear like a
round gossamer ball. When the flower fades then
the tardy leaflets appear, yi inch wide by 8 inches
long ; close to the ground with pale white stripe
down the center. There this brave green thing
remains, cheering the eye with its bright color
during our hardest and dreariest weather. In
later spring it, too, dries off to reappear again
in new beauty in fall. The bulbs multiply with
great rapidity, and in a peculiar manner, — as usual
with all bulbs by small ones at side — but in addition
by a bulb forming upon the neck of the bulb, ;. e.,
between the parent and the surface of the ground ;
looks as though the stalk had grown through a
young bulb. I have in old established clumps often
found six to eight in this way.

Still another one, called Amaryllis by early
botanists, but now merged into Zephyranthes —
Z. Atamasco^ — is a native here and known exten-
sively as Fairy Lily in cottage gardens. By
florists this beautiful variety of Amaryllis is too
well known and too profusely written about to
need description. Suffice it to say, that it well
deserves a place, and honored one, on the list.
No flower I cultivate gives me such generous
returns for the care bestowed. Bulbs small and
almost the tiniest give you from one to three

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

293

flowers per season, which adds grace and beauty
wholly its own to any vase of cut flowers. A.
Atamasco rosea exactly like in shape and size is a
fit companion to A. Atamasco.

I, a native of the fair South-land ; loving it with
eager impetuosity ; thank the kind Editor of the
Gardeners' Monthly for his true praise of this
beauteous country, only telling truthfully of the
grand capabilities (only partially developed)
of this favored portion of the Union ; and that
others reading may be induced to verify his state-
ments. Whilst with you of the cold North, frost
king holds high carnival, we gather flowers the
whole year; Violets from under the December
snows (when we have that rare thing, a snow),
Christmas blooming Lonicera, at Christmas tide ;
Narcissus and Roman Hyacinths in early Febru-
ary, followed in grand succession by myriads in
March, April and May. Our gardens we begin
always in February, and last spring our Narcissus
were in flower in open border when forced ones
were commanding twenty-five cents per stem in
New York. Come and see for yourselves.

Spartanburg, S. C.

the latter in remontant qualities. La Rosarie and
Abel Carriere are also quite similar, very dark,
but with quite small petals, and not as good form
as some of the others. Jean Soupert is the darkest
rose among them, and of most beautiful form,
but such a shy bloomer that I place it low on the
list. Xavier Olibo is a very fragrant, beautiful
rose, but not full, and must be watched closely to
get one in perfection. Pierre Notting is strong,
vigorous, and full of fragrance, but such a muddy
tint of purple as to be undesirable. All the above
roses grow darker as they wither and fade in the
sunshine, a peculiarity which the crimson roses do
not possess. Among the darkest crimson roses,
Fisher Holmes, Horace Vernet and Charles Le-
febvre, under high cultivation sometimes have a
beautiful dark velvety shade, but in fading they
get lighter instead of darker. There are many
among the crimson roses darker and more beauti-
ful than Gen. Jacqueminot, whose principal merit
for outside blooming is, the great freedom and
continuity of bloom. Auburn, N. V., July i6th.

DARK HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES.

BY D. M. DUNNING.

Among the hybrid perpetual roses none attract
so much attention in my garden as the very dark
ones. A great many people have an idea that
Gen. Jacquemmot is about the only dark one
grown. And they almost invariably exclaim
when approaching a bed of dark roses : " I sup-
pose these are Jacqueminots," when the fact isthat
the Jacqueminot as compared to our finest dark
roses, is not a dark rose at all, but simply a red
rose, and people are sadly disappointed when the
celebrated General is pointed out to them. A few
mornings since I gathered specimens of about a
dozen varieties of the dark roses, and would ar-
range them as follows in the order of their general
merit: Louis Van Houtte, Jean Liabaud, Baronne
de Bonstetten, Prince Camille de Rohan, La
Rosarie, Jean Soupert, Abel Carriere, Xavier
Olibo, Pierre Notting.

Louis Van Houtte, combining great fragrance,
beauty of form and freedom of bloom, I place first,
although it is not as dark as several of the others.
Jean Liabaud is almost the darkest one among
them, and has great vigor and blooms freely but
not continuously. Bonstetten and Prince Camille
are quite similar with me, both very dark and of
beautiful form, the former excelling in vigor and

COTTAGE GARDENING AT UPLAND,
DELAWARE CO., PA.

BY MR. J. WOODING.

This has been a peculiar and in some respects a
discouraging season for gardening operations in
this section. The early potatoes are very poor,
earlv sweet corn nearly a failure, Lima bean
plants ornamented with imitation pods, tomatoes
sun-scalded and half rotten owing to the exces-
sive drouth the eirly part of the season. .'\s mis-
ery loves company, I started to visit some friends
near Upland, Delaware county, about two miles
from Chester. It gives me pleasure to speak of
this place as one of the prettiest, cleanest, neatest,
and best laid out town of the size I have ever
seen in this country. The population, 1 under-
stand, is about two thousand, mostly importations
from England. Every cottage has a flower and
vegetable garden attached. The flowers in the
front of some of the cottages were a mass of
bloom and in great variety, including the inevita-
ble sunflower nodding its heads in the direction of
its namesake. Some of the people cultivate their
plants in pots, boxes, tubs, etc., which decorate
the window sills of the houses. Others have an
artistic taste for gardening. I noticed one cottage
where the Madeira vine with its fine glossy leaves
and deliciously fragrant, nearly white flowers, and
4)rofusion of bloom, was trained on wires and run
1 up to a tree in three different directions in an hori-

294

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

zontal manner. These were growing out of a tub
about 2 feet over, with Petunias and Tropaeolums
of different colors planted and hanging over the
sides of the tub, which had a striking appearance
and deserved much praise. I must say that these
gardens are kept in remarkably good order, and
the people of the place deserve great credit for
their devotion and interest in so worthy an object.
There are cottage flower shows in some parts of
England, and premiums are awarded to those who
can excel others in the cultivation of flowers, —
and these are upheld by contributions from the
wealthier classes who take a great interest in
them. I think Upland would be a good place to
start a Cottagers' Society of this kind. There
would no doubt be strong competition. The streets
of this place are laid out and numbered in Phil-
adelphia style, and are lined with avenues of fine
Norway and Sugar maples, which form a pleasant
shade.

This charming place is owned principally by the
Crozier family, who are noted for their kind
Christian and benevolent character throughout
Delaware co., and by whom the people are em-
ployed in cotton mills. They evidently take a
great interest in their employees by providing
good comfortable homes at a moderate rent, and
they have donated several acres of land as a park
for the benefit of the people. A debating society,
reading rooms, etc., are all free. No intoxicating
drinks are sold in the town. The private resi-
dences of the Croziers are the finest in Delaware
county, and are splendidly laid out. I only had
an outside view of them, it being Sunday, which
afforded no opportunity to inspect them, — but I
hope at some future time to have the pleasure of
doing so. Pencoyd, Montgomery Co.

But the July sun is sure to scorch it and spoil all
its beauty. Judging from the experience of a
single season, I should say that this novelty will
be useless in our clear strong sunlight. With me
the delicate parts of the leaf become crisp and
sear before midsummer, and the whole appearance
of the plant is rusty and objectionable. Very
likely it may be placed in some moist shaded
nook where its colors may be brought out and pre-
served. But it is not a novelty to be commended
for general use. Brighton, Mass.

FAGUS PURPUREA TRICOLOR.
BY W. C. STRONG.

I wish to take time by the forelock and save the
public from disappointment, and the nurserymen
from one more strain upon their consciences.
This tricolored beech is an exceedingly beautiful
novelty, and deservedly received high praise as
exhibited in France this season. Such novelties
are hailed by the propagators as leading cards
for their catalogues and for their agents. And
when a stock is secured, how great is the tempta-
tion to bring out the colors in the strongest light!
This beech in the propagating bed may have the
most beautiful tints. In the early growth of June
the colors are fine and healthy in the open ground.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Gardening in New Brunswick, Can.^A New
Brunswick paper notes that a love of gardening is
progressing rapidly. The Normal School grounds
are especially beautiful. A beautiful fountain has
been placed near the City Hall, and Mayor Finety
is named in connection with other proposed horti-
cultural improvements. His own grounds are
tasteful, and a large greenhouse heated by hot
water among its attractions. The Queen Hotel,
owned by Mr. J. Edwards, is to have handsome
gardening improvements made, and tropical plants
adorn the hotel. Coleman's Hotel is also a patron
of flowers. Attorney General Blair has a very fine
garden, which includes a large vegetable as well
as floral department; and Mr. J. Valentine is noted
as a successful planter of trees. Mr. J. A. Mor-
rison, a mill owner, has a nice garden; Mrs. Mor-
rison, however, being noted as the presiding genius
in this little paradise. Judge Steadman has a
garden famous for the neatness with which every-
thing is kept ; and it is said of our correspondent,
Mr. Bebbington, that he has a garden well worthy
of anyone's seeing, and that he has twice as much
space devoted to flowers as ever before. Even
the clergy fall in with earthly vanities such as
gardening in this pretty town, and the Reverend
F. Alexander's ground is famous in those parts
for its fine lawn, flowers, and collections of trees
and vines.

California Palm. — A correspondent of the
Gardeners' Chronicle says that in the Lisbon
Botanic Garden, our California Palm, Washing-
tonia filifera, grows with amazing rapidity. The
curator, M. Davean, says : " It is here in Portugal
the king of Palms, as regards its great vigor of
growth."

Fine Sugar Maples. — On the grounds of \Vm.
Allan Richardson, near Louisville, some Sugar
maples measure seventeen feet in circumference.

i885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

295

Rose, Lamarck. — This grand old Noisette rose
is of French origin; and was raised by M. Mare-
chal, in 1830.

Perpetual Polyantha Rose.— A variety called
Jean Driven has been introduced by M. J.
Schwartz, of Lyons, France, which is said to be a
perpetual bloomer.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Dark Flowering Cactuses.— Mr. A. Blanc
writes : " Mr. Bassett asks for a hardy red
blooming Opuntia, to plant with the native yellow-
flowered Jersey variety. I send you a sample of a
variety sent to me from Montana, and said to be a
pink flowering kind, but 1 would not vouch for it —
not knowing the name of it ; do you ? "

[The piece sent is Opuntia Missouriensis, of
which there are darkish varieties in the Rocky
Mountain regions, as well as pure yellow — but we
never saw it make flowers under culture. — Ed.
G. M.]

New Single Tuberose. — The Michel Plant
Company, St. Louis, writes: "We send by to-day's
mail a specimen of a new single Tuberose, and
also a spray of the common, by way of contrast.
This originated with us a few years ago, and is a
much freer bloomer, and often has, as is shown in
the specimen sent, two or three branches on a
stalk. The blooms are more erect, closer together,
and recurved like a Fuchsia. It is with us a great
acquisition for loose bouquets and cut flowers."

[This is certainly distinct from the common sin-
gle white. In addition to the points noted by our
correspondent, it is a clear white, while the com-
mon has a dull brown tint at the apex of each
division of the flower-cup ; while the general tint
is just a little creamy. To our mind this is just
such an improvement in the tuberose as the Harris
variety of Lilium longiflorum is to the original
species. — Ed. G M.]

Rhododendron Culture. — " Max.," Staunton,
Va., says : " The Rhododendrons to which allusion
was made (p. 262), had plenty of leaf-mould, and
were in aerated soil. The trouble was, that while
their foliage did not mind summer heat, it enabled
the spring winds to exhaust the vitality of the
plant so that they did not seem able to assimilate
their food, even in the light form of leaf mould.
Glad to say that either the liquid manure or some
unknown factor had the desired effect, as twenty-
three out of twenty-four forlorn-looking specimens
are now in a vigorous condition. Had never

heard of liquid nor other kind of manure for them,
but something had to be done, so I tried it at a
venture. Is it safe to attribute the success to the
liquid manure ? "

Rye Grass for Lawns. — "Red Top," Pittsburg,
Pa., says : " Will you please advise some of your
readers as to the merits of Perennial Rye Grass
(Lolium perenne) as a component part of a mixture
for lawn grass. It is claimed to germinate quickly
and soon produce a green sward, but is it not of
too coarse a growth to make a lawn like a carpet,
such as we all have in our minds, even if we do
rarely find them a reality."

[Rye grass a quarter of a century ago was very
popular round Philadelphia for lawn making. As
our correspondent suggests, it makes a good lawn
quicker than any other, is by no means a coarse
grass when so used, and is very acceptable be-
cause it comes green in spring with its new shining
growth before any others. But it seems to gradu-
ally disappear, the blue grass of the " Kentucky "
name, which is one of the natural grasses of this
region where it is known as Pennsylvania green
grass, takes its place. There are numbers of lawns
about here once of rye grass that are all of green
grass now. We are not much in favor of lawn
mixtures in sowing seeds, because the one the best
adapted to the soil soon crowds out all others, but
can see no objection to a little rye grass being
sown with the blue grass, which, in most cases
will be found the best for American lawns. — Ed.
G. M.]

Bleeding in a Norway Spruce. — "W. F.G.,"
Springfield, Mass., writes: "I have a Norway
Spruce that bleeds badly from the but end of sev-
eral dead branches. All are on one side. The
dark spots in the figure at the left are dead limbs,
the light spots the branches that are alive in the
same neighborhood. I have cut off the dead
hmbs but would like to ask what should cause
them to bleed and die, and if there is any danger
of the balance of the trees dying can I remedy
the trouble ? The first dead limb is about ten feet
from the ground. It is also the first limb. The
full height of the tree is about forty feet. The
dead branches extend, about halfway up the trunk."

[ The turpentiny matter, that flows from old
knots or wounds in coniferous trees, is not
thought to injure them materially ; though we
suppose, as in the case of sugar from a sugar
maple tree, there ought to be some little strain on
the vital powers. At least no one thinks of attempt-
ing to stop this waste of turpentine. — Ed. G. M.]

296

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

CACTUSES.
BY WM. F.'VLCONER.

I am much pleased with Mr. Siler's article, p.
231, on Cactuses at home. Mr. Siler's name as a
botanist and collector in the far West has been
familiar to me for years, and I read his communi-
cations with much interest. In Eastern gardens
we are unable to give Cactuses similar conditions
of growth to what they enjoy in their native wilds,
but happily for us Cactuses are easily grown, and
cheerfully respond to love and good care.

Hardy Cactuses. — Apart from Opuntia Mis-
souriensis, O. Rafinesquii and O. vulgaris and
their varieties, we have very few hardy Cactuses.
I have succeeded in wintering safely O. pescorvi
and some others, but with uncertainty. I have
found Echinocactus Simpsoni very uncertain; it
would live through one winter all right and rot off
during the next one. Echinocereus phoeniceus
and a form of Mamillaria vivipara I have known
to survive several winters, but not in my garden ;
and Mr. Menand showed me in a neighbor's gar-
den at Albany a bunch of what he called Echino-
cereus Krausei, which had been growing there
out of doors for several years. As a garden plant
I have found Opuntia Missouriensis the hardiest
and most accommodating of all Cactuses, and I
never knew it to miss flowering ; with me it al-
ways blossomed copiously. In the case of hardy
Cactuses I have found they must be grown where
water shall not lodge in winter, as for instance on
raised ground, and if they can be covered over
by some leaves, thatch, or better still, snow, in the
winter, they come through with less injury in
spring. My old neighbor, Mr. John C. Hovey,
an ardent admirer and grower of Cactuses, gave
me the following list of Opuntias which he found
to be hardy in his garden, ordinary level clayey
soil : Opuntia vulgaris, O. Rafinesquii, O. R.
grandiflora, O. cymochila, O. stenochila, O. hys-
tricina, O. Missouriensis, O. M. macrosperma, O.
M. albispina, O. fragilis, O. fusiformis and O. Pes-
corvi. Among those mentioned by Mr. Siler I
have tried Cereus Englemanni, Echinocactus cy-
lindraceus, Opuntia rutila and Mamillaria chloran-

tha, also Agave Utahensis as hardy plants, but
all died. 1 would say here, that 1 have grown
some fifty distinct species and varieties of Agave
and have found A. Utahensis the most difficult of
all to grow. Dr. Edward Palmer, the eminent
botanical collector, sent me plants from their na-
tive places, and 1 have raised it from seeds and
coaxed it in many ways, but without avail; the
plants appeared unhappy. And this is the only
species of Agave 1 have failed with.

Tender Cactuses. — I regard all Cactuses not
absolutely hardy as being tender and treat them
accordingly. While a few degrees of frost may
not hurt some of them, still it does not do them
any good. Epiphyllums, Phyllocactuses, Rhip-
salises, Melocactus and the more tropical Cereuses
as C. grandiflorus, C. Jamacaru, C. nycticalis
and C. cosrulescens like warmish winter quarters.
The general run of " cushion " Cactuses, Opuntias
and the like, if kept in dry airy places and inac-
active, may be wintered safely in a moderately
low temperature, but under 40° is unsafe. All
Cactuses delight in being set out of doors in sum-
mer. Cereuses, Echinopsis and Opuntias enjoy
being set out in open sunny places ; but Mamil-
larias, while they like being planted out, very
much dislike moist foggy weather, heavy rains,
warm weather immediately succeeding wet weath-
er, and cold or heavy night dews; all of these
cause " rust," and " rust " is incurable. I have
always grown Mamillarias and all other delicate,
weakly, new, rare and valuable Cactuses in cold
frames in summer, and covered them over with
sashes as a preventative against the above evil
conditions. In propitious weather they were fully
exposed.

I I prefer planting out even in frames in summer
' to keeping them in pots, because I thereby have a
I good opportunity to see that my plants are thor-
' oughly cleaned twice a year — at planting out and
lifting time — and the plants grow much better and
bigger and bloom more copiously when planted
out than when kept along in pots. If Mr. Robert-
son, p. 171, had much to do with Opuntia exuviata,
I shouldn't wonder if he did say something
naughty ; but that species excepted, what in earth
is there in other Cactuses to incite an evil word ?
There is a knack in handling Cactuses. For a

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

297

good many years I handled the fullest collection
of cactaceous plants in the country, and twice a
year every plant passed through my own hands.
I myself planted them out in May and lifted or re-
potted them in September, and all because I was
afraid if I trusted any of the workmen with the
job they would be more careful of themselves
than of the Cactuses. And I can assure you no
orchidist ever watched the progress of Vanda San-
deriana or Phalsnopsis Stuartii with more anxious
pride than I did my Cereus Thurburi, C. Palmeri,
C. Greggi, Echinocactus myriostigma, E. Phylla-
canthus and other pets. And how disgusted I
would get when to some visitor 1 would point ap-
provingly to Cereus giganteus, 20 inches high and
10 years old, to be informed, " Oh, that's nothing ;
you should have seen it at the Centennial." And
sol did, and elsewhere, too; but such another
life-long, garden-grown plant as that is 1 never
came across east of the Mississippi.

I have found that each and every kind of Cac-
tus that I have grown will do well in a gritty,
turfy loam. Drain the pots well and pack the
soil firmly. Lime rubbish, pounded bricks or rot-
ten stone added to the soil has no visible beneficial
effect whatever ; the drainage will not clog nor
the soil get sour if you don't over-water your
plants. Glen Cove, Long Island, New York.

PROPAGATING FROM BLIND'WOOD.
BY ERNEST WALKER.

Experience is a good but expensive school, and
those that learn there are not apt to forget their
lessons. One of my first lessons was in growing
fuchsias for flowering. I took cuttings of blind
shoots and they grew and grew and made splendid
plants, but they attained quite a size before they
did as well blooming. A little philosophy as to
the trouble suggested using cuttings from old
plants that we might say were on the point of
flowering. The result was. the plants came in
bloom even sooner than I had any idea of, and 1
had a fine lot of globular plants, about 10 inches
high, full of bloom while yet in 2 li-inch pots. It
is the same way with Heliotropes and other plants.
One season we propagated a lot of Chrysanthe-
mums late, and in fall had plants about 6 inches
high, covered with bloom, which astonished those
who saw them, and thought they were dwarf till
we explained. It is clear now. The length of
time required, and the ease in getting plants to
bloom, depend greatly on how far the disposition
of the parent plant to bloom is developed. If we

take cuttings from a plant on which the bloom
buds are already beginning to form, we can have
them in bloom in the cutting bed ; or, if we take
them from a plant in which the disposition to
bloom is not yet beginning to develop, or, a plant
devoting its energies to growth instead of reproduc-
tion (flowering), we will have to wait forblooming
some time — till that stage naturally arrives, or
depend on unusually favorable circumstances.

I have on some occasions had trouble in getting
varieties of roses to bloom that ordinarily were
very profuse, while others around them were
blooming bountifully, and which other seasons
had bloomed readily. The trouble was, no doubt,
in the cuttings from which the plants came. Propa-
gators do not generally discriminate between the
bloom and blind shoot in selecting cuttings ; be-
sides, the blind shoot may offer such fine cuttings,
and It is difficult for the propagator to resist the
temptation ; and some poor amateur or florist
must pay the cost — perplexed to know the cause.

New Albany, Ind.

[A very long chapter in a treatise on the Theory
of Horticulture, might be worked out from the
articles that have appeared in the Gardeners'
Monthly on this topic. The author of such a
chapter might begin by reminding his reader that
a plant was not an individual like an animal;
but rather a collection of individuals, something
like a city or a republic, and that these individuals
had hereditary powers, like the individual in the
animal world. We can cut these individuals from
the community, plant the cuttings, and each will
retain the characteristics it possessed when cut
off, just as a seedling plant would do. He would
prove this by what are known as sports. A branch
of a rose exhibits some peculiarity. It is cut off
and placed on its own roots, and then we have
Sunsets, American Banner, Isabella Sprunt, and
so on. Or, a branch of a peach may produce a
a nectarine. We take that branch, bud from it,
and we have lots of nectarine trees. B'-iefly we
have the theory that any part of a plant has an
hereditary character of its own, as well as the
whole plant itself.

Now apply this to the case in point. Will
plants from a barren shoot be as floriferous as
plants from flowering ones ? Theoretically we
should say not. But it is rather a question for ex-
perience to settle. Mr. Walker's observations
confirm this. Those of other observers do not
seem to have done so.

But in all these discussions we must not forget
that in nature there are numbers of operations

298

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

going on at the same time in a plant, and which
we must not forget in formulating rules of practice.
For instance : plants commence to flower only after
vegetative vigor has been checked or exhausted.
We need not take space to elaborate this here, as
its accuracy as a general principle will be con-
ceded. Now if we continually propagate from
flowering wood, under hereditary law, we may
expect more floriferous plants, but these plants
will be of a lower grade of vitality, and more
liable to disease, or to " run out." Plants from
shoots of full vegetative vigor will be less florifer-
ous, but will grow better, and when they do come
into a flowering stage, may bloom more abun-
dantly and last longer.

These are the theories philosophy would work
out; but for all this a grain of actual experience
will be worth a ton of theory. — Ed. G. M.]

ROSE CULTURE.

BY E. FRYER.

The subject of ventilation for rose houses, is
one of much importance to rose growers. To
grow plants for the purpose of propagation re-
quires a different treatment from that of growing
them for bloom. The former requires a close,
moist heat, while the latter, though not needing a
dry heat, yet requires more air and sunlight. I
never had better success than in houses made of
portable sash, which, during the summer months
were entirely stripped of the sashes, having the
full benefit of the rains. The wood splendidly
ripened, and very little trouble with spider ; they
were always prepared to give a full crop of
blooms during the winter. This of course applies
to plants growing in the natural soil or planted
out on benches in the houses.

With Hybrid perpetuals in pots where it is an
object to have a succession of blooms, the best
success is always obtained from keeping plants in
cold frames or pits where they are so covered as to
be accessible at all times during winter, from
which they can be set in to grow at such times as
the wants of trade require.

Here it may be well to remark that by pot plants
is meant such plants as are grown one or more sea-
sons in pots before being forced, and not those
taken from the open ground, and rushed into pots
in the fall or early winter. The average number
of blooms from the latter is generally small in
comparison to regular pot grown plants.

For years I have propagated roses from blind
as well as blooming shoots and have never noticed

any difference in the blooming qualities of plants
produced in either way. The matter, however, is
well worth investigating. One thing is generally
known to rose-growers, which is, that the rose-
plants require new soil well enriched.

We may feed manure and fertilizers to banks or
benches of roses in whatever quantity we think
best, but can never obtain the same results as by
occasionally taking out the old soil and renewing
with new or fresh soil, — rotten sod, such as florists
generally use. If the practical man does not
know the chemical constituents of such a soil, he
knows what is a great deal more useful for his
purpose, the plants will grow well and produce
strong wood, from which only, he can expect a
good crop of flowers.

A Marshal Niel plant in one of the houses here
bore over 2,700 blooms from last Dec. to last June.
This is the greatest crop it has borne so far. The
only extra treatment it received being an addition
of new soil and a mulching of old manure in
which a good sprinkling of bone dust was mixed.
The plant is not yet 8 years old, the roots growing
in the natural soil, and being all inside, budded on
Lamarque, 'which I think is a better stock than
Chromatella ; it is certainly more floriferous on the
former than the latter. Delaware, O., July, 1885.

DIEFFENBACHIA WEIRII.

BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

Mr. Weir's Dieffenbachia, Dieffenbachia Weirii,
is a very beautiful and distinct stove plant with
ornamental (oliage, belonging to the natural
order Araceae. It is a native of South America,
where it was discovered by Mr. Weir, a collector
in the employment of the Royal Horticultural
Society, of London, in whose honor the specific
name was bestowed upon it.

It is considered to be one of the finest of the
Dieffenbachias, and as it is a plant that is known
for the beauty of its foliage, it can be safely
recommended as a very distinct and desirable
foliage plant. It is of dwarf habit, the oblong
ovate foliage being of a bright green color, thickly
blotched and spotted with pale yellow, and
should be grown in a moist atmosphere in order
to bring out its true character. \\'lien well grown
it forms an excellent and very attractive plant,
alike suitable fordecorative or exhibition purposes.

This Dieffenbachia is a plant easily cultivated,
requiring a compost of light loam and well-
decayed leaf mould, in about equal parts, with the
addition of a little sharp sand, to render the com-

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

299

post a porous or open one, and it is necessary to
have the pots well-drained ; if they are filled with
one-third of drainage, it is none too much. In
potting use porous or soft-baked pots, and be
careful not to overpot the plant. During its
season of growth, which is during the summer
months, it should be given a temperature of from
65° to 75O, a light partially shaded situation, as
close to the glass as possible, and a liberal supply
of water, both overhead and at the roots. In the
winter months it should be kept rather dry and
cool, a temperature of from 55° to 60° proving
amply sufficient.

When first introduced, this plant was very
highly prized, but of late it has been sadly
neglected, the reason being that its juice is said to
be very poisonous, and that the plant has an
awkward and unsightly appearance when at rest ;
but I should consider these objections of little or
no account. The reputed poisonous character of
the plant can be avoided by the exercise of a
little care when handling it ; and its appearance, by
removing it to a less conspicuous place, as its
season of rest approaches.

Propagation is effected by cuttings, and if the
cane is split through the centre in the spring, and
the pieces placed in the sand and given a brisk
bottom heat, an abundance of young plants will
spring up in the course of a few weeks. When
well-rooted, the young plant should be carefully
potted into 3-inch pots, and kept close for a few
days until they have taken root. If they are re-
potted as often as necessary, and liberally cared
for, nice specimens will soon be obtained.

The generic name was given in honor of Dr.
Dieffenbach, a German botanist, and the specific
name in honor of its discoverer. Queens, N. Y.

inform me how I can get rid of Mealy bug at any
reasonable cost, I shall consider it the most valua-
piece of knowledge yet gained in greenhouse
management. If they only attacked the tops of
the plants I think I could clear them out, but I
find them in the sand of the cutling-l)ench and in
the pot. If I had a new greenhouse to build and
no other very near it, I think I would not allow a
single plant to go into it until it had gone through
a thorough quarantine and an insect purgatory,
and would, as far as possible, refuse admission to
anything but cuttings known to be clear, and if
it was necessary to introduce any plants would re-
move all soil and carefully wash all the i-oots as
well as tops before admitting them.

Hammonton, N. J.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

CHRYSANTHEMUM FLY.
BY W. F. BASSETT.

Every purchase of Chrysanthemums brings us
an army of this pest, but I have always succeeded
in getting rid of them. My method is to watch
the plants carefully every day and wash them in
strong soap-suds. Tobacco soap is best, but any
good soap will do; taking care to allow none to
escape from the dish of suds, and follow up this
treatment without intermission as long as any re-
main. Various insect remedies are said to keep
down all these pests of the greenhouse, but that is
not at all satisfactory and calls for " eternal vigi-
lance." When extermination is at all practicable it
should be the result aimed at. If any one will

Flowering OF Cactuses. — "W. P.," Oswego,
N. Y., says: " Last spring in looking over back
numbers of the Gardeners' Monthly, I noticed
different notes on time of blooming of night-
blooming Cereus, and as we have two large plants,
I thought I would take note of their time of
blooming. The one has long, rope-like, square
stems about twenty feet long — C. grandiflora ; the
other has flat stems— C. latifrons. The plant is
about twelve feet high and from four to six feet
across. C. grandiflora had twenty-eight flowers,
which opened as follows : one on July 3d, nine on
loth, four on 20th, three on 22d, one on 23d, eight
on 27th, one on August 1st, one on 15th. The
flowers slightly fragrant. The C. latifrons had
twenty-two flowers on the first time it bloomed,
which opened: eleven on June iSth, seven on
19th, two on 20th, the other two, two weeks later.
Then it showed another batch of forty-one flowers,
which opened: five on July 30th, thirty-three on
31st, three on August ist. And now I can count
about forty buds, making the third batch this
summer. Does this variety usually do so ? This
variety very fragrant.

[The plants are not correctly named. C. grandi-
florus is not square stemmed, and C. latifrons, we
believe, not fragrant. — Ed. G. M ]

Flow Pipes in Hot Water Boilers. — "A
Constant Reader," Bangor, Me., says: "Your
remarks on the above subject (page 199 July num-
ber) seem very reasonable and may be made very
practicable.

"Water certainly must need greater force to run
up hill than down; the better showing is what

300

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

every interested reader of your magazine would
desire. As I am about to make some changes I
would thankfully accept any information to gain
better results; I am convinced from your remarks
that you have this mode in practical use. Will
Mr. William 'Saunders and Mr. Thomas Meehan
please give an illustration of the operation — such
as the elevation of the boiler, the exact descent of
the pipes, etc.

"Thanking you and your valuable contributors
for many useful and practical suggestions."

[The annexed figure i is a sketch of Mr. Saunders'
boiler communicated to the Gardeners' Month-
ly for Sept., 1872. So far as we know it has always

(Fig. 1.)

worked very well. But we subjoin a criticism of
Mr. Saunders' plan as made by Dr. Fisher, of
Fitchburg, Mass. :

" Looking at this matter the way I do, I was very
much surprised to see a sketch of an apparatus,
on page 263 of the September number of the
Monthly, given as a model, in which the descent
of the pipe was gradual from the commencement
of the flow to the end of the return. It is true
that in such an arrangement there would be a
circulation, but a little consideration will show its
weak point. Suppose the water, as it leaves the
boiler, to be at the temperature of 200O, and that
upon its arrival at the botton of the boiler it has
cooled down to 100°. The average temperature
of the boiler column will not be 150"', the mean
between the two extremes, but probably 160O or

and as I have attempted to show in Fig. 2, the
basis would be a temperature of 165 for the boiler
column, and a temperature of 100 only for the
return column. This would give a more rapid
circulation than the other by just the difference
due to the specific weights of the water at those
different temperatures, and which could not be

' less than one hundred per cent."

( The criticism is of course theoretical, but is well
worthy of study.

The cut Fig. 2 explains Dr. Fisher's idea. The
flow and return pipe being on the same level are
not distinguishable from each other till near the
boiler.— Ed. G. M.]

Will Warm Water Run Down Hill? —
"G. P. C.," Taunton (we suppose Massachusetts),
asks for more particulars regarding Mr. Saunders'
method of permitting the warm water in a boiler
to run down hill. The answer to another corre-
spondent we suppose will be all he requires.

Disease in Coleus. — " F. L. F.," Catonsville,
Md., writes: "I send by mail a root of Coleus
Verschaffeltii, and will be greatly obliged if you
can assign a cause for the fungus growth upon it.
We have had numbers of plants destroyed by this
disease, and desire to have if possible a preventive
for next year."

[Attacked by myriads of minute insects, only
seen by a strong lens, the larvse penetrating the
tissue in every direction. Never having seen
Coleus in this state before, we can suggest no
remedy.— Ed. G. M.]

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

V^

(Fig. 2.)

170°, according to the arrangement of the fire.
The average temperature of the opposing column,
which includes the entire length of the pipe, will
not be I 50O, because the hotter end of the pipe will
radiate heat faster than the rest of it, and thus the
average will be something less than 150' , say 140O.
Then we have, as a basis of circulation one
column of water in the boiler of the temperature
of, say 165'J, and another one in the pipes of 140°.
Now if the pipes were laid level as 1 have described.

Amasonia punicea.— In reference to this re-
markable new greenhouse shrub, we have the
following note from Messrs. Veitch :

"This is unquestionably one of the most beau-
tiful flowering shrubs that has been brought un-
der the notice of horticulturists for many years.
It was introduced by us from British Guiana
ihrough our collector, Mr. David Burke. It is of
erect habit with elegant spreading foliage, the
leaves are of elliptic-lanceolate form, from 9 to 10
mches long. The inflorescence is very brilliant,
being particularly striking from having a series
of the richest vermilion-crimson Poinsettia-like
spreading bracts, arranged in pairs along the en-
tire length of the racemes which are a foot long ;
these bracts, the lowermost of which are 4 inches
long, are very persistent, remiining in perfection
fully two months. From the base of each bract are
produced pendulous tubular flowers, in twos and
threes, of a creamy white color, offering a strik-

188S.J

AMD HORTICULTURIST.

301

ing contrast to the rich coloring of the other Class Certificate for this plant from the Royal
parts of the inflorescence. We received a First | Horticultural Society, September gth, 1884."

HALF WATURAL SIZE.

Amasonia punicea.

302

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

INSECTS IN CABBAGE ROOTS.

BY VV. F. GALE.

On page 239 "J. R.," Elizabethtown, N. J., in-
quires how to get rid of the maggot that destroys
cabbage by boring the root. I have been troubled
very much with the same pest in my cauliflower.
My remedy is to remove the soil from about the
plant and thoroughly clean out the maggots, then
put in fresh soil with a liberal quantity of super-
phosphate of lime mixed in. I have not lost one
plant in fifty treated this way. To rid the ground
of the pests I would recommend to plough in the
fall, and scatter on eighty bushels of salt to the
acre, well harrowed in. 1 think that air slacked
lime, say about ten barrels to the acre, would also
be of great benefit. Springfield, Mass.

[A large number of species of Vaccinium are
known under the general name of Blueberry. The
Huckleberry and Billberry are species of Vac-
cinium. The kind referred to by our correspon-
dent is probably the Vaccinium corymbosum, or
possibly V. I'ennsylvanicum — kinds with rather
large fruit. In the Eastern States these berries
are so abundant in wild places, and are gathered
so cheaply by children, that no attempt to culti-
vate them would be profitable. In localities far
away it would be well worth while, and our cor-
respondent's article is very useful and suggestive.
Any soil that is cool and damp and yet not water-
logged, would suit them. On heavy clay soils
they would no doubt prove a failure. — Ed. G. M.]

CULTURE OF THE BLUEBERRY.

BY DELOS STAPLES.

The Blueberry is a valuable fruit, and is the
only reliable fruit to grow in the extreme northern
latitude where most other fruits winter-kill. It is
perfectly hardy ; stood 40° below zero the past
winter without showing any injury to the topmost
buds. The fruit ripens in this latitude about the
1st of July, and is borne in clusters like currants,
and are about the size of the wild gooseberry ;
shape, round ; color, a bluish black when fully
ripe. The flavor is equal to the raspberry, a very
mild, rich subacid, pronounced by most people
delicious. It may be served with sugar and
cream or cooked sauce, and is splendid for pies
and canned for winter use. The plant seems to
flourish in all soils, and is very productive, will
yield 100 bushels per acre under ordinary cultiva-
tion. It makes a beautiful hedge, the shining
dark green leaves and the blue fruit make a
pleasing contrast. They commence bearing the
first year after setting out, same as raspberries. It
is propagated from suckers and root cuttings ; for
garden culture plants should be set 2 or 3 feet
apart in the rows and 4 or 5 feet between the
rows ; for field culture 6x6 so the cane can be
thoroughly cultivated both ways with a horse hoe.
West Sebewa, Ionia co., Mich.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Short Crop of Strawberries Though

in many places there was a full crop, in numerous
instances there were scarcely any flowers on the
plant, and curiosity is rife as to the cause. Some
say the flowers were "winter killed," but in the
cases brought to our attention clearly the autumn
buds had made no flowers to kill. It is a clear
case of neglect to make flower buds.

Pear, William Fuller. — D. Lee & Son,
Madison, O., send samples, which were eaten the
first week in August. It is a greenish yellow pear,
about the size, form, and season of ripening, as
Giffard, coarser flesh, rather sweeter, but on the
whole we think not so good as a perfect Giffard.
But the Giffard is not in favor with pear lovers,
because it is a poor grower, liable to crack or
something or another. It is claimed for the Fuller
that it has superior characters in these lines, and
may therefore reasonably expect to become popular.

Fig Culture in Florid.\. — Major Russell, of
Baker County, has set out twenty acres of figs,
but whether with the view of trying to dry them,
or for use in the fresh state, is not noted.

Cherries from California. — The freight
from California to the East is bearing hard on
California fruit growers. Of one car containing
1,660 boxes, large consignments were forwarded
to Cleveland, Boston, Philadelphia, Milwaukee,

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

303

St. Paul, Baltimore, Indianapolis, Buffalo, Mem-
phis and other places. The cherries brought from
17U' to 25 cents per pound, according to grade,
and were being sold by retailers at from 30 to 40
cents per pound.

There is very little margin left for growers at
the above figures unless freights are lowered ; but
the probability is that if the freights were lowered,
the prices would fall lower than those quoted
above. It is the disposition to cut under one's
neighbor that everywhere prevails, that lowers
profits quite as much as high freight rates.

Alpha Peach. — This ripened this year in Ger-
mantown, on the 28th of July. Alexander has
ripened in other years in the same place at dates
varying from the 20th to the 26th of July. It is
about the same size and geneial appearance with
Alexander, but not having this season an Alexan-
der for comparison, we cannot state the exact
difference. The flavor and general qualities were,
however, excellent, and all that a first-class peach

should be.

a ■ »

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Running out of Varieties of Fruit A

Virginia correspondent says: "Referring to your
notes on decay of varieties of strawberries (page
271), why is the spread of fungus troubles
'more fairly to be attributed to climatic causes'
than to a combination of soil and climate? Do
not soil and climate mutually re-act upon and
affect each other? Or, do you hold to the theory
that varieties have a limited existence and their
descendants decay about the time the parent
plant should wear out?"

[There is no evidence that we know of that
varieties "run out" in the general acceptation of
that term, which is that a tree or plant is but an
individual, and that a cutting or graft from it does
not extend the time that the individual was ap-
pointed to live. But horticulturists do know that
when varieties are moved to soil or climate, or
both, unfavorable to health, they do wear out, run
out, or in some way become unhealthy and finally
disappear. For instance, a strawberry or goose-
berry in a cool moist summer climate just adapted
to its constitution by nature, will not get the
spot on the leaf of the one or mildew on leaf and
fruit in the other. There is no known reason why
a variety there should not last several hundred
years. In hot dry summer climate these fungous
diseases rapidly develop, and the variety soon
gets poor. Hence we have to be repeatedly in-

troducing varieties that will be " free from mil-
dew" and "thoroughly hardy," till a few years
under the enervating influences make them as
bad as their predecessors. In the North where
the summer climate is moist we do not hear of
strawberries running out, though they grow in
many varied soils. Hence it is a fair inference
that soil has much less to do with the failure than
climate. Still our correspondent's point that un-
favorable soil may sometimes be a factor in the

unfavorable result is undoubtedly correct Ed.

G. M.]

Grapes in Valley of Virginia. ^ "Max,"
Staunton, Va., under date 5th Sept. says: — "For
once the Vineyardist has nothing of which to com-
plain— no rot, mildew nor any other ill, to which
the grape is heir, troubled him this season, if we
except the bees.

"At this point, Brighton ripened first, making
handsome bunches and yielding well — fully two-
thirds as freely as the Concord. Began cutting
them August 27th, but the bees had anticipated us
and claimed a large share. Moral, plant Brighton
for its vigor, fecundity and quality, but if there are
bees in the neighborhood use paper bags.

"Salem and Wilder ripened next, both doing
well — cut these Sept. 1st. Heretofore the rot has
injured Salem and Catawba very materially but
both escaped this year. Concord and Delaware
followed, both maturing sufficiently for table use
by Sept. 5th, and yielding heavily ; Catawba, Clin-
ton, Norton, Geothe are all promising ; the Clin-
ton coloring rather slowly and irregularly. Re-
ports from other portions of the Valley and eastern
slopes of the Blue Ridge, are to the same general
purport. Tell us, Mr. Editor, to what causes
climatic or other this is due. An exceedingly dry
summer and autumn, succeeded by a fairly, though
not excessively, moist spring and summer, are the
conditions. For years past Catawba and Salem
have rotted in both wet and dry seasons. The
culture and pruning have been the same. Annual
applications of stable manure and close pruning
in the winter. No summer pruning whatever.
Western exposure. Gravelly, limestone soil."

[It has always been noted that exceedingly dry
summers or exceedingly dry soil, is favorable to
heathfulness in the grape, and for this reason it is
quite common to find localities so hilly that corn
would turn its leaves to shavings in summer,
given up to grape culture. Just why this is can
only be answered hypothetically for we do not
know that the reason has been actually demon-
strated.

304

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

We do know that what we call mildew and rot
come from minute species of fungus that require
very nice combinations of heat and moisture to
have their spores germinate. Those who believe
that fungi can attack the healthiest vegetation
would, therefore, "guess" that the fungus would
not germinate in the dry atmosphere. Again we
do know that the grapevine is very sensitive to the
loss of its root fibres. Black rust on the roots,
Phylloxera on the roots, a little more water than
can rapidly pass away round the roots, or rather
young fibrous roots, weakens a vine, and then
mildew and rot hasten to get their work in on the
foliage and fruit. So then those who believe that
fungus only follows weakened vegetation, point to
the dry weather and "guess" that the roots could
not but be healthy in such a season.— Ed. G. M.]

Small Berries on Lindley Grapes.— Mr.
Lorin Blodget says : " I pick today a few bunches
of grapes from the Lindley vine, Rogers' hybrid No.
9, which are clearly affected by a cross fertilization
with a Delaware vine alongside of them ; a much
younger vine, and for the first time large enough to
give opportunity. I send you a small box picked
from a high point, 35 feet, and on the eastern
roof slope, where it has been ten years in full
bearing. They are not quite ripe, but the spar-
rows are at them, and have already thinned out
the bunches, so I must cut them.

"The smaller grapes are both on the bunch
among large ones, of the usual size, and often
make nearly a full bunch of themselves. They
are without seeds in most cases.

" The great Lindley vine was severely affected
by the winter, and has but half a crop. The
western extension was shortened 35 feet, and the
northern part came out a month late. Until the
last of May much of it remained dormant. Later,
it has grown rapidly, with many shoots 13 to 16
feet, of this year's growth. It is still an enormous
vine, and now in full vigor. Delawares are not
ripe, by a full month. '

[We are very glad to' have these specimens, be-
cause they furnish the occasion to point out how
even the most intelligent may at times be mis-
taken, and as accounting for the many statements
that have been made from time to time, favorable
to a belief of an immediate influence of pollen in
fruit. Here are bunches of Lindley having many
of the normal size, and many small like Delaware,
and other bunches in Which all the berries are
small, and one may well be excused for supposing,
a Delaware being near, that they were Delaware

bunches produced by the action of the Delaware
pollen on the flower of the Lindley. Beyond this
fact ol small size there is, however, nothing to in-
dicate any difference from Lindley. The color of
Lindley is like the Delaware, so we cannot infer
Delaware from that, and flavor is not Delaware
but Lindley. But the absence of seeds tells the
whole story. We know from experience with
grapes that crosses produce as perfect seeded
berries as the originals. A Delaware and a Lind-
ley, crossed together, would produce berries bear-
ing seeds. These having no seeds evidences
against the idea of the influence of Delaware pol-
len. But another strong reason is that all hot
house grape growers are familiar with the vines
often bearing grapes not half the usual size, and
wholly seedless, and this in houses all of one vari-
ety and where the pollen influence of some other
variety is therefore wholly out of the question.

It is usual to refer the cause to something that
interferes with the proper nutrition of the vine or
flowers in the bunch, after the flowers have been
fertilized enough by their own pollen to start
them on the fruiting track. Nutrition ceases, from
some cause, after fertilization, but before the min-
ute embryos have started to become perfect seeds.
This is the reasoning of intelligent grape growers,
but we do not know that it has been demonstrated
by absolute proof. — Ed. G. M.]

Lutie Grape. — This is an accidental find on
the grounds of Dr. Chisholm, near Nashville, and
believed to be a seedling. It is at any rate differ-
ent from any variety known to the Doctor, who is
well versed in grape knowledge, having some fifty
varieties to compare it with. It ripens earlier
than any he has — about 15th of July. Some sent
to us reached here on the Sth of August, but after
their long journey the berries had fallen from the
steins, and had somewhat fermented. There
were 78 berries, and appeared to have been two
bunches. So far as we could judge under these
conditions, it appeared to be an excellent kind. It
is claimed by those who know it, that it is perhaps
the most desirable variety for the South that has
ever been introduced. It is not only early, but
has a large bunch, with the general qualities equal
to the Delaware, and the growth as strong as the
best of the well known kinds. These points should
certainly commend it strongly to grape growers.

Capers. — A Southern correspondent would like
to know whether any one has tried to raise Capers
— Capparis spinosa — in the South, and with what
result ?

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

305

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

SUCCESSION OF FOREST GROWTHS.

I!Y ROBERT DOUGLAS.

Three years ago I published my observations
on the succession of forest growths in the Rocky
Mountains and all the forests in the Northwest.
Since that time it has been observed that the same
rule applies to Europe. In the Gardeners'
Monthly for July an article on the same subject
copied from the [ndependent and headed " Suc-
cession of Forest Growths," names the very same
trees that I referred to, but in a way which shows
that the writer did not understand my meaning.
He says, '• In the Rocky Mountains of Colorado
the first tree to take possession of the rocky
heights is the Aspen Poplar. No other tree at-
tempts to take possession of the sterile soil."

Now my observations have extended over many
years, and long journeys in the mountains, yet I
fail to bring to mind a single instance where the
aspen has taken possession of the sterile soil on
the rocky heights, except where the land had pre-
viously been burned over; and where the land
had been burned over, it is proof positive that
timber had already grown there ; so this does not
prove that it was the first tree to take possession.

The natural place for the aspen is in moist soil,
and there it will be found making its best growth'.
It was an interesting fact for me to notice that
this tree, or its seeds rather, are so dtlicate that
they will not germinate even on land slides, but
newly burned land is in the best condition possi-
ble for delicate seeds ; and this tree has a better
opportunity than any other I know of for reaching
the burned land. Its seeds ripen in spring ; they
are produced in incalculable numbers, and so
small that a million would not weigh a pound ;
they are floated in the air on wings of down, so
that they are the only seeds which can reach the
mountain tops, but they cannot germinate so well
on ordinary dry land as many other trees; and
undoubtedly if the seeds of pines could reach the
sterile soils and rocky heights, they would be
more at home than the aspen.

The writer, still speaking of the aspen, says :
"No sooner, however, does it spread over the wide
acres, than the twisted pine (Pinus contorta) rushes
in, contests the ground, and finally conquers."

Now, in what way can the Pinus contorta "rush
in " on these rocky heights of sterile soil ? Its
seeds are not light like the seeds of the aspen.
They could not cross the valleys from another
mountain, and the trees, each one of them must
have a seed to start from. In cases where Pinus
contorta " rushes in " as soon as the aspen has
spread over the wide acres, it will be found that it
started from the seeds at the same time the
aspen did, but in four years it would not be so lall
as the aspen grew the first season.

Pinus contorta (it is now called Murryana) has
very persistent cones. I have seen trees that have
held their cones sixteen years, very many if not
all of them still enclosing the seeds. Heat is the
best and almost the only instrument that will open
these cones ; hence when a fire destroys the forest
many of these seeds are just in the right condition
to germinate, and they can be seen springing up
in countless thousands, and by counting their
annual growths in the older burnings, you may tell
quite accurately in many instances, the year when
the forest was burned.

It is quite possible that the aspen may antedate
all others of our forest trees, indeed it has been
found imbedded in the fens in Northern Europe,
deeper than almost any others of our commonest
forest trees, but this is no reason why we should
jump to the conclusion that its growing on the
Rocky Mountains at high elevations proves it. It
only grows on burned lands and on moist places,
and its seeds give it that advantage.

I do nor see a particle of evidence in any of the
mountains and forests, to prove that there is a
succession of forest growths at all, except where
the lands have been burned over, or where the
conditions have been changed by being flooded,
or by being changed by some convulsion of
nature ; and these instances are so rare as hardly
to need a passing notice. The writer goes on to
quote Hansen's observations on the same subject,
but in this case also he neglects to state that the
aspen is the first tree to appear on burnt lands,
and the birch the next, just as I reported of the
burnt lands in Northern 'Wisconsin, and the Black
Hills of Dakota. It seems to me that any man
who will take time to look into this matter will see
plainly that the birch must follow the aspen, and
see just as plainly that it must drive the aspen out

3o6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

for it too produces immense quantities of fine light
seeds. It does not require a very large birch tree
to produce two or three million seeds in a single
season. Now although the birch did not have
an even start with the aspen, it has a very great
advantage over it after it once gets established ; as
the aspen is a short-lived tree, and does not reach
a great height, the birch soon overshadows it.
And add to this that the aspen seeds will only
germinate on finely pulverized soil or on moist
land, it will be seen that it must confine itself to
the margins of streams, or to moist lands — as it
does — to abide its time, till another forest fire
gives it an opportunity to extend its bounds.
Now what evidence have we of the succession
of forest growths, where the timber has been cut
ofif without fires having run over the land ? In New
England pines are fast covering the lands where
pines originally grew. And as a general thing,
this is so all over the country, except in some
parts of the country where the land is very sandy,
and having become broken and washed by heavy
rains, the sands have been blown around in a few
localities without having been burned over; and
in dry climates like Colorado, where, when the
forests have been burned off, and the land exposed
to the parching sun and drying winds, there is no
probability that the land will ever produce vegeta-
tion of any kind for ages to come. Indeed it is
only at the highest altitudes that Pinus Murryana
is to be met with, and where there is more moisture
than nearer the base of the mountains.

Waukegan, III.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Thl Wood of Thuja Gigantea, and of
CuPRESSUS NUTKAENSIS. — A Correspondent of the
Garden says :

"Thuja gigantea is, among the trees on the
Northwest coast, the Indian's best friend, for out
of its wood and bark he manufactures endless
articles of domestic, hunting, fishing, and war-like
economy. Most of their canoes are hollowed out
of it, at least in Vancouver Island; and there is
a case quoted where a canoe made out of Cupres-
sus Nutkaensis, in Vancouver, was quite an excep-
tion, and indeed the canoe was probably traded
from some of the northern tribes, and not of Van-
couver manufacture at all. The Indian ropes are
also very commonly twisted out of its bark. The
tree which I took for Thuja plicata, and out of
which 1 happened to see the Indians, just at the
time I wrote the letter quoted, twisting ropes, I be-
lieve, from after investigation, to have been only
a stunted form of T. gigantea, and that T. plicata
is not a separate species, but for reasons which I

have given in another place, and cannot now
again repeat, is indeed, only a variety of T.
gigantea. North of latitude 53° Cupressus Nut-
kaensis takes the place of Thuja gigantea, and is
applied by the Indians to all the useful purposes
of T. gigantea, and to some others in addition.
For instance, at the Matlakatlah Mission, on the
coast of British Columbia, in about latitude 54°
north, where there are fine groves of it, it is sawn into
lumber and sent to Victoria, where it meets a ready
sale among the cabinet-makers, as it takes a fine
polish and works beautifully. Most of the prettily
polished discs and little cylinders used by the In-
dians in gambling are made either from this wood
or from that of Acer macrophyllum. It is also
valuable for ship or boat-building. The wood of
T. gigantea is whitish, but in its fresh state is
yellower; hence the name Yellow Cypress applied
to it. It is light, tough, durable, and easily worked.
The property ot durability it shares with Thuja
gigantea, and, in addition, it has a pleasant fra-
grance. On this account the Russians about
Sitka used to call it dushnik, or scented wood. It
was absolutely at one time exported to China,
and returned marked with Chinese characters,
which warranted it as ' real Chinese camphor
wood,' puissant for many purposes and a sovereign
remedy against moths in drawers ! In repairing
old Fort Simpson, the only log found sound after
twenty-one years' trial of those used for under-
pinning was a stock of this."

To which we may add that it is well-known to
American botanists that Thuja plicata, of Enghsh
gardens, and Thuja gigantea are identical. In
regard to the range of the two species named it is
an error that north of latitude yp, Cupressus Nut-
kaensis takes the place of Thuja gigantea. The
writer of this penetrated near latitude 60'^, without
meeting a single specimen of the Cupressus,
though the Arbor Vit e was abundant up to that
point, and probably it extended further. In the
Russian Church at Sitka, which the writer had the
chance to examine, the fragrant wood was cer-
tainly the Arbor Vitas. With a good chance to
botanize for a couple of days about Sitka, no
specimen of the Cupressus was seen. The Indians
convened to tlie Greek Catholic system do not
sit in church on seats, but either kneel or sit on
their heels, which is the Indian method of sitting ;
and for a " carpet " the floor is strewn with
branches of the Arbor Vitae. Our party brought
to these people the news of the coronation of the
Czar, a year after date ! and the church was at
once festooned with the Arbor Vita:, and not the
Cupressus. Our little party had also a chance to
touch at the Indian Mission of Matlakatlah, which
is on the border line between Alaska and British
Columbia. We found over a thousand of Indians
civilized by a missionary named Duncan, living
in houses built by their own hands, like unto ours.

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

307

They had a grand church, built also by their own
hands, under the direction of their good mission-
ary ; a very beautiful building, and which was
built wholly of Thuja gigantea. The odor from
the wood reminded one of the incense-flooded
cathedrals of Catholic Europe. Unfortunately it
rained in torrents, and it was not possible to do
much botanizing around that spot ; but all the
trees seen were of Thuja gigantea.

At Killisnow Island in Alaska, the Reverend
Mr. Hill, a Presbyterian Missionary, teaching I
Indians the industrial arts, had established a saw
mill, and told the writer that it was only on rare
occasions that they found a tree of the Yellow
Cypress. The Arbor Vitae was everywhere. On
the whole, we conclude that the impression that
the yellow cedar is a common tree in Alaska, and
takes the place of the Thuja, which is to be
limited to a range farther south, is erroneous.

The Arbor Vita is well worthy of its specific
name, gigantea, as seen in Alaska. It grows quite
as large as the average of pine trees in our
Eastern States.

Forestry in New Hampshire. — Report of the
Forestry Commission appointed by the Legislature,
July, 1 88 1. The Commission consisted of Gov-
ernor Hale, Messrs. Henry G. Jesup, Joseph B.
Walker, William H. Hills, Joseph Barnard, Wil-
liam S. Ladd, Ithiel E. Clay and William F. Flint.
They served without any expense to the State, ex-
cept $300 for clerical assistance.

Like all these Commissions, and efforts by
States, in connection with the Forestry question,
this has resulted more in a collection of facts
bearing on the subject, than as formulating any
comprehensive plan on which the Legislature can
act. Indeed, the commissioners themselves say
that the chief result hoped for from their work is,
that " it may provoke discussion and elicit opin-
ions" as to what can be done. As to opinion, the
report itself shows how little help can be had from
that source. .A number of letters appear from
" old inhabitants," who very well know that there
has been a decrease in rainfall since the forests
have been cut away ; but when we turn to an-
other part of the report, to the records of the rain
guages, we find that there has been an increase
rather than a decrease of rainfall, since the
"oldest inhabitant " takes his retrospective view.
If springs have dried, or rivers show less water in
their courses, it will be from other causes than a
deficiency of rainfall.

A very useful feature of this report is, the full

list of the woody plants of New Hampshire, by
William F. Flint.

It is evident from this and other reports, that
the great drawback to Forestry planting in our
country is the liability to forest fires. A complete
and exhaustive chapter is given to this topic here.
The usual recommendations are repeated here,
that "laws" prescribing penalties, and fixing
liabilities should be established. A sort of police
to put out fires, and hunt for incendiaries is recom-
mended. As to fixing liability, that is surely clear
enough by the common law now, but we all know
what it is for a poor fellow to undertake to sue a
rich corporation for damages. Five, ten, or even
twenty years are taken, before "Justice" renders
her decision ; and when she does, the legal costs
take all the damages one may be awarded.

After a careful study of this able report, we are
still of opinion that our plan is the best — to make
it the duty of the public prosecutor, not to fine
people who accidentally start fires, but those who
leave dry brush around for people to fire; and to
imprison {fines and damages being nonsense)
those through whose negligence in these matters,
loss of life or damage to others ensues.

Forests and the Water Supply. — As fre-
I quently noted in these columns practical matters
' depend so much on correct deductions, that what
I would be nothing but abstract science to most
persons, becomes very much more to those in our
I profession. It is of first importance that what
I passes for science should be absolutely correct.
This has been the ground taken by this magazine
in regard to whatever there is in the question of
rainfall and forestry. The ideas emphasised by
Marsh in his " Man and Nature," mainly through
our efforts, are now thoroughly exploded. It is
now conceded that forests are a result and not a
j cause of climate, and their reflex influence very
small. The only claim left now is that forests are
distributors of moisture. Perhaps they are. In-
deed facts incline that way ; but inclination is not
definite proof, and much that is offered is but as-
sumption. Below is an extract from the recently
! issued report of the Water Department ot Phila-
delphia, whose Chief, Col. Ludlow, is one of the
most intelligent gentlemen who has ever occupied
that position :

" During the past 60 years the Schuylkill has
displayed a marked diminution in its minimum
flow. In 1816 this was estimated at 500,000,000
gallons per day ; in 1825, at 440,000,000 ; in 1867,
400,000,000 ; in 1874, 245,500,000. This remarka-
ble decrease, not being accompanied by any
great change in the rainfall, nor probably in the

3o8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

total annual discharge of the river, is no doubt
largely due to the destruction of the forests within
the drainage area, wliereby the conservative ac-
tion of the woodland is lost, and the rainfall is
permitted to descend rapidly to the bed and pass
off in a succession of freshets." Page 70, Report,
1884.

The Schuylkill is the river that supplies Phila-
delphia with water. By minimum flow is the least
quantity that has flowed during any 24 hours in
the year. Col. Ludlow admits that there has
been no certain method by which the flow could
be measured, and he tells us at page 75 that
next year he will try and inaugurate a better
system. We may perhaps doubt if the smallest
quantity that came down in any one day in 1816
was five hundred million gallons a day. Still it
is possible that the remarkable difference between
1816 and 1874 stated, should not wholly exist.

Presuming then that there has been a decrease,
is there ground for Col. Ludlow's statement " no
doubt the decrease is largely due to the destruc-
tion of the forests, etc.?"

Singularly enough there was little if any forest
destruction on the headwaters of the Schuylkill

between 18 16 and 1825, yet the figures show a
falling off of 60,000,000 gallons. The greatest
forest destruction was between 1825 and 1867, yet
though there is four times the period of time the
falling off has been no greater than in the single
ten years when there were no trees of any conse-
quence cut. In the last ten years, between 1867
and 1874, when there was comparatively little
timber left to cut, when the amount of timber was
nearly the same at the end as at the beginning of
the period, the river fell off nearly one-half.

It is clear that whatever falling off there may be,
or is, the fact has no connection with the forestry
question. It will be an extremely interesting
study what is the cause of this remarkable differ-
ence in the river's summer flow ; but we shall
never know what the cause is if we accept without
hesitation Col. Ludlow's " no doubt " as true sci-
ence.

Wood for Cigar Boxes. — Mr. F. R. Jackson
says in Gardeners' C^r<;«2V/£ that Cedrela odorata,
and not the Red Cedar, furnishes the wood of
which cigar boxes are made.

Natural History and Science.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

New Races of Flowers. — Since it has been
well established by the work of the Florist that
the old maxim that "like produces like," as a test
of a true species, is just as characteristic of any
garden variety, much more encouragement is
given to experiments in getting new races of
flowers out of what would once have been re-
garded as mere freaks of nature, than formerly.
These so called freaks can be reproduced from
seed, and thus we are able to perpetuate all sorts
of curious things. Some one in the Old World
has thus fixed a curious freak in the common gar-
den Cyclamen, a representation of which we here
reproduce from the London Gardeners' Chronicle.
A lace-like frill has been developed from the petals,
and it may be termed the "Fringed Cyclamen."
It was raised by Mr. Clarke, a florist of Twicken-
ham, near London.

There is a grand field among these freaks of
nature open before American flower lovers and
improvers.

Sources of Nitrogen in Plants. — Mr. Dar-
win's careful experiments on the so-called carni-

i885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

309

vorous plants, to our mind conclusively overturned
the conclusions of Boussingault, Lawes, Gilbert,
Pugh and others, that plants do not obtain any
nitrogen from the atmosphere, but solely from the
earth through their roots. Air plants contain an
abundance of nitrogen, but aside from this sug-
gestion, Mr. Darwin's work indicates that the uses
of glandular hairs, and perhaps plant hairs of any
kind, are connected with the absorption of nitro-
gen. The view that plants do derive much nitro-
gen from the atmosphere receives now additional
force from an excellent paper published in the
Country Gentleman of Aug. 27, from the pen of
Prof. Atwater, of the Wesleyan University, Conn.
Of the nitrogen in plants on an acre, his results
give over one-third as derived from the atmos-
phere.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Finding Rare Plants.—" IVIrs. J. S. R. T.,"
Spartanburg, S. C, writes : " I have an absorb-
ing desire to catch the attention of all to the many
attractions of our fair sunny South-land. Flori-
culture being my specialty, I am best fitted — if
fitted for anything — to speak of her thousands of
beauteous flowers, leaving to others the more dif-
ficult task of lauding her other claims to consider-
ation. Latterly I have made one of my pleasures
a commencement of the collecting and study of
native plants, and am often overjoyed when I find
to me an utterly unknown species or variety.
Early in spring I was told that in our near vicinity
there was to be found in abundance a wild tiger
lily, from which date I have eagerly gone in search
of it with happy results of not only finding state-
ment verified, but, what I think of far more impor-
tance, I think it a new unnamed variety, for this
reason : I sent specimen of flowers without the
bulb to Dr. Asa Gray, Harvard L'niversity ; he
wrote me, " That it was L. superbum ; that the
bulb ought to have a rhizome attached, which I
had probably left in the earth," which I am sure
I did not. 1 had expected to find it attached and
examined to see if the digger had not left it in the
earth. No sign of any rhizome or of a break on
the bulb; which proves to my satisfaction that if
the rhizome is an essential to L. superbum that
my find is not that variety. In Chapman's " Flora
of Southern States" before me, he mentions six
varieties, viz. : L. Philadelphicum, Canadense,
Carolmum, Catesbaei, Superbum and Grayi, all to
be found in South Carolina and adjoining States.

I was astonished and pleased to note a peculiarity
in a specimen of above variety before me which
I have never seen in other varieties nor remember
to have read of. The plant grows from 10 to 20
inches high with leaves with wavy outlines, sub-
acute, arranged in sectional whorls 3 inches long,
by I inch wide ; six in a place, with this pecu-
liarity that three are narrower than the other
three, and arranged on stalk like petals of lilies
are on pericarp, i. e., three smaller inside leaves
than the three outer rows ; looks exactly like a
green lily. Bulbs size of hickory nuts. Many
scales easily dislodged. Flower petals 6j^ inches
wide by full 3 inches long, much recurved like
Turk's cap, section centre of lily cup pure pearl,
while deepening from creara canary to deep
glowing orange scarlet, with large purplish spots
in heart extending as far only to where the orange
scarlet tints begin. Now, Mr. Editor, please tell
me my find's name. Is it an old and well-known
variety, or a new discovery ?

[The description does not certainly fit any lily
with which we are acquainted that is indigenous
to that region ; at the same time it must be said
that the country has been so thoroughly worked
over by botanists that the chance of finding things
wholly new is very small. It is far more likely
that the botanist fails to recognize the old friend
in the description, than that the plant is wholly
new. Perfect specimens of bulbs, leaves and
flowers are necessary to identify a lily. — Ed.
G. M.]

Mistletoe on the Oak. — " Student " inquires
" whether the Mistletoe is found on the Oak in this
country, as it is never found on the Oak in the Old
World ?"

[The fact is the Mistletoe has been found on the
Oak in a few rare cases in England of late years,
and there is evidence that it was one of the most
common occurrences in Druidical times — 2000 or
more years ago. The great probability is that
the Mistletoe has no objection to any tree, and its
occurrence on particular trees in particular places
or particular centuries depends on climatal causes.
In Texas our Mistletoe is found chiefly on the
Mesquit ; in Virginia and North Carolina on the
Elm ; in Delaware and Maryland on the Persim-
mon ; in Canada on the Poplar.

It probably requires peculiar climatic conditions
at the germinating season, and these conditions
can be made more effective on certain trees than
on others. Some trees will better aid these cli-
matic conditions than others, and if climate

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

changes in any one place, another kind of tree
will then favor the conditions better than the one '
which formerly filled the post of assistant to na-
ture. Now climates must of necessity change,
and the climate of Great Britain cannot possibly
be the same as it was when the Druids cut the
Mistletoe from the Oak trees ; and with the ch-
matic change there will naturally be a change of
tree by the Mistletoe to suit the new conditions.

Change in an African Marigold. — Mr. A.
Blanc says : " I send you two flowers of a Mari-
gold, both taken from one plant. You will notice
that one is single and the other perfectly double. I
This plant produced nothing but single flowers at

first, but now a number of fine double ones are
appearing. This shows how seedsmen are often
blamed unjustly for imposing on people, for in
this case 1 gathered the seed myself from perfectly
double flowers sent to me by Messrs. Hallock, Son
& Thorpe to engrave. Perhaps the seed not hav-
ing matured on the plant, may account for it."

[This is certainly very curious; the single
straw color, and the double orange, on the same
plant. But we do not know how far this may ex-
cuse some complaints. If we planted seeds of the
double orange and half the seedlings came single
straw color, we should be apt to suspect a mixture
of seeds for all this experience. — Ed. G. M.J

Literature, Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

LETTER FROM PARIS.

BY M. H. LESTER.

Before I left Antwerp I visited the flower
market. It is held under the trees in the Public
Square, and the plants were chiefly of what we
should know as of the bedding class. The Lo-
belia and Heliotrope seemed of a darker blue than
ours ; the flowers of the Roses larger, and dwarf
Dahlias and Asters more floriferous. I made a
running visit to Ostend, Ghent and Brussels.
The king of the Belgians has his beautiful grounds
here. He is passionately fond of gardening, and
will no doubt regret that he was absent when an
American sovereign, such as your correspondent,
called on him. It takes twelve hours from Ant-
werp, but most of this time seems taken up in
changing cars. Car fare is cheaper for the person,
but they get even with the American rate if the
poor fellow has any baggage.

Well, Paris and its fashions! Every body asks
about them. It is the ladies themselves, not their
dresses. A coffee sack on a French lady would
look as well as a dress by Worth on the lady of
any other country. The substantial character of
the buildings impresses one in Paris. They look
as if built to defy time and stand forever, and
statuary, real representatives of famous people,
meet the gaze everywhere. The streets come to-
gether into three, four or five points so often, that
one can easily get lost, and are so cleanly kept

that crossing stones are never thought of. Flower
stores are in every block, but there is a strange
sameness in the pot plants, Euonymus, Pandanus,
Fuchsias, Ficus elastica. Asters or Marguerites as
they call them, Geraniums, Gloxinias, Heliotropes,
Roses and Mignonettes comprise the bulk of what
one finds in any one of them. The old summer
Rose, Madame Plantier, is the most popular of any,
although there are large numbers of Etoile de
Lyon, Mermets and Neils. Cut flowers of Glad-
iolus and Mignonette are everywhere in abund-
ance. The Grand Opera House, and the Avenue
de I'Opera opening out from it, strike one with
wonder; but almost every store thinks it essential
to have the windows and doorways embeUished
by pot plants, which add immeasurably to the
charming scene. The military and professionals
of various classes, with their uniforms and robes
of office, worn in the streets, also add much to the
supposed gaiety of a Paris scene. As 1 went
through the opera avenue a regiment of cadets,
boys of not over 14, with fife and drum, made
things lively Fruit and vegetable stores abound.
Fruits are handled more carefully than with us,
and the "bloom" on the plums and grapes is care-
fully preserved; and the vegetables, carrots, rad-
ishes, scorzonera, artichokes and cauliflowers, they
keep so fresh and plump as if but a minute before
brought from the garden. On the foliaccous
vegetables it is hard to note a wilted leaf. After
a great deal of crossing in and out of famous
streets amidst cooling fountains, and the shade of
umbrageous sycamores, I found myself in the gar-

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

3"

den of the Tuilleries. Oranges of over a hundred
years old in tubs, Una the promenades. There
are probably loooof them. The stems are about i8
inches in circumference, and the trees are shaved
into exact globes about 4 or 5 feet thick. Immortelle
flowers are much used, and freely, to wreath the
statuary on festival days. The flower beds are so
thickly planted that it is a wonder how so many
kinds can be made to grow thickly and harmon-
iously together. In the lake are two black swans, of
which I have often read but never saw before. Part
of the garden is set apart for nurses and children,
where they gambol and play to their hearts' con-
tent, and crowds of children flock round and en-
joy the Punch and Judy shows. Gentlemen sit in
other parts and read their papers, while near by
under the shade of the sycamores, ladies join in
exploring the interior of lunch baskets. The
Chamber of Deputies, hospitals and asylums here,
grand, not only in their majestic architecture, but
also in their wonderfully long French names, all
cluster hereabouts, with the Cathedral of Notre
Dame, in which lie the remains of Saint Denis,
whom every good Parisian glories in as his patron
Saint. Passing by the Obelisk covered with in-
scriptions in ancient Egyptian, which I had not
time to stop and read, I made for the pretty gar-
den spots in the Elysian Fields, or, if we must be
French when in France, let us say Champs
Elysees. An avenue a mile or so long, crowded
with carriages, if crowd is a fair name for the jam
of carriages, and with wide strips of park garden-
ing'on each side. The Parisian, however, never
loses sight in his gardening of plenty of play
ground, and it is surely here. All sorts of char-
acters perambulate these public garden tracts ; one
of the most curious was an old man with a sort of
bag of iced drinks over his shoulder, and a faucet
under his arm from which he would fill your cups
as you pass along. Parties play cards on tables
so long as there is no appearance of gambling go-
ing on ; and there is the conjurer with his tricks to
amuse the young ones. Beds of low shubbery,
such as Rhododendrons and Spireass, with flowers
everywhere intermixed are everywhere in this
public pleasure garden and play ground, and
though millions on millions must crowd here con-
tinually, are rarely injured. The floral mixtures
seem very strange and novel. Here is a clump
of our American Kalmia latifolia with scarlet
Geraniums mixed through them. Deodar Cedars
and Ageratums, Fuchsia fulgens under dwarf
Weeping Willows, Arabia Sieboldii with Clarkia
pulchella, and so on.

Then again special features would be had by
using all Japan Maples, Euonymuses, or Retinos-
poras, and contrast the whole with Begonias and
such flowering things among them. Curious efiects
by mixing were had with our mammoth Sequoia,
Oleanders, Magnolia grandiflora, mixed up with
Marguerites and such like. Gypsophyllum is
largely used for edging, as also is the lovely sun-
worshipping flower, Gazania splendens. But they
cannot begin to come up to the well-kept lawns of
the United States^ — though I be burned as a heretic
I will say it — nor will they ever till they knock
their old scythes into ploughshares, and send to
Philadelphia for a cargo of lawn mowers. And
yet they are ahead of us in some thing?. You
won't catch them sprinkling streets by a clumsy,
ugly, filthy concern called a water cart, but a
neatly dressed man has a system of light riveted
hose on a pair of wheels which he leads around
and sprinkles at a tithe of the cost for watering
that your old lumbering horse water barrel does.
From the top of the grand triumphal arch — or, if
we must. Arc de Triomphe, you may see all Paris ;
but to a lover of neatness and order few things
will be more pleasurable than the clean asphalt
walks everywhere around. Twelve of these beau-
tiful avenues centre here. You rush for an omni-
bus to get to your railroad station, but the law
allows only twenty-four in and twenty-four out,
and you must await your turn till an empty seat
comes along. It is a happy thought for the fellow
inside that you have plenty of room without an-
other to crowd on you ; but for the poor wretch
on the street who knows he has but five minutes
to make his train and may be fifteen before that
empty seat comes along, the idea has more of the
thorns of the rose than of its beauty and fragrance.

You may comfort yourself, however, if so dis-
posed, while waiting, by investing forty American
cents in a bottle of good wine. At length we get
the omnibus, and as we ride back the way we came,
still wonder at the clean streets, the simple method
of sprinkling, the iron gratings around the side-
walk trees, and the beauty everywhere, till reaching
the Place de la Madeleine and seeing the whole
square one large flower market, we leave the om-
nibus to enjoy the pots, and sights of buyers and
sellers around them. It is enough to make one
look as if asked to swallow the Washington
Monument! I never saw such a quantity of pot
flowers together before. Palms of numerous
species, with the dwarf and curious trees and
shrubs, such as Eucalyptus and Myrtles, Yuccas
and Amaryllis, no end of Roses, with of

312

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

course huge lots of our old friends, Madame
Plantier, Begonias, Pomegranites, Oleanders, Cox-
combs, Lilies of many kinds, Friesia, Veronicas
from New Zealand, Cannas, and a Dwarf
White Dahlia, which in a six-inch pot will
have half a dozen flowers and the whole
plant not much higher than the pot itself. Then
there were Perennial Phloxes, Arundo Donax,
Hydrangeas, Coleus, Ericas from the Cape of
Good Hope, Gardenias, Aucubas, Campanulas
tortured and twisted around stakes to all sorts of
fantastic forms; these will give some sort of an
idea of the kind of things that go to make up the
grand flower market in Madeline Square ; or, if
we must we must. Place de la Madeleine. The
cut flowers, of course, furnish an ample contribu-
tion to this beautiful scene. Huge buTiches of
Roses, fresh as if covered with morning dew, of
La France, Paul Neron, Eugene Appert, can be
had for a song, or a few sous, which is much the
same thing ; and, after having feasted the mind
to its heart's content, we can go into a restaurant
along "La Place" and get a feast for the bodily
man that would be good enough for Napoleon
were he here and living yet, for about 5 francs.
Having seen how the people get their flowers, 1
will try next and see how the wealthier grow
specimen plants. Paris, August loth, /SSj.

OUR LADY'S GARDEN.

BY R. A. OAKES.
III.

But, above all other flowers, the Virgin claims
the incense of the lily and the rose, types of purity
and love. It is said that, when the unmarried
men of the lineage of David assembled to woo the
Virgin, their rods were placed in the temple, with
the understanding that the owner of the rod found
budded should be her husband ; and that of
Joseph alone was found covered with lilies. After
her death, the doubting apostle Thomas refused to
believe in her ascension; but on the opening of
the tomb it was found full of lilies and roses, and,
on looking up, Thomas beheld her in her flight to
the heavenly hosts, and she threw to him her
girdle, to insure his faith.

In the Golden Legend, a lily is said to have
grown out of the grave of an ignorant knight, who
could only be taught to say Ave Maria. On
every leaf was the invocation in letters of gold,
and, on opening the grave, the root was found to
have grown from the faithful knight's mouth. A
similar story is told of an idiot boy of Brittany,

who lived under a tree in Auray, and who could
never be taught more than the repetition of the
words "Ave Maria" and " Salaun is hungry."
When he died, the neighbors, thinking him soul-
less, buried him beneath the tree where he had
lived. But the Virgin in rebuke, caused a lily to
grow out of the poor boy's grave, every leaf of
which was stamped with Ave Maria in letters of
gold. A chapel now adorns the place, in which
is the shrine of Salaun the Simple, and the idiot
boy, as a popular saint, insures tender reverence
for those who possess a soul, if not a mind.

From their association with the Virgin, lilies
were thought to confer maternity on women, with-
out other aid than the mere eating of them, and a
vase of these flowers became the symbol of mother-
hood. Bede uses them as an emblem of the
Virgin's resurrection, the pure white petals sweet
as her own spotless body, the golden anthers
within typifying her soul, sparkling with divine
light. The fourth King ot Navarre, in memory of
an image of the Virgin found in the heart of a
lily, and which cured him of a dangerous disorder,
instituted the Order of the Blessed Lady of the
Lily. In 1403, Ferdinand of Aragon, in honor of
the Virgin, instituted an order of knighthood,
called the Order of the Lily, whose badge was a
collar composed of these flowers.

Most frequently is the Virgin designated as
Santa Maria della Rosa. Dante says:

"—Here is tlie Rose
Wherein tlie Word Divine was made inearnate.'*

She is the Rosa mystica. Old Sir John Mande-
ville tells the legend of one who had "gathered
much goods of his lord's," approaching a wood
where thieves were gathered, and as he knelt to
say "Our Lady's Saulter," the Virgin came and
placed a garland on his head, and "at each Ave
she set a rose in the garland that was so bryghte
that all the wood shone thereof," and the thieves
turned back, leaving him unharmed. In the sixth
century, St. Medard, bishop of Noyon, in honor of
the Virgin, established the J^i'fe de la Rosiere, at
which the maiden who was irreproachable was
crowned with a chaplet of roses and given a purse
of three hundred francs. Interrupted at the Revo-
lution, this beautiful /tVf day was reinstated in
1812, and is still yearly observed. The rosary
was instituted with direct reference to the Virgin,
St. Dominic having been shown a chaplet of
these flowers by the Holy Mother, and in com-
memoration, real roses were used as correspond-
ing to the joyful, sorrowful, glorious mysteries. In
the twelfth century, Isobart, a pious monk, while

iSSs.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

313

worshipping at Our Lady's shrine, fell dead, and
irom his mouth, eyes, and ears roses sprang.

Mediaeval art is strewn with flowers from the
garden of Our Lady. In pictures of the Annuncia
tion, Gabriel presents the Virgin with the lily, the
Fleur de Marie; sometimes the olive is substi-
tuted; more rarely the palm. In the Visitation
we see her in the garden of Zacharias, where, it is
said, she once touched with her finger a scentless
flower, and immediately it emitted the most de-
licious perfume. In the flight to Egypt the palms
bent to offer shade to the Mother and Child.

It has been difficult to keep within the borders
of Our Lady's Garden ; for. outside, are other
gardens rich in religious, poetic, and mythic asso-
ciations ; gardens of the Saviour and the Saints;
lovely parterres dedicated to Iranian, Egyptian,
Greek, Roman, Scandinavian and American
deities. In whatever geological age man first ap-
peared, flowers were already blooming to welcome
him. The study of primitive culture and folk lore
has revealed to us the awe, the honor and the
adoration in which the floral world was held ;
and, though flowers have lost the prestige of the
possession of magical powers, the magic of their
loveliness will never fade, and, the profounder the
intellect of man, the more tenderly will they kin-
dle in him, "thoughts that lie too deep for tears."
— In Independent. Norton, Mass.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

A, Monument to General Grant. — Land-
scape gardeners contend that their art is equal to
any, and are a little sensitive that they seldom re-
ceive the homage which the artist in general re-
ceives from society. There is no doubt that if an
artist is to be born and not made by mere culture
or education, as it is so often contended he should
be and must be, we may expect to see him cradled
in a garden oftener than elsewhere. Unfortun-
ately the artist, though garden-born, forgets his
nativity ; and when there is a good chance to do
honor to his birthright he rarely gives landscape
gardening a thought. No wonder society under-
rates the landscape gardener. Just now the coun-
try is exercised over a proper monument to General
Grant. It is the theme of many a pen, and every
large city is discussing it from many a point of
' view. We notice eminent landscape gardeners
like Vaux having their say with the rest. But no
one goes beyond stone or brass, though most
admit that nearly all memorials of this kind have

been sad failures. They are not truly artistic it
is contended. The high art desired by the mem-
orialists is seldom brought to life in the monu-
ment. Ugliness reigns where beauty sought a
throne. Now if high art is to be claimed by land-
scape gardening, why not exemplify it by a Grant
Memorial Park or public garden, which in real
artistic beauty should rival the public gardens of
the whole world ? Such an idea would be strictly
in keeping with the memory of the great name we
would perpetuate. Even those who fought, bled,
and suffered for the cause that was lost, never be-
lieved that it was best that there should be two
powerful nations watching each other side by side
on this continent. To them it was but a sad al-
ternative that fate seemed to decide for them.
Honestly but sadly they struck the blow which
eventually crushed themselves. Still, amidst the
sorrows which it is unnatural to suppose can yet
have wholly passed away, even they rejoice that
one great country has been preserved to us and
that the standing armies and intolerable burdens
that would have had to be borne by the jealousies
of two great and neighboring nations, may now
be expended in the arts of peace in which garden-
ing has so great a share. We would not to-day
enjoy as we are now doing the pleasures which
gardening gives us but for the great military talent
which kept this country one. Peace could render
no greater tribute to war which by its successful
ending made the reign of peace possible than that
which would be embodied in a memorial garden.
The hand of a genius in landscape gardening
could make everything tell of the greatness that
brought it into existence. The Grant drive should
out-grandeur all the other drives ; the Grant foun-
tain laugh forth its bubbling waters louder than
us sisters ; and Grant arches. Grant vases. Grant
arbors, and especial Grant gardens in the one
great park, all executed with the skill that charms
and yet perpetuates, would make the name of
Gr.Tnt a blessing to thousands; whWe ihe Semper
pcrpetua sought after in the marble quarry or
striven for in the foundry would return to earth
again long before the garden's death. An an-
archial mob threw down the Vendome column,
and a few pounds of dynamite from the hands of
some insensate may send the Arc de Triomphe in
a few moments to the grave of ruin ; but no in-
vader, no enemy from within or without, could
destroy a garden like that beyond a fair recovery.
But will such a Grant testimonial come ? We
fear not. As we have said, there seems to be no
great artist in landscape gardening at present that

314

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

is capable of preserving the dignity and breadth
of his own art ; at least such seems to be the case ;
for, as we have sadly said, among all the'advocates
of art in the question of a Grant memorial not a
landscape gardener comes forward to claim a
place. The Le Notres, Reptons, Loudons and
Downings are no more.

Where to Locate. — We were in some doubt
about passing R. C. Poppey's paper in our last.
It had too personal a tone about it, and yet seemed
to be disinterested. We are now sorry we did.
Mr. Grove P. Rawson writes from Elmira, that
Poppey came to him on trial as a foreman. He
was found undesirable, and was given to under-
stand that he was not wanted around. He stayed
a few weeks in the town, and Mr. Rawson believes
there are some who would like to know where he
has gone to. On again reading Poppey's note it is
evidently so written as to convey the idea that
there are no florists' establishments in Elmira,
though he does not absolutely say so. Such was
our impression when we passed the note for publi-
cation. In reference to this Mr. Rawson says:

" Elmira has seven distinctive florist concern?,
and some others who combine market gardening.
Four make a living, the others eke out in other
ways. I am doing well myself, for I have a good
location, have been long established and give
satisfaction ; besides, am fairly supplied with
means. I do not find it difficult to recognize the
spite in his article, as he had already hinted it. A
new-comer in Elmira would not find the rare in-
ducements referred to, but a competition as sharp
and earnest as anywhere."

Mr. Rawson adds to the above some comments
in relation to the character of the communication ;
but we feel that these are needless, for every
reader will supply his own epithets much more
forcibly than any we dare put into print.

Free Distribution of Seeds by the Govern-
ment.— At the third annual meeting of the Ameri-
can Seed Trade Association, held at Rochester,
June 9th, loth, and nth, 1885, the subject of the
free distribution of seeds by the government came
up, and Mr. Vick made the remarkable statement
that " I know of a. firm that sold a quantity of
beans to a dealer that he sold to the Government
at about six dollars per bushel, the same stock the
firm were about throwing away, as they were con-
sidered worthless. And I have heard of the
European houses laughing many times of the sales
they have made to our Government."

It is difficult to see any distinction between the

morahty of selling seeds known to be worthless, to
the Government at high figures, or selling them to
private individuals ; and, if we had not Mr. Vick's
positive statement that he "knew" the firm, we
should have promptly resented the imputation as
against any honorable member of the seed trade
in our country ; and we are the more surprised
that this statement, and the further one in refer-
ence to European houses "many times cheating"
— for it is nothing less — the American Govern-
ment, did not elicit some expression of surprise
from the members present. It seems to us that it
is due to the respectable members of the seed
trade, that more should be known of these trans-
actions, and those either in this or the old world,
who have no higher estimate of their moral obli-
gations, marked for reference.

Poverty Weed. — A correspondent says that
under this name is known in Ocean County, New
Jersey, the pretty little plant known to botanists
as Hudsonia tomentosa. We find by making a
frame — a bottomless box — and placing it around
this plant, and then filling it up with sand, it is
easily cultivated.

Randolph Peters. — Few men were better
known in the nursery trade than Mr. Randolph
Peters. He was a man of indomitable energy and
perseverance, and amidst many discouragements
brought a very small nursery business up to one
of large size and extensive reputation, near Wil-
mington, Del. His death occurred on the l6th of
September, in his 63rd year. We have no word
of the nature of his illness.

Mr. Hitchings. — By a note in the American
F/ofisi hnef\y stating the fact, we learn, with re-
gret, of the death of this very useful man, whose
name is almost a household word with those who
have had to do with hot water heating. The
simplification of the work of warming, by the intro-
duction of his heaters, had much to do with the
great popularity of hot water heating in our coun-
try, and his name deserves a record in the history
of American gardening.

The American Florist. — During the more
than quarter of a century of the existence of our
magazine, so many horticultural periodicals have
been born only to meet early graves, that we
heard of this one's entry on the stage of life with
the lightest enthusiasm natural under the circum-
stances. But with Nos. I and 2 before us, we feel
free to say that this has evidently come to stay.
It is a bright, newsy sheet, and deserves the
support of all who desire well to the florists' trade.

I88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

315

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Address by Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, at the 20th Session
of the American Pomological Society.

With the close of this meeting of our Associa-
tion, thirty-seven years will have elapsed since its
organization. Thanks to the goodness of an over-
ruling Prov dance, it still lives to dispense its bless-
ings on mankind. Long may it go on prospering
and to prosper, while the earth bears a fruit, or
man lives to cultivate it.

I have several times tendered my resignation as
President, but the Society has as often declined to
accept it, and has elected a special officer to
occupy the chair when from any cause I might
not be able to be present. This action I take to
be an e.xpression of feeling that I should still re-
main with you by official relation, not so much for
what I can now do, as for a testimonial of regard
for what I have done in the past. So beUeving, I
have the pleasure to address you again.

Happy should I be if I could meet with you, to
e.xpress personally our gratitude to the Michigan
Horticultural Society for its cordial reception, and
the ample accommodations it has provided for us ;
and most happy should I be to exchange con-
gratulations on the continuance of our lives ; to
rejoice with you in the prosperity of our Associa-
tion, and to concert measures for its usefulness in
advancing the great work that has been committed
to our charge ; but as this cannot be, I console
myself with the hope that you will accept the in-
vitation of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society,
and come to Boston in 1887, when I may be per-
mitted to lay off the robes of office with which
you have so long honored me, unless, ere that time,
I shall have been clothed with the robes of im-
mortality, and gone up to gather celestial fruits,
which ripen not in earthly climes.

The work which our Society assumed was great
indeed — no less than to compare fruits, and opin-
ions as to the value of the numerous varieties in
cultivation ; to assist in determining the synonymes
by which they were known ; to endeavor to
abridge, by general consent, the long catalogue
of indifferent or worthless sorts then propagated
by nurserymen and cultivators ; to furnish reliable
information in regard to the varieties which succeed
in our varied climates ; to maintain a spirit of

cordial intercourse with kindred institutions — in
short, to extend and improve the culture of fruit
throughout our land. Thus our Society became
the herald and guardian of a new era in the pro-
gress of Pomology never before known in this or
other lands. It was its mission to lead in this
most beneficent work. Most faithfully has it ex-
ecuted this trust, embracing, as it now does in its
organization, not only the States and Territories
of our Union, but the British provinces on the
North, all of which are represented in our institu-
tion, thus constituting, as it were, a Continental
Association, working together harmoniously for
the advancement of the Pomology of the American
continent. Most of those who stood as sponsors
at the organization of our Society, have exchanged
the cultivation of fruits for the culture of the soul
in the better land, and we fondly trust are now
partaking of those immortal fruits whose bloom
was on earth, but whose harvest is eternal in
heaven. The Downings, Brinckli:-, Prince, Buist,
James, Ernst, Warder, Walker, French, Cabot,
and our Secretaries, Vick, Blliott, and Flagg, have
passed on, leaving bright examples of their interest
in our Society and the objects it seeks to promote.
But, while we thus speak, let us be thankful to the
Giver of all Good that some of its founders, who
rocked the cradle of its infancy, still hve and
stand as its god-fathers to this day to receive the
thanks of grateful millions. Thomas, Parsons,
Hovey, Ellwanger, Barry, Robert Manning, still
live to help us carry on our noble work.
IN MEMORIAM.

In reviewing events since our last meeting, I
feel that we should most gratefully recognize that
Divine Goodness which has preserved the lives of
so many of our members to the present time.
Some few— only a few— from our large member-
ship have passed away, and only one, so far as we
know, of the more than one hundred connected with
us by official relations, has departed since our last
session, two years ago.

But he whom we could least spare has been
taken from us. Charles Downing, our beloved
friend, the upright man, and the great pomologist
of America, is no more ! The loss to our country
and cause seems now to be irreparable. But
Infinite Wisdom cannot err, and we should be
thankful that he has been so long spared to us.

Mr. Downing was born at Newburg, N. Y.,

3i6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

July 9th, 1802, and died at his home in that city
January i8th, 1885. His death is to me a most
afflictive event. We were associated together for
nearly half a century in efforts to advance the
pomology of our country. Succeeding, as he did,
his brother, A. J. Downing, whose eulogy it was
my sad duty to pronounce thirty-two years ago, he
became the editor of the Fruits and Fruit Trees
of America, all the editions of which have been
dedicated to my name from the first. These cir-
cumstances have drawn us more and more closely
together by the ties of affection and friendly
regard.

As a pomologist, he was world-renowned for his
knowledge, accuracy, and good judgment, and as
such had a longer experience than any other man
of whom I have any record in this or any other
country. His books will ever be precious memor-
ials of good fruits and good men ; of a life whose
great object was to make others happy in the
enjoyment of the beauties and bounties of creation'
and which has been a blessing to our world.

For more than a generation, he edited the Fruits
and Fruit Trees of America, first written by his
brother forty years ago. With the progress and
expansion of pomology, this work grew under his
hand to such an exteijt that he might well have
claimed to be the author ; yet, with characteristic
modesty, he preferred to lay his laurels upon his
brother's grave. This encyclopaedic work, in its
many successive editions, is now the authority in
regard to the multitude of fruits described in it.

Charles Downing is dead, but his spirit is still
with us, and will continue to inspire our souls, and
the souls of those who shall succeed us, as long as
a love of the beautiful in nature, of rural pleasures
and of domestic comfort shall have a place in the
heart of mankind. His star has now set. but it has
left a golden record which shall illumine the
annals of pomology, while the earth shall bring
forth the fruits which he so much loved. His
works are a rich legacy to the American people,
and an enduring monument to his memoiy.

Although it has not been our custom to refer to
the decease of members who had not been officially
connected with us, I cannot refrain from express-
ing the deep regret which has been generally felt
on account of the deaths of two of our members
who held the highest positions in the Horticultural
Societies of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts,
whose hospitalities we have several times enjoyed.

Hon. W. L. Schaffer had for seventeen years
held the office of President of the Pennsylvania
Horticultural Society, and had been still longer

in other official positions. He was much devoted
to the interests of that Society, and the advance-
ment of our cause.

Hon. Francis B. Hayes was in the fifth year of
his Presidency of the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society. He was much interested in Horticultuie,
especially in the introduction of new shrubs and
plants for the adornment of his country residence,
expending large sums of money for this object,
and was one of the largest and most constant con-
tributors to the exhibitions of the Society over
which he so ably presided.

Both of these gentlemen were taken from us
last year ; they will long be remembered for their
love of Horticulture, and their labors in promoting
it, and will long be mourned, not only by their
respective Societies, but by those of this Society
who remember them as presiding whh dignity and
grace at the banquets given to us on our last visits
to Boston and Philadelphia.

WHAT OUR SOCIETY HAS ACCOMPLISHED".

When we reflect on the unsettled and chaotic
condition of pomology in our country when our
Society was established, the narrow limits to which
fruit culture was confined, and the few engaged in
it, and compare it with the immense territory now
occupied for this purpose, and its importance as a
great industry of our country, I think it may be
well to take a retrospective view and see what our
S'ociety has accomplished.

Its formation opened a new era of enterprise in
the annals of American Pomology, which has no
parallel in those of other lands. It was the first
great national pomological society, embracing in
its organization the largest area for fruit culture in
the world, where almost every fruit of every zone
may be grown in perfection.

It has brought into close communion of interest,
and concert of action, the most experienced and
skilful pomologists of our country; and by its
proceedings and publications has furnished ex-
amples and methods of work which have been
adopted by other pomological and horticultural
societies, all working harmoniously together, and
thus has become the acknowledged pomological
authority of our land.

It is truly an American Society, having, through
all the vicissitudes of the past, held in the bonds
of friendly intercourse for the promotion of our
cause, the North, East, West and the South, and
every region where fruits can be grown on this
continent.

It has raised the standard of excellence by
which our fruits are judged, discouraged the culti-

1885-]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

317J

ration of inferior sorts, and thus educated the
taste of the public for those of better quahty, so
that kinds once common in our markets have
become obsolete, and are now considered unworthy
of propagation. In doing this portion of its work
it has discarded by general consent more than six
hundred varieties, either worthless or superseded
by better sorts.

It has established a uniform system of rules, by
which fruits are to be shown and judged. But,
what is of the highest importance, it has instituted
a much needed reform in the nomenclature of
fruits, by which all long, unpronounceable, indeli-
cate, inappropriate, and superfluous words are to
be suppressed in the dedication of our fruits.

One of the grandest achievements of the Society
is its Catalogue of Fruits, published biennially,
with isothermal divisions and columns for fifty
States, Territories, and districts, in which are
recorded the fruits which may successfully be
grown in those divisions, with stars to designate
the merits and seasons of each. This is a work
of great merit, and not attempted by any other
society. And here let me say, that we should
never forget how large a debt of gratitude we owe
to Mr. P. Barry, as Chairman of the General Fruit
Committee, for its compilation and classification.
He has performed this duty for a long course of
years ; and fortunate indeed is it that we have, as
his successor, his son, Mr. W. C. Barry, who has
been so well educated for this duty.

Few things in the history and progress of Amer-
ican Pomology have been more effective in the
past and more promising of valuable results in
the future than our system of State Reports.
They embrace correct information from trust-
worthy persons, having special reference to the
varieties most successfully grown ; new kinds
worthy of special notice ; the chief obstacles to
successful fruit culture in each district ; and cor-
rect information in regard to the extent and pro-
gress of fruit culture in each section of our
country, and are published under the supervision
of the chairman of the General Fruit Committee
of our Society, and contain a vast fund of infor-
mation not elsewhere to be found.

These reports constitute a mine of pomological
wealth, and contain not only all the modifications
and changes which may have been made in col-
lecting information concerning the culture of
fruits, but also in the naming of them, and the
synonyms by which they are known ; the most
desirable varieties being designated in our cata-
logue by stars, according to their several merits.

I cannot close my remarks on this subject with-
out expressing the very great interest I feel in
continuing this most important branch of our
researches through generations to come, so that
for all time we may have a system for the advance-
ment of pomology, which shall be worthy of our
nation and the great interests we represent. Had
it done nothing else, this alone would entitle our
Society to the universal approval which it now
receives, and the gratitude of the generations
which are to succeed us.

Before the organization of the .Society, while
we had around us, an immense region ready for
the cultivation of the finest fruits, great confusion
prevailed in nomenclature, and the difference
between good and bad sorts was very dimly
appreciated. At that time, pomologists experi-
enced great difficulty in obtaining varieties true to
name ; and sometimes, after repeatedly procuring
fruits, and losing years in waiting for them to bear,
found themselves where they started. The Am-
erican Pomological Society has performed an
immense labor through its meetings and its com-
mittees, in correctmg this confusion, and it is
wonderful to contrast the early condition of pomo-
logy with its present mature state. Its future labor
will be continuous and of vital moment, in intro-
ducing new and valuable varieties; and what will
be of the greatest importance, maintaining an ac-
curate nomenclature. It will inform fruit-growers,
in every State and Territory, what fruits they are
to look to for successful culture. But most im-
portant of all, its business will be to give American
Pomology a high character as a science ; to prevent
the appearance of mere money-making and petty
attempts to impart undue prominence to new
favorites by laudatory names. The continued aim
of the Society will be to maintain a position of
dignity, integrity, and impartial usefulness.

To record all the good the American Pomologi-
cal Society has accomplished would be equivalent
to writing the history of American Pomology
during the period of the Society's existence. Its
proceedings are not only a record of the events
of the time, but they clearly show that the Society
has been pre-eminently instrumental in shaping
and directing the pomological destinies of our
continent. It has organized and systematized
everything pertaining to fruit culture, and has
developed and elevated American Pomology.
The Fruit Catalogue is a grand and glorious
work, but far greater is the educational and refin-
ing influence which the Society exerts over its
members. No one — unless he be irredeemably

3i8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

depraved, — could attend its meetings without be-
coming not only a better pomologist, but also a
better man and Christian.

The work which our Society assumed was im-
mense. It required a great Society to carry it on.
A great amount of time, labor, and treasure has
been expended in bringing it to its present flourishing
condition; but however great tlie labors performed,
and the sacrifices made in behalf of our Society,
not one regrets them, but all rejoice that they
have had a share in promoting a work so bene-
ficent in its design, and in perpetuating it for the
comfort and happiness of mankind.

That the Society's mission for the future will be
not less beneficial is hardly to be doubted, built
upon so solid a foundation as it is. It will con-
tinue and complete the reform in nomenclature
just commenced. As the laws that govern cross-
fertilization become better and better understood,
it is not improbable that the most desirable types
and strains of fruits will become more firmly
established, resulting in the diminution of the
number of varieties, and the perpetuation of only
those best adapted to our various climates and
soils. The special aim of the Society should be
to enlist in its active membership all the best
elements of our country, and to form, as far as
possible, a closer relation with all existing State
Pomological or Fruit Growers' Societies.
(To be concluded in next issue.)

FLORISTS' CONVENTION NOTES.

BY EDWIN LONSDALE.

I.

Philadelphia is selected for the next convention.

Mr. C. L. Allen, of Garden City, N. Y., said
that plants reason, think and feel.

Mr. Robert Craig, of Philadelphia, wonders
what the rose Andre Schwartz thought when
the florists who were so unfortunate as to have it
on their hands were frowning on it.

Mr. Charles Henderson, Jersey City Heights,
says that the dormant rose plants received from
Georgia last autumn did not prove satisfactory,
most of them dying during the winter after being
potted. The cause was the unripe condition of
the wood. If a position could be selected and
secured where the soil is comparatively dry and
poor, and the same success attend the rooting
of the cuttings in the latter case as in the former,
and the ripening process be thoroughly accom-
plished, there would be a lucrative rose trade
diverted from Europe to our own sunny South.

Mr. Robert Craig, of Philadelphia, says there is

no question about the superiority of the Bennett
over any other red rose, and it will eventually,
and that very soon, supersede the Duke, Pierre
Guillott and Jacqueminot.

Mr. Robert J. Halliday, of Baltimore, says he
will admit that Bennett is a good rose, but when
the Duke is handled right he wants nothing better.

Mr. Walter W. Coles, Claymont, Del., declares
that the Duke paid him better last winter than
any other rose that he grew ; that is, he realized
more money from a given space planted with the
Duke than from the same amount of space planted
with any other variety. Mr. Coles' plan of grow-
ing the Duke is to give it lighter soil than is used
generally for other varieties, and it should contain
at least one-half manure. Temperature is an im-
portant factor in the production of good Dukes ;
iqO higher at night than is generally used for such
as Catherine Mermets, may be advantageous.

Mr. John Burton, Chestnut Hill, Philada., is
of the opinion that steam possesses no advantages
over a well constructed hot- water apparatus for
heating greenhouses. With him there is no differ-
ence in the consumption of fuel, and if his advice
were solicited as to which was the best system to
use in a large new range of houses the toss up of
a penny would decide the question.

A. B. Fowler, of Exeter, N. H., says, " Heads !
steam wins ; tails ! water loses. When steam is
not more economical than water for heating green-
houses, all other things being equal, the trouble is
generally found to be in the draft."

The painting by Mrs. Duffield of the rose Her
Majesty was flashed on the convention by Mr.
May at the conclusion of his practical and excel-
lent essay on " The Rose," and it created a sensa-
tion. This rose may be described as enormous in
size, excellent in form, and pleasing in color.

Mr. John Henderson, who it is reported had
said on a former occasion, that he had been well
repaid for his trip to London after seeing blooms
of Her Majesty, said here that the picture did not
do the rose justice (this the distinguished artist
admits herself), for, said Mr. H., the coloring is
somewhat defective, being too dark, and the pur-
ple shading at the lower part of the flower has no
place in the rose itself. Such unstinted praise as
this distinguished rosarian bestows on Her Ma-
jesty places it beyond a doubt as the foremost
rose of any age, and one that has undoubtedly
come to stay. From its extraordinary strong
growth, no person would suspect its origin. It is
a cross between Mabel Morrison and Tea Canori.
The disseminators would be justified, from its

I88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

319

breeding, to class it amongst the Hybrid Teas,
but it would not be policy to do so, because so
far it does not partake of the same characteristics
as the Hybrid Teas, with the exception of the
glossy bright appearance of the leaves. If it takes
kindly to this climate, and there is no reason to
believe it will not, every professional or amateur
with enough ground must have one of his own.

.\mongst the most pleasant things to be remem-
bered in connection with the convention held in
Cincinnati, the one that will live longest in mem-
ory, will be the testimonial present made to Presi-
dent John Thorpe by his many friends. It is to
him that the society owes its existence, and the
small token is to make some recompense to show
their gratitude for his efforts.

THE INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION AT
ANTWERP, BELGIUM.

BY M. H. LESTER.

One franc is the price of admission to the Ex-
position. Today, another franc is charged — in-
side— for admission to the Horticultural Depart-
ment. It is arranged about as any other first-
class Exposition. Specimen Palms at the back
around the hall, on stilts, to accommodate the
height of the building, and groups on the floor.
Palms are as seen in all first-class collections.
Astrocaryum,Areca,Chamarops, Livistonia, Pritch-
ardia, Kentia, Phcenix, Luculla, Thrynax, and
several others are represented in good size speci-
mens. I think there are larger specimens in the
United States of Pritchardia grandis, that any I
have seen here.

The first prize for twelve Crotons was awarded
to large and well colored specimens of the follow-
ing: Johannis, Magnifolia, Andreanum, B. Roth-
schild, Mortii, Rosea picta, Messangeana, Fascin-
ation, Baron F. Seilleur, Ovaefolium, Tortilis, with
Philodendron crassifolium on it for a label. The
second prize was awarded to a collection of smaller
plants, also well grown and colored, in which not
one of the above names occurred.

The first prize for a collection of Orchids, 12
in number, was awarded to the following: ^-Erides
Dayana, Cattleya Mendelii, Cypripedium bar-
batum superbum, — a large piece with about 30
blooms, Vanda suavis Veitchii, Vanda suavis
Lindenii, Odontoglossum Alexandra, Oncidium su-
perbiens, Cattleya Gaskelliana, Epidendrum vitel-
linum, Vanda tricolor insignis, Calanthe vera-
trifolia and Miriaspidium sanguineum. The first
prize for a specimen Orchid went to a ragged

looking piece of Dendrobium thrysiflorum with 5
spikes, a good deal past its best.

First prize for twelve Nepenthes went to the fol-
lowing: Ampulacea, Hookeriana, Morgans, Stew-
artii, Laevis, Veitchii, intermedia, Masterii, some of
the pitchers of which would hold a quart, San-
guinea, Maculata, Chelsoni, and Dominiana, all
well grown and pitchered.

I think there are two first-prize collections of
Gloxinias and well they deserved it. You see one
can not find out anything, no one here speaking
English. Carnations, etc., in pots, were well done,
as were cut blooms, nicely exhibited with their
own grass ; and otherwise were very creditable,
until one came to a collection of, I think, 36 varie-
ties of Flakes and Bizarres from Chas. Turner,
the Royal Nurseries, Slough, England, which
knocked everything of that description in the Ex-
position higher than the old fashioned " cocked
hat" used to be.

I noticed some large pieces of flowering An-
thuriums, somewith looflowers 1 think, but I didnot
see A. feriense.or A. Rothschildianum among them.
A large piece of A. crystallinium, and another of
A. Warocquianum were grown one-sided, but there
was a famous piece of A. Veitchii with over 30
leaves, some more than 3 feet Ion;:;.

Among other Orchids in bloom, I noticed
Acineta Humboltii, Dendrobium formosum gigan-
teum, Phalsenopsis amabilis, LaeUa majalis, Cat-
tleya Loddigesii, Cattleya Gigas, Phajus Hum-
boltii, Vanda suavis RoUinsii, Anguloa Ruckerii,
Saccolabium Blumei, Batemania meleagris, Disa
grandiflora, Cattleya Sanderiana, Cattleya Leo-
poldii, Anguloa Clowesii, Vanda Walltichii and
several others.

It would make this too long to mention all the
plants worthy of notice, but I will mention a few.
Cochliostema Jacobiana, a large piece, was well
bloomed, also Medinilla magnifica, and a good
balloon shaped piece of Lapageria alba in a 16-
inch pot. Caladiums are dull in color to me, as I
have grown some of the same varieties for the
past two years at New Orleans {received from
here). Rex Begonias also. I have seen better
plants of Louis Cretein than were in any collection
here. Double Petunias in pots are fine, also Ge-
raniums ; but large specimens are in tubs, enough
for four men to carry.

Tree and other ferns are well represented, and
some splendid collections and specimens are on
exhibition, and a nice little case of Aneoctochilis
and another of Bertolonias from Louis Van
Houtte. Antwerp, Belgium, August 2, 1885.

320

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

APPARENTLY DIFFERENT IDEAS
AMONGST BUSINESS MEN.

BY J. E. \V.

" But if it is to be a grand collection of ordinary
merchandise, a bazaar, a mere mart where the
people are to be brought together to buy and to
sell, a mere question of ordinary ' business,' as our
correspondent puts it, the average man will not
send. He can make more money by spending
the amount of cost in personal effort in his own
office, with the ordinary advertising machinery."

Rather strongly put — " A mere mart where peo-
ple are simply brought together to buy and to
sell." I think it is the usual idea that persons who
make exhibits at grand exhibitions strive to ex-
hibit something better than "ordinary merchan-
dise." The average man who has nothing better,
of course will not exhibit, or should not. A few
words as to the business idea of the Exposition
that is now passed. The greater portion of the
exhibitors, numbering several thousand, occupied
the Main Building, the Machinery Annex, the Fur-
niture Annex, etc. They fitted up their spaces in
good style and exhibiting their best goods. They
came provided with plenty of advertising material,
circulars, catalogues and cards of endless devices.
They and their assistants industriously talked
business on every appropriate occasion, tons of
advertising material were put afloat as occasion
offered. Here were dealers in every kind of
machinery, agricultural implements, furniture,
carriages, pianos, and almost everything from a
stove to a locomotive. What did these shrewd
business men congregate here for ? Merely to
make a grand show and get a premium ? I think
it is fair to presume that these business men all
understood the value of the " ordinary advertising
machinery " and had used it. That is the action
of the great majority after having tried the Exposi-
tion instead of the ordinary advertising machinery ?
They leave their stalls intact with the assurance
that they will return in the fall with greatly im-
proved exhibitions. Many of them have applied
for increased space — some even quadrupled. All
are enthusiastic over the Exposition that is passed
and are anxious for the continuance.

Our neighbors of Central and South America,
and of the Islands, are to be invited here with
their wares and merchandise. And it seems that
business is the idea ; or trade, if you like that word
better. Now if these business men propose to
continue this method of advertisFng instead of
the old ordinary one, why should not some of our
shrewd business florists and horticulturists try
the same thing? Those who have nothing and
can get nothing but ordinary merchandise proba-
bly will think it will pay to come ; and those who
want no business with the New South or to extend
their business with the big crowd that is certain to
be here, will hardly come. But 1 still feel, as I
expressed myself in my letter of June ist, that
there will be found brave, daring business men
amongst the horticulturists and florists who will
be with us the coming fall with their best shows,
and go for business. Come provided with plenty

of advertising material and use it as proper occa-
sions shall offer. I certainly will be disappointed
if it shall result that the horticulturists and flor-
ists are the only business men who are not ready to
take advantage of an opportunity such as the
North, Central and South American Exposition
promises to be. There are shrewd business men
amongst the horticulturists as well as amongst
other departments of business. I feel the results
will show this to be so. New Orleans, July 13th.
[We still think our excellent friend has not yet
fully taken in what we would desire. He has no
other interest in this matter than a warm public
i spirit which desires the complete success of the
exhibition. It is not a dollar inhis pocket whether
it succeeds or fails; but he has a proper pride in
what it is and ought to be. This is exactly our
position. The only difference between him and
ourselves is this. He notes that a very large
number of first class firms were not represented at
the exhibition. He could not understand why ?
We attempted to explain why ? But our corre-
spondent does not seem to think this can be the
real reason.

All that we can say is that if any one has any
better reason to offer, our columns are freely open
for their views. Anything that we can do to aid
in making the proposed exhibition a grand success,
it is our, earnest desire to do. — Ed. G. M.l

EDITORIAL NOTES.

American Pomological Society. — We learn
as we go to press that the session at Grand Rapids
was one of the most successful ever held by the
society, and gives renewed evidence of long life
and usefulness. Marshall P. Wilder was re-elected
': President ; P, Barry, Vice President, and B. Smiih,
Treasurer. Mr. C. Garfield was elected Secretary.
There were 4,000 dishes of fruit. The essays and
discussions were of a much higher order of interest
than usual. Three of the original founders of the
Society — Barry, Ellwanger, and Manning — were
present. The next meeting will be held in Boston.

The Florists' Convention at Chicago. —
I " Your correspondent who reported the doings of
I the Cincinnati Meeting of the Society of .'\merican
1 Florists, made several errors, one of which should
be corrected. It is true that Mayor Probasco ex-
tended an invitation to all present, to visit his
beautiful grounds, and many took advantage of
his kind offer. But the "third day" was spent by
the delegates at the Soldiers Home in Dayton,
, through the kindness of the C. H. & D. R. R.,
' which corporation placed at their disposal a
special train free. Sincethe Gardeners' Monthly
I has devoted over a column to an account of the
meeting, it seems but just and fair that the gener-
osity of the C. H. and D. R. R., should be men-
tioned. In this case it was proved that corpora-
tions do have souls, the old adage to the contrary
j notwithstanding. Yours Respectfully,
I "William J. Stewart."

THE

Gardeners' Monthly

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE. ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN,

Volume XXVII.

NOVEMBER, 1885.

Number 323.

Flower Gardm and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Gardening would be more nearly an echo of
paradise than it is now, only for the annoyances
caused by insect foes. The red spider is a terrible
pest, and the past season it has been more than
usually destructive. The evergreen box is a great
favorite with this little vixen, and only for this the
Box in its many varied forms would be one of the
most popular ornaments of our gardens. Then
many coniferous trees, more particularly the White
and Black Spruces and the Siberian Fir, seem
particularly attractive to them, and of late years
they seem to have discovered that a dose of Arbor
Vitae is not bad to take. They are so very small
that they can scarcely be seen without a pocket
lens, but their existence may always be known by
a brownish tint to the tree in summer time ; and
on a dewy morning by the dense cobweb which
is then made apparent like a silk net-work over
the whole tree or bush. From this web-weaving
power, and we suppose from some other anato-
mical characters they are classed with the Arach-
nideffi, or Spider family ; but while spiders gen-
erally are carnivorous, these little wretches are
suctorial, and live on the juices of the tree.
Spiders usually make webs to catch insects — ^just
what these creatures make webs for, that eat no flesh
nor drink blood, nor have anything to do but suck
the pleasant juices of our petted plants is not clear.

But we are getting too much out into wild nature for
"practical hints," where people want to know
what to do, than to get merely moral lessons.
Fortunately red spider cannot catch on well, and a
powerful syringe or garden engine will soon clear
a bush or small tree of them. They thrive during
hot weather simply because there are no rains to
knock them off. As they suck only, poisons will
not reach them. But when we have to deal with
insects that eat, such as the Elm-leaf Beetle,
Potato Beetle, or caterpillars such as the Measuring
or Canker Worm, a syringing or engineing with
water in which Paris Green has been dissolved,
will do the destructive work effectually. But very
often it is much easier to gather by hand than to
worry over poisons or mixtures. This is particularly
the case with the drop-worm, basket worm, or, if we
prefer the genuine name given by the entomolo-
gical men of science, Thryriodopteryx ephemerje-
formis. A boy will clear one's whole place of
them in a day, and a second picking will gather
in the few missed on the first venture. These
curious creatures that commence to build a house
over themselves when they are born, and die in
the house they build — the house that is at once
their cradle and their grave — are very common on
Arbor Vitffis and other coniferous trees. They
kill the trees if not taken off early, for no tree
suffers by the loss of its leaves like an evergreen.
Yet it is no uncommon thing to find gardeners with

322

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

great pretensions to knowing everything — so know-
ing that they do not even read a horticultural
magazine — with valuable evergreens totally de-
stroyed by reason of neglect in picking the bag
worms off.

At this season of the year one may watch trees
or shrubs in the woods for peculiarities in habit or
growth, and get cuttings or grafts for propagating.
This is especially the case with weeping or fasti-
giate trees. Almost all the curiosities we have of

of May last. The form with the few large flowers
is common enough, but the smaller with the im-
mense number of flowers in the head, would
gladden the heart of an enthusiastic florist to come
across, and would no doubt be very popular under
cultivation.

We still see occasionally advice not to have
anything to do with planting large trees, not to
touch anything over five or six feet high, or
thicker than broom handles. This advice smells

S^jisj.-:^

Azalea nudiHora.

this character, have been found wild originally by
some acute observer. They are not the results of
the skill of the florist, but of nature's own unaided
love of variation. Very few persons have any
idea of the great range there is to natural variation
till they begin to look for them. Annexed we
give an illustration of a variation in the common
Wood Honeysuckle, Azalea nudiflora, from a
photograph furnished us by Mr. Lorin lilodget.
The specimens were gathered in a piece of open
woodland near Media, Pennsylvania, on the 25th

somewhat musty. A tree twenty feet high and a
foot in circumference will grow just as well as a
small tree, providing it is vigorous, healthy, and
has been several times transplanted before, so that
it can be taken up at small expense, and with a
reasonable chance of getting most of its roots out
safely. It is pitiful to pass places just "finished"
with nothing but little saplings scattered about,
under the impression that larger trees would not
grow or do well.

Now we go into details, as most chapters on

'88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

323

"work forthe month "' do. For instance, we might
say it is now so well understood th.-it we may have
an immense addition to our list of hardy ever-
greens, if we will only shelter them, that we expect
all those who love these varied winter favorites
will take measures this season to plant shelter
belts in exposed places, or else to set the common
hardy trees like Norway and Hemlock Spruce,
and Scotch, Austrian and White Pines thickly
about, so that the rarer ones can be put between
them. Almost all young trees are tenderer than
they are when older. It is therefore no test of the
hardiness of some rare thing, that a small plant is
killed in the winter. Silver Firs almost always
get killed back for a few years in this section, un-
less protected, but yet gain a little in strength.
After they are ten years old they will endure our
hardest weather. So Spanish Chestnuts, English
Walnuts, and many others will die back consider-
ably, until they get strength. Therefore, protect
any valued young plant, if possible, no matter
how hardy its reputation may be. We have said
this before, but it is well to repeat accasionally
general practical advice given in former chapters.

Nice smooth lawns are great attractions. If not
level and smooth, earth may be filled in the
hollow places at this season, and raked smooth
and level. If not over two or three inches deep,
the grass beneath will come through and make a
sod before next summer ; but, if deeper, a little
grass seed may be sown.

In treating hedges of Osage, Honey Locust, or
other deciduous plants, we like the plan of letting
them grow as they will for two or three years, and
then, when the stems are a couple of inches thick,
saw to the ground. A mass of strong sprouts
then pushes up, which can be pruned into shape
the next summer. Where hedges are to be thus
made, or older ones have been neglected, they
can be cut down to the ground any time in the
fall or winter season. It seems that in spite of all
that has been said, Osage Orange and Honey
Locust are the best plants for farm fences, or
where any very strong fence is desired. Berberry,
Silver Thorn, and Pyrus japonica are the next
best — indeed, except that it takes rather longer to
make a good fence, the last-named would be as
good as the two first in all except cheapness. An
extensive travel, however, teaches us that even
Osage and Honey Locust are seldom successful as
a protective fence, without great care, knowledge,
and considerable expense. But the combination
of wire and Osage, or Honey Locust, is all that
can be desired. It need not be expensive barbed-

wire. Any light posts, with two or three strands
of wire — the posts simply strong enough to hold
the wire two or three years, till the hedge grows
up — is all that is required. When the posts rot
away the growing hedge keeps the wires in place.
Any sort of hacking of the hedge once a year, so
as to keep it in bounds, will then make a thor-
oughly hog proof, or thief-proof fence.

COMMUNICATIONS.

TOBACCO STEMS AND ASHES.
BY ERNEST WALKER.

I find tobacco stems placed about the root of a
peach tree answer three important purposes, viz :
that of a good mulch, destroy the borer, and answer
the object of a splendid fertilizer.

Wood ashes also destroys the borer, and is an
excellent fertilizer, supplying that important prin-
ciple in plant growth — potash — of which the peach
requires a considerable quantity.

The unusual thrift and health of our currant
bushes and their exemption from the currant
worm, prove wood and coal ashes to be also a
useful fertilizer for them as well as the peach.

New Albany, Ind., July 3jd, iSSs-

[When our correspondent writes that wood
ashes destroys the borer, we understand him to
mean that the borer dislikes to work where wood
ashes are. — Ed. G. M.J

NICOTIANA AFFINIS— A NEW ANNUAL.

BY N. ROBERTSON.

Nicotiana affinis is certainly one of the grand
novelties amongst new introductions. I always
speak of things as I find them. I made a bed of
it with some fears of what it might turn out, judg-
ing from the nature of the species that it would
make rather a »ough one, and its appearance in
its early stages surely indicated that. But when
it comes into flower all such notions get dispelled,
for I know no other plant that makes a more
unique and beautiful display of white than this
does ; and the sweet perfume that impregnates
the air for a long distance is most refreshing. Its
appearance in the day time, when the sun is
i strong, is rather dilapidated. It closes its flowers
in such a manner as no one could ever think re-
vivable again ; but when the evening comes it
shines forth in all its glory. In dull days it does

324

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

not close up to a great extent, and possibly if it
were planted in a shady position it would have
its open flowers all the time. Its duration of
bloom is long. Mine commenced to flower in the
middle of June, and now this morning (a dull
one), on the 13th of August, it is still in glory and
no appearance of giving out. It will have to be
remembered that it could only be used in a very
large bed or border, as its height, at least two
feet, makes it fit for nothing else. There is no
plant that can be easier grown ; but a grub is ex-
tremely fond of it in the early stages. Any one
using it the coming season will be delighted with
it I feel satisfied. Supt. Gov't Grounds, Can.

EUPHORBIAS FOR EMBANKMENTS.

liY M. D.

For the railroad embankment I will recommend
Euphorbia Cyparissias. Near Mumford, Western
New York, I saw a spread of it, the which covered
an area of ten feet square, or more.

It had evidently started upon level ground on
one side of a shallow railroad cutting, and thence
extended over and down the incline, composed of
yellow infertile soil.

It is a pretty, gray, level-topped thing, needing
little or no care. It ceases its upward growth at
eight or ten inches, and at that point maintains its
fresh looks the summer through.

As a companion plant for this, I would suggest
the annual, and weaker, E. peplus, with pale, but
not gray, green leaves, and growing erect to ten
inches, usually ceasing, however, at a less height.
Though not a common plant, I have found it at
several points here in Rochester. Apparently it
loves the shade, but " Gray's Manual " does not so
state. In one instance 1 discovered a large yard
almost filled with it, the plaiit, and the ground in
which it grew, having doubtless been undisturbed
for a considerable length of time. Rochester, N. V.

PLANTING TUBEROSE SETS FOR SETS
AND BULBS-

liV MRS. J. S. R. THOMSON.

I noticed with great interest the article of Ernest
Walker in October number, page 297, on " Propa-
gating from Blindwood," especially that point
made. The difference in time cuttings took to
bloom. My experience is his exactly, and I was
meditating this article when his confirmed me in
my determination to write it. This spring I ven-
tured to experiment in raising tuberoses by field

culture, hoping to be benefited in many ways —
lost health regained ; developing one more re-
source to the South ; and last but not least, a lib-
eral amount of pin money. I went into it heart
and soul and purchased from two sources sets to
plant. I took that admirable work of Peter Hen-
derson as my sole guide, "Garden and Farm
Topics," and went in all things by rules laid down
in it.

" Experience is a good teacher," and being a
close and interested observer of this (to me) un-
trod field I took careful note of the experiment,
and to-day I feel I am so much richer for it, I want
to tell my observation and see if I am correct.
One party who furnished me with sets sent them
very small indeed, not larger or longer than a
snap bean, whilst the other sent them full as large
as my fourth finger, or size of groundnut. The
first I planted with many misgivings, only faintly
hoping for bulbs large enough to offer in sale;
second or largest I felt sure would be all my heart
could desire. With good seasons and liberal cul-
ture, September 29th and 30th saw my bulbs all
harvested, 30,000 of them, and I am astonished at
the result.

I naturally supposed that the larger sets would
produce the larger bulbs, and vice versa, the small
planted, only a moderate-sized one — but I am
compelled to tell the truth, 1 see no material
difference in them on an average. The small
sets have produced the most uniform bulbs, and
in many cases a superior sized one, but with this
great distinctive diff"erence : — the largest sets
planted are crowded with many young sets, many
of them almost as large as parent set ; whilst the
small ones used are only sparsely furnished and
those are small compared to the parent or central
bulb. In fact it is sometimes difficult to dis-
tinguish bulbs from sets, they are so near same
size ; whilst in the small set the central bulb is
bold and exceedingly well-formed. Hence, 1
draw this conclusion : — that the large set had so
far perfected its growth, that soon after it was
planted it not only began to develop size, but to
reproduce itself in sets; whilst the small one had
to go on and develop to full maturity before it
could produce sets. In consequence, the set had
most of the nourishment to the full development
of those fine bulbs, whilst the others had it only in
part, the many sets around them absorbing their
full share. Herein lies the good of experience.
One growing bulbs, alone for their size, I think
should use extra small sets with most liberal cul-
ture ; whilst those wishing both good bulbs and

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

325

many sets, should make use of those farther de-
veloped, and with liberal culture. I watched
anxiously to see if the larger sets used would
flower ere desired, and was gratified by only 20
out of 30,000 planted doing so. A few bloomed
single, whilst sets were sold me as double Pearl
and Italienne. Spartanburg, S. C.

[These suggestions are undoubtedly correct.
Horticulturists have long since found that a small
onion set makes a better bulb than a large one ;
and the same law would apply here. But no one
has demonstrated this so well as Mrs. Thomson in
the above communication. — Ed. G. M.]

ROSES GROWN IN GEORGIA.

BY A. OELSCHIG.

In the October number of the Gardeners'
Monthly, under " Florists' Convention Notes,"
Mr. Charles Henderson is reported as saying, that
the dormant rose plants which he received from
Georgia last autumn did not prove satisfactory ;
and further as the cause, the unripe condition of
the wood.

The writer of this is not master of the English,
and not able to reply in such a manner as he
could do in his native language, but he will try to
make himself understood by the readers of your
worthy paper.

That the roses die during the winter, after being
potted, must be owing to some other cause than
unripe condition ; and if they die it must be the
fault of the grower, or his assistants. This will be
clear from the following facts.

The time we make our cuttings is from Decem-
ber to the latter part of January. Plants from
these cuttings will be in bloom about the end of
April or May, according to the weather. From
this time they will make their second strong
growth to about July, which is the time the per-
petual bloomers are over their second flowering
condition. The third series of shoots they send
up discontinue to grow by September. The plants
at that time have an average of from four to eight
branches — some varieties as many as twelve and
more — and an average height of five feet. They
grow no more after this, and so we are sure that this
wood is "ripe." There can be no question about
this. They are absolutely at rest till the first part
of December, when the frost kills the leaves and
the shipping commences.

The rose plant itself, however, is not done grow-
ing after finishing the third growth, as other
shoots come up from the bottom and bloom. Now

(Oct. 4th) the plants look just as vigorous as in
Northern States in July. They send up new shoots
again, which will be in bloom the latter part of
this month (Oct.) ; and if we have early frost,
most of the wood of even the last growth will
reach maturity before December ; and if not, there
is no harm done to the plants if the whole last
growth is cut off. There is plenty of mature wood,
and the plants would be large enough for any
florist — in fact, too large, yet, to bring them in
pots, with the exception of a few kinds.

It is to reduce bulk in packing that they are
trimmed, and not because of unripe wood. If any
ripe wood was cut out, as Mr. Chas. Henderson
complains, he may be sure that the grower did it
for cuttings, or that some of the workmen did it in
ignorance.

It would be unjust to the growing industry here
to condemn the Georgia-grown roses after a soli-
tary failure, unless an undisputed reason would be
given. Our firm has not received a complaint yet
on account of unripe condition, from any quarter.
To settle the question we make the following
proposition : Next season we will send to Mr.
Chas. Henderson, or any competent florist who
may be satisfactory to him, a quantity of plants —
say one hundred and twenty varieties, containing
Hybrids, Moss and Prairies — to start them in pots
and give them a fair trial. The result should be
published in the Gardeners' Monthly, and the
proceeds which may be obtained through auction
or private sale should go to the treasury of the
American Florists' Association.

We would be glad to hear about this matter in
the next number. Savannah, Ga.

SEDUMS IN ORNAMENTAL GARDENING.
BY M. D.

The Sedums were made for the gardener.
Knowing their colors and the height each attains
in a season's growth, he may lay out a perfect
garden at the start, never needing afterward to
approach it with shears or knife. I have frequently
thought that the plants of this genus were espe-
cially suited for growth in the near neighborhood
of houses of the Queen Anne type. The dull
colors or grays of the one would nicely blend with
the equally dull colors of the other. Many species
should be used, and they should not be formally
grouped, but brought together picturesquely.

With persons recognized as possessing good
taste, I think the tendency is toward toned-down
flowers and flowering plants, as well as toward

326

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[Navember,

non-irritating house exteriors. If bright colors are
to be used in the future garden, their sharp effects
will be neutralized, or smothered, in a mass of
abutting grayness or greenness.

Nature is seldom loud. When it is, it is so uni-
versally so that it is not to be distinguished from
stillness, for it removes all contrasting things.
Snow may be called loud, but when it falls upon
the earth, and the things that cover the earth, all
antagonisms are drowned to view. Green might
be called loud — it is certainly strong — but its high
tone is lost in its presence everywhere. 1

Rochester, N. Y. i

LOBELIA CARDINALIS.

BY W. F. BASSETT.

This is one of the most showy plants we grow,
and we find it very easy to handle. When one
has a wet corner to plant in, it will require no
care except planting ; but we take either the
small offsets that grow at the base ot flowering
plants or sow seed as soon as ripe in summer and
pot in very small pots and keep in the shade, tak-
ing care not to let them suffer for want of water.
These can be wintered under the benches by be-
ing plunged in the ground and carefully covered
with brush or coarse mulch. In spring, after
they get well started, we transfer to 5-inch pots
and place on the north side of a building, and al-
ways keep thoroughly watered. It is surprising
to see what a large plant will be produced from a
little offset in this way, and one will be in bloom
several weeks. Hammonton, N. J.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

and it has recently been christened "the Chinese
Guelder Rose."

Guelder Rose, we are informed is from its " Rose-
like balls, " and it was originally introduced into
England from Gueldres, in France. It was a
brilliant fancy that saw much like roses in a
bunch of Snowballs.

Evergreen Hedges for the South. — While
Northern gardens pride themselves on the beau-
tiful hedges made by the Hemlock Spruce, or
Arbor VitiB, Southern gardens revel in beauty by
the wealth of broad-leaved evergreens which they
can use for the purpose. Imagine a hedge of
Cape Jasmine with its fragrant blossoms, or of the
beautiful shining green leaved, Japan Euonymus.
Then the Chinese privet makes one of the grandest
of hedges. Some people use the Chinese tea plant
for hedges, and tind it does admirably. Thev may
use the clippings to keep down the grocer's bill, for
anything we know. The tree box is often used,
and we believe a number of other things. There
is nothing adds so much to the interest of a garden
as well kept hedges in appropriate places, and the
South is to be envied for the great choice it can
have among so much pleasing variety.

The Beauty of Oaks. — It is conceded that on
a variety of points being considered no class of
tree has so many good ones as the oak. They are
growing in favor with ornamental planters. So
far the English Royal oak has had the palm for
beauty of acorn, at least the peduncled or stalked
form of acorn, for there is one that has no stalk to
the acorn. But we think the American Chestnut
oak, Quercus Prinus, is quite as interesting in this
respect. It is in many respects a beautiful oak'
and planters are fond of it.

The Japan Snowball. — The misfortune of
common names is, as we have often suggested, that
no one feels bound to adopt a name already com-
mon to a plant, but feels privileged to give it
another name or as many names as he likes. In
this country the great merits of the Viburnum
plicatum as an ornamental plant have been some
time known, and it is being planted everywhere as
the Japan Snowball. In England they are only just
beginning to appreciate its great merits, and getting
"to run" on it. They think it time it went by a
common name. One would think that a name
already adopted by millions of people speaking
their own tongue, would be "common" enough in
all conscience, and that Japan Snowball would be
good enough under the circumstances. Hut we
see that it is to have a wholly new common name,

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Red-flowered Elder A correspondent

notes that a friend riding about Crystal Springs,
Yates Co., N. Y , noticed Elder flowers quite pink.
The red-berry Elder sometimes has flowers shaded
with pink, and it may be some would come very
dark. It would be worth while for some one
living in the vicinity to select and cultivate the
darkest cases.

Hardiness of Alstrchmeria. — "M. M.," St.
Paul, Minn., asks : "Will you kindly give me in-
formation in the next number of the (Iarueners'
Monthly as to whether AlstrcEmeria Errembaultii
and Fritillaria pnccox alba arc hardy here? They

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

327

are so catalogued by a Holland firm. Any infor-
mation in regard to their culture, time of planting,
&c., will be gratefully appreciated."

[The Alstrcemerias are not very hardy. The
Fritillaria is regarded by some as but a white va-
riety of the common F. nieleagris of Europe.
Though somewliat hardy, we should not consider
it safe to regard them as hardy in Minneapolis. —
Ed. G. M.]

Callicarpa Americana. — " \V. F. H.," Hunts-
ville, Ala., writes: " I take the liberty of sending
the fruit and leaves of a very showy plant common
here on the hillsides and open places in the for-
ests ; but mostly confined to the mountain and
hillsides, I believe. It grows to the height of from

3 to 5 feet, of bush form, with open head. It
stands here perfectly hardy when the thermometer
sometimes shows 10° below zero. I wonder not
to have seen it introduced North. I will be glad
to know its name."

[The Editor has gathered this abundantly along
the line of the Black River in Mississippi, which
shows that it is as common in low as in high land.
The pinky-purple berries are very attractive ; but
a similar one from Japan — Callicarpa purpurea —
common in Northern gardens, seems hardier, and
has a prettier habit of growth. This is the plant
originally named Johnsonia, in honor of the editor
of the third edition of " Gerard's Herbal." — Ed.
G. M.]

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

The recent sale of the late Mrs. Morgan's Or-
chids has been the theme of so many articles in
the daily papers, that people who do not even
know that such a magazine as the Gardeners'
Monthly is in existence, have been brought to
inquire about them. This collection was estimated
to be worth S2oo,ooo, and brought at the sale
about ?45,ooo. Considering how comparatively
few people know of their worth and beauty in our
country, even this figure is very good, though it
must be said that most of the best bargains, Vanda
Sanderiana for $750, for instance, were bought by
English people to send back again to England
from whence they originally came. It takes a
lifetime to grow a large specimen, or a small for-
tune to send to the tropics to search for and suc-
cessfully get a large specimen ; and aside from
the unique beauty and fragrance of an orchid,
they have an intrinsic money value wholly inde-
pendent of mere " fancy " in the price. The pub-
licity given to the sale will however undoubtedly
lead to a greatly increased culture of these beau-
tiful plants.

There has been a great deal said about steam
heating in our columns of late. It might seem, on
the first thought, that this was only of interest to
commercial florists who desire to erect houses on
a large scale. But it was our conviction that in-
directly the matter was of interest to all who loved

winter flowers ; whether in rooms or small green-
houses. Many large dwellings are now heated by
steam, and where this is the case, a branch to the
small conservatory or plant window solves the
whole difficulty about heating these cosy little
places. Besides, many people now prefer to buy
cut flowers rather than grow them themselves, and
hence if the perfection of steam heating will re-
duce the cost of raising flowers it becomes a ques-
tion of interest to everybody.

There will still be many who want windows and
small plant houses heated for plants, who have no
chance to do it by steam. These will yet have to
depend on the ordinary cellar heaters ; or, if these
cannot be had, wood stoves or other contrivances.
As a rule, coal oil stoves are the best. Shutters,
outside or inside, which keep in the heat, are often
as valuable as inside methods of supplying heat
which is lost.

Again, it is wise to attempt to grow in these
places only such plants as require little heat. The
old camellia and azalea are still among the best
for small greenhouses.

Greenhouses attached to dwellings were former-
ly called conservatories. They were used simply
to keep plants in bloom, not to grow them. After
blooming they were sent back to the greenhouse,
or to the florist where they came from. But of
late years small greenhouses attached to dwellings
are called conservatories, whether the plants are
grown as well as flowered or not.

328

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

Pot culture, whether in rooms or greenhouses,
depends, in a great measure, for its success, on how
to water properly. Everything is simple after that.
Now, the oftcncr plants want water, the healthier
they will be ; but to give them water when they
do not need it is " awfully " bad practice. The
" drainage " — that is to say, the material over the
hole at the bottom of the pot — is in order to help
carry water rapidly away. It seldom hurts a plant
to give it a great deal of water, provided it runs
rapidly through the pot, and away through the
hole at the bottom. Therefore if you give a plant
water in some quantity and it does not run through
rapidly, be assured there is something wrong with
the drainage. We must always watch very care-
fully when the plant is dry, before watering it.
But the best plan is to turn the pot up-side-down,
and knock the edge against a post, letting the ball
fall into the left hand, e.\amine the bottom of the
ball and take away whatever may obstruct the
water's passage, and then return to the same pot.
We should like to repeat, so that it may be always
present in the mind of the novice in pot culture,
that it is almost impossible to give a plant too
much water, when the water passes away rapidly
through the soil and through the hole in the bot-
tom of the pot. Of course our philosophical
readers, who have followed the articles in the
Gardeners' Monthly, especially its Natural
History Department, know the reason for this;
but in this column the idea is to give only practi-
cal directions, and to leave reasons alone.

near perfect as can be, working nicely at two and
three pounds pressure. But we do burn coal,
when we want heat, always.

We consider steam a success with us, though we
pay 54.50 per gross ton delivered for large broken
hard coal, and it has cost us over $400 for coal the
winter just past, to heat about the same space, that
in Ohio would cost only $go — quite a contrast! I
think there is something wrong somewhere.

iVil/tamsport, Pa.

COMMUNICATIONS.

STEAM HEATING A SUCCESS.
BY HARRY CHAAPEL.

In reading the article with the above heading in
September issue, by N. B. Stover, I was much
surprised at the statement that the cost of heating
over 12,000 square feet of glass, a work-shop, and
a dwelling house of 13 rooms, the past winter was
only S90. Would it not be more to the point, for
Mr. Stover to give us the cost of fuel per ton at
Youngstown, Ohio?

In contrast to Mr. Stover's statement, I will say,
that I have about the same space to heat, i. e.,
about 12,000 square feet of glass, a packing house
16x40, a dwelling of eight rooms, and my office,
using about 6,000 feet of 1(4 -inch pipe. 1 am
using the "Exeter" Boiler No. 2, 32 sections, in-
cluding the "Exeter" manifold valves, automatic
dampers, etc. The system of piping seems as

PENTAS CARNEA.
Hy CHARLES E. PARNELL.

The flesh colored Pentas, P. carnea, is a very
handsome and free flowering stove or warm
greenhouse plant, belonging to the Natural Order
Cinchonacese. It is the only species known, and
is a native of the south of Africa, from whence it
was introduced in 1842. It is a half shrubby plant
of robust symmetrical habit of growth, and can
with a little care and attention be so grown as to
form an excellent exhibition plant, and it is espe-
cially valuable for the length of time in which the
flowers are produced. Although it requires a
light sunny situation and a winter temperature of
from 55" to 60° to enable it to bloom, it will live
in a much lower temperature if care be taken as
to watering, and young plants struck early in
spring, and planted out in a well-enriched deep
border, will flower during the entire summer.

The blossoms are produced in corymbose
cymes or clusters and stand erect, displaying
their lovely soft flesh-colored flowers. When the
flowers are at first developed they are very pale,
but gradually acquire color by exposure. Like
most soft-wooded plants of vigorous growth, the
P. carnea requires a generous treatment, and
at all times it should be given an abundance of
room for its roots. It prefers a compost
of two-thirds of well-rotted sods, and one-third
well decomposed stable manure. If large speci-
mens are desired, the plants should be repotted as
often as is necessary, until they attain the desired
size, when they should be given liquid manure
water at least once a week.

Where it can be given a light sunny situation,
and a winter temperature of from 55 to 60°, it will
be found to be an excellent winter blooming plant
for either the greenhouse or window garden. If
wanted for this purpose, it is advisable to prepare
the plants during the summer, by gradually
shifting into larger sized pots, until the plants at-
tain the desired size ; by training carefully so as to

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

329

obtain handsome specimens, and by removing all
flower buds the very instant they are noticed, so
as to prevent the plants froin exhausting them-
selves by excessive flowering. Ordinary care
will be sufficient to keep the plant free from all in-
sect pests, and propagation is easily effected by
cuttings of the half-ripened wood, which will root
in about ten days ; then they should be potted off
and encouraged to grow. The plants often flower
when quite small, and it does not appear to weaken
or injure them in the least.

The generic name is derived from " penti,"
five, in reference to the number of petals and
stamens, Rubiaceous plants usually having but
four, and the specific in allusion to the color of the
flowers. Queens, N. Y.

color. It has been very highly spoken of in the
London horticultural journals. It was exhibited
at most of the prominent rose shows during the
past season, and came off with flying colors every
time. Chestnut Hill ( IVyndmoor), Phila.

NEW ROSES.

BY EDWIN LONSDALE.

Mr. John N. May, Summit, N. J., is the fortu-
nate possessor of a new rose, which is destined to
make its mark — a white one — in the near future in
this flower-loving world. This candidate for pub-
lic favor is a sport from the well-known Catherine
Mermet, than which there is no better shaped
flower amongst the whole list of roses, and its off-
spring is like it in every respect, excepting in
color, which is pure white.

Strange as it may appear, this rose originated in
two different establishments at about the same
time; viz., Mr. Taplin's, Maywood, N. J., and Mr.
De Forrest's, Summit, in the same State. Mr.
May wisely secured all the plants from both the
proprietors of the places where it, or they, origin-
ated. It is understood that the stock of both will
be kept separate and thoroughly tested, to ascer-
tain if there is any difference between them.
Some persons may think that this procedure is not
necessary; but when we consider that Mabel Mor-
rison, Merveille de Lyon and White Baroness all
originated as sports from Baroness Rothschild,
and as it will not involve much trouble to keep
them separate, even if they should eventually
prove to be identical, it will be infinitely more
satisfactory to know that there is no essential vari-
ation between them. It has not yet been decided
when this rare novelty will be distributed.

Mr. C. F. Evans has secured two more of Mr.
Henry Bennett's celebrated roses, one of which is
pure white, a Hybrid Tea in character. It is the
result of a cross between Mabel Morrison and
Devoniensis. The other is a Hybrid Perpetual —
Mrs. John Laing — a beautiful shade of pink in

DENDROBIUM DEARII.
BY EDWARD NORMAN.

I would like to say a few words in praise of
Dendrobium Dearii, which I think ought to be in
every collection of Orchids ; for with about half a
dozen plants you can always have some of those
frosted white blooms to look at. With us they do
not seem to have any special blooming season, but
keep on pushing up spike after spike, either from
the old or young growth. Of course, it is not such
a fine flower as D. eburneum giganteum, which is
now in bloom here ; but where Eburneum lasts one
month, Dearii will keep in bloom three. We had
two spikes opened May 20th, and now as fresh
as can be. We have a good spike just now open
with eighteen flowers on it, which is about the best
we have ever had. They are grown in the Cattleya
house. I think that is the best house to grow them
in, for they are pushing up some fine growths
which promise to be as good as those made in
their native woods.

The plant that has the eighteen blooms was im-
ported only this spring. Lee, Mass.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Sea O.nion. — This is the common name of
a singular plant often found in old greenhouses
and windows, and which the hardest treatment
will not kill. The bulb is of a greenish tint, above
ground, and shines like glass. The flowers are
in a long greenish white spike, and peculiar for
the long bracts under each family. It belongs to
the " Star of Bethlehem " family, and is known
botanically as Ornithogalum longebracteatum, or
long-bracted, from the peculiarity above noted.

The Palm House at Glasnevin, near Dub-
Li.N. — M. Joly, in the proceedings of the Central
Horticultural Society of France, gives an inter-
esting account, with illustrations, of a recent visit
to this grand horticultural structure. It is 73 feet
high, sufficient to grow to perfection most of the
Palms under cultivation, and is no feet long by
90 feet wide. It was built by Boyd & Co , of
Glasgow in Scotland, famous in connection with
the building of gigantic hot-houses. It cost

330

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

522,500, and was commenced in March, and com- serrulata and others, produce seed or spores freely,
pleted in September of the same year — 1884. 1 and only need a suitable seed-bed to give a con-

Amaryllis.

Seedling Ferns. — Many of the most useful tinuous supply of healthy young seedling plants;
decorative ferns, such as the Adiantums or Mai- but I find that amateurs' glasshouses are, in many
denhair section, and the equally useful Pteris I cases, kept far too dry for such moisture-loving

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

33'

plants as ferns to exist in during the tender seed-
ling state, when a very short period of actual
drought suffices to cause them to perish. One of
the best ways to insure a good supply of seedling
ferns I have yet found is to put a layer of broken
bricks, clinkers, and other rough porous material
under the plant stages, and work some very fine
soil amongst it ; and, if this is kept constantly
moist by syringing, the fertile spores will settle on
it and vegetate in great quantities, and may be
potted up as required, or used for cutting from,
some of the strong growing ferns, such as Pteris
tremula, being especially useful for cutting.-^
Gardening lUttstrated.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Improved A.marvllises (see cut).— So much
has recently been noted by correspondents of our
magazine in regard to the beauty of the Amaryllis,
and the ease with which they were grown, that we
give on opposite page an illustration of one, that
the reader may behold with his own eyes how
lovely they are. This was taken from a sketch

made of one growing in the celebrated Amaryllis
house of Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea, near London.

Loss BY Gas. — Charles Morat, a florist at Louis-
ville, Kentucky, has had all his stock of green-
house plants destroyed by leakage from the city
gas pipes. There is no excuse for leaky pipes,
and a city that permits such severe losses
should be made to settle for damages, just as
much as when a horse gets killed by a bad
road.

Black Aphis. — "J. B.," Allegheny, Pa., writes:
" I mail specimens of insects which have caused
much trouble and considerable loss. I have used
tobacco in powder and as a fumigant ; also used
whale oil soap, insect powder, carbolic acid solu-
tion, but found none effective. Smilax has been
only crop injured. Was annoyed in same way
last season. Can you suggest a remedy ?"

[This appears to be only the large black Aphis,
so troublesome to the Chrysanthemum grower
especially. As it is one of the suctorial tribe, the
usual beetle poisons are useless, but it ought to
succumb to frequent fumigating with tobacco
smoke. — Ed. G. M.]

iRjjiT AND Vegetable Gardening

^''G.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Among the numerous varieties of new fruits
continually coming into market, it must puzzle the
novice which to select. The raiser of novelties —
as in the case of a grape introducer — whose
card is before us, tells us that he had his new
"seedling" alongside of the Concord, Salem,
Hartford, and a dozen others, which all rotted
and blighted, and " fizzled out " generally, while
his glorious " Pride of Grapedom proved all that
could be desirable in a first-class grape." We
have a friend who is fond of growing numerous
grapes. He has thirty kinds in full bearing and
more coming on. His opinion is that : "So far as
doing well is concerned, I do not find that one
does much better than another, except perhaps the
Delaware and the Catawba. These do not al-
ways ripen very well. That is to say, some green
or immature fruit will always be found among the

mature ones. They all do well. My plan is to
plant in dry ground ; that is, ground in which the
water will surely run away rapidly. I like hard,
solid ground. By digging about the vines some
roots get cut, and these get fungus and molds on
the bruised parts, and this communicates to
the whole mass. And deleterious insects get into
soft ground much easier than when the ground is
solid and firm. I keep weeds and grass from
getting much headway by piling coal ashes
under the plants, and I give the vines as much
rich food as I can spare. They do not care how
much you give them. This is all my secret."
This is the experience of a successful amateur.
He does not grow for market, but for pleasure.
To some extent such a mode of culture could not
be applied on a large scale. But it goes to show
that when "every kind rots," and so forth, it is
to the cultivator and the cultivation, and not the
variety, that we may often place the blame.

332

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

There is, however, always pleasure in watching
the progress of some new variety, and in testing
the improvements supposed to be made ; and
while relying mainly on well-known and well-tes-
ted varieties for one's main crop, a judicious ex-
perimenting with new kinds will be found to be a
source of great pleasure.

In looking at what is now considered as sound
practice, and back on the advice we used to give
when such advice was heresy, we often congratu-
late ourselves on the success of our teachings;
though few seem to remember to whom they are
indebted for what has been taught. Take, for
instance, the shading of fruit in order to get
them to perfection. When the Gardeners'
Monthly was first issued, the general belief was
that it required " sun and air " to ripen fruits well,
and the books teemed with directions to pull off
leaves, thin out branches, and tie up shoots, and
expose the fruit if we would have the best success.
We showed that the initial stages of maturity was
a vital, and not a purely chemical process; and
that this was better secured by shade than by
exposure. It was not good doctrine then, but
now the general practice with those who want
to get the very best bunches of grapes is to put
paper bags on them ; and some say that even
tomatoes are far superior when treated in this way.
But it is necessary that leaves should have the
full light, though the fruit may not ; and a few
good, large healthy leaves are preferable to a
good number of small ones. By far too many
branches are lelt on most trees. When the tree is
in leaf, the one branch smothers out the other, and,
remembering what we have already said about the
value of healthy leaves, few leaves arrive at that
perfection necessary to perfect the best fruit.
Therefore, prune out enough of the weaker ones
to give the rest every chance to develop their
leaves to the fullest extent. Also prune so as to
assist the plant to a conical form, as this enables
the light to act better on all parts of the tree
leaves. If trees have been neglected, in pruning
now severely to get them to this shape, the result
will be to make them throw out shoots still more
vigorously from near the parts cut away. When
these shoots appear in spring, pull them out while
young with the finger and thumb. The current
of sap will then flow strongly into the shoots left,
and the ratio of growth will, in the end, be nearly
equal through all the branches. The flow of sap
through a tree is nearly like that of water through
an uneven country. A very little obstruction will
turn the course ; but that, once started, soon be-

comes as great a stream in the new as in the old
channel.

.•\pplc trees have a habit, when old, of pushing
out sappy shoots along tlie main branches. These
should be cut away, in addition to a similar thin-
ning, as recommended for the pear.

Dwarf apples and dwarf pears should be ex-
amined now to see what the borer is doing for
them. This is the time when they do the most
destruction, as they are boring down into the stems
for winter protection. A cut with a jack-knife up
and down the stems, so as to avoid girdling as
much as possible, is the most certain destruction.
Then, if in spring, before the parent insects begin
to work, oiled paper, or rather tarred paper, be put
about the stem near the ground they can be kept
out. It is strange that with so little time as borer
hunting takes, so many thousand trees should be
allowed to die from their attacks every year.

Above all, for both apple and pear orchards, we
bespeak a liberal dressing — a top dressing of some-
thing or another. If no manure is to be had, even
common road sand will be found to have a bene-
ficial influence.

Poverty of the surface soil is oftener a cause of
fruit failure than " grass" " change of climate," or
many imaginable ills, brought up from some
ghostly cavern of thought, to cover up the poverty
of pocket or of industrial inclinations.

Strawberries are much better when protected
through the winter, no matter how " hardy " they
may be. Very coarse, str,\wy manure is the best
material, which can be raked off in early spring.
A few inches is sufficient, just enough to keep
the sun off when frozen, which all our readers
know, by this time, is the chief cause of loss by
frost.

COMMUNICATIONS.

A TALK ABOUT MUSHROOMS.

BY PKOF. J. T. ROTHROCK.

The third lecture of the autumn series Dr. Roth-
rock delivered in Horticultural Hall, Fairmount
Park, recently. It was by special request that the
subject. Mushrooms and Toadstools, was taken up.

The lecturer said he had: "Nothing to add to
what the daily papers had recently published.
The /.<v/if('r especially had given much exact and
valuable matter concerning this group of plants.
He hoped simply by calling attention to some
illustrations, to give a few more people a more
clear notion as to the appearances of some very
good and some very bad plants among these

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

333

fungi. It was exactly a case of ' line upon line '
on a most important subject.

" Some men could eat no species ol fuiiguj with-
out sickness, but as there i^ hardly any one article
of food which suited all people equally well, this
fact should not lead to mushrooms, — which most
persons can eat, — being denounced. On the other
hand, by proper preparation many fungi which
are usually poisonous can be made edible. Men
generally regard toadstools as simply poisonous
mushrooms. The above facts, however, show that
as one man's food may be another's poison, such
a distinction between mushrooms and toadstools
cannot stand. It were well if it could be dropped
entirely.

"People imagine that as there is no sign by which
we may always recognize a poisonous fungus, they
are, therefore, more difficult to detect than poison-
ous flowering plants. The fact is, that in each case
there are certain distinguishing marks belonging
to each species, and knowing these, one may
readily determine whether or not the plant is
poisonous. You must learn to recognize some
edible fungi as certainly as you recognize apples
or peaches, and you can do it just as easily.

" Two mushrooms with gills were then drawn on
the board. One was the Agaricus campestris (the
common edible mushroom); and the other was the |
Agaricus (or Amanita) vernus, vidiich has a recent
sad interest in connection with the poisoning of a ■
family at Shenandoah, in this State.

"The first, Agaricus campestris, grows in pas-
tures, lawns, lanes, but not in the woods. In its
best (and safe condition) its e-xpanded cap is white,
and a little downy above, and the gills beneath
are pink or purple, but not white. The stem is
nearly solid; does not rise out of a cup (volva) at
the base, and has a ring about it in the upper half.
These characters will not lead one into danger.

"The poison, Amanita (Agaricus vernus), has
white gills, is white, yellow, bright or pale red
above, and at first has a conspicuously marked
ring around the stem ; and the stem rises out of a
cup (volva) at its base. Keep clear of all such
lungi, whether poisonous or not. Unless they are
certainly known to you, let them alone. That is
safe advice to act upon.

" Puffballs were ne.xt alluded to. These are
usually white, roundish or oblong, and vary in
size from an inch in diameter to over a foot, or, in
extreme instances, to a yard in diameter. At first
they are, inside, solid, white and edible ; then
yellowish, spongy and suspicious ; lastly, black,
powdery, and unfit to eat. There are many dif-
ferent kinds with us, but before they turn yellow
all are safe as food. They may grow on stumps,
on sandy soils or on grassy banks, especially after
a drenching rain in the latter part of summer.
Cook them as you would an egg-plant.

"The next group spoken of was that known as
Boletus. Its characteristic is the pores on the
under side of the cap. Split this cap and the
pores are seen to be the entrances of a mass of
closely compacted tubes, which lie straight and
parallel, and are open below. There are a num-
ber of species of Boletus. All are said to be edi-

ble. It may be so ; but the lecturer only advised
general use of one — Boletus edulis — because, first,
it was known to be safe ; because, secondly, it
was not rare ; and lastly, because it was easily re-
cognized. Picture to yourself a fungus from three
to six inches high, with a stout stem, which is
somewhat swollen below, the cap thick, chestnut-
colored above, and mouths of the tubes below
yellow or yellowish green. Whatever others may
say, unless you are sure of the species, eat no
Boletus with red or reddish tubes.

" The lecturer gave, he said, but a few out of the
many which he might have named. What advice
he gave, however, was safe.

"There was a point he insisted upon — that, as
fungi, which were edible and delicious and nutri-
tious, were probably more abundant here than in
Europe, where they were an important article of
food, it was in the interest of the community that
every one should know them. Every public
school in this State should have, where every child
could see them, plaster models, life size and color,
of the edible and the poisonous species. This
idea could easily be realized and would involve
almost no expense, whilst its practical benefits
would be larger than we can at present conceive
of. Even the Chinese government prints and
distributes broadcast over the land what is known
as the Anti-Famine Herbal, a book describing
nearly 500 species of plants, which, in times of
scarcity, may be utilized as food. Are we still to
remain in this respec'; below these, whom we con-
sider barbarians ?"

[The above excellent synopsis of one of the
Michaux Lectures in Fairmount Park was made
for the Public Ledger of Philadelphia.

We may add that to those who desire further
knowledge, the colored plates of Edible and Poison-
ous Mushrooms recently issued by Messrs. Prang
& Co., will be very seasonable. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Ridiculous Names for Fruits Col. Wilder's

efforts to reform the names of fruits — and of course
flowers — are meeting with singular success. We
cannot wholly control by rules an introducer's
right to give a name to his fruit ; but we can- so
control public opinion that the mere fact that a
silly name has been given to a fruit will operate
I against its popularity. It will at once be evident
that the fruit has been introduced by an ignoramus
who does not know whether his production is of
any value or not. No intelligent pomologist will
deal in such trashy names.

Identical Fruits. — It would be next to im-
possible if among the thousands of seedling plants
that annually appear, some one or another did
not appear like unto some former one. Many of

334

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

us older fellows cannot see a particle of difference
between some of the new Raspberry, Strawberry,
and other fruits of the day, and those of a half
century back, which were born and have died
long ago. Mr. Hovey is quite fruitful in these
recollections. He has shown how great is the
resemblance of the Manchester Strawberry to the
old Hovey ; the Keiffer Pear to the Shah-Lea, and
he now points to the resemblance of the Lawson
or Comet Pear to the French Bellissima d'Ete.

The Globe Peach. — Mr. Shearer, of Tuckerton,
Pa., sends us a box of peaches which he has
raised and named the "Globe." It is a very pretty
peach ripening with and somewhat of the style of
Crawford's Late. It is about the size, but rather
longer in outline, and with firmer flesh ; the color
of the skin, light yellow with dark red next the
sun, is about the same as in that well-known and
popular variety.

The flavor is quite equal to Crawford's Late, which
is saying a good deal in favor of the new variety.

Section of the Ulobe Peach.
The exact merit of a peach cannot be stated on
the fruit alone. The exact time of ripening, in
competition with other well-known kinds, is of
great moment ; a few days before or after giving
value, where simultaneity would give none — then
its comparative productiveness and regularity is a
great item, as is also its adaptation to certain soils.
As this is considerably far north to raise a peach
of this fine size and good flavor, we are inclined to
think highly of it, and give the enclosed outline,
as some guide to its appearance. The fruit
measured 8^( inches in circumference and weighed

6'^ oz. We suppose it may be much later than
Crawford.

Root fungus and Yellows. — The I^ann and
Garden says : " We would ask the Gardeners'
Monthly, if its root-fungus theory be true, how it
is, that if the tops of so many peach trees that have
the yellows, are cut away two feet or so from the
trunk, that a new and healthy top will form ? We
would also ask why, in the case of the yellows, a
healthy shoot will grow from the body of the tree
if the roots are diseased. The fact is well known,
that if the roots of a tree are diseased, the entire
tree suffers at once, and its vitality is destroyed,
and pruning hastens the decay."

We never knew of a case of genuine yellows in
which the whole tree was not more or less affected.

Plum Culture. — How strikingly the modern
triumph over the one time irresistible curculio is
illustrated, anyone can see by the fruit stands and
fruit stores which exhibit plums in profusion
everywhere. Scarcely ten years ago hundreds of
people could not tell a plum from a meteorite.
Ellwanger & Barry were about the only ones
who kept people in mind that there was such a
fruit, by exhibiting a few at horticultural shows.
k pleasant reminder of how popular a fruit it has
become, is now before us in the shape of a basket
of Reine Claudes from Mr. Willard, of Geneva,
N. Y. Only think of a half bushel of plums !

Specimens of Fruits and Plants. — These
often reach us without any indications as to where"
ihey came from. And as there may bemany scores
of letters, it is not always possible to tell to what
package the letters refer. There is no law against
\vriting the name of the sender on the package.

Roesch's Vineyards. — The Fredonia Censor
says that that thisgrape-vine nursery has increased
from a small business in 1875 to 13 acres of young
plants last spring ; a large number of varieties are
under propagation, and great precautions taken
to keep each variety true to name.

The Jerusalem Artichoke. — It is found that
the roots of Jerusalem artichoke yield 8 per cent,
of alcohol, and, as it does well in comparatively
poor soil, it is extensively grown for this purpose.
Around Antwerp no less than 3500 acres are under
this plant this season.

The Pea Beetle in the Last Century.— By
a note in the Proceedings of the American Philo-
sophical Society of March 3, 1769, we find that
the pea weevil was as great a pest at that time as
it is to-day.

1885-]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

335

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Newtown Pippin Apple. — A Rochester corres-
pondent says : •' L. T. Sanders, Collinsburg,
Louisiana, requested me to mail you an apple,
which I have done to-day ; no doubt he has writ-
ten you about it."

[We have not heard from the party referred to.
We see no difference between it and the green
Newtown Pippin as grown North, except that it
was earlier. It was in excellent eating condition
October ist. Supposing it to have been grown in
Louisiana, we should call it an excellent specimen,
though the little fungus that gives it the black
dotted appearance, indicates that here, as else-
where, the tree is not thoroughly healthy. Only
for this disposition to unhealthiness the Newtown
Pippin would be king of apples. — Ed. G. M.]

Since the above was written a letter from Mr.
L. T. Sanders, Collinsburg, Louisiana, who calls
it the " Yellow Forest apple," and says it was
found growing in the woods by Captain Winston,
and by him transplanted to his orchard, and is
now about fifteen years old. It is possible there
may be some difference from the Newtown Pippin
that we do not recognize in the single specimen
before us.

Eaton Grape. — A new grape by the Moores
generally means a good improvement, and this is
no exception. The bunch weighed 14^ oz., and
the black berries are large. It has a rather tart
flavor which is more acceptable to some palates
when properly developed than the honeyed flavor
of the other class. This property varies with
location, generally improving on a Southward
march. The leaf is very large also, the blade
being 12x9 inches. It is said to be a trifle earlier
than Concord. It was raised by Calvin Eaton, of
Concord, N. H.

Fire Blight in the Pear. — A Rahway, New
Jersey, correspondent says : " Pear blight is fear-
ful this summer — Bartlett, Seckel, D'Anjou, here-
tofore free, are now suffering."

[This is particularly interesting as the Seckel is
usually found less susceptible to the fungus influ-
ence than others. — Ed. G. M.]

Ulster Prolific Grape — Messrs. A. J. Cay-
wood & Son send us bunches of this. It is a red
grape, berries about the size of the old Catawba,
but the bunches are small, taking eight to weigh
one pound. The skin is rather thick, but the
flavor delicious. In this last respect we hardly
know how any thing can excel it. The double

name is a misfortune, as we suppose Ulster is all
it will get from the people.

Hautbois Strawberry — Mr. Geo. W. Dobbin,
St. Denis, P.O., Bait, co., Md., cannot find this
old fruit in any catalogue. If any one has them
for sale he can communicate with the gentleman.

Grapes from Green Wood Cuttings.— A
Canadian correspondent says : " Being interested
in grape growing the question has come up, are
vines grown from green wood cuttings in all res-
pects as good as when grown from ripened wood ?"

[Years ago when the public first became aware
of the great march taken in the progress of im-
provement in grapes, the demand was enormous,
and propagating from green wood resorted to in
order to meet the great demand. In a few years
disease and disaster followed, and it became clear
that the vital power of vines so raised was not
equal to that raised from matured wood. The
practice was abandoned, and since then but very
little difference has been found in the supposed
hardiness of one kind more than another. Florists
are now learning the same lesson over again in the
case of the verbena and carnation. They are
coming to the conclusion that the susceptibility of
these plants in modern times, to various diseases
they were exempt from years ago, comes from
weakened vital power through continuous propa-
gation from immature or green wood. All the
facts tend to confirm this view, and though we do
not suppose there would be any great injury re-
sult from one generation of grape propagation
from green wood, it is dangerous to follow it
through several. — Ed. G. M.]

Dotted and Russetted Apples. — " M. R.,"
Honesdale, Pa. : " To what extent are the small
black dots and occasional russet characteristic of
any one variety of apple ?"

[If we understand correctly what our cor-
respondent means by small black dots, these
have no necessary connection with the fruit.
They are fungus parasites, though, as in the
case of the cracks in the white Doyenne or
Butter pear, they seem to have an affection for
some varieties more than others. The nature of
russet is not clearly understood. It is immedi-
ately caused by the rupture and destruction of the
external cuticle, and may be produced artificially.
But what causes this destruction in a general way,
especially so as to give a character to a variety, is
not known. Its true nature will probably be as-
certained when some one makes the production
I of cork a study. This comes from the develop-

336

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

ment of what are known to botanists as suber or
cork cells. It is this development which destroys
the bark of trees, and causes what we know as
■' rough bark." It is not the mere cracking by
growth, as the development of these cork cells
which gives the rifts to trees. Something of
this growth we believe to be connected with the
production of russet in fruits, but some one should
take in hand the demonstration of the fact before
this belief is accepted as pure horticultural gospel.
—Ed. G. M.]

Kalamazoo Celery. — We are indebted to
Messrs. Van Hampton & Co. for several stalks of
Kalamazoo celery. It was received on the 25th
of September, so we suppose has not yet finished
its growth. It was trimmed in marketable condi-
tion, and weighed I lb. 8 oz. The eatable length
was about 20 inches. We suppose this is farm, or
as we should say, market garden produce, and for

that is very superior. It is of course not equal to
the produce from a first-class amateur's garden.
The stalks are few, but solid and crisp. Later in
the season it will probably part with its slightly
bitter taste.

Fruit of the Japan Chestnut. — T. Brothers,
Orleans, France, write : " Please say through the
Gardeners' Monthly whether the statement in
an American catalogue that the Japan chestnut
will produce seven nuts in one burr is correct?"

[The Editor has but one tree of bearing age.
The fruit does not perfect on this, probably through
some deficiency in pollenization. The largest
specimen under cultivation that we have any
knowledge of is on the grounds of Messrs. Parsons
& Co. This is 18 feet. In this case the burrs have
not been found to yield any more than the com-
mon chestnut, that is, three, but sometimes only
two or one. — Ed. G. M.]

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE CORSICAN PINE FOR TIMBER.
BY ROBERT DOUGLAS.

We have had many inquiries lately for Corsican
pine trees, and one of our patrons has taken us
rather severely to task for not keeping up with the
times, and growing so few kinds. Our experience
with this tree, if published in the Monthly, may
prevent parties from importing the seedlings, as
threatened by the party referred to above. Our
experience is as follows. Between twenty-five and
thirty years ago, the Corsican pine was lauded
very highly in Europe, as growing more rapidly
than the larch, etc. I imported the seeds in large
quantity, and at a large price. It germinated
readily, and grew very rapidly, but the first year
after being exposed to the weather, the foliage
browned early in winter, proving that it was not
suitable for this climate. Hoping that the tree
might stand the climate further south, I offered
them to parties in the southern trade. We sent a
large quantity to a large nursery firm in St. Louis,
selling them at the price of Scotch pine. They
browned there nearly as badly as with us, so we
destroyed our whole stock of them. Again, about
seven or eight years ago, Mr. Jos. S. Fay, owner

of the large plantation on Cape Cod, wrote me
that he had planted the Corsican pine, and it grew
more rapidly than other pines. As we furnish
more pine trees for forest planting in New England
than in the West, we again imported Corsican
pine seeds for that market. While these seedlings
were making their first year's growth, I was down
on Cape Cod, examining Pitch pine plantations of
twenty to thirty years growth, and went to Mr.
Fay's to examine the Corsican pines. He told me
that he had been sadly disappointed in them. We
went and examined them, and they were as com-
plete a failure as in Northern Illinois and St.
Louis. And it was a surprise to me to learn from
your August number, that the foliage would stand
at Philadelphia, but many trees stand at Philadel-
phia that fail 3° further south, when away from
the seashore.

I am even more surprised reading in the
Monthly the dimensions of this tree at thirty-six
years of age, where it has had room to develop in
rich garden ground, and where the climate must
be adapted to its growth, or it could not have pre-
served its lower limbs tiU'thirty-six years old.

Now after all the boasting in Europe about the
rapid growth of this tree, it cannot compare with
our own White pine. True, it will grow faster the
first few years, just as all our native scrub pines —

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

337

so-called — will grow faster than the White ; but at
thirty-five years, or in one-third of that time, the
White pine will outstrip any European pine 1 have
ever had any experience with, and any American,
unless it be P. resinosa, which will hold its growth
with the White pine for nearly or quite twenty
years. And yet we never see the White pine
brought to the front as a rapid growing tree.

I have White pines planted on the banks of my
ravine, poor gravelly soil. The trees were dug
out of the sand dunes on the Lake shore, little
miserable scrubs, about a foot high. They have
been planted thirty-one years, and I can show a
larger girth and greater height than Mr. Buist's
thirty-five-year-old tree ; but this is not a fair test.
Mr. A. R. Whitney, of Franklin Grove, Lee Co.,
Illinois, eighty-five miles west of Chicago, dug
some White pine trees out of a sandy barren in
the neighborhood in 1859, that were about a foot
in height. He planted them in the sod where
they have not since been cultivated. I have seen
these trees nearly every year since they were
planted, but never noticed that they were doing
any belter than other White pines.

Last winter Mr. Whitney was taken sick. I
went out in January to see him. The snow was
over two feet deep under these trees. I girthed
them at what I supposed to be three feet above
ground. These trees had then made twenty-six
years growth since planted, hence were nine years
younger than Mr. Buist's Corsican pine. One
girthed 5 feet 5 inches, one 5 feet 11 inches, and
one 4 feet 11 inches. And yet we never hear a
word about the rapid growth of the White pine,
while we know that if any such showing could be
made for a foreign tree, adapted to nearly all
kinds of soil, so free from disease, and the lumber
of such value when grown, our eyes would be
blurred reading its praises in every horticultural
paper, and our ears would be dinned listening to
essays and harangues in every forestry convention
in the country.

I would have measured another group of White
pines, planted by Mr. Whitney's father in 1851,
but the snow was so deep, and the thermometer
26° below zero, my fingers declined to serve.

IVaukeg-an, III.

[In conversation recently with a highly intelli-
gent European forester the subject of the Cor-
sican pine was introduced. His views were
just about the same as Mr. Douglas'. " Rapid
growing enough when young, but does not make
timber of any size, and is not what we want." —
Ed. G. M.]

A FINE SPECIMEN OF AMELANCHIER
CANADENSIS.

BY DR. GORDON W. RUSSELL.

Emerson says, " There are two remarkable
varieties of this species found in Massachusetts.
Both are called Shad-bush, from flowering when
the shad begin to ascend the streams." One of
these, A. ovalis, is usually found in low and
marshy grounds, and usually rises from four to
ten feet in height. The other, A. botryapium, or
June Berry, usually grows in upland woods; "is
a small, graceful tree, from fifteen to twenty-five
sometimes thirty, and even forty feet high ;" and
the above authority states that " a tree of this spe-
cies standing near the comb factory in Chester
(Mass.), measured five feet seven inches in cir-
cumference, at five feet from the ground."

A still more remarkable specimen, which was
brought to my attention by Dr. Davis, of this city,
has been found in Glastonbury. It is in an open
field on the road to Buckingham, about forty rods
east of the main street, on the land of Isaac House.
It is composed of two trunks, hardly united, I
think, but growing closely together for the height
of six feet from the ground. These may spring
from two separate and distinct sets of roots, but
probably from one. On the south side, the sean>„
or line of division, would plainly indicate that
there are two trees ; on the northeast side the line
is equally plain nearly to the ground, where the
separation is ill-defined and not clearly to be
traced; it is especially plain and well marked on,
the southwest side, though not as distinct as on the
opposite side.

At three feet from the ground it is eight feet
eight inches in circumference, the line being
pressed into the depression, and this in the waist,
or narrowest part of the trunk, or trunks. The
long diameter is three feet seven inches. At the
point of separation, five feet from the ground, each
trunk, or branch, is five feet nine inches is circum-
ference, with a diameter of twenty-one inches. It
has a spread of branches of forty-nine feet each
way. It has a well-rounded head, and is gener-
ally healthy, though there are a few dead limbs in
its upper part. When these measurements were
made, May 21, 1883, there were still a few blos-
soms remaining in their last stage. I should judge
it to be from forty to fifty feet in height.

I visited it again on May 15th of this year; it
was then in full bloom, and was a noble sight ;
any one passing it on the road would be struck
with the mass of greenish white flowers with which
it was covered. I could learn but little about it

338

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

in the neighborhood ; though it was considered as I
a rare tree, and that it was time to plant corn
when the blossoms appeared.

I have had no opportunity to examine the leaves
or fruit, both of which are desirable.

Other popular names are June Berry, Wild Pear
tree and Shad-flower.

Michaux says that " in the western country it is
found in the midst of the forest among the oaks,
the walnuts, the maples, etc. Here, also, it
reaches its greatest height, which does not exceed
thirty-five or forty feet, with a diameter of ten or
twelve inches." The fruit is small, roundish, or
pear-shaped, and is said by Torrey to be of "the
size of a large whortleberry, red until fully ripe,
when it becomes rather dark purple, sweet and
palatable." It is much sought after by birds, and
though Michaux found it in the markets at Pitts-
burg, and Dr. Darlington thought it might be
much improved by cultivation, yet it remains
"good fruit for birds," and doubtless that is all.

I am indebted to Dr. G. P. Davis for a fine
photograph of this magnificent tree.

Hartford, Conn.

[The above was originally contributed to a
Hartford paper, but has been sent to us by the
author. We are sure it will be acceptable to the
many lovers of fine trees among our readers. We
believe a portion of a trunk very nearly as large
as this was brought to the attention of the writer
by Dr. Brewer at the American Centennial, which
was also obtained from some place in the East.

In this part of the world the popular name in
most common use is " Indian cherry." In En-
glish gardens it goes as the " Snowy Mespilus."
A dwarf form in the West bears very superior
fruit, well worthy of cultivation, and in Oregon is
a marked variety or closely allied species that the
writer in his " tramps " used to gather and eat by
the handful, under the impression that it was the
best of the wild fruits of that region.— Ed. G. M.]

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Salix fragilis for Tanning.— A subscriber
at Lewistown desires to know how he may get
from Russia a stock of this willow which he has
read of in the Western papers, as being introduced
into that section from Russia for tanning purposes.

We have seen no accounts of any such intro-
duction in the West, nor would there be any oc-
casion for such a direct introduction, for it has
been introduced a hundred years ago, and is in

abundance everywhere. It is the leading willow
in the East grown for basket making, and our
correspondent could no doubt find lots of it along
the Juniata River, near his own home. It ought
to be also very common in the West, for a few
years ago when the willow fence craze went like a
prairie fire over the West, despite the caution of
this magazine, tons of cuttings — carloads on car-
loads—of this and its neighbor, the White willow,
were sent to that region ; and there ought to be
enough plants left Ungering to furnish cheap
cuttings, without investing a small fortune in
sending to Russia for them.

Perhaps there may be such a craze for the Red
willow as our correspondent unknown to us, for,
judging by Russian Mulberry, and Russian other
things which have had a run at high figures in the
West, there is room for little speculations of this sort.

Growth of Trees at Rahway, N. J. — Facts
concerning the growth of trees in America are
much needed for intelligent guidance in our
forestry operations. The following figures are
made by Mr. W. E. Clark, civil engineer, from
trees growing on Mr. Jacob R. Shotwell's property
at Rahway, New Jersey, planted in 1857 :

" Norway Spruce, 47 feet high, 2.2 feet diam-
eter, 38 feet spread of limbs. Silver Maple, 69
feet high, 2.45 feet diameter, 49 feet and 43 feet
spread of limbs. Sugar Maple, 61 feet high, 2.2
feet diameter, 60 feet spread of limbs. Horse
Chestnut, 40.3 feet high, 1.3 feet diameter, 24 feet
spread of limbs."

Changeof Climate. — "M. R.," Honesdale.Pa.:
"In your last you say, ' Now climates must of ne-
cessity change.' Why 'of necessity?' I find no
statement in treatises on the physical relations of
the earth. I am interested very much in this
matter, as I suppose you refer to the destruction
of our forests."

[Forests were not in the Editorial mind. It is
too wide a topic to enter on here; we had no
thought the statement would be disputed. If,
however, our correspondent will remember that
water runs down hill, and that sand, stones, and
earth go down with it, he may understand that
it is only a question of time when an "everlasting"
hill shall be on a level with the ocean. The delta
at the mouth of the Mississippi, is indeed but earth
much of which no doubt once formed the highest
peaks of the Rocky Mountains. Then he will
have to remember that winds, currents, snows,
and other local phenomena in meteorology, depend
on the heights of mountains, and, just as they

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

339

lower, the conditions change. A tall mountain
may be snow-capped all summer ; when it gets
lower it will have no summer snow, and no sum-
mer streams. Local climate must change in con-
sequence. Even the deposits of earth at the
mouth of the Mississippi will change the direction
of the warm current, and this will modify the
climate of the countries the warm water flows

against. A volcanic upheaval in the Atlantic
Ocean would change the Gulf Stream, and in the
short space of a few months, England and itsbright
flowers and green lawns might become another
Iceland. As long as the laws we have briefly
alluded to continue in operation, one is justified in
the statement that climates must "of necessity"
change.— Ed. G. M.]

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

EXTRACTSFROMA BOTANIST'S JOURNAL.

BY M. D.

A picture of a ditch and its surroundings.
Which ditch is close, and parallel with, a bank of
the Erie Canal, in the outskirts of Rochester.
Picture taken on the spot :

From one side to the other of it the Sagittaria
grows, S. variabilis, the upper points of its arrow-
shaped leaves touching an unseen plane as much
eight or ten inches above the water's surface. The
vertical stem, or scape, and straight divergent
branches, tipped with white flowers, of the water
plantain (Alisma Plantago), right before me, are
eye-catching. This is a flower panicle, and must
rise thirty inches above the water, surpassing the
leaves by nearly twenty. Its roots are with those
of the arrow-head in the mud below. Around and
amongst these two, hke mere lines of greenness,
surmounted with an oblong brown head some-
what broader than themselves, I notice the culms
of Eleocharis palustris ; and beyond, still in the
water, bunches of the soft rush, Juncus efifusus,
reach a height of two feet above their fellows.
Two species of duck's-meat float on the water, the
many-rooted Lemna polyrhiza, and the slightly
smaller L. perpusilla.

Sagittaria heterophylla may be here. I do not
see it, but I know it is not far away. Much above
all the preceding, even the Alisma, shoots Typha
latifolia, the species of cat-tail that has the fertile
and infertile parts of its spike closely joined.

A grass, Leersia oryzoides, with leaves and
sheaths excessively harsh, and not yet in flower,
gives a pale green edge to the ditch ; whilst
crowding upon it we see Agrostis alba perhaps,
and higher, the dark bluish-green Poa pratensis,
or Kentucky blue-grass. Here and there, growing

in the ditch's muddy edge, we observe the bugle-
weed — the European species with sharp angled
stems and deeply sinuate leaves. Over the bugle-
weed, and forming a border to the whole, rises
Solidago Canadensis, a great array of it, suggesting
indeed as many human onlookers.

Amongst the golden-rod, and extending still
further back, the wild teasel, Dipsacus sylvestris,
mingles with the rapidly-fading Canada thistle, C.
arvense, the latter's woolly seeds at top, now of-
fering themselves to every passing breeze.

The dry and yellow stems, and closely-appressed
spikes of Festuca elatior, are conspicuous beyond,
with Maruta cotula in flower ; brown dark-and-
dead-panicled Rumex crispus, Aster patens, and
the young basket willow, with its upright branches
and gray-green leaves. Sweet scabious, or Eri-
geron annum, and mayhap E. strigosum, still
flower there, but in faded dress ; also flat-um-
belled Daucus Carota, tall E. Canadense, not
quite in bloom, with the yellow-racemed Meli-
lotus officinalis, the brighter and biennial evening
primrose, and a group of Canada thistles that are
late in showing their handsome purple flower
heads.

There I see a Solidago, apparently right in the
ditch, and as it is in flower should be S. arguta or
S. gigantea. But not to be forgotten, Asclepias
Cornuti, now in fruit, stands before me. If a flower
umbel surmounts its stem, it has lost color and is
limp, for its blooming day is past. Not in sight,
but certainly in the glen yonder, the handsome
umbelled A. incarnata has taken its place. Daisy
fleabane, previously mentioned as sweet scabious,
is here in force to my right, but its stems look
yellow and its flowers are not as bright as they
have been. At my feet I have red clover, young
stools of the wild teasel, bright looking leaf rosettes
of the dandelion, black medick showing its yellow
flowers and ripened fruit at once, flowering ox-eye

340

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

daisies, and fresher looking and lower plants of the
same, which will be the flower bearers of the
season to come. Here too is a pretty group of
wild carrot, and leaning over it, the long arms of
the white melilot.

Many-branched Equisetum arvense humbly
shows itself where a little of the less fertile under-
soil has been turned up, and near by Ambrosia
artemisiafolia is still fiowerless, as is also the ob-
liquely-bending Aster Miser by its side. Big-leaved
burdock, broad-leaved plantain, ripe spiked Phleum
pratense, a young Rubus villosus, self-heal with
heads much lengthened and still exhibiting a trio
of flowers and twice as many lips, complete the cir-
cuit of the green things in and about this still bit
of fresh water. August yth, i88s.

Erigeron Pennsylvanicum is the handsomest of
the fleabanes. It is not near so common in the
vicinity of Rochester — notwithstanding Common
happens to be its popular name — as is sweet
scabious (E. annuum), but would probably corre-
spond in frequency of appearance with E. stri-
gosum. Its rose-colored rays are beautiful. The
rayless-headed horse reed, E. Canadense, is just
flowering, and may be seen on streets and roads,
in fields and odd corners, everywhere.

As E. Pennsylvanicum is not mentioned by
Gray as having noticeable root leaves, but really
has them, and as the root leaves of E. bellidifolium
are given by Gray with shape et cetera, I was at
first, after a hasty analysis, in considerable doubt
to which of these species the plant of this vicinity
belonged. At this date the case is easily deter-
mined, without looking for the basal offsets, as E.
bellidifolium is a May-flowering plant. The width
of the rays, their number, and their color, ought
to be sufficient, in each instance, to identify the
species. I would, however, hardly term the
flower heads of E. Pennsylvanicum, as we find
them here, small, but rather medium sized to large,
and the leaves thick rather than thin. The heads
of all the plants seen by me, bore rays exceeding
those of E. annuum : in fact, were conspicuous for
size as well as their rosy tinting. August loth, 1885.

The arbor vitae overhangs the edge of the rock
platform below the lowest Genesee fall where the
cliff descends beneath it nearly perpendicularly
to the river's edge.

The linden, the ironwood, and a hawthorn
are also there, with cow-clipped branches toward
the flat. One forgets the trees on catching sight
of this venturesome pruning. The particular cow

that did this, we know, had no nerves. Perhaps
she found better footing than appears to the passer
, a few feet away, but it seems there as if she might
have taken very large risks in stretching her neck
to browse over such a yawning abyss. She must
love such food.

The arbor vitae's disposition to overhang streams
must be ingrained, for I recollect noticing it along
the upper Mississippi years ago, at just such
oblique practice. Perhaps the tree may be vain
and loves to see itself, reversed, in the liquid mir-
ror below. August nth, 1885.

All bunches of grapes are double bunches. The
two parts, forming the double bunch, are very dis-
similar in size, but why this dissimilarity I do not
know. The tendrils of the grape are forked, and
as the bunch of fruit is but a modification of the
tendril, the forked habit of the latter is continued
in the former, the result being a double panicle of

I berries. This fact is more clearly illustrated in
the tendrils and correspondmg fruit panicles of
the Virginia creeper, a member of the same order

I as the grape. August nth, 1885.

How often you are asked why the May-apple

[ was given so unsuitable a name, and at the same

' time told that it should have ripened its fruit in

the merry month instead of keeping it green until

August is just ready to leave us, or September has

actually appeared.

} The large, golden, egg-like or prune-shaped
i berry of this plant, which reaches maturity beneath
• two green umbrellas, and perhaps a whole tree of
leaves still farther above, is pleasantly acid to the
taste. But how happens it that the substantial
stem and the dark deeply-lobed leaves will, about
; the first of this month, hastily fall to the ground,
and within a week's 'time perchance pass from
greenness to brownness and decay ? Except for
the bright fruit this herb, which but a fortnight
ago was conspicuous in the woods, would not now
I be discoverable. Why this sudden vanishing, with-
out frost to cause it ? It must be because all the
I plant's life goes to the perfecting of the seed and
its lively flavored and gay colored envelope.

The large, fresh leaves of the Podophyllum are
as attractive to me, and doubtless to many others,
as any of the flowers, or flowers and leaves com-
bined, of the early spring plants. I remember en-
joying them very much as seen growing in your
Fairmount Park on a certain grassy, half basin-
like descent, amongst lingering brown leaves, and
near the edge of a bit of woods into which they

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

341

probably extended. As to the name of this plant
it certainly seems appropriate enough when we re-
member that it flowers in the last spring month.

Rochester, N: V., Aug. 12th, iSSj.

[It may be a 'matter of some interest why the
Podophyllum got the name of May-apple ; the
flowering in May could hardly have suggested it.
In Virginia the fruit of the Passion flower is also
called May-apple, and there is some resemblance
in the form and taste of the fruit. Possibly one
kind gave the name to the other.

Those, botanically inclined, may find more than
this question of name derivation in the May-apple.
It is placed in the family of Berberries — Berberida-
ceae. A careful examination of the flowers and
fruit of the wild ginger, Asarum Canadense, and
indeed the creeping roots, the whole habit and
character will show morphologically a close rela-
tionship; and though Aristolochiaceae, to which
the wild ginger belongs, is necessarily placed far
away in the natural arrangements made by the
botanists, we shall see how derivation will set
at defiance even the best devised system of botan-
ical classification.

This'is a point the Editor hoped to work up
some day for the edification of systematic botanists ;
but life is short and duties numerous. It is one of
those things younger men may get interested in.

—Ed. G. M.l

«-•-»

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Host Plants of the Mistletoe — That the
Mistletoe will be found on a plant abundantly in
one period of the world's history, and in the same
region centuries later be found chiefly on other
plants, is extremely interesting in connection with
the supposed change of climate with time. Our
note on this topic has attracted some attention,
and we should be glad to have further notes on
the subject. What is wanted is to know the pre-
vailing host plants from as many localities as pos-
sible.

We believe we are not mistaken in our impres-
sion, that in the upper waters of many Virginia
rivers, for instance the Gauley, Greenbrier, Kana-
wha, New River, Shenandoah, Rapidan, Roanoke,
and others along which the writer has collected
plants, the Mistletoe was more frequently associ-
ated with the elm than any other tree. The oppor-
tunity for collecting in the lower or coast line
counties has been more limited.

The Atamasco Lilies. — It is perhaps unfor-
tunate that the language of flowers has not the

same meaning to the horticulturist as to the botan-
ist. So far as botany is concerned, the light flow-
ered Atamasco lily — Zephyranthes Candida— is
the same as Z. atamasco, and is given as a
synonym of the latter in modern botanical works.
But as horticulturists must keep the bright pink
form separate from the whitish one, we have to
recognize Zephyranthes Candida as especially de-
noting the latter. We migh* in common parlance
say " White Fairy Lily " when referring to the Z.
Candida, but as Z. Treatae is white also that would
make confusion still.

Immediate Influence of Pollen on Fruit.
— At the meeting of the American Pomological
Society Prof. Lazenby said that his experiments
with the Crescent strawberry, though showing
some immediate influence he thought, were not as
satisfactory as those of the previous year.

Mr.Fuller took a more advanced view than any
yet recorded ; the pollen had not only an immedi-
ate influence on the fruit, but also on the whole
plant. A detail of the facts on which Mr. Fuller
bases this conclusion will be looked for with much
interest.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

The Mistletoe in Virginia. — " Mrs. M. H.
G." writes : " In your issue of the Gardeners'
Monthly and Horticulturist, date October
1st, 1885, I notice an article on the mistletoe, in re-
ply to an inquirer signing himself ' Student.' In
this you tell him that the State of Virginia pro-
duces the mistletoe on the elm.

" I am a Virginian by birth, and resided in that
State up to the time of my marriage, my father
owning a plantation in .-Albemarle County, which
is about the centre of the State. Of other counties
I cannot speak with confidence, but in this one,
we never lound mistletoe except upon the oak."

Dead Trees in Louisville. — Messrs. Nanz &
Neuner write, that there can be no manner of
question that the water gas killed the Louisville
trees ; which, from sad experience in Philadel-
phia, even those who have not seen the trees, can
readily believe.

Mistletoe in South Carolina. — Mr. H. W.
Ravenel, Aiken, S. C, remarks : "In regard to the
question of ■ Student,' referred to in October num-
ber, about the host of the mistletoe, I will say that
as far as I have observed in this region, the para-
site is more common on water oak than on any
other tree. Here in the streets of Aiken, there are

342

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

a great number of water oaks, and the mistletoe is
the chief enemy, ahnost destroying the tree and
greatly weakening its natural growth from the
great numbers of plants on the limbs. During
the winter, when the oak leaves have fallen, some
of these trees have the appearance of being ever-
greens, from the green leaves of the parasite. I
have seen the same thing in the low country of

this State ; sometimes also on other oaks, but
most generally preferring the water oak. It is
often seen also on persimmon and tupelo, but I can-
not recollect ever having seen the mistletoe on
any coniferous tree."

[The mistletoe has been found in some instances
on the Scotch pine in the north of Europe. —
Ed. G. M.]

Literature,, Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

GOOD WORDS FOR THE PRINOS AND
HOLLY.

BY WM. T. HARDING.

Irving, in his love of nature, thus alludes to " the
holly providently planted about the house, to
cheat winter of its dreariness, and to throw in a
semblance of green summer."

It was during the month of March, 1676, while
the adventurous and hardy colonists were "sub-
duing the wilderness of North America," that the
unprincipled and prodigal fellow, Charles II, "by
the grace of God (?)" was king; — And who from
his flagrant profligacy, the chroniclers of his day
dubbed the "Merry Monarch,"- — pompously speaks
of " our province of Nova Cesaria or New Jer-
sey." And within the boundaries of the aforesaid
State, at that early period, the leafy primeval
spot among the pines, " and other sombre bos-
cage," now known as Mount Holly, wasthen recog-
nized by the good folks thereabouts as Bridge
Town, and according to the natural fitness of
things — when they " called a spade a spade " —
was properly so called, from the number of bridges
required to cross the circuitous Rancocas creek_
which with many angles and singular sinuosities,
seems to curve, twist, and turn most crookedly
about the town, in its devious wanderings to find
a way out.

From analogy, or, " what's in a name ?" one
would naturally expect to find some fair sized
Holly trees. Ilex opaca, growing on the closely
wooded " Mount," which majestically rises um-
brageously above the highly cultivated farms and
gardens which picturesquely diversify the Imd-
scape of the surrounding level country, and from
which the pleasant town of Mount Holly is, or
was, appropriately named. But disappointment

awaits the man, however diligently he searches,
who expects to discover any with larger stems
than a few inches in diameter. That ubiquitous
person, the oldest inhabitant, says, " there used to
be some good sized trees of that kind, thereabouts,
when he was a boy ; which have since then been
wantonly destroyed." Yet, in the woods border-
ing on the town, which unhappily, I regret to say,
are now fast falling before the merciless strokes of
the wood-cutter's axe, may be found a few "exam-
ples of about from forty to fifty feet high, and from
twenty-four to thirty inches in circumference. But
by far the most handsome and portly tree I have
seen anywhere in the neighborhood, measures
three feet ten inches in girth, with a rather uniform
head, which rises from a clean, straight stem eight
feet high, and then branches off some twenty feet
above.

As an old admirer of Hollies, I am prone to
speak in their favor, and by so doing, if possible,
rescue them from the neglect and obscurity to
which they seem to have been so long consigned.
And as the Prinos and Holly are in the same
natural order, Aquifoliacae, and like " The two
Dromios," bear a strong family resemblance to
each other, it would seem but proper to group
them together.

When residing in the South, in ante-bellum times,
the writer made a collection of the various kinds
of Hollies and Prinos, which are readily found in
the woods in that region ; and, which when
planted in the ornamental grounds, proved very
interesting to all who had an eye for beauty. Ilex
angustifolia, I. Dahoon, with I. Cassine, are as
handsome low growing shrubs as are to be found
in this country. And if well protected with other
evergreens of more robust habit, might be made
to contribute to the beauty of the lawn and shrub-
I bery in colder sections than they are usually seen.

l88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

343

And their kindred Prinos", which are equally
handsome shrubs, some evergreen, and some de-
ciduous, of which there arc about a dozen native
species, all of which are much appreciated in
European collections. Those possessing most in-
terest for ornamental purposes, here, are P. glabra,
as pretty a little shrub as is grown, with P. verti-
cillatus, and P. Isvigatus.

There is a general, though erroneous opinion
prevailing, that nothing is more difficult to suc-
cessfully transplant than the native Holly, I.
opaca. The want of success may, I think, in most
cases, be attributed to a lack of skill in the planter.
If, for instance, a sturdy looking bush of good
size and shape is found growing in shady thickets,
as they usually are, and is transferred to some
open space on the lawn, " where it will show
well," and there left in full foliage, it is a doomed
tree, and will soon be a ghost of what it once was,
when " a glorious holly, so glossy and green."
Now all this may be overcome by following Mr.
Meehan's advice, as given in the July Monthly
of 1878, which I quote in his own terse language,
for the benefit of whom it may concern :

" The Holly has very sluggish roots, while its
evaporating powers through its leaves are enor-
mous. To be successful with transplanting
Hollies, we have to regulate these extremes, which
we do by cutting off the leaves in cases of doubt-
ful success. We have never known a case where
the leaves and half ripened wood were cut away,
that perfect success did not follow, &c."

But as everybody knows who has given them
a trial, nursery-grown trees, several times trans-
planted, are much to be preferred, and are really
cheaper in the end, than those taken from the
woods ; and I would advise the planter to select
them personally, or by catalogue, from some re-
liable nursery.

From what I consider the best nursery price
list in the country, I perceive I. cornuta, the very
handsome Japan Holly, one of the prettiest ever-
greens in cultivation, and perfectly hardy, with I.
opaca, may be had at very reasonable prices ;
and of such, I would recommend all tree admirers
to plant.

Of the European kinds of Hollies, which form
such charming objects in the pleasure grounds,
parks and gardens there — and in England espe-
pecially — we must be content with seeing them
there, as they are too tender for this climate.
.And yet, I have no doubt they would, under favor-
able conditions, succeed in the South. When
grown in large pots or tubs, and housed in winter,
o be brought out for spring, summer and autumn

use, there is hardly anything more effective or
beautiful, than variegated Hollies. Whoever has
seen good specimens of the silver variegated
Holly, I. latifolia, I. alba marginata, with the fol-
lowing named kinds, will have seen beautiful ob-
jects long to remember. To wit : I. argentea, the old
silver variety, and the exquisite I. argentea ele-
gantissima, with small creamy white foliage; I.
aurantia, bronze-leaved ; I. aurea marginata, with
broad golden margins ; I. versicolor, crimson and
gold variegation ; or the several green kinds, I.
atrovirens, very dark glossy green, and I. lauri-
folia,with long entire laurel-like leaves ; with many
more attractive kinds.

However much we may admire them in these
latter days, we can hardly be said to love and
cherish them as did the people in earlier times.
According to Pliny, "Tibertus built the city of
Tibur near three Holly trees, over which he had
observed the flight of birds that pointed to the
spot, whereon the gods had fixed for its erection ;
and that these trees were standing in his own time,
and must, therefore, be upwards of 1200 years old.
He also tells us that there was a Holly tree then
growing near the Vatican in Rome, on which was
fixed a brass plate, with an inscription in ancient
Tuscan letters ; and that this tree was more than
Boo years older than Rome itself." He also men-
tions a magnificent one inTuscullum, with a trunk
of 35 feet in circumference.

History also informs us that "the Holm, is the
ancient name of the Holy tree (since corrupted
into Holly), and was regarded by our ancestors as
such, probably, from its use with that of the Ivy
in decorating houses and churches, during the
holy time of Christmas. But from pagan Rome,
the custom seems to have been derived, of using
it in the annual festival of Saturnalia, which oc-
curred some time about Christmas."

And it was the policy of the early fathers to
avoid shocking unnecessarily the prejudices of
their newly-made converts. They assimilated
the festivals of the Pagans and Christians as closely
as possible, to these outward forms.

Of all legendary, or old historical trees, with the
exception of the oak, hawthorn and yew, none
possibly are invested with greater interest than the
Holly. Both writers of fact and fiction have long
made it famous. And, indeed, many are the sen-
timental subjects in which it appears, especially
when referring to the happy events Christmas
tide usually brings about. While in the rich and
quaint ballad lore of the ancient bards, as well as
the modern poets' rhymes, both berries and leaves

344

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

I November,

are often tastefully arranged in the pretty poetical
garlands of these lovers of song. And the once
popular ballad, "The Mistletoe Bough," which
many gentle readers, no doubt, still remember
how it conspicuously figured in the pleasant
picture the poet gives of a Christmas holiday in
the days of yore. And thus he sings;

"The mistletoe liung in the old castle hali,
And the holly branch shcjne on the old oak wall ;
While the baron's retainers were blithe and gay,
Keeping their Christmas holliday ;" &c.

It would occupy too much space to quote but a
few of the many poetical allusions to the Holly.
So the following must suffice, written in the reign
of Henry VI. The ivy being dedicated to
Bacchus, was often hung outside the door, as a
Vintner's sign in winter, while " Holy" (or Holly)
"stond in the halle."

" Nay. Ivy, nay. it sh.tU not be I wys ;

Let Holy hate the niaystry, as the nianer ys.

Holy stond in the halle, layre to behold ;

Ivy stond without the dore ; she ys full sore a cold.

"Holy and hys mery men they dawnsyn and thev svng,
Ivy and bur m,aydenys thev wepvn anil they wryng!
Ivy hath a lybe ; she laghtit with ihe cold,
So mot they all hate that wyth Ivy hold.

*'Holy hath berys as red as any Rose,

They foster the hunters, keep hem from the doo.

Ivy hath- berys as black .as any slo ;

Ther com the oule and ete hym as she goo,

"Holy haih bynlys. atnl fayre fok.

The Kyghtyngale, the Popyngy. the gayntyl Lavyrok.

Good Ivy ! what liyrdys ast thou !

Hon but the Howlet that ' How ! How I' "

Evelyn speaks of "stout walls of Holly, 20
feet high," which are common in England at the
present time. As a hedge plant, both orna-
mental and useful, it has no superior. And many
readers will remember seeing the handsome neatly-
clipped hedges of 1. Cassine, 1. Dahoon, and 1.
opaca, about the better class of houses in the
Southern States. And I see no reason why the
last-named kind should not be used for similar
purposes elsewhere. To form a beautiful or de-
fensive hedge, living green screen, or wind break,
it is much better adapted than are many things
often so used. And for ihe pretty native birds, ii
makes a snug warm retreat during winter.

1 am sorry I cannot refer to any fine specimens
hereabouts, where 1 naturally look for them. The
largest trees are often shamefully hacked and
senselessly mutilated ; which makes one think the
foolish ones have an antipathy for them. The
most magnificent old Hollies I ever saw, are still
growing in Needwood forest, England, where for
more than a thousand years they have stood the
storm, and, the last lime I saw them, they still
seemed good for a thousand more.

Mount Holly. N. J., August zgth, 18S5.

LOCAL NAMES OF PLANTS.
BY MRS. FANNV E. BRIGGS.

One of the first flowers I remember was the
Lychnis Chalcedonica, Scarlet Lychnis, called in
New England "Prince's Pride." In the West it
is called " Bleed-hearts" and " Fire-ball." Chrys-
anthemums (C. Indica) were called " Fortune
Plants." Tanacetum Balsamatea was " Patagon-
ianMint," in New England ; at the West " Rose-
mary" and "Sweet Mary." One of the first house
plants I remember was Saxafraga sarmentosa, and
was called in New England " Strawberry Geran-
ium," from the similarity of habit. In California
this plant is " Beefsteak Geranium," and in Oregon
simply " Beefsteak." In California this latter
name was given to the beautiful Painted Cup
(Castilleja coccinea). A beautiful Calochortus is
called in California "Indian Potato;" in Oregon,
" Cat's ear Lily." It is bright yellow, with densely
bearded petals — the " cat's ears," I suppose.

In Pennsylvania and in the Western States gen-
erally, the low growing native Phlo.\es are known
as "Wild Sweet Williams." Balsams are "Touch-
me-nots," from the seed-pods. Asters are " Fall
roses." Bachelor's buttons (Centaurea Cyanus)
are known as " French Pinks," while the Globe
Amaranth is " Bachelor's button," " French
Clover," and "Winter Clover." Ixia Chinensis
is " Blackberry Lily," — a good name.

The old single Zinnias are called in Iowa "Youth
and Old Age," a very good name, as the flowers
do not wither or drop their petals, but stand a long
time unchanged, except the fading color. The
Molucca Balm, or shell-flower, was called "Shaker
bonnets." Nicandra physalioides was " Bluebells"
in New England ; Mertensia Virginica are " Blue
Gentians" at the West.

Many plants are called Mies ; Irises, Erythro-
niums, and Trilliums are so called. In this region
all kinds of Narcissus are known as " Easter
Flowers. " Polemonium cerulea is " Jacob's
Ladder;" Myosotis, "Blue-eyed Mary." Our
" Barberry " is a tree with small white flowers and
black berries, with hard bony seeds. It is also
called " Hear berry " from the fondness of that ani-
mal for the berries. [Rhamnus Purshianus.— Ed.]

Polypodium falcatum is known here as "Wild
Licorice " and used in medicine like the true
licorice. Lomaria Spicant is known as " Deer
Fern." Sometimes the nurserymen are caught
napping. A friend in Iowa had " Rose of Circas-
sia " picsented by a prominent dealer. It proved
to be Rose Acacia ; and a traveling agent in the
same State, reading the names of the impossible

.885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

345

fruits and flowers from his big picture book, gave
"Glory of Moses " as the name of his best moss
rose.

I suppose we all appreciate a pretty and appro-
priate English name. When quite small I heard
some yellow Everlastings called "Golden Eternal
Flowers," and the beautiful name impressed me,
child as I was. I wish that all botanical names
were descriptive of the most prominent character-
istics of the plants or their habitats. Even we
who can only pick up here and there a crumb of
knowledge could learn a great deal about them.
I wish, too, that we knew the Indian names and
their meanirgs ; I suppose they are all significant
in some way. 1 have heard that the Indians of
this coast call the common Plantain by a name
meaning " White-man's-foot," saying that it always
follows his coming ; and this scrap of knowledge
gives a touch of poetic interest to the common
plant. Does not every new idea, in the words of
an old poet, " Give the soul sweet sense of larger
room ?" La Centre, Wash. Ter.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Postage on Monthly Magazines. — Just why
a weekly magazine should be carried by the United
States Mail for a less rate of postage than a
monthly, is not clear. It seems like one of
those unjust regulations that are the more repre-
hensible for being thoughtlessly made.

If the excuse be oftered that the United States
could not afford to reduce both classes at once,
the monthlies should have had precedence of the
weeklies, it seems to us. They need more " pro-
tection," as the weeklies have the inside track
where matters of news are concerned.

Watson's Nurseries, Brenham, Texas.— The
Texas Gazetteer gives great credit to this establish-
ment. It is one of the leading industries of Brenham,
occupies 200 acres, is the largest and the earliest
nursery in Texas. It was commenced in i860.
The establishment is pronounced a great success,
and its proprietor, Mr. WilUam Watson, receives
high praise for his excellent standing among his
fellow-citizens in every relation of life.

John Thorpe. — It is announced that this well-
known gentleman will be one of the Editors of the
American Florist.

Dr. Kegel. — This well-known gentleman, di-
rector of the St. Petersburg Botanic Garden, re-
cently passed his seventy-first birthday. He was
in early life but a poor garden apprentice, and the

honors that have been showered on him are well-
merited tributes to the energy and industry that
have raised him to his great eminence.

Andrew J. Moore.— The Gardeners' Month-
ly loses a very good occasional contributor in
Mr. A. J Moore, of Berlin Heights, Ohio, who
died on September 5th, within a few days of his
fifty. fourth year. He was a rare lover of nature,
and had just finished a home, which was to be
surrounded with some of the best specimens of
gardening. Though modest and retiring, he was
a rare illustration of all that is of solid value in
human character.

George \V. Clinton. — .Vmong the recent
deaths botantists will regret, is that of Judge Clin-
ton, of Buffalo, N. Y., who died suddenly on the
7th of September, in his seventy-eighth year.
Notwithstanding his age, he continued his botan-
ical studies, and was found dead in a cemetery
where he had wandered in search of plants. His
father, Governor De Witt Clinton, was also a
patron of botany, and is commemorated in Clin-
tonia borealis and C. multiflora. North American
plants of the Solomon's Seal family, the name
having been given by Rafinesque. This was not
thought to be a good genus at one time, and the
plant was known as Smilacina borealis. Douglas
then founded another genus Clintonia on a pretty
blue Lobeliaceous plant from the Pacific coast,
still known in some seed catalogues as Clintonia
elegans. But when Rafinesque's name was
adopted by botanists, and, under the rule, the
later names have to be dropped, the Pacific plants
were re-named and are now Downingia, so named
by Torrey, after our famous landscape gardener,
A. J. Downing. Judge Clinton was one of the
most amiable of men, and beloved by all who
knew him.

New Work in the U. S. Agricultural De-
partment.— Prof. Trelease has been engaged to
work up the diseases of plants, Mr. Scritiner to
Avork up the microscopic plants, and Mr. C. H.
Merriam will study birds — all in relation to agri-
culture. These are all steps in good progress.

Materia Medica. — A lecture by Prof. W.
Saunders, before the Western University at Lon-
don, Ontario, is full of interesting matter connected
with the history of plants in their medical relation-
ships. It is curious to look back over the beliefs
of the ancients, and compare them with opinions
now. The following is an extract from Mr. Saun-
ders' lecture, and it illustrates the general scop; of
his remarks :

346

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

"The list of vegetable medicines in use at that
time was large. In 1671 appeared 'Salmon's
English Herbal,' a ponderous quarto of over 1,300
pages, profusely illustrated, in which there are de-
scribed 752 herbs of English growth, including
almost every variety of wild and cultivated plant
and shrub then growing in Britain, and to most of
them are ascribed virtues of an astonishing char-
acter. As a specimen, take the common garden
sage. This is said to be ' hot and dry in the third
degree, astringent, anodyne, carminative, digestive,
discussive, diuretick and traumatick, cephalick,
neurotick, stomachick, hysterick, arthritick, em-
menagogick, sudorifick, alexipharmick and ana-
leptick.' It is said to be good against a vertigo,
lethargy, headache from a cold cause, palsie, con-
vulsions, spitting blood, weakness of the nerves,
poison, the bitings of serpents and other venomous
creatures, the plague and ■ other malarial and
pestilential diseases, catarrhs, rheumatisms, &c."
Some idea may be formed as to what is embraced
in the et cetera by reading the succeeding pages,
where details of the various preparations of this
herb are given and their wonderful properties
dwelt on. The preparations are, 1st, the green
leaves; 2d, the juice; 3d, the essence; 4th, an in-
fusion in wine or water ; 5th, a powder of the
leaves; 6th, an oil or ointment; 7th, a cataplasm;
8th, pills ; 9th, a gargarism ; loth, a distilled
^yater; nth, a spirituous tincture; 12th, an acid
tincture; 13th, an oily tincture; 14th, a spirit;
15th, a distilled oil ; l6th, the potestates or powers ;
17th, an elixir: and i8th, a conserve of the
flowers."

Orchard and Garden. — New gardening papers
are coming out as thick as blackberries. Under
the above title, we have the first number of a
monthly. It is published (and we presume, edi-
ted) by J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, New Jersey.

Popular Gardening.— This is the title of another
serial candidate for popular favor in the gardening
world. The first number appeared on the ist
of October. It is conducted by Elias A. Long,
of Buffalo, is a monthly, and but 60 cents a year.
Its aim seems to be to give numerous brief prac-
tical hints and notes about gardening generally
and flower culture particularly.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Intelligent Readers. — We have before us a
letter, giving some praise to our magazine for the
general intelligence displayed by correspondents
who write for it ; and another correspondent calls
attention to his copying a paper from our pages
for an agricultural paper, but which was not
"agricultural enough for its columns" in the
opinion of the editor.

We often wonder at the idea of a farmer many
agricultural editors evidently have. Sometimes
they give wood cut illustrations, and generally he
is depicited as a weather-beaten old dowdy, his
clothing suggesting that he made a change of
linen only once a year on Thanksgiving Days,
and with a vacant stare on his face, as if even the
sight of the alphabet would insult him. Now and
then we find him painted as a frowsy looking sub-
ject for entomological study, at the end of a string
attached to the hind leg of a hog, with the animal
leading him on ; and somehow our thoughts wan-
der to that editor who is trying to lead that same
old farmer in pretty much the same old slough.
It is a queer association, but we cannot help it.

It is strange that a live agricultural editor
should regard the farmer as but little above the
beast that perisheth, with no other concern in life
but his belly full of corn ! Horticulturists are at
any rate not of that class ; you may not find one
that is satisfied with mere husks of swine. We
have always felt in managing this magazine, that
we were dealing with the most intelligent circle in
the community, and that it was a privilege to be
admitted as a reader of the magazine into this
circle. It is a real pleasure to find by these occa-
sional letters that our efforts are appreciated.

Where to Locate. — Mr. R. C. Poppey now
complains that he has not been fairly treated
in turn. He writes from Wilmington, Mass,
that he can be found by any one who may
! " want to know where he is gone to," and that the
postmaster at Elmira will give any inquiring
mind his full address. He did come on " trial one
month," and that trial was so satisfactory to Mr.
Rawson that he remained one year with him. Mr.
P. sends testimonials from former employers that
his character and abilities are in every way satis-
l factory.

As we have been dragged into these personal
matters, it is but fair that this much more be given.

Mr. P. protests that the only object he had was
to offer the opinion that there was a good opening
for a first-class florist in Elmira. If he had said
that there were some florists in a small way, or
florists of some other character with room for one
I with higher aims, or some such qualifications, his
communication would not have been open to any
criticism. But it gave the impression that there
were no other florists of any kind at Elmira, and
' it was this impression that brought about the per-
sonal remarks, out of place in a journal like ours,
and which we regret.

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

347

Forcing Strawberries. — Mr. Thomas Foulds,
whose inquiries brought so many excellent re-
sponses on Forcing Strawberries, desires to thank
friends for their prompt kindnesses. Through
his distinguished employer, Mr. Wm. Singerly,
proprietor of the Philadelphia Record, a large
house has been built to test their experiences.

and the results will be recorded in our columns.

Mr. Singerly, like Messrs. Childs, Harding, and
other owners of the leading Philadelphia news-
papers, is a rare lover of gardening. He has
over seven thousand feet of glass already on his
grounds. It took this year over 30,000 plants to
fill the flower beds in the garden.

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Address by Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, at the 20th Session

of the American Pomological Society.

(Concluded froiu page 318.)

RULES OF POMOLOGY.

Nothing has afforded me more gratification than
the favor with which our Rules of Pomology and
the Reform in the Nomenclature of our Fruits
have been received.

Soon after the close of our last session, we sent
out a thousand circulars containing these Rules,
together with the suggestions of the President in
regard to the much- needed reform in the nomen-
clature of fruits. These were sent to the Agri-
cultural, Horticultural, and Fruit Growers' Asso-
ciations, and to the leading nurserymen of our
country. Some were also sent to foreign lands.
The favor with which these have been received
both at home and abroad has been remarkable,
showing that the time had arrived when, by gen-
eral consent, this reform should be made ; and
thus our Society has the honor of instituting it as
an example for the pomological world. When we
reflect on the long, senseless, and sometimes
vulgar and ridiculous names by which so many of
our most beautiful fruits are known, our indigna-
tion is so aroused that we desire to blot them from
our memory forever. Some have thought this
spirit might be too aggressive. All reforms are
more or less so ; but when we think of the irrele-
vant and inappropriate names by which many of
our fruits are known, we feel the importance of
keeping up our warfare until the victory is won,
and all our catalogues are purged of these im-
proprieties. As I before felt, I still feel it my duty,
as President of the American Pomological Society,
to urge a reform in the names of fruits, avoiding all
long, superfluous, inappropriate, indelicate, ostenta-
tious, or unmeaning titles ; and if we cannot change

objectionable names already applied, at least to
avoid them in the future. Hundreds of fruits once
known in our catalogues have become obsolete
for want of good properties, and so it will be in
the future, and we shall retain only those which,
by their excellent quality and adaptation to our
situation and wants, are worthy of extensive culti-
vation. Like the Baldwin apple, the Bartlett
pear, the Concord grape, and other renowned
fruits, let such varieties be dedicated to perpetual
remembrance by appropriate names, and thus let
us hand down to future generations a system of

! nomenclature pure and plain in its diction, perti-
tinent and proper in its application, and which

I shall be an example, not only for fruits, but for
other products of the earth . Let us have no more
names of generals, colonels, captains, presidents,
governors, monarchs, kings or princes, mammoths
or Tom Thumbs, or such titles as Nonsuch, Seek-
nofurther, Neplus-ultra, Hogpen, Sheepnose, Big
Bob, Ironclad, Legal Tender, Sucker State, or
Stump-the- World. These were suggestions made
in my last address, to which I still adhere and
from which I have nothing to take back. The
terms Pearmain, Pippin, Beurre, Doyenne, Bon
Chretien, eie., applied to apples and pears, once
described classes of fruit which are now so con-
fused and blended that the names have lost their
significance. The cases are very few where a
single word will not form a better name for a
fruit than two or more. These reforms have been
adopted in the Catalogue of the American Pomo-
logical Society, and other prominent horticultural
and pomological societies have voted to adopt
the improved nomenclature, and I desire to ask
the cooperation of all pomological and horticul-
tural societies in this and other countries in
carrying out this important reform. It has been
suggested that the work might be carried farther
than has been done in the catalogue of the Pomo-
logical Society ; as, for instance, by substituting

348

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

Lucrative for Belle Lucrative, and Nelis for Win-
ter Nelis. Pomologists may differ as to how far
the reform should be carried, but by comparision
of views they will come to a final agreement.

I desire especially to enforce upon nurserymen
the duty of aiding in this reform, by revising their
catalogues so as to correspond with the improved
nomenclature. Horticultural and pomological as-
sociations have thus far been our most powerful
auxiliaries in this good work, but they do not
come in contact with the people at so many points
as the nurserymen whose catalogues are distributed
broadcast over the land, and 1 would especially
appeal to the many honorable representatives of
this profession here assembled, to give us their
hearty cooperation until the work is accomplished.
Let us push on the work so constantly and vigor-
ously while we live, that future generations, seeing
its advantages, shall avoid the evils we have en-
countered, and shall enjoy the benefits of the im-
proved system, and look back with gratitude to us
for our labors.

PRODUCTION OF NEW FRUITS.

And now in fulfillment of my promise to urge
upon you while I live, the importance of producing
from seed, new improved varieties of fruits, adap-
ted to the various soils and climates of our vast
territory, I have substantially to repeat what I
have said in my former addresses. These are the
means, and the only means, which God and nature
have provided for the improvement of our fruits,
and the belter we understand and practise them
the nearer shall we approach to that divine bene-
ficence which gives tlavor and richness to our
fruits, and to the senses the highest types of
beauty, grace, and gratification.

Thus from time to time I have spoken to you,
and, were these my last words, I would again im-
press them upon you as of the utmost importance.
With a careful study of the tendency of varieties,
and a judicious selection of parents, as breeders,
we shall go on to produce fruits which will be
adapted to every climate or condition of our land
where any species of fruit may be grown. When
we see what nature has done without the aid of
manipulation — in the cold regions of the North,
as in Russia, from whence came the Oldenburg and
Tetoftsky apples, the Black Tartarian cherry, and
other good fruits, as seen by Professor Budd and
Mr. Charles Gibb, who can doubt our ability to
produce fine fruits even in the colder regions of
our country ?

When we consider that the art of crossing varie-
ties for their improvement was scarcely known

until our day, and see what wonders have been
accomplished by it, who can doubt that we may
yet produce a pear with the richness of the Seckel,
the form and size of the Bosc, and the vigor and
productiveness of the Boussock. And so we may
go on to improve other fruits, until all shall be
made as perfect as ever were grown by " the grand
old gardener" in Eden. But to do this we must
study the characteristics of varieties, and thus help
nature to perfect this work.

Thus Providence has placed in the hands of man
a power to assist nature in the production of her
most perfect and beautiful creations. And what-
ever some may think of variation, evolution, trans-
mutation, or transformation of species, the great
fundamental laws of life and its reproduction will
remain unchangeable and immutable as long as
the earth bears a plant, or a tree yields a fruit, or
nature holds her place in the universe.

Nature is a kind handmaid, and, by her lovely

creations, is constantly inviting us to come up and

assist in her glorious conquests. Her voice is

heard throughout the earth. To us, she says :

" Come up and sit with me, and you shall have

plenty and perfection. Come, and I will give you

fruits which shall delight the eye, gratify the

taste, and satisfy your souls."

O ! Yes ! Thou (iueen of Grace,
We'll come and take thee at thy word ;
Wt! 11 take thee, Nature, as a bride,
And, hand in hand and side by side,
Uur loves and Labors we will join,
And bless the hand that gives us thine.

We have now many excellent varieties of fruits
from foreign lands which are suited to many of
the soils and climates of our country. But when
we reflect upon the number that have proved
worthless, and are not suited to our condition, and
consider the large number of good American sorts
that have already been raised, we are forced to
the conclusion that we must, hereafter, rely mainly
on the production of new varieties from seed to
supply the necessary kinds for our constantly in-
creasing territory for fruit culture. We therefore
rejoice in the great interest which has been
awakened in this subject, so that what was a few
years ago considered by physiologists and philoso-
phers a mysterious art or science, is now practised
extensively by cultivators in the various families
of vegetable life. And now that we have the
knowledge of this art, there is no limit to its use
for the improvements we may desire. And, strange
as it may seem that the knowledge of this process
of helping nature was withheld from us until our
day, it is capable of indefinite application as
long as the sexes of plants shall be known, and is

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

349

the only means to revolutionize and improve the
fruits of the earth.

When we reflect on the improvement which has
been realized by cross-fertilization in the various
species of the vegetable kingdom, we can scarcely i
fix a limit to its potent influence for good on our |
fruits. And we may thus go on from one degree
of excellence to another until we shall produce
fruits as fine as were ever grown by our father in
Eden. Go on prospering and to prosper in this
most promising and beneficent work. You can
do nothing better for the generations that are to
follow us ; and so again, with hne upon line, and
perhaps for the last time, I leave with you my old
injunction : " Plant the most mature and perfect
seeds of the most hardy, vigorous, and valuable
varieties ; and as a shorter process, insuring
more certain and happy results, cross and hy-
bridize our finest kinds for still greater excel-
lence." Go on ! Go on ! while you live, and
when we are gone, others will rise up to chant our
old song : —

Plant the best seeda of all your best fruit,
Good fruits to raise that some lands may suit ;
Fruits which shall live their blessings to shed.
On millions of souls when you shall be dead.

Plant ! plant your best seeds— no longer doubt
That beautiful fruits you may create ;
Fruits which, perchance, your name may enshrine.
In emblems of life and beauty to shine.

Thus have I summed up some of the most im-
portant considerations and suggestions of my
former addresses, thinking that I could do noth-
ing better than to call your attention to them again,
and reenforce them as principles upon which must
depend the successful prosecution of our work.

And now, gentlemen, in conclusion, let me
again congratulate you on what our Society has
already accomplished. "The past is secure ;" but
the great duty still remains of extending, fostering,
and rightly directing the pomology of our country.

Other societies have arisen, and will continue to
arise, and help forward our noble designs ; but
the American Pomological Society will still bring
together the most distinguished cultivators of our
land, and will be the great head, guardian, and
guide of the pomology of this western world.
When we reflect on what has been accomplished
in the thirty-seven years of its history, and think
of the immense territory in our favored land which
is yet to be occupied with fruit culture, and of the
increasing demand for these products so necessary
for the health and happiness of life, we feel the
great responsibility which rests on us as protectors
and conservators of one of the most important
branches of American husbandry. Let me then

urge you to persevere in this work and preserve
our bond of union throughout the land. " Union
is strength ;" and in nothing is this better illus-
trated than in the associated efforts which have
given such influence and importance to our
Society. Perpetuate it, that the blessings which
it confers may go down to posterity, and grateful
millions shall bless the memory of those who laid
its foundations, and shall aid in carrying out its
benevolent designs. Think once more, my friends,
of the great blessings which you may confer on
mankind by the multiplication of good fruits.
Next to saving the soul is the saving of health,
and I know of no better means than an abundant
supply of ripe fruits.

Fruits are the overflow of nature's bounty ;
gems from the skies which are dropped down to
beautify the earth, charm the sight, gratify the
taste, and minister to the enjoyment of life ; and
the more we realize this, the more shall we appre-
ciate the Divine goodness to us, and the duty of
providing them for others.

Like morning's first light, that gladdens the sight.
So may the best fruits spread over the earth.
And \vhen we shall reach that still fairer land,
And round the life-tree in mercy shall stand,
May each pluck its fruit, and nevermore feel
The serpent's sharp tooth, once close at his heeU

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society —
Fifty-sixth Annual Exhibition. — The marked'
improvement that continues to be seen in the
culture of plants, fruits and flowers, which this
Society has done so much through its long hfe to
foster, still continues in evidence from this year's
exhibit, and must be very gratifying to the mem-
bers of the Society. The art of growing things
well is supposed to be an European specialty,
which the gardener leaves behind "him when he
lands in America ; but many of the specimens
here were grown in a manner that even a prize-
master in the old world might envy. The chief
novelty was in the superior culture ; for of the
kinds of fruits or flowers there was scarcely any-
thing that attendants on former exhibitions had
not seen before.

Passing through in our search for novelties, in
kind or culture, we were attracted by a plant of
Abutilon Sellowianum in its marbled and varie-
gated form, exhibited by John Nisbet, gardener to
Mrs.'D. Jayne. Though only about 9 inches by
9, it was a dense mass of foliage, with yellow
marblings on green ground. Most of the Abutilons
have a straggling habit.

35°

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

Mrs. D. B. Worrell had a plant of Epiphyllum
latifrons in flower, which the officers of the
Society had labelled " Night-blooming cereus,"
and the public were educated to believe that the
famous old favorite was before them in this miser-
able counterfeit.

Joseph Kift & Sons made their usual exhibit of
articles to aid floral decoration. One of the
prettiest on this occasion was, little golden baskets
attached to polished black slate slabs, with easel
supports. These baskets are filled each with a
small bouquet. In the filled illustrations, ferns
chiefly were employed.

In several collections, and especially that of
Jos. W. Metz, were plants of the Asparagus
plumosus, a plant belonging to the florists'
" Smilax " family. It is mist-like and green, and
will for years keep popular. There was much
novelty in this collection, though the plants might
not be quite as well grown as in some others. A
variety of the old Gesneria discolor, known as G. i
nigrescens ; and the Campylobotrix Ghiesbrech-
tiana, with very pretty green and silver marked
leaves, which are rosy below, are plants that are not
often seen. The ferns in this collection were very
well grown. A Microlepis hirto-cristata in a 1 2-inch
pot, had three dozen fronds, and after rising 2
feet drooped very gracefully. Adiantum concin-
num, A. laetum, A. amabile, and some other
favorite species formed dense plants about 2 feet
by 2. A Nephrolepis tuberosa had fronds about
3 feet long, and only 2 inches wide, forming a
striking object. The remarkable plant, Dracaena
Goldiana, which has green-barred leaves on gray
ground, was in this and many other collections,
showing its growth in popular estimation of culti-
vators. Echeverias by the same exhibitor were
attractive. As probably desirable for carpet bed-
ding, we noted E. navicularis, and Sempervivum
Californicum, both of which had the gray-green
leaves, rosy-tipped.

The prince of good cultivators, however, is Mr.
John Warne, gardener to Clarence H. Clark, Esq.
Imagine among ferns Adiantum gracillimum about
2^ hy2}4 feet, with millionsoflittlefrondlets, which
it would drive one crazy to count. Nephrolepis
davalloides, one of the crested ferns, with fronds
only about 4 inches wide, but about 3 feet in
length, terminating in regular " crow-feet. It is one
of the most striking of all ferns. A stag's-horn fern,
Platycerium alcicorne, with over a hundred fronds,
and one of the pretty climbing ferns, Gleicheina
spelunea, is one of the most graceful of the family.
The pinnules are less than a quarter of an inch

wide, but range from 2 to 4 inches long. An As-
paragus tenuissimus in a 15-inch pot was about 4
feet high by 3 wide. Even common things are
not neglected by this good cultivator. Imagine a
Sago palm only about 6 feet high, and yet with no
less than 50 fronds of 3-feet lengths on it, and a
a palm, Latania Borbonica, with a trunk of only
18 inches high, bearing nineteen huge fronds.

Mr. Charles Fox had also some well-grown
palms. A Latania with nine fronds, a Sago with
fifteen annual rings in a growth of 3 feet, and a
very pretty species of Date palm. Phoenix rupicola,
in a 15-inch pot with fifteen fronds; the whole
plant making a specimen about 4 feet by 4.

Fergusson Sons' collection was rich in Crotons.
The Queen Victoria being particularly striking be-
cause of the rich crimson tints among the green
and gold. Somewhat of novelties here were An-
thurium crystallinum, a plant of which about 2
feet diameter had no less than eight of its white-
veined green leaves, and the still rarer Anthurium
Veitchii. There is no variegation in this, but the
leaves are peculiar among aroids for their length
in proportion to their breadth, about 18 inches by
5 or 6, and the veins have the fashion of starting
on a downward incline, and then recurving up-
wards towards the edge. It is a very pleasing
style of leaf to those who love to study the ele-
ments of beauty in lines and curves.

There are few prettier things than ferns and
leaf plants, and yet one misses the beautiful
flowers that used to grace exhibitions in the olden
time. Craig Brothers were up to the modern
times by beautiful ferns — in a splendid specimen
of Adiantum caudatum, with fronds but once pin-
nate, and yet 2-3 feet long; but they brought
back old memories by mixing flowering carnations
through the ferns.

Mr. E. D. Sturtevant had one of the best novel-
ties in the shape of cut flowers of Zanzibar water
lily, Nymphaea Zanzibarensis. This is a deep
blue, and about 10 inches across. It is nearly
double the size of the better known blue lily, N.
coerulea. The rich red Nymphaea Devoniana,
and the lighter pink Nelumbium speciosum, were
also in the collection.

Mr. Charles D. Ball deserves compliments not
only for good plants, but for neat labels, placed on
long slender stakes, which anyone could read with-
out having to hunt for the ordinary pot label, and
which even when found, requires often a post-
office clerk, gray with age, to make out. If one
tires of the continuous maiden-hair style of ferns,
here there was relief in a plant of Hymenodium

1885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

351

crinitum, a kind with a sort of cabbage leaf tex-
ture of frond, covered with dense black bristles,
and there was a green and not gray form of the
Stag's-liorn fern, and the rare illustration of the
same genus in Platycerium grande, with the
barren fronds running into the fertile, and which
gives one of the peculiarities to this pretty species, i

In the collection of Mr. W. Joyce, gardener to
Mrs. M. W. Baldwin, we noted particularly a
specimen of the Chusan palm, Chremerops For-
tunii. It was a bushy specimen about 5x4 feet,
and has a sort of " Bambooy " look in its narrow
frondlets. It is said to be capable of withstanding
several degrees of frost. Mr. Joyce is famous for
the e.xcellent manner in which he grows the pretty
feather-leaved Marantas. A plant of M. Porteana
about 2 feet by 2, had a dense mass of leaves
overlapping each other like shingles on a barn.
The old-fashioned M. vittata, which few people
can grow well, was here in a specimen about 3
feet by 3. The strange class of plants allied to
the Sago, and known as Encephalartos, and which
are getting popular, for all their scarcity, was re-
presented here by E. villosus. The fronds are only
about 12 inches wide, but were 5 or 6 feet long.
They look like fern leaves turned to blue stone.

The old style of growing Caladmms in deep
shade and moist heat, by which the leaves were
drawn and the colors dull, is being abandoned,
and the bright and stocky specimens here ex-
hibited proves it. There were so many good
ones, the judges must have had a hard time to de-
cide which was the best collection.

A specimen of Mons. A. Hardy, which we re-
gard as one of the brightest and best, had over
seventy-five leaves, and was about 3 feet by 3.
Cho is another variety that struck our fancy. The
same exhibtor, Mr. Warne, gardener to Clarence
H. Clark, Esq., had a specimen of the well-known
dwarf kind, C. argyrites, in a pan about 2}i feet
over, and which we should hardly like to be set to
count the leaves, under penalty to finish it in a
quarter of an hour. Speaking of the Encepha-
lartos tribe, and Sago palms, Mr. John Dick, Jr.,
had one of the family in Zamia glaucum, that at-
tracted much attention.

The absence of flowering plants came near be-
ing atoned for in a collection of leaf Begonias by
John W. Metz. The improvement in these pretty
plants seems to have fallen off, yet they are lovely
— a kind known as Pierre Walter, though not
new, would make a grand exhibition plant, if
taken in hand and grown well. And H. A. Dreer
brought us up to the point of admiration by actual

flowering plants of the tuberous Begonias. Florists
have given up naming varieties, as from seed no
two are alike. The kinds are as infinite as a lot
of Pansies. These of Dreer were about 50, in 6-
inch pots, all different and beautiful.

H. A. Dreer had also some novelties in his col-
lection. There were a variegated Bougainvillea,
and the old variegated Hydrangea, scarce enough
now to be " novel," and a pretty aroid named Phyl-
lotasnia Lindeni. It was in a lo-inch pot with about
50 leaves each, 6 to 10 inches long, and the white
veins on the leaves disposed fish-bone fashion.

Mrs. Annie Bissett had a nice collection of some
hundred ferns in 3 or 4-inch pots, by which we
might see how many more kinds might be made
pets of by cultivators, besides the stock kinds
everybody is rushing to grow. Woodwardia
orientalis, Notholaena sinuata, and Adiantum his-
pidulum are evidently kinds worth looking after.

Cut flowers in the shape of designs, and table,
wedding, and funeral ornaments were abundant,
though with little that we can note by way of
novelty. A church made of flowers by Graham
showed how useful the faded brown of the Hy-
drangea paniculata is in making stone walls.
H. D. Nesbit, and Sheafer's work told how useful
the leaves of European Ivy are still in making back-
ground in some styles of work; while for back-
ground work R. Scott & Sons use effectively the
Christmas ferns, Aspidium acrostichoides. Craig
Bros, are making good use of a small white
Dahlia named Guiding Star. It is not over two
inches across, and very double, and the same
firm use with admirable effect the darker China
asters, among maiden-hair fern. They had also
some good work made up of Geranium flowers,
and we should not be surprised to find some day
some one hitting on a combination that will make
Zonale Geraniums more popular than they are
now for cut flower work.

Pennock Bros, showed how beautifully the
Bennett Rose matched Niphetos for drooping
" drapery " in cut flower work. In cut roses there
were many fine exhibits, but no particular novel-
ties. In Charles F. Evans' set there were flowers
of American Beauty that measured 5 inches
across, and were quite double when expanded.
The two names are superfluous, and probably the
" Beauty" is all it will get in the busy haunts of
trade. The Bennett in this collection was nearly
single when full blown, but this does not detract
from its great beauty in the bud, and " buds" are
all a rose lover wants.

The collections of miscellaneous cut flowers ex-

352

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

hibited little new. Perhaps the re-appearance of
the good old coxcomb in Mr. Walter Cole's collec-
tion may be so termed. But the single Dahlias in
the collection of Fergusson's Sons were truly
grand. Nothing that has appeared for many
years has been so little over-praised as these.

Conrad Kirchner had a new seedling carnation
of some merit, but without a name. It was a light
salmon with a few flakes of darker tint here and
there.

In fruits there was a remarkable paucity for
this famous Society. The Globe peach on exhibi-
tion showed it to be much later than we supposed
when we had it first before us. A grand collec-
tion of hot-house grapes from David Allen, gar-
dener to R. M. Piatt, of Boston, made up however
for the absence of much that might be mediocre.
We are sorry that the weights or measurements of
the bunches were not displayed with the fruit.
The bunches had however nothing remarkable in
size to one who has seen a Pennsylvania exhibit
for many years, but the berries were remarkable
for size, and in a perfect and thorough ripening
we have rarely seen their equal. We do not re-
member anything so superb for many a long day.
Some much larger bunches were on exhibition
from Mr. G. Huster, gardener to Mrs. Heyl, and
from Mr. Duncan Rhind ; the latter had Black
Barbarossa, about 2 feet long by i wide. Fer-
gusson Sons had a very nice collection of hot-
house grapes, and we were reminded of the old
controversy as to the distinctness of Prince Albert
from Black Barbarossa by a bunch of each side
by side. The former has a somewhat looser bunch.
The February Meeting. — It should not be for-
gotten that silver and gold medals for the best
twelve and best six Hyacinths grown in glasses
by ladies only, will be awarded at the meeting of
Feb. 1 6, 1 886. One need not be a member of the
Society to be a competitor for these premiums.

New York Horticultur.\l Society's Chrys-
anthemum Show. — This will be on the 4th, 5th
and 6th of November, in Horticultural Hall, 26
West 28th Street. It is expected over 700 varie-
ties will be on exhibition, and one grower promises
to have a flower for inspection, 21 inches in cir-
cumference. Mr. Jas. Y. Murkland, 18 Cortlandt
St., is Secretary, and can give further particulars.

Massachusetts Horticultural Society. —
At the recent annual meeting for the election for
officers, Dr. Henry P. Wallcott was elected Presi-
dent for the ensuing year.

Judging by a newspaper slip kindly sent to us
by the Secretary, the fifty-seventh annual meeting
must have been one o( the most successful. The
list of premiums awarded alone occupies nearly
two columns of the newspaper. Among the pe-
culiarities of general interest we note the common
names of some rare greenhouse plants. The Devil
flower is Alaecia cristata. Baby flower is Odonto-
glossum grande, the lip looking like a young
child ; and the Dove plant, Peristeria elata.
These are Orchids from Mr. Ames' collection.
Two new foliage plants, Croton chelsoni, and
Alocasia Sanderiana, are produced, desirable aside
from their being novelties. They were from

David Allan, gardener to R. M. Pratt. The same
gentleman had a magnificent collection of hot-
house grapes, among which a white Syrian
weighed 6 lbs. i oz., and an Alnwick seedling
5 lbs. 5!< oz. In the collection of miscellaneous
cut flowers, the number is 1 mited to 100 kinds in
bottles. H. B. Watts had first premium for these,
James Cartwright second, and Edwin Sheppard
third. In Dahlias, the premium was awarded to
I Edwin Sheppard for the best single named variety,
but what th^t variety was, is not stated, nor
through the long list of premiums awarded can
we glean any information of quality or kinds that
would be very instructive to our readers.

In Pears, however, we note that Mr. John Mc-
! Clure's 12 specimens of Bartlett weighed 7 lbs. 3
' oz., 12 from Mrs. Mary Langmaid, 6 lbs. 12;^ oz. ;
the third premium to N. D. Harrington, 6 lbs.
11!^ oz. ; fourth to A. S. Mcintosh, 6 lbs. 9 oz.
The weights or peculiar excellencies of the ex-
hibits of others are not given.

Meetings of Local Horticultural Socie-
ties.— It has often been remarked that the mana-
gers of local horticultural meetings, make great
mistakes in getting some three-story, or other
room, in which refined and cultured people will
not assemble. The very best rooms in a town
should be engaged, and made attractive to the
best people, if horticulture is to have the best
patronage essential to its success. A strong point
was made of this by Mr. L. B. Pierce, of Dayton„
before the American Pomological Society, who-
favored meeting on the private grounds of some
patron of horticulture.

Chrysanthemums Shows. — The taste revivedi
during the past few years, for Chrysanthemum
growing, has been much fostered by the exhibi-
tions of the Massachusetts, New York and Penn-
sylvania Horticultural Societies. We should be
glad to aid and assist all of these bodies, but the
Secretaries seldom call our attention to their meet-

I ings until after we go to press, when of course too-

I late to make any note thereof

Only now in the last moment has our attention
been called to the meeting of the Pennsylvania
Horticultural Society which takes place on the
10th, nth, 12th and 13th of November. The
schedule of premiums foots up several hundreds
of dollars. A novel feature is a class for " sub-

[ scription fund " premiums. Only those can com-
pete here who deposit S20 ; and the ist premium
$100. We suppose if there be only one entry
here the Society pays $80.

Hallock Son & Thorpe offer $\o for the best
new seedling. If there is anything in a liberal
and very varied schedule of premiums, there will
be a grand exhibition on this occasion that it will
be well worth any one's while to see.

New Orleans Exposition. — This, which now
takes the name of North, Central, and South
American Exposition, will open on the loth of
November and continue till 31st of March. The
New Orleans people had excellent experience last
year, and the forthcoming exhibition is expected,
to exceed the past in many respects.

'/ \

THE

Gardeners' Monthly

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE. ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Editsd by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXVII.

DECEMBER, 1885.

Number 324.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Twenty-eight year? ago the Editor took pen
in hand to prepare the first number of the
Gardeners' Monthly. It has been a long term
of very hard but very pleasant work. Large
numbers of those who subscribed and read what
he then wrote have since gone to their long homes,
but the homes of those who have taken their places
are still to be made beautiful. The elements with
which we make beauty are ever new, so that we
not only have new readers, but have constantly
new things to say to them. But sometimes the old
will bear repetition. An old sermon is often as
profitable as a new one, and from what we see
around us it is worth repeating that thinning out at
this season should be the rule in every well-
ordered place. Trees and shrubs must be planted
thickly at first, or we have to wait half a life-time
for shelter or fine effect. A few should be taken
out every year. Sidewalk trees especially are
almost always too thick after some years. Where
the trees are not entirely taken away, judicious
pruning is an advantage. Branches should be cut
close to their source, so that the wound may heal
over. If the scar is large, paint it. The rotting
of wood after a branch is cut ofT often starts decay
in the whole tree. Weakly and weatherbeaten
evergreens are improved by pruning. But in

their case the leader must be cut at the same time,
even though we have to train up a side branch to
make another leader. Sometimes rare evergreens
raised from grafts or cuttings, show little dis-
position to make leaders, but they will do it if
severely pruned. Poor evergreens are improved
also by a top dressing of very rich manure. The
spruce family are great lovers of shelter. Where
winds are keen and cutting, pines should be em-
ployed. The White Austrian and Scotch are still
the most approved. For dwarf evergreens to
stand wind, nothing equals the dwarf mountain
pine. What is known in nurseries as Mugho
pine. Mountain, and Dwarf pine, are all forms of
one thing. Pinus Cembra is a beautiful plant for
cutting by windy situations, and intermediate in
growth between the dwarf and the larger pines.

Manure is good for lawns and flowers in beds
for the summer, and this should be remembered
at this season.

If not yet done, gather in the " bag-worms,"
especially from evergreen trees ; and where the
soft cottony cocoons of the Orgyia or " cotton cat-
erpillar" are sheltering on the rough bark of trees,
destroy the eggs with a hard brush. Birds are all
right to help keep down insects, but a little hard
labor is also excellent.

Variety is always pleasing, and at this season
study a little how to have differences from last

354

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

year at little cost. It is often as easy to have
change at a small expense, and as pleasing, as
when a large sum is involved.

It is a pleasure to note the progress of taste in
ornamental gardening. Railroads and public es-
tablishments were at one time the leading exem-
plifications of beastliness in their horticultural
surroundings ; now they often lead off in garden
beauty. Summer boarding-houses for fashionable
people were also until recently far back among
barbarians, but many of these now have beautiful
gardens and grounds. Altogether, we feel proud
of our twenty-eight years of labor; for surely we
must have had a hand in this progress.

COMMUNICATIONS.

A LADYS ROCK GARDEN. 1

BY MRS. J. S. R. THOMSON. I

My rockery, which I at one time believed could
not be excelled, was built with long, irregular moss-
covered gray boulders — so large that but one
could be hauled at a time — old stones that looked
as if they had weathered the storms of a century.
I have two large bay-windows to my two finest
drawing rooms. The house is full four feet from
ground, which gives me a brick foundation under
the bay-windows, eastern and western exposure.
Here, thought I, will I build a rockery, not like
masons build a stone fence, but irregular and
picturesque. I went about it heart and soul,
hauled my rock and soil, occasionally getting fine
specimen ferns, all native. When everything was
completely collected, 1 got three big strong negroes,
and crow bars, and went to work. First I took
my very biggest and roughest stones and made a
circle, conforming somewhat to shape of bay
window with them — d gging out deep holes to
sink a side of rock in to make steady. When that
was arranged to my satisfaction, I had the earth
dug deeply inside of a circle about two feet, and
fertilized exceedingly rich, knowing full well that
I would never again be able to do it, so I did it
well at first ; then threw in wagon-loads of soil.
Mind, this was a big rockery — bay-window is
large, and this was four feet larger outside — which
gives me a generous space to work on which
filled to almost top of lowest rocks, being fully
two feet. On this I began an inner circle, like
a terrace, of smaller rocks than for first course,
but still large, none smaller than a bushel measure.
When arranged, filled in with rich soil. Again in
centre, directly under middle window of the bay-

window, I hoisted my largest and choicest boulder,
leaning it up against the wood work of the house,
and then was ready to begin my planting. I took
my man servant, horse and wagon, baskets, and
went for our native plants, collected it full of
Sanguinaria, anemones, butter cups, wind flowers,
Osmundia regalis, Adiantum and other ferns, seven
varieties, I do not know name of, in every crackand
crevice where a plant would grow. 1 planted
Thrift, Sedums, Saxifraga, Lily of the Valley,
Violets, Lycopodiums, Mosses, and my feins and
a great many roots of Ampelopsis Veitchii, myrtle
or vinca. Oh ! my flower-loving friends ! that is
the only real picturesque spot in my vast yard. It
has been made for ten years, and every year the
stones have grown gayer and mossier, and more
attractive. Lily of the Valley is fairly outdoing
itself, ferns for every time 1 want them, Violets
that waft sweet perfume to our eager senses ; not
only every rock with delicate sprays of the Am-
pelopsis clinging to them, but it has left that and
gone on up the wood work of the bay-window —
between the sash— high up to the top of windows,
whence it clambers to other portions of the house.
It took two or three seasons to get well established,
and now "it's a thing of beauty and a joy forever,"
does not require much work to keep in order —
hand picking and a gentle forking amongst plants
with thick mulch in winter make it continue to be
beautiful to date. Spartanburg, S. C.

THE BEST NEW ROSES TO BE SENT OUT
NOVEMBER ist, 1885, IN FRANCE.

BY JEAN SISLEY.

Tea, Marquise de Vivens (Dubreuil).— Very
free bloomer ; beautifully shaped, large buds ;
very dark bright rose, edged yellowish white.
Outside of the petals white, slightly yellowish ;
semi-double, fine scent; only very fine in buds.

Tea, Comtesse de Frigneuse (Guillot). — Free
bloomer ; very fine shape, medium size ; nearly
full, fine scent ; very bright pure yellow ; very
fine buds. First rate.

Tea, Souvenir de Madame Helene Lambert
(Gonod). — Yellowish pink, centre darker ; medium
size, full, fine shape ; free bloomer. Sarmentous.

Tea, Souvenir de I'amiral Courbet (Fernet). —
Medium size, nearly full ; dark rose, free bloomer.
Not very vigorous.

Tea, Madame David (Pernet).— Vigorous,
flowers large ; nearly full, delicate rose, sometimes
shaded light salmon, edged white.

Tea, Edmond de Biduzat (Levet). — Flowers

1885.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

355

large, full, fine shape ; very light fleshy pink.
Very fine in bud.

Tea, Claudius Level (Level). — Very vigorous,
flowers large ; carmine rose, edged purple, centre
slightly yellowish. First-rate.

Tea, Marguerite Ramet (Level). — Vigorous,
flowers large, full, fine shape ; very fine vivid
rose ; centre lighter, slightly shaded, light car-
mine. Very fine bloomer.

Hybrid Perpetual, Rosieriste C4att7//j(Gonod).
— Flowers large, full globular; very fine shape;
bright light crimson ; free bloomer.

H. P., Souvenir de Victor Hugo (Pernet). —
Vigorous ; flowers large, nearly full globular ;
light brilliant rose ; very fine bloomer.

H. P., Clara Cochet (Lacharme). — Flowers
very large ; globular, full, very fine shape ; very
bright rose ; centre darker. Extra fine only in
dormant buds.

Dwarf Perpetual, Poly ant ha Floribunda (Du-
breuil). — Flowers size of those of Anne Marie de
Montravel ; very full, large trusses ; abundant
bloomer; delicate rose, shade white; very hardy
and bushy.

H. P., Polyantha Max: ^zw"'.?/- (Lacharme). —
Very vigorous, sarmentous. Flowers size of
those of H. Bon Hermosa, large for the species ;
bright dark cherry red, or vivid light crimson. Very
free bloomer. Splendid plant for an isolated
position, and has the advantage of throwing out
no suckers. Quite different from all the Poly-
antha. Monplaisir, Lyons, France.

account for the fact that trees planted near gas
pipes in streets so often die. The enclosing of gas
pipes in wider tubes having openings to the air,
through which currents could be maintained by
artificial means, has been recommended as a
remedy." This is similar to my suggestion oft"ered
about enclosing the pipes in some kind of cement.
Openings could be left to the surface in the same
manner, by insertion in the cement of short
lengths of pipes. There is no doubt where the
soil has been once impregnated with the gas, it is
fatal to vegetation, and its renewal for a large
space around will be necessary to ensure success
after this precaution is taken ; and, perhaps, if your
complainant will remove as much of the soil as he
possibly can, and renew it, he may yet save his
trees. Sup't Gov't Grounds, Canada.

INJURY TO ROOTS FROM COAL GAS.
BY N. ROBERTSON.

Since sending you my experience with gas on
roots of trees, I have come across the following ar-
ticle in the Gardeners' Magazine, which some of
your readers may not see. It says : " Cuttings of
willows, the lower ends of which were placed in
flasks containing a little water and filled with coal
gas, developed only short roots, and the buds on
the upper part died shortly after unfolding in the
air. Of ten plants in pots, amongst the roots of
which coal gas was conducted through openings
in the bottom of the pots, seven died in four
months. To show that the plants were killed, not
by the direct action of the gas, but in consequence
of the poisoning of the soil, several were made with
earth through which coal gas had passed for two
or three hours daily for two and a half years. The
rootlets of seeds sown in this soil remained very
short and soon rotted. These results sufficiently

SOUTHERN-GROWN ROSES.

BY CHARLES HENDERSON.

Mr. A. Oelschig, of Savannah, Ga., in the
November number of The Monthly, takes ex-
ception to some remarks I made at Cincinnati in
regard to Southern-grown roses. The remarks in
question, which were made in a private conver-
sation, and not to the Society, were simply a
relation of our experience with one thousand
plants which we received from Savannah in the
early part of December, 1884. They were all
Hybrid Perpetuals of the following kinds: Baroness
Rothschild, Magna Charta, John Hopper, Paul
Neron, Jules Morgottin, and several other similar
varieties. They were large, fine looking plants,
averaging three to four shoots each, which were
apparently fairly well ripened. We potted them,
and placed them in a cold sunken pit, alongside of
the same varieties of imported (English) stock, re-
ceived about the same time. The conditions
under which they were situated were thus exactly
the same, and they had a fair comparative test.
About Februnry 1st the Southern plants began to
turn black at the ends of the shoots, and the
blackening extended down the shoots to the crown
as the season advanced. Before we got through
fully one-half of the thousand plants proved a
total loss, and many of the others were injured.
Some few seemed all right. In the same frame,
and under precisely the same conditions, the
English stock wintered splendidly, and we did
not lose one plant in a hundred. There was no
mistake made in the handling of them, as we
have grown roses in those same pits with unvary-
ing success for the last ten years. One of our

356

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

the fact will be quickly found out, and they will
come to the front at once.

Jersey City Heights, N. J., Nov. 2, 1885.

PROTECTING ROSES IN WINTER.

BV M. L. HIGGINS.

largest cut flower growers in this vicinity, who re-
ceived some of the same stock at the same time
from the same source, had a similar experience to
ours, or very nearly as bad, his loss being about
one-third. Mr. Oelschig, in his article, states that
the roses in his State are in vigorous growth and
full bloom as late as the end of October. Now,
with this condition of affairs, I fail to see how a 1 My rose plants are in straight rows, four feet
thorough ripening of the whole plant, root and apart, and three feet apart in the rows. Before it
top, can be achieved so as to be fit for delivery by is time to cover them for winter (which is usually
December 1st, and later than this would not do for from the loth to the 15th of November), and
us Northern florists. All experienced growers while the plants are free from frost, I bend them
know that a " ripened " condition of the whole , down near the ground in the direction of the rows
plant is necessary with Hybrid Perpetual roses and fasten' them there. I then place a row of
lifted from the ground before they are in perfect 1 boards about eighteen inches wide

(mme were
made of three six inches wide fence boards) on
each side of the rows, and nine or ten inches from
the plants, thus, | | and let them stand until I
wish to close them for winter. I have a lot of
leaves gathered and in a dry place, and after the

condition. I do not condemn the Southern-grown
roses sweepingly, for if the conditions of soil and
climate are such as to enable the plant to become
properly "ripened." then there is no reason why
the South should not compete with Europe in
roses from the open ground ; but unless they are ground has become frozen and winter liable to set
thoroughly ripened failure more or less is certain in, 1 put a good body of the dry leaves on the
to follow. It is just possible that these two lots of : plants, and bring the tops of the side boards to-
roses were injured by the roots getting dried ; gether thus, /\^. I then throw some cow manure
before they were packed in Savannah, or by heat- , between the rows, to be worked in in the spring ;
ine in the cases, but they showed no indications 1 but before putting on the manure I throw a little
of either, and hence we came to the conclusion dirt on the lower edges of the boards, then close
that it was an unripened condition of the root and up the ends of the rows with boards or dirt and

top a consequence of growing in a section of the I all will be well. If I fear danger from mice, I put

country where the needed rest of deciduous plants some poisoned meal into an old fruit can, and
could not be given, that did the mischief. It is a place it on its side among the plants. My roses
well-known fact, that in Florida and other ex- are planted where the snow does not blow off, but
treme Southern States, Hybrid Perpetuals, Mosses, drifts over them more or less, which of itself is a
and other deciduous roses are hardly ever seen in ' great protection. In the spring before it is time to
perfection, and in some sections dwindle and die ; remove the covering fully, I open the boards at
no doubt for the reason that there is never long ! the top, giving the plants air ; but, should a cold
enough continued low temperature to give them spell occur, it is but a few moments' work to close
the needed rest that all deciduous plants demand, the tops of the boards again, when all is safe.
Asparagus, rhubarb, peaches, apples, pears and Cared for in this way, I hardly ever lose a plant,
cherries refuse to give satisfactory returns when and they come out in the spring looking as fresh

grown in such a climate as Florida, for this reason.
Injustice to Mr. Oelschig, I would state that the
roses in question were not received from his
estabhshment, and possibly the shipment we re-
ceived last year may not have been a fair sample
of Southern-grown roses. I sincerely hope that
such is the case, as we are large importers of roses
each season, and would much prefer to buy home

and green as when put to bed in the fall.

Minneapolis, Minn.

SOME NEW

INTRODUCTIONS
YEAR.

OF THIS

BY N. ROBERTSON.

Geranium Madame Solleri is a new introduction
grown plants at the same price, for the reason that ; that may be well said to surpass any other of the
they arc grown on their own roots, which is cer- white-leaved kind in cultivation. This praise it
tainly an advantage. I do not think that the surely deserves, and anyone wanting a plant for
trial Mr. Oelschig suggests would be satisfactory ribbon work, or borders for large beds, will find
or final, or that it is at all necessary; for, if few plants equal to it for such a purpose. Its
Southern-grown roses are equal to imported stock, , habit of growth resembles none of the other sorts.

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

357

With me it has grown on a high dry soil, one
foot through and about ten inches high. Every
plant is about the same height, most dense and
■compact ; though the margin of the leaf is not
marked by so much white as many of the others,
it has shown with rne a large quantity of them
entirely white, which gives it a most distinct and
unique appearance. Besides this, its constitution
is much stronger than any of the other varieties,
and the manner in which it grows, throwing up all
its stems from the bottom, makes it easy of pro-
pagation. I can now find plants with as many as
thirty or more short stems, nearly all rooted,
ready- made cuttings, quite short. The leaf stems
are long, but stand quite upright. How it flowers I
■cannot tell, as none of mine have shown any dis-
position to do so. I am afraid anyone purchasing
it for such a purpose would be disappointed ; but as
a foliage plant, 1 feel sure all will be well satisfied.

King Olga is another one that will surely super-
sede the long favored pink Master Christine. Its
show of flowers may not be so great, but it has the
advantage of more compact and durable flowers,
which last a long time. Master Christine I con-
sider almost worthless as a bedder, from the short
time its flowers last when outside, and the ragged-
looking appearance it always has in its flowers.
It is very well inside, but this one is sure to_take its
place for both purposes.

Anyone wantmg a set of really good double Gera-
niums, cannot do better than to get P. Henderson's
set. For this season they are, without exception, ex-
tremely fine, and well worthy of every recommenda-
tion that can be bestowed on them. Their varied
shades of color are rare and very fine.

And I cannot pass over Zirngiebel's new type
of asters ; his Pearl White, for pureness of white
and compact globular form, surpasses anything
I have ever seen in asters, and is really beautiful.
His lively rose is also an extremely delicate one
in its tints. Hardly so fine in shape as the other,
it is, however, greatly to be admired. I have a
bed of them this season, but expecting that they
would both grow the same height, 1 filled the
centre with the rose ; but now find that the white
grows considerably the highest. If 1 had been
fortunate enough to have planted the white in the
centre of the bed, it would have been still more
effective. As it is, those who see it will long re-
member it. Asters when used in a bed should be
planted closely, so as to cover the soil and thereby
retain moisture as long as possible. Those two
are fine bushy upright growers, with a great show
of flower.

I certainly must congratulate the introducers of
this truly new fine strain of asters, which must
supersede all others, and I hope they will soon be
able to give us all the varied colors found amongst
asters.

I obtained my seeds from R. & 1. Farquhar,
Boston. Parties are often afraid to purchase new
introductions, as so many inferior things are put
on the market with high recommendations, but
often worthless ; but 1 am sure that none will be
disappointed with those things I have mentioned.
Sup't Gov't Grounds, Canada.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Stephanotis as a Cut Flower. — This is
the choicest of all for cut flower work in early
spring, and large houses entirely devoted to it are
common. Hawkins & Bennett, of Twickenham,
have one house looxio feet given up to it. It is
trained under the roof like grape vines.

Yellow Hybrid Perpetual Rose. — Great
eft'orts have been made by Rosarians to get a
yellow hybrid perpetual, but without success.
Gloire Lyonaise was advertised as such, but is said
to be but a poor yellow, and with too much of
Madam Falcot, one of its parents, to permit it to
be classed as a pure hybrid perpetual.

Ilex cornuta. — The beautiful Chinese Holly
has been in America for a quarter of a century,
but we seldom see it. It is from Northern China,
and is said to stand the winter perfectly in the
north of Germany.

Syringa Japonica — is an arborescent species,
and indicates a good addition to the larger class of
our hardy kinds.

Syringa ligustrina. — This is another strongly
arborescent species, of which we have seen flowers
for the first time this year. It has the virgate
habit of Forsythea suspensa, and the leaves also
have some resemblance to the entire leaved condi-
tion of that plant. The flowers are sweet, like
large bunches of privet flowers.

A New Spruce, Picea Breweriana. — Mr.
Sereno Watson thus describes a new Californian
Conifer: Branches slender, often elongated and
pendant, puberulent ; leaves 5 to 12 lines long,
Y2 to nearly I line wide, strictly sessile upon the
slender base, obtuse, smooth and rounded or
slightly carinate above, stomatose beneath on each
side of the slightly prominent mid-nerve; cones
3 inches long, narrowly cylindrical, attenuate at
base ; bracts linear-oblong (2 inches long), a

358

THE GARDENERS" MONTHLY

[December,

fourth of the length of the puberulent scale, which
is obovate, with the rounded thickish summit en-
tire ; seed l}4 lines long, the wing 4 lines long by
2^ broad. This unusually distinct species has
been found (by Thomas Howell, in June, 1884),
only at high elevations in the Siskiyow Mountains,
California and on the head waters of the Illinois
river, in rather dry rocky ground. It grows to a
height of from 100 to 150 feet, and a diameter of I
to 3 feet. Bark reddish. The specific name is
given in compliment to Professor W. H. Brewer,
who in connection with the California State Geo-
logical Survey had so much to do with the botany
of the State, both in the field, and in the after dis-
posal of the collections of the Survey. As he
took special interest in the trees of the coast, and
collected a large amount of material for their study,
it is fitting thus to connect his name with the forest i
trees of California. — Pfoc. c^ the Amer. Acad.,
1884. p. 378.

Cedrela Sinensis — is the only member of a
genus of large trees which is hardy in this country.
Jamaica or West Indian Cedar is furnished by C.
odorata, which is cultivated in stoves or green-
houses in this country ; and the timber of C. Toona,
largely used in Australia and India for furniture
and general ornamental work, is also grown in
England under similar conditions. At Kew, how- J
ever, C. sinensis seems as hardy as the Ailantus i
glandulosus, which it much resembles in general
aspect. It was introduced from China to the
Jardin des Plantes, at Paris, rather more than a
score of years ago, and for a long time was known
in nurseries under the name of Ailantus flavescens.
It, however, does not possess the strongly disa-
greeable odor of the foliage of the Ailantus, and
the whole plant has a yellower hue. The roots,
too, are red and not white, as in the Ailantus.
Like that, it is readily propagated by means of
root cuttings, and, in rapidity of growth and
general adaptability for decorative purposes it
seems likely to rival the Ailantus. — Garden.

The Fastigiate Birch (Betula alba var. fas-
tigiata) — should find a place in every park and in
every collection of ornamental deciduous trees.
It is the exact counterpart among the birches of
the Cypress oak among the oaks. In addition to
the peculiarity of its columnar habit of growth, it
has the merit of retaining its dark green foliage
much longer than any other variety of our native
birch, and indeed longer than perhaps any other
cultivated species. I am at present ignorant of
the history or origin of this interesting tree ; it is in

all probability a somewhat recent sport ; at any
rate, it was unknown to Loudon. — Garden.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Disbranching of Norway Spruce in Winter.
— A correspondent says : "I asked Prof. Charles
S. Sargent how he explained the trimming of the
Norway spruce, about which I have previously
written, and he thinks the ends of the twigs are so
brittle in very cold weather, that a high wind may
have broken them off. Each man has some new
theory. I will look after the matter, as I can, the
coming winter."

[We feel, as before stated, that though we have
had to admit that squirrels do cut off some
branchlets, all the facts show the impossibility of
their being responsible for all. And we incline to
the opinion that this suggestion is a very reason-
able one.— Ed. G. M.]

Crocking or Draining Pots. — "J. B.," Fred-
ericton, N. B., writes: "I think Mr. Henderson
has no greater admirer of his business tact and
capabilities, than I in my humble way ; but I
was both amused and surprised to find in un-
packing a box of plants, &c., from his establish-
ment, the Bennett roses and American Beauty in
3-inch pots, crocked in English style, with one
larger one and a lot of small ones at top. Per-
haps, after all, Mr. H. has adopted the John Bull
fashion in any little rarities."

[In a personal note our correspondent leaves
it "to the Editor's judgment not to publish this
paragraph, if thought to be of too personal a
nature, or in any way be deemed offensive to
Mr. H., for whom he has the highest regard."

We think we can answer for Mr. Henderson,
that he is not one to desire to suppress any one's
inquiries — that he is only too happy to have in.
quiries, and to answer them.

And in a general way we might add that it is no
proof, that because there is a " crock " in a small
pot, that the proprietor would advocate it. In all
large establishments it is the interest of the pro-
prietor to lead men to think for themselves, and in
some measure to feel responsibility for success.
They have then to be allowed, in matters of no
great consequence, to practice what the pro-
prietor himself would not do. In the establish-
ments of which the Editor is the head, this is of
continual occurrence.

There are numerous losses from allowing men
to have their own way ; but much less than when

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

359

men are mere machines, and are expected " to do
just what they are told and not to think." We
should regard crocking very small pots as a waste
of time, but as it would not be any detriment to
the plant, might tolerate it, if the foreman in im-
mediate control desired to follow the practice.

Plants in larger pots we should assist by
" drainage " in the rapid escape of water through
the hole at the bottom of the pot — in small pots, if
porous, the moisture easily escapes as a general
thing. But Mr. Henderson may prefer to have
his own say. — Ed. G. I\I.]

Black Fly on Chrysanthemums. — " M."
says: Persian insect powder dusted on the plants
will kill the black bug or aphis that so often infests
chrysanthemums."

Double Stocks. — " Mrs. Theodosia B. S.,"
San Buena Ventura, Cal, asks : " Will you kindly
inform me through the columns of the Gardeners'
Monthly, why pot grown seeds of Stocks are
superior to those grown in the open ground ?
Stocks grow to the greatest perfection here (where
we never have frost) and seed well. I raise several
varieties of the seeds, in different colors. I have
difficulty in disposing of them to florists, as they
all wish pot-grown seeds. As the flowers of
double stocks are barren, so they cannot be used
in hybridizing. I cannot see why pot-grown
seeds are superior to open ground seed.

" Henderson says in his ■ Hand-book of Plants ;'
All that is necessary to have plenty of double
flowers in stocks is, to have seed from strong
vigorous single plants. I have found from ex-
perience that he is correct, nothing could be finer
than our stocks from open ground seed. Yet it
seems impossible to convince florists east of this.

" I will be greatly obliged if you will give me
the desired information."

[To answer our correspondent's questions
clearly, we shall have to go over some scattered
ground. It will require close attention ; but the
reader will be repaid by a full knowledge of the
whole subject.

First, we must remember that plants do not
flower at all until there has been some check to
the vegetative force. If the tree grows very
vigorously, we have to root prune it, or in some
other way injure or check the,growing force. We
put this in another form of expression, and we say
— the intensity of the reproductive or seed-bearing
force is inversely with the plant's hold on life.

Secondly, we may remember, that a flower is
made up of metamorphosed leaves. The calyx is

an organ, but little removed from a leaf; the
corolla is formed from leaves still further ad-
vanced. Stamens are leaves, and pistils the
organs more particularly related to reproduction,
are leaves quite distantly removed.

Thirdly, a double flower is one that has not
advanced towards the reproductive stage further
than to form petals, with perhaps a few stamens,
and makes no seed.

We see from all, that a double flower is the
product of a plant, or a portion of a plant, that
has had its vegetative powers but slightly checked.
This has been actually tested by experiment, by
the present writer, and an account formed one of
his earliest scientific papers, now getting on to
near a half century ago. A large number of
plants of the six-week stocks were taken, and a
few seed vessels from the first flowers, when the
plant had barely passed its vegetative state, wera
taken ; and separately were taken seed from the
last flowers on the secondary branches, and when
the plant was about to die. The result was the
production of nearly all double flowers in the first
lot, and single flowers in the second.

We now sum up all in the following conclusion :
High vegetative vigor is unfavorable to the
production of single flowers.

Carrying this to the direct question of our cor-
respondent, it will not matter so much whether
plants are pot-grown or not, except in so far as
this may aid or assist vegetative vigor. In some
parts of the world first-class pot-culture would aid
vegetative vigor, and then a good portion of
double flowers would certainly result. And it is
no doubt from this experience that florists have
learned to look on pot culture as the necessary
means to a good strain of double flowers. Plants
left to out-door chances, would be much more
likely to have vegetative vigor impaired, and
produce strains of single flowers.

But anyone can see that it is possible to feed
well, and get a plant to live vigorously in the
open ground ; and, on the other hand, to border
on starvation in a pot under glass ; and if this
were the rule, the great run would be against, and
not in favor of, pot-grown plants.

No doubt, if this lady perseveres, she will be
able to show that her out-door seed is just as good
for double flowers as that raised under glass.

We have gone into the subject at some length
here, because it concerns not only the production
of double stocks, but also because the answer to
her questions affects the whole range of practical
horticulture.

36o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

Greenhouse and House Gardening,

SEASONABLE HINTS.

What are known as Dutch bulbs, need no re-
commendation from us as being plants particu-
larly adapted to window culture. These are
Hyacinths, Tulips, and Crocuses chiefly. But
the class of Cape bulbs are no less desirable,
though seldom seen. The Amaryllis especially, is
a good window plant, and there are now so many
species and varieties, that some may be had in
flower all the winter through.

A few years ago a good lady, fond of plants,
and a good gardener besides, called the writer in-
to her very successful little greenhouse, and some
what in this wise did she lecture him : " I don't
know that you have so written it, but all the books
I get hold of tell me never to keep saucers of
water standing under the pots — now what do you
think of these plants ?" They certainly were
charming specimens of robust health, rivaling the
lady herself in this respect — and the writer re-
ceived a smiling acknowledgment of the compli-
ment offered. " Now, you see, 1 keep a saucer
under each pot, and I always have water in the
saucer. In the winter when 1 want the plants to
look fresh and green, I put a little guano, or some
other rich food, in the saucers, and sometimes 1
put water quite hot. And yet you — pardon me —
your writing class positively condemn the prac-
tice." And when we come to think of it, why
should we condemn saucers under pot plants, and
water in the saucers ? As the lady says, authors
do condemn the practice, but, after all, why ? A
plant with all its roots in water will not thrive un-
less it is an aquatic plant. Hence water must run
rapidly away from the upper portion of the roots.
What is called the drainage is to accomplish this,
and so long as the water runs rapidly through the
earth into the saucer, it is all good culture re-
quires.

Plant growers have much tiojble from insects,
the little diminutive red spiderespecially, the work
of which is often not known until the injury is
done. It can readily be detected by a small
pocket lens, which every plant grower ought to
have. For a few plants in a window an occasional
sponging of the leaves with water in which a
little tobacco has been decocted is about the best
thing. In a plant cabinet, tobacco dujt — snuff —

scattered over damp leaves, is very good, but it
does not reach the under surface of leaves.
Water heated to 130° is very effectual, and an oc-
casional syringing at this temperature will keep
down all insects, and is much preferable to the
filthy smoke and horrible compounds so often
recommended.

COMMUNICATIONS.

CARNATION, PRES. DEGRAW — ITS FAULT,
—THE REMEDY.

BY ERNEST WALKER.

It is well-known that the tendency of the Pres.
Degraw carnation to split the calyx in opening —
thus spoiling the form of the flower — greatly de-
tracts from its value for winter forcing. For
some time we have been inquisitive as to the
nature of the trouble, and whether or not any pe-
culiar treatment would remedy the evil.

Last winter we had among other carnations,
planted on the benches in the greenhouses, several
hundred Pres. Degraw. While the buds were
forming, and until they commenced opening, the
soil on the bench had been kept properly moist,
and the plants urged to the production of
as many buds as possible. They budded and
bloomed bountifully, but the flowers, as usual,
manifested their old fault— splitting the calyx
as they opened ; evidently resulting from the
thinness of the calyx and its crispness, for
which reason they are unable to withstand
the pressure of the crowded corolla as it
expands. At this stage — for the purpose of re-
ducing vegetative vigor, and to toughen the calyx
1 — we kept the soil in which about half of them
j grew, dry ; and withheld water from the roots as
I long as possible, though the tops were frequently
! syringed. The other plants were treated as usual.
Then we awaited the result of the experiment,
which was: The flowers on those plants which
had been watered as usual while opening, kept
bursting the calyx. Those growing on the plants
in the soil that had been kept dry as the flowers
bloomed out, were symmetrical, and their form no
longer marred by the ruptured calyx.

A'fui Albany. Ind.. Oct. 12II1. 1S85.
[We may add to this excellent communication,

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

361

that, in our opinion, it is a general fault with car-
nation growers, to give more water in winter than
is good for them. — Ed. G. M.]

CHOROZEMA CORDATA.
BY CHARLES E. P,\RNELL.

The heart-shaped leaved Chorozema, C. cor-
data, is a very pretty dwarf evergreen greenhouse
plant, belonging to the natural order Fabaceje. It
is a plant of rapid growth, having numerous erect
stems and slender spreading woody b'^anches, and
sessile cordate spinose leaves, and the deep red and
yellow spotted (at base) are produced in terminal
and axillary panicles, which are generally desti-
tute of leaves. When well grown the leading
shoots of this plant produce from ten to fifteen in-
dividual flowers on the terminal, and a lesser
number on the axillary spikes. Its flowering
season is from January to March. It is a plant of
rapid growth, the leading shoots increasing at the
rate of two feet every season, and the plants bloom
when only six inches in height, and when well
grown the plants attain a height of from five to six
feet, if given plenty of pot room.

This Chorozema is a plant easily cultivated,
doing best in a compost of two thirds well-rotted
sods and one-third well-decayed manure, with
the addition of a little sharp sand. Be care-
ful to drain the pots well, and avoid using too
large pots. In winter give, if possible, a light
sunny situation, with an average temperature of
50° to 55'^. Water should be carefully given
during the autumn and early winter months, as the
plants are then in a partially dormant state, but
during its season of growth and flowering give a
liberal supply. During the summer season the
plants can be planted out in a deep, well-enriched
border where they can be well cared for, water
being liberally supplied at all times. They should
be taken up and potted early in September; when
potled, water thoroughly, and place in any shaded
situation for several days, until they have taken
hold of the soil. Propagation is effected by cut-
tings, which should be put in early in February,
and when rooted, potted off into small-sized pots,
and grown on until the weather becomes settled,
when they can be planted outside and given the
treatment advised for older plants. In order to
propagate this plant, some experience as well as
the aid of a greenhouse is necessary, so that it is pre-
ferable for amateurs to purchase a plant or so, as
they can be cheaply obtained of any of our leading
florists. The only insect that I have ever noticed

on this Chorozema is the red spider, so that in or-
der to keep this pest in check, it is necessary to
syringe them occasionally, and an occasional
sponging of the leaves is also very beneficial.

The generic name is derived from "choros"
a dance, and " zema " a drink, and the specific in
allusion to the shape of the leaves. The Choro-
zemas were first discovered in Western Australia,
by Labillardiere, a botanist attached to an expe-
dition sent out by the French government in
search of the lost La Perouse. On one of these
excursions into the mterior of the country the
party suft'ered severely for the want of water, and
at last, when all but perished, they met with
springs surrounded by these beautiful plants, that
furnished an abundant supply of water. From
this fact the plant was named, in allusion to the
joyful feelings of the party in meeting with an
ample supply of water. Queens, N. Y.

THE PREDISPOSING CAUSES OF MILDEW.
BY A. VEITCH.

It seems to be the mission of a large class of
fungi to act the part of scavengers in Nature, as
they hasten the decomposition of dead and decay-
ing organisms, which otherwise might taint the
atmosphere and breed disease. There are others
again which do not subsist upon lifeless bodies,
but upon those which are alive and in health ; and
these the cultivator has the most to dread, as they
do much harm to his crops, and in some cases
utterly destroy them.

Perhaps no relief from their ravages could be
gained in knowing whether plants that are per-
fectly healthy are as liable to be attacked as those
with impaired vitality ; but, as the subject is an
interesting one, and as much diversity of opinion
exists thereon, some satisfaction would be afforded
in knowing the exact state of the case.

Those who believe that disease, or, at least, a
low state of vitality, invariably precedes mildew,
support their views by saying that in the case of
rose bushes under glass being affected it is be-
cause of currents of cold air passing through the
house, too much or too little moisture in the soil
j or in the atmosphere, or sudden and important
changes of temperature, which affect the con-
structive energies of the plants, thus bringing
them into a fit condition to be preyed upon ; all of
which may be true, and no careful cultivator but
will guard against all such contingencies. It
seems, nevertheless, a one-sided view of a complex
subject, and affords no satisfactory solution of

362

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[Decemter,

phenomena frequently observed both in in-door Park, South Kensington, &c., where magnificent

and outdoor culture. specimens of this plant are every year exhibited,

Last season, and after a rather protracted period can scarcely form a conception of the dimensions

of drouth, it rained more or less for several days it attains in England, under a system of culture

in succession, when quite a number of rose-bushes which is perfectly well-known and understood

under glass showed unmistakable signs of mildew.
But in this case the change in the weather was as
favorable for the plants as it proved to be for the
mildew. And I remember a somewhat similar
case that occurred several years ago in a house of

there.

k is not uncommon to see mignonette, trained
in pyramids or other like shapes, measuring three
to six feet in height, and this is none other than
the common mignonette, grown in our gardens as
young grape-vines, which continued in vigorous ' an annual, which when left to itselt never exceeds
growth from spring until August, when they were | a foot or two in height at the most.

suddenly attacked by the parasite then known as
Oidium Tuckerii, the result of which was. that the
foliage which gave promise of performing its
work satisfactorily until the close of the season,
was wholly destroyed in a day or two. And, also.

The arborescent character of the plant is the
result of the mode of culture pursued and treat-
ment it receives, not of any difference in species.
It is true that by long-continued culture and as-
siduous care in the selection of the healthiest and

it must be in the recollection of many how that, ' finest seeds, plants are obtained which diverge
some forty years ago, whole fields of potatoes in ! slightly in point of size and vigor from the ordin-
the very bloom of heahh were utterly destroyed , ary type, but they are not more arborescent than
in a few hours by one of the most destructive I is the latter.

The following will be found the inost advantage-
ous method of growing tree mignonette. In Apri'
or May, take some pots about five inches across,
and in each put three, four, or five seeds, and set
the pots on a hotbed, or on a shelf in the hot-
house close to the light. The best compost is
good light loam mixed with about a quarter of its
volume of well-rotied dung, so as to form a black
mould, to which is added a certain proportion of
wood charcoal, and, if procurable, a little builder's
rubbish or broken plaster. The whole should be
well mixed and allowed to settle so as to drain
thoroughly. As soon as the plants are big enough
to distinguish which of them is likely to attain the
state in which alone they can afford due nourish- i largest size, the latter is retained, and the rest
ment. I believe rather that, like seeds of higher j P""ed up. As the roots grow and touch the sides
grade, these minute bodies require a combination ! o( the pot, the plant is shifted from time to time
of favoring circumstances for their development ] '"to larger-sized pots. Care should be taken to tie
and growth, some of which seem to be, special j o"t 'he P'ants as they grow, and to pinch out all
conditions of light, heat and moisture, and when I blooms as soon as they show themselves. The
these exist mildew will show itself suddenly and equilibrium of growth sliould be carefully watched.

parasites of which we have any knowledge, and
one which, instead of selecting as its victims
plants that were weak and sickly, chose rather
those that were strong and in health.

From these and similar examples no evidence
can be educed in support of the very popular
belief that debility must precede the attacks of
fungi. On the contrary, the evidence is strong
that when circumstances favor the germination of
the spores, they can derive support from congenial
plants whether they are in sickness or in health.
And I cannot believe that spores alighting upon
healthy plants will remain at rest or perish, unless
adverse influences have toned them down to a

before any material change can take place to
weaken the plants upon which it feeds.

A'ew Haven, Conn., Oct. jo, jSSs-

EDITORIAL NOTES.

and any branches showing a disposition to outgrow
their neighbors should be stopped by pinching.

As the season advances and the sun gets more

powerful, the plants are put in a more shady place-

with a good moist temperature, as in a deep frame

or a glass-house with a northerly aspect. If they

were left in a dry atmosphere exposed to the sun,

Culture of Tree Mignonette in England, the wood would set, the growth would be checked,

-Those who have not yet had an opportunity of and the plant would blossom at once. Care

visiting the horticultural establishments in the should be taken that the growth does not receive

neighborhood of London, or the great flower shows, I a check. In August or September the plants are

such as are held at the Crystal Palace, the Regent's I allowed to flower, if intended for autumnal or

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

363

winter shows. If very large specimens are desired,
the largest and finest plants should be pricked out
singly, when about thirty inches high, in large-sized
pots in the compost above described. Cow-dung
should be mixed with the latter, unless it be given
mixed with water, at successional waterings, which
is a better plan. The best method of all is to set
out the plants as standards in a border in a green-
house, in a compost of the same kind as that used
in pots. The plants should only be allowed to
bear a few flowers during the first winter, attention
being paid chiefly to putting them into shape by
pinching and tying out. To form tall standards,
a single stem only should be left and all shoots
stopped at the third leaf. The fourth or fifth up-
permost shoots, choosing those which are closest
together, are kept on to form the head. They are
pinched out to make them ramify, and the shoots
are tied out to a frame of iron wire or wicker-work.
When the plants are raised in pots, shifting should
be discontinued as soon as flowering commences.
— M. Oscar Cus, Diplomate of the School of Horti-
culture at Gendbrugge, Belgium.

The Red Spider. — According to the Country
Gentleman, at the meeting of the Society of
American Florists, " C. L. Allen, who has had much
successful experience in the cultivation of orna-
mental plants, said that the red spider is a small
and beautiful insect, and as it is customary with
many to abuse and misuse the weak, this insect
has come in for its full share. Like other spiders,
this is carnivorous, and never ate a plant in its life,
and he regarded it as a friend and not a foe. A
healthy condition of plants from care in watering,
repels the minute destroyers the red spider feeds
on, and thus drives it away."

Surely Mr. Allen has been mis reported. The
cheese mite is " like other spiders " in being one
of the web-weavers or arachnideas, but surely it
eats cheese and is not carnivorous.

Seedling Ferns. — If you want Ferns to luxu-
riate, and seedlings to spring up by hundreds, you
must keep the water-pot in use winter and sum-
mer ; the very life of Ferns is water, as anyone
may prove by the luxuriance of our hardy native
Ferns, as well as the great variety that are natura-
lized in localities where the moisture is excessive,
and their almost total absence in dry, arid dis-
tricts. Look at the healthy, luxuriant specimens
that one finds hanging to the bricks or stones at
the top of wells, where they are daily drenched
with water winter and summer, and compare them
with the same varieties under a glass roof where
the water-pot and hose are put by for months dur-
ing winter. I know many very successful ama-

teur Fern cultivators who keep their plants in ro-
bust health with but very limited accommodation,
for, unlike flowering plants, they do not require
strong light, but do best in the shade ; and as to
soil, they will grow in nearly any kind if the drain-
age is good, and when this is perfect they can
hardly be overdone with water. To anyone anx-
ious to try the raising of seedling Ferns who may
not have a glass-house of their own, I would ad-
vise the half-filling of a shallow box with rough,
porous material with a little fine soil worked
amongst it, and on this lay any old Fern fronds
that have the seed-spores visible on the backs of
them. Keep constantly moist by means of a very
fine rosed water-pot or syringe, and cover with a
large sheet of glass to prevent evaporation, set in
any warm position, and await the result ; if suc-
cessful, the surface-soil will soon be covered with
green scale-like growths, and then the various
forms of leaves will spring up ; let them make
two or three good leaves, and then carefully lift
with all the roots that can be got, and pot in 3-
inch pots in light, sandy soil. A mixture of turf
that is partly decayed, peat, and sand, will grow
any of the ordmary kind of Ferns to perfection. —
Gardening Illustrated.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Palms for a. S.mall Conservatory. — " Mrs.
J. G. M," Buffalo, N. Y., says: " I write to ask if
you, or some correspondent of the Gardeners'
Monthly, can tell me what is the reason my lilacs
do not grow. 1 have two, one purple and one
white, in different parts of the grounds. All other
shrubs, such as syringas, deutzias, Forsythias,
etc., do well, but the lilacs do not. If they need
any particular kind of food or care I should be
glad to know it. This is the second summer. Also,
I would like to have some names of palms and
ferns, not too expensive, that will do well in the
house. I have a small conservatory, 9x5, and
want some ferns to stand low and fill up the centre
where there are no benches. I find it difficult to
keep this cool enough, and do not know either
ierns or palms well enough to choose such as will
endure what they must. The palms, growing
tall, would get more heat than the benches. Also,
what can I do with my chrysanthemums this
winter ? They have been in pots all summer,
and when they are done blooming our ground, I
fear, will be frozen. Can I keep them in pots ?

3^4

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

My cellar has furnace pipes all through it, and I
fear it is too hot. Would an attic do for storage
place ?

[We leave the list of many palms adapted to
house culture to some of our correspondents, as
requested ; but as the chrysantliemums must be
attended to at once, take occasion to say that they
will not do much in a cellar where there is
warmth much above freezing. They grow under
low temperature, and rest is desirable. A mode-
rate degree of frost will not huit them, and it
would be better to place them in a place where
there was just enough of frost to arrest growth,
than above. A barn or cold cellar would be
better than a warm cellar, and in the absence of
these a sheltered corner in the open ground, with
some protection to keep off extremes of cold. —
Ed. G. M.]

Spineless Cactuses. — "Amateur" writes: "I
notice in the September number ol the
G.iRDENERs' MoNTHLy Mr. Blanc's interesting
paper on Cactuses. In speaking of the Astro-

phytum he says he believes it to be the only
cactus without spines. I expect this was rather a
slip of the pen on the part of Mr. Blanc, because
in so large a collection as his he can scarcely fail
to have some of the Epiphyllum truncatums
which are without spines. Likewise, the common
Rhipsalis salicornioides, Pelecyphora aselliformis,
at least has no visible spines, if it has any at all.
Among my own small collection I have an
Echinocactus WiUiamsii, which is entirely devoid
of this usual characteristic — looking not unlike an
unripe tomato.

Soft Soap. — A Pittsburgh (Pa.) correspondent
asks : " Where can I procure soft soap for green-
house use in Philadelphia or elsewhere ? I cannot
get it in Pittsburgh fit to use ; nothing but rubbish.
Or is there a good recipe for a home-made article ?

[There are so many firms in Philadelphia who
supply this that we could not name one more
than another without being invidious. An appli-
cation to any one dealing in florists' supplies
ought to bring the article. ^Ed. G. M.]

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Very little can be done now in this department,
•except by way of preparation for another year.

Manure can be placed on the ground wherever
required, and asparagus beds, if not already
•done, should have a slight covering of it. Bean
poles, pea-brush, and stakes of all kinds should be
got now, the tool house gone over and put in
order, and everything kept in good order and
studiously in its place. Wlien the season of
operation commences, there will then be nothing
to hold back the attention.

If there is abundance of leaves or manure at
command, and small frames, beds may be put up
for early spring salads, at the end of the month.
Radi^hes and lettuces are, however, very im-
patient of too much heat; they will come on well
if the temperature be kept at 45°. When it goes
above that, the sashes should be lifted entirely off.
The same remarks apply to the potato and Early
Horn carrot.

For those who have time to do it, nothing pays
better than an annual washing of the stems of

fruit trees. It helps to keep the tree clear of dead
bark, and that is an advantage in itself, and then
it keeps away the shelter for insect eggs, and the
spores of injurious funguses. The old-fashioned
lime-wash with sulphur, and some soot or clay to
keep down the glare of the lime, is very good,
but if even this covering be objected to, there is
soft soap, potash, or any of the numerous articles
which have been found to be not injurious to the
tree itself. The mere wash is a benefit. Surface
manuring is also a benefit, and even here the ex-
act material is not such a very momentous ques-
tion. The leafy vegetable matter, with the sand of
roadside clearings, has been found to be very
beneficial. We have rarely seen a tree suffer
from too rich feeding when that food was applied
to the surface.

The pruning of fruit trees should have prompt
attention. Apple or pear seldom need more than
a thinning out of the weaker branches, except
when the growth is weak from insect attacks,
over-bearing, or poverty, or bad management.
Shortening in, so as to get a new, vigorous growth,
will then be a benefit. Just how much pruning

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

365

should be done, cannot be told outside of the or-
chard to be pruned. In the old times, we had
pictures and written sketches of just how to
prune a tree, which no one could follow, because
no two orchards will bear just the same treat-
ment. The grape can be brought nearer a gen-
eral rule — but, even here, little more can be said
than that we do not want to retain weak shoots,
and we do want the strong ones — we do not want
the whole length of the cane which we preserve,
but we shorten in proportion to its strength ; we
want always to keep our annual shoot as near the
ground, or as near the main stem, as possible, and,
therefore, in pruning, we study to so cut as to give
the lowest ones all the encouragement we consis-
tently can, keeping in view our desire to get a full
crop of fruit the coming season.

COMMUNICATIONS.

A PLEA FOR THE HOE.

BY RUSTICUS.

Of late there seems to have arisen a prejudice
against the hoe. I belong to the opposite party.
I know too well the advantages of a thorough use
of the hoe, to hold it in light esteem. Certain
agriculturists, who claim to be good farmers, I
doubt not, have announced themselves as above
using it. I think they do not "know it all," yet.
The hoe gets where larger implements can not.
With an intelligent man behind it, it does very ef-
fective work. I begin with it early in spring, and
keep at it until frost, and think I make it pay.

Let me give a little of my experience. Last
spring I planted some Everitt's yellow dent corn
among my new strawberry plantation, for shade,
and to use it as a winter protection. I purposely
planted it for hoe cultivation. Throughout the
season I plied my hoes faithfully. The corn grew
fourteen feet high, and bore twelve-inch ears ;
hard to beat with a plow, Mr. Editor. In my
gardens I cultivate more with the hoe than with the
plow and cultivator, and raise fine vegetables. I
hoed nearly all of my corn land. My Defiance corn
yields 126 bushels per acre — estimated, that is. I
waged war upon the weeds in that giant corn, hoe-
ing portions of it several times. The corn is turning
out remarkably well. I have never seen it sur-
passed. Do not abandon the hoe. This corn is
admired by all who see it. I cut 20 hills square
of it, 1% shocks, and shucked out I2'< bushels,
corn measure — 62 ears made a bushel. Ordinarily

it takes 100 to 120. I tested ten varieties of im-
proved field corn this year, using the hoe on
nearly all of it, believing as I do, that it adds to
the yield. It is generally thought so. My corn is
very fine, and much of it due, I hold, to the
hoeing.

Perhaps the Germans use the hoe more inde-
fatigably than any one, and see what gardeners
they are. I sometimes say they can make a for-
tune where another man would starve. There is,
perhaps, no other farm implement that can be
made to pulverize so well as the hoe. A loose,
disintegrated surface soil is one of the cardinal
points of good husbandry. There comes a time
when the gardens will not admit of the cultivator
and plow, from the spreading vegetation. But
the hoe can always be worked. When I dispense
with the former, I find abundant use for the hoe ;
indeed, would not consider I was gardening, were
I not to bring it into service. The continuous
loosening of the soil, especially after beating rains,
is of prime importance. This the hoe can do
throughout the season. After corn has been laid
by, weeds will appear, which should be destroyed
with the hoe. The most skilful cultivation does
not eradicate all the weeds in the hills of corn.
This the hoe can do, and should be made to do.
A vigorous use of the hoe this year has given me,
or at any rate, materially helped, corn fourteen
inches in length, and weighing over a pound and
a half; stalks fourteen feet high, blades over six
inches across. I say of the hoe, "multum in
parvo." An admirable improved hoe, is the hand
cultivator. I regard it as a decided advance.
It will do the work ot six to ten men, and as
effectually as the hoe. I find it invaluable.

Lexington, Ky.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Bark Insects on Fruit Trees.— The London
Garden says : " For destroying Moss or Lichen
on fruit trees, there is nothing better than lime
thinned to the consistency of whitewash, and
strained through a fine sieve or thin canvas to ex-
clude all rough sediment. It will then be ready
for applying to the trees either by means of a
syringe or garden engine. For the destruction of
scale and American blight I have tried many in-
secticides, but have found nothing better nor so
cheap as soft soap and paraffin oil prepared in the
following manner: to make four gallons of the
mixture, take half a pound of soap and half
a pint of paraffin ; place them in a bucket or

366

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

other suitable vessel, and add two to three quarts
of boiling water ; stir the mixture until the soap
is dissolved, and then add the remainder of the
water. This mixture may be applied by means
or a syringe in the following manner : Draw up a
syringcful and discharge it into the bucket, and
when the mixture is agitated draw up another and
apply it to the tree. As American blight winters
in the soil underneath the trees, it would be ad-
visable to have the soil removed from under af-
fected trees to a safe distance and burned, so as
to entirely eradicate the insect."

Grafting and Budding. — Mr. Spaulding
stated at the late meeting of American Nursery-
men, that for applying the wax in grafting, he
used fine cotton yarn soaked in hot wax. The
yarn is run on a big spool, and then thrown into
the hot wax and left until saturated. For budding
young trees in the nursery rows, and in order to
work low down, he has the earth removed from
the stocks immediately forward of the budders,
when the bark lifts easily ; but if the earth is re-
moved some hours before, the bark ceases to lift
freely. If the buds have been timely inserted,
the thickening of the sap by exposure causes them
to adhere better to the stock.

Russian Apples. — At the recent meeting of
the American Pomological Society, Prof. Budd
stated that tlie success anticipated from the intro-
duction of Russian apples had not been wholly
realized, and the attempts to improve the ordinary
race by crossing with the Siberian race were
equally unsatisfactory.

The Lawson Pear. — In some quarters where
a terrible racket was heard because we decided
that under the rules, Lawson would have to be
adopted as the name of this pear, we are now
told "it matters little what name is finally given
to this Pear." This conclusion is at least a hope-
ful sign of final recovery.

Good use for Bad Sparrovi's. — Mrs. Mary
H. Ramsey tells those who mourn over bad spar-
rows, through the Montgomery County, Ohio
Horticultural Society, that they should do as the
English do. Let us have sparrow pie for dinner,
and broiled sparrow for tea, and sparrow served
for the sick. They are easily caught by placing a
few twigs dipped in bird lime about their feeding
places. We might thus, at least, hold them in
check.

Olive Culture. — It is sometimes said that
Cotton seed oil is so often sold for Olive oil, and

is indeed as fully equal to Olive oil in the uses for
which Olive oil is used, that it does not pay to
grow the genuine article. But we understand
there is a grove at Cannon Point, Georgia, planted
a hundred years ago by the then United States
Minister to Spain, that last year yielded 200 gal-
lons of oil, selling at prices ranging from $2. 50 to
Sio a gallon, and is considered very profitable.

Pear Blight The point we made recently,

that scientific men who are aiding us by their re-
searches in discovering the causes of plant diseases,
do not render us the service they might, because
of confusion in identifying what cultivators refer
to. What they call " pear blight," for instance, is
not in many cases, the terrible foe, " fire blight ;"
and hence when they tell us that they have ex-
perimented and found that " bacteria " is the
cause, we are left in uncertainty as to whether
they mean just what we do.

This is again impressed on our attention by the
essay of Prof. Arthur before the American Pomo-
logical Society, as reported in the Country Gen-
tleman. It is very evident that the diseases or
disease he has been grappling with, and which
has been reproduced by inoculation, is not the
"fire blight," as many of us understand it; and
this leaves the question of the origin of the " fire
blight " still an open one.

In a letter to the Country Gentleman, Mr.
Charles Betts, of St. Joseph's County, Michigan,
confirms this conjecture, that the " Pear Blight,"
on which Prof. Arthur has made such careful
experiments, is not the old " fire blight " which is
the great worry of the Pear grower.

Qualifications of Good Celery. — We have
in the fruit catalogues, the distinction of good
for market, or good for amateurs. We
should have some such distinction among vege-
tables. In celery, for instance, there ought to be
a distinction between a kind good for the kitchen,
and a kind good for the table. For the former,
where it may be required for stewing, chicken
salad, soups and similar purposes, the actual
pound weight for the price is all that need be con-
sidered. But for the table one does not desire
four or five large and thick leaf stalks, but a
dozen or more of them of moderate size ; and for
this purpose a variety that produces a large num-
ber of leaves on a plant, would be much preferred
to one that had but a few, no matter how white or
solid these few may be.

Again, flavor, though not often considered, is of
great importance in reference to this division.

t885-

AND HORTICULTURIST.

367

For the.mere kitchen purposes, that with a some-
what pungent taste is more desirable. It enters
better into combinations, especially for some
soups. But for table mildness is essential, and
the character which the epicure knows as a nutty
flavor is a first essential.

Strawberry Crowing in England.— Straw-
berry growing by the hundred acres was surely
an American invention, but our English cousins
are fast following in our wake. Gardening Illus-
trated says that H. E. Vinson & Co., of Swanley
in Kent, have 500 acres, which yielded about
1,000 tons last year. They employ about 1,000
hands in the marketing season, 300 being pickers.
These live in tents, scattered over the fruit farm.
The worst fruit is not sent to market, but is made
into jam on the spot.

Disease of the Peach in New Zealand. — A
serious trouble has become prevalent among
peach trees in New Zealand. It is akin to our
•' curl." The leaves fall soon after flowering, and
minute orange blotches appear on the twigs.
Usually the branches die ; but sometimes a second
growth appears in the summer. But the weakened
trees usually die wholly the next year.

Cherries under Glass. — Notwithstanding the
English climate is peculiarly a cherry one, and
" cherry-ripe," in season, one of the most familiar
of London cries, the wealthy classes with whom
excellence is more of a consideration than the
mere price per lb., grow them in glass-houses, and
get fruit of near double the size, and of greatly
increased beauty and flavor. Lately attempts to
grow them in pots and tubs under glass, instead of
in the open ground under glass, have been so
successful that it is believed the pot plan will be-
come general.

Gladney Apple.— We do not need large apples
for the dessert table. Small ones are far prefer-
able. The Lady apple is popular chiefly because
it is small and pretty. It is not remarkable for
superior flavor. We have often wondered why
Gladney was not taken up for this purpose.
About the same size, just as pretty, keeps well
through the winter ; and yet far more sprightly
and agreeable to most tastes.

American Grape Vines in France.— As evi-
dence of the interest taken in this plant, it may be
noted that there is a monthly magazine there,
bearing the title of "Vigne Americaine."

The American roots are grafted in immense
quantities, to which our apple-root grafting is

scarcely a comparison. Whole families are em-
ployed in this lucrative work. It is given out by
contract to household families, who do the work
very cheaply. A woman, besides looking after
her children and household affairs, will graft 300
plants a day.

American Grape Culture. — There is some-
thing phenomenal in the improvement of the
American wild grapes. Possibly nothing like it
has occurred in the history of fruit culture any-
where. In 1858 Mr. P. Barry said at the January
meeting of the Western New York fruit growers'
Association : " Although there are now many varie-
ties claiming attention, and have so far promised
to become valuable acquisitions, yet the Isabella
is the only one of established reputation which I
would be willing to plant extensively in Western
New York."

To-day we have scores adapted to that location,
and as for Isabella, it would not be easy to bud
plants, except as curiosities, anywhere.

Is THE Fire Blight an Enemy or Friend of
the Pear Grower. — Mr. Hovey makes a good
point in the Rural New Yorker, that when people
talk of abandoning pear culture on account of the
fire blight, we have only to look at the abundance
of fruit everywhere, and the low figures they
often bring.

Potatoes are just as cheap and as abundant as
ever they were before rot attacked them, or the
beetle ate them up. As Mr. Hovey's paper sug-
gests, these troubles seem to be sent in order to
frighten the faint-hearted out of the field so that
the more persevering shall have a greater re-
ward.

Improved Saur Kraut To many there can

be nothing possible that could improve a dish of
saur kraut ; but an exchange asserts it is possible,
and declares that it may be in this way :

" Six pounds of saur kraut, boiled till tender in
water, with a half pound of butter (an earthenware
or a porcelain lined pot, closely covered, is the
best for this purpose). When it has boiled quite
tender, the kraut should be put in a sieve or
strainer to thoroughly drain. Meanwhile put into
a saucepan a quarter of a pound of butter, a table-
spoonful of flour, and a pint of sour cream. When
this boils, it is to be poured over the kraut and
well shaken together. The oysters are to be
' stewed slowly, with only the addition of a little
pepper, in their own juice. About twenty-five
oysters should be allowed to each pound of kraut.
It is then to be arranged in the dish, a layer of
saur kraut and a layer of oysters, alternately, and
their juice poured over all, and served very hot."

368

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

The Bacterian Theory of Pear Blight. —
William C. Medcalf, 98 .Avenue D, North St. Paul
street, Rochester, N. Y., writes: "The papers on
the above subject, which have appeared in the
Gardeners' Monthly, do not as clearly point
out the originator of this theory as they do the ap-
parent plausibility of its soundness. It would,
however, seem to rest with one of two individuals,
or with both, viz.; William Creed, of this locality,
and Professor J. T. Burrell, of Ilhnois. If you
could enlighten us on the above query you would
undoubtedly confer a favor upon the inquisitive in
search of facts, as well as clear up a doubt to the
satisfaction of those giving attention to the study
of the disease, as based upon this most recent
hypothesis. Perhaps both the above gentlemen
can give aid as to the time of their respective
standpoints of investigation."

[Professor Burrell made the first absolute state-
ment that Bacteria were the cause of the "blight"
in the pear, at the meeting of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science in Boston ;
though the statement tha't it was caused by the
development of some minute organism closely
allied, if not the same, was made in our columns
some years before by Professor J. Gibbons Hunt,
of Philadelphia. Dr. Hunt's demonstration, how-
ever, seemed to point to some very low ferment
fungus than to a bacterium, and it is by no means
certain yet that this is not the case. After fer-
mentation is once started, as it would by a wound,
one would be quite likely to tind bacteria there.
For they are omnipresent, feeding on decaying
matter and watching for more. We may find
them by millions in every one's mouth, and, it is
said, in dew drops, as well as in a branch with the
pear "Wight."— Ed. G. M.]

Disease in R.\spberries. — "J." writes: "My
neighbor has some very thrifty Blackcap rasp-
berries that, after sending up stout canes five and
six feet high, began suddenly to die about four
weeks since, and some are now dying. On ex-
amination I found no evidence of the work of any
insect boring at tip or root or on the leaves, but
the cane died throughout its entire length and in
one to two weeks' time. Digging up a very large
nearly dead plant. I found nestling in the bark at
the crown of the root a nest of young millipeds.
The bark was rotten and the stem practically
girdled. Could these little millipeds, as large as
a knitting needle and perhaps one inch or less

long, have done the mischief, and if so, what
remedy ? The Redcaps were not affected, and
only here and there one of the Blackcaps.

[Millipeds, or "hundred legs," we do not
think, often injure plants to any great extent.
They feed on softer things than wood or bark.
The description seems like some of the fungus
troubles that very often follow the track of the
raspberry grower. There is also a raspberry
borer that is often destructive. — Ed. G. M.]

RiTSON Pear.— Stone & Wellington, Toronto,
Canada, write : " We mail you to-day a sample of
a new seedling pear, which we call ' Ritson.'
The original tree is over 65 years of age, and still
bears large crops of fine fruit. While other
varieties have been planted and grown in the
same field, and after a few years have yielded to
blight or some other cause, this tree has never
been affected in any way, either by severe
weather or disease of any kind. We believe we
have in this pear an iron-clad variety of merit.
The fruit, as you will see, is of very good quality,
and as the tree is an abundant yearly cropper,
and also very hardy, we believe that it will be an
acquisition to our list of pear trees. Will you
kindly give us your opinion ? The original tree
stands at Oshawa, Ontario, 33 miles east of this
city."

[This is a small pear, about four inches in
length, and truly pyritorm. Its chief merits, no
doubt, lie in the hardiness and other character-
istics related to the high Northern latitude, and of
which we cannot judge from a single specimen of
the fruit. This, on the loth of October, was in
good eating condition, and the expression of our
correspondent, "very good," does full justice to
its eating qualities. — Ed. G. M.]

Apple, Bentley's Sweet.— "J. G. R. K.," Lov-
ettsville, Va., writes : " I cannot let the opportunity
pass to send you a veteran apple by mail, that I
found with several others in a box in the cellar,
perfectly sound, where they had been placed last
fall (1884). The apples in the box had been used
until strawberries and other early fruit came in.
They were then let alone, and forgotten (perhaps
half bushel).

On looking up boxes to use for apples again, I
found the sound apples in the box among the rot-
ten ones, and were filthed over by mice working
among the rotten ones for the seed. This is the
second time I have found sound specimens of this
variety in the bottom of boxes, that had been
placed there twelve months previous, and no

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

369

other variety have I ever found under the same
circumstances, and some of the usually consid-
ered best keeping varieties liave always been
stored with them. I send the specimen without
washing off, so if you choose to keep it longer,
you will have a fair chance to test its keeping
qualities.

You may remember a specimen I sent you sev-
eral years ago (but not so long out of season) of
the same variety — Bentley Sweet. For long keep-
ing, it certainly leads, and is a very prolific and
early bearer.

[This is a very pretty as well as good apple,
and, although some may not want to keep apples
over till long after apples come again, the fact is
valuable as showing the strength of the claim of
this good apple to keeping well. — Ed. G. M.]

Yellow Forest Apple. — Mr. Sanders, Col-
linsburg, La., says: "I can't tell you the exact
difference between the Yellow Forest and the
Newtown Pippin, as I have not seen the above, but
find that the description in Thomas' " Fruit Cul-

turist " differs somewhat. The Yellow Forest is
never irregular, and is never large ; it is sometimes
remotely conical, has no dull brownish blush,
and sometimes has a few bright red specks on it ;
has a good many black specks, especially when
left on the trees late ; also greenish, dark blotches
toward the crown ; stem shows about }( inch
above the apple when viewed from one side, while
the Newtown Pippin is very short as shown by
Thomas. Some specimens show a little yellowish
russet about the stem.

"The Yellow Forest, as I wrote you before, was
found growing in the forest when a small bush
and transplanted to Capt. Winston's orchard about
six miles from my place. The tree has been
bearing about twelve years annually ; growth
rather slender, but makes a beautiful tree, not
drooping but diverging. Old cider drinkers say
that it makes the best cider they ever drank.
Ripens in September and keeps well. I also have
the finest October Cling peach that I have ever
seen, it is yellow, large and juicy. Both being
tested in N. J."

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FACTS IN AMERICAN FOREST PLANTING.

BY R. DOUGLAS.

I would respectfully report that the contract of
R. Douglas & Sons for planting and cultivating
the tree section at Farlington, Kansas, is now
completed.

Below is the height of the trees and circumfer-
ence of the stem near the ground.

Age.

Height.

Circumference.

Catalpa speciosa

6yr8.

18 to 21 ft.

12 to 18 in.

5 "

12 to 17 "

10 to 16 "

41 (1

4 "

8 to 14 "

8 to 12 "

■ ( U

3 "

5 to 10 "

6 to 9 "

Ailanthus glandulosa 6 "

16 to 18 "

10 to 15 "

" .'

5 "

12 to 17 "

10 to 13 "

u ..

3 "

6 to 10 "

6 to 9 "

The above is the general height, but there are
spots of " gumbs " or alkali soil, where, apparently,
the surface soil had been removed at some
previous time, on which the trees make a stunted
growth. Fortunately, there is very little of this in
the land we have planted, so that there is not an
acre planted by us that will fall short of the num-
ber of trees required to fill the contract, and pro-
bably not five acres on which there are not from
twenty-five to twenty-six hundred. Our contract

calls for two thousand to the acre. The forest is
in a very healthy and thrifty condition, and in
every way very promising for the future.

As forestry in this country is yet in its infancy,
and nearly everyone who has given it but a
passing thought has a theory of his own, and
looks more to present appearances than to ulti-
mate results, and as one or more of these theo-
rists have recommended the pruning of these
trees, I would here urgently caution the company
so that they will not be led into this great mistake
and very expensive experiment.

They were planted closely to avoid the neces-
sity of pruning. The trees will prune each other,
even the six-year-old trees are now twenty feet
high and have their side branches already smoth-
ered and dead up to over one-half their height,
so that it would be a great waste of time, if
nothing worse, to prune them the first ten feet froni
the ground ; and it must be apparent to any one
that it would be very costly to prune them up the
next ten feet, but in three more years the next ten
feet will be pruned by the same process as the
first. The living side branches are a great advan-
tage to the trees, support the trunk, fill up and
shade the spaces between the trees, shading out
the weeds, and retaining the moisture. The
branches already dead, and they are the only ones
that could be removed without actual damage to

370

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

the trees, would cost as much for pruning and re-
moving as the full cost of furnishing the trees,
planting and cultivating them till the present time,
viz., one and one-half cents per tree.

These dead branches will fall off gradually, so
that when the trees are sixty feet high they will
show a trunk of forty feet without a limb, and, as
may be seen in the native forest, the branches
will have decayed gradually and assisted in fur-
nishing nutriment for the living trees.

These trees are making height so fast that, on
measurement, we found leading shoots of this
season's growth on three-yearold trees over 6 feet
long, and on four-year-old 7 feet long, showing
that they need all the living side branches to sup-
port the stem.

It is true that, to an ordinary observer looking
in among these trees, the dead lower branches
will have a ragged appearance, and aside from
these there are misshapen and crooked trees, but
even these are better left standing than if removed,
as they afford shade for the trunks of adjoining
trees.

There will always be " cull " trees in the nur-
sery, and such trees, even with the best of pruning,
will still be culls.

I would not be understood as offering the fore-
going remarks as an apology ; very far from it, as
the plantation is a surprising success. This plan-
tation is on a larger scale than any other in the
country (unless it be the one nearly adjoining,
that we have recently planted for Mr. H. H.
Hunnewell) ; and 1 would urgently recommend
that the trees be allowed to stand undisturbed —
except to remove the branches that reach out into
the forest roads — till the first planting is at least
ten or twelve years old ; but in the meantime if
fence posts be required within that time, they can
be thinned out as wanted, without damage to the
plantation.

If trees are required for planting at any of the
stations of the company's road, or for parks or
other purposes, thousands can be taken out of the
three-year-old trees, near the section house, with-
out injury to the plantation, and they are of the
very best size and condition for that purpose. I
would suggest that if they are required for any
such purpose, an experienced man should be em-
ployed to see to the proper digging and planting,
as this would not only be the most successful but
the most economical way that the work could be
done. IVaukegan, III.

[These are extracts from R. Douglas & Sons'
Forestry Report to the Kansas City, Fort Scott
and Gulf Railroad Company, and are facts worth
whole volumes of speculative treatises made up
from European experiences. There is one point
suggested by Mr. Douglas' report that yet re-
quires exact figures to properly settle, namely, the
most profitable distances to set forest trees. It is
too wide a subject just here, and we ment'on it
only that our readers may remember that it is
something the future will be interested in. — Ed.
G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

CocoANUTS IN New Jersey. — The following is-
from a Philadelphia paper :

"It will no doubt surprise our readers to learn
that successful efforts have been made by Eng-
lish capitalists to domesticate in England certain
species of cocoanut palm that is now growing there
at all seasons and producing fruit, which, if it be
true, we shall have efforts made to domesticate
the same tree on the Jersey coast, so that the sea-
side resorts along that shore may in due time
assume a tropical aspect with palm trees growing
in the open air."

The original paragraph was of course intended,
as the English say, as a "rig" on the ignoramuses
who do not know that tropical heat, and a tem-
perature never lower than 45O, is necessary to grow
a cocoanut palm of any "species." Our Philadel-
phia friend had better get out of the hole by assev-
erating that he was simply playing a game on the
Jerseymen. Still, with the dense popular ignor-
ance of the simplest facts in gardening which so
thoroughly prevails, the nurserymen and seeds-
men will soon, as in the case of the famous
Eucalyptus, be run down with orders for cocoa-
nuts of "a certain species" for planting along
the coast from New Jersey to Labrador, and they
had better provide themselves with something,
even though they be Osage Orange balls, for the
silly people who will have something or deem you
"one-horse concerns, not up to the times," if you
have not what they ask for.

Profitable Forestry in America. — We are
sure it will be a surprise to the readers of the
Gardeners' Monthly to learn from a European
magazine that Thomas Meehan believes that
forests cannot be planted to any profit in America.
Thomas Meehan has said that it is unlikely forests
can be profitably planted on the thick setting and
thinning plan, but to his mind this is a totally
different question. No one has been more strongly
given to urging forestry planting than Thomas
Meehan.

But then among the lost arts seems to be the
power of correctly stating the argument of an
opponent.

Spotted Leaf in Pine Trees. — The spotted
leaf, the work of a fungus, yEcidium Pini.is proving
seriously injurious to some forests of Scotch pine
in France.

American Woods. — The strongest wood in the
United States, according to Professor Sargent, is
that of the nutmeg hickory of the Arkansas region,

I885.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

371

and the weakest the West India birch, Bursera.
The most clastic is the tamarack, tlie while or
shellbark hickory standing far below it. The
least elastic and the lowest in specific gravity is
the wood of the Ficus aurea. The highest specific
gravity, upon which in general depends value as
fuel, is attained by the bluewood of Texas, Con-
dalia obovata.

The So-called H.'^rdy Catalpa. — We always
protested against the specific use of this name to
the Catalpa speciosa as distinguished from C.
bignonioides, because the latter is quite as hardy as
most North .-Xmerican forest trees are. C. speciosa
might possibly be hardier, but that did not warrant
the imputation that C. bignonioides, or the east-
ern catalpa, was not hardy in any lair acceptation
of the term. Bat it turns out that C. speciosa is
no more hardy than the older species. "The
Bulletin No. 7 of the Agricultural College of
Michigan" says :

"The two catalpas, C. speciosa and C. bignoni-
oides, are about equally hardy. Both suffer con-
siderably, and appear to be unreliable. As Catalpa
speciosa has not been recognized as distinct from
the older species until quite recently, the leading
distinction between the two may be given. C.
speciosa — tree tall, a straight grower ; leaves softly
downy, inodorous; flowers two inches across,
nearly white, the lower lobe notched ; pods stout
and long (one and a half inches in circumference).
C. bignonioides — tree lower, diffuse in growth ;
leaves smooth, or nearly so, giving a disagreeable
odor when touched ; flowers smaller, dingy, the
lower lip entire ; pods more slender. Teas' Japan
Hybrid Catalpa is not hardy."

And of its climate it says:

"The climate of Lansing appears to be uncom-
monly severe for this latitude (43- nearly) in
Michigan. Last winter the mercury sank 32'^,
and many times in quick succession it was below
minus twenty. That, however, was an unusually
rigorous winter. Moreover, the college campus
lies in an open and exposed country, and the
winter winds are very destructive. It is only the
hardiest plants which can endure long."

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

NATIVE FLOWERS OF SOUTH CAROLINA
NEAR THE MOUNTAINS OF NORTH
CAROLINA.

BY MRS. J. S. R. THOMSON.

I was interested in an article on page 278, Sep-
tember Gardeners' Monthly, comparing the
native flowers of Rochester, N. Y., with California,
within a given radius, and the desire to have some
adequate idea of the number which grow here be-
came strong within me. I am no botanist, alas !
but I have a keen eye, and when driving each
day I always hie to the woods and water courses,
trusting to same keen eyes to discover some new
species (new to me, I mean). Dr. Asa Gray, but
oftenest the Editor of Gardeners' Monthly, has
named for me unknown species ; and last said a
few weeks since in a note, after having named a
native Hydrangea nivea for me, that " if I looked
sharp I would most hkely find an allied plant,
American Climbing Hydrangea, Decumaria
barbara," which put me into a fever of eager
watchfulness. I took my three books — Peter
Henderson's " Hand Book of Plants," Chapman's
" Flora of the South," and Dr. Preyre Porcher's

"Resources of the Southern States" — and read un-
til I thought I could identify it if I was lucky
enough to come across it. For years I had ad-
mired a climbing plant with myriads of white flat
clustered flowers which clung to the tree whereon
it grew with the tenacity of ivy, and always in-
tended removing a small specimen to my own
home, thinking it would be a good companion
with my Ampelopsis Veichtii which covers hun-
dreds of feet of the brick foundation of my home.
Athap-hazard I drove to this specimen and col-
lected many branches, feeling sure as soon as I
reached it that I had hit it correctly, for it having
flowered in June it was filled with its seed vessels,
which, according to descriptions, ought to be urn
shaped, and sure enough they are. They remind
me of the old fashioned Pot-pourri Pots of our
grandmothers with their queer, squeezed-in, little
covers. But to make sure I sent specimens to
the Editor of Gardeners' Monthly and he re-
plied, " You have found it at last, sure enough."
This A. M. I drove out to gloat over this discovery
and to study habits of leaf, flower and growth,
and afterwards continued my drive a little far.
ther. I suppose I went not over one-fourth of a
mile and investigated in a very cursory manner

372

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

I December,

not over fifty feet of the creek banks, but I, who
am so proud of the native flowers of this South
land, was astonished myselt at the richness of that
small area, and will here name what I know, as-
suring you that I am confident that much of merit
was passed over from my lack of knowing them.
First though came my sought-for Decumaria-
and on a steep bank jutting over a gurgling stream-
let I found enough to stock almost a nursery. In
close proximity and entwined with this is a plant
which in ignorance I have always called Bitter-
sweet, Celastrus scandens, until I recently saw an
illustration of the real variety. This is a shrub
with long, narrow, lance- shaped leaves, not over
one-half inch wide by three inches long, almost
like a vine, slender, delicate growth, flowers small
and inconspicuous ; but its beauty is in its rough
four-celled capsules, which are, when mature, a
pale flesh. In September this capsule burst open
like a chestnut burr and from it hung four orange
colored seeds by a white hair-like thread which
makes them jingle against the waxy sides of the
capsules hke a bell clapper. These are generally
solitary and not over abundant, but in fall after
leaves fall it is quite an attractive plant. In culti-
vation with careful pinching in it grows into a
thick shrub and well deserves more extended cul-
tivation. I would like well to know its name.
[Euonymus Americanus. — Ed.] Not three paces
from this was the red twigged Cornus, which I in-
sisted was Sanguinea, but Dr. Gray and Prof.
Meehan set me straight again and to-day I am re-
conciled to its being a different variety ; I claimed
it had three good points, viz. : hardiness, fragrant
white delicate laurestina-like flowers, and its blood-
red branches ; after denuded of its foliage would
make a bright spot on any lawn ; added to this I
have found that its fruit cymes are very attractive,
a peculiar blueish purple size of Holly berries-
pendulous. One specimen before me has twenty-
five berries perfect in form and color ; how long
they remain on I am unable to say. But here is
a shrub every way worthy a wider culture, beauti-
ful in flower and fruit and without foliage. Glanc-
ing around 1 espied three plants of Clematis
Viorna which has solitary pendulous purplish
red flowers, same shape and size of C. crispa and
coccinea ; here it is called " Leather flower " from
the great substance of flower ; near by the never-
to-be-forgotten Gelsemium sempervirens or Caro-
lina Yellow Jasmine, which in spring clothes the
banks of our streams with a yellow fragrant glory.
These are shaped and size exactly like the flowers
of Weigelia rosea, only on a delicate tendril

swayed by every passing breeze wafting to our
grateful senses a delicious jasmine fragrance.
This vine covers acres of low lands, entwines it-
self on every branch and shrub, and from thence
aloft to tops of highest trees. In a boat on the
water you can pass under large clusters of it and
can cull a boat load of branches from one tree.
The water dotted for yards with its shed flowers
like golden boats floating around.

My article is now too long, but I long to write
of what I saw in my short ramble — Trumpet vine,
Menisperum, Columbine or coral honeysuckle,
Cocculus Carolinianus, clustered Solomon's seal,
another variety with berries in pairs. Clematis Vir-
giniana, a tuberous rooted Columbine, Kalmia,
Azaleas two varieties, golden rod, three of Eupa-
torium purpureum full six feet high, with magnifi-
cent plumy branches ; Apios tuberosa, wood
violets, and ferns, grasses, etc., too numerous to
mention. Ah ! the sunny South is the place for
me. Here God has with bountiful hand spread
abroad his beautiful floral treasures. Azaleas that
are equal in beauty with the exotic ones, of white,
buff, deep rose and pale pink, sometimes a mile
in one stretch of them, as far as the eye can reach
you see them in boundless profusion intermingled
with Rhododendron and Kalmia. Now, how com-
pares our land with the far-famed California ? We,
too, have lilies ; one seldom offered for sale on ac-
count of its rareness, that is L. Catesbasi, the
smallest bulb of the whole tribe, a deep glowing red
purple, spotted with foliage close to the ground like
that of the tuberose. These I have in abundance
and am trying to collect the largest amateur col-
lection South. I am nothing it not ambitious, and
my ambition tends flower-ways — to have some-
thing of nearly every species that can be kept in
a pit or greenhouse with no fire heat.

Spartanburg, S. C, Sept. gtk, 1SS5.

VARIATION IN NATURE,

BY R. C. FAY.

Last spring I sent a few notes of observation,
on my experiments with corn, to the Philadelphia
Record, for the purpose of ascertaining the pre-
sent views regarding that plant; the Agricultural
Editor wrote an article, and it was printed in
that paper of March 7th. He positively stated that
the colors were produced from pollen irom corn
plants of the various colors. The idea of any-
thing like the possibility of the florets having the
power of changing their color, was not to be
thought of for a moment. From the remarks

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

373

made in that article in which your name appeared,
I inferred that you were of the same opinion as
myself. I thought you might be interested to
know that I have experimented for five years
with the object of determining the following
questions :

1. Is the corn known by different names and
colors, distinct varieties ? One authority says,
Spain alone has 130 distinct varieties.

2. Do the florets change color (wholly or par-
tially) independent of the pollen of the plant ?

3. Can full, plump grains be produced from a
dent corn ?

In taking up an ear of dent corn seven years
ago to examine it carefully, it occurred to me that
it had been cut before it was perfectly ripe, or
that there was something wanting for its perfect
development.

Five years ago and since, I have been experi-
menting to answer these questions, as I believe
that all the colors, shapes and sizes of corn have
been propagated from one plant, whatever the
original color may have been, and with my ex-
periments of last year with white dent, and this
year with yellow dent corn, I am almost con-
vinced of my success. Last year I produced two
ears with red florets beneath white corn, and the
color from the florets permeated the white corn,
giving it a pinkish color. I am confident this
change was entirely in the florets, for the pollen
shed from the tassel which was a large one must
have been white. I was also fortunate in preserv-
ing an ear of the kind grown which is a perfect
match. I also produced full, plump grain. This
year I look an ear of yellow dent, treated it in the
same manner, and produced florets from white to ;
dark red, the dark red permeating the yellow corn, ,
showing again internal changes ; the grain is of all
shapes and sizes, and even without dent and others
with various degrees of dent. Corn maintains its
character, when once established, with great per-
tinacity, but climate, soil and cultivation will pro-
duce in many plants marked changes. I am con-
fident that whatever the color of the corn planted
be, the florets have the power of changing under
certain conditions, and these conditions, I think I
can produce artificially. It is evident that the
florets color the corn, and the many partial
changes that have been observed (as to the one
you raised the question of the innate power of
changing) has erroneously been attributed to
foreign pollen. Cross fertilization is self evident,
and no one questions it, but I believe the male
(pollen) does not have his own way all the time,

but the female (florets) will assert her rights when
little expected.

If you are interested in this subject, I will shov/
you the results of my experiments some time when
in Philadelphia. Jersey City, N. J.

[Nothing can be more certain than that pollen has
not its own way all the time — in other words that not
all variation comes from the action of pollen. We
might decide this theoretically as the writer does ;
if all variations spring originally from one parent
species, as most of us believe, the first variation
must have been wholly independent of crossing
between two varieties. There were not two va-
rieties in existence to cross. But the question is
practically decided, for it is an every-day ex-
perience with introduction of new species, that
variations occur independent of crossing.

This is, however, often forgotten, especially when
the subject of the immediate influence of pollen
on fruits is concerned. Natural or innate varia-
tion is lost sight of, and changes, easily accounted
for on this principle, referred to pollen influence.
That change in corn is often from the influence of
pollen can scarcely be denied, but that it often
occurs independently of this action is well shown
by our correspondent. — Ed. G. M.]

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Grafting Dutch Bulbs.— A Philadelphia cor-
respondent says : " I am about to plant some bulbs
in small pots (Hyacinths, Tulips and Crocus) and
wish to find out, without consuming the necessary
time to experiment, whether I would have success.
Suppose I take two Crocus bulbs, yellow and pur-
ple, and cut them in halves and place the cross
sections of half of the yellow and half of the pur-
ple together, will I succeed in getting the yellow
and purple flower seemingly from one bulb ? I
presume there would be two stocks but that the
centres of the bulbs would be so close together
that if both would thrive they would seem to be
sent forth from the same bulb."

[Not knowing that such an experiment has been
tried, we can only give a hypothetical answer.
"Graft unions only take place in growing vegeta-
tion ; a bulb finishes its growth the year previous
to the proposed experiment. It, therefore, does
not seem possible that the two halves of mature
bulbs can unite.

Then in regard to the flower buds, or say spike,
as in the Hyacinth. These buds are formed the
tall before, and we mav see the little buds with a

374

THE GARDENERS" MONTHLY

[December,

powerful microscope. It might be possible with a
knife blade " thin as air," to cut this embryonic
bud through the centre and bring two halves to-
gether so closely that when the Hyacinths pushed
up or elongated the two halves would grow to-
gether and seem as one stem — white flowers on
one-half, and red on the other, but we doubt
whether there is any one living capable of per-

forming such an operation successfully. We be-
lieve the embryo flower buds or spikes would be
crushed by the finest knife at present known.

By not cutting quite up to the centre, and bring-
ing two (little more than) halves together, two
spikes might come up that would " seem " to
come from one bulb, and interest the curious. —
Ed. G. M.]

Literature. Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

HORTICULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES
DURING THE LAST FIFTY YEARS.

BY W. D. BRACKENRIDGE.

This is a subject not unworthy of our considera-
tion when we look at the almost universal interest
it exercises over the minds of the people of the
present day.

At the time our story begins, 1837, Philadelphia
was considered the headquarters of horticulture ;
here were to be found the Landreths and Maupays,
as nurserymen, or dealers in fruit and ornamental
trees; while Buist, Sherwood and Dryburg, Ritchie
and Dick, IVIcKenzie and Buchanan, with D.
Fetters, were florists of good repute, and the few
private collections of any note were Pratt, of
Len-von Hill ; J. B. Smith, of Moyamensing ;
General R. Patterson, and Mr. Pepper, the brewer,
whose greenhouses occupied a building on Chest-
nut Street, second and third stories.

Tlie principal kinds of plants then in demand
consisted of Camellias, Roses, Pelargoniums and
Chinese Primroses. Of hardwooded New Holland
and Cape of Good Hope plants, were Acacias,
Pimeleas, Chorozemas and Lechenaultias, with a
sparse sprinkling of Cactus, etc., etc. Ferns were
not known in those days by florists. In making
up bouquets, which were not much in demand,
the flowers used were mostly Camellias, Roses,
single Chinese Primroses and Carnations, and as
grein to set these oft', Chinese Arbor-Vitae, with
Rose Geranium leaves, were the steady stand-by.
Plants in pots, for the decoration of private rooms
or public halls, were seldom called for; in fact,
the articles wanted, as Palms, Gum Elastic, etc.,
did not find a place with florists.

In New York, Thorburn, Hogg, Dunlap and
Boll were the leading flower growers, while as tree
nurserjmen, the Downings at Newburg and Wm.
Prince, Flushing, were the only notable culti-
vators. Mr. Prince, though eccentric in charac-
ter, was notable for his zeal in introducing new
and valuable fruit and ornamental trees into the
country, and among these new things, which, be
it said, proved of little account, was tlie Chinese
Y.im, about which, for a time, he bored the coun-

try, but after giving it a fair trial, it was found
that half a day's work of a man was necessary to
dig as many roots as would make him a dinner.

Boston then contained one horticultural estab-
lishment of merit, that of Hovey & Co. ; one of
the firm, C. M. Hovey, conducted the Horticul-
tural Magazine, the only monthly periodical of
the kind in the country. It was ably managed,
and gave much valuable information on fruits,
among which Mr. Hovey is an e.xpert even at the
present day. He it was who, against much oppo-
sition, advocated the merits of the Concord Grape,
and it has nobly sustained the estimate he then
formed of it. Boston people ought to be thankful
that they have had a Hovey and a Wilder to edu-
cate them up to the high standard of horticulture
which they now enjoy, and in which work my old
friend, Dr. Asa Gray, has given valuable aid.

In the year 1837 such plants as are suitable for
ribbon and carpet bedding out were almost un-
known, but we then formed groups of roses, double
dahlias, heliotropes — mixed with fish geraniums —
as they were then called — but the effect produced
was anything but artistic. But about this time a
scarkt, a white and a lilac verbena were introduced
by me (not by R. Buist, as published), and
florists, by crossing these, in a few years numer-
ous varieties were raised of almost all shades of
color save yellow ; and just let me say here, paren-
thetically, that I grew a yellow verbena in Scot-
land in the year 1832 (Verbena sulphurea), intro-
duced from South America by Dr. Gillis ; unfor-
tunately, it never has found its way into the United
States, so far as I know.

A few years previous Petunia phcenicea had
made its appearance, and by crossing this with
P. nyctaginiflora, a white species, many beautiful
varieties, both single and double flowered, were
the result. Now began fancy grouping of these,
aided by the new varieties of fish or scarlet gera-
niums of various shades of color ; but people
were not contented with brilliant flowers ; they
sought after plants with gaudy foliage, which they
found in Coleus, .Ichyranthes, Alternantheras and
Centaureas ; so, at the present day, it is no un-
common tiling to find a bed filled with flowers
and foliage of as many colors as that which m.ade
Jacob's coat so remarkable, and we would here
remark that it takes no inconsiderable amount of

I88S.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

37S

taste to have the colors harmonize in arranging
such beds, be the style either the ribbon, carpet
or mixed type. Ladies, as a general thing, excel
in this kind of work.

In Baltimore, where the taste for floriculture of
late years has made rapid strides, credit is due to
the Feasts, the Pentlands and the Hallidays for
the aid they have rendered, while we think that
the Maryland Horticultural Society, by its exhibi-
tions, has exercised a more powerful influence
than any other agent in bringing about the present
pleasing state of things. Hundreds of florists have
of very recent years sprung up in the city and its
suburbs, yet these cannot supply all the demands
for bridal parties, funerals, public feasts and pri-
vate parties, so that quantities have to be procured
from the northern establishments.

Then look at our public parks and squares in
the city. What kind of aspect do they now present
during the summer months from what they were a
few years ago? They are found bright and beau-
tiful, fit emblems of an advanced state of civiliza-
tion.

About twenty years ago, one of the commis-
sioners of the squares flanking the Washington
monument asked me what ought to be done to
improve those grass plats. I replied, remove the
unsightly railings, and adorn the surface with
groups of shrubs and beds of flowers. His
answer was : "OhI that would never do, as people
would pull them up root and branch." My an-
swer to this was, only give the thing a fair trial,
and that it was his duty as a progressive man to
educate and refine public taste.

In the same space of time that floriculture has
advanced so rapidly pomologists have not been
idle. The ancient list'of native grape vines, which
embraced little more than the Catawba, Isabella
and Lenoir, is now supplemented by new and
superior kinds that would stand counting by the
scores. From many, wines are made equal in !
bouquet to any foreign brand, thanks to the late j
N Longworth, of Cincinnati, as the forerunner in
this laudable enterprise.

The State of Ohio gave us a J. P. Kilkland, i
who raised some of the finest cherries now under
cultivation.

Of pears numerous sorts have been introduced
from abroad, but among these, if we except the j
Bartlett, it will be found that the finest and most
profitable sorts are of native origin, having sprung
up in hedge rows and waste places, to which have I
been added some fine sorts by Mr. Clapp and Mr.
Dana. We do not venture to say much about the
notorious kind known as Kieffer; the last we ate
were not very mellow, and the tree is not proof j
against blight as reported. Pears do not bring
such high prices as they used to do, but that i
wholesome and desirable fruit, the apple, still re-
ceives valuable additions to its number of kinds,
and the quantity grown is immense. The quality
of such as are grown in the Middle and Northern
States does not compare well with those grown in
the Western States in size and smoothness of skin,
so that in the market the growers in the State of
New York will scarcely be able to hold their own.
In the State of Delaware, and lands bordering

both shores of the Chesapeake Bay, there are car
loads of peaches grown now for bushels that were
raised fifty years ago, and the planting of new
orchards still goes on, and will continue. Small
fruits, as raspberries, blackberries, currants and
strawberries, have been greatly augmented in
kinds as well as in quality. Every year brings
forth a host of new strawberries, some of them
good in fact, while most are represented as better
than the best, particularly should they be brought
to your notice by a traveling tree charlatan.

By the foregoing meagre statement it will be
found that the country has arrived at a high state
of progress in horticulture, much of which is due
to the writings of the Downings, Wilder, Barry,
Meehan and many other noted men, combined
with the work of the American Pomological
Society; not forgetting the aid afforded by de-
scriptive and illustrated catalogues spread broad-
cast over the length and breadth of the land by
the almost innumerable nurserymen and florists
found in every section of our diversified and fertile
country.

[The above interesting sketch appeared recently
in the American Farmer, of Baltimore. Mr. Brack-
enridge's modesty has not permitted him to include
his own labors — which have by no means been
meagre — with those of his colleagues.

The Yellow Verbena was introduced by the
writer of this in 1855. The color, however, was
too "brassy" to be popular. There was just
enough "yellow" in the tint to save the reputation
of one who called it yellow, and that was all. —
Ed. G. M.] __

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Fr.'vnk j. Scott (see Frontispiece). — The
frontispiece to our Volume for 1885, represents
the Author of " Suburban Home Grounds," one
of those standard works on American Landscape
Gardening, which has done honor to our country
and for which lovers of American Gardening will
ever feel grateful. This beautiful book was issued
by D. Appleton & Co. in 1S69, in a large octavo
of 600 pages, and reached three editions. Why it
has been allowed to get " out of print " since, is
one of the mysteries no one has yet explained.
The preparation of that work commenced as a
labor of love. The author went personally over
every part of the United States where he could
hear of a fine tree, a fine garden, or fine garden
architecture, and embodied the work of his pen
and pencil in this superb book.

Frank J. Scott was born in Columbia, South

Carolina, 1828, but his parents emigrated to Ohio

! in 1830, and the son was reared on the Maumee, at

I Perrysburg, Maumee and Toledo, where he was

376

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

instructed as well as their good schools afforded,
but much better perhaps by an exceptionally in-
telligent father. There were no Prangs in those
days to introduce .drawing into school systems.
His love for the pencil was natural, and it became
noted among the boys and girls for its attempts on
portraits and natural scenery. As early as twenty,
one he became enamored of landscape gardening
and rural architecture, and in 1852 was engaged by
a gentleman in Toledo to lay out a large block,
which is yet considered the best specimen of gar-
denesque work in Toledo. In order to still further
excel in this beautiful ^rt, he spent a summer as
student with the celebrated Andrew Jackson
Downing, at Newburg, on the Hudson, and an-
other with Downing and Vaux, this firm having
taken in general architecture with landscape
gardening. A year and a half was then spent
among the famous old buildings, parks, and gar-
dens of Europe, and on his return he established
himself in his profession at Toledo. But the field
seemed too poor for his ambition to excel, and he
relinquished the attempt for that of a dealer in real
estate.

In 1866, while busy in the improvement of a
modest suburban house, he became impressed
with the need of just such a work as finally cul-
minated in the production of fae beautiful book to
which we have just referred. In 1859 he made a
trip to South America, and in Chili met with the
lady whom he had known in Paris, wlio was
henceforth to be his partner for life, and where he
was married in i860.

Mr. Scott's father took a great interest in the
establishment of a university in Toledo, and the
son entered warmly into his father's project, and
1873 was spent in Europe studying the schools of
art and trade in order to work these branches
into the regular university plan. There is no
place for the magnificent gardens and palaces of
the old world in connection with the private citi-
zen in our country, and yet these famous works
of art are great educators. Mr. Scott's idea
always has been to make our schools and colleges
their counterparts here.

Studies in political economy and general litera-
ture have somewhat drawn our author from the
tasks he has shown himself so well fitted to ac-
complish. The biographies of eminent men in
the American edition of " Chambers' Encyclo-
paedia " are from his pen, and more recently the
banking system of America has secured his at-
tention in the Nort h American Review ; but as
he has not yet reached " three-score," there is

time enough left for him to return to his early
love.

Since the above was sent to press, we have the
following additional notes supplied by a friend
more intimately acquainted with the work of Mr.
Scott than the writer of this :

"Mr. S. has been much of a traveler, having
been twice in Europe, in California, the Rocky
Mountain country, South America and the
Hawaiin Islands. Since 1879 much of his time in
summer, has been spent in Utah and Idaho Terri-
tories. In the latter, in 1880, his explorations in
a mining region just opened among the lofty Saw
Tooth Mountains of Central Idaho resulted in the
publication by him of the first approximately cor-
rect map that had ever been made of the sources
of four of the principal rivers of that Territory, two
of which had before been represented on the gov-
ernment maps of that Territory as sixty miles
away from where Mr. Scott located their sources.

" During the last twelve years the following
essays from his pen show the direction of his
thinking: 'The Palaces of America,' published in
the Radical Review, of Boston, in 1873 ; ' Sugges-
tions Concerning a National Currency,' the same
year ; ' National Works,' a plea for the Erie Canal
to become a National and free canal, to be con-
trolled by the United States, 1877; 'Pictures on
Grass,' and editing a paper, in 1878; 'Property
without a Price,' 1879 ; a very considerable por-
tion of the biographical and monetary articles in
the American addition to 'Chambers' Encyclo-
picdia,' published by John B. Alden.of New York,
in 1882, under the title of ' The Library of Useful
Knowledge ; " and the same year a lecture on the
' National Banking System,' read in New York
city in 188 1, and recently condensed in part for
the North American Review ; essays on 'Progress
in Suffrage' and 'Climates,' read before clubs in
Toledo within the past two years, are among the
later papers that have appeared as occasion, and
not a literary profession, called them out. His
beautiful book. ' Suburban Home Grounds.' is
about to be issued again under the title of ' Beau-
tiful Homes,' by J. B. Alden & Co., of New York."

Tnii Grounds of Geokge W. Childs, Biiyn
Mawr, near Philadelphia. — Landscape garden-
ing, as a fine art, met with a severe check in America
by the sudden death of Andrew Jackson Downing
over a quarter of a century ago. There may have
been men in the profession as highly cultured and
as equal in ability as he, but none seemed to have
the power to transmit enthusiasm to others to such

i88s.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

377

s.

x-* li.

378

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

an extent. The love for tasteful grounds has
not been so catching since his day, but that it
is not dead but merely sleeping may be evidenced
by a drive any day in the suburbs of any of our
large cities. Such a drive we took late in Septem-
ber around the comparatively new settlement at
Bryn Mawr, which, though in Delaware county, is
a suburb of Philadelphia. Here a large number
of eminent Philadelphians have erected dwellings,
with gardens extending from one to twenty or
more acres, some of them of course evidencing
mere expenditure without taste, which will afford
no lasting pleasure ; but others — and many more
than might be expected — illustrating some of the
best principles of garden art, and which will give
results growing in beauty as the years pass away.
In many of these hasty calls we found numbers of
intelligent gardeners, with from one to two, or a
dozen or more hands employed under them, with
a commendable rivalry among them to improve
themselves, and have increased pleasure in gar-
dening by those who employ them. The earliest
of these modern settlers is Charles Wheeler. His
grounds, designed by Charles H. Miller, the land-
scape gardener of Fairmount Park, are a model of
artistic grace. The trees and shrubs have now
had time to grow, and the taste of the designer
becomes more and more apparent. The grounds,
are kept in admirable order by Mr. Dewar, the
gardener. A much more recent garden — in fact
only six years since it was farm land — is Wootton,
the country residence of Mr. George W. Childs,
the well-known proprietor of the Public Ledger.
As we are able to avail ourselves of some views
that appeared recently in Ashmead's History of
Delaware County, we will give a more extended
account of Wootton, hoping to get similar views
of others in the future.

Wootton, as the estate is called, was so named
from one of the seats of the Duke of Buckingham
in England. On a visit to England some years
ago Mr. and Mrs. Childs were hospitably enter-
tained by the Duke at that place. The landscape
beauties of the spot made a great impression on
the honored guests, and it was a nice tribute to
the hospitality of the entertainers that Mr. Childs
should buy and name a country place in memory
of the good time enjoyed in the old world.

The entrance to the grounds is seen in the right-
hand corner of the picture, and is adorned by a
porter's lodge, at present occupied by Mr. John M.
Hughes, chief gardener, whose tasteful hand has
made it a veritable bank of flowers. The walls
are covered by the Ampelopsis Veitchii, while be-

tween the windows and in every corner banks of
flowers, ferns and leaf plants ornament the walls.
On entering the wide carriage road we get at once
a view of the dwelling house, which is situated on
a gentle eminence, reached by a winding carriage
road of easy grade that passes over the bridge seen
in the left-hand picture. The beautiful stable seen
in the left-hand picture is also in view from the
entrance. Those accustomed to the best speci-
mens of landscape gardening might here think of
that rule which would not present two such fine
views simultaneously ; but remembering the new-
ness of the work, the whole having been started
since 1880, the planting will be closely examined,
and found planned to remove this criticism as the
trees grow up. The comparative newness of the
planting also prevents the beautiful effects from
dense masses of growth, which in older places are
so effective in dividing and varying scenes. Here
few things have had time to grow into each other.
One might be tempted in some instances to intro-
duce a few common things to thicken, temporarily,
till the more valuable things grow. The bridge
across the stream is taken advantage of to make a
special beauty spot. Dense masses of flowering
shrubs, flowering plants and ornamental grasses
are on the back of the parapets, and through these
masses the stream wanders. The effect is ex-
tremely beautiful. As in all efforts at landscape
gardening we often find that in producing one
effect we mar another, and one result here is to
apparently narrow the roadway at this point,
which of course was not in the original design.
Mr. Childs has wisely avoided a too frequent error
in country seats, namely, making the dwelling
three or more stories high. Where there is plenty
of room to spread out^ mere height is a violation
of propriety. This house, though not lofty, is
very roomy, and so proportioned that we think
most artists would call it a model of good taste.
We have here also a specimen of a disputed point
in American landscape gardening, the parapet
wall around the house. We may grant that where
there is much purely natural scenery, and in con-
nection with many styles of architecture, they are
out of place, and a mere sloping terrace of grass
much preferable. But in this case the uni-
versal verdict would be that the effect is charm-
ing. Besides the actual comfort and room for
flower culture which the plateau afiTords around
the house, the gradation from the architectural to
the natural features which the parapet wall affords
is just what the true artist would desire. On this
terrace, among other rare plants, are two fine

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

379

specimens of the rare Bonaparte plants, — curious
as well as rare from the narrow, slender trunks
rising from huge, bottle-lilce bases. Mr. Childs is
fond of the very pleasant practice of having his
guests plant memorial trees, and on this plateau is
a purple beech set out by Madame Nillson, and
there are other pretty trees planted by General
Grant, Senator ISayard, Thomas Hughes, Robert
Winthrop, Hamilton Fish, and others. The
original design for this part of the ground was, in
the main, we believe, the work of Mr. Miller. In
1883 other grounds were purchased and taken
into the ornamental grounds, and these, with the
improvement and care of the older portion, have
since been under Mr. Hughes' charge. In this
newer portion we find the vegetable garden, green-
houses, forcing houses and other departments
requiring concentrated care and oversight. It is
interesting to note that cut flowers, once a neces-
sity chiefly with those who had no living plants or
conservatories, have become essentials to every
cultivated home, and here quite a large rose-house
was being built to furnish the family the floral
queen through the winter months. The vegetable
garden was a special treat to us, especially from
the profusion of old-fashioned hardy herbaceous
plants, which filled box-edged borders as in
"ye olden time." A beautiful hedge of Japan
privet divides a well-kept rosary from the kitchen
garden, and the stables are screened by a well-
arranged " stumpery " made from the roots of the
forest trees that a few years ago occupied the
ground.

The water for the plant houses, stables and
other offices is pumped from an adjacent spring,
very cheaply by means of an overshot wheel.
That required for the mansion house is pumped

by means of an Erricson engine, which does its
work in a thorough manner.

The illuminating gas required about the build-
ing is manufactured at a comparatively low
figure from gasoline.

A very pretty feature of the utility department
is the dairy, of which an illustration appears on
the top of the picture. This is built of pure white

quartz, and set over a perennial spring, the water
flowing to the floor over a huge and beautiful
shell brought from Japan by General Grant. The
floor is paved with encaustic tile, and the whole is
"just too lovely for anything." One might fancy
that even sour cream would taste sweet if from a
beautiful room like this.

With the author of" Suburban Home Grounds,"
the subject of our frontispiece, and these illustra-
tions of good landscape gardening, we have a
good landscape gardening number. We hope it
will stimulate effort in that direction, as much of
the pleasure of gardening dwells in beautiful
grounds.

A Fraud and His Partners. — The Editor of
the New England Homestead kindly informs us
that some scamp is pretending to be a corre-
spondent of our two papers, and " for a considera-
tion," will insert in his correspondence a "puff" of
their establishments.

Parties who sell counterfeit money and then
cheat their dupes out of money advanced, by
giving them nothing, are safe because they know
that the intention of their dupes to be a party to
the fraud, would criminate the dupes if knosvn.
They keep quiet, for no one sympathizes with them
when the facts are known.

So with these dupes, any man who pays for a
puff in an article intended to appear as reading
matter, is a party to a fraud and ought to suffer.

But is it not wonderful that anybody will give
money to a stranger for any purpose whatever ?

Ridiculous Names for Fruits.— Big Rob's
Baby is the latest specimen. Next we would sug-
gest Big Bob's Baby's Boot, for of course it must
be alliterative. Then when some rival thinks he
has something better than this raiser has given us,
it can be called "The Buster of Big Bob's Baby's
Boot," or some such expressive cognomen ; or Big
Bob's Baby's Boot Badly Broken.

A Fungoid Disease. — It is wonderful how an
error once started, becomes prevalent, even among
those who should know better. As the word " a
fungoid disease " fell from the lips of the Editor
some years ago. Prof. C. V. Riley, who was at his
elbow remarked " why do you say fungoid dis-
ease ?"

There has been no need for Prof. Riley or any
other person to ask that question of the Editor
since. But we see it in works in the old world, of
the highest scientific pretensions ; "a fungoid dis-
ease" means a disease resembling a fungus. It is
the intention to say a disease originating through

38o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

the operations of a fungus ; we mean a fungal,
not a fungoid disease. Many a time have we
mentally thanked Professor Riley for the hint.

Azalea Mollis. — Germans who try to do
English, often do it very prettily. The following
is from a catalogue intended for English readers:

" The Azaleas Mollis has now become one of the
most important plants in the commerce and
forms a special culture of my Establishment.

"Since the merit of that avantageous plant
has been recognized I have applied myself to de-
velop the culture of it.

'• Once having seen its fine heads covered with
magnificent flowers of all shades at a time of the
year when nature scarcely allows other plants to
show their buds ; who whould not possess the beau-
tiful colours of the Azealeas Mollis; it, however, is
■chiefly during the winter that this plant makes the
admiration of every body for being forced so well
it is to be found perfectly blooming in the coldest
season of the year."

Then of the Camellia he says —

"The Camellia culture is the one that I am
most fond of; it is a plant that always charms the
€ye ; the greenness of its beautiful foliage pleases
always ; in winter as well as in summer it keeps
its brilliant green colour. How beautiful is a
Camellia when spring arrives ; the flowers of that
■fine plant are admired by every body and are par-
ticularly useful for cutting purpose."

Water Rights. — A Scotch court has decided
in effect, that no one has a right to pollute a
stream so that it shall be unfit to drink by a party
below ; but if water has not been used for general
drinking purposes for forty years, the drinking
rights of parties below have been forfeited.

Famines in the Land.— No one need fear a
recurrence of the famines which, as history re-
lates, formerly desolated the earth ; steam brings
the surplus of favored parts rapidly to the starv-
ing sections. It would not take long in these days
for Abraham's descendants to learn that there
was corn in Egypt. In Ohio this year strawberries
were nearly a failure, at least not half a crop, and
at the July meeting of the Montgomery County,
Ohio, Horticultural Society, Mr. Ohmer wanted to
know what caused the cheapness of strawberries
in this market in view of the fact of only a par-
tial crop here; to which reply was made, and gen-
erally concurred in, that it was due to shipments
from the South. No one can in these days calcu-
late on an increase of price because of a famine
in his immediate vicinity.

Ruskin's Notions of Botany. — Recently we
noted the singular ignorance o( popular magazine
writers about things in botany and horticulture,
that they could know all about by a few moments

of investigation, if they were not so impressed with
the idea that they knew all that is worth knowing.
The case then was Bret Harte. Before us we
have another case in Ruskin, the teacher on Art.
He started to write a book on botany, showing
how it should be taught, and how miserably it was
pursued by botanists, when, by his own confession,
he did not know what a moss is. But he quarrels
with everything that botanists have done and
would reorganize the whole thing. In nomencla-
ture he would change all the terms in use. In the
place of ovary he would have "treasury," pistil he
would replace by "pillar," and for the st'gma he
would have "the volute." Just how much the
study of botany would be helped by these
changes it is hard to see, but the case exhibits the
sort of stuff that passes for literary smartness.

The Papaw Tree, Carica Papaya. — Mons. de
Nobele, in an article on this tree in L Horticul-
titte Beige, says the name Papaya is derived from
the Caribbean word Ababaye.

Mr. M. H. Lester. — Some months since we
noted that Mr. Lester had left New Orleans and
would re-engage as gardener with any one in need
of such services. But a desire to visit the great
exposition at Antwerp, led him to postpone his
wishes in that respect. Having returned, he may
now be found, by addressing him in care of Mr.
W. R. Smith, Botanical Garden, Washington, D. C.

Mrs. M. P. Wilder. — We are quite sure we
may tender on behalf of the whole horticultural
community, its heartfelt sympathy with Col. M. P.
Wilder, in the great loss he has endured by Mrs.
VVilder's death, which occurred on the i6th of
November at his residence in Dorchester.

Joseph Schwartz. —Rose lovers will be
familiar with the name of Mr. Schwartz, who was
becoming famous in connection with new roses.
We see his death announced as occurring at Lyons
on the I ith of October, at the comparatively early
age of 39.

^r*-»

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

R. C. PoPPEY.' — After going to press last month,
we found the following unique specimen on the
Editoral desk, sent over from the publisher's de-
partment. Fearing R. C. P. may not already
have liad the " ample satisfaction " he desires, we
give in addition, his sweet epistle :

" Enclosed please find twenty-five cents in
stamps, for the Gardeners' Monthly of October,

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

381

■1885. I hope the Editor will give me ample sat-
isfaction, and save me the expense and trouble to
seek legal redress. Very respectfully,

" R. C. POPPEY, Wilmington, Mass."

Mr. Grove P. R.wvson. — Mr. Rawson writes:
" If you will take the trouble to ascertain the facts,
you will find that I have the largest florist estab-
lishment in South-western New York, a character
above reproach and honorable in all my deal-
ings."

[We can only repeat our regret that we were
led into those personal matters, by what seemed
to us as a wholly impersonal and innocent com-
munication.— Ed. G. M.]

Prospects of Gardening in Georgia.— A
lady correspondent writing from Dalton, says,
that fruits grow so easy that everybody has thou-
sands, therefore no one needs to buy. Thousands
of bushels of peaches and apples rot on the
ground.

It is not likely to be so long, as that section is
rapidly seeing the advantages of a consuming as
well as a producing class. She says :

" This section is struggling bravely to keep
abreast with the spirit of the age, and in its
schools and colleges, its cotton mills, factories
and many varied industries, agricultural and me-
chanical, displays commendable activity and earn-
estness in the march of progress. Its native
wealth is great, and when its vast . mineral re-
sources are developed, and its mines of gold and
silver, of iron, manganese, coal, stone, talc, etc.,
are made to yield up their treasures to man, and
every vale and hilltop and mountain side shall
ring with the glad notes of thrift and prosperity,
then shall a glorious destiny be realized by this
sweet summer land of Georgia."

E.xaggerated Pictures. — A correspondent
who has had much to do with the staggering task
of making pictures for catalogues, desires us to
publish the following from the London Garden:

" It is said that even the humble worm will
' turn again !' — if trodden upon too often. There
cannot be a more humble and inoffensive individ-
ual tlian the horticultural artist. I, alas I am one.
I have no pretensions to independence of thought
or hand ; I am a mere nurseryman's drudge. I
am not benefitted when I portray a dingy dwarf as
a gorgeous giant. 1 merely do what my kind em-
ployer tells me ; he pays me my humble pittance,
rubs my name off my work, and publishes my
picture. Sir, I am so well acquainted with nur-
serymen's requirements, that I have in constant use
a ' nurseryman's proportional compass' — devised
by myself ; there is a movable screw in the mid-
dle, so that one end may be made to open twice,
thrice, four, or even five or six times more than
the other. If I have a plant from Mr. Swaggs, I

move the screw to Mr. Swaggs' mark, and I
! measure with the small end and draw with the
big one. If Mr. Pelter sends me a plant, I move
the screw to Mr. Pelter's mark, and I always give
satisfaction. 1 call my compass a ' horticultural
i florometer.' When young 1 did not like these
exaggerations, and I trembled for my reputation
and honesty, but my chief nurseryman told me it
was all right, as • he always rubbed the artist's
name off.'

" I was also not long in learning that nursery-
men not only hold the poor draughtsmen in
slavery, but that they ' had ' the publishers as
well. For instance, ^Ir. Topper writes to his pub-
lisher, 'Dear Mr. Sj cophant, — If you will send
your artist to paint my new magnificent Mimulus.
I will take 500 copies of your monthly magazine.'
When the submissive artist goes to the rich nur-
seryman he is told that all the best Mimuluseshave
'gone off;' that a lew poor blooms are left, but
they are not one-quarter the size of those just
'gone off.' If the inoffensive artist will draw
these small flowers exactly four times the size of
natuie, they will well represent the missing blooms.
Should the poor drudge remonstrate, a threat is
held out that the 500 copies will be cancelled, and
Mr. Sycophant, the publisher, will come down on
the draughtsman 'like a thousand of bricks."
Well, sir, I made a mistake once, and I did quietly
enjoy it — behind my master's back. There was a
plant race : Two nurserymen were each madly
eager to get a ■ new plant ' out first. Mr. Swiggers
sent the blooms on to me by post in hot haste,
with a request that I should get his out first at all
risk and an extra half-crown would be my reward.
Sir, I got out my compass — Mr. Swiggers' stretches
more than any other man's; I polished the plant
off like lightning and got it out first. On the day
of its publication I received a letter from Mr.
Swiggers' under-secretary suinmoning me imme-
diately to the plant emporium. Of course I went
— instantly. Mr. Swiggers was there with dilated
eyes, hair on end, and his tongue cleaving to the
roof of his mouth — speechless. At last he said,
'Oh ! Mr. Staggers, 1 tremble under the blow you
have put upon me ; the plant my young man sent
was a dwarf variety, and ought to have been
shrunk in size at least three times; whereas you
have enlarged it with your peculiar compass six
times. I am ruined ! I am ruined ! You artists
are a bad lot ; you have got no sense.' Mr. Swig-
gers took good care never again to employ the in-
i offensive Staggers."

I The Past Year in Washington Territory. —
A lady writes; "Our Washington Territory
weather is nothing if not in an extreme one way

\ or another. March and half of April were hot
and dry as July usually is. Spring-blooming
bulbs were scorched with heat, and 'June roses'
bloomed in April. Now we have had two weeks
of cold rain, and some hail, and prospect of
'more.' Mrs. Thomson's plan for propagating
reminds me that I used to fill my wash-boiler with
boiling water, set over it a shallow box with the

382

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

bottom thickly perforated, and in that, covering service. The • York and Lancaster ' Rose is very-
all the openings, set the cans of slips I wished to common here. People call it the Calico Rose. I
root. I thought the bottom heat thus obtained of am very glad of a better name. F. E. B."

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.

BY G. L. B.

The annual exhibitionof Chrysanthemums by the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, on the 1 2th
and 13th of Novembsr, was in many respects the
most successful ever given in Boston ; and that is
saying a great deal, as these exhibitions have taken
place for years, and do not depend upon a mere
fanciful craze among society people for their popu-
larity or completeness. The horticultural taste in
Boston is too deep and sincere to be eddied here
and there by the whims of fashion, and that is the
reason for the unvarying progress and popularity of
the Boston Flower Shows. Over ten thousand
people attended this exhibition, and had it been
kept open another day, not less than 15.000 would
have attended. Some of the principal growers
did not exhibit, owing to various vicissitudes,
among them Marshal P. Wilder and C. M. Atkin-
son. Last year the latter staged some of the most
remarkable specimens of single stem Chrysanthe-
mums ever shown in this country, and it was re-
gretted that he could not compete this year.

The upper hall of the Society, comprising 5.000
square feet, was devoted to Chrysanthemums in
pots and the Orchid displ.iy ; while the lower hall
was given over to cut blooms, and fruit and vege-
tables. Even both of these large halls were inad-
equate to hold the various collections.

The first prize for the 6 Chinese Chrysanthe-
mums was taken by Dr. H P. Walcott, of Cam
bridge, with the following varieties — Mrs. Forsythe,
Bruce Finlay, Baron Buest, King of Crimsons,
Mrs. Sharp and Mrs. Shipman. These were mag-
nificent plants, in twelve-inch pots, grown naturally,
the blooms not tied down, and each plant between
4 and 5 feet high, and averaging 5 feet across. The
same may be said of all this grower's plants, which
were admitted to be the best grown plants ever
shown in one lot in this country.

Dr. Walcott was also first for 3 Chinese — Mrs.

Dixon, Christine and Alfred Salter. He was also
first for 6 Japanese, with glorious plants of La
Charmense, Flambeaux, Nevada, Bouquet Fait,
Golden Dragon and President Parkman. For 3
Japanese, Dr. Walcott came first with Fair Maid
of Guernsey, Moussillac, and Belle Valantinan.

For 4 pompons. Dr. Walcott was first with
Salamon, La Vozne, Mdlle Marthe and Golden
Mdlle Marthe. The specimen Chinese Chrysan-
themum, Gladstone, offered by Dr. Walcott, took
the first prize, and the latter took first prize for
specimen Japanese Chrysanthemum, with Fernand
Feral.

Dr. Walcott's only competitor in these classes
was a new grower, Mr. Edwin Fewkes, of New-
ton, whose plants, while smaller, were yet well
grown and very clean and perfectly flowered. He
took all the second prizes for specimens. The
first prize for forty specimens, not less than 10
varieties, was awarded to E. W. Wood, who
staged handsome plants of the following — Annis,
Bouquet Fait, Citronella, Damio, Dr. Sharpe,
Elaine, Fremy, Fair Maid of Guernsey, Golder>
Circle, Golden George Glenny, Golden Dragon,
Gray's Golden Be verly, Mabel Wood, Johr»
Salter, Madame B. Rendatler, M. Plauchinan,
Mr. Geo. Glenny, Mr. Geo. Rundle, Prince .Alfred,
Prince of Wales, Semiramis, Snowball, Souvenir
de Mercedes, Seur Melanie, Temple of Solomon,
and White Eve.

Edwin Fewkes was second in this class and
Patrick Mai ley third. The first for anemone flow-
ered Chrysanthemum was taken by Dr. Walcott
with a grand specimen of Timbale argent. Other
collections were shown by Norton Brothers, Hovey
& Co., Warren Heustisand Mrs. Francis B. Hayes.
Among the collections and specimens many new
varieties were shown, the Japanese class predomi-
nating.

The display of cut blooms was very large, and
hundreds of seedlings were shown. It is evident
that while the tendency to grow these is laudable,
and should be encouraged, that on the other hand
there is a tendency to flood the field with varieties
wliich are not distinct or remarkable. Many

1885.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

383

named kinds have been placed in commerce, which
a year hence will be thrown aside by growers as
worthless. Standing out in marked distinction
with the average run of seedlings was a magnifi-
cent white reflexed flower shown by Dr. Walcott.
Thi=, which was labelled C 10, was considered the
finest white seedling ever shown in Boston or any-
where else. It is a perfectly shaped globular
flower, with firm strap-shaped petals of such pure
color that Elaine looks dusky beside it. The petals
reflex in such a way that the flower appears to be
globular, and the centre is filled to perfection.
The specimen on exhibition measured over 4
inches across. It was awarded a first-class certifi-
cate of merit, and was stolen on the last night of
the exhibition by some one who no doubt hoped
to propagate it from the stem. Dr. Walcott
showed blooms of other fine seedlings, notably
a yellow and a pink Japanese flower, both very
large and promising. A silver medal was awarded
Dr. Walcott for an immense plant of his seed-
ling B 25. This is a small reflexed flower of vigorous
habit, but whose chief charm is its intense dark
yellow color. It is quite distinct in this respect,
and will prove a valuable acquisition. Other fine
seedlings of Dr. Walcott, viz., George Walcott,
lilac striped, Colorado Yellow and Algonquin Yel-
low were shown and generally admired. Mr.
Fewkes exhibited a group of seedlings, all of good
form and color.

A large group of seedlings was shown by Patten
■& Co., of Salem, most of them inclining to be
open eyed, but noticeable for _the varying forms
and colors, which \yere pleasing.

J. Lewis Childs staged a good group of cut
blooms, and E. M. Allen exhibited a bronzy yellow
seedling called Brazen Shield.

In the competition for cut blooms Edwin Fewkes
was first, with 12 blooms of Chinese Chrysanthe-
mums. This was a very perfect lot, and were
named Isabella Bott, Rival Little Harry, Princess
Teck, Barbara, Hereward, Eve, Mr. Corbay,
Mabel Ward, St. Patrick, Nil Desperandum, Lady
Slade and Mr. Bunn. He was also first for 6
blooms of Chinese, as follows— Lord Wolseley,
Guernsey Nugget, Pietro Diaz, Princess of Wales,
Mrs. Forsythe, General Slade.

E. Shepard, of Lowell, staged 12 cut blooms of
Japanese Chrysanthemums, and took the first
prize in this class. The first prize for 24 sprays of
Japanese blooms went to Edwin Fewkes for un-
exampled specimens of Souvenir de Haarlem,
Carmen, Gloire de Toulouse. Album plenum.
La Frizure, Daimio, Fulton, President Parkman,

Ben d'Or, Beaute de Toulouse, Source d'Or,
Bouquet Fait, Dr. Masters, L'Incomparable,
Baron de Prailly, Moonlight, Flambeau, Oracle,
Boule dOr, .-Vurore Boreale, Mme. C. Andiguer,
M. Paul Fabre, Gloire Rayonnante, Margot.

Mr. Fewkes took first for 24 sprays of Chinese
as follows — Faust, Jardin des plantes. Princess
Teck. Talford Salter, Souvenir Mercedes, Presi-
dent Sanderson, General Slade, Golden Queen
Antonelli, Isabella Bott, Hero of Stoke Newing-
ton. Cherub, Hereward, Mr. Bunn, Barbara, Venus,
Mr. Corbay, Eve, Jeanne d'Arc, Mrs. Forsythe,
Rival Little Harry, Mrs. Dixon, Mr. Geo. Glenny
Mabel Ward.

Mr. Fewkes was first for 6 blooms of Japanese —
Baron de Prailly, Soleil Levant, J. Delaux, Belle
Paule, Chinoiseire, Mrs. C. Cary.

As is always the case, the display of Orchids
was large, and crowds surrounded the stage, which
was filled with splendid specimens. Fred L.
Ames took first prize for 3 orchids, showing Cypri-
pedium insigne Maulei, with some 18 flowers
Odontoglossum Alexandras, and Vanda Sander-
iana, the latter bearing a spike of 7 highly-colored
flowers. E. W. Gilmore was second with Oncid.
ornithorynchum, 3 feet across, Odontoglossum
grande, and a fine specimen of Saccolabium
Blumei majus. The third prize for 3 orchids was won
by F. L. Ames, with Vanda coerulea, Phatenopsis
amabalis, and Cypripedium Spicerianum, the latter
with about 15 flowers open. E. W. Gilmore was
fourth with Dendrobium formosum giganteum
Oncidium variosum and Lycaste Skinneri.

David Allan took first prize for a specimen or-
chid with Vanda ccerulea, the blue flowered
Vanda, bearing two fine spikes. F. L. .A.mes was
second with a glorious specimen of Cypripedium
Harrisonianum. W. A. Manda. of the Cambridge
Botanic Garden, had a fine lot of orchids and rare
greenhouse and hardy plants. Mr. Ames exhibi-
ted for the first time Cypripedium tessalatum por-
phyreum,a fine hybrid, and Cypripedium Tonson,
a species. Both are striking orchids, and received
a certificate of merit. There were many other
rare orchids on the stage, the whole producing a
floral tout ensemble, which cannot easily be de-
scribed. There were brilliant collections of cut
flowers from many other exhibitors, which in this
limited report cannot even be alluded to in detail.
The fruit display was large and especially good
as to pears. Among the latter were Angoulemes,
Anjous, Langeliers, Lawrences, Vicars and Winter
Nelises.

J. P. Knight exhibited Japanese pears and two

384

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

seedlings from the same. One of the latter was
remarkably beautiful. A dish of Psidium (Guava),
which is rarely seen, was shown by Mrs. F. B.
Hayes.

The Society has. just appropriated $5800 for
prizes for the year of 1886, and its e.\hibitions for
that year are likely to bi larger than ever. A |
not unlikely probability is. that within a year the
Society will secure a lot of land on the Back Bay
district and erect a light building for large e.xhibi-
tions, having from ten to fifteen thousand square
feet, all on one level. When it is stated that the
yearly receipts of the Society for admission to its :
four great exhibitions, have grown from about
$600 in 1882, to over $3 600 in 1885, the necessity
for increased accommodation will be appreciated.

HORTICULTURAL DISPLAYS.

BY JOHN WOODING.

The Autumnal exhibition of plants and flowers
of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society was a
great improvement on last year. All the exhibits
were very good indeed, especially were those
plants good of an exotic nature It is almost
unnecessary for me to name here all those who
exhibited plants and flowers and received pre-
miums, as the list has been published in the Phila-
delphia daily papers, but I will name a few plants
which I saw there, and by whom exhibited,
worthy of special notice. A collection of tube-
rous begonias by Mr. H. A. Dreer were very
good, with double scarlet and pink flowers. These
are a great improvement on some of the older
varieties. I think these would do very well as
summer bedders in a partly shaded position, and
would have a very striking effect. They were
awarded a special premium. Another plant, a
palm, and the only one of the species I saw there,
was Cocos Weddeliiana, of recent introduction, by
the same exhibitor. This is one of the most
graceful palms in cultivation, and would make a
fine decorative plant for the dinner table. It is
of a dwarf habit, and has fine recurved foliage.
This plant is rather scarce and dear, costing about
fifteen dollars in an eight-inch pot. I have one of
them which seems to do well with the usual
method of treatment for palms. Two other plants
of recent introduction, and the only two I saw
there of the kind, were Abutilons. These are
quite distinct from any I ever saw before. They
are fine ornamental foliage plants, beautifully
variegated, streaked with crimson and golden yel-
low. I have mislaid the botanical name. The

flower is insignificant, — indeed, if they did not
flower at all, they are well worthy of a place
in any collection. One of these plants was exhi-
bited by Messrs. Fergusson & Sons, Laurel Hill
Nursery ; the other by Mrs. Jayne's gardener (Mr.
Nesbet). Both exhibitors were awarded premiums.
A collection of fifteen ornamental foliaj^e plants
exhibited by A. Warne, gardener to C. H. Clark,
Esq., West Philadelphia, were deserving of special
notice on account of their fine, healthy appearance.
The Marantas showed up their markings to per-
fection, and were well grown and much admired.
A first premium was deservedly awarded for them.
The Caladiums on exhibition, I think, could not
be excelled, were in a high state of cultivation,,
and displayed their elegant and brilliant mark-
ings to perfection. It may be here noted that the
plant commonly known as Caladium esculentum
does not belong to this genus.

A few water lilies were exhibited by the well-
known dealer in aquatics, Mr. Sturtevant ; of Bor-
dentown. New Jersey. Nymphaea odorata, double
white, and two or three others of a pink color;
very fine. Also the lace plant, growing in a small
tank of water, quite a curiosity, were awarded a
special premium.
I Speaking on the subject of flower shows, they
1 do not seem to have the patronage they deserve
by the wealthy classes. Probably if Canon Farrar
could have been induced to give a lecture one
I night during the show, the exhibition itself might
I have been more successful. I am informed by
fellow-members of the society, that the receipts
from visitors to the show did not. pay more than a
' third of the expenses. It will be impossible for
the society to continue to give premiums in money,
if the exhibitions are not better patronized. The
income from the three dollars a year membership
IS hardly equal to this object.

Pencoyd, Montgomery County, Pa.
[We have here again the suggestion often made
before of the difficulty of getting the great public
to appreciate horticultural exhibitions. We have
had our say often before, and have pointed out the
weak places, with little effect, however.

We will only say, in brief, here that there is no
reason why any exhibition should lack the fullest
patronage if managed in the way a business man
would manage his business. There is not a per-
son in the world but loves fruits, flowers and gar-
dens, and every person who could spare the time
and money would come to the exhibition when he
was made to understand that there was something
worth seeing.

1885.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

38?

Too often— and we are not referring now to the
meeting of the Pennsylvania Society^there is
little more to be seen at a horticultural show than
people can see without spending time or money in
any ordinary garden, or, perhaps, at a street cor-
ner. When a society finds that even heavy
premiums fail to bring out the articles that people
would certainly flock to see, why not consider
what would bring out these excellencies ?— Ed.
G. M.]

OPENING DAY OF THE NORTH, CENTRAL
AND SOUTH AMERICAN EXPOSITION.

BY J. E. WALDO.

Yesterday was truly a gala day in New Orleans.
All business was suspended. Many of the stores
were not opened even for the early morning hours,
the city devoting itself to the ceremonies of the
opening day of the Exposition. Many buildings
were handsomely decorated. Bunting was freely
displayed in all directions. At an early hour the
streets were filled with people crowding to the
different railroad and steamboat lines to the Expo-
sition grounds, and by 12 o'clock it is estimated
that 50.000 people were on the grounds. If the
attendance at opening day is to be taken as any
manner of augury for the future, then will the
Exposition be a grand success. Music Hall, plat-
form, chair seating in front of the platform and
galleries were filled to their utmost capacity, and
while there was no appreciable diijiinution in the
crowds on the grounds, this crowd in Music Hall
to hear the speeches and listen to the music could
not have been less than 12,000. Professor Aquin's
band of fifty pieces, assisted by several hundred
voices, added much to the eclat of the occasion.
Their performances were enthusiastically received
and encored again and again. The grounds were
in good order, and the spaces in the buildings were
allotted weeks ago ; but the hammers and saws of
the exhibitors, as is usual in similar expositions,
were heard on all sides. Possibly two weeks
hence may see some of the exhibitors still getting
in position. The management have caused the
space in Horticultural Hall, in which the grand
fruit display of last year was made, to be laid out
as a winter garden, and very tastefully. Many
very fine plants, both tropical and semi-tropical,
are used in its forrnation. It will doubtless prove
very attractive to visitors. But of the policy of
thus giving up the effect of one grand concentrated
fruit display, and by so doing forcing a dozen or
more Iruit displays in different State exhibits, I leave
for others to speak. Last year's fruit display was

grand and very attractive. The divided fruit dis-
plays by the different States and territories possibly
may be equally attractive. In the large green-
house attached to Horticultural Hall our New
Orleans florists have some fine displays. •

New Orleans, Nov. nth.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Chrvs.'vnthemu.m Show of the Pennsyl^
VANi.\ Horticultural Society. — As our De-
cember number goes to press earlier than others on
account of the preparation of the Index for the-
whole volume, we have space for but a short ac-
count of this admirable exhibition. Even had we
time, half the whole numbsr would be required to
do it justice ; for, certainly, such an exhibition has-
never before been held in our country.

We may say m a general way, that the improve-
ment in growth was very marked over last year.
A large number of exhibitors had learned to grow
the plants so vigorously, that the heads of flowers
were borne on strong, self-supporting stalks, and
only a few stakes were used here and 'here to-
make the plants proportionate. In a few instances,
however, the old plan of using a forest of sticks,
was still retained. In one collection where they
were extensively used, there were forty-two stakes
in the one pot, and almost a whole ball of twine em-
ployed to keep each flower in place.

The first premium of $100 was awarded to Mr.
Walter Coles, of Claymont, Delaware. His fifty
plants were of irregular sizes and forms, but the
comparative absence of stakes was marked, and
the plants had on the whole, a natural look. A
few of the plants were superb specimens. The
majority of the plants had about 200 well-formed
flowers on each. One called Jessica, white quilled
with a darker strap shaped edge, was about 4 feet
high by 4 feet wide. Another yellow, called
gloriosum, was about 4x4 feet at the base. The
plant had a somewhat conical form, and was-
clothed with flowers from bottom to top. In_
globose form there was President Arthur, about
3x3 feet, the flowers pink-quilled and about 6
inches across.

Mr. Warne, gardener to Clarence H. Clark,
came very close to this collection, but the plants
were rather over-trained. These were globular,
mostly about 3x3 feet, and each flower trained out
so as to show itself to advantage. At a little dis-
tance the plants looked like a grand collection of
azaleas, so evenly were the flowers arranged.
This plan of growing them is well adapted for

386

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

decorative purposes ; and it was this collection
ciiiefly, arranged on ascending steps, that gave the
chief attraction to the Hall.

Of seedlings there were over seventy five varie-
ties,offered in competition, all possessing some
merits which will no doubt develop into something
better after cultivation. The committee thought
the new white seedling, "Edna Craig," anemone
centered, of extra merit for the purity of its color,
large size (five inches), fine substance of petal and
general good character. They awarded a silver
medal to Hallock, Son & Thorpe.

"Yum Yum" the committee also approved as
being quite new and distinct in color and form, the
petals being tubular fully two thirds of its length,
expanding into an open flat surface of crimson, the
large yellow disk showing more prominently than
in any known variety. Bronze medal awarded to
Hallock, Son & Thorpe.

A bronze medal was given to Richard Brett, of
Short Hills, N. J., for the seedling ''Bessie Pitcher,"
a Chinese anemone of rose pink color, with pink
centre.

Silver medal for a seedling called"Pink Beauty,"
but which the committee recommended should be
called "Laurel Hill," to Julius Wolff. This is
a Japanese variety. Special mention was made
of a white seedling, "Avalanche."

The smaller collections by growers, dealers and
amateurs were mostly arranged in tasteful clumps
with walks between on the floor of the grand hall;
but so great was the demand for space that the
different collections could not be kept well distinct,
and the public had no opportunity to judge of the
comparative excellencies of the separate collec-
tions, or in many cases to know whose collections
he was looking at. There was a beautiful speci-
men of Madame de Pallenville with 650 flowers,
the plant being only about 18 inches high from the
pot, but 4 feet across, the owner of which we could
not guess at.

Another oversight is the lack of prominent labels.
All had small wooden tallies somewhere down in
among the vegetation, which few could reach or
read when found. Dreer, Coles and Warne had
cards attached to stakes near the eye hne, for
which visitors were thankful. The cut flower de-
partment was unique ; and many from other States
competed. Dreer and Coles must have had about
200 kinds each ; and though one might wonder
how it was possible there could be anything novel
after all these, the seedlings of Hallock & Thorpe
and Richard Brett showed numbers wholly new
and very beautiful.

We are sorry our space commands us to stop ;
but we must add that no exhibition for many years
took the public by surprise as this did. Thousands
flocked to see it, and the influence on public taste
was very great. The public will see when there is
novelty to look at.

The New York Chrysanthemum Show. — A cor-
respondent says ; " The exhibition was magnificent,
both in specimen plants, cut flowers, and designs
of Chrysanthemums. Autumn leaves and fern
fronds were used in making up, and there were
some elegant baskets, bouquets, etc. The loose
natural arrangement was very effective. There
were some flowers that measured nearly 8 inches
in diameter. There were some marvellously large
and perfect flowers of Comte de Germany and
Grandiflorum, among Hallock & Thorpe's collec-
tion. They showed some wonderfully improved
flowers in the Anemone class. A six feet standard
of Triomphe de la Rue de Chatelets was a grand
affair. There was nothing more distinct in the
yellows (Japanese) than Mrs. R. Brett, and hardly
anything better in the pink section than Bouquet
Fait ; and it is hard to find a better flower than M.
Moussillac in the high colored class. Fine speci-
men plants of the single Mrs. Gubbins attracted
much attention. Galathee, Jeanne d'Arc, M.
Moynet, Mrs. C. W. Wheeler, Hon. John Welsh,
etc., were among the specially attractive and dis-
tinct sorts."

Horticultural Conve.ntions. — Botany and
horticulture have become so closely interwoven
that the two generally go together now in the old
world. The latest novelty in conventions is to
bring together those who are interested in any one
class of plants, both botanists and horticulturists,
and they exhaust the whole subject. Last year, in
London, they had an orchid convention, and the
advance made in orchid knowledge by the meet-
ing convention was remarkable. Next we are to
have a conference on Primula, or the primrose
family, at South Kensington, on the 23d of April.
The members will examine every plant or speci-
men that might be offered for exhibition. The
24th will be devoted to reading papers, and talks
about primroses. As under this term we have
Auriculas, Polyanthus, American Cowslips and
numberless other popular favorites, the interest in
the convention will no doubt be equal to that
taken in the orchid.

The committee for the United States consists of
Prof. Asa Gray, of Harvard ; Prof. Lawson, of
Halifax, Nova Scotia ; Prof. Thurber, of New
York, and Prof. Meehan, of Philadelphia.

INDEX.— VOLUME XXVII.

Aconite, "Winter, 166
Active Ferment Import-
ant in Creation, ^6
Adiantura cuneatxim aeflex-
um, 108
" rliodophyllum, 108, 109
African Marigold, Chanee.SlO

" Prince, T^iste of, 10
Agave at World's Exp., 159
Age, Yew Trees, 275
Agricult. Dept. U. S., New
Work, .S45
" Grasses, U. S.. 59
*' Ontario School, 29
Alpha Peach, 303
Alstromeria, Hardiness of ,326
Amaryllis Atamasco. 182
" Improved, 330. 331
" in South, 226, 292
" Treta;, 226. 292
Amasouia punicia, 300, 301
Amelanchier Canadensis, 337
America, Another Rosefor.UO

" Forcing Fruits in, 177
American AppleTrade,79 [256
" Ass'n.ScienceBot. Club.
" Blackberries, Eng., 145
" Exhib'n, Dutch Prizes,
" '■ London, 224 [286
" Florist, 314 [318, 320

'• Soc'y, 224, 256, 285,
" Forest Planting, Facts,

369
" Forestry- Profitable, S70
" Fruit Culturist, 284
" Garden, 30
•' " Prizes, 224
" Grape Culture, 367
" " Vines, France, 367
" Nurserymen's Ass'n, 192
■' Peaches, France, 14
" Pomol. Soc, 32, 96, 255,

256, 288, 315. 320, 347
" Seedsmen, 154
" Vine Culture, 80
" Woods, 370
Analysis, Soil, 82, 114
Ancient Forest Fire, 240
Ancients, Lotus of, 25
Andromeda Japonica, 229
Annual, New Nicotiana, 323
AnotherRose for America 140
" Upright Poplar, 134 [149
Anthurium splendidum, 148,
Antiquity Rose in, 276
Antwerp Expos'n, 256,287,319
Aphis. Black, 331
Apple Barrels, Uniformity.lll
" Bentley's Sweet, .368
" Eng., Most Popular, 208
" Gladney, 367
" Newtown Pippin, 335
" Tewkesbury Winter

Blush, 178
" Trade, American, 79
" Trees. Old, 176
" Yellow Forest, 369
Apples, Classification, 208
" Dotted & Russeted, .335
" from Tree, 100 bu., 77
" " " 20O " 143
" Russian, 366
Apricots, Drying, 238
AprU Forest Fire, 180 [103

Arrangement Floral, Taste, I
" Roses asCut Flowers,172
Arthur, Prof. J. C, 284 I

Artichoke, Jerusalem. 334
Artificial Manures, 207
Ashes & Tobacco Stems, 323
Asters, Improved, 134 [264
Astrophytum myriostigraa.
Atamasco Lily. 1-1, 341 [271
Autumn Dry tfe Strawberries,
Azalea Mollis, .380
" " & Rhododendrons,
" nudiflora,322 [25.S

Azaleas, Early Flowering, 173

Bacterian Theory, Pear I

Blight, 368 " I

Badly Sold. 187 [366 '

Bad Sparrows, Good Use for.
Bags, P.aper, for Grapes, 178, .
Banana Culture, 13 [206

Bark Insects. Fruit Trees, 365
Barrels, Ai)ple, Uniform, 111
Baskets, Hanging, Make, 139
Bartram's Bot. Garden, 26
Beans, Ijiina. No Poles, 49
Beautiful Pansies, 202
Beauty, Ericaceous, 22

" 0"aks,326
Bedding, Canada Carpet, 66

•• Plant Portraits, 196
Bed, Rose, Worms in, 37
Bee Nuisance, 177
Bees and Fruit, 177
Beetle Pea, Last Century, 3.34
Begonia Feastii, 267 [7

" Florida incomparabilis,
" hybrida gigantea, 173
** metallica, 5
Begonias, Notes on, 69

'■ Shrubby, 200 [319

Belgian Exposition, 256. 287,
Bengal or China Roses, 99
Bennett, W. F., Rose, 70
Bentley's wweet Apple, 368
Bermuda Grass, 4 [304

Berries^indlev Grape,Small,
Berry, Holly, Yellow, 117
Best New Roses, France, 354
Betula alba, var. fastigiata.
Big Fruits, 49 [357

Bits of Reminiscences, .56
Black Aphis, .331 field, 275
" Cap Raspberry, Spring-
" Fly, Chrysanthemum,
" Knot, 273 [230,299,359
" Walnut Culture, 17
Blackberries, Am. in Ehig.,145
Blackb'y,Cut-lvd, Eng., 80,178
*' Evergreen, 14
" Wilson, Jr., 208
Bladders, Plum, 278
Bleeding Norway Spruce, 295
Blight, eire, in Pear, 207

" Pear, 335. 366
Blind Shoots, Sunset Rose, 140
" Wood in Rose. 200 [297
" '' Propagating from.
Blueberry Culture, 302
Blush Apple, Tewkesbury,178
BoUers, Flow Pipes in, 299
Bon SUene, New Double, 66
Borer, Dahlia Stem, 229, 261
Botanical Club, Am. Ass'n
Science, 256

Botanic Garden, Bartram, 27
" Montreal, 182
Botanist's J'rn'l, Extracts,3.39
Botany, Early PhUa., 249

" Ruskin's, Notions, 380
Bouquets, Electricity in, 172
Bouvardias, Double," 7, 173
Brenham, Nurseries, Wat-
son's, 345
Briggs, Geo. C, Death, 92
Broken Branches, N. Spruce.

166, 2-27, 276 295
Brussels Sprouts, 238 [379
Bryn Mawr, Grounds near.
Bud Variation, 216
Buddmg and Grafting, 366
Bulb Collecting, 120
Bulbs and Sets, Tuberose, 324

" Flowering, Haarlem, 31

" Grafting Dutch, 373

" Hyacinth, 167
Business, Different Ideas, 3'20
Butternut Wood, 146
By-gone Recollections, 25

Cabbage Disease. 238
" Maggot, '270. 272, 302
Cactaceee at World's Exp.,

159, 192. 287
Cactaceous Plants, l'2.5, 1-50,264
Cacti, Hardy, 261, '276
Cactus Culture, 171,231,265,'296
Cactuses, Dark Flowering,295

" Flowering. 235, 295, 299

" Spineless. 364

" Tender, 296
Calif, and N. Y. Flowers, 278

" Cherries. 302

" Forest Commission, 146

" Fruits, N. O. Exp., 192

" Palm, 294

" Sequoia, Cultivating, 195

" State Bd. Hort., 93
Callicarpa Americana, 327

" purpurea, 101
Camellia, The, 173
Canada & Timber Duties, 113

" Early Peach, 144
Canadian Horticulturist, 154
Candles, Rush-light, 153

" Wax-berrv. 87
Candv Tuft, Dbl Evergreen, 4
Canker Worm & Paris Green,
238 [130

Canna iridiflora Ehmanni, 71,
Can Plants Sleep Centuries,85
Capers. 301
Care & Pruning Orchards, 175

" Lawns, 167
Careless Statements, 126
Carica Papaya, Papaw, 380
Carman, E. S., 28
Carnation Disease, 43, 72

" Pres. DeGraw, Fault &
Remedy, .360
Carnations. Insects on, 106

" New, 202
Carob Tree, 16 [Grounds, 66
Carpet Beds, Can. Govern't
Catalna, 229

" Hardy, So-called, 371
Caterer, The, 30 [227

Cause, Broken N. Spruce, 166,

" Rose Mildew, 107
Causes, Mildew, 361

Cedar, Lebanon, Coning, 69
" in "Va., 134

" Red,TelegraphPoles,240

" Vine, 87
Cedrela sinensis, 358
Celery, Early Arlington, 79

" Good, 366

*' Kalamazoo, 46, 336

" Seed, Wild, 183
Centennial Cherry, '240
Centuries,CanPlants Sleep,85
Cephalonian Fir, Fine Speci-
men, 2'29
Cereusgraudiflorus, Odor,279

'■ Nigh^blooming, 234, 267
Cesspools & Drinking Water,
Cetawayo's Taste, 10 [249
Change, Climate, 338

" Color, V. Regia, 55

" in African Marigold, 310

" Tobacco to Petunia, 279
Changes, Species, Rapid, 19
Chatauqua Lit. Society, 154
Cheap Tree Digger, 272
Cherry, Centennial. 240

" Mahaleb as Timber, 113

■' Wild, Timber, 50
Cherries, Califomia,302

" Under GIass,3e7
Chestnut, Japan. Fruit, 336

" Trees, Sexes, 20
Chicago Orchid Grower, 40
Chicory, &c.. Destroying, 262
Childs, (4eo. W., Gi'ounds,376,
China, Forestry in, 16 [377

'* Podophyllum in, 22

" Tree 164

" Umbrella Tree, 102, 260
Chinese Yam, 125
Chorozema cordata, 361
Chrysanthemum Culture, 42

** Disease, 42

" Fine, 173

" Fly, 230, 299, 359

" Fragments, 162

" Large, 173

" Show, N. Y. City, 386

" " Philadelphia, 385

" Shows, 64, a52 [95, 352
ChrysanthemumsatN. Y.,32,

" from Seed, 101

•' New Styles. 133
Cigar Boxes. Wood for, 308
Cincinnati Florist's Conven-
tion, 224, 256, 285, 318, 320
Cinnamon A'ine, 125
Clapp's FavoritePear,Eu.,208
Classes of Roses. 99
Classification, Apples, 208
Clematis, 130, 1.32, 133

" as Pot Plants, 173

" from S. America, 185

'* Native S. Carolina, 194

•' Root Insects on, 196
Climatic Changes, 338
Clinton. Geo. W., Death, 345
Close Union of Species, 116
Coal Gas KillingTrees,259,291

" Tar on Hot Water Pipes,
139 [Vines, 55

Cochin China Tuberous
Cocoanuts in N. J., 370
Cold Waterto Kill Insects,144
Coleus Disease, 30O

388

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

Coleus, Nonsuch, 17S
Collecting Bulbs, 120

" Plants and Seeds, 61
Colman, Col. N. J.. 15S [150
Colorado,?. Banksiana not in,

" Wild Fruits, 2-19
Color & Flavor in Fruits, 55

" Change, V. Regia, 55
Coluiubia Grajpe, 4a
Combination Hedges, 100

•' Plants, 2-29
Comet Pear, 144, 176, 221, 282
Commission, Forest, Cal., 146
Common Names, Plants, 214,
Coniferae, Handsome, 4 [245

" Rocky Mountain, 114
Coning of Cedrus Libani, 69
Conservatory, J. Gould's, 253

" Small, Palms for, 363
Constance Elliott, Passion

Flower 167
( 'onventions, Hort , 3SG
Copper Wire for Ziuc Labels,
Coral Tree, 169 [101

Corn and Potato Manual, 123
Corner in Oranges, 79
Correction, Persimmon, l>-9
Corsican Pine, 240 241, 336
Cost Steam & Hot Water, 198
232 [Pa., 293

Cottage Gardening, Upland.
Cotton Centennial, 90, 94, 126,
138, l.W, 157, 165, 190

" Moths, Catchnig, 177
Cracking of Fruits, 22
Crocking or Draining fots,3-58
Crop, Strawberry, Short, 302
Crossing Fruits, Effect. 13
Cultivated Plants, Book, 63
Cultivating Orchids, 207

" Mammoth Sequoia, 195
Cultivation, Chrysauthe-
mum, 42

" Cyclamen, 39, 105

" Dove Orchid, 43
Culture, Am. Grape, 367

" Banana. 13

" Olive, 366 [362

" Tree Mignonette, Eug.,

" Black Walnut, 17

'* Blueberrv, 302

" Cactus, 171, 231, 265, 296

" Fig, Florida, 302

" Forest, 180

" Geranium, 134

" Mimulus in Pots, 200

" Plum, 334

" Rhododendron, 262, 295

" Rose, 298

" Silk, 180

" " France, US

" Strawlierry, Effect, 204

*' Verbena, 266
Cure, Grape Vine Mildew, 112

" Hot W.ater, 103
Curious Fact, Var. Foliage, 55
Curl, Peach, 278
Curtis, A. N., Death, 62 [:).57
Cut Flowers, Stephanotis as,

" " Roses, 172

'* L'v'd Eng. Blackberry,
80, 178
Cuttings. Green Wood Grape,

a35
Cyclamen Cultivation, 39, 105

" Flowers 40
Cyclamens, 103
Cypress, Deciduous, Large, 51
Cypripedium grande, 73, 74

''^insigne.2flowers, 117, 182

" cenanthum superbum,
268, 269

Dahlia Stem Borer, 229, 261
Daisy Hen&Chicken,196
Dangers. Wire Fence, 101
Dante's Pronunciation, Ver-
onica, 190
Dark Flowering Cactuses, 295

" H. P. Roses, 293
Darwin, Chas., .59 [83, 84

Davallia Fijiensis plumosa,
'* tenuifohaVeitchiana,233,
234
Dead Trees, Louisville, 341

Death, Briggs, Geo. C, 92
" CUnton, Geo. W., 345
" Curtis, A. N., 62
" Downing, Chas., .58
•' Feast, John, 254
" Hitehings, Mr.. 314
" Hough, F.B., 254
" Hovey, P. B., 218
" Moore, A. J., 345
" Peters, R., 314
" Ritchie, Jas., 123
" Rosenham, Geo.. 188
" Schwartz, Jos., 380
" Sprunt, Rev. .las., 59
'* Sterling, Geo., 30
" Turner, Ohas., iVJ
•• Wright, Chas., 284
Deciduous Cypress, Large, 51
Decorations, Dinner Table, 10.
75 (168

Dendrobes, Winter A Spring,
Dendrobium Dearii, 329 [254
DennisonBros. Greenhouses,
Denuded Norway Spruce, 166,

227, 276, 295
Derivation, Diervilla,126 ri.")2
" Persimmon, 94, 122, 151,
Destroying Chicory, &c., 262
'* Lichens, 4

" Plant Lice, 44 [259,291
Destruction Trees, Coal Gas,
Development, Species, Sud-
den, 55
Dietfcnbachi I Jenmanii, 8, 9
" regina, 174
" rex, 2112, 203
" Wearii, 298
Diervida, Derivation of, 126
Different Ideas, Business, 320
Digger, Tree, Cheap, 272
Diminished Crops by Injured

Foliage, 142
Dinner Decorations, 10, 75
Direction of Letters, 189 [248
Disappearance. Pith in Pl'nts,
Disbranching N.Spruce, Win-
Disease, Cabbage,238 [ter,358
" Carnation, 43, 72
" Chrysanthemum, 42
" Coleus, 300
" Fungoid, 379
" Hollyhock, 166, 217
" Lily, 134

" Peach, N. Zealand, 367
" Raspberry, 368
Diseases, Peach, 147
" Plants, 31, 62
" Roses. 10, 117, 173, 202
Displays, Horticultural, 384
Distribution Gov' t Seeds,

Free, 314
Dotted & Russeted Apples,335
Double Bon Silene, New, 66
" Bouvardias, 71, 173
*' Evergreen Candy Tuft, 4
" Liliuiu speciosum, 134
*' Mignonette Snowball,9S
" Oxalis, 76, 107
" Richardia maculata, 202
" Stacks, .359
Douglas, David, 188 ,

" Spruce, 16 [Run, 30i)
Down Hill, Will Warm Water
Downing, A..I., Reminiscence,
" Chas., " 118 [93

" Death^58 [283

Downing's Fruit Trees, Ajn.,
Dove Orchid Culture, 43
Drainage for Trees, 209
Drainingor (Crocking Pots,35S
Drinking Watei' & Cesspools,

219
Drouth KIliMt, Pl.ants, 277
Drv .Vutiniin >t Strawberries,
Drying .Xpri.-ots, 238 [271

Dryburgh, Anil'w, 283
Dublin.Palm House Near,'S29
Duke Westminster's Garden,
Diiral)ility, Larch, 241
Dutch Bulbs, Grafting, 373

" Prize8,Am.Exhib.,286.218
Duties, Tind)er, Canada, 113

Earle, Parker, 153
E.arlieMtNursery,U.S.,lS8

Early Arlington Celery, 79
" Botany, Phila., 249
" Canada Peach, 144
" Flowering Azaleas'. 173
" " Single Rosesl 229
" Fruits »fc vegetabes, 178
Eaton Grape, 335
Eat or Sell. Fruits to, 208
Economic Use, Nigella Dama-
scena, 115
•' Wild Cherry,185
Ecouomv of Gas Tar, 137
Editors, Hard-working, 283
Educateil Foresters, 209 [204
Effect, Culture on Strawb'ry,
" Drouth, Plants, 277 [183
" Frost, OrangeTrees,Fla.,
*' Pollen, Immediate,
86. 116, 150, 239
Ellierta Peach, 272
Elder, Upright, 4

" Red-flowered, 326
Electricity in Bouquets, 172
Eliza Ganrobert Myosotis, 37
Embankments, Euphorbias

for, 324
Empire State Grape, 78, 144
Encouraging Forest'y.Pa., 113
" Window Gardening, 138
England, Am. Blackberries in,
'■ Forced Fruits in, 13 [115
" Rain-fall " 113

" Strawberry,Growing,367
•' Tree Mignonette, 362
" Waste Land " 51 [208
English Apple.Most Popular.
" Bl'kberry.cut-l'v'd, 80,178
" Gooseberry, Value. 48,78,

239, 275
" Sparrow, 178, 185
Ericaceous Beauty, 22
Eucalj-ptographia, 189
Eugenia Grape, 49
Eulalia, Variegated, 194
Euphorbias for Emljank-
ments, .324 [Pear, 208
E u r o p e, Clapp's F,avorite
Evergreen Blackberry. 14

" Hedges for South, 326
Ever\davTliings, 122
Exaggerated Pictures,381 [319
Exhiliition, Antwerp, 256,287,
" Bulbs. Haarlem, 31
" Pa Hort. Soc. 56th An-
nual, 349 [Prizes, 286
Exhi'utions, Amer. Dutch
" " in London,

" Private Firms, 192 [224
Exhibitor,C.actus,N. O., 192
Exhibitors, Hints to, 64
Expensive Orchids, 173
Experiences, Gardener, 90,112
Exposition. N. Orleans, 94,
126, 138, 1.S5, 157, 165, 190, 191,
•222,223,352
Express, Peachesby,239 [339
Extracts, Botanist's Journal,
Eye, Zinc Labels, Wear, 16 1

Facts. Am. Forest Plant., 369
" Careless Statements of,
" in Forestry, 80 [126
Fagus purpurea tricolor, 294
Fairmount Park Landscape

Gardener, 57
FairyorAtamasco Lily, 181,341
Fam'ily Fruit, Pear as, 208
Families in the Land, 380
Farmland Mortgages, 27
Fastigiate Birch, The. 3.58
Feast, .lolni, Deatli, 354
Fence D.angers, Wire, 101

" Live Wooden, 146
Fermentation Important in

Creation. 246
Ferns, New Varieties, 107

" Seedling. 363
Fern Tree Trunks. Use, 173
Firtile Hybrids, 250

*' Japan Yam, 280
Fibre, Kittool. 17 [■ture,374
Fifty Years, U. S. Horticul-
Fig Culture, Florida, 302

" Self fiTlilizalion, a;o
Finding Rare I'lants, 309

Fine Amelanchier Canaden-
sis, 337
" Chrysanthemums, 173
" Sugar Maples. 294

Fir, Cejphalonian, Fine, 229

Firsdi Pines, RockyMt., Rare,
114

Fire Blight, Enemv or Friend,
" Pear, 207, 335 [367
" Forest, Ancient, 240

" April, 180 [275

Fires, " Protection, 50, 209,
" " Rapidity, 51

First-class Peach, 145 [249

Fish, Water Plant Catching,

Five Acres Too Much, 219

Flavor and Color, Fruits and
Vegetables, .55 [103

Floral Arrangement, Taste,
** Magazines. 60
" Notes, N. O. Expos., 94,
126,138, 1;>5, 157, 165,
190, 191, 222, 223
" " Washington, 2.52

Floriculture, Georgia, 229

Florida Fig Culture, .302
•' Orange Trees, Frost, 183
" Shade Trees for, 2
" Strawberries. 238, 271
" Tulip Tree. ISO

Florist's Society, American,
224, 2,56, 285. 318, 320
" Where Locate, 282,314,346

Flowering Azaleas, Early, 17.'!
'* Bulbs, Haarlem, 31
" Cactuses, ■2:i'\ 295
'* Dendrobes, Winter and
Spring, 168 [267

" Night-blooming Cereus,
" Sunset Rose, 170

Flower Farms, French, 213
" Garden and Pleasure
Ground, 1, 33. 65. 97, 129, 161,
193, 2-25, 257, 289, 321, 353

Flower Note^N. Orleans, 165
" Sister, Letter to, 227 [55
" V. Regia, Color Change,

Flowers, Antiquity Among,
" Cyclamen, 40 [276

•' Garden, Improving, 73
" Irregularity in, 18
" New Roses, 308
" So. Carolina, Native, 371
" 'Two, Cypripedium in-

signe. 117, 182
" Wild, N. Y'. & Cal., 278

Flues, Greenhouse, 107 [359

Fly, Chrysanthemum, 230, 299

Foliage. InjuryADiminished
Crops, 142
" Variegation, 55

Forced Fruits in England, 13

Forcing Fruits, America, 177
'■ Strawberries, 178, 2.36,

237, 273, 347
*' Weakeneil Power
Through, 116

Foreign Grape, Growing, .50
" Gooseberry, 110

Forest Ai>ple, Yellow, 309
'* Commission, Cal., 146
" Culture, 180
" Fire, Ancient, 240
" " April, 1.80
" Fires, 209, 275
li u Protection, .50
" " Rapidity, 51 [305
" Growth, Succession, 210.
" Planting, Facts, Am. ,369

Forester's Canadian Guide,
" Educated, 209 [219

Forests & Water Supply, 307
" Thinning, 240

Forestry. 15. .50. 80. 113. 145. 179,
209, 240, 275, .305, 336. 369
'* American. Profitable, 370
*' Chair, Mich. Univer., 81
" Facts. 80
" in China. 16
'* Lrivw. National, .50
" N. Hampshire, 307
" Old World, 113,
" on the Plains, 15
" Pa., Encouraging, U3

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

Forestry, Profits, 179
Korms, Veg.. Interesting, 51
Fox Grape, 'JS [(i2 i

Kragiueiit.s,(.'iirysan them vim.
Fragrance, 211, 212 [S(i7

France, Am. Ijrape Vines in,
*' Am. Peaclies in, 11
" Flower Farms of, 213
" Hilk Culture in, 113
Fraud and his Partners, 379
FreeDistribut'n^jov'tSeeds,
Fringed Petunias, 13.5 [.S14
Fringe Tree, White, 228 tl«3
Frost on Urange Trees, F'la.,
Fruit and Bees, 177
*' " Veg. Gardening, 11,
4.5, 77, 109. HI, 175, 201,
2:45, 269, 302, 331, SSI
" Culture, Strong's, 189,219
" Display, N. Orleans, 127
" for Fainily, Pear as, 208
" .lapan C'hestnut, .336
" •• Quince, 109
" Pollen Influence, Imme-
diate, 86, 116, 150.239,341
" Trees, H<ark Insects, 365
" Vars., Running Out, 303
Fruiting Salisburia, Lewis-
burg, 216
Fruits & Plan ts,Specimen, 334
" & Vegetables, Early, 178
" Big, 49

" Calif., at N. Orleans, 192
" Color to Flavor in, 5o
'■ Cracking, 22
" Crossing, Effect of, 13
" Forced in England, 13
" Forcing, America, 1//
" Identical. 333
" Injury, Birds, 177
" New, N. Hampshire, 12
4t 4, Production, 348
" Old World, Number, 13
'* Ridiculous Names, 333,
" to Eat or Sell, 2u8 379
" Wild, Colorado, 249
Fuchsias, Specimen, 8
Fumigators, Hot-bed, 50
Fungoid Disease, 379
Fungus, Root, 81

" anil YelIow8,334
" Rose Leaf, 173

Garden, American, 30
" Bartram's Botanic, 27
" Duke Westminster, 218
** Flowers, Improving, 73
" Lady's Rock, 354
" Montreal Botanic. 182
" Our Lady's, '251, 280, S12
Gardener,Gooa,atLib'rty,254
Gardeners, Mechanics', Inter-
ference, 151
" Monthly, .57 [112

" Personal Experience,90,
Gardening, Cottage, Upland,
" for Women, 28 [Pa., 293
'• Georgia Prospects, .381
" Landscape, Work, 61
" NewBrunsw'k, Can.,294
" Ornamental, Ajner., 30
" ■' Sedumsin, 325

" Window, Encourage,138
Gardens, Lorillard's, 88

" Public School, 91, 195
Gardener, John, 28
Gas Killing Roots, 230, 355
" Traes, 2.59, 291
" Loss bv, 331
" Tar, 73

" " Economy of, 137
" " Greenhouses, 76
" " Paint. Pipes. 40, 44
" " Removing, 104
Geography, Cactaceous

Plants, 150
Georgia, Floriculture, 229
" Gardening. 381
** Roses Grown in, 325
Geranium and Pelarg'm. Hv-
Geraniums, 134 rbrid,199,2oO
" New, 98 [104

Ghiesbrecht's, Sericograpnis,
Giddings' Nurseries, 220
Gladiolus Hybrid, Hist'y, 187

Gladiolus, New 'Vars., Rais-
Gladney Apple, 367 [ing, 166
Glasnevin, Palm House, 329
Glass, Cherries under, 367

Glazing, 137

Globe Peach, 331

Goober & Pindar, 281
•' for Pea Nut, 216 [366

Good Celery, Qualification,
" Economy, G:is Tar. 137
" Use for B.a<l Sparrows,
" for Insects, .58 (366

" Gardener at Liberty, 251
" Words lor Prinos and
Holly, 342 [78,2.39,275

Gooseberry, Eng., Value, 48,
" Foreign, 110

Gould's, J ,Conservatory,'253

Goveniinent.Seeds, Free Dis-
tribution. 314

Grafting and Hudding, 366
" Dutili Bulbs, 373

Grafton Simk. InHuence, 117

Grand v']ir\>antlicnrinShow,

Grant Mniiunicnt, .113 [64

Grape, Columbia, 49
" Culture, American, 367
" Eaton, 3.S5
" Empire State, 78, 144
" Eugenia, 49
•' Foreign, Growing, .50
" Fox, '28
" Lutie, .304
" Niagara White, 144
" Rot, 78, 143
" ScuppernoBg, Hist'y, 238
" Ulster Prolific, 335
" Vine Mildew, Cure, 112
" Vines,Am. in France,3h7

Grapes from GreenWood, 335
" Hot-house, Mealv Bugs
" Lindley, Small, 304 [208
" on 'Trees, 14
" Paper Bags for, 178. '206
" Virginia Vallev, 303
'■ White, 143

Grass, Bermuda, 4
" Lawn. 260, 261, 295
" " for South, 3
" Rye. 295
" Sandy Ground, 69

Gray, Dr. Asa, 92

Gray's Bot. Text Book, 219

Greenhouse & House Gard-
ening, 5, 38, 69. 102, 134, 168,
197, 231, -iKi, 296, 327, 360
" Flues, 107 [103

" Mildew Remedy, 39, 45,
" Plants, Mixed, 168 [254

Greenhouses, Dennison Bros.,
" Gas Tar. 76
" Soft Soap for, 364
" Toads in, 173 [.335

Green Wood Cut'gs, Grapes,

Grounds, Geo. W . Childs, 376,
" Ornamenting, 3 [.377

Groves, Olive, Florida. '286

Growing Eng. Gooseb'y. 48,78
" Foreign Grape, ."iO
" StrawlierriesEng.. .367

Growth, Succession, Forest

210, 305

" Timber, Rapidity, 240. 241

" " Rocky Land, 210

" Trees. Rahway. N. J., 338

Haarlem Exhib'n, Bulbs, 31
Hall's Jap. Honeysuckle,
Handsome Coniferse, 4 [262
Hanging Baskets. Make, 139
Hardiness of Alstromeria,326
Hard-working Editors, 283
Hardy Cacti, 261, 296

" Catalpa, So-Called, 372
Hautbois Strawberry, 3.35
Hazel, Witch, 263
Heating, Steam. 10, 267

" Steam & Water. Cost, 198

" " Success, 328
Hedges, Combination, 100

" Evergreen, f or South,3'26

" Spruce and Pine, 4
Helenumpumilum.Native,27
Hen-and-Chicken Daisy. 196
Hepaticas, Improved, 262

Herbaceous Plants, Love, 100
Herbarium, H. Schiver's,148
Her Majesty Rose, 140, 269
Hcteromeles arbutifolia, 117
Hints, Se.a-sonable, 1, 11, 33,
38. 45,6.5,97,102,129, 141.161,
175, 193, '204, 225, 235, 25;. '263,
•269. '289, 321, 3'27, 3:n, 364
Hints to Exhibitors. 64
History, Hybrid Gladiolus,187
" Leconte Pear, 282
" of Species, 19
" Pineapple, 28
" Souppernong Grape, 238
Hoe, Plea for the, 3a5
Holes, Zinc Labels, Wear, 164,
261. 273 [342

Holly & Prinos, Good Words.
" Mvrtle. Yellow Berry. 117
Hollyhock Disease, 166, 217
Home and Abroad. Ericas. 22
'■ Florist, The, 1.53 [261
Honey Locust, White L'v'd,
Honeysuckle, Hall's Jap., 262
Honors to M. Carriere, 122
'• " M. Rodigas, 253

Horticultural Ass'n Penna,
96, 127
" Conventions, 386
" Displays, 384
" Directory, U. S., 1.53
" Knowledge, 152
'■ Societies, 31, 63, 94, 126,
155, 190, 222, 255, '286,
315, 347, 382
'■ " Local Meetings, .3.52
" Society, Ills., 29
" " Mass.,32,63,64.94,98,
156, 168, '284, 352, 382
" Miss. Valley. 29
" N.Y.,32, 95, 3.52
" Penna., 32, 96, 159.
192,224,3)9,385
" " " State, 32
•' " Summit Co.. O., 154
" " Worcester Co., 125
Horticulture, Can. St. Bd.,93
" Ladies and. 119
" N. O. Expos'n. 94.126,138,
" Progressive, 68 [155. 1.57
•• Public Schools, 91, 195
" U. >S., last .50 years, 375
Host Plants of Mistletoe. 341
Hot-bed Fumigators, 50 [208
" House Grapes, Mealy Bug,
" Water & Steam, Cost, 232
" " Cure, 103
" " Flow Pipes, 299
■' " Pipes, 42
" " " Removing Tar, 104
■' " " Tar on, 10, 139
" " " " Paint. 40, 44,104
Hough, F. B., Death, 254
Hovey. P. B., Death, 218
How John's Wife made
Money at Home, 123
" the Farm" Pays, 29
" to Hybridize. 87 [182
'* *' produce Variegation.
" " Propagate Fruit, 93
Hundred Bu.Apples,lTree,77
Hyacinth Bulbs, 167
H\ acanthus candicans, 133
Hvbrid Bulbs, 167
'' Gladiolus. Hist'y, 187
" P. Roses. Dark, 293
" " Yellow, 357

" Rose, Geran. & Pelarg.,
199, 2.50
Hybridize. How to, 87
Hybrids, Fertile, 250

Ideas, Different Business, 320
Identical Fruits, 333
Ilex cornuta, 357
Illinois Hort. Society, 29
Immediate Influence, Pollen,

86, 116. 160, 239. 341
Importance. Fermentat'n 246
Improved Amaryllis, 530, 331
" Asters, 134
" Hepaticas, 262
" Saur Kraut, 367
Improvement in Propagating
Plants, 172

Improvem'nt Wall-flower,134
Improving Garden Flowers,
Index Medicus, 154 [73

Individuality, Plant, 148
Influence, Grafton Stock, 117
" Pollen on Fruit, 86, 116,
1.50, 239, 341
Injurious Insect, Tomato, 112
In lury. Foliage* SmallCrops,
142
" Fruit Crops, Birds. 177
" Roots by Gas, 230, 355
" 17-year Locust, '262
In Memoriam, 315
Insect Problem, 77, 144
" Tomato, Injurious, 112
" Cabbage Root, 270, 272,302
" Cold Water to Kill, 144
" Good for, .58
" Injurious. r>5
" Rose and Carnation. 106
" Root, on ('leinatis, 196
" Tar Water Against, 195
Insects, Bark Fruit Trees, 365
Intelligent Readers, 253, 346
Interesting Plaices, 217

'■ Veget.able Forms, 51 [1.51
Interference with Gardeners,
International Exp., Antwerp,

2.56, 287, 319
Introduction, New Vegs., 79
" in I880, 350
Ireland, Shamrock of, 220
Irises, Japan, .37
Iris juncea, 68

Iron Surfaces. Preserving,196
Irregularity. Flowers, 18
Is Eng. Gooseberry Worth

Jalap Root. 148 [Growing. 48
Jamaica Tree 'romato. 183
Japan Chestnut, Fruit, 336

" Honeysuckle, Hall's, 262

■' Irises, 37

" Maples, H3

■' Persimmon, 14

" Plum, 112. 144

" Quince, Fruit, 109

*' " Preserves, 145

'• Snowball. 326

" Yam, Fertile, 280 [68
Japanese or Ramanas Rose,

'^ Tea, 186
Jerusalem Artichoke,334 [219
Jesup Collt'n, Woods of U.S.,
Jewell, Strawberry, 273, 274
Josephine deMalines Pear,238

238
Judges, Anvers Exposit'n,256

Ka?Tupferia GiU.ertil, 20, 21
K.alam»zoo Celery, 46, 336
Kill Insects, Cold Water, 144
Killing Roots, Gas, '230

" Trees, Gas, 2.59, 291
Kind Words, Subscriber's.l54
Kittool Fibre, 17
Knot. Black, 273 [1'22

Knowledge,Common Things,

" Horticultural, 162

Labels, Zinc. 79, 101, 164, 273
Ladies' & Horticulture,119
'• Traces orTresses,63,119
Lady'sGarden,Our,251,280,312

" " Rock Garden, 3.54
Lamarck Rose, 295
Lampblack Paint, Pipes, 104
Land, Famines in the, 380

" Rockv, Timber in, '210

" Waste, England, 51
Landscape Gardener, Fair-
mount Pa' k, 57

" Gardening Work, 61
Larch Durability, '241
Large Chrysanthemum, 173

" Deciduous Cypress, 51

" Old Trees. 145

" Pears, '208

" Pinus excelsa, 229

'• Pufl-ball, 117

'• Trees, Planting, 3.5, 3«
Last Century, Pea Beetle, 334
Late Fl. Paeonies. Tall, 67

" " Single Roses, 229
Lavatera arborea variegata,
196

39°

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December.

Law, National Forestry, 50
Lawn Grass, 260. 261, 2(15
for South, 3
Lawns. Care of. 167

" ^;Ut on, 230 [366

LawsoM r,'ar. 44. 176. 221. 2K2.
Leaf, Spotted, Pine Trees, .S70
Lelianon Cedar, Coning, 69

" in V,a., 134
Leconte Pear, History, 282
Lee. R. E., Peaeli, 27.5 [ISg
Ijeliman, Cliristian. Nursery,
Lemmon, Prof. J. G., 2!s3
Lester, M. H., 3K0
Letter, Paris. 310

" to Flower Sister, 227
Letters, Direction of, 189
Lewisl>urp, Salisl)uria at. 216
Lialiility, Seed.^inen, 1H7
Lice Plant. Destroying, 44
Lichens, Destroying, 4
Lilium Leichtliiii. 68
" speciosuin. Double, 134
" trigynum, 7 [341

Lily, Ata'masco or Fairy, 181,
*' Disease, 1-14
" of Valley. 286
" Victoria. N. Orleans, 5
Lima Bean.s — No Poles, 49
Lindley Grapes, Small. 304
Lines on Dr. Warder, 90
Linseed Oil A .Sulphur for

Rose Mildew, 267
Literature, Travels and Per-
sonal Notes, 22, ."iR, 87, 118,
1.51, 187. 217, 2.51, 310, 342. ,371
Lithography. Nursery, 92
Live or Die. M.igazines. 27

" Wooden Fence, 146
Lobelia cardinalis, 326
Local Names of Plants. 344
Locate.Where to, 282, 314, 346,

380
Location, Florists, 2f 8. 314,346
Loco Weed, 186 [261

Locust. Honey, White L'v'd,
" 17-year, injury by, 262
" Yellow, One-leaved, 210
London, Amer. Exhibit'n,224
Lophospermum scandens, 34
Lorillard's Gardens, 88
Loss by Gas. .331
Lotus of Ancients. 2.5 [.341
Louisville. Ky., Dead Trees.
Love of Herbaceous Plants,
Ijusiades Rose, 201 [100

Lutie Grape, 301

Magazine Postage, .34.5
" Floral, 60
" Live or Die, 27
Maggot, Cabbage, 270, 272^02
MagniticentCcphalonianFir,

229
Magnolia cordata, 196, 230, 260
Mahaleb Cherry as Tim li'r,l 13
Mak- Hanging K'sk'ts,To,139
•' Timber Profitable, Way.
241 [Monthly, 57

Making Known, Gardeners'
Mammoth Sequoia, Cult., 195
Manettia cordilolia, 232, 290
Manual. Agricultural. 154
Manures, Artificial, 207
Maples. Japan, 143

" Sugar, Fine, 294
Marbled Rose, 165 [310

Marigold, African, Change in,
Mass. Hort. Society, .32, 63, 64,
94, 96, 1.56, 2S4, 3.52, 382
Materia Medica, 345
Maurandya Barclayana, 286
Mechanics' Interference,

Gardeners, 151
Medinilla Curtisli, ,53, 64 [.3.52
Meetings Local Hort. Soc's,
Michrophylla Rose, S
Mich. University Forestry

Chair, 81
Microscopical Bulletin, 189
Mignonette Snowball, 98

" Tree, Eng., Culture, 362
Mildew & Other Topics, 197
•■ Causes, 107, .361
■' Grape Vine, Cure, 112

Mildew, Rose, Remedy, 39,45,

103, 199, 267
Mimulus Culture, Pots, 2f 0
Miss. Valley Hort. Soc'y. 29
Mistletoe, Host PLants of, 341

•■ on Oak, 309, 341
Mixed Greenhouse Plants,l(i8
Monument, Grant, 313
Moore, A. J-, Death, 345
Mortgages, Farmland, 27
.Morton. .r;aues, 1.53
M..-S. Spanish, 210 [208

M<i>t Popular English Apple,
Moths, Cotton, Catching, 177
Mueller's, Baron, Select
Mulching. 177 [Plants, '220
Mummy Peas, 218
Mushrooms, America, 219
JIushroom Talk, 332
Myostis Eliza Ganrobert, 37

Name, Diervilla, 1'26
" Goober for Pea Nut, 216
" Persimmon, Origin, 94,

122, 151, 152
'■ Shamrock, 252 [333,379
Names, Fruits, Ridiculous,
" Local, of Plants, 344
" Plants, Common, 214, 245
" " Honorable, 93
" Plural, 155
" Queer, 286

" Wise and Otherwise, 253
National Forestry Law, 50
Native, Clematis, 8. Car., 194
" Flowers, S.C., 371
" N. America, A, 27
" Plants, Names, 245
Nature. Variation in, 372
New Annual, Nicotiana af-
flnis, 323 [1'23

" Book, Gardening South,
" Brunswick, Can., Gar-
dening, '294
' ' Carnations, 202
" Double Bon Silene, 66
" Fruits, N . Hampshire, 12

" Production, 348
" Geraniums, 98
" Gladiolus, Raising, 166
*' Hampshire Forestry, 307
" " Fruits, 12
" Jersey Cocoanut in, 370
" Introductions, 1885, 356
" Mignonette, Snowball, 98
" Orleans, Cactus& Agave,

169, 192, 287
'■ " Exposition, 352
" " Floral Notes,94,126,
1.38, 1.55, 157, 165, ICO,
191, 1'22, 223
" " Fruits at, 192 [.385
" N.C. (SS.A.Expos.,
" " Premiums at, *224
" " Victoria Lily at, 5
" or Rare Fruits, 269
" " ■■ Plants, 1U7, 173,202,

•229, 2.33, 238, 300
" Plants, Notes, 71, 136
" Races, Flowers, 308
" Roses. 3-29
" " France, Best. .354
" Single Tuberose,295 [357
" Spruce P. Breweriana,
" .Styles Chrysanthe-
mums, 133
" Varieties Ferns, 107
" Veget., Introduction, 79
" York & Cal. Flowers, 278
" " Clirysanthemum

Show, 32, 95, .352. 3S5
" Hort. Soc, 32,95,352
** " West'n Strawber-
ries, 112 [367
" Zealand Peach Disease,
Newtown Pippin Apple, 33.5
Niagara White Grape, 144
Nicotiana aflinis, 823 [147
NigellaDani.ascena, Uses, 115
Night-blooming Cereus, 234
Nitrogen. Plants, .Sources, 303
Nonsuch Coleus, 173
North America, Native of, 27
" Carolina, Native Flowers,
371 [In, 102

Northwest, Wintering Roses

Norway Spruce, Bleeding, 295
•' •' Denuded, 166,227,

276. 295
" " IJisbranching,

Winter, :«8

Notes, Azalea Mollis & Rho-
dotlendrons, 268
" Begonias, 69
" Kloral, Washington, 2-52
" Flori>ts' ('on\ iMiIion. 318
" New Oili:nis,lll,l:iS, 126,
155, 1.57, 165, 190, I'll, '222,
" New Plants, 71, 136 [223
" on Mildew, &c., 197
■■ Orchids, 6,
" Remarkable Trees, 179
" Victoria Regia, 6
" Zanesville, O., 143

Notions, Botany Ruskin's,380

Nuisance, Bee,'l77

Number Old World Fruits, 13

Nursery, A. Giddings', 1^^8
" B. Mann & Sous', 188
" Earliest in IJ. S., 188
" Lithography, 92

Nurserymen, Aiii. Ass'n, 192

Oak, Mistletoe on, 309, 341
Oaks, Beauty of, 3'26
Obituary, 30, 58, 59, t.2, 92, 12S,

188,218,'i54,'255,l>8),3H,:i45,380
Odor in Cereus, 279
Old and Large Trees, 145

" Apple Trees, 176

" Bartram's Garden, 27

•• Olive Groves, Fla., 286

" World Forestry, 113

" '• Fruits, Number, 13
Olive Culture, 366
Onel'v'd Yellow Locust, 210
Onion, Sea, 329
Ontario School, Agricul., 29
Opening Day, ^1.0- Exp.,N.C.

& S. A., 385
Open Letter to Flower Sister.
Oranges, Corner in, 79 [227

" Profits of, 14
Orcharo and Garden, 246

" Trees, Veg'n Under, 111
Orchards, Cultivating, 207

" Pruning and Care, 176

" Review ot, 220
Orchid, Dove, Cultivating, 43

" Grower, Chicago, 40
Orchids, Expensive, 173

" Notes on, 6

" The Royal Family, 29
Origin Name Persimiuon, 94,

122, 151, 152, 189
Ornamental Gardening, 30

" " .Sedums for.

Ornamenting Grounds, 3 [325
Ottawa, Gov't Grounds, Car-
pet Beds, 66
OurLady's(iarden,25l.2S0,3I2
Oxalis, Double, 76, 107

'• lutea plena, 43 [from, 196
Oxidization, Preserving Iron
Oysters, Sour Crout with, 238

P»onies, Tall Late Fl., 67
Painting Pipes, Gas Tar,
40, 44, 104
Palm, California, 294

" House, Glasnevin, 3'29
Palms, Small Conservatory,
Palmer's Monthly, 93 [3lj3
Panax Victorian, 40, 41
Pansies, Beautiful, 202
Papaw Tree, 380
Paper Bags for Grapes. 1 78,206
Paris Green & Canker Worm,

" Letter, 310
Partners in Frand, 379 [2.38
Passion Flower, Constance

Elliott, 167
Past Year,Wash'n Terr'y,381
Pea Beetle, Last Century, 3S4
" First-class, 145 [216, 281
" Nut, Goober for Name,
" " Plant, 125
Peas, Mummy, 218
" Planting, 49
Peach. Alpha, 302
" Curt, 278

Peach Diseases, N. Zealand,
" Diseases, 147 [367

" Early Canada, 144
" Elberta, 272
" tilobe, .3.34
" R. E. Lee. 275
" Yellows, -207
Peaches, Amer., in France, 14

by Express, '2-39
Pear as Family Fruit, 208
" Haeterian Theory, 368
" Blight, 366 [-367

" " Enemy or Friend.
" Clapp's Favorite, En. ,208
" Comet, 144, 176
" Fire Blight in, 207, 335
" Josephinede Malines,23S
" Lawson, 44, 176, 2'21,282,.366
" Leconte, History, 282
" Pitston, 14
" Ritson, 368
" Wm. Fuller. .302
Pears, Large, 208
Pelargonium & Rose Gerani-
um, Hybrid. 199, '250
Penna. Forestrv, Enconr.,113
" Hort. Ass'n, 96, 127

" Society, 32, 159. 192,
196, 224, 349, 385
" State Hort. Society, .32
Pentas carnea, .3'28
People's FarmCycIopre(lia,.59
Perfume, Roses.* 186
Permanganate of Potash, 198
Perpetu'l PolyanthaRose,295
Persimmon, japan, 14
" Origin Name. 94. 122, 1.51.
1-52. 189 [dener, 90

Personal Experie 'ces. Gar-
Peters, Randolph, Death. 314
Petunias, Fringed. IS! [279
Petunia. 'TobaccoChanged to,
Phila.Chrysanthemum'Show,
385
" Early Botany, 249 1273
Phylloxera. Quicksilver for,
Picea Breweri.ana, New, 357
Pictures, Exaggerated, 381
Pine Apple, Historv, 28
" Trees, Spotted' Leaf. 370
" Corsican, 240, 241, a36
Pines & Firs, Rare Rocky

Mountain, 114
Pindar and Goober, '281 [1-50
Pinus Banksiana not in Col.,
" excelsa, Large, 224
" sinensis, 17 40, 44, 139
Pipes, Gas Tar Paint on, 10,
" Hot Water, 42
*' Removing Tar from, 104
Pippin, Newtown, :13.5
Pith, Disappearance, 248
Pitston Pear, 14
Places, Interesting, 217
Plains, Forestrv on the, 15
Plant & Seed Collecting, 61
" Catching Fish, 249
" Individuality, 148
" Lice, Destroying, 44
*' Life on Fariu, 125
" Mildew, Cause, 107
" .Support, Wire as, 110
" Variation, 279
Plantation, Ri.s.sell, H. G.,'276
Planting Am. Forest, I'acts,
" Large Trees, ,35. .36 [369
" Peas, 49 (Bulbs, 324

" Tuberose for Sets and
Plants & Frults,Sp'cim'ns-334
" Bedding, Portraits in, 196
" Cactaceous, 125. 150
" Combination, 229
" Cultivated, Book on, 63
" Diseases. 31, 62
" Effect Drouth on 277
" Greenhouse, Mixed, 168
" Herbaceous, Love of.lOO
" Honorable Names, 93
" Host, of Mistletoe, 341
" Local Names, .344
" Names, Common, 213
" Notes on New, 71, 136
" Pith Disappearance, 248
" Propagating, 105 [172

1885.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

391

Plants Propagating.Improve-
ments in, 172
" Rare, Finding, 309
** Sleep Centuries. Can, S.'i
" Kources Nitrogen in, 80S
** Warm Water lor. H
Platycerium grande, 139, HO
Platycodon g- aniUfloralo3,'229
Plea for English Sparrow. 1S5

" •' the Hoe, 3ifi
Plum Bladders, 278
" Culture, 334
■' Japan, 112, 144
Plural Names, 1.5.5
Podophyllum in Chin.a, 22
Poles. Lima Beans without, 49

" RedCed.r.240
Pollen, Immediate Influence,

86, lit), 160. 341
Polyantba, Perpet'l. Kose, 295
Pomological Society. Amer..
32,96.2.T.5.2.56,28S.3Io,321,347
Pomology Rules. 347
Poppey R. C, 380
Poplar, Uiirigbt, Another,134
Popular Eiig. Apple, Most, 20s
" Gardening, 3ie [196

Portraits in Beikling Plants,
Postage, M'thlyMag'zines. 34b
Potash, Permanganate of,198
Potatoes, Hybrid, 148
Potato, Product of Single,209
" Regeneration, 208
*' Sets 49
Pot Cultiire of Mimulus,200
'* Plants, Clematis as, 173
Pots. Draining or Crocking,
Poverty Weed, 314 [368

Premiums, N. O.. 224

" Special, 94 [361

PredisposingCauses, Mildew,
Pres. Degraw Carnation, 360
Preserves. Japan Quince, 145
Preserving Iron from Oxides.
" R. R. Ties, U3 [196

Prices, Fruit, Rochester, 111
Prinos& Holly, Good Words,

342
Private Firms, Exhib'ns, 192
Prizes, Amer. Garden, 224
Problem, Insect, 77, 144
Produce Variation, How, 182
Production, New Fruits, 348
Product. Single Potato, 209
" Strawberries in West'n
N. Y., 112
Professor of Forestry, Mich.

University, 81
Profitable Forestry, Am., 370

" Timber, 81, 241
Profits, Forestry, 179
" Oranges, 14 [61

" Plant & Seed Collecting,
Progressive Hort., 68 [190
Pronunciation. Veronica, 30.
Propagating Dbl Bouvard., 7
*' from Blindwood, 297

Rose, 200
" Improvements, 172
" Plants, 105
" Roses, 37 [256

Prospects, Am. Pomol. ,Soc.,
" Gardening, Georgia, .381
Protection, Forest Fires, 50
Protecting Roses, Winter, 356
Pruning and Care, Orchards.
Prunus Pissardi, 229 [175

Public School Gardens,91.195

" Squares, Trees in, 261
Puff-ball, Large. 117
Purchaser's Risk, 253 [366

Qualifications, Good Celery,
Quassia Tree, 27
Queer Names. 286 [273

Quicksilver for Phylloxera,
Quince, Japan, Fruit, 109

" Preserves. 145

Races, Flowers, New, 308
Rahway, N. J.. Trees,
Growth, 338
Railroad Ties, Preserving, 1 1 3
Rain-fall. England, 113
Raising Chrysanthemums,
Seed, 101

Raising New Gladiolus, 166
Ramanas Japan Rose, 68
Rapid Changes, Species, 19
" Forest Fires, 51
" Growth, Timber, 240. 241
Rare A New Plants, Notes,71,
" Plants. Finding, 309 [136
" Rocky Mt'n Firs and
Pines, 114
Raspberries, Disease. 368
Raspberry. Shatter, 12

'• Springfield Bl'k Cap, 273
Rawson, Grove P., .381
Readers, Intelligent, 346
Recollections, 25 [240

Red Cedar Telegraph Poles,
" Flowered Elder, 326
" Platvcodon grandiflora.
" Spider, 363 [229

Regel, Dr., 1.53, 345
Regeneration, Potato, 208
Relation, Color to Flavor,
Fruits and Vegetables, 55
Relative Cost,Steam & Water

Heat. 198
Remarkable Trees, 179
Remedy. Rose Mildew, 39, 45,
103, 199, 267
" Split Calyx, 360
Reminiscences, Bits of, 56
" Downing, A. J., 93

" Chas.,118 fPipes,101
Removing Gas Tar from
Retinospora Fulleri, 4
Rhiud,Duncan.91 [Mollis.258
Rhododendrons and Azalea

" Culture. 262, 295
Richardia JEthiopica from
Seed, 6
" maculata. Double. 202
Ridiculous Names, Fruits,3.33
Rights, Water, 380 [379

Ritchie. Jas., Death. 123
Ritson Pear, 368
Rochester Fruit Prices. Ill
Rock Garden, Lady's, 354
Rocky Land, 'Timber Growth,
210
" Mountain Coniferae, 4,114
" " Firs&Pines,Rare,114
Rodigas. M., Honors to, 253
Roesch's Vineyards, 334
Root Fungus, 81

" and Yellows, 331
'* Insects on Clematis, 196
" Jalap, 148
Roots, Gas Killing, 230, 355
Rosa microphylla, 3
" rubrifolia, 166
Rose Bed, Worms in, 37
" Bennett. 70
" Blind Wood in, 200
" Bud Ravages, 76
" Culture, 298 [199, 250
" Geran &Pelarg.,Hyb'd,
" Her Maiesty, 140, 269
" in Antiquity, 276
" Japanese or Ramanas,68
" Lamarck, 295
" Leal Fungus, IK
" Lusiades, 201
" Marbled, 165
" Mildew, Cause, 107

" Remedy, 39, 45, 103,
" Perfume, 186 [199, 267
" Perpet. Polyantba, '295
" Sunset, Blind Shoots,140
" ** Flowering. 170

*' Wintering in N. W., 102
" Yellow, H. P., 357
" York & Lancaster, 100
Roses as Cut Flowers, Ar-
rangement, 172
" Best, New, France, 354
" Bourbon, 99
" China or Bengal, 99
" Classes of, 99 ■
" Climbing Tea, 99
" Disease m, 10, 117,173,202
•' Early & Late Fl., 229
" Grown in Georgia. 325
'' Hybrid Climbers. 99
" " Noisette, 99
" " Perpetual, 99 '

Roses, Hybrid Perpetual

" '' Tea,99 [Dark,292

" Insects on, 106

" Moss, 99

" New, 329

" Noisette, 99

" Polyantha, 99

" Prairie, 99

" Protecting. Winter. 3.56

" Southarn Grown. 3.55

" Tea. 100
Rosenham, Geo., Death, 188
Rot, Grape, 7,S, 143
Rules. Pomology. 317
Running Out Vars.. Fruit.303
Rush-light Candb s, 153
Ruskin s. Notions, Botany .380
Russell, H. G., Plantation,'27H
Russeted & Dotted Apples,.335
Russian Apples, 366
Rye Grass for l;awns, 295

Salisburia at Lewisburg,
Fruiting, 216
Salix fragdis for'Tanning, 338
Salt on Lawns, '280
Sanbucus pyrimidata, 4
Sanders, Edgar, 283 [in, 14
Sandwich Islands, Blackb'y
Sandv Ground, Grass, 69
Saur Kraut, Improved, 367

" with Oysters, 238
.Scenes. By-gone, 26
School Gardens, 91, 195
Schriver, H., Herbarium. 148
Schwartz. Jos., Death, 380
Scott, Frank J., 375
Scuppernong Grape. Hist. ,238
Sea Onion, 329 [325

.Sedums in Ornate Gardens,
SeedX)hrysanthemums irom,
" R.jEthiopicafrom,6 I^IOl
" Wild Celery, 183
Seedling Ferns, 36:1 [.314

Seeds. Gov't, Free Distrib'n,
Seedsmen, Liability, 187
Selaginella involvens varie-

gata, 214, 215
Select Extra Tropical Plants.
Self-fertilization, Fig. 2.50 [92
Sell or Eat, Fruits to, 20S
Sending Peaches Express. 239
Sequoia Cal., Cultivating, 195
Serlcographis Ghiesbrechti-

ana, 104, 155
Sets & Bulbs,Plantingfor,324
" Potato, 49 [ry by, 262
Seventeen-year Locust, Inju-
Sewage, 18 1

Sexes, Chestnut Trees, 20
Shade Trees for Florida, 2
Shaffer Raspberry, 12
Shamrock of Ireland, 220

" The Word, 252
Sharpless Strawberry, 14
Short Crop Strawberries, 302
Show, Chrysanthemum, N.Y.
32,95,352,386
" Phila., 64,385
Shrubby Begonias, 200
Silk Culture, 180

'■ " France. 113
.Single Potato, Product, 209
" Roses, Early & Late, 229
" Tuberose, New, 295
SleepCenturies,Can Plants, 85
Small Conservatory, Palms,
" LindleyGrapes,304 [363
Snowball, Japan, 326
" Mignonette, 98
So-Called Hardy Catalpa, 371
Soft Soap for Greennouse,363
Soil Analysis, 82, 114
Solanum Lemmoni, 148
Sold, Badly, 187
Sources Nitrogen, Plants. 308
.South, Amaryllis m, 226, 292
" Amer., Clematis from, 185
" Carolina Clematis, 194
" " Mistletoe in, 341
" " Native Flowers, 371
" Evergreen Hedges for,326
" Lawn Grass tor, 3
Southern Grown Roses, 355
Spanish Moss, 210

Sparrow, English, 178, 185
>^parrows. Bad, Good Use, 366
Special Premiums, 94
Species, Close Union, 116

" History, Change, 19 [.5.5

" Sudden Developments,
Specimen Fruits &Plants,33*

*' Fuchsias, 8
Spider, Red, 362
.Spineless Cactuses, 364
.Spiraea Aruncus, 4

" astllboides, 196

Split Calyx, Fault & Remedy.

360 [370

Spotted Leaf in Pine Trees,

Spring & Winter Dendrobes,

168

" Show, Mass. Hor.Soc, 158
.Springfield B'l'k Cap Rasp-
berry. '275
Sprouts, Brussels. '2;58
Spruce and Pine Hedges, 4

" Douglas, 16

•' New, P. Breweriana, 357

" Norway, Denude<l, 166,
227, 276, 295
" Disbranching, Win-
ter, &58
Sprunt. Rev. Jas., Death. 59
.Squares. Public, Trees, 2S1
Staphylea Colchica. 4
Statements, Careless, U6
Stem Borer, Dahlia, 2'29. '261
Sterling. Geo., Death, 30
Stock, Influence Graft on, 1 1 7
Styles. Chrysanthemums,

New. 133
Steam and Water Heating,
Relative Cost, 198, 232

" Heating. 10, 267

" " a Success. 3'38
Stephanotis as Cut-flower, .357
Stocks, Double, 359
Strawberries. UiyAut'mu. 271

'■ Florida, '238. 271 [3)7

" Forcing, 178, '236,237, 273,

•• Short Crop. 302 [on, 204
Strawijerry. Effect Culture

" Growing, England, 367

'■ Hautbois, 33o

'• Jewell, 273, 274 [112

" Product, West'n, N. Y.,

" Sharpless, 14

" Wonderful. 178
Subscriber's Kind Words,154
.Succession, Forest Growths,
210, 305 [m

Success, Steam Heating, 267,
Sudden Developments,

Species, 55
Sugar Maples, Fine, 294
Sulphur & Linseed Oil, Rose

Mildew, 267
Summit Co.,0.,Hort.Soc.,1.54
Sunset Rose.Blind Shoots,140

" •' Flowering, 170

Supply, Water & Forests, 307
Support, Plant, Wire as, 110
Syringa Japonica, 357

" Ligustrina, 357

Table Decorations, 10, 75
Talk, Mushroom, 332 [220
Talks Afield,Plants&Science,
Tall, Late, Paeonies, 67
Tanning, Salix f ragilis for,.338
Tar, Gas. 73, 76, 137 [139

" on Hot Water Pipes, 10,
" Paint on Pipes,40,42 [195
'* Water against Insects,
Taste in Floral Arrangement,
" o»AfricanPrince,10[103
Teaching Hort. in Schools, 91
Tea, Japanese, 186 [2)0

Telegraph Poles, Red Cedar,
Tendency to Blind Shoots,140
Tewin ; Not "Lucien," 122
Tewkesbury Apple, 178 [368
Theory, Pear Blight. Bacteria,
Thmning Forests, 240
Thorpe, John. 354
ThniagiganteaWood,306 [336
Tiraber,Cor6ican Pine,240,241,
" Duties in Canada, 113
" Growth,Rocky Land,210

392

THE GARDENERS" MONTHLY

[December,

Timber Mahaleb Cherry, 113
" Profitable, To Make, 241
" Rapid Growth, iW. 241
" Trees, Profitable, 81
*' S'alue of, lo
" Wild Cherry, 50
Ties, R. R., Preserving, 113
Toads ill Greenhouses, 173
Tobacco. OhaoKe to Petunia,
" Remedy, 12') [2711

•• Stems & Ashes, 322
Tomatoes in Turkey. 209
Tomato Insect Injurious, 112

" Tree, Jamaula, 183
Tombstone, Trees through, 87
Torpid Vegetation, 322 [119
Traces or Tresses, LaiUes',63,
Treatment, Rhododendron,

262, 29.5
Tree, Butternut, Wood, 146
" Carob, 16
" China. 164
" Coral, 169
" Digger, Cheap, 272
*' Kern Trunks, Use, 173
'* Mignonette Cult,, Eng.,

362
" 100 Bu. Apples from, 77

" 120 ' 143

" Quassia, 27
'■ Roots, Gas Killing, 230
" Tomato. Jamaica, 183
" Tulip, Florida, 180
" Umbrella, China, 102, 260
" White Fringe, 228
Trees, Apple, Old, 176
" Chestnut. Sexes, 201
** Close Union Species, 116
*' Drainage for, 209
" for Florida, Shade, 2
" Gas Killing. 259, 291
'• Grapes on, 14
" Large, Planting, 35, 36
" Lichens on,Destroying,4
" Louisville,Ky.,Dead,34I
" Old, Large, 14.5
" Orchard, Vegetation, 111
" Public Squares, 261 [.358
" Rahway, N. J.. Growth,
" Remarkable, 179
" Through Tombstone, 87

Trees, Timber Profitable, 81
" " Rapid Growth, 240,
" Yew,Age of, 27.5 [241
Tuberose, New Single, 29.5
" Planting for Sets and
Bulbs, .321 [na..55

Tuberous Vines. Cochin Chi-
Tulip Tree, Florida, 180
Turkey, Tomatoes in. 200
Turner,Chas.,Ueath,2o5 [182
Two-flow'd Cyp. insigne, 1 17.

Ulster Prolific Grape. 335
Umbrella Tree, 102, 261)
Uniform Apple Barrels, 111
Union, Species, Close, 116
Upland, Pa,, Gardening, 210
Upright Eliier. 1

" Poplar, 134 [117

Uses, Nigell t Damascena,115,
Use, Tree Fern Trunks, 173

" Wild Cherry Kemels,lS.5
U. S. Dept. Agricult. Rep.. 1.54
. " Hort., Last 50 Yrs., 374

Valley, Virginia, Grapes, 303
Va'luable Works for Sale,
189
Value,Eng. Gooseberry, 48,78.

" Timber, 15 [239, 275

Vanda coerulea, 5
Variation, Bud, 216

" Plant, 279

" in Nature, 372
Variegated Eulalia, 194
Variegation, Foliage. 55

" How Produce. 182
Varieties, Ferns, New. 107

'■ Fruit Running Out, 303

" Gladiolus, New, 16f
Verbena Culture, 266 [ing,51
Vegetable Forms, Interest-
Vegetables AFruits, Early. 178

" Color to Flower in, 55

" New, Introduction. 79
Vegetation, Torpid. 115

" underOrchaidTrees,lll
Veronica, Pronunciation, 30,

190
Vicia Denniesiana, 28
Victoria Lily at N. Orleans, 5

" Regia, Color Change, 55

" " Notes on, 6

Vine, Cedar, 87
*' Cinnamon, 125
*' Culture, America, 80
" Calif., 153 [na, .55
Vines, Tuberous, Cochin Chi-
V'iiieyards, Rocscli's, 334
Virginia, Lebanon Cedar in,
■' Mistletoe in, 341 [134
" Valley Grapes, 303
Vital Power and Forcing, 116

Wall-fiowcr Improvem't, 134
Walnut, Black, Cult., 17
Wants to Know, 1.55
Warder, Dr., Lines on, 90
Washington Floral Notes, 2.52

•■ Ter., P.ast Year in, 3S1
Waste Land, Entrhuid, .51
Water ctCiss|,.>.. Is, 249
" & StiMiu Heat, Cost, 198
" Force vs. Mealy Bugs, 208
" Plant Catching Fish, 249
" Rights, 380
" Supply and Forests, 307
" Warm, for Plants, 44
Watson, Sereno, 92
Wax-berry Candles, 87
Weakened Vital Power by

Forcing, 116
Wearing Eye,ZincLabels,164.
Weed, Loco, 186 [261, 273

" Poverty, 314
Weeds, Destroying, 262 [218
Westminster, Duke, Garden,
Where to Locate, 282, 314, 346
White Fringe Tree, 228
" t4rape, Niagara, 144
" Grapes, 143 [261

" Leaved Honey Locust,
'* Mignonette Snowball, 98
Wilder, .Mrs. M. P., 380
Why Magazines Die. 27
Wilder, Col. M. P.. .58
Wild Celery Seed. 183
" Cherry Kernels, Use, 185

" Timber, 50
" Flowers, N.Y.&Cal., 278
'■ Fruits, Colorado, 249
" Lily of Valley, 286
William Fuller Pear, 302
Wilson Jr.. Blackberry, 208
Wiiulow Gardening, 138

Winter Aconite, 166

" & Spring Dendrobes, 168

'■ Apple, Tewkesbury, 178

" Disbranching Norway
Spruce, 3.58

" Protecting Roses. 3.56
Wintering Roses, N. W.. 102
Wire as Plant Support, 110

'' Copper for yAiu: Labels,
101

" Fence Dangers, 101
Wise&» itlierwise, Naines,2.5S
Witch Hazel, 253
Women. Gardening for, 28
Wooil. Blind, in Rose, 200

" Butternut, 146

" Disappearance of Pith,
248

'■ for Cigar Boxes, .308

*' Thuja gigantea, 306
Woollen Fence, Live, 146
Woods, American, .370

" and Forests. 154
Wonderful Strawberry. 178
Wootton, near Phila.."376, 377
Worcester Co. Hort. Soc, 125
Word Shamrock, The. 252
Work, Ain. Ass'n Florists,2.56
World's N. O. Expos'n, 94,126.
138, 1.55, 1.57, 165, 190, 191, 222,
223
Worm , Cabbage, 270, 272
Worms in Rose Bed, 37
Wright, Chiis., Death, 284

Yam, Chinese, 125
" Japan, Fertile,2,S0
Yellow-berried Myrtle Holly,
U7
" Forest .'Vpple, 369
" Hybrid P. Rose, 357
" Locust, One-leaved, 210
Yellows & Root Fungus, S:U

" Peach, 207
Yew Trees, Age. 275
York & Lancaster Rose, 100

Zanesville, Ohio, Notes, 143
Zephyranthes Atamasco,
248
Zinc Labels, 101
" " Wearing Eye,

164, 261, 273

EDITED BY THOMAS MEEHAN.

Vol. XXVII. No. 313.

(Combined Magazines, Fortietli Year.)

JANUARY, 1885.

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

^i

?**-,

fEntered at the Post Office, at Philadelpliia, Pa., as second-class matter.]

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

It Is published on the first of every month at the office, No. 814 CHESTNUT STREET,
PHILADELPHIA, where aU BUSINESS relating to subscription or advertising should be addressed!

B^" Communications, Copy and Packages for the Editor should be addressed to THOMAS
MEEHAN, GBRMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, POSTAGE PAID, $2.00.

ADVERTISING RATES IN THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY:

% coL \i col. \i col. % col. yi col. 1 col. 1 page,

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Two times, each 3.90 3.90 6.00 6.80 9.00 17.00 33.00

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Four " " 8.70 3. CO 4.50 6.30 8.10 14.40 27.00

Five " " 2.65 3.40 4.25 5.95 7.G5 13.60 25. 50

SU " " 2.35 3.15 3.93 6.50 5.05 12.45 23.50

Seven « " 2.20 2.95 3.65 6.16 6.60 11.75 33.00

Eisht '• " 2.05 2.75 3.45 4.80 6.15 10.95 20.50

Nine " " 1.90 2.45 3.30 4.45 5.70 10.15 18.85

Ten " " 1.75 2.30 2.85 4.05 5.25 9.30 17.46

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Fnisp.ace on FIA'-LKAK and COVER PAGES, also FIRST PAGE advertisements facing last reaUiug page, 20 per
cent, advance on above rates will be charged.

cHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia

CONTENTS OF THE JANUARY NUMBER.

SEASONABLE HINTS :

Flower Oavflen and Pleasure Ground 1

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening U

COMilUNICATIOXS :

Shade Trees for l-'Iorida

Onianientiiig Grounds

A Lawn (Jniss for the South

Vanda Goerulea

Begonia Me tallica

Notes on Orchids and the Victoria Regia '. . .

The Kicdiardia /Eihiopii'a fnmi Seed

Begonia Klornla )ucruu|inral)ilis

Propagation of Double liouvardias

liinuni 'ri'igyrinui

New I*'rnits'in New Hampshire

The Shatfer If aspluMry

Forestry on tin- Plains

On Inegularlty in l-'lo\vers

On l{a)iid C'liringos in the nistf)ry of Si>ecics

Of the Sexes in (hcstiiiit Trees

Kricaceiins lieanty at Home and Abro.ad

?'lie Lotus (d tile Ancients

I{ett»lif(;ti"ns lA' llv-gone Scenes

Haarlem E.shibitioii of Flowering Bulbs, March, IbSS.

EDITORIAL NOTES:

Rosa iTiicrophylla— Retinospora Fttlleri— Double
Evergreen Caiidy Tuft— Tlf Upright Flder—Sta-
nliylca Cnhdiiea — Spir;ua Aruncus— Spruce and

Pine Heilges 3-1

Specimen I-*uchsias — I)icllVidiachia Jeninanii —
Dinner Table Decoiations— The Taste of an AIri

can I 'riiice 8-10

Imincdiatc Effect of Crossing on Fruits— Forced
Fruits in England— Nundier of Fruits in the Old
World— Cidtnrc of the Hinaua— American Peaches
in France— (.rapes on Trees— Japan Persimmon—

Sliarpless Strawberry 13-11

Value of Timber— The Douglas Spruce— Forestry
In China— The Carob Tree— Kitool Fibre— Pinus
sinensis— Black Walnut Culture 1.5-17

Ka?nipferia Gilbertii— Podophyllum in Chinas

Cracking of Fruits 20-22

The Old Botanic Garden of Bartram— The Quassia
Tree— Mortgage- on Karmlands—A Native of North
America— Wliy Magazines Live or Die— The Fox
Grape— Gardeinng for Women— Vicia Denniesiana
—Mr. John Gardner— Elbeit S. Carman— History
of the Pineapple— Transactions of the Illinois
Horticultural Societv, 1883— Transactions of the
Mississippi Valley Horticultural Society, 18H1 —
Ontario School of Agriculture, Ninth Aimual
Report. 1883— Orchids, the Koyal Family of Plants
— How the Farm Pays — Ornainental l.'ardeningfor
- Americans— The Anierican Ganlen— The Caterer. 26-30
American Pomological Society— The Pennsylvania
State Horticultural Society — Pennsylvania Horti-
<'ultural Society— Chrysanthemums at the New
York Show— Massachusetts Horticultui al Society S2

SCRAPS AND QUERIES:

Handsome Coniferai of the Rocky Mountains-
Bermuda Grass— Destroying Ijicheus on the Trunks

of Trees— The Victoria Lily at New Otlcans 4-5-

Steam Heating— 'I'ar on Hot Water Piiies- Diseases

in Hoses 10-11

Piotits of Oranges— Pitson I"c:ir— The Eveigreen

Black ben y of the .Sanilwich Islands U-15

I'rounnciatirm of Veronica — Geoige Sterling —
Disease of Plants 30-31

FLOWER GARDEN & PLEASURE GROUND... 1-5

G REENHOUSE AND IIOU.SE GARDENING 5-11

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDENING 11-15

FORESTRY 15-17

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE 18-22

LITERATURE, TRAVELS & PERSONAL NOTES. . 22-81
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES 31-32

Fly-leaJ.]

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

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" American Farm Book 100

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Bommer's Method of Making Manures 20

Brackett's Farm Talk 50

Breck's New Book of Flowers 1 45

Bridgeman's American Kitchea Gardener 60

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Coultas' Principles of Botany 50

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(Quarto 3 00

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'^ ' " " 50

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Aleniok's Strawberry Cnlturist 60

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New American Gardener 76

Paxton's Hort. Register, 2 vols, in one (1831-1833) 1 00

Philadelphia Business Directory, 1879, Boyd 25

Prince on the Vine 75

Prince's Pomological Manual 75

Randall's Sheep Husbandry 1 25

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden, cloth 2 25

" " " K tky, gilt edges 2 50

Riddell's Architect, folio, 14J^'xl7J^ (col. plates) 10 00

■Scribner's Log Book 20

Stewart's Stable Book 1 25

Studies, by J. A. Dorgan 75

Talpa, or Chronicles of a Clay Farm 75

The Plant, a Biography, 5 col. plates and 13 wood eng's 2 50

Tliomas' Fruit CMlturist 1 75

Todd's How to Make Farming Pay 2 00

TuU's Horse-hoeing Husban(fry 1 00

Wa ring's Elements of Agriculture 75

Williams' Window Gardening 1 25

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Young Angler Illustrated 75

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

[Fly-leaf.

FOR IMMEDIATE PLANTING IN GARDEN OR HOUSE.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Narcissus, Crown Imperial, &c.,

Of the finest quality, our own importation from Holland, direct. Also, for sale Hya-
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FOR GARDENERS and FLORISTS,
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J. C. VATJGHAN, 42 La Salle Street, Chicago, Ills.

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J4

INSECT LIVES ; or, Born In Prison,

BY JULIA P. BALLARD.

A practical book for the Children, tending to interest
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it This book answers in a natural manner the queries :
How shall we interest children ? How shall we most inter-
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81.00,'by mail, iiost-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FOR

YOUNG AND OLD.

The Cultivation of Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden.

BY JOSEPH HARRIS, M. S.

Illustrated, 191 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
81.25, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Two Greenhouses 90x11 ft.; one fl0i22 ft., heated by latest
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Situated in one of the best towns in Kansa.s. Population,
10,000. Will sell low down to the right parties. For particu-
lars address,

YORK NURSERY CO.,

Fnrt Scott, Kansas.

V^

A Treatise on Beautifying Homes, Rtiral Districts, Towns
and Cemeteries. By Elias A. Long. 3S1 pages, 12 mo, cloth.
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I A SPZ:CIAI«TY

Grand Collection of all the Best Varieties, em-
bracing the latest Novelties, Separate and In Mix-
ture. Strictly First-class Seed only. Send for New
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ALBERT BENZ, p°"6la.ston. >!. y.

49- 8EK FIRST PAGE FACING COVEK.-ei,

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

HOW THE FARM PAYS.

By WILLIAM

Chapter I.
; for the Business of Fanning-

CROZIER and PETER

CONTENTS:

PAQE

HENDERSON.

Training for the Business of Fanning— Agricultural
College Educatiou— Selection of Soils— Use of
Manure — Farm Roads— Draining 9-

Manures and
Fertilizers
Feeding . .

Chapter II.
the Modes of Application— Special
— Green Manuring — Fertilizing by

26-37

Chapter VEt. pagb
Cutting and Curing of Hay— Clover Hay— Ensilage-
Ensilage Compared with Roots 131— 1J5

CHAPTER VIII.
Live Stock of the Farm— Varieties of Cattle— Re-
cords of Cattle — The Best Cows for the Dairy —
Young Cattle and their Care— Management of
the Dairy— Farm Horses— Sheep — Swine— Farm
Buildings — Fences- Rearing and Keeping Poul-
try—Dogs for the Farm U6— 250

Chapter IX.
Pests of the Farm — Destructive Animals— Insect

Pests — Parasites — Pests of the Crops— Remedies .251—274
Chapter X.
Farm Machinery — Plows — Harrows — Cultivators —
Mowers and' Reapers— Haying Machinery— Fod-
der Cutters 275—300

Chapter XI.
Farm Culture ot Vegetables and Fruits— Cabbage
— Celery — Sweet Corn — Cucumbers for Pickles —

Melons as a Market Crop — Onions, dec 301—360

Chapter XIL
Culture of Principal Small Fruit Crops — Straw-
berries— Blackberries— Raspberries — Currants —

Gooseberries— Grapes Orchard Fruits 361—379

This New Book "HOW THE FARM PAYS," mailed on receipt of S3.50.
All purchasers of our Rooks, "The Hand Book OF Plants," 33.00; '-Gardening for Profit," $1.50; "Gard-
ening for Pleasure," $1..30 ; "Practical Floriculture." 81. .50: "Garden and Farm Topics," $1.50, or "How
the Farm Pays." ?2..50, receive our new catalogue of " EVKRYTHING FOR THE GARDEN," free of charge.

Chapter III.
Plowing, Harrowing and Cultivating— Plows— Har-
rows— Cultivators— Rolling Land— Use of the Feet
in .Sowing and Planting 38 — 51

Chapter IV.
Rotation of Crops— Com— Potatoes— Potato Diseases
—Sweet Potatoes— Roots— Wheat — Oats— Barley
—Rye— Beans— Buckwheat 52—84

Chapter V.
Crops for Soiling and Fodder — Rye — Lucem or .\lfalfa
—Millet— Peas and Oats — Fodder Corn— Feeding
Soiling Crops— Abortion in Cows 85—109

Chapter VI.

Grass and its Management— Varieties of Grasses-
Mixed Grasses for Pasture and Hay 110—133

35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York.

UGUST B OLKER & SOWS,

P. 0. Box 899. 44 DEY STREET, New York,

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF

BASKETS, WIRE DESIGNS

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,

IMPORTERS OF

SEEDS and BULBS

SEED PRICE LIST FOR 1885 NOW READY, AND MAILED TO THE TRADE ON APPLICATION.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Roses for Florists.

We make a special business of growiag and distributing Roses, and believe we
offer the LARGEST and MOST COMPLETE STOCK of ROSES in AMERICA. ALL ARE
ON THEIR OWN ROOTS. No budded or grafted Roses are sent out.

^^ ■ iv ^B ^\^^ E>l H Ml^*^> We ofifer but one size of Roses, fitrong vigorous plants^ from

^l^t ^/l "LAW I da 2>^-iiich pots. They are thrifty, well matured, heavily

rooted plants— ready to go into 4-iuch pots. Every order, large or smal', is carefully selected from the

largest and best on hand at tlio time.

PI PAM ANn UPAI THY *^^^ roses are KEPT CLEAN and in good

ULtLMn MHU riLML I n I . growing condition through the whole season,
so that Florists can replenish their stock whenever it is convenient to do bo.
We ship safely at all seasons— no danger from heat or frost.

IIIDHPTAMT Tfl RIIYPRQ our roses are not forced, but are grown

ImrUnlMlii lu du i cno. inordinary soil, without manure or any

STIMULATING PROCESS WHATEVER; THEREFORE THEY REQUIRE NO NURSING, OR EXTRA
CARE. BUT GROW OFF STRONG AND HEALTHY, AND COME QUICKLY INTO BLOOM
FLORISTS SAY OUR ROSES GIVE BETTER SATISFACTION THAN ANY OTHERS THEY CAN BUY

PRICES OF GrE:NE:Fi.A.I< COI.I.SCTIOM'S.

Per 100. Per 500. Per 1000.

EVER-BLOOMING ROBES, First class assortment, $ 8.00 $35.00 $70.00

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, " " 9.00 40.00 80.00

MOSS ROSES. " " 15.00 75.00 150.00

CLIMBING ROSES, " "' 8.00 35.00 70.00

Mnrpi Al ACCnRTMFNTQ ^"f special assortments and large orders covering different classes of

dl tUIML MOOUn I Itl 1 11 I O- Roses, it is always best to send a list of tiie varieties and number of each
wanted. \Ve can then tell you exactly what we can do. and will name the lowest price that the size and character of
the order will justify. a:g- But you can always depend on lowest prices, whether you have special quotations or not.lBai

SPECIAL ATTENTION is given to supplying Florists with reliable plants of all the New and Scarce Roses at reasonable
prices. The following choice varieties, and hundreds of others, will be found in our Wholesale PriCO List, Sent

FREE to Florists, Market Gardeners and Dealers. PerDoz Perioo

LADY MAKY FITZWII.LI AM-Now EnRlish Hybrid Tea »6.o6 S35.ob

SOUVENIR DK THKRKSK LEVET—Suiierl) New .Scarlet Tea 5.00 35.00

COCNTESS OF PEMBROKE— Spkndid Hybrid Tea 5.00 35.00

PKINCE.SS OF WAI.ES—ElegantNew Enslisb Tea 6-00 35.00

DITKE OF CONNAUGHT— Bennett's Hybrid Tea 3.00 20.00

PIERRE GUII.LOT— Brilliant Crimson, Extra Fine 4-00 25.00

BED MALMAISON— Niw and Very Promising 5.00 35.00

80CVFNIK I)K GERM.\IN DE ST. PIERRE— New Crimson Forcing Rose 4.00 25.00

MADAME CUEDANNE GUINOISSEAU— Rich Golden Yellow, Very Fine 2.60 15. OO

MISS EDITH GIFFORD— A Valuable New Tea Rose 6.00 35.00

JEANNE AISEL— (New Tea), Ro.sy Crim.'iiin, Pencilled with Gold 4.00 25.00

NIPHETOS— Finest Pure White for Forcing 2.00 12.00

FBRI.E DES JAKDIN8— The Fine.st Yellow for Forcing 1.50 10.00

CATHERINE MERMET— The Finest Pink for Forcing 1.50 10.00

LA FRANCE— Produces more Flowers when Forced than any other variety 1.50 10. OO

CORNELIA COOK— Excellent for Forcing, Creamy White, Immense Buds 1.60 10. OO

BARONESS ROTHSCHILD— Immense Flowers, Silvery White, Tinged with Blush 6.00 35.00

PAUL NEYKON— One of the Largest and licst Hybrid Perpetual Roses 1.60 10.00

ANNA DE DIESBACH— (Glory of Paris), One of the Finest for Forcing 2.00 12.0O

MAGNA CHARTA— Rosy Crimson, Very Fragrant, Extra Fine 1.60 10.00

All the STANDARD SORTS in large suppIy-GEN. JACQUEMINOT, ETOILE DE LYON. MARECHAL NEIL, SOUVENIK
D'UN AMIE, HERMOSA, MARIE GUILLOTT, and hundreds of others, at lowest rates, quality considered.

NOTICE TO BUYERS.

Ab the prices of some of the New and Scarce Roses are subject to change, and
the price of any selection depends largely on the varieties and number of each
wanted, we invite buyers to send their lists and have them priced before making
the order. This is the best plan for buyer and seller, and secures the lowest prices
he can make for the selection wanted. But you can always depend on getting the
best value we can give, on goods ordered— w^hether you have quotations or not.

NOTICE.— This advertisement is intended for the TRADE ONLY, and not for private planters. Address,

The DINGEE & CONARD CO.,

,.u ROSE GROWERS, West Grove, Chester Co., Pa.

THEHORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Qreenhouse ideating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

,-;^

Base-Burning Water Heater

Three siies. Patented, 1873.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLBECKBR STREET,

NEW YORK.

ss^^g^

t^

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES -

Corrugated Flre-^box Boiler.
Five sizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

^ HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS,

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

C^ASH-RAISING APPARATUS,

Liftiog-Rods for Sashes,

£tc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 6 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Fivesiies. New Patterns 1877. logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

NSTAT TEA, ROSEZ

SUNSET

THE LEADING ROSE FOR THE COMING SEASON !

Mr. W. S. Allen begs to announce to the trade that he has secured the ex-
clusive sale of the product of 10,000 plants of this new and desirable rose, grown
by Mr. Peter Henderson, of Jersey City Heights, and Mr. John Henderson, Flush-
ing, L. I. Its color is similar to that of the Safrano, but deeper and richer; its
fragrance the same ; the flower is the size of the Perle, and in its keeping qualities
far surpassing any other rose. In every respect it is superior to Safrano or Perle
as a SHIPPING ROSE. Prices of SUNSET and all other CUT FLOWERS sent
upon application.

W. S. ALLEN, Wholesale Florist,

to« 940 Broadway, New York.

24 Certificates of Merit at N. Y. Horticultural Society.

APrVUff DT ■PT'D C TTPPC C C ^^'*' entered in ll\ (/lasses at tlie Graml Chrysanthemum Show in New York
vUiVll LiCi 1 t oULVjUoD Wereawarded I j P'irst Premiums. Such a thing occurs hardly once in a
lifetime To obtain such result there had to be money, time and labor expended. Our collection of Chrysanthemums is
the largest and most complete in the country. Over 600 varieties were flowered this year. The new varieties are TaUiable
additions. Our own now seedlings are as follows : DOUBLE-Agnes Hamilton, Cincinnati, Dr Waicott, Gold Lace. Golden
Gloire de Rayonnante, Glow, Mrs. Jas. R. Pitclier, Pros. Cleveland, Rose Lace. Sam Henshaw, W. K. Woodcock, yVelcome. FINE
SINGLE VARIETIES— Casino. Crimson and Gold. Helianttius, Hinsdale, Imogen, Marigold, Mrs. A. LeMoull, PureGold, Sadla
Martlnot and Virgin. In addition we have Ireen favored with the privilege to distribute the following fine seedlings ot
Dr H P Waicott of Cambriilge, Mass. The Doctor is the best judge of ("hrvsanthemums that we know of : Aquidnecl(,
Cambridge, G. Waicott, John Tliorpe. Julius Caesar, Manhattan, Rob Waicott. Wenonah. Wyoming. The new Japanese set.
direct from .lapan is a marvelloua 24 and are reallv superb, viz.: Dr. Allen, J Collins, J. Lovering. Bicolor, Moonlight, Lord
Byron Duchess, Glorlosum. F. L. Harris, Hon. J. Welsh, Mrs. Menclie. fres. Arthur, Norma, Mrs. Vannaman, Flmbriatum.
Jessica, Gorgeous, Golden Prince, Delicatum, Snow-storm, Syringa, Garfield, Mrs. C. H. Wheeler, W. K. Hams. The cnam of
the imported varieties from Europe will be found in the lollowing-as tar as we can judge. \\ e have about .10 varieties
that did not flower with us : JAPS— Blanche Neige, Galathea. La Fraicheur, L'Aroi Boncharlat aure La Geant, Valence. Valle
de Andover. CHINESE— Bruce, FIndlay. Jeannie d'Arc, Lord Alcester, Mens Roux. Mr Bunn, Pres. Sanderson.

Particulars in our Retail Catalogue will be ready in January. We will send it to all on application. Our Wliolesale
Lists will be sent as usual.
jll2

V. H. HALLOCK, SON & THORPE, Queens, L. I., N. Y.

-^^Carnation Florets^^

IN LARGE SUPPLY THE

ntf

THOS. F. SEAL,

IIN10NV1LL,E, CHESTER CO., PA. d6

ENGRAVING photograph-

NO DRAWING tREQU I RED ■

NO HAND WORK necessary-

SEND (CHEAP. ARTISTIC.

PABTinnsBcl CROSSCUP i WEST ENG.CO.
rARTICUlRR5l7o.2 chestnut st. phila.pa.

EVERGREEN^^ DECIDUOUS

TREE SEEDS.

OUR UATALOQtJE of these Seeds is now ready and contains full list of Evergreen and Deciduous Trees and Shrubs,
Vines and Fruits, THOMAS MEEHAN, Cermantown, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic. Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE ^

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Graperies, Conservatories, Propagating Houses, For-
cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying
Booms, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTAXTLY OX HAND

Expansion Tanks. Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

OJkVZO SIMEITH,

myl2

86 BEVERLY STREET,

BOSTON, ]yi.A.SS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

^CHRYSANTHEMUMS^

My coUection of Clirysanthemuins is the largest, finest and most complete in the world. It includes the best of the
older varieties, aU the new European and American varieties, of lum and 1S84, twenty-flve novelties from China and
Japan, and fifteen new varieties of decided merit of my own growing. New varieties of last season and all old varieties
arejready for delivery now : new varieties of this season ready in February and March. Write for prices, they are very low.

CARNATIONS.

These three splendid fancy variegated Carnations, Mrs. Cardigie, Chas. J. Clarke, and Petunia, of last season are
decidedly the most profitable for cut-flower growing. They command double the retail prices of other sorts and are long
stemmed and extremely free flowering. Price, 85.00 per 100 ; plants ready now.

Well established plants of Peter Henderson, Snowdon, Hinsdale, Springfield, Goodrich, Philadelphia, President
Carfleld, Hinze's White, Black Knight, King of Crimsons, La Purite, Shellflower, Firebran<l, Lady Emma, etc.
«3.00 per 100 ; 82.5.00 per 1000.

'* William Francis Bennett."

I have obtained from Mr. Evans the exclusive agency for the sale of this celebrated Rose in Western Pennsylvania.
Circulars and price list on application. I will deliver the Roses in Pittsburgh and vicinity free of express charges.

WRITE FOR PRIHES ^ ™"y '^ splendid general stock of Roses, all varieties ; hardy and tender ; including
. ; * . . , fiy-\J. allnovelties;Clematis,Wi,sterias, Ferns. Palms, Eucharis, Orchids, Ivies. Aristolochia.
etc., etc. A tnal order and my prices wdl convince you ol the desiralileness of dealing with me.

BENJ. A. ELLIOTT,

54 Sixth Street, PITTSBURGH, PA.

FIR TREE OIL.

West Piiiladklpuia, Oct. 9th, 1884.

Dear Sirs— We have tried the Soluble Fir Tree Oil Insecticide, and
take pleasure in stating that we have found it an etfectual destroyer of
all kinds of insect life to whirh plants in our greenhouses were subject,
including red spider. You may use our; certificate in advocating it to the
trade, but be particular to mention "if used iu thorough compliance with
given directions."— Yours truly^ Craig Bros.

Messrs. A. Rolker, & Sons, New York.

To be bought through any respectable Seed House in the larger towns,
in pint bottles at 75 els in half pints at 50 els. For larger quantities addressi

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS,

ns The Sole Agents for America. P. O. Box 899, or 44 DEY STREET. NEW YORK.

CTRAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

Established in 1857,
NO. 296 I*EA.FII- STREET,
P. O. Box 2956. New York City.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES : "'

■C. Q. VAN TUliKRIiKN, .Ir., SiiPilsnian and Florist, - Haarlem, Holland.

JOHN STKW.VHT A S( INS Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, .... Dundee, Scotland.

liEVAVASSKIIR A KII.S, Nursoryuien and Florists, Ussy, France,

IjENAULT HUKT, Nursi-rvnian and Florist, Ussy, France.

PIERRE SKIUKK, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

COCHET-AIIHIN A FII.S, Hose (irowers, Grisy-Suisnes, Franca.

EUGENE VEUliIKR Fn>> AINE, Florist; New Gladioluses, Roses, Paeonias, etc., a specialty, Paris, France.

V. LK.Mf)INK, Floiist; new varieties of Plants aspecialty, -.-.-- Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBlIF/i, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, • - - OUioules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON. Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEM.SCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florlstfl.
whoee Catalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. ]al3

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

They are Guaranteed to be the Host Powerful, Durable and Eco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Cauntry.

We are also mannfactnring all the various sizes of MYERS
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &;c.
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price List.

R. A.. STAT.A.IM',

1173 South Ninth Street,

THOS. J. MYERS, Manager.

mhtf

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

taproTed Soi Water Mers

FOR HEATING

Grralioiises, Grajurles, CowTatorliis, Projaptii Hooses, k.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No. 46 Marion Street, New^ York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS, di2

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

II

■ Send for Circular and conditions of insertion under this heading. "^^ft

GENERAL BULB CO. Medals at Paris,
&c., Vogeleazang, near Haarlem, Holland.

THOMAS MEEHAN,

Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil.

MICHEL PLANT* SEED CO., Bulbs, Seeds, ; PENFIELD BLOCK CO.. Wood, Pot, Tree,
Plants, Supplies, St. Louis, Mo. Labels, Plain, Painted; Lockport, N. Y.

OELSCHia a MEYER, Out-door Rose
Growers. Canes, &c.. Savannah, Geo. I

FAY :■!"" CRAPES

06

BEST STOCKk

IN THE

WORLD

BMAIX FI4UITS .\ND TREES. LOW TO DEALEK* AM> PLANTERS. EVERYTHING FIRST-
. CLASS. FitEE CATALOGCES. GEO, s. JossELY.V, FKEDOMA, N. Y.

WM. J. STEWART,

— WUOLESALE DEALKU IN —

CUT FLOWERS

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,
BOSTON and PHILADELPHIA.

We have the exclusive Agency for the sale of the flowers
of the Celebrated

fl2

SEND FOR PRICE LIST.S.

67 Bromfleld Street,)
Boston, Mass. J

1518 Chestnut St.,
FbUadelphla, Fa.

CHAS. R. STILLWELL,

Wholesale Florist and Rose Grower.

ROSES GROWN SPECIALLY for WINTER FORCING.
SEND FOR TRADE LIST, jll2

King's Highway, Gravesend, L. 1., N. Y.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plantatioos, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grap«
Vines, Seeds and SeedUngi for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

mhtf Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

Verbenas, Stock Plants, Roses,
Carnations, Geraniums.

And a general greenhouse stock for the trade.

SEED. Bulbs and Small Fruit Plants.

TRADE LIST FREE.

ja2

C. E. ALLEN, Brattleboro, Vt.

MATTHEWS'

SEED
DRILL

Hand Cultivator,
Wheel Hoe,

SINGLE OR COMBINED. =g

Adniilleil by leading Seedsmen und Market Garden
ers everywhere to he the most perfect and reliable
implements in use for planting and eultlvaliuj; gar-
den crops. Beware of cheap Jmitalions! Inquire fur
the genuine machines wliich are male onlv bv-

T. B. EVERETT & CO., Boston, Mass.

<I3 Send for circulars, givinglatest prices and improvements.

BOSTON TEA ROSES

Carefully packed and shipped to all points in Western and
Middle States, at lowest Boston market prices. Price list
of Flowers and Florists' supplies sent on application.

WELCH BROS.,

02

WHOLESALE FLORISTS,
165 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.

GEO. MULLEN, Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School St, near Parker House,) Boston, MasS.

Flowers carefully packed and shipped to any part of the
country. Send for Prii-e List. Special rates om regular lots.
Orders by mail, telegraph or express promptly attended to.
Immortelles, Immortelle Lettermg, Wire DeaigiLS, Coil Wire
TinfoU, Bleached Wheat, Match Sticks, Toothpicks, con-
stantly on hand and sold at lowest wholesale rates. (For-
merly with W. J. Stewart.) dl2

Wo?.26lHm)o.'.i

IN order to et^ure new cuauiaieie, we will b*^ul1 W** Ulioice i!ja-
boaaed Pictures 4 German DoUs' Heads, 1 Elegant
liintj.iay Card, 8 Imported Cliromos, 'U. Pretty Album,
and Eewiird Cnrda, 1 Album of 50 Cob red Tritnsfer Plctorer,
100 Selections for Aotocraph AlbuiriB, 10 Od^! Gamee, 6 ne'^V
Style Red Napkins, l Pack Puzzle Oirda, 1 Pocket Bt«j^. .
All theabove goods forSScta. A-ldre^B, F-S« AVERY,

116 SoaUi 4tb Street, WiUianuburg, IV. Y.

LOW PRESSURE-

Steam Heating

DWELLINGS ANd'gREENHOUSES.
jA.^iL^Ls shore:,

mhtf GERMANTOTVN, PHILA.

THOMAS YOUNG, Jr.,

WHOLESALE FLORIST,

NO. II WEST 27TH STREET,
NEIW YORK.

4S-CH0ICB ROSES A SPECIALTY.-S* 8l2

LOUIS BOEHMER,

EXPORTER OF

Mwa Plaits, Bollii!, M\ k.

XO^OS. 4. 5 <Sc 28 BLXJFF,

Prices on application. [f 12] YOKOHAMA. JAPAN.

ja4

BIQ

DCpPlpCand Inti of ihfm can be
DLnnl CO Krnwn if t/o'i full ow our
method. V Free Catnlogue describes all
HALE BROS.. So. Glantonbury. CoPX

12

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Something New in Water Heaters

Please take Notice.

Sectional View of Carmody's Patent

SECTioinL iimm mm mm

Especially adapted to the heating of

And other Buildings where the HOT WATER system is desired.

This Heater is composed of sections, and
can be enlarged or diminished in size at will.

By removing the impacting sections It be-
comes a first-chiss saddle boiler.

It can be used in connection with a fla«
along the ground, or not, at pleasure

It requires no fire pit, where water is liable
to extiiij^uish the fire.

It burns soft coal as well as hard, and does
not clog up with soot.

It has more heating surface in proportion
to its size tlian any other boiler in the market.

It is the CHEAPEST and most durable first-
class boiler made.

For Descriptive Circular and Price lilit,
address the Proprietor*

J. D. CARMODY,

FLORIST.

EVANSVILLE, IND.

HOW TO HEAT A GREENHOUSE WITH WATER.

Tlie iuventor of this Heater has lately pub-
lished an illustrated treatise on the above sub-
ject, which every Florist should possess, as it
gives full instruction how to set the boiler, ar-
range the pipe, make joints, mend leaks, and
much other desirable information. In fact, any
one by following its directions can pipe their
own houses without the assistance of a plumber
or high-priced labor. Price 50 cents. Address,

J. D. CARMODY,

tstf £vansTille, Ind.

ORNAMENTAL TREES, &c.,

FOR LAWN, PARK KM STREET PLAIfTIlffr.

AMERICAN WHITE ELM, "The Crowning Glory of Am. Forests," 6 to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 12 and 12 to 15 feet

ROCK or SUGAR MAPLE 6 to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 12, 13 to 15 and 15 to 30 "

ASH LEAVED MAPLE, Acer Negundo 6 to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 12 and 12 to 15 "

CATALPA SPECIOSA, Hardy Catalpa 6 to 8, 8 to 10 and 10 to 13 "

LOMBARDY POPLAR G to 7, 7 to 9, 9 to 10, 10 to 12 and 12 to 15 "

WEIR'S CUT-LEAVED MAPLE G to 8, 8 to 10 and 10 to 13 "

TULIP TREES 5 to 6, G to 8 and 8 to 10 "

LAUREL-LEAVED WILLOW, Beautiful Glossy Laurel-like Leaves 5 to 7, 7 to 8 and 8 to 10 "

A large stock of tlio ijrece.liiij;, .i)icl ;i iiiodorate supply of most varieties of ORNAMENTAIy TREES.

Kilmarnock, Wisconsin and Babylonica Weeping
Willows, and Fulva Pendula Elm.

ALSO, A LAEGE ASSORTMENT OF SHRUBBERY FOR LAWN AND PARK
PLANTING. A FINE STOCK OF ALL THE CHOICER VARIETIES OF GRAPE
VINES, ONE AND TWO YEARS OLD.

A full and cotaplete assortment of NURSERY STOCK of all descriptions.
Price Lists FREE on application. 30tli TEAR 600 ACKES-

Tlie TRADE supplied at liberal rate*.
— al GREENHOUSES.

The Storrs

<£ Harrison Co.,
PAINESVILLE, OHIO.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

»3

TO THE TR.A.OE:

THE NEW RED ROSE,

jf

"WM. FRANCIS BENNETT.

"WILL BE READY FOR DELIVERY ON AND AFTER

I MARCH 15th, 1885 |#| ORDERS NOW RECEIVED. |

For Circulars and Terms, please address

CHAS. F. EVANSp

Station F, Philadelphia, Pa.

P. S.— The date March 1st
in Dec. advertisement was
a printer's error.
tnl2

THE SEED TRADE.

From J. C. ERDMANN,

Armstadt, near Erfurt, Germany,
All. GREENS and FLOWER SEEDS of the BEST
QUALITY. WHOLESALE PRICE LIST to be had
tiRATIS. ja2

Send six cents for postage, and receive
free, a costl j^ box of goods which will help
all, of either sex, to more money right
away than anything else in this world.
Fortunes await the workers absolutely
sure. At once address True & Co., Augusta, Maine. mhr2

■n iS G X* C PERLESTBON SILENE AND HERMOSA,

^Ai \J >9 Xa O '2?/.,-in. pots. $4.00 per lOU.

^T X f\ T X'T' O ' SWANLEY WHITE.
V X W JLi Xi X A 23.,-in. pots, $6.00 per 100.
ROOTED CARNATIONS ot 12 varieties, $12 per 1000. Send
orders early if you want them at these low rates.

WALTER W. COLES, Clarmont, Del.

A PRIZE

TIIIKTV YEARS' experience in the bnsinept^,

Sfb'Si"f.'am?rfVegetable,Flower&,Field Seeds.

For puritv, vitali! v. uhI .sniHTiiir niialit^ ,tht \ i-aD-
not be excelled, .-^["-ci^ilh- tni- tlii>s.- wh.. ;i!'i'i>-L-i;ite it
clioieesloek'.if Seed*.. A trial is n-iim-.-t' d.ainlthey will
recomuieud tUemsi-ivi's, SiniiliV Seed ('ntaloffiie*
with select, lists of V.'irrtaliI>M-i..wiTHii<n-'irl<l Sf:■^'dp.a^d
Bulbs, alBO Implemeut.M.'iiicl Ganlfii liPiniiMif.s inajlt'fl to
l.S.>IITlI,See(Iwn

all apphcautH. FHEI-:. \V.>I.I1
(Late of the firm of Honrv A Tn .
ja4 r??~IOI 8 MARKET STREET

iLateof thetirmof H^pn^A Pnt^r) pUM AflU PUIA

>LORAI>'WOKLD, superb,^ ilPst'd, SI monthly, free 1

year Now for this ad. and 24c. Highland Park,

[fl2

The Forester.

BY JAMES BKO^VN, LL.D.,

Inspector and Reporter^ Woods and Forests, Ontario. A
Practical Treatise on the Planting, Rearing and General
Management of Forest Trees. 6th Edition, Enlarged and
Improved. Profusely Illustrated. Royal 8vo, J^ Itoan, pp.
898. Price, glO.OO, by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H, MARUT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HOW THE FARM PAYST

77te Experiences of hO years of Successful Inarming and
Gardetiing, b-y the authors

WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

Profusely Illustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
Price prepaid, by mail $2.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Art of Grafting and Budding

By CHARLES BALTET,
Appropriately and fullj; illustrated by 186 cuts, showing
methods, tools and appliances. Pp. 230, 12 mo. cloth, flexi-
ble. Price $1.25 mailed, postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street Phlla.

hovTtOunt andTrap.

By /. B. Batty, Hunter and Taiidermist.

Con' aining full instructions for hunting the Buffalo, Elk, Moose*
Deer, Antelope, Bear, Fox, .irouse. Quail, Geese, Ducks, Wood-
cock, Snipe, etc., etc. Also, tbe localities where game abounds.
In trapping, tells you all about steel traps; how to make home-
made traps, and how to »ap the Bear, Wolf, Wolverine, Fox, Lynx,
Badger, Otter, Beaver, Fisher, Martin, Mink, etc., Birds of Prey
poisoning carnivorous animals, with full directions for preparing
pelts for market, etc. Fully illustrated. 223 pages. i2mo cloth;
Price $1.50. Sent post-paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

14

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Send Your Orders Now, for Fall Delivery, to

nm§, OBQWiBS AN© ll^P©R7iBB.

OrriCE AND FILIAL£: CdUege Point, L. I., N. Y. P. O. Box 78.

Our speoialtv is growing Roses at large. We offer the best quality quantity and variety in this country. Our
Roses are all budiled on SEEDLING BRIA,R (Rosa canina), the only stock tliat will grow here outside to perfection, and
flower all Summer. All Roses worked on this stock force in the first year, we only send fine strong two-year-old
bushes— none on their own roots are sent out. Write for our Wholesale Catalogue, and see what our customers say
about them on the cover page. Any florist can force our Roses with success.

The Best Old Hybrid Perpetnals
for Forcing are:

615 ALFRED COLOMB,

637 ANNA ALEXIEFF,

639 ANNIE DE DIESBACH (GLOIRE DE PARIS),

677 BARONESS ROTHSCHILD,

699 BERTHE BARON,

733 CHARLES LEFEBRE,

763 COMTE CARNEVAL,

1118 MABEL MORRISON,
1345 MAGNA CHARTA,
I205 MME. GABRIEL LUIZET,
1497 PRINCE CAMILLE DE ROHAN.

Catalogue free to all applicants. Please mail all letters
SEND YCXUR ORDERS NOW FOR FALL DELIVERY.

The Best New Varieties, out of
1880, '81, '82, '83, are:

2051 JULIUS FINGER, H. P.,
2055 MADAME DUCHER, H. P.,
2196 PRIDE OF WALTHAM, H. P.,
220( ULRICH BRUNNER FILS, H. P.,
2202 VIOLETTE BOYER, H. P.,
2204 BLANCHE NABONNAND (TEA),
2224 RED MALMAISON (BOURBON),
2270 MERVEILLE DE LYON.

This last variety will get one of the first places.

PANSY SEEDS IN 40 CHOICE VARIETIES A SPECIALTY.
to our Branch at College Point, L. I., N. T.i P. O. Box 78.

Catalogue for Private Planters free on application.

tjI12

SCHULTHEIS BROS., Rose Growers.

WHITE

THE >IA<iAKA WHITE iJUAPE VO. having decided to offer mr sale to
the genera.! public, without retitrictiun, a limited number ot tw-i-year-uld vines of
their Celebratftl \\ bile (impe N'lAI^AKA^ orders will now be received and
_^^^^^^_^^^,^_^^_^_^.^_ entered in rotation for vines t'l be delivered in the spring of 1k8o, until their stock of
vines in HXhriunted, Its iiieritcd popularity has induced unscrupuloua persons to attempt a FKAL'I) in of-
fering t^> furnish them t. • their cuetoraers at a reduced price, claiming that theyarp genuine Niagaras. This Co.
desires, therefur-;, ti> iuforra the public that it now hii-s, and aUvayN lia^ lind^ the iitinoluic control and

pos»iit'.s-.i«»n of all the
(XT' And that NO
OTHEK PERSON
HAS EVKK HAD
THE RIGHT TO
PROPAGATE IT

^

NIAGARA

nes grown from the \^ood or cuttin^M of the Niagara up to thirs lime.

Only persons hav-
ing a certificate of
antlioritv from the
<_'o., iinHer ihet'o'f*
SKAI., will have the
right to take orders
for or the ahility to
Nupplv the vines of the Niagara, and that errry vine fmmishedbii the r-.. direct or thrv.ugh
their authorized agents, tnUh-irr. ^e^-urrh/ atlarhM to it a SEAI-. plainly Rtimp^^d ^'th our
KegiNtered Trade-mark. Reliable dealers and nurserymen will he supplied on liberai
terms, and famished with authority to lake orderH, making satisfactory arrange-
ments with the Company. I:,ocal ageiilM %vanted m ever^own throughout the Unit-ed
Stat«H and Canada to sell our Niag-ara vines from sample
grapes Outlit for canvassing furnished to agents. Address i

mom WHITE GMPE CO. 'Sy^T^-

CRAPE

TOBACCO STEMS,

In bales weighing 500 lbs. eacb, at SS.OO per bale, or three

bales for SIS.OO.
TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board of boats or cars.

ni2 Straiton 6l Storm,

204-208 Bast 27th St., New York Oity.
HOW TO RAISE FRUIT

By THOMAS GREGG.

A Hand-book of Fruit Culture, being a Guide to the proper Cul-
tivation and Management ot Fruit Trees, and of Grapes and small
Fruits. 184 pages, i2mo, cloth, fully illustrated. Price, $1.00. Sent
by mail post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

ja4

FOR

15S5

CVVALUABLC TO ALLI

Will be mailed pppp

to all applicants r i%l^& - . _

and to customers of last year without

ordering it It contains illuKtrations, prices,

descriptions and directions for planting all

Vegetable and Flower SEKDS, BULBS, etc.

D.M.FERRY&CO.'^^i^S'T

FARM HOMES,

IN-DOORS AND OUT-DOORS.

By E. H. Lkland.
Illustrated, 204 pages, cloth, price 81.50; mailed, post-paid on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Ctaeatnnt St., FblU.

IIIICHIBAH"'"^'^

300.000 Acres

Find the beat marbets In tbe world
ri^lit ai their dixtrs. Blizzards and
tornadoes do not (levastnte tbetr crops
anil rain tbelr bome«». I have

for £iale. Exay piiTmeoU; loog

time ; low ratfl of Interoat.

0. M. Oa&Xis. LanmUs* Mleh.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. 15

Cattleya Dowiana '^ Cattleya Skinnerii
♦f Cattleya Skinnerii alba *^

Having been appointed Sole Agent in the United States, by Mr. H. A. Guier
of Cartago, Costa Rica, I am now prepared to receive orders for the above

— -RARE AND BEAUTIFUL ORCHIDS —

For Spring Delivery, at prices much lower than ever oflE'ered. Specimen Plants
of the first two named, with 50 to 150 Bulbs, can be supplied. "We also offer

TRICOPILIA CRISPA, SUAVIS and COCCINEA.

PERISTERIA ELATA, ZYCOPETALUM AROMATICUM.
PESCATOREIA CERINA and AUREA STRIATA.

ODONTOCLOSSUWI PULCHELLUWI, OERSTETTII and SCHLIPERIANUM.
WARSCEWICZELLA DISCOLOR and MARCINATA.
ONCIDIUM COOPERII, CYCNOCHES, AUREUM.

ACINETAS, CATASETUMS, LYCASTES, BARKERI A SKINNERII.
MASDEVALLIA BELLA, REICHENHAMI St. COOPERII ALBA.
SOBRALIAS, ANTHURIUMS, TREE FERNS, &c., Ac.
OUR NEW CATALOGUE OF ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, TOGETHER WITH SPECIAL OFFER BY THE
DOZEN, NOW READY, MAILED ON APPUCATION.

ORCHIDS AS CHEAP AS GOOD ROSES.

PRIMULA SINENSIS, Strong Plants, 4 and 5-Inch pots. In fine variety, at $10.00 per 100

SMILAX, Extra Strong, 3-inch pots 6.00 per 100

Established 1864. ^^^3^ Rosebapk Nurseries, Govanstown, Balto. Co., Md.

NURSERIES,

ORLEANS, PRANCE,

Beg to inform their American friends and customers generally that their

New List for 1884 and 1885

Is now ready and may be had on application to

Messrs. Knauth, Nachod & Kuhne,

5 ns. WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK.

This Catalogue contains Wholesale Prices of aU the Fruit Tree Slocks ; an extensive list of Fruit Trees, New and
Hardy Ornamental Plants, Climbers, the Hardiest and Best Conifers and Roses on their own roofs. Also, Small' Conifers
Deciduous and Evergreen Ornamental Trees, one or two years' seedlings, most useful for Nurserymen.

The import duty, 20 per cent., has now been abolished, thus making it greatly advantageons and profitable for
Nurserymen generally to import.

.^^N. B.— The greatest attention given to packing. ^

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

TO FLORISTS AND HORTICULTURISTS ^^^_Z^^g¥gii^^^

Lilac Charles X (Ufd}, L. alba Virginalls, L. Persica Sauj;eaiia, nice plants, cultivated in pots, 5 to 12 branches:
4 to 12 bud flowers, 8136 to «50 ^ 100. Lilac Red, of Marly and Saugeaiia sjicoially for White Lilacs. Good plants, cul-
tlTated in open ground, well set with flowers, «25 to «35 ^ liKi. Staphylea colchica in pots, «40 to S50 ^ 100, Prunns
sluensiB flore pleno, cultivated in pots, well set, *30 to «35 ft 100. Spiraea Japonica, nice plants for forcing, S40 to
•66 per 1000. Dentzia gracilis, nice plaTits, with 5 to 8 branches, well set with flowers, S45 to 8i70 per 1000.

ROSES !

ROS£S !

ROSES !

ROSES!

BEST SORTS FOR FORCING AND FOR AMATEURS.

Standards $170 to S800 per 1000 Own Roots, Bengales, assisted

Half Standards SlOO to $160

Iiow Budded ou Manetti 'S65 to £90 "

" " " Brier Roots $90toS130 "

Own Roots, fine assortment 355 to }70 "

" " Strong, transplanted... ,«65 to $75 "

" " Soav. Halmaison $65 to $70 "

'• " " transplanted

830 to $37 per 1000
$60 to $70 "
S40to $60 "

White Dncher

" " " ass'd, transplVl. .

Tea Roses, cultivated in pots, best

sorts for forcing, budded on Brier

Roots $180 "

Same cultivated in open ground $100 "

All the Roses are selected among the best trading sorts.

10.
1,

PSBO

Rose Stock Manetti, fine Extra and No. 1, from $65 to $75 per 10,000. Rose Stock Sagrifferaye, $60 to $80 per
),000. This stock preferable to graft Tea Roses. Rose Brier Seedlings, 1 year extra, $30 per 10,000 ; No. 1, S»0 per
000; Transplanteil, fine 2 years. $76 per 10,000. Camellias, Azaleas, Indica and Mollis, Rhododendrons, Clematis,
'seoAles arl>oreaan<l sinensis. Magnolias, Conifers, Viola, Fictis aspidistra, Pliormlum, Dahlias.

THE NEW YELLOW ROSE HYBRID PERPETUAL (CLOIRE LYONAISE).

Most extraordinary Var. ever offered. Obtained by crossing Mad. Falcot and Baronne de Rothschild. Splendid,
curious Var.; first-rate for forcing & bouquets. Reatly November. One plant, $4; Six. $23; Doz.,$4S: 25 for $80.

VERY IMPORTANT,— Persons intending to send for the New Yellow Perpetual should do it immediately,
aa stock is limited and many orders are already booked.

ARAUCARIA EXCELSA ! ARAUCARIA IMBRICATAI

These plants are cultivated in my Nurseries in such large quantity that I am able to offer them at very low prices.

Young Seedling Plants, .5 to 7 inches $9 to $1 1 per doz. I Araucaria excelsa giauca, Cun-

" Plants from head cuttings or grafts, S to 10 in $14 to $18 " ninghamii, Bidwillii, Rulel, fine

'* " " " " 10 to 15 in $18 to $20 *' plants. Prices sent on application.

" " " " " 15to20in $20to$36 " I

" " " " " 20 to 25 in $85 to $45 " 1 All are nice, good, stout plants.

A. imbricata. 2 years old, 5 to 7 in $10 to $12 per 100 I A. imbricata, 5 years old, 15 to 20 in... $6 to $8 per doz.

" 3 " VtolOin S20to$30 " Nice Plants, (! " 20to'25in... $8 to $10 "

" i " 10 to 15 in $30 to $40 " | The plants 5 and 6 years old are stout, nice and well-shaped.

TO NURSERYMEN! Fruit Trees and Stocks !

Tbey are splendid and in fine condition.

— PRUNUS PISSARDI

Tliis fine ornamental tree, with its dark
red leaves and black wood, keeps its
foliage red until frost, and is the most
delicious ornamental tree ever seen. I
offer them by 100 and 1000 in youne
plants, of 1 and 2 years. A few hundred
very fine specimen plants on Standards
anil Pyramids, 2 and 3 years old, are
also in disposable stock.
near Paris, France. Half the value of

Before sending your orders to Europe, please a^k prices of the foJlowing Stocks,
700.000 to 800,000 Pears, 1 &2yrs,Ex

75,000 Plum Stock, St. Julien and My-
rnbolan from Layers trans-
planted for Standards.

60 to 60,000 Quince, Extra and No. 1.

1,000,000 Pears, No. 1

300.000 " fine, transplanted.

600.000 Apple Stocks, Extra.
1,000,000 '' " No. 1. I

300.000 Doucin A Paradise Stocks. Pear and Apple Seeds first quality,

500.000 Mahaleb Cherry Stocks. , cropped by ourselves, warranted fresh

^oo OOO Nlazzard '* I

loolooo Plum Stock, St. Julien and I seeds, supplied at low prices ; also
Myrobolan from seed. I Plum and Mahaleb Seeds.

Orders must be sent directly to L. PAjLLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine)

order must accompany it, or be deposited with my bankers in New York City, Messrs. JoitN Munroe & Co., 32 Nassau
Street, where references can be had. Catalogues printed in English will be sent on application. We have exported to
U. S. for more than 30 years immense quantities of stocks of every kiiul, and supply most of the American nurserymen.

Ettabilshed 1827. [toi] L. PAILLET, Chatenay (Seine), near Paris, France.

GARDENING FOR PROFIT.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

New and enlarged edition. Illustrated. 276 Pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price, 81.50. Sent hy mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLKK.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and Dei^iduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 pages, fine cloth. Price 51.50; maileil, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

WINDOW FLOWER GARDEN

By Julius J. Heintich,

Handsoniely dlustrated. This work endeavors by a few simple
directions for the management of plants and flowers in the window
or conservatory, to show to all members of the family, and especial-
ly the children, that the cultivation of flowers is not difficult, and
brings more real enjoyment than many more expensive amusements .

It is intended for all, including children, excluding technical terms
as far as possible, and giving the most simple directions. 93 pp., 13
mo, cloth 75c. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt ot price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila

PATENT BINDER

For the Gardener's Monthly. Numbers filed with the greatest
convenience Preserve them filed for reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 40
ccou each. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHASrH. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. Phila.

JOHNSON'S OYGLOP/EDIA

4 vols, bound in % turkey in first-rate order at StO.OO, by
express at purchaser's cost. This is a rare chance. Speak
quickly. Liable to be sold at any moment. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, S14 Chestnut St., Pbila.

HOW TO MANAGE BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS.

By Edmund Wkicley.
Being .1 Director's Guide and Secretary's Assistant, with forms
for Keeping Books and Accotint";, also nilcs, examples and explana-
tions illustrating the various plans of working, an pages, lamo,
cluth. Price, J2.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.
Address. CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Sucet, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

o<| EXCELSIOR FUMIGATOR AND INSECT DESTROYER t>^

Patented by HERMANN PERLICH, Baltimore.

c

to
o

2

z

o
o

Cfl'

CD

:r
o

c

o

CD

C

•-S

The above illustrates a very effectual and durable apparatus for *' fumigating" greenhouses, conservatories, poultry-
"bouses. hospitals, sick-rooms and ships. It dispense?^ entirely with the usual custom of smoking to rid plants of insects,
"by which procedure choice plan's are »iften destroyed in hot-houses and vermin increased for the want of proper fumiga-
tion. This Fumigatnr is simple in construction, made durable and cheap, and is entitled to be called ExceUiur. This appa-
ratus can be used withouttheleast fear of tire and without being closely watched. A receptacle, No. 8, for burning sulphur
is used for purif>ing air in hospitals, sick-rooms, ships, or exterminating dangerous or contagious disease in houses or places
where the atninspbere has become foul or condensed; it is also excellent for purifying air, killing insects in poultry-houses.
Clothiers can rid their cloths and clothing from destructive moths with this fumigator and valuable furs may be saved in
the same way. It is death to flies, mosquitoes and roaches. This apparatus is considered indispensable by Gardeners, Flor-
ists and Amateurs, wherever it has been once used, as will be seen by reading the truthful testimonialsin tht- circulars.

Illustrated and descriptive circulars with full explanations and price list will be sent free to any address plainly
■written. Please address, H£RftIANN FERLICH, Inveutor, Florist and Seedsman,

Fells Point Seed Store. 18:? S. IJrondway, Baltimore. Md.

in FLORISTS in

Electrotypes of the

Wivi.F. Bennett
<KROSE>o

are NOW FOR SALE by

A. BLANC,

Philadelphia.

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS,

Seedsmen and Nurserymen

ONLY.

Send for prints ; also 25c.

for large booli, sliowing

25011 electros for sale cheap,

and deduct from tii'st or-

,^ , der. No doubt every florist

vI'It*., ™'"' '>^ li^'l engravings

-• made might have saved K

the money by dealing with

me— try it.

^^ A. BLANC,

iJorth Eleventh Street, Philadelphia.

HAl-BOOK OF PLANTS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet oomprehensive Dictlonarj of Plants «
As a book of reference it will take the place for all practical
purpoi«e8t of the expensive and voluminous European
works of this kind. Has been written with special view to
the wants of the climate of the United States, both in
matters of propagation and culture. InstructionB for cul-
ture of many imporiant plants, such aa the Rose, have beeo
uiven at length. Scope of work embraces botanical name,
derivation, Liuusean and natural orders ot alt leading
g;eiiera of ornamental or useful plauts up to present
time. All important species and varieties with brief In-
structions for propagation and culture. A valuable
feature to amateurs is all knoTvn local cr common
names. Arrangement ol book is alphabetical, and anv
plant can be quickly referred to under scieutitic or com-
mon name. Index Is added where important plauts or
modea of culture can be referred to at once. Also compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical termsp with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fine
paper, handsomely bound in cloth. Sent by mail, postage paid
on receiptof price, 83.00. Address '

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

The Goish and ifs Culture,

BY HtTGO MTTLERTT.

It is intended in this book to furnish reliable information
for the propagation of the lish in this country and its
proper management in captivity ; propagation and care ia
fish pond.s, aquariums, Ac; enemies and diseases, and how-
to combat and prevent them. 12rao, cloth, pp 108 illun-
trated. Price, 81.00, post-paid. Address, '

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St, Fbila,

I8

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FLOWER SEEDS

For FLORISTS and GROWERS.

Ceutaurea gj'mnocarpa per 1000 seeds .80

*' caudidissima *' " $1.00

Smilax per oz. 2.00

Mignonette, Milee* Spiral ** ,75

Terbena, Dreer's Clioicest Mixed " 4.00

Sweet Alyssutn, Browallia, Torenia, Ten-Week
Stocks, Vinca, Phlox, Maurandia, Lobelia, and all
Other Seeds for present Sowing, seiui for Price List.

HENRY A. DREER, Seedsman and Florist,

714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

DO WNING'S —

mSMHlT „„..„,

Or, Tie Cnltiire, ProMatlon, and Management, in lie
Garden and Orclard, of Frnlt Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Descriptions of all the Finest Varie
ties of hruit, Native and Foreign, cultivated in this Coun-
try; containing, also, A HISTORY OF lis'SECTS Injurious to
Fruit, an<l the best methods of destroying tliem.

Mr. Charles Downing has been engaged on this revision
from time to time, and has produced nnquestionably £/)e
most complfte Mejerence Book for the Cultivators of Pruit
ever issued.

Of Apples only he lias over 450 pages of varieties. New
and better drawings and engravings have also been made of
all the Fruit.

The complete work, including three Appendices, is
brought down to 1881, and forms one thick

8V0 VOLUME OF OVER 1,250 PAGES.
Price, handsomely bound in full cloth, - - - 85.00.

Recommendation from Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,
President of the American Pomological Society :

Uentltmeii ;— I have received a copy from Mr. Charles
Downing of the second revised edition of the "Fruits and
Fruit Trees of America." It is the most comprehen-
sive of iiny similar work, in fact A COMPLETE ENCY-
CLOPEDIA OK AMERICAN POM()L« k iV, brought down
to the present time. The original edition l)y his brother, the
late Andrew Jackson Downing, popular as "it ever has been,
is made doulily interesting and usetul by this revision, com-
prising the results of a long life of critical observations.
Asa work of reference it has no equal, and deserves a place
in the Library of every Pomologist in America.— Marshall
P. Wilder.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PracUTa;;i(lsr!!i;aiidkeIl6Coration,

Together with General laformation for Sportsmen.
By JOSEPH H. BATTY,
Tsutidermist for the Hoyden Expedition and other Government
Surveys, and many of the leading Colleges and Museums of the
United States. Author of " How to Hunt and Trap/* etc. 125
Illustrations. i2mo, cloth. Price, J1.50. Mailed, post-paid, on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 8i4Chestnut St., PhiU

PRACTICAL HINTS

On the selection and use of tlie

MICROSCOPE,

Intended for begioners, by John Phin,

£ditor of the Am Journal of Microscopy. Fourth and en-
larged edition. Profusely illustrated; 240 pp., 12mo, cloth.
Price, 81.00. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

Of Real Merit. Flowers 5 to 7 inches across. I offer

24 varieties, selected from a collection received from
China and Japan, on account of the immense size of
flowers, llioe colors, distinctness and good habit of
growth. This is the best set of New Chrysanthematuft
ever otfered ; and when known they will be highly prized
for all purposes. PRICE, $12.00 the SET; list on application.
Order early, as STOCK is LIMITED.

IS- TATA-TEiSRlEFt,

Importer of Plants and Bulbs,

t 3809 POWELTON AVE., PHILA.

Hand-book of Useful Tables

For the Lumberman, Farmer and Mechanic, containing ac-
curate tables of logs reduced to inch board measure, plank,
scantling and timber measure ; wages and rent by week or
month ; capacity of granaries, bins and cisterns ; land
measures; interest tahles, with direction for finding the
interest on any sum at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 per cent, and many
other useful tables. Revised and enlarged edition, \X'l i)p.,

25 cents. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT. SU Chestnut St.. Piiila.

I

Chiefly such as are Caused by Fungi, by Washington G.
Smith, F.L.S., M.A.I. Member of the Scientific Commit-
tee of the Royal Horticultural Society. 113 Illustrationfl
drawn and engraved by the author. 16 mo, 353 pages, cloth,
price $1.50, by mail post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

YOUR PLANTS

BY JAMES SIIEEHAN.

PLAIN and PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS for the TREAT-
MENT of TENDER and HARDY PLANTS in the

kioxtse: ANn garh-e-n.

12mo, paper, 79 piiges. Price, mailed, post-paid, 40 cents.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,
8U Chestnut Street, Phila.

The Scientific Angler

Being a general and instructive work on Artistic Angling.
By the late David Foster.

Containing the habits and haunts of fish, bottom fishing
(general), pike fishing, spinning for trout, worm fishing for
trout, grub fishing for grayling, piscatorial entomology, on
fly making, fiy fishing for trout and gra\iing, live fly and
beetle fishing, notes on the month tor fly fishing, salmon-
and sea trout fishing, aV)Out hooks.

Pp. 247. Illustrated. Cloth, 12mo. Price, pos^paid, 81.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

Orchid Grower's Manual

BV BKNJ. F. WILLIAMS, F, R. H, S,

Containing descriptions of 930 Species and Varieties ot
Orchidaceous Plants with notices oftlmes of flowering-
approved modts uf treatment and practical instructions on general
culture. Remarks on heat, moisture, soil, seasons of growth and
rest suited to the several species.

FIFTH EDITION ENLARGED WITH COLORED FRONTISPIECE,
and numerous beautiful illustrations, 336 PACES (2mO
CLOTH. Price, $3.50. Sent by mail, postage free, on re-
ceipt of price.

Address, C. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

19

TUBEROSE BUL8S, PEARL t DOUBLE.

Pearl, 1st size

" 2nd size (Blooming)

Double, 1st size

" 2nd size (Blooming)

NEW CROP NOW READY.

.per 100, $3.00; per 1000. S25.0O

2.00; " I8.00

" 2.25; " 20.00

" 1.75; 15.00

ALL BULBS GUARANTEED PURE.

Established 1853.

£NGL£ & BRO., Nurserymen and Florists,

[J^'S] MARIETTA, PA.

-SECOND EDITION, REVISED BY THE AUTHOR.-

The NeiflT

»!•

itany.

Aliectnreon the Best Method of Teaching the Science. By W. J. BEAL, M.SC.,PH.D., Professor of Botany in the
Agricultural College, Lansing, Mich. 8vo, paper. 85c. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price.

"Dr. Beal does well to say that hooks are an aid in the study, and not the proper source of knowledge at all. One
examination of a plant will teach more than the perusal of fifty books. Every student of Botany may profit by takine
counsel of Dr. Beal." — London Gardener^ s Magazine.

" This book well merits the attention of all engaged in teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study it.
Some excellent directions are given as to what should he the objects in studying Natural Science, and the best modes ol
cultivating habits of correct observation." — Lmulon Journal of Horticulture.

"The tendency of modern instruction seems to be in the direction of emancipation from text-books, with their
stereot>nied formulas ; and we believe that in no department is there more need of it than in that of Botany."— Afarfcie-
head (J/a.v.v.) Messenger.

"Neither Botany nor Horticulture is what it was a half century ago. True Gardening in these days embraces a
knowledge of tlowers to an extent that makes a gardener really a botanist ; while Botanv is a great deal more than a
mere classification of a lot of dried sticks. In the new order of things Botauy deals with "plant life, just as Gardening
does. B'ew have done so much, probably no one more, to make Botany popular'than Prof. Beal. No better service could
be rendered to botanists and gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every teacher."— Gai-denej's' Monthly
January, ISSS. " Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern teachers of Botany ." —Ibid, September, ISSS.

"It should be in the hands of every teacher of Botany, so full is it of suggestions that can be acted upon, even by
those who have no laboratory appliances. The whole etfort » * is to cultivate in the pupil • » ♦ » the ability for
original research. Those who cannot originate, had better follow those that have proved most successful. Looking at
results there are few better teachers of Botany than Prof. Beal.— 7/ie Botanical Gaielte, p. SOS, ISSl.

" It would he difficult to overestimate the difl'erence between the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such ol)servations as these, and the dreariness of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analysis of flowers." — iYe?/' York Evening Post.

''The whole lecture indicates such an amount of research and is given in so condensed a form as to render it Inter-
esting, as well as valuable, to all who are s'tudying physiological Botany and how plants behave." • » » • "The mod©

Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in training the mind. '

Country Geniletnan.

Address, CHA9. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

FRUIT aROWER'S FRIEO.

AN EASY GUIDE FOR THE

RaisingofFruitsfor Pleasure or Profit

BY R. H. HAINES.

Paper, 34 pp., 8vo, price 30 cents; mailed post-paid on receipt
of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Strfet, Phila.

ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

m BEST METHODS EMPLOYED 11 ENGLAND aDi FRANCE,

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

Witli translations of Mr. Leboeufs Essay on Asparagus,
»nd particulars of the seven years competition instituted
for its improvement. Illustrateti with wood cuts. New
edition. 84 pages. 50 cents by mail on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

BY JAMES HOGG.

A complete guide to the cultivation of Vegetables, containing
thorough instructions for Sowing, Planting andCultivating all kinds
of Vegetables ; wiih plain directions for preparing, manuring and
tilling the soil to swit each plant; including also a summary of the
work to be done in a vegetable garden during each month of the
year. 137 pages, i6mo, cloth. Illustrated. Price 50 cents; sent
by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

By JOHN MORTIMER MURPHY.

I

Author of Sporting Adventures in the Far West, Rambles in
Northwest America, The Zoology and Resources of Ore-
gon and Washington Territory. A Search for the
Mountain of Gold, The ForeMer of the Ardennes,
Adventures in the Wilds of Florida, etc., etc.
Handsomely Illustrated. 347 pages. 12mo. Cloth. Tinted
Paper. Price, S2.00 bv mail, post paid. Address
CfiAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HINTS FOR PAINTERS,

Decorators and Paper-Hangers.

being a selection of useful rules, data, memoranda, methods
and suggestions of house, ship and furniture painting, paper-
hanging, gilding, color mixing, and other matters useful and
instructive to painters and decorators. Prepared witb
special reference to the wants of Amateurs,

BY AN OLD HAND.
60 pages paper, mailed post paid for 25c. on receipt of pries.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PRACTICAL AZALEA CULTURE:

A TREATISE on the PROPAGATION and CULTURE

OF THE

AZALEA INDICA,

BY ROBERT J. HALLIDAY.
Illustrated, 110 pages, 12mo, cloth, price, ^2.00. Mailed, post
paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

20

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Indian Azaleas,

TRADE SIZES AND SPECIMENS.

MolliB and Gbent Azaleas, Rhoclodenrons, Camellias,
OrchidSi Palms and General European Stock. Apply to

A.. V-A.N CS-EEFIT,

tmhtf Cnnlinental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

FLOWER SEED BAGS IN STOCK,

I Vegetable Show Cards in Stock,
I Nurserymen's Plates in Stock,

Catalogue Plates in Stock.

MENSING & STECHER, Lithographers,

tmbl2 336-340 N. St. Paul St., Bocbester, N. T.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

Bv Geo. W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener.'*

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
ihcir cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. 1026 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
^.Oii. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

GARDEN

AND

FARM

TOPICS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

Embraces within its scope the foUowing subjects : Popu-
lar Bulbs and their culture.— Window Gardening, and Care
of Plants in Rooms. — Propagation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
ing in Winter. — Greenhouse Structures, and Modes of Heat-
ing.— Formation and Renovation of Lawns.— Onion (irow-
iug. — How to Raise (.^abbage and Cauliflower.— On the Grow-
ing and Preserving of Celery. — The New Celery, "White
Plnme."— Strawberry Culture.— Root Crops for Farm Stock.
— Culture of Alfalfaor Lucerne — Manures and their Modes
of Application.— Market Gardening around New York.—
The Use of the Feet in Sowing and Planting.— Popular
Errors and Scieutittc Dogmas in Horticulture.— Humbugs
in Horticulture.— Draining. Cloth, 12 mo, 2U pages, price
S1.50 ; by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, S14 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE SCHOOL GARDEN

XS »». SCHWAB, DIRECTOR OF THE VIENNA GVMNASIt'M, ETC.
PROM THE GERMAN BV MRS. HORACE MANN.

AdTOcating education by labor as well as by study, not as a task
tut as a delight Adapting the kindergarten principle to older
eiiildren. In France and Sweden it is no longer an experiment.
School gardens in city and town are destined to be a great educa-
tioBalforce in America. This book, full of spiritandenthusiasm.will
»aterJally hasten the day. Price by mail, 50 cts. each. By express,
5 copies for J2.00, 12 copies for $4 00. Sent on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Strect.Phib.

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGBD IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formatioD
«{ tSw Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practicet
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

I>»V2S>ON 3.— Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
i^ izosl esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated io
^a Tarious Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
joos aiwJ remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Xoscs drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
tvne Price S7 OO, mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phllad'a.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of

''"'-^°"- by WM. PAUL.

92 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, HI 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

SWEET POTATO CULTURE.

GIVING FULL INSTRUCTIONS FROM

STARTING THE PLANTS TO HARVESTING
AND STORING THE CROP.

WITH A CHAPTER ON THE CHINESE YAM.

BY JAMES FITZ,

Keswick, Va., author of ''Southern Apple and Peach
Culturist. " Paper cover. Price, Post-paid, 40 cents.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

ICONOGRAPHY

-OF-

INDIAN AZALEAS,

Containing plates and descriptions of some of the best old
and new varieties,

BY AUGUST VAN GEEKT,

With the assistance of the principal Horticulturists and
Amateurs, and translated by Th. Moore, Jr.

This splendidly illustrated work should be in the hands of
every practical gardener and lover of plants.

To nurserymen and florists it is a valuable vade mecum to
resort to. The plates will prove most useful in the offico
and will no doubt help and increase the sale of this popular
class of plants.

The amateur will find it an interesting book to consult for
the formation of liis collection. Besides it is a splendid
volume for the library or drawing room.

C^uarto, thirty-six splendid colored plates and 81 pp. text.
Price 87.50, mailed post free. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUadelphla.

Truck Farmiog at the South

A Guide to the Raising of Vegetables lor Northern Markets.

BY DR. A. OEMLER,

Prest. of Chatham Co., Georgia, Fruit and Vegetabl*
Growers Association. Illustrated. 12 mo., cloth, pp. 270.
Price $1.50. Mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

ROSES AND ROSE CULTURE.

By Wm. Paul. F.R.H.S.
The radonale of Rose cultivation in a nut-shell. Intended to
place within a small comp.iss .-Jl that is necessary for the succcssfili
cultivation of the " Queen of Flowers." 83 pages, jamo, paper-
boards. Price, 60 cents. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
nrice. Address,

CHAS. H MAROT.
814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

By Edward Spragues Rand, Jr.

A treatise on Haidy and Tender bulbs and Tubers. 369 pages, moo.

cloth. Price, 82.50. Sent by mail post paid on receipt of prico.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Strwrt, Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

21

tja6

Warranted to Crow,

or order refilled gratiH. i !i..'. o snli vi^^etable and flower seed to over

a nilllion farmerM and fEurdencrs m the United States, perhaps some

are your neighbors, if so ask them whether they are reliable. Mr.

Thomas Henshall of Troy, Kansas, writes me : " For 86 years

1 have dealt with you. ] have lived in Iowa. Missouri, Colorado,

and Kansas, and no matter what the soil or climate, the result

was always the same, to wit :— rellElousIy honest and

good.** This is the kind of seed I raise and sell. Besides

dealins '" ^" ^^^ Rtiindard varleHei*. I rarefully test every year

huii>1reds of new ve_tretalil<^s and cat.tloguc the few that prove tn be

r-.illv desirable. The llubbiird and Marblehcad Squn«n. Mnrble-

hoad Corn, Marblehead Cabbaffc, 4»liio Potato. KclipHe Ket^t,

" v\hich I was the nrigmal producer, are SL.me of iliem. My Catalogue

. sent free to all.

j.AJ>li::s J. H. GREGORY, (Seed Grower), Marblehead. Mass.

Wayside Flo^w^ers

Being a compilation ol thirty-one of the beautiful plates from "Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States" and 128 pp. of text

Author of "The Native Flowers and Ferns of U. S. ;" Professor of Vegetable Physiology in Penna. State Board of
Agriculture ; Editor of The Gardener's Monthly ; Vice-President Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila.

This -work is appropriate for AN ELEGANT PRESENT. Splendid paper and typography ; Bound in fine clotti,
bevilled hoards, gilt edges. The balance of the edition for sale at retail only. Only a few more copies left.

Sent by mai postage free. Address,

CAPRICE S5.00^^

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

IIMIODS TO FROITS.

By Wm. Saunders, F. R. S. C.

Dedicated to the Fruit Growers of America. 8 vo., cloth,
pp. 436. Illustrated with 440 Wood Cuts. Price $3.00 by
mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Fruit Growers' Hand-Book,

By F. R. Elliott author of " Western Fruit Growers' Guide"
(one of the best posted men on the subject in the United States).
Contains the practice on all subjects connected with fruitgrowing.
The book is made for those who grow fruit for their own use Also
an Appendix, containing matter relating to the selection and culture
of Ornamental Trees, Roses, Plants, &c. Illustrated with 45 wood-
cuts, 130 pages, i6mo, cloth, ^i; p^per, 60 cts. Sent by mail
postpaid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

Paris & U\im ofPai

considered in rchtion to the want? of (.)THER CITIES, and of
PUBLIC and PRIVATE GROUNDS.

By WM. ROBINSON.

Splendidly and profusely illustrated, pp. 548. Octavo. Pric*
$7.50. Mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Wheat Culture;

How to Double the Yield and Increase the Profits.
By D S. CURTISS.

72 pages, illustrated. Price 50 cents, mailed, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT, 814 Ciiestnut St., Phila.

FOR THE NATURALIST AND ANGLER.

DR. JAMES A. HENSHALL'S

BOOK OF THE BLACK BASS.

Comprising its complete Scientitic and Ijife Histories, to-
gether with a Practical Treatise on .\ni;ling and Fly-fislimg,
and a full account of Tools, Tackle ami Implements.

Large 12ino. 4(50 pages. Fully Illustrated. Price, $3.00.
Sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of the price. Address,
CHAS, H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

The Botanist's Pocket Book.

2nd Edition, cloth limp, pp. 208. By W. B. Hayivard.
Containing the Botanical Name, Common Name, Soil and
Witxiatiiin, Growth and Time of Flowering of every Plant,
arranf^ed under its owu Order. Price $1.70. Mailed, postage
free.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise on the Propagation and Culture of the Camellia Ja-
ponica, by Robert J. Halliday. Illustrated with Five Colored
Plates and 50 Wood Engravings. 12mo, pp. 141, cloth. Price, $2.00,
Sent by mail post-paid, on receipt of prire. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

FARMING

WITH

ON PLUmCROVE FARIVi,

BV C. HARLAN. M.U,

269 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $1.00, mailed, post-paid, on receip
jf price. Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phil?.

London Gardener's Chronicle

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers in the U.S. for
S6.35 per year. Apply to

CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Oi I ni ± FOREIGN GRAPE YINEQ

\TA0|/ l-'IOriTO FOR GRAPERIES ^

0 1 U b Ia r I d 1 1 1 o -ce : j ?:: -; z :;:::: rzZ zi

FOR FLORISTS ONLY ^^^T^TZ

Washington Market from GO.OOO to 130.000 Bedding

riaots, annually, I have tested a great manj' varieties, and
throw out all poor ones. I offerjin my list only the Best Old
and Newer Kinds; especially to beginners in the business,
viz.:

175 ChrysaDthemums for SIO.OO

140 Ueraninuis, Zonale and Scented 8.00

60 FuchsiaB 3.00

40 Verbenas 3.00

24 Carnations 2.00

15 Begonias 1,00

6 Lantans, 6 Heliotropes, each ■ .35

5 Achlranthus, 5 Alternantheras* each .25

24 Coleus 1 .00

10 Mlficellaneous Plants 60

Or the whole collection ol 500 plants, all labeled, for 825.00.
For Descriptions, see my Wholesale Catalogue.

Nicholas Studer,

tsl2 FLORIST,

ANACOSTIA P. 0., WASHINGTON, D. C.

liyersal Interest TaMes

At 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 per cent, computed by
Gkorge William Jones

of Cornell University, and guaranteed correct. Pp. 120,
16 mo, cloth, limp. Price, 50 cents. Mailed post-paid.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Flowering Plants,

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF

And their allies, the Club Mosses, Pepperwortti and

Horsetails.

By ANNIE PRATT,
6 vols, octavo, cloth, gilt. 319 full colored plates. Illustra-
ting 1.S43 species figured with index in each vol. with botani-
cal and common name refei ring to plate, figure and paper.
Price S32.50 sent post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Farm Implements and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE,

with explanations of the laws of motion and orce as aj-plied on the
farm, with over 31X) illustrations by John J. Thomas; newand
revised edition, 312 p^ges, la mo, cloth, pnceji.so; mailed postage
free on rectipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MaROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila

Art of Propagation.

A Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and Every-
body, 32 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 25 cuts, price 60
vots. Mailed, postage free, on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MARUT. 814 Chestnut St.. phJU,

Frontignan Grizzly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg Wilmot's,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria,
Lady Down's SeedHog,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz.
Trentham Black,
White Nice.
White Syrean,
White Sweetwater,
\Vhite Tokay.

Bo\vood Muscat,
Muscat Hamburg,
Canon Hall Muscat,
Madresfield Court Muscat,
Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat,
Muscat of Alexandria,
Black Prince,
Black Alicante,
Black Barbarossa,
Black St. Peter's,
Buckland Sweetwater,
Calabrian Raisin,
Chasselas de Fontainebleau,
Chasselas White,
Chasselas Golden,
Duchess of Buccleuch,
Frontignan White,

Catalogue sent free on application.
We would also call special attention to our stock of
Camellias, Azaleas, Acacias, Roses and general collection
of winter-blooming ornamental foliage and bedding plants

DAVID FERGDSSON k SONS. Um\ Hill Nnrserles,

t.f.l2 Ridge and lehlgh Avenues. Philadelphia. P«

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

Bv Pbtbr Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

for the Amateur and Professional Florist. Illustrated. a88 pages,
izmo, cloth. Price, $1.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt ©t
price.

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.
814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

Giving Description, History, Cultiyatlon, Propagation, DI»-
eEues. &c.

Beautifully Illustrated.

276 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price Sl.50. Sent by mail, post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY.

By Robert Buist.
With practical directions for the Culture of Plants in Flower-
Garden, Hot-House, Green-House, Rooms, or Parlor Windows,
fur ever7 month of the year. Instructions for erecting Hot^
house, GreeL house, and laying out a Flower garden. Instruc-
tion for cultivating, propagating, pruning and training the
Grapj Tine and description of best sorts for the open air. 34
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price 81 50. Sent by mail post paid on receipt
of price. CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St. Phila.

CHOICF STOVE UNO GfiEEHeOOSE PLANTS,

By Benj. S. Williaius. F. K. H. S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
varieties. Instructions for their cultivation and mod*' of manage-
ment. Illustrated with colored frontispiece and numerous
ppU'ndid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., r2mo, cloth. Price
S5.00. Sent by mall post- paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. II. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St.. PhWC

INJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

By MARY TREAT.

Kiilly IlUistrateil. 'Ufa pages. 12nio, cloth.
Price, 82.00 by mail, iio.st paid. Address,

cilAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., Phlla.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

23

m

PEOPLE who never or rarely visit nurseries, and whose
only knowledge of trees and shrubs is derived from the
few common things usually offered by

TRAVELING SALESMEN,

have no idea of the beautiful variety to be had in first-class
nurseries. We have in our nurseries nearly a thousand
species or marked varieties to select from, and yet in hundreds
of miles only a few common maples or " shrub bushes " may
be seen in gardens.

OUR CATALOGUE

is a study for those who would enjoy beautiful things, and is
sent free to all applicants. To aid

COUNTRY NURSERYMEN

in introducing these numberless good things, we sell by the
10 or 100, often at less than half the price of a single specimen.

Viburnum pUcatum

Germantown near Philadelphia.

A MANUAL OF THE CONIFERyE.

BY JAMES VEITCH.

With Numerous Woodcut Plates and Letter Freas Illustrations. 340 pp., 8to., neatly bound in oloth.

Price S3.00, mailed, postage free.

CONTENTS.
Part I.— General Review of the Order. Structure of Couiferous Wood— Vegetation, Roots, Stem, Foliage —

Fructification, Flowers. Cones, Seeds — Secretions and Resinous products— Accidents and Diseases— Distribution —
Scientific Classification. &c.. Ac.

Part II.— Synopnis of Genera, Species and Varieties suitable for the clinaate of Great Britain. Including
a Tabular Arrangement of these with their Synonyms, Popular Names, Native Country, Height in Feet— Full descrip
tions of all the most important trees, with suiipleinentary notes on their habitat, history, use, culture, (to., &c.

Part III.— Tlie Plantin.; of Coniferie as a Branch of British Arboriculture and Horticulture. Select lists
of kinds suitable for the various purposes for which they are planted. The Pinetum, Park and Pleasure Ground —
Terrane and Geometric Garden, Winter Bedding, Avenues, Memorial iTees, Cemeteries. Coniferous Trees valuable for
Timber— Cultural Notes, &c., Ac.

This work has received the high enconiums of the English and French Horticultural papers, and the Gardeners'
Monthly, as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scientitir and indispensable to those having an intelligent interest
to Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete without it.

Address, CHAS. H. MAHOT, Agent for XT. S., 814 Chestnut St., Fhiladelphia.

PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

A

ugular Aperture of Micr(».sci)|>e Ubjectives, lilnckhara, cloth, illustrated 81. S5

Book tor Bef^inncrs with the Microscope, Phin, boards, fully Illustrated .30

Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes, Webb, fully Illustrated, cloth : 3.00

Cements and Glue, Phin, stiff covers ,25

Chemical History' of the Six Days of Creation, Phin, 12mo, cloth ,75

Common Objects for the Microscope, Wood, 400 Illustrations, 12 colored plates ,50

Diatoms, A. Mead Edwards, 12mo, cloth 76

Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements, Brown, Eleventh Edition 1.00

How to See with the Microscope, Smith, handsomely Illustrated 2.00

How to Use the Microscope, Phin, 8B Engravings, tinted paper, 12mo 1.00

Lectures in a Workshop, Pemberton, 12mo, cloth 1.00

Ughtning Rods, Construction and Erection, Phin, fully Illustrated, 12mo, cloth 50

Mechanical Draughting, Pemberton, Illustrated, cloth 1.00

Micnisoope and Its Revelations, Carpenter, pp. 882, cloth, 2G plates, 500 Engravings 5.50

Microscopical Examination of Drinking Water. McDonald, Svo, cloth, 24 plates 8.76

One Thousand Objects for the Microscope, Cooke, 12 plates, 500 figures, 12mo, boards 50

Ponds and Ditches, M. C. Cooke, 12mo, cloth 75

Section Cutting; To Prepare and Mount Sections for Microscope, Marsh, 12mo, cloth 75

Shooting on the Wing, by an Old Gamekeeper, 12mo, cloth 75

-Steel Square and Its Uses, Hodgson, cloth " ' ,75

Whiit To Do and How To Do It, in Case of Accident, 12mo, cloth '.'.'.'..'." .50

■Wood Engraving, Instruction in the Art, Fuller, fully Illustrated 30

MaUed, post free, on receipt of price. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

24

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FREE TO ALL.

tja2

OUR NEW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF

PLANTS, SEEDS BULBS, ROOTS, &C.. WILL BK
MAILED FREE TO ALL APPLICANTS WHOLESALE
PRICE LIST TO THE TRADE ONLY.

NANZ & NEUNER, Florists. Louisville, Ky.

Downing's Landscape Gardening and
Rural Architecture.

BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING, ESQ.

Adapted to North America, with a view to the improvemcDtin
country residences. Comprising historical notices of the art, di-
rections for laying out grounds and arranging plantations ; the de-
scription and cultivation of hardy trees, decorative accompaniments
of the house and ground3, the formation of artificial water, flower
gardens, etc.; with remarks on rural architecture. With two sup-
plements by H. Winlhrop Sargent. Handsomely illustrated, pp.
593. Royal 8vo. Price, J6. 50, by mail, postage free.

The above work is now out of print and when the few
remaining copies at present in stock are disposed of no more can
be had. Those who wish to secure a copy of this valuable work
while the chance is yet open, should speak at once. Address,
CHAS. H. MAKOT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PEAR CULTURE FOR PROFIT.

BY P. T. QUINN.

A practical Horticulturist, and author of "Money In the
Garden."

Containing practical method of raising Pears Intelligently
and with best results: character of soil, beat mode of preparing
it; best varieties to select uoder existing conditions; best mode
of planting, pruning, fertilizing, grafting, and utilizing the
ground before the trees come into bearing, and finally gathering
and packing for market Illustrated with practical cuts on
pruning and grafting, distance table and orchard record. 136
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, Si. Sent by mail, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

A Complete System of Book-Keeping for
Farmers, Planters^ and Gardeners.

BT A. L. CAMPPIELD.

Every one should keep a strictaccount of all business transactions,
and thereby save much trouble that comes of neglect. This is a
plain, practical system of book-keeping, easily understood, and
especially adapted to the wantsof the Farmer. Full instructions in
each book Can be carried in an ordinary pocket; i3o pages,
bound in sheep-skin. Price 75 cents. Mailed postage free on
cceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. .Phila.

Manual of Accidents and Emergencies,

Or how to avoid accidents and what to do when they occur,

with notes on the Preservation nf Health. Compiled for the
use of Teachers, Students, and the Industrial Classes,

By Geo. A. Groff, M. D.,

of the University of Lewisljurg, Pa. pp 92, 12 mo. boards,
price 50 cents ijy mail post-paid.

Address. CH \S. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Phila

TheCHEiSTRyoftlieFllRM

BY. R. WAKINGTON, F. C. S.

A most vahiable Work, wliioli should lie in the Hands of
Farmers, rJardeiicrs and Tillers of the soil generallj*. It
presents the relations of (Chemistry to Agriculture in amos.
popular manner. I2nio, cloth. Price, post-paid, 51.00.
Address, CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut Strest, Phila.

JUST PUBLISHED.

The Sportsman's Gazetteer,

BY CHARLES HALLOCK.

New, Revised and Enlarged Edition.

This well-known volume, comprising 1,000 pages, passed
through six editions, and became the recognized authority
in both continents on matters pertaining to Field Sports.
It has now been revised under the personal supervision q^
the author, who, since the appearance of the last edition,
has largely extended his knowledge of the subjects treatea
by three years' travel over new portions of the United
States and Canadas, which liave not hitherto been brought
to tlie immediate attention of sportsmen. This revised
edition contains entirely new matter in several depart-
ments, a newly engraved portrait of the author, new maps^
and many fine illustrations representing Game Birds, Game
Dogs. Game Fishes, etc.. etc. Price, post-paid, S3.00.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Simplifies tlie art of Reckoning, and is worth its weight ic
gold to every Farmer, Meclianicand Business man, especially
those notthoroughly versed in figures. Shows at a glance,.
the CORRECT answer to nearly 100,000 lousiness examples in
all kinds of grain. Stock, Hay, Coal, Cotton, Merchandise,
INTEREST, Wages, Measurements of Lumber, Logs, Cisterns,
Tanks, Granaries, Wagon Beds, Com Cribs, Cordwood, Hay,
Lauds, Carpenters', Plasterers', Bricklayers' work, etc. It
also TEACHES entirely new, easy and practical RULES
for RAPID imsiness calculations, whicli even a child can com-
prehend. It is neatly printed and bound, and is a ready
and LIGHTNING Calculator, Memorandum, perpetttai. Cal-
endar and Poclcet-book combined, all for tlie price of a com,-
mon diary in similar binding. 72 pages and 60 pages addition-
al of blank memorandum.

No. 1, Eng. Cloth, plain, with memorandum, 8 .5®-

No. 2, " with slate, pocket, flap and mem. .76

No. 3, Full Leather, " *' " 1. 00

No. 4, " Morocco, " *' " 1.25

No. 5, " Russia, " " " 1.50-

No. 6, " RussiaCalf," " " 2.00

Nos 3, 4, 5 and 6 have renewable diaries. Nos. 5 and 6
are gilded. Sent post paid, on receipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. M.\ROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMUEL B. PAK.SONS.

A treatise on the Propagation. Culture and History of the
Rose. lUu.strated. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price 81.50. Sent
by mail po.st-paid on roceipt of price. Address,

CHA.S. H. MAROT, ,S14 Chestnut St., Phila.

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henry T. Williams.
Devoted specially to the Culture of Flowers and Oroamcntat
Plants for In-door use and Parlor Decoration, Splendidly illus-
trated. 300 pages, med. 8vo, cloth. Price $1.60. .Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

S14 Chestnut St.. Pliil.i

BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

Sy Josiali Hoopes.

A practical treatise on the Conifene or Cone-bearinR plants^. .
Mundsomeljr illustrated. 4:15 pages, I2mo, clotli. Price S:'. oi>
Sent by mad post-paid on receipt of price.

Address

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Cht'Huut St., Pi.-.a.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

2?

^CUT FLOWERSj^

ROSE BCDS ; CARNATIONS, VIOLETS. BOUVAK-
DIAS, SMILAX, &c. Price on aiiplioation. VERBENAS,
30 choice named varieties, S3.00 per 100. AiUlress.

J. L. DILLON, Florist,

tm;12 BLOOMSBURC, PA.

APPLBTON'S

Aiericai Gyclopflia.

New Revised Edition 16 vols. Large Octavo Volumes, e?ch

volume containing over Soo pages, fuliy illustiated with several

thousand wood engravings, and with numerous colored Litho-
graphic Maps, the whole costing the piiblishc-5 a sum exceeding
$500,000, exclusion of Paper. Printing and Binding,
Prices and Styles of Binding:

Extra cloth, the 16 vols., for $ 80 00

Library leather, " " 9600

Half Turkey Morocco, 16 vols., for ii? 00

Half Russia, extra gilt, " " 1280©

FullRussia, " " 16000

Full Morocco, antique gilt edzes 160 00

A UNIVERSAL LIBRARY IN ITSELF.

Sent free of transportation and securely packed to any part of the
United States, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. M4R0r 814 Chestnut St.

Apple Seedlings

and ROOT CRAFTS

Largest Stock iu the United States. Prices on applica
tiou. Address,

BLOOMINGTON NURSERY COMPANY,

tja2 Bloomington, Illinois.^

'S

NE.^Ar EDITION

NOW IN STOCK.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
Tree Dealers, &c., for the United States. Alphabetically
arranged by States and Post Offices. 372 pages, 8 to. Price,
SIO.OO. Mailed post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BARRY'S

Wlemck's Strawberff Cultunst Udmit GARDEN

(OUT OF PKTXT. )

A few more copies left at 50 cents. Mailed, post paid on
receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

The Floral Kingdom

Its History. A Dictiouary of more than 300 Flowers, with
the Genera and Family to which they belong and the
Language of each. Illustrated by appropriate Gems of
Poetry and a particular Treatise on the Cultivation and
Analysis of Plants. 450 pages, on heavy tinted highly cal-
endered paper, and red line border with ornamental cor-
ners, splendidly bound, beveled boards, full gilt. A beauti-
ful present. i*rice, $6.50 by mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

NEW EDITION,

REVISED AND BROUGHT DOWN TO DATE BT

P. BARRY.

Illustrated, pp. 516, fine cloth,
age free. Address,

Price, $2.50, mailed, posS-

PRACTICAL LESSONS IN

Architectural Drawing ;

Or, HOW TO MAKE THE WORKING DRAWINGS AND WRITE

SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDINGS.

BY 'WTLLIAM B. TUTHHi,, A.M., Architect.

niustratert by 3.3 full page plates (one in colors) and 33
wood cuts, showing Methods of Construction and Representa-
tion, Scale Drawings. Sections and Details of Frame. Brick and
Stone Buildings, with full descriptions and specifications, show-
ing the various forms of writing the same for ditferent
kinds of bnildings. Oblong quarto cloth. Price, $2.50, by
mail, post free. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT. 8H Chestnut St. Phila.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BT PETER HENDERSON.

A g:iude to the Ajuateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Greenhouse, Conservatory and "Window-Garden.

Illustrated. 2.50 Pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $l.oO, Sent by
mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS, H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Fhlladelphln.

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Benjamin S. Williams, F.R.H.S.
Comprising descriptions of 950 choice species and varieties, IJrit-
ish and Exotic, with directions for their management in the Tropical,
Temperate and Hardy Fernery, with numerous beautiful full-page--
illustrations. 353 pages, T2mo, cloth. Price, J2.6O. Sent by maiS
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

R14 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia,

ALPINE FLOWERS for ENGLISH GARDENS

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.

An explanation of the principles on which the Exquisite Flora o4
.\lpine countrias may be grown to perfection in .ill Parts of the
British Islands, with numerous Illustrations, of Rock Gardens,
Natural and Artificial. 70 I!lustr.-.tions,44o paees.crown 8vo, cloth.

Price, «4. 50. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila

HOUSE PLANS FOR EVERYBODY,

FOR VILLAGE AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES, COSTING

FROM S250 TO S8,000.

By S. B. REED, ARCHITECT-

Including full descriptions, and estimate in detail of material, labor,
cost, with many practical suggestions, and 17.5 illustrations; 24S
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50 mailed, post-paid on receipt o£
Price, Address, „,

CHAS. H. MAROT. S14 Chestnut St., Phda.

26

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

PRICES CUT FLOWERS

Roses.

For January, 1885.

Cook?, Malmaison, La France, 81.2.5 per doz.;
"Menuets, Pierre Guillot, 81. oO per doz.; Perles,
Souv. d'un Ami, Niplietos, 75c. per doz.; Adam, Bonsilene,
Douglas and Mixed Roses, 60e. per doz.; $5.00 per 100; Perles
and Souv. d'un Ami, Sti '50 per UK).

lP*ii*n«i4inno ^Vllite, Red and Mixed Colors, Lone:

■UarnailOnS. stems, »1.25 per 100.

Mixed Colors, Short Stems. SI. 00 per 100.

Violets.— Ji'-oJ^^Tiob. I Smilax.— ?2.ooper do..

We make no charge for packinp, and our packages will go
1,000 miles by Express in good order.

I. C. WOOD & BRO.t FishkiU, N. Y.

Treats of the general man
ap:ementof window-gardens,
kinds of window-boxes and
stands best adapted to
plants, temperature re-
quired, uow and when to be
watered, soil and fertilizers
best adaptfd tn them. It
has directions for making'
propagating boxes, heating
cases and cold frames, and
gives M carefully-selected list
of only such plants for fur-
ni'-hin*? small conservatoiiea
as are i eooiuinended by long
experience, and which are
distinguished for masses of
flowers, fine letives, interest-
ing habits and easy cultiva-
tion. Its chaptT on hang-
ing baskets i-j full of helpful
aids, for their beauty de-
ponds in a great measure
upon the combination of
plants. It devotes another
chapter to the treatment of
dilTere"t varieties r>t the Ivy,
ways of training, etc.; thlsJB
followed bv c'im'iing-plantfi
suited to tiie parlor or win-
dow, and cre'pcr-i for bal-
cony-shields in summer.
Lovers of Ferns will appre-
ciate the portion d^'voted
to wardian cases and fern-
eries for those whose houses
are so situated as not to ad
mif sunohine enough to in-
sure constant boom in win-
dow-plants, can enjoy the
delicate beauty of a hand-
some fernery. 30O pages 25C
illuMtrations, cloth bound,
81.5U, post paid. Address

UHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO PAINT,

By a Practical Painter ; for the use of Tradesmen,
Mechanics, Merchants, Farmers, and as a Guide to Pro-
'fessional Painters. Methods in Plain and Fancy Painting
■of every description : Formulas for Mixing Paint in Oil or
Water, Tools, etc. This Book makes "eve/'j/ man his oum
painter.''''

Full Directions for Using White Lead, Lamp-Black,
Green, Yellow, Brown, Whiting, Glue, Pumice Stone,
Spirits of Turpentine, Oils, Varnishes, Furniture Varnish,
Milk Paint, Preparing Kalsomine, etc. Paint for Outbuild-
ings—Whitewash, Paste for Paper-Hanging, Hanging Paper,
Graining in Oak. Maple, Rosewood, Black Walnut, Staining,
Decaloomania, Making Rustic Pictures. Painting Flower-
Stands, Rosewood Polish, Varnishing Furniture, Waxing
Furniture, Clea ning Paint, Paint for Farming Tools,
Machinery, Household Fixtures, etc To Paint Farm
Wagon, Re-Varnish Carnage, make Plaster Casts. Sent
by mail, post paid, for 81,00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila., Pa.

ZSssay on Roses.

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

Paper, pp. 24. Illustrated. Price, 15 cents.

Mrs. Wellcome writes with enthusiasm, and from a
thorough knowledge, and a considerable experience. All
lovers of roses and all amateur horticulturists will find the
ilittle monograph intciesting and suggestive."— 5o5ton
Journal.

Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ForSale

100.000 —

VERBENAS

LAR&EHEALIHniOCi:

Fine Varieties. fS40.00 per 1000. 500 at 1000 Rates. A List
of 30 New Varieties for 188.5 now ready, S3 00 per set.
Also a set of 6 tiuest Varieties ever sent out, SSl.OO for the
six. By mail for cash only.

joxirr white:.

t Communipaw Ave., Jersey City, N. J,

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day Handbook for the Farm. Full
of Labor-saving devices and Home-made contrivances,
within the reach of all. Contains the best ideas gathered
from a score of practical men in all departments of Farm
Labor. 212 Illustrations, 240 pages. 12 mo, cloth. By mail,
post paid, for 81.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Being the experience of many practical writers. Bring-
ing together the devices that hundreds of housekeepers
have found useful in their own homes. The "Conveniences"
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
ing that they may lighten the labor and "save steps" to
many an over-worked housekeeper. 220 Blustrations, 240
pages, 12 mo, cloth. Sent by mail, post paid, for 81.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Ttie Orchids of lew England.

A Popular Monograph, By Henry Haltlwin.

Octavo, 157 pages, 02 Illustrations, fine English cloth. Price
$2.50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PbUa.

Together with Complete Plans and Specifications. Over
100 Enfrravings of Designs and Plans of Coitages and
Country Houses, costing from S200 to $.5,000. By S. B. REED,
Architect, Author of "House Plans for Everybody." Cloth.
12 mo, mailed, post-paid, for $1.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

FRUIT AND BREAD.

A Natural and Scientific Diet.

BY GUSTAV SCHLICKBVSEN,

Translatedfrom thcGermanby M. L. Holbrook, M. D. Intended
to show what is the natural food of man; to lead him to become a
living child of nature ; to simplify and beautify his manner of living;
to emancipate woman from the drudgery of tne kitchen; to lead to
increased use of fruit; to diminish the use of flej.h, and where
possible, to do away with its use altogether; to improve the health
and add to the enjoyments and value of life. Cloth, 250 pages ; 12
mo, illustrated. Price, jji. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

THE BLESSED BEES.

BY JOHN ALLEN.

A record of a year's work i n Bee-keeping by modern methods
lis profiiB certain and larKC, and Its oleasures invaluable. In-
tended to ditluse a more Kent'ral knowledge of Ree-culture.
169 pages, 12 mo. cloth, limp. Price. 81. Mailed postage free,
in receipt of price. Address, ('HAS, H. MAROT,

814 CbestDut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

27

96 pages. ]2mo. Clotli, Sl.OO. Paper, 60 cents.
Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address.
CH.\S. H. M.A-ROT. KM Clip^tiHit St.. Pliila.

HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowers in the Gafden and the House ; giving
6xTcc\.\or\s short, sharp and {ifcish>e\\o-w to overcome every insect
enemy that infects flowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors,
which troubles window Gardens ; which eats up the vegetables of
the garden ; which devours the fruit trees, shrubs and vines, and
lives in the homes of anxious, tired housekeepers. Paper. 100 pages.
Price, 30 cents, postage free.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Home crown mi<l iinpnrted. for forcing or the t;:ii\leu,
all tbe prize varioties. including,

"MERVEILLE DE LYON,"

By the 1000, 100 or 12. Descriptive price lists to applicants.
Address, j

'WILLIAM H. SPOOXER,

tjaS Jamaica Plain, Boston^, Mass.

A NEW BOOK I ww^-w^^w-^^^nrs. gM iq^

NOW READY. | X XT£rf fXV/Of^

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
istics, etc., o£ the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown. j

BY H. B. ELLW ANGER. j

Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of \
price, 81.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

The Supiar Seet.

Including a History of the Beet Root Sugar Industry of
Europe. Varieties of the Sugar Beet, Examination,
Soils, Tillage, Seeds and Sowing, Yield and Cost of
Cultivation, Harvesting, Transportation, Con-
servation, Feeding Qualities of the Beet
and of the Pulp, Etc., Etc , Etc.

BY LKWTS S. WARE, C.E., M.E.,

Fellow of L'Ecole des Arts, Afniculture et Manufactures,
Paris; member of American Chemical Society. In one
volume, octavo ; illustrated by 90 engravings. Price, *4.00
toy mail, postage free. Address,
CHAS. H, MAROT. "KW Chestnut St., Phila.

BEET ROOT SUGAR

AND CULTIVATION OF THE BEET.

BV K. B. GRANT.

Including the Sugar supply of the U. S., History of Beet Root
Sugar, Supply of Beets, Cultivation, Cost of Beet Root Sugar in
France, Production in various Countries, Advantages, Method of
Raising, Harvesting, Preservation of Beets, Seed, Manures, Ro-
tation of Crops, Beet Pulp, Leaves of Beets, Profits, etc. i6 mo.,
cloth, pp., 158 Price, 41.25. ^ent by mail post-paid on receipt of
pricr. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa

THE PEACH;

Its Ciiare ani Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ex-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

afifected by the •« lellown" and other

Diseases of the Tree.

i

WATERMAN'S "IDEAL"

FOUNTAIN PEN'

The flow of ink is regulated automatically by
the act of writing, and is as free as from a freshly
dipped pen and much more even. Records and
letters written with this pen have a uniform color
of ink on every page.

It is the simplest, cleanest, readiest and most
easily managed of all the fountain pens.

There are no air-valves or other machinery, and
consequently nothinjj to get out of order or to be
adjusted or regulated.

When the cap is removed it is ready to write,
and when the writing is done the cap can be 1:6-
placed and the pen is ready for the pocket.

It writes, according to the size of the holder,
from 10 to 2-5 hours continuou.'ilv, with one filling ;
and any desired kind, color or'quality of ink can
be used.

It uses gold or steel pens of the ordinary forms,
and your favorite pen can be fitted.

The pens in the holders are always wet with
ink, and steel pens are continually rusting or cor-
roding and soon spoil and need* to be renewed
whether they have been used or not ; and they
always cause more or less decomposition of the
ink. A gold pen never rusts nor does it corrode
the ink. It is always the same favorite pen every
day in the year.

The hard rubber being incorrodible, with a gold
pen there is nothing that can be injured by the
ink, and unless unnecessarily injured they will
last a lifetime. They can be filled and left for
months without being used, and when opened the
ink will flow as readily as if just filled.

We have holders for gold pens of numbers 3 to
8 inclusive, and for the common steel pen: also,
an assortment fitted with gold pens ready for use.
PRICES OF HOLDERS WITH GOLD PENS
No. 1— The *' Ladies' " size is the smallest, and is
\% inches long and 5-16 of an ineh in Aiameter.
It takes a No. S or 4 gold pen. Price, S3. 50.
No. 2— The "Gentlemen's" size is 5 inches long
aod % of an inch in diameter. It takes a No.
4 or 5 gold pen. It is the most popular and
convenient pocket size. Price, according to
pen, S3,50 or S4.(j0.
No. ■^— The "Medium" size is 4^$ inches long and
7-16 of an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 6
or 7 gold pen. Price, 3-5.00.
No. 4— The "Long" size is 6*4 inches long and
7-16 of an ineh in diameter. It takes a No. 6
or 7 gold pen. Price, S-i.oO.
No. 5— The "■ Large" size is 4J-$ inches long and }4
an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 7 or 8 gold
Price, %Q.m.
No."6 — The "Mammoth" size is 6^4 inches long and ^ an
inch in diameter. It takes a No. 7 or S gold pen. Price,
«6.5tl
Nos. 7, 8, 9 and in are long tapering "Desk" holders of
same sizes and prices as Nos. 1, 2, :i and 5 respectively.
PRICES OF HOLDERS WITHOUT PENS.

Nos. 1 and 7 $2 25

Nos. 2 and 8 2 50

Nos. Sand 9 2 75

Nos. 4 and 10 3 00

No. 5 3 25

No. 6 3 50

The length given is with the pen ready for the pocket:
with the cap on top of holder it is from 1 to 2 inches longer.
The prices given are for well-finished 14 carat gold pens
of the smallest size suited to the holder ; 16 carat gold pens,
or pens of the larger sizes, cost from 50 cents to 81.00 more.
The 16 carat pens are of extra finish as well as quality and
are weU worth the difference in price. The g'>ld-mounted
holders cost from 50 cents to SI. 00 more, according to style.
Rilk and Plush lined morocco-covered cases for No«. 1
and 2 are furnished for 5'i cents extra.

In ordering holder-* it is better to send a sample steel pen
or the gold pen tr) be fitted.

In ordering holders with gold pens complete and ready
for use, send a sample of writing and a description of the
quality of pen desired ; that is, whether the pen should be
a longer short nib, of coarse or fine point and of hard or
soft flexibility.

A certificate may be had with eaoh pen, which warrants

the gold pens and holders for five (5) years, and guarantees

both combined as a fountain pen, to give satisfaction on

thirty days' trial or the money will be returned. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

pen.

28

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

the: OFtCKID .A.X.BXT1VE.

A New Illustrated Monthly Work on Exotic Orchids. Conducted by Robert Warner and Benjamin S. Williams. Botanical
Descriptions by Thomas Moork, Curator of Chelsea Botanic Gardens.

The colored figures by John Nugent Fitch. Size of page royal quarto, enabling artist to produce ample and intelligible po^trail^
of the plants, which will be drawnand colored in the best style. The text will comprise English botanical descriptions of the plants,
notes on their cultivation , and such general observations concerning them as may prove of interest or utility to orchid-growers. The sub-
jects selected for illustration will comprise the most ornamental and attractive species and varieties, new and old, of this noble and beau-
tiful family. The publishers hope to present to their subscribers an annual album of floral pictures which will be at once welcomed to
the drawing-room and the library. Sold by subscription and issued in regular monthly parts, at $1.25 per part, or $15.00 for th&
twelve annual parts, mailed post free on receipt of price. Each part will contain in an elegant wrapper, four handsomely colored
plates with corresponding letter-press : and a volume of twelve parts will be completed annually. First part was issued July, i88i, and
an annual volume will be completed in June of each year following, until the subject is exhausted.

Orders as received by the undersigned will be entered and forwarded to the Pablisherln Tjondon. An interval of from four lo si*
weeks will ensue between reception of order by us and reception of initial nnmbers (per mail, direct from London,) by subscriber, — aficr-
wards regularly each month.

Advertisements of a suitable character will be admitted at following rates per single issue : Whole page, ^20,00; half-page, Jii .255
quarter-page. $5. 50 ; per inch, single column, $1.50. Terms cash with the order. Address for subscription or advertising.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Sole Agent for the United States, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

MANUAL of the APIARY,

By A. J. COOK,

Prof, of Entomology in the Michigan State Agricultural College

286 pp. large 12 mo.; 112 Illustrations.

It comprises a full deli neatiou of the anatomy and physiology
of the honey-bee, illustrated with costly wood engravings— the
Products of the Honey-Bee ; the Race% of Bees ; full description
of honey-producing plants, trees, shrubs, etc., splendidly illu-
trated— and last, though not least, detailed instructions for the
various manipulations necessary in the apiary.

This work is a masterly production, and one that no bee-
keeper, however limited his means, can afford (odo without. It
Is fully up with the times on every conceivable subject that in-
terests the apiarist. It is not only instructive, but intensely in-
teresting and thoroughly practical. Within 20 day after this
work was issued from the press, 600 copies were disposed of— %a
sale unprecedented In Bee Literature. Price, $1,25. Mailed
post-paid, on receipt of price

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phfla

Success with Small Fruits.

BY E. p. ROE,

Profusely and sumptuously illustrated in the highest style of art j
Fine heavy paper and splendid typography. Royal 8vo, pp. 313,
cloth. Price, J5.00, mailed, postage paid, on receipt of price. |

Address, CHAS. H, MAROT,

^_^_^_^__ f*14 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia. Pa 1

AMERICAN GRAPE~GRO WING

"Wine:

AND

JVLA.JX.1.NG.

By Gborge HuSMArJN, Professor of Horticulture in University of j
Missouri,with contributions from well-known Grape Growers, giving

A \yiDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE.

Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pp, cloth; price, $1-50. M'-iled post-piiH
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS K. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

AMERICAN GARDENER'S ASSISTANT.

By Thomas BriJgeman.

Containing complele practical directions for the cultivation of
Vegetables, Flowers, Fruit Trees and Grapevines. Illustrated.
.'.» pages, 12rao, cloth. Price 82.50. Sent by mail post-paid on
receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MABOT,

814 Chehtnut St., Phila.

HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa Gray. M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structural Botany, with a Popular
Flora, or an arrangcmr^nt and description of Comracn Plants,
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Subtropical Garden;

Or, Beauty of Forro in the Flower Garden-

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.

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THE~WILD^GARDEN ;

Or, Our GroveB and Shrubberies madeUeantifulhy the
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HOW TO LAY OUT A GARDEN.

By KilwoiHl Kemp,

A general g\iide in Choosing, Forming and Improving an Es-
tate (i'rom a quarter-acre to u hundred acres in extent), v.ith
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AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE"

AND CONSERVATORY,

By Shirley Hibberd.
A handy ^uide to the construction and management of plant
housee and the selection, cultivation and improvement of orna-
mental greenhouse and conservatory plants. Illustrated m ith.
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages, cloth, ll'mo.
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•^TEACHING^

AND SELF-TEACHING BY

NATURAL METHODS.

eta.

The New Botany, bv Prof. Beal. p.iper, Price 25

Industrial Education in the Public Schools, by Prof.

Straight, paper 15

How to Use Wood- Working Tools, by Geo. Leonard

Chaney, cloth 50

GUIDES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING.
Published under the Auspices of Boston Society of

Natural History.
2^0. I— About Pebbles, by Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, paper 15
" H— Concerning a Few Common Plants, by Prof.

Goodale, paper 25

" III— Commercial and other Sponges, by Prof. A.

Hyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

" IV— First Lesson in Natural History, by Mrs. Eliza-
beth Agassiz, Illustrated, paper 35

" V— Common Hydroids, Corals and Ei>hinoderms, by

Prof. A. Hyatt, Idustrated, paper 30

*• VI — Mollusca; Oyster, Clam and other Common

Mollusks, by Prof. A. Hvatt, paper. 111 35

■" Vn— Worms and Crustacea, by t'rof. A. Hyatt, nius-

trated, paper 35

" XII— Common Minerals and Rocks, by Prof. W. O.

Crosby, paper 35

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POCKET MAGNIFIERS.

A NEW BOOK.

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THEIR FEED

THEIR FEET.

A manual of Horse Hygiene, invaluable for
the veteran or the novice, pointing out the
causes of "malaria," "glanders," "pink eye,"
"distemper," etc., and how to prevent and
tounteract them, by C. E. Page, M.D., with a
treatise and notes on shoeing by Sir George
Cox and Col. M. C. Weld. 150 pages i2mo,
paper, 50 cents, extra cloth, 75 cents.
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CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phfla.

THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES,

BT B.J.KENDALL, M.D.

With the real essential information relative to each disease. WiU
save many times its cost. Gives cause, symptoms and best treat-
mcnt of diseases. Table with the doses, effects and antidotes of
principal medicines used, and a few pages on action and uses of
medicines. Rules for telling age of Horse and fine engraving show-
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able recipes. Printed on fine paper 7^x5 inches; nearly 100 pages,
35 engravings. Price, 25 cents. Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt
ofprice. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 ChestnutStreet. Phila.

lortUinericaflSjlva

5 vols., 156 colored plates, in 30 parts:

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GRAPE CULTURALIST.

By Andrew S. Fuller.
„„:^ treatise on the Cidtivation of the Native Grape. Illustrated.
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receipt of price.

Addiesa CHAS. H. MAROT,

«14 Chestnut St., Phila.

30

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THE HORITCULTURAL ADVERTISER.

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Advertisements under this head must be paid for in advance, witn
the order, at rate ot $i.oo for each 36 words per insertion.

AS florist and gardener (by Jan or Feb, 1st). Private or
commercial ; experienced in all branches, especially pro-
fagation. References exchanged. Those wanting a reliable
st-class workman may address. Box 1149, Plainfield, N. J*
BY thorough, practical, competent man ; disengaged Feb.
1st : will take rbar^c ol ^^ciitleiiiairs jilace. IS years' ex-
perience in flowers. Iruit, ctr. I'^nf^iish.:ige ;iO, inarrieii. Best
ref. \V.B.,care K. Becker, C'anibrulge St., Cambridge, Mass.

AS Gardener (by Feb. 1st) by a young man. Thoroughly
understands management of greenhouse. lawn, flower,
kitchen garden. 6 years in present place. References, pres-
ent employer and others. A.C.,Box (j5(i,Canandaigaa, N.Y.
BY younf!; man of 28 ; Ist-class in fruit tree nursery : 14 yrs,
experience, Sweden, Germany, France, England. Also
by man of 23, Ist-class in greenhouses. References. State
wages. Frank MoUer, 104 Seminary Ave., Chicago, Ills. ja2

AND THE GAME
WATER BIRDS

Of the Atlantic Coast and the Lakes of the United States.
By Robert Barnwell Roosevelt. With a full account of
the sporting along our seashores and inland waters and
remarks on breech loaders and hammerless guns. Illus-
trated and with a portrait of the author. Cloth, 12 mo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of S2.00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

G^COLORADO^^)

AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.

Its Farms, Fields and Garden Lands.

BY WM. E. PABOR.

IHustrated, 213 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
$1.50, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

KEEPING ONE COW.

Being the experience of a number of practical writers, in a clear
and condensed form, upon the

Management of a Single Milch Cow.

Illustrated, 132 pages, cloth. Price, $1.00, mailed, post-paid, on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

AND OUT BUILDINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designs to suit every taste andpocket.
257 illustrations, 235 pages, 12 mo. cloth, price, $1.50. Mailed,
post paid onreceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H, MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.

Wanted

A Situation as Foreman or
Manager nf a Commercial

Florist's Place;23years' ex-
ii'-rnnre in large places.
Had charge of 30,U00square
feet of glass, to grow for
one of the largest stores in the rountrv for the last 2 vears.
cl2 Address, TH. BOCK. Box 393, Hamilton, Ohio.

Situation as Gardener or Florist. Good
practical experience in all branches; unex-
ceptionable leferences; 17 years in U. S ; 14
yeary in two places. Tlie past year in a
Seedsman and Florists' store. Good maker up ; has fair
knowledge of Seeds. Good CJrchid grower, and has grown
Ericas snccesfullv in this c^untrv. Adflress,

W. H. 546 Jefferson St., Milwaukee. Wis.

For Sale. flwisVs Establiskent

of 4 Greenhouses (three
63x10, one 63x20), heated with Hitchings' Boiler. All in
first-class order, having a good local and well-established
mail and express trade. Houses now well stocked, and
bringing returns every day. To close an estate will be sold
at a bargain. The houseSj with two lots which they occupy^
52,500. More land adjoining can be bought in quantity to
suit. Terms very easy.
Address, P. O. Box, 2G0, Rochester, N. Y.

A paying greenhouse business. Best Loca-

tiou in the West. Address,

W. S. SAWYER & CO.,

stf liincoln. Neb.

poE m

kMMEUR'S ROSE BOOK.

By Shirley Hibbkbd.

Comprising the cultivation of the Rose in the open ground
and under glass; the formation of the Kosarium ; the charac-
ters of Wild and Garden Roses; the preparation oftheflower»
for exhibition ; the raising of new varieties; and the work of
the Rose Garden in every season oi the year. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages cloth, 12mo.
Price $3.00. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.

Addreas, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 ChestnutSt., Phila

GARDENING BY MYSELF.

By Anna Warner.
Containing Hints and Experiences under heading of each
month in the year. Illustrated. 16mo. 223 pages, cloth. Price
$1.25. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St,, PhOa.

Mannal of Botany of tlie NortlierE United States.

By Asa Gray.
Including the district east ot the Mississippi and north of Carolina
anJ Tennessee. Arrauccd according to the Natural System. Illus-
trated with 2f> pia*-= ui Sedges, Grasses, Ferns, &c. 703 pages,
Svo, half- arabesque cloth sides. Price, ^2.25. Sent by mail post-
paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

32

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Index to Advertisements.

bend orders early as possible. Changes of copy must be in
'by 16th. }^ew orders received after 2*2(1 of month cannot be in-
jured insertion in next issue. Fly-lea/ eojyy {new or chanc/es)
«iust be in by 16th. For Advertising Rates see 2d cover page.

Allen C. E., Brattleboro, Vt 11

Allen W. H., New York ti

Avery F. S., Williamsburg, N. Y U

Barnes O. M., Lansing, Mich 14

Bell W. T., Franlilin, Pa 32

Benz Albert, Uouglaston, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Blanc A., Philadelphia 17

Bloomington Nursery Co., Bloomington, Ills 35

Bochman E. H., Pittsburgh, Pa 4th cover page

Bock Th., Hamilton, O .31

Boehuaer Louis, Yokohama, Japan 11

Brackenridge, A., Govanstown, Md 15

Business Directory 11

Carmody J. D.. Evansville, Ind 12

■Coles Walter, Claymont, Del 13

Collins J. S., Moorestown,N. J .32

Cowen N. & Son, New York 32

■Crosscup & West Eng. Co., Philadelphia 6

Dillon J . L., Bloomsburg, Pa 25

Dingee & Conard (."o.. West Grove, Pa 4

Dreer Henry A., Philadelphia 18

Elliott Ben j. A., Pittsburgh. Pa 8

Ellis C. R., New York 32

Engle & Bro., Marietta, Pa 19

Erilmann J. C, Armstadt, Germany 13

Evans Chas. F., Philadelphia, Pa 13

■Everett T. B.<t Co., Boston, Mass 11

Exeter Machine Works, Boston, Mass 4th cover page

Fergusson David & Sons. Philadelphia .22

Ferry D. M. & Co., Detroit, Mich 14

Floral World, Highhand Park, 111 13

■Gregory James J. H., Marblehead, Mass 21

Hale Brothers, South Glastonbury, Conn 11

Hallock V. H., Son & Thorpe, Queens, N. Y 6

Henderson Peter & Co., New York 3

Hitchings & Co., New York 5

Jenkins J., Winona, Ohio 11

Josselyn Geo. S., Fredonia, N. Y 11

Knabe William & Co., New York 4th cover page

Knauth, Nachod & Ktlhne. New York 15

■Laudreth D. & Sons, Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

McAllister F. E., New York ,32

Meehan Thomas, Germautown, Phila 6,23

Mensing & Stecher, Rochester, K. Y 2(1

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass 11

Nanz &Neuner, Louisville, Ky 24

Niagara White Grape Co., Lockport, N. Y U

Faillet L.. Paris, France lli

Parsons & Sons Co. Fl nshing, N. Y 4th cover page

Perlich Hermann, Baltimore, Md 17

RaouxC, New York 8

Rdlker August & Sons, New York 3, 8

Sawyer W. S. & Co., Lincoln, Neb 31

«chulthei3 Bros., New York 14

Seal Thomas F., Unionville, Chester Co., Pa 6

Shore James, German town, Phila 11

Smith David, Boston, Mass 7

Smith Wm. H., Philadelphia 13

Spooner William H., Boston, Mass 27

Stewart Win. J., Philadelphia and Boston 11

Stillwell Chas. R., Gravesend, L. I., N. Y 11

Storrs & Harrison Co., Painesville, O 12

Btralton A .Storm, New York 14

Studer Nicholas, Washington, D. C 22

Swain R. A., Philadelphia 9

Thorbum J. M. & Co., New Y'ork Fly-leaf page 1

Transon P. <t E., Orleans, France 15

True A Co., Augusta, Maine 13

Van Geert A., Ghent, Belgium 20

Vanhorne, Griffen A Co., New Y'ork 3d cover page

Vaughan J. C, Chicago, III Fly-leaf page 2

Vick James, Rochester, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Waterer H., Philadelphia 18

Weathered Thonuas W., New Y^ork 10

Welch Bros., Boston. Mass 11

White John, Jersey City, N. J 28

Wood I. C. A Bro.,'Fislikill, N. Y 28

York Nur.scry Co., Fort Scott, Kan Fly-leaf page 2

Y'oung Thomas, Jr., New York 11

For Situations Wanted, see pa^e 31

ALTERNANTHERAS.

lio?>i ri'<i, Paryclioides Splendens; alwavs in cdlnr. Ilcst
yellow. Aurea Nana. I 'wart. ^ilvt^r-Icavc*! (_iciaiiiuin, Madame
iSalleroL vit^onm.s and bu.shv; for baskets. vas«s, ami etlpiiiK.
Price of above. $6 per UK). Small Callas, $1.50 per 100;
$10 per 1000. Fine healthy Verbenas.

W. T. B£XL, Frauklin, Pai

F. E. McAllister,

SEED MERCHANT,

29 and 31 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK.

Offers for Florists' use the following seeds :

Balsam, White Perfection, per oz $1 00

Candytuft, Pure White, per oz 15

Centaurea candidis.sima, per 1000 seeds 1 00

" gymiiocarpa, j)er oz 1 50

Cineraria candidissima, per oz 2 00

Bell is perennis. White or Red, per oi 5 00

Pansy. Giant Trirandeau, per packet 25

Petunia, Blotched and Striped, per oz 1 00

Phlox Drummondi nana compacta, .5 sorts, per 500 seeds 50

" *' Krandiflr>ra. mixed, per oz 100

Pyrethrura, Golden Feather, per oz 1 00

Salvia splendens, per oz 2 00

Smilax, per oz 2 00

Vinca, 3 sorts, each, per oz 75

Verbena, American, white or Scarlet, per oz 2 50

BASE
URNING
OILERS,

FOR HEATING
DWELLINGS,
GREENHOUSES,

WATER TANKS, &.C.

mhl2

C. B. ELLIS. 182 Centre SI, Hew M,

1,999,999

Strawberries, Raspberries,

Currants, Grapes,

including the Older tested and New Varieties,
MAY KING, MARLBORO, EARLY CLUSTER. FAY, NIAGARA.
Peach and other Fruit Trees.

COMET, KIEFFER, LE CONTE,
&c., &c.

SEND FOR CATALOGOE.

JOHN I COLLINS,

MOOBESTOWN, N. J.

HAND-BOOK

PRACTICAL "landscape

GARDENING.

BY F. R. ELLIOTT.

Designed for City and Suburban Residences, and Country School-
Houses; containing designs for lots and grounds, from a lot 30 by
100, to a forty-acre plct. Each plan is drawn to scale, with schedule
to each, showing where each tree, shrub, &c., should be planted
condensed instructions for forming and caring for lawns ; building ot
roads; turfing, protection, pruning and care of trees ; making
cuttings, evergreens, hedges, screeKS, &c. Condensed descriptions
of all the leading trees and shrubs ; soil and position in which thej
should be grown. Illustrations of ground plans, elevations, trees,
shrubs, winter gardening, &c. 96 pp.,8vo, cloth. Price $1.50.
Sent by mail on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H.MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

^BEFORS BUYING GLASS.-- ESTIMATES

H*>IHOAM3N *'^S ^VMVO z,0S2

t 'saaa-iOH 'ssshoh-jloh 'saraa^vHS «
E 'saiHOiVA^asHOD 'sasnoHiiaaao 2

H

(S

For GREENHOUSES, GRAPERIES, CONSERVATORIES,
HOT HOUSES AND HOT BEDS.

VANHORNE, GRIFFEN & CO.,

IMPORTERS OF FRENCH WINDOW GLASS, ALSO AMERICAN WINDOW GLASS, u.n
131. 133. 135 & 137 Franklin St., New York City.

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS.

By a. S. Packaiid, Jr., JI.D.
Also a Treatise on those iN.initiocs and Hexf.ftciai. to
Croi^s. For the use of Collej^es, Farms, Schools anil Api'i-
cnlturists. Illustrated with 11 plates, and G.tO wood-cuts.
702 pages, 8vo, cloth. Price, $B,OU. Sent by mail post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street. Pliila.

DRAINAGE FOR HEALTH,

OR

Easy Lessons in Sanitary Science.

By JOSLPH WILSON . M.D.. IWedical Director U. S. N.
pages, octavo. Copiously illu<3trated. Price $i.oo, mailed,
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H MAROT. 8m Chestnut St., Phila.

CRANBERRY CULTURE.

BY JOSEPH J. WHITE

Embodyinp; in plain and concise manner all the useful and
practical facts whicli study and experience liave xielded to
the inquiring Cranberry grower of tlie present time. I'M
pages, 12 mo, clotli. tlliistrated. Price, post-paid fil.25.
Address. CHAS. H. MAltOT. 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

A MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BY ISAAC F. TILLINGHAST,

Containing the experiences ot the author in starting all those
kinds of vegetab es which are most difficult for a novice to produce
from seed ; with the best methods known (or combating and repell-
ing noxious insects and preventing the diseases to which garden
vegetables are subject. 102 pages, i6mo, cloth, price, ;$i.oo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

FERNS OF KENTUCKY,

BY JOHN WILLIAMSON.

With 60 full page etchings, and 6 wood cuts drawn by the
Author. Illustrating Structure, Fertilization, Classification, Genera
and Species. 154 pp., cloth. Price, $2.00. Mailed postpaid OD
receipt of price,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

HOW TO READ

AND HINTS IN CHOOSING THE BEST BOOKS.

Witha cl.issified list of work of B'ognphy, History, Criticism,
Fine Arts, Fiction, Poetry, Religion, Science, Language, etc. By
Amelie V Petit. Pp. 220. i2mo, cloth. Price, $x.oo. By mail,
postpaid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

WORKING MAN'S WAY TO WEALTH.

By Edmund Wrigley,

A prictical treatise on Building Asscciations , ivkat they are, and
keywto use them. 108 pages, i6mo, cloth. Price, j^ cents. Sent
by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

S14 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

By Chas. Darwin.

With cooious descriptive contents and Index. Illustrated-
462 pages, i'2mo, clolh. Price $7.00.
Sent by mad post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND HORTICULTURIST

->-For 1884-5-^-

'^ll'R^'PRl'RrH^ are reqnested to send at least one NEW n.tme with their owTi, If possible.
(O U P >> la n I ,P en O Kor this attention, we will furnisli TUE TWO at S3.00 for the year.

TWO NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS at S3.00. FIVE at S7.00.

Remit by Money Ordkr or rtEniSTEHEn I.ettki! : or if von send Praft or CiiF-rK. make pay.nlile on !Mit>T)T,b
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All subscribeis. at whatever rate, are invited to take advantage of our list of CLDB PAFEUS. See advertisement.

CAMPI C PnPICC f*'' Extra (?opies of anv issue of the OARnEyEiis' MnxTiir.Y should be ordered as e.arly
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required for regular subscription list. Price, 18 eeuts eacii, or Five for GO cents, Ousli witli the Order.

If larger quantities are wanted of any coining issue, order should be in hand by IGtli of previous month, so that we
can provide and insure the supply. After issue a few single copies can be had if ordered quickly during the month
When editions are exhausted, the series is broken, as we do not reprint.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadephila.

EXETER

VENTILATING

Best and Cheapest in the
Market.

Adapted for all Styles of
Houses.

Illustrated Catalogue
upon application.

Greenhouse Meating

BY SI E AM, BY HOI WAIER, BY COMBINATION STEAM AND WATER.

e:x:e:x£:r ivEJiLCJEiirrs ta/^orks,

19 FEDERAL ST., BOSTON, MASS. tfi2 WORKS-EXETER, N. H.

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Architects'and Builders' Pocket Companion

AND PRICE BOOK,

By FRANK W. VODGES, Architect.

Consisting of a short but comprehensive epitome of Decimals, Duo-
decimals, Geometry and Mensuration, with tables of U. S. Mea-
stires, strengths, etc., of iron, wood, stone and various other ma-
terials, quantities of materials in given sizes and dimensions of
Wood, brick and stone, and a full and complete bill of prices /or
Carptnter work. Also, rules for computing and valuing brick and
bricK-work, stone-work, painting, plastering, &c., 284 pages, i6mo,
doth $1.50. Tuck, f 2.00. Sent by mail postage free, on receipt of
price. Address,

CH AS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Designed to afford Information concerninpr the Planting
and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit : and giving
Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and Conditions
of the United States.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, PH.D.,

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agricnltnre,
Washington, D. C.
Large 12mo, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, $2.00. Will
be sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut St., Fhlla.

QiREEMHOUSES HEATEp

mhia

BT LOW PRESSURE STEAM.

SATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE OF APPARATUS GUARANTEED. ADDRESS,

E. H. BOCHMAN,

Box 373, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Kissena Nurseries.

Trees and Plants.

Parsons & Sons Co.,

LIMITED.

Flushing, N. Y.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPKOVEMBNT,

BY WM. ROBINSON.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price,7ocena.
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Clientnnt St., Phlla.

PIANOFORTES.

U^EQUALL^,D IN

TonCjTouclijfoMansliiii anfl DnraMlity.

WIIililAM KNAHE & CO.

Nos. 204 and 206 West Baltimore Street,
d3 Baltimore. No. II3 Fifth Avenue, N. Y.

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Vol. XXVll. No. 314.

(Combined Magazines, ?"ortieth Year.)

FEBRUARY, 1885.

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

7P-

1^

liiJOlSmMv

^c^^>

kTM

Rp

Wk

THE GARDENERS' liHONTHLY

It Is published on the first of every month at the office, No. 814 CHESTNUT STREET
PHILADELPHIA, where all BUSINESS relating to subscription or advertising should be addressed.'

t^^ Communications, Copy and Packages for the Editor should be addressed to THOMAS
MEEHAN, GEBMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, POSTAGE PAID, $2.00.

ADVERTISING RATES IN THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY:

i4 coL % coL '4 col. % coL X col. 1 col. 1 page,

or or or or or or or

12 lines. 16 lines. 24 lines. 32 lines. 48 lines. 96 lines. 192 lines.

One Insertion S3.00 S4.00 SS.60 S7.00 SIO.OO Slg.OO SSS.OO

Two times, each 8.90 3.00 5.00 6.80 9.00 L7.00 33.00

Three •• " 8.80 3.75 4.75 6.65 8.50 15.50 Sn.OO

Four •■ " 2.70 3.60 4.50 6.30 «.10 14.40 37.00

five " " 2.55 3.40 4.85 5.95 7.66 13.60 85.50

Six " " 8.35 3.15 3.03 5.50 J.05 18.45 23. 5U

Seven '< " 2.80 8.96 3.65 5.15 6.60 11.75 88.00

Eight " " 8.06 8.75 3.46 4.80 6.15 10.95 20.5O

Nine " " 1.90 2.45 3.80 4.45 5.70 10.15 18.86

Ten " " 1.75 2.30 2.85 4.05 5.26 9.30 17.45

Eleven " " 1.60 2.15 2.66 3.76 4.80 8.56 16.15

Twelve " " 1.60 8.00 2.50 3.60 4.50 8.00 15.«0p

Twelve lines nonpareil is % col. A less space than % col. will he furnlslieii at same rate per line as U col.

For space on FLY-LEAF and COVER PAGES, also FIRST PAUE advertisements facing last reading paee, 20 per

cent, advance on above rates will be charged. o «• o • i-

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia

CONTENTS OF THE

SEASONABLE HINTS :

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground 3.S

Greenhouse and House Gardening 38

Fruitand Vegetable Gardening ir>

OOMMUN1CATION8 :

Lophospermum Scandens 31

Planting Large Trees 35

Cultivation o( tlie Cyclamen 3!)

A Remedy fov Rose Mildew in Greenhouses 39

Cyclamen Flowers 40

Kalamazoo Celery 4tJ

Is the English Gooseberry Worth Growing ? 48

Interesting Vegetable Forms 51

Bits of Reminiscences 5R

Massacluisetts Horticultural Society in November 63

Hints to Exhibitors 6t

EDITORIAL NOTES:

Painting Hot-water Pipes with GasTar— ACiiicago
Orchid Grower — Panax Victori:i}— The Chrysan-
themum Disease— On the Cultivation of Chrys.an-
themums— Hot-water Pipes— Cultivating the Dove

Orchid 40-13

Columbia Grape — Eugenia Grape- Planting Peas

— Potato Sets — Lima Beans without Poles 49

Wild ('horry Timber— A National Forestry Law-
Protection Against Fo!-cst I'^ires- Large nef:idu-
ous Cypress— Rapidity of Forest Fires— Wiuste

Land in Kngland .'iO-^'51

Medinilla Curtisii hii-5.')

Making Known the Gaui>rnrks' MoNTiifiV — The
Landscape Gardener of Fairinouut Park— Gooil
for Insects— Col. M. P. Wilder— Charles Downing
—Charles Darwin— Rev. James Hprunt— The Agri-

FEBRUARY NUMBER.

cultural Grasses of the United States— The Peo-
ple's Farm and Stocli Cyclopedia— Floral Maga-
zines 57-60'

A Grand Chrysanthemum Show— Mass. Horticul-
tural Society 61

SCRAPS AND QUERIES:

Worms in a Rose-bed- Myosotis Eliza Ganrobert

—Japan 1 rises— Propagating Roses 37-38

Oxalis hitea plena— Disease in Carnations — Des-
troying Plant Lice— Gas Tar on Hot-water Pipes-
Watering Plants with Warm Water— Mildew 43-45

Big Fruits — Fiiinigators for Hot-beds— Growing

the Koreign Grape 49-50

Sudden Developments in Species— Curious Fact
About the Variegation of Foliage— Change in the
Color <tf Flower of Victoria regia— Injurious In-
sects—The Relation of Color to Flavor m Fruits
anrl Vegetables— The Tuberous Vines of Cochin

China r^S

Lands(!ape Gardening Work — Profits of Plant and
Seed Collecting -Diseases of Plants— Mr. A. N.
Curtis— Hook on Cultivated.Plants— Ladies' Traces
or Ladies' Tresses 61-63

FLDWKR GARDKN A PI, KAStrilK GROUND. .. 33-38

(JUKK.V HOUSE AND 1H)USE GARDENING 38^5

KltlllT AND VF,(H-:TAI!LE GARDENING.. 45-50

FORESTRY SO-.'il

N.XTHK.M, HISTORY AND SCIENCE 51-55

LITERATURE, TRAVELS A PF.RSONAL NOTES.. 56-63:
HORTICULTURAL SOCIEl'IES 63-«4.

Fly-leaf.]

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

15 John Street, New M,

THE OLD ESTABLISHED

SEED HOUSE

of

NEW YORK.

GROWERS and IMPORTERS of

Seeds:^Bulbs.

List for the TRADE ready in January.

SECOND-HAND BOOKS

BY MAIL ON RECEIPT OF PRICE.

SPEAK QUICKLY IF YOU WANT THEM.

Say in your order, " Second-Hand List."

Allen^s Domestic Animals 8 75

'* Rural Architecture 100

Beet Root Sugar, Grant 1 00

Bicknell's ViUage Builder* Supplement, Fol. (plates) 6 50

Bommer's Method of Making Manures 20

Brackett's Farm Talk 50

Breck's New Book of Flowers 1 45

Bridgeman's American Kitchea Gardener 50

Butler's Family Aquarium 50

Coles American Veterinarian 50

Coiiltas' Principles of Botany 50

Downing's Cotrage Residences 1 25

" Landscape Gardening and Rural Archit. . 4 50

" Rural Essays 2 85

Emmon's Agriculture "of N. Y., 3 vols. 4to, plates, &o. 15 00

Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Gardener's Companion. . i 00

Fulton on Peach Culture IK

Grape Culture and the Strawberry, Buchanan 75

Green and Congdon's Botany, Q,uarto. Illustrated 1 50

Guide to the Orchard, Flny 1 00

Half-hours in the Green Lanes, Taylor, Illustrated. ... 1 75

Harris on Injurious Insects, colored plates 5 50

Hayne's American Farrier 2.5

Hey's Mrs., Sylvan Musings, 23 col. plates, full calf 5 00

Hoffey's .N. A. Pomologist (Dr. Brinkle) 36 col. plates,

Quarto 3 00

Hooper's Western Fruit Book 1 00

^ '^ •' " " 50

Klippart's Land Drainage 1 25

Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants & Fl'rs, col. plates, full calf. 6 00

Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants A Flowers, col. plates, cloth. 4 50

Liebeg's Turners' Chemistry, 1394 pp., 8vo 3 50

Lymau's Cotton Culture 1 10

RlacDonald's Food from the Far West 2 00

Merrick's Strawberry Culturist $ 50

Mcintosh's Orchard, with colored plates 3 OO

Minot's Land and Game Birds of IS'ew England, IU'd. . 2 50

New American Gardener 75

Paxton's Hort. Register, 2 vols, in one (18;<1-1833) 1 00

Philadelphia Business Directory, 1879, Boyd 25

Prince on the Vine 75

Prince's Pomological Manual 75

Raddatz's Management of the Dairy 10

Randall's Sheep Husbandry 1 25

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden, cloth 2 25

" " " K tky, gilt edges 2 50

Riddell's Architect, folio, Uyiit.n)4 (col. plates) 10 00

Stewart's Stable Book 1 25

Studies, by J. A. Dorgan 75

Talpa. or Chronicles of a Clay Farm 75

Taylor's Bee Keepers Manuel, Illustrated 1 50

The Plant, a Biography, 5 col. plates and 13 wood eng's 2 50

Thompson's, The Food of Animals 75

Thomas' Fruit Culturist 1 75

Todd's How to Make I'arming Pay 2 00

Tull's Horse-hoeing Husbandry 1 00

Turner's Cotton Planters Manual 1 xo

Walton & Cotton's Complete -\ngler 1 go

Waring's Elements of Agriculture 75

Wendell's American Poultry Guide jo

William's Window Gardening 1 25

WoodrufTs Trotting Horses of America 2 00

Yale Agricultural Lectures 50

Young Angler Illustrated 75

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER

[Fly-leaf.

LANDRETHS^ EXTRA EARLY PEAS

All who plant early Peas should procure our stock, which we intro-
duced in the year 1823, and have to-day in their original purity. This
special type or breed is the earliest, the purest, the most productive,
the most palatahle. In our trial grounds the past season we tested 126
samples of Peas from various sources. LANDRETH'S KXTRA
EARLY were the first to hlooin and the first to ripen for the table.
Send for Catalogue.

D. LANDRETH & SONS,

21 & 23 South SUth Street, FhUadelphla, Fa.

ca.ta.t^ogxjie: of

Seeds iTools

FOR GARDENERS and FLORISTS,
NOW READY.

J. C. VATTGHAN, 42 La Salle Street, Chicago, Ills.

-^ric^M^s

A beautiful work of 150 pages, Colored Plate, and 1000 illus-
tratiuiis, with descriptions of the best Flowers and Vege-
tables, prices of Seeds and Plants, and Low to grow them.
Printed in English and German. Price only 10 cents, which
may be deducted from first order. It tells what you want for
theGarden, and how to get it instead of running to the grocery
at the last moment to buy whatever seeds are left over, meeting
with di^^appnintment after weeks of waiting.

BUY ONI,y VICK'S SEEDS AT HEADQUARTERS.

TTICK'S TLLTTSTRATED ~\.f-ONTHLT ll^rAGAZINE, Colored Plate in every

V niim- Xber aTuiinanv ^Vl ti[i'- illiis- i>Xtrations. Price, J1.25 a year; Five copies

for $.) Specimt-n tinmbers lo < ts ; :; trial copies 25 cts. We will send to one address Vick's

Magazine and anv one' of the foUnwing publications at tlip prices named below— really two magazines at the

price of one— Century. i?4.50; Harper's Monthly, HOO ; St. Nicholas. S3.ft*i; Good C^eer. $l.'i5; or Wj^de Awake,

Good Cheer, and Vick's Magazine for $3.00.

JAMES VICK, Rochester, N. Y.

INSECT LIVES ; or, Born in Prison,

BY JOLIA P. BALLARD.

A practical book for the Children, tending to interest
them in Natural History through this attractive branch of
it. This book answers in a natural manner the queries :
How shall we interest children ? How shall we most inter-
est them ? How shall we 6e«( interest them. 97 pp., square
12mo, cloth, profusely and handsomely illustrated. Price,
Sl.OU, by mail, post-paid. A<ldreHS,

CHAS. H. MAHOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HAVE YOU YET SECURED A

PHOTOGRAPH

Two Greenhouses 90x11 ft.; one 90x22 ft., heated by latest
Improved hot water system. 82000 stock now on houses.
Situated in one of the best towns in Kansas. Population,
10,000. Will sell low down to the right parties. For particu-
lars address,

YORK NURSERY CO.,

ia2 ''"••rt Spntt. Kans««,

OF THE

OeiGINAL SECKEL PEAR TREE?

150 TO 300 YEARS OLD AND STILL STANDINOI

Send for one and have something more than a mere tra-
dition. They are mounted on card board, 8x10 inches, and
will be securely mailed for 50 cents. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT, PublLsher.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

At tiie North, a Succews. Send 10 cts.

(silver) for full instructions for growing

in open ground, anywliere North. Trees

for sale. Martin Benson. Swanwick, Ills.

FIB CDLTl i

mA SPKCIAUiTir

Grand Collection of all the Best Varieties, em-
bracing the latest Novelties, Separate and In Mix-
ture. Strictly First-class Seed only. Send for New

Seed Price List, issued February 1st.

sl2

ALBERT BENZ, Douglaston, N. Y.

' SKK FIRST FAGE: FACING COVKR.-^^

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

HOW THE FARM PAYS.

By WILLIAM CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

CONTENTS:

Chapter I. paqe

Training for the Business of Farming — Agricultural
College Education— Selection of Soils— Use of
Manure— Farm Roads— Draining 9—25

Chapter n.
Manures and the Modes of Application— Special
Fertilizers — Green Manuring — Fertilizing by
Feeding 26—37

Chapter in.
Plowing, Harrowing and Cultivating— Flows— Har-
rows—Cultivators— Rolling Land—Use of the Feet
in Sowing and Planting 38—51

Chapter IV.
Rotation of Crops—Com— Potatoes— Potato Diseases
—Sweet Potatoes— Roots— Wheat— Oats— Barley
—Rye— Beans— Buckwheat 52—84

Chapter V.
Crops for Soiling and Fodder— Rye— Lucem or Alfalfa
— Millet— Peas and Oats — Fodder Corn— Feeding
Soiling Crops— Ahortion in Cows 85 — 109

Chapter VI.

Grass and its Management— Varieties of Grasses —

Mixed Gnasses for Pasture and Hay 110—133

This New Book " HOW THE FAKAI PATS," mailed on receipt ot S3.S0.

All purchasers of our Books, " The Hand Book of Plants," S3.00 ; " Gardening for Profit," 81 .50 ; " Qard-
KNiNO FOR Pleasure," $1.50 ; "Practical Floriculture." 81..50; "Garden and Farm Topics," 81.50, or "How
THE Farm Pays." 82.50, receive our new catalogue of " EVERYTHING FOR THE GARDEN," free of charge.

Chapter vn. PAa>
Cutting and Curing of Hay— Clover Hay— Ensilage-
Ensilage Compared with Roots 134—145

Chapter VIII.
Live Stock of the Farm— Varieties of Cattle— Re-
cords of Cattle— The Best Cows for the Dairy-
Young Cattle and their Care— Management of
the Dairy— Farm Horses — Sheep — Swme — Farm
Buildings— Fences— Rearing and Keeping Poul-
try—Dogs for the Farm 146—250

Chapter IX.
Pests of the Farm- Destructive Animals— Insect

Pests — Parasites — Pests of the Crops— Remedies .251— 274
Chapter X.
Farm Machinery — Plows — Harrows— Cultivators-
Mowers and Reapers — Haying Machinery — Fod-
der Cutters 275—300

Chapter XI.
Farm Culture of Vegetables and Fruits— Cabbage
— Celery — Sweet Corn— Cucumbers for Pickles —

Melons as a Market Crop— Onions, &c 301—380

Chapter XII.
Culture of Principal Small Fruit Crops— Straw-
berries—Blackberries— R-ospberries-Currants—
Gooseberries- Grapes Orchard Fruits 361 —379

^Sc CO.

35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York.

(JGUST K OLKER &

P. 0. Box 899. 44 DEY STREET, New York,

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF

BASKETS, WIRE DESIGNS

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,

IMPORTERS OF

SEEDS and BULBS

SEED PRICE LIST FOR 1885 NOW READY, AND MAILED TO THE TRADE ON APPLICATION.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Roses for Florists.

We make a special business of growing and distributing Roses, and believe we
offer the LARGEST and MOST COMPLETE STOCK of ROSES in AMERICA. ALL ARE
ON THEIR OWN ROOTS. No budded or grafted Roses are sent out.

^% ■ av ^B ^% ^r ^^1 A ^1^F^> We oflfer but one size of Kosea, strong vigorous plants, from

^I^K^ ^/l* r^laF^IM I Wa 8^-incli pots. They are thrifty, well matured, heavily
rooted plants— ready to go into 4-iiich pots. Every order, large or small, is carefully selected from the
largest and best on hand at the time.

PI TAN ANn UFA! THY *-*^^ roses are kept clean and in good

ULLrlll MIIU riLMLini. growing condition through the whole season,
so that Florists can replenish their stock w^henever it is convenient to do so.
We ship safely at all seasons— no danger from heat or frost.

IMPriRTANT Tfl RIIYFRQ our roses are not forced, but are grown

linrunirtiii lu uu I tno. inordinary soil, without manure or any

STIMULATING PROCESS WHATEVER; THEREFORE THEY REQUIRE NO NURSING, OR EXTRA
CARE, BUT GROW OFF STRONG AND HEALTHY, AND COME QUICKLY INTO BLOOM
FLORISTS SAY OUR ROSES GIVE BETTER SATISFACTION THAN ANY OTHERS THEY CAN BUY

PFt.XC£:S OF GrEN'SFtA.X. COX^r.E:CTIONS.

Per 100. Per 500. Per 1000.

EVER-BLOOMING ROSES, First class assortment, $ 8.00 $35.00 $70.00

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, " " 9.00 40.00 80.00

MOSS ROSES, " " 15.00 75.00 150.00

CLIMBING ROSES, " " 8.00 35.00 70.00

ApppiAl AQCnpTMpMTC For special assortments and large orders covering different classes of

Or bOIML MOOUn I III til I O. Roses, it is always best to send a list of the varieties and number of each
wanted. "We can then tell you exactly what we can do. and will name the lowest price that the size and character of
the order will justify. 49~ But you can always depend on lowest prices, whether you have special quotations or not.'S»

SPECIAL ATTENTION is given to supplying Florists with reliable plants of all the New and Scarce Roses at reasonable
prices. The following choice varieties, and hundreds of others, will be found in our VVhol6Sale PrlCO LiSt, S^nt

FREE to Florists, Market Gardeners and Dealers. „ „ .

Per Doz. Per 100.

£,ADY MARY FITZWILLIAM-Now English Hybriil Tea »3.00 SSO.OO

SOUVENIR DK THKRKSK LEVET—Suiierb New Scarlet Tea 8.50 15.00

COUNTESS OF PEMHROKE— Splendid Hvbricl Tea 3.00 80.00

PKINCE.SS OF WALES— Elegant New Engli-sh Tea 2.60 16.O0

DUKE OF CONN AUGHT— Bennett's Hybrid Tea 3.00 20.00

PIERRE GUII-LOT— Brilliant Crimson, Extra Fine 4.00 25.00

RED MAI-MAISON— New and Verv Promising 4.00 25.00

SOUVENIR DE GERMAIN OE ST. PIERRE— New Crim.son Forcing Rose 3.00 20.00

MADAME CHEDANNE GUINOISSEAU— Hich Golden Yellow, Very Fine 2.00 12.00

MISS EDITH GIFFORD- A Valuable New Tea Rose 1.50 10.00

JEANNE ABEL— (New Tea), Rosy Crimson, PencUled with Gold 1.60 10.00

NIPHETOS— Finest Pure White for Forcing 1.60 10.00

PKRLE DES JARDINS— The Finest YeUow for Forcing 1.50 10.00

CATHERINE MEKMET— The Finest Pink for Forcing 1.50 10.00

I,A FRANCE— Proline ea more Flowers when Forced than any other variety 1.50 10.00

CORNELIA COOK— Excellent for Forcing, Creamy White, fmmense Buds 1.50 10.00

BARONESS R*)THSCHII,D— Immense Flowers^ilvery White, Tinged with Blush 6.00 36.00

PAUL NEYIION- One of the Largest and Be.st Hybrid Perpetual Roses 1.60 10.00

ANNA DE DIES BACH— (Glory of Paris), One of the Finest for Forcing 1.50 10.00

MAGMA CHABTA— Rosy Crimson, Very Fragrant, Extra Fine 1.60 10.00

All the STANDARD SORTS in large supply-GEN. JACQUEMINOT. ETOILE DE LYON, MARECHAL NEIL, SOUVENIK
D'UN AMIE, HERMOSA, MARIE GUILLOTT, and hundreds of others, at lowest rates, quality considered.

NOT'ICE: to BXJYEFIS.

As the prices of some of the New^ and Scarce Roses are subject to change, and
the price of any selection depends largely on the varieties and number of each
■wanted, we invite buyers to send their lists and have them priced before making:
the order. This is the best plan for buyer and seller, and secures the lowest prices
he can make for the selection wanted. But you can always depend on getting the
best value we can give, on goods ordered— whether you have quotations or not.

NOTICE This advertisement is intended lor the TRADE ONLY, and not for private planters. Address,

The DINGEE & CONARD CO.,

». ROSE GROWERS, West Grove, Chester Co., Pa.

THEHORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Qreenhouse treating

Ventilating Apparatus.

Base-Burning Water Heater

Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLBECKEB STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.
Five sizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS,

IN GREAT VAKLETY AND AT

XjO'VT" P'K.IOES.

IMPROVED

SASH-RAISING /APPARATUS,

Lifting-Rods k Saslies,

Etc., £tc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 6 cents postage for Illustrated Cata-

Five sizes. New Patterns .877. logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

^W. S. ALLEN,

WHOLESALE DEALER IN

GUT FLOWERS

Price Lists Mailed to ail Applicants.

W. S. AL-r-SN.

to6

No. 940 Broadway, New York.

NOW READY.

DREER'S

WHOLESALE PRICE LIST

Offering a full line of all the really good things of the season, together with a complete
assortment of general Greenhouse Stock, especially —

Hydrangea Rosea— The Grand new Red-flowering
Hydrangea, "Thos. Hogg."

Torenia Rubens— The best new basket plant for many

years.
Fuchsia— FRAU EMMA TOPFER— The finest double

white variety ever introduced.
CannaS — Newest varieties. Geraniums, Impatiens, red

and white; Swanley Wliite Violet, Streptosolon,

.Tamesoni, etc., etc.
Roses — A fine stock of all the leading varieties in ^l^^-inch

pots ; dormant plants, 1 year old, 4 and 5-incU pots.
ClematiS-SPECIAL list of hardy varieties— Crispa,

Coccinea, Jackmani, and 25 of the finest large flowering

varieties at extremely low prices for large plants.

Dracaena Terminalis— Unusually fine plant in ele-
gant condition ; 2^.^, 11, 4, 5 and 6-inch pots.

Ferns— Adiantum Cuneatum, Pteris argjrea, cretica and
tremula, Dicksonias, Alsophillas, Microlepias, etc., etc.

Palms — An immense stock of Arecas, Cocos, Latanias,
Seaforthias, Rhynchospermums, Phcenix, Kentias, and
other really good varieties at greatly reduced prices.

Pandanus— Utilis and Veitolii, all sizes.

Verbenas ami Double Petunias— Our stock of

these is in excellent condition, the varieties cannot be
surpassed.
Bulbs— SPECIAL COLLECTION— Achimenes, Anemone
Japonica, Fancy Caladiums, C. Esculentum, Gloxinias,
Liliuni Auratura, L. Lancifolia, Tigridias, Tuberoses,
Tuberous rooted Begonias, etc., etc.

Florists' Wholesale List of Seeds, Plants, etc., Mailed Free.

SEEDSraA-Ti AND FLORIST,

714 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Oreenhoiises, Graperies, Conservatories, Propaxfating Houses, For-
cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying
Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO K£EP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks. Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe. Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

inyl2

86 BEVERLY STREET,

BOSTON. IVEjA-SS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS

My collection of Chrysanthemums is the largest, finest and most complete in the world. It includes the best of the
older varieties, all the new European and American varieties, of 1883 and 1884, twenty-five novelties from China and
Japan, and fifteen new varieties of decided merit of my own growing. New varieties of last season and all old varieties
are'ready for delivery now; new varieties of this season ready in February and March. Write forprices,they are very low.

CARNATIONS.

These three splendid fancy variegated Carnations, Mrs. Cardigie, Chas. J. Clarke, and Petunia, of last season are
decidedly the most profitable for cut^flower growing. They command double the retail prices of other sorts and are long
stemmed and extremely free flowering. Price, ?5.0U per 100 ; plants ready now.

Well established plants of Peter Henderson, Snowdon, Hinsdale, Springfield, Goodrich, Philadelphia, President
Garfield, Hinze's White, Black Knight, King of Crimsons, La Purite, Shellflower, B'irebrand, Lady Emma, etc.
$3.00 per 100 ; 825.00 per 1000.

'* William Francis Bennett/'

I have obtained from Mr. Evans the exclusive agency for the sale of this celebrated Rose in Western PennsylTania
Circulars.and price list on application. I will deliver the Roses in Pittsburgh and vicinity free of express charges.

UipiTC PHR PRIPPQ ^ carry a splendid general stock of Roses, all varieties ; hardy and tender ; Including
■■'■' * ^ rwn rniU^O. allnovelties;Clematis,Wistcrias, Ferns, Palms,Eucharis, Orchids, ivies, Ajlatolochi*,
etc., etc. A trial order :inii my prices will uonviuce you ol the desirableness of dealing with me.

BENJ. A. ELLIOTT,

54 Sixth Street,

PITTSBURGH, PA.

West Philadelphia, Oct. 9th, 1884.
Dear Sirs— We have tried the Soluble Fir Tree Oil Insecticide, and take pleasure
in stating that we h%ve found it an effectual destroyer of all kinds of insect life to
which plants in our greenhouses were subject, including red spider. You may use
our certificate in advocating it to the trade, but be particular to mention " if used in
thorough compliance with given directions." Yours truly, Craiq Bros.

Messrs. A. Rolker & Sons, ^ew York.
To be bought through any resp'ectable Seed House in the larger towns. In pint bottiM
at 75 cts ; In halt pints at 50 cts. For larger quantities address.

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS,

fl2

The Sole Agents for America.

P. O. Box 899, or 44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

Established in 1857,

rro. 296 P£:.A.Fii^ stk.e,ie:t.

'Ne^xr York City.

P. O. Box 2956.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES:

C. Q. VAN TUBERGEN, Jr.. Seedsman and Florist, - - - .- - - - Haarlem, Holland.

JOHN 8Ti;WART 4 SONS, Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, .... Dundee, ScoUand.

LEVAVASSEUR & FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, Ussy, France,

LENAULT HUET, Nursei-yman and J'lorist, ........ Ussy, France.

PIERRE 8EKIRE. Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

COCHET-AUlilN & FILS, Ro.se Growers, Grisy-Suisnes, Frajio«.

EUGENE VERDIER FII»S AINE, Florist ; New Gladioluses, Roses, PaeoDias, etc., a specialty, Paris, France.

V. LEMOINE, Florist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, -...-. Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBU Fa, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - OUioules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many otber Kuropean Nurserymen, Seednmen and FlorlstA.
whose Oataloeues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as tUey are received for distribatioa.

im

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

They are Cruaranteed to be the Most Powerful, Durable and Eco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Country.

We are also mannfaelnring all tlie various sizes of MY£RS
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, Sco,
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price lAst.

1173 South Ninth Street,

THOS. J. MYERS, Manager PHILADELPHIA, PA.

mhtf

lO

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

mi

li

,ers

FOR HEAXINCS--

Greeiiliises, Graperies, Gonmatories, fmmM Houses, k

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No. 46 Marion Street, Nevr York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dia

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

II

*S* Send for Circular and conditions of insertion under this heading. "^=ft

GENERAL BULB CO. Medals at Paris,
&c., Vogelcnzang, near Haarlem, Holland.

THOMAS MEEHAN,

Nurser>*raan & Tree Seeds,Germant'n,Phil.

MICHEL PLANT4SEED CO., Bulbs, Seeds, ; PENFIELD BLOCK CO.. Wood, Pot, Tree,
Plants, Supplies, St. Louis, Mo. [ Labels, IMain, Painted; Lockport, N. Y.

OELSCHIG & MEYER, Out-door Rose i
Growers. Canes, &c.. Savannah, Geo. I

FAY ^l"^!! CRAPES

06

BEST STOCKk
IN THE
_ WORLD

SMALL FKUITs"\Nn TREES. LOW TO DEALERS A]VI> PLANTEJtS. EVERTTIIING FIRST.
f-LVSX. FI.'Kl: <' \TAL<M;rKS. CEO. S. JOSSKI.Y.V. FKEDOMA. X. Y.

VERBENAS, Stock Plants,

ROSES, Carnations, Geraniums,

And a general greenhonse stock for the trade,

SEEDS, Bulbs ' Small Fruit Plants

TRADE LIST FKEE.

ja2 C. E. ALLEN, Bratt eboro. Vt.

WM. J. STEWART,

— \VHOLESAI,E DEALER IN—

CUT FLOWERS

^ FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,
BOSTON and PHILADELPHIA.

We have the exclusive Agency for the sale of the flowers
of the Celebrated

'Bennett' Rose.

SEND FOR PRICE UST.S.

67 Bromfleld Street,) „„ , ( 1518 Chestnut
fl2 Boston, Mass. j ^"^ \ Fbiladelphla,

St.,
Fa.

CHAS. R. STILLWELL,

Wholesale Florist and Rose Grower.

ROSES GROWN SPECIALLY for WINTER FORCING.
SEND FOR TRADE LIST. jll2

King's Highway, Gravesend, L. I., N. Y.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plantations, Young EverRreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

mhtf Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

MATTHEWS'

'Hand Cultivator,
Wheel Hoe,

SINGLE OR COMBINED.

Admitted by leading See<Unien ami Maiket Garden
ers everywhere to be tlie most p.-rftct and reliable
iiiiph'inents in use for plantin<; and eidtlvarin^ jrar-
di'H crops. Beware of cheap Jmitaiions! Imiuire for
llie genuine machines which are made onlv bv -

T. B. EVERETT & CO., Boston, Mass.

■do .< lid for circularB, giviu^ latest prices and iiniirovements.

BOSTON TEA ROSES

Carefully packed and shipped to all points in Western and
MidtUe States, at lowest Boston market prices. Price list
of Flowers and Florists' supplies sent ou application.

WELCH BROS.,

WHOLESALE FLORISTS.
fl2 165 Tremout Street, Boston, Mass*

GEO. MULLEN, Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School St., near Parker House,) BoStOn, MaSS.

Flowers carefully packed and shipped to any part of the
country. Send for Price List. Special rates on regular lota.
Orders hy mail, tele^rraph or express promptly attended to.
Immortelles, Immortelle Lettering. Wire Designs, Coil Wire
Tinfoil, Bleached Wheat, Match Sticks, Toothpicks, con-
stantly on hand and sold at lowest wholesale rates. (For-
merly with W. J. Stewart.) dl2

Carnation Plants

ROOTED CUTTINGS of above will be ready for delivery
in February and Florets and Sniilaz at all times.

ntt

THOMAS F. SEAL,

Unionvijie, Chester Co.

Pa.

LOW PRESSURE

r— -»

Steam Heating

— FOR -

DWELLINGS AND GREENHOUSES.

mhtf GEKMANTOWy. PHII-A.

THOMAS YOUNG, Jr.,

WHOLESALE FLORIST,

NO. II WEST 27TH STREET,
NE'W YORK.

.«-CHOICE ROSES A SPECIALTY.-®* sl2

LOUIS BOEHMER,

EXPORTER OF

JaiiaiesG Plits, Bnllis, Mi li

NOS. 4. 5 <Sc 28 BI..TTFF,

Prices on application. [fl2] YOKOHAMA, JAPAN.

RPRRIF^^"'^ /o/«_(>/' (Tt^m can be

ja4

Bt I rt D L n n I CO Brnn-n if 'yon follow our
■B^ ■ %^ n)^'th.>(i FrrcCitilopne describee all
7«j:ieties. IIALK BROS.. So. Glastonbury. Oou'j.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Something New in Water Heaters

Please take Notice.

as^'!

Sectional View of Carmody's Patent

Especially adapted to the heating of

t

And other Buildings where the HOT WATER system is desired.

This Heater is composed of sections, and
can be enlarpjed or diminished in size at will.

By renio\ing the impacting sections it be-
comes a tirst-elass saddle boiler.

It can be used in connection wltli a flae
along the ground, or not, at pleasure.

It requires no fire pit, where water is liable
to extinguish the fire.

It burns soft coal as well as hard, and does
not clog up with soot.

It has more heating surface in proportion
to its size than any other boiler in the market.

It is the CHEAPEST and most durable first-
class boiler made.

For Descriptive Clrcalar and Price !Llft»
address the Proprietor,

J. D. CARMODY,

FLORIST.

EVANSVILLE, IND.

HOW TO HEAT A GREENHOUSE WITH WATER.

The inventor of this Heater has lately pub-
lished an illusti-ated treatise on the above sub-
ject, which every Florist should possess, as it
gives lull instruction how to set the boiler, ar-
lange the pipe, make joints, mend leaks, and
much other desirable information. In tact, any
one by following its directions can pipe tbefr
own houses without the assistance of a plumber
or high-priced labor. Price 50 cents. Address,

J. D. CARMODY,

tstf Evansville, lud.

ORNAMENTAL TREES, &c.,

EOR LAWN, PARK KM STREET PLAl^Tllffr.

AMERICAN WHITE ELM, "The Crowning Glory of Am. Forests," G to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 13 and 13 to 15 feet

ROCK or SUGAR MAPLE 6 to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 13, 12 to 15 and 15 to 20 "

ASH -LEAVED MAPLE, Acer Negundo 6 to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 12 and 12 to 15 "

CATALPA SPECIOSA. Hardy Catalpa 6 to 8, 8 to 10 and 10 to 12 "

LOMBARDY POPLAR 6 to 7, 7 to 9, 9 to 10, 10 to 12 and 12 to 15 "

WEIR'S CUT-LEAVED MAPLE 6 to 8, 8 to 10 and 10 to 12 "

TULIP TREES a to 6, G to 8 and 8 to 10 "

LAUREL-LEAVED WILLOW, Beautiful Glossy Laurel-like Leaves 5 to 7, 7 to 8 and 8 to 10 "

A large stock of the preceiling, ami a moderate supiily of most varieties of ORNAMENTAL TREES.

Kilmarnock, Wisconsin and Babylonica Weeping
Willows, and Fulva Pendula Elm.

ALSO, A LARGE ASSORTMENT OP SHRUBBERY FOR LAWN AND PARK
PLANTING. A FINE STOCK OF ALL THE CHOICER VARIETIES OF GRAPE
VINES, ONE AND TWO YEARS OLD.

A lull and complete .os.sortQient of NUR-SERY STOCK of all descriptions.
Price Lists FREE on application. 30th TKAR 000 ACRES-

Tlie TRADE supplied at liberal rates.
-21 GKEENHOCSE8.

The Storrs

c£ Harrison Co.,

PAINESVILLE, OHIO.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. 13

TO THE TR-A.de.

THE NEW RED ROSE,

"WM. FRANCIS BENNETT."

"WILL BE READY FOR DELIVERY ON AND AFTER

EM>4><>C>»-«fr«>«><>OO'»O4^0««>O-4>©»0<M>O4S0-0^O4>O«tIS<>O®0-0-4M»O<&<ft<M

MARCH 15th, 1885 |® | ORDERS NOW RECEIVED.

For Circulars and Terms, please address

CHAS. F. EVANS,

Station F, Philadelphia, Pa.

p. S.— The date March 1st
In Dec. advertisement was
a printer's error.
tnl2

24 Certificates of Merit at N. Y. Horticultural Society.

APrVlUTDT 17 TC CTTPPUCC We entered in ^n classes at the Grand Chrysanthemum Show in New York
V^UlVlr J-iCi 1 H oUvLiHOO WereawardedlJ First Premiums. Such a thing occurs hardly once in a
lifetime. To obtain such result there had to be money, time and labor expended. Our collection of Clirjfsanthemums is
the largest and most complete in the country. Over 6nn varieties were flowered this year. The new varieties .are v.iluable
additions. Our own new seedlings are as follows : DOUBLE— Agnes Hamilton, Cincinnati. Dr Walcott. Gold Lace. Golden
Gloire de Rayonnante, Glow, Mrs. Jas. R. Pitcher, Pres. Cleveland, Rose Lace, Sam Henshaw, W. K. Woodcock, Welcome. FINE
SINGLE VARIETIES— Casino, Crimson and Gold. Helianthus, Hinsdale. Imogen, lUarlciold, Mrs. A. LeMoult. Pure Gold, Sadie
Martinet and Virgin. In addition we have been favored with the privilege to distribute the following fine seedlings of
Dr H. P. Walcott. of Cambridge, JLass. The Doctor is the best judge of Chrvsanthemums that we know of : Aquldneck,
Cambridge, G. Walcott, John Thorpe. Julius Caesar, Manhattan, Rob Walcott, Wenonah, Wyoming. The new Japanese set,
direct from ,lap.au, is a marvellous 24 and are reallv superb, viz.: Dp. Allen. J. Collins, J. Lovering, Bicolor, Moonlight, Lord
Byron, Duchess, Gloriosum. F. L. Harris, Hon. J. Welsh, Mrs. Mencke, Pres. Arthur. Norma, Mrs. Vannaman, Fimbriatum,
Jessica, Gorgeous, Golden Prince, Delicatum, Snow-storm, Syrlnga, Garfield, Mrs. C. H. Wheeler, W. K. Harris. The cream of
the imported varieties from Eur"pe will be found in the following— as far as we can judge. We have about 30 varieties
that did not flower with us : JAPS— Blanche Neige, Galathea, La Fraicheur, L'Ami Boncharlat aure La Geant, Valence, Valle
de Andover. CHINESE— Bruce, Findlay, Jeannie D'Arc, Lord Alcester, Mons. Roux. Mr. Bunn, Pres. Sanderson.

Particulars in our Retail Catalogue will be ready iu January. We will send it to all on application. Our Wholesale

Lists will be sent as usual. V. H. HALLOCK. SON & THORPE. Qucens, L. I.. N. Y.

200,000 ROSES.

We have this season an extra large stock of healthy Everblooming Roses, grown in 21<; inch pots, in all the leading
sorts. Price, S6 per 100; IS45 per 1000. Parties in need of large quantities please write for Wholesale Catalogue or send
in their lists of varieties wanted for lowest prices. Stock pure and best quality. 90 page Catalogue. Free to all applicants.

NANZ Sc NETJNEB. LonisTJlle, Ky.

EVERGREEN^s^ DECIDUOUS
^TREE SEEDS.^

OX7B CATALOQTTE of these Seeds is now ready and contains full list of Evergreen and Deciduous Trees and Shrubs,
Vines and Fruits, THOMAS MEEHAN, Cermantown, Philadelphia-

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Special Ofer to Florists # Horticulturists

ROSES FOR FORCING NEXT SPRING AND SPRING SALES.

Every order, large or small, will be shipped Immediately. All budded on Seedling Briar; Two Tears Old.

PRICES OF PLANTS, :

Standard Tree Roses $a5 fl 100; $.3110 ^ 1000

Half Standard Tree Roses S25 " J200 "

Centifolia Roses, low budded $9 " i Si "

Provence " " $9 " S 85 "

Moss " " 810 " 8 90 "

H. P. Moss " " 810 " 8 95 "

NCLUDING PACKING :

Ciiina, or Montlily Roses (Everbloom-

ine), low budded 810 fl 100; 8 90 HI 1000

Tea-Scented Roses, low budded $11 " 8100 "

Noisette ", " $11 " $100 "

Bourbon " •' $10 " $ 95 "

Hybrid Perpetual Roses, low budded. $10 " 8 95 "

These prices are for all varieties in our Catalogue, including newer kinds, except Merveille de Lyon, $20 ^ 100, 83 'V ilo*-

The roses offered bplnw .are not imported. All grown in 4-Inch pots. They are in fine growing condition, ready to

plant in Greenhouse. Time of delivery after Isl ol April. Will he shipped all Summer. Send your orders immediately.

The NEW YELLOW HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSE — QLOIKE LYONNAISE — obtained by crossing Mme^ Falcot (lea) with

Baroness Rothschild (H. P.) 1 plant 5Uc.

I. Niphetos $2.00^ doz.; $12.00^ 100

H. Perle des Jardins $2.00 " 8111.00 "

in. Catherine Mermet $2.00 " 810.00 "

IV. Duke of Connaught $100 " $20.00 "

V. Souv. d'un Ami $2.00 " SIU.(X) "

VI. Pierre Guillot $3 00 " $20.00 "

m per 10, $7 per 25, $12 per .50, $20 per 100.

VII. RedMalmaison $2.00^ doz.; $1.5.00 ^ 100

VIII. Princesse of Wales 83,00 " $20.00 "

IX. Mme. (JhedGuerrois.seau....S2.iiO " $1000 "

X. Lady Marie FitzwilUam $;3.00 " 825.00 "

XI. LaFrance $2.00 " 810.00 "

XII. Q,ueen of Queens 8100 " $30.00 "

The numbers II, III, V, IX, XI can be shipped at once in dormant plants grown out-of-doors.
PANSY SEEDS in 46 choice varieties, mixed 85 per oz. | LILY OF THE VALLEY PIPS $12 per 1000, $110 per 10,000

SCHULTHEIS BROTHERS, ROSE Growers,

tjU2

P. O. Box 78. College Point, L. I., N. Y.

WHITE

THE NIAGARA WHITE GRAPE TO. having decided to offer for sale to
the general pnblic, without restriction, a limited number of two-year-old vines of
their Celebrated \\ liile 4-riL|>(' Nl A<<ARA« orders will now be received and
' entered in rotation for vines ti» be deliltered in the -tpring of 1h.s.'i, until their stock of
vines is exhausted. Its merit t'll popuhirlty has induced unscrupulous persons to attempt a |'"KAL'I> in of-
ferinffto furnish them to their customers at areduced price, claiming that they me genuine Niagaras. This Co.
desires, therefore, to inform the public that it now li:iH« and aUviiyu liaH had* the iib!<)Oliite coiitroi and
|tos>4eN!sioii of all the viiieM grown from the wood or cutCiiisH of the Niagara up to tluN time

ECT' And thut NO
OTHl-:Kl»Ki:*iON
HAS KVEK IIAI>

THE hh;ht to

PKOPAtlATE IT

d6

Only |ier»:ionF« hav-
ing a certifimte of
authority from the
t'O., iniderthe CnN
SKAIi, will have the
ri^lit to take ord4>rs
for or the ability to
. direct or through
t:heir Finthnrized asentB, irtll'Kave ner-ureb/ attached to it hSV.XIj plainly stamped with our
KegiMtered Trade-mark. Reliable dealers and nurserymen will be supplied on liberal
term-*, and furnished with anthiiritv to lake ordern, mftkingsatisfiictory arrange-
ments with the Company, liftenl ageniN wanted in every town throughout the United

States and Oiinada to sell our Niiigara vinos from sample — — - — -

grapes Out (it for canvassing furniHbed t^i agents. Address |

NIAGARA WHITE GRAPE CO. '^'e^w^i-iT'

NIAGARA!

supplvthevinesof the Niagara, and that erert/ vine furntshedby rh^ r^.. direct or
• . , tB, irtll have ner-ureb/ attached to it a SKATj plainly stamped \
*""■■' ■ ' men will be supplied fin
, making satisfiictory i
ry town throughout the ^

CRAPE

My Annual Pricetl Catalogue is now ready and mailed free
to all applicants. It contains all the leading and most popu-
lar sorts of

V£:Gr£:T.A.BI.E:. FA.'RTO.

AND

Besides all the desirable novelties of last season, and nearly
every thing else in my line of business.

ALFRED BRIDGEMAN,

G 37 East 19th St., New York City.

Send six cents for postage, and receive
free,acostlyhoxof goods which will help
all, of either sex, to more money rij^ht
away llian anything else in this world.
Fortunes await the workers absolutely
Bure. At once address Tkuk A Co., Autrusta. Mainf*. nilil^

mm

^— PERRTS

FOfT

1S85

Di^ALDABLE TO At,LI

Will be mailnipppp -^TS
to all applicants r lllLb'^PQ
and to customors of labt year without
ordering it It contains illustrations, prices,
descriptions and directions for planting all
Vegetable and Flower SEKDS, BULBS, etc

D. M. FERRY&CO.'*^"c£'^

FAKM HOMES,

IN-DOORS AND OUT-DOORS.

By E, H. Lelanu.
Illustrated. 204 pages, cloth, price $1,50; mailed, post-paidon re-
ceipt of price. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chefltnnt St.. Phlla.

ja4

o6

MICHIBAN"""'"^

300,000 Acres

Find the bent marhetn f n the world

riiilit at their doois. lilizzards and
tortiadoos do not devastate their crops
and rain their faomeH. 1 have
for Salo. Easy paymenta; loog
tinu' ; low rate of Interest,
O M. Babhes. LaiuUiKt Ulch.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. 15

Cattleya Dowiana "^ Cattleya Skinnerii
*^ Cattleya Skinnerii alba *^

Having been appointed Sole Agent in the United States, by Mr. H. A. Quier
of Cartago, Costa Rica, I am now prepared to receive orders for the above

RARE AND BEAUTIFUL ORCHIDS —

For Spring Delivery, at prices much lower than ever offered. Specimen Plants
of the first two named, with 50 to 150 Bulbs, can be supplied. We also offer

TRICOPILIA CRISPA, SUAVIS and COCCINEA.

PERISTERIA ELATA, ZYCOPETALUM AROM ATICUM.
PESCATOREIA CERINA and AUREA STRIATA.

ODONTOCLOSSUM PULCHELLUM, OERSTETTII and SCHLIPERIANUM.
WARSCEWICZELLA DISCOLOR and MARCINATA.
ONCIDIUM COOPERII, CYCNOCHES, AUREUM.

ACINETAS, CATASETUMS, LYCASTES, BARKERIA SKINNERII.
MASDEVALLIA BELLA, REICHENHAMI & COOPERII ALBA.
SOBRALIAS, ANTHURIUMS, TREE FERNS, &c., &.C.
OUR NEW CATALOGUE OF ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, TOGETHER WITH SPECIAL OFFER BY THE
DOZEN, NOW READY, MAILED ON APPUCATION.

ORCHIDS AS CHEAP AS GOOD ROSES.

PRIMULA SINENSIS, Strong Plants, 4 and 5-inch pots, in fine variety, at $10.00 per 100

SMILAX, Extra Strong, 3-inch pots 6.00 per 100

Eii.bii.hed 1864. ^^,3^ Rossbank Nurseries, Govanstown, Balto. Co., Md.

NURSERIES,

ORLEANS, FRANCE,

Beg to inform their American friends and customers generally that their

New List for 1884 and 1885

Is now ready and may be had on application to

Messrs. Knauth, Nachod & KiJhne,

5 & 7 S. f ILLIAM ST., M YORK.

This Catalogue contains Wliolesale Prices of all the Fruit Tree Stocks ; an extensive list of Fruit Trees, New and
Hardy Ornamental Plants. Climbers, the Hardiest and Best Conifers and Roses on their own roots. Also, Small Conifers,
Deciduous and Evergreen Ornamental Trees, one or two years' seedlings, most useful for Nurserymen.

Tlie import duty, 20 per cent., has now been abolished, thus making it greatly advantageous and profitable for
Nurserymen generally to import.

-WN. B.— The greatest attention given to packing. o&

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

UKUnlUO THE ROYAL FAMILY OF PLANTS UlAUrllUO

WitU 24 magniiicent illustrations, life size, from livine jilants and colored to nature. Each lOxH inches. Text is on

splendid heavy jjlate paper.

BY HARRIET STEWART MINER.

The CutTivATioN of Orchids is easily comprehended, and the method is very simple, as the pages of this volume
successfully explain. Heat, ventilation and moisture are the chief factors. "An orchid house," says the author, "should
smell sweet as a flowery meadow does during a sudden burst of sunshine after a summer shower." They require, how-
ever, "as much care as a large family of children, and in bestowing such attention on the plants we come to love them."

This sumptuous volume is over l4 inches in length 11 inches wide, IK inches in thickness, gilt edges, beveled covers
and binding richly adorned in black and gold, and m the new beautiful silver, gold or bronze cloth, making a rarely
sumptuausT)00k. Gold cloth, full gilt, S15.00 ; Turkey Morocco, S30.00; Tree calf, »30.00. Address,

LEE &, SHEPARD, Boston. Mass.

JOHN SAUL'S

CATALOGUE OF

Hsw, Ears and kuli Plants lor 13SS,

Is full in all the really goml new i)lants that have appeared
during the year ; with rich collections of Fine Foliage and
other Greenhouse and Hot-house Plants, well grown and
at low prices, free to all our customers; to others 10 cents,
or a plain copy free.

Roses.

An immense stock of all the New French and English
Varieties. Potgrown at cheap rates. New Rose Catalogue

free.

Of this very beautiful plant a most extensive collection is
grown. The plants are fine.

NEW SINGLE DAHLIAS.

Single Dahlias. Plants and Seeds from War#*s CoUeo-
tlon»the finest in England "This strain is the finest in the
trade." See plate in Catalogue.

A very large collection of rare orchids— well-established

giants and specimens — East Indian, South American, ifec.
atalogues free.

f3

Special Ofer for 1885

ROS£S IN 2-INCH POTS.

NiPHETos, Perles, Cath. Mermet, Bon Silenk, Cor-
nelia UooK, «6 per 100, Safrano, »5 per 100.

.'iOn of any or all the above for S25.00.

VBKBEhJASnutof sand, SI per 100, «8 per 1000; Thumb
pots, «20 per iriOO. New Verbena, America, »1 per doz.
CARNATIONS out of sand well rooted ; PHILADELPHIA
(Jrim.son King, La Purite, Peter Hendehson and
Snowden, S1.25 per 100; »10 per lOOO. GERANIUMS,
fine pl.ants,2-in. pots, »4 per 100. IMPATIENS SULTANA,
SI per doz. New AJlyssum, Benthami compactum, very
fine, SI per doz.

Satisfaction guaranteed as to quality of plants. Our usual
terms to old customers. C. O. D. orders for unknown cus-
tomers must be accompanied witli 2.5 per cent, cash to insure
reception of the goods.

DeWITT BROTHERS, Bristol, Pa.

ANTHONY WATEREB,

Knap Hill Nursery, Woking. Eng.

Write for Catalogue and infor-
mation to

H. WATERER,

Importer of Plants and Bulbs,
3809 POWELTON AVE.,

PHILADELPHIA.

li

THIRTY YEAitS' fxperirnce in th<' biiNineHH,

thehe»;""inn",?;:?Vegetable,Flower&Fiel(l Seeds.

For piiril v, viliililv, ;iiiii HiiiuTior i|ii]tlit> ,tlii> .an
not !»' CM-l-llcl, rM|i,-.-i:illy f i H' tlii.^r « li,. a|i|'rr,-i;itr a
choice. ..tuck nl .Smls. A trial iHrrqni'f-t'd.an.Hhrj-wlll
recouiint'iiil ttu'lnsrlvc^'. .Smiih^H Si-ed CiilaloKUe*
withael(!<:tliKt.Muf V.'L'.'tal.lc, I'lnwrr ami I'iil.l ScnlR.and
BlllbH. alHn IliiiilcinrntH aTnl ( iardcn It<'MiilKlt''S, liiailcd to
allaiiplicaiiitB, F/tKF \\ .H. il.SitHTM, SccdNiiinn,
(Late nf 111,- Ihii. nf ll.iiiv A llr.-.rl DUII AHCI PUIA

ja4 Rr-ioiH .>iAiiKi;TSTici:i:T, rnlLAUcLrniAi

NEW MONTHLY PELARGONIUM"

(FREI> DOKNER.)

Fine Stock Plants now in bud and bloom, 3-inch pots, S25
per 100; 41nch pots, S3S per 100. Double white Primroses,
2-inch pota, »1B per 100. Other choice stock cheap. Address

for Pnce List.
f2

JOHN O. HEINL, Terre Haute, Ind.

ROSE GERANIUMS

I have a nice lot and must sell them to make room. Wi7,
sell at S2.50 per 100. Tuberose, double white, S2.S0 per'
lOO. Address,

H. H. HANDEL,

Blaine, Belmont Co., Ohio.

TRY

DREER'S

GARDEN SEEDS

PLANTS, BULBS AND REQUISITES. They
aro the BeHt at the l,ow<'Mt TrireiH.

^'Calendar for 1885 mailed free. Address

HEl^RYA.DREER

714 CHESTNUT ST. PHILA.

EVERGREEN SEEDLINGS LirrplVNTISs'

All Hizes.srreat variety. 80,000,000 Arborvitee Seedlings

»t50c.i< M. Catalogues free 6°° PInney, Sturgeon Bay.Wls.l 13

""x^v^MUNsoy*^ The Denison Nurseries

'proprietor. ' DENISON, TEXAS.

Critically selected and tested Fruits. Shadeft, Shrabfi,
Vlneii, and Kvergreens. VALUABLE NOVELTIES. Triumph.
the beat hardy white firape in America, haa endured 25"
below zero, unprotected, and made a good crop. Marl-
anna rium. will surely make a sensation when known.
Japan I'erBlmmoDS* perfectly successful south of 36°.
Large Stock of Leading Grapes and Peaches new and
old. tiood Stock, Well Handled, Reduced Prioas.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

A Fine Oiormnity to Enter an EstaWislefl Bnsiness.

THE ATLMTA TORSERIES EOB SALE.

A well-eskililisliod i>^iying business, near Atlanta, the Capital of Georgia. H.as a good trade for all kinds of Nursery
products, Greciiliousea, Cold Frames and Packing Sheds. Watered liy Hydraulic Ram and City Water-works. Every
convenience complete. The land can be bought or leased. A good stock on hand to be sold at a great bargain. Reason
for selling, tailing health. Address,

tf2 M. COL.£ Sc CO., Atlanta, Georgia.

SEEDS

ARE WARRANTED

FlR.*:T.rijASS in- every

EESl'lX T. IF,Wr(8rAI>

NOiVE BETTEiC

FftRffl flNNUfllFOR m85r?i.^X';:X'l'?E

It isti RaiidHntne Book <^f i 20 nii«r(*<« hundreds of beaiitifu! imv,- il'ustrationp, ti>'o r»lored Plat oh, and
tolls all about the best Farm and (.ui'Ueu Seeds, ini-lnding S.VI I'O PfT.INT .Vovt'iiiOf* of Keiil .iUerit.
Farmers. Market GurdenerH. and Planters who want TliK BKST SJKKIJM at THE LO WKS*T PltlCl'^S,

ra^'pS'Iu;! W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., PHIUDELPHIA; PA.

BURPEE'S

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES,

Germantown, Philadelphia.

Among the Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees usual to a first-class Nursery, one of our specialties is

OSAGE ORANGE HEDGE PLANTS.

Their superiority is attested by annually increasing sales. We sell low to those who sell again, and give special rates
to those planting by the thousand, ten thousand and hundred thousand.

Catalogues of all our Departments free on application. 12

Hybrid Clematis

f3 OUR SPECIALTY. SEND FOR OUR DESCRIPTIVE TRADE LIST.

JOSEPH KIFTjlflTest Chester, Pa.

UIDE

FRUIT CULTURE,

9

Is a simirturiuslv illustrated
bonk of orij- ti> P--\Bi?5-, Ij
tells howto jrl-ow fruits of all
kinds, privc-s honest descnp-
itions o( nil worthy Small
Fruits and others; represent-
ing the larpcst stock in the
U.S. Tti-ontains full instl-uctions for jilantinff. prumng
and ohtainini Fruit Tiees and plants; andafundorm-
fonuation invalualile to all inter-sted in fruit culture--
especially beirinnrrs. Prire. vith plates Me.; wittlout
platcsCc. Price lists tree. We ship to all points safely.
1" <r. T JjOTETT, Little Silver, Jfetv Jersey.

PATENT BINDER

For the Gardener's Monthly. Numbers filed with the greatest
convenience. Preserve them filed tor reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 40
cents each. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address.

CHAS.H. MAROT.814ChestnutSt. Phiia.

ENGRAVING pi^T^RftPH.
WO DRAWING REbmRED-

NO HAND WORK NECESSARY.

SEND f CHEAP, ARTISTIC.

■^°'* VCROSSCUP «. WEST ENG.CO.

dG

THE SEED TRADE7

From J. C. ERDMANN,

Armstadt, near Erfurt, Germany.

ALL GREENS and FLOWER SEEDS of the BEST

QnALITY. WHOLESALE PRICE LIST to be had

tiKATIS. ja2

JOHNSON'S CYCLOPEDIA

4 vols, hound in }^ turkey in first-rate order at 540.00, by
ex(^»ress at inuchaser".^ cost. This is a rare chance. tSpeak
quickly. Liable to be sold at any moment. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT, S14 Chestnut St., Phila.

i8

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTIt.ER.

FLOWER SEEDS M CHRYSAITHEMOMS

For FLORISTS and GROWERS.

Centaaroa eymnocarpa per 1000 seeds .80

" oandidis8iiiia " *' 81.00

Smilax peroz. 2.00

Mignonette, Miles' Spiral " .75

Verbena, Dreer'8 Choicest Mixed " 4.00

Sweet Alyssum, Browallia, Torenia, Ten.Week
Stocks, Vinca, Phlox, Maurandia, Lobelia, and all
other Seeds for present Sowing, send for Price List.

HENRY A. DREER, Seedsman and Florist,

714 Cliestnut Street, Philadelphia.

JOHN SA.XJL'S

CATALOGUES OF

Plants, Ml Trees, &c.

Catalogue of New, Rare and Beautiful Plants, issued in
February, with a colored plate, free.to customers. To others
10 cents, or a plain copy tree.

CATALOGUE OF ROSES.

All the novelties as well as standard sorts, well-grown pot
plants at low rates.

CATALOGUE OF ORCHIDS.

Cool, Intermediate and Tropical Orchids. An immense
stock of well-established plants.

CATALOGUE OF SEEDS.

Seeds of the finest strain of Single Dahlias, Florist Flowers,
with other novelties of value among flowers and vegetables.

CATALOGUE OF FRUITS.

All the standard Fruits, Pears, Apples.Peaches, Small Fruits.
The stock is large, well-grown, and moderate in price.

Ornamental Trees, Evergreens, Shrubs, Vines, &c.,
are extensively grown.

Catalogues of Roses, Orchids, Seeds, Fruits, Trees, &c., Fr6».

JOHN SAUL,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

WMTEM LILIES.

BEST HARDY AND TENDER SORTS.

Nymphaea odorata \T^^'^Xlf^^T^ol

By express, 75c. ■}? doz.; »6 ^ ICO. Send for Circular of
prices, description, and direction f(M' culture. Address,
H. W. MANN, Stoughton, Mass.

Successor to Mann Bro.s., of Randolph, Mass.

^GARDENING FOR PROFIT.

BY" PETER HENDEBSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

New and enlarged edition. Illustrated. 276 Pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price, 81.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

I offer 25 varieties, imported from China and
Japan. These were selected for their enormous
flowers, distinctness and other good qualities.

4 Certificates of Merit In New York, Dec. 2, '84.

These are great improvements on the old kinds.

———PRICE, SI2.50 THE SET •■•

Write for List to

H. -WATERER,

Importer of Plants and Bulbs,
3809 Powelton Avenue, Philadelphia.

YEARS IN THE

POOLTRY YARD.

Mitli Kdition. 108 Patrfs. expl'iin-
iiii; llie entire busiiiuss. (iivea
symptoms and best renietiics for
h'U diseases. A SO-pau'.' lllii"^trated
<Jatalopue. All forSric. in stamps.

A. M. LANG,
Cove I>ale, Lewis Co. Ky.

PHILADELPHIA.

KNGKAVEK FOK FLORISTS,

SKEDSMEN AND NUKSEKIMEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. .Send 25c. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

TOBACCO STEMS,

In bales weighing 500 lbs. each, at 95.00 per bale, or three

bales forSia.OO.
TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board of boats or cart.

ni2 Straiton & Storm,

204-208 East 27th St., New York City.

5 0 ,0 O O

CHOICE VEBBENAS

Nice large plants
free from rust and
mildew, StS.60 per
100 ; »80 per 1000.

DUDLEY BROS., Parkersburg, W. Va.

W

AWTFn*'^>**E8 ANP GENTLEMEN who

r\V% I ^Wwisli tomake#3 to#4adayeasilyattlicir
'iiliiinies. Work sent 1^ mail. Nocanvassing. Address
111 stamp €rowii M*f'|f. Co., 294 Vine St.. Cin'ti.O.

PRACTICAL HINTS

Ou the selection and use of the

MICROSCOPE,

Intended for beginners, by John Phin»

Editor of the Am Journal of Microscopy. Fourth and en-
larged edition. Profusely illustrated; 240 pp.. ]2mo, cloth.
Price, 91.00. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. AddreM,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Cheetnut St., PhlU.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

19

TUBEROSE BULSS, PEARL t^ DOUBLE.

Pearl, 1st size

" 2nd size (Blooming)

Double, 1st size

" 2nd size (Blooming)

NEW CROP NOW READY.

per 1(X), S3.00; per KWO. S25.00

" 2.00; " 18,00

" 2.25; " 20.00

" 1.75; " 15. 00

ALL BULBS GUARANTEED PURE.

£tlabllshed 1853.

£XGLE & BRO., Nurserymen and Florists,

[Ja3] MARIETTA, PA.

NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

The 2o varieties offered were selected in and imported
from Japan and retlowered and re-seleeted in tliis city this
fall. They are the cream of the newest Chinese and Japanese
kinds, being great acquisitions on account of their distinct-
ness, enormous flowers and free blooming qualities. Price,
818.S0 the set ; send for list.

H. WATERER, Importer of Plants and Bulbs,

3809 Powelton Avenae, Philadelphia.

Well .st.arted root cuttings ol Alfred Neuner, J A. Gar-
field, Elegans, Davidsonii, and Leantha, at Sl.iiO ner 100 •
SIC per KlOd. '

ALTERNANTHERA AUREA NANA.

Rooted Cuttings. SI. 50 per 100; SIO per 1000. Well es-
tablished plants after March 1st, S3 per 100 ; S20 per 1000
Order early.

JOSEPH E. BONSALL, Florist,

Salem, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

SECOND EDITION, REVISED BY THE AUTHOR.

The NeiAT Botany.

A Lecture on the Best method of Teaching the Science. By W. J. BEAL, M.SC.,PH.D., Professorof Botany in the
Agricultural College, Lansing, Mich. 8vo, paper. 25c. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price.

"Dr. Beal does well to say that books are an aid in the study, and not the proper source of knowledge at all. One
examination of a plant will teach more than the perusal of fifty books. Every student of Botany may profit by taking
counsel of Dr. Beal."— Z/07i</o;( Gardener's Magazine, *

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study it.
Some excellent directions are given as to what shoula be the objects in studying Natural fcJcience, and the best modes of
cultivating habits of correct observation." — London Journal of Horiieuliure.

"The tendency of modern instruction seems to be in the direction of emancipation from text-books, with their

stereotyped formulas ; and we believe that in no department is there more need of it than in that of Botany." Marble^

head (Mass.) Messenger.

"Neither Botany nor Horticulture is what it was a half century ago. True Gardening in these davs embraces a
knowledge of fiowers to an extent that makes a gardener really a botanist ; while Botany is a great deal more than a
mere classification of a lot of dried sticks. In the new order of things Botany deals with plant life, just as Gardening
does. Few have done so much, probably no one more, to make Botany popular than Prof. Beal. No better service could
be rendered to botanists and gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every teacher." — Gardeners* Monthlv
January, ISSS. " Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern teachers of Botany." — Ibid, September, 1882.

"It should be in the hands of every teacher of Botany, so full is it of su«;gestions that can be acted' upon even bT
those who have no laboratory appliances. The whole effort * * is to cultivate in the pupil » * » » the ability for
original research. Those who cannot originate, had better follow those that have proved most successfuL Looking at
results there are few better teachers of Botany than Prof. Beal. — Ihe Botanical Gazette, p. S9S, 18S1.

"It would be difficult to overestimate the difference between the delight which a class of bright young girls or bovi
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness of the hours their elders were forced to spend over tn«
analysis of flowers."— iVew York Evening Post. "

''The whole lecture indicates such an amount of research and is given in so condensed a form as to render it inter
esting, as well as valuable, to all who are studying physiological Botany and how plants behave." • • • » "The moda
Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in training the mind '--
Country Gentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia

FRUIT GROWER'S ERIEO.

AN EASY GUIDE FOR THE

Raising of Fruitsfor Pleasure or Profit

BY R. H. HAINES.

Paper, 34 pp.. 8vo, price 30cents; mailed post-paid onreceipt
of price. Adfh-ess,

CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chbstnut Street, Phila.

ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

Tte BEST METHODS EMPLOYED ll ENGLAND aiJ FRANCE.

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboeuf s Essay on Asparagus,
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted
for its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
edition, m pages. 60 cents by mail on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Piifla.

AirlcaD Genie BiM Sliootii

By JOHN MORTIMER MURPHY,

Author of Sporting Adventures in the Far West, Ramblet M
Northwest America, The Zoology and Resources of Ore-^
gon and Washington Territory. A Search for the
Mountain of Gold, The Forester of the Ardennes
Adventztres in the Wiids of Florida, etc., etc. '
Handsomely Illustrated. 347 pages. 12mo. Cloth. Tinted
'""""'' lid. Address

ROT^
814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

Paper. Price', ^.00 by mail, p6st~paid. Addreaa'
CHAS. H. MAROT

PRACTICAL AZALEA CULTURF

A TREATISE on the PROPAGATION and CULTURE

OP THE

AZALEA INDICA,

BY ROBERT J. HALLIDAY.
Illustrated, 110 pages, 12ino cloth, price, »2.00. Mailed ooM
paid on receipt of price. Address, ' *^

CHAS. H. BIABOT, 814 Cbestnat St„ Phil..

20

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Indian Azaleas,

TRADE SIZES AND SPECIMENS.

Mollis and Ghent Azaleas, Khododenrons, Camellias,
Orchids, Palms and General European Stock, Apply to

IS.. VA.N GrEEFlT,

tmhtf Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

XHE: GrR.EA.T NEW cixtince:|

MEECH'S PROLIFIC.

The most wonderful of all new fiuits. Beautiful pho-
tograpli of branch of fruit, and circular .giving descrip- 1
tion, direitinns in culture, method of pruning, valu.able I
receipts, intercstiu!; articles from the press, etc. all free. I
Largest stock of Mulberry Trees in America. Senrl fori
circular and nrice li>t. HANCE & BORDEN, Red Bank,
N. J., and 31 Fulton St., N Y. tJ I

GARDEN

AND

FARM

TOPICS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

Embraces within its scope the following subjects : Popu-
lar Bulbs and their culture.— Window Gardening, and Care
of Plants in Rooms.— Propagation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
ing in Winter.— Greenhouse .Structures, and Modes of Heat-
ing.—Formation and Renovation of Lawns.— Onion Grow-
ing,—How to Raise Cabbage and Cauliflower.- On the Grow-
ing and Preserving of Celery.- The New Celery, " White
Plume."— Strawberry Culture.— Root Crops for Farm .Stock.
—Culture of Alfalfa or Lucerne — Manures and their Modes
of Application.— Market Gardening around New York.—
The Use of the Feet in Sowing and Planting.— Popular
Errors and Scientific Dogmas in Horticulture.— Humbugs
in Horticulture.— Draining. Cloth, 12 mo, 2H pages, price
SI. 50 ; bv mail, post paid. .Vddress,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

THEr^rHOOlTGARDEN

BY DR. SCHWAB, DIRECTOK OF THH VIENNA GYMNASUrM, ETC.
FROM THH GERMAN BY MRS. HORACE MANN.

Advocating education by labor as well as by study, not as a task
but as a delight. Adapting the kindergarten principle to older
children. In France and Sweden it is no longer an experiment.
School gardens in city and town are destined to be a great educa-
tional force in America. This book, full of spiritandenthusiasm, will
materially hasten the day. Price by mail, 50 cts. each. By express,
5 copies for #2.00, 12 copies for $4 00. Sent on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street.Phila.

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i.— Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division 2. — Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 32S pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
type Price, S7 00, mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philad'a.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Rose ,

byWM. PAUL.

93 pages, cloth, illuiitrated. Price, SI 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 ChcstDul Street, Phila.

FLOWER SEED BAGS IN STOCK,

Vegetable Show Cards in Stock,

Nurserymen's Plates in Stock,
Catalogue Plates in Stock.

MENSING &. STECHER, Lithographers,

tnihl2 336-340 N. St. Paul St., Kochester, N. T.

PLANT LIE ON THE

By Maxwell T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S. Plant nutrition;
The Work and the Materials; The Machinery; Growth,
Sensitiveness; Development: Multiplication ; The Battle of
Ijife ; Practical Inferences ; Decay and Death. 12 mo, cloth,
182 pages. Mailed, post-paid, Sl.dO.

CHAS. H. MARUT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

SWEET POTATO CULTURE.

GIVING FULL INSTRUCTIONS FROM

STARTING THE PLANTSTO HARVESTING
AND STORING THE CROP.

WITH A CHAPTER ON THE CHINESE YAM.

BY JAMES FITZ,

Keswick, Va., author of "Southern Apple and Peach
Culturist. " Paper cover. Price, Post-paid, 40 cents.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

DOWNING'S

r:

Or, Tlie Culture, ProDaptlon, and Management, i tlie
Garden and Orctiard, ol Frnit Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Descriptions of all the Finest Varie-
ties of Kruit, Native and Foreign, cultivated in this Conn-
try; containing, also, A History of Insects Injurious to
Fkuit, .and the best methods of destroyinc; them.

Mr. Charles Downing has been engaged on this revision
from time to time, and has produced unquestionably iTie
most complete Bejerence Book for the Cultivators of Fruit
ever issued.

Of Apples only he has over 450 pages of varieties. New
and better drawings and engravings have also been made of
all the Frnit.

The complete work, including three Appendices, is
brought down to 1881, .and forms one thick

8V0 VOLUME OF OVER 1,350 PAGES.
Price, h.andsomely bound in full cloth, . - . $5.00.

Recommendation from Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,
President of the American Pomological .Society :

Gentlemen: — I have received a copy from Mr. C'larles
Downing of the second revised edition oT tin; "^'K^I^s and
Fruit Trees of America." It is the \nost con.m-ehen-
sive of any similar work, in fact A COMl^i^EiE ENCY-
CLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN POMOLOGY, brought down
to the present time. The original edition by his brother, the
late Andrew .lackson Downirv', popular as it ever has been,
is made doubly interesting a. id useful by this revision, com-
prising the results of a lo.ig life of critical observations.
As a work of reference it has no erjual, and deserves a place
in the Library of every Pomologistm America.— Marshall
P . Wilder.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

ROSES AND ROSE CULTURE.

By Wm. Paul. F.R.H.S.
The rationale of Rose cultivation in a nut-shell. Intended to
place within a small compas? all that is necessary for the successful
cuUivalion of the " Queen uf flowers." 83 pages, lamo, paper-
boards. JPricc, 60 cents. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt ol
price. Address,

CHAS. H MAROT,
• 814. Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

SEEP Warranted to Crow.

iirtier reflllt'd gratis. 1 luive sulil \'L'-t't;i01e una tlow«i'

1 lo over n uiiLlion farmers and fiiiideuers in the

Liuited Statrs, pi-rliaps ^uiiR- are vour lu-i-liliois. if so nsk

tiiem wiieilMM- tbey are reliable." Mr. Tliomas Heiishall ol

Trny.KtuiRjis, writes me: "Fit 26 years [ have dealt with

you. 1 liave lived in Iowa. Mis.-niiii, Cnldvado. and Kan-

■:. and nn matter what tlu- soil or cliinaie, tlie revuU

s ;ilu ays the same, to wit:— religiously honest

and good." Tlits i"^ th" kind nf seed I raise and srll. The

Hubbard and Marblehrad Sqiiasli. IMarblehead

Torn, Marbl«-head (^abbagest Ohio Potato, Eclipse

Beet, are soiiir- <>[ tlie vee^etabiesoi which I was the urig-inal in-

t Inducer. A Fair with S.'.ijO in preuiiums. See my cataloi;ue,tree to all.

M Ks J H. OREGORV, (Seed Grower). Marble head. Mass

lATayside Floiftrers

Being a compilation of thirty-one of the beautiful plates from "Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States" and 128 pp. of text

Author of "Ttie Native Flowers and Ferns of U. S. ; " Professor of Vegetable Plij'siology in Penna. State Board of
Agriculture i Editor of The Gardener's Monthly; Vice-President Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila.

This work is appropriate for AN ELEGANT PRESENT. .Splendid paper and typography ; Bound in fine cloth,
bevilled boards, gilt edges. Th© balance of tb© edition for sale at retail only. Only a few more copies left.

Sent by mai postage free. Address,

c2^PRICE $5.00<^e>

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

IIJDRIOUS TO FROITS.

By Wm. Satjndeks, F. R. S. C.

Dedicated to the Fruit Growers of America. 8 vo., cloth,
pp. 436. Illustrated with 440 Wood Cuts. Price $3.00 by
mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Fruit Growers' Hand-Book,

By F. K. Elliott author of " Western Fruit Growers' Guide**
(one ot the best posted men on the subject in the United States).
Contains the practice on all subjects connected with fruit growing.
The book is made for those who grow fruit for their own use Also
an Appendix , containing matter relating to the selection and culture
of Ornamental Trees, Ro.ses, Plants, &c. Illustrated with 45 wood-
cuts, 130 pages, i6mo, cloth, $1 ; pnper, 60 cts. Sent by mail
postpaid on receipt of price . Address ,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

considered in relation to the wants of OTHER CITIES, and of
PUBLIC and PRIVATE GROUNDS.

By WM. ROBINSON.

Splendidly and profusely illustrated, pp. 5-iS. Octavo, frict
$7.50. Mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

IflTheat Culture;

How to Double the Yield and Increase the Profits.

ByD. S. CURTISS.

72 pages, illustrated. Price 50 cents, mailed, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FOR THE NATURALIST AND ANGLER.

DR. JAMES A. HENSHALL'S

BOOK OFTHE BLACK BASS.

Comprising its complete Scientific and Life Histories, to-
gether with a Practical Treatise on Angling and Fly-flshing,
and a full account of Tools, Tackle and Implements.

Large 12mo. 460 pages. Fully Illustrated. Price, $3.00.
Sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of the price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

The Botanist's Pocket Book.

2nd Edition, clntli limp, pp. 208. By W. B. Hayward.
Containing the Botanical Name, Common Name, Soil and
Situation, Growth and Time of Flowering of every Plant,
arranged under its own Order. Price $1.70. Mailed, postage
tree.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise on the Propagation and Culture of the Camellia Ja-
ponica, by Robert J. Halliday. Illustrated with Five Colored
Plates and 50 Wood Engravings. 12mo, pp. 141, cloth. Price, 82.00.
Sent by mail . post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

FARMING

WITH

ON PLUMCROVE FARM,

BY C. HAKLAN, M.D.

269 pages, r2mo, cloth. Price $1.00, mailed, post-paid, on receip
.»f price. Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila*

London Gardener's Chronicle

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers in the U.S. for
$6.35 per year. Apply to

CHAS. H. MAROT. Agent, 814 Chestnut St..PhiU.

22

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Stock Plants

FOR FLORISTS ONLY ^^^T^'Z

WasbiDgton Market from 50,000 to 120.000 Bedding

Plants, annually, I have tested a great many varieties, and
throw out all poor ones. I ofFer|in my list only the Best Old
and Newer Kinds; especially to beginners in the business,
viz.:

176 Chrysanthemums for SIO.OO

110 Geraninms, Zonale and Scented 8.00

60 Fachsias 3.00

40 Verbenas 2.00

34 Carnations 2.00

15 Begonias 1,00

6 Lantana, G Heliotropes, each .35

A Achiranthas, 5 Alternantheras, each .25

24 Colens 1 .00

10 Miscellaneous Plants 50

Or the whole collection of 500 plants, all labeled, for 825.00*
For Descriptions, see my Wholesale Catalogue.

Nicholas Studer,

tsl2 FLORIST,

ANACOSTIA P. 0., WASHINGTON, D. C.

liyersal Interest Tallies

At 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 per cent, computed by

George William Jones

of Cornell University^ and guaranteed correct. Pp. 120,

16 mo, cloth, limp. Price, 50 cents. Mailed post-paid.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Flowering Plants,

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF

And their alliesr the Club Mosses, Pepperworts and
Horsetails.

By ANNIE PRATT,
6 vols. octavOj cloth, gilt. 319 full colored plates. Illustra-
ting 1543 species figured with index in each vol. with botani-
cal and common name referring to plate, figure and paper.
Price $32.50 sent post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Fhlla.

Farm Implements and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE.

wkh explanations of the laws of motion and orce as applied on the
fama., with over 300 illustrations by John J. Thomas; new and
revised edition, 312 pages, la mo, cloth, price ;^i, 50; mailed postage
free on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street. Phila

Art of Propagation.

A Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and Every-
body, 32 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 25 cuts, price 50
«ala. Mailed, postage free, on receipt ot price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. PhiU.

FOREIGN GRAPE YINEQ

■ FOR GRAPERIES ^

PRICE:

, One yeaf old vines, $1.00 each.
' Two year old vines. $2.00 each.

Bowood Muscat,
Muscat Hamburg,
Canon Hall Muscat,
MadresBeld Court Muscat,
Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat,
Muscat of Alexandria,
Black Prince,
Black Alicante,
Black Barbarossa,
Black St. Peter's.
Buckland Sweetwater,
Calabrian Raisin,
Chasselas de Fontainebleau,
Chasselas White,
Chasselas Golden,
Duchess of Buccleuch,
Frontignan White.

Catalogue sent free on application.
We would also call special attention to our stock of
Camellias, Azaleas, Acacias, Roses and general collection
of winter-bloominK ornamental foliage and bedding- plants

DAVID FERGDSSON k SONS, Laurel Hill Nnrsenes,

t.f.l2 Ridge and Lehigh Avenues. Philadelphia, Pa

Frontignan Grizzly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg Wilmot*s,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria,
Lady Down's Seedling,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz,
Trentham Black,
^Vhite Nice,
White Syrean,
White Sweetwater,
\Vhite Tokay.

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

for the Atnatfur and Professional Florist. Illustrated. 2B8 pages,
i3mo, cloth, Price, Ji. 50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt ei

^"'^^' Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

614 Chestnut Street. Philadel'^^in

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

Giving Description, History, Cultivation, Propagation, Dis-
eases. Ac.

Beautifully Illustrated.

276 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by mail, post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT. 814 Chestnut St.. P^mI .

AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY.

By Robert Buist.
With practical directions for the Culture of Plants in Flower-
Garden, Hot-House, Green-House, Rooms, or Parlor Windows,
for every month of the year. Instructions for erecting Hot-
house, Greei. house, and laying out a Flower garden. Instruc-
tiou for cultivating, propagating, pruning and training the
Grapa vine and description of best sorts for the open air. 34
pact's, 12mo, cloth. Price 81 60. Sent by mail post paid on receipt
of price. CHAS. H. MAROT.

8Ur>,P«t„..» ^■* T>m,j,

CHOICF STOVE AND GREENHOUSE PUNTS,

By Beqj. S. WilUams, F. K. H. S-

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred speciea and
varieties. Instructions fortheircultivation and mode of manage-
ment. Illustrated with colored frontispiece and numerous
oplendid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., 12mo, clolU. Price
S5.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CH^S. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St Phi»::

~ INJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

By MARY TREAT.

Fully niustrated. 288 pages. 12mo, cloth.
Price, 82.00 by mall, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St, FblUk

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

23

|iiOSffi.E.?i&JRil

tfS

,,,_„>. stamps for our BliiKtruteJ and
Doseriptivo CatalogiK'S. Tliey t-OBtain
I full aud accurate Inrormotion about
aUthe Old and XcwtVuitx. 7'n w, Eosea,
etc., -with cultural directions a?:d are
■Bdi^ftrtM the most complete puhlislu-d. Ku. I9
Fruils, inc. No. 2, Ornamental Trees, etc., iric.
No. 3, Small Fniits. No. 4, Wlirlesale. No. 5,
Roses, free. EI-l-WANUER & BARRV. .
nit. Hnpe Nnrsrrips^ ItocJiewter, N. ^ .

ROSES

GRAPE

VlMES

Et.C.

Orchid Grower's Manual

BY BKNJ. F. WILLIAMS, F. R. H. S.

Containing descriptions of 930 Species and Varieties ol
Orchidaceous Plants with notices oftimes of flowering,
approved modes of treatment and practical instructions on genera)
culture. Remarks on heat, moisture, soil, seasons of growth and
rest suited to the several species.

FIFTH EDITION ENLARGED WITH COLORED FRONTISPIECE*
and numerous beautiful illustrations, 336 PACES (2rn0
CLOTH. Price, $3.50. Sent by mail, postage free, on re-
ceipt of price.

Address. C. H, MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. PhiU

The Scientific Angler

Being a general ami instniotive work on Artistic Angling.
By the late David Foster.

Containing the habits and haunts of fish, bottom fishing
(general), pike fii^liing, sjnnning for trout, worm fishing for
trout, grub fishing for CTayling, piscatorial entomology, on
fly making, ny fishing for'trout and grayling, live fly and
beetle fishing, noti's on the month lor fly fishing, salmon
and sea trout fishing, about hooks.

Pp. 247. Dlustrated. Cloth, 12mn. Price, post-paid, »1.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

T Ti "E; "EI s

We are still otfering Great Bargains in Shade Trees of
all sizes. Large Norway Spruce, 4 feet; RetinoBpora
obtnsa, Am. Arborvitte and a General Assortmeut to
close out tbe Basiness.

I>. M- FOSTER,

tn? (Nursery) Babylon, L. I.. N. Y.

Chiefly such as are Caused by Fungi, by Washington G.
Smith, K.L.S., M.A.I. Member of the Scientific (.'oramit-
tee of the Royal Horticultural Society. 143 Illustrations
drawn and engraved by the author. 16 mo, 353 pages, cloth,
price SI. 50, by mail post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

YOUR PLANTS

BY JA.MES .SHEEHAN.

PLAIN .ind PRACTK'AL DIRECTION.S for the TREAT-
MENT of TENDER and HARDY PLANTS in the

HOXJSS AND GA.-RJ3EN.

12mo, paper, 79 pages. Price, uiailed, post-paid, 40 cent«.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philx

Ornei!aI Mm ^ kmmm

A Treatise on Beautifying Homes, Rural Districts, Towna
and Cemeteries. By Elias A. Long. 381 pages, 12 mo, cloth.
Illustrated. Sent by mail prepaid for 82.00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut Street, Phfla.

A MANUAL OF THE CONIFERS.

BY JAMES VEITCH.

With Numerous Woodcut Plates aud Letter Press Illustrations. 340 pp., 8vo., neatly bound in oloth.

Price 83.00, mailed, postage free.

CONTENTS.

Part I.— General Review off the Order. Structure of Coniferous Wood — Vegetation, Roots, Stem, Foliage —
Fructification, Flowers. Cones, Seeds— Secretions and Resinous products — Accidents and Diseases— Distribution-
Scientific Classification, (to., Ac.

Fart II.— Synopsis of Genera, Species and Varieties soitable for the climate of Great Britain. lucluding
a Tabular Arrangement of these with their Synonyms, Popular Names, Native Country, Height in Feet— Full descrip-
tions of all the most important trees, with supplementary notes on tlieir habitat, history, use, culture, &c., <fec.

Part III.— The Planting of Conlferse as a Branch of British Arboricalture and Horticnlture. Select lists
of kinds suitable for the various purposes for which they are planted. The Pinetum, Park and Pleasure Ground —
Terrace and Geometric Garden, Winter Bedding, Avenues, Memorial Irees, Cemeteries. Coniferous Trees valuable for
Timber— Cultural Notes, Ac, Ac.

This work has received the high enconiums of the Enghsh and French Horticultural papers, and the Gardenhrs*
Monthly, as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scientific and indispensable to those having an intelligent interest
In Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete without it.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Agsnt for U. S., 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKSr^

« .30

26

76

60

76

1.00

1.00

1.00

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75

76

76

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Book for Beginners with the Microscope, Phin, boards, fully Illustrated

Cements and Glue, Phin, stiff covers '

Chemical History of the Six Days of Creation, Phin, 12mo, cloth

Common Objects for the Microscope, Wood, 400 Illustrations, 12 colored plates.

Diatoms, A. Mead Edwards, 12mOj cloth

Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements, Brown, Eleventh Edition

How to Use the Microscope, Phin, 86 Engravings, tinted pajicr, l2nio

Lectures in a Workshop, Pemberton, 12mo, cloth.

Microscope and Its Revelations, Carpenter, pp. 882, cloth, 26 plates, 500 Engravings.
Microscopical Examination of Drinking Water, McDonald, Hvo, clol"

)th, 24 plates.
One Thousand Objects for the Microscope, Cooke, 12 plates, 500 figures, 12mo, boards .

Ponds and Ditches, M. C. Cooke, 12mo, cloth

Section Cutting : To Prepare and Mount Sections for Microscope, Marsh, 12mo, cloth .
Shooting on the Wing, by an Old Gamekeeper, 12mo, cloth
"' ' " ' ■ 3 U " ■ " '

Steel Square and Its Uses, Hodgson, cloth _ ___

Wood Engraving, Instruction in the Art, Fuller, fully Illustrated
Mailed, post free, on receipt of price.

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FREE TO ALL.-

OUR NEW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF

SEEDS. BULBS. ROOTS, &C., WILL BE

MAILED FREE TO ALL APPLICANTS WHOLESALE
PRICE LIST TO THE TRADE ONLY.

SEEDS

tja2

NAWZ & NEUNER, Florists. Lonisville, Ky.

Downing's Landscape Gardening and
Rural Architecture.

BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING, ESQ.

Adapted to North America, with a view to the improvementin
country residences. Comprising historical notices of the art, di-
rections for laying out grounds and arranging plantations; the de-
scription and cultivation of hardy trees, decorative accompaniments
of the house and grounds, the formation of artificial water, flower
gardens, etc.; with remarks on rural architecture. With two sup-
plements by H. Winthrop Sargent. Handsomely illustrated, pp.
S9S. Royal 8vo. Price, $6.50, by mail, postage free.

The above work is now out of print and when the few
remaining copies at present in stock are disposed of no more can
be had. Those who wish to secure a copy of this valuable work
while the chance is yet open, should speak at once. Address,
CHAS. H. MAKOT,

Si4 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PEAR CULTURE FOR PROFIT.

BY P. T. QUINN.

A practical Hortioulturist, and author of "Money in the
Garden."

Containing practical method of raising Pears intelligently
and with best results; character of soil, best mode of preparing
It; best varieties to select under existing conditions; best mode
of planting, pruning, fertilizing, grafting, and utilizing the
groun*! bi-fore the trees come in to bearing, and finally gathering
and pacfeing for market Illustrated with practical cuts on
pruning and grafting, distance table and orchard record. 136
pages, r2rao, cloth. Price, Si. Sent by mail, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

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THEFAEii'S^lGCfllTll.

A Complete System of Book-Keeping for
Farmers, Planters, and Gardeuere.

BY A. L. CAMPFIELD.

Every one should keep a strictaccountof all business transactions,
and thereby save much trouble that comes of neglect. This is a
plain, practical system of book-keeping, easily understood, and
especially adapted to the wanisof the Farmer. Full instructions in
each book, C»n be carried in an ordinary pocket; 180 pages,
bound ill sheep-skin. Price 75 cents. Mailed postage free on
eceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

Manual of Accidents and Emergencies,

Or how to avoid accidents and what to do when they occur,

with ii'>tes on the Preservation ot Health. Compiled for the
use ut Teachers, Students, nud the Industrial Classes,

By Geo. A. Groff, M. D.,

of the University of Lewisburg, Pa. pp 92, 12 mo. boards,
price 5() cents by mail post-paid.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

TtieCHEMISTRyoftheFARM

BY. R. WAKINQTON, F. C. S.

A most valuable Work, wliinh should be in the Hands of
Fanners, Gardeners and Tillers of the soil generally. It
presents the relations of Chemistry to Agriculture in amos.

JUST PUBLISHED.- —

The Sportsman's Gazetteer,

BY CHARLES HALLOCK.

New, Revised and Enlarged Edition.

This well-known volume, comprising 1,000 pages, passed
through six editions, and became the recognized authority
in l.toth continents on matters pertaining to Field Sports.
It has now been revised under the personal supervision of
tlie author, who, since the appearance of the last edition,
has largely extended his knowledge of the subjects treated
by three years' travel over new portions of the United
States and Canadas, which have not hitherto been brought
to the immediate attention of sportsmen. This revised
edition contains entirely new matter in several depart-
ments, a newly engraved portrait of the author, new maps^
and many fine illustrations rei)resenting Gauie Birds, Game
Dogs, Game Fishes, etc.. etc. Price, post-paid, 83.00.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Simplifies the art of Reckoning, and is worth its weight In
gold to every Farmer, Mechanic and Business man, especially
those not thoroughly versed in figures. Shows at A glance,
the CORRECT answer to nearly 100,000 business examples in
allkiuds of grain. Stock, Hay, Coal, Cotton, Merchandise,
INTEREST, "Wages, Measurements of Liumber, Logs, Cisterns,
Tanks, Granaries, Wagon Beds, Corn Cribs, Cordwood. Hay.
Lands, Carpenters', Plasterers', Bricklayers' work, etc. It
also TEACHE.S entirely new, easy and practical. RULES
for RAPID busiuoM'.drulatiuns, which even a child can com-
prehend. It is neatly printed and bound, and is a KKADY
and LIGHTNING Calculator, Memorandum, perpetual Cal-
endar aud Pocket-book combined, all for tlie price of a com-
mon diary in similar binding. 72 pages and 60 pages addition-
al of blank memorandum.

No. 1, Eng. Cloth, plain, with memorandum, $ .50

No. 2, " with slate, pocket, flap and mem. .75

No. 3. Full Leather, " " " 1.00

No. 4, " Morocco, " " *' 1.2&

No. 5, " Russia, " '* " 1.60

No. 6, " RussiaCalf," " " 2.00

Nos 3, 4, 5 and G have renewable diaries. Nos. 5 and 6
are gilded. Sent post paid, on receipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

popular

Address,

manner. r2mo, clotli. Price, post-paid, Sl.OC
, CHAS. H. MAllOT, 814 Chestnut Street,

PhUa.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY .SAMUEL B. PAR-SONS.

A treatise on the Propagation. Culture and History of the
Rose. Illustrated. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price $1.50. Sent
by mail post-paul on roceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henry T. Williams.

Devoted specially to the Cidture of Flowers and Ornamental
Plants for In-door use and Parlor Decoration. Splendidly illuf!-
tr.ited. 300 pages, mod. 8vo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

811 Che'tnut St.. Phila.

BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

Ity Josiali IIoopos.

A practical treatise ou the Conifera; or Cone-bearing plants.
Himdaomely illustrated. 435 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $5.00.
Sent by mall post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

SUChcstuutat., Phi.a.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

25

^CUT FLO WERSj^ Apple Seedlings

and ROOT CRAFTS

ROSE BUDS : CAKNATIONS, VIOLETS, UOtJVAK-
DIAS, SMILAX, &c. Price on applioiition. VERBENAS,
30 choice named varieties, S3.00 per 100. Address.

J. L. DILLON, Florist,

tmyl2 BLOOMSBURC, PA.

APPLBTON'S

Anerican Cyclopailia.

New Revised Edition 16 vols. Large Octavo Volumes, e^ch

volmue containing over Soo pages, fnliy iliustiated with several

thousand wood engravings, and with numerous colored Lltho-
graphlc Maps, the whwie costing the pubiisheis a sum exceedinq
$500,000, exclusion of Paper, Printing and Binding,
Prices and Styles of Binding:

Extra ciolh. the 16 vols., for S 80 00

Library leather, " " ..' 9600

Half Turkey Morocco, 16 vols., for 117 00

Half Russia, extra gilt> " " 1280©

Full Russia, " '' 16000

Full Morocco, antique gilt edges 160 00

A UNIVERSAL LIBRARY IN ITSELF.
Sent free of transportation and securely packed to any part of the
United States, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT 814 Chestnut St.

(OUT OF PKINT.)

A few more copies left at 50 cents. Mailed, post paid on
receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

The Floral Kingdom

Its History. A Dictionary of more than 300 Flowers, with
the Genera and Family to which they belong and the
Language o£ each. Illustrated by appropriate Gems of
Poetry and a particular Treatise on the Cultivation and
Analysis of Plants. 4oO pages, on heavy tinted liigbly cal-
endered paper, and red line border w"ith ornamental cor-
ners, splendidly bound, beveled boards, full gilt. A beauti-
ful present. Price, $6.50 by mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL LESSOl^fS IX

Architectural Drawing ;

Or, HOW TO MAKE THE WORKING DRAWINGS AND WRITE

SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDINGS.

BY Wn.TiTAM B. TUTHILL, A.M., Architect.

Illustrated by 33 full page plates (one in colors) and 33
wood cuts, showing Methods of Construction and Representa-
tion, Scale Drawings, Sections and Details of Frame, Brick and
Stone Buildings, witli full descriptions and specifications, show-
ing tiie various forms of writing the same for dilferent
kinds of buildings. Oblong quarto cloth. Price, 82.50, by
mail, post free. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. PhUa.

GARDENING FOR PLEASU^E^

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Greenhouse, Conservatory and "Window-Garden.

Illustrated. 250 Pages. 12mo, cloth. Price Sl.oO. Sent by
mail privi-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut St., Phila.

Largest Stock in the United States. Prices on applica

tion. Address,

BLOOMINGTON NURSERY COMPANY,

tja2 Bloom ing:t on, Illinois.

'S

rJElAT EDITION

NOW IN STOCK.

SOLD ONLY* BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
Tree Dealers, &c., for the United .States. Alphabetically
arranged by States and Post Offices. 372 pages, 8 vo. Price,
$10.00. Mailed post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

BARRY'S

Fruit Garden.

NEW EDITION,

REVISED AXD BROUGHT DOWN TO DATE BY

P. BARRY.

Illustrated, pp. .516, fine cloth. Price, S2.50, mailed, post-
age free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Cbestnnt Street, Flilladelphla.

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Bp.njamin S. Williams, F.R.H.S.
Comprising descripiions of 950 choice species and varieties, Brit-
ish and Exouc, with directions for their management in the Tropical,
Temperate and Hardy Fernery, with numerous beautiful full-page
illustrations. 353 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, J2. 50. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

ALPINE FLOWERS for ENGLISH GARDENS

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.

An explanation of the principles on which the Exquisite Flora ol
Alpine countries may be grown to perfection in all Parts of the
British Islands, with numerous Illustrations, of Rock Gardens,
Natural and Artificial. 70 Illustrations, 440 pages, crown 8vo, cloth.

Price, $4.^0. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila

HOUSE PLANS FOR^VERYBODY,

FOR VILLAGE AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES, COSTING

FROM S250 TO S8,000.

By S. B. REED, ARCHITECT.

Including full descriptions, and estimate in detail of material, labor,
cost, with many practical suggestions, and 175 illustrations; 243
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, Sl-50 mailed, post-paid on receipt of
Price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

26

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

—PRICES CUT FLOWERS—

For January, 1885.

RnCPC Cooks, SI. 00 per doz. ; Malmaison, La France,

nUOCOa 7oc. per doz.; Mermets, Sl.2.5 per doz.; Perles,
Souv. d'un Ami, Niplietos, (JOe, per doz.; Adam, Bousilene,
Douglas and Mixed Roses, oiic. per doz.; S4.00 per 100 ; Perles
and Souv. d'un Ami, So .id per 100.

Pot*n«i4!nnc White, Red and Mixed Colors, Long

OarildllUlla. Stems, Sl.2.5 per 100.

Mixed Colors,_.Sliort Stems, $1.00 per 100.

Violets.— ^1^

and we sell only our own growing.

We make no"(;harge for ])apking, and our packages will go
1,000 miles by Express in good order.

I C.WOOD & BRO.. Fishkill, N. Y.

I Qmilav Sl.SO^ doz. Flowers

I OlllliaAi cut fresh every day,

UHAS.

Treats of the general man
agreiiientof window-gardens,
kinds of window-boxes and
stands best adapted to
plants, t e m pe r at u r e re-
quired, iiow and when to be
watered, soil and fertilizers
best adapted to them. It
has directions for making
propagating boxes, heating
eases and cold frames, and
gives a carefully-selected list
of only such plants for fur-
nishing small conservatories
as are recommended by long
experience, and which are
distinguished for masses of
dowers, fine leaves, inte'est-
ing habits and easy cultiva-
tion. Its chapter on hang
ingbaskets is full of helpful
aids, for their beauty de-
pends in a great measure
upon the combination of
plants. It devotes another
chapter to the treatment of
differe'^tvarietiesof th** Ivy.
ways of training, etc.; this is
followf^d by c'imbing-p'ants
suited to th*' parlor or win-
dow, and creeper^ for bal-
cony-shields in sum me r.
Lovers of Fern? will appre-
ciate the portion d^'voted
to wardian cases and fern-
eries for those whose houses
are so situated as not to ad
mit sunsihine enough to in-
sure constant b oom in win-
dow-plants, can eDJoy tlie
delicate beauty of a hand-
Bome fernery. 300 pages 26C
Illustrations, cloth bound,
$1.50, post paid. Address

H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO PAINT.

By a Practical Painter ; for the use of Tradesmen,
Mechanics, Merchants, Farmers, and as a Guide to Pro-
fessional Painters. Methods in Plain and Fancy Painting
of every description ; F\jrmulas for Mixing Paint in Oil or
Water, Tools, etc. This Book makes '■''every man hisoum
painter,^''

Full Directions for Using White Lead, Lamp-Black,
Green, Yellow. Brown, Whitnig, Glue, Pumice Stone,
Spirits of Turpentine, Oils, Varnishes, Furniture Varnish,
Milk Paint, Prejiaring Kal.snmino, etc. Paint for Outbuild-
ings^Whitcwasli. Pasti- for Paiicr-llangin^, Hanging Paper,
Graining in < tak. Maple, KuM-wood, lilark Wahiiit, Stainnig,
Decalcomaniu, Making Rustic IMcturcs. Painting Flower-
Stands, Rosewood Polish, Varnishing Furniture, Waxing
Furniture, Clea ning Paint, Paint for Farming Tools,
Machinery, Household Fixtures, etc To Paint Farm
Wagon, Re-Varnish Carriage, make Plaster Casts. Sent
by mail, post paid, for SI, 00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila., Pa.

ZSssay on Roses.

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

Paper, pp. 24. Illustrated. Price, 15 cents.

Mrs. Wellcome writes with enthusiasm, and from a
thorough knowledge, and a considerable experience. All
lovers of roses and all amateur horticulturists will find the
little monograph interesting and suggestive." — Boston
Journal.

Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

-ALPHA PEACH, (Burford's).- —

Introduced by subscriber 3 years ago ; character well es-
tablished here. Grown side by side with Alexander, Ams-
den, Gov. Garland, Brice's Early, Honeywell, Saunders,
Wilder, Waterloo, &c. As large as the largest; unequaled
in quality by any of its class. Color brilliant red, very juicv,
sweet, and bears distant transportation unafiFected. Bear
in //JiMr/, this IS not the "Alpha" sent out a few years ago
from the West, and said to have no merit. Price, single tree
(and top) cut down to two feet, by mail, postage paid, $1.00.
Three trees for S2.00. All orders must be sent in before the
last c)f February, as growing season with us begins about
that time. Addrps«.
*f W. H. BURFORD, Independence. Tate County. MIts.

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day Handbook for the Farm. Full
of Labor-saving devices and Homemade contrivances,
within the reach of all. Contains the best ideas gathered
from a score of practical men in all departments of Farm
Labor. 212 Illustrations, 240 pages, 12 mo, cloth. By mail^
post paid, for 81.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. -814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Being the experience of many practical writers. Bring-
ing together the devices that hundreds of housekeeper*
have found useful in their own homes. The "Conveniences'*
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
ing that they may hghteu the labor and "save steps'* to
many an over-worked housekeeper. 220 Illustrations, 240
pages, 12 rao, cloth. Sent by mail, post paid, for 81.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Orchids of New England.

A Popular Monograph, By Henry Baldwin.

Octavo, 157 pages, 62 Illustrations, fine Enf^lish cloth. Price
$2.50; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

s

Together with Complete Plans and Specifications. Over
100 Engravings of Designs and Plans of Cottages and
Country Houses, costing from KOO to $5,000. By S. B. REED,
Architect, Author of "House Plans for Everybody.*' Cloth.
12 mo, mailed, post-paid, for 81. 2-5. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FRUIT AND BREAD.

A Natural and Scientific Diet.

BY GUSTAV SCHLICKBVSEN.

Translatcdfrom the German by M. L. Holbrook, M. D. Intended
to show what is ihe natural food of man; to lead him to become a
living child of nature; to simplify and beautify his manner of living;
to emancipate woman from the drudgery of the kitchen; to lead to
increased use of fruit; to diminish the use of flesh, and where
possible, to do away with its use altogether; to improve the health
and add to the enjoyments and value of life. Cloth, 250 pages; 12
mo, illustrated. Price, $\. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

THE BLESSED BEES.

BY JOHN ALLKN.

A record of a year's work in Bee-keeping by modern mothodB
liB profits certain and large, and Its pleasures invaluable. In-
tended to difl'use a more general knowledge of Bee-culture.
169 pages, 12 mo. cloth, limp. Price, %\. Mailed postage free»
on receipt of price. Address. (HAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

27

Home prown ami imported, for forcing or the garden,
all the prize varieties, including,

"MERVEILLE DE LYON,"

By the 1000, luO or V2. Descriptive price lists to applicants.
Address,

WILLIAM H. SPOONER,

tjaS Jamaica Plain, BoBton, Mass.

■^TEACHTNG^

AND SELF-TKACHING BY

NATURAL METHODS.

eta.

The New Botany, by Prof. Beal, paper, Price 25

Industrial Eilucation in the Public Schools, by Prof.

Straight, paper 15

How to Use wood-Working Tools, by Geo. Leonard

Chaney, cloth 60

GUIDES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING.
Published under the Auspices of Boston Society of

Natural History.
No. I— About Pebbles, by Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, paper 15
" n— Concerning a Few Common Plants, by Prof.

Goodale, paper 25

" in — Commercial and other Sponges, by Prof. A.

Hyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

" IV — First Lesson in Natural History, by Mrs. Eliza-
beth Agassiz, Illustrated, paper 35

" V — Common Hvdroids, Corals and Echinoderms, by

Prof. A. Hyatt, lilu.'itrated, paper 30

•* VI — MoUusca; Uyster, Clam and other Common

MoUusks, by Prof. A. Hvatt, paper, 111 35

" VII— Worms and Crustacea, by Prof. A. Hyatt, Illus-
trated, paper 35

" XH— Common ilinerals and Rocks, by Prof. W. O.

Crosby, paper 35

Any of above maded post paid on receipt of price.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

The Forester.

BY JAMES BROWN, LL.D.,

Inspector and Reporter' Woods and Forests, Ontario. A
Practical Treatise on the Planting, Rearing and General
Management of Forest Trees. 5tli Edition, Enlarged and
Improved. Profusely Illustrated. Royal 8vo, J^ Roan, pp.
898. Price, 810.00, by mail, post paid. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HOW THE FARM PAYS.

TTie Experiences of 1*0 years of Successful Farming and
Gardening^ by the authors

WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

Profusely Illustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
Price prepaid, by mail ?2.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FOR

YOUNG AND OLD.

The Cultivation of Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden,

BY JOSEPH HARRIS, M. S.

Illustrated, 191 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
11.25, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

~ HOW TO RAISE FRUIT "

By THOMAS GREGG.

A Hand-book of Fruit Culture, being a Guide lo the proper Cul-
tivation and Management ot Fruit Trees, and of Grapes and small
Fruits. 184 page.s, lamo, cloth, fully Hlustrated. Price, |i. 00. Sent
by mail post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St , Phil«.

Raspberry Marlboro, .firc"]afs ^y-
Gooseberry,lndustry,S£;j|;a^-TI^
Grape Niagara, together with a

colored plate ot the Gooseberry free.

EbLWANUEK dk HARRY. „
tt^ Mt. Hope Nnreeries. RocliesCer, N. Y.

THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES,

BT B. J. KENDALL, M. D.

With the real essential information relative to each disease. Will
save many times its cost. Gives cause, symptoms and best treat-
ment of Hiseases. Table with the doses, effects and antidotes of
principal medicines used, and a few pages on action and uses of
medicines. Rules for telling age of Horse and fine engraving show-
ing appearance of the teeth each year. A large collection of valu-
able recipes. Printed on fine paper l\4x5 inches ; nearly 100 pages,
35 engravings. Price, 25 cents. Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt
of price. Address, ,„. „

CHAS H. MAROT. 814 ChestnutStj-ee^.P^ila^

loTtllfflerfcaflSflTa

5 vols., 156 colored plates, in 30 parts:

In parts, unbound ^^ 99

" Half Ti

Full

key Morocco, antique gilt '9 S?

75 00

' Cloth, gilt top 65 00

Address, CHAS. H. MAKOT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Alt of Grafting and Budding

By CHARLES BALTET,
Appropriately and fuUv illustrated by 186 cuts, showing
methods, tools and appliances. Pp. 230, 12 mo. cloth, flexi-
ble. Price $1.25 mailed, postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street Phila.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 pages, fine cloth. Price $1.50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

WINDOW FLOWER GARDEN

By Julius J. Heintich.

Handsomely dlustrated. This work endeavors by a few ^simple
directions for the management of plants and flowers in the window
or conservatory, to show to all members of ihe family, and especial-
ly the children, thai the cultivation of flowers is not difficult and
brings more real enjoyment than many more expensive amusements.

It is intended for all, including children, excludirp technical terms
as far as possible, and giving the most simple directions. 93 pp.,ia
mo, cloth 75c. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt oi price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila

Hand-book of UseMTables

For the Lumberm,an, Farmer and Mechanic, containing ac-
curate tables of logs reduced to inch board measure, plank,
scantling and timber measure ; wages and rent by week or
month ; capacity of granaries, bins and cisterns ; land
measures ; interest taoles, with direction for finding the •
interest on any sum at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 per cent, and many
other useful tables. Revised and enlarged edition, 182 pp.,
25 cents. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

By Edward Spragues Rand, Jr.

Atreatlsoon HaidyandTfnder bulbs and Tubers. 369 pages, i2mo.

cloth. Price, $2.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt oi price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

28

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THE xAMBRIOANx GARDEN.

ESTABI^lSIIED 1S72.

Edited by Dh. V. M. IIEXAMEll.

A Popular Journal of Horticulture. Monthly. Illustrated. Beautifully Printed.
Four Colored Plates During the Year.

It is a real treasure. * » It staiuls in tlie front ranli and
merits success.— iVamAa?^ -P. Wilder.

Witliout exception tlie best paper devoted to general hor-
ticulture.— C. jL. Allen.

Its teachings are sound and practical.— >4m. Agriculturist.

Contains just what the people want, served in the mos.
pal.Ttablo style.— P. T. Quinn. *

Eminently practical, trustworthy and enjoyable. — New
York Tribune.

Very useful.— Gakdeners' Monthly.

ONLY SI.OO A YEAR. SAMPLE COPY, 6 CENTS.

A present is given to every subscriber, including a choice, among 20 others, of a Marlboro Ra.spberry plant
(value fl. 00); pkt of Perfection Pas.sy; pkt Evek-bearing. or Abundance Pe.\ ; jikt Wild (Jarden Seeds,
100 varieties (value $5.00 if bought separately); or choice of 50 cents' worth of Seed.'; from any reliable Seedsman.

f2

E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, New York, and Greenfield, Mass.

MANUAL of the APIARY

By A. J. COOK,

Prof. of Entomology in the Michigan State Agricultural College

286 pp. large 12mo.; 112 Illustrations.

It comprises a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology
of the honey-bee, illustrated with costly wood engravings— the
Products of tlie Honey-Bee ; the Race<» of Bees ; full description
of honey-producing plants, trees, shrubs, etc., splendidly illu-
trated — and last, tliough not least, detailed instructions for the
variousmanipulations necessary in the apiary.

This work is a masterly production, and one that no bee-
keeper, however limited his means, can atJord to do without. It
is fully up with the times on every conceivable subject that In-
terests the apiarist. It is not only instructive, but intensely in-
teresting and thoroughly practical. Within 20 day after this
work was issued from the press, 600 copies were disposed of— sa
sale unprecedented in Bee Literature. Price, 81.25. Mailed
post-paid, on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Pbfla

AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

-wine:

AND

TitAlXXNG.

By George Husmann, Professor of Horticulture in University of
Missouri, with contributions from well-known Grape Growers, givinn

A WIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE,

Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pp., cloth; price, $1.60. Mailed post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

AMERICAN GARDENER'S ASSISTANT.

By Thomas Bridgcman.
Containing complete practical directions for the cultivation of
Vegetables, Flowers, Fruit Trees and Grapevines. Illustrated.
52;l pages, I2mo, cloth. Price $3.50. Sent by mail post-paid on
receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAEOT,

sl4Chei.tButSt., Phila.

HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa Gray, M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structural Eotany^^ with a Popular
Flora, or an arrangenn-ut and description of Common Plants,
^both wild and cultivated. Illustrated with 500 wood engravini,'s.
'233 pages, large I6mo, half-arabesque, paper sides. Price $1 25.
8ent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St.. Phila

THE WILD GARDEN;

Or, Oar GroveB and Shrubberies ma<l«l$cautiful by the
Naturalization of Hardy Exotic I'lants.
By W. ROBINSON, F. L. S.
With Frontispiece. 236 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, 1^2.25.
Mailed postage free, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

DEN N I SONS
CHEAP AND REUABLi

: PATENT
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fOfiSAlEA T THIS Off IC£^

Name of size.

Length.

Width.

Per 1000

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3 In.

IK In.

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1.75

3 P.

4 ••

VA "

2.00

4 P.

45i ■■

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2.60

6 P.

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With Strings 60 cents per 1000 extra. Printing Jl.OO per 1000
extra. Order by numbers.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia

Subtropical Garden;

Or, Beauty of Form in the Flower Garden*

By W. Robinson, F.L.S.

Beautifully illustrated. 241 pages, i2mo, cloth. Price, ^3.75
Mailed, postage free, on receipt of Price
Address. CHAS. H. MAROT_ 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO MANAGE BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS.

By Edmund Wriglev.
Being a Director's Guide and Secretary's A-ssistant, with forms
for Keeping Books and Accounts, also rules, examples and explana-
tions illustrating the various plans of working. 211 pages, i2mo,
cloth. Price, $2.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

HOW TO LAY OUT A GARDEN.

IJy Kdw:*rd Keuip.

A general guide in Choosing, Forming and Improving an Es-
tate (from a quarter-acre to a hundred acres in extent), with
reference to both design and execution. Illustrated with nu-
merous plans, sections and sketches. 403 pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price S2.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of pri e.
Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut .St.. Phila.

"AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

By Suirlky Hibbkrd.
A handy guide to the construction and management of plant
houBes and tlie selection, cultivation and improvement of orna-
mental greenhouBc and conservatory plants. IHuslrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages, cloth, 12mo.
Price $3.00. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

29

GliiUB PiLPJESRS AT NXST PRICKS

»3- SUBJECT TO ANY CHANGES OF RATE THAT MAY BE ANNOUNCED BY THE RESPECTIVE PUBLISHERS. -%»

TO REMIT IN CLUBBING

If you desire to club the GARDENERS' MONTHLY in this list add «1.75 for it.

AU the Year Round $3 90

American Agriculturist 1 10

" " & Cyclopaedia pr. 1 50

" Architect, new SI. -10.. .renew. 1 60
" nairym.an,newS1.2.5,renewals 1 50

" Farmer 00

" Garden and Seed Premium . . S5
" Journal ot Science & Art.... 5 25

" M.achinist 2 30

" Naturalist, new 3.45: renewals 3 (iO

" Poultry Journal & Record 8-5

" Teacher 90

" Journal o£ Philology 2 30

AndoTer Review 2 60

Andrews' Bazar 90

Archives ot Medicine 2 .50

Art Amateur 3 25

Art Interchange 2 60

Arthur's Home Magazine 1 60

Atlantic Monthly 3 35

Babyhood 1 S3

Babyland 45

Bee Keepers' Magazine 90

Blackwood's Magazine, Reprint... 3 00
BostonMed. Journal, advance only 4 25

" Weekly Globe 90

Botanical Gazette 95

Brain, Tlie (quarterly) 3 15

Brainard's Musical World 1 25

British Quar. Review, reprint 3 00

Builder and Woodworker, new. .: . 75
'^ " renewals 90
Canadian Science Monthly 00

Cassell's Family Magazine.

Frank Leslie's Budget, monthly... $1 75

■• Illustrated Weekly.... 3 40

" " Chatterliox. annu'ly .. SO

" " Chimnev Corner 3 40

" " Illustrite Zeitung 3 40

" Popular Moutbly 2 25

" " Pleasant H'rs, mont'ly 1 35

'* " Sunday Magazine 2 25

Gardening World, Loudon 2 65

Friends' Intelligencer 2 35

Gems of Poetry 50

Germ'nt'nTeleg'ph,ren'w$1.65new 1 40

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00

Godey's Lady Book 1 75

Golden Days 2 50

Good Words 2 25

Graphic (Daily), per year 9 25

^* " " 6 mos 5 25

" " " 3 mos 2 75

(Weekly) 2 00

Green's B'ruit Grower 30

Guardian, The, new S2.50. . .renew. 2 80

Hall's Journal of Health 90

Harper's Bazar 3 40

" Magazine 3 20

" Weekly 3 40

" Young People 1 75

Healtli anil Home 35

Heraldnl Health 80

Homt- Companion 35

Household 85

Humboldt Library of Science 1 25

Illustrated Christian Weekly 2 25

Caterer, The, 1

Carpentry and Building 80

Century, The 3 65

Children's Friend 1 10

Christian Register, new S2.25.reii'w 2 95
Christian Union, newS2.25; renew. 2 75

Colman's Rural World I 35

Constitution, Atlanta, 6 mo. 60c, 1 yr 1 15

Contemporary Review, original... 7 00

'' *' reprint ... 4 50

Country Gentleman, advance 2 10

Criterion, The 1 BO

Current, The 3 10

Decorator and Furnisher 3 25

Demorest Magazine I 70

Detroit Free Press, Weekly 1 00

Druggists' Circular 1 40

Eclectic Magazine 4 25

Edinburg Review, original 3 30

" " reprint 3 00

Education, Bi-monthly 3 75

Ehrich's Fashion Quarterly 50

Electrical Review 2 50

Empire State Agriculturalist 40

English Illustrated Magazine 1 .50

" Monthly Reviews, single. . 4 .50
'• " '• the three 12 IJO

" Quarterly " single 3 00

" '• '• the live.. 13 00

Engineering & Mining Journal.,,, 3 25

Farm and Fireside 50

Farm and Garden ^ , . . 35

Farm and Home 40

Farm Journal, Phila.subs.42c; others 30

Farmer's Home Journal 1 25

Farmer's Magazine 35

Farm, Field and Fireside 75

Fireside Comp.&Seaside Library. 2 6.5

Folio (Musical) 1 25

Forest and Stream 3 25

Forestry (London) 2 90

Fortnightly Review, original 7 OO

1 .35 I Illustrated London News .

ludppend't Practitioner (Medic'l), 2 60

Indiana Farmer 1 25

Interior, new subs., SI 90. renewals 2 35

Inter Ocean, weekly 95

" " semi-weekly 2 30

New York .Sun, weekly 8 95

" Fashion Bazar, monthly.. 2 40

" " Herald, weekly 1 00

" " Independent, peryr. only. 2 75
u ti Medical Journal, weekly.. 4 25

" " Times, weekly 1 00

" " Observer, new S2.25, renew 3 15

*' " Times, semi-weekly 2 35

" " Tribune, weekly 110

u u Xribune, semi-weekly 2 10

" ■' Witness, weekly 95

" " World, weekly 1 00

Nineteenth Century, original 7 00

'' " reprint 4 50

Notes and Querries, London 5 75

North American Review 4 25

Ohio Farmer, 6 mos. 80c 1 year 1 20

Our Little Men and Women 80

Our Little Ones* The Nursery 1 .30

Outing and the Wheelman 1 70

Pacific Rural Press, in advance. . . 2 50

Pansy 80

Peterson's Magazine 1 60

Philad'a Weeklv Press 90

WeekWtimes 135

" DaUy ■ " 5 25

" Sund.ay " 1 60

" Medical Times 3 25

Phrenolog'l Jr'nl, pr. S1.85; no pr. . 1 65

Popular Science Monthly 4 20

Popular Science News 90

Poultry Bulletin 95

Poultry Keeper 50

Poultry World 90

Poultry Yard 1 10

Practical Fanner 1 20

Practitioner, The 3 25

Prairie Farmer 1 60

Presb j-terian, in advance only 2 15

daily, including Sunday 1 00 I Progress 2 25

Iron Age, weekly, new subs. only". 4 00

Iron Tiade Review 2 25

Journal of Anatomy (quarterly).. . 5 40

Journal of Education, weekly 2 35

Journal of Materia Medica 70

.louriial of Mycology 1 00

Journal of Speculative Philosophy 2 .50

Kansas Farmer 1 15

Ladies Floral Cabinet 1 05

La Semaine Francaise 4 30

Le Francais 1 75

Library Journal 3 60

Lippincott's Magazine 2 40

Literary World,newSl. 75; renew.. 1 90

Littell's Living Age 7 25

Little Folks 1 30

London Garden 5 -50

London Gardener's Chronicle 6 35

London Gardener's JIagazine 3 75

London Journal of Horticulture.. 4 25

London Quart'ly Review, original. 3 30

'• '• " reprint.. 3 00

Macniillan's Magazine 2 75

Magazine of American History... 4 25

JIagazine of .\rt 3 00

Manufacturer and Builder 1 25

Maryland Farmer 85

Mechanics 2 25

Medical Annals SO

Methodist, The 1 75

Nation, The 2 80

N.ature (weekly) 5 40

New Engl'd Farmer, advance only 2 15

New York Evening Post, daily S 30

" " " " semi-w'kly. 2 80

Puck 4 25

Purdy's Fruit Rec'r.prem. 80c.no pr. 65

Quarterly Elocutionist 90

Quiver 1 35

Reporter, (Law) 9 50

Rural Californian 1 25

Rural New Y'orker,& Seed Prem.. 195

" *' '* no Premium 185

Sabbath Reading 50

Saint Nicholas 2 70

Sanitary Engineer 3 80

Saturday Evening Post 1 40

Science 4 70

Science Record 90

Scientific American 2 75

" " Supplement 4 20

" " A.Supt. together... 6 00
Shorthand Writer <fe Takigrapher 1 25
Southern Cultivator 1 20

London Gardening, Illustrated 1 80 Student 90

Sunday Magazine 2 25

Toledo Blade, Weekly 1 00

Torrey Botanical Bulletin 95

Trade Review 2 50

TJ. .S. OfHcial Postal Guide 1 30

Vick's Illust'd Monthly Magazine. 90

Watchman new $2 25; renew 2 fiO

Western Agriculturist 75

Western Machinist 50

Western Rural 1 55

Westminster Review (reprint).... 3 00

WjdeAwake 2 50

Wine and Fruit Grower 1 65

Woods and Forests, London 3 25

Youth's Companion, new subs 1 50

" " renewals " .... 1 75

reprint 4 50

Report non-receipt of club papers or changes of residence, onl^/ to the Publisher of said paper to insure attention.

Remit by P. O. Order, Draft or Registered Letter. Make Drafts and Checks payable on Middle States, New England
or Baltimore. On Banks west and south of these points, add 25 cts. to each check, to reffxd ArrtTAr. cost of col-
lection CHARGED BY DEPOSIT BANKS. Currency is at lisk of remitter. TERMS CASH WITH THE ORDER. We have
to remit cash to publishers and cannot undertake to keep book accounts tor club papers with subscribers.

Addresa, CHAS, H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

3°

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

ITHE ROSEiWATERMAN'S "IDEAL"

A NEW BOOK
NOW RKA.DY.

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, FamUy Cliaracter-
iBtlcs, etc., of the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELL W ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, 81.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Including a History of the Beet Root Sugar Industry of
Europe, Varieties of the Sugar Beet, Examination,
Soils, Tillage, Seeds and Sowing, Yield and Cost of
Cultivation, Harvesting, Transportation, Con-
servation, Feeding Qualities of the Beet
and of the Pulp, Etc., Etc , Etc.

BY LKWIS S. WARE, C.E., M.E.,

Fellow of L'Ecole des Arts, Agriculture et Manufactures,
Paris; member of American Chemical Society. In one
volume, octavo ; illustrated by 90 engravings. Price, S4.00
by mail, postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BEET ROOT SUGAR

AND CUX.TIVAT10N OF THE BEET.

BY E. B. GRANT.

Including the Sugar supply of the U. S., History of Beet Root
Sugar, Supply of Beets, Cultivation, Cost of Beet Root Sugar in
France, Production in various Countries, Advantages, Method of
Raising, Harvesting, Preservation of Beets, Seed, Manures, Ro-
Ution of Crops, Beet Pulp, Leaves of Beets, Profits, etc. i6 mo.,
cloth, pp., 158. Price, $1.25. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Addres5,CHAS.H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa

THE PEACH;

lis Cinre aM Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ex-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

affected by the " lellows " and other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, 81.00. Paper, 60 cents.
Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowers in the Gardbn and the Housa; giving
HiectSor^s short, sharf and dtcisivchovr to overcome every insect
enemy that infects flowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors,
which troubles window Gardens ; which eats up the vegetables of
the garden; which devours the fruit trees, shrubs and vines, and
lives in the homes of anxious, tired housekeepers. Paper, 100 pages.
Price, 30 cents, postage free.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, ,.,,,,..

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

Truck Farming at the South

A Guide to the Raising ot Vegetables for Northern Markets.

BY DE. A. OEMLER,

Prest. of Chatham Co., Georgia, Fruit and Vegetable
Growers Association. lUuRtrated. 12 mo., cloth, pp. 270.
Price S1.50. Mailed, postpaid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phda.

FOUNTAIN PEN'

The flow of ink is regulated automatically by
the act of writing, and is as free as from a freshly
dipped i»en and much more even. Records and
letters written with. this pen have a uniform color
of ink on every page.

It is the simplest, cleanest, readiest and most
easily managed of all the fountain pens.

There are no air-valves or other machinery, and
consequently nothing to get out of order or to be
adjusted or regulated.

When the cap is removed it is ready to write,
and when the writing is done the cap can be re-
placed and the pen is ready for the pocket.

It writes, according to the size of the holder,
from 10 to 2.5 hours continuously, with one filling ;
and any desired kind, color or quality of ink can
be used.

It uses gold or steel pens of the ordinary forms,
and your favorite pen can be fitted.

The pens in the holders are always wet with
ink, and steel pens are continually rusting or cor-
roding and soon spoil and need to be renewed
whether they have been used or not; and they
always cause more or less decomposition of the
ink. A gold pen never rusts nor does it corrode
the ink. It is always the same favorite pen every
day in the year.

'rhe hard rubber being incorrodible, with a gold
pen there is nothing that can be injured by the
ink, and unless unnecessarily injured they will
last a lifetime. They can be filled and left for
months without being used, and when opened the
ink will flow as readily as if just filled.

We have holders for gold pens of numbers 3 to
8 inclusive, and for tlie common steel pen : also,
an assortment fitted with gold pens ready for use.
PRICES OF HOLDERS WITH GOLD PENS
No. 1— The "Ladies'" size is the smallest, and is
4>4 inches long and .5-16 of an inch in diameter.
It takes a No. 3 or 4 gold pen. Price, $.3.50.
No. 2— The "Gentlemen's" size is 5 inches long
and % of an inch in diameter. It takes a No.
4 or .5 gold pen. It is the most popular and
convenient pocket size. Price, according to
pen 83.50 or f4.00.
No. 3— "The "Medium" size is i\^ inches lone and
7-16 of an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 6
or 7 gold pen. Price, $-5.00.
No. 4— "1116 "Long" size is 6!4 inches long and
7-16 of an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 6
or 7 gold pen. Price, &5..50.
No. 5— The "Large" size is 4K inches long and K
an incti in diameter. It takes a No. 7 or 8 gold
pen. Price, 86.00.
No. 6— The "Mammoth" size is 614 inches long and >^an
inch in diameter. It takes a No. 7 or 8 gold pen. Price,

Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are long tapering "Desk" holders of
same sizes and prices as Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5 respectively.
PRICES OF HOLDERS -WITHOCT FENS.

Nos. land 7 »2 25

Nos. 2 and 8 2 50

Nos. Sand 9 2 75

Nos. 4 and 10 J "2

No. 5 I 25

No. 6 ^^

The length given is with the pen ready for the pocket :
witli the cap on top of holder it is from 1 to 2 inches longer.

The prices given are tor well-finished 14 carat gold pens
ot the smallest size suited to the holder ; 16 carat gold pens,
or pens ot the larger sizes, cost from 50 cents to $1.00 more.
The 16 carat pens are of e.xtra finish as well as qiiality and
are well worth the difference in price. The gold-mounted
holders cost from 50 cents to 81.00 more, according to style.

Silk and Plush lined morocco-covered cases for Nos. 1
and 2 are furnished for 50 cents extra.

In ordering holders it is better to send a sample steel pen
or the gold pen to be fitted.

In ordering holders with gold pens complete and ready
for use, send a sample of writing and a description of the
quality ot pen desired ; that is, whether the pen should be
a long or short nib, of coarse or fine point and of harder
soft flexibility. , . ,

A certificate may be had with each pen, which warrants

the gold pens and holders for five (5) years, and guarantees

both combined as a fountain pen, to give satisfaction on

thirty days' trial or the money will be returned. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

THE HORITCULTURAL ADVERTISER.

31

For Rent for 5 Years

About 8000 feet of Glass. 2000 feet planted in
Roses, fine. 4000 Carnations and Blue Violets in
flower. Large Bankrupt Stock for Sale, very low.
Unlimited Sale for Vegetable Plants in Spring.
One of the Best Opportunities ever offered. Popu-
lation over 20,000. No competition; possession
Immediately. Address,

R. LINSLEY, Meriden, Conn.

NEV/ GRAP^E£& OLD - AN ILLUSTRATED

- A SPECIALITY ^ ^"V."
J.C. BURROW. FISHKILLN.Y

<^COLORADO^

AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.

Its Farms, Fields and Garden Lands.

BY WM. E. PABOB.

lUiistrated, 213 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
$1.50, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Goldfish aod its Cuiture,

BY HUGO MULEBTT.

It is intended in this book to furnish reliable information
for the propagation of the fish in this country and its
proper management in captivity ; propagation and care in
fish ponds, aquariums, <fec.; enemies and diseases, and how
to combat and prevent them. 12mo, cloth, pp.108, illus-
trated. Price, 81.00, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

TALKS ABOUT FLOWERS.

BY MBS. M. D. WELLCOiSIE.

"The author chats of flovrers in a very entertaining and
Instructive manner. Many valuable hints are given to
amateurs respecting the sowing of seeds, rooting of cuttings,
window gardening, insects on plants, etc., etc."— Co/icord
Monitor.

Pp 162 ; octavo, cloth, $1.00 ; paper, gilt, 60 cts. mailed, post
paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

GARDENERS^ICTIONARY.

By Geo. W. Johnson, Eklitor of *' Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
their cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. 1026 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
$'iS)ii. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

KEEPING ONE COW.

Being the experience of a number of practical writers, in a dear
and condensed form, upon the

Management of a Single Milch Cow.
Illustrated, 132 pages, cloth. Price, $1.00, mailed, post-paid, on
«ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

SITUATIONS 'WANTED.

Advertisements under this head must be paid for in advance, witn
the order, at rate of |i.oo for each 36 words per insertion.

BY practical florist ; long experience ; March 1st ; thorougn
in every detail of cut flower business and production of
lilants for market. Timelv correspondence solicited from
any requiring such help. Florist, Box 739, Delaware, Ohio.

JAMES MORTON, Torrington, Conn., desires a re-engage-
ment where a thoroughly practical, experienced man is
required. Single, age 30 ; good general knowledge of all
things pertaining to horticulture. Private place preferred.

BY an Englishman, married, no family, 2.5 years' experi-
ence as a florist and in private places. Is a successftxl
rose andgrape grower and thorough in all work. Gardener,
Box 97, Fishkill Village, N. Y.

BY a iirst-class gardener ; either private or commercial.
Understands forcing roses .and growing of cut flowers
generally. Address, care Craig & Bro., 49th and Market
Sts., PhiUadelphia.

AS gafdener, English, 25 years experience: Grapes, Peaches,
Roses, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Lawn, Flower and
Vegetable Garden. Can be married if m.arried man is wanted.
Highly recommended. A. Fletcher, 104 Park Place, Akron, O.

AS gardener, has thorough practical knowledge in early and
late forcing of Fruits, i lowers and Vegetables, and the
general routine of a gentleman's place. English : married ;
age 22. Address, G. Pedrick, Lock Box 105, Ann Arbor, Mich.

AS gardener, 15 years in largest private and commercial
places. Single, would take cottage with mother. First-
class references. Address, stating particulars, Frederick Ja-
coby, care employer, Peter Henderson, Jersey City, N. J.

AS gardener ; Scotch, middle age, married, no incumbrance.
Is thorough practical in all branches and well recom-
mended by last employer. J. H., care A. D. Cowan, Seeds-
man, 114 Chambers St., N. Y.

BY a young inan lately from "Bull's" Nursery, London.
Situation in the " Houses " on a first-class private place.
Eight years' experience in good places. N. A, care of 1. A.
Shaffield, 205 Penna. Ave., Washington, D. C.

BY competent man as gardener ; to take charge of gentle-
man's place. Fully understands all branches of the
business ; honest and reliable. Snigle ; has good references,
G. OUey, General P. C, Philadelphia.

BY' thorough practical gardener ; 12 years' experience grow-
ing and forcing plants and bulbs. Good (jropugator and
rose grower. Foreman or similar preferred. Single, Ist-class
references. Florist, 11 East 1st .St., New Y'ork City.

AS rose grower or general manager ; 20 years' experience in
all departments of horticulture in some of the largest
private & commercial establishments in Europe & America.
Excellent testimonials. R. K., Box 419, Washington, D. C.

BY Ist-class gardener ; private place ; 20 years' experience
under glass & out-doors. Skillful designer & draughts-
man. Not afraid of hard work. Highest testimonials from
present employer. M., care Craig & Bro., 49th & Market, Phila.

Situation as Gardener or Florist. Good
practical experience in all branches: unex-
ceptionable references ; 17 years in U. S ; 14
years in two places. The past year in a
Seedsman and Florists' store. Good maker up ; has fair
knowledge of Seeds. Good Orchid grower, and has grown
Ericas succesfullv in this countrv. Address,

W. H. 546 Jefferson St., Milwaukee. Wis.

m m

A paying greenhouse business. Best Loca-
tion in tne West. Athlress.

W. S. SAWYER & CO.,
stf Lincoln, Neb,

GARDENING BY MYSELF.

By Anna Warner.

Containing Hints and Experiences under heading of Pach
month in the year. Illustrated. 16mo, 223 pages, cloth. Price
81.25. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPBOVEMENT,

BY WM. ROBINSON.

Price, 7ocenu.
Phlla.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages. Cloth
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price.

CHAS. B. MAROT, 814 Cheatuat St.

32

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Index to Advertisements. j

Send orilers earUi as possible. Clianges of copy must be in
by loth. JVew orders received after 22d of inoutli cannot be in-
sured insertion in next issue. Fly-leaf copy (new or chanqes) |
must beiu bylfiWi. For Ailvertising Rates see 2a cover page.

Allen C. E., Brattleboro, Vt H I

Allen VV. S., New Yorii 6 I

Barnes O. M., Lansing, Mich - 14 j

Benson Martin. Swan' wick, Ills Fly-le.af page 2

Benz Albert, limmhiston, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Blanc A., IMliladellillia 18

Bloomington Nursery Co., Bloomington, Ills 2-i

Boelimer Louis, Yokohama, Japan U

BonsallJoseph E., Salem, O 19

Brackenridije, A., Govanstowu, Md 1.5

Bridgeman Alfreil, New York 14

Burford \V. H., Independence, Miss 26

Burpee W. Atlee & Co., Philadelphia 17

Burrow J. G., Fishkill, N. Y' 31

Business Directory 11

Cannody J. D., Evansville, Ind 12

Cole M. & Co., Atlanta, Ga 17

Collins J. S., Moorestown, N. J 32

Cowen N. & Son. New York 32

Crosscup& West Eng. Co., Philadelphia 17

Crown Manufacturing Co., Cincinnati, O 18

De Witt Bros., Bristol, Pa 16

Dillon J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa 2.5

Dingee & Conard Co., West Grove, Pa 4

Dreer Henry A., Phil.adelphia 6, 16, 18

Dudley Bros., Parke rsburg, W. Va 18

Elliott Benj. A., Pittsburgh. Pa 8

Ellis C. R., New York 32

EHwaneer <s Barry, Rochester, N. Y 2.3, 27

Engle & Bro., Marietta, Pa 19

Erumann J. C, Armstadt, Germany 17

Evans Chas. F., Philailelphia, Pa 13

Everett T. B. &Co., Boston, Mass 11

Exeter Machine Works, Boston, Mass *.4th cover page

Eergnssoh David & Sons. Phiiadelphia .22

Ferry D. M. & Co., Detroit, Mich.: 14

Foster P. H., Babylon, N. Y' 23

Gregory James J. H., Marblehead, Mass 21

Hale Brothers, South Glastonbury, Conn 11

Hallock V. H., Son & Thorpe. Queens, N. Y 13

Hance & Borden. Red Bank, N. J 20

Handel H. H., Blaine, O 16

Heinl John G., Terra Haute, Ind 16

Henderson Peter & Co., New York 3

Hitchings & Co., New York 5

Jenkins J., Winona, Ohio 11

.losselyn Geo. S., Fredonia, N. Y 11

Kif t Joseph, West Chester, Pa 17

Knabe A\ illiam & Co., New York 4th cover page

Knauth, Nachod <k Kulme. New York 1.5

Ijandreth D. <fc Sons, Philadelpliia Fly-leaf page 2

Lang A. M., Cove Dale, Ky 18

Lee (feShepard. Boston, Mass 16

Libby E. H., New Y'ork and Mass 28

Linsley R. Meriden. Conn 31

Lovett J. T., Little Silver, N. J 17

Mann H. W., Stoughton, Mass 18

McAllister F. E., New York 32

Meehan Thomas, Germantown, Phila 1:^,17

Mensing & Stechcr, Rochester, N. Y' 20

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass 11

Munson T. V., Denison, Tex j 16

Nauz & Neuner, Louisville, Ky 13, 24

Niagara White Grape Co., Lockport, N. Y 14

Parsons R. B. & Co., Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Parsons &. Sons Co. ^''lushing. N. Y 4th cover page

Pinney Geo.. Sturgeon Bay, Wis hi

Raoux C, New Y^ork , 8

Rolker August & Sons, New York 3, S

Saul John, Waslungton, D. C 16, 18

Sawyer W. .S. & Co., Lincoln, Neb 31

Schultheis Bros., New York 14

Seal Thomas F., ITnionville, Chester Co., Pa 11

8hore James, rM-riniintown. Phila 11

Smith David. Boston, Mass 7

Smith Win. H., Philadelphia 16

Spooner William H., Boston, Mass 27

Stewart Wm. J., Philadelphia and Boston 11

Btillwell Chas. R., Gravesend, L. L, N. Y 11

Storrs tSi Harrison Co., Painesville, O 12

Stralton & Storm, New York 18

Studer Nicholas, Washington, D. C 22

Swain R. A., Philadelphia 9

Thorburn J. M. it Co., New York Fly-leaf page 1

Transon P. & E.. Orleans, France 15

True & Co., Augusta, Maine .14

Van Qeert A., Ghent, Belgium 20

Vanhome, GrilTen & Co., New York 3d cover page

Vaughan J. C, Chicago, 111 Fly-leaf page 2

Vick James, Rochester, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Waterer H., Philadelphia 16, 18, 19

Weathered Thomas W., New York 10

Welch Bros.. Boston, Mass 11

Wood I. C. & Bro., Fishkill, N. Y 26

York Nursery Co., Fort Scott, Kan Fly-leaf page 2

Young Thomas, Jr., New Y'ork 11

For Situations Wanted, see page 31.

F. E. McAllister,

SEED MERCHANT,

29 and 31 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK.

Otfois for Florists' use the following seeds ;

Balsam, White Perfection, per oz %l 00

Candytuft, Pure White, per oz 15

Centaurea candidissima, per 1000 seeds 1 00

" gymnocarpa, per oz 1 50

Cineraria candidissima, per oz 2 00

Bellis perennis, White or Ked, per oz 5 00

Pansy, Giant Tricandeau, per packet 25

Petunia, Blott^hed and Striped, per oz 1 00

Phlox Drumxnondi nana coinpacta,5 sorts, per 500 seeds 50

" *' grandiflora, mixed, per oz 100

Pyrethrura, Golden Feather, per oz 1 00

Salvia splendens, per oz 2 00

Sniilax, per oz 2 00

Vinca, 3 sorts, each, per oz 75

Verbena, American, White or Scarlet, per oz 2 50

BAS£
URNING
OILERS,

FOR HEATING
DWELLINGS,
GREENHOUSES.

WATER TANKS, &C.

mhl2

C. B, ELLIS, 182 Ctnto St„ New M.

1,999,999

Stra'wberries, Raspberries,

Currants, Grapes,

including the Older tested and New Varieties,
MAY KIN6, MARLBORO, EARLY CLUSTER, FAY, NIAGARA.
Peach and other Fruit Trees.

COMET, KIEFFER. LE CONTE,

&c., &c. /2sm

SEND FOR CATAIiOGUE. f ^ '^l

JOHN S, COLLINS, is rf

MOOKESTOWN, N. J.

\:S

mm

\

In a prosperous town
in Western New
York of over 10,000
inhaliitants. Three
Greenhouses — one
22.^80, and two 11x80,
rlv new, Heated l)v hot water. Ho\ises now well

stocked and bringing retnrns everyday. Central location.

Address, Box 13G3, Hornellsville, N. Y. f2

I GREENHOUSES, CONSERVATOEIES, 3
x GRAPERIES, HOT-HOUSES, HOT-BEDS, ^

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w N. COWEN & SON, Q

£207 Canal St., New York. 2
saivniixsa -ssvio oNizna auo jaacA

For GREENHOUSES. GRAPERIES, CONSERVATORIES,
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VANHORNE, GRIFFEN & CO.,

IMPORTERS OF FRENCH WINDOW GLASS, ALSO AMERICAN WINDOW GLASS. t.aii
131. 133. 135 & 137 Franklin St., New York City.

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS. FERNS OF KENTUCKY.

By a. S. Packard, Jk., M.D.
Also a Treatise on those Injurious and BENEnciAi. to
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on receipt of price. Address,

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DRAINAGE FOR HEALTH,

OR

Easy Lessons in Sanitary Science.

Bj JOSEPH WILSON . M.D.. Medical Director U. S. N.
pages, octavo. Copiously illustrated. Price |i.oo, mailed,
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CRANBERRY CULTURE.

BY JOSKPH J. WHTTK

Embodying in plain and concise manner all the useful and

Sractical facts which study and experience have yielded to
le inquiring Cranberry grower of the present time. 126
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A MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BT ISAAC P. TILLINOHABT.

Containing the experiences of the author in starting all those
kinds of vegetab'es which are most difficult for a novice to produce
fit>m seed; with the best methods known for combating and repell-
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BY JOHN WILLIAMSON.

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HOW TO READ

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WORKING MAN'S WAY TO WEALTH.

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A prictical treatise on Building Associations, what they arg, and
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Address. CHAS. H. MAROT,

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INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

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With copious descriptive contents and indei. Ulujtrated.
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I Architects'andBuildersTocket Companion

AND PRICE BOOK,

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Consisting of a short but comprehensive epitome of Decimals, Duo-
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THE EXETER

H[llTING_APPft^RATUS,

GREENHOUSE HEATING
A SPECIALTY.

Our systems comprise Hot Water
Heatingi Steam Heating, and the
combination of Steam and Water.

OVER lOOQ BOILERS IN USE.

Exeter MacMne Works

19 Federal St., Boston, aod Eieter, N. H,

We solicit correspondence from
any party contemplating a change
in their apparatus^ fti2

THE OI^D

R. B. Parsons & Co.

N

urseries,

Flu

snine.

AND OUT BUILDINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designs to suit every taste andpocket.
257 Ulustrations, 235 pages, 12 mo. cloth, price, 81.50. Mailed,
postpaid onreceipt of price. Address,

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Kissena Nurseries.

Trees and Plants.

Parsons & Sons Co.,

LIMITED.

Flushing, N. Y.

Trees and Shrubs,

In lart,'*' quantity, an'! In price and quality very desir
able fi)r tile UMe of Dealers and Landscape Gar<ieners
CataUitfues free, address P.O. Box tiO:;, FIusliiuK. N. T.

HARDY ROSES—StioDg, out-door plants, $t2 per lOO.

BEECHES— Purple, Weepinc,Cut^leavcrt,(ito7 it. $60 pel- 100.

CLEMATIS— Fine Sorts, $30 per 100.

FLOWERING SHRUBS in Variety at low rates. H

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to afford Information concerning the Planting
and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit : and giving
.Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and Conditions
of the United States.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH. PH.D..

Chief of Forestry Divi.sion, Department of .\griculture,
Washington, D. C.

Large 12ino, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, S2.00. Will
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dS

PIANOFORTES.

UNBQDALLED IN

Tone,ToDcli,Worl[maiisliiii ui MM\\i

WII.I.IAH KNABE A CO.

Nos. 204 and 306 West Baltimore Street,
Baltimore. No. 112 Fifth Avenue, N. Y.

EDITED BY THOMAS MEEHAN.

Vol, XXVU. No. 315.

(Combined Magazines, Fortieth Year.)

MARCH, 1885.

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

8^1

^iipi"'

,-xxi-^"^^

rs-iitoraii at th« Post Office, at Philadelphia, Pa., as aecond-class matter. J

^^

^1

||K|»^

i^^rn^

\wk

w

P^

^ral

t.-'Si-^

^^V

Irvr^lC^^

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1^^ *

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kWmi

cT?^^

.v«:;;:i

f-AJir

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

It is published on the first of every month at the office, No. 814 CHESTNUT STREET,
PHILADELPHIA, Where all BUSINESS relating to subscription or advertising should be addressed.

Igg" Communications, Copy and Packages for the Editor should be addressed to THOMAS
MEEHAN, GEBMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE. POSTAGE PAID, $2.00.

Subscriptions discontinued only on notice to that effect.

ADVERTISING RATES IN THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY:

i^ coL yi col. '/i col. % col. }i col. 1 col. 1 p«%B,

or or or or or or or

12 lines. 16 lines. 2i lines. 32 lines. 48 Unes. 96 lines. 192 lines.

One Insertion S3.00 S4.00 85.S0 87.00 810.00 818.00 835.0O

Two Umes, each 2.90 3.90 6.00 6.80 9.00 17.00 33.0O

rhree " •• 2.80 3.75 4.75 6.65 8.60 15.60 3O.0O

rour " ■< 2.70 3.60 4.50 6.30 8.10 14.40 37.00

Five " " 8.55 3.40 4.35 6.95 7.65 13.60 35.60

Six " " 2.35 3.16 3.93 5.60 3.06 12.45 23.5U

Seven « " 3.20 2.96 3.65 6.16 6.60 11.76 28.0O

Eight " " 2.05 2.76 3.45 4.80 6.15 10.95 20.6O

Kino " " 1.90 2.46 3.20 4.46 5.70 10.15 18.85

Ten " " 1.75 2.30 3.85 4.06 6.25 9.30 17.46

Eleven " " 1.60 2.15 2.65 3.75 4.80 8.55 16.1.1

Twelve " " 1.60 2.00 2.60 3.60 4.50 8.00 16.0O

Twelve lines nonpareil is i^ col. A less space than i4 col. will be furnished at same rate per line as 14 col.
For space on FLY-LEAF and COVER PAGES, also FIRST PAGE advertisements facing last reading page, 20 per
cent, advance on above rates will be charged.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia

CONTENTS OF THE MARCH NUMBER.

BBASONABLE HINTS :

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.
COMMUNICATIONS :

A New Double Bon Silene

Carpet Bedding at the Government Grounds, Ottawa,

Can

Notes on Begonias

William Francis Bennett Rose

Canna Iridifinra Ehemanni

Notes on New Plants

The Carnation Disease

Gas Tar

The Insect Problem

A Hundred Bushels of Apples from One Tree

Grape Rot

English Gooseberry

Empire State Grape

Zinc Labels

Introduction of New Vegetables

Facts in Forestry

Soil Analysis

Trees Growing Through a Tombstone

My Second Visit to Lorillard's Gardens

Lines on Dr. Warder

Personal Experiences in the Life of a Gardener

Special Premiums of the Massachusetts Horticultural

Society

Floral Notes from New Orleans Exhibition

The New York Chrysanthemum Show

65

66

EDITORIAL NOTES :

Tall I^te-flowering Pajonies— I-ilium Leichtlini,
Hook. fil. — The Japanese, or Ranianas Rose — Iris
juncea— Horticulture as an Element in Progress.. 67-69
Improving Garden Flowers — Cypripedium grande
— Heating anil Gl.azing at Rcebrer Brothers, Lan-
caster, Pa. — Dinner-Table Decoration 73-76

American Apple Tra<le— Corner in Oranges — Cel-
ery. Early Arlington 79

Root Fungus — Professor of Forestry in Michigan —

Profitable Timber Trees 81-82

Davallia Fijiensis plumosa 83-85

Should Horticulture be Taught in our Public
Schools? — Duncan Rhind — Dr. Asa Gray — Mr. Se-
reno Watson— Lithography in the Nursery Busi-
ness— George C. Briggs — Select Extra-tropical
Plants — How to Propagate and Grow Fruit — State
Board of Horticulture of California, Annual Re-
port tor 1883— Palmer's Monthly 91-83

American Pomological Society— The Pennsylvania
Horticultural Association — Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society : Death of Mr. Downing 9ft

SCRAPS AND QUERIES :

Coning of Cedar ot Lebanon— Grass for Sandy

Ground 69

Gas Tar in Greenhouses— Ravages of the Rose

Bug— The Double Oxalis 76

The Cut-leaved English Blackberry— Vine Culture

in America 80

Can Plants Sleep for Centuries ? — Immediate In-
fluence of Pollen on Fruit — Cedar Vine— How to

Hybridize- Wax-berry Candles 85-8T

Reminiscence of A. J. Downing — Honorable
Names to Plants— Origin of the name Persimmon 93-94

FLOWER GARDEN & PLEASURE GROUND. .. 65-69

GREENHOUSE AND HOUSE GARDEINING 69-7S

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDENING 77-80

FORE.STRY 80-82

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE 82-87

LITERATURE, TRAVELH A PERSONAL NOTES. . 87-94
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES 94-96

Fly-leaf.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

A Siall Lisl of ?alMl)le Flower Seeds for Florists.

lb.

Ageratum, Blue " Little Gem *' 9-5 00

Alyssum, Sweet-scented 2 50

Balsam* JUouble White S 00

' ' " Crimaoii 8 00

Calendula Off. "Meteor " 1 50

"^^ filcula. Single Yellow

Candytuft, New Giant White . ..

Ceutaureacandidissima, ^ 1000 seeds 7oc ...

" grymnocarpa

Gaillardia picta Lorenziaua, 5 00

Lavatera arborea variej^ata

IVIiguouette, " Golden Queen " 3 00

'* "Crimson Queen " 3 00

"Prizetaker'* 300

■' '• Miles' Spiral " 4 00

"Machet," entirely tiistinct
and l.>est lor pots. It is a new French

sort, very <l\viirt

Pansy, Large French •* Odier "

Papaver unibrosum, rich vermillion, with

shiny bhick S])ot

Portulaca. finest Mixed Donble

Salvia splendens

Smilax (Myrsiphyllum) 24 00

oz.

pkt

sn

05

30

05

75

10

75

10

^■'t

05

75

05

ion

10

4 00

25

lOO

10

50

10

2 00

25

30

05

30

05

30

05

■10

05

2 50

2.5

10 00

50

75

10

5 00

10

200

10

2 00

25

J. M. THORBURN & CO.,

15 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK.

Just Received! Fresh Seeds of LATANIA BORBONICA. Per lb. 75 cents.

SECOND-HAND BOOKS

BY MAIL ON RECEIPT OF PRICE.

SPEAK QUICKLY IF YOU WANT THEM.

Say in your order, " Second-Hand List."

Allen^s Domestic Animals

" Rural Architecture

Beet Root Sugar, Grant

BickneU's Village Builder & Supplement, Fol. (plates)

Brackett's Farm Talk

Breck's New Book of Flowers

Bridgeman's American Kitchea Gardener

Butler's Family Aquarium

Coles American Veterinarian

Coultas' Principles of Botany

Downicg's Cottage Residences

" Landscape Gardening and Rural Archit. .

'* Rural Essays , - .

Enimon's Agriculture of N. Y., 3 vols. 4to, plates. &c.
Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Gardener's Companion..

Fulton on Peach Culture

Grape Culture and the Strawberry, Buchanan

Green and Congdon's Botany, Q,uarto. Illustrated

Guide to the Orchard, Floy

Half-hours in the Green Lanes, Taylor, Illustrated

Harris on Injurious Insects, colored plates

Hayne's American Farrier

Hey's Mrs., Sylvan Musings, 23 col. plates, full calf

Hoffey's .\. A. Pomologist (Dr. Brlnkle) 36 col. plates.

Quarto

Hooper's Western Fruit Book

Klippart's Land Drainage

Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants & Fl'rs, col. plates, full calf.
Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants & Flowers, col. plates, cloth.

Liebeg's Turners' Chemistry, 1394 pp., 8vo

Lyman's Cotton Culture

MacDonald's Food from the Far West

Merrick's Strawberry Culturist

S 75

1 00

1 00

6 50

50

1 45

50

50

50

50

1 25

450

385

15 00

1 00

1 2.5

75

1 50

1 00

1 75

550

25

500

300
1 00

50
1 25
6 00
450
350
1 10
200

60

Mcintosh's Orchard, with colored plates

Minot's Land and Game Birds of MewEngland, Hl'd. .

New American Gardener

Paxton's Hort. Register, 2 vols, in one (ia31-1833)

Philadelphia Business Directory, IfeSJ, Boyd

Prince on the Vine

Prince's Pomological Manual

Raddatz's Management of the Dairy

Randall's Sheep Husbandry

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden, cloth

" " " ^ tky, gilt edges

Riddell's Architect, folio, liyixl7}4 (col. plates)

Stewart's Stable Book

Studies, by J. A. Dorgan

Talpa, or Chronicles of a Clay Farm

Taylor's Bee Keepers Manuel, Illustrated

The Plant, a Biography, 5 col. plates and 13 wood eng's

Thompson's, The Food of Animals

Thomas' Fruit Culturist

Todd's How to Make Farming Pay

TuU's Horse-hoeing Husbandry

Turners Cotton Planters Manual

Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler

Waring's Elements of Agriculture

Wendell's American Poultry Guide

M^illiam's Window Gardening

WoodrulTs Trotting Horses of America .'

Yale .\gricultural Lectures '.

Young Angler Illustrated

83 00
250
75
1 00
75
76
75
10

1 25

2 25
260

10 00

1 25

7S

75-

1 50'
260

75-
175

2 00
1 00
1 10'
1 50'

75
10'

1 25

2 00
50
75

Address, CHAS. H. MAKOT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

[Fly-leaf.

LAISTDRETHS^ EXTRA EARLY PEAS

All who plant early Peas should procure our stock, which we intro-
duced in the year 1823, and have to-day in their original purity. This
special type or breed is the earliest, the purest, the most productive^
the most palatable. In our trial grounds the past season we tested 125
samples of Peas from various sources. LANDRETH'S EXTRA
EARLY were the first to bloom and the first to ripen for the table.
8end for Catalogue.

D. LANDRETH & SONS,

31 & S3 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

CA.T.A.Z.OG-XTE: OF

Seeds tTools

FOR GARDENERS and FLORISTS,
NOW READY.

J. C. VAUGHAN, 42 La Salle Street, Chicago, Ills.

i*

^^€^mm

OXJIIDE

A beautiful work of 150 pages, Colored Platp, and 1000 illus-
trations, with descriptions of the best riuwerH and Vege-
tables, prices of Seeds and Plants, and bow to grow them.
Printed in English and German. Price only 10 cents, which
mav be deducted from firet order. It tells what you want for
theGiU'lcn, and howtn s^t it instead of runnins to the grocery
at the hist iiionienl to buy « hali'ver seeds ure left over, meeting
with ilisappoinlmeiil afirr Wi-rks of waiting:.

BUY oNI.y Vn KS SKKIlS AT HEADQUARTERS.

THICK'S TLLTJSTRATED "\ /TONTHLY "\ rAGAZINE, Colored Plate in every

\ luim- Xb»^'r.nndnianv ^Vl tiii(ilhis-i.>ltratioTi^. Price, S1.2r> a year; Five copies

(m- V» SpF'cinitMi nnnibers lu cts ; ;; uial copies 25 rt.s. We will send to one address Vick's

Magazine and anv one of the following publications at the prices narii.-d b.-low-really two niapazinos lU the

. price of one— Centurv. M.'»fl; Harper's Monthly, H*"J ; St. Ni<lii.ias. ?;i.r.n: (iood Cheer. :?l.e.>; or \\ide Aw«ke.

Good Cheer, and Vict's Magazine for $3.00. JAMES VICK, Rochester, N, Y,

TWENTY THOUSAND ACRES IN SMALL FRUITS.

One vast Nursery of young vines, plants, etc The undersigned can furni^^h thousands of

Strawberries, Raspberries, Blackberries, Vines and other Nursery Stock,

propagated from those fruits that have been tested, and proved of highest market value. Twenty years' residence in
vineland insures a kno^vledge of the best varieties to grow. ( 'orrespondence solicited and prices given on application.

Address

PIERPONT WILLSON, Nurseryman and Florist, VINELAND, N.J.
INSECT LIVES; or, Born in Prison, GAGTAGEOUS PLANTS

BY J0I.IA P. BALLARD

A practical book for the Clulilien, tending to interest
them in Natural History through this attractive branch of
it. This book answers in a natural manner the queries :
How shall we interest children '.' How shall we most inter-
est them 7 How shall we 6es( interest them. 97 pp., square
12mo, cloth, profusely and handsomely illustrated. Price,
SI. 00, by mail, postrpaid. Address,

CHAS. FT. MAROT. m4r'beBtnutSt.,Phila.

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Royal Uardens, Kew.
12 mo. cloth. 93 pages with numerous illustrations. Price,
5iJ cents ; by mail, prepaid.
iJHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Grand Collection of all the Best Varieties, om-
bracing the latest Novelties, Separate and In Mix-
ture. Strictly First-class Seed only. Send for New
Seed Price List, Issued February 1st. all

ALBERT BENZ, Douglaston, N. Y.

■ SKB FIBST FAGS FA0LN6 OOTBB.'SI.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. 3

Novelties in Plants.

New Ageratum, White Cap. Splendid white, 8 inches high 12.00 l^ doz.

•' " Cope's Gem. Finest dark blue, 8 inches high 2.00

" Carnation, " Scarlet Gem." Vivid scarlet, dwarf habit, profuse bloomer. The finest

of its color 2.00 •'

" Coleus. Set 12 for 1885. A superb and distinct collection 2.00 ^ set.

" Hardy Daisy, "Crimson Button." A fine market plant 8.00 f 100.

" Eucharls Candida. The free-tloweriug variety, 4-iuch pots 3.00 V" doz.

" Nicandra Physaloides. Porcelain blue flowers, 2 inches in length, beautiful 3.00 "

" Hollyhock, " Crimson Pyramid." Grows only 18 inches high, completely covered

with semi-double scarlet crimson flowers. Finest novelty of the season 3.00 "

" Hardy Forcing Pink, " Snow." Pure white, fringed flowers, 1^ inches across ; clove

fragrance 8.00 V 100.

" " " " Annie Boleyn. Crimson and white, fringed and fragrant, two

inclies across 8.00 "

" Salvia, Mrs. E. Mitchell. Distinct and beautiful, crimson purple, habit of S. splendens 3.00 f doz.

'■ Verbenas (1885). Set of 12 magnificent varieties 2.00 f set.

" Tea Rose, "Sunset." 2i-in., |16.00 ; 3-in., f 25.00 ; 4-in., $85.00 ; 5-in., $50.00 ; G-in. 75.00 f 100.

General Wholesale List sent free on application.

PETER HENDERSON,

3S & 37 Cortlandt Street, New York.

UGUSTKOLKER<!^

P. 0. Box 899. 44 DEY STREET, New York,

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF

BASKETS, WIRE DESIGNS

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,

IMPORTERS OF

SEEDS and BULBS

SEED PRICE LIST FOR 1886 NOW READY, AND MAILED TO THE TRADE ON APPLICATION.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Roses for Florists.

We make a special business of growing and distributing Roses, and believe we
offer the LARGEST and MOST COIVIPLETE STOCK of ROSES in AIVIERICA. ALL ARE
ON THEIR OWN ROOTS. No budded or grafted Roses are sent out.

SI ^m ^^ ^^ |F* p I Jk lUnr ^^ \^e ofTer but oue Rize of Koses, stroDg vigoruus plant«, from
lAat ^J\ r^LsAN I Wb ^i^-inch pot8. They are thrifty. weH matured, heavily
rooted plants— ready fo go into 4-iiich pots. Kverv order, large or snaall, is carefully selected from the
largest and best on liand at the time.

PI PAN ANH 94PAI THY OX^'^ roses are kept clean and in good

wLLMIl Mllli nunL I n I . growing condition through the whole season,
so that Florists can replenish their stock whenever it is convenient to do bo.
We ship safely at all seasons— no danger from heat or frost.

IMPRRT/iNT Tn RIIYFRQ our roses are not forced, but are grown

imrunimii lu uu i i_no. in ordinary soil, without manure or any

STIMULATING PROCESS WHATEVER; THEREFORE THEY REQUIRE NO NURSING, OR EXTRA
CARE, BUT GROW OFF STRONG AND HEALTHY, AND COME QUICKLY INTO BLOOM
FLORISTS SAY OUR ROSES GIVE BETTER SATISFACTION THAN ANY OTHERS THEY CAN BUY

PFiicss OF GE:KrE:Fi.A.i. coi.ue:cxions.

Per inn. Per.'jOO Per 1000.

EVER-BLOOMING ROSES, First class assortment, $ 8.00 $35.00 $70.00

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, " ' " 9.00 40.00 80.00

MOSS ROSES. " " 15.00 75.00 150.00

CLIMBING ROSES, " " 8.00 35.00 70.00

QPPpiAl AQQORTIUIPNTQ ^°^ special assortments and large orders covering different classes of

Or tUIML MOOvf n I ITIQIl I 0< Roses, it is always best to send a list of the varieties and number of each
wanted. We can then tell you exactly what we can do. and will name the lowest price that the sire and character of
the order will justify. 49* But you can always depend on lowest prices, whether you have special quotations or not.'%3»

SPECIAL ATTENTION is given to supplying Florists with reliable plants of all the New and Scarce Roses at reasonable
prices. The following choice varieties, and hundreds of others, will be found in our Wholesale Price List, Sent

FREE to Florists, Market Gardeners and Dealers.

Per Ooz Per 100.

i,AI)Y MARY FITZWILLL-VIVI- New En!;lish HyhridTea S3.00 820.00

80UVENIK I>K THKKKSK I.KVET-Sui.cil] New Scarlet Tea 2.60 15.00

COUNTKSS OF PKMHKOKE— Splciulid Jlvbriii Tea 3.00 20.00

PKINCKS.S OF WALES— Elejl.-liit New Ell(ilisli Tea 2.50 15.00

DCKE OF CONNAUGHT-Iiennett's Hybrid Tea 8.0O 20.00

PIEKRE (iCILLOT— lirilliant Crimson, Extra Fine 4.00 26.00

BED MAl.MAISON— New and Vciv PrnniisinK 4.00 25.00

SOrVFNIU l>K <iElSMAIN 1)E ST. PIERRE— New Crimson Forcing Rose 3.00 20.00

MADAME CHEI>ANNE GUINOISSEAU-RicU Golden Yellow, Very Fine 2.00 12.0O

MISS EDITH GIFFORD— A Valuable New Tea Rose 1.50 10.00

JEANNE ABEL— (New Tea), Rosy Oim.son, Pencilled with Gold 1.50 10.00

NIPHETOS-Finest Pure White for Forcing 1.60 10.00

PERLE WES JARDINS— The Finest Yellow for Forcing 1.60 lO.OO

CATHERINE MEKMET— The Finest Pink for Forcing. 1.50 10.00

LA FRANCE- Produces more Flowers when Forced than any other variety 1.50 lO.OO

CORNELIA COOK— Excellent for Forcing, Creamy White. Immense Buds 1 .50 10.00

BARONESS ROTHSCHILD— Immense Flowers. Silvery White, Tinged with Blush B.OO 35.00

PAUL NEYRON-i)ne of tlie L;irgest .and Best Hybrid Perpetual Roses 1.50 lO.OO

ANNA I>E DIESBACH— ((ilorv of Paris), One of the Finest for Forcing 1.50 10.00

MAGNA CHARTA— Rosy Crimson, Very Fragrant. Extra Fine 1.50 lO.OO

All the STANDARD .SORTS in large supply-GEN. JACQUEMINOT, ETOILE DE LYON, MAREGHAL NEIL, SOUVENIR
D'UN AMIE, HERMOSA, MARIE GUILLOTT, and hundreds of others, at lowest rates, quality considered.

Pa^OXICE TO BUYERS.

As the prices of some of the New and Scarce Roses are subject to change, and
the price of any selection depends largely on the varieties and number of each
•wanted, we invite buyers to send their lists and have them priced before making
the order. This is the best plan for buyer and seller, and secures the low^est prices
he can make for the selection wanted. But you can always depend on getting the
best value we can give, on goods ordered — whether you have quotations or not.

NOTICE.— This advertisement is intended for the TRADE ONLY, and not for private planters. Address,

The DINGEE & CONARD CO.,

latf ROSE GROWERS, West Grove, Chester Co., Pa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

QrEENHOUSE ffEATING

Ventilating Apparatus.

HITCHiNGS & CO.,

[Kstablished, 1844.1

No. 233 Mercer Street,

Base-Burning Water Heater
Three sizes. Pjtented, 1873.

NEAR BLEECKER STREET,

NEW YORK.

:^^^^^^^~ FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES -

AL.SO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS,

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT
Corrugated Fire-box Boiler. __ _^ __.y_ -i — )-| — i -p/— <l-rpf— ^

Fivesizes Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873. ' it ' W -LT _tO_L V_^ -CjCD.

IMPROVED

f^ASH-RAISING APPARATUS.

Lifting-Rods fof Sasties,

Etc., £tc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 6 cents postage for Illustrated Cata-

Fives.iei. New Patterns .877 logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

V^. S. ALLEN,

WHOLESALE DEALER IN

GUT FLOWERS

Price Lists JVIaiied to all Applicants.

w. s. j^r.r.E:N,

to6

No. 940 Broadway, New York.

Dreer's Wholesale Price List.

Offering a full line of all the really good things of the season, together with a complete
assortment of general Greenhous"^ Stock, especially —

Hydrangea Rosea— The Grand new Red-flowerinjj;

Hydrangea, "Tims. Hogg."
Torenia Rubens— ^^f^t new basket plant for raauv years
Fuchsia— I^'HAU EMMA TOPFER— The finest double

white variety ever introduced.
Cannas— Newest varieties. Geraniums, Impatiens, red

and white ; Swanley White Violet, Streptosolon,

Jamesoni, etc., etc.
Roses— A fine stock of all the leading varieties in 23^-inch

pots ; domiant plants, I year old, 4 and 5-inch pots."
Dracaena Terminalis— ^^""sually fine plant in ele-
gant condition ; 23^, ■'{, 1, 5 and 6-inch pots.
Ferns — Adiantum Cuneatum, Ptcris argyrea, cretica and

tremula, Dicksonias, Alsophillas, Microlepias, etc., etc

Clematis— ^I'^'^-'IAL list of hardy varieties— Crispa,
Coccinea, Jackniani, and 25 of the finest large flowering
varieties at extremely low prices for large plants.

Palms— An immense stock of Arecas, Cocos, Lataaias,
fteaforthias, Ptychosperma, Phoenix, Kentias, and
other really good varieties at greatly reduced prices.

PandanUS— Utilis and Veitchi, all sizes.

Verbenas inti Double Petunias— Our stock of
these is in excellent condition, the varieties cannot be
surpassed.

Bulbs— ^r*ECIAIj COLLECTION— Achimenes, Anemone

Japonica, Fancy Caladiums, C. Esculentum, Gloxiniae,
Lilium Auratum^ L. Lancifolia, Tigritlias, Tuberoses,

Tuberous rooted Begonias, etc., etc,
4»" FLORISTS' WHOLESALE LIST OF SEEDS, PLANTS, ETC., MAILED FREE.-^ft

HENRY A. DREER, Seedsman and Florist, 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia

TRIZXZS ilND SHRUBS, RARK

BUT IN GREAT DEMAND.

WE happen to tiave on liand in e.xoess o f what we shaJl prolialily need for onr spring retail sales, the following rare and
yet increasingly popular plants, which we offer at prices correspondinji; to the quantities taken ;

Hydrangea panicDlata grandlflura BOO, 2 to:! ft.; SOO, 1 to 2 ft.

TiburnHm plicatum, Japan Snoirball 500,2 ft.; 3' 0, 3 to 4 ft.; 1000, 12 10 18 inches.

Cercidiphylluna Japoiiicum; the remarkably beautiful hardy tree from Japan 200, 10 to 15 inches.

Japan Maple, atropurpurenm; the most popular and desirable of all the Japan Maples 200. 10 to 15 inches.

Parple-leaved Berberry 2000, 1 ft.

Cornns florlda : the well-known flowering Dogwood, desirable for stocks, or for its own beauty,

2000, 12 to 18 inches; 1.500, 18 to 24 inches.

Spanish Chestnut 1000, 1 to 2 ft.; 1000, 2 to .1 ft.

Andromedaarborea,— Sorrel tree of the South; has been in more request, probably, than any r.are shrub grown, 200, 3 ft.

THOMAS MEEHAN, Cermantown, Phila., Pa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Graperies, Causer vatories, Propagating Souses, For-
cing I*its, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying
Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks. Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

O.A.VID SIVEITH.

my 12

86 BEVERLY STREET,

BOSTON. IVEASS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS

My collection of Chrysanthemums is the largest, finest and most complete in the world. It includes the best of the
older varieties, all the new European and American varieties, of 1883 and 1884, twenty-five novelties from China and
Japan, and fifteen new varieties of decided merit of my own growing. New varieties (tf last season and all old varieties
are ready for delivery now ; new varieties of this season ready in February and March. Write forprices, they are very low.

CARNATIONS.

These three splendid fancy variegated Carnations, Mrs. Carnegie, Chas. J. Clarke, and Petunia, of last season are
decidedly the most profitable for cut-flower growing. They command double the retail prices of othersorts and are long
stemmed and extremely free flowering. Price, S5.0U per 100 ; plants rea<ly now.

Well established plants of Peter Henderson, Snowdon, Hinsdale, Springfield, Goodrich, Philadelphia, PreBident
Garfield, Black Knight, King of Crimsons, La Purite, Shellflower, Firebrand, Lady Emma, etc., $3.00 per 100; 82.3.00 per
1000,— purchaser's selection of varieties, as nearly as possible, Hinze's White, S3. .50 per 100. Or in every IIKX) Carnations
ordered at $25.00, 300 Hinze's Wliite may be selected.

** William Francis Bennett."

I have obtained from Mr. Evans the exclusive agency for the sale of this celebrated Rose in Western Pennsylvania..
Circulars and price list on application. I will deliver the Roses in Pittsburgh and vicinity free of express charges.

\AfpiTp priR PRIPFQ I carry a splendid general stock of Roses, all varieties ; hardy and tender ; including
"■■•■'^ run rniutO* all novelties; clematis, wisterias, Ferns, Palms, Kucharis, Orchids, Ivies, Aristolochifc,
etc., etc. A trial order and my prices will convince you ol the desirableness of dealing with me.

BEAUTIFUL NEW CATALOOUE NOW READY AND WILL BE SENT FREE.

BENJ. A. ELLIOTT,

54 Sixth Street,

PITTSBURGH, PA.

Flori.st's

List, from Jan. 1st to

Read what Mr. Peter Henderson says in his
March 1.5th, 18*5:

" FIR TREE OIL, used in the manner dire ;ted, we find to lie sure death to every
insect attacking greenliouM; jilants— Green and Black Fly, Mealy Bug, Thrip, Bed
Spider. Gru. s, Wimns, W'nod-lice, etc. Directions bow to use go with each tin.
Diluted accordmg to diic.tions, it is cheap enough to put on with a syringe : or, for
individual plants, with an atomizer. We have used it extensively the p;i5t season and
find it to be all that has heen claimed for it."

To be bought through any respectable .Seed Hou.se in the larger towns, in pint bottle$
at 75 Cts ; in half pints at 50 cts. For larger quantities address,

fl2

AUGUST

The Sole Agents for America.

ROLKER 6l SONS,

Box 899. or 44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

P. O.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

N^O.

Established in t857,
296 PEJkFtX. STREZEZT.

P. O. Box 2956.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITKD STATES
C. G. VAN TUBERGEN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist, -

New York City.

^. vF. Y^i.. iu„u.ivui>i., o... .3tci..,.u.»,. .I..U . ..^..o^, - - - - Haarlem, Holland.

JOHN STEWART & SON.S. Nurserymen, .Seedsmen and Florists, ... - Dundee, .Scotland.

LEVAVASSEUR * FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, Usfsy, France,

LENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, ITssy, France.

PIERRE SEIilRE. Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

COCHET-AITHIN 4 FI US. Rose Growers, Grisy-Suisnes, France.

EUGENE VEHDIER FILS AINE, Florist ; New Gladioluses, Roses, Paeonias, etc., a specialty, Paris, France.

V. EE.'VIOINE Florist; new varieties of PUants a specialty, Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REKUFa, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - Ollioules, Franc«.

C. PLATZ & SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNBIDER, Florist, Eily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And manj other Kuropean Narserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,
hnseCataloguee wUl be sent to allajiplicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for dUtribution. JaU

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

SPECIAL NOTICE.

ADVANCE IN PRICES.

^

THE "WM. FRANCIS BENNETT" ROSE.

From present appearances the supply of Plants ready for delivery March 15th,
will be short of the demand. We are therefore compelled to notify the trade
that all orders received after March 9th will be at an advance of 25 per cent.
on present prices. Delivery of Plants will commence Monday, March 16th, and
orders will be filled in rotation a3 rapidly as possible.

GHAS. F. EVANSp

p. S.— Tbe (late "March 1st"
ID Dec. advertisement was
a printer's error.
tnl2

Station F, Philadelphia, Pa.

ESTABLISHED 1838 -. — »

PARRY STRAWBERRY

Is a seedling of Jersey Qxieen, vigorous grower, fehfect flower, very

productive, most beautiful bright color, ripening evenly all

over, large size, highest in flavor and tirm.

BEST FOR MARKET AND FAMILY USE

MARLBORO tlie largest early Raspberry.
WILSOW JUNIOR the largest known Blackberry.

Catalogue Free.

"/i( is nearly a week earlier than TFits(m'«£'ar?2/.''^Wi!mer Atkinson
in Farm Journal.

Selected berries measured 4}.> inches in circumference lengthwise by
3^2 inches crosswise, ami produced more than 100 bushels per acre.

Headquarters for Kieffer and Lawson Pears, Crapes,
Currants, Etc.

mh2 WILLIAM PARRY, Parry P. P.. New Jersey.

FRUIT STOCKS ^ FRUIT SEEDS

We have still a limited supply of the following to offer :

STOCKS.

SEEDS.

Pear, ist class $13 oo per 1000 Horse Plum $8.ot per bushel

Mazzard Cherry, 1st Class 500 '• Apple 5.50 **

„ ,, . _, .. Pear $2.50 per lb.

2<«CIass 300 [ Mazzard Cherry aS "

Myrobolan Plum, 2d Class 800 " i Mahaleb " 85 "

Bib-2

THOMAS MEEHAN, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

lO

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

I

ter

irs

•FOFl HEAXINTCa-

GreeiiliKiis, GrapBries, CoDserTatorliis, Projaptli iiisfis, U.

SECTIONAL VIEW.
SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No. 46 Marion Street, Nevtr York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS.

dt>

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

^S*Send for Circular an J conditions ol insertion niuierthiv heading. *^^

H. S. ANDERSON, Cayuea Lake Nurseries,
Union Springs, N. Y.

GENERAL BULB CO. Medals at Pxus,

&C., Vogelen7ani;, near Haarlem, Holland.

THOMAS MEEHAN,

OELSCHIG & MEYER. Outdoor Rose

Nurseryman & Tree Seeds.Germant'n, Phil i Growers. Canes, &c., Savannah, Geo.

MICHEL PLANT4 SEED CO.. Bulbs, Se'ds, PENFIELD BLOCK CO., Wood, Pot, Tree,

I'laiits, Supplies, St. Louis, Mo. 1 Labels, Plain, Painted: Lockport, N. Y.

■ t\. m Qi^TEns. %^|%#%|^ Ebi^#

oa

BEST STOCKS

IN THE

WORLD

SMALL, FKl'ITS ANK TREES. LOW TO DEALEIfs ANK IM.ANTEKS. EVERYTHING E1R8T.
CLASS. KUEE O.^TALOGCES. GEO. M. JOSSELV.N. FKEDONIA. N. V.

Wm. J. Stewart, BOSTON TEA ROSES

—WHOLESALE DEALER IN-

CUT FLOWERS

^ FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,
BOSTOX and PHILADELPHIA.

SEND FOB PRICE LISTS.

67 BromBeld Street,) „„. < 1518 Chestnut St.,
fia Bodtoii, Mass. / *"" j Philadelphia, Pa.

CHAS. R. ST ILL WELL,

Wholesale Florist and Rose Grower.

ROSES GROWN SPECIALLY lor WINTER FORCING
.SEND FOR TRADE LIST. jll2

King's Highway, Gravesend, L. I., N. Y. ntr

TRfE SEEDUNGS^

For Timber Plantations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free

CareluUy i)acke(l ami shipped to all points in Western and
[ Middle States, at lowest Hoston market prices. Price list
j of Flowers and Florists' supplies sent on application.

WELCH BROS.,

WHOLESALE FLORISTS,
165 Tremont Street. Boston, Mans.

m

GEO. MULLEN, Wholesale"Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School St., near Parker House,) BoSton, MasS.
j Flowers carefully packed anti slui)ped to any part of the

country. Send for Price List. Special rates on regular lots,
i Order.s by mail, telegraph or express promptly attended to.
! Immortelles, Immortelle Lettering. Wire Designs, Coil Wire
I Tinfoil, Bleached Wheat, Match Sticks, Toothpicks, con-
I stantly on hand and sold at lowe.st wholesale rates. (For-
! merly with W. J. Stewart.) dl2

Carnation Plants

I ROOTED CUTTINGS of atjove will be ready for delivery
I in Febrnarv and Floret* and Sxnllax at all times.

THOMAS F. SEAL,

Unionvilie, Chester Co., Pa.

mhlf

Winona

J. JENKINS,

Grapeand Seedling Nursery,

Columbiana Co., Ohio.

20,000
VERBENAS

GREEN'S FRUIT GUIDE,

64 paf^^es, with colored plate,
illustrated, price 5 cts. " How
to Propagate and Grow FniJt.'*
64 papes, 2 colored plates, 50
illustrations, price 50 cents.

GREEN'S FRUIT GROWER,
price 50 cents per year. Sam-
ple copy free. Address,
Green's Ni'rserv Co.,
Rochester, N. Y.

30 varieties, clean and thrift>'. 1st
size, well bran<-lu'il, in hufl,i3 per
100. 2ndsize.tiiui.);nit',$2perHX).
Rooted Cuttin^^'^, $1 imt inO.
lYHOFF,
mh2

W. DA^

Hagerfttown,

Md.

VOTl ^AI F MAIDEN HAIR FERNS

X, Vyl.\ Ox».Lji-j In "> in. pots, by John Thumann,

ip' ,

3.52 W. Twenty-third St., N. Y.

ja4

ppppiCC A°d Totft of them oan bo

DCnniCO Krnwn if i/on follow our

method v Fre»* Oatilotfue describes all

HALE BROS . S<j. Glastonbury. floD t

VERBENAS, Stock Plants,

ROSES, Carnations, Geraniums,

And ;i gem-ial greenhouse stock for the trade.

SEEDS, Bulbs ' Small Fruit Plants

TRADE Ll.ST FREp;.

mhl C^ E. ALLEN, Bratf eboro, Vt.

THOMAS YOUNG, Jr^

WHOLESALE FLORIST,

NO. II WEST 27TH STREET,
-N-E.-Vr YORK.

«3-CHOICE ROSES A SPECIALTY.-®* 8l2

LOW PRESSURE

Steam Heating

— FOR -

DWELLINGS AND GREENHOUSES.

nihtf GERMANTOWN, PHIIuA.

I n fTn n n Til nrTEVERGREENS^a'nrForesrTries. 40 var-
IUU,UUU,UUU ieties. 60c. ^p IIIOO and upwards. AIJ
sizes, one vear old, to six feet high. Catalognes free.
n ' GEO. PINNEY. Sturgeon Bay, Wi».

12

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEP.

Something New in Water Heaters

Please take Notice.

Sectional View of Carmody's Patent

Especially adapted to the heating of

And other Buildings where the HUT WATER system is desired.

This Heater is composed of sertions, and
can lie enlarged or diminished in size at wilL

By removing the iiniM.iiiig sections it be-
comes a tirst-clasa saddh' lioiler.

It can be used in connectitm with a flae
along the ground, or not, at pleasure.

It requires no tire pit, where water is liable
to extinguish the tire.

It burns soft coal as well as hard, and does
not clog up with soot.

It has more heating surface in proportion
to its size than any other boiler in the market.

It is the CHEAPEST and most durable tlrst-
class lioiler maile.

For Descriptive Circnlar and Price List*
ad<lreNS the Proprietor,

J. D. CARMODY,

FLORIST,

EVANSVILLE, IND.

HOW TO HEAT A GREENHOUSE WITH WATER.

The inventor of this Heater has lately pub-
lished an dlustrated treatise on the above sub-
ject, which every Florist should possc-s. iis it
gives full instruction how to set the ln»ilor, ar-
range the pipe, make joints, mend leaks, and
much other desirable information. In Jact, any
one by following its directions can pipe their
own houses without the assisT;in<e of a plumber
or high-priced labor. Price 50 ci-iils. Aildress,

J. D. CARMODY,

tstf KvausTille, Ind.

ORNAIVIENTAL TREES, &c.,

EOR LAWJST, PARK iO STREET PLAIfTlNfr.

AMERICAN WHITE ELM, "The Crowning Glory of Am. Forests," 6 to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 12 and 12 to 15 feet

ROCK or SUGAR MAPLE 0 to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 12, 12 to 15 and 15 to 20 "

ASH -LEAVED MAPLE, Acer Negundo 6 to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 12 and 12 to 15 "

CATALPA SPECIOSA, Hardy Catalpa 6 to 8, 8 to 10 and 10 to 12 "

LOMBARDY POPLAR , 0 to 7, 7 to 9, 9 to 10, 10 to 12 and 13 to 15 "

WEIR'S CUT-LEAVED MAPLE G to 8, 8 to 10 and 10 to 12 "

TULIP TREES 5 to 6, 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 "

LAUREL-LEAVED Wl LOW, Beautiful Glossy Laurel-like Leaves 5 to 7, 7 to 8 and 8 to 10 "

A largi- stock ot llic prccciliiiK, ami a modi-rate su|>i>l.v of most varieties ot ORNAMENTAL TREES.

Kilmarnock, Wisconsin and Babyionica Weeping
Willows, and Fulva Pendula Elm.

ALSO, A LARGE ASSORTMENT OP SHRUBBERY FOR LAWN AND PARK
PLANTING. A FINE STOCK OP ALL THE CHOICER VARIETIES OP GRAPE
"VINES, ONE AND TWO YEARS OLD.

A full and complete assortment of NURSERY STOCK of all deseriptlons.
Price Lieta FREE on application. 30th YKAR SOO ACKES-

The TRADE supplied at liberal rates.
-21 GBEENHOUSKS.

The Storrs

c£ Harrison Co.,
PAINESVILLE, OHIO.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. 13

New Fruit and Ornamental Trees

Send Stamps for our Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogues. They contain full and accurate infunuation about all the

m m NEW mm, nm, roses, grape yihes, etc.,

With cultural Uiicclions, ami are the must complete puhlisheil. No. 1, Fruits, iucUuling Hmall Fruits, (new edition, just
published), 10c. JJo. 2, Ornamenuil Trees, etc., 1.5c. No. 3, Strawberries. No. 4, Wholesale. No. 6, Rosea, free.

Mt. Hope Nurseries, - - Rochester, N. T.

The New Early White Grape FLOWER SEEDS

EIVIPIRE STATE new crop i

FOR WHICH WE PAID THE OR.c.NATOR ^^' FLORISTS and GROWERS.

=S4000.00 ^=

I Aster, White Perfection, trade packet 50

' '• Choice Mixed '» 60

1 Cineraria Grand iflora. Prize *• SI. 00

, Primula Sin. Ftiiibriata, niixed trade packet 1.00

In cash and control the entire stock, is now first offered to the i !!<iMilax per oz. 3,0O

trade. Send for Descriptive Circular and Price List. Also a

BalsaiUt White Perfection " 2.50

fine stock o! one and two year Roses and Iwo year Clematis. White Candytuft, Phlox, Mignonette, Salvia,
Address, Hollyhock and all other flower Seeds for present

PRATT BROS., Nurserymen,

sowing. Semi tor Price List.

HENRY A. DREER, Seedsman and Florist,

mh2 Rochester, N. Y. i "l* chestnut street, Philadelphia.

TATITHiDrJT A. IVIIS S

24 Certificates of Merit at N. Y. Horticultural Society.

APOIVIPT TTTF ^TTPPPQQ ^^'^ entered in ^15 classes at the Granrl Chrysanthemum Show in New York
Vj U IVl I l_j Hi 1 Cj vJ U V/l-'I-* O j Wereawarded iQ First Premiums. Such a thing occurs hardly once in a
lifetime. To obtain such result there had to be money, time and labor expended. Our collection of Chrysanthemums is
the larj^est and most complete in the ».-ountry. < )ver 600 varieties were flowered this year. The new varieties are valuable
additions. Our own new >>eeillinirs arc as follow- : DOUBLE — Agnes Hamilton. Cincinnati. Dr Walcott. Gold Lace. Golden
Gloire de Rayonnante. Glow, Mrs. Jas. R. Pitcher. Pres. Cleveland. Rose Lace. Sam Henshaw, W. K. Woodcock. Welcome. FINE
SINGLE VARIETIES— Casino. Crimson and Gold. Helianthus. Hinsdale, Imogen. Mangold. Mrs. A. LeMoult Pure Gold. Sadie
Martinot and Virgin. In addition we have been favored with the privilege to di^tnbuie tlie loilowni^; fine seedlini^s of
Dr. H. 1*. Walrott, of Canibri't}.;e. Mass. The Doctor is the t)est indiie of ('hrysantlipuinns that we know of : Aquidneck,
Cambridge, G. Walcott. John Thorpe. Julius Caesar, Manhattan. Rob Walcott. Wenonah. Wyoming. The new Japanese set.
direct Ik •111 .lajian. is a marvellous 24 and are rually superl>. viz.: Dr. Allen, J Collins, J. Levering. Bi color. Moonlight. Lord
Byron, Duchess. Gloriosum. F. L. Harris, Hon. J. Welsh, Mrs. Mencke. Pres. Arthur. Norma. Mrs. Vannaman, Fimbriatum.
Jessica. Gorgeous. Golden Prince, Delicatum. Snow-storm, Syrlnga. Garfield, Mrs. C. H. Wheeler, W. K. Harris. The < ream of
the imported varieties from Eur^ ()e uill !»e touud in the tollowint;— :ts tar as wc ran jihIl'c. We ha\e about ;^0 varieties
that did not flow er with us : JAPS—Blanche Neige, Galathea. La Fraicheur, L'Ami Boncharlat aure La Geant. Valence. Valle
de Andover. CHINESE— Bruce, Findlay, Jeannie d'Arc, Lord Alcester, Mons. Roux. Mr Sunn, Pres. Sanderson.

Particulars in our Retail Catalogue will be rca<ly in January. We will st'ud it to all on appIi»aiion. Our Wholesale

Lists uill he sent as usual. ^ „ HALLOCK. SON & THORPE, ttucens, L. I.. N. Y.

200,000 ROSES.

We have this season an extra large stock of healthy Everblooming Roses, grown in 2\4 inch pots, in all the leading
sorts. Price, *6 per 100: sB45 per 1000. Parties in need of large quantities please write for Wholesale Catalogue or send
in their lists of varieties wanted for lowest prices. Stock pure and best riuality. 90 page Catalogue. Free to all applicants

n NAIfZ & NETTNER. Lonisville, Ky.

EVERGREENizn^ DECIDUOUS
^TREE SEEDS.^

OUR CATALOGUE of these Seeds is now ready and contains full list of Evergreen and Deciduous Trees and Shrubs,
Vines and Fruits. THOMAS MEEHAN, Cermantown, Philadelphia.

u

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Special Ofer to Florists '9 Horticulturists

ROSES FOR FORCING NEXT SPRING AND SPRING SALES.

Every order, large or small, will be shipped immediately. All bailded ou Seedling Briar; Two ¥ear9 Old.

PRICES OF PLANTS, INCLLUING PACKING :

Standard Tree Roses S>5 ^ 100 : 53U) V 1000 China, or Monthlv Roses (B^erbloom-

Half Standard Tree Roses Si5 - 5300 " ing), low budded JIO ^ 100 ; $ 90 ^ 1000

Centifolia Roses, low bttdded. S9 •• S S5 " j Tea-Scented Roses, low budded Sll '• $100 "

Provence •' •' S » " S 85 " | Noisette •' " $11 ■' flOO "

Moss '■ " $10 •' S 90 " I Bourbon " •' 810 " $ 95 "

H. P. Moss " •• SIO '• ? 95 " ! Hybrid Perpetual Roses, low budded. SIO ' $95 "

These prices are for all varieties in our Catalogue, including newer kinds, except Merveille de Lyon, 520 ^ 100, S3 ^ doe.
The roses offered below are not imported : they are gratted on seedling Briar Stocks this Winter ; grown in 4 and 43'^-
inchpots; plant* from 1 to Ifj feet, tine growing condition. Delivered anytime after April Ist, during the Summer.
Send your orders immediately.

The NEW YELLOW HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSE-GLOIRE LYONNAISE — obtained by crossing Mme. Falcot ffea) with
Baione>s KotlischiM (H. P.; 1 plant .50c., SJ per 10, $7 per 25, $12 per 50, $20 per 100.

L Niphetos $2.00^ doz.; $12.00^ 100

IL Perle des Jardins S2.0U '■ $10.00 •'

m. Catherine Mermet $2.00 " $10.00 "

rV. Duke of Connaught Sa.OO '• $20.00 "

V. Souv. dun Ami $2.00 •' SIO.OO "

VL Pierre GuUlot $3 00 ■' $20.00

VII. RedMalmaison $2.00^ doz ; 815.00 » 100

VIII. Princesse of Wales $3 00 " $20.00 "

IX. Mme. Ched Guenoisseau $2.cO " $10.00 "

X. Lady Marie FiUwilliam S3.00 '• 825.00 "

XI. LaFrance 82.00 '• SIO.OO "

XU. Queen of Queens $4.00 " $30.00 "

Souv. deTherese Levet $4.00 ^ doz.

The numbers II. Ill, V, IX, XI can be shipped at once in dormant plants grown out-of-doors.
PANSY SEEDS in 46 choice varieties, mixed $5 per oz. | LILY OF THE VALLEY PIPS $12 per 1000, $110 per 10,00*

SCHULTHEIS BROTHERS, Rose Growers,

yii2

P. O. Box 78. College Point, L. I,, N, Y.

Wi^lTE

d6

THE NIAGARA WHITE GRAPE CO. having decided to offer for sale to
the general poblic, without restriction, a limited namber of two-year-old vines of
their Celebrated White <;rn|ie NI A<^AK A* orders will now be received and

entered in rotation for vines to be delivered in the spring of \>^b. until their stock ol

Its inerilefl iiopularity has induced unscrupulous persons to attempt a FK ALU in of-

-'■---'-' ' ' -. claiming that the> ar-- fifnuine Niagaras. This Co

id iil\4u>s lin.s liHfU the ]ih>>olule eotitrol and

ur cuttiiie?^ of the Niagara up to tlii*i tiiiie

Oiily persons hav

iiig a certifieate o

nutliority Iroiii tlir

Co., under I he Co*-^

SKA I., wUl have the

rich! to take iirder-*

for or the ability ti>

supply the vines of the Niagara., and th&t every vine fumUhedhyth'' r... direct or through
their authorized agents, letU hivf srrurehf attached to it a SEAIj plainlv stamped with our
Registered Trade-mark. Reliable dealers and nurserymen will be supplied on liberal
terinn, and furnished with authority to take orderw. making salisffictury axrange-
ments with the Company. FiOcal aceiils wailte<l in every tuvvn throughout the United
States and C.inada to tell our Niaaara vines from s.tmple
grapes. On t fi t for canvassing furnished to agents. Address

-" LOCKPOKT,

New York.

vines is exhausted. - . - . . _ _ .

feringto furnish them to their customers at a reduced pri

desires, therefore, to int'orrQ the public that it now ha.'n. j

po!«<«e»«*»ion of all the yines grown from the wood

^ry And that NO

©THKRPFK^ON

HAS KVKK IIAI>

THE UUVlIT TO

PKOPAGATEIT

NIACARAI

NIAGARA WHITE GRAPE CO.

GRAPE

My Annual Priced Catalogue is now ready and mailed free
to aU applicants. It contains all the leading and most popu-
lar sorts of

VEG-ETA.BLE. FAJR.^a.

A .\ 1 1

FX.OVT'EFl SEEDS. |

Besides all the desirable novelties of la.st season, and nearly '
every thing else in my line of business. ,

ALFRED BRIDGEMAN,

n 37 East I9th St., New York City.

A. ^^g^l ^y |g Send six cents for postage, and re-
f'rdibb ceive free, a costly box of goods
which will help you to more money right away than anything
else in this world. All, of either aex, succeed from first hour.
The broad road to fortune oj)ens before the workers, abso-
lutely sure. At once address, True & Co., Augusta. Me mh6

FERRY'S

FOR

1SS5

IN VALUABLE TO ALLI

ja4

Will be mailed iropp^,^^?'''
to all applicants r 11 1— t*^^
end to customers of last vear witliout
ordering it It contains illustrations, prices,
descriptions and directions for planting all
Vegetable and Flower SKEDS. BlXBs, etc.

D. M. FERRY &CO.''^i"^'T

G

mli2

V c>\KK 100 kinds. Nur-
sery Estiihlished 28 years.

RAPE VINES

r)elavvare, Concord, l^idy Eiiii)ire .St;\Ve, Niagara,
Vergennes, Hayes, Early Victor, Ijady and all the
best new and old varieties. Splendid Stock. Prices
low. Catalogues FREE.
GEO. W. CAMPBELL, Delaware, O.

MICHIBANf"^"^

300.000 Acres

Find the ^^mt marbet* In the world

T\v,hi at thfir doors. Blizzards and
tnrnadop.s do not dova.state their crops
and rain tlielr borne*. I faav»
for 8ftle. Ea»7 DArmenti; loof
low r»i« 01 lnt«re*t.

time .

O. M. BAaxcs,

MJeh.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

15

B- s,wiLLiAMs- stoci^ Plants

FOR FLORISTS ONLY

Ihe best in cultivation, universalli/ (jroini, never fail to

give saiis/actu/n. Free by mail to any part of

the United States or Canada,

WILLIAMS'

Prizf strain of

CALCEOLARIA

Herbaceous (finest mixed),
Per packet, 1b. 6d. and Sa. 6d.
This fine strain has been selected
from the dwarfest and most distinct
t>'pes and will be found unequalled
for size of flowers and brilliancy of
colors.

WILLIAMS'

I'rize strain of

CINERARIA

(Extra (.■li(ti<f mixed),
Per packet. 1ft. 6d. and 8b. 6d.

A superb strain of very dwarf
branching habit and strong consti-
tution, containing a great variety of
colors.

WILLIAMS'

CYCLAMEN CICANTEUM

(Mixed), containing 4 varieties.
Per pa< ket. Ss. 6d,

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM

(Mixed), per pkt, Is. 6d. and 8s. 6d.
The finest strain in cultivation. For
varieties of Cyclamen in separate
colors, see Illust'd Seed Catalogue.

Having for the ladt ten
vears raised for the
\\\i.-liingt.ii! .\hirket from 50,000 to 130.000 Bedding
Plants, annuall.v. 1 have tested a great many varieties, and
throw out all polir ones. I offer in ray list only the Best Old
and Newer Kinds; especially to beginners in the business,
viz.:

176 Chrysanthemums for 810.0O

140 Geranlams, Zonale and Scented 8.00

60 Fnchslas 3.00

40 Verbenas 8.00

84 Carnations 8.00

15 Begonias 1.00

6 Lantans. 6 Heliotropes, each .35

5 Achiranthns, 5 Alternantheras* each .85

84 Coleos 1.00

10 Miscellaneous Plants 60

ROOTED CARNATION CUTTINGS now ready, at 81.50
per UK), S12.00 per 10(X), as long as supply last*, in following
varieties : Pres. de Graw, Hinze's \\Tute, Peter Henderson,
Edwardsii. Philadelphia, lady Emma, Pres. Garfield, King
of Crimsons.

Or the whole collection of .500 plants, all labeled, for 885.00.
For Descriptions, see my Wholesale Catalogue.

Nicholas Studer,

tsl2 FLORIST,

ANACOSTIA P. 0., WASHINGTON, D. C.

WILLIAMS'

Prize strain of

GLOXINIA

Choice mixed, '

Per packet, Is. 6d.

This produces immense flowers, of
the most brilliant and varied colors,
both of the erect and drooping va-
rieties.

WILLIAMS'

r^(-,4 PRIHULA SINENSIS FIKBRIATA

-?-'__ ^ (Mixed packets containing b vars.)
Is. 6d. and 28. 6d. per pkt.

'^J^

This superb strain has stood the test
for ;>0 years, and never fails to take
first prizes wherever exhibited. For
new Primulas and superb strain of
Primula, see Illust'd Seed Catalogue

Jbr choice AnmuzJs. Biennials, and Perennials, see ILLUS-
TRATED SEED CAIALOOUEFOR 1885^ gratis
ai'd free bi/ mail 07i application.

Victoria ^ Paradise Nurseries

mh2 Upper Holloway, London N., England.

THE fl/EW WHITE GRAPE,

♦ FRANCIS B, mil ♦

Hon. M.iRSHALi. P. Wilder. Pres. Aiuer. Pomological
Society, says the "HAYES" is THE BEST WHITE CHILD
OF THE CONCORD, and one of the SWEETEST grapes
he ever tested. It will, he says, probably SUCCEED AL-
MOST EVERYWHERE. Tlie "HAYES" is out of the
same lot of seedlings as the " MOORE'S EARLY."

Send for Catalogue.

JOHX B. MOOR£ & SOX,

'nh2 CONCORD, MASS.

gerXniums

HAPPY THOUGHT and SILVER-LEAVED, $2.00 per 100.

P.ARNATinNQ (Rooted Cnttlnss) CRIMSON KING.
UMnilM I lUnO DE GRAW, ic, $1.00 per lUO.
Have only a few thousand at above rates.

GrEO. sivhth,

Manchester, Vermont.

mh2

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

DO YOU KNOW

IIIAT TIIK

SONNET— THE LOTUS.
Love came to Flora asking for a flower

That would of flowers be uurUsputed queen ;

The lily ami the rose long, long had been
Rivals for that high honor. Bards of power
Had sung their claims. "The rose can never tower

Like the pale lily, with her Juno mien."

•'But is the lily lovelier ?" Thus, between
Flower factions rang the strife in Psyche's bower.
" Give me a flower delicious as the rose,

And stately as the lily in her pride "

"But of what color?" "Rose-red'' Love first chose,

Then praye<l : "No, lily-white, or both provide."

And Flora gave the lotus. " rose-red " dyed
And "lily-white," the quccnlicst flower that blows.
— From " CV/i^to,)/," January, ISSU,

Sacrefl Lotus i'Mia^CliM

Grown also in Egypt in most ancient times,
where its seeds were used by the people for
food, and called the Sacred Bean ; mentioned by
I*ytIiagoras and Herodotus : do you know, I say,
that this most venerable and beautiful plants
though coming from such tropical countries, is
HARDY IN THE UNITED STATES?

NELUMBIUH SFECIOSUU

is its botanical name anil it
far surpasses in beauty of
flower and ease of culture
its American relative

NELCMBIUM LCTEUM.

I ofl'er also, tubers and seed
of magnificent New Japan-
ese Nelambiums.

Full particulars in regard
to culture, Ac, given in ray
Catalogue of

-RARE-

Waterx Lilies,

RED, WHITE,

BLUE, YELLOW.

PINK ami PURPLE,
varying in size from the Tom
Tliumb Lilv of Cliina to the
great VICTOKIA REGIA.

AQUAmx PLANTS X IN X VARIETY.

LARGEST AND CHOICEST COLLECTION IN THE COUNTRY.

Silver Medal ;i\v;irdi'd by the Massachusetts Horticultural

ftocit'iy in s.-pteniluT, 18S3, for Nymphaea Zanzibareusis* the

new Ji'oi/a/ Piir}>h' Water Lily.

Aiiuatics lor (.rn;iiiii-nting FISH PONDS. General collec-
tion of (iKEI'^NHorsK PLANTS. Catalogue mailed FREE
to tliiiso mi-ntiniiing lliis magazine.

E. D. STURTEVANT,

BORDENTOWN, N. J.

Forest Trees

Largest Stock in America.

Catalpa Speciosa, Box-Elder,

Slaple, Larcli, Pine,

Spruce, etc.

rOREST AND EVERGREEN

TREE SEEDS.

taib2 R. DOUGLAS & SONS, Waukegan, Ills.

B

LOOMlNGTONK.^K'!"i^r'^"'f-
NURSERY ^,'^,^v:^^^

(Irriiun.iital TliKKS. Catalogue tor .SPRIWJ
i.( IhS.') iinu- r..;nlv ;iln1 itiailpt) OH a nplirii tluii .
GOO ,\<;IJES. 13 GRKE-VHOII.SKS.

SHADE EVERGREENS

Sugar IVIaplcs, VI to is fi.

&RAPE VINES, &C.

)

Stolon I IM I ADfJF

Am. Linden..-, to X ft J-i.^titi^o

Norway Spruce, IK to 8 ft i QUANTITIES

Balsam Fir. ', t.i tTft ( AT

Am. Arborviti, '2 to t ft I nvu R&Trc

Reeds Golden Arborvitae. 1 to I ft )^^L^Z.i^'

Concord Grape, 2 tr> .-J years, strong. ... I ®^® I ^-^^

.\ (general assortment ol Fruit. Sliade. Evergreens. Grape
Vines, Greenhouse Plants, 4c. I'ric es tuniislieit on ajiplira-
tj<ni. Nurserv two niintiti's walk of Christiana Station on
tlle P. R. K. " mli2

W. p. BRINTON, Christiana, Lancaster Co., Pa.

mba

TRY

DREER'S

GARDEN SEEDS

PLANTS, BULBS AND REQUISITES. They
are Iho IJcMt at the IjO«'*'n( Prices-

OHlKiuldr for IH85 mailed free, AddroBS

HENRYA.DREER

14 CHESTNUT ST. PHILA.

CEED r

V* It ,-,,hlaiii

ANNUAL FREE.

prices

illiis

ii'scripttoiis and iilaiitiiiK
lir.ilioijs i''^ yesetabU a\v\ Flower
Srfils, iiulbs, etc.; Harden Tooit.
li. ■liable Si'Cils lit Ii.w pi ii^oB.
Llvlnsiiton*n Konl^ i.'oIulnbu■^ O.
Urlgmklor)! oT AcmB, Tkr^foB, l'«rf«eUoti
ftad FftToritc Todmbm

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. 17

New Plants for 1885

Our superb set ot seTen varieties of Seedling Caroations
Thirty-five varieties of New French Geranlaxns.

Twenty-seven varieties New French ChrysanthemDins

R08EST

A LARGE STOCK OF THE LEADING
VARIETIES AT LOW RATES.

La France, Perle. Niphetos. Bon Silene,
Safrano, etc., $6; Sunset. $10;

Bennett $Q0 ner 100 i Fifteen varieties of New French Fuchsias.

Catalogues on application. Eight varieties of New Ornamental L.eaved Begonias*

j and many other nuvelties.

■^ .^"m r^ .^"B M^/l M^ M^B Rend for Price List bpforo orderini^ elsewhere.

* n ♦ T nu-, .^v,■\ W. P. SIMMONS & CO.,

tmh3 HarrOWPte Lane, Plllladelpiai Fa. I tm Ceneva. Ashtabula Co.. Ohio.

A FiDB Oiorliily to Enter aiEstalilislieOisiness.

THE ATLANTA ITTRSERIES EOR SALE.

A well-established paying business, near Atlanta, the Capital of Georgia. Has a good trade for all kinds ot Nursery
products. Greenhouses, Cold Frames and Packing Sheds. Watered by Hydraulic Ram and City Water-works. Every
convenience complete. The land can be bought or leased. A good stock on hand to be sold at a great bargain. Reason
for selling, tailing health. Address,

a M. COLE & CO., Atlanta, Georgia.

^ P^ ^ III ^V O "^'^ ^'*'* "■'^ ""^ ^'"''"^ Kingdom." .«^ ^^ ^ IJ | ^^ ^

UKLnlUO THE ROYAL FAMILY OF PLANTS UriUnlUO

With 21 magnificent illustrations, life size, from living plants ami colored to nature. Each 10x14 inches. Text is on

splendid heavy plate pa]ier.

BY HARRIET STEWART MINER.

The CuLTrvATiON of Orchids is easily comprehended, and the method is very simple, as the pages of this volume
enccessfully explain. Heat, ventilation and moisture are the chief factors. "An orchid house," says the author, "should
smell sweet as a flowery meadow does during a sudden burst of sunshine after a summer shower." They require, how-
ever, "as much care as a large family of children, and in bestowing such attention on the plants we come to love them."

This sumptuous volume is over 14 inches in lengthy 11 niches wide, 1>^ inches in thickness, gilt edges, beveled covers
and binding richly adorned in black and ffold, and m the new bt-nnti'ful silver, gold or bronze cloth, making a rarely
sumptuous book. Gold cloth, full gilt, 9S15.00 ; Turkey Morocco, »30.00; Tree call, »30.00. Address,

n LEE &, SHEPARD, Boston, Mass.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES,

Germantown, Philadelphia.

Among the Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees usual to a first-class Nursery, one of our specialties la

OSAGE ORANGE HEDGE PLANTS.

Their superiority is attested by annually increasing sales. We sell low to those who sell again, and give special rates
to those planting by the thousand, ten thousand and hundred thousand.

Catalogues of all our Departments free on application. fj

Hybrid Clematis

18 OUR SPECIALTY. SEND FOR OUR DESCRIPTIVE TRADE IJST.

JOSEPH KIFT, West Chester, Pa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

NEW AND RARE EAST INDIAN AND OTHEE

ORCHIDS

The undersiRned offers EAST INDIAN and other ORCHIDS

in large quantities, well established plants, as well as extra

large specimens. At prices much lower than they can be

purchased in Europe.

ANGK^CCMS in variety ; splendid plants.

ABIDES— VirciisElUsii.Lobbii, Roseum.Adoratum.Crassi-
foliuni, Crispum. Ciuinquevulnerum, FieUlinffi, &c.

CALANTHAS— Veitc'hii, Vestita rubra, Lutea, Nivalis, *c.

CATTLE YA — Eldorado, Eldor.ado splendens, Superba,
Mossia-j Leopoldii, Mendelii, Trianae, Amethystina, Leo-
polrlii, Pen-ivaliana, Imperialis, Maxima, Sklnerii, &c.

CTf PKIPEDICMS — Candatum, Concolor, Niveum,
Pierced, Lawrenciana, Sedeni, Lowei, Spicerianum,
Argus, Ciliolare, RoezUi, Robelina, &c.

DENDROBIDMS— AKsresatum, Albo-Sanguineum, Bar-
batulum, Uhrysanthum, Cretaceuni, Chrysotoxum, Cras-
sinoda, ttalliousianum, Devonianum, Ebumeum, tal-
conerii, ftmbriatuni occulatum, formosum giganteum,
Luteoluin, macrophyllum giganteum, Parishii, Iier-
ardii latitolia Suavissimum, Wardianum, Dearii, Thy-
rsiflorum, Jamesaanum, Nodatum, Densiflorum,
Schriederi, Ac. ..„...,

LffiLIAS— Ani-c)>3,S;uiicrbicii9,Alba,Dawsomi, Pernnn,(EC,

tVCASTESKINNEKII— .\nrandwinter-floweringOrchid.

ODON roGLO,SSlISIS— ( irande, Bictoniensis, Rossii majus,
Pliahnnopsis, Kramerii, Roszlii, Crispum, Pescatorca,&c.

PH^LANOPSIS— Amabilis, Schilleriana, CornuUer\i, Ac.

SACCOLABIUM — Bluniei majus, Guttatum, Ampula-

ceum, Violaceum, Curvifolium giganteum, Retusera, &c.

Masdevallias ; Tricopilia; Vadas ; Barkerias; Chysis ;

Corj'anthes; Phaius; Stanhopeas; Sobralia ; Utneularias.

With many rare drchids. Catalogue on application.

tnohS

TIIIK'r\' ^'EAUS' «'xperi»'nci' in the buMiiiCNN,

r."'h;::;"',,';,v.;?:,',Vegetable,Flpwer&Fiel[l Seeds.

il N)tn<Tif>r <|iiant>.th>

iilly fi.r I'

Fur iiiiril\, \ ilaliM .

IK. I t»- eXCI'llcil, .■-lir.llillV fi.r th.iM' uilM ;i],iavfl.ltl-

choice stock 111 Scc'ls. .V trial isri-qui-^t. d.auiUhi-y will
n-.' iiiiLirijii tiKinsrh. .... SiiiitliN Sccil riitnlf>Riiei
witliMlril lists.. 1 V. :.-.tu).l.', Fl. .\viTnn.ll'i.-ldSc..ds.aU(l
Hiill.s, alB. . Iiiii.l..lii.-litsali.l(i;.r.l.MiU<..|iiisit.s,inail.'.lto
allal.l.luaiitK, FIlKf: \V,>I. II. S.>l I'l'll. .Sccdninilll.
(Lat.-..|tli.-liniiof Hciiry A r>r.,r) nujl AnCI PUlA

WASHINGTON, D. C.

J. R.& A. MURDOCH

Pittsburgh, Pa.

New Roses, Chrysanthemums, and Cle-
matis. Novelties in Flower and Vege-
table Seeds. Hardy Azaleas, Japan
Maples, Rhododendrons, Fruit and Or-
namental Trees and Vines. Bedding
Plants, Lawn Grass, etc. New Illustra-
ted Catalogue free.

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS,

SEEDSMEN AND NCKSERIMBN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. .Send 2Bc. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
lor New work. ftf

TOBACCO STEMS,

In bales weighing .500 lbs. each, at 86.00 per bale, or three

bales for SX2. 00.

I TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board of boats or car*.

D12 Straiton 6l Storm,

j 204-208 Bast 27th St., New York City.

LOUIS BOEHMER,

EXPORTER OF

hwa Plants, Bis, ht, k.

NOS. 4.

5 <Sc 2 8 Bt.tJFT,

Prices on application.

[fl2]

YOKOHAMA. JAPAN.

TJIDE

FRUIT CULTURE.

t

N a 8iiT„|.t.,..us1y ilhistrnKHi
b.>..k ..f ..V.J- t<> l"'.t-"'''v ',V
l.indH. piv.s li<>n.-.t 'I'-w-np-
tionK of nil worthy «>n»U
FYuilBniirt ..ther.s; repriijent-
inK thol.iri.'.-..t »t...l; in the

12

U.S. Tt,-ont«liis full Insfru. tl..n« f.ir pin ntinK. pnmlne
and olilalnliiB FniH Tr.-..s .wl plnnls ; ''n'i," '"'Vm.rr-

tonimti..n invnlnnhle tonll liit.rrsteil Iti fni-. ,-v,. ,
.■8p..,.lnlly b.-t-l..nen.. rri.a-. with pla r« ,"';--,„'Vl',!;
pluU-»K-. lYlecIWafrco. Wo ship tu uU |K)lntB safelj.

J. T. LOrUTT, Little Silver, Ifew Jer**V>

CLEMATIS

1 A large collection at much reduced prices. ROSES, pot-
grown, cheap. VERBENAS, line bushy plant*. *3 per 100.

I AH other Greenhouse and Bedding Plants will be sold at
very low prices.

! GEROLD ALTORFER,

\ mh2 West Chester, Pa.

SIBERIAN ARBOR VTTi€7

10 to l--iii., - years tp'd.

HEMLOCK, 10 to 12-in., 3 years tp'd. NORWAY

SPRUCE, 8 to 12 and Loin. tp'd. CHEAP IN LOTS.

Also RARE NEW EVERGREENS, 8 to 1'2 in. Send

for Frice List to

J. BUTXERXON,
mh2 Tlie London Nursery, Haimnonton, N. J.

PATENT BINDER

For the Gardhnsr's Monthly. Numbers filed with the greate*t
eonvenicDce. Preserve them filed tor reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 40
oesUMich. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price, Addreu,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 8X4 Chestnut 8t. PhlU.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

19

-SEND EOR PRICES-

ALL THE LEADING VARIETIES GROWN,

Well Rooted in 2'.-inch Pots.

THE FLORAL EXCHANGE, 614 Chestnut St., Phila., Pa.

TUBEROSE BUL8S, PEARL ^ DOUBLE.

Pearl, 1st size per l'». S3.00; per nmo. S25.00

2nd size (Hiooming) •• 2.00; " I8.00

Double, 1st size " 2.25; " 20.00

2nd size (Blooming) " 1.75; " I5.0O

NEW CROP XOW READY. ALL BULBS GUARANTEED PURE.

ENGLE & BRO., Nurserymen and Florists.

Established 1853.

[.!:,.■>.]

MARIETTA, PA.

ARE WARRANTED

FiU.ST-«'I,A>S in every
KE.SPIiCT. FrWKQUAL,

NONli BETTIill

rnP ISSQKwillbo sent FREE

run 1000toallwh..«-ntotorit

It 13 a Handsome Bonk of 1 *.iO nndjes, hundreds of beantiful new iJlnfltratinne. two <'olored Plates, and
t<"Us all abi.nt tbe bwt Fnrm and Garden Seeils, including OIPOKTAMT Novelties of Real Merit.
Farmers. Markrf. ( lardniiHrs. and Planters who want THE BEST SEK1>.S at THE LOWEST PRICKS,

Tar.^Ii^':^ W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., PHILflPELPHJA, PA.

RIIRPFF'^ SEEDS

DUIiriBk V FARM ANNUAL FO

Special Offer for 1885 JOHN SAUL'S

ROSES IN 2-INCH POTS,

N1PHET0.S, Pekles, t'ATii. Mei'.met, Bon Sieene, »6 per

101) Safkako. *5 per liiO.

.500 of any or all the above for iSas.OO.

VERBENAS outof sand, » I per lOO, «8 per IIKXI ; Thumb
pots. «20 per 11)00. New Verbena, America, *1 per doz.
CARNATIONS out of sand well rooted ; Pkiladelphia
Crimson King, La Pi-rite, Sl.as per Hit); SIO per 1000.
Peter Henderson and Snowden, S1.50 per 100; *15
per UWO. GERANIUMS, fine plants, 2-lu. pots, »4 per 100.
IMPATIENS SULTANA, SI per doz. New Alyssum,
Benthami compactum, very fine, SI per doz. X% best
varieties of Double Petunias for SI. Also 6 best varie-
ties of Heliotropes. »1 per doz. Carnations are very
fine and going fast. Order early as prices may advance
later in the season.

Satisfaction guaranteed as to quality of plants. Our usual
terms to old customers. C. O. D. orders for unknown cus-
tomers must be accompanied with 25 per cent, cash to insure
reception of the goods.

f4

DeWITT BROTHERS, Bristol, Pa.

FINE

FOR SALK BV

GEORGE ACHELIS,

WEST CHESTER, PA.

NEW MONTHLY PELARGONIUM

(FRED DORNER.)

Fine Stock Plants now in bud and bloom, .3-inch pots, S2G
per 100; 4- inch pots, »35 per lOO. Double White Primroses,
2-inch pots, «15 per 100. Other choice stock cheap. Afldress
for Pnce list.
f2 JOHN G. HEINI., Terre Haute, Ind.

hRBRRY

A full history of this valuable fruit
with a beautiful cut of the fruit
FREE. Please send your address
on a postal. mh2

DELOS STAPLES, West Sebewa, Ionia Co., Mioh.

B

UULl

CATALOGUE OF

\\\ Ears ad buiitul Plafits lor ISSS,

Is full in all the really good new phmts that have appeared
durinfr the year; with rioh collections of Fine Foliage and
other Greenhouse and Hot-hoase Plants, well grown and
at low prices, free to all our customers: to othei-s 10 cents,
or a plain copy free.

An immense stock of all the New French and Eng:lish
Varieties. Pot grown at cheap rates. New Kose Catalogue

tree.

Of this very beautiful plant a most extensive collection is
grown. The plants are tine.

NEW SINGLE DAHLIAS.

Single Dahlias. Plants and Seeds from Ware's Collec-
tion, the finest in England "This strain is the finest in the
trade." See plate in Catalogue.

A very large collection of rare orchids— well-established
plants and specimens — East Indian^ South American, &c.
Catalogues free.

SI, Washinsloii, D. C.

Peach, Pear, Apple. Plum, Quince,
Apricot, &c. Grafts l)y mail. Niagara
Grape. 50,000 Raspberries, Straw-
berries, Evergreen and Deciduous
Trees. Price list free.
JOSIAH A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Chester Co., Fa.

TREES

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

PLANTS for FLORISTS

Large Surplus Slock 'I'l'^ted to tlie trade this montli, very
low, l>> itiL- ii (I. Semi for prices. Alternanthera aiirea nan;i,
Ac; Ageraluins; Becionias, best sorts; Bouvarilia, Double i
and Siiif^Ie; Canna Kheiiianii, tie.; Cobea scandens; Carna- I
tions, new sorts; Chrysantiiemnms, Thorp's new sorts;!
Calla-s. S and 4-in. pots ; Clematis, 12 best sorts; Cyclamen; |
Dahlias, dry roots; Daphna odorata: Daisies, of sorts;'
Fuchsias, new sorts; Geraniums, ]00 sorts; Hydrangeas, j
1 and 2 years: Hoya Cornosa, strong; Ivies, English ; Lan-
tanas, 10 sort.s; Roses, all the new sorts; Streptosolon !
Jamesoni ; Stephenotis flonbunda; Double Violets; Harily !
Shrubs, pot-grown, nO sorts, (.'atalogues and Price List free. I

tmh2 PAUL BUTZ & SON, New Castle, Pa. j

Surplus Stock

Lantanas— "McMahon" best Scarlet, ^i fyO per 100 from |

BnsoniA Rex, from 3-in. pots $ 5 OH per 100 I

Alternanthera, 3 vars. 2^^-in. pots 3 Olf " j

Begonia rubra, 23^-in. pots 3 00 " i

Carnations, 2' o-in. pots 2 .^> *'

strong. 5 and 6-in. pots 12 00 "

Trailing Vincas, 3-in. pots 5 00 "

Deatzia gracilis, 4-in. pots 6 00 *'

BouvardiHS, old plants from root cuttings, 5 vars., 7oc. per
doz ; 60 Poiusettias, from o to 8-in. pots— the tot for 87,50,
Cinerarias, from o and 6 in-i)ots, $1.2-5 per doz. Address,

A. R. REINEMAN & BRO.,

39 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

the: GR1EA.T Nsvr quince:

MEECH'S PROLIFIC.

The most wonderful of all new fruits. Beautiful pho-
tograph of branch of fruit, and circular giving descrip-
tion, directions in culture, method of pruning, valuable
receipts, interesting articles from the press, etc. all free.
Ltirgest stock of Mulberry Trees in America. 8end for
circular and price li>t. HANCE & BORDEN, Red Bank,
N. J., and 31 Fulton St., N. Y. 14

PRICES CUT FLOWERS

For March, 1885.

Roses.— Vr'.'in

d'un Ami. Niphcto;
<fe Mixed Hoses, .50c
2nd Best, Si 50 ^ lUO

$1,011^ doz.; Malmaison, La France, VSc.
; Mermets, Si. 25^ doz.; Perles, Souv.
HOc. %t doz.; Adam, Bonsilene, Douglas
W iloz.; $4.1)0 ft 100; Mixed Best. 84.00;
Perles A Souv. d'un Ami, $i.00 ^ K'"-

Povnotinno White, Red and Mixed Colors, Long

UarilallUlla. stems, Sl.Si per 100.

Mixp)! Colo:

Violets.

Mixed Colors, Short !Stira<, 81. Oil per lOO.

7.5c. I Cmil'iv $1.50^ doz. Flowers
"ft 100. I OimioA. cut fresh everyday;
we sell only own growing. No charge for packing ; our pack-
ages will go 1,000 miles by Express in good order.

I. C. WOOD & BRO., Fishklll, N. ¥.

Select [xtra-Tropical Planls,

Readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalization,
■with indicattions of their native countries, and some of
their uses, by Baron Ferd, Von Mueller, K. C. M. G., M. D.,
Ph. D., F. R S., Government Botanist of Australia; Hon-
orary or Corresponding; Member of Scientific Societies and
Academies in Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco,
Chicago, Kingston, Mexico, Caracas, Buenos Ayres.

The question of tree culture is one to which the people of
thifii country must, before the lapse of many years, of neces-
Bity give their attention. In Baron von Mueller's book the
trees and plants not indif^enous to this country, but capable
of cultivation here, are given, with such descripticm of them
and of the particular sections to which they are adapted, as
makes it an indispensable work to those interested in ini-
provinp our native floral wealth. American edition, revised
and enlarged. 460 pages. Octavo. Cloth. Price, S3.00; mailed,
TK>B^paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Crab Apple Pips

THE IIMPORTED FRENCH NATURAL APPLE SEED, CROP 1884.

Many nurserymen who have used it will never plant any-
other seed in future. It is worth double any Americin seed.
It is hand-pickeil, tree from false seed, stems, Ac. Absolutely
pure seed ; pro{luces enormous crops of hardy, vigorous
roots.

PRICE, S9.00 PER BUSHEL.

Try it. Orders for small lots ;inswered. 50o. per lb. by mail.

D. M. DEWEY,

Importer. Itmj Rochester, N. Y.

d6

ENGRMINGpaiiaPH.

NO DRAWING REQUiRko.
ND HAND WORK NECESSARY-

SEND (CHEAP. ARTISTIC.

.FOR ) CROSSCUP i.WEST ENG.CO.

jinmm

wA»j-<j.i.i».^i.i<»».->wj.ii»win

Indian Azaleas,

TRADE SIZES AND SPECIMENS.

Mollis and GUent Azaleai, Rhododenrons, CamelliaSr
Ordiids, Palms and General European Stuck. Apply to

A.. VA.N GEERT,

mhtf Continental Nurseries, Ghent. Belgium.

HOW TO PROPAGATE

GROW FRUIT

BY CHAS. A. GREEN.

llvJ|A^!'4^ r^'-^

64 pages. Octavo. Illnstrated with 2 colored plates and
over fifty engravinps. Price. '"Jnth, SI <tO. Pai>cr. ."iO cents.
Prepaid by mail. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

SWEET POTATO CULTURE.

GIVING FULL IN.STRUUTIONS KHOM

STARTING THE PLANTS TO HARVESTING
AND STORING THE CROP.

WITH A CHAPTER ON THE CHINESE YAM.

BY JAMKS FITZ,

Keswick, Va., author of "Southern Apple and Peftoh
Culturist. " Paper cover. Price, Post-paid, 40 cents.
Address, CU A8. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Btroet, PhiU,

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

NewDoubleWhite Mignonette FOREIGN GRAPE YINEQ

i COD r>.DADPDIP<S ^^

o

a
o
o

«

e
■d

c3

u

PRICE:

FOR GRAPERIES

{ One year old vines, $1.00 each.
f Two year old vines, $2.00 each.

Bowood Muscat,
I Muscat Hamburg,
; Canon Hall Muscat,
I Madresfield Court Muscat,

Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat,

Muscat of Alexandria,

Black Prince.

Black Alicante,

Black Barbarossa,

Black St. Peter's,

Buckland Sweetwater,

Calabrian Raisin,

Chasselas de Fontainebleau,

Chasselas White,

Chasselas Golden,

Duchess of Buccleuch,

Frontignan White.

Catalogue sent tree on application.
We would also call special attention to our stock of

Camellias. Azaleas, Acacias, Roses anil general collection

of winter-lilootning ornamental foliage and bedding plants

THE BEST NOVELTY OF THE SEASON.

Unlike many of the so-called "White" varieties, which
liave really Vieen only a dull gray color and having little
fragrance, the "Snowball" is pure white, very full and
<ioubIei and possessed nf the true Mignonette odor. To its
many good <iualities it adtis the charm of regularity of

frowth, forming compact pyramids densely covered with
loom, giving to the plant a very attractive appearance. It
makes an admirable pot plant and is certain to find ready sale.

HENRY A. DREER, Seedsman and Florist,

No. 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Clematis Jackmannii,

strong, 835 and »40 per 100, the so-calloil Superba variety.

^%^i^«..A,. Itiiported, all leading kinds. 2^.: to 3 feet
IK OSes high, IS150.00 per th.msand.

H. WATERER,

Importer ol Plants and Bulbs, '
3809 Powelton Avenue, Philadelphia

GARDENING FOR PROFIT.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

New and enlarged edition. Illustrated. 276 Pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price, 51.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

Art of Propagation.

A Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and Every-
body, 32 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 25 cuts, price 60
cuts. Mailea, postage free, on receipt ol price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Cb^tnnt <=♦ . PK-la

Frontignan Grizzly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg Wilmot's,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria,
Lady Down's Seedling,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz,
Trentham Black,
White Nice,
White Syrcan,
AA'hite Sweetwater,
White Tokay.

DAVID FERGDSSON k SONS, Lanrel Hill Nnrsenes,

t.f.l2

Ridge and Lehlgli Avenues, Philadelphia, Pa

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS.

for the Amateur and Prq/essional Florist. Illustrated. 288 pages,
i2mo, cloth. Price, $1.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of

^^''^' Address. CHAS H. MAROT,

di4 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia-

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

Giving Description, History, Cultivation, Propagation, Dl»-
eases. &c.

Beautifully Illustrated.

276 pages. 12Tno, cloth. Price 81..50. Sent by mail, post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT. S14 Chestnut St.. Pbiln

AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY.

By Robert Buist.
With practical directions for the Culture of Plants in Flower-
Garden, Hot-House, Green-House, Rooms, or Parlor Windows,
for every month of the year. Instructions for erecting Hot-
bouse, GreCL house, and laying out a Flower garden. Instruc-
tion for cultivating, propagating, pruning and training the
Grapi vine and description of best sorts for the opm air. 34
pages. 12mo, cloth. PriceSl 50. Sent by mail post paid on receipt
of price. CHAS. H. MAROT,

Rl-' -I.M^It..,. ^* "' ■-..

CHOP STOVE UNO GBEENHOOSE PLANTS,

By Benj. S. WUUams, F. R. H. S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
varieties. Instructions for their cultivation and mod>' of manage-
ment, nhtstrated with colored frontispiece and numerous
splendid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth. Price
S5.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 (Chestnut St.. Phlif.

INJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

By MARY TREAT.

Fully Illustrated. 288 pages. 12mo, cloth.
Price, 82.00 by mail, post paid. Address,

("IIA.S. H. MAROT, Nil Clicwtmit St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

tjaS

SEED Warranted to Crow.

1- r.'flUc.t ^Tjitis. I t):ivi- si.lii ve:;.'rat.|.- ami howt r

^1 I ,1 iiiillidii lariiierrt aiitl gurtieners in th<-

iteii St;il'>. perhaps some are your in-iiJilibors, if so ask

ifm wln'tlicr they are reliable. Mr. 'riionias Henshall of

Trny,Iviiiisjis. writes me: "For 26 years I have dealt with

I'l. 1 have lived in Iowa. Missouri. Colorado, and Kjui-

-. iind no matter what the hoil or climate, rlje i-'miIi

[> jilwavs the same, to wit: — religiously honest

good." 'rhi> t-; the kind of seed I raise and s*n. rin-

Hubbard nnd MaibW'head Sq»ia**Ii. IMarblebeacI

orii, Marblehead (abbatces, Ohio Potato, Eclipse

lieet, are >oiiie u( tlie venotablesof which 1 was the original iii-

iucer. A Fair with $5U0in premiums. Seemy cataloaue.freetoall.

iVI KS J H. <;R£G0R Y, (Seed Grower). Marblehead. Mass

IftTayside Floiftrers

B«lng a compilation of thirty-one of the beautiful plates from "Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States" and 128 pp. ol text

Sir THIOIMI^^S IMIEElUJLnsr,

Author of "The Native Flowers and Ferns of U. S. ;" Professor of Vegetable Pliysiology in Penna. State Board of
Agriculture ; Editor of The Gakdener's Monthly ; Vice-President Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila.

This work is appropriate for AN ELEGANT PRESENT. Siilendid paper and typography ; Bound in fine clotti,
berllled boards, gilt edges. The balance of the edition for sale at retail only. Only a few more copiet left.

Bent by mai postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

INMODS TO FROITS,

By Wm. Saunuers, F. R. S. C.

Dedicated to the Fruit Growers of America. 8 vo., cloth,
pp. 436. Illustrated with 440 Wood Cuts. Price 83.00 by
mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

Fruit Growers' Hand-Book,

By F. R. Elliott author of " Western Fruit Growers' Guide"
(one oi the best pasted men on the subject in the United States).
Contains the practice on all subjects connected with fruit growing.
The book is made for those who grow iruit for their own use Also
an Appendix, containing matter relating to the selection and culture
of Ornamental Trees, Roses, Plants, &c. Illustrated with 45 wood-
cuts, 130 pages, i6mo, cloth, $1 ; paper, 60 cts. Sent by mail
postpaid on receipt of price* Address.

CHAS. H MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

FOR THE NATURALIST AND ANGLER.

Paris & Mm of Paris

considered in reUtlon to the wants of OTHER CITIES, and ol
PUBLIC and PRIVATE GROUNDS.

By WM. ROBINSON.

Splendidly and profusely illustrated, pp. 648. OcUvo. frici
87.60. Mailed post-paid on receipt of pnce.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Wheat Culture;

Hew to touble the Yield and Increase the Profits.
Bv D.S. CURTISS.

72 pages, illustrated. Price 60 cents, mailed, post-paid, on r©.
cetpt of price . Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Pbil*.

DR. JAMES A. HENSHALL'S

BOOK OF THE BLACK BASS.

Comprising its complete Scientific and Life Histories, to-
gether with a Practical Treatise on Angling and Fly-flshing,
and a full account of Tools, Tackle ana Implements.

Large 12nio. 460 pages. Fully Illustrated. Price, 83.00.
Sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of the price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

The Botanist's Pocket Book.

4th Edition, cloth limp, pp. 208. By W. B. Hayward.
Containing the Botanical Name, Common Name, Soil and
Situation, Growth and Time of Flowering of every Plant,
arranged under its own Order. Price $1.70. Mailed, postage
free.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

PRACTICAL

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise on the Propagation anH Culture of the Camellia J»-
ponica, by Robert J. Halliday. Illustrated with Five Colored
Plates and 50 Wood Engravings. 12mo, pp. 141, cloth. Price, J2.00.
.Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Su, Philadelphia.

FARMING

WITH

ON PLUMCROVE FARM,

BV C. MAKLAN. M.D.

269 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price 81.00, mailed, post-paid, on recelp'
>fprice Address CHAS. H MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

London Gardener's Chronicle

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers inthcU.S.foc
•e.3S per year. Apply to

CHAS. H.MAROT,AKeBt,Si4 Chestnut St. .PhlU.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

23

30 FINEST VARIETIES. NO RUST OR MILDEW.

We otlA'r t'xtra line plants irrown in 2'.^-iTi. p<its at $2.60
per ICKi; $20.00 per liTOii. r'ael;e(l liRht and satisfaction
guarauteeil.

J. L. DILLON, Florist,
tinyl2 Bloomsburg. Pa.

The Scientific Angler

Being a general and instructive work on Artistic Angling.
By the late David Foster.

Containing: the habits and haunts of fisli, bottnui fishing
(general), pike fishing, spinning for trout, worm fishing for
trout, i^ruli fishing for grayling, piscatorial entomology, on
fly making, ny fisliiug fortrout and grayling, live fly and
beetle fisliing. notes on the month tor tiy fishing, salmon
and sea trout tishing, about hooks.

Pp. 2^7. Illustrated. Cloth. 12mo. Price, post-paid, S1.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL HINTS^

On the selection and use of the

MICROSCOPE,

Intended for beginners, by John Phin,
Editor of the Am Journal of Microscopy. Fourth and en-
larged edition. Profusely illustrated; 240 pp . I2mo, cloth.
Price, $1.00. Mailed, post-paid, on rereipt of prlcf Address.
rHA8- H MAROT. 814 rhewtnut St.. Phila.

JOHIVSO¥S~GYGldPlm

■4 vols, bound in J^ turkey in first-rate order at S10.(Xi, bv
express at purchaser's cost. This is a rare chance. Hpeak
quickly. Liable to be sold at any moment. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT,' SU Chestnut Wt., Phila.

We are still otfering Great Bargains in Shade Trees of
all sizes. Large Norway Sprace — Ketinospora obtasa*
4 fort ; American Arborvitie and a Geunral Assortment
to close out the Business.

tf3

(Nursery) Babylon, L. I.

N. Y.

iim

ANTHONY WATERER,

Knap Hill Nursery. Woking. Eng.

mm •

1,

Write for Catalogue and infor-
mation to

H. WATERER,

Importer of Plants and Bulbs,
3809 POWELTON AVE.,

PHILADELPHIA.

YOUR PLANTS

BY JA5IE.S SHEEHAS.

PLAIN and PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS for tbe TREAT-
MENT of TENDER .and HARDY PLANTS in the

hoxjse: jknh cs-z^rden.

12mo, paper, 79 i>ages. Price, mailed, post-paid, 40 cents.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Orneilal Garimc ^ ifflerlcaiis

A Treatise on Beautifying Homes, Rural Districts, Towns
and Cemeteries. By BHias A. Long. 381 pages, 12 mo, cloth.
Illustrated. Sent by mail prepaid for S2.00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

A MANUAL OF THE CONIFERS.

BY JAMES VEITCH.

With Numerous Woodcut Plates and Letter Press Illustrations. 340 pp., 8vo., neatly bound in cloth.

Price $3.00, mailed, postage free.

CONTENTS.

Part I.— General Keview of the Order. Structure of Coniferous Wood— Vegetation, Roots, Stem, Foliage —
Fructification, Flowers, Cones, Seeds— Secretions and Resinous products— Accidents and Diseases— Distribution-
Scientific Classification. Ac, &c.

Part II.— Synopsis of Genera, Species and Varieties snltable for the climate of Great Britain. Including
a Tabular Arrangement of these with their Synonyms, Popular Names, Native Country, Height in Feet— Full descrip-
tions of all the most important trees, with supjilementary notes on their habitat, history, use, culture, Ac, <fec.

Part III.— The Planting of Coniferie as a Branch of British Arboriculture and Horticulture. Select lists
of kinds suitable for the various purposes for which they are planted. The Pinetum, Park and Pleasure Ground —
Terrace and Geometric Garden, Winter Bedding, Avenues, Memorial iTees, Cemeteries. Coniferous Trees valuable for
Timber— Cultural Notes, &c., <fcc.

This work has received the high enconiums of the English and French Horticultural papers, and the Gardeners'
Monthly, as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scientific and indispensable to those naving an intelligent interest
in Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete without it.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent for U. S., 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

Book for beginners with the Microscope, Phin, boards, fully Illustrated • "SO

Cements and Glue, Phin, stiff covers -^S

Chemical History of the Six Days of Creation, Phin, 12nio, cloth •75

Common Objects for the Microscope, Wood, 400 Illustrations, 12 colored plates 50

Diatoms, A. Mead Edwards, 12mOj cloth 75

Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements, Brown, Eleventh Edition 1.00

How to Use the Microscope, Phin, 86 Engravings, tinted paper, r2mo 1.00

Lectures in a Workshop, Pemberton, 12mo, cloth 1.00

Micr(K*i-ope and Its Revelations, Carpenter, pp. 882, cloth, 26 plates, 500 Engravings 6.50

Microscopical Examination of Drinking Water, McDonald, 8vo, cloth, 24 plates !8.7/>

One Thousand Objects for the Microscope, Cooke, 12 plates, 500 figures, r2mo, boards .. ""

Ponds and Ditches, M. C. Cooke, 12mo, cloth

Section Cutting: To Prepare and Mount Sections for Microscope, Marsh, 12mOf cloth.
Shooting on the Wing, by an Old Gamekeeper, 12mo, cloth

Steel Square and Its Uses, Hodgson, cloth

Wood Engraving, Instruction in the Art, Fuller, fully Illustrated
MftUed, post free, on receipt of price.

.SO
.76
.76
.75
.75
.»0

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

a4

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

JOHN SJLXT

CATALOGUES OF

Plaits, Seefls, Trees, k.

Catalogue of New, Rare anil Beautiful Plants, issued In
February, witb a colored plate, free.to customers. Toothers
10 cents, or a plain copy free.

CATALOGUE OF ROSES.

AJl the novelties as well ;is stamlaril sort*, well-grown pot
plants at low rates.

CATALOGUE OF ORCHIDS.

Cool, Intermediate ami Tropieal Orchids. An immense
stock of well-established plants.

CATALOGUE OF SEEDS.

Seeds of the finest strain of Single Dahlias, Florist Flowers,
with other novelties of value among flowers and vegetal>lep.

CATALOGUE OF FRUITS.

All the standard Fruits, Pears, AppIes.Peaches, Small Fruits.
The stock is large, well-grown, and moderate in price.

Ornamental Trees. Evergreens, Shrubs, Vines,
are extensively ^own.

«c..

Catalogues of Roses, Orchids, Seeds, Fruits, Trees, &c.. Free.

a

JOHN SAUL,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day Handbook for tlic Farm. Full
of Lal)or-8aving devices and Home-made contiivance.s,
within the reach of all. Contains the best ideas gathered
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CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HODSEHOLD^CONyENIENCES

Being the experience of many practical writers. Bring-
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have found useful in their own homes. The "Conveniences"
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
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Manual of Accidents and Emergencies,

Or how to avoid accidents and what to do when they occur,

with notes on the Preservation of Health. Compiled for the
Qse of Teachers, Students, and the Industrial Classes,

By Geo. A. Gkoff, M. D.,

of the University of Lewisburg, Pa. pp 92, 12 mo. boards,
price 50 cents by mail post-wain.
Address. CH \S. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations OD their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
P<«-Kose,

byWM. PAUL.

Ot paees, cloth, lllastrsted. Price, SI OO

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

OHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chesuul Street, PhlU.

New Canna Brilliantissima.

This Canna originated with me in 1881. It is a hybrid
between Annie Discolor and Pres. Faiver. It grows com-
pact in hill ; is tall ; leaves, long, narrow, lustrous metallic
purple. For strong endorsement of Thomas Meehan, see
October No. of Uakdeners' Monthly, page 294. It was
awarded highest premium for "plant of merit" at 111. State
Fair, 1KS4. Sound sets will be sent by mail, guaranteed, at
)»1 each. Address, at Washington Heights. 111.

tmh P. S. HEFFRON.

JUST PUBLISHED.

The Sportsman's Gazetteer,

BY CHARLES HALLOCK.

New, Revised and Enlarged Edition.

This well-known volume, comprising 1,000 pages, passed
throucli six editions, and became the recognized authority
in both continents on matters pertaining to Field Sports.
It has now been revised under the personal supervision oX
the author, who, since the appearance of the last edition,
has largely extended his knowledge ot the snbject.8 treated
by three years' travel over new portions of the United
States and Canadas, which have not liitherto been brought
to the immediate attention of sportsmen. This revised
edition contains entirely new matter in several depart-
ments, a newly engraved portrait of the author, new maps,
and many fine illustrations representing Game Birds, Game
Dogs, Game Fishes, etc., etc. Price, post-paid, $3.00.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Simplities the art of Reckoning, and is worth its weight in
gold to every Farmer, Mechanic and Business man, especially
those not thoroughly versed in figures. .ShowsAT A glance,
the CORRECT answer to nearly 100,000 business examples in
all kinds of GRAIN, Stock, Hay, Coal, Cotton, Merchandise,
INTEREST, Wages, Si easurements of Lumber, Logs, Cisterns,
Tanks, Granaries, Wagon Beds, Com Cribs, Cord wood. Hay,
Lands, Carjienter.s', I'Tasterers', Bricklayers' work, etc. It
also TEACHES entirely new, easy and practical RULES
for RAPID business calculations, which even a child can com-
prehend. It is neatly printed and bound, and is a ready
and LIGHTNING Calculator, Memorandum, perpetua I. Cal-
endar and Pocket-bocdi ul,ineil, all for the price of a com-

mcm diary in similar binding. 7'2 pages and 60 pages addition-
al of blank memorandum.

No. 1, Eng. Cloth, plain, witb memorandum, t .50
No. 2, " with slate, pocket, flap and mem. .75
No. 3, Full Leather, " " " 1.08
No. 4, " Morocco, " " " l-2»
No. 5, " Russia, " " " 1.50
No. 6, " RussiaCalt," " " 2.00
Nos 3, 4, 5 and 6 have renewable diaries. Nos. 5 and 6
are gilded. Sent POST paid, on receipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMUEL B. PAR.SONS.

A treatise on the Propagation. Culture and History of the
Rose. Illustrated. '215 pages r2mo., cloth. Price Sl.oO. Sent
by mail post-paid on roceipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henry T. Williams.

Devoted specially to the Culture of Flowers and Ornamental
Plants for Ln-door use and Parlor Decoration. Splendidly lUiia-
trated. 300 pages, med. 8vo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt ol price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

SUrh.' ♦ntit St .riiila.

BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

By Josiah Hoopes.

A practical treatise on the Coniferse or Cone-bearing plants.
Hauusomely iltustrated. 485 pages, r2mo, cloth. Price $3,00>
Sent by maU post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

SUChe^Uut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

as

Home prowni and imported, for forcing or the garden,
all the prize varieties, inuluding,

"MERVEILLE DE LYON,"

le 1000, 100 or 12. Descriptive price lists to applic
dress,

WILLIAM H. SPOONER,

Jamaica I'lafn, ItoHton, Ala

■^T E AC H I N G ^

«ja3

M Raspberry Marlboro, .C'l^^la™ ^l''-
Grape Niagara, together with a

colored plate of the GoosebelTy flee. „ „„
ELLWAKUEK & BARRY,
jf3 BTt. ITope Nnrsericg. Rochester, N. Y.

so,ooo

^ O01C[

Nice lar^e plants
free from rust and
iiiililew, *3.50iieT
IMI; »20 per 1000.

AND SELF-TEACHING BY

NATURAL METHODS.

ct.s

The New Botany, by Prof. Beal, paper, Price 25

Industrial Education in the Public Schools, by Prof.

Straight, paper 15

How to Use Vvood- Working Tools, by Geo. I^eonard

Chaney, cloth 50

GUIDES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING.
Published under the Auspice.'^ of Boston Society of

Natural History.
No. I— About Pebbles, by Prof. Alpbeus Hyatt, paper 15
II — Concerning a Few Common Plants, by Prof.

Goodale, paper 25

" HI — Commercial and other Sponges, by Prof. A.

Hyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

*' IV— First Lesson in Natural History, by Mrs. EHiza-

beth Agassiz, Illustrated, paper 35

" V — Common Hvdroids, Corals and Echinoderms, by

Prof. A. ft vatt, Idustrated, paper 30

*' VI— MoUusca; Oyster, Clam and other Common

Mollusks, by Prof. A. Hvatt, paper. 111 35

" VU— Worms and Crustacea, by t'rof. A. Hyatt, Illus-
trated, paper 35

'■ XII— Common Minerals and Rocks, by Prof. W. O.

Crosby, paper 35

Any of above maUed post paid on receipt of price.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Forester,

BY JAMES BROWN, LL.D.,

Inspector and Reporter! Woods and Forests, Ontario. A
Practical Treatise on the Planting, Rearing and General
Management of Forest Trees. 5th Edition, Enlarged and
Improved. Profusely Illustrated. Royal 8vo, H Roan, pp.
898. Price, $10.00, by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HOW THTTARlFPAYSy

77i« £hy)eriences of UO years of iSnccess/ul Farming and
Gardening^ by the authors

WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

Profusely Illustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
Price prepaid, by mail S2 50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FOR

YOUNG AND OLD.

The Cultivation at Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden

BY JOSEPH HARRIS, M. S.

Illustrated. 191 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
♦1.25, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HOW TO RAISE FRUIT

By THOMAS GREGG.

A Hand-book of Fruit Culture, being a Guide to the proper Cul-
itivatlon and Management ot Fruit Trees, and of Grapes and small
Fruits. 184 pages, i2mo, cloth, fully illustrated. Price, ^i. 00. Sent
hy mail post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

Begonia metalica SIB.OO per 100

Mad. Solleroi Geranium 6 00 "

Impatiens Sultana 6.00 "

DUDLEY BROS.. Parkersburg.JW.^Va.

THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES,

BV B. J. KENDALL, M.D.

With the real essential inrormation relative to each disease. Will
save many times its cost. Gives cause, symptoms and best treat-
merit of diseases. Table with the doses, effects and antidotes of
principal medicines used, and a few pages on action and uses of
medicines. Rules for telling age of Horse and fine engraving show-
ing appearance of the teeth each year. A large collection of valu-
ible recipes. Printed on fine paper 7 Wx5 inches : nearly 100 pages,
35 engravings. Price, 25 cents. Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt
of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Phda.

lortnimcinSylya

5 vols., 156 colored plates, in 30 parts:

In parts, unV)Ound ^* *^

" Halt Turkey Morocco, antique gilt '"'0

"Full " " " ^5 00

" Cloth, gilt top '^ "0

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Art of Grafting and Budding

BY CHARLES BALTET,
Appropriately and fully illustrated by 186 cuts, showing
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ble. Price $1.2.5 mailed, postage free. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street Phlla.

pRACTICAlTTORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigfnous Trees of the United SUtes, both
Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 pages, fine cloth. Price S1..50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut. St., Phlla.

Hand-book of Useful Tables

For the Lumberman, Farmer and Mechanic, containing ac-
curate tables of logs reduced to inch board measure, plank,
scantling and timber measure ; wages and rent by week or
month • capacity of granaries, bins and cisterns ; land
measures ; interest tables, with direction for finding the
Interest on any sum at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 per cent, and many
other useful tables. Revised and enlarged edition, 182 pp.,^
25 cents. MaUed, postage free on receipt of price. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

By Edward Spragues Rand, Jr.

A treatise on Hatdy and Tender bulbs and Tubers. 369 pages, lamo,

doth. Price, $a. 50. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt ol prica.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

26

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

The 25 varieties offered were seleoted in and imi)orted
from Japan and reflowered and re-selected in this city tliis
fall. They are the cream of the newest Chinese and Japanese
kinds, beinj; great acquisitions on account of their distinct-
ness, enormous flowers and free blooming qualiliea. Price,
$13.50 the set; send for list

H. WATERER, Importer of Plants and Bulbs,

3809 PoweltoD Avenue, Philadelphia.

Farm Implements and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE.

with explanations of the laws of motion and orce as aj^plied on the
farm, with over 300 illustrations by John J. Thomas; new and
revised edition, 312 pages, 12 mo, cloth, pnce^i.50; mailed postage
free on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MaROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila

— DOWNING'S-

Together with Complete Plans and Specifications. Over
100 Engravings of Designs and Plans of CoUages and
Country Houses, costing from §1200 to S5,()00. By S. B. Reed,
Architect, Author of "House Plans for Everybody." Cloth.
12 mo, mailed, post-paid, for $1.2-5. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

Treats of the general maji
agenit-ntof window-|:;;'ardens,
kinds of window-boxes and
utands best adapted to
plant.H, tern per at ure re-
quired, iiow and when to be
watered, soil and fertilizers
best adapted to them. It
has directions for making
propHRating boxes, heatine
eases and cold frames, ana
(fivert a oarefully-seleeted list
of only sueh plants for fur-
ninhlnp^mall conservatories
as are recommended by long
experience, and which are
distinguished for masses of
flowers, tine leaves, interest-
ing habits and easy cultiva-
tion. Its chapter on hang,
ing baskets is full of helpful
aids, for their beauty de-
pends in a great measure
upon the combination of
plants. It devotes another
chapter to the treatment of
different varieties of the Ivy,
ways of training, etc.; this is
followed by climbing-plants
suited to the parlor or win-
dow, and cref-pers for bal-
cony-shields in summer.
Lovers of Ferns will appre-
ciate the portion devoted
to wardian cases and fern-
eries for those whose houses
are so situated as not to ad
mit sunshine enough to in-
sure constant b'oom in win-
dow-plants, can enjoy the
delicate beauty of a hand-
some fernery. SOO pages. 25C
Illustrations, cloth bound,
$1.60, post paid. Address

CHAS. H. MARUT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Orchids of New England.

A Popular Monogra])li, By Henry HaUlwiu.

Octavo, 157 pages, 62 Illustrations, line English cloth. Price
$2.60; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE BLESSED BEES.

BY JOHN ALLEN.

A record of a year's work In Bee-keeping by modern metbodei
Its profits certain and lar^e, and tta nleasurea invalaabie. In-
tended to diffuse a more general knowledge of Bee-culture.
169 pages, 12 mo. cloth, Mmp. Price, 81 Mailed postage free,
«n receiptor price. Address, i HAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Or, Ttie Cnllnre, Propagatloi, and laiageient. In tie
Garden and Orctiard, of Frnl! Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Descriptions of all the Finest Varie-
ties of Kruit, Native ami Foreign, cultivated in this Coun-
try; containing^ also, A History op Ixsects Injurious to
Fruit, and the best methods of destroying them.

Mr. Charles Downing has been engaged on this revision
from time to time, and has produoed unc^uestionably </i«
most complete Hejerence Book for the Cultivators of Pruit
ever miied.

Of Apples only he has over 4.50 pas:es of varieties. New
and better drawings and engi-avings have also been made of
all the Fruit.

The complete work, including three Appendices, ia
brought down to 1881, and forms one thick

Svo VOLUME OF OVER 1,250 PAGES.
Pri»'e,liandsomeIy bound in full cloth, - - - 8.5.00,

K<T<.iiuuendation from Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,
Presidi'Ut of the American Pomological Society:

(Jentlemen : — I have received a copy from Mr. C'larles
Downing of the second revised edition ol tati '*^'KU^rs and
Fruit Trees of America." Ir is th'? most cotuprehen-
sive of any similar work, in fact A COMFi^ETE ENCY-
CLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN POMOLOGY, brought down
to the present time. The original edition by his brother, the
late Andrew Jackson Downing, popular as it ever has been,
is made doubly interesting aad useful by this revision, com-
prising tbe results of a loiig life of critical observations.
As a work of reference it has no equal, and deserves a place
in the Library of every Pomologist in America.— Marshali.
P . Wilder.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

FRUIT AND BREAD.

A Natural arvd Scientific Diet.

BY GU5TAV SCHLICKEY5EN.

Translated from the German by M. L. Holbrook, M. D. Intended
to show what is the natural food of man ; to lead him to become a
living child of nature ; to simplify and beautify his manner of living;
to emancipate woman irom the drudgery of the kitchen; to lead to
increased use of fniit; to diminish the use of flesh, and where
possible, to do away with its use altogether; to improve the health
and add to the enjoyments and value of life. Cloth, 250 pages; la
mo, illustrated. Price, $t. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chesmut St., Phila

Essay on Rosesl

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

Paper, pp. 24. Illustrated. Price, 15 cents.

Mrs. Wellcome writes with enthusiasm, and from a
thorough knowledge, and a considerable experience. All
lovers of roses and all amateur horticulturists will find the
little monograph inteiesting and suggestive." — Boston
Journal.

Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO PAINT.

By a Practical Painter ; for the use of Tradesmen,
Mechanics. Merchants, Farmers, and as a Guide to Pro-
fessional Painters. Methods in Plain and Fancy Painting
of every description ; Formulas for Mixing Paint in Oil or
Water, Tools, etc. This Book makes ^^ every man his own
painter,''''

Full Directions for Using White Lead, Lamp-Black,
Green. Yellow, Brown, Whitnifj;, Glue, Pumice Stone,

Spirits of Turpentine. Oils, Varnishes, Furniture Varnish,

Milk Paint. " " " ^. . .- ^

ings— Whitewash^ r;iste for Paper-Hanging. Hanging Pa(>er,

rlilk Paint. Preparing Kalsomine, etc. Paint for Outbuild-

Graining in ( )ak. Maple, Rosewood, Bla^'k Walnut, Staining^
Deralcommiia, Making Rustic Picture.*;. Painting Flower-
Stands. Rosc\v<)(Mi Polish, Varnishing Furniture, Waxing
Furniture, Cleaning Paint, Paint tor Farming Tools,
.Macbinerv, Household Fixtures, etc. To Paint Farm
Wagon, Re-Vamish Carriage, make Plaster Casts. Sent
by mail, post paid, for 81,00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestaiut 8t, Phila., Pa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

-BARRY'S-

Fruit Garden.

NEW EDITION,

BEVISKI) AND HTlOrcHT DOWN TO DATE BY

P. BARRY.

NURSERYMAN'S DIRECTOR!

NSIAT EIDIXION

NOW IN STOCK.

Illustrated, pp. 516, fine cloth. Price, 82..50, mailed, post-
age free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnnt Street. FhlladelphI*.

APPLETON'S ~

Afflerinai Cyclopffiiia.

New Revised Edition 16 vols. Large Octavo Volumes, e^ch

volume containing over 800 pages, fully illustiated with several

thousand wood engravings, and with numerous colored Litho-
graphic Maps, the whoie costing the piiblishc>s ^ '^uui exceeding
$600,000. exclusion of Paper, Printing and Binding,
Prices and Styles of Binding:

Extra cloth, the 16 vols., for S 80 00

Library leather, *' " 9600

Half Turkey Morocco, 16 vols., for 117 00

Half Russia, extra gilt, " " 128 o«

FullRiissia. " •' 16000

Full Morocco, antique gilt edees 160 00

A UNIVERSAL LIBRARY IN ITSELF.
Sent free of transportation and securely packed to any part of the
United States, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROi 814 Chestnut St.

The Floral Kingdom

Ita History. A Dictionary of more than 300 Flowers, with
the Genera and Family to which they belong and the
Language of each. Illustrated by appropriate Gems of
Poetry and a particular Treatise on the Cultivation and
Analysis of Plants. 450 pages, on heavy tinted highly cal-
endered paper, and red line border with ornamental cor-
ners, splendidly bound, beveled boards, full gilt. A beauti-
ful present. Price, 86.50 by mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL LESSONS IN

Architectural Drawing ;

Or, HOW TO MAKE THE WORKING DRAWINGS AND WRITE

SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDINGS.

BY WILLIAM B. TDTHILL, A.M., Architeot.

Illustrated by 3.'! full page plates (one in colors) and 83
wooil cuts, showing Methods of Construction and Representa-
tion, Scale Drawings, Sections and Details ot Frame. Brick and
Stone Buildings, with lull descriptions and specifications, show-
ing the various forms of writing the same for different
kinds of buildings. Oblong quarto cloth. Price, $2.50, by
maU, post free. Address,

CHA.S. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. PWIa.

LrAKUENlNG POR PLEASURE.

BY PETEE HENDERSON.

A guide to the \mateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Qreenbouse, Conservatory and ■Window-Oorden.
Illustrated. 250 Pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $1.60. Sent by
mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
Tree Dealers, Ac, for the United States. Alphabetically
arranged by States and Post Offices. 372 pages, 8 vo. PricOr
$10.00. Mailed post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

Wlernck'sStfawbefryCultufist

(OUT OF PRINT.)

A few more copies left at 50 cents. Mailed, post paid on
receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSES AND ROSE CULTURE.

By Wm. Paul. F.R.H.S.
The rationale of Rose cultivation in a nut-shell. Intended t»
place within a small compass all that is necessary for the successful,
cultivauon of the " Queen of Flowers." 83 pages, ismo, p.iper-
boards. Price, 60 cents. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
Diicc. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.
814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

The Flowering Plants,

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF

GI%E:A.T BRITAIN

And their allies, the Club Mosses, Pepperwort* an*
Horsetails.

By ANNIE PRATT,
6 vols, octavo, cloth, gilt. 319 full colored plates. Illustra-
ting IMS species figured with index in each vol. with botani-
cal and common name refeiring to plate, figure and paper.
Price $.32.50 sent post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street,

, FhlU.

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Benjamin S. Williams, F.R.H.S.
Comprising descriptions of 950 choice species and varieties, Brit-
ish and Exotic, with directions for their management in the Tropical,
Temperate and Hardy Fernery, with numerous beautiful full-page
illustrations, 353 pages, i2mo, cloth. Price, ^3.60. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

IN

FARM HOMES,

DOORS AND OUT-DOORS.

By E. H. Lbland.
Illustrated, 204 pages, cloth, price $1.50; mailed, post-paid on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnat 8t.. Phila

HOUSE PLANS FOR EVERYBODY,

FOR VILLAGE AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES, COSTING

FROM S250 TO S8,000.

By S. B. REED, ARCHITECT.

Including full descriptions, and estimate in dctailof material, labor,
cost, with many practical suggestions, and 17.t illustrations; 24*
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50 mailed, post-paid on receipt of
Price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAHOT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

28

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THE X AMERICAN x GARDEN.

ESTAULISUED 1S72. EDITED DV 111:. F. .M. HEX.\MEU.

A Popular Journal of Horticulture. Monthly. Illustrated. Beautifully Printed.
Four Colored Plates During the Year.

It is a real treasure. ♦ • It stands in the front ranlv and
merits success. — JT/ar.f/ia^i P. Wdder.

WitUout exception the best paper devoted to general hor-
ticulture.—C. L. Allen.

Its teachings are sound and practical. — Am. Agriculturist.

Contains just what the people w.ant, served in themos
pahitalile style.— P. T. Quinn.

Eminently practical, trustworthy and enjoyable.— New
York Tribune.

Very useful.— Gardeners' Monthly.

ONLY SI.OO A YEAR. SAMPLE COPY, 6 CENTS.

A present is given to every subscriber, including a choice, among 20 others, of a Marlboro Raspberry plan*
{value $1.00); pkt of Pekkeotio.n Pa.nsy ; pkt Eveh-bearino, or Abundance Pea; pkt Wild Harden Heeds,
100 varieties (value 85.00 if bought separately); or choice of 50 cents' worth of Seeds from any reliable Seedsman.

f2

E. H. LIB BY, Publisher, New York, and Greenfield, Mass.

MANUAL of the APIARY

By A. J. COOK,

Prof.of Entomology in the Michigan State AgriculturalCoIIegp
286 pp. large12mo.: 112 Illustrations.

It cotaprises a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology
of the honey-bee, illustrated with coatly wood engravings— the
Products of the Honey-Bee; the Kace"( of Bees; full description
of honey-producing plants, trees, shrubs, etc., splendidly illu-
trated— and last, though not least, detailed instructioDB for the
▼ariouB manipulations necessary in the apiary.

This work is a masterly production, and one that no bee-
keeper, however limited his means, can allbrd to do without. U
Is fully up with the times on every conceivable subject that In-
terests the apiarist It is not only instructive, but Intensely in-
teresting and thoroughly practical. Within 20 day after this
work was issued from the press, 600 copies were disposed of— sa
Bale unprecedeuted tn Bee Literature. Price, 81.25. Mailed
post-paid, on receipt of price

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla

AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

ANI>

^^1NE TaAViJNG.

By Gborge HusMANN, Professor of Horticulture in University ot
ftIissouri,with contributions from well-known Grape Growers, givintl

A WIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE, '

Illustrated. 12mo, 243 pp., cloth ; price, $1.50. Mailed post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT

814 Cticstnut Street, Philadelphia.

AMERICAN GARDENER'S ASSISTANT.

By TlioniiLs Bridgeman.

Containing complete practical dirt-'ctions for the cultivation of
Vi'getables, Flowers, Fruit Trees and Grapevines. Illustrated.
6-'9 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $2.60. Sent by mail post-paid on
receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa Gray, M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structunil Botany, with a Popular
yiora, or an arrangement and description of Common Plants,
both wild and cultivated. Illustrated with 500 wood engraviuirs.
2^;i pages, large 16mo, half-arabetique, paper sides. Price Si 2S.
8- lit by mall post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHA.S. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St., Phila

THE WILD GARDEN^

Ort Our GroTes and ShrubberleH made B#>autlfal by the
Naturalization of Hardy Exotic Plants.

By W. ROBINSON, F. L. S.
With Frontispiece. 236 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, |3.a5.
Mailed postage free, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

DEN Nl SONS

CHEAP A ND RELIABLk
; PATENT

SHIPI>INd TAGS

FOR^AltATTHIS Off/CSi

Name of size. l.ength.

Width.

Per 1000

1 P. 3 In.

\X\n.

SI.OO

2 P. 3K "

1H "

LIS

3 P. 4 "

m "

1.30

4 P. 4)i '•

2H"

1.60

B P. B "

in"

1.90

6 P. m ••

2J4"

2.30

7 P. 6 "

3 "

2.66

8 P. 6H "

3K"

3.00

With Strings 50 cents per 1000

extra. Printing

81.00

perlOM

extra. Order by numbers.

Address,

CHAS

. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St.

, Phil.delphta

Subtropical Garden;

Or» Beauty of Form iu the Flower Garden.

By W. Robinson. F. L. S.

Beautifully illustrated. 241 pages, i2mo, cloth. Price, ^3.7$
Mailed, postage free, on receipt of Price
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO MANAGE BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS.

By Edmund Wkigley.
Being a Director's Guide and Secretary's Assistant, with forms
for Keeping Books and Accounts, also rules, examples and explana-
tions illustrating the various plans of working. 211 pages, i2nM>,
cloth. Price, f 2.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

HOW TO LAY OUT A GARDEN.

Ky EdTvard Kemp.

A general K"idt-' in Choosing, Forming and Improving an Es-
tate (from a quarter-acre to a hundred aort-s iu extent), with
reference to both design and execution. Illustrated with nu-
merous plans, sections and nketchea. 403 pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price S'i.riu. Sent by mail post-paid on receijit of prire.
Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

8M (.'hesniut. M Phila.

AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

j By Shiki.ky Hibhkkd

i A handy guide to the construction and management of plant
I bouBes and the selection, cultivation and improvement of orna-
mental greenhouse and contiervatory plants. IlluBtraled with
colored plates and wood engravingR. 272 pages, cloth, 12ino.
Price S^.OO. Sent by mall postpaid on receipt of price.

Address C U AS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., PbUa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

29

CIjiXXB PAPKMS ^ NISHT PRICZZS

.«- SUBJECT TO ANY CHANGES OF RATE THAT MAY BE ANNOUNCED BY THE RESPECTIVE PUBLISHERS. -ft»

TO REMIT IN CLUBBING

ir you desire to club the GARDENERS' MONTHLY in this liHt add SI. 76 for it.

All the Year Komul FS 90

Aiuericiiu Agriculturist 1 10

*' " & CyclopjEiUa pr. 1 50

" Architect, new SI. -lo. . .renew. 1 60
" L)iiirynian,'newS1.25,renewals 1 ."jo

'* Farmer 90

" Garden and Seed Premium . . 85

'* Journal ol Science & Art 5 2.')

" Machinist 2 30

" Naturalist, new .3.4.5; renewals 3 60

" Poultry Journal & Record 85

" Te.icher 90

" Journal of Philology 2 30

Andover Review 2 60

Andrews' hazar 90

Archives of Medicine 2 50

Art Amateur .3 2-5

Art lnterchant;e 2 60

Arthur's Home Magazine 1 60

Atlantic .Monthly 3 ,35

Babyhood 1 25

Babyland 45

Bee Keepers' Magazine 90

Blat;kwood's Magazine, Reprint.,. 3 OO
BdstonMed, Journal, advanceonly i 2-5

" Weekly Globe 90

Botanical Gazette 95

Brain, The (quarterly) 3 15

Brainard's Musical World 1 2,5

British Quar. Review, reprint 3 00

Builder and Woodworker, new 75

" " renewals 90
Canadian Science Monthly 90

Fortnightly Review, original 8" 00

" '* reprint 4 ,50

Frank Leslie's Budget, monthly, ,, 1 75
" ■• Illustrated Weekly..., 3 40

" " Chatterbox, annu'ly .. 80

*' *' Chimney Corner 3 40

" " Illustrite ZcituiiK 3 40

" " Popular .M.iulhly 2 '25

'* " Pleasant 11' rs, niont'ly 1 35

" o Sunday Magazine 2 25

Gardening World, London 2 65

Friends' Intelligencer 2 35

Gems of Poetry 50

Germ'nt'nTeleg'ph,ren'w$l,65new 1 40

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00

Godey's Lady Book 1 75

Golden Days 2 50

Good Words 2 25

Graphic (Daily), per year 9 25

" '■ *' 6 mos 5 '25

" " " 3 mos 2 75

(Weekly) 2 00

Green's Fruit Grower 30

Guardian, The, new $2..50. . .renew. 2 80

Hall's Journal of Health 90

Hiirper's Bazar 3 40

" Magazine 3 20

" Weekly 3 40

" "Voung People 1 15

Health and Home 35

Herald of Health 80

Honie Companion 35

Housch. .Id 85

Cassell's Family Magazine 1,351 H um I loldt Library of Science 1 25

Caterer, The, .^ 1 75 I lUustialed Christian Weekly 2 25

Carpentry andBuilding 80

Century, The 3 6.5

Children's Friend 1 10

Christian Register, new $2.25. ren'w 2 95
Christian Union, new $2.'25; renew. 2 75

Colman's Rural World 1 35

Constitution.Atlanta, 6mo. 60c, lyr 1 15

(Contemporary Review, original... 7 00

'' " reprint ... 4 .50

Conntrv Gentleman, advance 2 10

Criterion, The 1 60

Current, The 3 10

Decorator and Furnisher 3 25

Demorest Magazine 1 70

Descriptive American 4 50

Detroit Free Press, Weekly 1 00

Deutsches Garten-Magazin 2 5o

Druggists' Circular 140

Eclectic Magazine 4 25

Edinburg Review, ori^nal 3 ,30

" ■' reprint 3 00

E<lucation, Bi-monthly 3 75

Ehrich's Fashion (Quarterly 50

Electrical Review 2 ,50

Empire State Agriculturalist 40

English Illustrated Magazine 1 .50

" Monthly Reviews, single, , 4 50
" " •• the three 12 IX)

" Quarterly " single 3 00

" '- " the five., 13 00

Engineering & Mining Journal. ... 3 25

Farm and Fireside 50

Fann and (iarden 35

Farm and Home 40

Farm Journal, Phila.subs,42c;other8 30

Farmer's Home Journal 1 2,5

Farmer's Magazine 35

Farm, Field and Fireside 75

FMreside Comp. ASeaside Library. 2 6-5

Folio (Musical) 1 25

Forest and Stream 3 25

Forestry (London) 2 90

Illustrated London News 8 75

Independ't Practitioner (Medic'I), 2 60

Indiana Farmer 1 25

Interior, new subs., $1 90. renewals 2 35

Inter Ocean, weekly 95

" " semi-weekly 2 30

" " daily, including Sunday 1 00
Iron Age, weekly, new subs. only. 4 (H)

Iron Trade Tleview 2 '25

Journal of Anatomy (quivrteiiy),,, 5 40

Journal of Education, weekly 2 35

Journal of Materia Medica 70

Journal of Mycology 1 00

Journal of Speculative Philosophy 2 50

Kansas Farmer 1 15

Ladies Floral Cabinet 1 05

La Semaine Francaise 4 30

Le Fr,ancais 1 75

Library Journal 3 60

Lippincott's Magazine 2 40

Literary WorId,new$l,75;renew,. 1 90

Littell's Living Age 7 25

Little Folks 1 30

Loudon Garden 5 50

London Gardener's Chronicle 6 .35

London Gardener's Magazine 3 75

London Gardening, Illustrated 1 80

London Journal of Horticulture.. 4 25

London Quart'ly Review, origiiial, 3 30

" " reprint,, 3 00

Macraillan's Magazine 2 75

Magazine of American History,,. 4 25

Mag.azineof Art 3 00

Manufacturer and Builder 1 25

Maryland Farmer 85

Mechanics 2 25

Medical Annals 80

Methodist, The 1 75

Nation, The 2 80

Nature (weekly) 5 40

New Engl'd Farmer, advance only 2 15

New York Evening Post, daily $8 30

" " '* " seuii-w kly, 2 KO

" " Fashion Bazar, monthly,. 2 40

" " Herald, weekly 1 00

" " Independent, peryr. only. 2 75
" " Metiieal Journal, weekly.. 4 25

" " Times, weekly 1 UO

" " Observer, new S2.'25, renew 3 15

" " Times, semi-weekly 2 36

** " Tribune, weekly 1 10

*' '' Tribune, senu-weekly 2 10

" ■' Witness, weekly 95

" " Worid, weekly 1 00

Nineteenth Century, original 7 00

" '* reprint 4 50

Notes and Querries, London 5 75

North American Review 4 25

Ohio Farmer, 6 mos. 80c 1 year 1 20

Our Little Men and Women 80

OurLittle(Jnes& The Nursery 1 30

Outing and the Wheelman 1 70

Pacihc Rural Press, in advance... 2 60

Pansy 80

Peterson's Magazine 1 60

Philad'a Weekly Press 80

Weeklytimes 135

Daily " 5 25

Sunday " 1 60

" MedicalTimes 3 25

Phrenolog'l Jr'nl, pr. S1.85; no pr. . 1 65

Popular Science Monthly i 20

Popular Science News 90

Poultry Bulletin 95

Poultry Keeper 50

Poultry World 90

Poultry Yard 1 10

Practical Farmer 1 20

Practitioner, The 3 25

Prairie Fanner 1 60

Presbyterian, in advance only 2 15

Progress 2 25

Puck 4 25

Purdy's Fruit Rec'r,prem, 80c.no pr. 65

Quarterly Elocutionist 90

Quiver 1 35

Reporter, (L.aw) 9 50

Rural Californian 1 25

Rural New Yorker, & .Seed Prem. . 1 96

" " " no Premium 185

Sabbath Reading 50

Saint Nicholas 2 70

Sanitary Engineer 3 80

Saturday Evening Post 1 40

.Science 4 70

Science Record 90

Scientific American 2 75

" " Supplement 4 20

" " ASupt. together... 6 00

Shorthand Writer A Takigrapher 1 25

Southern Cultivator 1 20

Student 90

Sunday M.agazine 2 26

Toledo Blade, Weekly 1 00

Torrey Botanical Bulletin 95

Trade Review 2 50

U, S, Offlcial Postal Guide 1 30

Vick's Illust'd Monthly Magazine. 90

Watchman new $2 *25; renew 2 50

Western Agriculturist 75

Western Machinist 50

Western Rural 1 55

Westminster Review (reprint),.., 3 (IQ

Wide Awake 2 50

Wine and Fruit Grower 1-65

Woods and Forests, London 3 25

Youth's (Companion, new subs.... 1 50
" " renewals " ... 1 76

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Report non-receipt of club papers or changes of residence, only to the Publisher of said paper to insure attention.

Remit by P. O. Order, Draft or Registered Letter. Make Drafts and Checks payable on Middle States, New England
or Baltimore. On Banks west and south of these points, add 25 cts. to each check, to BF.FrNTi attf ai post of roL-
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

3°

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

ITHE ROSE'WATERMAN'S "IDEAL"

A NEW BOOK
NOW READY.

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Uliaracter-
istics, etc., of tlie various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally gro\vn.
BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16rao, cloth. Mailed, po.st-paid, on receipt of
price, 81.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila. 1

Tlie Sugar Seet.

>Sncluding a History of the Beet Root Sugar Industry of
Europe. Varieties of the Sugar Beet, Examination,
Soils, Tillage, Seeds and Sowing, Yield and Cost of
Cultivation, Harvesting, Transportation, Con-
servation, Feeding Qualities of the Beet 1
and of the Pulp, Etc., Etc , Etc.

BY LEWIS S. WARE, C.E., M.E.,

Fellow of L'Ecole des Arts, Agriculture et Manufactures,
Paris; member of American Chemical Society. In one ;
volume, octavo ; illustrated by 90 engravings. Price, S4.00
by mail, postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BEET ROOT SUGAR

AND CULTIVATION OF THE B££T.

BV E. B. GRANT.

Including the Sugar supply of the U. S., Hielory of Beet Root
Sugar, Supply of Beets, Cultivation, Cost of Beet Root Sugar in
France, Production in various Countries, Advantages, Method of
Raising, Harvesting, Preservation of Beets, Seed, Manures, Ro-
tation of Crops, Beet Pulp, Leaves of Beets, Profits, etc. i6 mo.,
cloth, pp., 158 Price, $1.25. Sent by mail post-paid onreceiptof
price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa

THE PEACH;

Its Ciire ai Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ex-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and
Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

affected by tlie •« Vellows" and other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12nQO. Cloth, SI. 00. Paper, 60 cents.
Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAKOT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowers in the Garden and the House; giving
diTcctionsi short, sharp ami ifgcuive how to overcome every insect
enemy that infects flowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors,
which troubles window Gardens ; which eats up the vegetables of
the garden; which devours the fruit trees, shrubs and vines, and
lives in the homes of anxious, tired housekeepers. Paper, 100 pages.
Price, 30 cents, postage free.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

Truck Farming at the Soutti

A Oulde to the Raising ol Vegetables lor Northern Markets.

BY DK. A. OEML.KK,

PreBt. of Chatham Co., Georgia, Fruit and Vegetable
Growers Association. IlluBtrated. 12 mo., cloth, pp. 270.
Price J1.50. Mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

i ■ i'Ji

FOUNTAIN PEN'

".:«

i!l

The tlow of ink is rcf^ulateil automatically by
tlio act of writing, and is as free as from a freslily
'lipped pen and much more even. Records and
I'tt-ers written with this pen have a uniform color
oi ink on every page.

It is the simplest, cleanest, readiest and moat
easily managed of all the fountain pens.

There are no air-valves or otlier machinery, and
ronseciuently nothing to get out of order or to be
adjusted or regulated.

When the cap is removed it is ready to write,
and when the writing is done the cap can be re-
placed and the pen is ready for the pocket.

It writes, according to the size of the holder,
from 10 to 25 hours continuously, with one tilling ;
and any desired kind, color orquality of ink can
be used.

It uses gold or steel pens of the ordinary forms,
nnd your favorite pen can be fitted.

The pens in the holders are always wet with
ink, and stt-cl pens are continually rusting or cor*
rndiii^ and soon spoil and need to be renewed
wlu'tlier they have been used or mot; and they
always cause more or less decomposition of the
ink. A gold pen never rusts nor does it corrode
tlic ink. It is always the same favorite pen every
dav in the year.

The hard rubber being incorrodible, with a gold
jiiMi there is nothing that can be injured by the
ink, and unless unnecessarily iniured tbev will
last a lifetime. They can be tilled and left for
months without being used, and when opened the
ink will flow as readily as if just tilled.

We have holders for gold pens of numbers 3 to
S inclusive, and for the common steel pen : also,
an assortmcTit fitted with gold pens ready for use,
I'KICES OF HOLDERS WITH GOLD PENS
No. 1— The "Ladies'" size is the smallest, and is
4I4 inches long and 5-16 of an inch in diameter.
It takes a No. 3 or 4 gold pen. Price, S3.50.
No. 2— The "Gentlemen's" size is 5 inches long
and % of an inch in diameter. It takes a No.
4 or 5 gold pen. It is the most popular and
convenient pocket size. Price, according to
pen, 83.50 or $4.00.
No. 3— The *' Medium " size is 4^ inches long and
7-16 of an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 6
or 7 gold pen. Price, $5.00.
No. 4— The "Long" size is 6>4 inches long and
7-16 of an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 6
or 7 gold pen. Price, $5.50.
No. 5— The "Large " size is 4}4 inches long and }4
an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 7 or 8 gold
Price, Sii.OO.
No. '6— The "Jlanimoth" size is fiV^ inches long and J^ an
inch in diameter. It takes a No. 7 or 8 gold pen. Price,
$6.50.
Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are long tapering "Desk" holders of
same sizes and prices as Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5 respectively.

PRICES OF HOLDERS WITHOUT PENS.

Nos. land 7 $2 25

Nos. 2 and 8 2 50

Nos. 3 and 9 2 75

Nos. 4 and 10 3 00

No. 5 3 25

No. 6 3 50

The length given is witli the pen ready for the pocket;
witli the cap on top of holder it is from 1 to 2 mches longer.

The prices given are for well-finished 14 carat gold pens
of the smallest size suited to the holder ; 16 carat gold pens,
or pens of the larger sizes, cost from 50 cents to $1.00 more.
The 16 (uir.it pens are of extra finish as well as quality and
arc well worth the difference in price. The gold-mounted
holders cost from 50 cents to 81.00 more, according to style.

Silk and Plush lined morocco-covered cases for Nos, 1
and 2 are furnished for 50 cents extra.

In ordering holders it is better to send a sample steel pen
OI' the gold pen to be fitted.

In ordering holders with gold pens complete and ready
for use, send a sample of writing and a description of the
quality of pen desired ; Ih.at is, whether the pen should be
a long or short nib, of coarse or fine point and of hard or
soft flexibility.

A certificate may be had with each pen, whicli warrants

the gold pens and holders for Ave (6) years, and guarantees

both comhined as a fountjiin pen, to give satisfaction on

thirty days' trial or the money will bo returned. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

w

pen.

THE HORITCULTURAL ADVERTISER.

31

»B- IF Ytir WANT TO liUY A "(lOi

FARM OR COUNTRY SEAT

in the mild aiul <loli^htlul climate <»t

MARYLAND OR THE SOUTH

wite to J. L. HANNA,

]nh4 75 W. FAYETTE ST., BALTIMORE. MP.

I

EV\C6RAPf S fcOLD ^- ANUtUSTRATfO

i!>=^ A SPECIALITY ^V^S^
J.C.BURROW. FISHKIU NM

G^COLORADO^^

AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.

Its Farms, Fields and Garden Lands.

BY WM. K. PABOK.

Illustrated, 213 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
S1.50, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut St., PhUa.

Ttie Goldfisli and its Culture,

BY HUGO MTJLERTT.

It is intended in this book to furnish reliable Infonnation
for the propagation of the fish in this country and its

g roper management in captivity ; propagation and care in
sh ponds, aiiuariums, &c.; enemies and diseases, and how
to combat and prevent them. 12mn, cloth, pp.108, illus-
trated. Price, 81.00, post-paid. Address, <
OHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

TALKS TBOUT flowers.

BY MBS. M. D. WEL.L.COMK.

"The author chats of flowers in a very entertaining and
Instructive manner. Many valuable hints are given to
amateurs respecting the sowing of seeds, rooting of cuttings.
window gardening, insects on plants, etc., etc." — Concord
Monitor,

Pp 162 ; octavo, cloth, Sl-OO ; paper, gilt, GO cts. mailed, post-
paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

By Geo. W. Johnson, Editor of " CotUge Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and VegeUbles desirable for the
Oarden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
their culuvation. New Edition, with a suoplemcnt, including the
:iew plants and varieties. 1026 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price.
^.t.Ou. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

KEEPING ONE COW.

Being the experience of a number of practical writers, in a clear
and condensed form, upon the

Management of a Single Milch Cow.
Illustrated, 132 pages, cloth. Price, 81.00, mailed, post-paid, on
-eceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

SITUATIONS WANTED.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPBOVEMENT,

BT WM, BOBINSOK.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, Toceaa.
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price*

CHAS. H. SIABOT, 814 Ghe§tnat St., PUla.

Advertisements under this head must be paid for in advance, witn
the ortfer, at rate of $1.00 for each 36 words per insertion.

AS gardener, 15 yeare in largest private and commercial
places. Single, would take cottat;e with mother. First-
class references. Address, staling particulars, Frederick Ja-
coby, care employer, Peter Henderson, Jersey City, N, J.

BY a German florist and gardener, in private family. Mar-
ried, one child; is sober, steady and industrious. Un-
derstands all branches of his business ; 14 years' experience.
Good references. Address, Florist, Box 484 South Bend, Ind.

AS gardener or florist, by thorough competent German ;
married, one child. Understands all branches of his pro-
fession; long experience. Best ref. Steady place desired.
State wages. G. Klingenspor, State Univ., Champaign, lUa.

BY young man of 28 ; Ist-class in fruit tree nursery ; 14 yrs.
experience, Sweden, Germany, France, England. Also
by man of 23, Ist-olass in greenhouses. References, State
w'iiges. Frank MGUer, IW Seminary Ave., Chicago, Ills.

AS florist. Thoroush knowledge of Roses. Growth and
propagation. Can handle stock in the best manner.
Commercial or private. Temperate and reliable. Box 1041,
Natick, Mass.

AS an under-gardener,; in a first-class place. By a young
man having had practice in Orchids Rose growing,
general house work and Vineries. Address, Under-gardener,
care of Peter Henderson <fc Co., 3o and 37 Cortlandt St., N. Y.

BY thorough practical gardener well skilled in his profes-
sion; experienced in stove & greenhouse plants, hot <t
cold grajieries. Can take charge ot commercial establish-
ment, or Ist-class private place. Gardener, W. Chester, Pa.
BY a young gardener, who understands nursery and cut
flower culture. Can furnish good references. Address,
Richard Reifergerste, 45Toulonse St., New Orleans, La.

A Large Sized HITCHINGS COKKUGATED BOILKB,

in trood condition.

W. T. BELL. Florist, Franklin, Pa.

A paying greenhouse business. Best Loca-
tion in the West. Address,

W. 8. SAWYER & CO,,

stf ___„^ Lincoln. Neb.

Good Florist Business;
established 15 year.s ; handy
to Chicago and Milwaukee.
Good stock for spring Busi-
ness ; buildings all new ;
For particulars address,

" " Wis.

m m

F0R8ALE

good openinp: for a {coml jmrty

F. FOUNTAINE, Racine,

MARYLAND FARMS— BOOK AND MAP free.
By C. E. SHANAHAN, Att'y, Easton, Md.

HTIIFe on th[ farm

By Maxwell T. Masters, M.D.. F.R.S. Plant nutrition;
The Work and the Materials; The Machinery; Growth,
Sensitiveness; Development; Multiplication ; The Battle of
Life ; Practical Inferences ; Decay and Death. 12 mo, cloth,
lifi pages. Mailed, post-paid, $1.00.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Alpine flowers for English gardens

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.

An explanation of the principles on which the Exquisite Flora of
Alpine countries may be grown to perfection in all Parts of the
British Islands, with numerous Illustrations, of Rock Qardena,
Natural and Artificial. 70 Illustrations, 440 pages, crown 8vo, cloth.

Price, J4.50. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price.

Address, OH AS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhiU

GARDENING BY MYSELF.

By Anna Warner.

Containing Hints and Experiences under heading of each
month in the year. Blustrated. 16mo, 223 pages, cloth. Price
81.25. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS H. MAROT,

814 CheatQut St., FbUa.

32

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Achelis George, West Cliester, Pa 19

Allen C. E., Biattleboro, Vt 11

Allen W. s., New York 6

Altorter Oerold, West Chester, Pa IS

Barnes O. M., I>.\nsing, Mich 14

Bell W. T., Franklin. Pa 31

Benz Albert. Donglaston, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Blanc A., Philadeliihia 18

Bloomington Nursery Co., Bloomington, Ills l(i

Boehmer Louis, Yokohama, Japan 18

Bridgenian Alfred , New York 14

Brinton W. P., Christiana, Pa II]

Burpee W. Atlee * Co., Philadelphia Ill

Burrow J. G.. Fishkill, N. Y 31

Butz I'aul (tSons, New Castle, Pa ai

Butterton J., Hammonton, N.J 18

Campbell Geo. W.. Delaware, O : 14

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Cowen N. & Son. New York 32

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Dillon J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa 23

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Dreer Henry A., Philadelphia 6, 13, 16, 21

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Ferry D. M. & Co., Detroit, Mich 14

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Foster P. H., Babylon, N. Y 23

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Gregory James J. H., Marblehead, Mass 22

Hahman F., Philadelphia. Pa 17

Hanna J. L., Baltimore, Md 31

Hale Brothers, South Glastonbury, Conn 11

Hallock V. H.,Son & Thorpe. Ij,ueen8, N. Y 13

Hance & Borden. Red Bank. N. J 20

Heffron D. S., Washington Heights, Ills 24

Heinl John G., Terra Haute, Ind 19

Henderson Peter & Co.. New York S

Hitchings & Co., New York 5

Jenkins J., Winona. Ohio 11

Jossclyn Geo. S., Fredonia, N. Y 11

Kift Joseph, Westchester, Pa 17

Landreth D. & Sons, Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

Lee & Shepard, Boston, Mass 17

Libby E. H., New Y'ork and Mass 28

LivingstoH's Sons, Columbus, O l(i

Lovett J. T., Little Silver, N. J 18

McAllister F. E., New York 32

Meehan Thomas, Germantown, Phila 6, 9, 13, 17

Moore John B. & Son, Concord, Mass 1.5

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass 11

Murdoch J. R. & A., Pittsburgh, Pa IS

Nanz & Neuner, Louisville, Ky 13

Niagara White Grape Co., Lockport, N. Y 14

Parry Wm., 1 arry P. O., N. J 0

Parsons R. B. & Co. , Flushing, N. Y 4th cover pa^e

Parsons A Sons Co. Flushiuft. M. Y 4th cover page

Pinnev Geo., Sturgeon Bay, Wis II

Pratt Bros.. Rochester, N. Y 13

Raoux C, New Y'ork 8

Reineinan .\ R. & Bro., Pittsburg, Pa 20

Roberts Josiali A., Malvern, Pa 19

Rolker August & Sons, New York 8, 8

Saul John, Washington, D. C 18,19,24

Sawyer W. S. & Co., Lincoln, Neb 31

Schiiltheis Bros., New York 14

Seal Thomas F., Unionville. Che.ster Co., Pa. 11

Shanahan C. E, Eastern, Md 31

Shore .lames, (iermantown. Phila 11

Hinimons W. P. & Co., Geneva, 0 17

Smith David, Boston, Mans 7

Smith George, Manchester. Vt 15

Smith Wm. H., Philadelphia 18

Spooncr William H., Boston, Mass 2.5

Staples Delos, West Hebewa, O 19

Btewart Wra. J., Philadelphia and Boston 11

Stillwell Chas. R., Gravesend, L. L, N. Y U

St^trrs & Harrison Co., Painesville, O 12

.Stralton A Storm, New York 18

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Sturtevant E. D.. Borden to«m, N.J 16

Thorbnrn J. M. & Co., New York Fly-leaf page 1

Thumahn John, New Y'ork 11

True A Co., Augusta, Maine 14

Van Geert A., Ghent, Belgium 20

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Vaughan J. C, Chicago, 111 Fly-leaf page 2

\'ick James, Rochester. N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Waterer H., Phil.idelphia 21, 2.3, 26

W cathered Thomas W., New Y'ork 10

Welch Bros.. Boston, Mass 11

Williams B. 8., Upper Hollow.ay London, N., Eng 15

Witlson Pierponi, Viticland, N.'J Fly-leaf page 2

Woodl. C. A Bro., Fishkill, N. Y 20

Voung Thomas, Jr.. New York 11

For Situations Wanted, gee pagft 31.

Flower Mi \i PacMs,

350 PACKETS IN A NEAT BOX FOR S4.00.

I am offering to the trade iu lots of not less than 5 of a
kind Flower Seed. ■''» and 10 cents Sorts at 81.50 per 100 ; 10 and
l.» cents S4»rts at S^.OO per 100. In neat Packets with Descrip-
tion, How to Plant, and blank spacu for vour linshipss Card
on the back. Send for Cataloyue and Sample. We claim
tins is cheaper than yon can buy good Seed and Baf/s, savine
you Labor and valuable Time. Our seeds are Presh and
Reliable^ and put up with great care.

F. E. McAllister,

SEED MERCHANT,

29 and 31 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK.

1,999,999

Stra-wberries, Raspberries,

Currants, Grapes,

including the Older tested and New Varieties,
MAY KING, MARLBORO. EARLY CLUSTER, FAY. NIAGARA.
Peach and other Fruit Trees.

J\ COMET, KIEFFER, LE CONTE,

,/' 0 M''*^ SEND FOR CATAiOQUE. / 'rj ^Jl

^OM JOHN S, COLLINS, \ S »

^^a^r MOOKESTOWN. N. J.

■liii~li 1 1 ■ArTorist'i

^^I^^^^V ^^ ■■ ^r ^^1 In aiirosperous town
L"ll^ \ II I L >u Western New
P I I ^V .% t4 I I ■■ "t'ork of over lU.OOO
A UAft ^MX^^J^J inhahitants. Three
H ^BHI ^H HH^H^H Greenhouses — one
■ WBV IV ■■■■^■22x80,and two 11x80,
nu.irlv new. Hciiid uv hot «aur. Houses now well
stockeil and hringing rct'ums everyday. Central location.
Address, Box 1363, HornelUville, N. Y. £2

'M^FORE BOTING GLASS.- ESTIMATES

s XOS ^ KJAV-OO 'S. w

S: 'saaa-iOH 'sasnoH-ion 'saraadVHS <
s 'saiHoivAaasKOO 'sasnoimaaHS g

For GREENHOUSES, GRAPERIES. CONSERVATORIES,
HOT HOUSES AND HOT BEDS.

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS.

By a. S. Packard, Jr., M.D.
Also a Treatise on those Injtjrious and Beneficial to
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culmrists. Illustrated with U plates, and 650 wood-cuta.
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CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

VANHORNE, GRIFFEN <fc CO.,

IMPORTERS OF FRENCH WINDOW GLASS. ALSO AMERICAN WINDOW GLASS, u.i.
131, 133, 135 & 137 Franklin St., New York City.

FERNS OF KENTUCKY,

BY JOHN WILLIAMSON.

With 6o full page etchings, and 6 wood cuts drawn by the
Author. Illustrating Structure, Fertilization, Classification, Genera
and Species. 154 pp., cloih. Price, ^2.00. Mailed postpaid on
receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestntit Street, Phila.

l»rainage for health,

OR

Easy Lessons in Sanitary Science.

By JOSEPH WILSON. M.D.. Medical Director U. S. N.
pages, octavo. Copiously illustrated. Price f i.oo, mailed,
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CHAS H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

CRANBERRY CULTURE.

BY JOSEPH J. WHITE

Embodying in plain and concise manner all the useful and
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pages, 12 mo, cloth. Ulustrated. Price, post-paid $1.25.
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A MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BY ISAAC P. TILLINGMAST.

Containing the experiences of the author in starting aU those
kinds of vegetables which are most difficult for a novice to produce
from seed; with the best methods known for combating and repell-
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HOW TO READ

AND HINTS IN CHOOSING THE BEST BOOKS.

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WORKING MAN'S WAY TO WEALTH.

By Edmund Wrigley,

A practical treatise on Building Associations , "what they are, and
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

By Cba«. Darwin.

With copious descriptive contenta and index. lUustnited.
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Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

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THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AXD HORTICULTURIST

-^For 1885-^

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THE EXETER

HWTING^ APPARATUS,

GREENHOUSE HEATING
A SPECIALTY.

Our systems comprise Hot Water
Heating, Steam Heating, and the
combination of Steam and Water.

OVER 1000 BOILERS IIM USE.

ler

19 Federal St., BostoL M Exeter, N. H,

We solicit correspondence frova.
any party contemplating a change
in their apparatus, ft 12

Architects'and Builders' Pocket Companion

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Kissena Nurseries.

Trees and Plants.

Parsons & Sons Co.,

LIMITED.

Flushing, N. Y.

R. B. Parsons & Co.

Nurseries, Flushing, N. Y.

Trees and Shrubs.

For Catalogues, address P. O, Box 603, Flusliinff, N. Y.

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to afford Information concerning the Planting
^nll Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit : and giving
.Suf^gestiona upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
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By FRANKLIN 8. HOUGH, PH.D..

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agriculture,
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Ijargo 12mo, pp. 38L ISfumerous Illustrations, S2.00. Will
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Practical Tadsrinjaflilkellscoralioii,

Together with General Information for Sportsmen.
By JOSEPH H. BATTY,
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CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

■tn-**'::!^:

:-^2'

EDITED BY THOMAS MEEHAN.

Vol. XXVn. No. 316.

(Combined Magazines, Fortieth Year.)

APRIL, 1885.

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

^v /^

( EDtored kt tha Poit Offlce, at PlilUdelphi», P»„ u seeond-clM* nuttor. J

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

It Is published on the flrat of every month at the office. No. 814 CHESTNUT STREET,
PHILiADEIjPHIA, where all BUSINESS relating: to subscription or advertising should be addressed.

1^" Communications, Copy and Packages for the Editor should be addressed to THOMAS
BIBEHAN, GEBMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA.

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CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

CONTENTS OF THE APRIL NUMBER.

8BA80NABLE HINTS :

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

Greenhouse and House Gardening.
OOMMUNICATIONB :

New Geraniums

New Double White Mignonette "Snowball"

The Classes of Roses

Combination Hedges

The York and Lancaster Rose

Cyclamens

Of Taste in Floral Arrangement

Mildew in Roses

The Hot-water Cure

Paint for Hot-water Pipes

Qhiesbreght's Sericographis

Removing Oas Tar from Hot-water Pipes

The Cyclamen

Propagating Plants

The Fruit of the Japan Quince

The Foreign Gooseberry

Wire as a Plant Support

Soil Analysis

Torpid Vegetation

Economic Uses in Nigella Damascena

Close Union of Different Species of Trees

Rcminiscenses of Charles Downing

Ladies' Tresses or Traces

Ladies and Horticulture

Bulb Collecting

Origin of the Name Persimmon

The World's Exposition and Cotton Centennial

la^ITORIAL NOTES :

The Love of Herbaceous Plants— Dangers from

Wire Fences — Callicarpa purpurea

Vegetation Under Orchard Trees— Uniformity in
Apple Barrels— Prices of Fruit in Rochester in
18S4— Product per Acre of Strawberries in West-
em New York— Cure for Grape Vine Mildew—

The Japan Plum— Experience in Gardening ill

Silk Culture in France — Mahalcb Cherry as a
Timber Tree— Canada and the Timber Duties-
Forestry in the Old World— Rain-fall in England

97
102

100
100
103
103
103
103
104
101
104
105
105
U9
110
110
114
115
115
ill)
118
119
119

r20

122
126

101

-112

—Preserving Railroad Ties— Encouraging For-
estry in Pennsylvania 113-114

Weakened Vital Power Through Continuous
Forcing — Immediate Inliuence of Pollen on
Fruit — Flowering of Brownea grandiceps — Influ-
ence of the Gralt on the Stock 19-117

M. Carriere— Tewin — Knowledge of Every-day
Things — James Ritchie — New book on Garden-
ing in the South — How John's Wife Made Money
at Home— Corn and Potato Manual — The Peanut
Plant— The Tobacco Remedy— Prairie Experi-
ence—Cactaceous Plants — Plant Life on the
Farm— Transactions of the Worcester County,

Mass., Horticultural Society lor 1884 122-125

Pennsylvania State Horticultural Association . . 127-128

NEW OR RARE PLANTS:

New Varieties of Ferns; Adiantum cuneatum
deflexum— Adiantum rbodophyllum 107-1(9

SCRAPS AND QUERIES :

Copper Wire Jar Zinc Labels— Raising Chrysan-
themums from Seed— Umbrella Tree— Win tering

Roses in the North-west 101-lOS

Insects on Roses and Carnations— Cause of Mil-
dew on Roses and Other Plants — Greenhouse

Flues— Double Oxalis 106-107

Insect Injurious to the Tomato 112

Rare Rof^ky Mountain Firs and Pines— Conifera^

of the Rocky Mountains 114

Yellow Berried Myrtle Holly— Hcteromeles ar-
butifolia— Cyprinedium insigne with two Flowers

—A Large Putt Ball— Diseased Roses 117

Cinnamon Vine— Careless Statements of Facts-
Derivation of Diervilla 125-120

FLOWER GARDEN <k PLEIA.SURE GROUND. 97-102

GREENHOUSE AND HOUSE GARDENING 102-109

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDENING 109-112

FORESTRY 113-114

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE 114-117

IJTERATURE, TRAVELS A PERSONAL NOTES 118-126
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES 126-128

Fly-leaf.]

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

A Siall List of TaliiaMe Flower Mi for Florisls.

lb. oz. pkt.

Ageratuiu, Blue "Little Gem" }5 00 50 05

Alyssum, Siveet-scented 2 50 30 05

Balaam, Donble White 8 00 75 10

" " Crimson 8 00 75 10

Calendula Off. "Meteor ".^. 150 2.5 05

" sicula, Single Yellow 75^05

(iiiidytuft, New Giant White 100 10

Ceutaurea candidigsinia, ^ lOUO seeds 75c ... 4 00 25

" gymnocarpa lOOJlO

Gaillardia picta Lorenziana, 5 GO 50 10

Lavatera arborea variegata 2 00 25

Mignonette, "Golden Queen" 3 00 30 05

'■Crimson Queen" 3 00 30 05

" "Prizetaker" 3 00 30 05

"Miles' .Spiral "....'. 4 00 40 05

" " Machet," entirely distinct

and best for pots. It is a new French

sort, very dw.arl 2.50 25

Pansy, Large French " Odier " 10 00 50

Papaver ambrosuiUi rich vermilUon, with

shiny black spot 75 10

PortQlaca, finest Mixed Doable 5 00 10

Salvia splendens 2 00 10

Smllax (Myrsiphyllum) 24 00 2 CO 25

J. M. THORBURN & CO.,

15 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK.

Just Received! Fresh Seeds of LATANIA BORBONICA. Per lb. 75 oents.

ALL FIRST PRIZES FOR DUTCH BULBS

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UOUTICULTURAL U.VLL.

At Wm-ld's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, - UEW OKLEANS, 1885.

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AWARDED

The General Bulb Company,

(Sncecssors to BARNAART & CO.)

VOGELENZAXG (near Haarlem), HOLLAND,

Offer TO THE TRADE ONLY the Largest and Finest Stock of Hyacinths, Tulips, Nar-
cissus, etc., at Lowest Prices, either Free on Bo'ird Dutch Steamer, or, inclusive of all
Expenses for Freight, Duty, Packing, etc., f. o. b. Cars in New York City.

Received Medals at Paris, Louvain, Ghent, St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, etc.

Wholesale Catalogue for Seedsmen, Florists or Cut Flower Growers, ready in MAY.
Special Rates to Importers of Large Quantities. Address,

J. A. DE VEER, Sole Agent for U. S.,

ap3 318 BIlOA.Z)-W-A.Y, MEIAT YORK CITY.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

[Fly-leaf.

LANDRETHS^ EXTRA EARLY PEAS

All wlio plant oarly Peas should procure our stock, which we intro-
duced in the year 1823, and have to day in their original purity. This
special type or breed is the earliest, the purest, the most productive,
the most palatable. In our trial grounds the past season we tested 126
samples of Peas from various sources. LANDKETH'S EXTRA
EAKLY were the first to bloom and the first to ripen for the table.
Send tor ( 'atalogue.

D. LANDRETH & SONS,

21 « S3 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

c/vtai^ogxte: of

Seeds ^Tools

FOR GARDENERS and FLORISTS.

IMPORT BULB PRICES READY. IMPORT BULB PRICES READY.

J. C. VAUGHAX, 42 La Salle Street. Chicago, Ills.

'wicm^B

H

G-TTIIDE

A beautiful work of li>0 pages, Colorod Plate, and 1000 illus-
trations, with descriptions of the bet^t Kiowers and Vege-
tables, prices of Seed.s and Plants, and how to grow them.
Printed in English and tiernian. Price only 10 cents, which
may lie deducted from tirst. order. It tells what you want for
the Garden, anil lio\\ t'l iii-t it iiisi<*ail nf iimning to tlie grocery
at the lust nioiiM 111 t.i liiiy u li.iliv n- s. iik are left over, meetinj,'
with disappniiitiiunl :iflri- wci-ks nl' \\ ail in:/.

Rl'Y ONLY VICK'S .si'.EDS AT HEADQUARTERS.

^TICK'S TLLTTSTRATED "\ T ONTHLY Tl rAGAZINE, Colored Plate in everj'

\ num- Lher.andmany .i> 1 liin- illiis- ^ 1 tratiniis. Price, $1.2.5 a year; Five copies

fdr i^'-i .^pecinieii nuiuliers 10 r\.^ ; :i trial cupii's i'l <l.-. %Ve will send to one address Vick's

iH MafiAZiiiL- i.iid *.nv one'o'f the following publications at tin- pri.-.s naiTied l.elow— really two magazines at the

price of one— Century, S4..50; Harper's Monthly, ?4.00; St. Nirli'.!a>. >:::»'; f4nod Cheer, ^l.'jri; or \\ide Awake.

Good Cheer, and Vick's Magazine for fS.OO. JAMES VICK, Rochesterf N. Y.

iOlf

n

f)

Ji

fcjl

lllil

■WK OFFER TO-

NURSERYMEN, DEALERS AND PLANTERS,

AT LOWEST HATES

30000 PEACH TREES, 1 year. First Class.

5000 CHERRY TREES, 1 year, 3 to 4 ft., mostly Ea. Richmond.

10000 HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, Strong Plants.

Full Stock ol FRUIT TREES, GRAPE VINES, SMALL FRUITS, ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS.

Trade Ijist on upplicatinn. ('orresi>oinlence Solicited.

S. M. BAYLES, Prop., St. Louis, Mo.
i^A SPECIALTY^

Grand Collection of all the Best Varieties, em-
braclngr the latest Novelties, Separate and In Mix-
ture. Strictly First-class Seed only. Send for New

Seed Price List, Issued February 1st.

tia

ALBERT BENZ, Douglaston, N. Y.

' SBK FIBST FAOE FAOUTG COVEB.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. 5

Novelties in Plants.

New Ageratum, White Cap. Splendid wliite, 8 inches high $2.00 V' doz.

" " Cope's Gem. Finest dark blue, 8 inches high 'i.OO "

" Carnation, " Scarlet Gem." Vivid scarlet, dwarf habit, profuse bloomer. The finest

of its color 2.00 "

" Coleus. Set 12 for 1885. A superb and distinct collection 2.00 1?' set.

" Hardy Daisy, "Crimson Button." A fine market plant 8.00 f 100.

" Eucharis Candida. The free-flowering variety, 4-incb pots 3.00 ^ doz.

" Nicandra Physaioides. Porcelain blue flowers, 2 inches in length, beautiful 3.00 "

" Hollyhock, " Crimson Pyramid." Grows only 18 inches high, completely covered

with semi-double scarlet crimson flowers. Finest novelty of the sea.son 3.00 "

" Hardy Forcing Pink, " Snow." Pure white, fringed flowers, 1^ inches across ; clove

fragrance 8.00 ¥" 100.

" " " " Annie Boleyn. Crimson and white, fringed and fragrant, two

inches acro.ss S.OO "

" Salvia, Mrs. E. Mitchell. Distinct and beautiful, crimson purple, habit of S. splendens 3.00 ^ doz.

" Verbenas (1885). Set of 12 magnificent varieties 2.00 ^ set.

" Tea Rose, "Sunset." 2i-in., .f 16.00 ; 3-in., 125.00 ; 4-in., 135.00; 5-in., $50.00 ; 6-in. 75.00 V 100.

General "Wholesale List sent free on application.

PETER HENDERSON,

35 & 37 Cortlandt Street, New York.

UGUST K OLKER & SONS,

P. 0. Box 899. 44 DEY STREET, New York,

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF

BASKETS, WIRE DESIGNS,

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,

IMPORTERS OF

SEEDS and BULBS

SEED PRICE LIST FOR 1885 NOW READY. AND MAILED TO THE TRADE ON APPLICATION.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Roses for Florists.

We make a special business of growing and distributing Roses, and believe we
offer the LARGEST and MOST COMPLETE STOCK of ROSES in AMERICA. ALL ARE
ON THEIR OWN ROOTS. No budded or grafted Roses are sent out.

SI "JT ^^ ^^ P" ^31 A IWITP ^5 ^® offer but oue size of Ro.se!^. strong vigorous plants* from
I^C ^Jtr i^^MKtm I 9b 23-^-inch potH. Thej are thrifty, well matured, heavily
rooted plants— ready to jro into 4-i)>ch pots. Everv order, large or small, is carefully selected from th«
largest and best on hand at the time.

PI FAN AND HFAI THY ^^^ roses are kept clean and in good

wUurtll riliU nunLini. growing condition through the whole season,
so that Florists can replenish their stock whenever it is convenient to do so.
We ship safely at all seasons— no danger from heat or frost.

IMPflRTANT Tfl RIIYFRQ our roses are not forced, but are grown

■ mi uii I mi I lu uuiL.no. in ordinary soil, without manure or ANY

STIMULATING PROCESS WHATEVER; THEREFORE THEY REQUIRE NO NURSING, OR EXTRA
CARE, BUT GROW OFF STRONG AND HEALTHY, AND COME QUICKLY INTO BLOOW
FLORISTS SAY OUR ROSES GIVE BETTER SATISFACTION THAN ANY OTHERS THEY CAN BUY

PFticEis OF gie:n:e:k.a,i^ coi^i^iEicrioNS.

Per 100. Per.500. Per 1000.

EVER-BLOOMING ROSES, First class assortment, $ 8.00 $35.00 $70.00

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, " " 9.00 40.00 80.00

MOSS ROSES, " " 15.00 75.00 150.00

CLIMBING ROSES, '• •■ 8.00 35.00 70.00

OpCPIAI AQQDRTMPNTQ ^°^ special assortments and large orders covering different classes of

"I t.Vlrtt noUUII I llltll I O. Roses, it is always best to send a list of the varieties and number of each
wanted. We can then tell you exactly what we can do. and will name the lowest price that the size and character of
the order will justify. «3- But you can always depend on lowest prices, whether you have special quotations or not.'Sft

SPECIAL ATTENTION is given to supplying Florists with reliable plants of all the New and Scarce Roses at reasonable
prices. The following choice varieties, and hundreds of others, will be found in our Wholesale Price List, Sent

II.REE to Florists, Market Gardeners and Dealers.

Per r)oz Per 100.

I-ADY MART FITZWILI-T.^^M-Ncw English Hybrid Tea S3.00 »80.00

80CVKNIK DK THKRESK t-KVET— Superb New Scarlet Tea 2 50 15. OO

COUNTESS OF FEMBKOKE— sjilendid Hybrid Tea 3.00 80.00

PKINCKSS OF WALES— Eleffant New English Tea 8.S0 15.00

DUKE OF CONNAUGHT— Bennett's Hybrid Tea 3.00 30.00

PIERRE (iUILl^oT— Brilliant Crimson. Extra Fine 4.00 35.00

KKD MAl.MAISON— New and Verv Promising 4.00 35.00

SOUVKNIR UK GERMAIN DE ST. PIERRE— New Crimson Forcing Rose 3.00 30.00

MAUAMK CHKDANNE GUINOISSEAU— Rich Golden Yellow, Very Fine 2.00 13.00

MISS EDITH GIFFOKD— A Valuable New Tea Ro.se 1.50 10.00

JEANNE ABEL— (New Tea), Rosy Oimson, Pencilled with Gold 1.50 10.00

NIPHETOS-l'inest Pure White for Forcing 1.50 10 00

PERLE r>KS JARUINS— The Finest Yellow for Forcing 1.50 10.00

CATHERINE MEKIMET— The Finest Pink for Forcing 1.50 10.00

L,A FRANCE— I'niilnies more Flowers when Forced than any other variety 1.50 lO.OO

CORNEt lA COOK— Excellent for Forcing, Creamy White, Immense Buds 1.50 10.00

BARONESS ROTHSCHILD— Immense Flowers. Silvery White, Tinged with Blush B.OO 35.00

PAUL NEYRON— (ine (if the Largest and Best Hybrid" Perpetnal Roses 1.50 10.00

ANNA DE DIESBACH— (Glory of P.aris), One of the Finest for Forcing 1.50 10.00

MAGNA CHARTA— Rosy Crimson, Very Fragrant. Extra Fine 1.60 10.00

All the STANDARD SORTS in large supply-GEN. JACQUEMINOT. ETOILE DE LYON, MARECHAL NEIL, SOUVENIR
D'UN AMIE, HERMOSA, MARIE GUILLOTT, and hundreds of others, at lowest rates, quality considered.

rrOTICE: TO BUYERS.

As the prices of sonie of the Ne'w and Scarce Roses are subject to change, and
the price of any selection depends largely on the varieties and number of each
wanted, we invite buyers to send their lists and have them priced before makingr
the order. This is the best plan for buyer and seller, and secures the lowest prices
he can make for the selection wanted. But you can always depend on getting th©
best value we can give, on goods ordered— -whether you have quotations or not.

NOTICE.— This advertisement is intended for the TRADE ONLY, and not for private planters. Address,

The DINGEE & CONARD CO.,

latr ROSE GROWERS, West Grove, Chester Co., Pa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER

Greenhouse Meating

Ventilating Apparatus.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

Base-Burning Water Heater

Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

NEAR BLEECKBR STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.

FiTC sizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TA'NKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS,

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

RASH-RAISING APPARATUS,

Lifting-Rods for Sashes,

£tc., £tc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 6 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Fives.res. New Patterns .877. logue, wlth References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

NEW PLANTS OF REAL MERIT

New^Forcing ^^^1^^10311 BeHUty." "'^^LT^'^"

This superb Ro^io is comparatively unknown, as the inlrnilucers have not advertised it at all. but in the opinion of
the best Kose }i;io\vers it is equally as valuable as the celebrated " Bennett Rose" (though not conflicting with it in any
way), being entirely distinct in <'olor and shape. The *' American Heauty" is somewhat like "Countess of Oxford" in
shape of flower, but larger, and has the true Hybrid fragrance The color is a glowing deep carmine, and it is wonder-
fully free flowering— every .shoot producing a bud. For Winter flowering it will be very profitable for years to come, aa
its splendid flowers will always cornuianil high prices. All the ])rincipal rose growers have alreadv purchased it largely.
»1.25 each, $13.00 per dozen, #75. 00 per 100.

Asparagus Tenuissimus.

We cannot praise too highly this beautiful new grecnliou?-*' plant. Its flue flhny foliage e<|U.AN in delicate beauty the
Maidenhair Ferns. The stems or fronds stand without wilting tm- a bmg time after being cut. which will lender it most
valuable in tine cut-flower work. It should be grown on strings like Sniilax. and is of the easiest culture. For all
decorative purposes it is surpa>singlv lovely. At Klunder's recent great Flower Show, in New York, it created a sensa-
tion. 36c. each, fliS.OO pei dozen,"»12,00'pcr lOd.

Scarlet Gem Carnation.

nt ('ill nation greatly surpasses any Scarlet Carnation vet otfered. in cverv gooil i
.3.00 per 100."

Buttercup Carnation,

ellow Carnation is now so well known lli:it a description is unnecessary. 35c.

Streptosolon Jamesoni.

re lobed. nearly one inch in diameter, opening l)rigbt orange, changing to a ricl
eatest profusion from March to July. As it ie<)uires but little heat, it can be gro

Bermuda Easter Lily.

orders lor this splendid fnring Mh, ;ind will make ^peciallv low )>i
luality. AURATUM LILY BULBS, extra fi

Chrysanthemums.

This magniticcnt < ':ii nation greatly surpasses any Scarlet Carnation vet otfered. in cverv gooil qualitv. 25c, each,
3S3.00 per dozen. !liil3.00 per 100. " .

This famous Yellow Carnation is now so well known lli:it a deseriptiou is unnecessary. 35c. each, S3 per dozen,
S15.00 per inu.

The flowers are lobed. nearly one inch in diameter, opening l)rigbt orange, changing to a rich, dark cinnabar red.
Blooming in the greatest profusion from March to July. As it ref)uires but little heat, it can be grown very successfully
as a house plant.

We are now booking orders lor this splendid f nrjng Mh, ;ind will make ^peciallv low piiees <mi hiriie i|uantities.
My bulbs will be of extra <luaiity. AURATUM LILY BULBS, extra fine, S9.50 per (OO.

My collection of Chrysanthemums is the largest, ttnest and most complete in the world. It includes the best of the
older varieties, all the new European and American varieties, of 1K8;J and 1S84, twenty-five novelties from China and
Japan, and fifteen new varieties of decided merit of my own growing. New varieties of last season auttall old varieties
are ready for delivery now; newvarieties of this season ready in Kebruary and March. Write for prices, they are very low.

Carnations.

These three splendid fancy variegated Carnations. Mrs. Carnegie, Chas. J. Clarke, and Petunia, of last season, are
decidedly the most profitable for cut-flower growing. They command double the retail prices of other sorts and are long;
stemmed and extremely free flowering. Price, 1S5.00 per ino ; plants ready now.

Well esi;ih|jshc(i plants of Peter Henderson. iSnowdon. fiinsdale, Sprmgtield, Goodrich, Philadelphia, President
Garfield, Blaek Knighf, Kingot Crimsons, La Purite, ShellHower. P'irebrand. Lndy Kmma, etc , #3,00 per 100; Kt>35.00per
1000,— pureha^er's s*'lection of varieties, as nearly as possible, Hinze's White, »3.G0 per luO. Or in every KHX) Carnations
ordered at »35.00, 3iH} Hinze's White may be selected.

"William Francis Bennett."

I have obtained from Mr. Evans the exclusive af^cncy for the ^alc of this celebrated Hose in Western Pennsylvania.
Circulars and price list <m application. I will deliver the Hoses in Pittsburgh and vicinity free of express charges^
Before ordering Bennett's it will pay to correspond with me.

IMDriDT nDnCDC cm IPITCn Before giving import orders for Roman Hyacinths, Lily of the Valley,
imrUn l UnUCnO OULIUI I QU. XanisMis. Fon^ing; TuUps, Spiraa, Azalea-*, Lilac. Hoses, Hyacinths.
or anything you need It. im I-'jirope. send list to nie for esliinittc of prices. I will puarant«'t' quality «»«! prices, and
my large experience in forcing Mf)wers lor the cut-flower market enables me to select the most desirable varieties.

%jUp|Tp POR PRIPFQ ' '-arry a splendid general stock of Roses, all varieties; hardy and tender; including
wwfll I b run rnilitO* allnoveUics;(Uematis,Wisterias,Kerns,Palm8, Kucbaris, Orchids, Ivies, Aristolochia,
etc., etc. A trial order and my prices will convince you ot the desirableness of dealing with me.

BEATITIFITL NEW CATALOGUE NOW HI*:a1)V ANI» WILI, HE SENT KHEE.

BENJ. A. ELLIOTT,

54 Sixth Street, PITTSBURGH, PA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Graperies, Conservatories, Propagating Houses, For-
cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Scfiools, Drying
Hoonts, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks. Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

D.A.V^ID SIMEIT-H,

8e BEVEFtLY STIIEEX,

mjn BOSTON. TiLA,SS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

"Tie Horticiltnral Directory of lie Unitet States"

IS NOIAT REAItTr FOR I3E:l<IVE:FtY.

W'E have endeavored to compile as perfect a book as possible, and have beeu over sixteen months
engaged therein. The addresses have all been tested, and the book is as accurate and com-
plete as it is possible for human skill and patience to make it. We believe that it will be an invaluable
guide for the trade.

Price, $G.OO, per Interleaved Copy.

Please i-emit amount in Registered Letter, P. O. Order, or Postal Notes, and book will be sent by
mail, postage paid ; or, by Express, C. O. D., at pvirchaser's expense.

Very respectfully, ISAAC D. SAILER, Publisher,

CHAS. F. EVANS, Editor, Uuion lusnraaice Cu. Kuilding, 3d A: Walnut Stg.,

JiotvlandiiUe Nursfi-i/, Ulalion F, Phila., Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA.

"SUPPLEMENT A."

It is the intention to have ready for delivery at the same time as '''■The Horticultural Direvtory of the United States^'

"SUPPLEMENT A,"
which will be a list girin^ the names and post-office addresses of the Nurserymen, Florists, Fruitgrowers, and Seedsmeu
of Kngland, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and the Channel Islands, comprising in all about two thousand addresses.

The Supplemeut will be issued innatophlet form, and will be sold to subscribers to the ^'■Horticultural Directory"
at one dollar (SI. 00) per copy ; to non-su*iscriI»ers at one dollar and fifty cents ($1.50) per copy, postage paid.

The trade must bear in mind that the rate of postage to points covered hy the Supplement is only one cent for
unsealed circulars weighing not more than two ounces. The business in Horticulture between the two English-speaking
countries is yet in its infancy, but is growing rapidly.

Subscriptions and rem'ittances muse be made to ISAAC D. SAILER, Publisher.

"SUPPLEMENT B"

will be issued APRIL 15, 1885, and will comprise the names and addresses of the jirincipal Nurserymen, Seedsmen,
and Florists of Austria, Bavaria, tielgium, Denmark, Kraiu-i', Germany, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia,
Saxony, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Wurtemburg, Brazil, India, Japan, Australia. New Zenland, and South
Africa. Price same as ''Supplement A." Subscriptions and remittances now received by

^_ .,, „ ^ ISAAC D. SAILER, Publisher.

i«S" Address all Communications to the Publisher. -=©6 taj^

Read wliat Mr. Peter Henderson says in his Florist's Price List, from Jan. 1st to
Marcli loth, IJWo:

" FIR TREE OIL, used in the manner directed, we And to be sure death to every
insect attacking greenhouse plants— Green and Black Fly, Mealy Buj;, Thrip, Red
Spider, (jrui s, Worms, Wood-lice, etc. Directions how to use go with each tin.
Diluted according to directions, it is cheap enough to put on with a syringe : or, for
individual plants, with an atomizer. We have used it extensively the past season and
find it to be all that has been claimed for it."

To be bought through any respectable Seed House in the larger towns, in pint bottle*
at 75 cts ; In half pints at 60 cts. For larger quantities address.

fll

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS,

The Sole Agents for America,

P. O. Box 899, or 44 DEY STREET. NEW YORK.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

NO.

Established in 1857,
236 P£:.A.FtI. SXFt.E:E:T.

P. O. Box 2956.

REPRE.SENTH IN THE UNITED BTATE.S :

O. O. VAN TUBERGEN, Jr., Seedsman and Klorist,

JOHN STEWART & SONS. NurserymeTi, .^Seedsmen and Kl.irists,

LEVAVAHSEUR & FII,S, Nurserymen and Florists,

LP:NAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist,

PIERRE SKHIRE. Nurseryman and Florist,

COCHETAUHIN & FllJS. Hose (Jrowers,

New York City.

Haarlem, Holland.
Dundee, Scotland.
IThhv, France,
U«sy, FVance.
Ussy, France,
(irisy-Suiwnes, France.

EUOKNK VKHIUKR F1I,S AINE, Florist: New Oiadiolusert, Roses, Paeooias, etc., a specialty, Paris, France.

V. LKM< UNE, F'loi isL; new varieties of Plants a specialty, ------ Nancy, Franco.

FRANCIS KP^HITF A, Roman Hyacinths and other Uulbn and Immortellea, - • - OUiouloe, France.

C. PLATZ A SON, Secil.siiion. Erfurt, PruftHia.

BRNEST RIEMWCHNKIDKU, Florist. Lily of the Valley Pips, HaniburK,Oermany.

And many other £urf>peaii Nuraeryuien, Seedttmen and Florlsto*

hoeeCataloKuefl will b© sent to all applicants, free oi expense, as soon as Ihey are received for distribution. )aLS

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

They are Guaranteed to be the Most Powerful, Durable and Eco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Country.

"We are also mannfadnring all the various sizes of MYERS'
PATENT and STRAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &c.
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT "WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price List.

1173 South Ninth Street,

THOS. J. MYERS, Manager.

aptf

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

lO

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

InpTed Boi Water Mer:

FOR HEAXINGr

GruBDloesiis, Graiiiiriiis, CisefTntorles, PrippliiiE Mm, U.

SKCTIONAI, VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No. 46 Marion Street, Neiftr York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dU

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

*S" Send for Circular and conditions of insertion under this heading."

H S ANDERSON, tiyuga Lake Nurseries. I ROBT. I. HALLIDAY, Seeds, Bulhs, Roots,
Union Springs, N. Y. Plants, I'lowers. lialtimore, Md,

WM. F. BASSETT. Fruit Trees and Small , 0. C McGRAW. Seeds, Greenhouse and
Fruits, Hammonton, N. J. Bedding Plants, Binghaniton, N, Y.

GENERAL BULB CO. Medals at Paris, &c. ' THOMAS MEEHAN,

Vogelenzang, near Haarlem, Holland, apii j Nurseryman& Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil.

A. GIDDINGS, Roses, Plants, Seeds, Bulbs,
Florists' Supplies, Danville, Ills. I

MICHEL PLANT & SEED CO.. Bulbs, Seeds,
Pl.iiu-s. Supplies, St. Louis, Mo.

OELSCHIG & MEYER, Out-door Rose

Growers. Canes, 8:c.. Savannah, Ga. jli»

PENFIELD BLOCK CO., Wood, Pot, Tree,
Labels, Plain, Paiiiitrd ; Lockport, N. Y.

Wm. J. Stewart, BOSTON TEA ROSES

-WllClI.ESALK 1>KA].1:H IN —

CUT FLOWERS

^ FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,
BOSTON and PHILADELPHIA.

SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

67 Bromflelrl Street,) , <, 1518 Chestnut St.,

fl2 Boston, Mass. / ''"" ( Philadelphia, Pa.

CHAS. R. STILLWELL,

Wholesale Florist and Rose Grower.

ROSES GROWN SPECIALLY for WINTER FORCING.

SEXn FOR TK.\DE LIST.

jll2

King's Highway, Gravesend, L. I., N. Y.

TO caTskc buyebTs

Of Pot-Grown Plants.

BIG BARGAINS! Caniations-
P. Hemieixjii, Siiowdon. l*ies.
Garfield, Hinze's White and
other var , S^i fl 100. S-J,5 |? 1000 ;
jf. Rooted CiittiiiK-s. <fl.5u ft 100;
li- Pre.s. dec raw Cuttings. SI tt> UK'.
Finu Ku(.-h?iias ; tieraniums —
' Rose, Silver Leaf. Double and
Sing Sing, all at S3 fi 100. Mad. Kalleroi and Var. Ivy Leaf,
L' Elegant Geraniums. f5 ^' 100. Alterii:intlier:t,s— Aurea
nana and Major, 2 best, S3 %' lon. CHAS. T. SIKBERT. the
Restlers & .Sleepers Fhirist Stanton Avo.. E.E . Pittsburg, Pa.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plantations, Voung EverKreens. Stocks, Grape
Vinci, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen Immense >tock.
Lowest Prices. Gre<it Variety. Catalogue Free '•

J. JENKINS,

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

, Caretullv packed and shipped to all pdints in Western and
I Middle States, at lowest Hostrm market prices. Price list
of Kliiwers and florists' supplies sent on application.

WELCH BROS.,

WHOLESALE FLORISTS.
fli? 16.> Treai«nit Street, Huston, Mans.

GEO. MULLEN, Wholesale FloristT

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off Soliool St., near Parker IIou.-^o,) BoSton, IVIass.
Flowers carefnlly packed and shippcil to any part of the
country. Rend forPrice List. Special lates nn regular lots.
Orders by mail, tele}2:rapl) or express promptly attended to.
Inimorteiles, Immortelle LeTterini:.\Vire Designs, Coil Wire
Tinfoil. Bleached Wheat, Mat-li Sticks, Toothpicks, con-
stantly on hand and sold at luwe^t wholesale rates. {For-
nierly with W. J. Stewart.) dl2

cT5arxes~^.^>ower;

SOUTH FRAMINCHAM, IVIASS.

GREENHOUSE, BEDDING, AND MISCELLANEOUS PLANTS.

FLOWKHS AND FLOHAI-. DKCOUATIONS.

For Parties, Weddings and Funerals, furnished and arranged
to order.

mhi

LOW PRESSURE

Steam Heating

Ki m -

DWELLINGS AND GREENHOUSES.
j.a.imie:s shofie:.

mhtt GEKMANTOWN, FHILA.

Carnation Plants

ROOTED CrXTINOS of above will be ready for delivery
in Feliiiiarv and Florets and Smilax at all times.

THOMAS F. SEAL,

"tf Unlonvjlie, Chester Co., Pa.

THOMAS YOUNG, Jr.,

WHOLESALE FLORIST,

NO, II WEST 27TH STREET,
N£:'W YORK-

-CHOICE ROSES A SPECIALTY.-«ift al2

GREEN'S FRUIT GUIDE,

64 pages, with colored plate,
illustrated, price 5 cts. " How
to Propagate and Grow Fruit."
^4 i>.igcs, 2 colored plates, 50
iilusirations, price 50 cents.

GREENES FRDIT GROWER,
price 50 cents per year. Sam-
ple copy free. Address,

Green's Xl rsekv Cn.

Rochester, N. V.

ja4

i^_ Dtnn!tO(?T.mn if vo'

^**y m*^th<Ml Free Ont''l')(rue d

-f" can bo

fiillnw our

describes all

liALK HHOS , So. GlaBtonburj. CJop i.

12

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Something New in Water Heaters

Please take Notice.

Sectional View of Carmody's Patent

mimi iimm mm miE^

EspeclallY adapted to the iieating of

And other Buildings where the HOT WATER system is desired.

This Heater is composed of solutions, and
can be enlarged or dimnii^hed in size at wilL

By removing the impacting sections it be-
comes a first-class saddle boiler.

It can be used in connection with a flaa
along the ground, or not, at pleasure.

it re<iuires no tire pit, wliere water is liable
to extinguish the fire.

It burns soft coal as well as hard, and does
not dog up with soot.

It has more heating surface in proportioD
to its size than anv other boiler in the market.

It is the CHEAPEST and most durable tirst-
class boiler made.

For Descriptive Circular and Price List*
address the Proprietor,

J. D. CARMODY,

FLORIST,

EVANSVILLE, IND.

HOW TO HEAT A GREENHOUSE WITH WATER.

The inventor of this Heater lias lately pub-
lished an diustrated treatise on the above sub-
ject, which every Florist should possess, as It
gives full instruction liow to set the ln)iler, ar-
range the pipe, make joints, mend leaks, and
much other desirable infnrniatioii. In tact, any
one by following its directions ran pipe their
own houses without the assistance of a plumber
or high-priced labor. Price 50 cents. Address,

J. D. CARMODY,

tstf £vau8ville, Ind.

ORNAMENTAL TREES, &c.,

FOR LA¥F, PARK KM STREET PLANTIia.

AMERICAN WHITE ELM, "TheCrowning Glory of Am. Forests," 6 to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 12 and 12 to 15 feet

BOCK or SUGAR MAPLE G to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 12, 12 to 15 and 15 to 20 "

ASH LEAVED MAPLE, Acer Negundo ... 6 to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 12 and 12 to 15 "

CATALPA SPECIOSA, Hardy Catalpa 6 to 8, 8 to 10 and 10 to 12 "

J.OMBARDY POPLAR 6 to 7, 7 to 9, 9 to 10, 10 to 12 and 12 to 15 "

WEIR'S CUT-LEAVED MAPLE 6 to 8, 8 to 10 and 10 to 12 "

TULIP TREES 5 to 6, 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 •'

I.AUREL. LEAVED Wl. LOW, Beautiful Glossy Laurel-like Leaves 5 to 7, 7 to 8 and 8 to 10 "

A larj;.' Mm-k .il llir inf.ccliiij;, ;uMi ;i m.i.l.Tatc supply ol »l varii-tles of ORNAMENTAL TREEiS.

Kilmarnock, Wisconsin and Babylonica Weeping
Willows, and Fulva Pendula Elm.

ALSO, A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SHRUBBERY FOR LAWN AND PARK
PLANTING. A FINE STOCK OF ALL THE CHOICER VARIETIES OF GRAPE
VINES, ONE AND TWO YEARS OLD.

A full and complete assortment of NURSERY STOCK of all <le«criptlnns.
Price Lists FREE on .lppli(:iti.)n. 30th YKAR noo ACRES-

The TRADE supplicil at lilicrat ratea.
-21 GREENHOrSHS.

Tlie Storrs

«£ Harrison Co.,

PAINESVILLE, OHIO.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

'3

SPECIAL NOTICE.

ADVANCE IN PRICES.

4^

^

THE "WM. FRANCIS BENNETT" ROSE.

Prom present appearances the supply of Plants ready for delivery March 15th,
•will be short of the demand. We are therefore compelled to notify the trade
that all orders received after March 9th will be at an advance of 25 per cent.
on present prices. Delivery of Plants will commence Monday, March 16th, and
orders will be filled in rotation as rapidly as possible.

CHAS. F. EVANS,

P. S.— The (late "March 1st"
In Dec. advertisement was
a printer's error.
tal2

Station F, Philadelphia, Pa.

,:v,Sf. ■Pa' '='~?lBKsj-,'f^-^V-

— ——ESTABLISHED 1838———

PARRY STRAWBERRY

Is a seedling of Jersey Queen, vigorous grower, perfect flower, very

productive, most beautiful bright color, ripening evenly all

over, large size, highest in flavor aud lirm.

^— BEST FOR MARKET AND FAMILY USE ■■*

MARLBORO, the largest early Raspberry.

WILSON JUNIOR the largest known Blackberry.

"It is nearly a week earlier than Wilson's Early.''' — Wllmer Atkinson
in Farm Joumol.

Selected berries measured 4}4 inches in circumference lengthwise by
^- Z}4 inches crosswise, and produced more than 100 bushels per acre.

Headquarters for KiefTer and Lawson Pears, Crapes,
Currants, Etc.

WILLIAM PARRY, Parry P. P., New Jersey.

FRUIT STOCKS ^ FRUIT SEEDS

We have still a limited supply of the following to offer :

Catalogue Free.

mh2

STOCKS.

SEEDS.

Pear, 1st class $13 00 per 1000 I Horse Plum $8 oi per bushe I"

Mazzard Cherry, ist Class 500 " ^PP'° 5 5° "

■• >dcia,. 3CO •• !&^;dche;;y\v.v.v.v.v;:;;;.\v."v.\v.-.\":::*"l^

My robolan Plum, ad Class 8.00

mli2

I Mahaleb

.85

THOMAS MEEHAN, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

14

THE HOKnCULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Special Offer to Florists # Horticulturists

ROSES FOR FORCING NEXT SPRING AND SPRING SALES.

Every order, large or small, will be shipped immediately. All bu<lded od Seedling Briar; Two Years Old.

Standard Tree Roses $35 f) 100 ; SJiiO V 1000

Half Standard Tree Roses J25 " ¥200 •'

Centitolia Roses, low budded S9 " $85 "

Provence " " S9 " $ 85 "

Moss " " $10 " $ 90 "

H. P. Moss " " $10 " $95 "

PRICES OF PLANTS, INCLUDING PACKING :

China, or Montldy Roses (Everbloom-

InR), low budded $10^ 100; $ 90 |I 1000

Tea Scented Roses, low budded $11 " $1(X) "

Noisette " " 811 " $100 "

Bourbon " " $10 " $ 96 "

Hybrid Perpetual Roses, low budded. $10 ' $95 "

These prices are for all varieties in our Catalogue, including newer kinds, except Merveille de Lyon, $20 ^ 100, $3 ^ do/..
The roses otfered below are not imported ; they are gralted on seedling Briar Stocks this Winter ; grown in 4 and 4>.^-
inch pots ; plants from 1 to 1.^2 feet, line growing condition. Delivered any time after April 1st, during tlie Summer.
Send your orders immediately.
The NEW YELLOW HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSE-
Balouess HoUlsihild (H. F.)

doz. ;

-GLOIRE LYONNAISE- obtained by crossing Mme. Falcot O'ea) with
1 plant .'lOc, Si iici 111, $7 per 25, $12 per .50, $20 per 100.

VII. Red Malinaisnn $2.00 ^ doz ;

VIIl. Princesse of Wales S3.00 '

IX. Mine. Ched Guenoisseau i2.i 0

X. L,ady Marie Fitzwilliam $;5.00

X:. La France $2.00

XII. Q,ueen of Queens $4.00

$4.00 f( doz.

Tile numbers II, III, V, IX, XI can be shipped at once in dormant plants grown out-of-doors.
PANSY SEEDS in 46 choice varieties, mixed $5 per oz. | LILY OF THE VALLEY PIPS $12 per 1000, $110 per 10,00«

SCHULTHEIS BROTHERS, Rose Growers,

I. Niphetos »2iOt) ^

II. Perle des Jardins S2.00

m. Catherine Mermet $2.00

IV. Duke of Connaught $.i.00

V. Souv. d'un .Vmi $2.00

VI. Pierre Ouillot $3.00

$12.00 W 100

$10.00 ■■

$10.00

$20.00

$10.00

$20.00

Souv. de Therese Levet.

I $1.5.00 W lOO
$20.00 "
81000 •'
$25.00 "
810.00 "
830.00 "

^112

P. O. Box 78. College Point, L. I., N. Y.

NIAGARATiS

have been planted in all parte ot the country, have
proved a success everywhere and to bethemost val-
uable variety in cultivation. 2 year old vines of thiy
Diniurfully productive, hardy, delicious WHITE
are now offered for the
lirst time at the bnv
price of Sli.OO each hy
mail po.'^t paid. We hold the entire stock of this
grape ; none having ever before been sold with tlu.^
' " pe of pnii>as£ati<iii therefrom.

1 now be obtained only
ctly from US or our
orized atrents. Order
vour vines NOW before .^tork is exhausted. Circu-
lars free. Address the Sole Owners,
NIAGARA WHITE GRAPE CO., Lockport, N. Y.

WDiniurmiiy proauctive. naroy,

GRAPE';

mail post paid. We hold the
grape ; none having ever before
privilege of pnipa:jatioii therefrom.

V i- X N J — /V^Jaiithorize

<16

EVERY

'•NIAGARA"

viNi;

Has this Reg-
istered

TRADE MARK
Stamped on a
Lead Seal
Attached.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS

If you wish to get the newest and best varieties at the
lowest price, write for my catalogue with tlirections for ,
culture. I
WALTER W. COLES. Claymont, Del.

G

mha

OF OVER 100 kinds. Nur-
sery E.'italilished 28 years.

RAPE UIIMES

lu-laware, Conc;ord, Lady, Empire State, Niagara,
Vergennes, Hayes, Early Victor, Lady and all the
best new and old varieties. Splendid Stock. Prices
low. Catalogues FREE.

GEO. W. CAMPBELL, Delaware, O.

PABQOHAB EETSTOHE OOEH PLAHTES

ja4

FOR

1855

ENVALUABLR TO ALLI

Will be maili'd ppf-l- ^•*«»i
to all applicants r lllLk'^Pw
and to customers of last year witlit
ordering It It contains illustrations, prices,
descriptions and directions for planting all
VegcUble and Flower SKKDS, BULBS.etc.

D.M.FERRY&CO.''^i«c£'T

A^% F% I ^ p Bend six cents for postage, and re-
f^r^lib^L reive free, a costly box of goods
which will help you to more money right away than anything
else in this world. All, of either sex, succeed f nun tlrst hour.
The broad road to fortune opens before the workers, abso-
•lutely sure. At once address, True & Co. , Augusta, Me. mh6

bi'Btconi dropjior and Tii<wt
•i fortllierdlBtrlhiitor lu tba
worlJ. Hknd

TOBCatalohub.
jldilre89

A. B.

FiSaUHAS,

Send for Large Illustrated Catalogue.

.30 varieties, rloaii ami Ihriltv. 1st
size, well luaiiclit'il. in bnil,$3 per
100. 2ncl size, (ill.- |>l;uus, $2 per 100.
Hooted Cutlinsjs. $1 per IIKI.
J. W. OAYHOFF,
lnh2 HaKerMtuwn, Md.

20,000
VERBENAS

THE CHANCER FRUIT AND VEGETABLE
E V.A. P O Fl -A. T O Ft S.

$3.50. $6. and $10. Send for finular.

EASTERN MANUFACTURING CO..
ap(> 268 South Filth Street. Phlla.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

15

B- s-wiLUAMs- Stock Plants

lAe bat in cultivation, miiversally groirn, never fail to

give sati^actiiyn. Free by ntail to any part of

the United States or Canada.

■WILLIAMS'

I'rizi- strain of

CALCEOLARIA

Herbaceous (finest mixed).
Per packet, Is. 6d. and 2b. 6d.
Tliis fine strain has been selected
from the dwarfestand most distinct
types and will be found unequalled
for size of flowers and brilliancy of
colors.

WILLIAMS'

Prize strain ol

CINERARIA

(Extra choice mixed),
Per packet, Is. 6d. and 29, 6d.

A superb strain of very dwarf
branching habit and strong consti-
tution, containing a great variety of
colors.

■WILLIAMS'

CYCLAMEN CICANTEUM

(Mixed), containing 4 varieties.
Per packet, 8s. 6d.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM

(Mixed), per pkt. Is. 6cl. anil 86. 6d.
The finest strain in cultivation. For
varieties ot Cyclamen in separate
colors, see lllust'd Seed Catalogue.

FOR FLORISTS ONLY ^^ri^d^^rt*^^

' Washington Market from 6O.000 to 120.000 Beddlog

, Plants, annually, I have tested a great many varieties, and
' throw out all poor ones. I otfer in my list only the Best Old
! and Newer Kinds; especially to beginners in the business,
; viz.:

I 175 Chrysanthemums for $10.00

140 Geraniums, Zonale and Scented 8.00

50 Fuchsias 8.00

40 Verbenas 2.00

24 Carnations .*. 2.00

15 Begonias 1.00

I 6 Lantans, 6 Heliotropes, each 36

I 5 Achiranthns, 5 Alternantheras, each 35

I 24 Coleus. 1,00

I 10 Miscellaneous Plants 60

ROOTED CARNATION CUTTINGS now ready, at 81.50
per 1(W, 812.00 per UXK), as long as supply lasts, in following
varieties : Pres. de Graw, Hinze's White, Peter Henderson,
Edwardsii, Philadelphia, Lady Emma, Pres. Gartield, King
of Crimsons.

Or the whole collection of .500 plants, all labeled, for S25.00*
For Descriptions, see my Wholesale Catalogue.

Nicholas Studer,

tsl2 FLORIST,

ANACOSTIA P. 0., WASHINGTON, D. C.

-WILLIAMS'

Prize strain of

GLOXINIA

Choice mixed.

Per packet, Is. 6d.

This produces immense flowers, of
the most brilliant and varied colors,
both of the erect and drooping va-
rieties.

WILLIAMS'

^^^rxMUI-A SINENSIS FimiATA

-V^''! ( Mixed packets containing 6 vars.)
Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. per pkt.
This superb strain lias stood the test
for ;50 years, and never fails to take
first prizes wherever exhibited. For
new Primulas and superb strain of
Primula, see lllust'd Seed Catalogue

J\>r choice Annuah, Biennialfi, and PerenniaVt, see ILLUS-
TRATED SEED CA7 ALOCr UE FOR 1SS5, gratis
at'd free by mail on application.

Victoria ^ Paradise Nurseries

mh2 Upper HoUoway, London N., England.

THE MW WHITE GRAPE.

♦ FRANCIS B, mil ♦

Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, Pres. Amer. Pomological
Society, says the "HAYES" is THE BEST WHITE CHILD
OF THE CONCORD, anrt one of tbe SWEETEST grapes
he ever tested. It will, he says, probably SUCCEED AL-
MOST EVERYWHERE. The "HAYES" is out of the
same lot of seedlings as the " MOORE'S EARLY."

Send for Catalogue.

JOHX B. MOORE Sc SON,

mh2 CONCORD, MASS.

CARNATIONS

ROOTED CUTTINGS

rates ujion application.

<'rinisoii King and Phlla-
(lelplila, Sil per 100. 1000

Choice Strain Pau.sy .Seed, i'tc. per packet.

GEORGE SMITH, Florist, Manchester. Vermont.

mb2

CL iUffiS&(»RDEN^OOLa«>

wsr

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

CAPE BULBS.

DISA GRANDIFLORA,
very fine Tubers, NE-
II nWl R<NE CORUSCA. extra
•5 "•■ fine. 50c. ca , S40 ^t joo.
AMARYLLIS BELLADONNA. 30c. each, S8S V 'oo.
CRIMSON GIGANTEUM, immense bulbs, S5ea. BRUNS-
VIGIAJOSEPHINE, gigantic bulbs, t5 each FKEESIA
REFRACTA ALBA, the largest bulbs ever offered ; have
not been forced. J8 V loo. ROSES IMPORTED, all best
kinds, including many BARONESS ROTHSCHILD, $18
tp lOo, S150J^ looo. CLEMATIS JACKMANNII, guaran-
teed true, extra strong, t35 f^ loo.

H. WATERER,

• Importer of Plants and Bulbs,
tap 3809 Powelton Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

ITewiRarePlants

Dolphinitiin Breekii. A double dwarf and perpetual
Lurkspur. New French Carnations of Alegatiere.
Andalusia, La Pnrite, Jean Sisley, Triumplie de
Lyon, Chateaubriand, Catherine Paul, Alejjatiere, Le
Favori: all extra varieties. Also new bartly En^^lish Clove-
scented Caruatious lor the open ground— Mrs. Simkins,
Mary Morris, Salmonia, Yello\v Queen, Gertrude Teig-
nier. W. F. iVIilne. Descriptive list sent free on application.

DENYS ZIRNCIEBEL,

tap

NEEDHAM, MASS.

spe:c

LILIUM AURATUM.

Fine Bulbs, per 100 $10.00

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

All the very be.st new and old kinds at cheap
rates.

CARNATIONS.

The following are unsurpassed, viz.: BLACK
KNIGHT, MBS. F. MANGOLD, FAIBY
PEINCESS, PETUNIA, EOSALIND, per 100
$6.00, per 1000 S50.00. JAS. Y. MURKLAND.
the most beautiful of all Scarlets, S12 per 100.

VIOLET SWANLEY 'WHITE.

Per 100 86.00

VENICE AND NEW YORK.

Per 100 812.00

These are really desirable.

ASPARAGUS TENUISSIMUS.

Per 100 SIO.OO

iMo florist should be without this and the truly
valuable

STREPTOSOLON JAMESONL

The finest of all Spring-flowering market plants.
Per 100 S6.00

jll2

V. H. HALLOCK, SON & THORPE, Hinsdale P. 0., Queens, N. Y.

IMPOETEB LILIUM AURATUM

The LARGEST BULBS ever IMPORTED, BULBS measuring from 2% to 3K-in.
in diameter. Each bulb encased in clay and WARRANTED. ORIGINAL CASES,
CONTAINING 70 BULBS, $17.50. Smaller lots at LOW FIGURES.

922 and 924 Market St., Phila.

EVERGREEN:^^ DECIDUOUS

TREE SEEDS.

OTTR CATALOQnK of these Seeds is now ready and contains full list of Evergreen and Deciduous Trees and Shrubs.

THOMAS MEEHAN, Cermantown, Philadelphia.

Vines and Fruits.

STRONG. HEALTHY PLANTS,

Delivered Safely by Mail.

6 Var. CarnationB, 50 cents ; 14 for - - . - 81.00

5 Choice New Varieties -------- 1,00

14 New Oeraniums, Single and Double - - - 1.00

14 Everblooming Roses (14 Sorts) 1.00

8 Hybrid Perpetual 1.00

12 General Aisortment of Plants ----- 1.00

1 Pearl Tuberose as Premium with every liist.

WM. SWAYmB, P. O. Box SSO, Kennett Square, Fa.

Verbenas and Roses

VKKItlONAS TranHplHiiU'd in IIoxon, #15 per KXK).
KOSKS, SiuuU ami Larjje PlantH oileied Cheap on ac-
count ol room by

C. RIBSAM 8l son,

ap2 TRENTON, N. J.

Hbtail Oataloouk of Bkgd* and PI.AMT8 Prbb.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

NXTFiSEIRir STOCKS

A few thousand Pear, Qutnce, Plum, Cherry, &c., for yalo by

tap

C. RAOUX, 296 Pearl Street, New York.

MARSCHUETZ & BACHARACH,

25 NORTH FOURTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.,

IMFOKTER8 OF AND WHtH.KSALE DKALKKS IN

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

Bouquet Papers (Italiens), Pasted Cartons,

Immortelles, Dried Grasses and Flowers,

Ornamental Crass Bouquets, Mosses,
Wire Designs, Tin Foil,

Swiss Moss and Fancy Baskets.

—MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF BASKETS FOR FLORISTS*-

Illustrated Catalogue free on application. Orders will receive careful attention and prompt shipment. apl2

Hybrid Clematis

f3 OUR SPECrALTY. SEND FOR OUR DESCRIPTIVE TRADE LIST.

JOSEPH KIFT, West Chester, Pa.

CUT FLOWERS

Of Roses, Carnations, Smilax, &c.,

Very low for
A-PRir. A.NZ3 MAY.

FLOWERING PLANTS in Large Quantities. ROSES
of leading varieties, $4.00 per 100 and upwards. FRiriT
TREES. GRAPE VINT;S, at Lowest Rates. ORNA-
MENT.AL TREES, FLOTVERING SHRUBS, SMALL
FRUITS, &c., at Lowest Rates. Catalogue mailed free.

I. C. WOOD & BRO., Fishkill, N. Y.

BENCH'S

SIDI>"G Oii WALRTNG

tOKN AM> FALLOW

CnLTIVATOB.

With double row
Corn Planter and
Fertilizer Attach-
ments coDiplete in one
Machine, Received
f niedal and h 1 e h c h t
awurdH of merit at
the Grent Southern
03[po»>itIon, Lotils-
vlllo, Ky.. and a
number of Stute

Fall

• In ISSS.

ap2

THE KING OF THE CORN-FIELD.

Thon.=!an<is in use pivinp entire sati^'faotion. The de-
mand alreadv this season is three times as large as
last year. Kollablc Aeenl* wanted in all unoccupied
territory. Send for cataIoi,'ue, mailed free.
Address MENCH & J>JiOMGOZJ>,

Name this paper. York, Pa.

ForesiTrefis

Largest Stock In America.

Catalp.a Speciosa, Box-Elder,

Maple, Larch, Pine,

Spruce, etc.

FOREST AND EVERGREEN
TREE SEEDS.

inii2 R. DOUGLAS Ji SONS, Waukegan, Ills.

^DREER'S

GARDEN SEEDS

PUNTS, BULBS AND REQUISITES. 1'hey
are the Rest at the Lowest Prices.

Calendar for 1S85 mailed free. Address

HENRYA.DREER

714 CHESTNUT ST. PHILA.

sLOOMINGTON ^f'^'i^^^ft L'.

Ikllirmm%# nrt '"ipurated is,S3. We

NURSERY CO.??r./rv'?^&'

FOrn.traental TREES. Catalnjne fnr SPRFNtr
of 1«H5 now read.v .Hijd mailt-.] on Mpnlicadou.
600 ACRES. 13 GREE.VHOIjsES. mhj

SHADE EVERGREENS, GRAPE YINEUCT

Sugar Maples, 1^ to is ft t a.^;^ I ^ss^

Am. Linden, StoHft.... !!!!!!;!;.".".'.;! '^ LARGE

Norway Spruce, IM to 8 ft I QUANTITIES

Balsam Fir. }.^tnSit r at

Am. Arborvitffi, 2 to 4 ft i niA/ datco

Reed's Golden Arborvitae, 1 to 4 ft ^•"W Kft I ES.

Concord Grape, 2 to 3 years, strong.. ..J ^"^ I ^^^

A general assortment of Fruit. Shade, Evergreens, Grape
Vines, Greenhouse Plants, &c. Prices famished on applica-
tion. Nursery two minutes walk of Christiana Station on
the P. R. R. nih2

W. p. BRINTON, Christiana, Lancaster Co., Pa.

A full history of this valuable fruit
with a beautiful cut of the fruit
FREE. Please send your address
on a postal. mh2

DELOS STAPLES, West Sebewa, Ionia Co., Mich.

BLUEBERRY

18

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

NEW AND RAEE EAST INDIAN AND OTHEE

^ORCHIDS

The undersigned offers EAST INDIAN and other ORCHIDS

in large quantities, well estahlished plants, as well as extra

large specimens. At prices much lower than they can be

purchased in Europe.

ANGR^CCMS in variety ; splendid plants.

AKIDKS— VirensEUisii^Lobbii, Hoseum. Adoratum,Crassi-
folium, Crispum, tiumguevulnerum, Fielding!, &c.

CALANTHAS— Veitchii, Vestita rubra, Lutea, Nivalis, Ac.

CATTLEIA — Eldorado, Eldorado splendens, Superba,
Mossire, Leopold!!, Mendelii, Triana^, Aiuethystina, Leo-
pold!!, Pen-ivaliana, Imperialis, Maxima, Skhierii, die.

OTPRIPEDirMS — Candatum, Concolor, Niveum,
Pierceii, Lawrenciana, Sedcni, Lowei, Spicerianum,
Arprus, Ciliolare, Ro^zUi, Kolielina, Ac.

DENDROBIUMS— Aggregatum, Albo-Sanguineum, Bar-
batuluni, riirysanthum, (Jretaoeuni, Chrysotoxum,Cras-
sinoda, Dalhousianum, Devomaiuini, Eburneum, Fal-
couerii, fimbriatum occulatum, fonuosum giganteum,
Luteolum, macrophylluni gigantuum. Parish!!, Pier-
ardii latifolia Suavissiaium, Wardiauum, Dearii, Thy-
rsiflorum, Jamesaanum, Nodatum, Densiflorum,
Schrcederi, Ac.

LjELIAS— Anceps, Superbiens, Alba, Dawsonii, Perrinii,Ac.

liYCASTESKINNERII— Agraudwinter-tloweringOrciud.

ODONTOGLCSSUMS— Grande, Bictoniensia.Rossiimajus,
Phnla*no|)sis. Kramer!!, Roezl!!, Crispum, Pescatorea,&c.

PH^LANOFSIS— Amabilis, Schilleriana, Cornu Cervi, Ac.

SACCOLAIJIUM — Blumei majus, Guttatum, Ampula-

ceiim, Violaceuni,Curvifol!um giganteum, Retusem, Ac.

Masdevallias ; Tricopilia; Vadas; Barkerias; Chysis;

Coryanthes; Phaius; Stauhopeas; Sobralia ; Utricularias.

With many rare Orchids. Catalogue on application.

tmU5 WASHINGTON, D. C.

FLOWER SEEDS

For FLORISTS and GROWERS.

Aster, White Perfection* trade packet 50

" Clioice Mixed " 50

Cineraria Graudiflora. Prize ■< SI. 00

Primula Sin. Fimbriata, mixed trade packet 1.00

Snailax I)er oz. 2.00

Balsam, White Perfection " 2.50

White Candytuft, Phlox, Mignonette, Salvia,
Hollyhock and all other flower Seeds for present

SOwinii. Seiul for Price List.

HENRY A. DREER, Seedsman and Florist,

714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

25

YEARS IN THE

POULTRY YARD.

ItJth Edition. 108 Pages, explain-
ing the entire bu.siness. Gives
symptoms and best remedies for
h11 diseases. A SO-pane Illustrated
Catalogue. All lorS.'ic. in stamps.

A. M. LANG,
Cove Dale, Le\ris Co. K7.

Every Woman

HER OWN FLOWER GARDENER.

UY DAI.SY KYKUKIOUT.

Illustrated. 148 pages, small 8vo, cloth. Price, $1.00; by
mall post-paid.

CHA8. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

TllIltTV YEAltS' experience in the hiiNinPNH,

lhebe:i'st,'a"S»;;fVegetable,Flower&Field Seeds.

Forniirilv, vitiililv. inid Nuiierior i|iialil> ,th. y can.

not )jr exeelle<l, i.H|«-in,lly fur tlin>.. wlin ii|.|.ii-riate a
cnoiechlfirkof Si'cdN. Aln;il iHi(.,|n,-^t, d aiHlth.'ywlll
recomim n.l fliiii,si-lv,-». Siiiilh'n .Seed riiliilnsue,

Bulbs. ;i!Hn I]iiph-tiK'iitH;inii(;9raen K.niiiMt's niailtHlto
allai.j.li.aiitB. FKKK Wi»i . II. SitllTli , >ee<Ninan,
(Latenf thti tinii of Henry A. Dreer) DUii ARCI DUIA

re"i<nN ,HAKKKT.»(TKKET. rnlLAUtLrHIA.
A.. Br-.A.M'C

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS,

8EEHSMENANDNCRSEK1MEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cbeap. Wend 25c. for large illustrated
book and deduet from 1st order. No
one can compete with me iu prices
for New work. ft£

TOBACCO STEMS,

In bales weighing 500 lbs. each, at 86.00 per bale, or three

bales for S12.00.
TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board of boats or cart.

»i2 Straiton & Storm,

204-208 Bast 27th St., New York City.

ap.3

FUN

Bro. Jonathan's Jokes

SJH'|ia-f^es,IlIu.stratca. Sont,
Tost paid. I'urTwelvo Cento.
Excelsior FublisblDg UouM, 2&&31 BeekinaDSt.,NewVorli.

LOUIS BOEHMER,

Jl

EXPORTER OF

,k

NOS. 4, 5 <Sc 28 BI.XTFF,

Prices on application.

tfl2]

YOKOHAMA. JAPAN.

CLEMATIS

A large collection at much reduced prices. ROSES, pot-
grown, cheap. VERBENAS, fine bushy plants, i»3 per 100.
All other Greenhouse and lledding Plants will bo sold at

very low prices.

mh2

G£ROLD ALTORFER,

West Chester, Pa.

ap2

PYRA:>m>AT.rs and <3po. Peabody Arbnr-
vitjp, Kfiiiii<4iM>riitHiU]il other KvrrKTct'n r(n)t4Hl
Cuttink'H. by tlir liNj. 1.(mhi. 10, uw) (ir6U.uoo. Marl-
boro and Kutii-ornM Hiispberry antl other .small
JFruit Plants. OrnaiiicnCal sxuaFrnit Tr^rs. firape

Vinea.Asparagtu Roots, etc. ( hM.B.llornor,at.lIullj,IlU

PATENT BINDER

For the Gakdhn&r's Monthly. Numbers filed with the greatest
Convenience. Preserve them filed tor reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 40
cents each. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut St. Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

19

&EEE101ISES for REIT

Stock ^ Business for Sale.

Established Business, wholesale and retail ; 14,000 sq^iiare
feet of glass heated by steam, two 2-5 horse power boilers,
brick oflk-e and work room, ^nod packing and coal sheds,
city water in each house and sheds, large stable and
grounds; a complete establishment.

A Fine Lot of Ornamental I'lants and Camellias from
4 to 7 feet high. For Sale Cheap. 10,000 Voung Roses
and other Stock, at low rates. For particulars address,

W. B. & "W. M. TABER,

Wholesale Florists,
tap DETROIT, MICH.

LOW PRICES.

CurcuUgo, froin4-in. pots per 100..«lO.OO

" 5 and 6-in. pots *' .. 35.00

Aspedistra, from -l-in. pots *' 10.00

" 5 and G-in. pots " .. 25.00

Strelitzia Reginte, from 10-in. pots *' .. 50.00

Rosemary, from 5-in. pots *' la. 00

Deutzia. from 2i^-in. pots " .. 2.50

Golden Honeysuckle, from 2J^-in pots " .. 3.00

Epiphylluni, from 5-in. pots " .. 12.00

Agaves, from 4-in. pots " .. 7.00

I>onl>le White Primulas, from 6-in. pots. " .. 25.00

Calla IJlies, from 4 and 5-in. pots " .. 10.00

AcaljTpha, from 2X-in. pots *' . . 6.00

Amaryllis Bulbs .". " 2.50

X.ycop*odium in var., from 3-in. pots "^ 5.00

Bouvardia, from 2-in pots " 2.00

Coleus. from 2J.i-in. pots *' 1.60

Camellias, about 4 ft. high each . . 2.00

" large plants G ft. high " . . 8.00

Fuchavis Amazonica, from 7 and 8in. pots, per doz. 6.00

Also a general assortment of greenhouse plants at lowest
prices. Address,

A. R. REINEMAN & BRO.,

39 FIFTH AVE , - - PITJ3BURQ. EA.

Special Of erfor 1885

ROSES IN 2' -INCH POTS.

NIPHETOS, Si6 per lOil; PERLES— Cath. Mermet,

BoNSiLENE, Safrano, S5 per 100; Sunset, «10 per 100;
Wm. Fkakcis Bennp:tt, i»3 each, S18 per doz. Plants
very fine and strong;. VERBENAS out of sand, SI per 100,
»8 per 1000. New Verbena, America, «1 per doz. CAR-
NATIONS 8 weeks rooted, transplanted into boxes, 83 per
100, S17.60 per lOOO. GERANIUMS, 2>^-in. pots «14 per 100.
Impatiens Sultani and New Alyssum, Benthami
COMPACTiTM, SI per dozen. The rarest gem yet in Verbenas
— Favorite, 35c. each. 12 best varieties of Double
Petunias for SI. Also 6 best varieties of Heliotropes,
SI per doz,

C. O. D. orders from unknown customers must he accom-
panied with 25 per cent, cash to insure reception of the
goods.

« DeWITT BROTHERS, Bristol, Pa.

The Flowering Plants,

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF

gre:a.t brxtazn

And their allies, the Clab Mosses, Fepperworts and
Horsetails.

By ANNIE PRATT,
8 yols. octavo, cloth, gilt. 319 full colored plates. Illustra-
ting 1543 species figured with index in each vol. with botani-
cal and common name referring to plate, figure and paper.
Price $;i2..50 sent post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Fhlla.

TO WHOLESALE FLORISTS.

I will deliver in May, Amaryllis Treatal, native of South
Carolina, tine selected Bulbs only. Endorsed by Lewis
Childs, (.Queens, N. Y„ (introducer) as superior to Florida
var. Also A. Sarniensis, true Guernsey Lily. 5 vara. Nar-
cissus, viz.: Jon<iuillea or Camparnelli; Trumpet or Hoop
Petticoat, yellow ; ditto, cream color, Incomparabilis, double ;
Pacticus. At slight advance on Holland prices. Other
Hardy Bulbs, name and price on application. 500 at 1000 rates.
tap R. THOMSON, Jr., Spartanburg, S. C.

ENGRAVING PiyTOGRAPH-

NO DRAWING REquFRED •

NO HAND WORK NECESSARY-

SEND (CHEAP. ARTISTIC.

iRTirmiiR<:) CROSSCUP i WEST ENG.CO.

AKIILULflK!)l 7,02 CHESTNUT ST. PHILA.PA.

Indian Azaleas,

TRADE SIZES AND SPECIMENS,

Mollis and Ghent Azaleas, Rhododenrons, CamelliaSp
Orchids, Palms and General Buropean Stuck. Apply to

A.. VA.N C3-EEFIT,

mbtf Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

t-he: G-RrE.A.T Nsvr qxtxnce:

MEECH'S PROLIFIC.

The most wonderful of all new fruits. Beautiful pho-
tograph of branch of fruit, and circular giving descrip-
tion, directions in culture, method of pruning, valuable
receipts, interesting articles from the press, etc. all free.
Largest stock of Mulberry Trees in America. Send for
circular .and price list. HANCE & BORDEN, Red Bank,
N. J., and 31 Fulton St., N. Y. f4

BTJLBS

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. F. FISH.

BeinR descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and 'bulbous plants, and their chief vaiie-
tiea ; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors, illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 81-1 Chestnut St., Phila.

SWEET POTATO CULTURE.

GIVING FULL INSTRUCTIONS FROM

STARTING THE PLANTS TO HARVESTING
AND STORING THE CROP.

WITH A CHAPTER ON THE CHINESE YAM.

BY JAMES FITZ,

Keswick, Va., author of "Southern Apple and Peaoh
Culturist. " Paper cover. Price, Post-paid, 40 cents.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

)f

A Complete System of Book-Keeping for
Farmers. Planters, and Gardeners*

BT A. L. CAMPFIELD.

Every one should keep a strictaccount of all business traosactions,
and thereby save much trouble that comes of neglect. This is a
plain, practical system of book-keeping, easily understood, and
especially adapted to the wantsof the Farmer. Full instructions in
each book. Can be carried in an ordinary pocket; i8o pages,
bound in sheep-skin. Price 75 cents. Mailed postage free on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

20

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

PLANTS for FLORISTS

Large Surplus Slock quoted to the trade this month, very
low, by thi' liiO. Send lor prices. Alternanthera aurea naim,
&c.; Ageratums; Begonias, best sorts; Buuvardia, Double
and Single; Canna Ehemanii, &c.; Cobea scandens; Carna-
tions, new sorts ; Chrysanthemums, Thorp's new sorts ;
Callas, 3 and 4-in. pots; Clematis, 12 best sorts; Cyclamen;
Dahlias, dry roots; Daphna odorata; Daisies, of sorts;
Fuchsias, new sorts; Geraniums, ]O0 sorts; Hydrangeas,
1 and 2 years: Hoya Cornosa, strong; Ivies, English; Lan-
tanas, 10 sorts; Hoses, all the new sorts j^ Streptosolon
Jamesoni ; Stephenotis flonbunda; Double Violets; Hardy
Shrubs, pot-grown, 50 sorts. Catalogues and Price List free.

tmh2 PAUL BUTZ & SON, New Castle, Pa.

JOHN SAUL'S

CATALOGUE OF

h% Ears and kutiiul Plants for 11,

Is full in .ill the really good new plants that have appeared
during the year ; with "rich collections of Fine Foliage and
other Greenhouse and Hot-house Plants, well grown and
at low prices, free to all our customers; to others 10 cent^,
or a plain copy free.

Roses.

An immense stock of all tUe New French and English
Varieties. Pot grown at cheap rates. New Kose Catalogue
free.

Of this vcr>' beautiful plant a most extensive collection is
grown. Theplants are tine.

NEW SINGLE DAHLIAS.

Single Dahlias. Plants and Seeds from Ware's Collec-
tion, the finest in England "This strain is the finest in the
trade." See plate in Catalogue.

A very large collection of rare orchids— well-established
plants and specimens — East Indian, South American, Ac.
Catalogues free.

fS

H.

Its History, Culture, Classlllcation and Nomenclature.

BY F. W. BURBIDQE,

Curator of Trinity College Botanical Gardens, Dublin. 102
pages. Octavo, cloth. Price, S1.5U ; by mail, post paul.
Address, „, .,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., Pbila.

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designeil to afford Information conceniing the Planting
and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit ; and giving
Suggestions upon the Cre.ition and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and Conditions
of the United States.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, PH.D..

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

Large 12mo, pp. .1S1. Numerous Illustrations, 82.00. Will
be sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Fblla.

ROSEST

A LARGE STOCK OF THE LEADING
VARIETIES AT LOW RATES.

La France, Perle, Niphetos. Bon Silene,

Safrano, etc., $6 ; Sunset, $10 ;

Bennett, $90 per 100.

Catalogues on application.

F. HAHMAN,

HarmiatB lant, PWlaleljWa, Pa.

tmh3

The Best Bright Red

ALTERNANTHEKA by the 100 or 1000. Lowest rates
on application.

MYERS' FLORAL ESTABLISHMENT,

ap2

ALTOONA, PA.

The New Early White Grape

EMPIRE STATE

FOR WHICH WE PAID THE ORIGINATOR

In cash and control the entire stock, is now first offered to the
trade. Send for Descriptive Circular and Price List. Also a
fine stock of one and two year Roses and two year Clematis.

Address,

PRATT BROS., Nurserymen,

mh2 Rocliester, N. Y.

SIBERIAN ARBOR VIT>€T

10 to 12-in., 2 years tp"d.

HEMLOCK, 10 to 12-in., 3 years tp'rt. NORWAY

SPRUCE, 8 to 12 and 1.5in. tpVi. CHEAP IN LOTS.

Also RARE NEW EVERGREENS, 8 to 12 in. Send

for Price List to

J. BXJTXEFIXON,
mh2 The London Nursery. Hammonton, N. J.

TF you wish to make the

Gardeners' Monthly

TUREE TIMES AS VALUABLE,

BIND THE NUMBERS

Of each year. The index for the year's volume makes every
article in it easily accessible, ami you will be surprised to
find how fresh and satisfactory the magazine is for reference.
If vou liave no bookbinder in convenient re.ich, mail us
your n\nnbers, post-paid, and 90 cts. in stamps for each year,
enclosed in your letter of advice. We will return you the
volumes bcuind in ne.at cloth cases post-paid. II you value
the magazine in numbers you will value it still more pre-
served m this permanent form. Address,

CHAS. H. HAROT, 814 Chestnut St., rhila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

21

Carnation Plants' FOREIGN GRAPE YINEQ

StiDiiir iihuits iif liUTTEliCnPrinil CKN'TIIHY, _" .-imli
pots, 812.00 per 100. Price List o( ROOTED CUTTINGS
and STRONG PLANTS of PETER HENDERSON,
SNOWDON, LADY EM^L\, PHILADELPHLV. GRACE
WEILDER, CRLMSON KING, CHESTER PRIDE and
others on aiiplication,

"WM. SWAYNE,

tap P. O. Box 336, KENNETT SQUARE, FA.

TUBEROSE BULBS

Per loo Per looo

Pearl, 1st Size S3.00 S25.00

2nd" S2.00 S I8.00

Double, 2nd Size S 1.75

«S-ALL BUUJS GUARANTEED PURE, aiil

ENGLE & BRO., ap2

Nurserymen and Florists, Marrietta, Pa.

THEORCHlD ALBUM

A Serial Monthly Work on Exotic Orcliids. Conducted by
Robert Wakner and Benjamin S. Williams. Botanical
Descriptions by Thomas Mooke, Curator of Chelsea
Botanic Uardens. The colored tigures by John Nugent
Fitch. Size of page royal quarto, enabling artist to pro-
duce ample and inielli^ible portraits of the plants, which
are drawn and colored in the best style. The text comprises
English botanical descriptions of tlie plants, notes on their
cultivation and such general observations as may prove of
interest and utility to cjrcliid-growers. The subjects selected
for illustration comprise the most ornamental and attractive
species and varieties, new and ohl, of this noble and beauti-
ful family ; presenting to subscribers a splendid annual
album of floral pictures for the drawing-room and library.
Sold by subscription and issued in regular monthly parts, at
$1 25 per part, or $15 00 for the twelve annual pans, mailed
post free on receipt of price. Kach part contains four hand-
somely colored plates with corresponding letter-press ; and
a volume of twelve paits will be completed annually. First
part was«issued July, IbSl, and an annual volume will be
completed in June of each year following, until the subject
is exhausted.

Orders as received by the undersigned will be entered and
forwarded to the Publisher in London. An interval of from
four to six weeks will ensue between reception of initial
numbers (per mail, direct from London,) by subscriber,—
afterwards regularly each month.

Advertisements of a suitable character will be admitted
at following rates per single issue : Whole page, ^0.00 ; half-
page, gll.2o; quarter-pa^e, So.50; per inch., single column,
S1.5U. Terms cash with the order. Address for subscription
or advertising.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Sole Agent for the United States,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia

MUSHROOMS

For the MILLION, n Practical Ireatise on the cuUtration
of the MOST PROFITABLE out-Uoor crop knmmi.

BY JOHN ^VRIGHT.

Illustrated. r2mo, cloth. 104 pages. Price, 50 cents, by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

Architects'and Builders' Pocket Companion

AND PRICE BOOK,

By FRANK W. VODGES, Architect.

Consisting of a short but comprehensive epitome of Decimals, Duo-
decimals. Geometry and Mensuration, with tables of U. S. Mea-
sures, strengths, etc., of iron, wood, stone and various other ma-
terials, quantities of materials in given sizes and dimensions of
wood, brick and stone, and a full and complete biil 0/ prices for
Carpenter -work. Also, rules for computing and valuing brick and
bricK-work, stone work, painting, plastering, &c., 284 pages, i6mo,
cloth $1.50. Tuck, ^2.00. Sent by mad postage free, on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St . Phila.

FOR GRAPERIES

PRIPP • ^ ^"® ^^^"^ ^^^ vines, $1.00 each.
*'^ ■ / Two year old vines. $2.00 each.

Bowood Muscat.
Muscat Hamburg,
Canon Hall Muscat,
Madresfield Court Muscat,
Mrs. Place's Black Muscat,
Muscat of Alexandria,
Black Prince,
Black Alicante,
Black Barbarossa,
Black St. Peter's.
Buckland Sweetwater,
Calabrian Raisin,
Chasselas de Fontainebleau ,
Chasselas White,
Chasselas Golden,
Duchess of Buccleuch,
Frontignan White,

Catalogue sent free on application.
We would also call special attention to our stock of
Camellias, Azaleas, Acacias, Roses and general collection
of winter-blooming ornamental foliage and bedding plants

DAVID FERGOSSON & SONS, Laurel Hill Nurseries,

Frontignan Grizzly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg W^ilmot's,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria,
Lady Down's Seedling,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz.
Trentham Black,
White Nice,
White Syrean,
White Sweetwater,
White Tokay.

t.f.l2

Ridge and Lehigh Avenues, Philadelphia, Pa.

THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. Svo. paper. Second edition,
revised by the author. 25c. Mailed, post-paid on receipt of
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal." — London Oardener* s Magazine.

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and also nf those who are about to study
ii."— Z/WirfOTi Jouitial 0/ Horticulture.

"No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teachers of Botany." — Gardeners' Monthly.

Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal.— 7Ae Botanical Gazette,

" It would be difficult to overestimate the difference be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analysis of flowers."— iV. Y. Evening Post.

"The mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable puri^ose in train-
ing the mind.' — Country Gentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY.

By Robert Buist.
With practical directions for the Culture of Plants in Flower-
Garden, Hot-House, Green-House, Rooms, or Parlor Windows,
for every month of the year. Instructions for erecting Hot-
house, GreeL house, and laying out a Flower garden. Instruc-
tion for cultivating, propagating, pruning and training the
Grap3 vine and description of best sorts for the open air. 34
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $1 50. Sent by mail post paid on receipt
of price. CHAS. H. MAROT,

R14 Chestnut St T^hila.

INJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

By MARY TREAT.

Kully IHustratcrt. 2S8 pages. 12mo, cloth.
Price, &2.00 by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, K14 Chestnut St., Phlla.

Art of Propagation.

\ Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and Every-
body. 32 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 25 cuts, price 30
cents. Mailed, postage free, on receipt of price.

Address CHAS H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut P» .PhiJa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

tjaS

Warranted to Crow.

or order reflUed jjratis. 1 have sold vt-K^^filJl*^ and nower
6i.'t'(l tu uM't a uiilliuii farmers and £:ardeDer8 in the
Lnited Staii-s, perhaps suine are your neighbors, if so ask
them whi'ther they are reliable. Mr. Thomas Henehall of
Tiiiv.Kaii.sas.write.s me: "For 26 years I have dealt with
yoii. 1 have lived in Iowa, Missouri, Colorado, and Knn-
■;, and no matter what the soil or climate, the result
IS alwaj^s the same, to wit:— rellglouBly honest
d good." Tilts IS the kind of seed I raise and selt. The
Hubbard and Marblehead Squash. IMarblebead
Corn, Marblehead CabbaKes, Ohio l*olat<>. Kclinse
lieett are ^uine ot the vev;L'tabU-> of which 1 \\ a^ tin- t^riuiiiitl in-
troducer. A Fair with $iOO in premiums. See my catalot;iit;,rree lo all.
'JAMES J H. ORCGORV, (Seed Grower), Marbtehead. Mass

IftTayside FloiArers

Being a compilation of thirty-one ol the beautiful plates from "Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States" and 128 pp. of text-

-BIT THIOIMI^S IvdlElEHIJ^:]^,

Author of "The Native Flowers and Ferns of U. S. ;" Professor of Vegetable Physiology in Penna. State Board ol
Agriculture ; Editor of The Gardener's Monthly ; Vice-President Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila.

This work is appropriate for AN ELEGANT PRESENT. Splendid paper and typography ; Bound in fine cloth,
beyilled boards, gilt edges. The balance of the edition for sale at retail only. Only a few more copies left»

Bent by mai postage free. Address,

C2:^PRICE S5.00^sz5

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

IIIJIIODS TO FRUITS.

By Wm. Saunders, F. R. S. C.

Dedicated to the Fruit Growers of America. 8 vo., cloth,
pp. 436. lUustrated with 440 Wood Cuts. Price $3.00 by
mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Fruit Growers' Hand-Book,

By F. R. Elliott author of " Western Fruit Growers' Guide**
(one of the best posted men on the subject in the United States).
Contains the practice on all subjects connected with fruit growing.
The book is made for those who ^;row fruit for their own use Also
an Appendix , containing matter relating to the selection and culture
of Ornamental Trees, Roses, Plants, &c. Illustrated with 45 wood-
cuts, 130 pages, i6mo, cloth, $1 ; paper, 60 cts. Sent by mail
postpaid on receipt of price* Address,

CHAS.H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

Parts & GarfiBis ol Paris

considered in relation to the wants of OTHER CITIES, and ol
fUBLIC and PRIVATE GROUNDS

By WM. ROBINSON.

Splendidly and profusely illustrated, pp. 548. Octavo. Price
S7-60. Mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AND OUT BUILDINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designs to suit every taste andpocket
257 fllustrations, 23s pages, 12 mo. cloth, price, $1.50. Mailed,
postpaid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.

FOR THE NATUR.^LIST AND ANGLER.
DR. JAMES A. HENSHALL'S

BOOK OF THE BLACK BASS.

Comprising its complete Scientific and Life HistorieSj to-
gether with a Practical Treatise on An^^ling and Fly-fishing,
and a full account of Tools, Tackle ana Implements.

Large 12oio. 460 pages. Fully Illustrated. Price, 83.00.
Sent oy mail, prepaid, on receipt of the price. Address,
CHAS. H, MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

The Botanist's Pocket Book.

4th Edition, cloth limp. pp. 208. By \V. B. Hayward.
Containing in a tabulated form the chief characteristics of
I^ritish Plants, with the Botanical Name, Common Name»
Soil and Situation, Growth and Time of Flowering of every
Plant, arranged under its own Order. Price $1.70. Mailed,
postage free. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

PRACTICAL

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise on the Propagation and Culture of the Camellia Ja*
ponica, by Robert J. Halliday. Illustrated with Five Colored
Plates and 50 Wood Engravings. 12mo,pp. 141, cloth. Price, $2.00.
Sent by mail post-paid, on receipt of price. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia,

FARMING

WITH

ON PLUMCROVE FARM,

BY C. HARLAN. M.D.

269 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price 81 .00, mailed, post-paid, on receipt
ol price Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phib.

London Gardener's Chronicle

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers in the U. S. fof
90.36 per year. Apply to

CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent, 8i4 Chestnut St.. Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

23

30 FINEST VARIETIES. NO RUST OR MILDEW.

We oft>r extra fine j>l:uitj^ s''own in 2J^-in. pots ut $2.50
per 100; $20.00 per 11300. Packeil liglit ami satisfaction

J. L. DILLON, Florist,

Bloomsburg, Pa.

guaranteeil.
tmyl2

We are still otferin^f Great Bargains in Sliatle Trees of
all sizes. Larpe Norway Spruce— Ketinospora obtusa.
4 feet: American Arborvit-n^ and a General Assortment
to close out the Business.

tf3

H, FOSXEFl,

(Nursery) Babylon, L. I.,

N. Y.

SECOND-HAND BOOKS

BY MAIL ON RECEIPT OF PRICE.

SPEAK QUICKLY IF YOU WANT THEM.

Say in your order, "Second-Hand List."

AUen'8 Domestic Animals

" Rural Architecture

Beet Root Supar, Grant

Bicknell's Village Builder <St Supplement, Fol. (plates)

Brackett's Farm Talk

Breck's New Book of Flowers

Bridgeman's American Kitchen Gardener

Butler's Family Aquarium

Coles Americaii Veterinarian

Coultas' Principles of Botany

Downing's Cottage Resiliences

" Landscape Gardening and Rural Archit. .

" Rural Essays .

Emmon's Agriculture "of N. Y., 3 vols. 4to, plates, At.
Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Gardener's Companion..

Fulton on Peach Culture

Grape Culture and tlie Strawberry, Buchanan

Green and Congdon's Botany, C^uarto. Illustrated

Guide to the Orchard, Floy

Half-hours in the Green Lanes, Taylor, Illustrated

Harris on Injurious Insects, colored plates

Hayne's American Farrier

Hey's Mrs., Sylvan Musings, 23 col. plates, full calf

Hoffey's N. A. Pomologist (Dr. Brinkle) 38 col. plates,

Quarto

Hooper's Western Fruit Book

Klippart's Land Drainage

Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants A Fl'rs, col. plates, full calf.
Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants &. Flowers, col. plates, cloth.
Liebeg's Turners' Chemistry, 1394 pp., 8vo

S 7.5 1
1 00

1 ooj

6 50 1

50
1 451

sot

50t

50!
1 251
450

3 85'
15 00

1 00 i
1 25!

75 1
1 501
1 00 I
1 75
550

25
500

300
1 00
50
1 25
6 00

4 50
350

Lyman's Cotton Culture

Mac Donald's Food from the F.ar West

Merrick's Strawberrj' Culturist

Mcintosh's Orchard, with colored plates

Minot's Land and Game Birds of NewEnglaud, lU'd..

New American (iardener

Paxton's Hort. Register, 2 vols, in one (18.31-1833)

Philadelphia Business Directory, li<84, Boyd

Prince on the Vine

Prince's Pomological Manual

Randall's Sheep Husbandry

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden, cloth

" " " K tky, gilt edges

Riddell's Architect, folio, uyixl'^ (col. plates)

Stewart's Stable Book

Studies, by J. A. Dorgan

Talpa, or Chronicles of a Clay Farm

Taylor's Bee Keepers Manuel, Illustrated

■Phe Plant, a Biography, 5 col. plates and 13 wood eng'8

Thompson's, The Food of Animals

Thomas' Fruit Culturist

Todd's How to Make Farming Pay

Turner's Cotton Planters Manual

Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler

Waring's Elements of .\griculture

William's Window Gardening

WoodrufTs Trotting Horses of America

Young Angler III ustrated

»1 IQ
200

eo
3 00

2S0
76

1 00
75
75
76

1 25

2 25
260

10 00
1 26

76

76
1 50
2S0

75
175
200
1 10
1 SO

76
1 26
200

76

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 ChestnatStree1,Phila.

PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

8

.30
.HB
.76
.SO
.■76
1.00
1.00

Book for Beginners with the Microscope, Phin, boards, fully Illustrated

Cements and Glue, Phin, stiff covers

Chemical History of the Six Days of Creation, Phin, 12mo, cloth

Common Objects for the Microscope, Wood, 400 Illustrations, 12 colored plates

Diatoms. A. Mead Edwards, 12uio, cloth

Five Hundre<l and Seven Mechanical Movements, Brown, Eleventh Edition

How to Use the Microscope, Phin, 86 Engravings, tinted paper, 12mo

Lectures in a Workshop, Pemberton, r2u)o, cloth 1.00

Microscope .and Its Revelations, Carpenter, pp. 882, cloth, 26 plates, 500 EngraWngs 6.S0

Microscopical Examination of Drinking Water, McDonald, 8vo, cloth, 24 plates 8.70

One Thousand Objects for the Microscope, Cooke, 12 plates, 500 figures, 12mo, boards 60

Ponds and Ditches, M. C. Cooke, 12mo, cloth .76

Section Cutting : To Prepare and Mount Sections for Microscope, Marsh, 12mo, cloth ,TS

Shooting on the Wing, by an Old Gamekeeper, r2mo, cloth '78

Steel Square and Its Uses, Hodgson, cloth '76

Wood Engraving, Instruction in the Art, Fuller, fully Illustrated .30

Mailed, post free, on receipt of price. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphi^a.

The Scientific AnglerTAiBrlcai Gaioe BlrJ MM

Being a general and instructive work on Artistic Angling.
By the late Davtd Foster.

Containing the habits and haunts of fish, bottom fishing
(general), pike fishing, spinning for trout, worm fishing for
trout, grub fishing for grayling, piscatorial entomology, on
fly making; ny fishing for* trout and gravlinp;, live fly and
beetle tlshuig. notes on the month tor dy fishing, salmon
and sea trout fishing, about hooks.

Pp. 247. Illustrated. Cloth, 12mo. Price, post-paid, $1.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

By JOHN MORTIMER MURPHY.

Author of Uporiing Adventures in the Far West^ Rambles #n
NorOnvest America, The Zoology and Resources of Ore-
gon and Washington Territory. A Search for the
Mountain of Gold, The Forester of the Ardennes^
Adventures in the Wilds of Florida^ etc., etc.

Handsomely Illustrated. 347 pages. 12mo. Cloth. Tinted
( Paper. Price, $2.00 by mail, post paid. Address
1 CHAS. H. MAROT,

1 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

24

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

JOHM* S.A.XT

CATAL(3GUE.S OF

Planis, Ml, Trees, k.

Catalogue of New, Rare and Beautiful Plants, issued in
February, with a colored |)Iate, free.to customei-s. To others
10 cents, or a plain copy tree.

CATALOGUE OF ROSES.

All the novelties as well as standard sorts, well-grown pot
plants at low rates.

CATALOGUE OF ORCHIDS.

Cool, Intermediate and Tropical Orchids. An immense
stock of well-established plants.

CATALOGUE OF SEEDS.

Seeds of the finest strain of Single Dahlias, FI'>rist Flowers,
with other novelties of value among flowers and vegetables.

CATALOGUE OF FRUITS.

All the Standard Fruits. Pears, Apples, Peaches, Small Fruits.
Tlie stock is large, well-grown, and moderate in price.

Ornamental Trees, X^verg^reens, Shrubs, Vines, &c.,
are extensively g^ron'n.

Catalogues of Roses, Orchids, Seeds, Fruits, Trees, &c., Free.

JOHN SAUL,

fS WASHINGTON, D. C.

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day Handbook for the Farm. Full
of Labor-saving devices and Home-made contrivances,
within the reach of all. Contains the best ideas gathered
from a score of practical men in all departments of Farm
Labor. 212 Illustrations, 2J0 pages, 12 mo, cloth. By mail,
post paid, for $1.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut St., Phila.

Being the expeiience of many practical writers. Bring-
ing together the devices that hundreds of housekeepers
have found useful in their o\vii homes. 'The "Conveniences"
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
ing that they may lighten the labor and "save steps" to
many an over-wnrkeil housekeeper. 220 Illustrations, 240
pages, 12 mo, cloth. Sent by mail, post paid, for SI. 50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAUOT, 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

Manual of Accidents and Emergencies,

Or how to avoid accidents and what to do when they occur,
with notes on the Preservation <>f Health. Compiled for the
use of Teachers, Students, ami the Industrial Classes,

By Geo. A. Groff, M. D.,

of the University of Lewishurg, Pa. pp 92, 12 mo. boards,
price 50 cents by luail post-paid.
Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Bose,

by WM. PAUL.

9a pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, HI 00

Sent Prepaid by mail od receipt of price.

OHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestoul Street, Phila

Mff Raspberry Marlboro, Circulars gw-

•" Gooseberry,lndustry, ^^^i'^^^

Grape Niagara, t.-sether with a

colored plate of the CJooseberry free.

ELLWAMiEK & BARRT,

tf3

IlTr. ITopeNiirBcricB.

Rochester, N. Y.

JUST PUBLISHED.

The Sportsman's Gazetteer,

BY CHARLES HALLOCK.

New, Revised and Enlarged Edition.

This well-known volume, comprising 1,000 pages, passed
through six editions, and became the recognized authority
in lintli i-nntinents on matters pertaining to Field Sports.
It has now beL-n revised under the personal supervision <^
the author, wlio, since the appearance of the last edition,
ha.s largely extended his knowledge ot the subjects treated
by three years' travel over nevv portions of the United
States and Canadas, which have not hitherto been brought
to the immediate attention of sportsmen. This revised
edition contains entirely new matter in several depart-
ments, a newly engraved portrait of the author, new maps,
and many fine illustrations representing Game IJirds, Game
Dogs, Game Fishes, etc., etc. Price, post-paid, S:i.OO.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO PROPAGATE

GROW^FRUIT

BY CHAS. A. GREEN.

pages.

: fifty engravings. Price, paper, 50 cte., prepaid by mall.
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PARSONS ON THEROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

HV SAMUEL B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation. Culture and History of the
Rose. Illustrated. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price tl.oO. Sent
by mail post-paid on roceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henry T. Williams.

Devoted specially to the Culture of Flowers and Ornampntal
Plants for In-door use and Parlor Decoration. Splendidly illus-
trated. 300 pages, raed. 8vo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sout by mail
post-paid on receipt ol price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

Hy JoHiah Hoopea.

A iiritctical treatise on the Conifene or Cone-bearing planU.
Handsomely illustrated. 4:i5 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price Sa.OO*
Sent by mail post-paid on rt-ueipt of price.

Address

CHAS. H. MARO'l,
814 Chestnut St., Phi.a.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

25

GACTACEOUS PLANTS

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Koyal Gardens, Kew.
12 mo, cloth. L13 panes with numerous illustrations. Price,
50 cents ; by mail, (irepaitl.

CHAS. H. MA.ROT, 81-1 Chestnut St., Phila.

■^TEACHING^

ANU SELF.TKACHING BY

NATURAL METHODS.

cts

The New Botany, by Prof. Beal, paper, Price 25

Industrial Education in the Public Schools, by Prof.

Straight, paper 15

How to Use Wood- Working Tools, by Geo. Leonard

Chaney, cloth 50

GUIDES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING.
Published under the Auspices of Boston Society of

Natural History.
No. I— About Pebbles, by Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, paper 15
" n — Concerning a Few Common Plants, by Prof.

Goodale, paper 25

" m — Commercial and other Sponges, by Prof. A.

Hyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

" IV— First Lesson in Natur.al History, by Mrs. Eliza-
beth Ag.assiz, Illustrated, paper 35

** V — Common Hvdroids, Corals and Echinoderms, by

Prof. A. Hyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

" VI — Mollusca; Oyster, Clam and other Common

Mollusks, by Prof. A. Hvatt, paper, 111 85

" VU— Worms and Crustacea, by Prof. A. Hyatt, Dlus

XII-

trated, paper 35

Common Minerals and Rocks, by Prof. W. O.

Crosby, paper 35

Any of above maded post paid on receipt of price.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Forester.

BY JAMES BllOWN, LL.D..

Inspector and Reporter! Woods and Forests, Ontario. A
Practical Treatise on the Planting, Rearing and General
Management of Forest Trees. 5th Edition, Enlarged and
Improved. Profuselv lUi.strated. Royal 8vo, % Roan, pp.
898. Price, SlO.fK). by'mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW THE FARM PAYS.

The Experiences of W years of tSuccess/ul Farming and
Gardening, by the authors

WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON,

Profusely Illustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
Price prepaid, by mail S2.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

G-.A. Ft D E: N I M- G-

YOUNG AND OLD.

The Cultivation of Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden

BY JOSEPH HARRIS, M. S.

Illustrated, 191 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
$1.25, maded, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO RAISE PRUIT"

By THOMAS GREGG.

A Hand-book of Kruit CuUure, being a Guide to the proper Cul-
tivation and Manag' ment ot Fruit Trees, and of tJrapes and small
Fruits. 184 pages, i2mo, cloth, (ully Hlustrated, Price, $1.00. Sent
by mail post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St ^ Phila.

Select [xtra-Iropical Plants.

Readily oligibb.' for industrial culture or naturalization,
with indications of their native countries, and some of
their uses, by Bnron Ferd. Von Mueller, K. C. M. G., M. D.,
Ph. D., F. R' S., <iovernmeut Botanist of Australia; Hon-
orary or Corresponding; Member of Scientific Societies and
Academies in Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco,
Chirago, Kingston, Mexico, Caracas, Buenos Ayres.

The question of tree culture is one to which the people of
this country must, before the lapse of many years, of neces-
sity give their attention. In Baron von Mueller's book the
trees and plants not indigenous to this country, but capable
of cultivation here, are given, with such description of them
and of the particular sections to which they are adapted^ as
makes it an indispensable work to those interested in im-
proving our native floral wealth. American edition, revised
and enlarged. 450 pages. Octavo. Cloth. Price, (fS.UO; mailed,
post-paid,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila._

lortliAiiericaiiSjlTa

5 vols., 15G colored plates, in 30 parts:

In parts, unbound 860 00

" Halt Turkey Morocco, antique gilt 70 CO

" Full " " " 75 OO

" Cloth, gilt top 85 00

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Art of Grafting and Budding

Bv CHARLES BALTET,
Appropriately and fully illustrated by 186 cuts, showing
methods, tools and appliances. Pp. 230, 12 mo. cloth, flexi-
ble. Price $1.25 mailed, postage free. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street Pliila.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW 8. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigfnous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 pages, tine cloth. Price SI. 50; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Hand-book of Useful Tables

For the Lvimbernian, Farmer and Mechanic, containing ac-
curate tables of logs reduced to inch board measure, plank,
scantling and timber measure ; wages and rent by week or
month ; capacity of granaries, bins and cisterns ; land
measures; interest tables, with direction for finding the
interest on any sum at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 per cent, and many
other useful tables. Revised and enlarged edition, 182 pp.,
25 cents. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price. Address
CHAS. H: MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDRE^ff S. FULLER.

Giving Description, History, Cultivation, Propagation, Dia-
eases. Ac.

Beautifully Illustrated.

276 paffea, 12mo, cloth. Price 81.50. Sent by mail, post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

IDP

A Treatise on Beautifying Homes, Rural Di.stricts, Towns
and Cemeteries. By Elias A. Long. 3S1 pages, 12 mo, cloth.
Illustrated. Sent by mail prepaid for $2.00. Address,

CHA.S. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

26

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FRUIT AND BREAD.

A Natural an<l Sclentlflc Diet.

BY GUSTAV SCHLICKEYSEN.

Translated from the (lerman by M. L. Holbrook, M. D. Intended
to show what is the natural food of man ; to lead him to become a
living child of nature; to simplify and beautify his manner of living;
to emancipate woman from trie drudgery of the kitchen; to lead to
increased use of fniit; to diminish the use of flesh, and where
possible, to do away with its use altogether ; to improve the health
and add to the enjoyments and value of life. Cloth, 250 pages; 13
mo, illustrated. Price, $1. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt o)
price. Address,

("HAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

INSECT LIVES ; or, Born in PrisDn,

BY JULIA P. BALLARD.

A practical book for the Children, tending to interest
them in Natural History tlirou;;h tliis attractive branch of
it. This book answers in a natural manner the (lueries :
How shall we interest rlublien V How shall we most inter-
est them ? How shall we hvst interest them. 97 pp., square
r2mo, cloth, nrofusely and handsomely illustrated. Price,
81.00, by mail, jiost-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

YOURPLANTS

liV JAMUS .SIIEEHAN.

PLAIN ami PRACTIOAI, DIRECTIONS for the TREAT-
MENT of TENDER and HARDY PLANTS in the

hoxtse: and garden.

12mo, paper, 7!) i);it;<'s. Price, mailed, post-paid, 40 cents.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Farm Implements and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE.

with explanations of the laws ol motion and orce as applied on the
farm, with over 300 ilUislrations by John J. Thomas; newand
revised edition, 312 pages, 12 mo, cloth, price$i.5o: mailed postage
free 00 receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila

The Orchids of New England,

A Popular Monoj^rapli, Hy ileiiry Baldwin.

Octavo, 157pat;es. (ili Illustiations.flne Kiif^lish elotli. Price
$2.50; mailed, iiost paid.

UIIAH. H. MAHOT, HII (nu'stnutSt., Phila.

THE BLESSED BEES.

BY JOHN ALLEN.

A record of a year's work in Bee-keeping by modorn methods
ItB profltB certain and large, and Its nleiisures Invaluable. la-
iended to diffuse a more general knowledge of Bee-culture.
169 pages, 12 rao. cloth, limp. Price. $1 Mailed postage free,
on receipt of prico. AddresB, rllAS. H. MAROT,

H14 ChoHlnutStreet. Philadelphia.

JOHNSON'S CYCLOPEDIA

4 vols, bound in }^ turkey in flrst-rato order at $10.00, bv
express at purchaser's {!oHt. This is a r.'ire tdiance. Speak
quickly. Jiiable to be sold at any moment. Address,

CHAS. H. MAllOT, 811 Cbi'Slnut St., I'hlla.

Jd

Siiiiplili<-s the art of Reckoninp;, and is worth itswoif^htin
t^olil tne very Farmer, MccliaiiiiaTid Business man, esjK.*oially
tli'isc not thoroughly versed iii h[rnres. Shows at a (ii.ANOK,
tin- <'oitHKCT answer to nearly lno,uiK) Imsiness examples in
all kinds of orain, Stock, Hay, Coal, Cotton. M.'r<liandiee,
INTEKES'I", Watj;i's, Measurcmentsof Luiidicf, Lot^s, Cisterns,
Tanks, (Jranaries, \\'ati;on Beds, Corn Crihs,( 'ordwood, Hay.
I^audH, Carpi'iitt-rs', I'lasterers', Bricklayers' work, etc. li
also TEACH Ks entirely nkw, EASY and PRACTICAL RULES
f<ir KAi'ii) iMisiiiessculiiilat ions, which even a child can com-
prehend. It is neatly printed and hound, and is a READY
and LIUHTNING Calculator, Memorandum. VEUPETUAL Cal-
endar and Pocket-hook r-onibined, all for the price of a com-
mon diary in similar bin<ling. 72 paj^es and (10 pages addition-
al of l)lank memorandum.

No. 1, Eng. Cloth, plain, with memorandum, 8 -60

No. 2, " with slate, pocket, flap and mem. .76

No. 3, Full Leather, " " " 1.00

No. 4, " Morocco, " " " 1-26

No. 5, " Russia, '* " " 1.50

No. 6, " RussiaCalf," " " 2.00

Nos 3, 4, 5 and 6 have renewable diaries. Nos. 5 and 6
are gilded. Sent post paid, on receipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ISssay on Roses.

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

l*aper, pp. 24. Illustrated. Price, 15 cents.

Mrs. Welh^ome writes with enthusiasm, and from a
thorough knowledge, and a considerable experience. All
lovers of roses and all amateur horticulturists will tlnd the
tittle monograph inteiesting and suggestive."— -Boaion
Journal.

Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES,

BV B. J, KENDALL, M.t).

With the real essential information relative to each disease. Will
save many times its cost. Gives cause, symptoms and best treat-
ment of ■^tsea.'ies. Table with the doses, effV^cts and antidotes of
principal medicines used, and a few pages on action and uses of
medicines. Rules for telling age of Horse and fine engraving show-

appearance of the teeth each year, A large collection of valu*
"^ inted on fine paper 7V
35 engravings. Price, 25 cents. Sent ty mail, post-paid, on receipt

mg
ahl.

e recipes. Printed on fine paper 7J^x5 inches; nearly 100 pages,
MAROT ftUChestrul Street. Phila.

of price. Address,

CHAS. H

Together with Complete Plans and Specifications. Over
100 Engravings of Designs and Plans of Cottages and
Country Houses, eosting from 8200 to 85,0(X). Hv S. K. Reed,
Architect, Author of " House Plans for Everybody.'* Cloth.
12 mo, mailed, post-paid, forS1.2o. .Vddress,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL HINTS

()u the selection and use of the

MICROSCOPE,

f ntendod for bcginnerB, by John Phin ,
Bdlior of the Am Journal of Microscopy. Kourth and en-
larged ediilon. Profusely Illustrated; 240 pp. I2bio, cloth.
Price. $1.00. Mailed. post-paid, on receipt of prie. Addreaa,
CHAS H. MAROT, 814 (Chestnut fit, Phlla^

EEUIT &EOWEE'S ERIEITD.

AN EASY GUIDK KOR THK

Raising ofFrultsfor Pleasure or Profit

BY R. H. HAINES.

Paper, 34 pp., 8vo. price 30 cents ; mailed post-paid on receipt
of price. Address,

CHAS. H, MAROT.

H14 Chestnut Street, Phila.

ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

The BEST METHODS EMPLOYED IB ENGLAND aei FRANCE.

BY JAMK.S BARNES AND \VM. UOHINSON.

With tr.iii«latlonH of Mr. LolKBuTs
anil particulars of the seven years rompetii
for Its Improvement. Illustrateil with wood cul«. New
odilion. 84 paces. 50 i^ents by mail on receipt of prico.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Ht., I'blla.

Essay on Asparagus,
inpctition Instituted

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

27

-BARKT'S-

Fruit Garden.

NEW EDITION,

KBVISED AND BKOUGHT DOWN TO DATE BY

P. BARRY.

Illustrated, pp. 516, fine cloth. Price, $2.60, mailed, pos^
age free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestiint Street, Philadelphia.

— DO WNING'S —

'S

NEIVT' £:DITI0N

NOW IN STOCK.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
Tree Dealers, Ac, for the United States. Aliihabetically
arranged by States and Post Offices. 3T2 pages, 8 vo. Price,
$10.06. Mailed post-paid. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT, SI 1 Chestnut St., Phlla.

Or, Tie Cnltnre, ProDiatlon, aM Manageient, In He
Gardei M Orctiarl of Frilt Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Descriptions of all the Finest Varie
ties of Fruit, Native and Foreign, cultivated in this Coun-
try; containing, also, A History of Insects Injuuious to
Fruit, and the best methods of destinyinj; them.

Mr. Charles Downing has been enga|J:i'il on this revision
from time to time, and has produced un(i^nestionably iftc
most complete Rejerence Book for the Cultivators of Pruit
ever issued.

Of Apples onlj' he has over -150 pa^es of varieties. New
and better drawings and engravings have also been made of
all the Fruit.

The complete work, including three Appendices, is
brought down to 1881, and forms one thick

8V0 VOLUME OF OVER 1,260 PAGES.
Price, handsomely hound in full cloth, - - - 85.00,

Recommendation from Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,
President of the American Pomological Society:

GetUlenien : — I have received a copy from Mr. C'lailes
Downing of the second revised edition of tiji- "h'RVTTS and
Fruit Trees of Amf.rica." Ir. is the most v-ou.prehen-
Bive of any similar work, in fa-^t A COMHi.ET E ENCY-
CLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN POMOLi )GV. brought down
to the present time. The original edition by his brother, the
late Andrew Jackson Downing, popular as "it ever has been,
is made doubly interesting and useful by this revision, com-
prising the results of a long life of critical observations.
As a work of reference it has no equal, and deserves a place
in the Library of every Pomologist in America. —Marsh all
P . Wilder.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

GARDENING FOR PROFIT.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the
MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

New and enlarged edition. Illustrated. 276 Pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price, 81-50. Sent by m:iil post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PMla.

THE PEACH;

lis Cite anfl Biseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Elx-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

afi'ected by the *• Yellows ** and other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, Sl.OO. Paper, 60 cents.

Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Cli€Stnut St., Phila.

HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowers in the Garden .ind the House; giving
directions, sAort. sharp ancfdfcisive how to overcome every insect
enemy that infects flowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors,
which troubles window Gardens ; which eats up the vegetables of
the garden ; which devours the fruit trees, shrubs and vines, and
lives in the homes of anxious, tired housekeepers. Paper. 100 pages.
Price, 30 cents, postage free.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

THE ROSE

By Edward Spragues Rand, Jr.

A treatise on Haidy and Tender bulbs and Tubers. 369 pages, lamo,

cloth. Price, 83.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt ot price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

FARM HOMES,

IN-DOORS AND OUT-DOORS.

By E. H. Leland.
Illustrated, 204 pages, cloth, price 81.50; mailed, post-paidon re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

A NEW BOOK. I

NOW READY, |

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
istics, etc., of the various groups of Hoses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally gro\vn.
BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo. cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, 81.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

Bv Pbtbk Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

for the Amateur and Professional Florist. Illustrated. 288 pages,
lamo, cloth. Price, Ji. 50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUTT. VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Greenhouse, Conservatory and 'Window-Garden.

Illustrat<Hl. 2.50 Pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $1.60. Sent by
mail post-paid od receipt of price.

yVddress CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

28

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

ICONOGRAPHY

-OF-

INDIAN AZALEAS,

Containing plates and descriptions of some of tlie best old
and new varieties,

BY AUGUST VAN GEERT.

With the assistance of the principal Horticulturists and
Amateurs, and translated by Th. Moore, Jr.

This splendidly illustrated work should be in the hands of
every practical gardener and lover of plants.

To nurserymen and florists it is a valuable vade mecum to
resort to. The jilates will prove most useful iu the office
and will no doubt help and increase the sale of this popular
class of plants.

The amateur will find it an interesting book to consult for
the formation of his collection. Besides it is a splendid
volume for the library or drawing room.

Quarto, thirty-six splendid colored plates and 81 pp. text.
Price t7.50, mailed post free. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, SU Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

BACK VOLUMES

OF THE
J

Can still be had in numbers, per year - - - - ^2 05

Bound in neat cloth cases, including numbers, • - - 2 70

"% Roan, " " - - - 300

Cloth c-ases alone, mailed for --.---•60

Delivered postage /ree.
Or mail us your own numbers, and have them bound in cloth cases
for 90 cents. Returned to you bound, postage free.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia,

HOW TO HUNT AND TRAP.

By |. B. Batty, Hunter and Taxidermist.

Coniaining full instructions for hunting the Buffalo, Elk, Moose-
Deer, Antelope, Bear, Fox, Jrouse, Quail, tieese, Ducks, Wood*
cock. Snipe, etc., etc. Also, the localities where game abounds-
In trapping, tells you all about steel traps; how to make home-
made traps, and how to irap the Bear, Wolf, Wolverine, Fox, Lynx,
Badger, Otter, Beaver, Fisher, Martin, Mink, etc., Birds of Prey
poisoning carnivorous animals, with full directions for preparing
pelts for market, etc. Fully illustrated. 223 pages. i2mo cloth.
Price £1.50. Sent post-paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HAl-BOOK OF PLAITS,

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A conclBe, yet comprehensive Dictionary of Plants*
Asa book oI'refereu**e it will take the place for all practical
purposes, of the expensive and voluminous European
works of this kind. Has been written with special view to
the wantB of the climate of the United States, both in
matters of propagation and culture. lustrucliouB for cul-
ture of many important plants, such as the Kose. have been
given at length. Scope of work embraces botanical name,
derivation, Linnfean and natural orders 01 all leading
genera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
time. All Important species and varieties with brief in-
structions for propagation and culture A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or common
names. Arrau^f-ment ot book is alphabetical, and any
plan! Clin he quickly referred to uudpi scientiilc or com-
mon name. Index is added where important plants or
moileit (if culture can he referred to at once. Also compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical terms, with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fine
paper, handsomely bound in cloth. Sent by mail, postage paid,
on receiptof price, 83.00. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

Orchid Grower's Manual

BY BBNJ. F. WILLIAMS, F. R, H. S.

Containing descriptions of 930 Species and Varieties ol
Orchidaceous Plants with notices oftimes of flowering,
approved modes of treatment and practical instructions on general
culture. Remarks on heat, moisture, soil, seasons of growth and
rest suited to the several species.

FIFTH EDITION ENLARGED WITH COLORED FRONTISPIECE,

and numerous beautiful illustrations, 336 PACES l2mO
CLOTH. Price. $3.50. Sent by mail, postage free, on re-
ceipt of price.

Address. C. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

AMATEUR'S ROSE BOOK.

By Shirley Hibberd.

CompriBing the cultivation of the Rose iu the open ground
and under glass; the formation of the Rosarium; the charac-
ters of Wild and Garden Roses ; the pre[.aration of the flowers
for exhibition ; the raising of new ffarieties ; and the work of
the Rose Garden in every season of the year. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages cloth, 12mo.
Price $3.00. Sent by mail postpaid ou receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Che8tnutSt.,Phlla.

IVIe[ncl('s Strawberry Culturist

(OUT OF ritlNT. )

A few more copies left at 50 cents. Mailed, post paid on
receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H ClicstnutSt., Phila.

Chiefly such as are Caused by Fungi, by Washington Q.
Smith, F.L.S., M.A.I. Member of the Scientific Commit-
tee of the Royal Horticultural Society. 143 Illustrations
drawn and engraved by the author. 16 mo, 353 pages, cloth,
price 81.50, by mail post-paid. Address,

CH.\S. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

MiiMflfHi

BY. K. WAIUSOTON, F. C. S.

A most valuable Work, which should be in the Hands of
farmers, Garileners and Tillers of the soil generally. It
presents the relations of Chemistry to Agriculture in amos.
popular manner. 12mo, cloth. Price, post-paid, 81.00.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila,

ROSE GARD&iN.

BY VVM. PAUL.

ARHANGBI> IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a succps^ful cultiv.ition of this popular flower.

Division 2.— Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Rnscs recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture,

lUustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates ot various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy p.ipcr and handsome
type Price, «7 00, mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philad'a

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

29

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3°

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

The Supar Beet. i WATERMAN'S "IDEAL"

Including a History of the Beet Root Sugar Industry of
Europe. Varieties of the Sugar Beet, Examination,
Soils, Tillage, Seeds and Sowing, Yield and Cost of
Cultivation, Harvesting, Transportation, Con- i

servation. Feeding Qualities of the Beet ,

and of the Pulp, Etc., Etc , Etc. '

BY LKWIS S. WARE, C.E., M.E.,

Fellow of L'Ecole des Arts, Agriculture et Manufactures,
Paris; member of American Chemical Society. In one
volume, octavo ; illustrated by 90 engravings. Price, S4.00
by mail, postage free. Address,

CHA.S. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAIi LESSONS IN

Architectural Drawing ;

Or, HOW TO MAKE THE WORKING DRAWINGS AND WRITE

SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDINGS.

BY WILLIAM B. TUTHILL, A.M., Akchiteot.

Illustrated by Xi full page plates (one in colors) and 33
wood cuts, showing Methods of Conslructlon and Representa-
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kinds of buildings. Oblong quarto cloth. Price, $2.50, by
mail, post free. Address,

CHA8. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnnt St. Phlla.

BEET ROOT SUGAR

AND CD1.TIVAT10N OF THE BEET.

BY B. B. GRANT.

Including the Sugar supply of the U. S., History of Beet Root
Sugar, Supply of Beets, Cultivation, Cost of Beet Root Sagarin
France, Production in various Countries, Advantages, Method of
Raising, Harvesting, Preservation of Beets, Seed, Manures, Ro-
tation of Crops, Beet Pulp, Leaves of Beets, Profits, etc. i6 mo.,
cloth pp. 153 Price, |i. 25. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price! Address, CHAS.H. MAROT, „,.,,,,.. „

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa

HINTS FOR PAINTERS,

Decorators and Paper-Hangers.

being a selection of useful rules, data, memoranda, methods
and suggestions of house, ship and furniture painting, paper-
hangiiig, gilding, color mixing, and other matters useful and
instructive to painters and decorators. Prepared with
special reference to the wants of Amateurs,

BY AN OLD HAND.
60 pages paper, mailed post paid for 25c. on receipt of price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

M Faming at the South

A Guide to the Raising ot Vegetables for Northern Markets.

i)Y DK. A. OEMLEK,

Prest. of Chatham Co., Georgia, Fruit and Vegetable
Growers Association. Illustrated. 12 mo., cloth, pp. 270.
Price 81.50. Mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HAVE YOU YET SECURED A

PHOTOGRAPH

OF THE

ORIGINIIL imi ?m TREE?

160 TO SOD VEARS OLD AND STILL, STANDINOI

Send for one and have something more than a mere tra-
dition. They are mounted on card board, 8x 10 inches, and
will be securely mailed for 50 cents. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

FOUNTAIN PEN,

The flow of ink is regulated automatically by
the act of writing, and is as free as from a freshly
dipped pen and much more even. Recorda and
letters written with this pen have a uniform color
of inli on every page.

It is the simplest, cleanest, readiest and most
easily managed of all the fountain pens.

There are no air-valves or other machinery, and
I'oiisequently nothing to get out of order or to be
:ul)nsr('d or regulated.

Wht-n the cap is removed it is ready to write,
;inil when tlie writing is done the cap can be re-
lilaii'il and the pen is ready for the pocket.

It writes, according to the size of the holder,
fioui 10 to 25 hours continuously, with one filling;
and any desired kind, color or quality of ink can
be used.

It uses gold or steel pens of the ordinary forms,
and your favorite pen can be fitted.

The pens in the holders are always wet with
ink, and steel pens are continually rusting or cor-
roding and soon spoil and need to be renewed
whether they have been used or not; and they
always cause more or less decomposition of the
ink. A gold pen never rusts nor does it corrode
the ink. It is always the same favorite pen every
day in the year.

The hard rubber being incorrodible, with a gold
pen there is nothing that can be injured by the
ink, and unless unnecessarUy injured they will
last a lifetime. They can be filled and left for
months without being used, and when opened the
ink will flow as readily as if just filled.

We have holders for gold pens of numbers 3 to
8 inclusive, antl for the common steel pen : also,
an assortment fitted with gold pens ready for use.
PRICES OF HOLDERS WITH GOLD PENS
No. 1— The "Ladies'" size is the smallest, and ia

4% inches long and 5-16 of an inch in diameter.

It takes a No. 3 or 4 gold pen. Price, $3.50.
No. 2— The ''Gentlemen's" size is 5 inches long

and % of an inch in diameter. It takes a No.

4 or 5 ^old pen. It is the most popular and

convenient pocket size. Price, according to

pen, S3.50 or 84.00.
No. 3— The "Medium" size is 4J^ inches long and

7-16 of an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 6

or Tgold pen. Price, $5.00.
No. 4 — The "Long" size is 6V^ inches long and

7-16 of an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 6

or 7 gold pen. Price, $5.50.

No. 5— The "Large " size is 4>< inches long and }4

" - - . gj^j

pen. PricCj $*3.00.

an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 7 or 8 gold

No. (J— The "Mammoth" size is 6% inches long and J^an
inch in diameter. It takes a No. 7 or 8 gold pen. Price,
86.50.

Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are long tapering "Desk" holders of
same sizes and prices as Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5 respectively.

PRICES OF HOLDERS WITHOUT PENS.

Nos. land 7 S2 25

Nos. 2 and 8 2 60

Nos. 3 and 9 2 75

Nos. 4 and 10 3 00

No. 5 3 25

No. 6 3 60

The length given is with the pen ready for the pocket ;
with the cap on top of holder it is from 1 to 2 inches longer.

The prices given are for well-finished 14 carat gold pens
of the smallest size suited to the holder ; 16 carat gold pens,
nr pens of the larger sizes, cost from 50 cents to $1.00 more.
The 16 carat pens are of extra finish as well as quality and
are well worth the difference in price. The gold-mounted
holders cost from 50 cents to $1.00 more, according to style.

Silk and Plush lined morocco-covered cases for Nos. 1
and 2 are furnished for 5(1 cents extra.

In ordering holders it is better to send a sample steel pen
or the gold pen to be fitted.

In ordering holders with gold pens complete and ready
for use, send a sample of writing and a description of the
quality of pen <lesired ; that is, whether the pen should be
a long or short nib, of coarse or fine point and of hard or
soft flexibility.

A rcrtirtcate may bo had with each pen, which warrants

the gulii ptMis and holders for five (5) years, and gnaranteos

both (•oinl>ined .as a fountain pen, to give satisfaction on

tliirty (hiys' trial or the money will be returned. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

THE HORITCULTURAL ADVERTISER.

31

«B- IF YOT^ WANT TO BUY A "SO

FARM OR COUNTRY SEAT

ill the mild ami delightful climate of

MARYLAND OR THE SOUTH

witeto J. L. HANNA,

mli4

75 W. FAYETTE ST., BALTIMORE, MD.

G^COLORADO^^

AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.

Its Farms, Fields and Garden Lands.

BY WM. E. PABOK.

Illustrated, 213 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
$1.50, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

PRACTICAL AZALEA CULTURE.

A TREATISE on the PROPAGATION and CULTURE

OP THE

AZALEA INDICA,

BY ROBERT J. HALLIDAY.
Illustrated, 110 pages, 12mo, cloth, price, ;$2.00. Mailed, post
paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Fhila.

HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa Gray, M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structural Botanjr^ with a Popular
Flora, or an arrangement and description of Common Plants,
both wild and cultiTated. Illustrated with 600 wood engravings.
233 pages, large 16mo, half-arabesque, paper sides. Price 81 25.
Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

TALKS ABOUT FLOWERS.

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

**The author chats of flowers in a very entertaining and
instructive manner. Many valuable hints are given to
amateurs respecting the sowing of seeds, rooting of cuttings,
window gardening, insects on plants, etc., etc." — Concora
Monitor.

Pp 162 ; octavo, cloth, SI. 00 ; paper, gilt, 60 cts. mailed, post-
paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

By Geo. W. Johnson, Exiitor of " Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
ilieir cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, i-ncludiiig the
new plants and varieties. 1026 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
J.i.Oo. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

KEEPING ONE COW.

Being the experience of a number of practical writers, in a clear
and condensed form, upon the

Management of a. Single Milch Cow.
Illustrated, 132 pages, cloth. Price, $1.00, mailed, post-paid, on
cceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPHOVEMBNT.

BY WM. ROBINSON.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, 75 cents.
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price*

CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Cheftinat St., Phlla.

SITDATIONS WANTED.

Advertisements under this head must be paid for in advance, witn
the order, at rate of $i.oo for each 36 words per insertion.

BY a first-class florist and gardener, competent in every
respect as foreman or head gardener. Commercial pre-
ferred. Many years experience. Address, Florist, box 121,
Glenville, Ohio.

GARDKNEK head, landscape gardener or park manager ;
Ist-class experience and ability ; from Europe ; thorough
knowledge of every department. Can give superior refer-
ences in London and N. Y. G. 339 SecondSt , Harrison, N. J.
BY a young German, as gardener in a private or commer-
cial establishment. Age 24, single. Ist-class, understands
Greenhouses, Fruits, B'lowers and Vegetables. Highly
recommended. Ferdinand Weibe, New Rochelle, N. Y.

AS gardener, by a German, married, 2 children. Under-
stands his business thoroughly. Graperies, Fruit, Green-
house and Vegetaldes. First-class references. Address, Chas.
Noll, care H. O. Ashmead, 627 DeKalb Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

BY a competent gardener, single ; commercial or private
place. Best of references West preferred. Address,
C. A. H., care Win. Sutherland, 21st below Green, Phila , Pa.

AS cardener ; Scotch, middle age, married, no incumbrance.
Is thorough practical in all branches and well recom-
mended bv last employer. J. H., care A. D. Cowan, Seeds-
man, 114 Chambers St., N. Y.

BY a single man, as head gardener or foreman in a com-
mercial place ; 17 years experience in propagating and
growing roses and florist's stock. First-class city references.
Sober and reliable. Address, Florist, Dover, Mass.

Y a young man. Good knowledge of propagating. Rose
growing, &c. N. Thurn. 485 Larrahee St., Chicago, Ills.

B

WANTED

WANTED! Practical florist. Temperate, reliable. One who

can grow profitably plants and out flowers for retail trade.
Thorough knowledge of roses, &e. Address, stating wages, &c.
GROVE P. RAWSON, 107-9 W. Market St., Elmira, N. Y.

A good working florist. Also
a young man with some ex-
perience to work under in-
structions. Address,
H. RUSHMORE & SON, Denver. Col.,
With wages wanted.

lAI A |JTpn Situation by gardener and florist; extensive
""■■ I tli experience as private gardener and commer-
cial florist; thoroughly posted in growing and management.
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Roses, hot and cold Graperies.
Ist-class propagator, salesmen and general management of
Ist-cIass establishment. Good reference to character, ability,
&c. Scotchman, married; no children; age 36. Address,
LITTLE, care P. Henderson. 35 Cortlandt St.. N. Y.

m m

A paying greenhouse business. Best Loca-
tion in the West. Address,

W. S. SAWYER & CO.,
stf lilncoln. Neb.

PLIINT LIFE ON THE FARM

By Maxwell T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S. Plant nutrition;
The Worlt and the Materials ; The Machinery ; Growth,
Sensitiveness ; Development ; Multiplication ; The Battle of
Life ; Practical Inferences ; Decay and Death. 12 mo, cloth,
132 pages. Mailed, post-paid, $1.00.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

ALPINE FLOWERS for ENGLISH GARDENS

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.

An explanation of the principles on which the Exquisite Flora ol
Alpine countrias may be grown to perfection in all Parts of th«
British Islands, with numerous Illustrations, of Rock Gardens
Natural and Artificial. 70 Illustrations, 440 pages, crown 8vo, cloth!

Price, I4.50. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila

GARDENING BY MYSELF.

By Anna Warner.

Containing Hints and Eiperiences under heading of each
month in the year. Illiistrated. 16mo, 223 pages, cloth. Price
$1.25. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS H. MAROT,

8U Chestnut St , Phda.

32

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Index to Advertisements.

bend orders early as possible. CVianffCS ot copy must be in
by J6'(7i JS'ew orders received alter 22il of month cannot be i?i-
suredinserti<m in next issue. Fly-lea/ copy {neiv or chanqes)
must be in by IGlh. For Advertising Rates see 2d cover page.

Altorter Gerold, West Cliester, Pa ■^r;-: '2

BavlesS. M., St. Louis, Mo Fly-leaf page 2

Benz Albert, Uouglastou, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Blanc A., Philadelpbia ■■ 18

Bloomingtou Nui-seiy Co., Blooramgton, Ills 17

Boeluner Ijouis, Yokohama, Japan 18

Brinton W. P., Christiana, Pa 1"

Buist, Jr., Robert, Philadelpbia IJ

Burrow J. G., Fisbkill, N. Y 32

Butz Paul &Sons, Newcastle, Pa 21)

Butterton .1., Hammonton, N. J 20

Campbell Geo. W.. Delaware, O 14

Carmody J. D., Evansville, Ind 12

Coles Walter, CUiymorit, Del 14

Collins J. S., Moorestown,N. J 32

Cowan A. D. & Co., New Y'ork 15

Cowen N. & S.m, New York 32

Crosscup& West Eng. Co., Philadelphia

Dayhoit J. W., Hagerstown, Md 14

De Veer J. A., New York. . . .Fly-leaf page 1, 4th cover page

De Witt Bros., Bristol, Pa IS

Dillon J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa 23

Dingee AConardCo., West Grove, Pa 1

Dougla.s R. & Sons, Waukegan, Ills ....;... 17

Dreer Henry A., Philadelphia 17, 18

Eastern Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia .14

Elliott Ben.i. A., Pittsburgh. Pa ti

Ellwanuier iS Barry, Rochester, N. Y 24

Engle & Bro., Marietta, Pa 21

Evans Chas. K., Philadelphia, Pa -•■13

Excelsior Publishing Hou.se, New York IS

Exeter Machine Works, Boston, Mass 4th cover page

Farquhar A. B., Y'ork, Pa 14

Fergusson David & Sons. Philadelphia 21

Ferry D. M. & Co., Detroit, Mich 14

Foster P. H., Babylon, N. Y 23

Green's Nursery, Rochester, N. Y 11

Gregory James J. H., Marblehead, Mass 22

Hahnian F., Philadelphia, Pa 20

Hale Brothers, South Glastonbury, Conn 11

Hallock V. H., Son & Thorpe, Queens, N. \' 16

HanceA Borden, Red Bank, N. J 19

Hanna J. L., Baltimore, Md , 31

Hench & Dnimgold, York, Pa 17

Henderson Peter & Co., New York 3

Hitchings & Co., New Y'ork S

HoniorCh;vs. B., Mt, Holly, N.J 18

Jenkins J., Winona, Ohio 11

Klft Joseph, West Chester, Pa 1"

Landreth D. <fe Sons, Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

Lang A. M., Cove Dale, Ky IS

Marschuetz & Bacharach, Philadelphia 1"

McAllister F. E., New York • :«

Meehan Thomas, Germantown, Phila .13, l(i

Moore .John B. & Son, Concord, Mass !■>

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass U

Myers' p'loral Establishment, Altoona, Pa 20

Niagara White Grape Co., Lockport, N. Y 14

Parry Wm.,Iarry P. O., N. J IS

Parsons R. B. & Co., Flushing, N. Y 4th cover p.ige

Parsons & Sons Co. Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Power Chas. J., South Framingbam, Mass 11

Pratt Bros., Rochester, N. Y -.20

Baoux C, New York o, 17

Rawson Grove P., Elmira, N. Y 31

Reineman A. R. & Bro., Pittsburg, Pa 19

Ribsam C. & Son, Trenton, N. J 10

Rfilker August & Sons, New York 3, 8

Rushmore H. & Son, licnvor, Col 31

Sailer Isaac D., Philadelphia 8

Saul John, Washington, D. C 18,20, 24

Sawyer W. .S. & Co., Lincoln, Neb 31

SchultheisBros., New York 14

Seal Thomas F., Unionville, Chester Co., Pa 11

Shore James, (iermantown, Phila U

.Siebert Chas. T., Pittslmrg, Pa 11

Smith David, Boston, ,M;iss 7

Smith George. .M;in.|ic-Nt( i, Vt 1''

Smith Wra. H., Pbiludi-lphia 18

Staples Delos, West Sebcwa, O 17

Stewart Wm. J., Philadelphia and Boston 11

Stillwell Chas. R., Gravesend, L. 1., N. Y II

Storrs it Harrison Co., Painesville, O 12

Straiten A Storm, New York 18

Studer Nicholas, Washington, D. C 15

Swain R. A., Philadelphia •■• "

Swayne Wm., Keiiiiett Square, Pa 1", 21

Taber W. B. & W. M., Detroit, Mich 19

Thomson, Jr., Spartanburg, S. C 19

Thorbum J. M. &Co., New York Fly-leaf page 1

True & Co., Augusta, Maine 14

Van Geert A., Ghent, Belgium 1^

Vanliorne, Griifen A Co.. New York 3d cover page

Vaughan J. C, Chicago, 111 Fly-leaf page 2

Vick James, Rochester, N. Y FljMeaf page 2

Waterer H., Philadelphia 16

Weathered Thomas W., New Y'ork 10

Welch Bros.. Boston, Mass 11

Williams B. S., Upper HoUowav London, N., Eng 15

Woodl. C. A Bro., Fishkill, N. Y 17

Young Thomas, Jr.. New York 11

Zirngiebel Denys, Needham, Mass 16

For Situations Wanted, see page 31.

Flower Seefls in Paclets.

350 PACKETS IN A NEAT BOX FOR Sl.OO.

Cowen JN. Ason,i>ew lorK............. o^ j j ^^ offering to the trade in lots of not less than 5 of a

Crosscup A West Eng. Co., P^hijadelphia l.j ^.^^^^ Pl^^^^^ 5^^^ 5 ^^^^ ^ pg„(s g^j.^g ^j jj gQ per loo ; 10 and

1,5 cents Sorts at $4.00 per 100. In neat Packets with Z)esCTnj>-
tion. How to Plant, and blank space for your Business Card
on the back. Send for Catalor/ue and Sample. We claim
this is cheaper than you can buy good Seed and Bags, saving
you Labor and valuable Time. Our seeds are Presh and
Reliable, and put up with great care.

F. E. McAllister,

SEED MERCHANT,

29 and 31 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK.

1,999,999

Stratvberries, Raspberries,

Currants, Grapes,

including the Older testeil and New Varieties,

NIAGARA.
aul2

MAY KING, MARLBORO, EARUY CLUSTER. FAY,
Peach and other Fruit Trees.

COMET, KIEFFER, LE 60NTE,
&c., &c.

.SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

JOHN I COLLINS

MOOKESTOWN. N. J.

NEW GRAPES 8< OLD ™AN ILLUSTIWED

A SPECiALItY *

J.C.BURROW. FISH.KILL N.Y

fS

THE WILD GARDEN;

Or, Onr Groves and Shrubberies made Beautiful by tUe
Naturalization of Hardy Exotic Plants.

By W. ROBINSON, F. L. S.
With Frontispiece. 236 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, >a.»5.
Mailed postage free, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,8i4ChestnutSt., Phila.

■ ESTIMATES

'•xs TvNvo /,ocg

V;BEF0RE buying GLASS

t 'saaa-iOH 'sasnoH-ioii 'saras jvhq •<'
s 'saiaoiVAaasnoo 'sasnoimaa^o s

For GREENHOUSES, GRAPERIES, CONSERVATORIES,
HOT HOUSES AND HOT BEDS.

VANHORNE, GRIFFEN & CO.,

IMPORTERS OF FRENCH WINDOW GLASS. ALSO AMERICAN WINDOW GLASS, u.u

131. 133, 135 &. 137 Franklin St., New York City.

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS. FERNS OF KENTUCKY,

By a. S. Packard, Jb., M.D.
Also a Treatise on those Injukious and Bkneficial to
Crops. For the use of Colleges, Fanns, Schools and Agrl-
cnltnrists. Illustrated with 11 plates, and 650 wood-cuts.
702 pages, 8vo, cloth. Price, $6,00. Sent by mail post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

UHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

URAINA6E FOR HEALTH,

OR

Easy Lessons In Sanitary Science.

By JOSEPH WILSON . M.D.. Medical Director U. S. N.
pages, octavo. Copiously illustrated. Price f i.oOj mailed,
CD receipt of price. Address,

CHAS B MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

CRANBERRY CULTURE.

BY JOSEPH J. WHITR

Embodying in plain and concise manner all the useful and

Bractical facts which study and experience have yielded to
16 inquiring Cranberry grower of the present time. 126
pages, 12 mo, cloth. Illustrated. Price, post-paid tl.25.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

A MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BY ISAAC P. TILUNQHABT.

Containing the experiences ol the author in starting all those
kinds of v^etab'es wnich are most difficult for a novice to produce
from seed; with the best methods known for combating and repell-
ing noxious insects and preventing the diseases to which garden
T^etables are subject. 102 pages, i6mo, cloth, price, fz.oo,
Muled, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BY JOHN WILLIAMSON.

With 60 full page etchings, and 6 wood cuts drawn by the
Author. Illustrating Structure, Fertilization, Classification, Generft
and Species. 154 pp., cloih. Price, ^2.00. Mailed postpaid oa
receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

HOW TO READ

AND HINTS IN CHOOSING THE BEST BOOKS.

With a classified list of work of Biography, History, Criticism.
Fine Arts, Fiction, Poetry, Religion, Science, Language, etc. By
Amelie V Petit. Pp. 220. i2mo, cloth. Price, |i.oo. By mail,
post-paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., PhOa.

WORKING MAN'S WAY TO WEALTH.

By Edmund Wrigley.

A pr-*ctical treatise on Building^ Associatums, what they are, and
kowto use them, 108 pages, i6mo, cloth. Price, 75 cents. Sent
by mail post-paid on receipt ot* price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

By Chas. Darwin.

With copious descriptive contenta and index. Illuatrated.
462 pages, f2mo,clolh. Price $7.00.
Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

8H Chestnut St.. Phila.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND HORTICULTURIST

For 1885-

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE,

S2.00 PER YEAR.

®llH<Qll^llllIllEillS *"■* requested to send at least one NKW name with their own, if possioi..
amiP JUanilTOlEifl'a For this attention, we will furnish THE TWO at $3.00 for the year.

TWO NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS at S3.00. FIVE at S7.00.

R«mlt by Money Order or Registered Lkttkk ; or if you send Draft or Check, make payable on middlx
States, New Englaud or Maryimjjd. On Banks west and south of those points add twenty-live cents to each
CHSCK, to refund cost charged us for collection. Currency is at risk of sender.

RESPONSIBLE AGENTS will be allowed a liberal commission, retainable out of subscriptions forwarded.
Send for net rates. Sample copy 18c., postage stamps. We do not hold ourselves responsible for the acts ot Bogus AgenU.

SUBSCRIBERS STDST CKOOSE THEIK AGENTS AT THEIR OWN BISK.

Any Snbacriber who has already renewed his subscription and paid $2.00 may order a new subscriber at the rate ot
18.00 the two, by remitting the additional $1.00 to balance, and oblige, with thanks for past favors and efforts.

All subscribers, at whatever rate, are invited to take advantage of our list of CLUB PAPERS. See advertisement.

QAMDI C OnOirC Or Extra copies of any issue of the Gart>en-ers' Monthly should be ordered as early
OMmrLb uUnCO as possible, as a MMITED EDITION ONLY IS ISSUED over and above the quantity
required for regular subscription list. Price, 18 cents each, or Five for 60 cents, Cash with the Order.

If larger quantities are wanted of any coming issue, order should be in hand by 16th of previous month, so that we
•an provide and insure the supply. After issue a few single copies can be had if ordered quickly during the uouth
When editions are exhausted, the series is broken, as we do not reprint.

CHAS. H. MABOT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

THE EXETER

HEATIiUPPARATyS,

GREENHOUSE HEATING
A SPECIALTY.

Our systems comprise Hot Water
Heating, Steam Heating, and the
combination of Steam and Water.

OVER 1000 BOILEftS IN USE.

Exeter lacbine f orh

19 Federal St., Bostoa, M Eieter, N. H.

We solicit correspondence from
any party contemplating a change
in their apparatus. ■ It 12

ROMAN HYACINTHS,

Paper White Narcissus,

Immortelles, &c.,

To the Trade Only.

L^ BREMOND FILS,

OLLIOULES (VAB.) FRANCE

GROWER AND EXPORTER.

Apply for Catalogue and particulars to the General Agent for U. S. A.,

ap2 J. A. DE VEER, 318 Broadway, New York.

Fr&cti:alTasfa;aiiik6lIe:orati^^^

Together with General Inlormation for Sportsmen.

By JOSEPH H. BATTY,

Taxidermist for Ihe Hiyden Expedition and other Governmen'
Surveys, and many of the leading Colleges and Museums of Chr
United States. Author of *' How to Hunt and Trap," etc 185
Illustrations, tamo, cloth. Price, $i so. Mailed, post-paid, oo
receipt ol price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT SuChestnutSt. Philm

Red Flowering Dogwood

AND OTHER NOVELTIES.
Kissena I^Jurscries.

Trees and Plants.
Parsons&SonsCo.,

Flushing, N. Y.

ftf

R. B. Parsons & Co,

Nurseries, Flushing, N. Y.

Trees and Shrubs.

For Catalogues, address P. O. Uox 603, Flnsllllis, IS. T.

BY JAMES VEITCH.

Embracmg: Pari T—Genernl Review of Ihr. Order.

Part JI.—Svi'omLi of (lencrn, S/t'Cies ami Varictia.

J'nrl III.— the J'l-mting o,r Coni/erw.

Tills work liaercceivcil the high enuoniunmof the English
ami Krench Horticultural papem, and the Oai(Iiknkiu>'
.Monthly, as being trustworthy, practical, .ittractive.Bclen-
tiflc, and Indispensable to tlioae liaving an Intelligent inter«»t
■n ('oniferouB trees. No Horticultural Library Is complete
without it.

With numerous wood-cut plates and letter press lllustra-
tiouH. 3IU pp., 8vo, neatlT bound In clotb. Price, $3.00,
mailed, postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent for U.S., 814 Chestnut St., PhU*.

[Entered at the Post Office, at Philadelphia, Pa., as second-class matter. J

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

It la published on the first of every month at the. office, No. 814 CHESTNUT STREET,
PHIIjADELPHIA, where all BUSINESS relating to subscription or advertising should be addressed.

5^" Communications, Copy and Packages for the Editor should be addressed to THOMAS
MEEHAN, GBEMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, POSTAGE PAID, $2.00.

Subscriptions discontinued only on notice to that effect.

ADVERTISING RATES IN THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY:

% coL % coL \i coL % coL yi col. 1 col. 1 page,

or or or or or or or

12 lines. 16 lines. 24 lines. 32 lines. 48 lines. 9G lines. 192 lines.

Dne Insertion 83.00 S4.00 «6.S0 87.00 SIO.OO 818.00 83S.00

l^o times, each 2.90 3.90 5.00 6.80 0.00 17.00 33.0O

Three •' '• 2.80 3.75 4.75 0.56 8.50 15.50 3O.00

Four " " 2.70 3.60 4.50 6.30 8.10 14.40 87.0

Five •• " .-. 2.65 3.40 4.25 6.95 7.65 13.60 26.5

Six " " 2.35 3.15 3.93 5.50 J.05 12.46 23.60

Seven " " 2.20 2.95 3.65 6.16 6.60 11.75 22.00

Eight " " 2.05 2.75 3.46 4.80 6.15 10.95 20.50

Nine " " I.90 2.46 3.20 4.46 5.70 10.15 18.85

Ten " " 1.76 2.30 2.86 4.05 6.25 9.30 17.46

Eleven " " l.«0 2.15 2.65 3.76 4.80 8.65 16.16

Twelve <• " 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.50 4.50 8.0O 16.0O

Twelve lines nonpareil is 14 col. A less space tlian }i col. will be furnlslied at same rate per line as % col.
For space on FLY-LKAK and COVEIl PAUEs!,aJso FIRST PAUE advertisements facing last reading page, 20 per
•ttit. advance on above rates will be charged.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

CONTENTS OF THE MAY NUMBER.

SEASONABLE HINTS :

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.
Fruit and Vegetable Gardening

COMMUNICATIONS :

Canna Ebemanni

The Clematis

Geraniums

Notes on Some New or Rare Plants

Glazing

The Good Economy of Gas Tar

Floral Notes from Nevv Orleans

Encourage Window Gardening

To Make Hanging BaslcPts

CoalTar on Hot- Water Pipes

Diminished Crops Through Injury to Foliagp

One Hundred aud Twenty Bushels of Apples from

One Tree

Notes from Zanesville

Empire State Grape

The Insect Problem

Old and I,arge Trees

Nigella Damascena

Peach Diseases

The Oerivation of Persimmon

Mechanics Interference with Gardeners

The Name Persimmon

A Knowledge of Horticulture

Ku^h'light Candles

Horticulture at the New Orleans Exposition

Massachusetts Horticultural Society

Floral Notes from the New Orleans Exhibition

Spring Show of the Massachusetts Horticultural

Society

Cactaceaj and Agave at the World's Exposition

EDITORIAL NOTES :

129

la

130
1:M
13i
1:J6
137
137
l:i,S

im

131
Mil
U3

143
U3
141
111
115
117
H7
151
151
152
152
153
15i
156
157

158
159

New Styles of Chrysanthemums— Platycodon
granditlorum — Fringed Petunias — Hyacinlhus
candicans — Improvetl Asters— Improvement of

the Wall-Flower— Another Upright Poplar 133-131

Platycerium grande— Another Rose coming to

America 139-140

Cold Water to Kill Insects— The Japan Plum—
The Niagara White Grape— The Comet Pear-

Early Canada Peach— A First-class Pea— Ameri-
can HUckberries in England 144-14&

A Live Wooden Fence — Forest Commission in

California— Wood of the Butiemnt Tree 146

Hybrid Potatoes— Herbarium of Mr. Howard
Shiiver, Wythevdie, Va.— Solanum Lemmonii—

Aiithurium splendidum 14S

Col N. J. Colman — Mr. James Morton — Parker
Earle— Ur. Regel— '1 he Home Florist— Vine Cul-
ture in California— The Horticultural Directory
of the United Slates— Manual ol Agriculture for
the School, Ihe Farm and the Fireside— Index
Medicus— The Summit Co. (Ohio) Horticultural
Society Reports for the Last Sixteen Months-
Report of the U. K. Department of Agriculture
f<u' 1881- Chautauqua IJterary Society — The
Canadian Horticulturist— The American Seeds-
man—Woods and Forests 153-154

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society 159-ie»

SCRAPS AND QUERIES :

Lily Disease— Cedar of Lebanon in Virginia— A

Double Lilium speciosum 134

Tendency of Sunset Rose to make Blind Shoots
—Yellow Double Oxalis— The Bridal Rose, Black-
berry 140-141

Japan Quince lor Preserves 145

The J.ala(> Root— Individuality in Plants— Imme-
diate Etlect of Pollen— Pinus Banksiana not in
Colorado— Geography of Cactaceous Plants— Im-
mediate Influence of Pollen on Fruit 148-151

Kind Words fnun a Subscriber — Sericographis
Ghiesbrcchtiana— Plural Names— Wants to Know 151-155

FLOWER GARDEN 4 PLEASURE GROUND. 129-134

GREENHOUSE AND HOUSE GARDENING 134-141

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDENING 141-145

FORESTRY 145-148

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE 147-151

LITERATURE, TRAVELS A PERSONAL NOTES 151-155
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES 155-160

Fly-leaf.]

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

A Small List of faliialile Flower Seeds for Florists.

11).

Ageratum, Blue " Little Gem " S.5 00

Alyssuni, Sweet-scented 2 50

ISalsam, Double White 8 00

" " Crimson 8 00

Calendula oer. "Meteor" 150

" sicula. Siugle Tellow

Candytuft. New Giant Wllite

Centaurea eandidissima, ^ 1000 seeds 75c ...
*' gymnocarpa

Gaillardia picta Lorenziana, 5 OO

Lavatera arborea variegata

Mignonette, "Golden Queen" 3 00

" •• Crimson Queen " 3 00

" " Prizetaker " 3 00

" "Miles' Spiral " 4 00

" "Macliet," entirely distinct
and best for pots. It is a new French
sort, very dwart

Pansy, Large French " Odier "

Papaver umbrosum, ricb Vermillion, with
shiny black spot

Portulaca, finest Mixed Doable

Salvia splendens

Smilax ( Myrsiphyllum) 24 00

oz.

pkt

50

05

30.

05

75

10

75

10

25

05

75

05

100

10

4 00

25

100

10

50

10

200

25

30

05

SO

05

30

«5

40

05

2.50

25

10 00

50

75

10

500

10

200

10

2 00

25

J. M. THORBURN & CO.,

15 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK.

Just Received! Fresh Seeds of LATANIA BORBONICA. Per lb. 75 cents.

ALL FIRST PRIZES FOR DUTCH BULBS

s: ^ la-
ta <<!

to cic
-^ "^ <^)

oq g lO

bfl -5.
S" "^

to "^

CD ^ :2

Co

'lis

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•V-^ -T-T'i r-T -rf^^S^^

71
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- s s: a:

-h|:

At World s Indmlnal and Cotton tentennial Eziiontion, NEW ORLEANS, 1885.
•■' AWARDED •'•

§-

§

S:

The General Bulb Company,

(Successors to BARNAART & CO.)

VOG£L£NZANG (near Haarlem), HOLLAND,

Offer TO THE TRADE ONLY the Largest and Finest Stoctc of Hyacinths, Tulips, Nar-
cissus, etc., at Lowest Prices, either Free on Board Dutch Steamer, or, inclusive of all
Expenses for Freight, Duty, Packing, etc., f. o. b. Cars in New York City.

Received Medals at Paris, Louvain, Ghent, St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, etc.
Wholesale Catalogue for Seedsmen, Florists or Cut Flower Growers, ready In MAY.
Special Rates to Importers of Large Quantities. Address,

J. A. DE VEER, Sole Agent for U. S.,

ap3 IS BROAD'W.A.Y. NSIV YORK CITY,

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

[Fly-leaf.

Landreths' Seeds are The Best!

NORTH, SOUTH, EAST or WEST !

EVEUYTUINfi OF THE BEST. .SEEDS AND IMPLEMENTS
for Farm, Garden or Country Seat. Send for Landreths' Rural
Register Almanac. Descriptive Catalogues FREE. Over 1,500 Acres
under cultivation prowinp; Landreths' Garden Seeds. Founded 1784.

D. LANDRETH <&, SONS,

Nob. 21 & 23 South Sixth St., and Delaware Ave. and Arch St.,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

ekSeedS

ca.t.a.x«ogx7e: of

Seeds ^Tools

FOR GARDENERS and FLORISTS.

IMPORT BULB PRICES READY. IMPORT BULB PRICES READY.

J. C. VAXJGHAIf , 42 La Salle Street, Chicago, Ills.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND HORTICULTURIST

-For 1885-

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE,

S2.00 PER YEAR.

Sli (H ''5 (P iH I (R (^ iH "5 '"^* requested to send at least one NEW name with their own, it possiui*.
Ilil IB O iM fw i IB K 'fl 1^ For this attention, we will furnish THE TWO at $3.00 for the year.

TWO NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS at S3.00. FIVE at S7.00.

Bemit by Monky Order or Registered Letter ; or if you send Draft or Check, mai^e payable on middlb
States, New England or Maryland. On Banks west and south of those points add twenty-five cents to each
Check, to refund cost charged us for collection. Currency is at risk of sender.

RESPONSIBLE AGENTS will be allowed a liberal commission, retainable out of subscriptions forwarded.
Bend for net rates. Sample copy 18c., postage stamps. We do not hold ourselves responsible for the acts of Bogus Agents.

SUBSCRIBERS MUST CHOOSE their AGENTS AT THEIR OWN RISK.

Any Subscriber who has already renewed his subscription and paid $2.00 may order a new subscriber at the rate of
13.00 the two, by remitting the additional $1.00 to balance, and oblige, with thanks for past favors and efforts.

All subscribers, at whatever rate, are invited to take advantage of our list of CLtJB PAPERS. See advertisement.

CAMP! V PDPICC Or Extra Copies of anv issue of the Gardener-S' Monthly should be ordered as early"
OMmr^C. UUriCO as possible, as a LIMITED EDITION ONLY IS ISSUED over .aud above the quantity
required for regular subscription list. Price, 18 cents each, or Five for 60 cents, Cash with the Order.

If larger quantities are wanted of any coming issue, order should be in hand by 16th of previous month, so that we
can provide and insure the supply. After issue a few single copies can be had if ordered quickly during the month
When editions are exhausted, the series is broken, as we do not reprint.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

^A SPXSCIAIjiTY^

Grand Collection of all the Best Varieties, em-
bracing the latest Novelties, Separate and In Mix-
ture. Strictly First-class Seed only. Send for New

Seed Price List, Issued February 1st.

sl2

ALBERT BENZ, Douglaston, N. Y.

mtr SEE FIRST PAGE FACING COVER.-Sd

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Plants for Centres of Befls, Tases, or Baskets.

Pandanus utilus 25cts. to Si 00 each

Crotons, 12 Vars 25cts. toSi.OO

Corypha Australis (Palm) 25cts. toSl.oo

Dracena terminalis 2.5cts. toSl.OO

indivisa 25cts. to SI .00

" Cooperii 59cts.

" Ferrea so cts.

Seaforthia elegans (Palm) 25 cts. toSl.OOeach

Latania Borbonica " 25 cts. to si. oo "

Areca lutescens $1.60 "

" sapida 25 cts. to 81.00 "

" rubra 81.00 "

Phormium ten ax (N. Zealand Flax) 25 cts. to 50 cts. "
FANCY CALADIUMS (for partial sliaile), 12 best sorts, 83 V set

tS" Set of 13 plants for centres (1 of each) for $3.00, iSiG.OO and S13.00 per set, according to size.*^

As named below in fine condition :

ColeuS Verschaffelti. Maroon, shaded crimson 8-1.00 per 100

" Hero. Black foliage ■1.00 "

" Kirkpatrick. Green, blotched yellow 4.00 "

*' Queen of the Lawn. Carminerose 4.00 "

" Golden Bedder. Yellow, splendid 4.00 "

" Firebrand (new). Flame color, splendid 12.00 "

*' Yellow Bird (new). Canary yellow, strong grower 12.00

I^ew Tea Rose, "SUNSET," 2i-in., $16 ; 3-in., $35; 4-in., |35 ; 5-in., |50 ; Cin. $75 f 100.
General Wholesale List sent free on application.

PETER HENDERSON,

35 & 37 Cortlandt Street, New York.

MildeiAT

Killed

IN LESS THAN TWICE FORTY-EIGHT HOURS BY THE APPLICATION OF OUR

J. L. VIRGIN SULPHUR.

Prominent and experienced FLORISTS have given CERTIFICATES as to its merits, and use it in place of the
common FLOWER OF SULPHUR, which appears to be cheaper per pound than VIRGIN SULPHUR, but which
weighs three to four times as heavy for its bulk, and thereby is in reality more expensive. Thus, ONE POUND of the
VIRGIN SULPHUR will, if properly applied, go as far as three to four pounds of the FLOWER OF SULPHUR.
It is best applied with SULPHUR BELLOWS. Full directions how to use it sent with every invoice.

3 NO ROSE GROWER SHOULD BE WITHOUT IT ! t

Sealed Original Bags of 100 Kilos, (about 220 lbs.) sold at Si2.50 per Bag.
Put up in smaller packages, we deliver 25-lb. Bag for S2.00, and lO-lb. Bag for SI.OO.

Apply to

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS

?

P. 0. Box 899, New York. THE AGENTS FOR AMERICA.

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

Seeds, Bulbs ^^' Florists' Supplies.

WAREHOUSE AT 44 DEY STREET.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Roses for Florists.

We make a special business of growing and distributing Roses, and believe we
offer the LARGEST and MOST COMPLETE STOCK of ROSES in AMERICA. ALL ARE
ON THEIR OWN ROOTS. No budded or grafted Roses are sent out.

^% I ^' ^" ^^ ^" PJ I A |k| ^^ ^> ^Xe oft'er but oue size of Roses, strong vigorous plants, from

Ol^b KJu T^^fiKWM I Ob 21^-inch pots. They are thrifty, well matureil, heavily

rooted plants— ready to go into 4-iuch pots. Every order, large or small, is carefully selected from the

largest and best on hand at the time.

n FAN ANn HFAI THY ^^^ roses are kept clean and in good

UUtrtll nnU nunLini. growing condition through the whole season,
BO that Florists can replenish their stock whenever it is convenient to do so.
We ship safely at all seasons— no danger from heat or frost.

IMPORTANT Tfl RIIYFR<\ our roses are not forced, but are grown

imruniniii lo uu i L.110. inordinary soil, without manure or any

STIMULATING PROCESS WHATEVER; THEREFORE THEY REQUIRE NO NURSING, OR EXTRA
CARE, BUT GROW OFF STRONG AND HEALTHY, AND COME QUICKLY INTO BLOOM
FLORISTS SAY OUR ROSES GIVE BETTER SATISFACTION THAN ANY OTHERS THEY CAN BUY

PKicEis OF C3-E:N£:m\.i.i coi<i:.e:c;xions.

Per 100. Per 500. Per 1000.

EVER-BLOOMING ROSES, First class assortment, $ 8.00 $35.00 $70.00

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, " " 9.00 40.00 80.00

MOSS ROSES. " " 15.00 75.00 150.00

CLIMBING ROSES, '• " 8.00 35.00 70.00

QPPpiAl ACQnRTMFNTQ ^°^ special assortments and large orders covering different classes of

OrtVlMU MOOUn l lll tll l O. Roses, it is always best to send a list of the varieties and number of each
wanted. ^Ve can then tell you exactly what we can do, and will name the lowest price that the size and character of
the order will justify. «:$- But you can always depend on lowest prices, whether you have special quotations or not.'Sa

SPECIAL ATTENTION is given to supplying Florists with reliable plants of all the New and Scarce Roses at reasonable
prices. The following choice varieties, and hundreds of others, will be found in our Wholesale Price List, Sent

U.REE to Florists, Market Gardeners and Dealers.

Per Doz. Per 100.

tADT MARY FITZWILLIAM-New English Hybrid Tea S3.00 S20.00

SOUVENIR DE THERESE LEVET— Superb New Scarlet Tea 8.50 16.00

COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE— Splendid Hybrid Tea 3.00 20.00

PRINCESS OF WALES— Eleg.ant New English Tea 2.S0 15.00

DUKE OF CONNAUGHT— Bennetts Hybrid Tea 3.00 20.00

PIERRE GUILLOT— Brilliant Crimson, "Extra Fine 4.00 25.00

BED MALMAISON— New an.l Very Promising 4.00 25.00

SOUVENIR DE GERMAIN DE ST. PIERRE— New Crimson Forcing Rose 3.00 20.00

MADAME CHEDANNE GUINOISSEAU— Rich Golden Yellow, Very Fine 2.O0 12.00

MISS EDITH GIFFORD— A V.aluable New Tea Rose 1.50 10.00

JEANNE ABEI — (New Tea), Rosy Crimson, Pencilled with Gold 1.60 10.00

NIPHETOS-Fiiiest I'urc White for Fdrcing 1.60 10.00

PERI.E DES JARDINS— The Finest Yellow for Forcing 1.50 10.00

CATHERINE MERMET— The Finest Pink for Forcing 1.50 10.00

LA FRANCE — Produces more Flowers when Forced tlian any other variety 1.50 10.00

CORNELIA COOK— Excellent for Forcing, Creamy White, Immense Buds 1.60 10.00

BARONESS ROTHSCHILD— Immense Flowers. Silvery White, Tinged with Blush 6.00 36.00

PAUL NEYRON- One of the Largest and Best Hybrid' Perpetual Roses 1.60 10.00

ANNA DE DlESBACH-(Glory of Paris), One of" the Finest for Forcing 1.60 10.00

MAGNA CHARTA— Rosy Crimson, Very Fragrant, Extra Fine 1.60 10.00

All the STANDARD SORTS in large suppIy-GEN. JACQUEMINOT, ETOILE DE LYON, MARECHAL NEIL, SOUVENIK
D'UN AMIE, HERMOSA, MARIE GUILLOTT, and hundreds of others, at lowest rates, quality considered.

IWOTICE TO BUYERS.

Ab the prices of some of the New and Scarce Roses are subject to change, and
the price of any selection depends largely on the varieties and number of each
wanted, we invite buyers to send their lists and have them priced before making
the order. This is the best plan for buyer and seller, and secures the lowest prices
he can make for the selection wanted. But you can always depend on getting the
best value we can give, on goods ordered— whether you have quotations or not.

NOTICE.— This advertisement is intended for the TRADE ONLT, and not for private planters. Address,

The DINGEE & CONARD CO.,

latf ROSE GROWERS, West Grove, Chester Co., Pa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

QrEENHOUSE ffEATING

Ventilating Apparatus.

Base-Burning Water Heater

Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established. 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLBECKBR STREET,

NEW YORK.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES -

llll ""^sssa ALSO,

"s ,ii!!^it'ii|P!ip

"fe^ EXPANSION TANKS,

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.

Fivesiies. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS,

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

f^ASH-RAISING APPARATUS,

Lifting-Rods fo[ Saslies,

£tc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 6 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Fivesizej. New Patterns 1877. logne, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

NEW PLANTS OF REAL MERIT

New^Forcing Uj^jnCriCail BCaUty." "^^"JsT^^^

This superb Rose is comparatively unknown, as the introducers have not advertised it at all, hut in the opinion of
the best Rose growers it is equally as valuable as the celebrated " Bennett Rose *' (though not conflicting with it in any
way), being entirely distinct in color and shape. The **■ American Beauty " is somewhat like "Countess of Oxford" in
shape of flower, but larger, and has the true Hybrid fragrance. The color is a glowing deep carmine, and it is wonder-
fully free Jowering— every sbuot producing a bud. For Winter flowering it will be very profitable for years to come^ as
its splendid flowers will always command high prices. All the principal rose growers have already purchased it largely.
«1.26 each, !»12,00 per dozen, «75.00 per 100.

Asparagus Tenuissimxis.

We cannot praise too highly this beautiful new greenhouse plant. Its fine fihny foliage equals in delicate beauty the
Maidenhair Ferns. The stems or fronds stand without wilting for a long time after being cut, which will render it most
valuable in fine cut-flower work. It should be grown on strings like Smilax, and is of the easiest culture. For all
decorative purposes it is surpassingly lovely. At Ivlunder's recent great Flower Show, in New York, it created a sensa-
tion. 36c. each, $2.00 per dozen, !$12.00 per 100.

Scarlet Gem Carnation.

nt Carnation greatly surpasses any Scarlet Carnation yet offered, in every gooil c
LS.OO per ino.

Buttercup Carnation.

ellow Carnation is now so well known that a description is unnecessary. 25c.

Streptosolon Jamesoni.

re lobed, nearly one inch in diameter, opening bright orange, changing to a rich,
eatest profusion from March to July. As it requires but little lieat, it can be grow

Bermuda Easter Lily.

: orders for this splendid forcing Lilv, and will make specially low pi
luauty AURATUM LILY BULBS, extra fl

Chrysanthemums.

This magnificent Carnation greatly surpasses any Scarlet Carnation yet oftered, in every good quality. 26c. each,
82.00 per dozen, S12.00 per 100.

This famous Yellow Carnation is now so well known that a description is unnecessary. 25c. each, S2 per dozen,
815.00 per 100.

The flowers are lobed, nearly one inch in diameter, opening bright orange, changing to a rich, dark cinnabar red.
Blooming in the greatest profusion from March to July. As it requires but little heat, it can be grown very successfully
as a house plant.

We are uow booking orders for this splendid forcing Lilv, and will make specially low prices on large quantities.
My bulbs will be of extra quaUty. AURATUM LILY BULBS, extra fine, S9.50 per 100-

My collection of Chrysanthemums is the largest, finest and most complete in the world. It includes the best of the
older varieties, all the new European and American varieties, of 1883 and 1884, twenty-five novelties from China and
Japan, and fifteen new varieties of decided merit of my own ji^rowing. New varieties of last season and all old varieties
are ready for delivery now; new varieties of this season ready in February and March. Write forprices, they are very low.

Carnations.

These three splendid fancy variegated Carnations, Mrs. Carnegie, Chas. J. Clarke, and Petunia, of last season, are
decidedly the most profitable for cut-flower growinp:. They command double the retail prices of other sorts and are long
stemmed and extremely free flowering. Price, S5.00 per 100 ; iilants ready now.

Well est.ilili-^hed plants of Peter Henderson, Snowdon, liin^d.ili', .Spriiislield, Goodrich, Philadelphia, President
Garfield, Ula.k Knight, King of Crim.sons, La Purite, Shellflowei , Kirebran.l, L;uly Kmma, etc., IS3.00 per 100 ; S25.00 per
1000,— purch.aser's selection of varieties, a.s nearly as possible, Hinze's White, »3.50 per 100. Or in every 1000 Carnations
ordered at WSS.OO, 300 Hinze's White may be selected.

** William Francis Bennett."

I have obtained from Mr. Evans the exclusive agency for the sale of this celebrated Kose in Western Pennsylvania.
Circulars and price list on application. I wilt deliver the Uoses in Pittsburgh and vicinity free of express charges.
Before ordering Bennett's it will pay to correspond with mc.

IMDODT nPnCRC cm IPITCn Before giving im])ort orders for Uoman Hyacinths, Lily of the Valley,
linrUrl I UnUCnO OUI-IUI l CU. Narcissus, Kon-in^,' Tulips, Spiraia, Azaleas, I-,ilac, Hoses, llvacinths,
or anything yi>u need from Kurope, sen4l list to me for estimate of prices. I will p:uar»nt«e qufility nnd prices, and

my large experience in forcing fiowers for the cut-flower market enables me to select the most dcsirablo varieties.

lAfplTp FOR PRIPPQ I carry a splendid general stock of Hoses, all varieties ; hardy and tender ; Including
wf n I I C r Un rn I VbO. aU novelties; Clematls, wisterias, Ferns, Palms, Kucharis, Orchids, Ivies, Ariatolochia.
etc., etc. A trial order and my prices will convince you ot the desirableness of dealing with me.

BEAUTIFUL NEW CATALOGUE NOW HEADY AND WILI* UK KKNT KHEE.

BENJ. A. ELLIOTT,

54 Sixth Street, PITTSBURGH, PA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Oreetihouses, Graperies, Cmiservatories, Proiiagating Mouses, For-

cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

DAVID SIMEITIZ,

86 BEA^EFtLY ST3REET,

<Byl3 BOSTON, II1X.A.SS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

"Tlie Horticiltiiral Birectory of tie Mlefl States"

IS NO-W READY FOR DELIVERY.

WE have endeavored to compile as perfect a book as possible, and have been over sixteen months
engaged therein. The addresses have all been tested, and the book is as accurate and com-
plete as it is possible for human skill and patience to make it. "We believe that it will he an invaluable
guide for the trade.

Price, $6.00, per Interleaved Copy.

Please remit amount in Registered Letter, P. O. Order, or Postal Notes, and book will be sent by
mail, postage paid; or, by Express, C. O. D., at purchaser's expense.

Very respectfully, ISAAC D. SAILER, PuWislier,

CHAS. F. EVANS, Editor, Uuiou Insarauce Co. Building, 3cl & Walnut Sts.,

Mowlandvtlle Nursery, filaUon F, Phila., Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA.

"SUPPLEMENT A."

It is the intention to liave ready for delivery at the same time as ''The Horticultural Directory of the United Slates,'

"SUPPLEMENT A,"
which will be a list giving the names and post-office addresses of the Nurserymen, Florists, Fruitgrowers, and Seedsmen
of England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and the Channel Islands, comprising in all about two thousand addresses.

The Supplement will be issued in pamphlet form, and will l)f sold to subscribers to the "Horticultural Directory"
at one dollar (Sl.OO) per copy ; to non-subscribers at one dollar and fifty cents ($1..50) per copy, postage paid.

The trade must bear in mind that the rate of postage to poiuts covered by the Supplement is only one cent for
unsealed circulars weighing not more than two ounces. The business in Horticulture between the two English-speaking

countries is yet in its infancy, but is growing rapidly.
Subscriptions and remittances must be made to

ISAAC D. SAILER, Publisher.

" SUPPLEMENT B "

will be issued APRIL 15, 1885, and will comprise the names and addresses of the principal Nurserymen, Seedsmen,
and Florists of Austria, Bavaria, Belgium, Denmark, Krance, Germany, Holland, Hungarv, Italy, "Poland, Russia,
Saxony, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Wnrtemburg, Brazil, India, Japan, Australia. New Zealand, and South
Africa. Price same as "Supplement A." .Subscriptions and remittances now received by

«=.*.,, n r. .■ ».„,,-. .^ ISAAC D. SAILER, Publisher.

-BS* Address all Communications to the Publisher. "©ft tap2

fl2

Worcester, Mass., January -"2, 1SS5.
Me.sses. Aug. Eolker & Sons, N. Y.:

Dear Sirs — I have used your Soluble Fir Tree Oil for two years on Red .Spider,
Blaik Lice, Mealy Bug and Tbrip, with perfect success. A few days ago my Roses
became mildewed. I gave them a syringing with the solution, and to my surprise I
found t)K* next morning thousands of fishworms in the walks that had crawled out of
the bed, and were mostly dead. Send me another gallon.

Yours truly, H. F. A. Lange.

To be bought through any respectable Seed House in the larger towns. In pint bottles
at 75 cts ; in half pints at 50 cts. For larger quantities address,

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS,

» an.nl., In, «m«ri^^ D n Box 899, Or 44 DE Y ST R EET , NE W Y OR K.

The Sole Agents for America.

P. O.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

Established in 1857,
pro. 296 PEA.FIL STREET,

P. O. Box 2956.

HEI'KKSKNTS IN THE UNITED STATES:

C. Q. VAN TUBERGEN. Jr., Seed.Mnaii and Florist,

JOHN STEWART & SONS, Nnr.sirvmin, Seedsmen and Florists,

LEVAVASSEUR & FILS, Nurservn'i.-n and Florists,

LENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist,

PIERRE SEBIRE, Nurseryman and Florist,

COCHET-AUP.LX & FILS. 'Rose Crowers,

New York City.

Haarlem, Holland.
Dundee, Scotland.

Ussy, Franco,
Ussy, France.
Ussy, Franco.
Orisy-Suisnes, Prance.

EUGENE VEIiniKU FILS AINE, Fbu'ist ; New Gladioluses, Roses, Paeonias, etc., a specialty, Paris, France.
V. LEMOINP], Florist; new varieties of I'lants a specialty, ...... Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBUFa, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - Ollioules, France.

C. PLATZ * SON, SoedMuen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNE,ST RIEMSCIINEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips Hamburg, Germany.

And many other Kuropean Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists.
whoseCataloeues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. JalS

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, PubNc and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

They are Guaranteed to he the Most Powerful, I>urable and Eco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Country.

We are also mannfactnring all the various sizes of MVERS'
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &c.
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price List.

1173 South Ninth Street,

THOS. J. MYERS, Manager.

aptf

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Inpmed Boi Water Mers

■FOFl HEZ/VTINTCr-

MMn, GrapB, Goimatories, Proiaptlig Bises, &c.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No. 46 Marion Street, Nevr York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dU

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

II

♦5* Send for Circular and conditions of insertion under tliis heading. "5]*

H. S. ANDERSON, Cayuga Lake Nurseries,
Union Springs, N. Y.

WM. F. BASSETT, Fruit Trees and Small
Fruits, Hammonton, N. J.

GENERAL BULB CO,. Vogelenzang (Hol-
land). N.Y. Agency. 19 Broadway, apia

A. GIDOINGS, Roses, Plants, Seeds, Bulhs,
Florists' Supplies, Danville, Ills.

ROBT. J. HALLIDAY, Seeds, Bulbs, Roots,
Plants, Flowers, Baltimore, Md-

D. C. McGRAW, Seeds, Greenhouse and
Bedding Plants, Binghaniton, N. Y.

THOMAS MEEHAN,

Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil.

OELSCHIG & MEYER, Out-door Rose
Crowers. Canes, &c.. Savannah, Ga. jlia

Wm. J. Stewart,

—WHOLESALE DEALER IN—

CUT FLOWERS

^ FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,
BOSTON and PHILADELPHIA.

SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

fl2

67 Brorafleld Street,
Boston, Mass.

I „«H < 1518 Chestnut St.,
; """ \ Pbiladelphla, Pa.

CHAS. R. STILLWELL,

Wholesale Florist and Rose Grower.

ROSES GROWN SPECIALLY f.r WINTER FORCING.
SEND FOR TRADE LIST. jll2

King's Highway, Gravesend, L. I., N. Y.

TO CASfTBUYERS

OF POT-GROWN PLANTS.

CAKNATIONS— p. Hender-
son, Snowdon, Pres Gartleld,
Hinze's White ami other var.,
«;! ?t 101. SiS fl 1000; Rooted
Cattings, Sl.50^ 1110; Pres, de
Graw Cnttinjis, »1 fl UKi. Fine
J. FUCHSIAS; GERANIUMS—
mg Rose, Silver Leaf, l>ouble —
all at $3 ^ 100.
' MAD. SALLEROI and VAR.
IVY LEAF, L' ELEGANT GERANIUMS, »4 f. 100. AL-
TERNANTHERAS— Aurea nana and Major, two best,
J319 100.

STRONG SMILAX, .3-in., Jlf! 100; ENGLISH IVY, $2,
85 and $R fl 100. FINE YOUNG ROSES, «1 ^ 100; LA
FRANCE, 8.5 "pf lOfl

CHAS. T. SIEBERT,

THE RE.STLESS AND SLEEPLESS FLORIST,

Stanton Ave., E. E., Pitt.sburg-, Pa.

LOW PRESSURE

-*— r-— =

steam Heating

FOR -

DWELLINGS AND GREENHOUSES.

mhtf GERMANTOWN, FHILA.

BOSTON TEA ROSES

Carefully packed and shipped t»> all points in Western and
Middle States, at lowest Boston market prices. Price list
of Flowers and Florists' supplies sent on application.

WELCH BROS.,

WHOLESALE FLORISTS,
fl2 165 Tremoiit Street, Boston, Mass.

GEO. MULLEN, Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School St., near Parker House,) Boston, MasS.
Flowers carefully packed and shipped to any part of the
country. Send for Price List. Special rates on regular lots.
Orders bv mail, telegraph or express promptly attended to.
Immortelles, Immortelle Lettering, Wive Designs, Coil Wire
Tinfoil, Bleached Wheat, Match Sticks, Toothpicks, con-
stantly on hand and sold at lowest wholesale rates. (For-
inerlv with W. .1, Stewart.) dl2

MY WHOLESALE "?S"=

Of Choice Greenhouse .ind Bedding Plants; Orchids,
Roses and Shrubs ; Flower and Vegetable Seeds ; mailed

to all applicants. Address,

WM. C. WILSON, Florist,

ASTORIA, L. I., N. Y.

Or, City Store, 4S West 14th St., N. Y. City, my3

TOBACCOSTEMS;

In bales weighing 500 lbs. each, at S5.00 per bale, or three

bales for S18. 00.
TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board ol boats or cart.

ni2 Straiton & Storm,

204-208 Bast 27th St., New York City.

Carnation Plants

ROOTED CDTTINGS of above will be ready for delivery
in February and Florets and Smilax at all times.

ntf

THOMAS F. SEAL,

Unionvilie. Chester Co., Pa.

THOMAS YOUNG, Jr.,

WHOLESALE FLORIST,

NO. II WEST 27TH STREET,

NCUr YORK.

;«-UHOICE ROSES A SPECIALTY.-SO

sia

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Something New in Water Heaters

Sectional View of Carmody's Patent

SECTioiAL mmm wm^ seaier

Especially adapted to the heating of

lt(

And other Buildings where the HOT WATER system is desired.

Please take Notice.

This Heater is composed of sections, and
can be enlarged or diminished in size at will.

By removing the impacting sections it be-
comes a tirst-class saddle boiler.

It can be used in connection with a flue
along the ground, or not, at pleasure.

It requires no lire pit, where water is liable
to extinguish the fire.

It l)urns.soft coal as well as hard, and does
not clog up with soot.

It has more heating surface in proportion
to its size than any other boiler in the market.

It is the CHEAPEST and most durable tirst-
chiss boiler made.

For DescriptiTB Circular and Price LiBt»
address the Froprietor,

J. D. CARMODY,

FLORIST,

EVANSVILLE, IND.

HOW TO HEAT A GREENHOUSE WITH WATER.

The inventor of this Heater has lately pub-
lished an illustrated treatise on the above sub-
ject, which every Florist should possess, as it
gives full instruction bow to set the boiler, ar-
range the pipCj make joints, mend leaks, and
much other desirable information. In lact, any
one by following its directions can pipe their
own houses without the assistance of a plumber
or high-priced labor. Price 50 cents. Address,

J. D. CARMODY,

tstf £Tan8Tille» Ind.

spE:ci.A.r.s

LILIUM AURATUM.

Fine Bulbs, per 100.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

All the very best new and old kinds at cheap

CARNATIONS.

The following are unsurpassed, viz.: BLACK
KNIGHT, MRS. P. MANGOLD, FAIRY
PRINCESS, PETUNIA, ROSALIND, per 100
S6.00, per 1000 S50 00. JAS. Y. MURKLAND,
the most beautiful of all Scarlets, *12 per 100.

VIOLET SWANLEY WHITE.

.$10.00 I Per 100 S6.0O

VENICE AND NEW YORK.

Per 100 S12.0O

These are really desirable.

i ASPARAGUS TENUISSIMUS.

Per 100 SIO.OO

i^o florist should be without this and the truly

STREPTOSOLON JAMESONI.

The finest of all Spring-flowering market plants.
Per 100 ie.OO

jll2

V. H. HALLOCK, SON & THORPE, Hinsdale P. 0., aueens,JI. Y.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plantations, Voung Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and tieedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Mock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free

Special Ofer for 1885

ROSES IN 2-INCH POTS.

NIPHETOS, *C per 100; PEULES— Catii. MermET,
BONSILENE and Safhano, mr> per 100 ; (in-l-in. pots, »13
per 100); Sunset, SIO per lUO; \V,m. Fkanits Hf.nnett
in 3-in. pnts ssa eru-li, «18 pnr doz.; GKHANIIMS in
2-in. pots, »4; (inl-in. pot.s, ISIO per 100); I51]atii:ns Sul-
TANI and New .\i.yssiiM, Benthajii comi-actum, 75o.
per doz.; »,T per ino ; 12 best varieties of Double Fringed
Petunias in 2-in. pots, 7/>c. i)er doz.; »."> period; (in 4-in.

gotsSlO i)er inOi. O licst varieties of Hemotropks, and
OLEUS VERSCItAl-KKI/ril, ViCTOHIA and OOI.DEN KED-

PER, in 2K-in. j)ots, IS4 per 100; Hei.kitikipes in 4-in, pots,
88 per 100, or SI per doz.

U. O. n. orders from nnknnwii cnstomcrs must be accom-
panied with 2.1 per cent, cash to insure reception of the
goods.

f4 DeWITT BROTHERS, Bristol, Pa.

mhi

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

Don't Miss This!

Double Tuberose, 1st size, extra largo, »2.00 per 100;
WIS.OO per 1000. '2nd size, »16.00 per 1000. Kcheverla
Secunda and E. tilaucs, full size, *5.00 per 100. Swaiiley
white Violet, W7.00 per 10". Pyretlirnm Aureum, »3.SO

per 100. 200 varieties of Chrysaiitliemuuis, licwt old and
now, at low rates.

WALTER W. COLES, Claymont, Del.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

New Fruit and Ornamental Trees

Send Stamps for our Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogues. They contain full and accurate information about all the

Old and New Fruits, Trees, Roses, Grape Vines, Etc.,

With cultural directions, and are the most complete published. No. 1, Fruits, including Small Fruits (new edition, just
published), 10c. No. 8, Ornamental Trees, etc., 15e. No. 3, Strawberries. No. 4, Wholesale. No. 5, Roses, tree.

Mt, Hope Nnrseries, - - Rochester, N. Y.

MARSCHUETZ & BACHARACH,

25 NORTH FOURTH STRtET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.,

IMPOKTERS OF AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

Bouquet Papers (Italiens), Pasted Cartons,

Immortelles, Dried Grasses and Flowers,

Ornamental Crass Bouquets, Mosses,
Wire Designs, Tin Foil,

Swiss IVIoss and Fancy Baskets.

-IVIANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF BASKETS FOR FLORISTS-^

Illustrated Catalogue free on application. Orders will receive careful attention and prompt shipment.

apl2

PHILADELPHIA.

KNGRAVEK FOB FIORISTS,

SEEDSMEN AND NCKSEKllMEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 25c. for large illustrated
tniok and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
tor New work. ftf

ALL RIGHT

ISell-feed STRAW *fc

HAY CUTTEit
The best in the n^orld.

The knife is Steel, and tempered, and

1, fastened to lever wuh three bolls.

and can tie easily taken off to sharpen.

The length of cut is regulated by tho

J lever to which the knife is bolted.

The higher the lever is raised, the

t will cut. All are g^uarantecd Send for

ivhirhwill he mailoi FREE.

fc>E\VAKKM.\4IU\E<0.. <oliimbuB,0.

mys

LOUIS BOEHMER,

EXPORTER OF

imia Flits, Bis, M, k.

NOS. 4, 5 <Sc 28 BLUFF,

Prices on application. [f 12] YOKOHAMA, JAPAN.

FUN

Bro. Jonathan's Jokes

I 80pages, niiiatrated. Sent,

^ ^^^ ___ _| Postpaid, forTwelveCents.

ap3 Exeel^or PubtUblDg House, 29&31 BeekmaoSUiNeirYorki

PYKAMIDAI.IS and fJeo. Peabody Arbor-

vitie, RetiiiiNporas and other Evertatt'u routed
Cuttinffs. by the lixj, l.mKi, lU.iKW orSU.uoo. .Marl-
boro and litanrocaM Ila«p*>errS' and other small
Fruit Plants. Ornamental ana Fruit Trff^. Grape
ap2 Vinei,Asparagus Hoot*, etc. <.ha8.B.llorBor,3t.Bonj,N.J

^^DREER'S

GARDEN SEEDS

PLANTS, BULBS ANO REQUISITES. They
are th*- Brist at thp I.,o\Tt'st Price.'*.

Oalend/ir for l>s8o mailed free,' Address

HENRYA.DREER

714 CHESTNUT ST. PHILA.

HENCII'S

BlDrVG OR WALKING

CORN ANU FALLOW

ap2

CULTIVATOR.

With double row-
Corn Planter and
Fertilizer Attach-
ments coDiplete in one
Machine. Received
f medal and highest
awards of merit at
the Great Southeru
exposition, Louli^.
vllle. Ky., and a
number of State
FuIrHlnlhKS.

THE KING OF THE CORN-FIELD.

Thousand.'^ in use priving entire satisfaction. The de-
raan'l already this season is three times as large aa
last year, lieliable Airent»» wanted in all unoccupied
territory. Send for catalo[<ue, mailed free.
Address MENCH & XmOMGOZDf

Name this paper. Tork, Pa.

PATENT BINDER

For the Gardener's Monthly. Numbers filed with the greatest
convenience. Preserve them filed lor reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 40
cents each. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St. Phila.

u

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Special Ofer to Fiorists^Horticulturists

ROSES FOR FORCING NEXT SPRING AND SPRING SALES.

Every order, large or small, will be shipped immediately. All budded ou Seedling Briar;

PRICES OP PLANTS, INCLUDING PACKING :

Two Tears Old.

Stamlanl Tree Roses $35^ 100; $:it)0 ^ 1000

Half StamlarU Tree Roses S2.5 " J200 "

Centifolia Roses, low budded $9 " S 8.5 "

Provence " " ^^ " S 85 '*

Moss " " «10 " S 90 "

H. P. Moss " " 810 " S 95 "

China, or Monthly Roses ( Everbloom-

ing), low budded $10 V 100; S 90 ^ 1000

Tea-Scented Roses, low budded $11 " $100 "

Noisette •' " $11 " $100 "

BoOrbon " •' $10 " $ 96 "

Hybrid Perpetual Roses, low budded. $10 " $95 "

These prices are for all varieties in our Catalogue, including newer liinds, except Merveille de Lyon, $20 fl 100, $3 f! doz.
The roses offered below are not imported ; they are grafted on seedlnig Briar Stocks this Winter ; grown in i and 4)^-
inch pots ; plants from 1 to 1}^ feet, tine growing condition. Delivered any time after April 1st, during the Summer.
Send your orders immediately.

The NEW YELLOW HYBRID PERPETUAL R0SE-6L0IRE LYONNAISE- obtained by crossing Mme. Falcot (Tea) with
Baroness Rothscliild (H. P.) 1 plant 50c., i:i per 10, $7 per 25, $12 per 50, $20 per 100.

I. Niphetos $2.00 ^ doz.; $17.00^100

II. Perle des Jardins $2.00 " $15.00 "

III. Catherine Mermet $2.00 " $15.00 "

IV. Duke of Connaught $1.00 " $20.00 "

V. Souv. d'un Ami $2.00 " $10.00 "

VI. Pierre Guillot $3 00 " $20.00 "

Souv. deTherese Levet $4.00^ doz.

The numbers II, III, V, IX, XI can be shipped at once in dormant plants grown out-of-doors.
PANSY SEEDS in 4B choice varieties, mixed $5 per oz. | LILY OF THE VALLEY PIPS $12 per 1000, $110 per 10,000

SCHULTHEIS BROTHERS, Rose Growers,

VII. RedMalmaison $2.00 ^ doz.; $15.00*! lOO

VIII. Princesse of Wales $3,00 " $20.00 "

IX. Mme. Ched Guenoisseau $2.00 " SIOOO "

X. Lady Marie Fitzwilliam $;iOO " $25.00 "

XLLaFrance $2.00 " $10.00 "

XII. Ciueen of Queens $1.00 " $30.00 "

tjll2

P. O. Box 78. College Point, L. I., N. Y.

NIAGARAf/Z^s

have been planted in all parts ol the country, have
proved a success everywhere and to be the most val-
uable variety in cultivation. 2yearold vines of this
wonderfully productive, hardy, delicious WHITE
"^ "■ ■ * ~" ' — — are now offered for the
first time at the low
price of S2.00 each liy
mail postpaid. We hold the entire stock of this
grape; none having ever before been sold with the
privilege of propjigntion therefrom.

F be obtained only

J from US or our

-ized agents. Order

J 'Our vines NOW before stock is exhausted. Circu-
ars free. Address the Sole Owners,
NIAGARA WHITE GRAPE CO., Lockport, N. Y.

wonaenuiiy proauctive, nan

GRAPE

mail post paid. We hold th
grape: none having ever beff
privilege of propagation therefrom.
T T T TV T T^ O <»n ""w I
V PsJ r ,r^ directly)

V J. X N J — I W_Jauthorizet

d6

E VRKY

"NIAGARA"

VINE

Has this Beg-
istered

TRADE MARK
Stamped on a
Lead Seal
Attached.

MOSS ROSES

MRS. POLLOCK GERANIUMS.

HARDY WHITE PINKS.

For sizes and prices address,

H. W. HALES, Ridgewood Floral Nursery,

RIDGEWOOD, N. J.

THE GRANGER FRUIT AND VEGETABLE
EVA.POFlA.TORS.

S3. 50. $6. and $10 s.n.l for Circular.

EASTERN MANUFACTURING CO .
ap6 268 South Filth Street. Phila.

The Flowering Plants,

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF
GREAT BRITAIN

And their allies, the Club MoHses, I'epperwortii and
Horsetails.

Uy ANNIE PRATT,
6 vols, octavo, cloth, Kilt. .319 full colored i)lates. Illustra-
tinK 1543 species floured with index in each vol. with botani-
cal and common name referring to plate, figure and paper.
Price $.')2..50 sent post-paid. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Indian Azaleas,

TRADE SIZES AND SPECIMENS.

Mollis and Glient Azaleas, Rhododenrons, Camellias,
Orchids, Palms and General Kuropean Stock. Apply to

mhtt

A.. VA-NT GrEEFlT,

Continental Nurseries, Ghent. Belgium.

A PRIZE

Scnil six <('iits fnr |)ii>t;ii:i'. and re-
r<.'i\t' fift.-, a ro.slly 1ki\ of goods
which will help you to more moneyrip;ht away than anythinf^
else in this world. All. of either sex, svieceed from lir^t hour.
The broad road to fortune opens before the worker:*, abso-
lutely sure. At once address. True & Co., Augusta, Me- mh6

BtJLBS

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. KISH.

Being^ descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulos and bulbous plants, and their chief vario-
lies; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of iluors. Illustrated, 408-
pages, I'imo, (;loth. Price, $2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

15

NEW AND EAEE EAST INDIAN AND OTHER I

^ORCHIDS

The undersigned offers EAST INDIAN and otlier ORCHIDS

in large quantities, well est;ibli,slied plants, as well as extra

large specimens. At prices much lower than they can be

purchased in Europe.

ANGK.ff;CCMS in variety ; splendid plants.

AKIDES— Virens EUisii, Loldiii, Roseum. Adoratum,Crassi-
folium. Crispum, Qxunnuevulnerum, Fieldingi, &c.

CALANTHAS— Veitchii.Vestita rubra, Lutea, Nivalis, &c.

CATTLEYA — Eldorado, Eldorado splendens, Superba,
Mossiae, Leopoldii, Mendelii, Trianse, Amethystina, Leo-
poldii. Percivaliana, Imperialis, Maxima, Skinerii, &c.

CTPRIPED1CM9 — Candatum, Concolor, Niveum,
Piereeii, Ijawrenciana, Sedeni, Lowei, Spicerianum,
Argus, Ciliolare, Rfezlli. Robelina. &c.

DENDKOBICMS— Aggregatum, Albo-Sanguineum, Bar-
batulum, Cbrysanthuni, Cretaceum, Chrvsotoxum, Cras-
sinoda, Dalhbusianum, Devonianura, Iilbumeum, Fal-
conerii, flmbriatum occxdatuni, foruiosuui giganteum,
Luteolum, macrophylluni giganteum, Pan'shii, Pier-
ardii latifolia Suavissimuni, Wardianum, Dearii, Thy-
rsiflorum, Jamesaanum, Nodatum, Densiflorum,
Sehroederi, &c.

UE1.IAS— Auceiis. Ruperbiens.Alba, Dawsonii, Perrinii,&c.

I.YCASTESKINNERII— Agrandwinter-floweringOrchid.

0D0NT0G1.OSSU MS— Grande, Bictoniensis, Rossii majus,
Piiala-nopsis, Kramerii, R«zlii, Crispum, Poscatorea,&c.

PH^LA N O E*SIS— Amabilis, Sohilleriana, Cornu Uervi, &c.

SACCOLABIUM — Blumei m.ajus, Guttatum, Ampula-

ceum, Violaceum, Curvifolium giganteum, Retusem, Ac.

Masdev.allias; Tricopilia ; Vadas ; Barkerias; Chysis;

Coryanthes ; Phagus ; Stanhopeas ; Sobralia ; Utricularias.

With many rare Orchids. Catalogue on application.

tmhS WASHINGTON. D. C.

TUBEROSE BULBS

Per 100 Per 1000

Pearl, Ist Size $3.00 S25.00

" 2nd" $2.00 S I8.0O

Double, 2nd Size $ 1.75

,«S-ALL BULBS GUARANTEED PURE.-=53a

ENGLE & BRO., ap2

Nurserymen and Florists, Nlarrietta, Pa.

ENGRAVING PHOTOGRAPH*

NO DRAWING REQUIRED .

NO HAND WORK NECESSARY-

SEND (CHEAP. ARTISTIC.

d6

DnDTi?miiBf) CROSSCUP i WEST ENG.CO.
PAKTICUlAnS(;70 2 chestnut st. phila.pa.

The Best Bright Red

ALTERNANTHERA by the 100 or 1000. Lowestrates
on application.

MYERS' FLORAL ESTABLISHMENT,

ap2 ALTOONA, PA.

Art of Propagation.

A Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and Every-
body, 32 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 25 cuts, price 30
cents. Mailed, postage free, on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St .Phila.

Stock Plants

FOR FLORISTS ONLY years'^raiseV^fo"/ the

Wasliiugton Market from 50,000 "to 120.000 Bedding
Plants, aunu,ally, I h.ave tested a great many v.arietics, .and
throw out all poor ones. I offer in my list only the Best Old
and Newer Kinds; especially to beginners in the business,
viz.:

175 Chrysanthemums for SIO.OO

140 Geraniums, Zonale and Scented 8.00

60 Fuchsias 3.00

40 Verbenas 2.00

34 Carnations «.00

15 Begonias 1.00

6 Lantans, 6 Heliotropes, each .35

5 Acliiranthus, 5 Alternantheras, each .35

24 Coleus 1.00

10 Miscellaneous Plants 60

ROOTED CARNATION CUTTINGS now ready, at 81.50
per 100, $12.00 per 1000, as long as supply lasts, in following
varieties : Pres. de Graw, Hinze's White, Peter Henderson,
Edwardsii, Philadelphia, Lady Emma, Pres. Garfield, King
of Crimsons.

Or the whole collection of .500 plants, all labeled, for S25.00.
For Descriptions, see my Wholesale Catalogue.

Nicholas Studer,

tsl2 FLORIST,

ANACOSTIA P. 0., WASHINGTON, D. C.

THE CS^RE:A.X NEfV QXTZNCE

MEECH'S PROLIFIC.

The most wonderful of all new fruits. Beautiful pho-
tograph of branch of fruit, and circular giving descrip-
tion, directions in culture, method of pruning, valuable
receipts, interesting articles from the press, etc. all free.
Largest stock of Mulberry Trees in America. Send for
circular ail. 1 price list. HANCE & BORDEN, Red Bank,
N. J., and 31 Fulton St.. N. Y. f£

Verbenas and Roses

■\'EBBENAS Transplanted in Boxes. »15 per 1000.
ROSES. Small and Large Plants offered Cheap on ac-
count of room bv

C. RIBSAM & SON,

ap2 TRENTON, N. J.

Retail Catalogue of Seeds and Plants Free.

Every Woman

HER OWN FLOWER GARDENER.

BY DAISY EY'EBRIGHT.

Illustrated. 148 pages, small 8vo, cloth. Price, 81.00; by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 81-1 Chestnut St., Phila.

Its History, Culture, Classification and Nomenclature.

BY F. W. BURBIDGE,

Curator of Trinity College Botanical Gardens, Dublin. 102
pages. Octavo, cloth. Price, $1.50 ; by mail, postpaid.
Aililrcss

' CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEK.

NURSERY mg GREENHOUSES

FOR SALE IN ST. LOUIS ^f^ ^C^S^^

directly west from heart of city ; in line with best residence
growth ; immense improvements going on all around. Near
new cable road ; close to Forest Park of 1,200 acres. Filled
with best assortment of Evergreen and Deciduous Stock in
St. Louis. Over 6,000 ft. of glass, heated by hot water ; all
nearly new. Neat cottage, 0 rooms ; large stable, well, cis-
tern— everything complete ; long established, good run of
custom, little competition. Elegant hedges, choice trees.
&c., around house. Rare chance for both investment and
business. Price and further pai ticulars, address
tmy3 C. SANDERS. 2625 Pine St., St. Louis, Mo.

THEORCHID ALBUM

A Serial Jlonthly Work on Exotic Orchids. Conducted by
Robert Waunek and Benjamin S. Wii^liams. Botanical
Descriptions by Thomas Moore, Curator of Chelsea
Botanic Oardens. The colored figures bj^ John Nugent
Fitch. Size of page royal quarto, enabling artist to pro-
duce ample and intelligible portraits of the plants, which
are drawn and coh»red in the best style. The text comprises
English botanical descriptions of the plants, notes on their
cultivation and such general observations as may prove of
interest and utility to orchid-growers. The subjects selected
for illustration comprise the most ornamental and attractive
species and varieties, new and old, of this noble and beauti-
ful family ; presenting to subscribers a splendid annual
album of floral pictures for the drawing-room and library.
Sold by subscription and issued in regular monthly parb^, at
$1.25 per part, or $15 00 for the twelve annual pans, mailed
post tree on receipt of price. Each part contains four hand-
somely colored plates with corresponding letter-press; and
a volume of twelve parts will be completed annually. First
part was issued July, 1881, and an annual volume will be
completed in June of each year following, until the subject
is exhausted.

Orders as received by the undersigned will be entered and
forwarded to the Publisher in London. An interval of from
four to six weeks will ensue between reception of initial
numbers (per mail, direct from Loudon,) by subscriber,—
afterwards regularly each month.

Advertisements of a suitable character will be admitted
at following rates per single issue : Whole page, S20.00 ; half-
page, $11.25; quarter-page, 85.50; per inch., single column,
S1.50. Terms cash with the order. Address for subscription
or advertising.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Sole Agent for the United States,

SH Cliestnut Street, Philadelphia,

INJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

B> MARY TREAT.
Fully Illustrated. 288 pages. 12mo, cloth.
Price, $2.00 by mail, post paid. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

MUSHROOMS

^or the MILLION, a Practical Ireatise on the cultivation
of the MOST PROFITABLE out-door crop knoum,

BY JOHN WRIQHT.

Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. 104 pages. Price, 50 cents, by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

Architects'and Builders' Pocket Companion

AND PRICE BOOK,

By FRANK W. VODGES. Architect.

Consisting of a short but comprehensive epitome of Decimals, Duo-
decimals, Geometry and Mensuration, with tables of U. S. Mea-
sures, strengths, etc., of iron, wood, stone and various other ma-
terials, quantities of materials in given sizes and dimensions of
wood, brick and stone, and a full and complete bill of prices for
Caritnter work. Also, rules for computing and valuing brick and
bricK-work, stonework, painting, plastering, &c., 284 pages, i6mo,
cloth 81-50. Tuck, ^2.00. Sent by mail postage free, on receipt of
price. Address.

CHAS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila,

100,000

4 to G iuches» for Transplautiog.

PKICB AND SAMPLES ON APPLICATION.

JOSEPH HEINL, Jacksonville, Ills.

tiny2

THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method ot Teacbing the Science.
Bv W. J. BeaIj, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition,
revised by the author. 2.5c. Mailed, post-paid on receipt of
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal." — London Qardcjier^ s Magazine.

"This liooli well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, ;nul also of those who are about to study
il.^'— London Journal of Horticulture.

" No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teachers of Botany." — Gardeners' Monthly.

Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal.— 2/te Botanical Gazette.

" It would be difficult to overestimate the difference be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
anaWsis of flowers." — N. Y. Evening Post.

"The mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
ing the mind."— CowM^rj/ Gentletnari.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Soi6 File Mlisl Mil

Bontham's British Flora, 2 vols., 8vo, Illustrated 81(i.50

British Sea Weeds, Mosses, Ferns and Entomology,

square, 16mo, gilt, 81) plates, i vols 12.00

English Flower Garden, Robinson, illustrated 6.00

Ferns of Great Britain and their Allies. 41 col. plates, 6.25
Flowering Plants, Grasses and Ferns of Great Britain,

Pratt. 6 vols., ;!19 colored plates 32..50

Gilpins' Forest Scenery 3.00

Greenhouse Favorites, splendid colored DIustrations. . 12.50

Half-Hours in tlie Green Lanes 2.00

Half-Hours with some English Antiquities 2.00

Low's Ferns of Great Britain. 8 vols., J^ tky 80.00

Newton'sLandscai)eaardening, fol., 24 dble pp. plates. 6.00

Sylvan Spring, colored plates. Heath 6.00

Vegetable World, Figuier, 470 Illustrations, in calf 6.00

Walton & Cotton s Complete Angler, octavo, 60 plates 4.00
Wild Flowers of the Holy Land (quarto), col. plates. 8.50

Wooster's Alpine Plants. 2 vols 17.50

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

AMERICAN FLOWER^ARDEN DIRECTORY.

By Eobert Buist.
With practical directions for the Culture of Plants in Flower-
Garden, Hot^House, Green-House, Booms, or Parlor Windows,
for ever7 month of the year. Instructions for erecting Uot^
bouse, Gree!: house, and laying out a Flower garden. Instruc-
tion for cultivating, propagating, pruning aud training tho
Grapo vine and description of best sorts for the open air. 34
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price Jl 50. Sent by mail post paid on receipt
of price. CHAS. H. MAKOT,

814 Chestnut .'it. P>iil«.

SWEET POTATO CULTURE.

GIVING FULL INSTRUCTIONS FROM

STARTING THE PLANTS TO HARVESTING
AND STORING THE CROP.

WITH A CHAPTER ON THE CHINESE YAM.

BY JAMKS FITZ,

Keswick, Va., author ot "Southern Apple and Peach
Culturist. " Paper cover. Price, Post-paid, 40 cents.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

ROSESir

A LARGE STOCK OF THE LEADING I
VARIETIES AT LOW RATES.

La France, Perle, Niphetos, Bon Silene,

Safrano, etc., $6; Sunset, $10;

Bennett, $90 per 100.

Catalogues on application.

F. HAHMAN,

tmhs Harrow gate Laiic, PhJladelDMa^Pa.

OREIGN GRAPE VINEQ

FOR GRAPERIES ^^

(, One year old vines, $1.00 each.
PRICE : j j^g yj3^ jiij ,|„g5^ $2.00 each.

HALES

Bowood Muscat,
Muscat Hamburg,
Canon Hall Muscat,
Madresfleld Court Muscat,
Mrs. Place's Black Muscat,
Muscat of Alexandria,
Black Prince,
Black Alicante,
Black Barbarossa,
Black St. Peter's,
Buckland Sweet^vater,
Calabrian Raisin,
Chasselas de Fontainebleau,
Chasselas White,
Chasselas Golden,
Duchess of Buccleuch,
Frontignan White,

Catalogue sent free on application.
We would also call special attention to our stock of
Camellias, Azaleas, Acacias, Roses and general collection
of winter-blooming ornamental foliage and bedding plants

Frontignan Grizzly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg W^ilmot's,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria,
Lady Down's Seedling,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz.
Trentham Black,
^A/hitc Nice,
White Syrean,
White Sweetwater,
^Vhite Tokay.

For destroying ground moles in lawns, parks, gardens, and
cemeteries. The only PERFECT mole trap in existence.
Guaranteed to catch moles where all other trapa fail*

Sold by Seedsmen, Agricultural Implement and Hardware
dealers. Dlustrated circulars sent Free on receipt of stamp.

H. W. HALES, BIDCIEWOOD, y. J.

TF you wish to make the

Gardeners' Monthly

THREE TIMES AS VALUABLE,

BIND TH NUMBERS

Of each year. The index for the year's volume makes every
article in it easily accessible, and you will be surprised to
tind how fresh aud satisfactory the magazine is for reference.
If you have no bookbinder in convenient reach, mail us
your numbers, post-paid, and 90 cts. in stamps for each year,
enclosed in your letter of advice. We will leturn you the
volumes bound in neat cloth ca.ses post-pai<l. If you value
the magazine in numbers you will value it still more pre-
served in this permanent form. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day Handbook for the Farm. Full
of Labor-saving devices and Home-made contrivances,
within the reach of all. Contains the hest ideas gathered
from a score of practical men in all departments of Farm
Labor. 212 Illustrations, 2J0 pages. 12 mo, cloth. By mail,
post paid, for SI. 50. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HOUSEHOLD ^ CONVENIENCES

Being the experience of many practical writers. Bring-
ing together the devices that hundreds of housekeepers
have found useful in their own homes. The ^'Conveniences"
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
ing that they may lighten the labor and *' save steps" to
many an over-worked housekeeper. 220 Illustrations, 240
pages, 12 mo, cloth. Sent by mail, post paid, for SI. 50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography o
Pot-Rose,

by WM. PAUL.

92 pages, cloth, illnstrated. Price, SI 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhOa

DAVID FERGDSSON & SONS, Laurel Hill Mmm,

t.f.l2

Ridge and Lehigh Avenues, Philadelphia, Pa.

HOW TO PROPAGATE

GROW^FRUIT

BY CHAS. A. GREEN.

64 pages. Octavo. Illustrated with 2 colored plates and
>ver fltty enin-avings. Price, paper, 50 cts., prepaid by mail.
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMTJEL B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation, Culture and History of the
Rose. Illustrated. 215 pages 12nio., cloth. Price 81.50. Sent
by mail post-paid on receipt ofnrice. Address,

CSaS. BL MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henry T. Williams.

Devoted specially to the Culture of Flowers and Ornamental
Plants for In-door use and Parlor Decoration. Splendidly illus-
trated. 300 pages, med. 8vo, cloth. Price 81.50. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

S14 Chestnut St., Phila.

BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

By Josiah Hoopes.

A practical treatise on the Conifera or Cone-bearing plants.
Handsomely illustrated. 435 pages, r2mo, cloth. Price ^3 w-
Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MA ROI ,

SUChestnut St., PL-a,

/8

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

SEED Warranted to Crow.

or nrtU'r refill***! j; rat is I fnivt; yr.ld veK^etahle and tlower
1 lit (ivcT a luillion farmers ami gardeners in the
L'liiled States, perhaps sunn- art- yuur iieighburs. if so ask
tboni wholber tbey arf rtliablc. Mr. Tlionias Henshall of
Tniy.Kaiisas.writesme : "FurZeyearal havedeult with
you. I have lived in Iowa, Missouri, Colorado, and Kan-
;, and no matter what the soil or climate, the result
,s always the same, to wit :— rellglouBly honeit
and good." Tills i^^ thf kind of seed I raise and sell. The
Hubbard and Marblehead Squash. Marblehead
orn, Marblehead Cabba^eR, Ohio Potato, £clipse
ISeet» are seme of the vefretables of which 1 was the orig;inal in-
troducer. A Fair with $500 in premiums. See my catalogue, free to all.
'jAines J H . GR£GORV, (Seed Grower), Marblehead. Mass

TATayside Flo^wrers

Being a compilation ol thirty-one of the beautiful plates from "Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States" and 128 pp. of text

Sir TH:o:yc^s nyLEEH:.^!^,

Author of "The Native Flowers and Ferns of U. S. ; " Professor of Vegetable Physiology in Penna. State Board of
Agriculture ; Editor of The Gardener's Monthly ; Vice-President Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila.

This work is appropriate for AN ELEGANT PKESENT. Splendid paper and typography ; Bound in fine cloth,
berilled boards, gilt edges. The balance of the edition for sale at retail only. Only a few more copies left.

Bent hy mai postage free. Address,

(3?5=PRICE 85.00^^0

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

INJURIOUS TO FROITS.

By Wm. Saunders, F. R. S. C.

Dedicated to the Fruit Growers of America. 8 vo., cloth,
pp. 4.36. Illustrated with 440 Wood Cuts. Price $3.00 by
mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

FOR THE NATURALIST AND ANGLER.

DR. JAMES A. HENSHALL'S

BOOK OF THE BLACK BASS.

Comprising its complete Scientific and Lite Histories, to-
gether with a Practical Treatise on Angling iind Fly-fishing,
and a full account of Tools, Tackle and Implements.

Large 12mo. 460 p.ages. Fully Illustrated. Price, S3.00.
Bent By mail, prepaid, on receipt of the price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

All of Grafting and Budding

BY CHARLES BALTET,
Appropriately and fully illustrated by 186 cuts, showing
methods, tools and appliances. Pp. 2.30, 12 mo. cloth, flexi-
ble. Price $1.25 mailed, postage free. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street Phlla.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDKKW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the liobvnical and Popular Names
of all the Indiginous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and !)<■< iduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 paces, fine cloth. Price 81.50 ; niaileil, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

HOW THE FARM PAYS.

77ie Experiences of UO years of Successful Farming and
Gardening^ hy the authors

WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

Profusely Illustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
Price prepaid, by mail S2.60. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FOli

YOUNG AND OLD.

The Cultivation ol Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden.

BY JOSEPH HARRIS, M. S.

Illustrated, 191 pages, I2mo, cloth, beveled hoards. Price
$1.25, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Botanist's Pocket Book.

4tb Edition, cloth limp, pp. 208. By W. B. Hayward.
Containing in a tabulated form the chief cbaraeteriatlos of
British Plants, with the Botanical Name, Common Name,
Soil and Situation, Growth and Time of Flowering of every
Plant, arranged under its own Order. Price $1.70. Mailed,
postage free. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise oti the Propagation and Culture of the Camellia Ja-
ponica, by Robert J. Halliday. Illustrated with Five Colored
Plates and 50 Wood Engravings, 12mo, pp. 141, cloth. Price, 82.00.
Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

A Treatise on Beautifying Homes, Rur.al Districts, Towna
and Cemeteries. By Elias A. Long. 381 pages, 12 mo, cloth.
Illustrated. Sent by mail prepaid for $2.00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

19

Indian Azaleas,! f\

MoIIU Azaleas, RhododeDdrons, Camellias, Iman-
tophyllum (Clivia), Spirteaa and General Belgian ami
European Stock. Otleieil in GREAT QUANTITY anil
LOW PRICES by

LOUIS EECKHATJTE, The Nurseries,

tmy ST. DENIS, WESTREM-LES-GAND, BELGIUM.

-DOWNING'S

Or, Ttie CnltDre, Propaptlon, aM Majageient, li tie
GarleD and Omlari, of Frnll Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Descriptions of all the Finest Varie-
ties of Fruit, Native and Foreign, ciiltivatL-d in this Coun-
try; containing, also, A History of iNSErxs Injurious to
Fruit, and the best methods of destroyint^ them.

Mr. Charles Downing has been engaged on this revision
from time to time, and has produced unq^uestionably iAe
most complete Itejerence Book /or the Cultivators of Fruit
ever issued.

Of Apples only he has over -150 pages of varieties. New
and better drawings and engiavings have also been made of
all the Fruit.

The complete work, including three Appendices, is
brought down to 1881, and forms one thick

8vo VOLUME OF OVER 1,250 PAGES.
Price, handsomely bound in full cloth, - - - 85.00.

Recommendation from Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,
President of the American Pomological Society :

Oentlemeii .'—I have received a copy from Mr. Charles
Downing of the second revised edition of the "Fruits and
Fruit Trees of America." Ir is the mnst coniprehen-
Bive of any similar work, in fact A COMPLETE ENCY-
CLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN POMOLOGY, brought down
to the present time. The original edition by his brother, the
late Andrew Jackson Downing, popular as it ever has been,
is made doubly interesting and useful by this revision, com-
prising the results of a b)ng life of critical observations.
As a work of reference it has no etjual, and deserves a place
in the Library of every Pomologistm America.— Marshall
P Wilder

Address, CHA8. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, PliUa.

30 FINEST VARIETIES. NO RUST OR MILDEW.

We offer extra tine plants <rrown in *2)^-in. pots at $2.50

per 100; $20.00 per " ...

guaranteed.

J. L.
tmyl2

Simplifies the art of Reckoning, and is worth its weight in
gold to every Farmer, Mechanic and Business man, especially
those not thoroughly versed in figures. Shows at a olance,
the CORRECT answer to nearly 100,000 husiness examples in
all kinds of grain. Stock, Hay, Co.al, Cotton, Merchiindise,
rNTERE.ST,Wages.SleasurementsofLuml.ier, Logs, Cisterns,
Tanks, Granaries, Wagon Beds, Corn Cribs. Cordwood, Hay,
Lands, Carpenters', Plasterers', Bricklayers' work, etc. It
also TEACHES entirely new, easy and practical RULES
for RAPID business calculations, which even a child can com-
prehend. It is neatly printed and bound, and is a READY
and LIGHTNING Calculator, Memorandum, perpetual Cal-
endar and Pocket-book combined, all for the price of a com-
mon diary in similar binding. 72 pages and 60 pages addition-
al of blank memorandum.

No. 1, Eng. Cloth, plain, with memorandam, S .50

No. 2, " with slate, pocket, flap and mem. .75

No. 3, Full Leather, " " " 1.00

No. 4, " Morocco, " " " 1.26

No. 5, " Russia, " " " 1.50

No. 6, " RussiaCalf," " " 2.00

Nos 3, 4, 5 and 6 have renewable diaries. Nos. 6 and 6
are gilded. Sent post paid, on receipt of price. Address,
CHA8. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowbrs in the Garden and the House; giving
dxTCCXions short, shar^ and decisive \ioyf to overcome every insect
enemy that infects flowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors.
which troubles window Gardens; which eats up the vegetables of
the garden; which devours the fruit trees, shrubs and vines, and
lives in the homes of anxious, tired housekeepers. Paper, 100 pages.
Price, 30 cents, postage free.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

1000. Packed light and satisfaction

DILLON, Florist,
B 1 oo msburg. Pa.

THE PEACH;

Its Ciiltnre anfl Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Elx-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

afl'ected by the ** bellows" and other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, iSil.OO. Paper, 60 cents.

Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., PhUa.

A NEW BOOK
NOW READY.

THE ROSE

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
istics, etc., of the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, $1.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES,

BY B. J. KENDALL, M. D.

With the real essential information relative to each disease. Will
save many times its cost. Gives cause, symptoms and best treat-
ment of diseases. Table with the doses, effects and antidotes of
principal medicines used, and a few pages on action and uses of
medicines. Rules for telling age of Horse and fine engraving show-
ing appearance of the teeth each year. A large collection of valu-
able recipes. Printed on fine paper 7\4x5 inches; nearly 100 pages,
36 engravings. Price, 25 cents. Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt
ofprice. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

Essay on Roses.

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

Paper, pp. 24. Illustrated. Price, 15 cents.

Mrs. Wellcome writes with enthusiasm, and from a
thorough knowledge, and a considerable experience. All
lovers of roses and all amateur horticulturists will tind the
little monograph inteiesting and suggestive."— £osion
Journal.

Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

Giving Description, History, Cultivation, Propagation, Dls-
eases. Ac.

Beautifully Illustrated.

276 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price 81.50. Sent by mail, post-paid
' ■ " ' :e. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

By Edward Spragues Rand, Jr.

Atreatiseon Hardy and Tender bulbs and Tubers. 369 pages, i2ino,

cloth. Price, Ja. 50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt o< price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

20

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BARRY'S -

Fruit Garden.

NEW EDITION,

KE\nSED AND BROUGHT DOWN TO DATE BT

P. BARRY.

Illustrated, pp. 516, fine cloth. Price,$2.50, mailed, post-
age free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnat Street, FUladelphla.

EMIT anowER's mum.

AN EASY GUIDE FOR THE

Raising ofFruitsfor Pleasure or Profit

BY R. H. HAINES.

Paper. 34 pp., Svo, price 30 cents; mailed post-paid onreceipt
of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Strbet, Phieji.

GARDENING FOR PROFIT.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the
MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

New and enlarged edition. Illustrated. 276 Pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price, 51-50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Fruit Growers' Hand-Book,

By F. K. Elliott author of " Western Fruit Growers* Guide"
(one ot the best posted men on the subject in the United States).
Contains the practice on all subjects connected with fruit growing.
The book is made for those who grow fruit for their own use Also
an Appendix , containing matter relating to the selection and culture
of Ornamental Trees, Roses, Plants, &c. Illustrated with 45 wood-
cuts, 130 pages, i6mo, cloth, $1 ; paper, 60 cts. Sent by mail
postpaid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

ffisl&arte of Paris

considered in relation to the wants of OTHER CITIES, and of
PUBLIC and PRIVATE GROUNDS.

By WM. ROBINSON.

SplendidlT and profusely illustrated, pp. 548. Octavo, fricj
f7.50. Mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. P'aROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AND OUT BUILDINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designs to suit every ta,ste andpocket-
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pott paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.

London Gardener's Chronicle

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers in the U.S. for
»6.36 per year. Apply to

CH AS . H . MAROT, Agent, 814 Chestnut St., PhiU.

SCOTT'S

'S

CURRENT EDITION.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
Tree Dealers, <fec., tor the United States. Alphabetically
arranged by States and Post Offices. 372 pages, B vo. Price,
SIO.O®. Mailed post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAKOT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

JUST PUBLJSHED.

The Sportsman's Gazetteer,

BY CHARLES HALLOCK.

New, Revised and Enlarged Edition.

This well-known volume, comprising 1,000 pages, passed
through six editions, and became the recognized authority
in both continents on matters pertaining to Field Sports.
It has now been revised under the personal supervision o^f
the author, who, since the appearance of the last edition,
has largely extended his knowledge of the subjects treated
by three years' travel over new portions of the United
States and Canadas, which have not hitherto been brought
to the immediate attention of sportsmen. This revised
edition contains entirely new matter in several depart-
ments, a newly engraved portrait of the author, new maps,
and many tine illustrations representing Game Birds, Game
Dogs, Game Fishes, etc., etc. Price, post-paid, 88.00.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

Bv Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

for the Amaieur and Pro/essionai Fiorist. Illustrated. 288 pages,
i2mo, cloth. Price, $1.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT.

014 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

• BY rKTER HENDERSON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Greenhouse, Conservatory and Window-Garden.
Illustrated. 250 Pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by
mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FARMING

WITH

ON PLUMCROVE FARM,

BY C. HARLAN, M.D.

269 pages, 12mo, cloth. Priceffl.OO. mailed, post-paid, on receipt
ofprice. Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Manual of AccideNts and Emergencies,

Or how to avoid accidents and what to do when they occur,
with notes on thf Preservation of Health. Compiled fortbe
ase of Teachers. Students, and the Industrial Classes,

Hy Oko. A. Orokf, M. D.,

of the University of Lowi.sburK, Pa. pp 92, 12 mo. boards,
price GO cents by mail post-paid.
Address, CHAS. U. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

21

SECOND-HAND BOOKS

BY MAIL ON RECEIPT OF PRICE.

SPEAK QUICKLY IF YOU WANT THEM.

Say in your order, " Second-Hand List."

AJlen's Domestic Animals

" Rural Architecture

Beet Root Sugar, Grant

Bicknell's Village Builder & Supplement, Fol. (plates)

Brackett's Farm Talk

Breck's New Book of Flowers

Bridgeman's American Kitcheo Gardener

Butler's Family Aquarium

Coles American Veterinarian

Coultas' Principles of Botany

Downing's Cottage Residences

" Landscape Gardening and Rural Archit. .

'* Rural Essays

Emmon's Agriculture of N. Y., 3 vols. 4to, plates, &t.
Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Gardener's Companion..

Fulton on Peach Culture

Grape Culture and the Strawberry, Buchanan

Green and Congdon's Botany, tiuarto. Ulustnated

Guide to the Orchard, Floy

Half-hours in the Green Lanes, Taylor, Illustrated

Harris on Injurious Insects, colored plates

Hayne's American Farrier

Hey's Mrs., Sylvan Musings, 23 col. plates, full calf....
Hoffey's N. A. Fomologist (Dr. Brinkle) 36 col. plates.

Quarto

Hooper's Western Fruit Book

Klippart's Land Drainage

Lee^s Mrs., Trees, Plants & Fl'rs, col. plates, full calf.
Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants & Flowers, col. plates, cloth.
Liebeg's Turners' Chemistry, 1394 pp., 8vo

S 75 1
1 00
1 001
650|

50l
1 451

50 1

50;

50'

50;

1 25
4 50
385
15 00

1 00

1 2.5
75
1 50
1 00
1 75
550
25
500

300
1 00
50
1 25
600
4 50
3 SO

Lyman's Cotton Culture

AfacDon,ald's Food from the Far West

Merrick's Strawberry Culturist

Mcintosh's Orchard, with colored plates

Minot's Land and Game Birds of New England, Bl'd..

New American Gardener

Paxtnn's Hort. Register, 2 vols, in one (18.11-1833)

Philadelphia Business Directory, l.'^84, Boy<l

Prince on the Vine

Prince's Pomological Manual

Randall's Sheep Husbandry

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Ganlen, cloth

" " " >^ tky, gilt edges

Riddell's Architect, folio, 14^2X173^ (col. plates)

Stewart's Stable Book

Studies, by J. A. Dorgan

Talpa, or Chronicles of a Clay Farm

Taylor's Bee Keepers Manuel, Illustrated

The Plant, a Biography, 5 col. plates and 13 wood eug's

Thompson's, The Food of Animals

Thomas' Fruit Culturist

Todd's How to Make Farming Pay

Turner's Cotton Planters Manual

Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler

Waring's Elements of Agriculture

William's Window Gardening

Woodruifs Trotting Horses of America

Young Angler Illustrjited

81 10

2 00
50

3 00
2 60

75
1 00
75
75
75

1 26
225

2 60
10 00

1 25
75
76

1 50
260

75
175

2 00
1 10
1 60

75

1 25

2 00
76

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CHAS. H. MAROT,

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PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

Book for Beginners with the Microscope, Phin, boartls, fully Illustrated

Cements ana Glue, Phin, stiff covers

Chemical Historj- of the Six Days of Creation, Phin, 12mo, cloth

Common Objects for the Microscope, Wood, 400 Illustrations, 12 colored plates.

Diatoms, A. Mead Edwards, 12mOj cloth

Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements, Brown, Eleventh Edition.

I .30
.86
.76
.60
.76

1.00

How to Use the Microscope, Phin. 86 Engravings, tinted paper, 12mo 1.00

Lectures in a Workshop. Pemberton, 13mo, cloth 1.00

S.76
.60

76

Microscope and Its Revelations, Carpenter, pp. 882, cloth, 26 plates, 500 Engravings.
Microscopical Ex.ainination of Drinking Water, McDon.ald, Svo, cloth, 24 plates

One Thousand Objects for the Microscope, Cooke, 12 plates, 500 figures, 12mo, boards

Ponds and Ditches, M. C. Cooke, r2mo, cloth ,o

Section Cutting? To Prepare .and Mount Sections for Microscope, Marsh, 12mo, cloth '. . .'76

Shooting on the Wini

Steel Square .and Its „ , _.„

Wood Engraving, Instruction in the Art, Fuller, fully Illustrated
Mailed, post free, on receipt of price.

mg, by an Old Gamekeeper, 12mo, cloth
ts Uses, Hodgson, cloth

.76
.76
.30

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

The Scientific Angierj

Being a general and instructive work on Artistic Angling.
By the late David Foster.

Containing the habits and haunts of flsh, bottom fishing
(general), pike fishing, spinning for trout, worm fishing for
tront, grub fishing for grayling, piscatorial entomology, on
fly making, Hy fishing for trout and grayling, live fly and
beetle fishmg, notes on the month tor fly fishing, salmon
and sea trout fishing, about hooks.

Pp. '247. Illustrated. Cloth, r2mo. Price, post-paid, $1.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PR ACTlCAlT HINTS

Ou the selection and use of the

MICROSCOPE,

Intended for begioners, by John Phin,
Editor of the Am Journal of Microscopy. Fourth and en-
larged edition. Profusely illustrated; 240 pp.. 12mo, cloth.
Price, 81.00. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Addresa,
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I

By JOHN MORTIMER MURPHY,

Author of Sp&i'ting Adventures in the Far West^ Rambles in.
Northivest America, The Zoology and Resources of Ore-
gon and Washingto7i Territory. A Search for the
Mountain of Gold, Tfie Forester of the Ardennes^
Adventures iyi the Wilds of Florida, etc., etc.
Handsomely Illustrated. 347 pages. 12mo. Cloth. Tinted
Paper. Price, ?2.0l^ by mail, post paid. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Pliila,.

ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

Tte BEST METHODS EMPLOYED In ENGLAND and FRANCE.

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboeufs Essay on Asparagus, .
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted. >
for its improvement. Illustrated with wood outs. New.
edition. 84 pages. 50 cents by mail on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. iLAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

22

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

C/\GT/^GEOUS PLANTS

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Koyal Gardens, Kew.
12 mo. cloth. 03 pages with numerous illustrations. Price,
50 cents ; by mail, prepaid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

■^TEACHING^

AND SELF-TEACHING BY

NATURAL METHODS.

cts

The New Botany, by Prof. Beal, paper, Price 25

Industrial Education in tlie Public Schools, by Prof.

Straight, paper 15

How to Use Wood-Working Tools, by Geo. Leonard

Chaney, cloth 60

GUIDES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING.
Published under the Auspices of Boston Society of

Natural History.
No. I— About Pebbles, by Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, paper 15
11— Concerning a Few Common Plants, by Prof.

Goodale, paper 25

m — Commercial and other Sponges, by Prof. A.

Hyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

IV— First Lesson in Natural History, by Mrs. Eliza-
beth Agassiz, Illustrated, paper 35

V — Common Hvdroids, Corals and Echinoderms, by

Prof. A. Hyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

VI — Mollusca; Oyster, Clam and other Common

Mollusks, by Prof. A. Hyatt paper. 111 35

Vn— Worms and Crustacea, by Prof. A. Hyatt, Illus-
trated, paper 35

Xn— Common Minerals and Rocks, by Prof. W. O.

Crosby, paper 35

Any of above mailed post paid on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., PhUa.

The Forester.

BY JAMES BROWN, LL.D.,

Inspector and Reporter; Woods and Forests, Ontario. A
Practical Treatise on the Planting, R^^aring and General
Management of Forest Trees. 5th Edition, Enlarged and
Improved. Profusely Dlnstrated, Royal 8vo, J^ Roan, pp.
898. Price, flO.OO, by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Hand-book of Useful Tables

For the Lumberman, Farmer and Mechanic, containing ac-
curate tables of logs reduced to inch board measure, plank,
scantling and timber measure ; wages and rent by week or
month ; capacity of granaries, bins and cisterns ; land
measures; interest tables, with direction for finding the
interest on any sum at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 per cent, and many
other useful tables. Revised and enlarged edition, 182 pp.,
25 cents. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price. Address
CHAS. H: MAROT. 814 tJhestnut St., Phila.

The Orchids of New England.

A Popular Monograph, By Henry Baldwin.

Octavo, 157 pages, 62 Illustrations, fine English cloth. Price
S2..50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO RAISE FRUIT

By THOMAS GREGG.

A Hand-book of Fruit Culture, being a Guide to the proper Cul-
tivation and Management ot Fruit Trees, and of Grapes and small
Fruits. 184 pages, i2mo, cloth, fully Mlustrated. Price, $1.00. Sent
by mail post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phll«.

Select [xtra-Tfopical Plants.

Readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalization,
with indications of their native countries, and some ot
their uses, by Baron Fcrd. Von Mueller, K. C, M. G., M. D.,
Ph. D., F. R. S., rrovernment Botanist of Australia ; Hon-
orary or Correspoinling Member of Scientific Societies and
Academies in I'hiladelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco,
Chicago, Kingston, Mexico, Caracas, Buenos Ayres.

The question of tree culture is one to which the people of
this country must, before the lapse of many years, of neces-
sity give their attention. In Baron von Mueller's book the
trees and plants not indigenous to this country, but capable
of cultivation here, are given, with such descrijttion of them
and of the particular sections to which they are adapted, as
makes it an indispensable work to those interested in im-
proving our native floral wealth. American edition, revised
and enlarged. 450 pages. Octavo. Cloth. Price, S3.00; mailed,
post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

NortliAiiiericaiSylya

6 vols., 156 colored plates, in 30 parts:

In parts, unbound 860 00

" Halt Turkey Morocco, antique gilt 70 CO

" Full " " " 75 00

" Cloth, gilt top 65 00

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

THE FARMEB'S ACCfllT BOOT,

A Complete System of Book-Keeping for
Farmers^ Planters, and Gardeners*

BY A. L. CAMPFIELD.

Everyone should keep a strictaccouotof all business transactions,
and thereby save much trouble that comes of neglect. This is a
plain, practical system of book-keeping, easily understood, and
especially adapted to the wantsof the Farmer. Full instructions in
each book Can be carried in an ordinary pocket; i8o pages,
bound in sheep-skin. Price 75 cents. Mailed postage free on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to aiford Information concerning the Planting
and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit ; and giving
Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and Conditions
of the United States.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, PH.D.,

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

Large 12mo, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, $2.00. Will
be sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT, 81* Chegtnnt St., PhlU

n

Together with Complete Plans and Specifications. Over
100 Engravings of Desig^ns and Plans of Cottages and
Country Houses, costing from $200 to $5,000. By S. B. Kkkd,
Architect, Author of " Hou.so Plans for Everyboily." Cloth.
12 mo, mailed, post-paid, for 81.25. Address,

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YOUR PLANTS

BY JAME.S SUEKUAN.

PLAIN and PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS for the TREAT-
MENT of TENDER and HARDY PLANTS in the

HOXTSE TVND CrA.RXSEN.

12mo, paper, 79 pages. Price, mailed, post-paid, 40 contij.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut .Street, Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

ICONOGRAPHY

indian"azalea8,

Containing plates and descriptions of some of the best old
and new varieties,

BY AUGUST VAN OEERT,

With the assistance of the principal Horticulturists and
Amateurs, and translated by Th. Moore, Jr.

This splendidly illustrated work should be in the hands of
every practical gardener and lover of plants.

To nurser>Tnen and florists it is a valuable vade viecum to
resort to. I'lie plates will prove most useful in the office
and will no doubt help and increase the sale of this popular
class of plants.

The amateur will find it an interesting book to consult for
the formation of bis collection. Besides it is a splendid
volume for the library or drawing room.

Quarto, thirty-six splendid colored plates and 81 pp. text.
Price $7.50, mailed post free. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

BACK VOLUMES

OF THE
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Can still be had in numbers, per year - - - - J2 05

Bound in neat cloth cases, including numbers, - - - 2 70

" >$ Roan, " " - - - 300

Cloth cases alone, mailed for ------- 60

Dtiivertd posiag€ frte .
Or mail us your own numbers, and have them bound in cloth cases
for 90 cents. Returned to you bound, postage free.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

HOW TO HUNT AND TRAP.

By |. B. Batty, Hunter and Taxidermist.

Con' aining full instructions for hunting the Buffalo, Elk, MoosC'
Deei , Antelope, Bear, Fox, Grouse, Quail, Geese, Ducks, Wood-
cock, Snipe, etc.. etc. Also, the localities where game abounds-
In trapping, tells you all about steel traps; how to make home-
made traps, and how to irap the Bear. Wolf, Wolverine, Fox, Lynx,
Badger, Otter, Beaver, Fisner, Martin, Mink, etc.. Birds of Prey
poisoning carnivorous animals, with ^11 directions for preparing
pelts for market, etc. Fully illustrated. 223 pages, ismo cloth.
Price ^1.50. Sent post-paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMATEUR'S ROSE BOOK.

By ShIBLBY HlBBERD.

Comprising the cuUiTation of the Rose In the open ground
and under glass ; the formation of the Konarium ; the charac*
ters of Wild and Garden Roses; the preparation of the flowers
for exhibition ; the raising of new varieties; and the work of
the Rose Garden in every season of the year. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages cloth, 12mo.
Price $3.00. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. PhUa.

(OUT OF PRINT.)

A few more copies left at 50 cents. Mailed, post paid on
receipt of price.

CHAS, H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HAl-BOOK OF PLANTS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet oomprehensive Dictionary of Plants*
Asa book of reference It will take the place for all practical
purposes, of the expensive and voluminous European
works of this kind. Has been written with special view to
the wants of the climate of thn United States, both in
Qiatt*trs of propagation and culture. iDstructions for cul-
ture of many important plants, such aa the Rose, have been
given at length. Scope of work embraces botanical name,
derivation, Linniean and natural orders of all leading
genera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
time. All important species and varieties with brief in-
structions for propagation and culture. A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or common
names. Arrangement ol book is alphabetical, and any
plant can be quickly referred to under scientific or com-
mon name. Index is added where important plants or
modes of culture can be referred to at once. Also compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical terms, with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fine
paper, handsomely bound in cloth. Sent by mail, postage paid,
on receiptof price, $3.00. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Orchid Grower's Manual

BY BBNJ. F. WILLIAMS, F. R. H. S.

Containing descriptions of 030 Species and Varieties o*
Orchidaceous Plants with notices of times of flowcHngt
approved modes of treatment and practical instructions on general
culture. Remarks on heat, moisture, soil, seasons of growth and
rest suited to the several species.

FIFTH EDITION ENLARGED WITH COLORED FRONTISPIECE,
and numerous beautiftd illustrations, 336 PACES l2inO
CLOTH. Price, S3*50* Sent by mall, postage free, onr^
ceipt of price.

Address. C. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

Chiefly such as are Caused by Fungi, by Washington G.
Smith, F.L.S., M.A.I. Member of the Scientific Commit-
tee of the Royal Horticultural Society. 143 Dlustrations
drawn and engraved by the author. 16 mo, 353 pages, eloth,
price 81.50, by mail post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

TheCHEMISTRfoftheFARM

BY. R. WARINGTON, P. C. S.

A most valuable Work, which should be in the Hands of
Fanners, Gardeners ana Tillers of the soil generally. It
presents the relations of Chemistry to Agriculture in amos.
popular manner. 12mo, cloth. Price, post-paid, 91.00.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division 3. — Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript'
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
type. Price, 97 00, mailed post-paid on receiptof price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUad'a

24

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

The Sugar Beet. 'WATERMAN'S "IDEAL"

Including a History of the Beet Root Sugar Industry of
Europe. Varieties of the Sugar Beet, Examination,
Soils, Tillage. Seeds and Sowing, Yield and Cost of
Cultivation, Harvesting, Transportation, Con-
servation, Feeding Qualities of the Beet
and of the Pulp, Etc., Etc , Etc.

BY LEWIS S. WAHE, C.E., M.E.,

Fellow of L'Ecole des Arts, Agriculture et Manufactures,
Paris ; member of American Chemical Society. In ono
volume, octavo ; illustrated by 90 engravings. Price, S4.00
by mail, postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BEET ROOT SUGAR

ANI> CUI.TIVAT10N OF THE BEET,

BY E. B. GRANT.

Including the Sugar supply of the U. S., History of Beet Root
Sugar, Supply of Beets, Cultivation, Cost of Beet Root Sugar in
France, Production in various Countries, Advantages, Method of
Raising, Harvesting, Preservation of Beets, Seed, Manures, Ro-
tation oi Crops, Beet Pulp, Leaves of Beets, Profits, etc. i6 mo.,
cloth, pp., 158 Price, J1.2S. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa

HINTS FOR PAINTERS,

Decorators and Paper-Hangers.

being a selection of useful rules, data, memoranda, methods
and suggestions of house, ship and furniture painting, paper-
hanging, gilding, color mixing, and other matters useful and
instructive to painters and decorators. Prepared with
special reference to the wants of Amateurs,

BY AN OLD HAND.
60 pages paper, mailed post paid for 25c. on receipt of price.
Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

Tfuck Farming at the South

A Guide to the Raising of Vegetables lor Northern Markets.

BY DR. A. OEMLER,

Prest. of Chatham Co., Georgia, Fruit and Vegetable
Growers Association. Illustrated. 12 mo., cloth, pp. 270.
Price 81.50. Mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HAVE YOU YET SECURED A

PHOTOGRAPH

OF THE

ORIGINAL SECKEL PEAR TREE?

150 TO 200 TEARS OLD AN1> STILL STANDINGI

J^end for one and have something more than a mere tra-
dition. They are mounted on card board, SxlOinches, and
will be securely mailed for 50 cents. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

PRACTICAL LESSONS IN

Architectural Drawing ;

Or, HOW TO MAKE THE WORKING DRAWINGS AND WRITE
SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDINGS.

BY WILLIAM B TUTIIILL, A.M., Akciiitkct.

Illustrated by 8:i full page plates (one in colors) and ."iS
wood cuts, showing Methods of Construction and Representa-
tion, Scale Drawings, Sections and Details of Frame, Brick and
Stone Buildings, with lull descriptions and specifications, show-
ing the varKjus lornis ol writing llii; «anic tor dilfercnt
kinds of buildings. Oblong quarto cloth. Price, 82.60, by
mail, post free. Address,

CHAS. II. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. Phila.

FOUNTAIN PEN,

The flow of ink is regulated automatically by
tlip art of writing, and is as free as from a freshly
ilippi'd pen and much more even. Records ana
Icttt-rs written with this pen have a uniform color
of ink on every page.

It is the sinlplest, cleanest, readiest and most
easily managed of all the fountain pens.

There are no air-valves or other machinery, and
consequently nothing to get out of order or to be
adjusted or regulated.

When the cap is removed it is ready to write,
and when the writing is done the cap can he re-
placed and the pen is ready for the pocket.

It writes, according to the size of the holder,
from 10 to 25 hours continuously, with one filling;
and any desired kind, color or quality of ink can
be used.

It uses gold or steel pens of the ordinary forms,
and your favorite pen can be fitted.

The pens in tile holders are always wet with
ink, and steel pens are continually rusting or cor-
roding and soon spoil and need to be renewed
whether they have been used or not; and they
always cause more or less decomposition of the
ink. A gold pen never rusts nor does it corrode
tlie ink. It is always the same favorite pen every
dav in the year.

The hard rubber being incorrodible, with a gold
pen there is nothing that can be injured by the
ink, and unless unnecessarily injured they will
last a lifetime. They can be filled and left for
months without being used, and when opened the
ink will flow as readily as if just filled.

We have holders for gold pens of numbers 3 to
8 inclusive, and for the common steel pen : also,
an assortmetit fitted with gold pens ready for use.
PRICES OF HOLDERS WITH GOLD PENS
No. 1— The "Ladies"* size is the smallest, and is
i\4 inches long and 5-16 of an inch in diameter.
It takes a No. 3 or 4 gold pen. Price, S3.50.
No. 2— The ''Gentlemen's" size is 5 inclies long
and % of an inch in diameter. It takes a No.
4 or 5 gold pen. It is the most popular and
convenient pocket size. Price, according to
pen. 33.50 or S4.00.
No. 3— The "Meilium'* size is 4}-^ inches lon^and
7-lG of :in inch in diameter. It takes a No. 6
or 7 gold pen. Price, $5.00.
No. 4— The "Long" size is GJ^ inches long and
7-\Ci of an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 6
or 7 gold pen. Price, $5.50.
No. 5— The "Large" size is 4K inches long and 3^
an inch in diameter. It takes a No. 7 or 8 gold
,.cu. Price, 86.00.
No. 6 — The "Mammoth" size is 6% inches long and 3^ an
inch in diameter. It takes a No. 7 or 8 gold pen. Price,
S6.50.
Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are long tapering "Desk" holders ol
same sizes and prices as Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5 respectively.

PRICES OF HOLDERS WITHOUT FENS.

Nos. land 7 S2 25

Nos. 2 and 8 2 50

Nos.3and9 2 75

Nos. 4 and 10 3 00

No. 5 3 25

No. 6 3 50

The length given is with the pen ready for the pocket;
with the cap on top of holder it is from 1 to 2 inches longer.

The prices given are for well-finished 14 carat gold pens
of the smallest size suited to the holder ; 16 carat gold pens,
or pens of the larger sizes, cost from 50 cents to SI. 00 more.
The K.i rarat pons arc of extra finish as well as quality and
are well worth the ilillcn-noe in price. The gnlil-mounted
holders rust from ;'>() cents to SI. 00 more, according to style.

Silk and Plush lined morocco-covered cases for Nos. 1
and 2 are furnished for .50 cents extra.

In ordering holders it is better to send a sample steel pen
or the gold pen to be fitted.

In ordering holders with gold pons complete and ready
for use, send a sample of writing and a description of the
quality of pen desired ; that is, whether the pen should be
a long or short nib, of coarse or fine point and of hard or
soft flexibility.

A cfriiticaU' may be had with each pen, which warrants

tlu' goM ])cns and holders for five (5) years, and guarantees

both combined as a fountain pen, to give satisfaction on

thirty days' trhU or the money will be returned. Address,

CHAS. II. MAHOT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

pen.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

25

""•T.ANP BREAD. POCKET MAGNIFIERS.

A Natural an<l Scientific Diet.

BY GUSTAV SCHLICKEVSEN.

Translatedfrom the German by M. L. Holbrook, M. D. Intended
to show what is the natural food of man ; to lead him to become a
living child of nature ; to simplify and beautify his manner of living;
to emancipate woman from the drudgery- of the kitchen; to lead to
increased use of fruil; to diminish the use of flesh, and where
possible, to do away with its use altogether; to improve the health
smd add to the enjoyments and value of life. Cloth, 250 pages; 13
mo, illustrated. Price, |i. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. PhUa

HOW TO PAINT.

A New Work b; • Practical Painter, desi^
ed for the ase of Tradesmen, niecbanlcB,
nerctaants. Farmers, and MaQolde to Pro-
resdonal Painters. Containing a Plain Com
mon-SeQ8e Statement of the Methods employed by
Painters to produce satisfactory resnlts In Plain
and Fancy Palntlns of every description, liiclnd
Ing Form alas for IQIxlntc Paint In Oil or
Water, Tools required, etc. This 1« Jnst the Book
needed by any person having anything to paint, and
makes

"Every Mar His Own Painter.'

Fnll Directions for JslngXW^bite Lead-Lamp-
Blacli— Green -Yellonr — Brown— Tl'hit-
Ins — Glne- Pnmice Stone — Spirits of
Torpeutine — Oils — Tarnlslies — Furni-
ture Varuisli — mik Paint — Preparing
Kalsomine, etc.

Paint for Outbuildings

— Whiteirash— Paste for Paper-Hanging;—
Haneins Paper-Graining In Oak, maple.
Rosewood, Black Walnut — Staining—
Decalcomania— makiuK Rustic Pictures

— Painting Floiver-Stands — Rosewood
Polisli — Varnisbing; Furniture— Wax-
ing Pnrnlture— Cleaning Paint- Qj

Paint for Farming Tools

-Jbr niacblnery— Housebold Fixtures, etc

To Paint a Farm Wagon

—to Re-VarnlMh a Carriage — to make Plas-
ter Casts, The work Is neatly printed, with iUas*
trations wherever they can serve to make the eabject
plainer, and It will save many times Its cost
fearly. Every family should possess a copy. Price
BJ maU, post-paid, $1-

CHARLES H. MAROT,

614 Cliestnat St., Philadelphia, Pa

WINDOW FLOWER GARDEN.

By Julius J. Heintich.

Handsomely illustrated. This work endeavors by a few simple
directions for the management of plants and flowers in the window
or conservatory, to show to all members of the family, and especial-
ly the children, that the cultivation of flowers is not difficult, and
brings more real enjoyment than many more expensive amusements.

It is intended for all, including children, excluding technical terms
as far as possible, and giving the most simple directions. 93 pp,,ia
mo, cloth 75c. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt 01 price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila

No. 3014. Price, 80 cents.
HARD RUBBER CASES AND FRAMES.

No. 3010 1 dbl convex lens, oval shape, ?^in. d

8011 1

3012 1

3012J^— 1

3013 1

30131^—1

3014 2

3014^—2

3015 2

30151^—2

3016 1

8017 1

3019 2

3020 2

3022 3

3023 3

3024 2

3024X— 3
302.f

1
17-16

r^

(see cut)" %&.\

" i&iy.

" li<i&lK

" IK AIM

bellows shape, %

" H* °

.30

.40

.60

.75

.90

1.25

.80

1.00

1.25

1.50

.40

.50

.65

.90

.90

1.25

1.00

1.25

&

" X to ^
diaphragrm case %&.%
^' ?^toJ^
Hard rubber case, 1 lens, %\n. diam., of high
power at one end, and 1 lens, ^in. diam., of

medium power at other end 1.25

Order them by numbers. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price. Address, CUAS. H. MAKOT,

814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

THE SCHOOL GARDEN

BY DR. SCHWAB, DIRECTOR OF THE VIENNA GVMNASUfM, ETC.
FROM THE GERMAN BV MRS. HORACE MANN.

Advocating education by labor as well as by study, not as a task
but as a delight. Adapting the kindergarten principle to older
children. In France and Sweden it is no longer an experiment.
School gardens in city and town are destine! to be a great educa-
tional force in America. This book, full of spiritandenthusiasm,will
materially hasten the day. Price by mail, 50 cts. each. By express,
5 copies lor J2.00, 12 copies for J4 00. Sent on receiot of orice.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

HOW TO LAY OUT A GARDEN.

By Edward Kemp.

A general guide in Choosing, Forming and Improving au Es-
tate (from a quarter-acre to a hundred acres iu extent 1, with
reference to both design and execuiiou. Illustrated with nu-
merous plans, sections and sketches. 40.3 pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price S2..5U. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.
Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE BLESSED BEES.

BY JOHN ALLEN.

A record of a year's work in Bee-keeping by modern methoda
its profits certain and large, and Its oleasures invaluable. In-
tended to diffuse a more general knowledge of Bee-culture.
169 pages, 12 mo. cloth, limp. Price, $1. Mailed postage free,
on receipt of price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

26

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

INSECT LIVES ; or, Born in Prison,

BV JULIA P. BALLARD.

A practical book for the Children, tending to interest
them in Natural History through this attractive branch of
it. This book answers in a natural manner the queries :
How shall we interest children ? How shall we most inter-
est them ? How shall we best interest tliem. 07 pp., square
12mo, cloth, profusely and handsomely illustrated. Price,
Sl.OO, by mail, post-paid. A<hiress,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOUSE PLANS FOR EVERYBODY,

FOR VILLAGE AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES, COSTING

FROM S250 TO S8,000.

By S. B. REED, ARCHITECT.

Including full descriptions, and estimate in detail of matenal, labor,
cost, with many practical suggestions, and 175 illustrations; 243
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50 mailed, post-paid on receipt of
Price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.SUChestnutSt., Phila.

DENNISONS

- CHEAP AND REUABL

PATENT
SHIPPING TAGS

FORSAIEAT THIS OEE/C£.

Name of size.

Length.

IP.

3 In.

2 P.

3X "

3 P.

4 "

4 P.

*% ••

€ P.

6 "

6 P.

BX "

^ P,

6 "

8 P.

6H "

Width.

'M '"'

VA ••
254"
2H"
2K"
3 "
3%"

Per 1000
$1.00
1.16
1.30
1.60
1.90
2.30
2.66
3.00

With Strings 50 cents per 1000 extra. Printing 81.00 perlOM
extra. Order by numbers.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia

THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

BY JAMES HOGG.

A complete guide to the cultivation of Vegetables, containing
thorough instructions for Sowing, Planting and Cultivating all kinds
of Vegetables ; with plain directions for preparing, manuring and
tilling the soil to suit each plant; including also a summary of the
work to be done in a vegetable garden during each month of the
year. 137 pages, i6mo, cloth. Illustrated. Price 50 cents; sent
oy mail, post>paid, on receipt of price.

Adcfress. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

By Shirley Hibberd.
A handy guide to the construction and management of plant
houaes and the selection, cultivation and improvement of orna-
meotal greenhouse and conservatory plants. Illustrated witb
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages, cloth. 12mo.
Price 83.00. Sent by mall postpaid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 8J4 Chestnut St-.PhUa.

PEAlTcULTURrFOR PROFITT"

BV P. T. QUINN.

A practical Horticulturist, and author of "Money in the
G»rden."

Containing practical method of raising Pears Intelligently
and with best results : character of soil^ best mode of preparing
It; best varieties to select under exIstinK conditions; test mode
of planting, pruning, fertilizing, grafting, and utilizing the
^ound berore the trees come into bearing, and finally gathering
and packing for market Hlustrated with practical cuts on
pruning and grafting, distance table and orchard record. 136
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, 91. Sent by mail, post-paid, on re-
oeipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut Street, PblU.

A NEW BOOK.

HORSES:

THEIR FEED

THEIR FEET.

A manual of Horse Hygiene, invaluable for
the veteran or the novice, pointing out the
causes of "malaria," "glanders," "pink eye,"
"distemper," etc., and how to prevent and
tounteract them, by C. E. Page, M.D., with a
treatise and notes on shoeing by Sir George
Cox and Col. M. C. Weld. 150 pages i2mo,
paper, 50 cents, extra cloth, 75 cents.
Mailed on receipt of price Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut St., PhUa.

F

AND THE GAME
WATER BIRDS

Of the Atlantic Coast and the Lakes of the United States.
By Robert Barnwell Roosevelt, With a full account of
the sporting along our seashores and inland waters and
remarks on breech loaders and hammerless guns. lUua-
trated and with a portrait of the author. Cloth, 12 mo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of S2.00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO MANAGE BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS.

By Edmund Wriglky.
Being a Director's Guide and Secretary's Assistant, with forma
for Keeping Books and Accounts, also niles, examples and explana-
tions iUustniting the various plans of working, an pages, lamo,
clotix. Price, f 3.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Benjamin S. Williams, F.R.H.S.
Comprising descriptions of 950 choice species and varieties, Brit-
ish and Exotic, with directions for their management in the Tropical,
Temperate and Hardy Fernery, with numerous beautiful full-page
illustrations. 353 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, ^3.60, Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H, MAROT

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL 'ADVERTISER.

27

CInUB PAPSRS ^ NXST PRICES

49- SUBJECT TO ANY CHANGES OF RATE THAT MAY BE ANNOUNCED BY THE RESPECTIVE PUBLISHERS. -««

TO REMIT IN CLUBBING

If you desire to club the GARDENERS' MONTHLY In this list add SI. 75 for it.

AU the Year Round S3 90

American Agriculturist 1 10

" " i Cyclopaedia pr. 1 .50

" Architect, new SI. 40... renew. 1 60
" Dairyman, new S1.2o,renewal3 1 .50

" Farmer 90

" Garden and Seed Premium . . 8.5
** Journal ot Science tfe Art. .. . 5 2.5

" Machinist 2 30

" Naturalist, new 3.45; renewals 3 60

" Poultry Journal A Record 85

" Teacher 90

" Journal of Philology 2.30

Andover Review 2 60

Andrews' Bazar 90

Archives of Medicine 2 .50

Art .\mateur 3 25

Art Interchange 2 60

Arthur's Home Magazine 1 60

Atlantic Monthly 3 .3.5

Babyhood 1 25

Babyland 45

Bee Keepers' Magazine 90

Blackwood's Magazine, Reprint. .. 3 00
BoetonMed. Journal, advance only 4 25

" Weekly Globe 90

Botanical Gazette 95

Brain, The (quarterly) 3 15

Brainard's Musical World 125

British Quar. Review, reprint 3 00

Builderand Woodworker, new 75

" " renewa 90

Canadian Science Monthly 90

Cassell's Family Magazine 1 35

Fortnightly Review, original $7 00

" " reprint 4 .50

Frank Leslie's Budget, monthly. .. 1 75

•• Illustrated Weekly. ... 3 40

*' '* Chatterl)ox. annu'ly .. 80

** " Chimney Corner 3 40

" " Illustrite Zeitung 3 40

" " Popular Monthly 2 25

" " Pleasant H'rs, niont'Iy 1 35

" " Sunday Magazine 2 25

Gardening World, lionuon 2 65

Friends' Intelligencer 2 35

Gems of Poetry 50

Germ'ut'nTeleg'ph,ren'w81.6.5new 1 40

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00

Godey's Ladv Book 1 75

Golden Days 2 .50

Good Words 2 25

Graphic (Daily), per year 9 2.5

" " " 6 mos 5 '2.5

" " " 3 mos 2 75

(Weekly) 2 00

Green's Fruit Grower 30

Guardian, The, new $2..50. . .renew. 2 80

Hall's Journal of Health 90

Harper's Bazar 3 40

** Magazine 3 20

" Weekly 3 40

" Young People 1 75

Herald of Health 80

Home Companion 35

Household 85

Humboldt Library of Science 1 25

Illustrated Christian Weekly 2 25

Caterer, The, 1 75 1 Illustrated London News 8 75

Carpentry and Building 80

Century, The 3 65

Children's Friend 1 10

Christian Register, new 82.25. ren'w 2 95
Christian Union, new S2.i5; renew. 2 75

Colman's Rural World 1 35

Constitution.Atlanta, 6mo. 60c, Ijrr 1 15

Contemporary Review, original ... 7 00

*' '■ reprint ... 4 50

Country Gentleman, advance 2 10

Criterion, The 1 60

Current, The 3 10

Decorator and Furnisher 3 25

Demorest Magazine 1 70

Descriptive American 4 .50

Detroit Free Press, Weekly I 00

Deutsches Garten-Magazin 2 .50

Druggists' Circular 140

Eclectic Magazine 4 2-5

Edinburg Review, original 3 30

" " reprint 3 00

Education, Bi-monthly 3 75

Ehrich's Fashion Quarterly .50

Electrical Review 2 50

Empire State Agriculturalist 40

English Illustrated Magazine 1 .50

" Monthly Reviews, single. . 4 .50
" " '• the three 12 00

" Quarterly " single 3 00

•' '■ " the five.. 13 00

Engineering & Mining Journal.... 3 25

Farm and Fireside 50

Farm and Garden 3.5

Farm and Home 40

Farm Journal, Phila. subs. 42c;other8 30

Farmer's Home Journal 1 25

Farmer's Magazine 35

Farm, Field and Fireside 75

Fireside Comp.A Seaside Library. 2 65

Folio (Musical) 1 25

Forest and Stream 3 25

Forestry (London) 2 90

Independ't Practitioner (Medic'l), 2 60

Indiana Farmer 1 25

Interior, new subs., 81 90. renewals 2 35

Inter Ocean, weekly 95

" " semi-weekly 2 30

'* " daily, inclutling Sunday I (W
Iron Age, weekly, new subs. only. 4 00

Iron Trade Review 2 25

Journal of Anatomy (quarterly).. . 5 40

Journal of E<iucation, weekly 2 .35

Journal of Materia Medica 70

Journal of Mycology 1 00

Journal of Speculative Philosophy 2 50

Kansas Farmer 1 15

Ladies Floral Cabinet 1 ft5

La Semaine Francaise 4 30

Le Francais 1 7.5

Library Journal 3 60

Lippincott's Magazine 2 40

Literary World, new81.75;renew.. 1 90

Littell's Living Age 7 25

Little Folks 1 30

London Garden 5 50

London Gardener's Chronicle 6 35

London Gardener's Magazine 3 75

Ijonrton Gardening, Illustrated 1 80

London Journal ot Horticulture.. 4 25

London Quart'ly Review, original. 3 30

reprint.. 3 1)0

Macmillan's Mag,aziiie 2 75

Magazine of American History... 4 25

Magazine of Art 3 00

Manufacturer and Builder 1 25

Maryland Farmer 8.5

Mechanics 2 25

Medical Annals 80

Methodist, The 1 75

Nation, The 2 80

Nature (weekly) 5 40

New Engl'd Farmer, advance only 2 15
New York Sun, weekly 95

New York Evening Post, daily.... 88 30
" " " " semi-w'kly. 2 80

'* '' Fashion Bazar, monthly.. 2 40

" " Herald, weekly 100

" " Independent, peryr. only. 2 75
" *' Medical Journal, weekly.. 4 25
" *' Observer, new 82.25, renew 3 15

" " Times, weekly 1 00

" " Times, semi- weekly 2 35

" " Tribune, weekly 1 10

" " Tribune, semi-weekly 2 10

" •' Witness, weekly 95

" " World, weekly I 00

Nineteenth Century, original 7 08

" " reprint 4 50

Notes and Queries, London 5 75

North American Review 4 25

Ohio Farmer, 6 mos. 80c 1 year 1 20

Orchid Album 15 CO

Our Little Men and Women 80

OurLittle Ones* The Nursery 1 30

Outing and the Wheelman 1 70

Pacific Rural Press, in advance... 2 50

Pansy 80

Peterson's Magazine 1 60

Philad'a Weekly Press 90

WeeklyTimes 135

Daily " 5 25

Sunday " 1 60

" MedicalTimes 3 25

Phrenolog'l Jr'nl, pr. 81.85; no pr. . 1 65

Popular Science Monthly 4 20

Popular Science News 90

Poultry Bulletin 95

Poultry Keeper 50

Poultry World 90

Poultry Y'ard 1 10

Practical Farmer 1 20

Practitioner, The 3 25

Prairie Farmer 1 60

Presbyterian, in advance only 2 15

Progress 2 25

Public Herald 30

Puck 4 25

Purdy's Fruit Rec'r.prem. 80c.no pr, 65

Quarterly Elocutionist 90

Quiver 1 35

Reporter, (Law) 9 50

Rural Californian 1 25

RuralNew Yorker, <fc Seed Prem.. 1 95

** " *' no Premium 1 85

Sabbath Reading 50

Saint Nicholas 2 70

Sanitary Engineer 3 80

Saturday Evening Post 1 40

Science 4 70

Science Record 90

Scientific American 2 75

*' " Supplement 4 20

" " &Supt. together... 6 00

Shorthand Writer & Takigrapher 1 25

Southern Cultivator 1 20

Student 90

.Sunday Magazine 2 25

Toledo Blade, Weekly 1 00

Torrey Botanical Bulletin 95

Trade Review 2 50

U. S. Official Postal Guide 130

Vick's Illust'd Monthly Magazine. 90

Watchman new 82 25; renew 2 50

Western Agriculturist 75

Western Machinist 60

Western Rural 1 S5

Westminster Review (reprint).... 3 00

Wide Awake 2 50

Youth's Companion 1 75

Report non-receipt of club papers or changes of residence, only to the Publisher of said paper to insure attention.

Remit by P. O. Order, Draft or Registered Letter. Make Drafts and Checks payable on Middle States, New England
or Baltimore. On Banks west and south of these points, add 25 cts. to each check, to refund actual cost of col-
lection charged bv depo.sit banks. Currency is at risk of remitter. TERMS CASH WITH THE ORDER. We have
to remit cash to publishers and cannot undertake to keep book accounts for club papers with subscribers.

Address OHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

tcuKAL AND PRACTICAL BOOKS, (an* any otliers in the market not on this list,) will be sent by
mail, post-paid, on receiptor priee. AtUlress C'HAS. H. 3IAKOT, 814 Chestnut Street, Fhiladelpliia.

FLOWERS. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, &c.

Alpine 'Flowers, Rol >ins( >n

Amateur's Flower (j;irdeu, Hibberd

Amateur's Greenliouse, "

Amateur's Iloso Book, "

j^mericLin Ko^e < "ulnirist, paper

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates. Ileatli

Book about Roses. S. Reynolds H/iIe

Book about Hoses, by ditto, English Ed., Illustrated.

Breck's New Ho. ik of Flowers

Buist's, Rol)'t. Am. Flower Garden IJirectorv

Chaiiman's Flora of Southern United States

Cottage Gardening, Hobday

Ellwancjer on the Rose ,

t-eiiis. British and h'oreif^n (Smith)

Kerns in tlirir Homes and Ours

Ferns of Kunt\leky

Ferns of N. America, 2 vols., quarto

Halliday's Azalea Culture

Hallidav's Camellia Culture

Hardy Flowers, R"l)iiis.in

Heinfich's \\'indow I-'lower Garden

Henderson' .s Fraetical Floriculture

Henderson's Gardenmgfor Pleasure

Paul's Book of Roses

Paid's Rose Garden, colored plate edition

Paul's Roses in Pots.

ParsonSj Saml. B., on the Rose

Rand's Bulbs

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden

Rands (iarden Flowers

R;iud's (Jrchid Culture

Rand's Popular Flowers and How to Cultivate Them ..

Rand's Rhododendrons

Rand's Window Gardener

Bchool Garden, Schwab

Shirley Hibberd's New.Rare * Beautiful L'v'd Plants

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson

Sylvan Spring, colored plates, Heath

Talks about Flowers, Mrs. Wellcome, paper, 60c., cloth

White's Gardening for the South

Wild Flowi-rs W.irth Notice

Wild Garden, HHbiuson

Williams, B. S.,onStove&Greenli'sePlnnts, 2vols. Ill'd

William.s, B. S„ on Select Ferns and Lycojiods

Williams, B. S. Orchid Growers' Jbuuud, .'jth edition. .
Window Gardening

4 SO

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5 (Kl
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3 75
1 7.5
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8 75

1 50

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2 00
2 00
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1 .50
1 .50

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7 00
1 00

1 .50

2 .50
2 5(1

2 .50

3 .50

2 00
1 50
1 00

50
12 50

3 75

5 00

1 00

2 00

2 00

4 00

5 00
250

3 50
1 50

FRUITS.-THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE.

Apple (.'uUurist, Todd 1

Baker's Fruit Culture , i

Bassett's Cranberry Culture •

Barry's Fruit Garden 2

Bridgeman's F^ruit Cultivators' Manual 1

Chonton's Grape Growers' Guide

Downiufj-'s Fruits and Fruit Trees of America 5

Du Breuil's Fruit Culture 1

i.)u Breuil's Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden) '.2

Eastwood on Culti\ation of the Cranberry

Elliott's Fruit tirowiis' Hand Book, paper, llOc. ; cloth 1

Flagg's European Vineyards 1

Fruit Culture Under Glass. Thomson 3

Fruit Growers' Friend, Haines

Fuller's Giape Culturist 1

Fuller's Small Fruit < 'ulture 1

Fuller's Strawberry I ulturist

Fulton on I'eaeh Cidture 1

Harazathy's Grape Culture and Wine Making .i

HowtoRai.so Fruit, Gregg 1

Hussman's Grapes and Wines 1

Merrick's Strawl .en y Culture 1

Mohr on the Grape Vine 1

My "Vineyard at Lakcvicw 1

Pardee on Strawberry Culture

Peach Culture and liis«ases, Rutter, paper

Uuinn's Pear Culture lor Prolit 1

Recmelin's Wine-makers' Manual 1

Rivers' Miniature l-ruit (iardcn 1

Small Fruit Instructor Pni .ly

Strong's Cultivation of the (irape 2

Thonuus', J. .)., Fruit t-'uUurist, New Kditio.i 3

Thomcry System of .(;ra).e < 'ulture, cli.tli

Architecture. Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, U F^ Rural Arcliltcclurc 1

Ar.di'tcls'<feHuild'rs'l'c'kct(;onip.an'n, cloth (fl..50; luck 2

At wood's ( '.iiintry and Suburban Houses 1

Avcling's ( Carpentry and .loinery J

Barn Plans anil < I. it -buildings 1

I'.uilding C.instni. ti..ii, llavi.lson 1

Bums' Andiiteitiiral Drawing Book 1

Butler'f Ventilation <d Buildings

iJarpent.er and Joiner (R. Riddcll) T 7

Oaipenter's and Joiner'6 Uaud Book (Holly)

Cooper's Rural Hours

Liowning's Cottage Residences

K\-eleth s Si-liool House Architecture

F. .« Id's 1 lollies for All

ilarney's liariis, Clut-buildiugs and Fences

ilattieitl's .Viueriean House Carpenter.

House Hhins I or l-Iverybody (Reed)

Hiiss,.y's 1 1.. I lie Hiiilding

lIusseN 's Naii..iial ( 'ottage Architecture

.lacipLs' Manual ..r the House

Lakey's \ ill.ige ami ( '..untry Houses

HeuelKirs' lli.w t». Huild H..t Houses

Median i.'s ( '.tniiianion (Xieholson)

Palliser's Aiiiei iiaii Cottage Homes

Pallis. IS .M...lel Homes

I'raitieal l^ess..ns in Architectural lirawing, Tuthill...

Pluiiimer's (.'arpenter's and Builder's Ciuide

RiiMell's Architect

Waring's Iiuprovcments and Village Farms

Wei.leiiman's Country Homes, '24 colored lith. plates. .

Wlie.-ler's Homes for the People

Wli.-.l.Ts Rural Homes

W.....l\\ar.rs Cottages and Farm Houses

Woi.dw;ii-.i's ('..untry Homes

Wo. 1. 1 ward's (ira panes and Hort. Buildings

Woodward's Suburban and Country Houses

Woollctt's ( )ld Homes made New

TREES, PLANTS, LANDSCAPE GARDENING, &c.

Browne's Trees of .Xnieri.-a

i:ili..tt's LamNiapel iar.lening '..' "...

Elliott's Lawn ali.l Slia.lc Trees

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist '.

Hoojies on Evergreens..

Hough's Elcinente of Forestry

Kemp's Lamiscape Gardening.

Pnrks and Gardens of Paris, Robinson

Veixh's Manufil of the Coniferae, Illustrated

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens

'Warner's Scle.-t Orchidaceous Plants. 2 vols

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS, INSECTS, &c.

Darwin's Insectiverous Plants, English Ed

*' *' American Ed

Harris' Insects Injurious to 'Vegetation, cloth

'' " " " col. engr'vugs

How to Destroy Insects _

Insects injurious to Fruits. SaunavrS

. iickani's v.iui...; to the .^.^uiy of Insects

Packard's Half-Hours with Iiisects

Packard's Our Common Insects

Riley's Potato Pests, paper, 50c ; cloth

Treat's Injurious Insects

TECHNICAL, BOTANICAL. SCIENTIFIC,

Beal's " The New Botany"

Botaiii.'al 1'... k.'t Book. Hay ward

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols

P'ruit ni^d Bre;id, Schlickeysen

Gray's How Plants Behave

Gray's now Plants Grow

Gray's Manual of Botany

G]a>"'s Manual. Botanv and Lessons, in 1 vol

Gray's Stru.'tural Botany

Gra\ *s s,. h....! and 1* leid-lSook ot liotanv

Heii.liTs.in's Halid-Ho. .U of I'lants '

.l.iliiisoii's ( iar. lener's IHi-tionarv

.Jolins.,irs How (rolls Fi-cl ".

.lolms.m's I iow ( 'r..|is (Hi.w

Lindley's Treasury of Hotany, 2 vols

Louden's l-'aicj-elopa-dia of Plants

Paxton's Botanical Dictionary ".

Wood's Class Book of Botany '. . .

VEGETABLES, GARDENING, &c.

Asjiaragus Culture

Bridgeman's American Gardener's .\ssistant

Bridgeman's Ivltclien Gardener's Instructor

Dc V< .e's Market Assistant

Fitz's Sweet Potato Culture

Gardening for Young and Old, Harris

Gregory on Cabbages

Gregory on Carrots, Mangold Wurtzels, <fec

Gregory on ( in ion Raising

(Jieg.ny on s.iuashcs

Hcii.leisoii's Gardening for Protit

Hogg's ^■eg<'tablo Garden

Kitchen ;in<i Market Garden

Mushroom Culture

( In ion Culture

Potato Culture.

(./(linn's Money in the Garden

It^ic's I'lay aiul I'rollt in My G.arden

.Schelu^k's (iardcner's Text Hook

J^illiugUast'ii Mauual 'Vegetable I'lauts.

200

3 00

4 00
I .50
400
3 50
1 SO
500
400
1 SO
500
150
300
500
1 00
250

1 GO
15 00

75
15 00

2 00
1 50
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
160

«) 00
1 50
1 00

1 00
3 00
200

2 50
7 50
300

3 .50
CO 00

.7 00
200
4 00
650

30
3 00
6 00
2 50
2 50

75
300

25
1 70
S 00
1 00

65

1 25

2 25
4 00
230

2 .Hi

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3 00
2 00
2 00
(i 00

13 50
9 00
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50
2 00

1 00

2 50
40

1 25
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30

1 60

50

1 50

75

20

26

1 50

1 50

75

1 ue

AGRICULTURE, MANURES, RURAL ECONOMY, &c.

Affen's K. L. ami L. F. New American Farm iJtmk S

Allen's L. F., American Cattle

American W eeiis and L'»elul Hants

lieet Rout Sugar

Bouinier's Method of Making Manures

Boussiiifftilfs. J. B., Rural Economy

Brill's I'''arm-garclening and Seed-growiu!;

Broom Com and Brooms, paper, oOo. : cloth

Colorado as an Agricultural State, Pabi>r

Curtiss on "Wheat Culture

Dana's, Sam'l 11.. Muck Manual.

Enfield's Indian Com

Farm Homes, Leland

Farming for Boys

Farming for Profit, Reed

Five Acre.-i too Much (illustrated)

FIaxCulturc(>ipven Prize Essays by PracticalGrowers)

French's Farm Drainage

Hand-book of Grasses, Great Britain and America

Harlan's Farming with Green Manures

Harris' Talks on Manures

Hop Culture, by is'ino E.xiierienceil ( iiUi\aiors

How to Get a l-'arm and Where to Find ( inc

Johnson's Elements of Agricultural ( 'hcniistry

Johnson's, J. S. W., Agricultural Chenustry

Klippart's Land Drainage

Klippart's Wheat Plant.

Leavitt's Facts about Peat.

lA^ruig's Farm Yard Club of Jotham

Lyman's Cotton Culture

My Farm of Edgewood

Nichol's Cheniistrv of the Farm and Sea

Norton's, Jno. P., "Eleiuents of Scientific Agriculture .

Our Farm of Four Acres

Pedder's, James, Farmer's I..and Measurer

Quincy. Hon. Josiah on Soilins^ Cattle

Scott's .Soil of the Farm

Silos and Ensilage. Thurber

tStewarfs Irrigation lor Farm, \jarden and Orchard. . .

Stewart's Sorghum and its Products

Ten Acres Enough

Texas ; The Coming Empire

Thomas', J. J.. Farm Implements, and Machinery

Thompson's Food of Animals

Tim Bunker's Papers, or Yankee Fanning

Tobacco Culture, by Fourteen Experienced Cultivators

Truck Farming at the South, Dr. A. Oemler

Turner's Cotton Planter's Manual

Ville's Chemical Jlanures, ijaper, .50c. ; cloth

Waring's I>rain,age for Profit and Health

■NVaring's Elements of Agriculture

Waring's Farmer's Vacation

Wariug's Handy Book of Husbandry

WUson's Drainage for Health

Youman's Household Science

ANIMALS, DOMESTIC AND GAME, TREATMENT, &c

Allen' s. R. L. , Diseases of Domestic Animals

Allen' s L. F., American Cattle

American Bird Fancier (Brown's)

Amateur Trapper & Trap Maker's Guide, paper, 50; br'ds

Barber's Crack Shot

Batty's How to Hunt and Trap

Batty's Practical Taxidermy & Home Decoration

Bement's INiulterer's Companion

Bement's Raliltit Fancier

Blessed Hccs, Allen

Bogardus' Field, Cover and Trap Shooting

Book of Household Pets, paper,50c; cloth

Brown's Taxidermist's Manual

Bumiuxm s >ew Poultry Book

Canary Birds, paper, .50c. ; cloth

Clark on Horses' Teeth

Clok's Diseases of Sheep

Coburn's Swine Husbandry

Coleman on Pathol, igical Horse Shoeing

Cole's American \'ctciiuarian

Cooked aiul Cooking Fi >')d for Domestic Animals

Cook's Manu.al of the .\piarj', cloth, $1.2.5 ; paper

Corbett's Poultry Yard and Market, paper, 60c. ; cloth .

Cone's Field Ornithology

Dadd's .Vuierican Cattle Doctor

Dadd's .Vuiirican Reformed Horse Book, 8vo. cloth. . .

Dadd's Modern Horse Doctor

Dead Shot, or Sportmen's Complete Guide

Dinks. Mavhew and Hiiti liinson on the Dog

Durants Horseback lading from Med. Poihtof View.

Dwyer's H<use Book

Every Horse Owner's Cyclopaedia

Famous Horses of America

Floyd's Hints on Dog Breaking

Frank Forester's Horse of America, 8vo., 2vols

Frank Forester's American Game in Season

Frank Forester's Field Sports, 2 vols

Frank Forester's Manual for Y'oung Sportsmen, 8vo. ..

Geyelin's Poultry Breeding *.

Goldfish and its Culture. Mulertt

2.50

175
1 -25

■2.5
1 fiO
1 00

55
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1 25
1 00
1 50
I 50
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1 .50

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1 50
1 50
1 III)
1 M

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1 .50
1 75
1 75
1 75
1 75
.■i 5IJ
1 .50
1 75
1 2.5
75
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1 2.5

1 no

50
1 .50
1 50
1 00
1 50
1 .50
1 00
1 .50

25
1 60
1 .50
1 25
1 50

1 00
3 00

2 50
1 00
1 75

1 00

2.50

.30

75

1 25

1 50

1 50

200

30

1 00

2 00

1 00

2 00

1 ,50
1 25

1 75

2 IX)
75
20

1 00

2 ,51)

1 .50

2 .50
1 .50
1 25

3 00

1 25

2 m

3 75
1 .50

50
5 00

1 .50

4 IKl

2 IX>
1 25
1 Ou

(luenon on How to Select Cows v.

Guenon on Milch Onvs, new edition

Harris ou the Pig

Herbert's Hints to Horsekeepers .

Holdcn's Book of Birds, paper 25c. ; cloth.
Horse and His Di.seascs, Kend.all.

Horse, How to Buy and Sell. Howdcn

Horses, their Feet and their Feed, puperuOc; <:lolli...

Hunter and Trapper .'

Jenning's Horse Training Made Easy

Jenning, on the Horse and His Diseases

Jenning's .sheep. Swine and Poultry

Jersey, Aldcrney and Guernsey Cow, Hazard.

Keeping One Cow

King's Trouting in the Brule River

Langstroth, Rev. L. L., on the Hive and Honey Bee. . .

Law's Farmer's Veterinary Adviser

Lewi.s' Practical Poultiy Book

Mayliew's Illustrated Horse Doctor

Maylicw 's Illustrated Horse Management

.Miles ..II the Horse's Foot

Ml I line's Diseases of Am. Horse, Cattle and Sheep. . .

.Mill. I-., T. B., Bee Keeper's Manual

Morn Is American Shepherd

Murphy's American Game Bird Shooting

N'orri>' .Vmerican Angler

Nonis' Fish Culture

Per. her. .n Horse

Quinbys .Mysteries of Bee-keeping Explained

liiiu.lalls sheep Husbandry.

Ran. lair s I'iiie \\'..ol Sheep Husbandry

Randalls I'ra.tiial Sheiiherd

Rarey and Knowlson's (jomplete Horse Tamer

Reasor ou the Hog

Rich.inls.in on the Dog. paper, 30c. ; cloth

Ritle ; Its 'I'he.iry .and Practice

Riley on the Mule

Saun.ler's l)ouiestic Poultry, paper, 40c. ; cloth

Schley's American Partridge and Pheasant Shooting. .

Scientific Angler, Foster

Shooting on the Wing

Sili>s and Ensilage, Thurber

Sportsm.an's Gazetteer, Hallock

Slack's Irout Culture

Standard of Excellence in Poultry

Starr's Forest and Stream, Hand Book for Riflemen. ..

Stewart's ..American Farmer's Horse Book

Stewart's slicplicnl's Manual

Stewart s sta hic B.>ok

Stoddaril > An Egg Fanu, paper, 60c. ; cloth

Stoncbcii;;e on the Dog

Stonchcngc on 11. use in Stable* Field, Eng. Ed. 8vo...
Stonehengc on Horse in .Stable & Field, Am. Ed. 12mo.

Tegetmeier's Pigeon Book

Tegetmeier's Poultry Book

Thompson's Food of Animals

Trapper's Guide

>(f allace's American Trotting Register, voK 1 and 2. . .

Walton' s Complete Angler

Waring' s Essay on Jersey Cattle

Wihvo.i.l's Hand-book for Y'oung Sportsmen

Wingatc's JIanual for Rifle Practice

Wright's Brahma Fowl

Wright's Practical Poultry Keeper

Wright's Praitical Pio:eon Keeper

Wo.ii Iru tf's Trotting Horses of America

Youatt anil Martin on Cattle

Y'ouatt an. I Martin on the Hog

Y'ouat t and Skinner on the Horse

Youatt and Spooner on the Horse

Y'ouatt on .Sheep

Y'ou,att on the Dog

Youatt on the Horse

PRACTICAL. MISCELLANEOUS.

Art of Grafting and Budding, Baltet

Art of Propagation (

Art .if Saw Filing

Buil.lui'.; .\.--s...i.itions. How to Manage

Butlci ' s I'u iiiily Afiuarium

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets

Farmer's .Account Book, Campfield

Gardener's Carriage Painter's Manual

Hints for Painters, by an Old Hand,paper

How to Make Candy

How to Paint

How to Rea.l

Howt.i Use the Microscope, Phin

Industrial Education in Public Schools, Straight

Mayhew's Practical B. .ok-keeping for Farmers

Mrs. Cornelius' Young Housekeeper's Friend . . .

Painter, Gilder and \ aniisher

Robbins' R., Produce and Ready Reckoner

Ropp's Easy Calculator, cloth, ?1.0O ; morocco

Scribiver's Ileady Reckoner and Log Book

Webster's Dictionary, Unabridged

Wells' Every Man his own Lawyer

Wood- Working Tools ; How to Use Them, Whittaker

75

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1 7.5

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75

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1 2.5

1 75

1 75

1 .50

100

1 ,50

2 00

300

1 .50

3 00

3(H)

75

200

1 '^5

1 7.5

2 00,

5. 50

1 75

1 00

1 50

1 .50

1 00

200

.50

1 .50

60

50

1 50

75

200

1 50

75

.50

X iM

1 00

1 00

50

3 00

1 .50

1 50

75

3 75

3.5(1

2 00

5(K)

9 00

1 (HI

X 50

20 00

1 .50

.50

25

1 .50

2.50

2 00

1 50

250

1 .50

1 50

2 00

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250

175

1 K

- 30

75

2(H)

75

3 00

75

1(H)

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.50

1 00

1 (K)

1 (K)

15

80

1 .50

1.50

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1 .50

35

S.5(l

200

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30

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THE HORITCULTURAL ADVERTISER.

31

es- IF YOU WANT TO P.ITY A -Sft

FARM OR COUNTRY SEAT

in the uiihi and delightful climate of

MARYLAND OR THE SOUTH

wHteto J. L. HANNA,

mb4

75 W. FAYETTE ST., BALTIMORE. MD.

c^COLORADO^^

AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.

Its Farms, Fields and Garden Lands.

BY WM. E. PABOR.

Uluatrated, 213 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
$1.60, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL AZALEA CULTURE.

A TREATISE on the PROPAGATION and CULTURE

OF THE

AZALEA INDICA,
BY ROBERT J. HALLIDAY.
Illustrated, 110 pages, 12 mo^ cloth, price, |2.00. Mailed^ post
paid on receipt of price,

Adar«ss,
CBTaS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnnt St., Fhlla.

HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa Graj-, M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structural Botany^ with a Popular
Flora, or an arrangement and description of Common Plants,
both wild and cultivated. Illustrated with 500 wood engravings,
'i.sa pages, large 16mo, half-arabesque, paper sides. Price 81 25.
Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAKOT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

TALKS ABOUT FLOWERS.

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

"The atithor chats of flowers in a very entertaining and
Instructive manner. Many valuable hints are given to
amateurs respecting the sowing of seeds, rooting of cuttings,
window gardening, insects on plants, etc., etc." — Concord
Monitor.

pT) 162 ; octavo, cloth, $1.00 ; paper, gilt, 60 cts. mailed, post-
paid, on receipt of price. Address,

tJHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

By Gho, W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
their cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. ioi6 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
$3.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

KEEPING ONE COW.

Being the experience of a number of practical writers, in a clear
and condensed form, upon the

Management of a Single Milch Cow.
Illustrated^ 132 pages, cloth. Price, $1.00, mailed, post-paid, on
eceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPHOVEMENT,

BT WM. ROBINSON.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, 75centt.
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 CbeBtaat St., Phila.

SITUATIONS TVANT£D.

Advertisements under this head must be paid for in advance, witn
the order, at rate of Ji.oo for each 36 words per insertion.

BY energetic, industrious, middle aged man, as gardener
or florist's foreman ; good plantsman and propagator.
Ist-class knowledge & character, 25 years' experience, Eng-
land & America. J. Croucher, 97 Rowe St., Rochester, N. Y.
AS gardener in private or ttoiist's establishment; thor-
oughly understands all branches of the business. Best
references from former employers. Address, Wm. Forbes,
care Peter Henderson & Co., 35 Cortlandt St., N. Y.

AS Seed Clerk. Single, age 21 ; strictly temperate. Six years
in seed business; two years with large florist. Will
work at either. Seed business preferred. Good reference.
John Kenna, Grove St., Flushing N. Y.

Wanted

Situation as gardener and floiist
(second in a good private establish-
ment preferred). A young man,
English, single ; well acquainted
with all branches. Best of reference.

T. p., care John Sanl, Washington, D. C.

WA N T E D— Situation by practical gardener an^ florist';
thorough in growing stove and greenhouse plants,
roses, hot, cold graperies, flower and vegetable garden, lay-
ing out grounds and management of Ist-class establishments.
Extensive experience, commercial and private ; Scotch, mar-
ried, no family, age 36. Good references, character and abil-
ity. Has worked with Peter Henderson, to whom he refers.
Address, Little, Clifton, Staten Island, N. Y .

SITUATION WANTED.

As Rose Grower and General Manager, by an energetic
man of standing and ability. Kighteen years experience
in the management of first-class establishments in United
States and Europe. Excellent testimonials.

R. K., Box 419, Washington, D. C.

m m

A paying greenhouse business. Best Loca-
tion in the West. Address,

W. S. SAWYER & CO.,
stf Iilncoln. Neb.

PLANT LIFE ON THE FARM

By Maxwell T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S. Plant nutrition ;
The Work and the Materials ; The Machinery ; Growth,
Sensitiveness ; Development ; Multiplication ; The Battle or
Life ; Practical Inferences ; Decay and Death. 12 mo, rloth,
132 pages. Mailed, post-paid, $1.00.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ALPINE FLOWERS for ENGLISH GARDENS

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.

An explanation of the principles on which the Exquisite Flora ol
Alpine countries may be grown to perfection in all Parts of the
British Islands, with numerous Illustrations, of Rock Gardens
Natural and Artificial. 70 Illustrations, 440 pages,crown 8vo, cloth.

Price, ^4.50. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila

AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

By Georgb HusMANN, Professor of Horticulture in University ol
Missouri,with contributions from well-known Grape Growers, giTind

A WIDE KANGE OF EXPERIENCE.

Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pp., cloth; price, $1.50. Mailed po«t-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

GARDENING BY MYSELF

BY ANNA WARNER.

Containing Hints and Experiences under heading of each
month in the jear. Illustrated. 16mo, 223 pages. Price, paper,
50c.; cloth, $1.2.5. Sent my mail post-paid on receipt of prieel

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

32

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Index to Advertisements. |

Send orders early as possible. Changes of copy must be in
by ISlh. NeiK orders received after •22d of month cannot be <?i- ■
sured insertion in next issue. Fly-leaf copy {new or changes)
must be in by 16th. For Advertising Rates see 2d cover page.

Benz Albert, Dougla.ston, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Blanc A., Philadelphia 13

Boebmer Louis, Yokohama, Japan 13

Carmody J. D., Evansville, Ind 12

Coles Walter, Claymont, Del 12 :

Collins J. S., Moorestown, N. J 32

CowenN. & Son, New York 32

Crosscup & West Enc Co., Philadelphia 15

De Veer J. A., New York Fly-leaf page 1,4th cover page '

De Witt Bros., Bristol, Pa 12

Dillon J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa 19

Dingee & Conard Co., West Grove, Pa i j

Dreer Henry A., Philadelphia 13

Eastern Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia 14

Eeckhaute Louis. St. Denis, Belgium 19

Elliott Benj. A., Pittsburgh. Pa 6

EUwancer & Barry, Rochester, N. Y 13

Engle & Bro., Marietta, Pa 1.5

Excelsior Publishing House, New York 13

Ebceter Machine Works, Boston, Mass 4th cover page

Fergusson David & Sons. Philadelphia .17

Gregory James J. H., Marl)lehead, Mass 18

Hahman F., Phihadelpliia. Pa 17

Hales H. W., Ridgewood, N.J 14, 17

HaUock V. H., Son & Tliorpe, Queens, N. Y 12

Hance & Borden, Red Bank, N. J 15

Hanna J. L., Baltimore, Md 31

Heinl Joseph, Jacksonville, Ills 16

Hench & Dromgold, York, Pa 13

Henderson Peter &, Co., New York 3

Hitchings & Co., New York 5

HomorChas. B., Mt. Holly, N.J 13

Jenkins J., Winona, Ohio 12

Landreth D. & Sons, Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

Marschuetz &. Bacharach, Philadelphia 13

McAllister F. E., New York 32

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass 11

Myers' Floral Establishment, Altoona, Pa 15

Newark Machine Co., Columbus, O 13

Niagara White Grape Co., Lockport, N. Y 14

Parsons & Sons Co. Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Raoux C, New York 8

Ribsara C. & Son, Trenton, N. J 15

R61ker August & Sons. New York 3, 8

Sailer Isaac D., Philadelphia 8

Sanders C, St. Louis, Mo 16

Saul John, Washington, D. C 15

Sawyer W. S. & Co., Lincoln, Neb 31

Schultheis Bros., New York 14

Seal Thomas F., Unionville, Chester Co., Pa 11

Shore James, Germantowu, Phila 11

Siebert Chas. T., Pittsburg, Pa.. 11

Smith David, Boston, Mass 7

Stewart Wm. J., Philadelphia and Boston U

Stillwell Chas. R., Gravesend, L. L, N. Y 11

Straiton & Storm, New York U

Studer Nicholas, Washington, D. C 15

Swain R. A., Philadelphia 9

Thorbum J. M. & Co., New York Fly-leaf page 1

True & Co., Augusta, Maine 14

Van Geert A., Ghent, Belgium 14

Vanhorne, Griffen & Co., New York 3d cover page

Vaughan J. C, Chicago, III Fly-leaf page 2

Weathered Thomas W., New York 10

Welch Bros., Boston, Mass U

Wilson Wm.C, New York City II

Young Thomas, Jr., New York 11

For Situations Wanted, see page 31.

Flower Ml \i PacMs.

350 PACKETS IN A NEAT BOX FOB S4.00.

I am offering to tbe trade in lots of not less than 5 of a
kind Flower Seed. 5 and 10 cents Sorts at S1.50 per 100 ; 10 and
15 cents Sorts at $4.00 per 100. In neat Packets with Descrip-
tion, How to Plants and blank space for your Business Card
on the back. Send for Catalogue and Sajnpte. We claim
this is cheaper than you can buy good Seed and Bags, saving
you Labor and valuable Time. Our seeds are Fresh and
Reliable, and put up with great care.

F. E. McAllister,

SEED MERCHANT, jeI2

29 and 31 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK.

Subtropical Garden;

Or, Beanty of Form In the Flower Garden-
By W. Robinson. F. L.S.
Beautifully illustrated. 241 pages. lamo, cloth. Price, I3.75
Mailed, postage free, on receipt of Price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FARM HOMES,

IN-DOORS AND OUT-DOORS.

By £. H. Lbland.
Illustrated, 204 pages, cloth, price $1.50; mailed, post-paid on re-
ceiptor price. Address,

CHAS. H. UAROT, 814 CheBtoat St., FhlU.

1,999,999

Stra-wberries, Raspberries,

Currants, Grapes,

including the Older tested and New Varieties,
MAY KING, MARLBORO, EARLY CLUSTER, FAY, NIAGARA.
Peach and other Fruit Trees. aul2

COMET, KIEFFER, LE CONTE,
&c., &c.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

JOHN I COLLINS,

MOORESTOWN, N. J.

Dowtiing's Landscape Gardening and
Rural Architecture.

BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING. ESQ.

Adapted to North America, with a view to the improvement i«
country residences. Comprising historical notices of the art, di-
rections for laying cut grounds and arranging plantations ; the de-
scription and cultivation of hardy trees, decorative accompaniments
of the house and grounds, the formation of artificial water, flower
gardens, etc.; with remarks on rural architecture. With two sup-
plements hyH. Wlnthrop Sargent. Handsomely illustrated, pp.
Sga. Royal 8vo. Price, $6.50, by mail, postage free.

The above work is now out of print and when the few
remaining copies at present in stock are disposed of no more can
be had. Those who wish to secure a copy of this valuable work
while the chance is yet open> should speak at once. Address,
CHAS. H. MAKOT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Farm Implements and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE.

with explanations of the laws of motion and crce as applied CD the
litrm, with over 300 illustrations by John J. Thomas; newand
revised edition, 31a pages, 12 mo, cloth, price f 1.50; mailed postage
free on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phib.

i-TBiJPonE BUYING GLASS." ESTIMATES

» NOS ^ XaA\.00 'K n

t 'saaa-iOH 'sasnoH-ioH 'saiHSJVHS •<
s 'saiHOiVAaasiioo 'sasnoHRaaas 2

M

ii

4

For GREENHOUSES, GRAPERIES, CONSERVATORIES,
HOT HOUSES AND HOT BEDS.

VANHORNE, GRIFFEN & CO.,

IMPORTERS OF FRENCH WINDOW GLASS. ALSO AMERICAN WINDOW GLASS. u.i>
131. 133. 135 & 137 Franklin St., New York City.

THE

[One-fourth full size.)

MINERAL INKSTAND.

Composed of twenty <lilfeifnt iniin*rals, jjetrifaoti'nis. crys-
tals, fossils, and perns of the {ireat Ilotky Mountain repons
of Wyoming, Colorado and other parts of the Far West,
comprising gold, silver, copper and iron ores, agaies, ame-
thysts, topazes and other precious f-lones, of rainbow hues.
The natural and brilliant tints of the various specimens
make it a cabinet of rare beauty. It combines instrunti'»n
with utilitv, and is an epitome of the mineral wealth of the
"Rockies/' A splendid ornament for the desk, shelf or
table, or a novel and lasting gift to a friend. Sent, post-paid
for 62.50 on receipt of price.
CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS.

By a. 8. Packard, Jr., M.D.
Alio a Treatise on those iNjtJRioPS and BENKnciAl. to
Crops. For the use of Colleges, Farms, Schools and Agri-
culturists. Dlustrated with 11 plates, and 650 wood-cuts.
702 pages, Svo, cloth. Price, SC,Ou. Sent by mail post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

DRAINAGE FOR HEALTH,

OR

Easy Lessons in Sanitary Science.

By JOSEPH WILSON. M.D.. Medical Director U.S. N.
pages, octavo. Copiously illu<)trated. Price ji.oo, mailed,
elpt of price. Address,

, Phila.

on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H MAROT, 8t4 Chestnut St.,

CRANBERRY CULTURE.

BY JOSEPH J. WHITE

Embodying in plain and concise manner all the useful and

Sractical facts which study and experience have yielded to
le inquiring Cranberry grower of the present time. 126
pages, 12 mo, cloth. Illustrated. Price, post-paid $1.25.
Address, CHAS. H. MAKOT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

A MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BT ISAAC F. TILLINQHAST.

Containing the experiences of the author in starting all those
kinds of vegetab'es wnich are most difficult for a novice to produce
from seed; with the best methods known for combating and repell-
ing noxious insects and preventing the diseases to which garden
Tegetables are subject. 102 pages, i6mo, cloth, price, $1.00,
mailed, post-paid^ on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Wheat Culture;

How to Double the Yield and Increase the Profits.
By D. S. CURTISS.
72 pages, illustrated. Price 50 cents, mailed, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

M^&aml ^ ©Qi£l£eiee)

BY JAMES VEITCn.

Embracing: Tart I.— General Review of the Order.

Part JJ.^Synbtmis oi <Jeuer<t, S/ftcies and ^'arietics.

I'lirl Ill.—'jlie I'Vniling of Coiiiferoe.

This work has received the liis;h enconiiniis of the English
and French HiirMcnltural papers, and the UAHiiKriKKs'
Monthly, as being trustwoithv, practical, attractive, soien-
title, and indispensable to tlio.se having an intelligent iiiterpht
in Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library Is complete
without it.

With numerous woodcut plates and letter press illustra-
tions. 310 pp., Svo, neativ bound in cloth. Price, $3.00,
mailed, postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent for U.S., 81J Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSES AND .ROSE CULTURE.

By Wm. VAtn.. F.R.H.S.
The rationale of Rose cultivation in a nutshell. Intended to
place within a small compass all that is necessary for the successful
cultivation of the " Queen of Flowers,** 83 pages, lamo, paper-
boards. Price, W cents. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.
8x4 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

AMERICAN GARDENER'S ASSISTANT.

By Thomas Bridgeman.

Containing complete practical directions for the cultivation of
Vegetables, Flowers, Fruit Trees and Grapevines. Illustrated.
623 pajjes, 12rao, cloth.' Priee' 82.50. Sent Dy mall post-paid on
receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Che>.tnut St., Phila.

FERNS OF KENTUCKY.

BY JOHN WILLIAMSON.

With 60 full page etchings, and 6 wood cuts drawn by the
Amhor. Illustrating Structure, Fertilization, Classification, Genera
and Species. 154 pp., cloth. Price, ^2,00. Mailed postpaid on
receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

HOW TO READ

AND HINTS IN CHOOSING THE BEST BOOKS.

With a classified list of work of Biography, History, Criticism,
Fine Arts, Fiction, Poetty, Religion, Science, Language, etc. By
Amelie V Petit. Pp. 220. iimo, cloth. Price, ;|i.oo. By CLail,
post-paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

WORKING MAN'S WAY TO WEALTH.

By Edmund Wrigley.

A practical treatise on Buildings Associations , ivkat they are , and
htnvto use tJient. 108 pages, i6mo, cloth. Price, •}<=, cents. Sent
by mail post-paid on receipt oJ" price.

Address, CHAS. H, MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

By Cbas. Darwin.

With copious descriptive contents and index. Illustrated..
462 pages, l'2mo, cloih. Price $7.00.
Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE EXETER

HEATINUP^RATOS.

GREENHOUSE HEATING
A SPECIALTY.

Our systems comprise Hot Water
Heating, Steam Heating, and the
combination of Steam and Water.

OVER 1000 BOILERS IN USE.

Exeter fflacline fforls

19 Fetal St., Bjston, and Eieter, N. H.

We solicit correspondence iVom
any party contemplating a change
in their apparatus. ft 13

ROMAN HYACINTHS,

Paper White Narcissus,

Immortelles, &c..

To the Trade Only.

L^ BREMOND FILS,

OLLIOULES (VAR.) FRANCE

GROWER AND EXPORTER.

Apply for Catalogue and particulars to tlie General Agent for U. S. A.,

J. A. DE VEER, 318 Broadway, New York.

ap2

FracUTasileriQjanlEoi&sIlecoratioii

Together with General laformation for Sportsmen,

By JOSEPH H. BATTY,

Taxidermist ftir the H-»ydcn Expedition and other Governmeni
Surveys, and many of the leading Coleges and Mu<ieums of ihr
United Sutes. Author of " H^w to Hunt and Trap," etc. laj
Illustrations, xsmo, cloth. Price, $1 50. Mailed, post-paid, on
receipt ot price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT 814 Chestnut St., PMIa

Red Flowerinof Dogwood

AND OTHER NOVELTIES.
Kissena Nurseries.

Trees and Plants.
Parsons&SonsCo.,

LI.MITRD.

Flushing, N. Y.

ftf

TOPICS.

GARDEN

AND

FARM

BY PETER HENDERSON.

Kmbraces within its srnpe thpfollowinp: subjects: Popu-
lar Unllis iind their culture.— Window (Janleninir, and Uare
ip| Plants in Koouis.— I*i()pa(r:itiMn n!' Plants.i-Uosc (»n»\v-
lnf; in Winter.— Greenhouse Structures, and Modes of Heat-
iny;.— Kitiniation and Ueuovation of Iawus. —Onion (vioMr-
in^;.— IIow to Raise ('abba;r*' and ('auiiHtiwer. —On tlie(} row-
ing and Treservinfj; of (Vlery.— The New Celerv, "White
IMmiiR." — strawlievry Cultnr'p. — Hoot Crops for l-ann Stock.
—Culture of Alfalfa or Lucerne — Manures anil their Modes
of Application.— Market (iardeniuK around New York, —
The Use of tlie Keet in Sowing and I'lautinj;.— Popular
Krrors and Scientirtc !>ojcnuis in Iltn-ticidtinc. — IIiMubu<;s
in Horticulture.- nraininp. <'loth, I'Z iuo» 214 pages, price
ffl.50; by uiai', post paid. A'ldrcss.

CHAS. H. MAROT, HH Chestnut St., PMla,

Tlie Floral Kingdom

Its History. A Hictlonary of more than 300 Flowers, with
the (ieucra and Kauiily to which they bcjotttj; and the
l«infrua;re of each. Illustrated by appropriate (icnis of
poetry and a parlicular Treatise on the t'ultlvatlou and
Analysis of Ptant.s. 450 payees, on beavv tinted highly cal-
eiulereil paner, and red line binder witii ornamental cor-
ners, splcndidlv boui>d, beveled b)»ar(ls. full gilt. A beauti-
ful piebcut. Price, S<>.oO by mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAW. 11. MARUT, SH Chestnut St., Phila.

EDITED BY THOMAS MEEHAN.

Vol. XXVII. No. 318.

(Combined Magazines, Fortieth Year.)

JUNE, 1885.

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

\

t^miW

7^'

[Entered at the Post Office, at E'liiladelphia, Pa. , as second-clasa matter. J

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

It is published on the first of every month at the offlce, No. 814 CHESTNUT STREET,
PHTT. A DELPHIA, where aU BUSINESS relating to subscription or advertising- should be addressed.

5^* Communications, Copy and Packages for the Editor should be addressed to THOMAS
MEEHAN, GEBMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, POSTAGE PAID, $2.0o.

Subscriptions discontinued only on notice to that ettect.

ADVERTISING RATES IN THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY:

% coL % coL !4 col. J^ col. }4 col. 1 coU 1 page,

or or or or or or or

12 lines. 16 lines. 24 lines. 32 lines. 48 lines. 96 lines. 192 lines.

One Insertion 83.00 S4.00 S5.50 87.00 $10.00 S18.00 S36.00

Two times, each 2.90 3.90 5.O0 6.80 9.00 17.00 33.00

Three " " 8.80 3.75 4.76 6.55 8.50 15.50 3O.00

Four " " 2,70 3.60 4.50 6.30 8.10 14.40 87.00

Five " " 8.65 3.40 4.85 5.95 7.65 13.60 25.60

8U " " 8.35 3.16 3.93 5.50 5.05 18.45 83.60

Beven « " 8.80 8.9S 3.65 5.15 6. CO 11.75 28.00

Eight " " 8.05 2.75 3.45 4.80 6.15 10.95 20.60

Nine " •< 1.90 2.45 3.80 4.45 6.70 10.15 18.85

Ten " ■' 1.75 2.30 2.85 4.05 5.25 9.30 17.48

Eleven " " 1.60 2.15 2.65 3.75 4.80 8.55 16.16

Twelve " " 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.50 4.50 8.00 15.00

Twelve lines nonpareil is % col. A less space than % col. will be furnished at same rate per line as % col.
For space on FLY-LEAF and COVER PAGES, also FIRST PAGE advertisements facing last reading page, 20 per
oent, advance on above rates will be charged.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

CONTENTS OF THE JUNE NUMBER.

161
175

SEASONABLE HINTS :

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening

COMMUNICATIONS :

Chrysanthemum Fragments 162

Wearing of the Eye in Zinc Labels 161

The China Tree 164

The Marbled Rose 165

Flower N otes from New Orleans ^ , 165

Winter and Spring Flowering Dendrobes 168

Mixed Plants in Greenhouses 168

Coral Tree 169

Flowering of the Sunset Rose . 170

The Sunset Rose 170

The Culture of Cactuses 171

Improvements in Propagating Plants 172

Pruning and Care of Orchards 175

The Comet Pear 176

Old Apple Trees 176

Notes on Remarkable Trees 179

ThcAtamasco; or, Fairy Lily '. IHI

Cypripedium insigne 182

Badly Sold 187

Exhibition Notes from New Orleans 190

World's Exhibition and Cotton Centennial — The

Continued DispKay 190

Floral Notes from the New Orleans Exposition 191

KDITORIAL NOTES :

Raising New Varieties of Gladiolus— The Winter
Aconite— Broken Branches of Norway Spruce —
Disease of the Hollyhock— Kosa rubrifolia—

Passion Flower, Constance Elliott 166-167

Electricity in Bouquets— Arrangement of Roses
as Cut Flowers— Clematises as Pot Plants— Ex-
pensive Orchids— A Large Chrysanthemum—
The Camellia- The Rose-leaf Fungus— Toads in
(Jreenhouses- Utilizing the Trunks of Tree
Ferns — A Fine Chrysanthemum — Diseases of

Roses — Early Flowering Azaleas 172-173

Mulching — Forcing Fruits in America— Injury
to Fruit Crops by Birds— The Bee Nuisance—
(;atcliing Cotton Moths— Bees and Fruit— The
English .Sparrow- Early Fruits and Vegetables
—Paper Bags for Grapes— Tewkesbury Winter

Blush Apple— The Cut-leaved English Blackberry

—The Wonderful Strawberry 177-178

Profitsof Forestry— An April Forest Fire 179-180

How to Produce Variegation — Botanic Garden
in Montreal— Effect of Frost on Orange Trees in
Florida — Wild Celery Seed— Tree Tomato of
Jamaica— Sewage- Clematis from South America
—Economic Use of Wild Cherry Kernels— A
Plea for the English Sparrow— The Perfume of

Roses— Japanese Tea 182-186

History ot Hybrid Gladiolus— Liability of Seeds-
men— The Earliest Nursery in the United States
—Nurseries of B. Mann & Sons, Lansing, Mich.
—David Douglas— Nursery of Mr. A. Giddings,
of Danville Indiana — Mr. George Rosenham —
Valuable Works for Sale— Eucalyptographia—

Fruit Culture— .Vlictoscopical Bulletin 187-189

Exhibitions by Private Kirms— The Pennsylvania
Horticultural Society — Californian Fruits at the
New Orleans Exposition — Exhibitor of Cactuses
at the New Orleans Exhibition— The American
Association of Nurserymen 192

NEW OR Rare plants :

Double Bouvardias- Begonia hybrida gigantea
Coleus, Nonsuch — Rose, Merveille de Lyon — A
Dwarf Stephanotis— Dieffenbaohia rcgina, 173-174

SCRAPS AND QUERIES :

Hyacinth Bulbs— Care of Lawns— Double Fring-
ed Petunias 167

Forcing Strawberries 178-179

Silk Culture— The Tulip Tree in Florida— Forest

Culture 180-181

Loco Weed 186

Correction of Note on Persimmon— Direction of
Letters— Dante's Pronunciation of Veronica 189-190

FLOWER GARDEN 4 PLEASURE GROUND. 161-167

GREENHOUSE AND HOUSE GARDENING 168-174

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDENING 17&-179

FORESTRY 179-181

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE 181-186

LITERATURE, TRAVELS 4 PERSONAL NOTES 187-190
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES 190-192

Fly-leat.

THE HORTICULTURAL AUVERTISEP.

FALL BULBS FOR FLORISTS

FOR DELIVERY IN

SEPTEMBER,

OCTOBER lEl
NOVEMBER.

Early Roman White Hyacinths,
Early Roman Yellow Narcissus,
Paper White Narcissus,

Double Yellow DaflFodils,

Single Yellow Daffodils,
DUTCH HYACINTHS,

DUTCH TULIPS,

LILY OF THE VALLEY PIPS,

LILIUM CANDIDUM, &c.

Price according to quantity required.

J.M.Thorburn&Co.

15 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK.

ALL FIRST PRIZES FOR DUTCH BULBS

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At World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Expositiori^ - NEW ORIiEANS, 1885.
■■■ AWARDED >■'

The General Bulb Company,

(Successors to BARNAART & CO.)

VOGELENZANG (near Haarlem), HOLLAND,

Offer TO THE TRADE ONLY the Largest and Finest Stock of Hyacinths, Tulips, Nar-
cissus, etc., at Lowest Prices, either Free on Board Dutch Steamer, or, inclusive of ad
Expenses for Freight, Duty, Packing, etc., f. o. b. Cars in New York City.

Received Medals at Paris, Louvain, Ghent, St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, etc.
Wholesale Cata.logrue for Seedsmen, Florists or Cut Flower Growers, ready in MAY.
Special Rates to lmpor1;ers of Large Quantities. Address,

DE VEER & BOOMKAMP [i^rBTvl'xy, Sole Agents for U. S,

ap3 13 BFtOAD-WA-Y, NSVr YORK CITY.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

[Fly-leaf.

Landreths' Seeds are The Best!

NORTH, SOUTH, £AST or TXTEST !

EVERYTIUNi; OF THK HKST. SEEDS AND IMPLEMENTS
for Farm, liarden or Country Seat. Send for Lanilretlis' Kural
Rep:ister Aluianaf. Descriptive (Catalogues FREE. r»ver l.-'jOO Acres
under cultivation jxrowing Landreths' Garden Seeds. Founded 1784.

D. LANDRETH & SONS,

Nos. 21 & 23 South Sixth St., and Delaware Ave. and Arch St.,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Seedj

FORCING ♦^
-f BULBS

Dutch,
French,

German.

LOWEST IMPORT PRICES READY.

JOS. PLENTY,

HORTICULTURAL ARCHITECT and BUILDER

Contracts taken for all kinds of Greenhouses, Consekvatories, Planthouses or Vineries of Improved
Construction, to be erected complete in all parts of the United States or Canada. Portable Conservatorleg a
specialty. Prices from S225.00, each .securely iiacked and shipped f. o. b. to any part of the Union. Send for illustrated
circular. Correspondence solicited frrtui all parties desirous ol information or about to build. Architect's designs carried
out with great care. OFFICES : 144 Pearl Street, New York ; 6 South Merrick Street, Philadelphia. Jel2

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS.

By a. S. Packard, Jr., M.D.
Also a Treatise on those Injurious and Benkficiai. to
Crops. For the use of Colleges, Farms, Schools and Agri-
culturists. Illustrated with ll plates, and 650 wood-cuts.
702 pages, 8vo, cloth. Price, $6,00. Sent by mail post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

uRAINAGE FOR HEALTH,

OR

Easy Lessons in Sanitary Science.

By JOSEPH WILSON. M.D.. Medical Director U. S.N.
pages, octavo. Copiously illustrated. Price $i.oo, mailed,
OD receipt of price. Address.

CHAS H MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FERNS OF KENTUCKY.

BY JOHN WILLIAMSON.
With 60 full page etchings, and 6 wood cuU drawn by the
Author. Illustrating Structure, Fertilization, Classification, G«nera
and Species. 154 pp., cloth. Price, $2.00. Mauled postpaid on
receipt of price,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

CRANBERRY CULTURE.

BY JOSEPH J. WHITE

Embodying In plain and concise manner all the tiseful and
■ractical facta which study and experience have yielded to
wie inquiring Cranberry grower of the present time. 129
■ages, 12 mo, cloth. Illustrated. Price, post-paid 81.26.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HOW TO READ

AND HINTS IN CHOOSING THE BEST BOOKS.

With a classified list of work of Biography. History, Criticism,
Fine Arts, Fiction, Poetry, Religion, Science, Laneuage, etc. By
Amclie V Petit. Pp. aao. lamo, cloth. Price, ^i.oo. By mail,
post-paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

WORKING MAN'S WAY TO WEALTH.

By Edmund Wrigley.

A pr-ictical treatise on Building^ AssxKiaiions, what they are, and
hcnuto use t)ttni. 108 pages, 1 6m o, cloth. Price, 75 cents. Sent
by mail post-paid on receipt o!" price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

8x4 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia

A SPXZCIAIaTir

Grand Collection of all the Best Varieties, em-
bracing the latest Novelties, Separate and In Mix-
ture. Strictly First-class Seed only. Send for New

Seed Price List, Issued February 1st.

sis

ALBERT BENZ, Douglaston, N. Y.

' SEK FUtST FAGE FACLNG COVBK.-m

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Plants for Centres of Beis, Vases, or Baskets.

Pandanus utilus 25cts. to$i ooeacU

Crotons, 12 Vars 25 cts. to ji.oo

Corypha Australis (Palm) 2.5cts. to $1.00

Dracena terminalis 2.3 cts. to Ji.oo

" indivisa 2.5 cts. to $1.00

" Cooperii 50 eta.

" Ferroa 50 cts.

Seaforthia elegans (Palm) 25 cts. toSl.OOeach

Latania Borbonica " 25 cts. to $l.oo

Areca lutescens 81.50

" sapida 25 cts. to $1.00

" rubra $1.00

Phormium tenax (N. Zealand Flax) 25 cts. to 50 cts.
FANCY CALADIUMS (for partial shade), 12 best sorts, $3 ^ set

49- Set of 13 plants for centres (1 of each) for S3.00, «6.00 and S 12.00 per set, accoTding to size.-Sd

As named below in fine condition :

Coleus VerschafTe'ti. Maroon, shaded crimson $4.00 per 100

" Hero. lUacli foliage - 4.00

" Kirkpatrick. Green, blotched yellow 4.00

" Queen of the Lawn, Carminerose 4.00

" Colden Bedder. Yellow, splendid 4.00

** Firebrand (new). Flame color, splendid 12.00

** Yellow Bird (new), canary yellow, strong grower 12.00

Hew Tea Rose, "SUNSET." 2i-in., $16 ; 3-in., |;35 ; 4-in., $35; S-in., $50; 6-in. $75 V 100.
General "Wholesale List sent free on application.

PETER HENDERSON,

35 & 37 Cortlandt Street, New York.

MildeiAT

Killed

IN LESS THAN TWICE FORTY-EIGHT HOURS BY THE APPLICATION OF OUR

J. L. VIRGIN SULPHUR.

Prominent and experienced FLORISTS have given CERTIFICATES as to its merits, and use it in place of the
common FLOWER OF SULPHUR, which appears to be cheaper per pound than VIRGIN SULPHUR, but which
weighs three to four times as heavy for its bulk, and thereby is in reality more expensive. Thus, ONE POUND of the
VIRGIN SULPHUR will, if properly applied, go as far as three to four pounds of the FLOWER OF SULPHUR.
It is best applied with SULPHUR BELLOWS. Full directions how to use it sent with every invoice.

3 NO ROSE GROWER SHOULD BE WITHOUT IT ! E

Sealed Original Bags of lOO Kilos, (about 220 lbs.) sold at SI2.50 per Bag.
Put up in smaller packages, we deliver 25-lb. Bag for S2.00, and lO-lb. Bag for SI.OO.

Apply to

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS,

p. 0. Box 899. New York. THE AGENTS FOR AMERICA.

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

Seeds, Bulbs ^"^ Florists' Supplies.

WAREHOUSE AT 44 DEY STREET.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Roses for Florists.

We make a special business of growing and distributing Roses, and believe we
offer the LARGEST and MOST COMPLETE STOCK of ROSES in AMERICA. ALL ARE
ON THEIR OWN ROOTS. No budded or grafted Roses are sent out.

^5 I ^^ ^F ^% KT ^31 A l^l^P^^ ^Ve offer but oue size of Rosea, strong vigorous plants, from

Ol^b ^/l r^lMnHI I Oa Sj^-incli pots. Thej are thrifty, well matured, heavily

rooted plants— ready to go into 4-iiich pots. Every order, large or small, is carefully selected from the
largest aud best ou baud at the time.

n FAN AND HFAI THY *^^^ roses are kept clean and in good

*'Utflll flllU ni.nL. I n I ■ grrowing condition through the whole season,
so that Florists can replenish their stock whenever it is convenient to do so.
"We ship safely at all seasons— no danger from heat or frost.

IMPORTANT Tfl RIIYFR^ our roses are not forced, but are grown

imi uii I nil I lu uu I I.IIO. in ordinary soil, without manure or any

STIMULATING PROCESS WHATEVER; THEREFORE THEY REQUIRE NO NURSING, OR EXTRA
CARE, BUT GROW OFF STRONG AND HEALTHY, AND COME QUICKLY INTO BLOOM
FLORISTS SAY OUR ROSES GIVE BETTER SATISFACTION THAN ANY OTHERS THEY CAN BUY

PFt.IC£:S OF GrEIN'SFt.A.i:. COI^X^ECTIONS.

Per 100. Per 500. PerlODO.

EVER-BLOOMING ROSES, First class assortment, $ 8.00 $35.00 $70.00

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, " " 9.00 40.00 80.00

MOSS ROSES. " " 15.00 75.00 150.00

CLIMBING ROSES, " " 8.00 35.00 70.00

QpppiAl AQQflRTMPNTQ ^°^ special assortments and large orders covering different classes of

wr tUIMU MOOUn l men l O. Roses, it is always best to send a list of the varieties and number of each
wanted. We can then tell you exactly what we can do. and will name the lowest price that the size and character of
the order will justify, t^ But you can always depend on lowest prices, whether you have special quotations or not.'Ct

SPECIAL ATTENTION is given to supplying Florists with reliable plants of all the New and Scarce Roses at reasonable
prices. The following choice varieties, and hundreds of others, will be found in our Wholesale Price LiSt, SOnt

IlREE to Florists, Market Gardeners and Dealers.

Per r)oi. Per 100.

LADY MARY FITZWILHAM-Now English Hybrid Tea S3.00 Sao.OO

SOUVENIR I>E THKRESE LEVET— Superb New Scarlet Tea 2.60 16.00

COCNTESS OF FEMBROKE-Siileiidiil Hybrid Tea 3.00 20.00

PRINCESS OF WALKS— Elegant New English Tea 2.80 15.00

DUKE OF CONNAUGHT— Bennett's Hybrid Tea 3.00 20.00

PIERRE GUII.tOT— Brilliant Crimson, Extra Fine 4.00 25.00

BED MALMAISON— New and Verv Prcmiising 4.00 26.00

SOUVF.NIK DE «iEKM.41N OE ST. PIERRE— New Crimson Forcing Rose 3.00 20.00

MADAME CHEDANNE GUINOISSEAU— llioh Golden Yellow, Very Fine 2.00 12.00

MISS EDITH GIFFOKD— A Valuable New Tea Rose 1.50 lO.OO

JEANNE ABEL— (New Tea), Rosy Crimson, Pencilled with Gold 1.50 10.00

NIPHETOS— Finest Pure White for Forcing 1.60 10.00

PERLE DES JAKDINS— The Finest Yellow for Forcing 1.60 10.00

CATHERINE MEKMET— The Finest Pink for Forcing 1.60 10.00

L,A FRANCE— l'r(Miu<es more Flowers when Forced than any other variety 1.50 10.00

CORNELIA COOK— Excellent for Forcing, Creamy White, Immense Buds 1.50 10.00

BARONESS ROTHSCHILD- Immense Flowers. Silvery White, Tinged with Blush 6.00 36.00

PAUL NEYKON-Clne of the Largest and Best Hybrid Perpetual Roses 1.60 10.00

ANNA DE DIESBACH— (Glory of Paris), One of the Finest for Forcing 1.50 10.00

MAGNA CHARTA— Ro.sy Crimson, Very Fragrant, Extra Fine 1.50 10. OO

All the STANDARD SORTS in large suppIy-GEN. JACQUEMINOT, ETOILE DE LYON. MARECHAL NEIL, SOUVENIH
D'UN AMIE, HERMOSA, MARIE GUILLOTT, and hundreds of others, at lowest rates, quality considered.

NOTICE TO BXJYEFIS.

As the prices of some of the New and Scarce Roses are subject to change, and
the price of any selection depends largely on the varieties and number of each
•wanted, we invite buyers to send their lists and have them priced before making
the order. This is the best plan for buyer and seller, and secures the lowest prices
he can make for the selection wanted. But you can always depend on getting the
best value we can give, on goods ordered— whether you have quotations or not.

NOTICE This advertisement is intended for the TRADE ONLY, and not for private planters. Address,

The DINGEE & CONARD CO.,

"" ROSE GROWERS, West Grove, Chester Co.. Pa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Heating

Ventilating iLpparatus.

Base-Burning Water Heater

Three sizes. Patented, 1S73,

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLBECKBR STREET,

NEW YORK.

$^}^^^^^^\ FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

■ -EIGHTEEN SIZES -

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.
Five sizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS,

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

SASH-RAISING APPARATUS,

Lifting-Rods fo[ Sasiies,

£tc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler.

Kiv.-siZ«i,. New Patterns 1877.

Send 6 cents postage for Illustrated Cata-
logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

The following list of Roses are all in splendid condition. Will be sold at low prices.

500 Perle des Jardins in 2^-in. pots

800 " " " in3 "

600 " " " in 4 "

300 Catherine Mermets in 3 "

300 " " ini

350 Souv. d'un Ami in 3 '*

260 " " in4 "

150 " " in 6 "

400 Cornelia Cooks in 3 "

160 " " in4 "

400 Bon Silcnes in 3 "

Send list of your wants, for prices,
pots

100 Sunsets in 3-in

400 La France in 3

200 " " in4

200 " " in5

I ALSO OFFER

600 Willi.-im Francis Bennetts in 4-in. pots

500 American Beauty in 4 *'

1000 Asparagus tenuissimus, 500 Buttercup Carnations,

1000 Scarlet Gem Carnations,
15,000 Chrysanthemums, finest varieties, at lowest prices.
PARNATinN^ Three splendid fancy variegated Carnations, Mrs. Carnegie, Chas. J.Clarke, and Petunia, of
*'"*•'"" ■ ■wllw- last season; decidedly the most profitable for cut-flower growing. They command double the
retail prices of other sorts and are long stemmed and extremely free flowering. Price, 185.00 per lOU ; plants ready now.
Well established plants of Peter Henderson, Snowdon, Hinsdale, Springfield, Goodrich, Philadelphia, President
Garfield, Black Knight, King of Crimsons, LaPurite, Shellflower, Firebrand, Lady Emma, etc., S3. 00 per 100; S25.00per
1000,— purchaser's selection of varieties, as nearly as possible, Hinze's White, S3. 60 per 100. Or in every 1000 Carnations
ordered at 825.00, 300 Hinze's White may be selected.

AMFRIPAN RFAIITY Nevp Forcing Rose. This superb Rose is comparatively unknown, as the intro-
""■^'■'^"'" DtMU I I 9 ducers have not advertised it at all, but in the opinion of the best Rose growers it
is equally as valuable as the celebrated "Bennett" (though not conflicting with it in any way), being entirely distinct in
color and shape. The ^'American Beauty" is somewhat Tike "Countess of Oxford" in shape of flower, but larger, and
has the true Hybrid fragrance. The color is a glowing deep carmine, and it is wonderfully free flowering— every shoot
producing a bud. For Winter flowering it will be very profitable for years to come, as its splendid Howers will alwavs com-
mand high prices. All the principal rose growers have already purchased it largely. SI. 25 each, »12 ^ doz., 875 f< 100.

RprinilriS) FjlQfpr I ilu We are now booking orders for this splendid forcing Lily, and will make specially
DCI IllUUa taolCI Ullj* low prices on large quantities. My bulbs will be of extra quality. Ready in August.

IMPORT DRnPRQ Cfll IPITCR Beforegivingimport orders for Roman Hyacinths, Lilv of the Valley,
linrun I UnUtnO OUUIUI l tU. Narcissus, Forcing TuUps, Spir»a, Azaleas, Lil.ac, Roses, Hyacinths,
or anything you need from Europe, send list to me for estimate of prices. I will guarantee quality and prices, and
my large experience in forcing flowers for the cut-flower market enables me to select the most desirable varieties.
UipiTp FOR PRIPFQ ^ carry a splendid general stock of Roses, all varieties ; hardy and tender ; Including
"••I I C run rniubO. allnovelties;Clematis,Wisterias, Ferns, Palms,Eucharis, orchids, ivies, Aristolochla,
etc., etc. A trial order and my prices will convince you ot the desirableness of dealing with me.

BEAUTIFUL NEW CATALOGUE NOW READY AND WILL BE SENT FREE.

BENJ. A. ELLIOTT, 54 Sixth 8t., Pittsburgh, Pa.

MARSCHUETZ 6l BACHARACH,

25 NORTH FOURTri STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.,

IMPORTF,R.S OP AND WHOLESALE DCALEKS IN

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

Bouquet Papers (Italiens), Pasted Cartons,

Immortelles, Dried Grasses and Flowers,

Ornamental Crass Bouquets, Mosses,
Wire Designs, Tin Foil,

Swiss Moss and Fancy Baskets.

-MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF BASKETS FOR FLORISTS-^

Illustrated Catalogue free on application. Orders will receive rareful attention and prompt shipment. apl2

BOUVARDIA DAVIDSONII

Root Cuttings, Strong Plants from Propagating Bed,
S1.00 per 100.

from 3-in. pots, 85.00 ]>cr 100.

s^imi'Xj o. ivLOOisr,

MORRISVILLE NURSERY. MORRISVILLE. BUCKS CO., PA.

50. H[WI1RD

will be paid for any GRAIN FAN

of same Size Uiat can clean and bn^:
inuth (Jrain nr Seed in nne (lay
nrl*uttiit .MON.MM'II Griiln

iiii«l Kci'd ^4'|>iiritliir I ItnciEcr,

'irltnpr.>\t<l \V iiri Iioiih' Mill
II l:-iu,di--i.i isIiilIi u<' i.lk-t , l.c.p.
.uUrs •iikI I'ricc List mailed I'rcv*
my."! rsJEWARK IVIACHINE CO., COL-UfVlBUS, O

PHILADELPHIA.

KNGRAVEK FOR FLORItSTS,

SEEDSMEN AND NURSERIMEN

10.000 Electros for above. For sale
clu'iip. Scud 25c. for large illustrated
l)oi>k and deduct from 1st order. No
L^ can compete with me in prices
New work.

for

ftf

FARQUHAR VIBRATING SEPARATOR.

~ 6fND rOH CATALOGUe.

^_^^^ U'ouderful

-<(r . -^ t'lMiBclty.

Addrciw, k. II. KAU«{t IIAIC, Yurk, I'

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, "also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Graperies, Conservatories, Proixtgating Houses, For-
cing Pits, Public ami Private Buildings, ScJiools, Drying
Rooms, and Heating Water for Hatfis.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks. Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

myl2

86 BDEVEFtl-Y STFtEET,

BOSTON, IVI.A.SS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

NEW AND EAEE EAST INDIAN AND OTHER

ORCHIDS

The undersigned offers EAST INDIAN mu\ other ORCHIDS

in large quantities, well estal>lislied plants, as well as extra

large specimens. At prices much lower thau they can be

pnrchase<l in Europe.

ANGKiECUWS in variety ; splendid plants.

AKIDES— Virens Ellisii, Lotdiii. Roseum. Adoratuni,Cras9i-
folium. (.^risjjum, (-iuinquevulnerum, Fieldin^i. Ac.

CALANTHAS— Veitchii, Vestita rubra, Lutoa. Nivalis, &c.

CATTLEY A — Eldorado, Eldorado splondens, Superba,
Mossia-, Leopoldii, Mendelii, Trianie, Auieihystina, Leo-
poldii. Percivaliana, Imperinlis, Maxima, Skinerii, &c.

CYPKIPEDICMS — Caudatum, Concolor, Niveuro,
Pierceii, Lawrenciaua, Sedan i, Lowei, Spicerianum,
Artius. Ciliolare, RoezUi, Robelina, Ac.

DENOKOBICMS— Aggregatum, Albo-8anguineum. Bar-
batulum, Chrysanthum, Cretaceum, Chrvsotoxum, Criis-
sinoda, Dalhousianum, Devonianum, ^Iburueum, Fal-
conerii, funbriatum occulatum, fonnosum ^iganteum,
Luteoluio, macropbyllum giganteum, Parishii, Pier-
ardii latifolia Suavissimum, Warilianum, Dearii, Thy-
rsiflorum, Jamesaanum, Nodatum, D e n s i fl o ru m ,
Sehroederi. &c.

L^LIAS— Anr.'i>-^,Snpcrbiens,Alba, Dawsonii, Perrinii,*l'c.

I^YCASTESKINNKKII— Agrandwinter-floweringOrchid.

ODONTOGI>0!»Sl] MS— Grande. Bictoniensis, Rossii majus,
Pliala-nnp.^is. Kramerii, Roezlii, Crispum, Pescatorea,&c.

PH.^L,ANOPSIS— Amabilis, Schilleriana, CornuCervi,&c.

BACCOLABIUM — Blumei majus, Guttatuni, Ampula-

ceum, Violaceum, Curvifolium giganteum, Retusem, &.c.

Masdevallias: Tricopilia; Vadas ; Barkerias; Chysis ;

Coryanthes; Phaius ; Stanbopeas; Sobralia; Utricular! as.

With many rare Orchids. Catalogue on application.

CABBAGE PLANTS

LATK FLAT 1>1ITCH, FOTTLKK'S IIVrPROVED
IJKIINSWICK anil KARLY WIN?JIiN<;STADT, IS1.60
per 1000; «ia.00 per 10,0(jO.

tmyi^ J. li. DILLON,

Seedsman and Florist. Bloomsburg, Pa.

dREElOUSES for REIT

Stock 0 Business for Sale.

14,000 square feet of gla's, licated by steam, with two 25
horse-power boilers. 4 acres of land, office, sheds, city
water, sewerage, &c., &c.

A ccmiplete establishment, doing a wholesale and retail
business. Also, if desired, a fine residence an<l ornamental
grounds adjoining. A large lot of Camellias and Ornamental
Plants, 4 to 7 feet high, and 10,000 young Roses, suitable for
forcing from 2X-inch pots. For sale cheap. Write for
particulars.

'W. B. & W. M. TABER,

Wholesale Florists,

DETROIT, MICH.

tmliS

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Its History, Culture, Classification and Nomenclature.

BY F. W. BURKIDGE,

Curator of Trinity College Botanical Gardens, Dublin. 102
pages. Octavo, doth. Price, SI. 50 ; by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

WuKch,.si fcii, M.A.s.s., January 22, lS8o.
ME.SSRS. Aug. Rolker & Soks, N. Y.:

Bear Sii-s — I have used vour Soluble Fir Tree Oil for two years on Red Spider,
BIa<k Lice, Mealy Bug andThrip, with perfect success. A few days ago my Rosea
lu'canic mildewed. I gave them a syringing with the solution, and to my surprise I
found the next morning thousands of tishworms in the walks that had crawled out of
the bed, and were mostly dead. Send me another gallon.

Yours truly, H. F. A. Lange.

To be bought through any resjicctable Seed House in the larger towns. In pint bottles
at 75 cts ; in hall pints at 60 els. For larger quantities address,

fl2

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS,

The Sole Agents for America.

P. O. Box 899, or 44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK,

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

Established in 1857,
NO. 286 F»EiVFlL SXFIEET,

P. O. Box 2956.

RKPHESENTS IN THK. UNITED STATES:

C. Q. VAN TUBERGELN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist,

JOHN STEWART A- SONS. Nurserymen, .Seedsmen and Florists,

LEVAVASSEUn & FII.S, Nurserymen and Florists,

LENAULT lltlET, Nurseryman and Florist,

PIERRE SKHIKK. Nurseryman and Florist,

COCHET-AUlilN & FJLS. "Rose Crowers,

New York City.

Haarleui, Holland.
Dundee, Scotlaud.
Ussy, France,
Ussy, France.
Ussy, France.
Grisy-Suisnos, France.

EUGENE VERIHER FILS AINE, Florist; New Gladioluses, Roses, PaeoDias, etc., a specialty, Paris. France.
V. LEMOINE, Floiist: new varieties of Plants aspccialty, --..-. Nancy, France.
FRANCIS REBUhyi, Roman Hyacinthsand other Bulbsanil Immortelles, - - - Ollioules, Fr.ance.

C. PIjATZ & .SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Viilley Pips Hamburg, Germany.

Aiifl many other ICurupeau Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists.
irbofleCatalogues will bo sent to all ajjplicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. J»12

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

They are Chiaranteed to be the Most JPowerful, Durable and Eco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Country.

We are also mamifacttiring all the various sizes of MYERS'
PATENT and S^WAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &c.
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Setid for Illustrated Circular and Price List.

1173 South Ninth Street,

THOS. J. MYERS, Manager.

aptf

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

InproTed Soi Water Mers

•FOR HEA^TIPffG-

GrceilottSfis, GrapBries, Goimfiitories, ProjiiEiilli inses, &c.

SEOTIONAT, VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No. 46 Marion Street, ftevt York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. <112

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

II

-Send for Circular and conditions of insertion under this heading. "S*

WM.F.BASSETT, Fruit Trees and Small
Fruits, Hammonton, N. J.

GENERAL BULB CO., VoKelcnzang (Hol-
land). N.Y. Agency, ig Broadway, apia

A. CIDOINGS, Koses, Plants, Seeds, Bulbs,
Florists* bupplies, Danville, Ills.

ROBT. J. HALLIDAY, Seeds, Bulbs, Roots,
Plants, Flowers, Baltimore, Md.

E. L. KOETHEN, Plants, Seeds, Flowers.
Small Fruits, Zanesville, Ohio.

D. C. McGRAW, Seeds, Greenhouse and
Bedding Plants, Binghamton, N. Y.

THOMAS MEEHAN,

Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil.

OELSGHIG & MEYER, Out-door Rose
Growers. Canes, &c., Savannah, Ga. jli»

S. W. PEEK, Hartwell Nurseries,

Hartwell, Georgia.

Wm. J. Stewart,

—WHOLESALE SEALEK IN —

CUT FLOWERS

^ FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,
BOSTON and PHILADELPHIA.

SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

fl2

67 Bromfield Street,
Boston, Mass.

}

J 1518 Chestnut St.,
\ Fbiladelphia, Pa.

CHAS. R. STILLWELL,

Wholesale Florist and Rose Grower.

ROSES GROWN SPECIALLY for WINTER FORCING.

BOSTON TEA ROSES

Carefully packed and shipped to all points in Western and
Middle States, at lowest Boston market prices. Price list
of Flowers and Florists' supplies sent on application.

WELCH BROS.,

WHOLESALE FLORISTS,
fl2 165 Tremont Street. ISoston, Mass.

GEO. MULLEN, Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School St., near Parker House,) Boston, Mass.

Flowers carefully packed and shipped to any part of the
country. Send for Price List. Special rates on regular lots.
Orders by mail, telegraph or express promptly attended to.
Immortelles, Immortelle Lettering, Wire Designs, Coil Wire
Tinfoil, Bleached Wheat, Match Sticks, Toothpicks, con-
stantly on hand .and sold at lowest wholesale rates. (For-
merly with W. J. Stewart.) dl2

SEND FOR TRADE LIST.

jI12

King's Highway, Gravesend, L. I., N. Y.

WELL-ESTABLISHED FLORIST'S BUSINESS

FOR SALE

At Hagerstown, Md ; Location,
Buildings, Healing and Water all
lirst-class. A Growing Trade by
Express, as well as local patronage. Hagerstown is a pros-
perous R. R. center of .s,OU0 population, with a fine, well-
settled surrounding country. Can be sold with ox without
neat cottage dwelling house. A good opening for man of
energy and moderate capital. For further particulars ad-

j^^^' J, W. DAYHOFF, Hagerstown. Md.

A I \# ^~0 ^^ ~COWS~prevtiited sacking
#\ Li V t 9 each other, also SELF-SUCK-

ENG, by Rice's Patent Weaner. Used by all Stock
Raisers. Prices by mail, postpaid— For Calves till 1 year
old, 55c.; till 2 years old, 80c. ; older, $1.12. Circulars free.
Agents wanted.

H. C. RICE, Farmington, Conn.

LOW PRESSURE ».»■•'

Steam Heating

DWELLINGS AND GREENHOUSES.

mhtt GEKMANTOWN, PHILA.

THE GRANGER FRUIT AND VEGETABLE
EVAPORATORS.

$3.50. $6, and $10. Send for Circular.
EASTERN MANUFACTURING CO..

268 South Filth Street. Phila.

ap3

Bro. Jonathan's Jokes

Sun pages, ninatrated. Sent,
Postpaid, foiTwelve Cents.
KxoelsIorPubUsliiBgUoosc. 29&31 Beelu]iaDSt.,XenYock.

FUN

m DESCRIPTIVE
GATALO&UE

MY WHOLESIILE

Of Choice Greenhouse ami Bedding Plants ; Orchids,
Roses and Shrubs ; Flower and Vegetable Seeds ; mailed
to all ai>plicants. ,\ddress,

WM. C. WILSON, Florist,

ASTORIA, L. I., N. Y.
Or, City Store, 46 TFest 14th St., N. Y. City. myS

TOBACCO STEMS,

In bales weighing aOOlbs. each, at S5.00 per bale, or three

bales for 812.00.
TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board ol boats or cars,

ni2 Straiton & Storm,

204-208 Bast 27th St., New York City.

Carnation Plants

ROOTED CCTTINGS of .above will be ready for delivery
in February and Florets and Smilux at all times.

THOMAS r. SEAL,

ntf Unionville. Chester Co.. Pa.

THOMAS YOUNG, Jr.,

WHOLESALE FLORIST,

NO. II WEST 27TH STREET,
NEZIV YORK.

.^-CHOICE ROSES A SPECIALTY.-SS sl2

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Something New in Water Heaters

Please take Notice.

Sectional View of Carmody's Patent

Especially adapted to the heating of

And other Buildings wliere tlie HOT WATER system is desired.

This Heater is romposeil of sections, and
eaii be enlarged or (liniinislied in size at will.

By removing the impaoting sections it be-
comes a lirst-class saddle boiler.

It can be used in connection with a flaa
along the ground, or not, at pleasure.

it requires no tire pit, where water is liable
to extinguish the fire.

It burns soft coal as well as hard, and does
not clog up with soot.

It has more heating surface in proportion
to its size than any other boiler in the market.

It is the CHEAPEST and most durable first-
class boiler made.

For Descriptive Circular and Price L,l8t>
address the Proprietor,

J. D. CARMODY,

FLORIST.

EVANSVILLE, IND.

HOW TO HEAT A GREENHOUSE WITH WATER.

The inventcir of this Heater ha-^ lately pub-
lisbed an illustrated treatise on the above sub-
ject, which every Florist should possess, as it
gives full instruction bow to set the boiler, ar-
range the pipe, make joints, mend leaks, and
much other desirable information. In tact, any
one by following its directions can pipe their
own houses without the assistance of a plumber
or high-priced labor. Price 50 cents. Address,

J. D. CARMODY,

tstf £van8ville, Ind.

-4^

*~:^

spe:ci.a.i.s

.$10.00

LILIUM AURATUM.

Fine Bulbs, per 100

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

All the very heat new and old kinds at cheap
rates.

CARNATIONS.

The following are unsurpassed, viz.: BLACK
KNIGHT, MRS. F. MANGOLD, FAIRY
PRINCESS, PETUNIA, ROSALIND, per 100
$6.00, per 1000 $50.00. JAS. Y. MURKLAND,
the most beautiful of all Scarlets. »12 per 100.

jll2

VIOLET SWANLEY WHITE.

Per 100 J6.00

VENICE AND NEW YORK.

Per 100 S12.00

These are really desirable.

ASPARAGUS TENUISSIMUS.

Per 100 SIO.OO

JNJo florist should be without this and the truly
valuable

STREPTOSOLON JAMESONI.

The finest of all Spring-flowering market plants.
Per 100 S6.00

V. H. HALLOCK, SON & THORPE, Hinsdale P. 0., Queens, N. Y.

TREE SEEDLINGS Indian Azaleas,

For Timber Plantations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen Immense .>tock.
Lowest Prices. Gre^t Variety. Catnlogiii' pree

J. JENKINS,

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

™iii2 Winona, Colunnbiana Co., Ohio.

TRADE SIZES AND SPECIMENS.

MolllH and Ghent Azaleas*. Khododenroni*, ramelliaSf
OrchidH. PalmHund lieneral Kuropeau Stock. Apply to

A.. VA.N GEERX,

mhtf Continental Nurseries. Ghent. Belgluw.

LOUIS BOEHMER, FRUIT CULTURE

EXPORTER OF

k.

.\nil llii' 1,.\YIN(; (lilt :in.l M AN A( JKMKNT of a

J, xyuiuu, uuuuM,
NOS. 4. 5 <Sc 28 Br.XJFF,

Prices on apiilication. [112] YOKOHAMA. JAPAN

COUNTRY HOME.

BY WM. C. STRONG.

205 pages, Iflmo, cloth. Price, 81.00, by mail, post-paid.
.Vildrcss,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Pliila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

13

Special Ofer to Florists'^ Horticulturists

ROSES FOR FORCING THIS FALL AND FALL SALES.

Every order, larue or siuatl, will be shipped after Ist of October. All builrted on Seedling Briar; Two and
Tliree Tears Old, Grown for one year in tbis country. Very lari;e busbes.

PRICES OK PLANTS, INCLUDING PACKING

Standard Tree Roses $55 f! 100; $;iiiO ^ 1000

Half St.aiulaia Tree Roses ?25 " saxt "

Centifolia Roses, low budded SO " 8 85 "

Provence " " S9 " S 85 "

Moss " " SIO " $90 "

H. P. Moss " " $10 " $95 "

Briar Stocks, tit to graft on

China, or Monthly Roses (Everbloom-

ine), lowbud(ied $10^ 100; $ 90^ 1000

Tea-Scented Roses, low budded $11 " $100 "

Noisette " " $11 " $100 "

Bourbon " ■' $10 " $ 96 "

Hybrid Perpetual Roses, low budded. $10 " $95 "
$15 per 1000.

These prices are for all varieties in our Catalogue, including newer kinds, except Merveille de Lyon, $15 ^ 100.

The roses otfered \)elo\v are not imported ; tliey are gratted on seedling Briar .Stocks tliis Winter ; grown in 4-in. pots ;

plants in a tine growinf^ coiuliti<in. Delivered any time after April 1st, during the Summer. Wend your orders.

The NEW YELLOW HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSE — GLOIRE LYONNAISE- obtained by crossins Mine. Falcot (Tea) with

Baroness Rutlischild (H. P.) 1 plant 50c., $3 per 10, $7 per 25, $12 per 50, $20 per 100.

888 Niphetos $2.00 ^ doz.; $15.00^ 100 | 2824 Red Malmaison $2.00 ft doz

389 Perle des J.ardins $2.00 " $12.00

288 Catherine Mermet $2.00 "

4010 Duke of Connaught S'i.OO "

418 Souv. d'un Ami $2.(iU "

8070 Pierre Guillot $;i 00 "

8819 Souv. de Therese Levet $3.00 "

PANSY SEEDS in 46 choice varieties, uilxed $5 per oz.

8216 Princesse of \V.ales $3.00

8223 l.;uly Marie FitzwUliam $3.00

364 Mareschal Niel $2.00 ■•

Douglas 25 cts ea.

Will. Francis Bennett $1.75 each .

Queen of Queens, New 50 cts. ea

LILY OF THE VALLEY PIPS. .$2 ^ 100, $15 ^ 1000, $145 %1 10,000

SCHULTHEIS BROTHERS, Rose Growers,

tjll2

P. O. Box 78. College Point, L. I., N. Y.

A PRIZE

Send six cents for postage, and re-
ceive free, a costly box of p:oods
which will help you to more money right away than anything
else in this world. All. of either wex, succeed from first hour.
The broad road to fortune opens before the workers, ahso-
lutely sure. At once address, True & Co., Augusta. Me. mh6

WEBSTER.

Id Sheep, Russia and Turkey BindIn gs.

fOlGTIONA^y^^UPPUHEHT-

Get the Standard.

f^ ^VWKViebite:T—\i has 118,000 Words,
Ur£l A 3000 Engravings, and n New
Biograplilcal I>ictioiiary,

TTTX' Standard in Gov't Printing Office.

X XX£i 38,000 copies in Public Schools.
^^^^ ^^ Sale 20 to 1 of any other series.
TJ^^Cjrilaidtomakea Famil.v intt^llipent.
O^lSX Best help for i;CHOLARS,

TEACHERS and SCHOOLS.
49- The vocabulary contains 3000 more words
than are found in any other American Dictionary.

The Unabridged is now pupplipd, at a small ad-
ditional cost, Willi DENISON'.S

PATENT REFERENCE INDEX.

"The greatest improvement in book-maliing that

nas been made in a hundred years."
C. & C. MERRIAM & CO., Pub'rs, Springfield, Mass.

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISU.

Being descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties ; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pagea, 12mo, cloth. Price, $2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Flowering Plants,

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF

GREAT BRITAIN

And their allies, the Club Mosses, Pepperwortn and
Horsetails.

By ANNIE PRATT,
6 vols, octavo, cloth, gilt. 319 full colored plates. Dlustra-
ting 1.543 species figured with index in each vol. with botani-
cal and common name referring to plate, figure and paper.
Price $;i2..50 sent post-paid. Address.

CHAS. H. niAKOT, 814 Chestnut Street, Fhila.

Every Woman

HER OWN FLOWER GARDENER.

BY DAISY EYEBRIGHT.

niustrated. 148 pages, small 8vo, cloth. Price, SI. 00; by
mall post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

By Cbas. Darwin.

With conioua descriptive contents and index. Uluatrated.
462 pages, r2mo, clolh. PriceS7.(iO.
Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Wheat Culture;

How to Double the Yield and Increase the Profits.

By D S. CURTISS.
72 pages, illustrated. Price 50 cents, mailed, post-paid, on re-
ceipt ofprice. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Art of Propagation.

i Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and Every-
A. body, 32 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 25 cuts, price 30
cents. Mailed, postage free, on receipt ot price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St. Phila.

«4

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Stock Plants

FOR FLORISTS ONLY ™\SJerf!,rtTe

Wasliiiigton Market from 50,000 to 120.000 Bedding
Plants, annually, I have tested a great many varieties, and
throw out all poor ones. I otter in my list only the Best Old
and Newer Kinds; especially to beginners in the business,
viz.:

175 Chrysanthemums for SIO.OO

140 Geraninms, Zonale and Scented 8.00

60 Fuchsias 3.00

40 Verbenas 2.00

24 Carnations 2.00

16 Begonias 1.00

6 I.antans, 6 Heliotropes, each 36

6 Achlranthus, 5 Alternantheras, each 25

24 ColeuB 1.00

10 BUscellaneouB Plants 60

ROOTED CARNATION CUTTINGS now ready, at $1.50
per 100, $12.00 per 1000, as lonj; as supply lasts, in following
varieties : Pres. de Graw, Hiiize's White, Peter Henderson,
Edwardsii, Philadelphia, Lady Emma, Pres. Garfield, King
of Crimsons.

Or the whole collection of 500 plants, all labeled, for 826.00.
For Descriptions, see my Wholesale Catalogue.

Nicholas Studer,

tsl2 FLORIST,

ANACOSTIA P. 0., WASHINGTON, P. C.

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day Handbook for the Farm. Full
of Labor-saving devices and Home-made contrivance.s,
within the reacli of all. Contains the best ideas gathered
from a score of practical men in all departments of Farm
Labor. 212 Illustrations. 240 pages, 12 mo, cloth. By mail,
post paid, for $1.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HOMHOLD^ONVEIIIENCES

Being the experience of many practical writers. Bring-
ing together the devices that hundreds of housekeepers
have found useful in their own homes. The "Conveniences"
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
ing that they may lighten the labor and "save steps" to
many an over-worked housekeeper. 220 Illustrations, 240
pacee, 12 mo, cloth. Sent by mail, post paid, for $1.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MaKOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

TO THE TRADE OF

Ornamental, Decorative and Flo^vering Plants Suit-
able for Growing on for Fall and Winter Sales.

Perdoz. Per 100

Asparacjus tenuissimus. 2i/^-in. pots 1 50 10 CO

Begonia, Tuberous and Rooted choice strain

of seedlinKs, from 2;.i-in. pots 1 25 10 00

Begonia metalli. a, i^-in. pots 1 00 S 00

Chrysanthemums, J', J J, (its, 100 finest varieties 1 00 6 00
Caladiums, fancy, best collection in the

country, 2>-J-in. pots 2 CO 15 00

Dracaena termmalis, 2}^-in. pots 1 00 7 00

" 3in. " 1 50 10 00

4in. " 2 50 20 00

'• cordylina indivisa, 3-in. pots 125 8 00

" " " 5-in. pots 3 00 2.5 00

— FERNS. ^

Adiantum cuneatura, 2}^-in. pots 1 00 8 00

" gracilimum, 3-in. pots 125 10 00

" pubescens, 3-in. pots 100 8 00

Dicksonia Antarctica, 2)^-in. pots 100 6 00

3in. pots 150 8 00

Gymnogramma argyrophilla, 2><-in. pots 1 25 10 00

chrysophilla, 2)^in. pots 125 10 00

Pteris argyrea, 2J^-in. pots 76 6 00

" credica alba lineata, 3-in. pots 100 7 00

" tremula, 232-in. pots 75 5 tO

Hydrangea rosea, 3-in. pots 3 00

Impatiens Sultani alba, 2>^-in. pots 2 00

Musa ensete, $1 .50 each 18 00

Pandanus utilis, 4-in. pots 300 2500

— PALMS.^^

Areca lutescens, 2)^-in. pots 2

" " 3in. pots 4

" *' 4-in. pots 5

" " 5-in. pots 7

" rubra, 2K-in. pots 2

" Verschafelti, 3J^-in. pots 9

Cocos Wedelliana, 2J^-in. pots 3

" plumosus, 3-in. pots 1

Latania Borbonica, 2J^-in. pots

" *' 3-in. pots 1

" " 4-in. pots 2

Oreodoxa regia, 3-in. pots 1

Ptychosj)erma Alexandra, 2^-in. pots 1

Se'at'orthia elegans, 3V^-in. pots 1

** " 3-in. pots 1

" " 4-in. pots 2

" " 5-in. pots 6

" " 8-in. pots 48

Also a full line of general Greenhouse Stock.
mailed on application.

HENRV A. DR££R,

714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BY ISAAC F. TILL1NOHA8T.

Containing the experiences ol the author in starting all those
kinds of vegetables wnich are most difficult for a novice to produce
firom seed ; with the best methods known for combating and repell-
ing noxious insects and preventing the diseases to which garden
vegetables are subject. loa pages, i6mo, cloth, price, $1.00,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhlU.

PATENT BINDER^

For the Gardener's Monthly, Numbers filed with the greatest
convenience. Preserve them filed lor reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 40
cents each. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St. PhlU.

.50

20 00

(K)

30 00

(H)

40 00

50

60 00

50

20 00

00

75 00

(H)

20 00

50

10 00

75

5 00

(K)

8 00

00

15 00

00

6 00

00

800

00

600

2,5

800

OU

15 00

(10

40 00

00

Trade Lut

AMERICAN GARDENER'S ASSISTANT.

By Thomas Bridgeman.

Containing complele practical directions for the cultivation of
Vegetables, Flowers, Fruit Tree.s and Grapevines. Illustrated.
629 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $2.60. Sent by mall post-paid on
receipt of price.

Addresj CHA.S. H. MAROT,

814 CbestDut St., Flilla.

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henry T. Williams.

DcToted specially to the Culture of Flowers and OmameBtal
Plants for Jn-door «« and Parlor Decoration.

trated. 300 pages, med. flvo, cloth,
post-paid on receipt of price.
Address

Splendidly lllus-
Price $1.60. Sent by mail

CHAS. H. MAROT,

fil4 Chestnut St.. PUla.

BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

By «ToHiah Houpes.

A practical treatise on the Conilorw or Cone-bearing plants.
Handsomely Ulufltrated. 435 pagea. I'imo, cloth. Price $3.00-
Seul by mail post-paid on receipt uf price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 ChenUut St., Phil*.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

IS

FOREIGN GRAPE YINEQ

I FOP r.PAPPPiP<% ^^

PRICE:

FOR GRAPERIES

, One year old vines, $1.00 each.
Two year old vines, $2.00 each.

Frontignan Grizzly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg Wilmot'a,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria.
Lady Down's Seedling,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz,
Trentham Black,
White Nice,
White Syrean,
\Vhite Sweetwater,
White Tokay.

Bov/ood Muscat,
Muscat Hamburg,
Canon Hall Muscat,
Madresfield Court Muscat,
Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat,
Muscat of Alexandria,
Black Prince,
Black Alicante,
Black Barbarossa,
Black St. Peter's,
Buckland Sweetwater,
Calabrian Raisin,
Chasselasde Fontainebleau,
Chasselas White,
Chasselas Golden,
Duchess of Buccleuch,
Frontignan \Vhite,

Catalogue sent free on application.
We would also call special attention to our stock of
Camellias, Azaleas, Acacias, Roses and general collection
of winter-blooming ornamental foliage and bedding plants

DAVID FEEGDSSON k SONS, Laurel Hill Nnrseries,

t.f.12 Ridge and Lehigh Avenues, Phlladelphli, Pa.

TF you wish to make the

Gardeners' Monthly

THREE TIMES AS VALUABLE,

BIND THE NUMBERS

Of each year. The index for the year's volume makes every
article in it easily accessible, and you will be surprised to
find how fresh and satisfactory the magazine is for reference.
It vou have no bookbinder in convenient reach, mail us
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HOW THE FARM PAYS.

I%e Experiences of hO years of Successful Farming and
Gardening^ by the authors

■WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

Profusely Illustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
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FOB

YOUNG AND OI.D.

The Cultivation of Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden.

BY JOSEPH HABRIS, M. S.

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INJMODS TO FRDITS.

By Wm. Saunders, F. R. 8. C.

Dedicated to the Fruit Growers of America. 8 vo., cloth,
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-*-NEW FANCY CALADIUMS-*-

I,' Albans, Madame M. ScheflVr, Clio. Jlons. A. Har-
dy, Mons. J. Linden, Vircinalis, La Perle de BrezU,
nidme. F. Koehlln, Annibal. Leopold Robert, Albo-
luteuni, Salvator rosa, Mdine. A. Bleu, Vesta, Queen
Victoria, Viscoiintesse de la Roque, Ordan, Tenuis,
Paul Veronese, Conitesse de niaille.

Of the above 1 can supply immense imported dry bulbs,
particularly suitable for exhibition, or to be divided for
stock. Plants supplied from this source have received first
and seconil prizes wherever exhibited.
CYCAS REVOLUTA, 600 cultivated stems from 50c. to »10ea.

H. WATERER, Importer ol Plants and Bulbs,
tju 3809 Powellon Avenue, Philadelphia.

HOW to PROPACATE

groVfruit

BY CHAS. A. GREEN.

64 pages. Octavo. Dlustrated with 2 colored plates and
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PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMtTEL B. PARSONS.

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ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
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byWM. PADL.

92 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, SI 00

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FOR THE NATURALIST AND ANGLER.

DR. JAMES A. HENSHALL'S

BOOK OF THE BLACK BASS.

Comprising its complete Scientific and Life HistorieSj to-
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The Botanist's Pocket Book.

4th Edition, cloth limp, pp. 208. By W. B. Hayward.
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i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

NURSERY Mi GREENHOUSES

FOR SALE IN ST. LOUIS

Land '^ acroH, on
Olive St., running
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fjrowth ; immense improvements going on all arfnind. Near
new cahle road ; close to Forest Park of 1,200 acn's. Killed
with best assortment of Evergreen and Deeidiious Stock in
St. Louis. Over ({,0110 ft. of glass, heated by hot water ; all
nearly new. Neat cotta^;*', 0 rooms; large stable, well, cis-
tern— everything comiilcte; long established, good run of
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THE ORCHID ALBUM

A Serial Monthly Work on Exotic Orchids. Conducted by
Robert Warner and Bexjamix S. Williams. Botaniea'l
Descriptions by Thomas Moore, Curator of Chelsea
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are drawn and colored in the best style. The text comprises
English botanical descriptions of the i>lants, notes on their
cultivation and such general observations as may prove of
interest and utility to orchid-growers. The subjects selected
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Sold by subscription and issued in regular monthly parts, at
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rNJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

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By MARY TREAT.

Fully Illustrateii. 288 pages. 12ino, cloth.
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MUSHROOMS

For the MILLION, a Prarticnl Treatise on the cultivation

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Architects'and Builders' Pocket Companion

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100,000

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THE NEW BOTANY

A Lpcture on the Best Metliod of Teaching the Science.
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" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
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il "—London Journal of Horticulture.

"No better service could be rendered to botanists and
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Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
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"It would be difficult to overestimate the difference be-
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Some Fine Englisli BoM

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British Sea Weeds, Mosses, Ferns and Entomology,

square, 16mo, gilt, 89 plates, 4 vols 12.00

English Flower Garden. Robinson, illustrated 6.00

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Pratt. 6 vols., 3iy colored plates 32.50

Gilpins' Forest Scenery 3.00

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Half-Hours in the Green Lanes 2.00

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Low's Fernsof Great Britain. 8 vols., M tky 80.00

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N't'-; (.'table Worhl. Figuier, 470 Illustrations, in calf 6.00

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AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY.

By Robert Buist.
With practical directions for the Culture of Plants in Flower-
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for every mouth of the year. Instructions for erecting Hot-
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814Cli.>sMint St i^htla.

SWEET POTATO CULTURE.

GIVING FULL INSTHUCTIONS FROM

STARTING THE PLANTS TO HARVESTING
AND STORING THE CROP.

WITH A CHAPTER ON THE CHINESE YAM.

BY JAMKS KIT/.,

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

NOW READY FOR DELIVERY.

SUI-D ONLY nV SintSCKIPTION.

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A popular review, containing chapters on Orchid Life,
Orchid Flowers, Orchid Mysteries, Orchid Homes, Uses of
Orchids, History of Orchids, Value of Orchids, Hybrid
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Opinions.— Sir Trevor i.awreuce, Bart , M.P.: "' A useful
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read your essay upon Orchids with the greatest interest.
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no better introduction for the use of visitors to the Orchid
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12mo, 60 pages, 13 illustrations. Price 50c., by mail.
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SCOTT'S

Simplities the art of Reckoning, and is worth its weight in
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Lands, Carpenters', Plasterers', Bricklayers* work, etc. It
alBo teaches entirely new, easy and practical RULES
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and LICJHTNINQ Calculator, Memorandum, perpetual Cal-
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No. I, Eng. Cloth, plain, with memorandara. 8 .50

No. 2, " with slate, pocket, flap and mem. .75

No. 3, Full Leather, " " '* 1.00

No. 4, " Morocco, *' '* ** 1.26

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Art of Grafting and Budding

By CHARLES BALTET,
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PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United Htates, both
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of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated,
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CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phtla.

Mmmm directory

CURRENT EDITION.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
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THE PEACH;

Its Cnltnre anfl Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ex-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Kruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Gro^v^ers aud

Gardeners of Pennsylvania aud all DiMtricts

att'ected by the ** VellowH** aud other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, $1.00. Paper, 60 cents.

Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

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A NEW BOOK I
NOW READY.

THE ROSE

A treatise on the Cultivati<.ni, History, Family Character-
istics, etc., of the various groups of Kosea, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELLWAJSIGER.
Pp. 293, I8mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
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HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowbbs m the Garden and the Housh ; giving
AxTKCHons short, sharp and decisive \\ow to overcome every insect
HDcmy that infects flowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors,
*hich troubles window Gardens; which eats up the vegetables of
[he garden; which devours the fruit trees, shrubs and vines, and
lives in the homes of anxious, tired housekeepers. Paper, 100 pages.
Price, 30 cents, postage free.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street.Philadelphia.

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. FU1.LER.

Giving Description, History, Cultivation, Propagation, Dis-
i.Ac.

Beautifully Illustrated.

276 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price S1.50. Sent by mail, post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

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EETJIT frROWER'S ERIEO.

AN EASY GUIDE FOR THE

Raising of Fruitsfor Pleasure or Profit

BY R. H- HAINES.

Paper, 34 pp., 8vo, price 30 cents; mailed post-paid on receipt
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814 Chestnut Street, Phiu^,

18

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTIbER.

^TEACHING^

AND SELF-TEACHING BY

NATURAL METHODS.

cts

The New Botany, by Prof. Beal, paper, Price 25

Industrial Education in the Public Schools, by Prof.

Straight, paper 15

How to Use Wood- Working Tools, by Geo. Leonard

Chaney, cloth 60

GUIDES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING.
Published under the Auspices of Boston Society of

Natural History.
No. I— About Pebbles, by Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, paper 15
*' II— Concerning a Few Common Plants, by Prof.

(jJooilale, paper 25

*' m— Coninif.Tci;il and other Sponges, by Prof. A.

HyatI, I Must rated, paper 30

" IV— First I.fssuii in Natural History, by Mrs. Eliza-
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" V — Common Hydndds, Corals and Echinoderms, by

Prof. A. i'lyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

•• VI— Mollusca; Oyster, Clam and other Common

Mollusks by Prof. A. Hyatt, paper, III 35

" VII— Worms and Crustacea, by Prof. A. Hyatt, Illus-
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'* Xn— Common Minerals and Rocks, by Prof. W. O.

Crosby, paper 35

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GAGTAGEOJS PLAIUrS

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Caiitle, formerly of the Royal Gardens, Kew.
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Oneilal Gariesiii i kmmm

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GARDENING FOR PROFIT.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the succesaful cultivation of the
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New and enlarged edition. IlluBtrated. 276 Pages, 12mo, cloth.
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ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

Ttie BEST METHODS EMPLOYED in ENGLAND aoil FEAMCE.

BY JAME.S BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. LelKiiufs Kssay on Asparagus,
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Select [xtra-Tfopical Plants.

Readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalization.
with indications of their native countries, and some ot
their uses, hy Baron Ferd. Von Mueller, K. C. M. G., M. D.,
Ph. D., F. R 8., Government Bot;inist of Australia ; H<m-
orary or Corresponding Member of Scientific Societies and
Academies in Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco,
Chicago, Kingston, Mexico, Caracas, Buenos Ayres.

The question of tree culture is one to which the people of
this country must, before the lapse of many years, ot neces-
sity give their attention. In Baron von Mueller's book the
trees and plants not indifjenous to this country, but capable
of cultivation here, are given, with such description of them
and of the particular sections to which they are adapted, as
makes it an indispensable work to those "interested in im-
proving our native floral wealth. American edition, revised
and enlarged. 450 pages. Octavo. Cloth. Price, 83.U0; mailed,
post-paid.

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PRACtTcaL FlToRJCULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

for the Amateur and Pro/essumal Florist. Illustrated. 288 pages,
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GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETER HENDEE.SON.

A guide to the \mateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
QreenhouBe, Conservatory and 'Window-Qarden.
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The Orchids of New Eogland.

A Popular Monograph, By Henry Balilwin.

Octavo, 157 page.s, 62 Illustrations, fine English cloth. Price
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CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BACK VOLUMES

OF THE

Can still be had in numbers, per year - - - - |2 ( 0

Bound in neat cloth cases, including numbers, - - - 2 76

"HRoan. " " - - . 300

Doth oases alono, mailed for •---•- - 60

Dtlivtrtd posiagt free .
Dr mail us your own numbers, and have them bound in cloth cases
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Address,

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YOUR PLANTS

nV JAMES .SHEEIIAN.

PLAIN and PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS for the TREAT-
MENT of TENDER and HARDY PLANTS in the

HOXTSE A.MI3 GARDEN.

12uio, paper, 79 pages. Price, mailed, post-p;iiti, 40 cents.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut .Street, Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

19

ICONOGRAPHY

indian"azalea8,

Containingplates and descriptions of some of the best old
and new varieties,

BY AUGUST VAN QEKRT.

With the assistance of the principal Horticulturists and
Amateurs, and translated by Th. Moore, Jr.

This splendidly illustrated work should be in the hands of
every practical gardener and lover of plants.

To nurservmen and florists it is a valuable vade mecuTn to
resort to. The plates will prove most useful in the oflBce
and will no doubt help and increase the sale of this popular
class of plants.

The amateur will find it an interestine book to consult for
the formation of his collection. Besides it is a splendid
volume for the library or drawing room.

(Quarto, thirty-six splendid colored plates and 81 pp. text.
Price S7.50, mailed post free. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUadelphia.

HAVE YOU YET SECURED A "

PHOTOGRAPH

OF THE

L s[CK[L ?m mu

150 TO 200 VKARS OLD AND STI1.L, STANDINOI

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TfucI Farmiog at the Soutti

A Guide to the Raising of Vegetables lor Nortliern iitarkett.

BY DR. A. OEMLER,

Prest. of Chatham Co., Georgia, Fruit and Vegetable
Growers Association. Illustrated. 12 mo., cloth, pp. 270.
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HINTS FOR PAINTERS,

Decorators and Paper-Hangers.

being a selection of useful rules, data, memoranda, methods
and suggesti<ms of house, ship and furniture painting, paper-
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BY AN OLD HAND.
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HOUGH'S^EMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to atford Information concerning the Planting
%nd Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit : and giving
Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and ConditioDS
of the United States.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH. PH.D..

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

Large 12mo, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, $2.00. Will
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POCKET M/\GNIFIER8.

No. 3014. Price, 80 cents.
HARD RUBBER CASES AND FRAMES.
No. 3010 1 dbl convex lens, oval shape, ^^in. diam..

1

" 1 & 11^

" i'4&ig

" 1K&1J4

bellows shape,

(see cut)"

' diaphragm case % <fe K "
?• V to K "

.80

.40

.60

.75

.90

1.25

.80

1.00

1.25

1.50

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.90

1.25

1.00

1.25

3011 1

3012 1

3012K— 1

30i:i 1

" 3013K-1

" 8014 2

" 3014)^—2

" 301.5 2

" 3()15H— 2

' 3016 1

•' 3017 1

" 3019 2

" 3020 2

" 3022 3

" 302:1 3

" 3024 2

" 3024H— 3

" 8025-^ — Hard rubber case, 1 lens, %in. diam., of high
power at one end, and 1 lens, 5iin. diam., of
medium power at other end 1.25

Order them by numbers. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price. Address, CHAS. H. MAKOT,

814 Chestnut .St.. PhiKadelphia.

HOW TO LAY OUT A GARDEN.

By Edward Kemp,

A general guide in Choosing, Forming and Improving an Es-
tate (from a quarter-acre to a hundr d acres iu extent), with
reference to both design aod execution. Illustrated with nu-
merous plans, sections and sketches. 403 pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price ^2.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt ot'pri e.
Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

BY JAMES HOGG.

A complete guide to the cultivation of Vegetables, containing
thorough instructions for Sowing, Planting and Cultivating all kinds
of Vegetables; with plain directions for preparing, manuring and
tilling the soil to suit each plant; including also a summary of the
work to be done in a vegetable garden during each month of the
year. 137 pages, i6mo, cloth. Illustrated. Price 50 cents; sent
by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

Br Shirley Hibberd-
A handy guide to the construction and management of plant
houBes and the selection , cultiTation and improvement of orna-
mental greenhouse and conservatory plants. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages, cloth, 12mo.
Price $3.00. Sent by mall postpaid on receipt of price.

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

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Toixotlior with Complete Plans and Specifications. Over
100 Kiic;raviiif;s ol Designs and Plans of Cottages and
Country Houses, (.-ostinii troni $200 to 8o,o00. By S. H. Kef,»,
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12 mo, mailed, post-paid, for 81.2-1. Address,

CHAS. H. MAHOT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

PEAR CULTURE FOR PROFIT.

BY P. T. QUINN.

A practical Horticulturist, and author of "Money in the
Garden."

CnutalninK practical method of raising Pears Intelligently
and with beat results: character of soil, best mode of preparing
It; beat varieties to select under existing conditions; test mode
of planting, pruning, fertilizing, grafting, and utilizing the
ground before the trees come into bearing, and finally gathering
and packing for market Illustrated with practical cuts on
pruning and grafting, distance table and orchard record. 186
pages, I2mo. cloth. Price, Si. Sent by mail, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 ChestnutStreet.Phlla.

AND THE GAME
WATER BIRDS

Of the Atlantic Coast and the Lakes of the United States.
By Robert liamwell Roosevelt. With a full acconnt of
the sportinp along our se.tshores and inland waters and
remarks on liroeoh loaders and hammerles.s guns. Illus-
trateil and with a portrait of the author. Cloth, 12 mo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of S2.00. Address,

UHA.S. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

Wlefock'sStfawbefrfCulturist

(OUT OF ritlNT.)

A few more oopie-s left at 60 cents. Mailed, post paid on
receipt of i)riie.

(•HAS. H. MAROT, 81 1 Cliestnut St., Phila.

HOUSE PLANY FOR EVERYBODY,

FOR VILLAGK AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES, COSTING

FROM $250 TO $8,000.

By S. B. REED, ARCHITECT.

Including full descriptions, .ind estimate in dctnilof matenal, labor,
cost, with many practical suggestions, and I?.'* illustrations; 248
pages, 12ino, cloth. Price, 8^1.50 mailed, post-paid on receiptot
Price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT.8U Chestnut St., PbiU.

HANDBOOK OF PLANTS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A oonolne, yet compreheDslve Dictionary ofFlantSi
Asa book ul referenc^e li will take the place for all practical
purpoMefi, of the expenalve and Tolumlnoaa European
werks of this kind. Has been written with Hpecial view to
the 'wantB of the climate of the United Staten, both in
maiU^rs uf propagation and pnlture. Instruciiuno fur cul-
ture of many important plants, oMCh as the Korte, have been
given at length. Scope of work embracefi botanical name,
derivation, Llnnwan and natural orders ul all leading
genera uf ernaniental or UHeful plants up to prevent
time. All Ituportant specleB and varieties with brief In-
Htructlons for propa(;ation and culture A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local nr couiuaon
names. Arrangi-meut ol bouk is alphabetical, and any
plani can be quickly referred to under scleutltic or com-
mo n name. Index is added wbere Impurtaut plants or
model nf culture can he referred to at unce. Also compre-
hensive tclossary of botanical and teohntoal terms, with
general hortlt'ultural terms and practices, of great ralue
tu the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fine
paper, handsomely hound in cloth. Sent by mail, postage paid,
on receiptor price, $3.00. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BARRY'S-

Fruit Garden,

NEW EDITION,

RBVISKD AND BROUGHT DOWN TO DATE BT

P. BARRY.

Illustrated, pp. 516, fine cloth. Price, {2.50, mailed, poBV
age free. AddresB,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnnt Street. Philadelphia.

HOW TO MANAGE BUILDINQ ASSOCIAIIONS.

Bv Edmihjd Wriglev,
Being a Director's Guide and Secretary's Assistant, with forms
for Keeping Books and Accounts, also rules, examples and explana-
tions illustrating the yarious plans of working, an pages, ismo,
cloth. Price, ^2.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt tS" price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Benjamin S. Williams, F.R.H.S.
Comprising descriptions of 950 choice species and varieties, Bril-
i«h and Exotic, with directions for their management in the Tropical,
Temperate .-md Hardy Fernery, with numerous beautiful full-page
illustrations. 353 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, |3.50, Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT

814. Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE WILD GARDEN;

Or, Oar Groves and Shrubberies made Beautiful by the
Naturalization of Hardy Kxotlo riants.

By W. ROBINSON, F. L. S.
With Frontispiece. 336 pages, iimo, cloth. Price, I4.COW
Mailed postage free, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 ChestnutSt., Phlla.

By Edward Spragucs Rand, Jr.

AtreatUeoD Hardy andTenderbulbsand Tubers. 369pages, lamo,

cloth. Price, $0.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt o< pries.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, B14 Chestnut Succt, PhiU.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

21

SECOND-HAND BOOKS

BY MAIL ON RECEIPT OF PRICE.

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Allen's Domestic Animals ? V/i

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Braikett's Karin Talk 60

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Bridgenian's American Kitchen Gardener 50

Butler's Kamily A(iuarium 50

Coles American Veterinarian 60

Coultas' Principles t)f Hutany 50

Downing's Cottii-if Kc-;! deuces 1 25

" Lwindscapc *_iardening and Rural Archit. . 4 50

" Rural Kssays 3 85

Emmon's Agriculture "of N. Y., 3 vols. 4to, plates, At. 15 00

Fruit, Flower and VcKctaVde Gardener's Companion. . 1 00

Fulton on Peach Culture 1 25

Grape Culture and the strawberry, Buchanan 75

Green and Cou*;ihurs Hotaiiy, (.Quarto. Illustrated 1 60

Guide to the Orchard, Floy 1 00

Hall-hours in the Green I..anes. Taylor, Illustrated I 75

Harris on Injurious Insects, colored plates 6 50

Hayne's American Farrier 25

Hey's Mrs., Sylvan .Musinps 23col. plates, full calf.... 6 00
Hotfey's ,\. A. Pomologist (Dr. Brinkle) 36 col. plates,

(Quarto 3 00

Hooper's Western FruitBook 1 00

''^ • " " 50

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Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants A Fl'r.s, col. plates, full calf. 6 00

Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants & Flowers, col. plates, cloth. 4 50

Liebeg's runiers' Chemistry, 1394 pp., 8vo S 50

Lvman'H Cotton Culture

Maclioiiald's Fooil from the Far West

MiM lick's .strawberry Culturist

Mcintosh's OrclKuil, with colored plates

Minot's l.and and (iiinic Birds of New England, IlI'd..

New .\niericaii (iard»'ner

Paxton's llort. Register, 2 vols, in one (lKll-1833)

Pliila(tcl|tliia Business Directctry, lh84, B<tyd

Prince on the Vine

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Randalls Sheep Husbandry

Hand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden, cloth

" " " >< tky, gilt edges

Riddell's Architect, folio, 14V^xl7J^ (col. plates)

Stewart's Stable Book

Studies, by J. A. Dorgan

Talpa, or Chronicles of a Clay Farm

Taylor's Bee Keepers Manuel, Illustrated

The Plant, a Biography, 5 col, plates and 13 wood eng's

Thompson's, The Food of Animals

Thomas' Fruit Culturist

Todd's How to Make Farming Pay

Turner's Cotton Pl.anters M.anual

Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler

Waring's Elements of Agriculture

William's Window Gardening

Wood rutrs Trotting Horses of America

Young Angler Illustrated

SI 10

2 00
60

3 00
2 60

76
1 00
76
75
76

1 25

2 26
260

10 00

1 26

75

75

1 60

2 60
75

1 75

2 00
1 10
1 60

75

1 25

2 00
76

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PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

Bonk for Bcjxinners with the .Microscope, Phin, boards, fully Illustrated 8 ,30

Cements and Glue, Phin, stitT covers .25

Chemical History of the Six Days of Creation, Phin, 12mo, cloth '76

Common Objects for the Microscope, 'Wood, 400 Illustrations, 12 colored plates SO

Diatoms, A. Mead Edwards, 12mo, cloth 75

Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements, Brown, Eleventh Edition 1.00

How to Use the Microscope, Phin, 8f) Engravings, tinted paper, 12mo 1.00

Lecttlres in a Wnrksliop. Pemberton, 12tiio, cloth 1.00

Microscope and Us Ktn-clations, Carpenter, pp. H.S2, cloth, 26 plates, 500 Engravings 6.A0

Microscopical Exaniinati<m of Drinking Water, McDonald, »vo, cloth, 24 plates 8.78

One Thousand Objects for the Microscope, Cooke, 12 plates, 500 figures, 12mo, boards 60

Ponds and Ditches, M. C. Cooke, 12mo, cloth 76

Section Cutting: "To Prepare and Mount .Sections for Microscope, Marsh, 12mo, cloth 76

Shooting on the Wing, by an Old Giimekeeper, 12mo, cloth '78

Steel So uare and Its ITses, Hodgson, cloth 78

Wood Engraving, Instruction in the Art, Fuller, fully Illustrated 30

Mailed, post free, on receipt of price. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

The Scientific Angler

Being a general and instructive work on Artistic Angling.
By the late David Foster.

Containing the habits and haunts of fish, bottom fishing
(general), pike tishing, spinning for trout, worm fishing for
trout, grub fishing for grayling, piscatorial entomology, on
fly making, ny fishing for trout and grayling, live fly and
beetle fislung. notes on the month tor tly fishing, salmon
and sea trout fishing, about hooks.

Pp. '247. Illustrated. Cloth, 12mn. Price, post-paid, 81.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

PRACTICAL HINTS

On the aelectlon and use of the

MICROSCOPE,

Intended lor beginners, by John Phin,
Editor of the Am. Journal of Microscopy. Fourth and en-
larged editton. Protusely Illustrated; 240 pp . 12mo, cloth.
Price, $1.00. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAJtOT, 814 Cheatnul St., PhlU,

MericuD Bane fiiM Siotiig

By JOHN MORTIMER MURPHY,

Author of Sporting Advniturea in the Far West^ Rambles in
Northwest Aynericay The Zoology and Resources of Ore-
gon and Washington Territon/. A Search for the
Mountain of Gold. T7ie Forester of the ArdenJies^
Adventures in the Wilds of Florida^ etc., etc.
Handsomely Illustrated. 347 pages. 12mo. Cloth. Tinted
Paper. Price, 82.00 by mail, post paid. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut St., Phi!a.

The Forester.

BY JAMES BROWN, LL.D.,

Inspector and Reporter Woods and Forests, Ontario. A
Practical Treatise on the Planting, Rearing and General
Management of Forest Trees. 5th Edition, Enlarged and
Improved. Profusely Illustrated. Royal 8v<t, }^ Roan, pp,
898. Price, 810.00, by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. PhUa.

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

23

G^COLORADO^^

AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.

Its Farms, Fields and Garden Lands.

BY WM. E. PABOR.

Illustrated, 213 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
$1.50, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

PRACTICAL AZALEA CULTURE.

A TREATISE on the PROPAGATION and CULTURE

OP THE

AZALEA INDICA,

BY ROBERT J. HaLUIDAY.
Illustrated, 110 pages, 12mo, cloth, price, J2.00. Mailed, post
paid on receipt of price. AHdress,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Fhlla.

HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa. Gray, M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structural Botany^ with a Popular
Flora, or an arrangement and description of Common Plants,
both wild and cultivated. Illustrated with 500 wood engravings.
233 pages, large 16mo, half-arabesque, paper sides. Price SI 25.
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INSECT LIVES ; or, Born in Prison,

BY JDLIA P. BALLARD.

A practical book for the Children, tending to interest
them in Natural History through this attractive branch of
it. This book answers in a natural manner the queries :
How shall we interest children 1 How shall we Jnost inter-
est them ? How shall we 6ftsMnterest them. 97 pp., square
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TALKS ABOUT FLOWERS.

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

"The author chats of flowers in a very entertaining and
instructive manner. Many valuable hints are given to
amateurs respecting the sowing of seeds, rooting of cuttings,
window gardening, insects on plants, etc., etc."— Concord
Monitor.

Pp lb'2 ; octavo, cloth, $1.00 ; paper, gilt, 60 cts. mailed, post-
paiu, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS, H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

By Geo. W. Johnson, Editor of " CotUge Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
[heir cultivation. New Edition, with a suoplement, iocluding the
new plants and varieties. ioi6 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
Jj.Ou. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

KEEPING ONE COW.

Being the experience of a number of practical writers, in a clear
and condensed form, upon the

Management of a Single Milch Cow.
Illustrated, 132 pages, cloth. Price, 81.00, mailed, post-paid, on
eceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPBOVEMENT,

BY WH. ROB1I4SOK.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, 7S«Btl.
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. BIAROT, 814 Ohetcnot St., Fhlla.

PLANT LIF[ ON THE

By Maxwell T. Mastei-s, M.D., F.R.S. Plant nutrition;
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HOW TO PAINT.

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Subtropical Garden;

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WINDOW FLOWER GARDEN.

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.V u£FORE BUYING GLASS.-- ESTIMATES

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HOW TO RAISE FRUIT

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THE EXETER

HEATINUPPA^IATUS,

GREENHOUSE HEATING
A SPECIALTY.

Our systems comprise Hot Water
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%^.t?g)mt^

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ftf

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The Floral Kingdom

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CONTENTS OF THE JULY NUMBER.

SEASONABLE HINTS :

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.
Fruit and Vegetable Gardening

193 1
204

191
191

197
198
198
199

199
20)
200
204
206
211
214
217
222
223

COMMUNICATIONS :

Clematis Native o f South Carolina

The Varieprated Eulalia

Notes on Mildew and Other Topics

Permanganate of Potash

The Relative Cost of Steam and Hot Water Heating

A Remedy for Ro3e Mildew

A Hybrid Between the Rose Geranium and the

Pelargonium

Shrubby BegoDia.s

Blind \<^oodin Rose Propagation

Cultivation ; as Atfecting the .Strawberry

Orapes in Paper Bags

Fragrance

Common Names of Plants

Interesting Places

AVorld's Kxposition

Floral Notes from New Orleans

EDITORIAL NOTES :

Cultivating the Mammoth Sequoia of California
—Tar Water Against Insects — Public School
Gardens — Magnolia cordata — Preserving Iron
Surfaces from Oxidation — Portraits from Bed-
ding Plants — Root Insects on the Clematis-
Spiraea astilboides 195-1B6

Rose Lusiades— Mimulus Culture in Pots 201-202

Cultivating Orchards— Artificial Manures — Peach
Yellows— Fire Blight in the Pear— Fruits to Eat
or Fruits to Sell— To Clean Mealy Bugs from
Hot-house Grapes— Classification of Apples^
The Pear as a Kamily Fruit— Clapp's Favorite
Pear in Europe— The Most Popular English
Apple — I.arge Pears — Wilson Junior, Blackberry
—The Regeneration of the Potato— Product of a

Single Potato— Tomatoes in Turkey 207-209

Forest Fires— Educated Foresters— Drainage for
Trees— A One-leaved Yellow Locust— Growth of
Timber in Rocky Land— Spanish Moss— Succes-
•Jon of Forest Growths 209-211

Selaginellainvolvens variegata — Honey Dew.... 211-216
The Duke of Westmmster's Oai'den — Mummy
Peas— P. B. Hovej — The Canadian Forester's
illustrated Guide — The Jesup Collecti<ni of
Woods of the United States— Gray's Botanical
Text Book — Five Acres too Much- Mushrooms
of America : Edible and Poisonous — Fruit Cul-
ture—Orchids : A Review of their Structure and
History — Talks Afield al)Out Plants and tlie
Science of Plauts — Baron Mueller's Select Plants 218-220
The Premium System, as Exemplified at New
Orleans— The "American Garden''Prizes — Penn-
sylvania Horticultural Society — American So-
ciety of Florists— American Exhibition in Lon-
don 224

NEW OR RAKE PLANTS:
Dieffenbachia rex

202-20S

SCRAPS AND QUERIES :

The Hen and Chicken Daisy— Lavatera arborea

variegata 196

Disease in Roses — New Carnations— Beautiful

Pansies — Double Richardia alba roaculata 202

Origin of the Name Goober for the Pea Nut —
Bud Variation — Fruiting of the Salisburia at

Lewisburg, Pa.— The Hollyhock Disease 216-217

The Shamrock of Ireland— Giddings' Nurseries,
Danville, Illinois— The Lawson Pear 220-221

FLOWER GARDEN A PLEASURE GROUND. 193-196

GREEIOIOUSE AND HOUSE GARDENINa 197-20S

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDENING 201-200

FORESTRY 209-211

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE 211-217

LITERATURE, TRAVEL8 4 PERSONAL NOTES 217-221
HORTICULTURAL SOCIBTIKS 222-234

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15 JOHN STREET, NEW lOffl. »i2

The Golisli and its Culture

BY HUGO MXTLBBTT.

It is intended in this book to furnish reliable information
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ZSssay on Roses.

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

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Orchid Grower's Manual

BV BBNJ, F. WILLIAMS, F. R. H. S.

Containing descriptions of 030 Species and Varieties ol
Orchidaceous Plants with notices oftimes of flowering,
approved modes of treatment and practical instructions on general
culture. Remarks on heat, moisture, soil, seasons of growth and
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FIFTH EDITION ENLARGED WITH COLORED FRONTISPIECE.
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Downing's Landscape Gardening and
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BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING, ESQ.

Adaptedto North America, with a view to the improvement in
country residences. Comprising historical notices of the art, di-
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theIiorse and his diseases,

BV B. J. KENDALL, M. D.

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CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 ChestnutStreet, Phila.

^CLASS BOOK OF BOTANY.

By Alphonso Wood, A. M.
Being ouUines of the Stnicture, Physiology and Classification of
Plants ; with a Flora of the United States and Canada. 832 pages,
8 vo, half arabesque cloth sides. Price, ^3.50. Sent by mail post-
paid on receipt of price. _
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

[Fly-leaf.

Landreths' Seeds are The Best!

NORTH, SOUTH, £AST or WEST !

EVEltVTHIXc; DF THE BEST. SEEDS AND IMPLEJIENTS
tor Farm, Uarden or Country Seat. Send for Lanilretlis' Rural
Register Almanac. Descriptive Catalogues FREE. Over l.rjOO Acres
under cultivation girowinp; Landretlis' Garden Seeds. Founded 1784.

D. LANDRETH & SONS,

Nos. 31 & 23 Suuth Sixth St., and Delaware Ave. and Arcb St.,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

FORCING •^
♦f BULBS

Dutch,
French,

German.

LOWEST IMPORT PRICES READY.

GKICAQO

JOS. PLENTY,

HORTICULTURAL ARCHITECT and BUILDER

Contracts taken for all kinds of Gkeenhouses, Con-servatories, Planthouses or Vineries of Improved
Construction, to be erected coniplete in all parts of the United States or Canada. Portable Conservatories a
specialty. Prices fi-om »a35.00, eacli securely packed and shipped £. o. b. to any partof the Union. Send for illustrated
circular. Correspondcmi' solicited from all parties desirous of information or about to build. Architect's designs carried

out with great care. OFFICES : 144 Pearl Street, Now York ; 6 South Merrick Street, Philadelphia.

Jel2

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS. Architects'and Builders' Pocket Companion

BY A. S. Packard, Jr., M.D.
Also a Treatise on those Injurious and Beneficial to
Crops. For the use of Colleges, Farms, Schools and Agri-
culturists. Illustrated with 11 plates, and 650 wood-cuts.
702 pages, 8vo, cloth. Price, $6,00. Sent by mall post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

URAINAGE FOR HEALTH,

OR

Easy Lessons in Sanitary Science.

By JOSEPH WILSON. M.D.. Medical Director U. S. N.
pages, octavo. Copiously illustrated. Price $i.oa, mailed,
on receipt of price. Address,

CHA.S H MAROT, 814 Oiestnut St. .Phila.

CRANBERRY CULTURE.

BY JOSEPH J. WHITE

Embodying in plain and concise manner all the useful and

practical facts which study and experience have yielded to
the inquiring Cranberry grower of the present time. rJ6
paces, 12 mo, cloth, fllawtrated. Price, post-paid SI. 25.
Addresfl, CHAS. H. MAHOT, 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

AND PRICE BOOK,

By FRANK W. VODGES, Architect.

Consisting of a short but comprehensive epitome of Decimals, Duo-
decimals, Geometry and Mensuration, with tables of U. S. Mea-
sures, strengths, etc., of iron, wood, stone and various other ma-
terials, quantities of materials in given sizes and dimensions of
wood, brick and stone, and a full and complete diU of prices for
Carpenter -work. Also, rules for computing and valuing brick and
bricK-work, stone-work, painting, plastering, &c., 284 pages, i6mo,
cloth 81.50. Tuck, ^2.00. Sent by mad postage free, on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Chiefly such as are Caused by Fungi, by Washington G.
Smith, F'.L.S., M.A.I. Member of the Scientific Commit-
tee of the Royal Horticultural Society. 143 lUustratioos
drawn and engraved by the author. 16 mo, 353. pages, cloth,
price 81.50, by mail post-paid. Address,

CHAvS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut St., Phila.

i^A SPECIALTY^

Grand Collection of all the Best Varieties, em-
bracing the latest Novelties, Separate and in Mix-
ture. Strictly First-class Seed only. Send for New

Seed Price List, Issued February 1st.

Bl2

ALBERT BENZ, Douglaston, N. Y.

49- S£K FIRST FAOE FACING COVER.-e»

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Plaits for Centres of Befls, Tases, or UMi

'5

Pandanus utilus 25cts. to si ooeaoh

Crotons, 12 Vars 2.5 cts. to Sl.oo "

Corypha Australis (Palm) 2.5 cts. to $1.00 "

Oracena terminalis 25 cts. to Sl.OO "

" indivisa 25cts. toSi.OO "

" Cooperii -SOcts.

" Ferrea SOcts.

Seaforthia elegans (Palm) 25 cts. to $1.00 each

Latania Borbonica " 25 cts. to si.oo "

Areca lutescens $1.50 "

" sapida 25 cts. to 81.00 "

" rubra $i.oo "

Phormlum ten ax (N. Zealand Flax) 25 cts. to 50 cts. "
FANCY CALADIUMS (for partial shade), 12bestsorts, $.3 ft set

49* Set of 13 plants for centres (1 of each) for S3.00, SG.OO aud IS13.00 per set, according to 8ize,*eA

As named below in fine condition :

Coleus VersChafTelti. Maroon, shaded crimson $4.00 per 100

" Hero. Black foliage 4.00

" Kirkpatrlck. Green, blotched yellow 4.00

" Queen of the Lawn. Carmine rose 4.00

" Colden Bedder. Yellow, splendid 4.00

" Firebrand (new). Flame color, splendid 12.00

" Yellow Bird (new). Canary yellow, strong grower 12.00

New Tea Rose, "SUNSET." 2f in., |16 ; 3-in., |3.5 ; 4-in., $35; 5-in., $.50; 6-in. $75 V 100.
General Wholesale List sent free on application.

PETER HEKDERSON,

35 & 37 Cortlandt Street, New York.

DUTCH

coooocooocoo

AND OTHER

;ooooooooooo

BULBS

Before August ISth,

And secure the low Special Rates offered by us now to timely orders. You will
find us to compete favorably with direct offers from Holland.

Just issued ; also for choicest PANSY and PRIMULA SEED ; will be mailed Free

to the Trade on application.

Please bear in mind that early orders will be of great help to us, and that
the quotations remain in force only until AUGUST 15th, when our regular Fall
List for goods delivered from Stock will be issued at higher figures.
Respectfully,

P. 0. Box 899.

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS.

New York, July 1st, 1885.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

SURPLUS ROSES

The following list of Roses are all in splendid condition. Will be sold at low prices. Send list of your wants, for prices.

800 Perle des Jardins in 3-in.

600 " " " in 4

300 Catherine Mermets in 3

360 Souv. d'un Ami in 3

360 " " in4

160 " " in6

400 Cornelia Cooks in 3

160 " " in4

400 Bon Silenes in 3

pots

100 Sunsets in 3-in. pots

I ALSO OFFER

600 William Francis Bennetts iu 4-in. pots

600 American Beauty in 4 "

600 Hinze's White Carnations.
1000 Asparagus tenuissimus.

600 Buttercuj) Carnations.
16.000 Clirysanthemums, finest varieties, at lowest prices.

" lA/ll I lAM PRANPIQ RFNNPTT " I have obtained from Mr. Evans the exclusive agency for the
TVIkUIHHI rriMIIUlO Dbllilt I I. sale of this celebrated Rose in Western Pennsylvania. Circulars
and price list on application. I uill deliver the Roses in Pittsburgh and vicinity free of express charges. Before order-
ing Bennett's it will pay to correspond witli me. I have the tinest and healthiest stock of this Rose in the country.
AMPRIPAN RPAIITV New Forcing Rose. This superb Rose is comparatively unknown, as the intro-
MltitnlUHIl DCMw I ly ducers have not advertisetl it at all, but in tlie opinion of the best Rose growers it
is equally as valuable as the celebrated "Bennett" (thougli not conflicting with it in any way), being entirely distinct in
color and shape. The ^'American Beauty " is somewhat Tike "Countess of Oxford" in shape of flower, but larger, and
has the true Hybrid fragrance. The color is a glowing deep carmine, and it is wonderfully free flowering— every shoot
producing a bud. For Winter flowering it will be very profitable for years to come, as its splendid flowers will always com-
mand high prices. All the principal rose growers have already purchased it largely. SI. 86 each, S18 ^ doz., »76 fl 100.
Ropmilria Factoi* I lltl We are now booking orders for this splendid forcing Lily, and will make specially
DcriilUUd taolCl laliy* low prices on large quantities. My bulbs will be of extra quality. Ready in August.
AODADAPIIC TCMIIICCIIUIIIC We cannot praise too highly this beautiful new greenhouse plant. Its
MOrMnMUUO I CllUIOOInlUO. fine filmy foliage equals in delicate beauty the Maidenhair Ferns. The
stems or fronds stand witliout wilting tor a long time after being cut, which will render it most valuable in fine cut-
flower work. It should be grown on strings like Smilax, and is of the easiest culture. For all decorative purposes it is
surpassingly lovely. At Klunder's recent great Flower Show, in New York, it created a sensation. 26o. each, 83.00
per dozen, S12.00 per 100.

»«||>ITC CflR PRIPPQ ^ carry a splendid general stock of Roses, all varieties ; hardy and tender ; Including
vTnl I b run rniuCO* allnoveltlesiClematis, wisterias, Ferns,Palms,Eucharis,Orchids,Ivies,Aristolochia,
etc., etc. A trial order and my prices will convince you ot the desirableness of dealing with me.

BEAUTIFUL NEW CATALOGUE NOW READY AND WILL BE SENT FREE.

BENJ. A. ELLIOTT, 54 Sixth St., Pittsburg li^Pa.

MARSCHUETZ & BACHARACH,

25 NORTH FOURTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.,

IMPORTERS OF AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

Bouquet Papers (Italiens), Pasted Cartons,

Immortelles, Dried Grasses and Flowers,

Ornamental Crass Bouquets, Mosses,
Wire Designs, Tin Foil,

Swiss Moss and Fancy Baskets.

— MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF BASKETS FOR FLORISTS—

Illustrated Catalogue free on application. Orders will receive careful attention and prompt shipment. apI2

MAZZARD AND MAHALEB

The crop this season promises to be an average one.
advance of the season our prices will be as follows :

For orders received in

MAZZARD CHERRY,
MAHALEB CHERRY,

$4.50 per bus., or $4 per bus. for 5 bus. or over.
$25 per bus.

Our seeds are free of pulp, yielding many more to the bushel than when sold

with the pulp on.

THOMAS IVIEEHAN, Germantown, Phila., Pa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse ff eating

AND

1^-^ Ventilating Apparatus.

Base-Burning Water Heater

Three sizes. Patented, 1S73.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLEECKBB STREET,

NEW YORK.

I-. ' -T I.!-

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.
Five sizes. Patented, 1S67. New Patterns, 1873.

J^ 3 FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS,

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

SASH-RAISING APPARATUS,

Lifting-Rods k Sashes,

Xitc., £tc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Five sites. New Patterns 1877. logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

SPECIAL OFFER TO FLORISTS AND HORTICULTURISTS!

ROSES FOR FORCING THIS FALL AND FALL SALES. PRICES OF PLANTS, INCLUDING PACKING,

Ord^rSt large or small, shipped after October 1st. All budded on Seedling Briar; 2 and 3 Years Old
for one year in this country. Very large bashes. Briar Stocks, fit to graft on. i$15 per 1000.

Stand. Tree Roses..?.3.'i «! 100; S-f(K) ^ M I MossRoses,lowbudS10 ^ 100; S SN) ¥ M
Half do. " •' ..»5 " S200 " i " H.P. " " «I0 " $9.5 "

Centifolia, lowbud.S 9 " S 85 " China, or Monthly Ever-
Provence, " ..$9 " S 85 " I Moom'g, low bud$lu " $90 "

These prices are for all varieties in our Catalogue, incluclin*x newer kinds, except Merveille de Lyon, S15 ^ 100.

The roses offered below are not imported ; tln'v an- t;ralt''il on M'rdling Briar Stocks this Winter ; grown in 4-in. pots;
plants in a fine growinr (•onditi^>n. Delivered unV time alrn .Xptil 1st, during the Summer. Send your orders.
The NEW YELLOW HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSE-GLOIKE LYONNAISE- obtained by crossing Mme. Falcot (Tea) with
Baroness Rothschild (H. P.) 1 plant 50c., S3 per 10, $7 per 25, $12 per 50, $20 per 100.

Gro^n

Tea-Seent.,lowbudSll ■f 100; $100^ M
Noisette, " $11 " $100 "

Bourbon, " $10 " $ 96 "

H. P. Roses, " $10 " $ 95 "

38S Niphetos $15 ^ 100 ; $2 ^ doz.

389 PerledesJardinsS12 " $2 "

222 Catherine Mermet $2 "

4010 Duke of Connaught $:i "

412 Souv. d'un Ami $2 "

364 Mareschal Niel $2 fl doz.

Douglas 2,5 cts. ea.

Will. Francis Bennett $1.75 ea.

Queen of Queens, New. ..50 cts. ea.

2070 Pierre Guillot 83 f) doz.

2219 Souv. de Tberi'se Levet $3

2224 Red Malmaison $2

2216 Princesseof Wales $!!

2232 lady Marie Fitzwilliaiu .$:i

PANSY SEEDS in 40 choice viirieties, mixed $5 per oz. | LILY OF THE VALLEY PIPS. .$2 ^ 100, $15 ^ 1000, $115 ^ 10,000

SCHULTHEIS BROTHERS, - - Rose Growers,

tjll2

P. O. Box 78.

COLLEGE POINT, LONG ISLAND, N. Y.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

Established In 1857,

P. O. Box 2956.

296 i*e:a.ri^

STREET,

Ne-w York City.

REPRESENTS IN THE TJNITED STATES :

C. Q. VAN TUBERGEN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist, Haarlem, Holland.

JOHN STEWART & SONS. Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, - . . . Dundee, Scotland.

LEV AVASSEUR & FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, Ussy, France,

LENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

PIERRE SEBIIIE, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

COCHET-AUBIN & FILS. Rose Growers, - Grisv-Suisnes, France.

EUGENE VERDIER FILS AINE, Florist ; New Gladioluses, Roses, Paeonias, etc., a specialty, Paris, France.

V. LEMOINE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, -..--- Nancy, France.

FRANCI.S REBUFa, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - OllioiUes, France.

C. PLATZ & SON. Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen. Seedsmen and Florists.
whoseCatalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. jaia

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOK FLORISTS,

SEEDSMEN AND NUKSERIMEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 25c. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. N o
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

Indian Azaleas,

TRADE SIZES AND SPECIMENS,

Mollis and Ghent Azaleas, Khododenrons, Camellias,
Orchids, Palms and General European Stock. Apply to

-A. VA.N GtEEFlT,

mhtf Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

Ar^ r^ I ^ g^ Send six cents for postage, and re-
f IXIifcEL ceive free, a costly box of goods
which will help you to more money i-iglit away than anything
else in this world. All, of either sex, succeed from first hour.
The broad road to fortune opens before the workers, abso-
lutely sure. At once address. True & Co. . Augusta. Me. mhO

STOOO REWARD

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plantations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape

Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense StocK.
LfOwest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

(nhi2 Winona, Colunnb.iana Co., Ohio.

LOUIS BOEHMER,

my3

EXPORTER OF

hma Flits, Billis, Ml H.

NOS. 4. 5

Prices on application.

[fl2] YOKOHAMA. JAPAN.

Every Woman

HER OWN FLOWER GARDENER.

liV DAlfiV KYEBRICiUT.

^blfttn.lli.

Uliclllno C0.C0IUUI&US, O.

Illustrated. H8 pages, small 8vo, cloth. Price, 81.00; by
mail postpaid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

Art of Propagation.

^H.^nd-book for Nurserymen, Fl^ ri^-is. ( ..irdtriiers and Eveiy-
body. 3:^ pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 25 cuts, price 30
cents. Mailed, postage free, ou receipt of price.

Addrc« CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St . Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

^■v-'t--:.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

GreenJiouses, Graperies, Coiiservatofies, Propagating Houses, For-

cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Mooms, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

D.A.VID SIMEITZI,

8e BDEVEFILY STREET,

myl3 BOSXON, IVI.A.SS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

yyiLKS' CIRCULATING STOVE

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Send for Price List.

ianufactured by S. WILKS,

,ju S. W. Cor. Monroe and Clinton Sts., CHiCAGO, ILL.

Messrs. Aug. R6lker & Sons, N. Y.;

1>UBUQUE, Iowa, May 13th, 1885.

Dear Sirs— I have some Fir Tree Oil yet, but will need more after awhile; we
have almost annihilated "Mealy Bug" here, our greatest pest, generally. I dilute
one i)art in fifteen hot water and it combines at once an<l is certain death to the bug.
I find it good for cleansing foliage as well as an Insecticide.

Yours, "W. A. Harkett.

To be bought thrnugli any respectable Seed House in the larger towns, In pint bottlet
at 75 cts ; in half pints at 50 cis. For larger <iuant:ties address,

fl2

AUGUST ROLKER 6l SONS,

The Sole Agents (or America.

P. O. Box 899. or 44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

The Flowering Plants,

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF

GFIE:A.T BRITAIN

And their allieu, the Club Mo8»e8, i*e|iperwortR and
HorHetallH.

By ANNllC PRATT,
6 Tol«. octavo, cloth, cilt. :illi full cclorccl plates. Illustra-
tinK 1543 species tlKiired with iiulcx in each vol. with hotanl-
cal and coinnion name referring; to plate, tiguro and paper.
Price $.32.-50 sent post-pai<l. Addn-ss,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

Paris & GarSens ol Paris

considered in rel.ntion lo the wants of OTHKR CITIES, andof
PUhLICand PRIVATE GROUNDS.

By WM. ROBINSON.

Splendidly and profusely illustrated, pp. 548. Octavo. i*ric«
87.60. Madcd post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. ^'AROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. fflYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

mv

(^h Ml'

.;;jii^j!iii!iiiaii

They are Guaranteed to be the 3fost Powerful, Durable and Eco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Country,

"We are also mannfactTiriiig all the various sizes of MYERS'
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &c.
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price lAst.

Ft. .A.. STAr.A.13^,

1173 South Ninth Street,

THOS. J. MYERS, Manager. .,., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

10

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

kproTed

lier Mors

■FOFl HE:A'riNG-

Greeiilirasfis, GrajBrles, CoiservatoriBs, Pripptli iises, k.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No. 46 Marion Street, NeiM^ York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dl2

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

II

*^Send for Circular and conditions of insertion under this heading. "^^

GENERAL BUJ.B CO., Vogelenzang (Hcl ', THOMAS MEEHAN,
land). N.Y, Agency, 19 Broadway. api2 1 Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil.

E. L. KOETHEN.

Small Fruits,

Plants, Seeds, Flowers, j
Zanesville, Ohio. I

S. W. PEEK, Hartwell Nurseries.

Harlwell, Georgia.

Wm. J. Stewart, BOSTON TEA ROSES

— WHOLESALE DEALER IN—

CUT FLOWERS

^ FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,

67 Broxnfield St.,

BOSTON, MASS. u.
CHAS. R. STILLWELL,

Wholesale Florist and Rose Grower.

ROSES GROWN SPECIALLY for WINTER FORCING.

I Carefully packed and shipped to all points in Western and
j Middle States, at hjwest lioston market prices. Price list
of Flowers and Florists' supplies sent on application.

WELCH BROS.,

SEND p"OR TRADE LI.ST.

jll2

King's Highway, Gravesend, L. I., N. Y.

AW ELL^E S T A B L IS HIUTLO R IS T ' Sl D S IIESS

p^n O A I C ■''^^ Hagerstown, Md ; Location,
rUtl OM Lt. Buildings, Heating and Water all
^" »— ■- lirst-class. A Growing Trade hy
Szpress, as well as local patronage. Hagerstown is a pros-
perous R. R. center of h,(X)0 impulation. with a fine, well-
settled surrounding country. Can be sold with or without
neat cottage dwelling house. A good opening for man of
energy and moderate capital. For further particulars ad-

feU^' J. W. DAYHOFF, Hagerstown, Md.

THOMAS YOUNG, Jr^

WHOLESALE FLORIST,

NO. II WEST 27TH STREET,
NEV7- YORK.

<S-CHOICE ROSES A SPECIALTY.-**

Sl2

THE GRANGER FRUIT AND VEGETABLE
E A/- A. r> O R A.T O R S.

$3.50. $6. and $10. Send for Circular.

EASTERN MANUFACTURING CO..
ap6 268 South Filth Street. Phlla.

AND BULB

iBS

CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Being de.scriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, §2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

fl2

WHOLESALE FLORISTS,
165 Tremoiit Street. Boston,

GEO. MULLEN, Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School St., near Parker House,) Boston, Mass.

Flowers carefully packed and shijjped to any part of the
country. Send for Price List. Special rates on regular lots.
Orders by mail, telegraph or express promptly attended to.
Immortelles, Immortelle Lettering. Wn-e Designs, Coil Wire
Tinfoil, Bleached Wheat, Match Sticks, Toothpicks, con-
stantly on hand and sold at lowest wholesale rates. (For-
merly with W. J. Stewart.) dl2

AND DESCRIPTIVE
CATALOGUE

MY WHOLESALE

Of Choice Greenhouse and Bedding Plants ; Orchids,
Roses and Shrnbs ; Flower and Vegetable Seeds ; mailed

to all applicants. Address,

WM. C. WILSON, Florist,

ASTORIA, L. I., N. Y.
Or, City Store, 45 West 14th St., N. T. City. my3

TOBACCO^TEMS;

In bales weighing 500 lbs. each, at S5.00 per bale, or three

bales for S12.00.
TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board of boats or cart.

ai2 Straiten 6l Storm,

204-208 Bast 27th St., New York City.

Carnation Plants

BOOTED CUTTINGS of above will be ready for delivery
in February and Florets and Smilax at all times.

THOMAS F. SEAL,

ntf Unionvihe, Chester Co., Pa.

THE SCHOOL GARDEN

BY DR. SCHWAB, DIRECTOR OP THE VIENNA GYMNASIUM, ETC.
PROM THE GERMAN BY MRS. HORACE MANN.

Advocating education by labor as well as by study, not as a task
' but as a delight. Adapting the kindergarten principle to older

children. In France and Sweden it is no longer an experiment.
I School gardens in city and town are destine I to be a great educa-

tional force in America. This book, full of spiritand enthusiasm, will
I materially hasten the day. Price by mail, 50 cts. each. Byexpress^
I 5 copies for ;g2.oo, 12 copies for $4 00. Sent on receiot of price.
! Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Something New in Water Heaters

Sectional View of Carmody's Patent

SECTiiML Emisioi mill mm

Especially adapted to the heating of

III

And other Buildings where the HOT WATER system is desired.

Please take Notice.

This Heater is composed of sections, and
can be enlarged or diminished in size at will.

By removing the impacting sections it be-
comes a first-class saddle boiler.

It can be used in connection with a flae
alone the ground, or not, at pleasure.

It requires no fire pit, where water is liable
to extinguish the fire.

It burns soft coal as well as hard, and does
not clog up with soot.

It has more heating surface in proportion
to its size than any other boiler in the market.

It is the CHEAPE8T and most durable first-
class boiler made.

For Descriptive Circular and Price List,
address the Proprietor,

J. D. CARMODY,

FLORIST.

EVANSVILLE, IND.

HOW TO HEAT A GREENHOUSE WITH WATER.

The inventor of this Heater has lately pub-
lished an illustrated treatise on the above sub-
ject, which every Florist should possess, as it
gives full instruction how to set the boiler, ar-
range the pipej make joints, mend leaks, and
much other desirable information. In tact, any
one by following its directions can pipe their
own hoiises without the assistance of a plumber
or high-priced labor. Price 50 cents. Address,

J. D. CARMODY,

tstf Evansville. Ind.

HAND-BOOK

PRACTICAL "landscape

GARDENING.

BV P. R. ELLIOTT.

Designed for City and Suburban Residences, and CountrySchooi-
Hou-ses; containing designs for lots and grounds, from a lot 30 by
100, to a forty-acre plot. Each plan is drawn to scale, with schedule
to each, showing where each tree, shrub, &c., should be planted
condensed instructions for forming and caring for lawns ; building ol
roads; turfing, protection, pruning and care or trees; making
cuttings, evergreens, hedges, screens, &c. Condensed descriptions
of all the leading trees and shrubs ; soil and position in which they
should be grown. Illustrations of ground plans, elevations, trees,
shrubs, winter gardening, &c. 96 pp.,8vo, cloth. Price $1.50.
Sent by mail on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhiU.

Farm ImplemeDts and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE.

with explanations of the laws ot motion and orce as applied on the
farm, with over 300 Illustrations by John J, Thomas; new and
revised edition, 312 pages, 12 mo, cloth, price $1.50; mailed postage
free on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Phila

Fruit Growers' Hand- Book,

By F. R, Klliott author of " Western Fruit Growers' Guide"
(one of the best posted men on the subject in the United States).
Contains the practice on all subjects connected with fniit growing
The book is made for those who yrow fruit for their own use Also
an Appendix, containing matter relating to the selection and culture
of Ornamental Trees, Roses, Plant-;, &c. Illustrated with 4^ wuod-
cuts, 130 pages^ i6mo, cloth, $1; papei, 6j cts. Sent by mail
postpaid on receipt of price. Address ,

CHAS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila

PRACTICAL

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise on the Propagation and Culture of the Camellia Ja-
ponica, by Robert J. Halliday. Illustrated with Five Colored
Plates and 50 Wood Engravings. 12mo, pp. 141 , cloth. Price, 82.00.
Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

APPLBTON'S

Aierican Crclopsflia.

New Revised Edition 16 vols. Large Octavo Volumes, each

volume ciintaining over 8-0 paees, fuiiy illustiated with several

thousand wood engravings, and with numerous colored Litho-
graphic Maps, the who e -j'.sting (he publishes a sum exceeding
$600,000. exclusion of Paper. Printing and Binding.
Prices and Styles of Binding:

Extra cloth, the 16 vols., for 8 80 00

Library leather, " " 96 00

Half Turkey Morocco, 16 vols., for ii? 00

Half Russia, extra gilt, " " 128 o«

Pull Russia, " •' 16000

Pull Morocco, antique gilt edses 160 00

A UNIVERSAL LIBRARY IN ITSELF.

Sent free of transportation and securely packed to any part of the
United States, on receipt of price. Addre>s,
^CHAS. H. WHBOT 814 Chestnut St.

lorlli Aierican Sjlva

5 vols,, 150 colored plates, in 'M) p.irts:

In parts, unbound $80 00

" Hall Turkey Morocco, antique gilt 70 00

" Full " " " 7500

" Cloth, j,'ilt top B5 00

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

sn Chestnut Street, Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

13

NEW AND EAKE EAST INDIAN AND OTHEE

"9^0RCHIDS«^

The undersifniea offers EAST INDIAN nnd other ORCHIDS

in larp:e quantities, well esUxblished i>lant^i, as well as extra

lar^e siUM-iiiiens. At prices much lower than they can be

purclKisi'il in Europe.

ANGK.ECUMS in variety ; splendid plants.

AKIDKS— Viifii-- Klli>iij t.oUhii, Roseum. Adoratuni,Crassi-
folium. Crisiniiii. Qiiiiuiufvulnerum, Fieldingi. &c.

CALANTHAS— N'fitcliii, \fstita rubra, Lutea, Nivalis, &o.

CATTLEYA — Eldorailu, KIdor;ul<» spl.-iiHiMis, Superba,
Mossiffi. Leopoldii. MemU-lii, Tri;ina\ Auu'thy-tina, Leo-
poldii, Porcivaliana, Imiu-rialis, Maxima, Ski'nerii, &c.

CTPRIPEDICMS — Candatuin, Coucolor, Niveum,
Pierceii, Lawrenoiana, Sedeni, Lowei, Spicerianum,
Arfjus. Ciliolare, RcezUi, Robelina, <fcc.

DENDKOBIUMS— A^'t;regatum, Albo-Sanguineum, Bar-
batulum, Chrysanthum, Cretaceuni, (_'hr\'sotoxum,Cras-
sinoda, Dalhousianum, Devonianuin, fiburneum, Fal-
conerii, limbriatum ncculatiim, loriiiosum f^iganteum,
Lutecium, marrnpliyllnin ^i'^aiitcum, Parishii, Pier-
ardii latifolia Suavissimum Wanlianura, Dearii, Thy-
rsiflorum, Jamesaanum, Nodatum, Densiflorum,
Schroederi, Ac.

LJELIAS— Anceps. Rnperbiens,Alba, Dawsonii, Perrinii.&c.

I^VCASTESKINNERII— AKrandwinter-lloweringOrchid.

ODONTOGLOSSUftIS— Grande, Bietoniensis, Rossii majus,
PbahenopsiN. Kramerii, FUezlii. ('rispum, Pescatorea.&o.

PH^LANOPSIS— Amabdis, Schilleriana,CornuCervi,&c.

8ACCOL.AUIUM — Blumei majus. Guttatum, Ampula-

ceum, \'iolaceura, CuiTlfoliumgiganteum, Retusem, Ac.

Masdevallias; Tricopilia; Vadas ; Barkerias; Chysis;

Coo'^'nthes ; Phajus; Stanliopeas; Sobralia ; Utricularias.

With many rare Orchids. Catalogue on application.

tiBh5

WASHINGTON, D. C.

THE CHRYSANTHEMl

Its History, Culture, Classification and Nomenclature.

BY F. W. BUBBIDGE,

Curator of Trinity College Botanical Gardens, Dublin. 102
pages. Octavo, cloth. Price, $1.50; by mail, post-paid.

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

JUST PUBLISHED.

The Sportsman's Gazetteer,

BY CHARLES HALLOCK.

New, Revised and Enlarged Edition.

This well-known volume, comprising 1,000 pages, passed
through six editions, and became the recognized authority
in botn continents on matters pertaining to Field Sports.
It has now been revised under the personal supervision <^
the author, who, since the appearance of the last edition,
has largely extended his knowledge of the subjects treated
by three years' travel over new portions of*^ the United
States and Canadas, which have not hitherto been brought
to the immediate attention of sportsmen. This revised
edition contains entirely new matter in several depart-
ments, a newly engraved portrait of the author, new maps,
and many fine illustrations representing Game Birds, Game
Dogs, Game Fishes, etc., etc. Price, post-paid, S3.00.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Manual of Accidents and Emergencies,

Or how to avoid accidents and what te do when they occur,
with notes on the Preservation of Health. Compiled for the
use of Teachers* Students, and the Industrial Classes,

By Geo. A. Groff, M. D.,

of the University of Lewisburg, Pa. pp 92, 12 mo. boards*
price 50 cents by mail post-paid.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

CABBAGE PLANTS

LATE I'l.AT 1>ITCH, I'OTTLKR'S IMl'nOVED
BKVNSWICK and K,\RLY WINNINGSTAUT, »1.60
per 1000; SIS.OO per 10,000.

tmyl. J. I,. DILLON,

Seedsman and Florist, Bloomsburg, Pa.

— DO WXING'S —

Or, Tie Cnltnre, Propaiation, M Management, in tie
Garden and Orcnard, of Frnit Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Desrriptions of all the Finest Varie-
ties of H'rnit, Native and Foreign, cultivated in this Coun-
try; containing, also, A History of In.sects Ikotorious to
FBtJIT, and the best methods of destroying them.

Mr. Charles Dowaiing has been engaged on this revision
from time to time, and has produced unquestionablv the
most complete Jiejerettce Book for the Cultiiatws of ^Yuii
ever issued.

Of Apples only he has over 450 pages of varieties. New
and better drawings and engravings have also been made of
all the Fruit.

The complete work, including three Appendices, is
brought down to 1881, and forms one thick

8vo VOLUME OF OVER 1,250 PAGES.
Price, handsomely bound in full cloth, - - - 85.00.

Recommendation from Hon. Marshall P. Wildbr,
President of the American Pomological Society :

Qentlevien : — I have received a copy from Mr. Charles
Downing of the second revised edition of the "Fruits and
Fruit Trees of America." It is the most comprehen-
sive of any similar work, in fact A COMPLETE ENCY-
CLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN I'OMOLOGY, brought down
to the present time. The orig)nal edition by his brother, the
late Andrew Jackson Downinj;, popular as it ever has been,
is made doubly interesting and useful by this revision, com-
prising the results of a long life of critical observations.
As a work of reference it has no equal, and deserves a place
in the Library of every Pomologist in America.— Marshali,
P. Wilder.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PRACTICAL LESSONS IN

Architectural Drawing ;

Or, HOW TO MAKE THE WORKING DRAWINGS AND WRITE
SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDINGS.

BY WILLIAM B. TUTHILL, A.M., Architect.

Illustrated by 33 full page plates (one in colors) and 33
wood cuts, showing Methods of Construction and Representa-
Hon. Scale Drawings, Sections and Details of Frame, Brick and
Stone Buildings, with full descriptions and specifications, show-
ing the various forms of writing the same for different
kinds of buildings. Oblong quarto cloth. Price, 82.50, by
mail, post free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. Phila.

Wheat Culture;

How to Double the Yield and Increase the Profits.
BvD. S. CURTISS.
72 pages, illustrated. Price 50 cents, mailed, post-paid, on re-
ceipt 01 price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GRAPE CULTURIST.

By Andrew S. Fuller.
A treatise on the Cultivation of the Native Grape. Illustrated.
286 pages 12mo, cloth. Price 81-60. Sent by mail post-paid on
receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

«U Chestnut St., Phila.

u

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Stock Plants

FOR FLORISTS ONLY ^^.^^^1^%^ Jf,^

Washington Market from 50.000 to 120.000 Bedding

Plants, annually, I have tested a great many varieties, and
throw out all poor ones. I offer in my list only the Best Old
and Newer Kinds; especially to beginners in the business,
Tiz.;

1 75 Chrysanthemums for SIO.OO

140 Geraninms, Zouale and Scented 8.00

6 O Fachsias 3.00

40 Verbenas 2.00

24 Carnations 2.00

15 Begonias 1,00

6 Lantans, G Heliotropes, each 35

5 Achiranthns, 5 Alternantheras, each 35

24 Coleas 1,00

10 Miscellaneous Plants 50

ROOTED CARNATION CUTTINGS now ready, at $1.50
per 100, $12.00 per 1000, as long as supply lasts, in following
varieties : Pres. de Graw, Hinze's White, Peter Henderson,
Edwardsii, Philadelphia, Lady Emma, Pres. Garfield, King
of Crimsons.

Or the whole collection of 500 plants, all labeled, for $25.00.
For Descriptions, see my Wholesale Catalogue.

Nicholas Studer,

tsl2 FLORIST,

ANACOSTIA P. P., WASHINGTON, D. C.

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day Handbook for the Farm. Full
of Labor-saving devices and Home-made contrivances,
within the reach of all. Contains the best ideas gathered
from a score of practical men in all departments of Farm
Labor. 212 Illustrations, 2J0 pages, 12 mo, cloth. By mail,
post paid, for $1.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOUSEEOLD ^ CONVENIENCES

Being tlie experience of many practical writers. Bring-
ing together the devices tliat hundreds of housekeepers
have found useful in tlieir own homes. The "Conveniences"
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
ing that they may lighten the labor and "save steps" to
many an over-worked housekeeper. 220 Illustrations, 240
pages, 12 mo, cloth. Sent by mail, post paid, for 31.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

A, MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BY ISAAC P. TILLINQHABT.

Containing the experiences of the author in starting all those
kinds of vegetables which are most difficult for a novice to produce
from seed ; with the best methods known for combating and repell-
ing noxious insects and preventing the diseases to which garden
vegetables are subject. 102 pages, i6mo, cloth, price, ^i.oo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8x4 Chestnut St., Phila.

PATENT BINDEF

For the Gardbnbr's Monthly. Numbers 61ed with the greatest
convenience. Preserve them filed for reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 40
cents each. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. Phila.

Indian Azaleas.

CAMELLIAS :in.l RHODODENDRONS. Immense Stock of
tilt; Best Varieties, spl.-mtidlv rovoreil wirli iluwer buds
i-verv vour. Best Varieties •<( PALIMS :inil ORCHIDS per 100.
HERBACEOUS and TREE FERNS a specialty, consisting of
t>00 varieties. Apply to

"WALLEM &. SOX,

tju Ledeberg, Ghent, Belgium.

Mannal of Botany of tie Nortliern United States.

By Asa Gray.

Including the district east of the Mississippi and north of Carolina
and Tennessee. Arxanced according to the Natural System. Illus-
trated with 20 pl;t«..a oi Sedges, Grasses, Ferns, &c. 703 pages,
8vo, half-arabesque cloth sides. Price, ^2.25. Sent by mail post-
paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

The Sugar Beet.

Including a History of the Beet Root Sugar Industry of
Europe. Varieties of the Sugar Beet, Examination,
Soils, Tillage, Seeds and Sov/ing, Yield and Cost of
Cultivation, Harvesting, Transportation, Con-
servation, Feeding Qualities of the Beet
and of the Pulp, Etc., Etc , Etc.
BY LEWIS S. WARE, C.E., M.E.,

Fellow of L'Ecole des Arts, Agriculture et Manufactures,
Paris; member of American Chemical Society. In one
volume, octavo ; illustrated by 90 engraviugs. Price, 1S4.00
by mail, postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St, Phila.

BEET ROOT SUGAR

AND CULTIVATION OF THE BKET.

BY E. B. GRANT.

Including the Sugar supply of the U. S., History of Beet Root
Sugar, Supply of Beets, Cultivation, Cost of Beet Root Sugar in
France, Production in various Countries, Advantages, Method of
Raising, Harvesting, Preservation of Beets, Seed, Manures, Ro-
tation of Crops, Beet Pulp, Leaves of Beets, Profits, etc. 16 mo.,
cloth, pp., 158. Price, $1.2$. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

By Cbas. Darwin.

With copious descriptive contents and index. Illustrated.
462 pages, Kmo, clolli. Priceg7.00.
8ent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

8H Chestnut St., Phila.

AMERICAN GARDENER'S ASSISTANT.

By Thomas Bridgeinan.

Containing complete practical directiouB for the cultivation of
Vegetables, Flowers, Fruit Trees and Grapevines. Illustrated.
62y pages, ]2rao, cloth. Price $2.50. Sent by mail post-paid on
receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chebtnut St., Phila.

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henry T. William.^.

Devoted specially to the Culture of Flowers and Ornamental
Plants for Tii-door use and Parlor Decoration. Splendidly illus-
trated. 300 pages, mcd. 8to, cloth. Price $1.60. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CUAS. 11. MAROT,

814 Chestnut .St., Phila

BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

J{y JoKluli Hoopes.

A nrartiral treatise on the Conifone or Cone-bearing plants.
Hiiudsumi'ly illustrated. 4;i.'i pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $3.00-
Sent by mail poat-paid on roceipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

IS

FOREIGN GRAPE YINEQ

■ FOR GRAPERIES ^

PRICE:

I One year old vines. $1.00 each.
Two year old vines, $2.00 each.

Bowood Muscat,
Muscat Hamburg,
Canon Hall Muscat,
Madrestield Court Muscat,
Mrs. Pince's BUck Muscat,
Muscat of Alexandria,
Black Prince,
Black Alicante,
Black Barbarossa,
Black St. Peter's,
Buckland Sweetwater,
Calabrian Raisin,
Chasselas de Fontainebleau,
Cbasselas ^^hite»
Chasselas Golden,
Duchess of Buccleuch,
Prontignan 'White,

Catalogue sent free on application.
We would also call special attention to our stock of
Camellias. Azaleas, Acacias, Roses and general collection
of winter-blooming ornamental foliat^e and bedding plants

Frontignan Grizzly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg "Wilmot'B,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria,
Lady Down's Seedling,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz,
Trentham Black,
White Nice,
W^hite Syrean,
White Sweetwater,
White Tokay.

DAVID FERGDSSON & SONS, Laurel Hill Nirserles,

t.f.l2

Ridge and Lehigh Avenues, Philadelphia, Pa

TF you -wish to make the

Gardeners' Monthly

THREE TIMES AS VALUABLE,

BIND II NUMBERS

Of eacli year. The index for the year's volume makes every
article in it easily acoepsible, and you will be surprised to
find how fresh and satisfactory the magazine is for reference.
If vou have no bookbinder in convenient reach, mail us
your numbers, post-paiii, and 90 cts. in stamps for each year,
enclosed in your letter of advice. We will leturn you the
volumes bound in neat cloth cases post-paid. If you value
the magazine in numbers you will value it still more pre-
served m this permanent form. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Fhila.

FRUIT CULTURE

And the LAYING out and MANAGEMENT of a

COUNTRY HOME.

BY WM. C. STRONG.

205 pages, 16mo, cloth. Price, SLOO, by mail, post-paid.
' CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FOU

YOUNG AND OLD.

The Cultivation o( Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden.

BY JOSEPH HAKRIS, M. S.

ninstrated, 191 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
81.25, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

IIJURIODS TO FRUITS.

By Wm. Saunders, F. R. S. C.

Dedicated to the Fruit Growers of America. 8 vo., cloth,
pp. 436. Ulustrated with 440 Wood Cuts. Price 83.00 by
mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

^^SZ^ STRAWBERRIES.

U'e Will have our usual fine i,uppl>- rc.My .iImhU July i:,th.—
C^ualok'iie containing turrcct .l.'sijnpln.iii ut tlie hcst Old aod
Sew Viiiicties, with fall cultural dlrertlonn, mailed free.

ELLWANtiKK b R\RRT.
HODDt Hope Naraerles. Roohcster, N. T.

Mention this paper.

tji

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMUEL B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation, Culture and History of the
Rose. Illustrated. 215 pages 12iuo., cloth. Price $1.50. Sent
by mail post-paid on roceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PUUa,

ALPINE FLOWERS for ENGLISH GARDENS

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.

An explanation of the principles on which the Exquisite Flora of

Alpine countriss may be grown to perfection in all Parts of the

British Islands, with numerous Illustrations, of Rock Gardens,

Natural and Artificial. 70 Illustrations, 440 pages, crown 8vo, cloth.

Price, $4.50. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila

GARDENING BY MYSELF

BY ANNA WARNER.

Containing Hints and Experiences under heading of each
month in the year. Illustrated. 16mo, 223 pages. Price, paper,
50c.; cloth, S1.25. Sent my mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Rose,

byWM. PAUL.

92 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, 81 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Hand-book of Useful Tables

For the LumlKTman, Farmer and Mechanic, containing ac-
curate tables of logs reduced to inch board measure, plank,
scantling and timber measure ; wages and rent by week or
month ; capacity of granaries, liins and cisterns ; land
measures; interest taules, with direction for finding the
interest on any sum at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 per cent, and many
other useful tables. Revised and enlarged edition, 182 pp.,
25 cents. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FRUIT AND BREAD.

A Natural and Scientific Diet.

BY GUSTAV SCHLICKBYSEN.

Translated from the German by M. L. Holbrook, M. D. Intended
to show what is the natural food of man; to lead him to become a
living child of nature ; to simplify and beautify his manner of living;
to emancipate woman from the drudgery of the kitchen; to lead to
increased use of fruit; to diminish the use of flesh, and where
possible, to do away with its use altogether; to improve the health
and add to the enjoyments and value of life. Cloth, 250 pages; 12
mo, illustrated. Price, $1. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa

The Botanist's Pocket Book.

4th Edition, cloth limp, pp. 208. By W. B. Hayward.
Containing in a tabulated form the chief characteristics of
British Plants, with the Botanical Name, Common Name,
Soil and Situation, Growth and Time of Flowering of every
Plant, arranged under its own Order. Price SI. 70. Mailed,
postage free. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES

4^

FALL OF 1885

At the Great American Centennial we had an award for having exhibited 730 species and marked
varieties of hardy trees and shrubs, being without question, the LARGEST EXHIBIT EVER MADE IN
THE WORLD. Few persons have any idea of the immense variety of beauty that an American
garden may possess. It is to the interest of nurserymen to educate their customers, and we make a
specialty of growing young stock for nurserymen to plant on their grounds, or to sell again at once if
desirable. A perusal of our catalogue will be a good aid in this educational movement. tjl3

THOMAS MEEHAN, Germantown, near Philadelphia.

THE ORCHID ALBUM THE NEW BOTANY

A Serial Monthly Work on Exotic Orctiids. Conducted by
Robert Warner and Benjamin S. Williams. Botanical
Descriptions by Thomas Moore, Curator of Chelsea
Botanic Gardens. The colored figures by John Nugent
Fitch. Size of page royal quarto, enabling artist to pro-
duce ample and intelligible portraits of the plants, which
are drawn and colored in the best style. The text comprise!?
fioglish botanical descriptions of the pLants, notes on their
cultivation and such general observations as may prove of
interest and utility to orchid-growers. The subjects selected
for illustration comprise the most ornamental and attractive
species and varieties, new and old, of this noble and beauti-
ful family ; presenting to subscribers a splendid annual
album of floral pictures for the drawing-room and library.
Sold by subscription and issued iu regular monthly parts, at
$x.aS per part, or $15 00 for the twelve annual parts, mailed
post free on receipt of price. Each part contains four hand-
somely colored plates with corresponding letter-press ; and
a volume of twelve parts will be completed annually. First
part was issued July, 1881, and an annual volume will be
completed in June of each year following, until the subject
is exhausted.

Orders as received by the undersigned will be entered and
forwarded to the Publisher in London. An interval of from
four to six weeks will ensue between the order and the
reception of initial numbers (per mail, direct from Lon-
don,) by subscriber,— afterwards regularly each month.

Advertisements of a suitable character will be admitted
at following rates per single issue : Whole page, S20.00; halt-
page, $11.25; quarter-page, *5..50; per inch., single column,
§1.50. Terms cash with the order. Address for subscription
or advertising.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Sole Agent for the United States,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

INJURIOUSlNSECfS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

By MARY TREAT.

Fully Illustrated. 288 pages. 12mo, cloth.
Price, 82.00 by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

THE

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a deuiled account of the various practicet
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division a.— Conuining an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsorae
tvpe. Price, ®7 00, mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phllad»a

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition,
revised by the author. 25c. Mailed, post-paid on receipt of
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal." — London Oardener^s Magazine.

'*Thi8 book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study
it. " — London Journal of Horticulture.

"No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teachers of Botany." — Gardeners* Monthly.

Liooklng at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal.— 2/ie Botanical Gazette.

"It would be difficult to overestimate the difference be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analysis of flowers."— iV. Y. Evening Post.

"The modi» Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
ing the mind."— Cown(T*3/ Gentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Some Fine Eiglisl Bools.

Bentham's British Flora, 2 vols., 8vo, Illustrated $lii.50

British Sea Weeds, Mosses, Ferns and Entomology,

square, IGmo, gilt, 89 plates, 4 vols 12.00

English Flower Garden, Robinson, illustrated 6.00

Ferns of Great Britain and their Allies. 41 col. plates, 6.25
Flowering Plants, Grasses and Ferns of Great Britain,

Pratt. 6 vols., 319 colored plates 82.50

G ilpins' Forest Scenery 3.0O

Greenhouse Favorites, splendid colored Illustrations. . 12.50

Half-Hours in the Green Lanes 2.00

Half-Hours with some English Antiquities 2.00

Ijow's Fei-ns of Great Britain. 8 vols., K tky 80.00

Newton's Landscape Gardening, fol., 24 dole pp. plates. 5.0O

Sylvan Spring, colored plates, lleath 5.00

Vegetable World Figuier, 470 Illustrations, in calf 6.00

Walton A Cotton a Complete Angler, octavo, 60 plates 4.00
Wild Flowers of the Holy Land (quarto), col. plates. 8.50

Wooster's Alpine Plants. 2 vols 17.50

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY.

By Robert Buist.
With practical directions for the Culture of Plants In Flower-
Gardcn, Hot-House, Greeu-House, Rooms, or Parlor Windows,
for every month of the year. Instructions for erecting Hot-
house, Greei house, and faying out a Flower garden. Instruc-
tion lor cultivating, propagating, pruning and training the
(.ir.'ipj vine and description of best S(>rU* lor the open air. 34
pii^,'.s, 12mo, cloth. Price^l 50. Sent by mail post paid on receipt
of price. CHAS. H. MA HOT.

814 Chestnut St. Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

-*-NEW FANCY CALADIUMS—

L,' Albaus, Madame M. Scheffer, Clio, Mons. A. Har-
dy, Mods. J. Linden, Virginalis, La Perle de Brezil,
Mdiue. F. Koelilin, Anuibal, Leopold Robert, Albo-
luteum, Salvator rosa, Mdme. A. Bleu, Vesta, Queen
Victoria, Viscountesse de la Roque, Ordan, Tenuis,
Paul Veronese, Conitesse de Maille.

Of the above I can supply immense imported dry bulbs,
particulailv suitable for exhibition, or to be divided for
stock. Plants supplied from this source have received first
and secnnil ]trizes wherever exhibited.
CYCAS REVOLUTA. 500 cultivated stems from 60c. to SIO ca.

H. WATERER, Importer ol Plants and Bulbs,
tjl 3809 Powelton Avenue. Philadelphia.

LARGE ROSES.

Nearly five acres in Roses. All the leading: sorts of H.
P.'s. Climbing and Mosses, one and two years old. First-
class stock, grown especially for Nurseryinen and Florists.
Send at once list of what you need for Fall delivery. We
will quote rates by return mail. Special figures for con-
tracts made this month.

D. R. WOODS & CO,, New Brighton, Pa.

ICOXOGRAPHY

-OF-

INDIAN AZALEAS,

Containing plates and descriptions of some of the best old
and new varieties,

BY AUGUST VAN GEERT,

With the assistance of the principal Horticulturists and
Amateurs, and translated by Th. Moore, Jr,

This splendidly illustrated worli should be in the hands of
every practical gardener and lover of plants.

To nurserytnen and florists it is a valuable vade viecum to
resort to. The plates will prove most useful in the office
and will no doubt help and increase the sale of this popular
class of plants.

The amateur will find it an interesting booli to consult for
the formation of his collection. Besides it is a splendid
volume for the library or drawing room.

Quarto, thirty-six splendid colored plates and 81 pp. text.
Price $7.M, mailed post free. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUadelphia.

ffyofflini Caclis Plans

Are among the greatest curiosities of
the vegetable or fioral kingdom. It is
sometimes found growing in the Rocky
Mountains ten thousand feet above the
sea level, and can live without water like
the camel of the desert. Their wonder-
ful and unique forms, so different from
all other plants, surprise and please all,
and make their culture a lasting pleas-
ure as well as study. They are very
hardy, and can safely be sent to any
part of the United .States. Price post-
paid, 50 cents each, for the kind here-
with illustrated, and 75 cents for the Round or "Pin-Cushion''
species. Postage stamps accepted.

Q. G. MEAD, Ferris, Wyoming Territory.

POCKET M/^GNIFIERS.

HAVE YOU YET SECURED A

PHOTOGRAPH

OF THE

ORIGINAL SECKEL PEAB TREE?

150 TO 800 YEARS OLD AND STILI. STANDLNGI

Send for one and have something more than a mere tra-
dition. They are mounted on card board, 8x10 inches, and
will be securely mailed tor 50 cents. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

WINDOW FLOWER GARDEN.

By Julius J. Heintich,

Handsomely dlustrated. This work endeavors by a few simple
directions for the management of plants and flowers in the window
or conservatory, to show to all members of the family, and especial-
ly the children, that the cultivation of flowers is not difficult, and
brings more real enjoyment than many more expemive amusements.

It IS intended for all, including children, excluding technical terms
as far as possible, and giving the most simple directions. 93 pp., la
mo, cloth 75c, Sent by mail post-paid on receipt ot price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla

No

No. 3014. Price, 80 cents.
HARD RUBBER CASES AND FRAMES.

5^in. diam..
1 " ..

IK " ..
17-16 " ..

3010 1 dbl convex lens, oval shape,

3011 1

3012 1

3012K— 1

3013 1

3013)^-1

3014 2

3014K— 2

8015 2

3015J^— 2

3016 1

3017 1

3019 2

3020 2

3022 3

3023 3

3024 2

3024K— 3

3025 Hard rubbe)

(see cut)"

bellows shape, ' '

.80

.40

.60

.75

.00

1.25

.80

1.00

1.25

1.60

.40

.50

.65

.90

.90

1.25

1.00

1.25

' diaphragm case ?^ & >i "

?' %io}i " . .
Laiu luuuci case, 1 lens, %in. diam., of higit
power at one end, and 1 lens, ^in. diam., of
medium power at other end 1.25

Order them by numbers. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

BY JAMES HOGG.

A complete guide to the cultivation of Vegetables, containing
thorough instructions for Sowing, Planting and Cultivating all kinds
of Vegetables ; with plain directions for preparing, manuring and
tilling the soil to s«it each plant; including also a summary of the
work to be done in a vegetable garden during each month of the
year. 137 pages, i6mo, cloth. Illustrated. Price 50 cents; sent
by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. , Phila.

18

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

7o the Trade-Cleniatis, Roses, i£c.

CLEMATIS.— A. large stock of all the leading varieties, strong two-year-old plants, S15 per 100, S144 per 1000.
ROSES, Dwarf, H. P.'s, A:c.— All leading sorts, budded low on Manetti and Brier, very fine plants for putting or

planting, »fi per 100, *48 per 1000. List of sorts npon application. MANETTI ROSE ST«)CKS Fine, S5 per 1000.

A Good (iener.il Stock of TREES ami SIIHIBS, FISl'ITS, STOCKS, &c., to Offer.

WALTER SLOCOCK (

I.nte \

l>ON.\T,I> * SONJ ,

GOLDWORTH OLD NURSERY,

tji

WOKING, ENGLAND.

Select [xtfa-Tropical Plants.

Readilv eligible for industrial culture or naturalization,
with indications of their native countries, and some oi
their uses, by Baron Fenl. Von Mueller, K. C. M. G., M. D.,
Ph. I)., F. R S., <iovt'riimciit Botanist of Australia; Hon-
orary or Corresponding Member of Scientific Societies and
Academies in Phihidelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco,
Chicago, Kingston, Mexico, Caracas, Buenos Ayres.

The question of tree culture is one to which the people of
this country must, before the lapse of many years, of neces-
sity give th'eir attention. In Baron von Mueller's book the
trees and i)Iants not indigenous to this country, but capable
of cultivation here, are given, with such description of them
and of the particular sections to which they are adapted, as
makes it an indispensable work to those interested in im-
proving our native floral wealth. American edition, revised
and enlarged. 450 pages. Octavo. Cloth. Price, $3.00 ; mailed,
post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENING FOR PROFIT.

BY PKTER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN,

New and enlarged edition. Illustrated. 276 Pages, 12nio, cloth.
Price, 8l-'>0. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Truck Farming at the Soutli

A Guide to the Raising of Vegetables for Northern Markets.

BY DK. A. OEMLER,

Prest. of Chatham Co., Georgia, Fruit and Vegetable
Growers Association. Illustrated. 12 mo., cloth, pp. 270.
Price $1.50. Mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 81-1 Chestnut St., Phila.

CAGTAGEOUS PLANTS

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Royal Gardens, Kew.
13 mo, cloth. 93 pages with numerous illustrations. Price,
50 cents; by mail, prepaid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AND OUT BUILDINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and dcsig^ia to suit every taste andpockct.
957 illustrations, 235 pages, 12 mo. cloth, price, $1.50. Mailed,
post paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.

ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

THe BEST METHODS EMPLOYED 111 ENGLAND and FRANCE.

BY JAMKS BABNK.S AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Lebmurs Essay on Asparagus,
anil particulars of the seven years competition mstituted
for Its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
edition. W paces. 50 cents by mail on receipt of price.

Address, CHA8. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BACK VOLUMES

OF THE

5

Can still be had in numbers, per year - - - - ^2 00

Bound in neat cloth cases, including numbers, • • - '^ 75

" X Roan, " " ... 800

Cloth oases alone, mailed for ------- 60

Delivered postage free.
Dr mail us your own numbers, and have them bound in cloth cases
for 90 cents. Retu rned to you bound, postage free.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Phter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

for the Amateur and Pro/essionul Florist. Illustrated. 288 pages,
lamo, clolh. Price, Ji. 50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

S14 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With fall directions for the
Greenhouse, Conservatory and 'Window-CJarden.
Illustrated. 250 Pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by
taail post-paid on receipt of price.

Adilress CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

hiIsTts for painters,

Decorators and Paper-Hangers.

being: a selection of useful rules, datu, memoraiuln, methods
and suggestions of bouse, ship and furniture painting, paper-
hanging, gilding, color mixing, and other matters useful and
instructive to painters and decorators. Prepared with
special reference to the wants of Amateurs,

BY AN OLD HAND.
60 pages paper, mailed post paid for 25c. on receipt of price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Pbila.

G^ C O L O R A D O ^^£)

AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.

Its Farms, Fields and Garden Lands.

BY WM. E. I'AnoR.

Illustrated, 213 pages, 12uio. cloth, beveled boanis. Price
SI. 60, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

1!y Hi-:njamin S. Wim.iams, K.R.H ,S,
Comprising descriptions of 950 choice species and varieties, Rrit-
ish and Exotic, with directions for their lnan.^gcnlc^t in the Tropical,
Temperate and Hardy Fernery, with numerous beaiUifnl fnll-p.iKe
illustrations. 353 pages, lamo, clotli. Price, ;^2.60. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Cliestiiul Street, I'liiladi-lphi.!.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

«9

IK

NOW READY FOR DELIVERY,

SOLD ONLY HY SVB.SCRirTIOJf.

Trice iSG.OO per Interleaved Copy, by mail post-paid.

SITl'IM.EMKXT A.— A separate work, with Nurserymen,
Seo'isinen, Flurists and Fruit Growers of England, Ireland,
Scollainl, Walos and Channel Islands. It taken with the
Horticultural Directory, Sl.OO additional per copy. If with-
out it, SI 'lO per copy,

SUPPLEMKNT H.— Also a separate work, of Nurserymen,
tSeedsnien and Florists of Austria, Bavaria, BelKii't^t Den-
nnvrk. France, Germany, Ht>lland, Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Russia. Saxony, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Wurtem-
berg, Brazil, India, Japan, Australia. New Zealand and
South Atrica. Price, if taken with Horticultural Directory,
Sl.(iO additional. If separate, SI. 50. The 3 together for S8.50.
Address, CHAS. H. MAKOT, S14 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE PEACH;

lis Ciiltiire anfl Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ex-President of Chester County Horticultural Societyt ancl

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Fenusylvania and all Districts

affected by tlie •• Yellows** and otiier

Diseases of the Tree*

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, «il.OO. Paper, 60 cents.

Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of ]>rice. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Sli Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL AZALEA CULTURE.

A TREATISE on the PROPAGATION and CULTURE

OF THE

AZALEA INDICA,

BY ROBERT J. HALL.IDAY.
Illustrated, 110 pages, 12mo, cloth, price, J2.00. Mailed, post
paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phils.

THE ROSE

A NEW BOOK I

NOW READY. |

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
istics, etc., of the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELL W ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, $1.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 pages, tine cloth. Price SI. 50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

Bv Geo. W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and t'perations employed in
their culdvation. New Edidon, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. 1026 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
$6.(H}. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

SCOTT'S

NURSERYMAN'S DIRECTORY

CURRENT EDITION.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
Tree Dealers, &c., for the United States. Alphahetically
arranged by States and Post Offices. 37*2 pages, a vo. Price,
810.00. Mailed post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FMIT &ROWER'S ERIEO.

AN EASY GUIDE FOR THE

RaisingofFruitsfor Pleasure or Profit

BY R. H. HAINES.

Paper, 34 pp., 8vo, price 30 cents; mailed post-paid on receipt
of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

Giving Description, History, Cultivation, Propagation, Dis-
eases. Ac.

Beautifully Illustrated.

276 pages. 12mo, cloth. Price 6L50. Sent by mail, post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

All of Gfafting aod Budding

By CHARLES BALTET,
Appropriatelv and fully illustrated l>v 1S6 cuts, showing
methods, tools and appliances. Pp. 230, 12 mo. cloth, flexi-
ble. Price $1.25 mailed, postage free. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street Phila.

AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

By Georgh HusMANN, Professor of Horticulture in University of
Missouri.with contributions from well-known Grape Growers, giving

A TTIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE.

Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pp., cloth; price, SL50. Mailed post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By BenJ. S. Williams, F. R. H, S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
varieties. Instructions for their cultivation and mode of manage-
ment. Illustrated with colored frontispiece and numerous
splendid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth. Price
$5.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St., VhUC.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPKOVEMENT,

BY WM. ROBINSON.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, 75 cents.
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chegtuot St., FbUa.

20

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

DENNISONS

CHEAP A ND RELIABL'

PATENT
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FORSALEATTHIS OFriC£.

Nnmeof size.

Length.

IP.

3 In.

2 p.

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3 p.

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6 p.

B "

6Pk

BX "

7 p.

6 "

8 p.

6H "

Width.

Per 1000

\%\n.

tt.oo

1H '*

l.tB

1H "

t.30

2H"

1.60

2H"

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3H"

3.00

With Strings BO cents per 1000 extra. Printing $1.00 per 1004
extra. Order by numbers.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phi ladelphi:

Tocetber witli Complete Plans and Specifications. Over
100 Engravings of Designs and Plans of Cottages and
Country Houses, costine from KMO to $5,000. By 8. B. REED,
Arcbitoct, Atitbor of " House Plans for Everybody." Cloth.
12 mo, mailed, post-paid, for $1.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PEAR CULTURE FOR FROFirT

BY P. T. QUINH.

A practical Horticulturist, and author of " Money In the
Garden."

("outalning practical method of raising Pears Intelligently
and with best results: character of soil, best mode of preparing
It : best varieties to select under existing conditions; best mode
of' planting, pruning, fertilizing, grafting, and utilizing the
ground before the trees come into bearing, and finally gathering
and packing for marltet Illustrated with practical cute on
pruning and grafting, distance table and orchard record. 136
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $1. Sent by mail, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 CheatnutStreet.Phila.

AND THE GAME
WATER BIRDS

Of the Atlantic Coast and the Lakes of the United States.
By Robert Barnwell Roosevelt. With a lull account of
the sporting along our seashores and inland waters and
remarks on breech loaders and hammerless guns. Illus-
trated and with a portrait of the author. Cloth, 12 mo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of $2.00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Wlefnck'staberffCulturist

(OUT OF PRINT.)

A few more copies left at 50 cents. Mailed, post paid on
receipt of price.
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., rhil.g.

HOUSE PLANS FOR EVERYBODY,

FOR VILLAGE AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES, COSTING

FROM $250 TO SS.OOO.

By S. B. REED, ARCHITECT.

Including full descriptions, and estimate in detail of material, labor,
cost, with many practical suggestions, and 175 illustrations; 248
page.*;, I'^mo, cloth. Price, $1.50 mailed, post-paid on receipt of
Price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

New Edition— Just Published.

The Amefican Ffuit Cultofist,

Containing Practical Directions for the Propagation and
Culture of all Fruits adapted to the United States,

BY JOHN T. THOMAS,

1st Prcs't Fruit Griiwers' Society of Western N. Y.; Hon-
orary MiiiibiT Mass. Hort. Society ; of Penna. Fruit-
tirowcrs' -SiM-ifty; of the Hort. Society of Indiana,
etc., and for 80 Years a Practical Nurseryman.
NEW AND REVISED EDITION.
Illustrated with 519 fine wood engravings. In one liand-
sonie r2mo volume of .593 pages, bound in extra muslin.
Price, S2.00, by mail, free of postage. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Hll-BOOK OF PLM

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet oomprehenBive Dictionary of Plantn.
Ab a book of reference It will take the place for all practical
purposes, of the expensive aod volominous European
works of this kind. Has been written with special view to
the wants of the climate of the United States, hotb in
matttirs of propagation and culture. InstruciionH for cul-
ture of many Important plants, such as the Rose, have been
given at length. Scope of work embraces botanical name,
derivation, Linnaean and natural orders ot all leading
genera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
time. All important species and varieties with brief in-
structions for propagation and culture A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or common
names. Arrangement ot book is alphabetical, and any
plant can be quickly referred to under scientific or com-
mon name. Index Is added where important plants or
modes of culture can be referred to at once. Also compre-
hensive gloHsary of botanical and technical terms, with
general horticultural termn and practices, of great value
to the experienced hortlcnltorist. Octave 400 pages, fine
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A popular review, containing chapters on Orchid Life.
Orchid Flowers, Orchid Mysteries. Orchid Homes, Uses ot
Orchids, History of Orchids, Value ot Orchids, Hybrid
Orchids. By Lewis Castle (Author of "Cactaceous Plants" ).

Opinions. — Sir Trevor I.awrence, Bart , M.P.: " A useful
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read your essay upon Orchids with the greatest interest.
I consider it most instructive, and of great use to aniateui-s."
R. I. Lynch, A.L.S., Curator of the Cambridge University
BotanicGarden ; " if our Orchid Review is a success. The
selection of matter is most interesting, and there could bo
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Conference th.an this little book."

12IUO, 60 pages, 13 illustrations. Price .50c., by mail.
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The Orchids of New England.

A Popular Monograph, By Henry Haldwiii.

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THE WILD GARDEN;

Or, Our Oroveii and Shrubberies made Beaatlfnl by the
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liy W. ROBINSON, F. L. S.
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Green and Congdon's Botany, Q,uarto. Illustrated

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J 7")
1 00

1 00

6 50

50

1 45

50

60

50

50

1 25

4 50

385

15 00

1 00

1 25

1 50

1 00

1 75

550

25

500

300
1 00
50
1 25
6 00
450
350
1 10

MacDonald's Food from the Far West

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Minot's Land and Game Birds of NewEngland, lU'd..

New American Gardener

Pa.\ton's Hort. Register, 2 vols, in one (1831-1833)

Philadelphia Business Directory, lb84, Boyd

Prince on the Vine

Prince's Pomological Manual

Randall's Sheep Husbandry

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden, cloth

" " " ^ tky, gilt edges

Riddell's Architect, folio, 14J^xI7}^ (col. plates)

Stewart's Stable Book

Studies, bv J. A. Dorg.an

Talpa, or Chronicles of a Clay Farm

Taylor's Bee Keepers Manuel, Illustr<ated

The Pl.ant, a Biography, 5 col. plates and 13 wood eng's

Thompson's, The Food of Animals

Thomas' Fruit Culturist

Todd's How to Make Farming Pay

Turner's Cotton Planters Manual

Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler

Waring's Elements of Agriculture

William's Window Gardening

WoodrufTs Trotting Horses of America

Young Angler Illustrated

S2 00

SO

3 00

250

75

I 00

75

75

75

1 25

2 25
2 SO

10 00
1 25

76

75
1 60
260

75
1 76
200
1 10
1 50

75
1 25
200

75

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PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

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Book for Beginners with the Microscope, Phin, boards, fully Illustrated

Cements an<l Glue, Phin, stitf covers

Chemical History of the Six Days of Creation, Phin, 12mo, cloth

Common Objects for the Microscope, Wood, 400 Illustrations, 12 colored plates

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Microscope and It,s Revelations, Carpenter, pp. 882, cloth, 26 plates, 500 Engravings S.50

Microscopical Examination of Drinking Water, McDonald, 8vo, cloth, 24 plates 2.76

.30
.3S
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.60
.76
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Shooting on the Wing. l>y an Old Gamekeeper, 12mo, cloth

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Mailed, post free, on receipt of price.

.60
.76
.76
.76
.76
.30

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The Scientific Angler

Being a general and instructive work on Artistic Angling.
By the late David Foster.

Containing the habits and haunts of flsh, bottom fishing
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trout, grub fishing for grayling, piscatorial entomology, on
fly makingj ny fishing for trout and grayling, live fly and
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PRACTICAL HINTS

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MICROSCOPE,

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Author of Sporting Adventures in the Far West^ Rambles tn
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gon and Washington Territoi'y. A Search for the
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The Forester.

BY JAMES BROWN, LL.D..

Inspector and Reporter Woods and Forests, Ontario. A
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Management of Forest Trees. 5th Edition, Enlarged and
Improved. Profusely Illustrated. Royal 8vo, }^ Roan, pp.
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23

HOW TO PROPAGATE

GROW FRUIT

BY CHAS. A. GREEX.

Gl iiapes. Octavo. Illustrated with 2 colored plates and
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HOW TO READ

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HOW TO RAISE FRUIT

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HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowers m the Garden and the House; giving
directions short, sharp and deciswe how to overcome every insect
enemy that infects flowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors,
which troubles window Gardens ; which eats up the vegetables of
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HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa Gray. M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structural Botany, with a Popular
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HOW TO PAINT.

By a rracticiil Painter ; for the use of Tradesmen,
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Full Directions for Using White Lead, Larap-BIack,
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HOW TO HUNT AND TRAP.

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Subtropical Garden;

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HOW THE FARM PAYS.

ITie Experiences of LO years of Successful Fanyiing and
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WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

Profusely Illustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
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HOW TO LAY OUT A GARDEN.

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HOW TO MANAGE BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS.

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MUSHROOMS

For the MILLION, a Practical Treatise an the cultivation
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PLANT LIFE ON W \m

By Maxwell T. M.asters, M.D., F.R.S. Plant nutrition ;
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GARDENER, English, married. 25 years' practical experi-
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berries, tomatoes, mushrooms, &c.; 12 years' character.
H., 104>< Montgomery St,, Syracuse, N. Y.

BY Ist-class gardener, in private family ; German, married,
one child. Steady, reliable, thorough knowledge all
branches. Early and late forcing flowers, i^ruit, vegetables.
Good references ; all particulars. Ed. Kircbner, 41 Krogor
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AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

Bv Shirlky Uibberd.
A handy guide to the construction and management of plant
houses and the selection, cultlTation and improvement of orna-
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Price S3. 00. Sent by mall postpaid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H MAROT. 814 Chestnut St-.Phlla.

By Kiiward Spragues Rand, Jr.
A treatise on Hardy and Tender bulbs and Tubers. 369 pages, i2mo,
cloth. Price, $2.50. Sent by mail pO!^t-paid on receipt of price.
Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

J

F. E. McAllister

Seed Merchant and Importer,

No, 22 Dey St., Bet. Broaclway and Cliiircli St.,

INTEIAT YORIt,

IS READY TO BOOK ORDERS NOW FOR

Lilium Candidum, Longiflorum and Harrisii. Roman and
Dutch Hyacinths, Paper White Narcissus, Lily of the
Valley, Freesia refracta alba, Leichtline and Odorata and
other Fall Bulbs.
Prires on application. je

^t» >|^\ Per Month and Expenses. Men Wanted to stll Nur-
94w seryStock. O.H. PATTY, Nurseryman. Geneva, N.Y.

1,999,999

Straivberries, Raspberries,

Currants, Grapes,

including tlie Older tested and New Varieties,
MAY KING, MARLBORO, EARLY CLUSTER, FAY. NIAGARA.
Peach and other Fruit Trees.

aul2

COMET, KIEFFER, LE CONTE^
&c., &c.

.SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

JOHN S. COLLINS,

MOORESTOWN, N. J.

London Gardener's Chronicle

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers in the U. S. for
96.35 per year. Apply to

CHAS. H. MAROT, Aeent, 814 Chestnut St.. Phils.

YOUR PLANTS

BY JAMES SHEEIIAN.

PL.\IN and PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS for tlie TREAT-
MENT of TENDER and HARDY PLANTS in the

house: .A.NZ3 fS^A.Tt.J3EN.

12mo, paper, 79 pages. Priee, mailed, post-paid, 40 cents.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

8H Chestnut Street, Phila.

THE BLESSED BEES.

BY JOUN ALLEN.

A record of a year's work In Bee-keeping by modern melboda
Its profitB certain and large, and Its pleasures invaluable. In-
tended to dltfuse a more general knowledge of Bee-culture.
169 pages, 12 mo. cloth, limp. Price. $1. Mailed postage free,
on receipt of price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 ChestnutStreet, Philadelphia.

^. ti^FOREi BUYING GLASS.— CSXIMATKa

g XOS ^ XaA\.OD -x w

b ' '

^ 'saaa-ioH 'sasnoH-ioii 'saraiidVHD 5

For GREENHOUSES, GRAPERIES, CONSERVATORIES,
HOT HOUSES AND HOT BEDS.

VANHORNE, GRIFFEN & CO.,

IMPORTERS OF FRENCH WINDOW GLASS. ALSO AMERICAN WINDOW GLASS, u.u
131. 133. 135 & 137 Franklin St., yew York City.

[OnefduiUi lull size. J

THE MINERAL IXKSTAND.

Comp'isetl of twenty different minerals, petrifactions, crys-
tals, fossils, and grems of the preat Rocky Mountain regions
of Wyoming, Colorado and other parts of the Far West,
comprising gold, silver, copper and iron ores, agates, ame-
thysts, topazes and other precious stones, nf rainbow hues.
The natural and brilliant tints of the various specimens
make it a cabinet of rare beauty. It combines instrunti"n
with iitilitv, and is an epitome of tbe mineral wealth of the
'* Rockies.'* A splendid ornament for the desk, shelf or
table, or a novel and lasting gift to a friend. Sent, post-paid
lor 52.50 on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St, Phila.

WORKING MAN'S WAY TO WEALTH.

By Edmund Wrigley.

A pr-ictJcal treatise on Buiiding- Associatiotts , what they are, and
how to use them. io8 pages, i6mo, cloth. Price, 7 ■> cents. Sent
by mail post-paid on receipt ol' price.

Address, CHAS . H. MAROI ,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

BY JAMES VEITCn.

Embraeivg : Part J^—Geneial Heviciv of the Order.

Part JJ.—Sf/nopsLs 0/ Uencm^ SpfCies and Varieties.

J'urt III.— The Pbnilmg 0/ ConifercB.

This work has received the high enconiums of the English
and French Horticultural papers, and the UAKDENKKb'
.UoNTin.Y, as being trustworthy, i>ractical, attractive, scien-
tific, and indispensable to those having an intelligent interest
in Coniferous trees. No Horticulturallabrary is complete
without it.

With numerous wood-cut plates and letter press illustra-
tions. 310 pp., 8vo, neatly buuud in cloth. Price, $3.00,
mailed, postage fiee. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent for U. S., 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSES AND ROSE CULTURE.

By Wm. Paul. F.R.H.S.
The rationale of Rose cultivation in a nut-shell. Intended to
place within a small compass ali that is necessary for the successful
cultivation of the " Queen of Flowers." 83 pages, j2mo, paper-
boards. Price, 60 cents. Sen: by mail post-paid on receipt of
srice. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

Uiiffirsal Merest TaMes

At 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 per cent, computed by

Gkorge WrLLiAM Jones

of Cornell University, and p^iaranteed correct. Pp. 120,

16 mo, cloth, limp. Price, 50 cents. Jlailed pos^paia.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Cbestnut St., PUDa.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND HORTICULTURIST

-i-For 1885-

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE,

S2.00 PER YEAR.

^511IIl^lf^niini?ll^ "^ requested to send at least one NEW name with their own, If possm*.
OUIO JUa niiPfcriO por this attention, we will furnish THE TWO at 83.00 tor the year.

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required for regular subscription list. Price, 18 cents each, or Five for 60 cents, Vash nitli th« Order.

If larger quantities are wanted of any coming issue, order should be in hand by 16tli of previous month, so that we
•on provide and insure the supply. After issue a few single copies can be had if ordered quickly during the montb
When editions are exhausted, the series is broken, as we do not repi-int.

CHAS. H. MAROT, PubliBher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

THE EXETER

H[ATING_ APPIIRIITUS.

GREENHOUSE HEATING
A SPECIALTY.

Our systems comprise Hot Water
Heating, Steam Heating, and the
combination of Steam and Water.

OVER 1000 BOILERS IN USE.

19 Federal SI., Bostoi, am Exeter, N. H.

We solicit correspondence from
any party contemplating a change
in their apparatus. ft 12

helical TaierisyanUoiiieDscofatioii,

Together with General lalormation for Sportsmen.

By JOSEPH H. BATTY,

Taxidermist for the Hoyden Expedition and other Government
Surveys, and many of the leading Colleges and Museums of the
United Sutes. Author of " How to Hunt and Trap/* etc, 125
lUustrationi. xamo, doth. Price, ^1.50. Mailed, post-paid, on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H.MAROT 814 Chestnut St., Phila

fheCHEWIISTRfofthePllRM

BY. R. WARINOTON, F. C. S.

A most valuable Work, which should be in the Hands of
Fanners, Gardeners and Tillers of the soil generally. It
presents the relations of Chemistry to Agriculture in amos.
popular manner. 12mo, cloth. Price, post-paid, Sl.OO.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

TOPICS.

GARDEN

AND

FARM

BY PETER HENDERSON.

Embraces within its scope the following subjects : Popu-
lar fiulbs and their culture.— Window Gardening, and Care
■ it Plants in Rooms.— Propagation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
ing in Winter.— Greenhouse Structures, and Modes of Heat-
ing.— Formation and Renovation of Lawns. — Onion Grow-
ing.—How to Raise Cabbage and Cauliflower.— On the Grow-
ing and Preserving of Celery.— The New Celery, " White
Plume." — Strawberry Culture. — Root Crops for Farm Stock.
— ('ulture of Alfalfaor Lucerne—Manures and their Modes
of .Vpplication. — Market Gardening around New York, —
Tlu' ILse of the Feet in .Sowing and Planting. — Popular
Krrors and .Scientific Dogmas in Horticulture. — Humbugs
in Horticulture. — Draining. Cloth, 12 mo, 2H pages, price
f 1.50 ; by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., PhUa.

Red Flowerinof Dogrwood

AND OTHER NOVELTIES.
Kisscna Nurseries.

Trees and Plants.
Parsons&SonsCo.,

ftf

Flushing, N. Y.

FARMING.

ON PLUMCROVE FARM,

BY C. HARLAN, M.D.

2G9 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price 81.00, mailed, post-paid, on teceipt
o' price. Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhiU.

The Floral Kingdom

Its History. A Dictionary of more than 300 Flowers, with
the Genera and Family to which they belong .and the
l,:ingiiago of each. Illustrateil by appropriate Gems of
I'nctryaud a particular Treatise on the Cultivation and
Analysis of PiantH. 450 pages, on heavy tinted highly cal-
endered paper, aiul rcil line border with ornamental cor-
ner.i, splondidly bound bcv<>l<'cl boards, full gilt. A beauti-
ful present. I'rice, Sli..)0 by m:iil, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestjint St., Pliila.

EDITED BY THOMAS MEEHAN.

Vol. XXVIl. No. 320.

(Combined Magazines, Fortieth Year.)

« AUGUST, 1885.

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

m

[ Entered at the Post Ofllce, at Pbiladelphia, Pa. , as second-class matter.]

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

It is published on the first of every month at the office, No. 814 CHESTNUT STREET,
PHIIiADELPHIA, where all BUSINESS relating to subscription or advertising should be addressed.

!£^ Communications, Copy and Pacliag-es for the Editor should be addressed to THOMAS
MBBHAN, GEEMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, POSTAGE PAID, $2.00.

Subscriptions discontinued only on notice to that effect.

ADVERTISING RATES IN THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY:

i^ coL J^ col. % col. ^ col. )^ col. 1 col. 1 page,

or or or oi* or or or

12 lines. 16 lines. 24 lines. 32 lines. 48 lines. 96 lines. 192 lines.

One Insertion S3.00 $4.00 gSS.SO ST. 00 810.00 S18.00 S3S.00

Two times, each 2.90 3.90 5.00 0.80 9.00 17.00 33.00

Three " " 2.80 3.75 4.75 6.65 8.50 15.50 3O.00

Four " " 2,70 3.60 4.50 6.30 8.10 14.40 27.00

Five " " 2.55 3.40 4.25 6.95 7.65 13.60 26.50

Six " " 2.35 3.15 3.93 5.50 ;.05 12.45 23.50

Seven « " 2.30 2.96 3.65 6.15 6.00 11.75 22.00

Eight " " 2.05 2.75 3.46 4.80 6.1S 10.95 20.5O

Nine " " ..1 1.90 2.46 3.20 4.45 5.70 10.15 18.85

Ten " " 1.75 2.30 2.85 4.05 5.25 9.30 17.46

Eleven " " 1.60 2.15 2.65 3.76 4.80 8.55 16.15

Twelve " •< 1.60 2.00 2.50 3.50 4.60 8.00 16.00

Twelve lines nonpareil is % col. A less space tliau J^ col. will be furnished at same rate per line as % col.
For space on FLY-LEAF and COVER PAGES, also I'^IRST PAGE advertisements facing last reading page, 20 per
cent, advance on above rates will be charged.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia,

CONTENTS OF THE AUGUST NUMBER.

SEASONABLE HINTS :

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.
Fruit and Vegetable Gardening

22-5
235

COMMUNICATIONS :

The Amaryllis in the South 221)

Cause of Broken Branchlets in the Norway Spruce . 2i7

Beauty and Utility in the Spike Rush 227

An Open Letter to a "Flower Sister" 227

Culture of Cactuses 231

The Relative Cost of Steam and Hot Water Heating 232

Manetti.-vcordifolia 2:-i2

Forcing Strawberries 23ri

Forcing Strawberries 2:57

Fragrance 242

Common Names of Native Plants 245

Fermentive Activity as an Important Factor in the

Economy of tlie Creation 246

Zephyranthes atamasco 24S

Our Lady's Garden 251

The Word, Shamrock 252

Floral Notes from Washington 252

Names, Wise and Otherwise 253

The Witch Hazel 253

EDITORIAL NOTES :

The White Fringe Tree— Floriculture in Georgia
— A Dahliii Stein Borer— Early and Late Flower-
ing Single Roses — The Catalpa — Large Pinus
Excelsa — Combination Plants — A Magniliccut

Sjiecimen of the ('ciihuloiiiun Fh- 22S-229

Efistory of the Scnppt ritonf; (j rape— Paris Green
for the Canker Woiiii— Stiiiwberiies in Florida —
Josephine de Malines — Drying Ai)ricots — The

Brussels Si)routs— Saur Kraut with Oysters 238

Rajiiilityof Growth in Timber Trees — The Cor-
aican Pine— Red (Jedar Tclegrai)h Poles— Thin-
ning F'trests — An Ancient Forest Fire — TlieCor-
sicau Pine — Durability of the Larch— Rapid

Growth of Ti er Trees— The Way to Make

Timber Culture Profitable 240-242

On the Disai)p»;arance of Pith in the Wood of
Plants— The Wild Fruits of Colorado— Drinking
Water, and Cess-pool Nuisances — A Water Plant

Catching Fish— Early Botany in Philadelphia-
Fertile Hybrids 248-250

Purchaser's Risk— Honors to M. Rodigas— Jay
Gould's Conservatories at Irvington on the
Hudson, X. Y. — The Greenhouses of Dennison
Brothers, of Philadelphia— A Good Gardener at
Libertv— Dr. Franklin B. Hough— Mr. John Feast

—Charles Turner— The Periodical Cicada 253-255

American Pomological Society — Botanical Club
of the Araerical Association for the Advance-
ment of Science— Judges at the Universal Ex-
position at Anvers 256-256

NEW OR RARE PLANTS:

Andromeda Japonica— Red Platycodon grandi-
flora— Prunus Pissardi 239

Davallia tennifolia Veitchiana 233-234

SCRAPS AND QUERIES:

Salt on Lawns — The York and Lancaster Rose —
Black Fly on Chrysanthemums— G:i8 Killing the

Roois of' Trees— 5l:ignc)lia cordata 230

NightBIooniing Cereus — Flowering of Cactuses

— The Greeidiouse Rose licetle 231-235

Disease in Cabliages— An English Gooseberry—
ImiiHili:itc' lOllect of I'oUeu on Fruit- Scndmg

Peui lii-s liy v:\press— Centennial Cherry 238-240

Hybrid lietwiien Hose Geranium and Pelar-
gonium—Sell'-Kertillz;ition in the Fig 250

I'rospects of the Forthcoming Meeting of the
American I'oinological Society — The Work of
the American Association of Florists 256

FLOWER GARDEN &. PLEASURE GROUND. 225-230

GREENHOUSE AND HOUSE GARDENING 2;jl-236

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDENING 235-240

P'()RE.STRY 240-242

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE 242-250

LITERATURE, TRAVELS <St PERSONAL NOTES 251-2.55
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES 25iV25«

Fly-leaf.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FALL BULBS FOR FLORISTS

FOR DELIVERY IN

SEPTEMBER,

OCTOBER ZE^
NOVEMBER.

Early Roman White Hyacinths,
Early Roman Yellow Narcissus,
Paper White Narcissus,

Double Yellow Daffodils,

Single Yellow Daffodils,
DUTCH HYACINTHS,

DUTCH TULIPS,

LILY OF THE VALLEY PIPS,

LILIUM CANDIDUM, &c.

Price according to quantity required.

J.M.Thorburn&Co.

IS JOHN STREET, KW TOffl. »«

Conservatories, Greenhouses, Graperies,

&c., ERECTED IN ANY PART OF THE UNION. GLAZED ON

Rendle's Patent Acivie Systeivi

WITHOUT PUTTY.

9 -'■'*«

I 1

ti

i^if- ifi,\ "•"," ; \

-r-.

w"^ Hin^v"- 'T^_pTTf^ri"T"

'J^

HoRTi(_ui.riRAL Hall, ^l,u ui.lea>.-5.
ERECTED AJSTD GLAZED BY ARTHUR E. RENDLE OF NEW YORK.

Gold and Silver Medals were awarded to two model Conservatories, each 16x20,
Exhibited at the World's Exposition, New Orleans.

Estimates, Plans, Illustrated Catalogues, on application to au6

ARTHUR E. RXSNDIjiX:,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDER AND HOT WATER ENGINEER, 2 WALL STREET, NEW YORK.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

[Fly-leaf.

Landreths' Seeds are The Best!

NORTH, SOUTH, EAST or WEST !

EVERYTHING OF THE BEST. SEEDS AND IMPLEMENTS
for Farm, (iarilen or Country Seat. Send for Landreths' Rural
Register .\lmanc\c. Descriptive Catalogues FREE. Over 1 .iOO Acres
under cultivation growing Landretlis' Garden Seeds. Founded 1784.

D. LANDRETH & SONS,

Nos. 31 & 33 »>outh Sixth St., and Delaware Ave. and Arch St.,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

J. C. VAUGHAN' At Cincinnati, Ohio,

CHICAGO,

Wholesale Bulbs

-AND-

Aug. 12th to 14th, 1885,
ANNUAL MEETING

American Florists.

Florists' Supplies,/

C. V.'s Office at Room No. 114, Grand Hotel.

Jt^ We hope to see all in the trade. '^iQi

JOS. PLENTY,

HORTICULTURAL ARCHITECT and BUILDER

Contracts taken for all kinds of Greenhouses, Consekvatokies, Planthouses or Vineries of Improved
Construction, to be erectcil idniiilcte in all parts of the United States or Canada. Portable Conservatories a
specialty. Prices from SS35.00, eadi securely packed and shipped f. o. h. to any partof the Union. Send for illustrated
circular. Correspondence solicited from all parties desirous of information or about to build. Architect's designs carried
out with great care. OFFICES: 144 Pearl Street, New York ; 6 South Merrick Street, Philadelphia. ]el2

^ FoTGREEN HOUSES, GRA^PTmESycONSEWATORlES,

HOT HOUSES AND HOT BEDS.

VANHORNE, GRIFFEN & CO.,

IMPORTERS OF FRENCH WINDOW GLASS. ALSO AMERICAN WINDOW GLASS, u.n
131, 133, 135 & 137 Franklin St., New York City.

Architects'and BuildersTocket Companion

AND PRICE BOOK,

By FRANK W. VODGES, Architect.

Consisting of a short but comprehensive epitome of Decimals, Duo-
decimals. Geometry and Mensuration, with tables of U. S. Mea«
sures, strengths, etc., of iron, wood, stone and various other ma-
terials, quantities of materials in given sires and dimensions of
wood, brick and stone, and a full and complete bill of pricts for
Carhinter work. Also, rules for computing and valuing brick and
bricK-work, stonework, painting, plastering, &c., 2S4 pages, i6mo,
cloth $1.50. Tuck, ^2.00. Sent by mail postage free, on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

Orchid Grower's Manual

BY BBNJ. F. WILLIAMS, F. R. H. S,

Containing descriptions of 930 Species and Varieties oi
Orchidaceous Plants with notices oftimes of flowering,
approved modes of treatment and practical instructions on general
culture. Remarks on heat, moisture, soil, seasons of growth and
rcit suited to the several species.

FIFTH EDITION ENLARGED WITH COLORED FRONTISPIECE.

and numerous beautiful illustrations, 336 PACES l2mO

QLOTH. Price, $3.50. Sentby mail, postage free, onrc"

ceipt of price.

Address C. H MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila

i^A SPECIAIiiTY^

Grand Collection of all the Best Varieties, em-
bracing the latest Novelties, Separate and In Mix-
ture. Strictly First-class Seed only. Send for New

Seed Price List, issued February 1st.

812

ALBERT BINZ, Douglaston, N. Y.

tm- SEE FIKST PAGE FACING COVEB.-ed

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTlbEK.

OUR PRICE LIST

OF

Celery, Cabbage, Cauliflower

AND

Strawberry Plants^°^

POT-GROWN vtrau/hDnri/ K cintc pot-grown

For July and August Planting,

WILL BE MAILED ON APPLICATION.

PETER HENDERSON&CO.

35 & 37 Cortlandt Street,

NEW YORK.

OI?,IDEI^ "Z"OTJI?,

DUTCH^BULBS

Before August 15th,

And secure the low Special Bates oflFered by us now to timely orders. You will
find us to compete favorably with direct offers from Holland.

SFECI-flLL LIST

Just issued ; also for choicest PANSY and PRIMULA SEED ; will be mailed Free

to the Trade on application.

Please bear in mind that early orders will be of great help to us, and that
the quotations remain in force only until AUGUST 15th, when our regular Fall
List for goods delivered from Stock will be issued at higher figures.
Respectfully,

P. 0 BOX 899 AUGUST ROLKER & SONS.

New York, July 1st. 1885.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THE BERMUDA EASTER LILY

If Potted now can be had in Bloom by December 1st.

LARGE STOCK OF FINE BULBS

READY FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT.

The great value of the Bermuda Easter Lily (Z,i7n/m Ha/'n'55it) for forcing for cut flowers is now an established
fact. Last season we potted 2,000 bulbs in August, plunging them out doors. As soon as they were well rooted we
brought a lot into the houses, and these were in bloom by the firHt of December, and from that time until now, July lOth,
we have had a supply of flowers without intermission. Since Ilecember 1st all of the bulbs have bloomed the second
time, and some of them are now showing their third bloom. With a suflicient (juantity of bulbs, there is no doubt but
what the Bermuda Lily can be bad in bloom all the year round. We otfer flne large bulbs, ready August 1st, at S8.00
per 100, S75.00 per 1,000. Cash or satisfactory references required with all orders.

*' \A/II I I AM PPAMPIQ RPNMrTT " I ha.ve obtained from Mr. Evans the exclusive agency for the
VVIULIMm rnMllUlO D[.llllU l l. .sale of this celebrated Rose in Westem Pennsylvania. Circulars
and price list on ;iii|tlioatinii. I will dt'liver the Roses in Pittsburgh and vicinity free of express charges. Before order-
ing Bennett's it will jniy to correspond with me. I have the finest and healthiest stock of this Rose in the country.

AMFRIPAN RPAIITV New Forcing Rose. Thi.s superb Rose is comparatively unknown, as the intro-
MlflbnlOMIl DCiHU I I J ducers have not advertised it at all, but in the opinion of the best Rose growers it
is equally as valuable as the celebrated "Bennett" (thougli hot conflicting with it in any way), being entirely distinct in
color ana shape. The *' American Beauty" is somewhat Tike "Countess of Oxford" in shape of flower, but larger, and
has the true Hybrid fragrance. The color is a glowing deep carmine, and it is wonderfully free flowering— every shoot
producing a bud. For Winter flowering it will be very profitable for years to come, as its splendid flowers will always com-
mand high prices. All the principal rose growers have already purchased it largely. SI. 25 each, *12 ^ doz., $75 ^ 100.

SyiPLiS i®SiS-VERY I^HEaP,

500 SOUVENIR D'UN AMI 4-INCH POTS

300 CATHERINE MERMETS 4-INCH POTS

200 CORNELIA COOKS 4-INCH POTS

.W WRITE FOR PRICES, -©ft

BENJ. A. ELLIOTT, 54 Sixth St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

. MARSCHUETZ & BACHARACH,

1^ 25 NORTH FOURTH STR£ET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.,

IMPORTERS OF AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IK

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

^f^'^ ^-^^"-ff^r^^^^^Si Bouquet Papers (Italiens), Pasted Cartons,

'' ' ' ^^xf^^^^^^ Immortelles, Dried Grasses and Flowers,

WmmmW Ornamental Crass Bouquets, Mosses,

SS^&J^ Wire Designs, Tin Foil,

Swiss Moss and Fancy Baskets.

-MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF BASKETS FOR FLORISTS*

Illustrated Catalogue free on application. Orders will receive careful attention and prompt sliipment. apl2

FRUIT SEEDS AND STOCKS

MAZZARD and MAHALEB CHERRY, MYROBOLAN and HORSE PLUM, FRENCH CRAB, PEAR,

APPLE, aud other seeds ; also a full line of FRUIT STOCKS.

The good quality of wliat we sell is well known to our customers. We solicit inquiries from
those wanting seeds or stocks.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES,

GERMANTOWN, PHIL A., PA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

GrREENHOUSE ffEATING

Venfilating Apparatus.

01,JI

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

'm^ No. 233 Mercer Street,

Base-Burning Water Heater
Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

NEAR BLEECKER STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corrugated Ffre-box Boiler.
Five sizes. Patented, 1867, New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES .-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS,

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

SA8H-RA18SNG APPARATUS,

Lifting-Rods k Saslies,

Improved Saddle Boiler.

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877.

Etc., Etc.

Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Cata-
logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

SPECIAL OFFER TO FLORISTS AND HORTICULTURISTS!

ROSES FOR FORCING THIS FALL AND FALL SALES. PRICES OF PLANTS, INCLUDING PACKING,

Orders, large or small, shipped after October 1st. All budiled on Seedling Briar: 3 and 3 Years Old. Grown
for one year in tUis country. Very large bushes. Briar Stocks, tit to graft on, «16 per 1000.

Stand. Tree Roses-S,'/)
Half do. " •' ..?25
Centifolia,lowbud.S 'J
Provence, " ..S 9

100

SStlO f! M
K>(IO "
S 83 "
S 85 "

; S ») %1 M
1 95

S 90

Tea-Scent.,lowbudSll ^ 100; SlOO V M
Noisette, " SU " SlOO "

Boiubon, " Slu " S 9.5 "

H. P. Roses, " SIO " $ 95 "

Moss Roses,lowlnul 610 %! 100 ;
" H.P. " '■ SIO ■■

China, or Monthly Ever-
bloom'g, low bud SIO
These prices are for all varieties in our Catalogue, includiiiK newer kinds, except Merveille de Lyon. $15 fl 100.
The roses offered below are not imported : they are gialted on seedling Briar .Stocks tliis Winter ; gi-own in 4-in. pots ;
plants in a fine sTrowinn- condition. Delivered anv time after . April 1st, during the Summer. Send your orders.
The NEW YELLOW HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSE — GLOIKE LYONNAISE — obtained by crossing Mme. Falcot (Tea) with
Baroness Rotlis(diiid (H. P.) 1 plant oOo., $3 per 10, $7 per 25, S12 per 60, $20 per 100.

382 Niphetos S15 f! 100 ; t2 ^ doz.

389 PerledesJardinsS12 " 82 '■

4010 Duke of Connaught & "

413 Souv. d'nn Ami sr

2222 Lady Marie FltzwilUam .S.S ft doz.

364 Mareschal Niel S2 "

Wm. Francis Bennett. ..SI. 75 ea.
4tS* For Fall delivery, WhinUam's lu-

2070 Pierre Guillot S3 V doz-

2219 .Souv. de Therese Levet 33

2224 Red Malmaison S2

2216 Princesse of Wales S3

dustry. the best grown Gooseberry for general purposes in England, S2 i 'Jl 100, SISO f> IIKIO ; Extra Strong 2 year Bushes.
PANSY SEEDS in 46 choice varieties, mixed 85 per oz. | LILY OF THE VALLEY PIPS.. S21? 100, $15 ? 1000, SU5 f) 10,000

SCHULTHEIS BROTHERS, - - Rose Growers,

tjll2

P. O. Box 78.

COLLEGE POINT, LONG ISLAND, N. Y.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

Established in 1857,

O. Box 2956.

296 P£:.A.FC.I^

STREET,

"New York City.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES

C. G. VAN TUBERGEN. Jr.. Seedsman and Florist, Haarlem, Holland.

JOHN STEWART & SONS, Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, .... Dundee, Scotland.

LEVAVASSEUR & FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, Ussy, !• ranee,

LENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

PIERRE SEKIRE. Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

COCHET-AUBIN & KILS. Rose Growers, Grisy-Suisnes, France.

EUGENE VERDIER FILS AINE, Florist ; New Gladioluses, Roses, Paeonias, etc., a specialty, Paris, France.

V. LEMOINE, Florist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBIIF.(v, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - OlUoules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEM8CHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,
whose Catalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received tor distribution. |al2

A.. BI.wA.I7C.

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FtORISTS,

SEEDSMENANDNUKSEKIMEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 25c. for large illustrated
hook and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plantatious, Young Evergreens. Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds ana .Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense btoCK.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free

1838-P-A-RIlY !!!iTKA.-%VJ3EK.R.Y-l885

has ag.ain surpassed all others, over .50 best varieties, at

POIVION.A. NURSBFIXEIS.

And received three more fir.st prkmiums and two more
SPECIAL AWAKDS at Moorcstown. Vineland and N. York
Strawberry Shows. Also the FIR.ST pkkmium and .swkef-
STAKE PRIZE over all other new varieties .at Pi-ovidence,
R.I. Send for testimony from various St.ate8. Pot grown
PLANTS NOW READY. Lawson and Kieffer Pears, Wilson
Jr. Blackberry, Grapes. *c. Catalogue free.
au2 WM. PARBT, Parry, W. Jeraey.

mhi

J. JENKINS,

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

Winona. Columbiana Co., Ohio.

A^% ^% I ^ [■ Send six cents for postage, and re-
f* fC I ^m Ca ceive free, a costly box of goods
which will help vou to more mopey right away than anything
else in this world. All, of either .sex, succeed from first hour.
The broad road to fortune o|ifns before the workers, abso-
lutely sure. At once .addnss. True & Co., Augusta, Me. mhB

INJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

By MARY TREAT.

Fully Illustrated. 2«,S pages 12ino, cloth.
Price, 82.00 by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. U. ilAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phlla.

LOUIS BOEHMER,

J

EXPORTER OF

,&c,

NOS. 4, 5 <5c 28 BI-tJFT,

Prices on application. [f 12] YOKOHAMA, JAPAN.

THE GRANGER FRUIT AND VEGETABLE
~ E"VA.I»OR A.TOF133.

$3.50. $6. and $10, S,>nd for Circular.
EASTERN MANUFACTURING CO .
apB 268 South Filth Street. Phlla.

AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY.

By Robert Bui.',t.
With practical directions for the Culture of Plants in Flower-
Gard,-n, Hot-House, Grcen-House, Koonw, or I'orlor Windows,
for ever;' month of the year. Instructions for erectini; Hot-
house, Greer house, and faying out a Flower parden. Instruc-
tion lor cultivating, propagating, pruning and training the
lirap) vine and description of best sorts for the open air. 34'
Piigcs. 12mo, cloth. Pricejl 60. Sent by mail i)c,»t paiii on receipt
of price. CliAS. H. .M.U'.OT,

814 Chestnut .St. Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic. Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

OreenJiouses, Graperies, Cmiservatories, I*roiiagating Houses, For-

citig Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

JRooms, and Heating Water /o»" Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks. Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

DA.VID SIMEIT-H,

86 BEVEFtLY STREET,

I&713 BOSTON. IMEASS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

yyiLKS' CIRCULATING 8T0YE

CO

Su

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H

&3

CD

D-

-5

rn

CD

CO

C/J

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5"

ffQ
I

Send for Price List.

Manufactured by S. WILKS,

S. W. Cor. Monroe and Clinton Sts., CHICAGO, ILL.

UuiiruuE, Iowa, May 13Ui, 1885.
Messks. Aug. Rolkek A Sons, N. Y.:

Dear Sirs— I have soiue Fir Tree Oil yet, but will need more after awhile ; we
have almost annihilated "Mealy Bug" liere, our greatest pest, geller.^lly. I dilute
one part in fifteen hot water and" it combines at once and is certain death to the bug.
I find it good for cleansing foliage as well as an Insecticide.

Yours, W. A. Harkett.

To be bought through any respectable Seed House in the larger towns, in pint bottles
at 75 cts ; in hall pints at 50 els. For larger ijuantities address,

AUGUST ROLKER &

fl2

The Sole Agents lor America.

P. O. Box 899, or 44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

The Flowering Plants, I

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF

GFtEIA'T BRITAIN

And their allieH, the Club Mu»se8, Pepperwurtn and
UorHetailH.

By ANNIE PRATT,
6 vols, octavo, cloth, gilt. 31'J full colored iilates. Illustra-
ting 1513 species figured witli inde.x in each vol. with botani-
cal and common name rcleiring I.o plate, figure and paper.
Price 832.00 sent post-iiaiil. Address,

CHAS. H. MAJIUT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Parts II Ufmi of Paris

considered in rcl.ition to the wunts of OTHER CITIES, and of
PUBLIC and PRIVATK GROUNDS.

By WM. ROBINSON.

Splendidly and proruscly illustrated, pp. 548. Octavo. l*ric«
87.50. Mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. P'aROT,

&14 Chestnut St.. Phlla.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

They are Guaranteed to he the 3Iost Powerful, Durable and Eco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Country.

We are also manufacturing; all the various sizes of MYERS'
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &c.
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price List.

1173 South Ninth Street,

THOS. J. MYERS, Manager.

aptf

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

10

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Inpmed

Water Sdlers

■FOR HEA-XINGr

GrBBDliises, GrepEriiis, Ciiserf aliries, Propaptiii Uses, M.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No. 46 Marion Street, Hevr York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dl3

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

II

DIFtECTOFlY.

aS^Send for Circular and conditions of insertion under this heading. "=5; aH

GENERAL BULB CO.. Vogdcnzang (Hoi- ' THOMAS MEEHAN,

land). N.Y. Agency, 19 Broadway, apia 1 Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil,

E. L. KOETHEN, Plants, Seeds, Flowers, j S. W. PEEK, Hartwell Nurseries,

Small i'mits, Zanesville, Ohio. | Hartwell, Georgia.

A.WHITCONIB, Bedding and Greenhouse
Plants, Lawrence, Kansas.

Wm. J. Stewart,

—WHOLESALE DEALER IX—

CUT FLOWERS

asa FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,

67 Bronifield St.,

BOSTON, MASS. u.

CHAS. R. STILLWELL,

Wholesale Florist and Rose Grower.

ROSES GROWN SPECIALLY for WINTER FORCING.

SEND FOR TRADE LIST.

jll2

FOR SALE

King's Highway, Gravesend, L. I., N. Y.

rFELl7EsYmiyHED'FroRTs^r'slDTiNES"s

At Hagekst<)\v>'. Ml) ; Location,
Jiiiildinj;.s, Heatiiitj; and Water all
first-class. A Growing Trad'e by
Express, as well as local patronage. Hagerstown is a pros-
perous R. R. center of 8,000 population, with a fine, well-
settled surrounding country. Can be sold with or without
neat cottage dwelling house. A good opening for man of
energy and moderate capital. F^or further particulars ad-

f^^i^' J. W. DAVHOFF, Hagerstown, Md.

With lease, 6 greenhouses, water in the
houses, good ground for planting: 6 room
dwelling house, stable. Stock of plants for
>;Ue. Cheap rent.

JAMES MAGILL, 3100 N. Broad St., Phila., Pa.

BOSTON TEA ROSES

CaretuUy packed and sliipi't'd to all points in Western and
Middle Imitates, at low.^t l;o-r..n market prices. Price list
of Flowers and Flnn>i>' >up['!ics sent on application.

WELCH BROS.,

WHOLESALE FLORISTS.
rl2 16.1 Tremont Street, Boston, MaHg.

FOR RENT

GEO. MULLEN, Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School .St., near P:uker House.) Boston, MaSS.

Kln\\ers carefully packed ,ind shipped to any part of the
counrry. Send f<ir"Price List. Special rates on rej;ular lot^.
rirdi-r>'hv mail, teleirraph or expi'css jironiptly attended to.
Imiiiortclles, Imnioitelle Lettering, Wire Desifois, Coil Wire
Tiiiloil, Bleached Wheat, Match Sticks, Toothpicks, con-
stantly on hand and solil at lowest wholesale rates. (For-
merly with W. J. Stewart.) dl2

Florist Estahlishment,
at Rochester, N. Y.,
(three houses 63x10 ft.,
one K3X20 ft.,) heated
with Hitchings' Boiler. All in first-class order ; has a good
and growing local trade and well-established mail and ex-
press trade. Houses well stocked. As much land as re-
quired can be had adjoining. Large dwelling house and
barn on premises. A good opportunity. Address,
W. J. CRAWFORD,
76 & 78 Eaat Water St., Syracuse, N. Y.
A first-class partner to engage in
the cut flower and plant trade in
New York Citv. .-Vddress,

Bedford Station, Weslcteler Co., N, Y.

THOMAS YOUNG, Jr.,

WHOLESALE FLORIST,

NO. II WEST 27TH STREET,
NS-W YORK.

.^-CHOICE ROSES A SPECL\LTY.-^« Sl2

Wanted

Florist, Boi

WEIGELA FLORIBOIDA.

CRIMSON WEI6ELA.

THE flattering success this beautiful Weigela attained the past
season, has induced us to largely increase it in numbers, and
we believe we now have the largest stock of it in the country. It
is more like a large erect Fuchsia, in color and form, than the
ordinary kinds, and has been called the "FUCHSIA WEIQELA"
by some people. We can offer it this season at very reasonable
rates to those who desire to buy in iiuantities to sell again.

For full description see our CATALOGUE for F.\i:.I. of 1885,
which we will mail free to all applicants.

lEEHM'S MRSEEIES,
Cermantown, Philad'a, Pa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Something New in Water Heaters

Please take Notice.

Sectional View of Carmody's Patent

SEHIOUL E!!IEISIDI mill mill

Especially adapted to the heating of

And other Buildings where the HOT WATER system is desired.

This Heater is composecl of sections, and
can be enlarged or diminished in size at will.

By removnig the impacting sections it be-
coiTP*; n tirst-eJaPs saddle boiler.

It can be used in connection with a flue
along the ground, or not, at pleasure.

It requires no tire pit, where water is liable
to extinguish the tire.

It burns soft coal as well as hard, and does
not clog up with soot.

It has more heating surface in proportion
to its size than anv other boiler in the Tuarket.

It is the CHEAPEST and most durable tirat-
class boiler made.

For De8crii»tive Circular and Price List*
address the I*roprietor,

J. D. CARMODY,

FLORIST,

EVANSVILLE, IND.

HOW TO HEAT A GREENHOUSE WITH WATER.

The inventiu of tliis Healer has lately pub-
lished an illustrated treatise on the above sub-
ject, which every Florist should possess, as it
"gives full instruction how to set the boiler, ar-
range the pipe, make joints, meud leaks, aud
much other desirable information. In tact, any
one by following its directions can pipe tlieir
own houses without the assistnnce of a plumber
or high-priced labor. Price 50 cents. Address,

J. D. CARMODY,

tstf KvansTille, Ind«

RKFMACT'A ikl^BA.

/^P this really valuable Winter-flowering
^^ Bulb we have^to offer a large stock. It
is unquestionably one of the best flowers for
all purposes in cut flower work.

Per 100 - - - $6.00

Roman Hyacinths, Lilium Candidum,
Tulips, Narcissus, and all other Dutch
Bulbs of the Finest Quality.

A Descriptive Catalogue is now in Press,
and will be forwarded in due course.

V.H.HALLOCK, SON & THORPE,

East Hinsdale, N. Y. au

NorlliAiiericaiSilTa

•■> V(»Is,, l.jfi colored plates, in ;iO part.s:

111 parts, iinbouiKl JliO 00

" Halt Tin key Morocco, antique irilt 70 fO

" Full " " " 7.5 no

" Cloth, Kilt ton 65 00

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Pbila.

Chiefly such as are Caused by Fungi, liy WushiiiKton ().
Smith, K.L.S., M.A.I. Member of the Scientific Commit-
tee of the Royal Horticultural Society. 14H Illustrations
drawn and engraved hy the author. 1(1 mo, 3.J3 pages, cloth,
price 81.50, by m.iil jmst-paid. Address,

CHAS. II. MAROT, SU Cliestnut St., PhUa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

13

Indian Azaleas. CABBAGE PLANTS

CAMELLIAS :iii<l RHODODENDRONS. Immense Stock nf
tlie Best Varieties. <\ili'iiiliillv iim.ri'il wnh tliiwer liuds
every v. ir. Best Varieties "i PALMS an. I ORCHIDS per 100.
HERBACEOUS .in. I TREE FERNS a siieeialtv, .-..iLsibtiiig of
600 varieties. Applv t.>

WALLEM & SON,

Ledeberg, Ghent, Belgium.

tjU

LATK FLAT DUTCH, FOTTLER'S IJIPROVED
BKINSWICK and KARLY WIXXINGSTADT, «l.aO

per 1000; S12.00 per 10,0(jU.

tmyia J. L. DILLON,

Seedsman and Florist. Bloomsburg, Pa.

TO IMPORTERS OF ROSES.

Cranston's Nursery and Seed Co., Limited,

PROPRIETORS OF

mM LAR msT EMM moffwm iw TEE wmu

Have over HALF A MILLION ROSE PLANTS for sale, ami are prepared to book orders for delivery in the
Fall. All the leailing varieiies, suitable for forcing, can be supplied in large, as well as small quantities, as we grow
from 1,000 to 10,000 of each sort. Visitors to England are cordially invited to inspect our Nurseries, and we shall be
pleased to answer any enquiries as to the best and nearest route. &c. Before giving away your orders, write for our
Catalogues, which will be mailed free of charge. Special prices on application.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY AND SEED CO., Limited,

au4 KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD, ENGLAND.

To engage in the FLORIST BUSINESS, in a city of nearly 200,000 inhabitants.

Greenhouses for Rent! Stock for Sale!

14,000 siiuare feet of glass, heated liy two 'J.', horse-power steam boilers. 4 acres of land, ottice, sheds, city water
sewerage, Ac, &c. A. complete establishment, doing a wholesale and retail business. Also, if desired, a tine residence
and ornamental grounds adjoining.

^A FINE LOT OF CAMEI,I,IAS AND OKNAMENTAI, PLANTS FOB SALE ^HFIP m.

Write for particulars. w. B. & W. M. TABER, WhoiesalB Florists, Detroit, Mich.

Its History, Culture, Classitication and Nomenclature.

BY F. W. BURBIDGE,

Curator of Trinity College Botanical Gardens, Dublin. 102
pages. Octavo, cloth. Price, Sl.oO ; by mail, postpaid.

' CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., PhUa.

JUST PUBLISHED.

The Sportsman's Gazetteer,

BY CHARLES HALLOCK.

New, Revised and Enlarged Edition.

This well-known volume, comprising 1,000 pages, passed
through sis editions, and became the recognized authority
in botu continents on matters pertaining to Field Sports.
It has now been revised under the personal supervision of
the author, who, since the appearance of the last edition,
has largely extended his knowledge of the subjects treated
by three years' travel over new portions of the United
States ancl Canadas, which have not hitherto been brought
to the immediate attention of >>portsmen. This revised
edition contains entirely new matter in several depart-
ments, a newly engraved portrait of the author, new maps,
and many fine illustrations representing Game Birds, Game
Dogs, Game Fishes, etc., etc. Price, post-paid, $3.00.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Art of Propagation.

A Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and Every-
body, 32 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 25 cuts, price 30
cents. Mailed, postage free, on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 ChestnutSt, Phila.

— DOWNING'S-

Or, Tie CEltflre, Propaptloi, U Maiiement, Id He
Garden ni OrcHard, of Fmlt Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Descriptions of all the Finest Varie-
ties of t-'ruit, Native and Foreign, cultivated in this Coun-
try; containing, also, A History of 1nsect.s Inxcrious to
Fruit, and the best methods of destroying them.

Mr. Charles Downing has been engaged on this revision
from time to time, and has produced unquestionably the
most complete Bejerence Book /or the Cultivators of Pruit
ever issued.

Of Apples only he has over J.50 pages of varieties. New
and better drawings and engravings have also been made of
all the Fruit.

Tlie complete work, including three Appendices, is
brought down to 1881, and forms one thick

8vo VOLUME OF OVER 1,850 PAGES.
Price, handsomely bound in full cloth, - . . 85.00.

Recommendation from Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,
President of the American Pomological Society :

Genllemen .-—I have received a copy from Mr. Charles
DoOTiing of the second revised edition of the "Fruits and
Fruit Trees of America." It is the most comprehen-
sive of any similar work, in tart A COMPLETE ENCY-
CLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN POMOLOGY, brought do«-n
to the present time. The original edition by his brother, the
late Andrew Jackson Downing, popular as it ever has been,
is made doubly interesting and useful by this revision, com-
prising the results of a long life of critical observations.
As a work of reference it has no equal, and deserves a place
in the Library of every Pomologist in America.— Marshall
P . Wilder.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

bll Chestnut Street, Phila.

u

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

VIOLETS

Marie Louise, from 2in. pots S4.00 per 100

Swanley Wliite, ' 0.00

Well rootetl cuttings of the above ready for planting for
half the above price.

NEW DOUBLE WHITE DAISY

Excellent for winter blooming, SiG.OO per UiO ; rooted out-
tings half price.

Stock Plants

Of the very best and newest Geraniums, Fuchsias, Car-
nations, Begonias, from 2-ln. pots, »1.50 per doz., two
doz. for SiJ.OO.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS

50 the newest and best for 85.00; 100 varieties for S5.00
and 200 varieties tor S8.00.

Nicholas Studer,

tsl2

iucosu F, 0., WASHiran, i. c.

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day Handbook for the Farm. Full
of Labor-saving devices and Home-made contrivance.s,
Tvithin the reach of all. Contains the best ideas gatheretl
from a score of practical men in all depai'tments of Farm
Labor. 212 Illustrations, 240 pages, 12 mo, cloth. By mail,
post paid, for S1.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Being the experience of many practical writers. Bring-
ing together the devices that hundreds of housekeepers
have found useful in their own homes. The "Conveniences"
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
ing that they may lighten the labor and "save steps" to
many an over-worked housekeeper. 220 Illustrations, 240
pages, 12 mo, cloth. Sent by mail, post paid, for 81.50.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

A MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BY ISAAC P. T1LLINGHA8T.

Containing the experiences of the author in starting all those
kinds of vegetables which are most difficult for a novice to produce
from seed ; with the best methods known for combating ana repell-
ing noxious insects and preventing the diseases to which garden
vegetables are subject. 102 pages, i6mo, cloth, price, ;Pi.oo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS.

BY A. S. Packard, Jr., M.D.
Al80 a Treatise on those Injurious ami Hknepiciai, to
Crops. For tlie use of Colleges, Farms, Hehnols and Agri-
culturists. Illustrated with 11 plates, and ti-'M woorl-cuts.
702 pages, 8vo, cloth. Price, 30,00. Sent l)y mail post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

NEW AND BARE EAST INDIAN AND OTHER

ORCHIDS#-

The undersigned offers EAST INDIAN and other ORCHIDS

fn lari^e quantities, well established plants, as well as extra

larfje specimens. At prues much lower than they can be

purchariod in Kurope.

AN<iK^CCMS in variety; splendid plants.

AKIl>ES— V'irensEllisii, Lobbii. Roseum. Adoratum,Crassi-
iolium. Crispum. Ciuinnuevulnerum, Fieldingi, &c.

CALANTHAS—Veit.hii,V(.'>tita rubra, Lutea, Nivalis, <fec.

CATTLEYA — Eldoiadu. KIdoiado splendens, Superba,
Mos!>iJB, Leopoldii, Mendelii, Trianai, Amethystina, L#eo-
poldii. Pereivaliana, Jmperialis, Maxima, Skinerii, &c,

CYPRIPEDICMS — Candatum, Concolor, Niveuro,
Pieroeii, Lawrenciana, Sedeni, Lowei, Spicerianum,
Arffus. Ciliolaie, Ilipzlli, Kobelina. &c.

DENDKOBICMS— A-t;ri'i;utuni, Albo-Sanguineum, Bar-
batulum, Clirysautbuiii, Cretaceum, Chrvsotoxum, Cras-
sinoda, DaUiou.-^iauinn, Devonianum, Iilburneum, Fal-
conerii, timbriatuiii orculatum, fonnosum fjiganteum,
Luteolum, macrophyllum giganteum, Parishii, Pier-
ardii latifolia Suavissimum, Wardianura, Dearii, Tliy-
rsiflorura, Jamesaanum, Nodatum, Densiflorum,
Kehroederi, ikc.

L.^LI AS— AiH-p)is. Wnpi'rbiens, Alba, Dawsonii, Perrinii.tfec.

LVCASTESKINNEKII— Agranduinter-floweringOrchid.

ODONTOGLUSSU MS— Grande. Birtoniensis,Rossiimajus,
Phalainopsis, Kramerii, Roezlii, Crisi>um, Pescatorea,&c.

PHiELANOPSIS— AmabiIis,Sohilleriana,CornuCervi,&c.

SACCOLABIUM — Blumei inajus. Guttatum, Ampula-

ceum, Violacetim, Curvifolium giganteum, Retusem, Ac.

Masdevallias; Tricopilia; Vadas; Barkerias ; Chysis ;

Corjanthes; Phajus ; Stanhopeas; Sobralia: Utricularias.

With many rare Orchids. Catalogue on application.

tau3

WASHINGTON, D. C.

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Beinf^ descriptiims. both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties; with full and practical nistructions for their sticcess-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, S2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

By Cbas, Darwin.

With copious descriptive contents and index. Uluatrated.
462 pjiges, fimo, clot h, PricoJT.OO.
Senl by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

8H Chestnut St., Phila.

AMERICAN GARDENER'S ASSISTANT.

By Thomn.s Bridi^em.in.

^Containing complete practical directions for the cultivation of
Vfj^etutjles, Flowers, Fruit Trees and Grapevines. Illustrated.
6-y p:ii;es, 12mo, cloth. Price S2.50. Sent uy mail post-paid on
rcceii)t of price.

Address CHAS. n. MAROT,

814 ChcMnut St., Phlla.

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henry T. Williams.

Devoted specinlly to the Culture of Flowers and Ornamental
Plants for In-dortr use and Parlor Decoration. .Splendidly illus-
trated. 300 pages, mod. 8vo, cloth. Price 81.50. Sent by moil
post-paid on receipt ol price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St.. Phlla.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

15

FOREIGN GRAPE VINEQ

■ FOR GRAPERIES ^^

PRICE:

I One year old vines. $1.00 each.
! Two year old vines, $2.00 each.

Frontignan Gririly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg Wilmot'B,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria,
Lady Down's Seedling,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz.
Trentham Black,
White Nice,
^Vhite Syrean,
White Sweetwater,
White Tokay.

Bowood Muscat,
Muscat Hamburg,
Canon Hall Muscat,
Madresfield Court Muscat,
Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat,
Muscat of Alexandria,
Black Prince,
Black Alicante,
Black Barbarossa,
Black St. Peter's,
Buckland Sweetwater,
Calabrian Raisin,
Chasselas de Fontainebleau
Chassclas White,
Chasselas Golden,
Duchess of Buccleuch,
Frontignan White,

Catalogue sent free on application.
We would also call special atteniion to our stock of
Camellias, Azaleas, Acacias, Roses and general collection
of winter-blooming; ornamental foliage and bedding plants

DAVID FERGDSSON & SONS, LaM Hill Nurseries,

t.f.12 Ridge and Lehigh Avenues. Philadelphia, Pa

TF you wish to make the

Gardeners' Monthly

THREE TIMES AS VALUABLE,

BIND m NUMBERS

Of each year. Tbe index for the year's volume makes every
article in it easily accessible, and you will be surprised to
find how fresh and satisfactory the magazine is for reference.
If vou have no bookbinder in convenient reach, mail us
your numbers, post-paid, and 90 cts. in stamps for each year,
enclosed in your letter of advice. We will i eturn you the
volumes bound in neat cloth cases post-paid. It you value
the mag:azine in numbers you will value it still more pre-
served in this permanent form. Address,

CHAS. H. aiAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FRUIT CULTURE

And the LAYING out and MANAGEMENT of a

Extra Fine Tea Roses for Sale

1000 Cuth. .Mcnnet, qt. pots. I 800 Nii.lietos, qt. pots.

1000 Pciie dc.-.lavdines " 80o Smiv. d'un Ami

500 .Mad;im Cuisine " | 500 Gen. .lacquerainot "

500 Cornelia Cook, gal. pots. 1 year old, very fine.

The abcjve are all e.xtra large stocky plants, best possible
condition and pronounced bv experienced growers the best
to be found. " tau2

T. J. SLAUGHTER, Rose Grower, Madison, N. J.

Carnation Plants

BOOTED CUTTINGS of above will be ready for delivery
in Februarv and Florets and Smilax at all times.

THOMAS F. SEAL,

ntf Unionvilie. Chester Co., Pa.

TOBACCO STEMS,

In bales weighing 500 lbs. each, at »5.00 per bale, or three

bales for SIS. 00.
TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board of boats or cars.

ni2 Straiton 6l Storm,

204-208 East 27th St., New York City.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMTTEL B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation. Culture and History of the
Rose. Illustrated. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price $1.50. Sent
by mail post-paid on roceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

COUNTRY HOME.

BY WM. C. STRONG.

20.5 pages, 16mo, cloth. Price, Sl.OO, by mail, post-paid.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FOR

YOUNG AND OLD.

The Cultivation of Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden.

BY JOSEPH HARRIS, 51. S.

niastrated, 191 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
81.25, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

IIJIIOUS TO FMTS.

By Wm. Saunders, F. R. S. C.

Dedicated to the Fruit Growers of America. 8 vo., cloth,
pp. 436. Illustrated with 440 Wood Cuts. Price $3.00 by
mall, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

ALPINE FLOWERS for ENGLISH GARDENS

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.

An explanation of the principles on which the Exquisite Flora ol

Alpine countries may be grown to perfection in nil Parta of the

British Islands, with numerous Illustrations, of Rock Gardens,

Natural and Artificial. 70 Illustrations, 440 pages, crown 8vo, cloth.

Price, J4.50. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila

GARDENING BY MYSELF

BY ANN.\ W'AKNER.

Containing Hints and Experiences under heading of each
month in the ye.ar. Illustrated. 16mo, 223 pages. Price, paper,
50c.; cloth, SI.2.5. Sent my mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, S14 Chestnut St., Phila.

Hand-book of Useful Tables

For the Lumberman, Farmer and Mechanic, containing ac-
curate tables of logs reduced to inch board measure, plank,
scantling anil timber measure ; wages and rent by week or
month ; capacity of granaries, bins and cisterns ; land
measures ; interest tables, with direction for tinding the
interest on any sum at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 per cent, and many
other useful tables. Revised and enlarged edition, 182 pp.,
25 cents. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

The Botanist's Pocket Book.

4th Edition, cloth limp, pp. 208. By W. B. Hayward.
Containing in a tabulated form the chief characteristics of
British Plants, with the Botanical Name, Common Name,
Soil and Situation, Growth and Time of Flowering of every
Plant, arranged under its own Order. Price $1.70. Mailed,
postage tree. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

GREAT SPECIALTY! INDIAN AZALEAS!

inn nnn PLAJ'^TS of aU sues ami ChoiceKt Varieties, ready for delivery in September. Prices on applicatior,
IUU,UUU jKukin;; imlu.leil, by tlie 100 or 1000. Also of KhoiUKlendrons, yiient Azaleas ami Azalea mollis, [tmhtt

AUG. VAN GEERT, Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

N. B.— Orders should be sent at once to secure a good selection of varieties. TERMS : C ASH WITH THE ORDER.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES

^^^^FALL or 1885^^^!-

At the Great American Centennial we had an award for having exhibited 720 specie.s and marked
varieties of hardy trees and shrubs, being without question, the LARGEST EXHIBIT EVER MADE IN
THE WORLD. Few persons have any idea of the immense variety of beauty that an American
garden may possess. It is to the interest of nurserymen to educate their customers, and we make a
specialty of growing young stock for nurserymen to plant on their grounds, or to sell again at once if
desirable. A perusal of our catalogue will be a good aid in this educational movement. jl3

THOMAS MEEHAN, Germantown, near Philadelphia.

THE ORCHID ALBUM THE NEW BOTANY

A Serial Monthly Work on Exotic Orchids. Conducted liy
Robert Warner and Benj.\jiin S. WiIjLiams. Botanical
Descriptions by Thosias Moore, Curator of Chelsea
Botanic Gardens. The colored figures by John Nugent
Fitch. Size of page royal quarto, enabling artist to pro-
duce ample and intelligible portraits of the plants, which
are drawn and colored in the best style. The text comprises
English botanical descriptions of the plants, notes on their
cultivation and such general observations as may prove of
interest and utility to orchid-growers. The subjects selected
for illustration comprise the most ornamental and attractive
species and varieties, new and old, of this noble and beauti-
ful family ; presenting to subscribers a splendid annual
album of floral pictures for the drawing-room and library.
Sold by subscription and issued in regular monthly parts, at
$z 25 per part, or $15 00 for the twelve annual parts, mailed
post free on receipt of price. Each part contains four h.and-
somely colored plates with corresponrling letter-press ! and
a volume of twelve paits will be completed annually. First
part was issued July, 1881, anil an annual volume will be
completed in June of each year following, until the subject
is exhausted.

Orders as received by the undersigned will be entered and
forwarded to the Publisher in London. An interval of from
four to six weeks will ensue between the order and the
reception of initial numbers (per mail, direct from Lon-
don.) by subscriber,— afterwards regularly each month.

Advertisements of a suitable character will be admitted
at following rates per single issue : Whole page, $20.00 ; half-
page, $11.25; qu.arter-page, $.5.50; per inch., single column,
$1.50. Terms cash with the order. Address for subscription
or advertising.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Sole Agent for the United States,

S14 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division 2, — Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
tYDC Price, 91 00, mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,8m Chestnut St., Phllad'a

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition,
revised by the author. 2.5c. Mailed, post-paid on receipt of
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal."— i>ortdo7i Oardener's Magazine.

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study
It " — London Journal of Horticulture,

" No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the be.st of our modern
teachers of Botany." — Gardeners' Monthly.

Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal.— 7/(r Itnfanical Oazetle.

"It would be ilitliciilt to overestimate the difiference be-
tween the delight wliirb a class of l)right young girls or boys
would take in such observations ;us these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analysis of flowers."— iV. Y. Evening Post.

"The mode Prof. Beal so ably pcMnts out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
ing the raind.^'— Country Gentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

SfliB Fine Englisli Boois.

Bontham's British Flora, 2 vols., Svo, Illustrated $16.50

British Sea Weeds, Mosses, Ferns and Entomologv,

squ.are, 16mo, gilt, 8!) plates, -1 vols 12.00

English Flower Hiirdcn, Hnbinson, illustr,^ted 6.00

Ferns of Great Britain and tlicir Allies. 41 col. phates, 6.25
Flowering Plants, (brasses and Ferns of Great Britain,

Pratt. 6 vols., .319 colored plates 32.50

Qilpins' Forest Scenery 3.00

Oreenhouse Favorites, splendid colored Illustrations.. 12.50

Half-Hours in the Green Lanes 2.00

Half-Hours with some FJnglish Anticiuitiea 2.00

I,ow's Ferns of Great Britain. 8 vols., M tky 80.00

Newton's landscape Gardening, fob, 21 dlilc pp. plates. 5.00

Sylvan .Spring, coloreil plates, Heath 6.00

Vegetable World, Figuier, 470 Illustrations, in calf 6.00

Walton & Cotton s Complete Angler, octavo, 60 plates 4.00
Wild Flowers of the Holy L.and (quarto), col. plates. 8.50
Wooster's Alpine Plants. 2 vols 17.50

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

DUTCH BULBS

E. H. KRELAGE & SON,

Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,

HAARLEm. HOLLAND.

The Wholesale Catalncrue. Aniorican edition (No. ^^0 a)
of Dutch Flower roots and Bulbous and Tuberous-
rooted Plants tor lS8-"i and "Sti, is now ready and may be
had tree ou prepaid application. The above catalogue,
although givinjr only an extrart of the collections forms a
pamphlet of -iS pages. Hvo, in two columns, and is donbtless
(me of the most complete sent out for this specialty. The
prices of Hyacinths m general are considerably lower than
before. Prices of Tulips and other bulbs too "are in many
instances inferior to former ijuotations.

tau3

£. H. KRELAGE & SON, Haarlem, Holland

ICONOGRAPHY

-OF-

INDIAN AZALEAS,

Containing plates and descriptions of some of the best old
and new varieties,

BY AUGUST VAN GEERT,

With tlie assistance of the principal Horticulturists and
Amateurs, and translated by Th. Moore, Jr.

This splendidly illustrated work should be in the hands of
every practical gardener and lover of plants.

To nurser^nuen and florists it is a valuable vade mectim to
resort to. I'he plates will prove most useful in the office
and will no doubt help and increase the sale of this popular
class of plants.

The amateur will find it an interesting: book to consult for
the formation of his collection. Besides it is a splendid
volume for the library or drawing room.

Quarto, thirty-six splendid colored plates and 81 pp. text.
Price $7.dO, mai'leil post free. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Kose,

by WM. PAUL.

92 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, Ml 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnul Street, Phila.

Fruit Growers' Hand- Book,

ByF. K. Elliott author of " Western Fruit Growers' Guide"
(one ot the best posted men on the subject in the United States).
Contains the practice on all subjects connected with fruit growing.
The book is made for those who grow fruit for their own use Also
an Appendix, containing matter relating to the selection and culture
of Ornamental Trees, Roses, Plants, &c. Illustrated with 45 wood-
cuts, 130 pages, i6mo, cloth, $1 ; paper, 60 cts. Sent by mail
postpaid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES,

BY B. J. KENDALL, M. D.

With the real essential information relative to each disease. Will
save many times its cost. Gives cause, symptoms and best treat-
ment of diseases. Table with the doses, effects and antidotes of
principal medicines used, and a few pages on action and uses of
medicines. Rules for telling age of Horse and fine engraving show-
ing appearance of the teeth each year. A large collection of valu-
able recipes. Printed on fine paper 7*4x5 inches ; nearly 100 pages,
S5 engravings. Price, 25 cents. Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt
ofprice. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

SHIPPER'S PRIDE PLUM.

BUDS NOW READY of this Valuable Market Plum.
Order from Headquarters. Send for description
and i>ripo of buds.

H. S. WILEY,

tan Cayuga, N. Y.

Downing's Landscape Gardening and
Rural Architecture.

BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING, ESQ.

Adapted to North America, with a view t« the improvement in
country residences. Comprising historical notices of the art, di-
rections for laying out grounds and arranging plantations ; the de-
scription and cultivation of hardy trees, decorative accompaniments
of the house and grounds, the formation of artificial water, flower
gardens, etc.; with remarks on rural architecture. With two sup-
plements by H. Winthrop Sargent. Handsomely illustrated, pp.
592. Royal 8vo. Price, ^6.50, by mall, postage free.

The above w^ork is now oat of print and when the few
remaining copies at present in stock are disposed of no more can
be had* Those who wish to secure a copy of this valuable work
while the chance is yet open, should speak at once. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

HAVE YOU YET SECURED A

PHOTOGRAPH

OF THE

ORIGINAL mil PEAR TR[[?

150 TO 200 YEARS OLD AND STIXL STANDINGl

Send for one and have something more than a mere tra-
dition. They are mounted ou card board, 8x10 inches, and
will be securely mailed for 50 cents. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

HAND-BOOK

PRACTICAL "landscape

GARDENING.

Designed for City and Suburban Residences, and Country School*
Houses; containing designs for lots and grounds, from a lot 30 by
roo, to a forty-acre plot. Each plan is drawn to scale, with schedule
to each, showing where each tree, shrub, &c., should be planted
condensed instructions for forming and caring for lawns ; building ot
roads; turfing, protection, pruning and care of trees; making
cuttings, evergreens, hedges, screess, &c. Condensed descriptions
of all the leading trees and shrubs ; soil and position in which they
should be grown. Illustrations of ground plans, elevations, tree*|
shrubs, winter gardening, &c. 96 pp.,8vo, cloth. Price ^1.50.
Semt by mail on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.» Phila.

BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

By tJosiah Hoopes.

A prp.ctical treatise on the Coniferae or Cone-beariiig plants.
Handsomely illustrated. 435 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $3.00-
yent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address

CUAS. H. MAROT,
814 Che-^tnut St., Phila.

18

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

ITo the Trade-Clematis, Roses, «£c.

CLEMATIS.— A large stork of all the U\iilins v:irini,>
ROSES, Dwarf, H. P.'s, *c.— .Ul leading sorts, liii.lilc.l l..v
planting. »(j per 100. *48 per 1000. List of sorts ui">ii applicati
»47 per 10,000. A Good General Stock of TREES and SI I

i.iTi^ tw.i -yoai-olil plants, *15 per 100, »144 per 1000.
Miiietti anil Hrier, verv fine plants for potting or
■MANETTI ROSE STOCKS.— Fine, S5 per 1000;
■.S. EKl ITS, STOCKS, *c-., to Otler.

Late
^Donald ,

BACK VOLUMES

OF THE

^r AliTER SliOCOCK (dosald&son),

GOLDWORTH OLD NURSERY, in -WOKING, ENGLAND.

Select Extra-Tropical Plants,

Readily eli^iV>le for industrial culture or uaturalization,
with indications of their native countries, and some of
their uses, hy Baron Ferd. Von Mueller, K. C. M. G., ^^. !>.,
Ph. D., F. R? S., Government Hotanist of Australia: Hon-
orary or Corresponding Mi.'nil>t.'r of H.cientific Soi'ictics lhhI
Academies in Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco,
Chicago, Kinfjston, Mexico, Caracas, Buenos Ayres.

The question of tree culture is one to which the people of
this country must, before the lapse of many years, of neces-
sity give their attention. In Baron von Mueller's book the
trees and plants not indigenous to this country, but capable
of cultivation here, are given, with such description of them
and of the particular sections to which they are adapted, as
makes it an indispensable work to those interested in im-
proving our native floral wealth. American edition, revised
and enlarged. 450 pages. Octavo. Cloth. Price, 83.00; mailed,
post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENING FOR PROFIT.

BY PKTER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the
MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

New and enlarged edition. Ilhistrated. 276 Pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price, 81.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT, S14 Chestnut St., Phila.

Truck Farming at tlie South

A Guide to the Raising of Vegetables for Northern Marltets.

BY DK. A. OEMLER,

Prest. of Chatham Co., Georgia, Fruit and Vegetable
Growers As.sociation. lUustratetl. 12 mo., cloth, pp. 270.
Price $1.50. Mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

cagtaceous^plMTs

Til F.I U

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Royal Gardens, Kew.
12 mo, cloth. 93 pages with numerous illustrations. Price,
50 cents ; by mail, prepaid.

CHAS.-H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AND OUT BUILDINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designa to suit every taste and pocket.
257 illustrations, 235 pages, 12 mo. cloth, price, 81.50. Mailed,
post paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chesttiut St.

Can Still be had in numbers, per year - - - - ^2(10

Bound in neat cloth cases, including numbers, - - - 2 75

" 3^ Roan, " *• - - - 300

Cloth cases alone, mailed for - • - - - - - 50

Delivered postage /ree.
Or mail us your own numbers, and have them bound in cloth cases
for 90 cents. Returned to you bound, postage free.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

PATENT BINDER

For the Gardener's Monthly. Numbers filed with the greatest
convenience. Preserve them filed tor reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 50
cents each. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St. PhJIa.

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

for the Amateur and Professional Florist. Illustrated. 288 pages,
lamo, cloth. Price, 1^1.50. Sent by mail post-p-iid on receipt of
price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelplii:!

ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

The BEST METHODS EMPLOYED \l ENGLAND and FRANCE,

BY JAMES ByKKNKS AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboeurs Essaj^ on Asparagns,
and particulars of the Beven years eonipetition instituted
for its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
edition. 84 paces. 50 cents by mail on receipt of price.

Address, CilA.S. U. MAItOT, 81-1 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLO WER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Greenhouse, Conservatory and "Window-Garden.
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FTiTrrs for painters.

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being a selection of xiseful rules, data, nu'iuonnula, methods
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SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Bfnjamin S. Williams, K.R.U.S.
Comprising descriptions of 950 choice species .inJ varieties, Brit-
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post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

»9

CHANCE SELDOM OFFERED

The Garfield Nursery

siMiated at Garfieltl, N. J., 11 miles from New York, comprising 9 Acres,
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tcni ; heated and ventilateil by Hitchinps', Steam Pump-tank, &c. The
houses are all planted with tlie best varieties of young Roses. Everything in
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SECOND-HAND BOOKS

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SPEAK QUICKLY IF YOU WANT THEM.

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Allen's Domestic Animals

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Bracketfs Farm Talk

Breck's New Book of Flowers

Bridgeman's American Kitchen Gardener

Butler's Family Aquarium

Coultas' t'rinciples of Bot.any

Downing's Cottage Residences

" Landscape Gardening and Rural Archit..

'* Rural Essays

Emmon's Agriculture "of N. Y., 3 vols. 4to, plates, &c.
Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Gardener's Companion..

Fulton on Peach Culture

Guide to the Orchard, Floy

Half-hours in the Green Liines, Taylor, Illustrated

Harris on Injurious Insects, colored plates

Hayne's American Farrier

Hey's Mrs., .Sylvan Musings,23 col. plates, full calf —
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Quarto

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Liebeg's Turners' Chemistry, 1394 pp., Svo

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duo

25

500

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1 00
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Merrick's Strawberry Culturist

Mcintosh's Orchard, with colored plates

Minot's Land and Game Birds of New England, Dl'd..

New American Gardener

Paxton's Hort. Register, 2 vols, in one (is:il-1833)

Philadelphia Business Directory, l(s84, Boyd

Prince on the Vine

Prince's Poinological Manual

RaudaH's Sheep Husl)andry

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden, cloth

" " " }fi tky, gilt edges

Riddell's Architect, folio, HJ^xH^ (col. plates)

Stewart's Stable Book 7

Studies, by J. A. Dorg.an

Talpa, or (Jhronicles of a Clay Farm

Taylor's Bee Keepers Manuel, Illustrated

The Plant, a Bi«igraphy, 5 col. i>lates and 13 wood eng's

Thompson's, The Food of Animals

Thomas' Fruit t'ulturist

Todd's How to Make Farming Pay

Turner's Cotton Plauters Manual

Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler

Waring's Elements of Agriculture

William's Window Gardening

Woodruff's Trotting Horses of America

Young Angler Illustrated

50
3 00
250

75
1 00
75
75
75

1 25

2 25
2 50

10 00

I 25

75

75

1 50

2 50
75

175
200
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75

1 25

2 00
75

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CHAS. H. 9IAROT,

814 Chestnut Street , Phila,

PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

Book for Beginners with the Microscope, Phln, boards, fully Illustrated

Cements and Glue, Phin, stiff covers

Chemical History of the Six Days of Creation, Phin, 12mo, cloth

Common 01>jeots for the Microscope, Wood, 400 Illustrations, 12 colored plates

Diatoms, A. Mead Edwards, 12mo, cloth

Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements, Brown, Eleventh Edition

How to Use the Microscope, Phin, 86 Engra\'ings, tinted paper, 12mo

Lectures in a Workshop, Pemberton, 12mo, cloth .*

Microscope and Its Revelations, Carpenter, pp. 8.S2, cloth, 26 plates, 500 Engravings

Microscopical Examination of Drinking "U'ater, McDonald, 8vo, cloth, 24 plates

One Thousaiul Olijects for the Microscope, Cooke, 12 plates, 500 figures, 12mo, hoards ..

Ponds and Ditches. M. C. Cooke, 12mo, cloth

Section Cutting : To Prepare and Mount Sections for Microscope, Marsh, 12mo, cloth.

Shooting on the Wing, by an Old Gamekeeper, 12mo, cloth

Steel Square and Its Use's, Hodgson, cloth

i .30

.3S

.75

.60

.76

1.00

1.00

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6.50

2.76

.50

.76

.76

.76

.76

Mailed, post free, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

The Scientific Angler

Being a general and instnictive work on Artistic Angling.
By the late David Foster.

Containing the habits and haunts of fish, bottom fishing
(general), pike fishing, spinning for trout, worm fishing for
trout, grub fishing for grayling, piscatorial entomologj', on
fly makingj ny fishing for trout and grayling, live fly and
beetle fishing, notes on the month lor fly fishing, salmon
and sea trout fishing, about hooks.

Pp. 247. Illustrated. Cloth, 12mo. Price, post-paid, S1.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut 8t., Phila.

Amerlci Gam Bird MM

By JOHN MORTIMER MURPHY.

Aiilhm' of Sporting Adventures in the Far West^ Rambles in
Northwest America, Tlie Zoology and Resources of Ore-
gon and Washington Territory. A Search for the
Mountain of Gold. The Fm-ester of the Ardennes,
Adventures in trie Wilds of Florida, etc. , etc.

Handsomely Illustrated. 347 pages. 12mo. Cloth. Tinted
Paper. Price, S2.00 by mail, post paid. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., PMla.

20

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Rosa canina, Best Quality!

Rosa canina. 1st quality, ready for grafting, per lOOU. .iM ■')0
" " '2d " next'summer, "■ .. il r>0

" " :M " to transplant, " . . 1 2.5

Crateegus oxyaoantha* for hedges :

li years, 1 to 2 ft, per 1000 S2 00

1 year, K to 1 ft. " 1 2.>

1 " '4to><ft. " [tau4] tiO

J. HEINS, Halstenbek, near Hamburg, Germany,

LANGUAGE SERTES.

A new system on theiuostsiniple principles, for Uuivorsal
Self-Tuition, with English pronunciation of every word.
Revised Edition.

Bound in paper

New Edition— Just Published.

German at a Glance.

Boards ;i."» cents.

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Boards 85 cents.
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Bound in paper.
Bound in paper.
Bound in paper.

Price 25 cents.
Price 25 cents.

Price 25 cents.
Price 25 cents.

Phila.

■^TEACHING^

AND SELF-TKACHlN<i BY

NATURAL METHODS.

cts.

The New Botany, by Prof. BeaL paper, Price 25

Industrial Education in the Public .Schools, by Prof.

Htraieht, paper 15

How to Use Wood-Working Tools, by Geo. Leonard

Chaney, cloth 50

GUIDES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING.
Published under the Auspices of Boston Society of

N.itural History.
No. I— About Pebbles, by Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, paper 15
*' U — Concerning a Few Common Plants, by Prof.

Goodalc, paper 25

" in — Commercial and other Sponges, by Prof. A.

Hyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

" IV— First Lesson in Natural History, by Mrs. Eliza-
beth Agassiz, Illustrated, paper 35

•• V — Common Hvdroids, Corals and Ecliinoderms, by

Prof. A. ftvatt. Illustrated, paper 30

" VI— MoUusca; Oyster, Clam and other Common

Mollusks, by Prof. A. Hyatt, paper. 111 35

" Vn— Worms and Crustacea, by Prof. A. Hyatt, Illus-
trated, paper 35

" XH— Common Miner.al8 and Rocks, by Prof. W. O.

Crosby, paper 35

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HOUSE PLANS FOR EVERYBODY,

FOR VILLAGE AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES, COSTING
FROM S250 TO SS.OOO.

By S. B. REED, ARCHITECT-

Including fiitl descriptions, and estimate in detail of material, labor,
cost, with many practical siigRestions, and iVii illustrations; 243
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50 mailed, post-paid on receipt ol
Price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.SUChestnutSt., Phila.

THE SCHOOL GARDEN

BY DK, SCHWAB, DIRECTOK OF THE VIENNA CVMNASllIM, ETC.
PROM THE GERMAN BY MKS. HORACE MANN.

Advocating education by labor as well as by study, not as a task
but as a delight. Adapting the kindergarten principle to older
children. In France and Sweden it is no longer an experiment.
School gardens in city and town arc destined to be a great educa-
tional force in America. This hook, full of spirit and enthusiasm, will
materially hasten the day. Price by mail, 50 cts, each. Hy express,
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Address. CHAS. II. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Strcct,Phila.

The American Ffuit Cultun'st,

Containin*; Practical Directions tor tlie Propagation and
Culture of all Fruits adapted to the United Staie.s,

BY JOHN T. THOMAS,

1st Pres't Fruit-Growers' Society of Western N. Y.; Hon-
orary Mniilicr Mass. Hort. Society; of Penna. Fruit-
Growers' Siicicty; of the Hort. Society of Indiana,
etc., and for 30 Years a Practical Nurseryman.
NEW AND REVISED EDITION.
Illustrated with 519 fine wood engravings. In one hand-
some 12mo volume of 593 pages, bound in extra muslin.
Price, S'2.00, by mail, free of postage. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, SH Chestnut St., Phila.

HAi-BOOK OF PLMTS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A couclse, yet oomprehensive Dictionary of Plants-
Asa book of refereure it will take the place for all practical
purposes, of the expenHive and Toluminous European
works of this kind. Has been written with special view lo
the wanth of the climate of thp United States, both in
matU^rs of propagation and cultare. Instructions for cul-
ture of many important phints. such as the Kose, have been
given at length. Scope of work embraces botanical name,
derivation, Linnaean and natural ur<lers ot atl leading:
genera of ornamental or nseful plaitts up to prenent
time. All important species and varieties with brief in-
structions for propagation and culture. A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local nr common
names. Arrangt^nient ot book is alphabetical, and any
plant can be quickly referred to under scientidc or cum-
mon name. Index is atMed where important plants or
modes of culture can be referred to at o?ice. Also compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical terms, with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fine
paper, handaomely bound iu cloth. Sent by mail, postage paid,
on receiptof price, $3.00, Address

CHAS. H. MjVROT, 8U Chestnut St., Phila.

A ])oi)ular review, containing chapters on Orchid Life,
(^rrhid Flowers, Orchid Mysteries, Orchid Homes, Uses of
Orchids, History of Orchids, Value of Orchids, Hybrid
Urchid.s. By Lewis Castle (Authorof "Cactaceous Plants").

(►riNioNS. — Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart , M.P.: "A useful
little book." Baron Schroder, The Dell Staines: "I have
read your essay upon Orchids with the greatest interest.
I consider it most instructive, and of great use to amateurs."
R. I. Lynch, A. L.S., Curator of the Cambridge University
Botanic Garden ; " Your Orchid Review is a success. The
selection of matter is itiost interesting, and there could be
no ln'tter iiirroducrion for the use of visitors to the Orchid
('onlenMiri' tli;ni this little book."

IJino, (in pages, i:t illustrations. Price ftOc, by mail.
A.l.lreas, CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Ofcis of New [nglanil.

A ropular Moiiosnipli, liy Ili'iuy li:iM\\in.

Oi-i:iv(i, 157 pages, (W IMustnitioiis, fine Kiiglisliclol.li. Price
82.50; niailed, po.st paid.

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THE WILD GARDEN;

Or, UurGrovesand Shrubberies madeBeautlfulby the
Naturali7.Mtiou of Hartly Kxotic Plants.

Hy W. ROBINSON. K. L. S.
With Frontispiece. 2j6 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, ^4.00.
Mailed postage free, on receipt of price. Address,

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

21

Eorli:iiItural Director; ol llis Mel Slalss.

NOW READY FOR DELIVERY.

SOLD ONLY 1!Y Sl'BSCRIPTION.

Price $6.00 per Interleaved Copy, by mail post-paid.

SHrPLEMENT A.— A sciiarute work, with Nurserymen,
Seedsmen, Florists and Fruit Grdwers of Enpland, Ireland,
Seollanii, Wales and Cliannel Islands. If talien witli the
Hortienltural Directory, Sl.OO additional per copy. If with-
out it, $1 .iJ> per copy.

SUPPI-EMENTB.— Also a separate worli, of Nurserymen,
Seedsmen and Florists of Ausiri.i, Havaiia, BeljJiium, Den-
mark. France, Germany, Holland. Hniifiary, Italy, Toland,
Rns>i.i. Saxony, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Wurtem-
herfT. I'.iazil, India, Japan, Aust'r.alia, New Zealand and
South .Mrica. Price, if taken with Horticultural Directory,
Sl.OO additional. If separate, Sl.sn. The 3 together for $8.50.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 81-1 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE PEACH;

Its CHlliire aM Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Blx-President of Chester County Hortienltural Society, and

Honorary Meiul)erof the Pennsylvania t^uit

Growers' Kociety.

A Complete Treatise for the U»e of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all DlHtricts

aflected by the •* lellown" and other

Diseases of the Tree.

% pa^es. 12nio. Cloth, Sl.OO. Paper, 60 cents.

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THE ROSE

Together with Complete Plans and Specifications. Over
100 Engravinfis of Designs and Plans of Coitages and
Country Houses, costing from $200 to $5,1100. By S. B. REED,
Architect, Autlior of '* House Plans for Everyhody." Cloth.
12 mo, mailed, post-paid, for $1.25. Address,

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A NEW BOOK I

NOW BEADY. |

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
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descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, $1.25. Aildress,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Plantinp:, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indii'pnous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and Dcfiiluous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
2yy pages, fine cloth. Price 51.50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H, MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Pblla.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

By Gbo. W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and VegeUbles desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
ihtir cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, i-ncluding the
new plants and varieties. 1026 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
#.:(.0U. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

SCOTT'S

'S

CURRENT EDITION.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
Tree Dealers, Ac, for the United States. Alphabetically
arranged by States and Post Offices. 372 p.ages, S vo. Price,
$10.00. Mailed post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FRUIT &ROWEE'S FRIEO.

AN EASY GUIDE FOR THE

Raising ofFruitsfor Pleasure or Profit

BY R. H. HAINES.

Paper. 34 pp.. 8vo, price 30 cents; mailed post-paid on receipt
of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. PULLER.

Giving Description, History, Cultivation, Propagation, Dis-
eases. iSlC.

Beautifully Illustrated.

27*> pages, 12mo. cloth. Price Sl.50. Sent by mail, post-paid
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Aft of Grafting aoi Budding

By CHARLES BALTET,
Appropriately and fully illustrated by 186 cuts, showing
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ble. Price $1.25 mailed, po.stage free. Address.

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AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

By George HuSMANN, Professor of Horticulture in University ol
Missouri .with contributions from well-known Grape Growers, giving

A TFIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE.

Illustrated, 12mo, 213 pp., cloth; price, $1.50. Mailed post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

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R14('>>estnut Street PtilladelphlB

Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By Benj. S. Williams, F. K. H. S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
varieties. Instructionsfor theircidtivation and mode of manage-
ment. Illustrated with colored frontispiece and numerous
splendid dlustrations. 686 pagea, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth. Price
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MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPROVEMENT,

BY WM. ROBINSON.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages, ciolh. Price, 76 cents
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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

23

HOW TO PROPAGATE

GROW^FRUIT

BY CHAS. A. GKEEN.

64 pages. Octovo. Illustrated with 2 colored plates and
ver fifty engrartngs. Prlce.paper, 50 cts., prepaid by mail.
CHAS. H. M.\ROT, 814 Chestnut St., Pliila.

over

HOW TO READ

AND HINTS IN CHOOSINQ THE BEST BOOKS.

With a classified list of work of Biography, History, Criticism
Fine Arts, Fiction, Poetry, Religion, Science, Language, etc. By
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post-paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhiU.

HOW TO RAISE FRUIT

By THOMAS GREGG.

A Hand-book of Fruit Culture, being a Guide to the proper Cul-
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Fruits. 184 pages, i2mo, cloth, fully illustrated. Price, Ji.oo. Sent
by mail post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowhrs in the Gardhn and the Housb; giving
directions sAori. shar^ an^ i^eczsive how to overcome every insect
enemy that infects flowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors,
which troubles window Gardens; which eats up the vegetables ot
the garden; which devours the fruit trees, shrubs and vines, and
lives in the homes of anxious, tired housekeepers. Paper, 100 pages.
Price, 30 cents, postage free.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Street.Philadelphia.

HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa Gray, M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structural Botany, with a Popular
Flora, or an arrangement and description of Common Plantg.
both wild and cultivated. Illustrated with 500 wood engravings.
2:B pages, large 16uio, half-arabesque, paper sides. Price $1.26.
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Address CHAS. H. MAEOT,

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HOW TO PAINT.

By a Practical Painter ; for the use of Tradesmen,
Mechanics, Merchants, Fanners, and as a Guide to Pro-
fessional Painters. Methods in Plain and Fancy PamtinK
of every descriiition ; Formulas for Mixine Paint in Oil or
Water, Tools, etc. This Book makes "every man his onm
paitUer.'^

Full Directions for Using White Lead, Lainp-Bl.ack,
Green, Yellow, Brown, Whiting, Glue, Pumice Stone,
Spirits of Turpentine, Oils, Varnishes, Kurniture Varnish,
Milk Paint, Preparing Kalsominc, etc. Paint for Outbullil-
ings- Whitewash, Pa.ste for Pa]HM.Han!;iiur, IlauginK I'aper,
Urainiug in Oak, Maple, Roscwo."!, HlacU W:ilmit,Stainjiig,
Decalcomania, Making Kiistic I'iiturcs, I'aiiiiing Flower-
Stands, Rosewood Polish, Varnishing Furniture, Waxing
Furniture, Cleaning Paint, Paint for Farming Tools,
.Macliinerv, Household Fixtures, etc. To Paint Farm
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CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila., Pa.

HOW TO HUNT AND TRAP.

By |. B. Batty, Hunter and Taxidermist.

Coniainingfullinstructioiisfor hunting the Buffalo, Elk, Moosf*
Deei, Antelope, Bear, Fox, arouse, Quail, Geese, Ducks, Woou"
cock. Snipe, etc., etc. Also, the localities where game abounds.
In trapping, tells you all about steel traps; how to make home-
made traps, and how to trap the Bear. Wolf, Wolverine, Fox, Lynx,
Badger, Otter, Beaver, Fisher, Martin, Mink, etc.. Birds of Prey
poisoning carnivorous animals, with full directions for preparing
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CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

HOW THE FARM PAYS.

The Experiences of W pears of Successful Farming and
Gardening, by Vie authors

WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

Profusely Illustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
Price prepaid, by mail J2.60. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

FARM HOMES.

IN-DOORS AND OUT-DOORS.

By E. H. Leland.
Illustrated, 204 pages, cloth, price 81.50; mailed, post-paid on re-
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CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut 8t„ Phila

Subtropical Garden;

Or, Beauty of Form In the Flower Garden.

By W. Robinson. F. L. S.
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Mailed, postage free, on receipt of Price
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO LAY OUT A GARDEN.

By Edward Kemp.

A general guide in Choosing, Forming and Improving an Es-
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814 Chestnut St., PhiU.

HOW TO MANAGE BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS.

By Edmund Wkigley.
Being a Director's Guide and Secretary's Assistant, with forms
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

MUSHROOMS

For the MILLION, a Practical Ireatise on the cultivation
of the MOSl PROFITABLE out-door crop known.

BY JOHN WRIGHT.

Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. 104 pages. Price, 50 cents, by
maU Post-^g^g jj MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PfflTWOfTHE \m

By MaxweU T. Masters, M.D., F.RS. Plant nutritioii;
The Work and the Materials ; The Machinery ; Orowth
Sensitiveness ; Development ; Multiplication ; The Battle of
Life ; Practical Inferences ; Decay and Death. 12 mo, cloth,
132 pages. Mailed, post-paid, $1.00.

CHAS. H. JIAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

24

tHE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Index to Advertisements. I M O t \A/ ^tp>r Rr^lll^r

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Send orders earhj as possible. Changes of copy raust be in
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must be in by 16th. For Advertisinjc Rates see 2d cover page.

Benz Albert, Douglaston, N. Y Fly-leat page 2

Blanc A., Philadelphia {,

Boehmer Louis, Yokohama, Japan 0

Carmody J. D., Evansville, Tnd 12

Casper L. A., Council Bluffs, Iowa 24

Co wen N. & Son, New York 24

Cranston's Nursery and Seed Co., King's Acre, Eng \':\

Crawford W. J., Syracuse, N. Y 11

t.'rown Manufacturing Cc>., Cincinnati, O ...-. 24

DayboffJ. W., IIa!j;crst<nvii, Md 11

Dillon J. ij., Blonui^liurfj:. Ta l;i

Eastern Manul;u-turin;; < '(»., Philadelphia \\

Elhott Benj. A., Pittsburgh. Pa 4

Exeter Machine Works. Boston, Mass 4th cover page

Kergusson Oavid & Sons. Philadelphia 15

Hallock V. H., Son AThorpe, Queens, N. Y 12

Heins J., Halstenhek, Cterniauy 2H

Henderson Peter &. Co., New York 3

Hitchings ACo., New York 5

Jenkins J., Winona, Ohio 6

Krayer J. E., Mar pie, Pa ,24

Kreiage E. H. ^- Son, Haarlem, Holland 17

Landreth L>. & Sons, Ptiiladelphia Fly-leaf page 2

Magill James, Philadcliihia 11

Marschuetz & Bacharach, Philadelphia 4

McAllister F. E., New York 24

Meehan Thomas, Germantown, Phila 4,11, Iti

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass 11

Nielson Hans, St. Jo-*eph, Mo 24

Parry Wm., Parry, N. J 6

Parsons & Sons Co. Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Plenty Jos., New York and Phila Fly-leaf page 2

Raoux C. New York t;

Rendle Arthur E., New York Fly-leaf page 1

Kolker August & Sons, New York 3. s

Saul John, Washins^ton, D. C 11

Schultheis Bros., New York 0

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Smith David, Boston, Mass 7

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Straiton & Storm, New York 1.5

Studer Nicholas, Washington, D. C 14

Swain R. A., Philadelphia (i

Taber W. B. A W. M., Ifctroit, Mich .'.... l;i

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True A Co., Augusta, Maine i;

Van Geert A., Ghent, Belgium H>

Vanhome, Gritfen A Co., New York Fly-leaf page 2

Vaughan J. C, Chicago, JU Fly-leaf page 2

Wallem A Son, Ledeburg, Belgium l;{

Weathered Thomas W., New York 10

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Wilev, H. S., Cavuga, N. Y 17

WilksS., Chicago, Ills S

Young Thomas, Jr., New York 1], 19

SITUATIONS WANTED,

Advertisements under this head must be paid for in advance, witn
the order, at rate of $i.oo for each 36 words per insertion.

BY a gardener, acquainted with g;rowing Orchids, Tropical
Plants, Hot and cold Graperies, Ac. Can take entire
charge of lady's or gentleman's place. Address, Thos. Oliver,
ION. 12rh St., Pliila.

By Florist and Gardener,
single, American. Comnier
rial or first-class private
l>Iace. Has at present and
last 4 years charge ol plarc over "(HXJ ft. glass. Understand.'!
growing and care of greenhouse and bedding jilants an<i
forcing cut rtoweis tor winter. RetcrtMire present empb)Vrr
as to ability and character. J. E. KRAYER, Marple. Del.Co..Pa.

A GARDENER OF ACKNOWLEDGED ABILITY in iv. ly dc pai t
nuMii III lii^ lUiiti-Miioii, .--uiilliil [11 oiKi^^ator and tunt-r
of liowt.-rs for winter cut I m^ and \ egetablcs and fruits under
glass. Seeks a responsible position with Hrst-olass commer-
cial establishment. Address, Horticobij care of Sam'l Feast
A Sons, Florists, r>)! N. ('harles St., Baltuuore. Md. au2

\A/AIMT*PD ^ first-class florist, who understands the
vvnil I ^U commercial business. Large place, as fore
man. Good references remiired. Permanent situation. No
quack need apply. L. A. cahpkk, Council Bluffs, Iowa.

PflR QAI P ^"- ^^ Branche's Sectional Patent

Atldress

Boilers, capacity 1000 ft. of 4-in. pipe,
as good as new, for sale cheap.

HANS NIELSON, Florist,

ST. JOSEPH. MO.

F. E. MCALLISTER,

Seed Merchant and Importer,

No, 22 Dey St, Bet. Broadway and Clinrcli St..

READY FOR DELIVERY—

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.
LILIUM LONGIFLORUM HARRISII.

READY FOR DELIVERY SEPTEMBER 1st-

A Limited Stock of Home Grown Lilium

Longiflorum. Pru-es nn application.

w

ANTFn ^'*^''"^'* AND GENTLEMEN who

\ *-"^'sh to make »S to #4 a day easily at theit
own homes. Work ■5enl U- mail. No canvassing- Address
with stamp Crown MT'^r. Co., 294 Vine St., Cin'ti.O.

Wheat Culture;

How to Double the Yield and Increase the Profits.
ByD. S. CURTISS.
72 pages, illustrated. Price 50 cents, mailed, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

London Gardener's Chronicie

Will be furnished, post-paij, direct to subscribers in the U.S. for
#6.30 per year. Apply to

CHAS. H. MAROT. Agent. 8w Chestnut St.. Phila.

YOUR PLANTS

BY JAME.S SUEKHAN.

PLAIN and PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS for the TREAT-
MENT ot TENDER and HARDY PLANTS in the

HOXTSS AND GA.-R.TfB.Jit.

121110, paper, 79 pages. Price, mailed, post-paid, 40 cents.
Address, CHA8. H. MAROT,

8H Chostnut Street, Phila.

THE BLESSED BEES.

BY JOHN ALLKN.

A record of a year's work in Bee-keeping by modern metbods
Its profilscertain and large, and Us nleasures Invaluable. In-
tended to diffuse a more general knowledge of Bee-culture.
169 pages, 12 mo. cloth, limp. Price, SI- Mailed postage free,
on receiptor price. Address, I HAS. H. MAROT,

814 ChestuutStreet. Philadelphia.

/'^SrORE BUYING GLASS.-- ESTIMATES

g-MHOAM3N *'^S TVNVO ^,05 2

& HOS ^ K3.IA.OO \H w

M •Bojca isoAioi IB 'sasodjnd jaT^^o uu pnc H

t 'saaa-iOH 'sasnoH-ioii 'saiaadv^s h
s 'saiHOiVAHssNoo 'sasnoimaaao 2

Every Womanj Essay on Roses.

HER OWN FLOWER GARDENER.

BY DAISY KYF.UKIGIIT.

Ulustrateil. H8 pages, small 8vo, clotb. Price, $1.00 ; by
mail post-pakl.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

[One-fourth full size.]

TH£ MINERAL INKSTAND.

Composed of twenty ilillereut minerals, petrifactions, crys-
tals, fossils, and gems of the gi'eat Rooky Mountain regions
of Wyoming, Colorado and other parts of tlie Far West,
comprising gold, silver, copper and iron ores, agates, ame-
thysts, topazes and other precious stones, of rainbow hues.
The natural and brilliant tints of the various specimens
make it a cabinet of rare beauty. It combines instruntion
with utility, and is an epitome of the mineral wealth of the
"Rockies.*' A splendid ornament for the desk, shelf or
table, or a novel and lasting gift to a friend. Sent, post-paid
for &2.50 on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

WORKING MAN'S WAY TO WEALTH.

By Edmund Wrigley.

A prictical treatise on Building Associations y 'what they are, and
howto use them, io8 pages, i6mo, cloth. Price, 75 cents. Sent
by mail post-paid on receipt ol" price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

S14 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

BY MRS. M. I). WELLCOME.

Paper, pp. 24. Illustrated. Price, 15 cents.

Mrs. WellCDme writes with enthusiasm, and from a
thorough knowledge, and a considerable e.xperience. All
lovers of roses and all amateur horticulturists will find the
little monograph intciesting and suggestive."— Bosfwt
.louTixal.

Sent by mail, jiostpain, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

liei^

BY JAMES VEITCH.

Embracing: Part I.— General Review of the Order.

Part 11. — Synopsis of Genera, Sprcies and Varieties.

Part III.— the Pl'Wling of Coniferce.

This work has received the high enconiumsof the English
and French Horticultural papers, and the Gakdeneks*
Monthly, as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scien-
tific, and indispensable to those having an intelligent interest
in Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete
without it.

With numerous woodcut plates and letter press illustra-
tions. 34U pp., 8vo, neatly bound in cloth. Price, 83.00,
mailed, postage free. Address.
CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent for U.S., 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSES AND ROSE CULTURE.

By Wm. Paul. F.R.H.S.
The rationale of Rose cultivation in a nut-shell. Intended to
place within a small compass all that is necessary for the successful
cultivation of the " Queen of Flowers." 83 pages, i2mo, paper-
boards. Price, 60 cents. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphisi.

ftersal Merest Tals

At 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 per cent, computed by

George William Jones

of Cornell University, and guaranteed correct. Pp. 120,

16 mo, cloth, limp. Price, 50 cents. Mailed post-paid.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND HORTICULTURIST

-^-For 1885-^—

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, - - S2.00 PER YEAR.

SMBSiBRIBERS

are requested to send at least one NEW name with their own, if possiiMv,
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TWO NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS at S3.00. FIVE at S7.00.

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All subscribers, at whatever rate, are invited to take advantage of our list of CI,UB PAPERS. See advertisement.

CAMPi C PnPIPQ Or Extra Copies of anv issue of the Gardenee.s' Monthly should be ordered as early
OMIIirL.t UUriE^O as possible, as a LIMITED EDITION ONLY IS ISSUED over and above the quantity
required for regular subscription list. Price, 18 cents eacb, or Five for 60 cents. Casb tvith the Order.

If larger quantities are wanted of any coming issue, order should be in hand by 16th of previous month, so that we
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Wlien editions are exhausted, the series is broken, as we do not reprint.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

Greenhouse Heating a Specialty.

Hot Water Heating, Steam heating, and the combination of Steam and Water.

FmUkiismpnilosisDecoralioi),

Together with General laformatton for Sportsmen.

By JOSEPH H. BATTY,

Taxidermist for the Htyden Expedition and other Government
Surveys, and many of the leading Colleges and Museums of the
United States. Author of " How to Hunt and Trap," etc. 125
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receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT 8i4ChestnutSt., PhiU

BY. K. WARINGTON, F. O. S.

A moat valuable Work, which should be in the Hands of
Farmers, Gardeners and Tillers of the soil generally. It
presents the relations of Chemistry to Agriculture in amos.
popular manner. 12mo, cloth. Price, post-paid, 81.00.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street. Phlla.

Red Flowering Dogwood

AND OTHER NOVELTIES.
Kissena Nurseries.

Trees and Plants.
Parsons&SonsCo.,

Flushing, N. Y.

ftf

GARDEN

AND

FARM

TOPICS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

Embraces within its scope the following subjects ; Popu-
lar Kulbs and their culture.— Window Gardeiiin":, and Car©
of Plants in Rooms.— Propagation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
ing in Winter. — Greenhouse Structures, and Modes of Heat-
ing.— Formation and Renovation of I^awns. — Onion (irow-
ing,— How to Raise Cabbage and Cauliflower. — On the Grow-
ing and Preserving of Celery.— The New Celery^ " White
Plume."— Strawberry Culture.— Root Crops for Farm Stock.
—Culture of Alfalfaor Lucerne — Manures and their Modes
of Application.— Market Gardening around New York. —
The Use of the Feet in Sowing and Planting.— Popular
Errors and Scientific Dogmas in Horticulture. — Humbugs
in Horticulture.— Draining. Cloth, 12 mo, 244 pages, price
81.50; by mai', post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

FARMING

WITH

ON PLUMCROVE FARM,

BY C. HAKLAN, M.D.

269 pages, 12ino, cloth. PrtceSl.OO, mailed » post-paid, on receipt
oj^ price. Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phils.

The Floral Kingdom

Its History. A Dictionary of more than 800 Flowers, with
tlio (Jencra anil Family to which they lielon;; and the
liaiif^uage of each. Illustrated by appropriate <4emft of
Poet ly and a particular Treatise on the Cnltivation and
Analysis of Plants. 450 papes, on heavy tinted hijrhly cal-
endered paper, and red line border willi ornamental cor-
ners, splendidly hound hivclid bo.ards, full gdt. A beauti-
ful present. Price, Hi.M \>\ mnil, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. 11. MAHOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

EDITED BY THOMAS MEEHAN.

Vol. XXVll. No. 321

(Combiued Magazines, Fortieth Year.)

SEPrEMBER, 1885.

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

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[Entered at the Post Office, at Pliiladelphia, Fa., as second-class matter.

— <^^>

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

It Is published on the first of every month at the office, No. 814 CHESTNUT STREET,
PHIL.ADELPHIA, where all BUSINESS relating to subscription or advertising should be addressed.

S?" Communications, Copy and Packages for the Editor should be addressed to THOMAS
MEEHAN, GEEMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, POSTAGE PAID, $2.00.

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iiticu til tlKit elfect,.

ADVERTISING RATES IN THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY:

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One Insertion S^S.OO S4.00 $.5.50 S7.00 $10. 00 $18.00 S35.00

Two times, eacll 2.90 3.90 5.00 G.80 9.00 17.00 33.00

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Eight " " 3.05 3.75 3.46 4.80 6.15 10.95 20.50

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CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Phitedelphia,

SEASONABLE HINTS :

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

Greenhouse and House Gardening

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening

CONTENTS OF THE SEPTEMBER NUMBER.

American Pomological Society. .

COMMUNICATIONS :

Note on Azalea mollis, and Rhododendrons

Destruction of Trees by (Joal Gas

The Umbrella China Tree

Cactuses

Culture of the Cacti

Verbena Culture

Steam Heating a Success

Cabbage Maggot

Strawberries in Florida

A Dry Autumn and Strawberries

The Cabbage Worm

A Cheap Tree Digger

Denuded Norway Spruces

The Rose— Its Place in Antiquity among Flowers...

Effect of Drouth on Plants

Wild Flowers of Rochester, N. Y., as Compared

with California

Our Lady's Garden

Goober arid Pindar

Where Klorists should Locate

Dutch Prizes for American Exhibitions

International Exjiosition at Antwerp, Belgium

The Cactuses at New Orleans

EDITORIAL NOTES :

Forest Fires of 188.')— The Age of Yew Trees-
Plantation of II. G. Russell, of East Greenwich,

Rhode Island

The Curl in the Peach

Lawson or Comet Pear — History of the Leconte
Pear — Downing's Fruits and Fruit.trees of Am-
erica— Hard-working Editors — Prof. J. G. Lem-
mon — Mr. Edgar SantUrrs — Andrew McNair
Dryburgh — Charles Wright — The Elm Leaf
Beetle — American Fruit Culturist — Trans-
actions of the Ma,sHachusetts Horticultural So-
ciety-Report of Prof. J. C. Arthur, Botanist to
the New York Agricultural Station, 18SI— The
American Florists

288

2.57
2(i3
2S9

25.S
2i9
260
264 1

2iia

2()B
287
2711
271
271
272
272
27B
276
277

278
2^:0
281
282
28(i
287
287

27.'>-27fi
278-270

NEW OR R.\RE PLANTS:

Cvpripedium oenanlhum superbum— Rose, " Her
Majesty" 209

NEW OR RARE FRUITS:

Elberta Peach— The Jewell Strawberry 272-27a

SCRAPS AND QUERIES :

Magnolia cordata— Lawn Grass — X White-leaved
Honey Locust — Trees lor Public Scjuares — Wear-
ing Out of the Suspension Holes in /inc Labels
—Grass for a Lawn — Hardy Cacti— Dahlia Stem
Borer— Destroying Chickory and Similar Weeds
—Improved Hepaticas— Treatment of Rhododen-
drons—Hall's Japan Honeysuckle— Injury by the

Seventeen-Year Locust 260-26S

Linseed Oil and Sulphur as a Cure for Rose .Mil-
dew— Flowering of the Night-blooming Cereus —

Begonia Feastii 207-209

Black Knot— Quicksilver for the Phylloxera — To
Keep Zinc Labels from Wearing — Forcmg .Straw-
berries— Figs for Drying— R. E. Lee Peach — The
Springfield Black Cap Raspberry — The English

Ciooseberry 273-275-

Variations among Plants— Odor in Cereus grandi-
llorus— Tobacco Changing to Petunias— Fertile

.lapan Yam 279-280'

Maurandya Barclayana— Lily of the Valley— Old

Olive Groves in Florida— Queer Names 286

FLOWER GARDEN 4 PLEASURE GROUND. 257-263

GREENHOUSE AND HOUSE GARDENING 203-209

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDENING 269-278

FORESTRY 27^-270

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE 27&-280'

LITERATURE, TRAVELS 4 PERSONAL NOTES 280-280
232-280 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES 288-288.

Fly-leaf.]

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

DaflFodils,
Roman Hyacinths,
Lilium Harrisii,
Lilium Candidum,
Lilium Auratum,
Lily of the Valley Pips,
Dutch Hyacinths,
Tulips,

In large varieties, expressly for Florists' Use.

J. M. THORBURN & GO.

Prices to the trade upuu application to

U12

15 John Street,

New York.

Conservatories, Greenhouses, Graperies,

4c., ERECTED IN ANY PART OF THE UNION. GLAZED ON

Rendle's Patent Acme System

WITHOUT PUTTY.

HnirniULTl K AJ II M \

EREUTEU AND GLAZED B\ AKilll j.^ L^ ..LMiLL UI M^\S "luKK

Gold and Silver Medals were awarded to two model Conservatories, each 16x20, '
Exhibited at the World's Exposition, New Orleans.

Estimates, Plans, Illustrated Catalogues, on application to au6

ARTHUR E. REMDIaZ:,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDER AND HOT WATER ENGINEER,

2 WALL STREET, NEW YORK.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

[Fly-leaf.

Landreths' Seeds are The Best!

J#DEt4SEfK

NORTH, SOUTH, £AST or WEST !

EVERYTHING OF THE BEST. SEEDS AND IMPLEMENTS
for Farm, Garden or Country Seat. Send tor Landreths' Rural
Register Almanac. Deserintive Catalogues FREE. Over 1 500 Acres
under cultivation growing Landreths' Garden Seeds. Founded 1784,

D. LANDRETH & SONS,

Nog. 21 J^ 23 South Sixth St., and Delaware Ave. and Arch 9t;
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

FORCING ^

♦f BULBS

Dutch,

French,

German.

ARE NOW IN STORE.

Vaughan's Antnmn Oatalogne is the handsomest out. Write for it and get special rates for lots

J. C. VAUGHAN, CHICAGO.

JOS. PLENTY,

HORTICULTURAL ARCHITECT and BUILDER

Contracts taken for all kinds of Greenhouses, Conservatohies, 1'lanthouses or Vinekiks of Improved
Construction, to he erected complete in all i)arts of the Uniteil States or Canada. Portable Conservatorle. a
Bpecialty. Prices from S225.00, ea<^li securely paclced and shipped f. o. b. to any partof the Union. Send for illustrated
circular. Correspondence soliiitcd from all parties desirous of information or about to build. Architect's designs carried
out with creat care. OFFrcRS: 144 Pearl Street, New York : 6 South MLerrIck Street, PUlladelphla. Jel2

For GREENHOUSES, GRAPERIES, CONSERVATORIES,
HOT HOUSES AND HOT BEDS.

VANHORNE, GRIFFEN & CO.,

IMPORTERS OF FRENCH WINDOW GLASS. ALSO AMERICAN WINDOW GLASS, u.it
131, 133, 135 & 137 Franklin St., New York City.

Eorti:ultiiral Director; o! tlis Ilnitd Statss.

NOW READY FOR DELIVERY.

SOLD ONLY BY SVTBSCRIPTION.

Price 96.00 per Interleaved Copy, by mall post-paid.

SUPPLEMENT A.— A separate work, with Nurserymen,
Seedsmen, Florists and Fruit Growers of EiigUand, Ireland,
Scotland, Wales and Channel Islands. If taken with the
Horticultural Directory, 81.00 additional per copy. If with-
out it, $1 .">0 per copy.

SU PPLEM EN'l B.— Also a separate work, of Nurserymen,
Seedsmen and Florists of Austria, Bavaria, Belgium, Den-
mark, France, Oermjiny, Holland, Hung.ary, Italy, Poland,
Russia, Saxony, .Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, wurtem-
berg, Brazil, India, Japan, .\ustralia. New Zealand and
South Alri( a. Price, if taken with Horticultur.il Directory,
81.00 additional. If separate, $1..'». The ;) to(;etlier for 8S.50.
Address, CHAS. H. MAKOT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

SCOTT'S

S

CURRENT EDITION.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
Tree Dealers, dtc, for the United States. Alphabetically
arranged hy States and Post Oflices. 372 pages, 8 vo. Price,
810.00. Mailed post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

Grand Collection of all the Best Varielles, embradnp the latest Novelties, .Separate and in Mixture. Strictly First
class Seed only. Send for New Seed Price List, issued AUGUST 1st. [sU] ALBERT BENZ, DOUSLASTON, "N. Y.

««- SEE FIRST PAGE FACING COVER.-e»

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER,

OUR PRICE LIST

OP

Celery, Cabbage, Cauliflower

AND

^RowN Strawberry Plants

For July and August Planting,

WILL BE MAILED 0.^ APPLICATION.

PETER HENDERSON&CO.

35 & 37 Cortlandt Street,

NEW YORK.

August R6lker:^Sons

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

Seeds, Bulbs i#^ Florists' Supplies.

Price Lists mailed free to the trade on application, when business card is enclosed.

WAREHOUSES at No. 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK.

For Letters, Address P. O. BOX 899.

..^^,. FIR TREE OIL

y}\<<^ DuBuauE, Iowa, May 13tli, 1885.

O, Messes. Aug. R6lkeb & Sons, N. Y.:

"3 Dear Sirs-I have some fir Tree Oil yet, but wiU need more after awhile ; wa

n have almost annihilated "Mealy Bug" here, our greatest pest, generally. I dilute

,=; one part in fifteen hot water and it combines at once and is certain death to the Dug.

'ir I find it good for cleansing foliage as well as an Insecticide. „, . „ „ ™™.

. " Yours, " ■ "" -tLABKKTT,

To be bought through any respectable Seed House in the larger towns.

In pint bottle* at 75 cts ; In hall pints at 60 els. Smaller bottles, 25 els. each.

For larger quantities address,

AUGUST ROLKER 6l SONS,

The Sole Agents lor America. P. O. Box 899, or 44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

SURPLUS STOCK

lOO PERLES 4-lN. POTS

200 CORNELIA COOK 4 "

lOO " " 5 "

100 BON SILENE 4

100 " *• 5 "

lOO " " 6 "

150 NIPHETOS 3-IN. POTS

300 " 5 "

200CATHERINEMERMETS 3
300 " " 4 "

200 " " 5 "

SCO SOUVENIR D'UN AMI 4 "

too " " " 6 "

AU the above Roses are extra strong and in splendid condition, being grown especially for Winter flowering.

500 ASPARAGUS TENUSISSIMUS 3-IN. POTS

200 " " 6

300 AOIANTUM CUNEATUM 6 "

lOOO VIOLETS MARIE LOUISE «- WRITE FOR PRICES. ■%»

Koman Hyacinths, Candidinn Lily and Paper Wliite Narcissus ready September 1st. Lily of the Valley in

November. Prices very low,

" U/ll I I AM PRANPIQ RPNNFTT " I ^ii-ye obtained from Mr. Evans tbe exclusive agency for the
""-l-"*"' rilMllWIO Dbllllb I I. sale of this celebrated Rose in Western Pennsylvania. Circulars
and price list on application. I will deliver the Roses in Pittsburgli and vicinity free of express charges. Before order-
ing Bennetts it will pay to correspond with me. I have the finest and healthiest stock of this Rose in the country.

AMPRIfAN RFAIITV New Forcing Rose. This superb Rose is comparatively unknown, as the intro-
nnicniunll Otnu l • j ducers have not advertised it at all, but in the opinion of the best Rose growers it
is equally as valual)lc as the celebrated "Bennett" though not conflicting with it in any way, being entirely distinct in
color ana shape. The *'Amerioan Beauty" is somewhat like "Countess of Oxford" in shape of flowerj but larger, and
has the true Hybrid fragrance. The color is a deep glowing carmine, and it is wonderfully free flowernig— every shoot
producing a bud. For Winter flowering it will be very profitable for years to come, as its splendid flowers will always com-
mand high prices. All the principal rose growers have already purchased it largely. SI. 25 each, IftlJJ ^ doz., 875 ^ 100.

BENJ. A. ELLIOTT, 54 Sixth St, Pittsburgh, Pa.

MARSCHUETZ 6l BACHARACH,

25 NORTH FOURTri STRtET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.,

IMPORTERS OF AND WHOLESALE DE.\LER.S IN

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

Bouquet Papers (Italians), Pasted Cartons,

Immortelles, Dried Grasses and Flowers,

Ornamental Crass Bouquets, Mosses,
Wire Desisns, Tin Foil,

Swiss Moss and Fancy Baskets.

-MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF BASKETS FOR FLORISTS—

Illustrated Catalogue free on application. Orders will receive careful attention and prompt shipment. apl2

FRUTrSEEDS AND STOCKS

MAZZARD and MAHALEB CHERRY, MYROBOLAN and HORSE PLUM, FRENCH CRAB, PEAR,
APPLE, and other seeds ; also a full line of FRUIT STOCKS,

The good quality of what we sell is well known to our customers. We solicit inquiries from
those wanting seeds or stocks.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES,

GERMANTOWN, PHILA., PA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse ff eating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

Bate-BurnIng Water Heater
Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLBBCKER STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.
Five sizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

Ai.SO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS,

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

SASH-RAISING APPARATUS,

Lifting-Rods fo[ Sashes,

£tc., £tc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Cata-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877. logue, with Refepences and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

ROSES
ROSES

SPECIAL OFFER ol Hne THREE YEAR OLD BUSHES, fit for forcing, or Market

Sules for the Trade. Grown for one year in this country ; extra size plants.
Time of delivery, on and after Firsf'o! October. Received FOUR FIRST PRE-
MIUMS at CLINTON HALL FOR CUT KLin\KKS OF THEM, ALL BUDDED,

ROSES
ROSES

Per llX)

Old Cabbage, rose color, very large 8 9 00

Moss Ceiitifolie, soft rose, extra well mossed 9 00

Imperatrioe Eugenie, silvery rose, extra 11 00

Gloire de Dijon, yellow witli orange 12 00

Marie Van Hovitte, yellow with pink 12 00

Mme. Lombard, bright red with salmon 12 00

Nipbetos, 4-inoh p(»ts, pure white 12 00

Mareschal Niel, golden yellow 12 00

Mrs. Bosannuet, flesh color 10 00

Souv. de la Malraaison, white centre, blush, H. P 10 00

Anna AlexielT, fresh salmon, forcing 10 00

Anna de Diesbach, fresh rose, " 10 00

Baroness Rothschild, delicate salmon, forcing 10 00

Captaine Christy, fle;>h color, extra 10 00

Comtesse Oxford. bri<jht carmine, forcing 10 00

Crimson Bedder, brilliant crimson 10 00

Duchesse de Vallombrosa, blush, s. flesh 10 00

Eliese Boelle. i>ure white, very double 10 00

Emperor du Maroc, red, shaded velvety black 10 00

General Jaqueniinot, velvety red 10 00

Fisher Holmes, brUliant scarlet 10 00

Jean Kosekranz. coral red, extra 10 00

John Hopper, silvery rose 10 00

Jules Margottin. cherry red 10 iifl

tjll2

1 Per 100

I La France, soft silvery rose $10 00

! La Reine, dark rose, very large 10 00

I Mabel Morrison, pure whit^ 10 00

j Mme. Gabr. Luizet, satin rose 10 00

1 Mme. Lacbarme, pure white 10 00

j Mme. Marie Finger, bright flesh color 10 00

! Mme. Victor Verdier, carmine red 10 00

. Mdlle. Annie Wood, bright red, extra 10 00

' Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier, satin rose and salmon 10 00

' Magna Charta, bright carmine rose 10 00

, Pierre Notting, dark chestnut brown 10 00

Prince Camiile de Rohan, dark velvety carmine, al-
most black, extra 10 00

I Senator Vaisse, red, shaded velvety 10 00

I Paul Neron, deep rose, best out-doors 10 00

I Xavier Olibo, dark velvety crimson. NEW 10 00

Mme. Montet, H. P., delicate rose with lavender 10 00

Merveille de Lyon H. P., pure white ; the best white

i rose irt and out doors 18 00

I Etode de Lyon, Tea, sulphur yellow, extra 12 00

: Gloire Lyonnaise, H. P., pure yellow 20 00

Standard Tree Roses, from 1 to 3 ft. high, extra plants. 35 00
Extra size Marnshal Niels. 3 to 5 ft. hu!:h. SI.50 each, Sir) f» 12
All the Roses Offered are Extra Fine for Flonerlng Out-doors.

P, O. Box 78.

COLLEGE POINT, LONG ISLAND, N. Y.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

Established in 1857,

NO.

236 I*EAM- STREET.

New York City.

P. O. Box 2956.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES :
C. G. VAN TUBERGEN. Jr., Seedsman ami Florist, -----
JOtIN STEWART & SONS, Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,

LEVA VASSEUR & FILS, Nurserymeuaiul Florists, Ussy, F

Haarlem, HoUaud.
Dundee, Scotland,

ranee,

Ussy, France.
Ussy, France.
Grisy-Suisnes, France.

LENAULT HUET, Nurseryman anrl Florist,

FIERRE SEBIRE. Nurseryman and Florist,

COCHET-AUlilN & FILS. Rose Growers,

EUGENE VERDIER FILS AINE, Florist ; New Gladioluses, Roses, Paeonias, etc., a specialty, Paris, F'rance.

V. LEMOINE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, --..-. Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBUFa, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulhs and Immortelles, - - - Ollioules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips. Hamburg, Germany.

And mauy other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists.
whose Catalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. ial2

PHILADELPHIA.

KNGRAVER FOR FLORISTS.

StED^MLNANDNCRSERlBIEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
i-heap. Send 26c. for larfce illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete ^vith me iu prices
for New work. ftf

l838-I*A-itR."Sr HTIlAWBERRY-1885

has again surpassed all othors, over .50 best varieties, at
P01M0N.A. NURSERIES,

And received three more kibht pkemiums and two more
SPECIAL AWAKIJ8 at Moorestown, Vinchtnd au<l N. York
Strawberry Shuws. Also the fikst premium and swEEr-
BTAKfi PRIZE over all other new varieties at Provideuce,
R. I. Send for testimony from various .States. Pot grown
PLANTS NOW READY. Lawsou and Kieffer Pears, Wilson
Jr. Blackberry, Grapes. Ac. Catalogue free.
au2 WM. FARRY, Parry, N. Jersey.

OBIENTlL PEARS!

Si..M-i:,iiir^. LeConte -"i.i Kieffer
rr,u^.M,tiirir'i.uiirn.,i.; Bartlettimd

i.lllri- pr;i|w ,,ii I,cl'.)Ilh' loc.ts ; Pecn

To "I'l Honey I'-m.Ii.s : Russian
Apricots 11 iiiiiii ; Peaches •">

lilniii aii.l Ii'-lril RuSSlan ApplCS-

(■.■ital.itril'-, with I'arl.-,, U-n: A laivaiid

uni.Tal afHsi.iitiu'Mi. ..r Fruit Trees.

A.ldiHHH W. F. HEIKE5, Man-.^TLT.
IluntitilllvNuriifrk't, H untSVille* Ala.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plautations, Young Evergreens, Slocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free

J. JENKINS.

Grapeand Seedling Nun-ery,

'°hi2 Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

Hlouis BOEHMER,

EXPORTER OF

Japanese Plants, Bnllis, Seeds, k.

MOS. 4. 5

Prices on uppljcatioii.

<Sc 28 BI.X7FF,

[112] YOKOHAMA. JAPAN.

600 ACRES.

13 GREENHOUSES.

TREES^PLANTS

We offei- for tlH! Full Trado n, lartrc and flnn ntock of
every doscrlptioii or Pruit and OrnaniL'ntHlTn'OM,Slirub»,
Rosea. Vines. Smnll Fruits. Hodpe T'lanls, Fruit Tree
Soedlintrs iin.l Fonst Tn-i; Seedlinir-*. iTi.-.^l Oala-
loguc, Fall issfi. niail.-d fr.-o on applietitinn. Address

i» BLOOMINGTON (PHOENIX) NURSERY, ,
t!:sTjU)Usu£D ISJji!. BLOOMINGTON, ILL

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878,

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Graperies, Conservatories, Propagating Houses, For-

cing Pits, Public and Private Buihlings, Schools, Drying

Jtoonis, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

DJ^VID SIVEITZI,

inyl2

BOSTOir, -BiLA^SS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

yyiLKS' CIRCULATING STnVF.

:E m

3= r-t-

jz. O

DO

■a

(t> O

CO y>

p ?
I

H

c
cr

CO

= o

5"

I

Send for Price List.

Manufactured by S. WILKS,

S. W. Cor. Monroe and Clinton Sts., CHICAGO, ILL.

THE TRADE

■will find the largest and beat
assoned stock of all kinds of

THE TRADE

FLOEISTS' EEQUISITES

Such as Bouquet Papers, Immortelles, Everlastings, Moss, Milkweed Balls, Pampas
Plumes and other Ornamental Grasses, Wire Designs for Cut Flowers, Baskets, plain
and fancy, etc., also a full line of choicest Florists' Seeds and Forcing Bulbs, all at
reasonable prices, at ut

Address P. O. Box 899.

44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES

SMALL FRUITS, BULBS, SHRUBS & ROSES

SPIXIAl. ATTKNTION IS CAI.l,IiI) TO Ol l{ U H.»IA1{K Altl,^ I'lNIC STOCK OK

STANDARD m DWARF PEARS

^^^^5 tk ^^^" %^ 1 ^1 K^^^ IncliiilingimchliindeaB Niiiitiirii..l<'i«»i<'ii. Km.
1- I'C Bk W^ H" ^11^ ^B^^ ■''■■'' si"H-. WilliK, KrniHM-N II. lIiiyi'H, etc.
the tini™ (%,rn.Hp.in<).'iii-R 8c.l.c:it--cl Cn\:,\,vu.- V,.-,- Thii'li<'lli Vi'iir. Six lliiiiilri'il \.Tf».

THE STORRS & HARRISON CD. Painesville, Lake Co., Oiiio.

**- ALSO _ _ _

Prices reduced t" suit the tini™. (%.rrfHi»indi'iirR scilU^itJ-cl I'nl
21 CirceiilioiiMrH
ImmeDse Htin-k

s2

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &o.

They are Guaranteed to be the Host Powerful, Durable and Eco-
nottiical Boiler ever made in this Country.

"We are also manufacturing all the varions sizes of MYERS'
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &c.
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price List.

1173 South Ninth Street,

THOS. J. MYERS, Manager.

aptf

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

lo

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Iupmed Boi Water Boilers

-FOR he:.a.ting-

GrefiDlioises, Graperies, Ciseryatirlfis, PmjaptlBE Hoises, &c.

SEimONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No. 46 Marion Street, Ne^K^r York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dl3

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

II

"Send for Circular and conditions of insertion under this heading. "i?*

H. S. ANDERSON, Fruit Trees, Small IHOMAS MEEHAN,

Fruits, Roses, &C, Union Springs, N.Y. I Nursery man & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil.

GENERAL BULB CO., Vogelenzang (Hoi- ; J. M. RULIFSON, Fruit & Ornamental
land). N.Y. Agency, ig Broadway. myi2 'Jrees, Vines & Small Fruits, Mobile, Ala.

A WHITCOMB, BcddiuE and Greenhouse
Plants, Lawrence, Kansas,

Wm. J. Stewart,

—WHOLESALE DEALER IN—

CUT FLOWERS

(sa FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,

67 Broxnfield St.,

BOSTON^ MASS.

SADDLE BOILER

fl2

A {^00(1 second-hand Sad-
dle Boiler. State price,

caparitv. what make, and how long in use.

ED. S.'McKEAN, Florist. Ashland, Ohio.

CHAS. R. STILLWELL,

Wholesale Florist and Rose Grower.

ROSES GROWN SPECIALLY for WINTER FORCING.
SEND FOB TRADE UST. jll2

King's Highway, Gravesend, L. I., N. Y.

a large lot of first-class
Apple Seedlings For Sale.

Price per lOOO, _ _ _ $4.50

50,000. - - 200.00

100,000, - - 350.00

D. O. MUNSON,

MUNSON HILL NURSERIES. FALLS CHURCH, VA.

BOSTON TEAROSES

Carefully packed and shipped to all points in Western and
Middle States, at lowest Boston market prices. Price list
of Flowers and Florists' supplies sent on application.

WELCH BROS.,

fl2

WHOLESALE FLORISTS.
165 Tremoiit Street, Boston, Mans.

THOMAS YOUNG, Jr.,

WHOLESALE

TREES AND PLANTS '^"- " *''* "*" ^*'""'*'

imm

Norway Majile, 10 to 16 feet ; ditto, 7 to 9 feet ; ditto,
3 to (> ft., for NurseryBjen. Sugar Maple, 10 to 16 ft. Norway
Spruce, 1}^ to 7 ft., large stock. Balsam Fir, 2 to 7 ft. Si-
beriau Arborvitie, 1}:^ to 4 ft. Reid"s Golden Arborviiae, IJ^
to 3 ft. Carnations and Calla Lily, stroufj plants for Winter
forcing. Nursery and Greenhouses within two minutes'
walk of Christiana Station, on P. R. R. Send for prices.
S3 W. P. BRINTON, Christiaua. Lancaster Co., Pa.

Eucharis kazonica, Wanted

I wish to purcha,se 200 to 500 small bulbs of the above.
Address, with price,

CHARLES A. R££SER,
Springfield, O.'

Roses and Carnations

FOR WINTER FORCINC.

A very superior lot of MERMET, PERLE and BON
SILENE Roses, in 4 and .5incli pots, from 88 to «18 per
100. CARNATIONS, «8 per iOn-. »60 per 1IH)II. C(JN-
CORD, DELAWARE and BRIGHTON Grapes at whole-
sale. Send for price list.

DUTCHESS NURSERIES CO., Limited,

POUGHKEEPSIE, N. T.

THE CRANCER FRUIT AND VEGETABLE

$3.50. $6. and $10, Send for r'ircular.

EASTERN MANUFACTURING CO ,
apb 268 South Fifth Street, Phlla.

NE'W YORK.

.^-CHOICE ROSES A SPECIALTY.-S9,

^

sl2

ABSOLUTELY HEALTHY.

FOK SALE BY

C. C.HENRY, GREENVILLE, TENN,

ADTOMATIO AND

PLAIH SI.II>B TiLVK,

Siationary, Portable »Dd
Traction- Ch<--apc^t
aad best for all purposes.
Simple. Birnng aod dura-
ble. No Faxqubar boiler
everexplodeii. ^aw Mills.
Threabing Machines and
Agricultural Implemcnu
nnd machluery generally.
Send for III U9'd ("ataloRue
A., B. F^arqtthar,
York. Pa.

GEO. MULLEN, Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School St., near Parker House,) BoSton, MasS.

Flowers carefully packed and shipped to any part of the
country. Send for'Price List. Special rates on regular lots.
Orders by mail, telejiraph or express promptly attended to.
Immortelles, Immortelle Lettering, Wire Designs, Coil Wire
TinfoU, Bleached Wheat, Match Sticks, Toothpicks, con-
stantly on hand and sold at lowest wholesale rates. (For-
merly with W. J. Stewart.) dl2

WOlVIANWANTEDIaYtoYs^

■ ■ ^^ ■ ■ ■ r% I V for our bu.-ilne.ss In bet

locality. Rfsponsible house. References er.

^3 changed. GA V tk CO.. 14 Barclay »t., N.Yaf

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THE EMPIRE STATE GRAPE

rOR TALL OF 1885 AND SPRING OF 1886.

We are now prepared to offer this Celebrated New White Grape to the general trade without restrictions as to

propagation, at the following prices :

1-year, Very Strong,

1-year,

2-years,

8 60.00 per linndred.
$500.00 per thousand.
$ 80.00 per hundred.

NURSERYMEN AND DEALERS issuing Trade Lists, are invited to i|uote Kuipire State in their lists lor the
t'oiiiing Fall :inil SiniuL:- Wo make the usual allowance to the Trade on all orders amounting to S25 or more.
DEALERS AND AGENTS will fintl the Empire State a splendid specialty in their trade, and we shall be pleased
to supply all su<h with Plates, Circulars ami Vines, at the lowest prices, and new testimonials as tast as issued.

ts3 PRATT BROTHERS, Rochester, N. T.

NURSERY STOCK

The OLD ami
Well-kuown

SYRACUSE NURSERIES

nrter for the Fall of 1S85 an
Cnusually FINE STOCK

Standard Apples, Standard and Dwarf Pears and Plums

the growing ot which they have made A SI'KCIALTY f(.r years, and for which they have a NATIONAL REPUTA-
TION. Also Sour Cherries, Focklington Grapes, Kilnaarnock Willows, Caiuperdowii Elms, Koses, shrubs, and
a general line of Nursery stock, both Fruit ami Ornamental. »»" PRICES ON APPLICATION. We issue no Price
List. Address " s2

SMITHS, POWELL & LAMB, Syracuse, X. Y.

New Gooseberry

"THE TRIUMPH."

A Ne^v American Seedlinjj. Very large
lierry. free houi mildew. Great Bearer.

Ottered to the public now for the tirst
time. «il.35 per plant, mi2 per doz.

»2 CEO. ACHELIS,

WEST CHESTER. PENNA.

The NEW "JEWELL" STRAWBERRY.

Testimonials and Lithograph sent Free to all who apply.

P. M. Aignr & Sons, OrlglBators, Middlelelil, Com.

The riowering Plants,

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF

G-REIAT BRITAIN

And their allies, the Club Mosses, Pepperworts and
Horse tnils.

liv ANNIK PRATT,
S vols, octavo cloth, ^dt. 31'J full colored plates. Illustra-
ting 1543 species floured with index in each viil. with hotanl-
cal and common name refeirinR to plate, fl|;ure and p.aper.
Price S32.X sent post-paid. Address,

CHAS. B. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Fhlla.

Florists

Having SURPLUS STOCK
of CatLA LILIES, large,
and the SMALL SPOT-
TKD CALL A, or wish to
EXCHANGE same for
CARNATIONS (8 best
only), SNO WDON and

HINXIES WHITE. Will please correspond with

L 1 Wm, M, lettoit, Mid

P. 8.— Also would exchnnpe (.'arnations for 500 Gen.
Jaequeminot aud tien. Washington Roses.

The Pennsylvania State College,

Besides unusual advantaiies in (leiieral Scieiu-e, Chemistry
anil Physics, Modern Lan{j:uaf;cs, Civil Kntrineeiinc. History
and Politicnl .'Science, provides THREE COl'USES IN
A<;RICULTCRK, and a three years' couise in MECHAN-
IC ARTS, coodiinineshopwo'k with .study. New liuihling
and new eiiiiipTiient renlv in the Kail. Sp'eial course in
liiterature and .science for 1 .adies. All tuition free. Fall
term opens September 9th, 1885. Address

GEO. W. ATHERTON, L.L.U., Pres't.

State College, Centre Co.. Pa.

GRAPE CULTURIST.

By Andrew S. Fuller.
A treatise ou tlio Cultivation of the Native Grape. Ilhistrated.
286 paKOS, 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by mall post-paid on
receipt 01 price.

Address CHAS. H. MAKOT,

«U Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

13

Indian Azaleas. CABBAGE PLANTS

CAMELLIAS an<l RHODODENDRONS Immense Stock of
the Best Varieties, ^pli'iidullv cnvered with tlnwer buds
every veai . Best Varieties of PALMS :nu\ ORCHIDS per 100.
HERBACEOUS and TREE FERNS a specialty, consisting of
eOD varietie.-. Applv to

WALLEM Sc SOX,

tji^ Ledeberg, Ghent, Belgium.

LATE FLAT DUTCH, FOTTLEK'S IMPROVED
BKITNSWICK and EARLY WI>'>'INGSTADT, ttl.60
per 1000; S18.00 per 10,000.

tmyl2 J. L. DILLON,

Seedsman and Florist, Bloomsburg, Pa.

URSERIE8,

Washington, D. C.

The undersigned offers a fine stock of the following at
low rates :

NEW PEARS. NEW PEACHES. NEW CHERRIES. NEW GRAPES,
NEW STRAWBERRIES, &c.

FRUIT TREES OF ALL KINDS.

AN EXTENSIVE STOCK, VIZ. :

PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES. APRICOTS, APPLES.
Suitable to the South, &c.

Grape Vines, Strawberries, Raspberries, &c.

I^ew sorts Evergreens, New Ornamettfal Trees, JVew Shrubs ^

dec. Small Sizes, suitable for Nurserymen as ivell

as large stock in great variety.

DXJXCH BUI.BS.

Large importations direct from the leading growers in Hol-
land. First quality Bulbs: Hyacinths, Lilies, Tulips, &c.

BAT US A large stock of Small
I Mexican, &c. | (ilttiAM Plants.suitable for florists

Beautiful Hothouse & Greenhouse Plants,

CROTONS, DRACENAS. DIEFFJENBACHIAS,
WINTER BLOOMINO PLANTS, S:c.

NC \A/ R n Q P Q Bennett's Hybrid Teas, New
t W n U O t O French and English Roses.

New Wistarias, New Clematis, Geraniums, Primulas, &c.

Everything at low rates. Catalogues mailed to applicants.

e3 JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C.

TO IMPORTERS OF ROSES.

Cranston's Nursery and Seed Co., Limited,

PROPRIETORS OF

THE LARmST MMM mOWMM IW TEE

Have over HALF A MILLION ROSE PLANTS for sale, and are prepared to book orders for delivery In the
Fall. All the leaiiing varieties, suitable for forcing, can be supplied in large, as well as small quantities, as we grow
from 1,000 to 10,000 of each sort. Visitors to England are cordially invited to inspect our Nurseries, and we shall be
pleaded to answer any enquiries as to the best and nearest route, &c. Before giving away your orders, write for our
Catalogues, which will be mailed free of iHiarge. Special prices on application.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY AND SEED CO., Limited,

au4 KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD, ENGLAND.

~ — DOWNING'S —

rmMDrEinTraoFMrn;

Or, THe CnltDre. Propagation, and Management, In tHe
Garden and Orctiard, ol Frnlt Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Descriptions of all the Finest Varie-
ties of Fruit, Native and Foieit;u, cultivated in this Coun-
tr>'; containing, also, A History of Insects Injukious to
Fruit, and the best methods of destroyuig them.

Mr. Charles Downing has heen engaged on this revision
from time to time, and has produced unquestionably Zfte
most complete Reference Book for the Cultivators of PruU
ever issued.

Of Apples only he has over -150 pages of varieties. New
and better drawings aud engravings have also been made of
all the Fruit.

The complete work, including three Appendices, is
brought down to 1881, and forms one thick

8vo VOLUME OF OVER 1,360 PAGES.
Price, handsomely hound in full cloth, - - - 85.00.

Recommendation from Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,
President of the American Pomological Society :

Gentlemen :— I have received a copy from Mr. Charles
Downing of the second revised edition of the "Fruits and
Fruit Trees of America." Ir. is the most oompi-ehen-
sive of anv similar work, in fact A COMPLETE ENCY-
CLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN POMOLOGY, brought dowD
to the present time. The original edition by liis brother, the
late Andrew Jackson Downing, popular as it ever has been,
is made doubly interesting aud useful by this revision, com-
prising the results of a I'j.ig life of critical observations.
As a work of reference it has no equal, and deserves a place
in the Library of every Pomologist in America.— MARSHALL
P. Wilder.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Architects'and Builders' Pocket Companion

AND PRICE BOOK,

By FRANK W. VODGES, Architect.
Consisting of a short but comprehensive epitome of Decimals, Duo-
decimals, Geometry and Mensuration, widi tables of U. S. Mea-
sures, strengths, etc., of iron, wood, stone and various other ma-
Cbiefly such as are Caused by Fungi, by Washington G. terials, quantities of materials in given sires and dimensions of
Smith, F.L.S., M.A.I. Member of the Scientific Commit- wood, brick and stone, and a full and complete W// of prices for
tee of the Royal Horticultural Society. 143 DlustratiMis Car^«^ter work. Also, rules for computing and valuing brick and
drawn and engraved by the author. 16 mo, 353 pages, cloth, brick-work, stone-work, painting, plastering, &c., 284 pages, i6mo,
price 81.50, by mail post-paid. Address, cloth $1.50. Tuck, $2.00. Sent by mad postage free, on receipt of

price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa. CHAS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

ORCHIDS P^'''"^'^"'

14

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

CARNATIONS

Field-grown ; Good Plants of all the Leading Old
Standard and Best New Sort». 30 Varieties.

MARIE LOUISE and SWANLET WHITE.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS

50 New and 150 Older Varieties.

NEW DOUBLE WHITE DAISY

Excellent for Winter Blooming.

Stock Plants

or all the Best New and Older Bedding Plants,
Rosea, tie.

Write for Catalogue and lowest prices.

Nicholas Studer.

ANACOSTIA P. 0., WASHINGTON, D, C.

tsr2

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day Handbook for the Farm. Full
of Labor-saving devices and Home-made contrivance^*,
within the reach of all. Contains the best ideas gathered
from a score of practical men in all departments of Farm
Labor. 212 Illustrations, 240 pages. 12 mo, cloth. By mail,
post paid, for S1..50. Addres.?,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOUSEHOLD >< CONyENIENCES

Being the experience of many practical writers. Bring-
ing together the devices that hundreds of housekeepers
bare found useful in their own homes. The "Conveniences"
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
ing that they may lighten the labor and "save steps" to
many an over-worked housekeeper. 220 Illustrations, 240
pages. 12 mo, cloth. Sent by mail post paid, for $1.-50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT 814 Che-stnut St., Phila.

A MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BT ISAAC P. TILUNGHABT.

Containing the experiences of the author in starting all those
kinds of v^etab'es which are most difficuit for a novice to produce
from s«ed; with the best methods Icnown for combating and repell-
tng noxious insects and preventing the diseases to which gardes
Tegetables are subject. 102 pages, i6mo, cloth, price, fi.oo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phil*

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS.

By a. 8. Packakd, Jr., M.D.
Also a Treatise on those iNJTJBious and Bkneficial to
Chops. For the use of Colleges, Farms, Schools and A«ri-
cnHorista. Illustrated with 11 plates, and tl50 wood-cuts.
702 pages, 8to, cloth. Price, J6,0O. Sent by mall pos^paid
oo receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

NEW AND EAEE EAST INDIAN AND OTHES

^ORCHIDS«0«-

Tlie undersigned offers EAST INDIAN and other ORCHIDS

in large quantities, well estiiblislied plants, as well as extra

large specimens. At prices much lower than they can be

purchased in Europe.

ANGRaiCCMS in varietv; splendid plants.

ARIDES— Virens Ellisii, Lobbii. Roseum. Adoratum,CraS3i-
folinm. Crispum. Quinnuevulneruni, Fieldingi, Ac.

CALANTHAS— Veitohii, Vestiw rubra, Lutca. Nivalis, Ac.

CATTLEYA — Eldorado, Eldorado splendens, Superba,
Mos.siae, Leopoldii, Mendelii, Trianse, Amethvstina, Leo-
poldii. Percivaliana, Imperialis, Maxima, Skinerii, *c.

CTPRIPEDIBMS — Candatum, Concolor. Niveum,
Pierceii, Lawrenoiana, Sedeni, Lowei, Spicerianum,
Argus, Ciliolare, RcezUi. Robelina, Ac.

DENDROBIUMS— Agt:regatum, Albo-Sanguineum, Bar-
batulum, Chrys.autbuni, Cretaceum, Chr^sotoxum, Cras-
sinoda, DaUiousianum, iJevonianum, l5bumeum, Fal-
conerii. fimbriatum occulatum, fonnosuni giganteum,
Luteolum, macropliyllum giganteum, Parishii, Pier-
ardii latifolia Suavl.ssimum Wardianura, Dearii, Thy-
rsiflorum, Jamesaanum, Nodatum, Densifiorum,
Schroederi, Ac.

La;i.IAS— Anceiis. Superi)iens,Alba, Dawsonii, Perrinii,Ac.

LVCA.STESKINNERII— A grand winter-flowering Orchid.

ODONTOGLOSSU.>IS-Gmnde.Bictoniensis, Rossiimajus,
Plialienop-is. Kramerii, Roezlii, Crispum, Pescatorea.&c.

PH^LANOPSIS— .\mabilis, Schilleriana, Comu Cervi, Ac.

SACCOLABICM — Blumei majus. Guttatum. Ampula-

ceum, Violaceum, Curvifolium giganteum. Retusem, Ac.

Ma.sdevallias : Tricopilia : Vadas ; Barkerias ; Chjsis ;

Corj'anthes; Phaius: Stanhopeas; Sobralia ; Utricularias.

With many rare Orchids. Catalogue on application.

tau3

WASHINGTON, D. C.

BTJLBS

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Being descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties ; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, S2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

By Chas. Darwin.
With copious descriptive contents and Index. Illustrated.
462 pages, temo, cloth. Price t7 .00.
Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Addreat CHAS. H. MAEOT,

814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

AMERICAN GARDENER'S ASSISTANT.

By Thomad BriJgeman.

Contalnlnecomplele practical directions for the cnltivatian of
Vegetables, Flowers, Fruit Trees and Grapevines. Illustrated.
629 p^«s. 12nio, cloth. Price $2.50. Sent by mall post-paid on
receipt of price.

Addresa CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henn- T. Williams.
DeTotfd specially to the Culture of Flowers and Omtmental
Plants for In-door use and Parlor Duoralim. fiplendialy Illus-
trated. 300 pages, med. 8vo, cloth. Price IIJO. Sent by mall
post-paid on receipt of price.

Addreaa CHAS. H. MABOT,

814 Chestnut St., PblU.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

15

Frontignan Grizzly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg Wilmofs,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria.
Lady Down's Seedling,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz,
Trentham Black,
White Nice.
White Syrean,
White Sweetwater,
White Tokay.

FOREIGN GRAPE YINEQ

' FOR GRAPERIES ^

S One year old vines, $1.00 each.
PRICE : j j^^ ygg^ jj,j yj^gg J2.00 each.

Bowood Muscat,
Muscat Hamburg,
Canon Hall Muscat,
Madresfield Court Muscat,
Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat,
Muscat of Alexandria,
Black Prince,
Black Alicante,
Black Barbarossa,
Black St. Peter's,
Buckland Sweetwater,
Calabrian Raisin,
Chasselas de Fontainebleau,
Chasselas White,
Chasselas Golden,
Duchess of Buccleuch,
Frontignan \Vhite.

Catalogue sent free on application.
We would also call special attention to our stock of
Camellias, Azaleas, Acacias, Roses and general collection
of winter-bloomings ornamental foliage and bedding plants

DAVID FERGDSSON & SONS, Laurel HUl Nurseries,

tf.l2 Ridge and Lehigh Avenues, Philadelphia, Pa

TF you wish to make the

Gardeners' Monthly

THREE TIMES AS VALUABLE,

BIND m NUMBERS

Of each year. The index for the year's volume makes every
article in it easily accessible, and you will be suri)rised to
find how fresh and satisfactory the magazine is for reference.
If vou have no bookbinder in convenient reach, mail us
your numbers, postpaid, and 90 cts. in stamps for each year,
enclosed in your letter of advice. We will i etum you the
volumes bound in neat cloth cases post-paid. It you value
the magazine in numbers you will value it still more pre-
served in this permanent form. Address,

CUAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Fhlla.

FRUIT CULTURE

And the LAYING out and MANAGEMENT of a

COUNTRY HOME.

BY WM. C. STROMQ.

205 pages, 16mo, cloth. Price, 81.00, by mail, pos^paid.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FOR

YOUNG AND OLD.

The Cultivation ol Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden.

BY JOSEPH HARRIS, M. S.

Illustrated, 191 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
tl.25, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Ptillft.

DUTCH BUI-BS =

IWIOOS TO FRUITS.

By Wm. Saunders, F. R. S. C.

Dedicated to the Fruit Growers of America. 8 vo., cloth,
pp. 436. Illustrated with 440 Wood Cuts. Price $3.00 by
mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

For Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, etc. Lar^e stock on
hand durint; the season, at lowest import jM'ices. Imported
Roses, Clematis, Rhododendrons, Azaleas, etc., from
Boskoop (Holland), Nursery Association; awarded first
Premiums at New Orleans "World's Exposition. Hardy
Hybrid Perpetual Roses. Strone: 2 veamM plants. Prices
in"Holland, per 100(1, only S65.06. Clematis Jackmanni,
and other fine varieties. Trade Catalogues sent on appli-
cation. Address, C. H. JOGSTEN, Importer,
ts.^ 3 Coenties Slip, New York.

Carnation Plants

I offer for sale Fine Thrifty Carnation Plants, grown in
field all Summer. Will be readv Sept. Send for Catalogue.

THOMAS F. SEAL,

ntf Unlonville. Chester Co., Pa.

TOBACCO STEMS,

In bales weighingSOO lbs. each, at 85.00 per bale, or thre*
bales for Sia. 00.

TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board ol boats or cart,

ai2 Straiton 6l Storm,

204-208 Bast 27th St., New York Oity.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMDEL B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation. Culture and History of the
Elose. Illustrated. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price J1.50. Sent
by mail post-paid on roceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

ALPINE FLOWERS for ENGLISH GARDENS

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.

An explanation of the pnnciplcs on which the Exouisite Flora ol

Alpine countri«s may be grown to perfection in all Parts of the

British Islands, with numerous Illustrations, of Rock Qardens,

Natural and Artificial. 70 Illustrations, 440 pagcs»crowD 8vo, cloth.

Price, $4.50. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila

GARDENING BY MYSELF

BY ASNA WARNER.

Containing Hints and Experiences under heading of each
month in the vear. Illustrated. IBuio, 223 pages. Price, paper,
50c.; cloth, 81.25. Sent my mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Hand-book of Useful Tables

For the Lumberman, Farmer and Mechanic, containing ac-
curate tables of logs reduced to inch board measure, plank,
scantling and timber measure ; wages and rent by week or
month ; capacity of granaries, bins and cisterns ; land
measures ; interest tallies, with direction for finding the
Interest on any sum at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 per cent, and many
other useful tables. Revised and enlarged edition, 182 pp.,
25 cents. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

The Botanist's Pocket Book.

4th Edition, cloth limp, pp. 208. By W. B. Hayward.
Containing in a tabulated form the chief characteristics of
British Plants, with the Botanical Name, Common Name,
Soil and Situation, Growth and Time of Flowering of eve^
Plant, arranged under its own Order. Price 81.70. Mailed,
postage tree. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Cbeetnat St., Pbila.

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

GREAT SPECIALTY! INDIAN AZALEAS!

inn nnn PI-ANTS of aU sixes and choicest varieties, ready for delivery in September. Prices on application,
IUU,UUU packing included, by the 100 or 1000. Also of Rhododendrons, (ihent Azaleas and Azalea mollis, [tmhtf

AUG. VAN GEERT, Continental Nurseries, Ghent Belgium.

N. B.— Orders should be sent at once to secure a good selection of varieties. TERMS : CASH WITH THE ORDER.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES

^

FALL or 1885^

^

At the Great American Centennial we had an award for having exhibited 730 species and marked
varieties of hardy trees and shnibs, being without question, the LARGEST EXHIBIT EVER MADE IN
THE WORLD. Few persons have any idea of the immense variety of beauty that an American
garden may possess. It is to the interest of nurserymen to educate their customers, and we make a
specialty of growing young stock for nurserymen to plant on their grounds, or to sell again at once if
desirable. A perusal of our catalogue will be a good aid in this educational movement. jl3

THOMAS MEEHAN, Germantown, near Philadelphia.

THE ORCHID ALBUM THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition.
revised by the author. 25o. Mailed, post-paid on receipt oi
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Bea-V^ —London Gardener's Magazine.

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study
it ^'—London Journal 0/ Horticulture.

" No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teathers of Botany."— Gardeners' Monthly.

Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal.— 7/ie Botanical Qazette.

"It would be difficult to overestimate the difference be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analysis of flowers."— iV. Y. Evening Post.

*'The mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
ing the mind,"— Coun(rj/ Gentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

8U Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Soie File Enilisli Mh.

A Serial Montlily Work on Exotic Orchids. Conducted by
Robert Wabner ami Benjamin S. Williams. Botanical
Descriptions by Thomas Moore, Curator of Chelsea
Botanic Gardens. The colored figures by John Nugent
Fitch. Size of page royal quarto, enabling artist to pro-
duce ample and intelligible portraits of the plants, which
are drawn and colored in the best style. The text comprises
English botanical descriptions of the plants, notes on their
cultivation and such general observations as may prove of
interest and utility to orchid-growers. The subjects selected
for illustration comprise the most ornamental and attractive
species and varieties, new and old, of this noble and beauti-
ful family ; presenting to subscribers a splendid annual
album of floral pictures for the drawing-room and library.
Sold by subscription and issued in regular monthly parts, at
$1 25 per part, or $15 00 for the twelve annual parts, mailed
post uee on receipt of price. Each part contains four hand-
somely colored plates with corresponding letter-press ; and
a volume of twelve parts will be completed annually. Firet
part was issued July, 1881, and an annual volume will be
completed in June of each year following, until the subject
is exhausted.

Orders as received by the undersigned will be entered and
forwarded to the Publisher in London. An interval of from
four to six weeks will ensue between the order and the
reception of initial numbers (per mail, direct from Lon-
don, ) by subscriber,— afterwards regularly each month.

Advertisements of a suitable character will be admitted
at following rate.s per single issue : Whole page, $20.00 ; half-
page, $11.25; quarter-page, $o..50; per inch., single column,
§1.50. Terms cash with the order. Address for subscription
or advertising.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Sole Agent for the United States,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i.— Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division a.— Conuining an arrangement in Natural Groups o(
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated ia
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarlts on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
type Price, ST 00, mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUad'a

Bentham's British Flora, 2 vols., 8vo, Illustrated 816,50

British Sea Weeds, Mosses, Ferns and Entomology,

square, 16mo, gilt, 89 plates, 4 vols 12.00

English Flower Garden, Robinson, illustrated 6.00

Ferns of Great Britain and their Allies. 41 col. plates, 6.25
Flowering Plants, Grasses and Ferns of Great Britain,

I'ratt. 6 vols., 319 colored plates 32.50

Gilpin^.' Forest Scenery 3.00

Greenhouse Favorites, splendid colored Illustrations.. 12.60

Half Iloursin the Green I^nes 2.00

llalfllours with some Engli-sh Antiquities 2.00

Low's Ferns of Great Britain. 8 vols., >^ tky 80.00

NewtonV I.^ndscape Gardening, fol., 24 dole pp. plates. 6.00

Sylvan Spring, colored phites, Heath 6.00

Vegetable World. Figuier, 470 Illustrations, in calf 6.00

Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler, octavo, 60 plates 4.00
Wild Flowers of the Holy Land (quarto), col. plates. 8.50
Woustur's Alpine Plants. 2 vols 17,60

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER,

17

SPECIAL OFFER TO THE TRADE

OF

WMerlooiing Plants.

Bon Silene, Countess de la Bartho, Ktoile de Lyon, Isabella Sprunt, La Prance, Mad. Jos. Schwarti,

Niphetos, Fe»le des Jardins, Safrano, Souv. d'un Amie. 2'|-inoh pots, SI. 00 a dozen; $6.00 per 100.
La France. Niphetos, Perle des Jardins, Souv. d'un Amie- 3-inoh pots, $1.25 per dozen ; $8.00 per 100.
Bon Silene, Cornelia Cook, Countess Riza du Pare, Douglas, Btoile de Lyon, Isabella Sprunt, La Pactole,
LaFrance, Niphetos, Perle des Jardins, Safrano, Souv. d'un Amie 4-in. pots,$2 per doz.; $15 per 100.
Marecbal Niel— very vigorous young stock— 3-inch pots, 12 inches high, $1.50 per dozen ; $10 00 per 100.

4-inoh " 18 " " $2.00 '■ 815.00

5-inoh " 33 " " $3.00 " $20.00

American Beauty, Wm. Francis Bennett 3-inch pots. $15 00 per dozen.

JPJl.J^1^&.

|1 doz.

Areca lutescens 2K-in. pots, $2.00

S •■ 3.00

" " 3K " 4.00

4 " .5.00

5 " 6.00

6 ■' 9.00

" rubra 2H " 2.50

" " 3 " 4.00

" 4 " 5.00

" Verschafelti 4 '• 15.00

5 " 24.00

" 6 " 3500

Cocos Wedelliana 2)4 " 2.00

2i| " 3.00

" plumosus 3 " 1.50

Corypha Australis 2W " 1.00

Caryota ureus 2)Z " 100

Kentia Balmoreana 3% " 15.00

2J^ " 5.00

■^ 100
Sl.'i.Ofl
25.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
20.00
30.00
40.00

15.00
25.00
10.00
6.00
6.00

Kentia Fosteriana 3?^-in. pot.s,

•* exorhiza 3

Latania borbonica 2)4

3

" " 4

" " 5

Oreodoxa regia 3

Phoenix rupicola 2%

" reclinata 2l2

" sylvestris 214

Ptychosperma Alexandrea 2(4

'^ " 3

.4

Seafortbia elegans 2^

" ^' 3

•' " 4

" " 5

:FEi?.isrs.

fl dnz.

Adiantum cuneatum 2V^-in. pots, $1.00

3 " 1.25

.75
1.00
1.25
1.25
2.00
1.00

" pubescens 2}i

" " 3

Davalia stricta 3

Dicksonia Antarctica 3

4

Gymnograma argyrophilla 3

^ 100
S6.00
10.00

5.00

6.00
10.00

8.00
15.00

8.00

Gymnograma cbrysopbilla 3in. pots,

" sulphurea 3 '•

Microlepia hirta cristata 3

" 4

Pteris argeyrea

2X

3

" cretina albo lineala 3

Pteris tremula 2^

■^ dnz.

$1.5.00
.5.00
5.00
.75
1.00
2.00
300
1.00
l.SO
1,00
1.00
1.00
1.50
2.00
1.00
1.25
2.00
3..50

fl doz.

$1.00

1.00

1.50

2.50

.75

1.00

1.00

.75

fllOO

$5.00

8.00

15.00

25.00

6.00

12.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

10.00

15.00

6.00

8.00

15.00

25.00

|»I00
$8.00
8.00
10.00
20.00
600
8.00
6.00
5.00

Dracaena tenninalis 2J^-in .pots,

Ficns elastica 4

" 5

Pandanus utilis 2^

" " 3

Ampelopsis Veitcbi 3

" " 4

fl doz.

$1.00
1.50
2..50
4..50
3.00
5.00
.75
1.25
5.00
1.25
2.00

^ 100
$7.00
10 00
20.00
35.00
25 00
40.00
600
8.00
40 00
8.011
15.00

^ doz. ^ 100

Begonia metallica 3-in. pots, $1.00 $6.00

Bouvardia D.avidsoni 4 " 1..50 10.00

" Double White 4 " 1.50 lO.OO

Carnations, Crimson King, La Purite, Meteor or Philadel-

gbia, Peter Henderson, Peerless, President De Graw,
nowden, strong plants from open ground, $1.25 per dozen,
$8.00 per 100.
Ivie*, hardy English, strong, 2-year old, $2.00 per dozen,

$15.00 per 100.
Musa ensete, $1.00 to $5 00 each ; $12 to $18 per dozen.
Poinsetta pulcherrima, 6-in. pots, $.3.00 per doz.; $25 per 100.

For General Stock of Plants, Bulbs and Seeds, see Wholesale Price List, ready early in September.

HENRY A. DREER, Seedsman and Florist, 714 Chestnut St., Phila.

To engage in the FLORIST BUSINESS, in a city of nearly 200,000 inhabitants.

Greenhouses for Rent! Stock for Sale!

14,000 square feet of glass, heated by two 25 horse-power steam boilers. 4 acres of land, ofiBce, sheds, city water,
sewerage, Ac, &c. A complete establishment, doing a wholesale and retail business. Also, if desired, a fine residence
and ornamental grounds adjoining.

^ A FIN£ LOT OF CAMELLIAS AND ORNAMENTAL PLANTS FOR SALE CHEAP. ^

Write for particulars ^ g ^ ^ M. TABER, Wholesalc FloHsts, Detroit, Mich.

i8

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

To the Trade-Clexxiatis, Roses, «£c.

CLEMATIS.— A large stm-k of all the leadinp; varietie>, stronj; two-year-old plants, SIS per 100, »144 per 1000.
ROSES, Dwarf, H. P.'s, •.Vc— .Vll leading sorts, budded low on Mrui'tti and Brier, very tine pl.ants tor potting or
pl.anting, »6 per 100, S48 per 10(X). List of sorts upon application. M.VNIOTTI ROSE STOCKS.— Fine, »5 per lUOO ;
»47 per 10,000. A Gooil General Stock of TREES ami SHRUltS. KlUITS, STOCKS, &c., to Offer.

WALTER SLOCOGK U.^^so.),

GOLDWORTH OLD NURSERY, tjis woking. surrey, England.

THOUSANDS OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS

In 3 and 4 and 5-incli pots, vigorous plants, all of which will bloom finely. Prices
according to variety. Florists should get stocked with the best before the rush of
fall sales. ROMAN HYACINTHS of extra fine quality, $3.50 per 100; $30 per
1000. PAPER WHITE, TRUMPET, MAJOR and VON LION NARCISSUS, selects!
for forcing, at reasonable rates. HYACINTHS, TULIPS, LILY OF VALLEY,
LILIES, &c., of best grade. FRBESIA REFRACT A ALBA, large bulbs, $6.00 per
100. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS, $3 and $5 per 100. Large stock of Home-
grown CLEMATIS. Catalogue now ready.

V. H. HALLOCK, SUN & THORPE, East Hinsdale, New York.

TELEGRAMS. QUEENS, N. Y. sl2

Wholesale Dealer in Cut Flowers,

940 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

Offers to the trade the BEST QUALITY of NEW and STANDARD varieties of
ROSES and all other CUT FLOWERS. Packed in the most careful manner and
at the LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES for the CHOICEST QUALITY. Write for
Price List. Consignments solicited. s6

Select [xtfa-Tropical Plaots.

Readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalization,
with indications of their native countries, and some of
their uses, by Baron Ferd. Von Mueller, K. 0. M. G., M. D.,
Ph. D., F.R S., Government Botanist of Australia; Hon-
orary or Correspondinp: Member of Scicntilic Societies and
Academies in Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco,
Chicago, Kingston, Me.\ico, Caracas, Buenos .Vyres.

The question of tree culture is one to which the people of
this country must, before the lapse of many years, of neces-
sity give their attention. In Baron von Mueller's book the
trees and plants not indigenous to this country, but capable
of cultivation here, are given, with such description of them
and of the particular sci-tnnis to which they are adapted, as
makes it an indis]icn>:ilile work to those interested in im-
proving our nativi' tloial wealth. American edition, revised
and enlarged. J5U pages. Octavo. Cloth. Price, 83.00; mailed,

postpai . j^g^g ^ MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENING FOR PROFIT.

By PKTKH HKNDKKSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the
MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

New and enlarged edition. Ilhutratcd. 276 Pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price, 81.50. Sent Ijy mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Addreas CHAS. H. MAKOT, 8U Chestnut St., PhUa.

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Hendbrson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

fur the Amateur and Professional Florist. Illustrated. 288 pages,
i3mo, cloth. Price, #1.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

S14 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETKR HENDERSON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Greenhouse, Conservatory and Window-Garden.
Illustrated. 250 Pages, 12mo, cloth. Price 8160. Sent by
mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAKOT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Benjamin S. Williams, F.R.H.S.
Cnmprising descriptions of 950 choice species and varieties, Brit-
ish and Exotic, with directions lor their management in the Tropical,
Temperate and Hardy Fernery, with numerous beautiful full-page
illustrations. 353 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, |a.60. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

19

The American Florist

A 16 PAGE SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL FOR THE TRADE.

For Florists and Greenhouse men only ; treating practically of their -work, novel-
ties in plants, designs, or other items, together with trade news and market prices
of cut flowers, glass, materials, etc., in the leading markets. The Cincinnati
Convention Number should be read by every florist. Sample copy, five cents.

Address, enclosing One Dollar for yearly subscription, ts

AMERICAN FLORIST CO., Metropolitan Bl'k, CHICAGO.

1

Also other forest tree seeds (.lallected in larcequantitiesby

JAS. D. MAHONEY, Saco, Maine.

Orders to ensure fulfilment must be sent in before time
for collectin;^.

BACK VOLUMES

OF THE

Can still be had in numbers, per year - - - - J2 00

Bound in neat cloth cases, including numbers, - - - 2 76

" X Roan. " " ... 300

Cloth cases alone, mailed for .------ 60

Delivtred Postage Jree.
Or mail us your own numbers, and have them bound in cloth cases
For 90 cents. Returned to you bound, postage free.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

PATENT BINDER

For the Gardener's Monthly. Numbers filed with the greatest
convenience. Preserve them filed for reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 50
cents each. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt ot price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St. Phila.

HINTS FOR PAINTERS,

Decorators and Paper-Hangers.

being a selection of useful rules, data, memoranda, methods
and suggestions of bouse, ship and furniture painting, paper-
banging, gilding, color mixing, and other matters useful and
instructive to painters and decorators. Prepared with
special reference to the wants of Amateurs,

BY AN OLD HAND.
60 pages paper, mailed post paid for 25c. on receipt of price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Pbila.

Trod Farming at the Sooth

A Guide to the Raising of Vegetables lor Northern Markets.

BY DR. A. OEMLEK,

Prest. of Chatham Co., Georgia, Fruit and Vegetable
Growers Association. Illustrated. 12 mo., cloth, pp. 270.
Price 81.50. Mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

Hot Water Boiler

pr^O O A I C *-*"^ °^ Branche's Sectional Patent
rUn wMLll I^oHers, capacity lOOO ft. of 4-in. pipe,
as good as new, for sale cheap.

HANS NIELSON, Florist,

ST. JOSEPH, MO.

Address,

INJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

By MARY TREAT.

Fully Illustrated. 288 pages. 12mo, cloth.
Price, $2.00 by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Floral Kingdom

Its History. A Dictionary of more than 300 Flowers, with
the Genera and Family to which they belong ana the
Language of each. Illustrated by appropriate Gems of
Poetry and a particular Treatise on the Cultivation and
Analysis of Plants. 4o0 pages, on heavy tinted highly cal-
endered paper, and red line border with ornamental cor-
ners, splendidly bound, beveled boards, full gilt. A beauti-
ful present. Price, 86.50 by mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY.

By Robert Buist.
With practical directions for the Culture of Plants in Flower-
Garden, Hot-House, Green-Houae, Rooms, or Parlor Windows,
for ever7 month of the year. Instructions for erecting Hot-
bouse, Greer house, and laying out a Flower garden. Instruc-
tion for cultivating, propagating, pruning aud training the
Grapi vine and description of best sorts for the open air. 34
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price 81 50. Sent by mail post paid on receipt
of price. CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St. Phila.

Parts %. Mm of Paris

considered in relation to tiie wants of OTHER CITIES, and o
PUBLIC and PRIVATE GROUNDS .

By WM. ROBINSON.

Splendidly and profusely illustrated, pp. 648. Octavo. Price
$7.60. Mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. ^'.AROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

20

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Something New in Water Heaters

Sectional View of Carmody's Patent

SECTIQUL EnEISigH Mill mill

Especially adapted to the heating of

i, UUlllM, UUllMUX I UIWXIUM,

And other Buildings where the HOT WATER system is desired.

Please take Notice.

This Heater is composed of sections, and
tan be enlarge<l or diminished in size at wilL

By removing the impacting sections it be-
comes a first-class saddle boiler.

It can be used in connection with a fla«
alone the ground, or not, at pleasure.

It requires no fire pit, where water Is liable
to extinguish the fire.

It bums soft coal as well as hard, and does
not clog up with soot.

It has more heating surface in proportion
to its size than any other boiler in the market.

It is the CHEAPEST and most durable flret-
olass boiler made.

For Descriptive CtroQlar and Price List,
address the Fruprletor,

J. D. CARMODY,

FLORIST.

EVANSVILLE, IND.

HOW TO HEAT A GREENHOUSE WITH WATER.

The inventor of this Heater has lately pub-
lished an illustrated treatise on the above sub-
ject, which every Florist should possess, as it
gives full instruction how to set the boiler, ar-
range the pipe, make joints, mend leaks, and
much other desirable information. In tact, any
one by following its directions can pipe their
own houses without the assistance of a plumber
or high-priced labor. Price 60 cents. Address,

J. D. CARMODY,

tstf Evansvllle. Ind.

HAI<^D-BOOK

PRACTiCAL LANDSCAPE

GARDENING.

BY F. R. ELLIOTT.

Designed for City and Suburban Residences, and Country School-
Houses; containing designs for lots and grounds, from alot 30 by
100, to a forty-acre plot. Each plan is drawn to scale, with schedule
to each, showing where each tree, shrub, &c., should be planted
condensed instructions for forming and caring for lawns; building ol
roads; turfing, protection, pruning and care of trees; making
cuttings, evergreens, hedges, screens, &c. Condensed descriptions
of all the leading trees and shrubs ; soil and position in which they
should be grown. Illustrations of ground plans, elevations, trees,
shrubs, winter gardening, &c. 96 pp.,8vo, cloth. Price $1.50.
Seat by mail on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

ROSES IN POTS;

observatloQS on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Rose.

byWM. PAUL.
92 pages, cloth, Illustrated. Price, SI 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

THe BEST METHODS EMPLOYED in ENGLAND anil EEANCE.

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboours Essay on Asparagus,
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted
for its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
edition. 84 paces. 50 cents by mail on receipt of price.

Address, cfHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

Fruit Growers' Hand- Book,

By F. K. Elliott author of " Wettern Fruit Growers' Guide"
(one ot tlie best posted men on the subject in the United States),
Contains the practice on all subjects connected with fruit growing.
The book is made for those who yrow (ruit for their own use Also
an Appendix, containing mattei relating to the selection and culture
of Ornamental Trees, Roses, Plants, &c. Illustrated with 45 wood-
cuts, 130 pages, i6mo, cloth, $1 ; pnpei. 6d cts. Sent by mail
postpaidon receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

HAVE YOU YET SECURED A

PHOTOGRAPH

oeiGiNftL s[CKEL ?m mu

150 TO 200 YEAKS OLl> AND STILL STANDING!

Send for oue and have soniothinp; more than a mere tra-
dition. They are mounted on (^ard board, 8x lu inches, and
will bo securely mailed for 50 cents. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

"the HORSE AND HIS DISEASES7

BT B. J. KHNDALL. M.D.

With the real essential information relative to each disease. Will
»ave many times its cost. Gives cause, symptoms and best treat-
ment of ■uscases. Table with the doses, effects and antidotes of
principal medicines used, and a few pages on action and uses of
medicines. Rules for telling age of Horse and fine engraving show-
ing appearance of the tceih each year. A large collection of ralu-
»bTe recipes. Printed on fine paper 7J^k5 inches; nearly 100 pages,
85 engravings. Price, 26 cents. Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt
of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut Street, Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FOR DE:iA.r.E:Fts owr-Y.

>

CO

CO

Schmidt's Patent Hyacinth Glasses are
the best for forcing all kinds of Bulbs.

Price Lists ou application. ts3

J. C. SCHMIDT, ERFURT, GERMANY.

THE PEACH;

Its CHlliire ani Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

EE-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for tlie Cse of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

aQ'ected by the •» Vellows" and other

Diseases of tlie Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, SI .00. Paper, 60 cents.
Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. SH Chestnut St., PhiJa.

Together \vith Complete Plans and Specifications. Over
100 Engra%ings of Designs and Plans of Cottages and
Country Houses, costintr Hum £'200 to 8.5,iKia By S. H. Reed,
Architect, Author of "House Plans for Everybody." Cloth.
12 mo, mailed, post-paid, for Sl.i5. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENERS^ DICTIONARYr

By Gbo. W. Johnson, Editor of *' Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
their cultivation. New Edidon, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. io*6 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
|^3.0(.i. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

8i4 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

DUTCH BULBS

E. H. KRELAGE & SON,

Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,

HAARLBM. HOLLAND.

The Wholesale Catalogue, American edition (No. 380 a)
of Dutch Flower roots and Bulbous and Tuberous-
rooted Plants for 1H8.3 and 'Hfj, is now ready and may be
had free on prepaid application. The above catalogue,
although giving only an extract of the collections forms a
pamphlet of 48 pages. Svo, in two columns, and is doubtless
one of the most complete sent out for this specialty. The
prices of Hyacinths m general are considerably lower than
before. Prices of Tulips and other bulbs too are in many
instances inferior to former quotations.

tau3 K. H. KRELAGE & SON, Haarlem, Holland.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLEK.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, both
Evergi-een and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 pages, tine cloth. Price $1.50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 l^hestnut St., Pliila.

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. PULLER.

Giving Deacription, History, Cultivation, Prop^ation, DiB«
eases. Ac.

Beautifully Illustrated.

276 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price 81.50. Sent by mail, post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

Art of Grafting and Budding

By CHARLES BALTET,
Appropriately and fully illustrated by 188 cuts, shiiwing
methods, tools and appliances. Pp. 230, 12 mo. cloth, flexi-
ble. Price 81.25 mailed, postage free. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street Phila.

AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

■VjrVfE. IVXAZCING.

By George HuSMAPJN, Professor of Horticulture in University of
Missouri .with contributions from well-known Grape Grower*., s'vin^

A \TIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE.

Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pp., cloth; price,Sl.50. Mailed post-p^id
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By Benj. S. Williams, F. R- H. S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
varieties. Instructions for their cidtivation and modo of manage-
ment. Illustrated with colored frontispiece and numeroufl
splendid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth. Prico
85.00. Sent by mail post- paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St., PhliC,

AND OUT BUILUINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designs to suit every taste andpocket.
257 illustrations, 235 pages, 12 mo. cloth, price, S .50. Mailed,
post paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H, MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.

22

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

ts2

MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES.

(1840.1 ROCHESTER. N. Y. (1885.)

We offer for Fall plantin;? the larsrest and most

complete collections in the United Slates of

Fruit Trees, Standard and Dwai'f,

GrapeN, and all the small fruits,

New iaooweberry "lusduwJry,"

Ornaiucittal Trees a.ud SlUrubs,

Ko8CM, of i vt'rj' cla^s,

Iflurdy Bulbs,
Catakignes sent as follou-s: No. 1, Fruits, lOc;

No. 2, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, 15o.; No. 3,

Strawberries, No. 4, Wholeiiale, No. 5, Roses, No.

6, Bulbs free.

ESil^TR^lNGEn A; BARRY,

ICONOGRAPHY

indianIzaleas,

CoQtaiaitigplates and descriptions of some of the best old
and new varieties,

BY AUGUST VAN QEERT,

With the assistance of the principal Horticulturists and
Amateurs, and translated by Th. Moore, Jr,

This splendidly illustrated work should be in the hands of
every practical gardener and lover of plants.

To nurserymen and florists it is a valuable vade Tnecum to
resort to. The plates will prove most useful in the office
and will no doubt help and increase the sale of this popular
class of plants.

The amateur will find it an interesting book to consult for
the formation of his collection. Besides it is a splendid
volume for the library or drawing room.

Quarto, thirty-six splendid colored plates and 81 pp. text.
Price $7.50, maUed post free. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

FRUIT frROWER'S ERIElS

AN EASY GUIDE FOR THE

Raising of Fruitsfor Pleasure or Profit

BY R. H. HAINES,

Pap<;r, 34 pp., 8vo, price 30 cents; mailed post-paid onreceipt
of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

JUST PUBLISHED.

The Sportsman's Gazetteer,

BY CHARLES HALLOCK.

New, Revised and Enlarged Edition,

This well-known volume, comprising 1,000 pages, passed
through six editions, and became the recognized authority
in both continents on matters pertaining to Field Sports.
It has now been revised under the personal supervision q/
the author, who, since the appearance of the last edition,
has largely extended bis knowledge of the subjects treated
by three years' travel over new portions of the United
States and Canadas, whicb have not hitherto been brought
to the immediate attention of sportsmen. This revised
edition contains entirely new matter in several depart-
ments, a newly engraved portrait of the author, new maps,
and many fine illustrations representing Game Birds, Game
Dogs, Game Fishes, etc., etc. I*riec, post-paid, SS.OO.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

^ BOOK^OF EVERGREENS.

By Josiah Hoopos.

A pr£ctical treatiBe on the Coniforje or Conc-bearinff planta.
Handaomely illustrated. 4"5 pages. I2mo, cloth. Price $3.00
Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address OR AS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Ph.,a

0. BURNEVICH-DE WINNE,

J

PLiniT DCI Pllllill I imws one of the largest stocks of

britPlll DtLulUIVI Azalea mollis. Sold at the most

moderate rates. ts2

Azalea mollis, 20 to .30 Buds S8S.0O per 100

" 10 to 20 " 15.00 "

" 5 to 10 " 10.00 "

Azaleas, Rhododeudroiis, Palms, and General Euro-
pean Stock, Cash with orders for unknown correspondents

Downing's Landscape Gardening and
Rural Architecture.

BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING, ESQ.

Adapted to North America, with a view to the improvementin
country residences. Comprising historical notices of the art, di-
rections for laying out grounds and arranging plantations » the de-
scription and cultivation of hardy trees, decorative accompaniments
of the house and grounds, the formation of artificial water, flower
gardens, etc.; with remarks on rural architecture. With two sup-
plements by H. Winthrop Sargent. Handsomely illustrated, pp.
592. Royal 8vo. Price, J6. 50, by mail, postage free.

The above ivork is now out of priut and when the few
remaining copies at present in stock are disposed of no more can
be had. Those who wish to secure a copy of this valuable work
whde the chance is yet open, should speak at once. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

ANEW BOOK I pg^ Try x?^ 'w^^^^Hir^

NOW READY. | X Tl Ed XXwOXL^

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
istics, etc., of the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, SI. 25. Address,

CHAS* H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

lortyiBricaflSylTa

5 vols., 15(i colored plates,, in liO parts:

In parts, unbound $60 00

" Halt Turkey Morocco, antique gilt 70 ro

" FuU " " " 75 00

" Cloth, gilt top 8S 00

Address, CHAS. H. MAUOT,

8H Chestnut Street, Phila.

Its History, Culture, Classification and Nomenclature.

BY F. W. B0RBIDQE,

Curator of Trinity College Botanical Gardens, Dublin. 102
pages. Octavo, cloth. Price, SI. 50 ; by mail, post-paid.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut St., Phila.

GAOTAGEOUS PLANTS

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Ciistlc, fornierly of the Royal (iardous, Kew.
Ifi mo, cloth. 93 pages with "numerous illustrations. Price,
50 cents ; by mail, prepaid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Pliila.

By Edward Spragucs Rand, Jr.
A treatise on Hardy and Tender bidhs and Tubers. 369 pages, lamo,
cloth. Price, $3.50. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt o( price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

23

TOBACCO STEMS.

Southern tobacco stems possess nearly double the streugth
of Northern stems, taken from cigar leaf, therefore are
cheaper and better.

We are prepared to furnish best Southern stems in bales
or hogsheads, inanv quantity, for Farmers and Florists use.
In bales of 500 lbs. at S5.00 per bale, six bales for $24.00
F. O. B.

A discount will be made in large lots. Cash to accompany
Small orders. ts3

WM. S. KIMBALL & CO.

Peerless Tobacco Works, Rochester, N. Y.

Including a History of the Beet Root Sugar Industry of
Europe. Varieties of the Sugar Beet, Examination,
Soils, Tillage, Seeds and Sowing, Yield and Cost of
Cultivation, Harvesting, Transportation, Con-
servation, Feeding Qualities of the Beet
and of the Pulp, Etc., Etc , Etc.

BY LK\VTS S. WARE, C.E., M.E.,

Fellow of L'Ecole des Arts, Agriculture et Manufactures,
Paris ; member of American Chemical Society. In one
volume, octavo ; illustrated by 90 engravings. Price, «4.00
by mail, postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BEET ROOT SUGAR

AND CtTLTIVATlON OF THE BEET.

BY E. B. GRANT.

Including the Sugar supply of the U. S., History of Beet Root
Sugar, Supply of Beets, Cultivation, Cost of Beet Root Sugar in
France, Production in various Countries, Advantages, Method of
Raising, Harvesting, Preservation of Beets, Seed, Manures, Ro-
tation of Crops, Beet Pulp, Leaves of Beets, Profits, etc. i6ino.,
cloth, pp., 158. Price, $1.25. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,CHAS.H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa

PRACTICAL LESSOXS IX

Architectural Drawing;

Or, HOW TO MAKE THE WORKING DR.4WINGS AND WRITE

SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDINGS.

BY WTT.T.TAM B. TTTTHTT.T., A.M., ARCHITECT.

Illustrated by 3.3 full page plates (one in colors) and .33
wood cuts, showiuix Methods of Construction and Representa-
Hon. Scale Drawings, Sections and Details of Frame. Brick and
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ing the various forms of writing the same for dilferent
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mail, post free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. Phila.

AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

By Shirley Hibberd.
A handy guide to the construction and managementof plant
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mental greenhouse and conservatory plants. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages, cloth, 12mo.
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The Forester,

BY JAMES BROWN, LL.D.,

Inspector and Reporter Woods and Forests, Ontario. A
Practical Treatise on the Planting, Rearing and General
Management of Forest Trees. 5th Edition, Enlarged and
Improved. Profusely Illustrated. Royal 8vo, K Roan, pp.
898. Price, $10.00, by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St, PhUa.

Field Grown Plants tor Winter-blouming, SIS. 00 per ICo

Double Pearl Tuberose Bulbs

SIS. 00 and S18.00 per lOiX).

Splendid 3 year old vines, SS.OO each ; 6 for 810.00.
Sent by mail for 35c. eacli aiiditional.

Cuttings of the Niagara Grape 75c. per dozen ; S5.00
per 100 ; by mail.

Chas. T. Starr,

AVONDALE, CHESTER CO., PA.

PEAR CULTURE FOR PROFIT.

BY P. T. QUINN.

A practical Horticulturist, and author of " Money in the
Garden."

Containing practical method of raising Pears intelligently
and with best results: character of soil, best mode of preparing
It; best varieties to select under existing conditions; best mode
of planting, pruning, fertilizing, grafting, and utilizing the
ground before the trees come into bearing, and finally gathering
and packing for market Illustrated with practical cuts on
pruning and grafting, distance table and orchard record. 136
pages, 12mo. cloth. Price, 81. Sent by mail, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address.

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PRACTICAL HINTS

On the selection and use of the

MICROSCOPE,

Intended for beginners, by John Phin,
Editor of the Am. Journal of Microscopy. Fourth and en-
larged edition. Profusely illustrated; 240 pp., 12mo, cloth.
Price. 81.00. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address.
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Manual of Accidents and Emergencies,

Or how to avoid accidents and what to do when they occur,
with notes on the Preservation of Health. Compiled for the
ase of Teachers, Students, and the Industrial Classes,

By Geo. A. Groff, M. D.,

of the University of Lewisburg, Pa. pp 92, 12 mo. boards,
price 50 cents by mail post-paid.
Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

G^COLORADO^

AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.

Its Farms, Fields and Garden Lands.

BY WM. E. PABOR.

Illustrated, 213 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
81.50, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

CLASS BOOK OF BOTANY.

By Alfhonso Wood, A. M.
Being outlines of the Structure, Physiology and Classification of
Plants ; with a Flora of the United States and Canada. 832 pages,
8vo, half arabesque cloth sides. Price, ^3.50. Sent by mail post*
paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

24

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

mim CHERRY Al HORSE PLUM STOCKS.

strong and healthy, of our own growing. Large lot and low prices.
GRAPE VINES.— All the leading new and old sorts.

POCKLINGTON.— The largest stock in the country of this renowned and popular

variety. Now offered to the trade at very low rates to reduce stock.
BRIGHTON.— Our leading specialty. Extra nice vines 1, 2 and 3 years.

LADY WASHINGTON, JEFFERSON, ELDORADO, MOORE'S EARLY,
PRENTISS, EMPIRE STATE, and all the new sorts at low prices to the trade.

ts. H. E. HOOKER CO., 100 Park Avenue, Rochester, N. Y.

HEIGELA FLORIBUNDA,

CRIMSON WEIGELA.

THE flattering success this beautiful Weigela attained the past
season, has induced us to largely increase it in numbers, and
we believe we now have the largest stock of it in the country. It
is more like a large erect Fuchsia, in color and form, than the
ordinary kinds, and has been called the "FUCHSIA WEIGELA"
by some people. We can offer it this season at very reasonable
rates to those who desire to buy in quantities to sell again.

For full description see our CATALOGUE for FAXL of 1885,
which we will mail free to all applicants.

lEEHAlf'S UMSEEIES,
Cermantown, Philad'a, Pa.

IftTayside FloiArers

Being a compilation ol thirty-one of the beautiful plates from "Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States" and 128 pp. of text

Author of "Tlie Native Flowers and Ferns of U. S. ;" Professor of Vegetable Physiology in Penna. State Board of
Agriculture ; Editor of The Qakdener'S Mokthly ; Vice-President Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila.

This work is ajipropriate for AN ELEGANT PRESENT. Splendid p.Tper and typography ; Bound in fine clotli,
berilled boards, gilt edges. The balance of ttie edition for sale at retail only. Only a few more copies left.

Sent by mai postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

A popular review, containing chapters on Orchid Life,
Orchid Flowers, On^hid Mysteries, Orchid Homes, Uses of
Orchids, History of Orchids, Value of Orchids, Hybrid
Orchids. By Lewis Castle (Author of "Cactaceous Plants").

Opinions. — .Sir Trevor I,awren(te, Bart , iH.P. : "A useful
little book." Baron ScbiOdcr, The VvM Staines: *'Ihave
read your essay upon Orchids with the greatest interest.
I consider it most instructive, and of great use to amateurs."
R. I. Lynch, A. L.S,. Curator of the Cambridge University
Botanic Garden ; " Your Orchid Review i.s a success. The
selection of matter is most interesting, and there could bo
no better introduction for the use of visitors to the Orchid
Conference than this little book."

12mn, fiO pages, 13 illustrations. Price HOc, bv mail.
Address: CHjVS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

CRANBERRY CULTURE.

BY JOSEPH J. WHITE

Kinbodying in plain and concise manner all the useful and
practical facts which study an<i experience have yielded to
the inquiring Cranberry grower of the present time. 126
pages, 12 mo, cloth, fllustrated. Price, post-paid 81.25.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St.. Phila.

Farm ImpTements and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE.
with explanations ot the laws of motion and orce as ai.plied on the
farm, with over 300 ilhisirations by John J. Thomas; ncw.ind
revised edition, 312 pages, la mo, cloth, price f 1.50; mailed postage
free on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street. Phila

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

25

SHIPPER'S PRIDE PLOM.

BUDS NOW READY of this Valuable Market Plum.
Order from Headquarters. Send for descriptioD
and price of buds,

H. S. WILEY,

Cayuga, N. Y.

A NEW BOOK.

HORSES

THEIR FEED

THEIR FEET.

A manual of Horse Hygiene, invaluable for
the veteran or the novice, pointing out the
causes of "malaria," "glanders," "pink eye,"
"distemper," etc., and how to prevent and
tounteract them, by C. E. Page, Sl.D., with a
treatise and notes on shoeing by Sir George
Cox and Col. M. C. Weld. 150 pages i2mo,
paper, 50 cents, extra cloth, 75 cents.
Mailed on receipt of price Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., PhHa.

DRAINAGE FOR HEALTH,

OR

Easy Lessons in Sanitary Science.

By JOSEPH WILSON. M.D.. Medical Director U. S. N.
pages, octavo. Copiously illustrated. Price ^i.oo, mailed^
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE WILD GARDEN;

Or, Omr Groves and Shrubberies made Beantifnl by the
Naturalization of Hardy Exotic Plants.

By W. ROBINSON, F. L. S.
With Frontispiece. 236 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, ^4.00.
Mailed postage free, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

Rosa canina, Best Quality!

Rosa canina, 1st quality, ready for grafting, per 1(I0()..$4 50
" " 2d " next suinuier, '* ..250

.id " ti> traii.splant, " ..125

Crataegus oxyacantha. for hedges :

•2 years, 1 to 2 ft, per IIWO S2 00

1 year, ^ to 1 ft. " 12.5

1 " ,',^toJift. " [tau4] 60

J. HEINS, Halstenbek, near Hamburg, Germany.

Omeiilal ^Mmg ^ kwmm

A Treatise on Beautifying Homes, Rural Districts, Towns
and Cemeteries. By Elias A. Long. 381 pages, 12 mo, cloth.
Illustrated. Sent by mail prepaid for 82.00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut Street, Phila.

A Complete System of Book-Keeplng for
Farmers, Planters, and Gardeners.

BV A. L. CAMPPIBLD.

Every one should keep a strictaccount of all business transactions,
»nd thereby save much trouble that comes of neglect. This is a
plain, practical system of book-keeping, easily understood, and
especially adapted to the waiusof the Farmer. Full instructions in
each book Can be carried in an ordinary pocket; i8o pages,
bound in sheep-skin. Price 75 cents. Mailed postage free on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

The Goldfish and its Cuiture,

BY HUGO MTJLERTT.

It is intended in this book to furnish reliable information
for the propagation of the tish in this country and its

E roper management in captivity ; propagation and care in
sh ponds, atiuariums, &c.; enemies and diseases, and how
to combat and prevent them. 12mo, cloth, pp.108, illus-
trated. Price, $1.00, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

(OUT OF PRINT.)

A few more copies left at 50 cents. Mailed, post paid on
receipt of -price.
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMATEUR'S ROSE BOOK.

By Shirley Hibberd.

Comprising the cultivation of the Rose in the open i^round
and under glass; the formation of the Koaarium ; the charac-
ters of Wild and Garden Roses ; the preparation of the flowers
for exhibition ; the raising of new varieties ; and the work of
the Rose Garden in every season ofthe year. lUustrat'd with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages cloth, 12mo.
Price $3.00. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT.814 ChestnutSt., Phila.

FOR THE NATURALIST AND ANGLER,

DR. JAMES A. HENSHALL'S

BOOK OF THE BLACK BASS.

Comprising its complete Scientific and Ufe Historie^^, to-
gether with a Practical Treatise on Angling and Fly-tishing,
and a full account of Tools, Tackle and Implements.

Large 12ino. 460 pages. Fully Illustrated. Price. $3.00.
Sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of the price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa-

26

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

CHANCE SELDOM OFFERED

The Garfield Nursery

Situated at Garfield, N. J., 11 miles from New York, comprising 9 Acres^
I'ottage, Barn, Ac; (j New Greenhouses, 110x20, built on most approved pat-
turn; heated and ventilated by Hitchings', Steam Pump-tank, Ac. The
houses are all planted with the best varieties of young Roses. Everything in
Win bo 6old cheap and on reasonable terms. For further particulars address,

THOS. YOUWC, Jr., Wholesale Florist, II W. 27th St., New York City.

SECOND-HAND BOOKS

BY MAIL ON RECEIPT OF PRICE.

SPEAK QUICKLY IF YOU WANT THEM.

K^Say in your order, "Second-Hand List."

Allen's Domestic Animals

*' Rural Architecture

Ballet's Art ot Grafting and Budding

Beet Root Sugar, Grant

Bicknell's Village Builder & Supplement, Fol. (plates)

Brackett's Farm Talk

Breck's New Book of Flowers

Bridgeman's American Kitcheu Gardener

Butler's Family Aquarium

Choice Stove and Greenlujuse Plants, 2 vols., Williams

Coultas' Principles of Botany

Downing's Cottage Residences

'* Rural Essays

Ellwanger on the Rose

Emmon's Agriculture of N. Y., 3 vols. 4to, plates, &c.

Ferns of Kentuoky, Williamson

Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Gardener's Companion..

Fulton on Peach Culture

Gray's Macual of Botany

Guide to the Orchard, Floy

Half-hours in the Green Lanes, Taylor, Illustrated

Hariison Injurious Insects, colored plates

Hayne's American Farrier

Henderson's Practical Floriculture

Hey's Mrs., Sylvan Musings, '23 col. plates, full calf

HoEfey's .N. A. Pomologist (Dr. Brinkle) 36 col. plates,

Quarto

Hole's Book about Roses. Eng., Illustrated

Hoiiper's Western Fruit Book

Johnson's Garden's Dictionary

Klippart's Land Drainage

Lee's Mrs., Trees, Pl.ants A Fl'rs, col. plates, full calf.
Lee's Mrs^ Trees, Plants & Flowers, col. plates, cloth .
Liebeg's 'fumers' Chemistry, 1.394 pp.,8vo

8 7.5 1
1 00

7.5
1 00
650

50

1 45
50
50

2 50
50

1 2.5
385
1 00
15 00
1 50
1 00
1 25
1 7.5
1 00
1 75

5 50
25

1 00
500

snO

3 00
1 00

50
I .50
1 '25

6 00

4 .50
3 50

layman's Cotton Culture

>fac Donald's Food from the Far West

Merrick's Strawberry Culturist

Mcintosh's Orchard, with colored plates

Minot's Land and Game Birds of New England, Dl'd..

New American Gardener

<^n-hid (Jrower's Manual. Williams

Paul's Roses and Rose Culture

Paxton's Hort. Register, 2 vols, in one (1831-18.33)

Philadelphia Business Directory, 1884, Boyd

Prince on the Vine

Prince's Pomological Manual

R.andairs Sheep Husbandry

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden, cloth

" " " K tky, gilt edges

Riddell's Architect, folio, 14!'jXl7J^ (col. plates)

Si'lect Ferns and Sycopods, Williams

Stewart's Stable Book

Studies, by J. A. Dorgan

Talpa, or Chronicles of a Clay Farm

Taylor's Bee Keepers Manuel, Illustrated

The Plant, a Biography, 5 col. plates and 13 wood eng'a

Thompson's, The Food of Animals

Thomas' Fruit Culturist

Todd's How to Make Farming Pay

Turner's Cotton Planters Manual

Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler

Waring's Elements of .\griculture

A\'il Hams' Window Gardening

Woodruffs Trotting Horses of .\merlca

Y oung Angler 111 ustrated

1 10

2 00
50

3 00
2 SO

75
2.50
•25
1 00
75
75
76

1 25
225

2 SO
10 00

1 50
1 25

75

75
1 50
250

75
1 75
200
1 10
1 50

75

1 25

2 00
75

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Ph

PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

Book for Beginners with the Microscope, Pliin, boards, fully Illustrated 8 .30

Cements and Glue, Phin, stiff covers .S5

Chemical Histoiy of the Six Days of Creation, Phin, 12mo, cloth 75

Common Objects for the Microscope, Wood, 400 Illustrations, lli colored plates 60

Diatoms, A. Mead Edwards, 12mo, cloth 75

Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements, Brown, Eleventh Edition 1.00

How to Use the Microscope, Phin, 86 Engravings, tinted paper, 12mo 1.00

Lectures in a Workshop. Pi-nihcrton, I2ino, dnth 1. 00

Micro.scope and Its Kcvfl;iiintis. < 'arpmtfr, pp. H.S2, cloth, 26 plates, 500 Engravings fi.50

Microscopical Examination of Orinking Water, McDonald, Svo, cloth, 24 plates 2.75

One Thousand Objects for the Microscope, Cooke, 12 plates, SOU figures, 12mo, boards 50

ponds and Ditches. M. C. Cooke, I2mo, cloth 75

Section Cutting: To Prepare and Mount Sections for Microscope, Marsh, 12mo, cloth 75

Shooting on the Wing, by an Ohl Gamekeeper, 12mo, cloth 75

"" ' ' " " '' ''3 Uses, Hodgson, cloth 75

Steel Square and Its Uses, Hodgson, cloth.
Mailed, po.st free, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

The Scientific Angler' inicag dam Biri MM

Being a general and instrunive work on Artistic Angling.
By the late David Fosteb.

Tontaining the habits and haunts of fish, bottom fishing
(general), i>ike fishing, spinning for trout, worm tisliing for
trout, grub fishing for grayling, piscatorial entomology, on
lly makingj ny fishing for trout and grayliug, live fly and
beetle fishing, notes on the month tor lly fishing, salmon
and sea trout fishing, about hooks.

Pp. 2-17. Illustrated. Clotli. 12mo. Price, post-paid, $1.50.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

By JOHN MORTIMER MURPHY,

Autfior of Sporting Adventures in the Far West^ Rambles in
Northtr/'st Atuericn, 77ie Ztxtfrn;!/ ami Resources o/ Ore-
gon and Wa-thini/fon Tcrrid/ry. A Search for the
Mountain nf ihlld, llw Furc.ster of the Ardennes^
Adventures in the Wilds nf Florida^ etc. ^ etc.
Handsomely Illustrated. 347 pages. 12mo. Cloth. Tinted
Paper. Price, S2.00 by mail, post paid. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

27

New Edition— Just Published.

The Ameiican Ffuit Cultufist,

Containing Praotical Directions for tlie Propas^ation and
Culture of all Fruits adapted to the United States,

BY JOHN T. THOMAS,

1st Pres't Fruit-Urowers' Society of Western N. Y.; Hon-
orary Member Mass. Hort. Society ; of Penna. Fruit-
Growers' Society : of the Hort. Society of Indiana,
etc., and for .30 Years a Practical Nurseryman.
NEW .\ND REVISED EDITION.
Illustrated with 519 fine wood engravings. In one hand-
some 12mo volume of .593 pages, bound in extra muslin.
Price, $2.00, by mail, free of postage, .\ddress,

CH.'VS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

I

LANGUAGE SERIES.

A new system on the most simple principles, for Universal
Self-Tuition, with English pronunciation of every word.
Revised Edition,

Bound in paper,

German at a Glance,

Boards .ii cents.
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Boards 35 cents.
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Boards ;io cents.
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Boards 3-5 cents.
Mailed, postage free, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.

Bound in paper.
Bound in paper.
Bound in paper.

Price 25 cents.
Price 25 cents.

Price 25 cents.
Price 2.5 cents.

Phila.

^TEACHING^

AND .SELF-TEACHING BY

NATURAL METHODS.

cts.

The New Botany, by Prof. Beal. paper. Price 25

Industrial Education in the Public Schools, by Prof.

Straight, paper 15

How to Use Wood- Working Tools. l)y Geo. Leonard

Chaney, cloth 50

GUIDES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING.
Published under the Auspices of Boston Society of

Natural History.
No. I — About Pebbles, by Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, paper 15
n— Concerning a Few Common Plants, by Prof,

Goodale, paper 25

in — Commercial and other Spc>nges, by Prof. A.

Hyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

IV— First Lesson in Natural History, by Mrs.' Eliza-
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Prof. A. fiyatt, Idustrated, paper 30

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MolluskSj by Prof. A. Hyatt, paper, 111 35

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XII— Common Minerals and Rocks, by Prof. W. O.

Crosby, paper .35

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AND THE GAME
WATER BIRDS

Of the Atlantic Coast and the Lakes of the United States.
By Robert Barnwell Roosevelt. With a full account of
the sporting along our seashores and inland waters and
remarks on breech loaders and hammerless guns. Illus-
trated and with a portrait of the author. Cloth, 12 mo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of S2.00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HAl-BOOK OF PLAITS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet ooaiprehensive Dictionary ofPlants.
Asa book of reference it will take the place for al) practical
purposes, of the expensive and voluminous Kuropean
werks of this kind. Has been written with special view to
the wants of the cliiuate of tht» United States, both in
matUirs of propagation and culture. Instructions for cul-
ture of many important plants, such as the Rose, have been
given at length. Scope of work einhraces botanical name,
derivation, Linnaean and natural orders ol all leading
genera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
time. All important species &nd varieties with brief In-
structions for propagation and culture. A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or common
names. Arrancment ol book is alphabetical, and any
plant can be qnickly referred to undfi scientitlc or com-
mon name. Index is addtO where impurtaut plants or
modes of culture can be referred to at ouce. Also compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical terms, with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, Are
paper, bandsoiutly bound in cloth. -Sent by mail, postage paid,
on receiptor price, 8S. 00. Address

CHAS. H. ]VL\ROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOUSE PLANS FOR EVERYBODY,

FOR VILLAGE AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES, COSTING

FROM $250 TO $8,000.

By S. B. REED, ARCHITECT.

Including full descriptions, and estimate in detail of matenal, labor,
cost, with many practical sugf^estions, and 175 illustrations; 243
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, 81.50 mailed, post-paid on receipt of
Price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE SCHOOL GARDEN

BY DR. SCHWAB, DIRECTOR OF THE VIENNA GYMNASITM, ETC.
FROM THE GERMAN BY MRS. HORACE MANN.

Advocating education by labor as well as by study, not as a task
but as a delight. Adapting the kindergarten principle to older
children. In France and Sweden it is no longer an experiment.
School gardens in city and town are destined to be a great educa-
tional force in America. This book, full of spirit and enthusiasm, will
materially hasten the day. Price by mail, 50 cts. each. Byexpress,
5 copies for ;f2.oo, 12 copies for ;^4,oo. Sent on receint of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

MANUAL of the APIARY.

By A. J. COOK,

Prof.of Entomology in the Michigan State Agriculturikl College

286 pp. Iarge12mo.; 112 Illustrations.

Itcoioprises a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology
of the honey-bee, illustrated with costly wood engravings— the
Products of the Honey-Bee; the Racei of Bees ; full description
of honey-producing plants, trees, shrubs, etc.. splendidly illu-
trated — and last, t bough not least, detailed instructions for the
Tariou 8 manipulations necessary in the apiary.

This work is a masterly production, and one that no bee-
keeper, however limited his means, can afford to do without. It
Is fully up wiih the times on every conceivable subject that In-
terests the apiarist. It is not only instructive, but intemsely in-
teresting and thoroughly practical. Within 20 day after thia
work was issued from the press, 600 copies were disposed of— ,a
sale unprecedented In Bee Literature. Price, 81.25. Mailed
post-paid, on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Pbila

itoiial of Botany of tlie Nortlierii UEitei States.

By Asa Gray.

Including the district east of the Mississippi and north of Carolina
and Tennessee. Arrajigcd according to the Natural System. Illus-
trated with 2P pia»-o 01 Sedges, Grasses, Ferns, &c. 703 pages,
Svo, half-arabesque cloth sides. Price, $2.2$. Sent by mail post-
paid on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

28

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

WATERMAN'S "IDEAL"! MPPS eAiiyiAT®R

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It is the simplest, cleanest, readiest and most
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Price, SG.On.
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inch in diameter. It takes a No. 7 or 8 gold pen. Price,
S6..5n.
Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are long tapering " Desk " holders ol
same sizes and prices as Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5 respectively.

PRICES OF HOLDERS WITHOUT PENS.

Nos. land 7 $2 25

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No. 6 3-50

The length given is with the pen ready for the pocket;
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The prices given are for well-tinished 14 carat gold pens
of the smallest size suited to the holder ; IC carat gold pens,
or pens of the larger sizes, cost from 50 cents to SI. 00 more.
The 16 carat pens are of extra finish as well as quality and
are well worth the difference in price. The gold-mounted
holders cost from 50 cents to 81.00 more, according to style.

Silk and Plush lined morocco-covered cases for Nos. 1
and 2 are furnislicd for 50 cents extra.

In ordering holders it is better to send a sample steel pen
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In ordering holders with gold pens complete and ready
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both coml)ined as a fountain pen, to give satisfaction on

thirty days' trial or the money will be returned. Address,

CHAS. II. MAROT, 811 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Simplifies the art of Reckoning, and is worth its weight in
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the CORRECT answer to nearly 100,000 business examples in
all kinds of grain. Stock, Hay, Coal, Cotton, Merchandise,
INTEREST, Wages, Measurements of Lumber, Logs, Cisterns,
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Lands, Carpenters', Plasterers', Bricklayers' work, etc. It
also TEACHES entirely new, easy and practical RULES
for RAPID business calculations, which even a child can com-
prehend. It is neatly printed and bound, and is a ready
and LiGUTNiNG Calculator, Memorandum, perpetual Cal-
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mon diary in similar binding. 72 pages and 60 pages addition-
al of blank memorandum.

No. 1, Eng. Cloth, plain, with memorandum. 8 .50

No. 2, " with slate, pocket, flap and mem. .75

No. 3, Full Leather, " " " 1.00

No. 4, " Morocco, " '* " 1-25

No. 5, " Russia, " *' ** 1.50

No. 6, " RussiaCalf," '* *' 2.00

Nos 3, 4, 5 and 6 have renewable diaries. Nos. 5 and 0
are gilded. Sent paST paid, on receipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

-BARRY'S-

Fruit Garden.

pen.

NEW EDITION,

REAHSED AND BROUGHT DOWN TO DATE BT

P. BARRY.

Illustrated, pp. 516, tine cloth. Price, J

at;e free. Aihiress,

!.50, mailed, post-

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestimt Street, Fhlladelphll

KEEPING ONE COW.

Being the experience of a number of practical writers, in a clear
And crnd-:nsed form, upon the

Management of a Single Milch Cow.

[llusir.Ued, i;S2 p.iges, cloth, t'rice, 31.00, mailed, post-paid, on
eceipt of price. Addre<;s,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

INSECT LIVES ; or, Born in Prison,

BY JUX.IA P. BALLARD.

A practical book for tlie Children, tending to interest
them in Natural History through this attractive branch of
it. This book answers in a natur.al manner the <iucrics :
How shall we interest children 7 How shall we jnost inter-
est them ? How shall we best interest them. 97 pp., square
r2mo, cloth, profusely and handsomely illustrated. Trice,
$1.00, by mad, post-paid. Aildress,

CHAS. H. M.VROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Ilesigned to afford Information coneerninK the I'lanting
and Care of Korest Trees for Ornament or Profit ; aiul giving
■■suggestions upon the Cre.it ion and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest licuellt for the Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and (Joudittons
of the United states.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, PH.D..

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

Large 12mo, pp. 3,S1. Numerous Illustrations, $2.00. Will
be sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of price. Address,

CBAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut St., Fhll».

THE HORITCULTURAL ADVERTISER.

29

TALKS ABOUT FLOWERS.

BY MRS. M. D. WBXLCOME.

"The author chats of flowers in a very entertaining and
Instructive manner. Many valuable hints are given to
amateurs respecting the sowing of seeds, rooting of cuttings,
window gardening, Insects on plants, etc., etc." — Concord
Monitor.

Pp lia ; octavo, cloth, 81.00 ; paper, gilt, 60 cts. mailed, pos^
paiu, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAa H. JL\ROT. 8U Chestnut St., PhUa.

PRACTICAL

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise on the Propagation and Culture of the Camellia Ja-
ponica, by Robert J. Halliday. Illustrated with Five Colored
Plates and SO Wood Engravings. 12mo, pp- 141, cloth. Price, $2.00
Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

POCKET MfiGlTnllS.

No. .3014. Price, SO cents.
HARD KDBBEK CASES AND FRAMES.

No. 3010 1 dbl convex lens, oval shape

" 3011 1

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" 30r2>^— 1

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" 3013J^— 1

" 3014 2

" 3014)^—2

" 801,') 2

" 3015}^— 2

' 3016 1

•' 3017 1

" 3019 2

" 3(120 2

" 3022 3

" 3023 3

" 3024 2

" 3024>i— 3

"(see cut)"

" 1>I & 1'
bellows shape.

■^

.30
.40
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia

APPLBTON'S

Aiiericai Cyclopftia.

New Revised Edition 16 vols. Large Octavo Volumes. e?ch

volume containinK over 800 pages, fully iUustiated with several

thousand wood engravings, and with numerous colored Litho-
graphic Maps, the whole costing the piiblishe-s a sum exceeding
l&OO.OOO, exclusion of Paper, Printing and Binding,
Prices and Styles of Binding:

Extra cloth, the 16 vols., for Z 80 00

Library leather, " " 96 00

Hall Turkey Morocco, i6 vols., for ii? 00

Half Russia, extra gilt, " " 128 o«

FuURussia, " '' 16000

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A UNIVERSAL LIBRARY IN ITSELF.
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CHAS. H. MAROT 814 Chestnut St.

" p& H
" K to :

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^' ?-stoH
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medium power at other end 1.25

Order them by numbers. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
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814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

WINDOW FLOWER GARDEN.

By Julius J. Hhintich,

Handsomely illustrated. This work endeavors by afewsimpte
directions for the management of plants and flowers in the window
or conservatory, to show to all members of the family, and especial-
ly the children, that the cultivation of flowers is not difficult, and
brings more real enjoyment than many more expensive amusements.

Itis intended for all, including children, excludingtechnical terms
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street. Phila

THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

BY JAMES HOGG.

A complete guide to the cultivation of Vegetables, containing
thorough instructions for Sowing, Planting and Cultivating all kinds
of Vegetables ; with plain directions for preparing, manuring and
tilling the soil to suit each plant; including also a summary of the
work to be done in a vegetable garden during each month of the
year. 137 pages, i6mo, cloth. Illustrated. Price 50 cents; sent
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Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL AZALEA CULTURE.

A TREATISE on the PROPAGATION and CULTURE

OF THE

AZALEA INDICA,

BY ROBERT J. HALLIDAY.
Illustrated, 110 pages, 12mo, cloth, price, J'2.00. Mailed, post
paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. UAROT, 814 Chestnut St., FUla.

FRUIT AND BREAD.

A Natural ami Scientific Diet.

BY GUSTAV SCHLICKBYSEN.

Translated from the German by M. L. Holbrook, M. D. Intended
to show what is the natural food of man ; to lead him to become a
living child of nature ; to simplify and beautify his manner of living;
to emancipate woman from the drudgery of the kitchen; to lead to
increased use of fruit; to diminish the use of flesh, and where
possible, to do away with its use altogether ; to improve the health
and add to the enjoyments and value of life. Cloth, 250 pages ; la
mo, illustrated. Price, $1, Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhiU

30

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

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HOW TO PROPAGATE

GROW^RUIT

BV CIIAS. A. GREEN.

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64 pages
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HOW TO READ

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HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowers in the Garden and the Housbi giving
directions short, sharp and decisive how to overcome every insect
enemy that infects flowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors,
which troubles window Gardens : which eats up the vegetables of
the garden; which devours the fruit trees, shrubs and vines, and
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HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa Gray, M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structural Botany^ with a Popular
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233 pages, large 16mo, half-arabesque, paper sides. Price 81.25.
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HOW TO RAISE FRUIT

By THOMAS GREGG.

A Hand-book of Fruit Culture, being a Guide to the proper Cul-
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" FARM HOMES,

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By E. H. Leland
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CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 ChestDat St.. Phila

Subtropical Garden;

Or, Beaaty of Form in the Flower Garden-
By W. Robinson, F. L.S.
Beautifully illustrated. 241 pages, tsmo, cloth. Price, ^3.75
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO PAINT.

By a Practical Painter ; for the use of Tradesmen,
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of every description ; Formulas for Mixing Paint in Oil or
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Full Directions for Using White Lead, Lamp-Black,
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HOW TO HUNT AND TRAP.

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Containing full instructions for hunting the BuflTalo, Elk, Moose'
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HOW THE FARM PAYS.

77ie Experiences of W years of Successful Fanning ana
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WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

Profusely Illustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
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HOW TO LAY OUT A GARDEN.

By Edward Kemp.

A general guide in Choosing, Forming and Improving an Es-
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HOW TO MANAGE BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS.

By Edmihs'd Wriglet,
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MUSHROOMS

For the MILLION, a Practical Treatise on the cultivation
of the MOSl PROFITABLE out-door crop known.

BY JOHN WRIGHT.

Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. 104 pages. Price, 50 cents, by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPROVEMENT,

BY WM. ROBINSON.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, 76 cents
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CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnat St., Fhllac

32

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Index to Advertisements.

Send orders early as possible. Changes of copy must be in
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must be in by IBlh. For Advertising Rates see 2d cover page.

Achelis Geo., West Cbester, Pa 12

Allen W. is., New York 18

American Florist, Chicago 19

Atherton Geo. W., Centre Co., Pa 12

AuKur P. M. ASons, Middlefleld, Conn .12

Benz Albert, Douglaston, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Blanc A., Philadelphia 6

Brinton W. P., Christiana, Pa 11

Bloomington Nursery, Bloomington, Ills 6

Boehmer Louis, Yokohama, Japan 6

Cowen N. & Son, New York 32

Cranston's Nursery and Seed Co., King's Acre, Eng 13

De Winne O. Burnevich, Ghent, Belgium 22

Dillon J. U, Bloomsburg, Pa 13

Dreer Henry A., Philadelphia 17

Dutchess Nurseries Co., Poughkeepsie, N. Y 11

Eastern Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia 11

Elliott Benj. A., Pittsburgh. Pa i

EUwanser & Barry, Rochester, N. Y 22

Exeter Machine Works, Boston, Mass 4th cover page

Farquhar A. B., York, Pa 11

Fergusson David & Sons. Philadelphia 15

Gav & Co., New York 11

Hailock V. H., Son & Thorpe. Queens, N. Y 18

Heikes W. F., Huntsville, Ala 6

Heins J., Halsteubek, Germany 2.5

Henderson Peter & Co.. New York 3

Henry C. C, Greenville Tenn 11

Hitchings & Co., New York 5

Hooker H. B. Co., Rochester, N. Y 24

JenkinsJ., Winona, Ohio 6

Joosten C. H., New York 15

Kimball Wm. S. & Co., Rochester, N. Y 23

Krelage E. H. & Son, Haarlem, Holland 21

Landreth D. 4 Sons. Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

Mahoney Jas. D., Saco, Me 19

Marschuetz & Bacharach, Philadelphia 4

McAllister F. E., New York 32

McKean Ed. S., Ashland, O U

Meehan Thom.is, Germantown, Phila 4,16,24

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass 11

Munson T. V., Denison, Tex 11

Myhus A. D., Detroit, Mich 12

Nielson Hans, St. Joseph, Mo 19

Parry Wra., Parry, N. J.. 6

Parsons R. B. & Co., Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Parsons & Sons Co. Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Plentv Jos., New York and Phila Fly-leaf page 2

Pratt Bros., Rochester, N. Y 12

Baoux C. New York 6

Reeser ' harl^-s A., Springfield, 0 11

Rendle Arthur E., New York Fly-leaf page I

Rdlker August 4 Sons. New York 3, 8

Sanl John, Washington, D. C 13, 14

.Schmidt J. C, Erfurt, Germany 21

Schultheis Bros., New York 6

Seal "Thomas F., ITnionville. Chester Co., Pa 15

Slocock Walter, Woking, England 18

Smith David. Boston, .Mass 7

Smiths, Powell & Lamb, Syracuse, N. Y 12

Stewart Wm. J., Pliiladelpliia and Boston 11

Starr Charles T.. Avondale, Pa 23

Stillwell Chas. R., Gravesend, L. 1., N. Y 11

Storrs & Harrison Co., Painesville, 0 8

Straiton & .Stonn, New York 15

Studer Nicholas, Washington, D. C 14

Swain R. A., Philadelphia 9

Taber W. B. & W. M., Detroit, Mich 17

Thorburn J. M. &Co., New York Fly-leaf page 1

Van Geert A., Ghent, Belgium 16

Vanhome, Grilfen & Co.. New York Fly-leaf page 2

Vaughan J. C, Chicago, 111 Fly-leaf page 2

Wallem & Son, Ledeburg, Belgium 13

Weathered Thomas W., New "fork 10

Welch Bros.. Boston. M.ass 11

Wiley, H. H., Cayuga, N. Y 25

WilksS., Chicago, Ills 8

Young Thomas, Jr., New York 11, 26

~ MAY KING, Best STRAWBERRY.

EARLY CLUSTER. BEST BLACKBERRY.

ALL OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

Comet and other PearTrees,&c.
JOHN S. COLLINS,

MOOUESTOWN, N. J.

SITUATIONS WANTED,

Advertisements under this head must be paid for in advance, witu
the order, at rate of $i.oo for each 36 words per insertion.

PRACTICAL gardener and florist; British : 3 years Ameri-
can experience, wants engagement. Canada or Baflt
preferred. Will not correspond nnless wages offered are
stated. Gardener, Mr. Burke's, 41 i 21st St., St. Joseph, Mo.

A PERMANENT situation in a large establishment, either
nursery or florist, by a Swede ; single, 30 years, steady
habits, good refeiences. Gust. Malinquist, 120.5, 9ta street
N., Minneapolis, Minn.

AS gardener, Scotch, thorough in gentleman's or florist's
place. Roses, hot and cold grapery, greenhouse, land-
scape, flower, kitchen garden ; 15 years' experience ; good
references. A. White, Leslieville Nursery, Toronto, Can.

BY first-class man, commercial or private. Understands
the business thoroughly, every detail. Many years' ex-
Serience. Good references. Emil Helberg, lOU Third Ave..
'. Y. City.
BY a thorough practical florist, well used to growing and
making up, a situation where cut flowers lead. Good
rose grower. J. B., Rochester, N. Y.

BY a Scotchman who thoroughly understands his business
in all its branches. Address, Alex. Kelly, Lake Wac-
cabuc, West Chester Co., N. Y.

BY practical florist, foremanship ; 15 years' experience \ for-
cing Roses, Bulbs, Lily of the Valley, making up designs.
&c. Sober, trustworthy, single. Florist, Wilmington, Mass-

BY a first-class rose grower. Has been at the business for
several years, and can give first-class references from
Mr. John Henderson, his late employer. Address Robert
Stewart, 1808 N. Grand Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

A GARDENER OF ACKNOWLEDGED ABILITY in every depart-
ment of his profession. SkilUul propagator and forcer
of flowers for winter cutting and vegetables and fruits under
glass. Seeks a responsilde position with first-class commer-
cial establishment. Address, Horticola, care of Sam'l Feast
&. Sons, Florists, .56 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Md. au2

A Rare Chance.

A man who can invest from $10,000 to $15,000 in one of the
best establishments, business well established, large paying
tiade, good stock, 2.5 large complete houses. Everything
in the very best shape. A practical man preferred. For
particulars write to

A. NEUNER,

lionisville, Ky.

F. E. McAllister;

Seed Merchant and Importer,

No, 22 Dey St., Bet. Broailway anfi Clinrcli St.,

NEVr YORK,

READY FOB PELIVERY—

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.
LILIUM LONGIFLORUM HARRISII.

READY FOR DELIVERY SEPTEMBER let—

A Limited Stock of Home Grown Lilium

Longiflorum . Prices on application.

i^BEFORE BUTING GLASS.-- ESTIMATES

•MHOA/A3H '-XS Tt'^X? -^05 g

(!)

'xos ^ Ka:A\.oo 'K

M

t 'saaa-iioH 'sasnoH-ioii "sanasivso -^

Every Woman

HER OWN FLOWER GARDENER.

BY DALSY EYEBKIGHT.

Illustrated. 148 pages, small Svo, cloth. Price, Sl.CO ; by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

[One-fourth full size.]

THE MINERAL INKSTAND,

Composed of twenty dilieient mineral?-, jtetriliictions, crys-
tals, fossils, and ^eins of the groat Rocky Mountain regions
of Wyoming, Colorado and other parts of the Far West,
comprising gold, silver, copper and iron ores, agates, ame-
thysts, topazes and other precious Clones, of rainbow hues.
Tlie natural and brilliant tints of the various specimens
make it a cabinet of rare beauty. It combines instruction
with utility, and is an epitome of the mineral wealth of the
*•■ Rockies." A splendid ornament for the desk, shelf or
table, or a novel and lasting gift to a friend. Sent, post-paid
forS2.50 on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

WORKING MAN'S WAY TO WEALTH.

By Edmxjnd Wrigley.

A practical treatise on Building Associations, ivhat they are, and
hotvto use th^nt. 108 pages, i6mo, cloth. Price, 7"; cents. Sent
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

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ISssay on Roses.

BY MRS. M. D. WEI..LCOME.

Paper, pp. 24. Illustrated. Price, 15 cents.

Mrs. Wellcome wTites with entluisiasm, and from a
thorough knowledge, and a considerable exi>erience. All
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little monograph inteiesting aud suggestive." — Boston
/oui-riaJ.

Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

UHAS. H. MAROT, SU Chestnut St., Phila.

BY JAMES VEITCH.

JEmhraci7\g : J'art I,— General Review of the Order.

Fart 11. — Synopsbs of O'eiier-i, Spfcies and Varieties.

J'ail IlJ.—The Pl'mting of Co/nferce.

This work hysreceived the hij^h enconiumsof the English
and French Honicultural papers, an<l the Gakdeneks'
MONTULY, as being: trustworthy, pi-actical, attractive, scien-
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Ml ('(miferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete
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With numerous wood-cut plates and letter press illustra-
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mailed, postaf^e fiee. Address.
CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent for U.S., 814 ChestnutSt., PhUa.

ROSES AND ROSE CULTURE.

By Wm. Paul. F.R.H.S.
The rationale of Rose cultivadon in a nut-shell. Intended to
place within a small compass all that is necessary for the successful
cultivation of the *' Queen of Flowers." 83 pages, i2mo, paper-
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814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

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Greenhouse Heating a Specialty.

Hot Water Heating, Steam Heating, and tlie combination of Steam and Water.

Fr&clical Tasiiigrinif and Homs hn^m,

Together with General Information for Sportsmen.

By JOSEPH H. BATTY,

Taxidermist for the H »ydcn Expedition and other GovernmcDt
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AT THE OLD NURSERIES OF

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Younp; and thrifty plants of the best FLOWERING
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FINE HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, 1 year SIO per 100

" '' '■ strong, 2 years, 18 "
CAMELLlftS.l to2feet .' 15 "

CLEMATIS, tine sorts 25 "

HYDRANGEA PANICULATA, CHINESE AZALEAS, AMOE-
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Atliiress,

BOX 603, FLUSHING, N. Y.

BY. R. WARINQTON, F. C. S.

A most valuable Work, which should be in the Hands of
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Red Flowering Dogwood

AND OTHER NOVELTIES.
Kissena Nurseries.

Trees and Plants.
Parsons&SonsCc,

Flusiiing, N. Y.

ftf

TOPICS.

GARDEN

AND

FARM

BY PETER HENDER.SON.

Embraces within its scope the following subjects : Popu-
lar Bulbs and their culture.— Window Gardening, and Care
of Plants in Kooms.— Propagation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
ing in Winter.— Greenhouse Structures, and Modes of Heat-
ing.— Formation and Renovation of Lawns. — Onion Grow-
ing.—How to Raise Cabbage and Cauliflower.— On the Grow-
ing and Preserving of Celery.— The New Celery, " White
Plume." — Strawberry Culture.— Root Crops for Farm Stock.
—Culture of Alfalfa or Lucerne — Manures and their Modes
of Application.— Market Gardening around New York,—
The Use of the Feet in Sowing and Planting.— Popular
Errors and Scientific Dogmas in Horticulture.— Humbugs
in Horticulture. — Draining. Cloth, 12 mo, 244 pages, price
J1.50 : by mai', post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Art of Propagation.

A Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and Evety-
body, 82 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 25 cuts, price 80
cents. Mailea, postage free, on receipt ol price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 ChestnulSt.Pfaila.

EDITED BY THOMAS MEEHAN.

Vol. XXVll. No. 322.

(Combined Magazines, Fortieth Year.)

OCTOBER, 1885.

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

m

"s^iipi'''

^^i^

v,'^

^.x d

[Biitered at the Post Office, at Philadelphia, Pa. , as second-class matter.]

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

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Eleven " " 1.60 3.15 2.65 3.75 4.80 8.55 16.15

Xwelve " " 1.50 3.00 3.50 3.50 4.50 8.00 15.00

Twelve lines nonpareil is % col. A less space than % c<^l. will l>e furnished at same rate per line as % col.
For space on FLY-LEAF and COVER PAGES, also FIRST PAGE advertisemeuts facing last reading page, 20 per
cent, advance on above rates will be charged.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

CONTENTS OF THE OCTOBER NUMBER.

SEASONABLE HINTS :

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.
COMMUNICATIONS :

2sy

Manettia cordifolia

Gas Killing Trees ;

Amaryllis in the South

Dark Hybrid Perpetual Roses

Cottage Gardening at Upland, Delaware Co., Pa....

Fagus purpurea tricolor

Cactuses ,

Propagating from Blindwood

Rose Cultuie

Dieffenbachia Weirii

Chrysanthemum Fly

Insects in Cabbage Roots

Culture of the Blueberry

Succession of Forest Growths

Letter from Paris

Our Lady's Garden

American Pomological .Society

Florists' Convention Notes

The International Exposition at Antwerp, Belgium.
Apparently Different Ideas Amongst Business Men.

EDITORIAL NOTES :

Gardening in New Brunswick, Can. — California
Palm — Fine Sugar Maples — Rose, Lamarck-
Perpetual Polyantha Rose 294-295

The Short Crop of Strawberries— Pear, William
Fuller— Fig Culture in Florida — Cherries from

California— Alpha Peach 302-303

The Wood of Thuja gigantea, and of Cupressus
Nutkaensis — Forestry in New Hampshire —

200
2iU
2! 1:2
2!I3
293
291
296
297
21)8
298
299
302
.302
30.')
310
312

318
319
320

Forests and the Water Supply— Wood for Cigar

Boxes 306-308

New Races of Flowers — Sources of Nitrogen in

Plants 308-309

A Monument to General Grant — Where to Locate
— Free Distribution of Seeds by the Govern-
ment—Poverty Weed — Randolph Peters— Mr.

Hitchings- The American Florist 313-311

American Pomological Society — The Florists'
Convention at Chicago 320

NEW OR RARE PLANTS :
Amasonia punicea

300-301

SCRAPS AND QUERIES:

Dark Flowering Cactuses— New Single Tuberose
— Rhododendron Culture — Rye Grass for Lawns

— Bleeding in a Norway Spruce 295

Flowering of Cactuses — Flow Pipes in Hot Water
Boilers— Will Warm Water Run Down Hill ?—

Disease in Coleus 299-300

Running out of Varieties of Fruit- Grapes in
Valley of Virginia— Small Berries on Lindley

Grapes— Lutie Grajie— Capers 303-30*

Finding Rare Plants— Mistletoe on the 0.ak —
Change in an African Marigold 309-310

FLOWER GARDEN A PLEASURE GROUND. 289-295

GREENHOUSE AND HOUSE G ARDENTNQ 296-301

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDENING 302-304

FORESTRY 3n,'i-.i08

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE .308-310

LITERATURE, TRAVELS & PERSONAL NOTES 310-314
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES 3ir>-320

Fly-leaf.]

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER,

Daffodils,
Roman Hyacinths,
Lilium Harrisii,
Lilium Candidum,
Lilium Auratum,
Lily of the Valley Pips,
Dutch Hyacinths,

« ■

Tulips,

i^wm liili

Prices to the trade upon aiii>ln aticn tu

In large varieties, expressly for Florists' Use.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

t»12

15 John Street,

New York.

Conservatories, Greenhouses, Graperies,

&c., ERECTED IN ANY PART OF THE UNION. GLAZED ON

Rendle's Patent Acme System

WITHOUT PUTTY.

1 -

'^:-«.

^^^Sim_

-^iJT _Sf'

r'ic

?IoI;TIrrLTUi;AL llALi., .N F:\\' t )K1.KANS.

ERECTED AND GLAZED BY ABTHUR E. RENDLE OF NEW YORK.

Gold and Silver Medals -were awarded to two model Conservatories,
Exhibited at the World's Exposition, New Orleans.

Estimates, Plans, Illustrated Catalogues, on application to

ARTHUR S. RKNOI^X:,

each

16x20,

au6

HORTICULTURAL BUILDER AND HOT WATER ENGINEER,

2 WALL STREET, NEW YORK.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

[Fly-leaf.

OUR OWN IMPORTATION. TRUE TO NAME AND COLOR. SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

D. IiANDRXZTM c£ SONS,

21 Sc 23 S. Sixth St., and Delaware Ave. and Arch St., Philadelphia.

FORCING ^
^ BULBS

Liliuri] Sandidun?, - -
Paper White Narcissus,
Ron?an Hyacintlis, - -

Per lOOO

■ $40.00

• 20.00

• 30.00

AND ALL OTHER FALL BULBS IN QUANTITIES.

Taughan's Autumn Oatalogne is the handsomest ont. Write for it and get special rates for lots

J. C. VAUGHAN, CHICAGO.

JOS. PLENTY,

HORTICULTURAL ARCHITECT and BUILDER

Contracts taken for all kinds of Greenhouses, Conservatories, Planthouses or Vtnrkies of Improved
Construction, to be erected complete in all parts of the United States or Canada. Portable Conservatories a
specialty. Prices from S235.00, each securely jiacked and shi^iped f. o. b. to any partof the Union. Send for illustrated
circular. Correspondence solicited from all parties desirous of information or about to build. Architect's designs carried
out with great care. OFFICES : 144 Pearl Street, New York ; 6 South Merrick Street, Pliiladelphia. jel2

For GREENHOUSES, GRAPERIESTcONSERVaTORI ES,
HOT HOUSES AND HOT BEDS.

VANHORNE, GRIFFEN ifc CO.,

IMPORTERS OF FRENCH WINDOW GLASS. ALSO AMERICAN WINDOW GLASS, u.it
131, 133, 135 & 137 Franklin St., New York City.

NOW READY FOR DELIVERY.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCKIPTION.

Price 86.00 per Interleaved Copy, by mall post-paid.

SUPPLEMENT A.— A sei>arate work, witb Nurserymen,
Seedsmen, Florists anil B'riiit Growers of England, Ireland,
Scotland, Wales and Channel Islands. If taken witli the
Horticultural Directory, Sl.OO additional per copy. If with-
out it, 81 .">0 i)er co|)y.

SUPPLEMENT 6.— Also a separate work, of Nurserymen,
Seedsmen and Florists of Austria, Bavaria, BelKiuni, Den-
mark, France, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Russia, Saxony, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, wurtem-
berg, Brazil, India, Japan, Austr.alia. New Zealand and
South Africa. Price, if taken with Hortiiultural Directory,
81.00 additional. If separate, $1..50. The 3 together for SS.oO.
Address, CHAS. H. MAItOT, HU Chestnut St., Phila.

SCOTT'S

NURSERlAi'S DIRECTOR!

CURRENT EDITION.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
Tree Dealers, &c., for the United States. Alphabetically
arranged by States and Post Offices. .S72 pages, if vo. Price,
$10.00. Mailed post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., PhUa.

Grand Collection of all the Best Varieties, embracing the latest Novelties, Separate and in Mixture. Strictly First
class Seed only. Send for New Seed Price List, i.ssued AUG U.ST 1st.

812 ^^' ALBERT BENZ, Pouglaston, W. Y.

49- SEE FIRST PAGE FACIJNO COV£R.-e»

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Wholesale Price List for Florists

OF

BULBS«^ PLANTS

FOR

WINTER FLOWERING

NOW READY amp mailed free om application |i|OW ready

PETER HENDERSON&CO.

SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS,

35 & 37 Cortlandt Street,

NEW YORK.

August R6lker:^Sons

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

Seeds, Bulbs i#^ Florists' Supplies.

Price Lists mailed free to the trade on application, when business card is enclosed.

WAREHOUSES at No. 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK.

For Letters, Address P. O. BOX 899.

.^^., FIR TREE OIL

<^ Dubuque, Iowa, May 13th, 1885.

' C' Messrs. Aug. Rolker & Sons, N. Y.:
tU Dear Sirs— I have some Fir Tree Oil yet, but will need more after awhile; wo

CJ have almost annihilated "Mealy Bug" here, our greatest pest, generally. I dilute

g one jiart in fiiiteen hot water and it combines at once and is certain death to the bug.

'/tr I find it good for cleansing foliage as well as an Insecticide.

■ • Yours, W. A. Harkett.

To be bought through any respect.able Seed House in the larger towns.
In half pint bottles at 50 cts. Smaller battles, 25 cts. each.

For larger quantities address,

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS,

The Sole Agents for America. p. O. Box 899, or 44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

SURPLUS STOCK

I50 NIPHETOS 3-IN. POTS

300 " 5 "

200 CATHERINE 'MERWIETS 3 "

300 " " 4 *'

200 " " 5 "

SOD SOUVENIR D'UN AMI 4 "

lOO 6 "

100 PERLES 4-IN.

200 CORNELIA COOK 4

lOO " " 5 '

lOO BON SILENE 4

100 " " 5 '

100 " " 6 '

POTS

All the above Roses are extra strong and in splendid condition, being grown especially for Winter flowering.

POTS

500 ASPARAGUS TENUSISSIMUS 3-IN.

200 " " 6 "

300 ADIANTUM CUNEATUM 6 "

lOOO VIOLETS MARIE LOUISE «S- WRITE FOR PRICES, -m.

Roman Hyacinths, Candidum Lily and Paper White Narcissus ready September 1st. Lily of the Valley in

November, Prices very loTV,

" Wli I I AM PRANPIQ RCNMirTT " I have obtained from Mr. Evans the exclusive agency for the
TVILUIMm rnMIIV/IO UtllllCI l. sale of this celebrated Rose in Western Pennsylvania. Circulars
and price list on application. I will deliver the Roses in Pittsburgh and vicinity free of express charges. Before order-
ing Bennertts it will pay to correspond with me. I have the finest and bealthiest stock of this Rose in the country.

AMI- RIP AN RPAIITY New Forcing Rose. This supei'b Rose is comparatively unknown, as the intro-
Mlflunii/MIl OtnU ' ' J ducers liave not advertised it at all, but in tlie opinion of the best Rose growers it
is equally ae valuable as the celebrated "Bennett" though not conflicting with it in any way, being entirely distinct in
color and sh.ipe. The ".\inerican Beauty " is somewhat like "Countess of Oxford" in shape of rtoweVj but larger, and
has the true Hybrid fnigrance. The color is a deep glowing carmine, and it is wonderfully free flowering— every shoot
producing a bud. For Winter flowering it will be very profitable for years to come, as its splendid flowers will always com-
mand high prices. All the principal rose growers have already purchased it largely. 81.25 each, !S12 ^ doz., S76 ^ 100.

BENJ. A. ELLIOTT, 54 Sixth St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

MARSCHUETZ & BACHARACH,

25 NORTH FOURTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.,

IMPORTERS OF AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

Bouquet Papers (Italiens), Pasted Cartons,

Immortelles, Dried Grasses and Flowers,

Ornamental Crass Bouquets, Mosses,
Wire Desisns, Tin Foil,

Swiss Moss and Fancy Baskets.

—MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF BASKETS FOR FLORISTS*-

Illustrated Catalogue free on application. Orders will receive careful attention and prompt shipment. apl2

FMWii mmi

IllQI

All

We now offer the following seeds at the annexed prices, PER BUSHEL,
are good, plump, fresh seeds ; and of extra choice quality :

Mazzard Cherry $ 5.50 Apple $ 5.50

Horse Plum 7.00 Apple, French Crab 10.00

Myrobolan Plmu- • 15.00 Pear Priced later on.

STOCKS.

We can supply any of the following stocks, and will give prices on application :
Apple, Mazzard and Mahaleb Cherry, Pear and Plnm.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES, Cermantown, Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Qreenhouse ff eating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

Base-Burning Water Heater

Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLEECKBR STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.
Fivesizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES -

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS,

IN GREAT VAKLETT AND AT

IMPROVED

Sash-raising apparatus.

I Lifting-Rods foi Sashes,

£tc., £tc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Cata-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877. logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

ROSES
ROSES

SPECIAL OFFER ol fine THREE YEAR OLD BUSHES, fit for torciug, or Market
Sales for the Trade. Grown for one year in this country; extra size nlants.
Tune of delivery, on and after Firsl"of October. Received FOUR FIRST PRE-
MIUMS at CLINTON HALL FOR CUT FL(J\VERS OF THEM. ALL BUDDED.

ROSES
ROSES

Old Cabbage, rose color, very large Per 100 $ 9 00 | La France, soft silvery rose Per 100 JIO 00

Moss Centilolie, soft rose, extra well mossed ......-—..-

Imperatrice Eugenie, silvery rose, extra

Gloire de Dijon, yellow with oran^^e

Marie Van Honite, yellow with pink

Mme. Lombard, bright red with salmon

Niphetos, 4-inch pots, j)ure white

JIareschal Niel, golden yellow

Mrs. Bosanquet. flesh color

Bouv. de la Malmaison, white centre, blush, H. P

Anna Alexietf, fresh salmon, forcing

Anna de Diesbach, fresh rose, "

Baroness Rothschild, delicate salmon, forcing

Captaine Christy, flesh color, extra

Comtesse Oxford, bright carmine, forcing

Crim.son Redder, lirilliant crimson

Duchesse de Vallombrosa, blush, s. flesh

Eliese Boelle, pure white, very double

Emperor du Maroc, red, shaded velvety black

General Jaquemiiiot, velvety red

Fisher Holmes, brilliant scarlet

Jean Rosekranz. coral red, extra

John Hopper, silvery rose

Jules Margottin. cherry red

9 00

11 no

12 00

12 no
12 no
12 on

12 00

10 on
10 on

10 00

in on
10 00
in 00

10 00

10 00

10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00

10 00

10 00

10 no

La Reine, dai'k rose, very large

Mabel Morrison, pure whit^ *'

Mme. Gabr. Luizet, satin rose "

Mme. Ijacharme, pure white *'

Mme. Marie Finger, bright flesh color "

Mme. Victor Verdier, carmine red "

Mdlle. Annie Wood, bright red, extra "

Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier, satin rose and salmon "

Magna Cliarta, bright carmine rose *'

Pierre Notting, dark chestnut brown *'

Prince Camille de Rohan, dark velvetj' carmine,

almost black, extra *'

Senator Vaisse, red, shaded velvety "

Paul Neron, deep rose, best out-doors "

Xavier Olibo, dark velvety crimson. NEW "

Mme. Montet, H. P., delicate rose with lavender.. "
Merveille do Lyon, H. P., pure white; best white

rose in and outdoors "

Etoile de Lyon, Tea, sulphur yellow, extra "

Gloire I.,yonnaise, H. P., pure yellow '*

Standard Tree Roses, 1 to 3 ft., extra plants "

Extra size .Mar.-sluil Niels. 3 to .''i ft. high. S1..50 each, S15 ft 12
All the Roses Offered are Extra Fine tor Flowering Out-doors.

10 00
10 00

\t^
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00

10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00

18 DO
12 00
20 00
35 00

Fresh Pansy Seeds collected from Exhibition Flowers just arrived. ' , oz. $2 ; }., oz. $3 ; 1 oz. $5. Seed guaranteed first-class

tjll2

P. O. Box 78.

COLLEGE POINT, LONG ISLAND, N. Y,

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

NO.
P. O. Box 2956.

Established In 1857,
236 I>EA.K.T^ STREET.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES : ^^^ OTB. l^lty .

Ussy, France.
Ussy, France.
Qrisy-Suisnes, France.

V^,SvT^^^ '^^'*'^^'^^'^i-'''v''''=<'''-™'^"^°'l'^'<'"St. Haarlem, Holland.

T Wr A ■lTTIl;^•'^,5'^,*v,?P„ ^v-'^"''*'"'>™<'"' Seedsmen and Florists, .... Dundee, Scotland.

i'SX■^X;^5^,5'TVSr*xf ^^'^^ Nurserymen and Florists, Ussy, France,

LENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussv France

PIERRE .SEBIRE. Nurseryman and Florist,

<;0CHET-AUU1N ct Fll.S. KoseCirowers,

S^P^.^^'ri^?'.'';',"'^^ FILS AINE, Florist ; New Gladioluses, Roses, Paeonias, etc., a specialty, Paris.Fr'ance'.

™tf,^J^f?,^"J„''.'/?S'*'k"''"^*"<'^'<'''"'f P'a"'^'' specialty, Nancy, France,

I-KANLIh RKl!Ul<.(v, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - OUioiiles, France.

<.. PLATZ * SONj Seedsmen. ---...-... Erfurt Prussia

ERNESTRIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nuraerymen, Seedsmen and Florists,
whose Catalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution

jal2

A.. BI^^A-NC

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVEK FOR FLORISTS,

SEEBSMllNANIJNCRSERlMEN

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plantations, Young Everi^reens, Stocks, Grape

jir f «,T 'mmense Stock.

Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen
10.000 Electros for above. For sale ! Lo*cst Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free

rlnaj). Semi 25c. lor l;ir»e illustrated
Ii'iok ami (li'ilmt frmn 1st cider. No
one c;
for New wori

loinnete with me in prices
work. ftf

TO CUT FLOWER GROWERS.

T3nn¥ADTlTAC! -*• "euner, Pres. Garfield, Davidsonii,
IjUU VilllLllaiJ Elegans, Bride, K8 and «10 per 100.

CARNATIONS **-- CARNATIONS

£dwardsii. Crimson King, Lady Emma, La Purity,

Fhiladelphia, Jtc, ,&c.. perfectly healthy and strong*

stocky plants, field-grown, MS and !Sio per 100.

Large orders and personal inspection s'tlieitcd.

HARRY CHAAPEL, Williamsport, Pa.

ORIENTAL PEARS!

;^ li'iths. LeConte loi.i Kieffer

1 . ..Ts,,iiti,.n ..«Mi ij.; Bartlettiind

"rlur p-rus i.n !,.-(•,, nt.- i....ts; Peen

To ""ii Honey I'.^..Ims; Russian
Apricots "II phiiii ; Peaches <>i»
plum .111(1 i,st,.,i Russian Apples.

Ciilalofiru*?. with fjii-ts, fr,-,.. A l.irtri' nntl

Ki'm-i;ii assort iiicrit, nt Fruit Trees.

A.lilnss W. F. HEIKES, MaimniT,
llnnl.Tlllo Niimerli.., H untSVille, Ala.

sO

mhi

J. JENKINS,

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

LOUIS BOEHMER,

EXPORTER OF

NOS3. 4. 5

Prices on application.

I
<Sc 28

[fl2]

,&c.

BI-XJFF,

YOKOHAMA. JAPAN.

600 ACRES.

13 GREENHOUSES.

TREES^PLANTS

\\c "(Ter for the Fall Trad o a Inrpro and fine Btock of
every description or Fniit anfl Ornanicntal Trces.SlirubH,
K..S.-S. Vines, Small Fruits. Jlc-d^'e nunfK. Fruit Tree
S.r.Iiintrs luid F<irest Treo Sceillitiirv, Frleed Cata-
lofe'iii-. Fall IKSr., mailed free on aiiplieatinn. Address

« BLOOMINGTON (PHOENIX) NURSERY, c

ESTABLISUED 18.M. BLOOMINGTON, ILL

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Qreenhouses, Grajieries, Conservatories, JProiKigating Souses, For-
cing Pits, Public and Private Buiidings, Schools, Drying
Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths,

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks. Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows* Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

86 BEVERLY STREET,

myl2 BOSTON^. IVIASS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

W'LKS' CIRCULATING STOVE

(0

<v

u.

o

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0)
CO

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~>

CO

o

CO

O

3

I

O

3

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CO

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X

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DO

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&3 CD

m 00

O "^
■ 3-
I

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5'

I

Manufactured by S. WILKS,

Send for Price List. .j,, s. W. Cor. Monroe and Clinton Sts., CHICAGO, ILL.

TUr TDAnC will find the largest and best Tlir TDAnC
I riL I nMUL assorted stock of all kinds of | rl L lllMUL

FLOMSTS' REQUISITES

Such as Bouquet Papers, Immortelles, Everlastings, Moss, Milkweed Balls, Pampas
Plumes and other Ornamental Grasses, Wire Designs for Cut Flowers, Baskets, plain
and fancy, etc., also a full line of choicest Florists' Seeds and Forcing Bulbs, all at
reasonable prices, at r.tf

-A.XJGXJST ROI.K:B:Ft <5c SOM^S,

Address P. O. Box 899. ^44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES

SMALL FRUITS, BULBS, SHRUBS & ROSES

SPKCIAI, ATTKNTION IS CALLED TO <>( It KK.UA If K A lll.^ I'l.Ni: .STOCK Ol"

STANDARD AND DWARF PEARS

GRAPEVINES:

' Including HUch)<indH as NiiLK<tru..l<'NNiru, Flll«

«a- ALSO '^J|r\^^| Bb W i I ^ ffmT*J '''*''' ^"''''- W'"'H, yriuiiM'H It. IIuvim. etc.

PriceBrednoed to Btiil till- limes O.rriwpondonco noliiitod. (Vitnl.ij;,!,. !(>,.„. Tliirliclb Year. Six Iliiii<lr<>d ,\iTdl.

tL^ZfZZ THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. Painesville, lake Co., Ohio.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

They are Guaranteed to he the Most Powerful, J>tirahle and Eco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Country.

"We are also mannfactaring all the various sizes of MYERS*
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &c
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price List.

R. A,. SWAIN,

1173 South Ninth Street,

THOS. J. MYERS, Manager.

aptf

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

10

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

InproTN Boi Water Mers

■F"OFl KEZ/^TirO^G--

GmeiloiiSBS, Graperies, CoaserTatories, PropaptiDi Uses, &c,

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No. 46 Marion Street, New^ York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dU

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

II

BXJSIN£:SS DIFtECTOFtY.

H.

B^ Send For Circular and conditions of insertion under this heading."®8l
S. ANDERSON, Fruit Trees. Small I THOMAS MEEHAN

Fruiis, Roses, &c , Union Springs, N.V. Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil,

GENERAL BULB CO.,

land). N.Y. Agency,

Vogelenzang (Hol-
19 Broadway, myi2

D. 0. MUNSON, Apple Seedlings. Munson
Hill Nurseries, Falls Church, Va,

J. M. RULIFSON. Fruit & Ornamental
Trees, Vines & Small Fruits, Mobile, Ala.

A WHITCOMB, Bedding and Greenhouse
Plants, Lawrence, Kansas,

Wm. J. Stewart,

—WHOLESALE DEALER IN—

CUT FLOWERS

as? FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,

67 BroxnUold St.,

BOSTON, MASS. ,.

TREES AND PLANTS

Norway Maple, 10 to 16 feet ; ditto, 7 to 9 feet : rtitto,
3 to 6 ft., "for Nursery'i'Cn. 8u<z;;ir Majde. 10 to l(j It. Norway
Spruce, 132 to 7 ft., lar^e stock. Balsam Fir, 2 to 7 ft. Si-
berian Arliorvitae, I}., to 4 ft. Reid's Golden Arborvitje, IJ^
to 3 ft. Carnations and Calla Lily, strong plants for Winter
forcing. Nursery and Greenhouses within two minutes'
walk of Christiana Station, on P. R. R. Send for prices.
s3 W. P. BRINTON, CbriHtiaua. Lancaster Co., Pa.

APPLE STOCKS.

I oflFer First-class Apple Stocks at lowest
rates. Also Plum Trees on Plum Roots.

L. KAUFFMAN,

IOWA CITY, IOWA.

Carnation Plants

Strong t^eld plants, grown especially for winter flowering.
500 Srailax, 4-in. pots. Prices low. Send for list. ,

WM. SWAYNE,

P.O. Box 226. KENNETT SQUARE, PA.

p ^J«fcl*% Iris Germanica, Herbaceous

Al'l'LY Tu 02

JOHN CURWEN, Jr., Villa Nova, Delaware Co., Pa.

TOBACCO STEMS,

In bales weighing 500 lbs. eacli, at 96.00 per bale, or three
bales for *12. 00.

TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board of boats or cars.

°i2 Straiton & Storm,

204-208 East 27th St., New York City.

GEO. MULLEN, Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off Sohool St., near Parker House,) BostOD, WlaSS.

Flowers carefully packed ami shipped to auy part of the
country. iSend for"Price List. Special rates on rej.;ular lots.
Orders bv mail, telejiraph or ex]jrcss promptly attended to.
luniiorteiles, Ininiortelle Lettering, Wire Designs, Coil Wire
Tinfoil. Bleached Wheat, Match Sticks, Tootlipicks, con-
stantly on hand and sold at lowest wholesale rates. (Por-
nierlv'with W. J. StewartJ tdl2

alargetot^tfirst-class
Apple Seedlings For Sale.

Price per lOOO, _ _ - $4.50

50,000, - - 200.00

100,000, - - 350.00

D. O. MUNSON,

MUNSON HILL NURSERIES. FALLS CHURCH, VA.

BOSTON TEA ROSES

Carefully packed and shipped to all points in Western and
Middle States, at lowest Boston market iirices. Price list
of Flowers and Florists' supplies sent on a|>\iIication.

WELCH BROS.,

n2

WHOLESALE FLORISTS.
165 Tremoiit Street, Boston, Mass.

THOMAS YOUNG, Jr.,

WHOLESALE

LiilSf

No. II West 27th Street,

NSIW YORK.

.^CHOICE ROSES A SPECIALTY.-ffia

I

sl2

£&

Wm. Francis Bennett, out of 2-inch pots, S6.00 per doz.

(Quotations furnisheil .at Iflu rates.
13 Best Varieties of Double Petunias, SI tor the full set.
30 Best Varieties of Verbenas, 1S2.50 per 100.

Casli with order from unknown correspondents, or satis-
factory reference.
012 DE WITT BROS., Bristol, Pa.

W W V^ lwl#^l" for our bu.'ilr

S.3

•SALARY
J $35 to $30

' for our business lu hef
locality. Responsible house. References ex*
clianged. GAY &■ CO., 14 Barclay St., H.Yol

London Gardener's Chronicle

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers in tile U. S, for
1S6.35 per year Apply to

CHAS. H.MAROT, Agent, 814 Chestnut St., PhiU.

12

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THE EMPIRE STATE GRAPE

FOR FALL OF 1885 AND SPRING OF 1886.

M'e are now preixired to offer tbis Celebiated New White Grape to tlie general trade without restrictions as to

1-year, Very Strong,
1-year,
-years.

propagation, at the following prices :

$ 60.00 per Imndred.
$500.00 per thousand.
$ 80.00 per hundred.

NURSERYMEN AND DEALERS issuing Trade Lists, are invited to cinote Empire State in their lists for the
eonnnt; Fall and Spring. We make the usual allowance to the Trade on all orders amounting to $25 or more.
DEALERS AND AGENTS will find the Empire State a splendid specialty in their trade, and we shall be pleased
to supply all such with Plates, Circulars and Vines, at tlic lowest prices, and new testimonials as fast as issued.

t83

PRATT BROTHERS, Rochester, N. Y.

Hyacinths,xTulips,xCrocus,

LILIES and all BULBS and PLANTS,

For AUTUMN PLANTINii in the open ground or Conservatory.

EOEOINl} BULBS EOB. ELOEISTS' USE.

Roman Hyacinths, Narcissus, Early Single Tulips, Lily of Valley,
Lilium candldum, Harrisi and longiflora.

The best quality only furnished at moderate prices. Descriptive price list free to
amateurs. Wholesale price list mailed free to Florists.

HENRV A. DREER, Seedsman and Florist,

714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

C, F. A.

29, 31 &, 33 Park Place,

NEW YORK CITY.

HVACINTH OR BULB CLASSES

I'l various shapes.

Carnation Plants

RAISED FOR WINTER BLOOMING.

Hinze's White I^IT::J"::Z

bursts stem. Stocky, planted in open P'ai" and Decorated Crocus Pots,

field lOth Anril- nnt nffftptpiH hvHroiiDht Bee Hives and other shapes. Jardln-
neia, iutn April, not attected bydrougnt, .^^^ ^j,^ ^^ without China Decorated

$8 per 100 ; $70 per 1000. Terms cash. Pots. Bouquet Tubes and Glasses,

- -^ »«v#i iiir^ ^"1 • A Vases, Ac, for decorating tables, as

Aa iJi IVIYLIUS, Florist, vtfell as other ornamental goods for

flower dealer and gardener.

DETROIT, ]M[ICII. ■ (.-atalooues on ArrLicAxioN.

The Flowering Plants,

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF

GREAT BRITAIN

And their allies, tlie Club Mosses, I'epperwortft and

IIMIOUS TO FEUITS.

By Wm. Saunders, F. R. s. c.

Horsetails.

I By ANNIE PRATT,

n^iiina, O.I fn M. «!]■.-„!<' n..n,„/...o »r A .«„ „„ o „ „i .,. i ' ^ols. oct.ivo, clotli, (lilt. Slil fiill coloretl plates. Illnstra-
ueciicated to the Print Growers of America. 8 vo., clotli, «,,„ i<iif ui.<.<.i<.a Ho-m-o.i witi, in,i,.'.'in m.o, v.>i uoifi, i,.,ii,ii
pp. 436. Illustrated with 440 Wood Cuts. Price J4.00 by ' ?' "? ' , ■VT',,?,n .'J,^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^' ^

mail, post-paid. Aildrews,

CHAS. 11. MAIIOT, 811 Chestnut Street. Phila

aine rcfeirinp to plate, figure anil paper.
Price g;t2..'><) sent post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. AIAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

13

Indian Azaleas.

CAMELLIAS an.l RHODODENDRONS Immense Stock of
the Best Varieties, splciulullv covcrud with liower buda
every veai Best Varieties nf PALMS -.md ORCHIDS per 100.
HERBACEOUS and TREE FERNS a .specialty, consisting of
600 varieties, .\pplv t.i

WALLEM & SON,

tjH Ledeberg, Ghent, Belgium.

CABBAGE PLANTS

LATE KI..\T DIITCII, I'OTTLKK'S IJEPROVED
BIU NSWKK and EARLY WINNIN6STADT, 91.60
per 1000; S12.00 per 10,000.

taiyi2 J. L. DILLON,

Seedsman and Florist, Bloomsburg, Pa.

TO IMPORTERS OF ROSES.

Cranston's Nursery and Seed Co., Limited,

IWTMMWWiB

PROPRIETORS OF-

Have over HALF A MILLION ROSE PLANTS for sale, and are prepared to book orders for delivery in the
FaU. All the leading varieties, suitable for forcing, can be supplied in large, as well as small quantities, as we grow
from 1,000 to 10,000 of each sort. Visitors to England are cordially invited to inspect our Nurseries, and we shall be
pleased to answer any enquiries as to the best and nearest route, &c. Before giving away your orders, write for our
Catalogues, which will be mailed free of charge. Special prices on application.

au4

CRANSTON'S NURSERY AND SEED CO., Limited,

KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD, ENGLAND.

Acer polymorphum
atropurpureum.

Japan Blood-leaved Maple.

'T^HIS beautiful Maple, although not new,
* is not known as well as it should be. We
offer it this year to the Trade at lower prices
than ever before, and can supply fine plants
for immediate planting on lawns or in the
nurery. Our collection of Ornamental Trees
and Shrubs is very extensive, and we will
mail our Catalogue on application.

lEEHAlf'S ITJESERIES,
Germantown, Philad'a, Pa.

Caraatioa Plants

I offer for sale Fine Thrifty Carnation Plants, grown in
field all Summer. Will be readv Sept. Send for Catalogue".

THOMAS F. SEAL,

ntf Unionvilie. Chester Co., Pa.

Hand-book of Useful Tables

For the Lumberman, Farmer and Mechanic, containing ac-
curate tables of logs reduced to inch board measure, plank,
scantling and timber measure ; wages and rent by week or
month; capacity of granaries, bins and cisterns; laud
measures; interest tables, with direction for finding the
interest on any sum at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 per cent, and many
other useful tables. Revised and enlarged edition, 182 pp.,
25 cents. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

New Gooseberry

"THE TRIUMPH."

A New American Seedling;. Very large
Berry, free from mildew. Great Bearer.

Offered to the public now for the first
time. $1.25 per plant, ^12 per doz.

s2

CEO. ACHELtS,

WEST CHESTER, PENNA.

FBUIT CULTURE

And the LAYING out and MANAGEMENT of a

COUNTRY HOME.

BY WM. C. STRONG.

205 pages, 16mo, cloth. Price, $1.00, by mail, post-paid.
AiUlress,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

u

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

CARNATIONS

Field'growu ; Good Plants of all the LeadiDgOld
Standard and Best New Sorts. 30 Varieties.

maris: LOUISE and SWANLEY WHITE.

CHRYSANTHEBIUMSi]

so New and ISO Older Varieties.

NEW DOUBLE WHITE DAISY

Excellent for Winter Blooming:.

Of all the Beat New and 'Older Bedding Plants*
Boses, &c»

Write for Catalogue and lowest prices.

Nicholas Studer,

mm\k p. 0., mmmi d. c. tsr.

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day Handlioolc for tiie Farm. Full
of Labor-saving devices and Home-made contrivances,
within the reach of all. Contains the best ideas gathered
from a score of practical men in all departments of Farm
Labor. 212 Illustrations, 240 pages. 12 mo, cloth. By mail,
post paid, for 81.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Being the experience of many practical writers. Bring-
ing together tlie devices that hundreds of housekeepers
have found useful in their own homes. The "Conveniences"
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
ing that they may lighten Vhe labor and "save steps" to
many an over-worked housekeeper. 220 Illustrations, 240
caees, 12 mo, cloth. Sent by mail, post paid, for S1..50.

Address. CHAS. H. MaROT 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

A MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BY ISAAC P. TILLINGHA8T.

Containing the experiences ot the author in starting all those
kinds of vegetables which arc most difficult for a novice to produce
from seed ; with the best methods known for combating and repell-
ing noxious insects and preventing the diseases to which garden
vegetables are subject. 102 pages, i6mo, cloth, price, #1.00,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H.MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS.

By a. S. Packard, Jr., M.D.
Also a Treatise on those iNJORioos and BeneficiaIj to
Crops. For the use of Colleges, Farms, Schools and Agri-
culturists. Illustrateil with 11 plates, and 650 wood-cuM.
702 pages, Svo, cloth. Price, $6,00. Sent by mail post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

(;HA8. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

NEW AND RARE EAST INDIAN AND OTHER

ORCHIDS*®!^

The undersisiied offers EAST INDIAN and other ORCHIDS

in large quantities, well established plants, as well as extra

large specimens. At prices much lower than they can be

purchaspfl in Europe.

ANGRi-ECUMS in variety; splendid plants.

AKIDKS— VirensEUisii^Lobbii, Roseum. Adoratum,Crassi-
foliuni, Crispum, Q,uinquevulnerum, Fieldingi, Ac.

CALANTHA3—Veitchii,Vestita rubra, Lutea, Nivalis, Ac.

CATTLEYA — EUlorado, Eldorado splendens, Superba,
Mos-siae, LeopoUlii, Mendelii, Trianae, AmetUystina, Leo-
poldii, Percivaliana, Imperialis, Maxima, Skinerii, Ac.

CYPRIPEDICMS — Oandatum, Concolor, Niveum,
Pierceii, Lawrenciana, Sedeni, Lowei, Spicerianum,
Argus, Ciliohire, RffizUi, Robelina, Ac.

DENDKOBIUM8— Aggregatum, Albo-Sanguineum, Bar-
batulum, Chrysanthum, Cretaceum, Chrysotoxum, Cras-
sinoda, Dalhousianum, Devonianum, Eburneum, Fal-
conerii, fimbriatura occulatum, formosum ^ganteum,
Luteolum, macrophyllum giganteum, Parisnii, Pier-
ardii latifolia Suavissimum, Wardianum, Dearii, Thy-
rsiflorum, Jamesaanum, Nodatum, Densiflorum,
Schrrederi, Ac.

IijELI AS— Aiiccps, Superbiens, Alba, Dawsonii, Perrinii, Ac.

LVCASTE SKINNERU— A grand winter-floweringOrchid.

ODONTOGLOSSUMS— Grande, Bictoniensis. Rossii majus,
PlKila-nopsis. Kramerii, Roezlii, Crispum, Pescatorea,Ac.

PH^LANOPSIS— Amabilis,SchiUeriana, CornuCervi,Ac.

SACCOLABICM — BUimei majus. Guttatum, Ampula-

ceum, Violaceum, Curvifolium giganteum, Retusem, Ac.

Masdevallias ; Tricopilia ; Vadas ; Barkerias ; Chysis ;

Coryanthes; Phaius ; Stanliopeas; .Sobralia ; Utricularias.

With many rare Orchids. Catalogue on application.

tau3

WASHINGTON, D. C.

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Being descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 46tJ
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, 82.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

By Chas. Darwin.

With copioua descriptive contents and index. Dlufltrated,
462 paties, hmo, cloth. Price $7.00.
8ynl by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Addresg CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMERICAN GARDENER'S ASSISTANT.

By Thomii.s Bridgeman.

Containing complete practical directions for the cultivation of
Vegetables, Flowers, Fruit Trees and Grapevines. lUustratud.
529 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $2.50. Sent by mail post-paid on
receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila,

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henry T. Williams.

Devoted specially to the (^dture of Flowers and Ornamental
Plants for In-door use and Parlor Decoration. Splendidly illus-
trated. 900 i)ages, med. 8vo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by mail
poBt-pald ou receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

IS

To Florists and Nurserymen.

^^^HH FOR FORCING NEXT WINTER ^^^^h

Lilacs, Charles X ^'"l Alba VirglnaliS, nice plants, (uUiv^ited in pots and 1 to 2 feet high, 8 to 20 branches,
C to 15 HowLT buds. 530, «40 and S50 per 100.

PrunuS sinensis floro pleno, nice plants, cultivated in pots, well set with flowers S30 per 100

DeutZia gracilis, nice plants for forcing and pot culture, G to 10 branches $60 and $60 per 1000

Spiraea Japonica, fine plants for forcing 830, HO and S50 per 1000

Camellias, assorted, 2 to 3M feet, bushy S50, S70, SOOandSlOOper lOO

Azalea Indica, nice plants for forcing S25, ;35, S50 and 880 per 100

Phormium Tenax, nice ornamenting plants for apartment 885,835 and 880 per 100

Aspidistra viridiS ami foil is variegatiS, fine plants for apartment 860 to $100 per 100

Araucaria excelsa (SOOO disposable), fine shaped, stout plants for apartment decoration, head cuttings and head
grafted plants, 8 to 10 in., $13 to 816 per doz.; 10 to 13 in., $20 to 886 per doz.; 18 to 25 in., $80 to 835 per doz.

Araucaria Bidwilii, extra fine, 3 to 4 feet $7 to 810 each

" imbricata, 3 years seedling, transplanted, 8 to 10 inches $80 per 100

" " 4, 5, 6 years, transplanted, 1.5 to 30 inches $40, 860, 880 and 8100 per 100

150,000 DISPOSABLE IN EVERY KIND

standards, fine 1 « 2 years, budded $150 ^ 1000

HaU Standards, 1 & t! " " fine 8135 "

Low Badded on Manetti, " $76 "

" ■■ on Brier Roots, " $100 "

" " " " Tea & Noisette vars..8120 "

Own Boots, 1 year 8650 ^ 10000

*' '• 2 years, transplantetl i700 "

" " 1 year, Tea and Noisette 8 70 IP 1000

" " 2 years, " " transplanted, $ 90 "

Orders must be sent directly to

Bengales, assorted, 1 year $300 ^ 10000

■' '' 2 years, transplanted 8450 "

Rose Stocks, Alanetti, Extra 8 70 "

" " " No. 1 8 60 "

'* " Brier Roots, 1 vear. Extra 8 50 *'

No. 1 $30 "

" " " " transplanted. Extra, $ 65 '*

No. 1..8 80 "
Catalogues printed in English will be sent on demand.

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), near Paris, France.

to6

Money Deposit sent to my Bankers, lUessrs. John Munroe & Co., Nassau Street, New York.

Established 1827

NURSERY STOCK

The OLD and
Well-kiiown

SYRACUSE NURSERIES

offer for the Fall of 188.5 .an
Uuusaally FINE STOCK

Standard Apples, Standard and Dwarf Pears and Plums

the growing of which they have made A SPECIALTY for years, and for which they have a NATIONAL, REPUTA-
TION. Also Sour Cllerries, Poclclington Grapes, Kilmarnoclc Willows. Camperdowu Elms, Roses, Stirubs, and

a general line of Nursery stock, both Fruit and Ornamental. *3- PRICES ON APPLICATION. "We issue no Price
L£t. Address s2

SMITHS, POWELL & LAMB, Syracuse, X. Y.

Architects'and Builders' Pocket Companion

AND PRICE BOOK,

By FRANK W. VODGES, Architect.

Consisting of a short but comprehensive epitome of Decimals, Duo-
decimals, Geometry and MensuratioD, with tables of U. S. Mea-
sures, strengths, etc., of iron, wood, stone and various other ma-
terials, quantities of materials in given sizes and dimensions of
wood, brick and stone, and a full and complete ^iV/ o/ pricts for
CarPtnUr work. Also, rules for computing and valuing brick and
brick-work, stone-work, painting, plastering, &c., 284 pages, i6mo,
cloth 81.50. Tuck, $2.00. Sent by mail postage free, on receipt of
price. Address.

CHAS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL HINTS

On the aelectloD and use of the

MICROSCOPE,

Intended for beginners, by John Phin,
Editor of the Am. Journal of Microscopy. Fourth and en-
larged edition. Profusely illustrated; 240 pp., 12mo, cloth.
Price, 81.00. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Addresa,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

PEAR CULTURE FOR PROFIT.

BY P. T. qUINN.

A practical Horticttlturist, and author of "Money In the
Garden."

Containing practical method of raising .Pears intelligently
and with best results : character of soil, beat mode of preparing
It; best varieties to select under existing conditions; beat mode
of planting, pruning, fertilizing, grafting, and utilizing the
ground before the trees come into bearing, and iinally gathering
and packing for market Illustrated with practical cuts on
pruning and grafting, distance table and orchard record. 136
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, 81. Sent by mail, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

FOR

YOUNG AND OLD.

The Cultivation of Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden,

BY JOSEPH HARRIS, M. S.

niustrated, 191 pages, 12mo, clotli, beveled boards. Price
81.25, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Cliestant St., Phila.

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

GREAT SPECIALTY! INDIAN AZALEAS!

inn nnn plants of an sizes and choicest varieties, ready for delivery in September, Prices on application,
lUUgUUU pacliingincUuleil, by tlie 100 or 1000. Also of Illi'iilodendrons, Ghent Azaleas antl Azalea mollis, [tmbtr

AUG. VAN GEERT, Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

N. B.— Orders sliould be sent at once to secure a good selection of varieties. TERMS : CASH WITH THE ORDER.

1838

POMONA NURSERIES

ESTABLISHED 1838.

1885

STEM WMMMMI

Has again surpassed all others, over 50 best varieties, at
POMONA NURSERIES,

And received three inoroKiKST premiums and two more
SPECIAL AWARD.sat Mnorestown, Viiielandand X. York
Strawberry Shows. Also the first premium and sweep-
stake PRIZE over all other new varieties at Providence,
R. I. Send for testiinonv from various States.

MARLBORO,

The Largest Early RASPBERRY.

WILSON JUNIOR,

The Largest Known BLACKBERRY.

''It is nearly a ireek earlier than Wilson's Early.^'~
Wilmer Atliinson in Farm Journal.

Selected berries measured 4^ inches in circumference
lengthwise by 3K inches crosswise, and produced more
than 163 bashels per acre.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

KIEFFER and LAWSON PEARS, GRAPES, CURRANTS, etc.

WILLIAM PARRY, Parry P. G., N. J.

MAHALEB CHERRY SEED

As every one knows, Mahaleb Cherry Seed dried in the pulp from Europe,
seldom grows to any satisfaction in America.

We make a specialty of offering fresh, clean seed, that have been preserved
from drying, and, being free of pulp, with many more seeds to the bushel. As
many as 100,000 plants have been raised from one bushel of our clean seed ; and
it is found very cheap at $25.00 per bushel.

Cermantown Nurseries, Phila.

Manual of Accidents and Emergencies,

Or how to avoid accidents and what to do when they occur,
with notes on the Preservation of Health, t'nmpiled for the
use of Teachers, Students, and the Industrial Classes,

By Geo. A. Groff, M. D.,

of the University of Lewisburg, Pa. pp 92, 12 mo. boards,
price 50 cents by mail post-paid.
Address, CHA8. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

GARDENING BY MYSELF

BT ANNA WABHEB.

Containing Hints and Experiences under beailing of each
month in the year. Illustrated. Uimo, 223 pages. Price, i)aper,
60c.; cloth, Sl.2.5. Sent my mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Adflrfiss

' CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

G^GOLORADO^

AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.

Its Farms, Fields and Garden Lands.

BY WM. E. PABOE.

Illustrated, 213 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
81.60, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

Chiefly such as are Caused l)y Fungi, by Washington G.
Sinilb, KL.S., M-.^.I. Member of the Scientific Commit-
tee of tlie Royal Horticultural Society. 143 Illustrations
drawn and engraved liy the author. 16 mo, 3o3 pages, Glotb,
price SI. 50, by mail post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

Special Offer to tie Mfi.

NOW READY.

A fine stock of DOUBLE PETUNIAS in tweuty-five
of the very best and choicest varieties, inrliuling many rare
and distinct novelties, sucli as tlie new fluted or frilled,
extra heavy fringed. &c.; &c., just the thing for stock
plants. We ofler strong 3-inch pots.

S1.50 per dozen ; SIS.OO per 100.

XHXXX

BELLA, BON SILENE, COMTESSE DE LA BARTHE,
COMTES.SE RIZ.\ DU PARC, DOU(;r,AS, DUCHESS DE
BRAB.VNT, CORNELIA COOK. ETOILE DE LYON,
ISABELLA SPRLINT, MAD. FALCOT, MAD. JOSEPfl
SCHWARTZ, .MAD. MARtJOTTIN NIPHETOS, PERLE
DES JARDINS, SAFR.\NO, SOUV. D'UN AMIE, LA
FRANCE, WHITE BON SILENE. 2>iinch pots,
Sl.OO per dozen ; S6.00 per 100.

MARECHAL NIEL.

VERY VIGOROUS YOUNG STOCK.

3-inch pots, 12 inches high 81.50 ^ doz.; SIO.OO ^ 100

■l-inch " 18 " '• a.OO " 15.00 "

o-inch

38

3.00

20.00

Our WHOLESALE PRICE LIST is now ready and olfers a
full line of Ornamental, Decorative and Winter-blooming
Plants. Bulbs and Seeds.

-Vn immense stock ot Palms. Ferns. Ficus. Dracaenas, Pan-
danus, Bouvardias. Carnations, Roses, &c., &c

HENRY A. DR££R,

Seeilsiuan and Florist,

714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

W. S. ALLEN,

WHOLESALE DEALEi; IN

CUT FLOWERS

940 BROADWAY, IMEW YORK.

Offers to the trade the BEST QUALITY of NEW and
STANDARD varieties of ROSES and all other CUT
FLOWERS. Packed in the most careful manner and at the
LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES for the CHOICEST QUAL-
ITY. Write for Price List. Consignments solicited. s6

TF you wish to make the

Gardeners' Monthly

THREE TIMES AS VALUABLE,

BIND m NUMBERS

Of each year. The index for the year's volume makes every
article in it easily accesisible, and you will be surprised to
find ho w fresh and satisfactory the magazine is for reference.
If you have no bookbinder in convenient reach, mail us
your numbers, post-paid, and 90 cts. in stamps for each year,
enclosed in your letter of advice. We will leturn you the
volumes bound in neat cloth cases post-paid. If you value
the magazine in numbers you will value it still more pre-
served in this permanent form. Address,

CHAS. H. QIAKOT, 814 Chestnut St., Fhila.

California

Pampas

Plumes

To arrive in NOVEMBER. Send for Price tist.

C. RAOUX,

296 PEARL ST., NEW YORKi

I^URSERIES,

■^■^ Washington, D. C.

The >nider.signed offers a fine stock of the following at
low I'ates :

NEW PEARS, NEW PEACHES, NEW CHERRIES, NEW GRAPES,
NEW STRAWBERRIES, &c.

FRUIT TREES OF ALL KINDS.

AN E.XTENSIVE .STOCK, VIZ. :

PEARS, PLUMS. CHERRIES, APRICOTS, APPLES,
Suitable to the South, &c.

Grapevines, Strawberries, Raspberries, &c.

New sorts Evergreens, New Oriiatnental Trees, New Shrubs^

d*c.. Small Sizes, suitable for Nurserymen as well

as large stock in great variety.

dutch; BITI.BS.

Large importations direct from tlie leailin"; growers in Hot-
land. Firjit quality Bulbs: Hyacinths, Lilies, Tulips, &c.

BATV5! ^'^ ^^^^^ stock of Small
I AklUu Plauts.suitable forflorists

East Indian, 1
exican, &c.

ORCHIDS S^^

Beautiful Hothouse & Greenhouse Plants,

CROTONS, DRACENAS, DIEFFENBACHIAS,
WINTER BLOOMING PLANTS, Jcc.

NF W R n Q F <I Bennett's Hybrid Teas, New
t »» n U O t a French and Englisli Roses.

New Wistarias, New Clematis, Geraniums, Primulas, &c,

Everytliing at low rates. Catalogues mailed to applicants.

S3 JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C.

RARE ^ CURIOUS
«<OLD WORKSX*

McDonald's Dictionary of Gardening,

2 vols. Quarto (London ISOT) 72 plates $ lO.OO

Jo. Bapt. Ferrarii sinensis E. Societate Jesu
de Florum Cultura.

(Rome 1633) 522 pages, Quarto, 41 full page plates and
index rerum. Limp calf. Paper in perfect state of

preservation $ 25.0O

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila,

I8

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

I will forward, FREE OF CHARGE, on re-
ceipt of addressed stamped envelope, a
sample of CHOICE PANSY SEED.

Roman Hyacinths SS.OOper 100; S86.00 per 1000

Lily of Valley I'ips 10.00 per 1000

<< " " strong clumps 83.00 per 100

Mixed Hyacintlis, all colors 4.00 per 100

For List of Azaleas, Clematis, Rhododendrons, &c., address

H. WATERER,

IMPORTER AND EXPORTER OF BULBS, So.,

No. 56 North 38th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

DO WNING'S

Or. Tie CDltnre, ProDaptloi, ajil Maiagemeit, li lie
Garden anl Orctianl, of Fruit Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Descriptions of all the Finest Varie-
ties of Fruit, Native and Foreign, cultivated in this Coun-
trj'; containing, also, A History of Insects Injtikious to
Fruit, and the best methods of destroying them.

Mr. Charles Downing has been engaged on this revision
from time to time, and has produced unquestionably the
most complete Rejerence Book for the Cultivators of Fruit
ever visued.

Of Apples only he has over 450 pages of varieties. New
and better drawmgs and engravings have also been made of
all the Fruit.

The complete work, including three Appendices, is
brought down to 1881, and forms one thick

8V0 VOLUME OF OVER 1,850 PAGES.
Price, handsomely bound in full cloth, - - - $5.00.

Recommendation from Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,
President of the American Pomological Society :

Oetitlemen :—I hiive received a copy from Mr. Charles
Downing of the second revised edition of the "Fruits and
Fruit trees of America." Ir. is the most comprehen-
sive of any similar work, in tact A COMPLETE ENCY-
CLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN POMOLOGY, brought down
to the present time. The original edition by his brother, the
late Andrew Jackson Downing, popular as it ever has been,
is made doubly interesting and useful by this revision, com-
prising the results of a long life of critical observations.
As a work of reference it has no erjual, and deserves a place
In the Library of every Pomologist in America.— MARSHALL

Address, CHA8. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Fblla.

Bentham's British Flora, 2 vols., 8vo, Illustrated $16.50

British Sea Weeds, Mosses, Ferns and Entomology,

square, 16mo, gilt, 89 plates, 4 vols 12.00

Cultivated Plants, their Propagation and Improve-
ment, Burbidge 5.00

English Flower Garden, Robinson, illustrated 6.00

Ferns of Great Britain and their Allies. 41 col. plates, 6.25
Flowering Plants, Grasses and Ferns of Great Britain,

Pratt. 6 vols., 310 colored plates 32.50

Flowers and Gardens, Notes on Plant Beauty 1.50

Flo%vers -.their Origin, Shapes, Perfumes and Colors. . 2.50

Gilpins' Forest Scenery 3.00

Greenhouse Favorites, splendid colored Illustrations. . 12.50

Half-Hours in the Green Uanes 2.0O

Half-Hours with some English Anticiuitiea 2.00

Handy Book of the F'lower (iardon, Thomson 3.75

Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Flowers, Sutherland.. 2.75

Lindlcy's Vegetable Kingdom 12.00

Low's Ferns of Great Britain. 8 vols., H tky 80.00

Rambles in Search of Wild Flowers 3.75

Sylvan Spring, colored plates, Heath 6.00

Vegetable World, Kiguier, 470 Illustrations, in calf.... 6.0O
Walton & Cotton K Complete Angler, octavo, 60 plates 4.00
Wild Flowers of the Holy Land (quarto), col. plates. 8.50

Window Gardener, Mollison, illustrated 2.00

Wooster'B Alpine Plants. 2 vols 17.60

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., FhUa.

FRUITS ORNAMENTAL

TREES, SHRUBS EVERGREENS.
CLIMBING PLANTS AND ROSES.

Clematis, Japanese Ivy, and a Fine Stock of Weeping Trees.

Address, MONROE CO. NCKSERIKS,

P. 0. Drawer 291. [to2] Rochester, N. Y.

The NEW "JEWELL" STRAWBERRY.

Testimonials and Lithograph sent Free to all who apply.

P. M. Angnr & Sons, Orlglnalors, Mldileleld, Conn.

THE ORCHID ALBUM

A Serial Monthly Work on Exotic Orchids. Conducted by
Robert Warner and Benjamin S. Wii^liams. Botanical
Descriptions by Thomas Moore, Curator of Chelsea
Botanic Gardens. The colored figures by John Nugent
Fitch. Size of page royal quarto, enabling artist to pro-
duce araple and intelligible portraits of the plants, which
are drawn and colored in the best style. The text comprises
English botanical descriptions of the plants, notes on their
cultivation and such general observations as may prove of
interest and utility to orchid-growers. The subjects selected
for illustration comprise the most ornamental and attractive
species and varieties, new and old, of t)iis noble and beauti-
ful family ; presenting to subscribers a splendid annual
album of floral pictures for the drawing-room and library.
Sold by subscription and issued in regular monthly parts, at
$1.25 per part, or $15.00 for the twelve annual parts, mailed
po^^t Iree on receipt of price. Each part contains four hand-
somely colored plates with corresponding letter-press; and
a volume of twelve parts will be completed annually. First
part was issued July, 1881, and an annual volume will be
completed in June of each year following, until the subject
is exhausted.

Orders as received by the undersigned will bo entered and
forwarded to the Publisher in London. An interval of from
four to six weeks will ensue between the order and tho
reception of initial numbers (per mail, direct from Lon-
don,) by subscriber,— afterwards regularly each month.

Advertisements of a suitable character will be admitted
at following rates per single issue : Whole pago, S20.00 ; balf-

lage, ffll.25; quarter-page, SS.50; per inch., single column,
1.60. Terms cash with 1'
or advertising.

tl.So. Terms cash with the order. Address for subscription

CHAS. H. MAROT, Solo Agent for the United States,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Farm Implements and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE.
with explanations of the taws of motion and orce as applied on the
(arm, with over 300 illustrations by John J. Thomas; oewand
revised edition, 31a pages, la mo, cloth, price^i.50; mailed postage
free on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Fhila

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

19

THOUSANDS OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS

In 3 and 4 and 5-inch pots, vigorous plants, all of which will bloom finely. Prices
according to variety. Florists should get stocked with the best before the rush of
fall sales. ROMAN HYACINTHS of extra fine quality, $3.50 per 100; $30 per
1000. PAPER WHITE, TRUMPET, MAJOR and VON LION NARCISSUS, selected
for forcing, at reasonable rates. HYACINTHS, TULIPS, LILY OP VALLEY,
LILIES, &c., of best grade. FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA, large bulbs, $6.00 per
100. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS, $3 and $5 per 100. Large stock of Home-
grown CLEMATIS. Catalogue now ready.

Y. H. HALLOCK, SON & THORPE, East Hinsdale, New York.

TELEGRAMS, QUEENS, N. Y. sl2

100 Barrels BeilOal[ Acorn for Sale

Also other forest tree seeds collected iii larpre iiuantities by

JAS. D. MAHONEY, Saco, Maine.

Orders to ensuFe fulfilment must be sent in before time
for collecting.

BACK VOLUMES

OF THE

Can still be had in numbers, per year - - - - ^2 00
Bound in neat doth cases, including numbersj - • - 2 75

" " X Roan. " ** ... 3 00

Cloth coses alone, mailed for -.----. 60

Delivered postage free.
Or mail us your own numbers, and have them bound in cloth cases
for 90 cents. Returned to you bound, postage free.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

PATENT BINDER

For the Gardener's Monthlt. Numbers filed with the greatest
convenience. Preserve them filed lor reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 50
centseach. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St. Phila.

HINTS FOR PAINTERS,

Decorators and Paper-Hangers.

being a selection of useful rules, data, memoranda, methods
and suggestions of bouse, ship and furniture painting, paper-
hanging, gilding, color mixing, and other matters useful and
instructive to painters and decorators. Prepared with
special reference to the wants of Amateurs,

BY AN OLD HAND.
60 pages paper, mailed post paid for 25c. on receipt of price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Tfuck Farming at the Soutti

A Guide to the Raising of Vegetables lor Northern Markets.

BY DR. A. OEStLEB,

Prest. of Chatham Co., Georgia, Fruit and Vegetable
Growers Association. Illustrated. 12 mo., cloth, pp. 270.
Price Sl.SO. Mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

INJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

By MARY TREAT.

Fully Illustrated. 288 pages. 12mo, cloth.
Price, $2.00 by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., PhUa.

The Floral Kingdom

Its History. A Dictionary of more than 300 Flowers, with
the Genera and Family to which they belong and the
Language of each. Illustrated by appropriate Gems of
Poetry and a particular Treatise on the Cultivation and
Analysis of Plants. 450 pages, on heavy tinted highly cal-
endered paper, and red line border with ornamental cor-
ners, splendidly bound, beveled boards, full gilt. A beauti-
ful present. Price, 86.50 by mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY.

By Kobert Buist.
With practical directions for the Culture of Plants In Flower-
Garden, Hot-House, Green-House, Rooms, or Parlor Windows,
for eTer7 month of the year. Instructions for erecting Hot-
house, GreeL house, and laying out a Flower garden. Instruc-
tion for cultivating, propagating, pruning and training the
Grapa vine and description of best sorts for the open air. 34'
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price$l-50. Sent by mail post paid on receipt
of price. CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St. Phila.

Parts & Mm ol Paris

considered in relation to the wants of OTHER CITIES, and o
PUBLIC and PRIVATE GROUNDS.

By WM. ROBINSON.

Splendidly and profusely illustrated, pp. 648. Octavo.
$7.60. Mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

fric*

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., PhiU.

The Forester,

BY JAJHES BROWN, I.L.D.,

Inspector and Reporter Woods and Forests, Ontario. A
Practical Treatise on the Planting, Rearing and General
Management of Forest Trees. 5th Edition, Enlarged and
Improved. Profusely Illustrated. Royal 8vo, \i Roan, pp.
898. Price, 810.00, by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

20

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FOREIGN GRAPE YINEQ

' FOR GRAPERIES ^

. S *^"® ^^^^ **'** *'"6S, $1.00 each.
PRICE : j j^p ygg^ jjjjj yjnes, $2.00 each.

Bowood Muscat,
Muscat Hamburg,
Canon Hall Muscat,
MadresBeld Court Muscat,
Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat,
Muscat of Alexandria,
Black Prince,
Black Alicante,
Black Barbarossa,
Black St. Peter's,
Buckland Sweetwater,
Calabrian Raisin,
Chasselas de Fontainebleau
Chasselas White,
Chasselas Golden,
Duchess of Buccleuch,
Frontignan W^hite,

Catalogue sent free on application.
We would also call si)eoiaI attention to our stock of
Camellias, Azaleas, Acacias, Roses and general collection
of winter-blooming ornamental foliag;e and bedding plants

Frontignan Grizzly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg \Vilmot'8,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria,
Lady Down's Seedling,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz,
Trentham Black,
\Vhite Nice,
White Syrean,
White Sweetwater,
White Tokay.

DAVID FERGUSSON & SONS, Lanrel Hill NirserlEs,

t.f.l2

Ridge and Lehigh Avenues, Philadelphia, Pa.

HAND-BOOK

OF

PRACTICAL LANDSCAPE

GARDENING.

BY F. R. ELLIOTT.

Designed for City and Suburban Residences, and Country School"
Houses ; containing designs for lots and grounds, from a lot 30 by
100, to a forty-acre plot. Each plan is drawn to scale, with schedule
to each, showing where each tree, shrub, &c., should be planted
condensed instructions for forming and caring for lawns ; building ol
roads; turfing, protection, pruning and care of trees; making
cuttings, evergreens, hedges, screens, &c. Condensed descriptions
of all the leading trees and shrubs ; soil and position In which they
should be grown. Illustrations of ground plans, elevations, trees,
shrubs, winter gardening, &c. 96 pp.,8vo, cloth. Price $1.50.
Sent by mail on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Rose,

byWM. PAUL.

02 pages, cloth, lllastrated. Price, SI 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnul Street, Phlla.

ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

m BEST METHODS EMPLOYED In ENGLAND M FRANCE.

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboeuf 3 Essaj; on Asparagus,
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted
for its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
edition. (M pages. 50 cents by mail on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., PhUa.

THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES,

BY B. J. KENDALL, M. D.

With the real cssentialinformation relative to each disease. Will
save many times its cost. Gives cause, symptoms and best treat-
ment of Hlseases. Table with the doses, effects and antidotes of
principal medicines used, and a few pages on action and uses of
medicines. Rules for telling age of Horse and fine engraving show-
ing appearance of the teeth each year. A large collection of valu-
able recipes. Printed on fine paper 7^x5 inches; nearly 100 pages,
35 engravings. Price, 25 cents. Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt
of price. Address,

CHAS. H, MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila,

:DXJTCM BXJI.BS =

For Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, etc. Laipe stock on
hand during the season, at lowest import jn-ices. Imported
Roses, Clematis, RhododendroDs, Azaleas, etc., from
Boskoop (Holland), Nursery Association; awarded first
Premiums at New Orleans World's Exposition. Hardy
Hybrid Perpetual Roses. Strong 2 vearold plants. Prices
in Holland, per lOOf!), only SG5.00. Clematis JaukmannU
and other tine varieties. Trade Catalogues sent on appli-
cation. Address, C. H. J008TEN. Importer.
ts3 3 Coenties Slip, New York>

THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition,
revised by the author. 25c. Mailed, post-paid on receipt oi
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal." — London Oardener^s Magazine.

''This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study
it."— ionrfon Journal of Horticulture.

" No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teachers of Botany."— Gardeners' Monthly.

Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal. — 7he Botanical Oazette.

"It would be difticult to overestimate the difference be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analysis of flowers." — JV. Y. Evening Post.

"The mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
ing the mind.' ^—Country Gentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Fruit Growers' Hand- Book,

ByF. R. Elliott author of " Western Fruit Growers' Guide"
(one oi the best posted men on the subject in the United States).
Contains the practice on all subjects connected with fruit growing.
The book is made for those who grow fruit for their own use Also
an Appendix, containing matter relating to the selection and cult\ire
of Ornamental Trees, Roses, Plants, &c. Illustrated with 45 wood-
cuts, 130 pages, i6mo, cloth, $1 ; paper, 60 cts. Sent by mail
postpaid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

HAVE YOU YET SECURED A

PHOTOGRAPH

OF THE

L SECKEL PEllfi TREE?

160 TO 300 YEARS OLD AND STILL STANDINGl

Send for one and have something more than a mere tra-
dition. They are mounted on card board, 8x10 inches, and
will be securely mailed for 50 cents. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division 2. — Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal Svo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsoiiio
type. Price, 1$7 00, mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUad'a

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

TT

FQXi de:ai.e:rs oivi-y.

CO

CO

cn

CO

CO

Schmidt's Patent Hyacinth Glasses are
the best for forcing all kinds of Bulbs.

Price Lists on application. ts3

J. C. SCHMIDT, ERFURT, GERMANY.

THE PEACH;

Its Ciimre i\i Biseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ex-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania anil all Districts

affected by the ** Xellows '* and other

Diseases of the Tree.

9fi pages. 12mo. Cloth, 81.00. Paper, 60 cents.

Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

Tot;cther with Complete Plans and Specifications. Over
100 Kn^ravinps of Designs and Plans of CoUages and
Country Houses, costing Irum ^200 to $5,000. By S. K. Reed,
Architect, Author of " flouse Plans for Everybody." Cloth.
12 mo, mailed, post-paid, for SI. 25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARyT

Bv Geo. W. Johnson, Editor of *' Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
cheir cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. 1026 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
^i.OU. Seut by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

DUTCH BULBS

E. H. KRELAGE & SON,

Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,

HAARLEM, HOLLAND.

The Wholesale Cataloj^ue, American edition (No. 380 a)
of Dutch Flower roots and Bulbous and Tuberoos-
rooted Plants for 188.3 and '86, is now ready and may be
had free on prepaid application. The above catalogue,
althouf^h giving only an extract of the collections forms a
pamphlet of 48 pages, 8vo, in two columns, and is doubtless
one of the most complete sent out for this specialty. The
prices of Hyacinths in general are considerably lower than
before. Prices of Tulips and other bulbs too are in many
instances inferior to former quotations.

tau3

E. H. KRELAGE & SON, Haarlem, Holland.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW 9. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 pages, fine cloth. Price SI. 50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. PULLER.

Giving Deacription, History, Cultivation, Propagation, Dla-
eaees, ifcc.

Beautifully Illustrated.

276 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by mail, post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

Aft of Grafting and Budding

By CHARLES BALTET,
Appropriately and fully illustrated by 186 cuts, showing
methods, tools and appliances. Pp. 230, 12 mo. cloth, flexf*
ble. Price 81.25 mailed, postage free. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street Phlla,

AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

By George Husmann, Professor of Horticulture in University of
Missouri.with contributions from well-known Grape Growers, giving

A WIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE.

Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pp., cloth; price, 81.50. Mailed post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By Benj. S. Williams, F. R. H, S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
varieties. Instructions for their cultivation and mode of manage-
ment. Illustrated with colored frontispiece and numerous
splendid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth. Price
85.00. Sent by mail po8^ paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St.. PhUC.

AND OUT BUILDINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designs to suit every taste andpocket*
257 illustrations, 235 pages, 12 mo. cloth, price, t .50. Mailedf
post paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.

22

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES.

(1840.) B.OCHESTER, N. T, (1886.)

We offer for Fall plantintf the largest and most

complete collections in the United States of

Fruit Trees, Standard and Dwarf,

GrapcH, and all the small fruits,

New «;oosebcrry "Industry,"

Ornamental Trees aud Shrubs,

Roses, of t'Very class,

Hardy Bulbs.
Catalogues sent as follows: No. 1, Fruits, 10c.;

No. 2, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, loc. ; No. 3,

Strawberries, No. 4, Wholesale, No. 5, Roses, No.

6, Bulbs free.

EliLitVANfJEH & n ARRY.

ICONOGRAPHY

-OF-

INDIAN AZALEAS,

Containing plates and descriptions of some of tbe best old
and new varieties,

BY AUGUST VAN GEERT,

"With the assistance of the principal Horticulturists and
Amateurs, and translated by Th. Moore, Jr.

This splendidly illustrated work should be in the hands of
every practical gardener and lover of plants.

To nurservmen and florists it is a valuable vade mecum to
resort to. 'the plates will prove most useful in the ofBce
and will no doubt help and increase the sale of this popular
class of plants.

The amateur will find it an interesting: book to consult for
the formation of his collection. Besides it is a splendid
volume for the library or drawing room.

Quarto, thirty-six splendid colored plates and 81 pp. text.
Price S7.50, mailed post free. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

ERTIIT UROWER'S FRIEID.

AN EASY GUIDE FOR THE

Raising ofFruitsforPleasureor Profit

BY R. H. HAINKS.

Paper, 34 pp., 8vo, price 30 cents; mailed post-paid on receipt
of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phiu^.

JUST PUBLISHKD.

The Sportsman's Gazetteer,

BY CHARLES HALLOCK,

New, Revised and Enlarged Edition.

This well-known volume, comprising 1,000 pages, passed
through six editions, aud became the recognized authority
In both continents on matters pertaining to Field Sports.
It has now been revised under the personal supervision pX
the author, who, since the appearance of tbe last edition,
has largely extended his knowledge of the subjects treated
by three years' travel ovlt new portions of the United
States and Canadas, which have not hitherto been brought
to the immediate attention of sportsmen. This revised
edition contains entirely new matter in several depart-
ments, a newly engraved portrait of tlie author, new maps,
and many fine illustrations representing (rame Birds, Game
Dogs, Game Fishes, etc. etc. Tric-e. post-paid, 83.00.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phil*.

BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

By Jo8iali Hoopes.

A practical treatise on the Coniferte or Cone-bearing plants.
Handsomely illustrated. 4."^.'> pages, J2mo, cloth. Price $3.00-
Sent by mail post-paid on rcieipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., TL^.a.

0. BURNEVICH-DE WINNE,

TBE m m mi ims,

PUrUT DTI Pill m Grows one of tUe largest stocks of

until 1 1 DlLuIUIVI Azalea mollis. Sold at the most

* moderate rates. t62

Azalea molUs, 20 to .30 Buds 885.00 per 100

" 10to20 " 16.00 "

5 to 10 " 10.00 "

Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms, and General Euro-
pean Stock. Cash with orders for unknown correspondents

Downing's Landscape Gardening and
Rural Architecture.

BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING, ESQ.

Adapted to North America, with a view t« the improvement in
country residences. Comprising historical notices oi the ^rt, di-
rections for laying out grounds and arranging plantations; the de-
scription and cultivation of hardy trees, decorative accompaniments
of the house and grounda, the formation of artificial water, flower
gardens, etc.; with remarks on rural architecture. With two sup-
plements by H. Winthrop Sargent. Handsomely illustrated, pp.
59a. Royal 8vo. Price, $6.50, by mail, postage free.

The above work is now oat of print and when the few
remaining copies at present in stock are disposed of no more can
be had. Those who wish to secure a copy of this valuable work
while tbe chance is yet open, should speak at once. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT»

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

A NEW BOOK I
NOW READY. I

THE ROSE

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
istics, etc., of the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY' H. B. ELtLW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, 31.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phlla.

NortliAiericaflSylva

5 vols., 156 colored plates, in 30 parts:

In parts, unbound $00 00

" Halt Turkey Morocco, antique gilt 70 00

"Full " " " 76 00

" Cloth, gilt top 66 00

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

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THE CHRYSAITHEMOI

Its History, Culture, Classification and Nomenclature.

BY F. W. BURBIDQE,

Curator of Trinity College Botanical Gardens, Dublin. 102
pages, Octavo, cloth. Trice, $1.50 ; by mail, post paid.

Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila^

CAGTAGE0U8 PLANTS

THEIR

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Uoval Gardens, Kew.
12 mo, cloth. 93 pat^es with "numerous illustrations. Price,
50 cents ; by mail, prepaid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

By Edward Spragues Rand, Jr.
A treatise on Hardy and Tender bulbs and Tubers. 369 pages, i3mo,
cloth. Price, $2.50. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.
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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

23

mim CHERRY il HORSE PLHM STOCKS.

strong and healthy, of our own growing. Large lot and low prices.
GRAPE VINES.— All the leading new and old sorts.

POOKLINGTON.— The largest stock in the country of this renowned and popular

variety. Now offered to the trade at very low rates to reduce stock.
BRIGHTON.— Our leading specialty. Extra nice vines 1, 2 and 3 years.

LADY WASHINGTON, JEFFERSON, ELDORADO, MOORE'S EARLY,
PRENTISS, EMPIRE STATE, and all the new sorts at low prices to the trade.

^ H. E. HOOKER CO., 100 Park Avenue, Rochester. N. Y.

lATayside Flo^vvrers

Being a compilation of thirty-one of the beautiful plates from "Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States" and 128 pp. of text

BIT THOILdl^S n^EEHI-A.!^,

Antbor of "Tlie Native Flowers and Ferns of U. S. ; " Professor of Vegetable Physiology in Penna. State Board of
Agriculture ; Editor of The Gardener's Monthly ; Vice-President Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila.

This work is appropriate for AN ELEGANT PRESENT. Splendid paper and tjrpography ; Bound in fine clotli,
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Sent by mai postage free. Address,

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a

WATERMAN'S ''IDEAL" FOUNTAIN PEN.

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PENS can be filled and left for months without being
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PRICES OF HOLDERS WITH GOLD PENS.

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Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are lon^ tapering "Desk" holders of
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PRICES OF HOLDERS WITHOUT PENS.

Nos. land 7 82 2.5 1 Nos. 3 and 9 2 75 I No. 5 3 25

Nos. 2 and 8 2 5U | Nos. 4 and 10 3 00 | No. 6 3 50

LENGTH given is with the pen ready for the pocket; with the cap on top of holder it is from 1 to 2 inches longer.

PRICES given are for well-finished 14 carat gold pens of the smallest size suited to the holder ; 16 carat gold pens,
or pens of the larger sizes, cost from 50 cents to 81.00 more. The 16 carat pens are of extra finish as well as quality and
are well worth the ditference in price. GOLD-MOUNTED holders cost from 50 cents to SI. 00 more, according to style.

Silk and Plush lined morocco-covered cases for Nos. 1 and 3 are furnished for 50 cents extra.

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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

24

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Southern tobacco stems possess nearly douVde the strength
of Northern stems, t^aken from cigar leaf, therefore are
cheaper and better.

We are prepared to furnish best Southern stems in bales
or hogsheads, in any quantity, for Farmers and Florists use.
In bales of 500 lbs. at 95.00 per bale, six bales for S34.00
F. O. B.

A discount will be made in large lots. Cash to accompany
small orders. ts3

T^M. S. KIMBALL & CO.,

Peerless Tobacco Works. Rochester, N. Y.

oi?.oia:iiDS

A ^)opular review, containing cha]iters on Orchid Life,
Orchid Flowers, Orchid Mysteries, Orchid Homes, Uses of
Orchids, History of Orchids, Value of Orchids, Hybrid
Orchids. By Lewis Castle (Authorof "Cactaceous Plants").

Opinions. — Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart , M.P.: " A useful
little book." Baron SchrGder, The Dell Staines: "I haVe
read your essay upon Orchids with the greatest interest.
I consider it most instructive, and of great use to amateurs."
R. I. Lynch, A. L.S., Curator of the Cambridge University
Botanic Garden ; " Your Orchid Review is a success. Tiie
selection of matter is mo-st interesting, and there could be
no better introduc-tinii l(n- the use of visitors to the Orchid
Conference than this little lionk."

12mo, (jO pages, 13 ilhistr;itic)ns. Price 50c., bv mail.
Address: CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Sui^ar Seet.

Including a History of the Beet Root Sugar Industry of
Europe. Varieties of the Sugar Beet, Examination,
Soils, Tillage, Seeds and Sowing, Yield and Cost of
Cultivation, Harvesting, Transportation, Con-
servation, Feeding Qualities of the Beet
and of the Pulp, Etc., Etc , Etc.

BY LKWIS S. WARE, C.E., M.E.,

Fellow of L'Ecole des Arts, Agriculture et Manufactures,
Paris; member of American Chemical Societ;^. In one
volume, octavo ; illustrated by 90 engravings. Price, S4.00
by mail, postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BEET ROOT SUGAR

AND CULTIVATION OF THE BEET.

BY E. B. GRANT.

Including the Sugar supply of the U.S., History of Beet Root
Sugar, Supply of Beets, Cultivation, Cost of Beet Root Sugar in
France, Production in various Countries, Advantages, Method of
Raising, Harvesting, Preservation of Beets, Seed, Manures, Ro-
tation of Crops, Heet Pulp, Leaves of Beets, Profits, etc. i6 mo.,
cloth, pp., 158 Price, $1.25 ^ent by mail post-paid on receiptof
price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa

PRACTICAL LESSONS IN

Architectural Drawing ;

Or. HOW TO MAKE THE WORKING DRAWINGS AND WRITE

SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDINGS.

BY WILUAM B. TUTIIILL, A.M., AKcniTECT.

nUistrated by .3.3 full piige plates (one in nolor.^i) and 8.3
wood cuts, showinp: Methods of Construction and Representa*
Hon Scale Drawings, Sections and Details of Frame, Brick and
Stone Buildings, witli full descriptions and specifications, show-
ing tlie various lonii.s oi writing the same tor dilferent
kinds of buildines. Ohlong quarto cloth. Price, S2.50, by
mail, post free. Address,

CHAH. II. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. Pbila.

ALPINE FLOWERS for ENGLISH GARDENS

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.

An explanation of the principles on which the Exquisite Flora ol

Alpine countrtus may he grown to perfection in ail Parts of the

Briti'^h Islands, with numerous Illustrations, o( Rock (iardens.

Natural and Artificial, 70 Illustrations, 440 paces, crown 8vo, cloth.

Price, $4.50. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price.

Address, CHAb. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Ph

Rosa canina, Best Quality!

Kosa cauina, 1st quality, ready for grafting, per 1000. .$4 -50
" •' 2d " next summer, " ..2 50

" " 3d " to transplant, " ..12.5

Cratregus oxyaoantha, for hedges :

2 vears, I to 2 ft, per 1000 $2 00

1 year, K to 1 ft. " 125

1 " Jito^ft. " [tau4] 60

J. HEINS, Halstenbek, near Hamburg, Germany.

Select [xk-Tropical Plants,

Readily clitjible for industrial culture or naturalization,
with indications of their native countries, and some of
their uses, by Baron Ferd. Von Mueller, K. C. M, G., M. D.^
Ph. D., F. R S., Government Botanist of Australia; Hon-
orary or Corresponding Member of .Scientific Societies and
Academies in Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco,
Chicapo, Kingston, Mexico, Caracas, Buenos Ayres.

Tlie question of tree culture is one to which the people of
this country must, before the lapse of many years, of neces-
sity give their attention. In Baron von Mueller's book the
trees and t)hiiils not indigenous to this country, but capable
of cultivation here, ai o given, with such description of them
and of tlie particular scrtimis to which they are adapted, as
makes it an indispensable work to those interested in im-
proving our native floral wealth. American edition, revised
and enlarged. 450 pages. Octavo. Cloth. Price, 83.00 ; mailed,
post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENING FOR PROFIT.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the Buccesaful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

New and enlarged edition. IHustrated. 276 Pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price, 81-50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Cheatnut St., Phila.

CLASS BOOK OF BOTANY.

By Alphonso Wood, A. M.
Being outlines of the Stnicture, Physiology and Classification of
Plants ; with a Flora of the United States and Canada. 832 pages,
?v'>. half arabesque cloth sides. Price, #3.50. Sent by mail post-
paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

Bv Pktbr Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

for the Amaieur and Pro/essitmal Florist. Illustrated. 288 pages,
lamo, cloth. Price, ^1.50. Sent by mad post-paid on receipt of
price.

Address, CHAS H. MAROT,

E14 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Qreenhouse, Conservatory and 'Window-Garden.
Illustrated. 250 Pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50. Seut by
mail pout -paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAEOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Benjamin S. Williams, K.R.H.S.
Comprising descriptions of 550 choice species and varieties, Brit-
ish and Exotic, with directions for their management in the Tropical,
Temperate and Hardy Fernery, with numerous beautiful full-page
illustrations. 353 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, |a. 60. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

25

THE FABMEl'S ACCfllT BOOL

A Complete System of Book-Keeping for
Farmersi Planters, and Gardeners.

BY A. L. CAMPPIBLD.

Every one should keep a strictaccount of all business transactions,
and thereby save much trouble that comes of neglect. This is a
plain, practical system of book-keeping, easily understood, and
especially adapted to the wanisof the Farmer. Full instructions in
each book Can be carried in an ordinary pocket; i8o pages,
bound in sheep-skin. Price 75 cents. Mailed postage free on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. .PhiU.

" A NEW BOOK.

THEIR FEED

THEIR FEET.

A manual of Horse Hygiene, invaluable for
the veteran or the novice, poinlin)!' out the
caiises of "malaria," "glanders," "pink eye,"
"distemper," etc., and how to prevent and
lounteract them, by C. E. Page, M.D., with a
treatise and notes on shoeing by Sir George
Cox and Col. M. C. Weld. 150 pages izmo,
paper, 50 cents, extra cloth, 75 cents.
Mailed on receipt of price Address,

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AJRAINAGE FOR HEALTH,

OR

Easy Lessons in Sanitary Science.

By JOSbPH WILSON. M.D.. Medical Director U. S. N.
pages, octavo. Copiously illuBtrated. Price Ji.oo, mailed,
on receipt of price. Address,
^ CHAS H MAROT 8Ti Che-^tniit St.. Phila-

KEEPING ONE COW.

Being the experience of a number of practical writers, in a clear
and condensed form, upon the

Management of a Single Milch Cow.

Illustrated, 132 pages, cloth. Price, $1.00, mailed, post-paid, on
veceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

5^

Simplifies the art of Reckonini^:, and is worth its weight in
gold to every Farmer, Mechanic and Businessman, especially
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the COKKECT answer to ne.irly 100,000 husiness examples in
all kinds of grain, 8tock, Hay, Coal, Cotton, Merchandise,
INTEREST, Wages, Measurements of Luniher, Logs, Cisterns,
Tanks, Granaries, Wagon Beds, CornCrilis.Conlwood, Hay,
Lands, Carpenters', Plasterers', Bricklayers' work, etc. It
also TEACHES entirely new, easy and practicai. KULES
for rapid business calculations, which even a child can com-
prehend. It is neatly printed and bound, and is a ready
and i>iOHTNiNG Calculator, Memorandum, pekpetual Cal-
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mon diary in similar binding. 72 pages and 60 pages addition-
al of blank memorandum.

No. 1, Eng. Cloth, plain, with memorandum. S .50

No. 2, " with slate, pocket, flap and mem. .75

No. 3, Full Leather, " " " 1.00

No. 4, " Morocco, " " " 1.26

No. 5, " Russia, " '* " 1.50

No. 6, " RussiaCalf," " " 2.00

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P

A Treatise on Beautifying Homes, Rural Districts, Towns
and Cemeteries. By Elias A. Long. 381 pages, 12 rao, cloth.
Illustrated. Sent by mail prepaid for 82.00. Address,

CHA.S. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

The Goldfish and its Cultufe,

BY HUGO MtTLERTT.

It is intended in this book to furnish reliable information
for the propagation of the fish in this country and its
proper management in captivity ; propagation and care in
fish ponds, aquariums, <fec.; enemies and diseases, and how
to combat and prevent them. 12mo, cloth, pp.108, illus-
trated. Price, Sl.OO, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

Mefricl('sStrawbe[ffCulturist

Mailed, post paid on.
Phila.

(OUT OF PRINT.)

A few more copies left at 50 cents,
receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.

AMATEUR'S ROSE BOOK.

By Shirley Hibberd.

Comprising the cultivation of the Rose In the open ground
and under glass; the formation of the Rosarium; the charac-
ters of Wild and Garden Roses ; the preparation of the flowers
for exhibition ; the raising of new varieties; and the work of
the Rose Gardea in every season of the year. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages cloth, 12ma.
Price $3.00. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. .MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

FOR THE NATURALIST AND ANGLER.

DR. JAMES A. HENSH ALL'S

BOOK OF THE BLACK BASS.

Comprising its complete Scientific and Life Histories, to-
gether with a Practical Treatise on Angling and Fly-flshing,
and a full account of Tools, Tackle and Implements.

Large 12mo. 460 pages. Fully Illustrated. Price, J3.00.
Sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of the price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

26

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

SECOND-HAND BOOKS

BY MAIL ON RECEIPT OF PRICE.

SPEAK QUICKLY IF YOU WANT THEM.

Say in your order, " Second-Hand List."

Allen's Domestic Animals

" Rural Architecture

Beet Root Sugar, Grant

Bicknell's Village Builder & Supplement. Fol. (plates)

Brackett's Farm Talk

Breck's New Book of Flowers

Bridgeman's American Kitcheu Gardener

Butler's Family Aquarium

Chronicles of a Gareen ; its Pets and Pleasures

Coultas' Principles of Botany

Darwin's Cross and Seif-Fertilization in Vegetable

Kingdom

De CandoUe's Vegetable < trganography, 3H full p. plates

Downing's Cottage Residences

'* Rural Essays

Ellwanger on the Rose

Emmon's Agriculture of N. Y., 3 vols. 4to, plates, Ac.

Ferns of Kentucky, Williamson

Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Gardener's Companion..

Fulton on Peach Culture

Gardener's and Farmer's Reason "Why

Gray's Manual of Botany

Guide to the Orchard, Floy

Half-hours in the Green Lanes, Taylor, Illustrated....

Halliday's Camellia Culture

Harris on Injurious Insects, colored plates

Hayne's American Farrier .^

Henderson's Practical Floriculture T

Herbert's Amary Uidacea^, -18 full page plates

Hey's Mrs., Sylvan Musings, 23 col. plates, full calf

Hoffey'8 N, A. Pomologist (Dr. Briukle) 36 col. plates.

Quarto

Hole's Book about Roses. Eng., Illustrated

Hooper's Western Fruit Book

Johnson's Gardener's Dictionary -

Klippart's Land Drainage

Lee^s Mrs., Trees, Plants & Fl'rs, col. plates, full calf.
Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants & Flowers, col. plates, cloth.

Liebeg's Turners^ Chemistry, 1394

Lindley's Theory and Practice

394 pp.,
of Hor

.8vo.
rticulture, Ill'd.

« 75

1 00

1 00

650

50

1 45

50

50

200

60

3 00

5 00

1 25

385

1 00

15 00

1 50

1 00

1 2.5

75

1 75

1 00

1 75

1 50

550

25

1 00

5 00

600

300

3 00

) 00

50

150

1 25

6 OO

450

350

3 00

Lyman's Cotton Culture

Mac Donald's Food from the Far West

Master's Plant Life

Merrick's strawberry Culturist

Mcintosh's Orchard, with colored plates

Minot's Land and Game Birds of New England, Dl'd..

New American Gardener

Ornamental Foliaj^e Pelargouias, Grieves

Parlor Gardener ; Home Culture of Ornamental Plants

Paul's Roses and Rose Culture

Paxton's llort. Register, 2 vols, in one (18.'?1-1833)

Philadelphia Business Directory, lb84, Boyd

Prince on the Vine

Prince's Pomological Manual

Randall's Sheep Husbandry

Riind's Flowers for Parlor and Garden, cloth

" " " }< tky, gilt edges

Riddell's Architect, folio. H]4xn}i (col. plates)

Shaw's London Market Gardens

Stewart's Stable Book

Studies, by J. A.-Dorgan

Talpa, or Chronicles of a Clay Farm

Taylor's Bee Keepers Manuel, Illustrated

The Plant, a Biography, 5 col. plates and 13 wood eng's

Thomp.son's, The Food of Animals

Thomas' Fruit Culturist

Todd's How to Make Farming Pay

Turner's Cotton Planters Manual

Vegetable (111. Library of Wonders) Dr. Scheie de

V ere, 61 Illustrations ,

Wallace's Notes on Lilies ,

Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler

Waring's Elements of Agriculture

Williams' Windo,w Gardening

WoodrutTs Trotting Horses of America

Wood's Insects at Home (over 700 Illustrations, 670 p.)
Young Angler Illustrated

1 lO'

2 00
75
60'

3 00
260

76
76

1 00
26

1 CO'
7/>
75
75

1 25

2 2.S
2 50

10 00

1 00

1 25

75

75

1 60

2 50
75

176
2 00

1 10

2 00
1 50'
1 60

76

1 25

2 00
i 00'

76

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

Book for Beginners with the Microscope, Phin, boards, fully Illustrated

Cements and Glue, Phin. stitf covers

Chemical History of the Six Days of Creation, Phin, 12mo, cloth

Common Objects for the Microscope, Wood, 400 Illustrations, 12 colored plates

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New Edition— Just Published.

The Amencan Fruit Cultufist,

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THE SCHOOL GARDEN

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MANUAL of the APIARY.

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Manal of Botany of the Nortlieni Dnlteil States.

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INSECT LIVES ; or, Born in Prison,

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HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

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SWEET POTATO CULTURE.

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PLANT LIFE ON THE FAfiWI

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THE WILD GARDEN;

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Hnaiiiil ^ ^mmiiBwm

BY JAMES VEITCH.

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Part III.— The Planting of Conifera;.

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AHlcaii Gn Biril MM

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The Scientific Angler

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YOUR PLANTS

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PLAIN and PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS for the TREAT-
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house: and GAIIXIEN.

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The Botanist's Pocket Book.

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4th Kdition,

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TALKS ABOUT FLOWERS.

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PRACTICAL

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THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

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PRACTICAL AZALEA CULTURE.

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FRUIT AND BREAD.

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

31

HOW TO PROPAGATE

GROW FRUIT

BY CHAS. A. GREEN.

--r _. Illustrated with 2 colored plates and

over (my engravings. Price, paper, 50 cts., prepaid by mail.
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HOW TO READ

AND HINTS IN CHOOSING THE BEST BOOKS.

With a classified list of work of Biography, History, Criticism,
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post-paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowers in the Garden and the House; giving
dirtc^ons skcrt. sharp ami dfcisivf how to overcome every insect
enemy that infects flowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors,
which troubles window Gardens ; which eats up the vegetables of
the garden ; which devours the fruit trees, shrubs and vines, and
lives in the homes of anxious, tired housekeepers. Paper, 100 pages.
Price, 30 cents, postage free.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street.Philadelphia.

HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa Gray, M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structural Botanyj^ with a Popular
Flora, or an arrangement and description of Common Plants,
both wild and cultivated. Illustrated with 500 wood engravings.
233 pages, large 16mo, half-arabesque, paper sides. Price $1.25.
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HOW TO RAISE FRUIT

By THOMAS GREGG.

A Hand-bock of Fruit Culture, being a Guide to the proper Cul-
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Fruits. 184 pages, i2mo, cloth, fully illustrated. Price, Ji. 00. Sent
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FARM HOMES,

IN-DOORS AND OUT-DOORS.

By E. H. Leland.
Illustrated, 204 pages, cloth, price $1.50; mailed, post-paidon re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 CheBtnat St., Fhlla.

Subtropical Garden;

Or, Beanty of Form in the Flower Gardeni

By W. Robinson. F. L. S.
Beautifiillj illustrated. 241 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, ^3,75
Mailed, postage free, on receipt of Price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO PAINT.

By a Practical Painter ; for the use of Tradesmen,
Mechanics, Merchants, Farmers, and as a Guide to Pro-
fessional Painters. Methods in Plain and Fancy Painting
of every description; Formulas for Mixing Paint in Oil or
Water, Tools, etc. This Book makes ^^ every man his own
paintery

Full Directions for Using White Leail, lamp-Black,
Green, Yellow, Brown, Whiting, Glue, Pumice Stone,
Spirits of Turpentine, Oils, Varnislies, Furniture Varnish,
Milk Paint, Preparing Kalsomine, etc. Paint for Outbuild-
ings—Whitewash, Paste for Paper-Hangiug Hanging Pajier,
Graining in Oak. Maple, Rosewood, Black Walnut, Staining,
Decalcomania, Maknig Rustic Picture?;. Painting Flower-
Stands, Rosewood Polish, Varnishing Furniture, Waxing
Furniture, Cleaning Paint, Paint for Farming Tools,
.Machinery, Household Fixtures, etc. To Paint Farm
Wagon, Re-Varnish Carriage, make Plaster Casts. Sent
by mail, post paid, for 81,00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila., Pa.

HOW TO HUNT AND TRAP.

By /. E. Batty, Hunter and Taxidermist,

Con' aining full instructions for hunting the Buffalo, Elk, Moose*
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cock. Snipe, etc., etc. Also, the localities where game abounds*
In trapping, tells you all about steel traps; how to make home*
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Badger, Otter, Beaver, Fisher, Martin, Mink, etc.. Birds of Prey
poisoning carnivorous animals, with full directions for preparing
pelts for market, etc. Fully illustrated. 223 pages. i2mo cloth.
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HOW THE FARM PAYS.

The Experiences of hO years of Successful Farming ana
Gardening^ by the authors

WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

Profusely Elustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
Price prepaid, by mail S2.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HOW TO LAY OUT A GARDEN.

By £dward Kemp.

A general guideinChoosing, Forming and Improving an Es-
tate (from a quarter-acre to a hundr^'d acres in extent), with
reference to both design and execution. Illustrated with nu-
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HOW TO MANAGE BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS.

By Edmu-nd Wriglet.
Being a Director's Guide and Secretary's Assistant, with forma
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tions illustrating the various plans of working. 211 pages, izmOp
cloth. Price, |2.oo. Seat by mail post-paid on receipt of price.
Address. CHAS. H. MAROT,

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MUSHROOMS

Fcrr the MILLION, a Practical Ireatise on the cultivation
of the MOSl Profitable out-door crop known.

BY JOHN WKIGHT.

Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. IW pages. Price, 50 cents, by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPKOVEMBNT,

BT WM. EOBINSOK.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, TocoBCS
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAKOX, 814 CbeBtnut St., Fhlla.

32

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Index to Advertisements.

Send orders early as possible. Changes of copy must be in
by leth. New orders received after 22d of month cannot be in-
sured insertion in next issue. Fly-leaf copy {new or changes)
must be in by 16th. For Advertising Rates see 2d cover page.

Achelis Qeo., West Chester, Pa 13

Allen W. 8., New York 17

Augur P. M. ASons, MiddleBeld, Conn 18

Beuz Albert, Douglaston, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Blanc A., Philadelphia 6

Brinton W. P., Christiana, Pa 11

Bloomington Nursery, Bluomington, Ills 6

Boebmer Louis, Yokohama, Japan 6

Chaapel Hurry, W'illianisport, Pa 6

Collins John S., Moorestown, N. J 32

Cowen N. <& Son, New York 32

Cranston's Nursery and Seed Co., King's Acre, Eng 13

Curwen John, Jr., Villa Nova, Pa 11

De Winne O. Burnevich, Ghent, Belgium 22

DeWitt Bros., Bristol, Pa U

Dillon J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa 13

Dreer Henry A., Philadelphia 12, 17

Elliott Benj. A., Pittsburgh. Pa 4

EUwanser & Barry, Rochester, N. Y 22

Exeter Machine Works, Boston, Mass 4th cover page

Fergusson David & Sons. Philadelphia 20

Gav &Co., New York U

Hailock V. H. , Son & Thorpe, Queens, N. Y 19

Heikes W. F., Huntsville, Ala 6

Heins J., Halstenbek, Germany 24

Henderson Peter & Co., New York 3

HinrichsC. F. A., New York 12

Hitchings ACo., New York 5

Hooker H. E. Co., Rochester, N. Y 23

Jenkins J., Winona, Ohio 6

JoostenC. H., New York 20

Kauffmau L., Iowa City. Iowa 11

Kimball Wm. S. & Co., Rochester, N. Y 24

Krelage E. H. & Son, Haarlem, Holland 21

Landreth D. ASons, Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

Mahoney Jas. D., Saco, Me 1!*

Marschuetz & Bacharach, Philadelphia 4

McAllister F. E., New Y ork 32

Meehan Thomas, Gerraantown, Phila 4, 13, Ifj

Monroe Co. Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y 18

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass 11

Munson D. O., Falls Church, Va 11

Mylius A. D., Detroit, Mich 12

Paillet 1-... Paris, France 15

Parry Wm., Parry, N. J 10

Parsons R. B. & Co., Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Parsons & Sons Co. Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Plentv Jos., New York and Phila Fly-leaf page 2

PrattBros., Rochester, N. Y' 12

Raoux C, New York 6, 17

Rendle Arthur E. , New York Fly-leaf page 1

Rolker August & Sons, New York .3, 8

Saul John, Washington, D. C 14, 17

.Schmidt J. C, Erfurt, Germany 21

Schultheis Bros., New York 6

Seal Thom.as F., Unionville, Chester Co., Pa 13

Smith David, Boston, M.ass 7

Smiths, Powell & Lamb, Syracuse, N. Y 15

Stewart Wm. J., Philadelphia and Boston 11

Storrs A Harrison Co., Painesville, 0 8

Straiten A Storm, New York , 11

Studer Nicholas, Washington, D. C 14

Swain R. A., Philadelphia 9

Swayne Wm., Kennett Square, Pa 11

Thorbum J. M. A Co., New York Fly-leaf page 1

Van Geert A., Ghent, Belgium 16

Vanhome, Griifen A Co., New York Fly-leaf page 2

Vaughan j. C, Chicago, III Fly-leaf page 2

Wallem A Son, Ledeburg, Belgium 13

Waterer H., Philadelphia 18

Weathered Thomas W., New York 10

Welch Bros., Boston, Mass II

Wilks S., Chicago, Ills 8

Young Thomas, Jr., New York 11

AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

By" Shirlky Hibbbrd.

A handy guide to tbecoD»truction and maDagement of plant
houses and the selection, cultivation and improvement of orna-
mental greenhouse and conservatory plants. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages, cloth, 12mo.
Price 83.00. Sent by mall postpaid on receipt of price.

Address CUAS. U. MAROT, SHChestnut St., Phila.

SITUATIONS WANTED.

Advertisemeats under this head must be paid for in advance, witn
the order, at rate of $i.oo for each 36 words per insertion.

BY first-class florist and gardener ; competent in hot-house,
grapery, stove plants, orchids and rose growing. Pri-
vate place preferred. Chas. Bartels, care J. M. Gasser, 71
Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.

BY gardener, married, Protestant ; perfectly competent
and trustworthy in charge of gentleman's place. Under-
stands all branches. 20 yrs' experience. Good ref. Gardener,
careCapt, G. S.Wright, Throg's Neck, Westchester Co., N.Y.

AS rose grower and propagator ; full knowledge, i oth
branches for all purposes. 10 yrs' experience commer-
cial places. Competent for general line florists' plants ; tem-
perate. Best references. Rose Grower, 1208 S. 15th, Phila.
BY practical gardener, florist, vegetable grower. Skillful
propagator of roses, grapes, foreign, domestic. 40 years'
in all branches. State wages; how much glass; private or
commercial. C. L. G., 277 Jetferson Ave., Kochester, N. Y.

F

(\0 DPI\|X 6 Acres in Danville, Ills. Excellent sit-

uation for Nursery and (;ireenhouse.
I .Kiuall house on place. 'Questions answereil pronxptly.
MRS. E. M. REYNOLDS, Danville, Vermillion County, »]s.
cnrt lar^e size Hermosa Roses.
*IUU (uit-door [rruwn, Applv
WM. DIDOEN. Mt. Morlah Lane and
Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

For Sale

F. E. McAllister,

Seed Merchant and Importer,

No, 22 Dey St., Bet. Broaflway anil Ctali St.,

NETWr YORK,

NOW READY.

MAY KING, Best STRAWBERRY.

EARLY CLUSTER, BEST BLACKBERRY.

ALL OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

Comet and other PearTrees,&c.
JOHX S. COLLINS,

iUJORESTOWN, N.J.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMUEL B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation, Culture and Histonr of tb©
Rose. Ulustrateil. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price $1.S). Sent
by mail post-paid on roceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

(^BEFORE BOTIMG GtASS.-- ESTIMATES

'JiOS ^ Xai^OO 'K

M

'saaa-iOH 'sasnoH-ioH 'saraadvas -»
'saiHOivAHasNOO 'sasnoHKaaas 2

ZSssay on Roses.

Paper, pp. 24.

BY MRS. M. D. M'ELLCOME.

Illustrated.

Price, 15 cents.

Mrs. Wellcome writes with enthusiasm, and from a
thorough knowledge, and a consideraV)le experience. AU
lovers of roses and all amateur horticulturists will tind the
little monograph inteiesting and suggestive." — Boston
Journal.

Sent by mall, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

[One-fourth full size.]

THE MINERAL INKSTAND.

Composed of twenty ditteient minerals, petrifacti'ms, crys-
tals, fossils, and gems of the great Rocky Mountain regions
of Wyoming, Colorado and other parts of the Far West,
comprising gold, silver, copper and iron ores, agates, ame-
thysts, topazes and other precious stones, of rainbow hues.
The natural and brilliant tints of the various specimens
make it a cabinet of rare beauty. It combines instructi"n
with utility, and is an epitome of the mineral wealth of the
"Rockies." A splendid ornament for the desk, shelf or
table, or a novel and hvstjnggiftto a friend. Sent, post-paid
for $2.50 on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Every IflToman

HER OWN FLOWER GARDENER.

BY DAISY EYEBRIOIIT.

Illustrated. 148 pages, small Svo, cloth. Price, $1.00; by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PMla.

"roses and rose culture.

By Wm. Vaul. F.R.H.S.
The rationale of Rose cultivation in a nut-shell. Intended to
place within a small compass all that is necessary fur the successful
cuhivadon of the " Queen of Flowers." 83 pages, i2mo, paper-
boards. Price, 60 cents. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.
814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

UniTersal Merest TaSs

At 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 per cent, computed by
George William Jones
of Cornell University, and guaranteed correct. Pp. 120,
16 mo, cloth, limp. Price, 50 cents. Mailed post-paid.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FARMING

WITH
ON PLUMCROVE FARM,

BY C. HAKLAN. M.D.

269 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price$1.00, mailed, po.'it-paid, on receipt
ofprice Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND HORTICULTURIST

-For 1885-

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE,

S2.00 PER YEAR.

S11(n'^(PRI(Rl^iR''5 "* requested to send at least one NEW name with their own. If possitM».
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When editions are exhausted, the series is broken, as we do not reprint.

A TkT '^ ^/ mU A X!'T^X11T^\TW of the December Number, 1885, will be issued to meet an
A.^ .r^X 1 rC.A XjUAXXUJM extra demand. It will be an ATTRACTIVE NUMBER for
READERS and AD^'KKT1SERS. We will add still further to the number of copies issued if orders for extra numbers
are received on or before the 16th of November. After that date the edition determined on, to the best of our ability
to estimate, will be all that are available for current demands. Advertisers will do well to get their copy and orders in
our hands for December on or before November 15th, to secure insertion.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

Greenhouse Heating a Specialty.

Hot Water Heating, Steam Heating, and the combination of Steam and Water.

Fr&:UTa!ii(lsr!iiyaiiUo!!ieIls:oralioR,

Together with General laformation for Sportsmen.

By JOSEPH H. BATTY,

Tajcidermist for the Hayden Expedition and other GovernmeDt
Surveys, and many of the leading Colleges and Museums of the
United States. Author of " How to Hunt and Trap," etc. 125
Illustrations. i2mo, cloth. Price, J1.50. Mailed, post-paid, on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 8i4Chestnut St., Phila

The CHEMISTRY of the FARM

BY. K. WAKLNGTON, F. C. S.

A most Taluable Work, which should be in the Hands of
Farmers, Gardeners and Tillers of the soil generally. It
presents the relations of Chemistry to Agriculture in amos.
popular manner. 12mo, cloth. Price, post-paid, $1.00.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Plilla.

Red Flowering Dogwood

AND OTHER NOVELTIES.
Kissena Nurseries.

Trees and Plants.
Parsons&SonsCo.,

Flushing, N. Y.

ftf

AT THE OLD NURSERIES OF

R.B.PAR80N8&C0.

Young and thrifty plants of the best FLOWERING
SHRUBS, fine size, at low rates.

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, strong, 1 year »10 per 100

" '■ " very strong, 2 years, 13 "

CAMELLIAS,lto2feet 15 "

CLEMATIS, tine sorts 20 "

WISTARIAS and HONEYSUCKLES 10

ARDISIAS. GARDENIAS. DAPHNES. HYDRANGEA PANICU-
LATA. CHINESE AZALEAS, AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, and other
^;llL■;lble stock in large c|uantity. Address,

BOX 603, FLUSHING, N. Y.

GARDEN

AND

FARM

BY PETER HENDERSON.

Embraces within its scope the following subjects : Popu-
lar Bulbs and their culture.— Window Gardening, and Care
of Plants in Rooms.— Prop.ogation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
ing in Winter.— Greenhouse Structures, and Modes of Heat-
ing.— Formation and Renovation of Lawns. — Onion Grow-
ing,—How to Raise Cabbage and Cauliflower.— On the Grow-
ing and Preserving, of Celery.— The New Celery, " White
Plume."— Strawberry Culture.— Root Crops for Farm Stock.
—Culture of Alfalfa or Lucerne — Manures and their Modes
of Application.— Market Gardening around New York, —
The Use of the Feet in Sowing and Planting.— Popular
Errors and Scientific Dogmas in Horticulture. — Humbugs
in Horticulture.— Draining. Cloth, 12 mo, 244 pages, price
$1.50 ; by mail, nost paid. Address,
CHAS. H. M.\ROT, 81 1 Chestnut St., Phila.

Art of Propagation.

A Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and Every-
body, 32 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 26 cuts, price 80
cents. Mailed, postage free, on receipt o( price.

Address CHAS. H. MAR6t. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

TOPICS

EDITED BY THOMAS MEEHAN

Vol. XXVll. No. 323.

(Combined Magazines, Fortietli Year.)

NOVEMBER, 1885.

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

^1

'^.. d

r^ffextcyt,^

[Entered at the Post Office, at PhUadel.hia, Pa., as second-class matter

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

It Is published on the first of every month at the office, No. 814 CHESTNUT STREET,
PHIIjADELPHIA, where all BUSINESS relating to subscription or advertising- should be addressed.

[t^gf" Communications, Copy and Packages for the Editor should be addressed to THOMAS
MEEHAN, GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, POSTAGE PAID, $2.00.

Subscriptions discontiiiuccl only on notice to that effect.

ADVERTISING RATES IN THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY:

^icoU J^col. ii col. !^col. }^col. 1 col. Ipage,

or or or or or or or

12 lines. 16 lines. 2-( lines. 32 lines. 48 lines. 96 lines. 192 lines.

One Insertion $3.00 S4.00 S5.50 S7.00 $10.00 Slg.OO S3S.O0

rwo times, eacll 2.90 3.90 5.00 6.80 9.0O 17.00 33.00

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Five " " 3.55 3.40 4.25 5.95 7.65 13.60 25.50

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Eight " " 3.05 3.75 3.45 4.80 0.15 10.95 20.50

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Twelve lines nonpareil is J^ col. A less space than i4 col. wUl be furnished at same rate per line as % col.
For space on FLY-LEAF and COVER PAGES, also FIRST PAGE advertisements facing last reading page, 20 per
cent, advance on above rates will be charged.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

CONTENTS OF THE NOVEMBER NUMBER.

SEASONABLE HINTS :

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

Greenhouse and House Gardening

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening

COMMUNICATIONS :

Tobacco Stems and .\shes

Nicotiana afBnis— A New Annual

Euphorbias for Embankments

Planting Tuberose Sets for Sets and Bulbs ....

Roses Grown in Georgia

Sedums in Ornamental Gardening

Lobelia Cardinalis

Steam Heating a Success

Pentas Carnea

New Roses

Dendrobium Dearii

A Talk about Mushrooms

The Corsican Pine for Timber

A Fine Specimen of Amelauchier Canadensis.

Extracts from a Botanist's Journal

Good Words for the Prinos and Holly

Local Names of Plants

American Pomological Society

321
327
331

323

323
321
32-1
325

326
328
328
329
329
332
336
337
339
312
314
347

liDITORIAL NOTES :

The Japan Snowball— Evergreen Hedges for the

South— The Beauty of the Oaks 826

The Sea Onion— The Palm House at Giasnevin,

near Dublin— Seedling Ferns 329-831

Ridiculous Names for Fruits— Identical Fruits—
The Globe Peach— Root Fungus and Yellows—
Pluni Culture — Specimens c)f Fruits and Plants—
Roesch's Vineyards — The Jerusalem Artichoke

—The Pea Beetle in the Lxst Century 333-834

Host Plants of the Mistletoe— The Atamasco
Lilies — Innnediate Influence of Pollen on Fruit.. 811
Postage on Monthly Magazines— Watson's Nur-

series Brenham,Texas— John Thorpe— Dr. Regel
— .\ndrew J. Moore— George W. Clinton— Now
Work in the U. .S. Agricultural Department —
Materia Medica — Orchard and Garden— Popular

Gardening 345-346

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society : Fifty-sixth
Annual E.xhibition— New York Horticultural So-
ciety's Chrysanthemum Show — Massachusetts
Horticultural Society— Meetings of Local Horti-
cultural Societies — Chrysanthemum Shows —
New Orleans Exposition 349-352

SCRAPS AND QUERIES :

Red-flowered Elder — Hardiness of Alstroemeria

— Callicai'pa Americana 326-327

Improved Amaryllises — Loss by Gas — Black

Aphis 331

Newtown Pippin Apple — Eaton Grape — Fire
Blight in the Pear — Ulster Prolific Grape—
Hautbois Strawberry — Grapes from Green M'ood
Cuttings— Dotted and Russetted Apples— Kala-
mazoo Celery— Fruit ot the Japan Chestnut 335-336

Salix fragilis for Tanning — Growth of Trees at

R:ihway, N. J.— Change ot Climate 3.38-339-

The Mistletoe in Virginia — Dead Trees in Louis-
ville-Mistletoe in South Carolina 841-342

Intelligent Readers— Wliere to Locate- Forcing
Strawberries 316-347

FLOWER GARDEN * PLEASURE GROUND. 321-3.'7

GREENHOUSE AND HOUSE GARDENING 327-331

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDENING. 331-338

FORESTRY .33«-:!.'i9

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE 339-342

LITEltATURE, TRAVELS & PERSONAL NOTES 312-347
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES 347-352

Fly-leaf.]

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Prices to the trade i.p n ajiplirat.on to

Daffodils,

Paper White Narcissus,

Lilium Longiflorum,

Lllium Candidum,

L|l y of the Valley Pips,

Dutch Hyacinths,

^ Tu Mps,

In large varieties, expressly for Florists' Use.

New Seed of CBNTAUREA CANDI-
DISSIMA at $2.50 per ounce.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

tel2

15 John Street,

New York.

Conservatories, Greenhouses, Graperies,

&c., ERECTED IN ANY PART OF THE UNION. GLAZED ON

Rendle's Patent Acme System

WITHOUT PUTTY.

HiiKTKULTrKAL ilAl.l., NKW (IIILKA.NS.

ERECTED AND GLAZED BY ARTHUR E. RENDLE OF NEW YORK.

Gold and Silver Medals were awarded to two model Conservatories, each 16x20,
Exhibited at the World's Exposition, New Orleans.

Estimates, Plans, Illustrated Catalogues, on application to au6

ARTHUR E. RXSKDI^C

HORTICULTURAL BUILDER AND HOT WATER ENGINEER, 2 WALL STREET, NEW YORK.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

[Fly-leaf.

OUR OWN IMPORTATION. TRUE TO NAME AND COLOR. SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

D. IiANORSZTH c£ SONS,

21 &, 23 S. Sixth St., and Delaware Ave. and Arch St., Philadelphia.

J.C.VAUGHAN,

SEEDSMAN,

42 La Salle St.,

CHICAGO.

BULBS^

GREEN

HOLLY

r CLOSING OUT.
Lily of Valley and
Spirsea Soon.

FOR CHRISTMAS
DECORATIONS.

LARGEST STOCK
t PROMPT SHIPMENT.

t

Baskets, Plumes and All Supplies.

JOS. PLENTY,

HORTICULTURAL ARCHITECT and BUILDER

Contracts taken for all kinds of GKEENHorSES, CoNSEitVATOKiES, Planthouses or Vineries of Improved
CONSTRtlCTiON, to be erected complete in all parts of tlie United States or Canada. Portable Conservatories a
specialty. Prices from S^SS.OO, eacb securely packed and sliipped f. o. b.to any partof the Union. Send for illustrated
circular. Correspondence solicited from all parties desirous of information or about to build. Architect's designs carried
out with great care. OFFICES : 144 Fearl Street, New fork ; 6 South Herrlck Street, Philadelphia. jel2

For^REEl^HOUSES, GRAPERIES, CONSE^^
HOT HOUSES AND HOT BEDS.

VANHORNE, GRIFFEN & CO.,

IMPORTERS OF FRENCH WINDOW GLASS, ALSO AMERICAN WINDOW GLASS. u.i>
131, 133, 135 & 137 Franklin St., New York City.

NOW READY FOR DELIVERY.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

Price 96.00 per Interleaved Copy, by mail post-paid.

SUPPLEMENT A.— A separate work, with Nurserymen,
Seedsmen, Florists and Fruit Growers of England, Ireland,
Scotland, Wales and Channel Islands. If taken with the
Horticultural Directory, ?1.00 additional per copy. If with-
out it, 81 50 per copy.

SUPPLEM ENT B.— Also a separate work, of Nurserymen,
Seedsmen and Florists of Austria, Bavaria, BelKium, Den-
mark, France, Germany, Holland. Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Russia, Saxony, SwcU'ii. Norway, Switzerland, Wurtera-
berg, Brazil, India, .Japan, Australia, New Zealand and
South Airica. Pri<.:L', il taken with Horticultural Directory,
81.00 additional. If separate, SI. 50. The 3 together for 88.50.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

SCOTT'S

'S

CURRENT EDITION.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
Tree Dealers, &c., for the United States. Alphabetically
arranged by States and Post Offices. 372 pages, 8 yo. Price,
810.00. Mailed post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

Grand Collection of all the Best Varie Ics, embracing the latest Novelties, Separate and in Mixture. Strictly First
class Seed only. Send for Now Seed Price List, issued AUGUST 1st.
»12_ ALBERT BENZ, Pouglaston. N. Y.

49- SEE FIBST FAOB FACING COVER.-«»

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Wholesale Price List for Florists

OP

BULBS«^ PLANTS

FOR-

WINTER FLOWERING

NOW READY AND MAILED FREE ON APPLICATION NOW READY

PETER HENDERSON&CO.

SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS,

35 & 37 Cortlandt Street,

NEW YORK.

August R6lker:^Sons

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

Seeds, Bulbs ^^ Florists' Supplies.

Price Lists mailed free to the trade on application, when business card is enclosed.

WAREHOUSES at No. 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK.

For Letters, Address P. O. BOX 899.

. FIR TREE OIL

vl DuBUCiDE, Iowa, May 13th, 1885.

'C* Messrs. AUG. EaLKERA Sons, N. Y.:
^ Dear Sirs— I have some Fir Tree Oil yet, but will need more after awhile | we

C3 have almost annihilated "Mealy Bug" here, our greatest pest, generally. I dilute

g one part in fifteen hot water and it combines at once and is certain death to the bug.

'y>r I find it good for cleansing foliage as well as an Insecticide.

• ' Yours, W. A. Hakkett.

To be bought through any respectable Seed House in the larger towns.
In hall pint bottles at 60 cts. Smaller bottles, 25 cts. etch.
For larger quantities address,

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS,

The Sole Agents l»r America. P. O. Box 899, or 44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

HER MAJESTY.

Circulars and Price List of this Wonderful New Hybrid Perpetual Rose Now
Ready, and will be sent on application. Plants Ready for Delivery Dec. 15th.

-^ SURPLUS STOCK--!ERY CHEAP ^Si^

lOO PERLES 4-lN. POTS

200 CORNELIA COOK 4 "

too " " 5 "

lOO BON SILENE 4

lOO " •' 5 "

100 " " 6 "

150 NIPHETOS 3-IN. POTS

300 " 5 "

200 CATHERINE rMERMETS 3
300 '* " 4 "

200 '• •• 5

500 SOUVENIR D'UN AMI 4

lOO " " " 6 "

All the above Roses are extra strong and in splendid condition, being grown especially for Winter flowering.

500 ASPARAGUS TENUSISSIMUS 3-IN. POTS

200 " ** 6

300 ADIANTUM CUNEATUM 6 • "

lOOO VIOLETS MARIE LOUISE «S- WRITE FOR PRICES. -««

Boman Hyacinths, Candiduin Lily and Paper WWte Narcissus ready September 1st. Lily of tlie Valley in

November. Prices very low.

" Wll I lAM PRANPIQ RTMNPTT " I have obtained from Mr. Evans the exclusive agency for the
■»'^-»-"*"' rn«llUI«J Dbllllbl I. sale of this celebrated Rose in Western Pennsylvania. Circulars
and price list on application. I will deliver the Roses in Pittsburgh and vicinity free of express charges. Before order-
ing Bennetts it will pay to correspond with me. I have the finest and healthiest stock of this Rose in the country.

BENJ. A. ELLIOTT, 54 Sixth St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

MARSCHUETZ & BACHARACH,

25 NORTH FOURTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.,

IMPORTERS OF AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

Bouquet Papers (Italiens), Pasted Cartons,

Immortelles, Dried Grasses and Flowers,

Ornamental Crass Bouquets, Mosses,
Wire Designs, Tin Foil,

Swiss Moss and Fancy Baskets.

« MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF BASKETS FOR FLORISTS"

Illustrated Catalogue free on application. Orders will receive careful attention and prompt shipment. apl2

TO THE TRADE

Our Special List for November, is now ready and offers a
full line of ORNAMENTAL and WINTER-BLOOMING
PLANTS. NOVELTIES and SPECIALTIES.

"We call your special attention to our fine stock of Pansies,
which are in elegant condition to grow for flowers during
the winter, and can be supplied at very low prices during
November only. Strong flowering plants, SI. 50 per 1()0;
1810.00 per lOOO.

HENRY A. DREER, Seedsman and Florist,

714 Cherttnut Street, Phlla.

Mason & Hamlin

ORGANS :

Highest Hon-
ors at ull Great
World's Eshl-
titlonsfor eigh-
tet-n yeara. One
Ltmdred styles,
f22. to $yoo.
For Cash, Easy
Paym.'nts or
Kentod. ('al:i-
logUL'B free,

PIANOS:

Ni.'W mode of
ptrlntjinp. Do
not require one-
quariiT as
much tuulnpas
riunos OD tbo
p r e V a I li n e
■' w resi-pln'*
s vst em. Rc-
ruirlaitjlo for
purify of lone
uiid ilur;iblllty.

ORGAN AND PIANO CO.

154 Tremont St., 8os4on, 46 E. 14th St, (Union Sq), N. Y. o8
149 Wabash Ave., Chicago. eom

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Heating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

Base-Burning Water Heater
Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLBBCKER STREET,

NEW YORK.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

ALSO,

Olf HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS,

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler. __ ^«^ _.__. ,

Five sizes. fatented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873. I 'C\P \^/ H^ HvjTC J Mi^^,

IMPROVED

Sash-raising apparatus.

Lifting-Rods fo[ Sashes,

£tc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler,

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877.

Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Cata-
logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

SPECIAL OFFER! FINE 2 YEAR OLD BUODED ROSE BUSHES!

All budded on Seedling Briar Roots. Our Roses will come on own roots in one year when planted one inch lower
than where budded. Any kind budded on briars will produce liner flowers when f»n own roots. The poorest growing
kinds are always the best— take Baroneys, Mabel Morrison, Mdlle. Eug. Verdier, Van Houtte and 100 more. All these
will hardly make any growth. If at all, on own roots. There is no one, we suppose, who believes that weak growing
kinds, even when budded on strong growers like Briar and Manetti. will produce stronger growth when on their own
roots. Cheapest prices for Trade offered by us, regarding quality of plants we ship. Selection of following left to
purchaser : Centifolias, Provence Roses, Monthly, Austrian, Moss— single and double flowering. Bourlion and Hybrid
Perpetual Roses, SIO per 100. Tea and Noisette, $12 per 100. Special prices for newer kinds. PANSY SEED.— The best
10 varieties, each separate, 1000 corns. 50 cents ; ^Ao?.., $2.50. Seeds from exhibition flowers, 47 varieties, mixed, ^^ oz.,
$1.50; Moz.,$2.75; 1 oz., $.5. SCHULTHEIS BROTHERS. Specialists of Roses and FaDsy Seeds, &o., P.O. Box
78, College Point, Qaeens Co., N, Y, The largest Rose Nursery in the world. Write for Catalogue. tjll2

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

Established in 1857,

NO.
P. O. Box 2956.

236 FE.A.1EVL.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES :
O. G. VAN TUBERGEN. Jr.. Seedsman and Florist, -----
JOHN STEWART & SONS, Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,

STREET,

New York City.

Haarlem, Holland.
Dundee, Scotland.

LEV A VAS.SEU R & FILS, li'urserymen and Florists, - - ' Ussy, France,

LENAULT IIUET, Nurseryman and Florist,
PIERRE 8EBIRE, Nurseryman and Florist,
COCHET-AUBIN & FILS. Rose Growers,

Ussy, France.
Ussy, France.
Grisy-Suisnes, France.

EUGENE VERDIER FILS AINE, Florist ; New Gladioluses, Roses, Faeonias, etc., a specialty, Paris, France.
V. LEMOINE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, ...... Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - Ollioules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,
Whose Cataloerues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. jalS

FERRIS <&rHAINES,l/Vholesale Florists.

CONSIGNMENTS SOLICITEI>.

Reference: LINCOLN NATIONAL BANK, NEW YORK.

* THE INDEPENDENT *

AND

The Gardeners' Montlily

"Win both be sent, one year each, to any person not a sub-
scriber to The Independent, for S4.00. The regular
price of both is 86.00. Make remittances to The Inde-
pendent, P. O. Box 2787, New York.

The Pall Mall Gazette says : " The Independent 'is one
of the ablest weeklies in existence.' "

THE INDEPENDENT.

RHODODENDRONS. AZALEAS. &c.

ANTHONY WATERER, Knap's Hill Nursery, Woking

Station, England. Apply to

H. WATERER, Importer and Exporter ol Plants,

56 North 38tl< Street, Phlladelplila.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber PlantatlooB, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
LowestPrices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free

inhi3

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

Hyacinths, Tulips,

CROCX7S, XalXalES,

and all other Bulbs for planting in the

autumn ; also

Bulb <;iasses, Fancy FLower Pots, Feru

Cases, Winter-Flowering Plants.

The largest and finest assortment in the
country.

PRICES MODERATE.

Descriptive Catalogue mailed to all appli-
cants FREE.

HENRY A. DREER,

714 Chestnut St.. Ptilla.Pa.

OeiENm PEARS!

^1 "iitics. LeConte "'"i Kieffer

I'l .UMiiilliciro»nni,it>. Bartlettmid

..iinT i.iMi's on i.ci'..iii.- r,..,ts ; Peen
To '>'i(i Honey i'.-iuli.s ; Russian
Apricots "11 plum ; Peaches fn
plum luui i.sicii Russian Apples.

CiIiiliiKUi-, with fiii'ts.frcr. A liirKeand
tr.iicrul Ksscirhiunt ..f Fruit Trees.
Address W. F. HEIKES, ManaB-cr,
lluntHTlIle NuncrieB, Huntsville, Ala*

LOUIS BOEHMER,

EXPORTER OF

J

NOS. 4, 5

Piit'os on application.

I
<Sc 28

[fl'i]

,&c.

BLXTFF-,

YOKOHAMA, JAPAN.

A CENTS WANTED-OJOCK-nOCTOR

§\ FOR THE PICTORIAL COMPLETE ■^-'->^^'^'^ L^^^^^ ' \^W\.

Eml.ni.ni^ H,.i-.s.riiUl..,,M„-, 11, h» l-,.ullrv. Il.'i-» uii.l ].,,,-«. Rv Hun. .1 r,l uun andllr. A It. TliikiT. U. S.

Kiiibrai'int; il

Cuvii-.vcrvhUl.j. _

Ok-'-- "I H.M-S.S and Cntll.-. 72© Klil-n.~un.-v~.nd T4 i'ul

NOW! Exclusive Territory. Book absolutel

!t8 trulu Ai/i-i.t's Ri-nort ''

I'uullrv. Il.Tsand I

Stock of Farm i

"Eztructs Iroui Agc-nt'B Riijorl/' etc., uddrtss N. D.

Rv II. .n. .1, r.iuunun.lHr. A. II. Ilakur.V. S.
>tM HI Health and Disease. T»,..iu.iiv furiiiiinir
r.d ri,,(.-H. Farmers Clear $100 a month. ACT

y without Competition, K..r(.'unlldrntuil TriinH and
Thompson Pub. Co., St. Louis, Mo., or New York.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER,

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Ch'aperies, Conservatories, Propagating Houses, Far-
cing Fits, Puhlic and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying
Hoonis, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO K£EP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies. ^

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

86 BEVERLY SX3REET,

mylS BOSTON, HH/^SS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

P. & E. TRANSON,

NURSERIES,

ORLEANS, FRANCE,

Beg to inform their American friends anil customers generally that their

New List for 1885 and 1886

Is now ready and may be bad on application to

Messrs. Knauth, Nachod & Kuhne,

5 & n, WILLIAM ST., lEH YORK.

This Catalogue contains Wholesale Prices of all the Frait Tree Stocks ; au extensive list of Fruit Trees, New and
Hardy Ornameutal Plants, Climbers, the Hardiest and Best Conifers and Roses on their own Roots. Also,
Small Conifers, Decidnous and Kvergreen Ornamental Trees, 1 &2 years' Seedlings, most useful for Nurserymen.

**• N. B.— The greatest attention given to packing. tn5

THE TRADE

will find the largest and best
assorted stock of all kinds of

THE TRADE

FLOHSTS' EEQUISITES

Such as Bouquet Papers, Immortelles, Everlastings, Moss, Milkweed Balls, Pampas
Plumes and other Ornamental Grasses, Wire Designs for Cut Flowers, Baskets, plain
and fancy, etc., also a full line of choicest Florists' Seeds and Forcing Bulbs, all at
reasonable prices, at ttf

Address P. O. Box 899.

44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

.A.. BI..A.NC

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS,

8EEDSMJ N AND NCRSEKIMEN

10.000 Electros for above. For Rale
(■lH'ai>. .Sfiid 2Bc. for large illustrated
book ami deduct from 1st order. No
one can oouinete with me in prices
for New work.

-50,000«

Choice Pansy Seedlings

AT $5.00 PER lOOO, BY

C. RIBSAM & SON, Florists and Seedsmen,

TRENTON, N. J.

G. F, A. HIIICHS,

29, 31 & 33 Park Place,

YORK CITY.

OR BULB GLASSES

shapes.

Plain and Decorated Crocus Pots,
Bee Hives and other shapes. Jardin-
iere with or without China Decorated
Pots. Bouquet Tubes and Glasses,
Vases, &c , for decorating tables, as
well as other ornamental goods for
flower dealer and gardener.

C.VTALOGUES ON AIM'LICATION.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, PubHc and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

They are (Guaranteed to be the Host Powerful, Durable and Eco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Country.

We are also mannfactiiring; all tlxe various sizes of MYERS'
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &;c
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price List.

1173 South Ninth Street,

THOS. J. MYERS, Manager.

aptf

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

10

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

InproTed Boi Water Mers

-FOFt HEI/^TINCr-

MMm, Graimrles, Gonseryatorieii, Propaptiii iisiis, k.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No, 46 Marion Street, Ne^»^ York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dij

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

II

Jt^ Send for Circular and conditions of insertion under this heading.'SIl

H. S. ANDERSON, Fruit Trees, Small THOMAS MEEHAN,

Fruits, Roses. &c., Union Springs, N.Y. Nurser>nian& Tree Seeds, Germant'n.PhiL

GENERAL BULB CO., Vogelenzang (Hoi- D. 0. MUNSON, Apple Seedlings. Munson
land). N.Y. Agency. 19 Broadway, myia ! Hill Nurseries, Falls Church, Va.

J. M. RULIFSON, Fruit & Ornamental

Trees, Vines & Small Fruits, Mobile, Ala.

A. WHITCOMB, Bedding and Greenhouse
Plants, Lawrence, Kansas.

Wm. J. Stewart,

—WHOLESALE DEALER IN—

CUT FLOWERS

0 FLORISTS' SUPPLIES,

fl2

67 Bromfield St., Boston

1518 Chestnut St., Phila.

TREES AND PLANTS

Norway Maple, 10 to 16 feet; ditto, 7 to 9 feet; ditto,
3 to 6 ft., for Nurserynien. Sugar Maple, 10 to 16 ft. Norway
Spruce, IJ^ to "ft., large stock. Balsam Fir, 2 to 7 ft. Si-
berian Arborvitae, l}^ to "^ ft. Reid's Golden Arbor\'itEe, l^
to 3 ft. Carnations and Calla Lily, strong plants for Winter
forcing. Nursery and Greenhouses within two minutes'
walk of Christiana Station, on P. R. R. Send for prices.
s3 W. P. BRINXON, Cbristiaua» Lancaster Co., Pa.

Clematis Coccinea.

I have from 10,000 to 15,000 very fine plants and will sell
them to the trade at the following prices : Plants weighing
one oz. and over 810 per 110 ; all less than one oz. but heavy,
850 per 1000; small plants, «25 per 10(iO. Terms cash be-
fore shipping. Also Antigonon Leptopus Seeds, 1000
seeds for SI.

WM. RADAM,

Nurseryman and Florist,

Austin, Tex.

Indian Azaleas,

TRADE SIZES AND SPECIMENS.

Mollis and Gbent Azaleas, RhododeDrons, Camellias,
Orchidsi Palme and General European Stuck. Apply to

A.. VA-PT GEEFIT,

mbtf Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

For Sale

Iris Germanica, Herbaceous
Pseonies, Chrysanthemums,

AI'PLY TO o2

JOHN CURWEN, Jr., Villa Nova, Delaware Co., Pa.

TOBACCO STEMS,

In bales weighing 500 lbs. each, at S6.00 per bale, or three
bales for 812.00.

TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board of boats or cars.

ni2 Straiton & Storm,

204-208 Bast 27th St., New York City.

GEO. MULLEN, Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School St., near Parker House,) BOStOn, MaSS.
Flowers carefully packed and shipped to any part of the
country. Send for Price List. Special rates on regular lots.
Orders by mail, telegraph or express promptly attended to.
Immortelles, Immortelle lettering. Wire Designs, Coil Wire
Tinfoil, Bleached Wheat, Match Sticks, Toothpicks, con-
stantly on hand and sold at lowest wholesale rates. (For-
merly with W. J. Stewart.) tdl2

Carnation Plants

I offer for sale Fine Thrifty Carnation Plants, grown in
field all Summer. Will be ready Sept. Send for Catalogue.

THOMAS F. SEAL,

utf Unionville. Chester Co., Pa.

BOSTON TEA ROSES

Carefully packed and shipped to all points in Western and
Middle States, at lowest Boston marKet prices. Price list
of Flowers and Florists' supplies sent on application.

WELCH BROS.,

nz

WHOLESALE FLORISTS.
165 Tremout Street, lioston. IVlass.

THOMAS YOUNG, Jr.,

WHOLESALE

No. II West 27th Street,

NS'Ur YORK.

.»-CHOICE ROSES A SPECIALTY.-«»

I

^

Wm. Francis Bennett, out of 2-incb pots, S6.00 per doz.

Quotation.s furnished at 100 rates.
13 Best Varieties of Double Petunias. 81 for the full set.
20 Best Varieties of Verbenas, «3.60per 100.

Cash with order from unknown correspondents, or satis-
factory reference.
oi2 DE WITT BROS., Bristol, Pa.

I SALARY $75
tj SldO for

lour business
In hiB locality. Responsible house. References ex-
ctianged. GAY ifc CO., Iti Barclay St.,:i« Y«

Man Wanted'

s3

London Gardener's Chronicle

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers in the U. S. foi
86.35 per year. Apply to

CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent, 814 Chestnut St..PhiU.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THE EMPIRE STATE GRAPE

FOR FALL OF 1885 AND SPRING OF 1886.

We are now prepared to offer this Celebrated New White Grape to the general trade without restrictions as to

propagation, at the following prices :

1-year, Very Strong, S 60.00 per hundred.

1-year, |^ " $500.00 per thousand.

2-years, * S 80.00 per hundred.

NURSERYMEN AND DEALERS issuing Trade Lists, are invited to quote Empire State in their lists for the
couniig Fall and Spring. We make the usual allowance to the Trade on all orders amounting to 825 or more.
DEALERS AND AGENTS will find the Empire State a splendid specialty in their trade, and we .shall be pleased
to supply all such with Plates, Circulars and Vines, at the lowest prices, and new testimonials as fast as issued.

t83

PRATT BROTHERS, Rochester, N. Y.

TO IMPORTERS OF ROSES.

Cranston's Nursery and Seed Co., Limited,

PROPRIETORS OF

TEE MBm^f BOSS momma TME ,,^..

Have over HALF A MILLION ROSE PLANTS for sale, and are prepared to book orders for delivery in the
Fall. All the leading varieties, suitable for forcing, can be supplied in large, as well as small quantities, as we grow
from 1,000 to 10,000 of each sort. Visitors to England are cordially invited to inspect our Nurseries, and we shall be
pleased to answer any enquiries as to the best and nearest route, Ac. Before giving away your orders, write for our
Catalogues, which will be mailed free of chaii;e. Special prices on application.

CRANSTON'S NURSERY AND SEED CO., Limited,

^»* KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD, ENGLAND.

PURDY'S

FRIIT RECORDER,'^

r dropped from $1.0O to SOo.'^

per year, y/jc .fi.'rf Fruit and'^,
mi HI V ^L'^^^'ER Paper published in this
'la* country. Specimen free. '
'J* speaks for ilsrlf.

, **xr:Bt.i3-5r's sm.vll frcit'^

) liySTRLX'TOR, the most /m./uni work,

. printed on growing b.\IALL P KUlTS ; postpaid, i

^X only 25 els. • r r j

t^^CATALOGl'E OF NuRSERY StoCK, ^

.Small Fruit, Flower & Vegetable .'
' , .Seed, &c., filled with /rni/rVa/
Items and suggestions, free to all.^

i^^ V Postage Stamps for A'JJ .

^^^ ^ amoiinia thai "

^~ - ** Postal Noi

1 Jl.liii ncceiit.'H. butj
s preferred. Address ^

J.M.PURDY,^
PALMYRA,^'
^'^ N.Y.

^rf>

The Flowering Plants,

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF

GREAT BRITAIN

And their allies,

the Clab MosseBr
Horsetails.

Pepperwortfl and

By ANNIE PUATT,
« vols, octavo, cloth, gilt. 31!) full colored plates. Illustra-
ting 1.M3 gpeides figured with index in each vol. with botanl-
cal and common name referring to plate, figure and paper.
Price $32.60 sent post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Fhlla.

TO NURSERYMEN.

PEACH PITS!

A large Btnck Choice Southern NntiimJ

Pcnch PitN« Belected from original Hfcilliug
Treea in TenneHsoe which areentirely free fn'm
YeUows or diwoiLse at 50 yearn ol' age.

SAMPLES AND PRICES ON APPLICATION.

JOHNSON & STOKES, Seedsmen

219Marliet street, PHILADKLPHIA. PA.

Wl

"iJ ^*^ ®^y '^ Chromo Hidden Name C»rdi, 1 OcGame n3
ajAutboni.lOc. Acme Card Foctory,Cllntonvm«,Ct. eom

IIJOBIODS TO FBOITS.

By Wm. .Saunders, F. R. S. C.

Dedicated to the Fruit Growers of America. 8 vo., cloth,
pp. 438. Illustrated with 440 Wood Cuts. Price 83.00 by
mail, post-paid. Address,

CHA8. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Alt of Crafting and Budding

IJy CHARLES UALTET,
Appropriately ami fully illustrated by 186 cuts, showing
methods, tools anil appliances. Pp. 230, 12 mo. cloth, flexi-
ble. Price $1.2.') mailed, postage free. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street Phlla.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER,

»3

FRUIT TREE STOCKS ♦^ FRUIT TREE STOCKS

SPECIAL CULTURE

LPAILLET,

Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), near Paris, France,

advises his numerous customers tbat he can now supply
any orders of Fruit Tree Stocks at a very moderate price.
Catalogue printed in English vpill he sent on demand.
Large orders will be supplied on very liberal and low prices. Special arrangements may bo made at
very cheap prices for shipments sent franco New York, all expenses paid and duties included. Orders
must be sent directly to L. PAILLBT. Money deposit to be sent to diy Bankers, Messrs. John
MuNROE, Nassau Street, New York City. Nurseries Established 1827. to6

■= CTflVF Flowering
a ^ ' ^'"^ and

W. S. ALLEN,

WHOLESALE DEALER IN

CUT FLOWERS

940 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

Offers to the trade the BEST QUALITY of NEW and
STANDARD varieties of ROSES and all other CUT
FLOWER.S. Packed in the most careful manner and at the
LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES for the CHOICEST QUAL-
ITY. Write for Price List. Consignments solicited. s8

[One-fourth full size.]

THE MINERAL INKSTAND,

Composed of twenty different minerals, petrifactions, crys-
tals, fossils, and gems of tlie great Rocky Mountain regions
of Wyoming, Colorado and other parts of the Far West,
comprising gold, silver, copper and iron ores, agates, ame-
thysts, topazes and other precious stones, of rainbow hues.
The natural and brilliant tints of the various specimens
make it a cabinet of rare beauty. It combines instruction
with utility, and is an epitome of the mineral wealth of the
"Rockies.'' A splendid ornament for the desk, shelf or
table, or a novel and lasting gift to a friend. Sent, post-paid
for ^.50 on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila,

ZSssay on Roses.

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

Paper, pp. 24. Illustrated. Price, 15 cents.

Mrs. Wellcome writes with enthusiasm, and from a
thorough knowledge, and a considerable experience. All
lovers of roses and all amateur horticulturists will find the
little monograph inteiesting and suggestive."— .Boston
Journal.

Sent by mall, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PLANTS -»-,,,.
Palms^Ferns and Lycopodiums.

BY THOMAS BAINES.

Full details of the Propagation and Cultivation of 60O
Families of Plants, embracing all the best kinds in
cultivation, suitable for growing in the Green-
house, Intel-mediate House and Stove.
Octavo, 362 pages, cJoth. Price. 8^5 50, by mail, post-paid
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The LANGUAGE and SENTIMENT of

FLOWERS

Including FLORAI, POETRY; with original illustrations
printed in colors, 310 pages, 16mo. Price, 81.25; by mail
post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Hand-book of Useful Tables

For the Lumberman, Farmer and Mechanic, containing ac-
curate tables of logs reduced to inch board measure, plank,
scantling and timber measure ; wages and rent by week or
month; cajjacity of granaries, bins and cisterns; land
measures; interest taoles, with direction for finding the
interest on any sum at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 per cent, and many
other useful tables. Revised and enlarged edition, 182 pp.,
25 cents. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St, Phila.

FRUIT CULTURE

And the LAYING out and MANAGEMENT of a

COUNTRY HOME. .

BY WM. C. STRONG.

205 pages, IBdo, cloth. Price, $1.00, by mail, post-paid.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PEAR CULTURE FOR PROFIT.

BY P. T. QUINN.

A practical Horticulturist, and author of " Money in the
Garden."

Containing practical method of raising Pears Intelligently
and with best results: character of soil, beet mode of preparing
It; best varieties to select under existing conditions; best mode
of planting, pruning, fertilizing, grafting, and utilizing the
ground before the trees come into bearing, and finally gatberlDg
and packing for market Illustrated with practical cuts on
pruning and grafting, distance table and orchard record. 136
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $1. Sent by mail, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

«4

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

CARNATIONS

Field-grown ; Good Plants of all the Leading Old
Standard and Best New Sorts. 30 Varieties.

MABIE LOUISE-

-SWANLKY WHITE.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS

so New and 160 Older Varieties.

•

NEW DOUBLE WHITE DAISY

Excellent for Winter Blooming.

Stock Plants

Of all the Best New and ; Older Bedding Plants,
Roses, &c.

Write for Catalogue and lowest prices.

Nicholas Studer,

ANACOSIIA F. 0., WASHINGTON, B. C^

I iii Wi tsI2

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day Handl)ook for tlie Farm.O Full
of Ijabor-saving devices and Home-made contiivance^.
within the reach of all. Contains the best ideas gathered
from a score of practical men in all departments of Farm
Labor. 212 Illustrations, 240 pages, 12 mo, cloth. By mail,
post paid, for S1.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOMHOLD X COSVENIENCES

Being the experience of many practical writers. Bring-
ing together the devices that hundreds of housekeepers
have found useful in their own homes. The "Conveniences"
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
ing that they may lighten the lauor and " save steps " to
many an over-worked housekeeper. 220 Illustrations, 240
pages, 12 mo, cloth. Sent by mail, post paid, for $1..50.
. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

A MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BY ISAAC F. TILLINQHAST.

ContainiDg the experiences of the author in starting all those
kinds of vegetables which arc most difficult for a novice to produce
from seed; with the best methods known for combating and repell-
ing noxious insects and preventing the diseases to which garden
vegeublet are subject. loa pages, i6mo, cloth, price, fi.oo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. PhlU.

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS.

By a. 8. PACKARD, Jr., M.D.

Also a Treatise on those Injurious and Bgnbficiai. to

BOPS. For the use of Colleges, Farms, Schools and Agrl-

Itnrlsts. Illustrated with 11 plates, and 650 wood-cuts.

. 2 pages, 8vo, cloth. Price, $6,00. Sent by mall post-paid

•n receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

MY WHOLESALE

AND GENEHAL CATALOGUES OF GREEN-
HOUSE AND BEDDING, PLANTS, ORCHIDS,
ROSES, &c., mailed to all applicants.

WM. C.WILSON,

ASTORIA. L. I., N. Y.

N. T. City Store, 4S West 14th Street. tntf

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Being descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties; with full and practical mstructiona for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, S2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Architects'and Builders' Pocket Companion

AND PRICE BOOK,

By FRANK W. VODGES. Architect.

Consisting of a short but comprehensive epilome of Decimals, Duo-
decimals, Geometry and Mensuration, with tables of U. S. Mea-
sures, strengths, etc., of iron, wood, stone and various other ma-
terials, quantities of materials in given sizes and dimensions of
wood, brick and stone, and a full and complete 3/7/ of priies for
Carpenter work. Also, rules for computing and valuing brick and
brick-work, stone-work, painting, plastering, &c., 284 pages, i6mo,
cloth $1.50. Tuck, I2.00. Sent by mad postage free, on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

PRACTICAL HINTS

On the aelectlon and use of the

MICROSCOPE,

Intended for beginners, by JoHM Phin,
Bdltor of the Am. Journal of Microscopy. Fourth and en-
larged edition. Profusely illustrated; 240 pp., 12mo, cloth.
Price, $1.00. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Addrea,
CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phll».

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

By Cbas. Darwin.

With copious descriptive coutcnta and index. Ulustrated.
462 pages, finio, cloth. Price $7.00.
bcut by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMERICAN GARDENER'S ASSISTANT.

By Thomas BriJgcman,

Containing complete practical directions for the cultivation of
Vogetablea, Flowers, Fruit Trees and Grapevines. Illustrated.
629 pages 12rao, cloth. Price $2.50. Sent by mail post-paid on
receipt of price

Address

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Cbestnat St.. Fhtla.

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henry T. Williams.

Devoted specially to the Culture of Flowers and Ornamental
Plants for In-door ust and Parlor Decoration,

trated. 800 pages, med. 8vo, cloth,
post-paid on receipt of price.
Address

Splendidly ilhis-
Price $1,S0. Sent by mail

CUAS. H. MAEOT,

814 ChMtnut St., Philm.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

15

CUT FLOWERS

BOSK BUDS, CARNATIONS, VIOLETS, BOUVAB-
DIAS, SS1II.AX, &c. Price oil application. VERBENAS,
30 choice named varietiep, S3. 00 per I'X). Address,

J. L. DILLOX, Florist,

tiuTi: BLOOMSBURCH, PA.

RARE ^ CURIOUS
^OLD WORKS>«

McDonald's Dictionary of Gardening,

2 vols. Quarto (London lf-07) "■.' jilatcs S 10.00

Jo. Bapt. Ferrarii sinensis E. Societate Jesu
de Florum Cultura.

(Home 1633) 522 pages, Quarto, 41 full page plates and
index rerum. Limp calf. Paper in perfect state of
preserv.ition S25.00

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut Street, Phila.

liTersal Interest Tallies

At 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 per cent, computed hy
George Wllliam Jones
of Cornell University, and guaranteed correct. Pp. 120,
16 mo, cloth, lirnp. Price, 50 cents. Mailed post-paid.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FARMING

WITH

ONPLUMCROVE FARM,

BY C. HARLAN, M.D.

269 pages, 12iiio, cloth. FriceSl.OO, mailed, post-paid, on receipt
of price. Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila,

Every Woman

HER OWN FLOWER GARDENER.

BY DAISY EY'EBRIQIIT.

Illustrated. 148 pages, small 8vo, cloth. Price, 8I.0O ; by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MA-ROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FOR

YOUNG AND OLD.

The Cultivation of Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden.

BY' JOSEPH HARRIS, M. S.

Illastrated, 191 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
11.25, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

1

Chiefly such as are Caused by Fungi, by Washington O.
Smith, F.L.S., M.A.I. Member of the Scientific Commit-
tee of the Royal Horticultural Society. 143 Illustrations
drawn and engraved by the author. 16 mo, 353 pages, cloth,
price JI.60, by mail post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAJIOT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

N

UR8ERIES,

Waslihujton, D, C.

The undersigned offers a fine stock of the following at
low rates :

NEW PEARS. NEW PEACHES. NEW CHERRIES, NEW GRAPES.
NEW STRAWBERRIES, &c.

FRUIT TREES OF ALL KINDS.

AN EXTENSIVE STOCK, VIZ. :

PEARS. PLUMS. CHERRIES. APRICOTS. APPLES,
Suitable to the South, &c.

Crape Vines, Strawberries, Raspberries, &c.

New sorts Evergreens, iVejc Ornamental Trees, New Shrubs,

<1'C., iS'mart Sues, suitable for Nurserymen as well

as large stock in great variety.

DXTTCH BXTX^BS.

Ijarge importations direct from the leading growers in Hol-
land. First quality Bulbs : Hyacinths, Lilies, Tulips, &c.

flBPJJIflSEast Indian, | BAfUfl A large stock of Small
UAUniUW Mexican, &c. | rALlllU Plants,suitable for florists

Beautiful Hothouse & Greenhouse Plants,

CROTONS. DRACENAS, DIEFFENBACHIAS,
WINTER BLOOMING PLANTS, <ic.

NC U/ R n Q r Q Bennett's Hybrid Teas, New
t Tf n U O t O French and English Roses.

New Wistarias, New Clematis. Geraniums, Primulas, &c.

Everything at low rates. Catalogues mailed to applicants.

S3 JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C.

TF you wish to make the

Gardeners' Monthly

THREE TIMES AS VALUABLE,

BIND m NUMBERS

Of each year. The iudex for the year's volume makes every
article in it easily accessible, ami you will be surprised to
find how fresh and satisfactory the magazine is for reference.
If vou have no bookbinder in convenient reach, mail us
your numbers, post-paid, and 90 cts. in stamps for each year,
enclosed in your letter of advice. We will letum you the
volumes bound in neat cloth cases post-paid. If you value
the magazine in numbers you will value it still more pre-
served m this permanent form. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSES AND ROSE CULTURE.

By Wm. Paul, F.R.H.S.
The rationale of Rose cultivation in a nut-shell. Intended to
place within a small compass all that is necessary for the successful
cultivation of the " Queen of Flowers." 83 pages, i2nio, paper-
boards. Price, 60 cents. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT.
814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia. ,.

GARDENING BY MYSELF

BY ANNA WAKNEK.

Containing Hints and Experiences under heading of each
month in the year. Illustrated. 16mo, 223 pages. Price, paper,
60c.; cloth, 81.25. Sent my mail post-paid on receipt or price.

A.ddress

' CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

183S

POMONA NURSERIES

1885

ESTABLISHED 1838.

FMMMW &WEM WMM.

CATALOGUE FREE.

[o2]

Has again surpassed all others, over 50 best varieties, at

POMONA NURSERIES,

And received three iiioreFIuST i'Kemiubis and two more
SPECiAi AWARDS at Moorestown, Vinelandand N. York
Strawberry Shows. Also the first premium and sweep-
stake PRIZE over all other new varieties at Providence,
R. I. Send for testiiinmv from various States.

MARLBORO.

The Largest Early RASPBERRY.

WILSON JUNIOR.

The Largest Known BLACKBERRY.

**It is nearly a irecl: earlier than WiUon's ICarlyy —
Wiliner Atkinson in Farm Journal.

Selected berries measured 43^ inches in circumference
lenetliwise by 3>< inches crosswise, and produced more
than 163 bashels per acre.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

KIEFFER and LAWSON PEARS, GRAPES, CURRANTS, etc.

WILLIAM PARRY, Parry P. 0., N. J.

Downing's Landscape Gardening and
Rural Architecture.

BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING. ESQ.

Adaptedto North America, with a view ti> the improvemeDtin
country residences. Comprising historical notices of the art, di-
rections for laying out grounds and arranging plantations ; the de-
icription and cultivation of hardy trees, decorative accompaniments
of the house and grounds, the formation of artificial water, flower
gardens, etc.; with remarks on rural architecture. With two sup-
plements by H. Wlnthrop Sargent. Handsomely illustrated, pp.
593. Royal 8vo. Price, $6.50, by mail, postage free.

The above work la now oat of print and when the few
remaining copies at present in stock are disposed of no more can
be tiad. Those who wish to secure a copy of this valuable work
while the chance is yet open, should speak at once. Address,
GHAS. H. BtAROT,

814 ChestnutStreet.Phila.

Manual of Accidents and Emergencies,

Or how to avoid accidents and what to do when they occur,
with notes on the Preservation of Health. Compiled for the
use of Teachers, Students, and the Industrial Classes,

By Geo. A. Qroff, M. D.,

of the University of Lewisbnrg, Pa. pp 92, 12 mo. boards,
price fiO cents by mail post-paid.
Address, CHA8. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnnt Street, Phlla.

c^^COLORADO^

AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.

Its Farms, Fields and Garden Lands.

BY WM. E. PABOB.

Illustrated, 213 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
$1.60, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

FRTHT aHOWER'S FRIMD.

AN EASY GUIDE FOR THE

RalslngofFruitsforPieasureor Profit

BY R. H. HAINES,

Paper, 34 pp., 8vo, price 30 cents; mailed post-paid on receipt
of price. Aduress,

CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

THE ROSE

A NEW BOOK
NOW READY.

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
istics, etc., of the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. EL.LW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, $1.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

NorlliAiiiericaiSjlTa

5 vols., 156 colored plates, in 30 parts:

In parts, unbound $60 00

" Halt Turkey Morocco, antique gilt 70 CO

" Full " " " 76 00

" Cloth, gilt top 66 00

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

JUST PUBLISHED.

The Sportsman's Gazetteer,

BY CHARLES HALLOCK.

New, Revised and Enlarged Edition.

This well-known volume, comprising 1,000 pages, passed
through six editions, and became the recognized authority
in both continents on matters pertaining to Field Sports.
It has now been revised under the personal supervision of
the author, who, since the appearance of the last edition,
has largely extended his knowledge of the subjects treated
by three years' travel over new portions of the United
(States and Canadas, which have not hitherto been brought
to the immediate attention of sportsmen. This revised
edition contains entirely new matter in several depart-
ments, a newly engraved portrait of the author, new maps,
and many tine illustrations representing Game Birds, Oame
Dogs, Game Fishes, etc., etc. Price, post-paid, 83.00.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

ISy Joslah Hoopos*

A practical treatise on the Coniferu; or Cone-bearlne plnnts.
Hamlsumely illustrated. 4:15 pagra, I2mo, cloth. Price $3.00-
Seut by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Pl.ilft.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

THOUSANDS OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS

In 3 and 4 and 5-inch pots, vigorous plants, all of which will bloom finely. Prices
according to variety. Florists should get stocked with the best before the rush of
fall sales. ROMAN HYACINTHS of extra fine quality, $3.50 per 100; $30 per
1000. PAPER WHITE, TRUMPET, MAJOR and VON LION NARCISSUS, selected
for lorcing, at reasonable rates. HYACINTHS, TULIPS, LILY OP VALLEY,
LILIES, &c., of best grade. FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA, large bulbs, $6.00 per
100. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS, $3 and $5 per 100. Large stock of Home-
grown CLEMATIS. Catalogue now ready.

V. H. HALLOCK, SON & THORPE, East Hinsdale, New York.

TELECRAIWS, QUEENS, N. Y. sl2

Acer polymorphum
atropurpureum,

Japan Blood-leaved Maple.

'T'HIS beautiful Maple, although not new,
is not known as w^ell as it should be. We
offer it this year to the Trade at lower prices
than ever before, and can supply fine plants
for immediate planting on lawns or in the
nursery. Our collection of Ornamental Trees
and Shrubs is very extensive, and we will
mail our Catalogue on application.

lEEHAN'S IfraSERIES,
Germantown, Philad'a, Pa.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Eose,

byWM. PAUL.

99 pages, cloth, iUastrated. Price, 81 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnul Street. Phila.

ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

The BEST METHODS EMPLOYED In ENGLAND and FRANCE.

BY JAMES BAHNES A_ND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboeufs Essay on Asparagus,
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted
for its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
edition. 84 pages. 50 cents by mail on receipt of price.

Addresst CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

By Geo. W. Johnson, Editor of *' Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
their cultivation. New Edidon, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. 1026 pp., i2rao. cloth, fine print. Price,
$'A.(Hi. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

HAVE YOU YET SECURED A

PHOTOGRAPH

OF THE

ORIGINAL SECKEL PEAfi TREE?

ISO TO SOO TEARS OLD AND STILI. STANDLNGI

Send for one and have something more than a mere tra-
dition. They are mounted on card board, 8x10 inches, and
will be securely mailed for 50 cents. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

LANGUAGE SERIES.

A new system on the most simple principles, for Universal
Self-Tuition, with English pronunciation of every word.
Revised Edition.

Bound in paper. Price 25 cents.

Bound in paper. Price 25 cents.

Bound in paper. Price 25 cents.

Bound in paper. Price 2-5 cents.

Mailed, postage free, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

German at a Glance.

Boards So cents.

French at a Glance.
Boards ;55 cents.

Spanish at a Glance.
Boards 35 cents.

Italian at a Glance.
Boards 35 cents,

i8

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

F"

REIGN GRAPE YINE3

FOR DSAX^SRS ONX-Y.

PRICE:

-FOR GRAPERIES

( One year old vines, $1.00 each.
i Two year old vines. $2.00 each.

Bowood Muscat,
Muscat Hamburg,
Canon Hall Muscat,
Madresfield Court Muscat,
Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat,
Muscat of Alexandria,
Black Prince,
Black Alicante,
Black Barbarossa,
Black St. Peter's,
Buckland Sweetwater,
Calabrian Raisin,
Chasselas de Fontainebleau
Chasselas White,
Chasselas Golden,
Duchess of Buccleuch,
Frontignan White.

Catalogue sent free on application.
We would also call special attention to our stock of
Camellias, Azaleas, Acacias, Roses and general collection
of wiuter-lilooniinp; ornamental folia{:;e and bedding plants

Frontignan Grizzly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg Wilmot's,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria,
Lady Down's Seedling,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz,
Trentham Black,
White Nice,
White Syrean,
White Sweetwater,
White Tokay.

DAVID FERGDSSON & SONS, Laurel Hill Nurseries,

t.f.l2

Ridge and Lehigh Avenues, Philadelphia, Pa

New Edition— Just Published.

The American Fruit Culturist,

Containing Practical Directions for the Propagation and
Culture of all Fruits adapted to the United States,

BY JOHN T. THOMAS,

1st Pres't Fruit-Growers' Society of Western N. Y.; Hon-
orary Mcudter Mass. Hort. Society; of Penna. Fruit-
Growers' Society; of the Hort. Society of Indiana,
etc., and for 30 Years a Practical Nurseryman.
NEW AND REVISED EDITION.
Illustrated with 519 fine wood engravings. In one baud-
some 12mo volume of 593 pages, bound in extra muslin.
Price, S2.00, by mail, free of postage. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BACK VOLUMES

OF THE
J

Can still be had in numbers, per year - - - - ^2 00

Bound in neat cloth cases, including numbers, - - - 2 76

" }4 Roan. " " - - - 300

Cloth cases alone, mailed for ------- 50

Delivered postage /ree .
Or mail us your own numbers, and have them bound in cloth cases
for 90 cents. Retu rned to you bound, postage free.
Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia

PATENT mm

For the Gardener's Monthly. Numbers filed with the greates*-
convenience. Preserve them filed tor reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 50
cents each. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut 8t. Phila.

By Edward Spragues Rand, Jr.
A treatise on Hatdy and Tender bulbs and Tubers. 369 pages, xsmo,
Cluth. Price, $2. 50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

cn

<f>

en

CO

c/>

Schmidt's Patent Hyacinth Glasses are
the best for forcing all kinds of Bulbs.

Price Lists on application. ts3

J. C. SCHMIDT, ERFURT, GERMANY.

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

for the Amateur and Professional Florist. Illustrated. 288 pages,
izmo, cloth. Price, Ji. 50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt 01
price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETKR HENDERSON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
QreenhouBe, Conservatory and 'Window-Garden.

Illustrated. 250 Pages, 12mo, cloth. Price 81.60. Sent by
mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Benjamin S. Williams, F.R.H.S.
Comprising descriptions of 950 choice species and varieties, Brit-
ish and Exotic, with directions for their management in the Tropical,
Temperate and Hardy Fernery, with numerous beautiful full-page
illustrations. 353 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, $2.60. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

81* Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

Uy lieiij. S. WiUiaiuH. F. K. U. S.

With descriptions of upwards of cloven hundred specie.s and
varieties. Instructions fortheircultivation and modo of mana^e-
nuMit. Illustrated with (colored frnntispieco and mimeroua
nplcndid illustrations. 686 pa^es, 2 vols., 12mo, cluth. Prica
$5.l>(). Scut by uail post-paid on receipt of price.

Addreau CllAS. II. MAROT.

bHCbeatuulSt.. PUu:^

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

'9

SPECIAL OFFERS FRUIT.^ ORNAMENTAL

Be«t Named I.ate Tulip, »1.50 per 100. Finest Lily of
Valley Pips. IS 11 p.r ILKHl. KOSKS— Gen'ljacqaemlnot,
Baroness Rothschild. »18 per 100, fur pots. Clematis
Jacknianii, antl all varieties true to iiaine. grafted, »36
per Riu. Magnificent Indian Azaleaa, all imported, full of
inuls. newest iuid best kinds. Rhododendrons for forcine.
Lllinm longlflomm, »7 per 100 ; L. Kraraerl, «ilO per luO.

HUIATPPCP Importer* Exporter of Plants. Seeds
. nHICncn, iSulbs, B6 N.SSthSt.. Philadelphia.

TREES, SHRUBS. EVERGREENS.
CLIMBING PLANTS AND ROSES.

Clematis. Japanese Ivy. and a Fine Stock of Weeping Trees.

Address, MONROE CO. NCRSEKIES,

P. 0. Drawer 291. [to2] Rochester, N. Y.

FMWIf

All

We now offer the following seeds at the annexed prices, PER BUSHEL
are good, plump, fresh seeds; and of extra choice quality:

Mazzard Cherry $ 5.50 Apple $ 5.50

Horse Plum 7.00 Apple, French Crab 10.00

Myrobolan Plum. 15.00 Pear Priced later on.

STOCKS.

We can supply any of the following stocks, and will give prices on application :
Apple, Mazzard and Mahaleb Cherry, Pear and Plnm.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES, Cermantown, Phila.

THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edUion,
revised by the author. 2.5c. Mailed, pos^paid on receipt or
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal." — London Qardener^s Magazine.

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study
11." — London Journal of Horticulture.

"No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teachers of Botany."— GardeTiers' MorUhly.

Looking ai results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal. — The Botanical Gazette.

"It would be difficult to overestimate the difference be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
vf the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analvsisof flowers."— -ZV. Y. Evening Post.

"'fhe mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
ing the mind.'" ^Country Oentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

A popular review, containing chapters on Orchid Life,
Orchid Flowers, Orchid Mysteries, Orchid Homes, Uses of
Orchids, History of Orchids, Value of Orchids, Hybrid
Orchids. By Lewis Castle (Author of "Cactaceous Plants").

Opinions. — Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart , M.P. : " A useful
little book." Baron Schroder, The Dell Staines: "I have
read your essay upon Orchids with the greatest interest.
I consider it most instructive, and of great use to amateurs."
R. L Lynch, A.L.S., Curator of the Cambridge University
Botanic Garden ; " Your Orchid Review is a success. The
selection of matter is most interesting, and there could be
no better introduction for the use of visitors to the Orchid
Conference than this little Viook."

12mo, 60 pages, 13 illustrations. Price 50c., bv mail.
Address: CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa,

The Botanist's Pocket Book.

4th Edition, cloth limp, pp. 208. By W. B. Hayward.
Containing in a tabulated form the chief characteristics of
British Plants, with the Botanical Name, Common Name,
Soil and Situation, Growth and Time of Flowering of every
Plant, arranged under its own Order. Price $1.70. Mailed,
postage free. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE PEACH;

Its Ciimre ai Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

El-President of Chester County Hortioultur.al Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Conoplete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

affected by the •* lellows *' and other

Diseases of the Tree.

98 pages. 12mo. Cloth, Sl.OO. Paper, 60 cents.
Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Select [xtra-Tfopical Plants,

Readily eligible for industrial culture or uaturalization,
with intlications of their native countries, and some of
their uses, by Baron Ferd. Von Mueller, K. C. M. G., M. D.,
Ph. D., F. R. S., Government Botanist of Australia ; Hon-
orary or Corresponding Member of Scientific Societies and
Academies in Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco,
Chicago, Kingston, Mexico, Caracas, Buenos Ayres.

The question of tree culture is one to which the people of
this country must, before the lapse of many years, of neces-
sity give their attention. In Baron von Mueller's book the
trees and plants not indigenous to this country, but capable
of cultivation here, are given, with such description of them
and of the particular sections to which they are adapted, as
makes it an indispensable work to those interested in im-
proving our native floral wealth. American edition, revised
and enlarged. 450 pages. Octavo. Cloth. Price, $3.00; mailed,
post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PRACTICAL

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise on the Propagation and Culture of the Camellia Ja-
ponica, by Robert J. Halliday. Illustrated with Five Colored
Plates and 50 Wood Engravings, 12mo,pp. 141. cloth. Price, 82.00.
Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia-

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Rosa canina, Best Quality !^#®JL©@0 H'mi

Rosa cauina, 1st quality, ic:iily for grafting, per 1000. .84 50
" *' 2d " next summer, " ..2 50

" " 3d " to transplant, " . . 1 25

Cratffigns oxyacantha, for hedges :

2 years, 1 to 2 ft, per 1000 $2 00

1 year, X to 1 ft. " 125

1 " i^toj^ft. " [tau-1] BO

J. HEINS, Halstenbek, near Hamburg, Germany.

USE the boss Zinc and Leather Interfering Boots and
Collar Pads. They are the best. n2

TALKS ABOUT FLOWERS.

BY MKS. M. D. WELI.COME.

*'The author chats of flowers in a very entertaining and
Instructive manner. Many valuable hints are given to
amateurs respecting the sowing of seeds, rooting of cuttings,
window gardening, insects on plants, etc., etc."— Concord
Monitor.

Pp 162 ; octavo, cloth, $1.00 ; paper, gilt, 60 cts. mailed, post-
paid, on receipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HAl-BOOKTFlLlTS,

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet oomprehensiTe Dictionary of Plants.
As a book of reference it will take the place for all practical
purposes, of the expensive and voluminons European
works of this kind. Has been written with 8peclal view to
the wants of the climate of the United States, both in
matters of propagation and culture. Instructions for cul-
ture of many important plants, such as the Rose, have beeo
given at length. Scope of work embraces botanical name,
derivation, Linneean and natural orders ol all leading
genera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
time. All important species and varieties with brief In-
structions for propagation and culture. A valuable
feature to amateurs is all knovrn local or common
names. Arraupemeut ol book is alphabetical, and any
plant can be quickly referred to under scientific or com-
mon name. Index is added where important plants or
modes of culture can be referred to at once. Also compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical terms, with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fine
paper, handsomely bound in cloth. >5ent by mail, postage paid,
on receiptof price, $3.00. Address

OHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Pliila.

BY JAMES VEITCH.

Embracing : Part I.— General Review of the Order.

Part II, — Synopsis of Genera, Species and Varieties.

Part in.— The Planting of Conlfera.

This work has received the high enconiums of the English
and French Horticultural papers, and the Gardeners'
MonthIjY, as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scien-
tific, and indispensable to tliose having an intelligent interest
in Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete
without it.

With numerous wood-cut pLates and letter press illustra-
tions. 310 pp., 8vo, neatly bound in cloth. Price, 83.00,
mailed, postage free. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent for U.S., 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to afford Information concerning the Planting
and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit : and giving
Suggestions upon the Creation ami Care of Wooalands, with
the view of securing the CJreatest Benefit for tlio Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and Conditions
of the United St.ates.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH. PH.D..

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

Large 12mo, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, ?2.00. Will
bo sent by mail, prepaid, on rei^eipt of i>rlce. Ad<lre8s.

CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

.Southern tobacco stems possess nearly double the strength
or Northern stems, taken from cigar leaf, therefore are
cheaper and better.

We are prepared to furnish best Southern stems in bales
or hogsheads, in any quantity, for Farmers and Florists use.
In bales of 500 lbs. at 85.00 iier bale, six bales for 824.00
F. O. B,

A discount will be made in large lots. Cash to accompany
small orders. ts3

WM. S. KIMBALL & CO..

Peerless Tobacco Works. Rochester, N. Y.

BARRY'S

Fruit Garden,

NEW EDITION,

REVISED AND BROUGHT DOWN TO DATE BY

P. BARRY.

Illustrated, pp. 518, fine cloth. Price, $2.50, mailed, po8^

. — t — ••'-iress,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Cbestunt Street, Fhilsdelphla.

MANUAL of the APIARY.

By A. J. COOK,

Prof.of Entomology Id the Michigan State AgricuIturalCollege

348 pp. large 12 mo.; 193 Illustrations.

Itcomprisefi a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology
of the honey-bee, Illustrated with costly wood engravings— the
Products of the Honey-Bee; the Racen of Beea ; full description
of honey-producing plants, trees, shrubs, etc., splendidly illu-
trated — and last, though not least, detailed instructions for the
rariousmanipulations necessary In the apiary.

This work is a masterly production, and one that no bee-
keeper, howeverlimited his means, can afford *odo without. It
Is fully up with the times on every conceivable subject that In-
terests the apiarist. It is not only instructive, but intewseiy in-
teresting and thoroughly practical. Within 20d ays after thla
work was Issued from the press, 600 copies were disposed of — a
sale unprecedeiited in Bee Literature. Price, paper SI; cloth,
81.25. Mailed post-paid, on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Phlla

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

Giving Description, History, Cultivation, Propagation, Dls-
eases. Ac.

Beautifully Illustrated,

276 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price Sl.50. Sent by mail, post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

FRUIT AND BREAD.

A Natural and Scientific Diet.

BY GUSTAV SCHLICKEYSEN.

Translatedfrom the German by M. I>. Holbrook, M. D. Intended
to show what is the natural fond of man ; to lead him to become a
livinK child of nature; to simplify and beautify his manner of living;
to emancipate woman from tne drudgery of tnc kitchen ; to lead to
increased u.se of fruit; to diminish the use of flesh, and where
possitile, to do away with its use altogether; to improve the health
and add to the enjoyments and value of life. Clotn, 350 pages ; la
mo, illustrated. Price, $\. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhlU

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

31

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If yoa desire to club the GARDENERS' MONTHLY in thin list add 81.75 for Carrent Sobscriptlon ; provided

arrears are paid in fall.

All the Year Round 83 90

American Agriculturist 1 10

" Architect, new 81. 40... renew. 1 60
" Dairyman, new S1.2.5,renewals 1 50

" Farmer 90

" Garden before Jan. 1, 1SS.5 — 85
" " after '■ "....12.=

** Journal ot Science & Art. ... 5 25

" Machinist 2 30

" Naturalist, new 3.45; renewals 3 60

*' Poultry Journal & Record 85

" Teacher 90

Andover Review 2 60

Andrews' Hazar 90

Archives of Medicine 2 50

Art Amateur 3 25

Art Interchange 2 65

Arthur's Home Magazine 1 iJO

Atlantic Monthly 3 35

Babyhood 1 25

Babyland 45

Bee Keepers' Magazine 90

Blackwood's Magazine, Reprint. . . 3 00
BostonMed. Journal, advance only 4 25

" Weeklv Globe 90

Botanical Gazette 1 90

Brain, The (quarterly) 3 1.5

Brainard's Musical World 1 25

British Quar. Review, reprint 3 00

Builder and Woodworker, new .... 75
" " renewal 90

Canadian Horticulturist 1 00

Canadian Science Monthly 90

Cassell's Familv Magazine 1 35

Caterer, The 1 75

Carpentry and Building 80

Century. The 3 6.5

Chatauqua Young Folks Journal. . 1 00

Children's Friend 1 10

Christian Re^ister,new82.25.ren'w 2 95

Christian Union 2 75

Colman's Rural World 1 25

Constitution.Atlanta, 6mo. 60c, lyr 1 15

Contemporary Review, original... 7 00

*' " reprint ... 4-50

Country Gentleman, advance 2 10

Criterion, Tlie 1 60

Decorator and Furnisher 3 25

Demorest's Magazine 170

Descriptive American 4 50

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Deutsches Garten-Magaztn 2 50

Druggists' Circular 140

Eclectic Magazine 4 25

Edinburg Review, original 3 35

" " reprint 3 00

Education, Bi-monthly 3 75

Ehrich's Fashion Quarterly 50

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Empire State Agriculturalist 40

English Illustrated Magazine 1 .50

** Monthly Reviews, single. . 4 50
" " " the three 12 00

" Quarterly " single 3 00

" " " the five.. 13 00

Engineering* Mining Journal.... 3 25

Farm and Garden 35

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FarmJoumaI,Phila.subs.42c;other8 30

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Farm, Field and Fireside 75

Fireside Comp.&Seaside Library. 2 40

Folio (Musical) 1 25

Forest and Stream 3 25

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Fortnightly Review, original 7 00

" " reprint 4 50

Frank Leslie's Budget, monthly. . . 1 95
" " Illustrated Weekly.... 3 40

" " Chatterlio.x. annu'ly . . 80

" " Illustrite Zoitung 3 40

" " Popular Monthly 2 05

*' " Pleasant H'rs, mont'ly 1 55

" " Sunday Magazine 2 25

Friends' Intelligencer 2 35

Gems of Poetry 50

Germ'nt'nTeleg'ph,ren'wS1.6.5new 1 40

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 (X)

Godey's Lady Book 1 75

Golden Days 2 50

Good Words, English Ed 2 25

Graphic (Dally), per year 7 00

" 6 mos 3 75

" " " 3 mos 2 25

" (Sunday) 2 10

" (Weekly) 175

Green's Fruit Grower 35

Guardian, The, new 82.50. . .renew. 2 80

HaU's Journal of Health 90

Harper's Bazar 3 40

" Magazine 3 20

" Weekly 3 40

" Y'oung People 1 75

Herald of Health 90

Household 90

Humboldt Library of .Science 1 25

Illustrated Christian Weekly 2 25

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Independ't Practitioner (Medic'l), 2 60

Indiana Farmer 1 25

Interior, new subs., 81 90. renewals 2 35

Inter Ocean, weekly 95

*' *' semi- weekly 2 35

" " daily, including Sundayll 00

Iron Trade Review 2 25

Journal of Anatomy (quarterly)... 5 40

J oumal of Education, weekly 2 35

Journal of Mycology 1 00

Jomrnal of Philology, Eng.. V, yr'ly 2 30
Journal of Speculative Philosophy 2 50

Kansas Farmer 1 15

Ladies Floral Cabinet 1 05

L'Art 10 00

Le Francais 1 75

Library Journal 3 60

Lippincott's Magazine 1 75

Literary World, new81.75;renew.. 1 90

Littell's Living Age 7 25

Little Folks 1 30

London Garden 5 50

London Gardener's Chronicle 6 .'15

London Gardener's Magazine 3 75

London Gardening. Illustrated 1 80

L<mdon Gardening World 2 65

London Journal of Horticulture. . 4 25

London Quart'ly Review, original. 3 3-5

reprint.. 3 00

Macmillan's Magazine 2 75

Magazine of American History... 4 25

Magazine of Art 3 00

Manufacturer and Builder 1 35

Maryland Fanner 90

Mechanics 80

Methodist, The 1 75

Nation, The 2 80

Nature (weekly) 5 40

New Engl'd Farmer, advance only 2 15
New Y'ork Fashion Bazar,monthly 2 40

New York Evening Post. d.aily 8 30

" " " " seml-w'kly. 2 80

" " Herald, weekly 1 00

*' " Independent, peryr. only. 2 76
" " Medical Journal, weekly.. 4 75
" " Observer, new -subs. only. . 4 25

" " Hun, weekly 95

" " Times, wee'kly 100

" '* Times, semi-weekly 2 35

*' " Tribune, weekly 1 10

" " Tribune, semi-weekly 2 10

" •' Witness, weekly 1 00

" " Worid, weekly 1 00

Nineteenth Century, original 7 0«

*' " reprint 4 50

Notes and Queries, London 5 75

gorth American Review 4 25
hio F.aniier 1 10

Orchid Album 15 00

Our Little Men and Women 90

Our LittleOnes& The Nursery 1 85

Outing and the Wheelman 2 50

Pacific Rural Press, in advance... 2 50

Pansy 90

Peterson's Magazine 1 65

Philad'a Weeklv Press 95

WeeklyTimes 95

DaUy " 5 06

" Sunilay " 1 65

" Medical Times 175

Phrenolog'lJr'nl.pr. 81.85; no pr.. 1 75

Popular Science Monthly 4 25

Popular Science News, new subs. . 90

Poultry Bulletin 90

Poultry Worid 90

Poultry Yard 1 15

Practical Farmer 1 25

Practitioner, The 3 16

Prairie Farmer 1 80

Presbyterian 2 65

Puck 4 25

Purdy's Fruit Rec'r 45

Quarterly Elocutionist 90

Quiver 1 35

Reporter, (Law) 9 50

Rural Calif omian 1 26

Rural New Yorker, & Seed Prem. . 1 85

Saint Nicholas 2 70

Sanitary Engineer 3 80

Saturday Evening Post 1 75

School Journal 1 75

Science 4 70

Science Record 90

Scientific American 2 75

" " Supplement 4 20

" " iSSupt. together... 6 00

Shorthand Writer & Takigrapher 1 25

Southern Cultivator 1 20

Student 90

Sunday Magazine, English Ed 2 25

Teachers' Institute 90

The Present 90

Toledo Blade, Weekly 1 00

Torrey Botanical Bulletin 95

Trade Review 2 50

U. S. Official Postal Guide 1 35

Vick's Illust'd Monthly Magazine . 95

Watchman new 82 25; renew 2 50

Western Agriculturist 80

Western Machinist 50

Western Rural 1 55

Westminster Review (reprint).... 3 00

Wide Awake 2 55

Youth's Companion 1 75

Report non-receipt of club papers or changes of residence, only to the Publisher of said paper to insure attention.

Remit by P. O. Order, Draft or Registered Letter. Make Drafts and Checks payable on Middle States, New England
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lection charged BT dkposit banks. Currency is at risk of remitter. TERMS CASH WITH THE ORDER. We have
to remit cash to publishers and cannot undertake to keep book account* for club papers with subscribers.

Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

22

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

A Horticultural Monthly Magazine for Amateurs.

The American Garden

An illustrated monthly magazine ; 32 quarto pages with handsome cover ; beautifully printed on fine paper. Estab-
lished 1872. Edited by Dr. F. M. Hexauier, a practical horticulturist and leading authority, assisted by the best talent in
America.

A JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION, GIVING FULL DIRECTIONS,

HCW— to Select Land,— to Choose What to Grow,— to Cultivate all Fruit. Flower and Garden Crops ;

HCW— to Start a Greenhouse,— to Begin with Fruits,— to Begin with Flowers ;

HO W— to Plant a Lawn, — to Lay Out Grounds ;

HOW— to Run a Market Garden,— to Market the Products,— to Work a Kitchen Garden ;

HOW— to Manage House Plants, — the Window Garden, — the Private Conservatory ;

HOW— to Do Everything in Orchard, Vineyard, Garden, Conservatory, Lawn, Market Garden, etc.

WHAT to Do Each Month in Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Culture, In-doors and Out-doors ;

HOW to tind LARGE PROFIT, and PULL HEALTH and GENTLE PLEASURE in gardening.

OF Q-REAT VALUE to Beginners, and to practicing Fruit Growers, Ganloners, Florists, Market Gardeners,
Women Gardeners, Boy Gardeners, Amateurs, Gentlemen Farmers, All Nature Lovers, and All Soil Workers: IN
orchard, garden, vineyard, plantation, market garden, kitchen garden farm garden, flower garden, lawn, greenhouse,
conservatory, window garden.

PRICE, $1.00 A YEAR (S2.00 after Jan, 1,); 10 cts. a copy; no free copies. Address,

ETy X T^TlXr 4'? I^EY STREET. NEW YORK,
a JCX« JjXJS^3 X 9 CHICAGO. OR GREENFIELD. MASS.

Or, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
The American Garden in Clab, with the Gardeners* Monthly, before Jan. 1st. S2.60; after Jan. Ist. S3.00.

MAHALEB CHERRY SEED

As every one knows, Mahaleb Cherry Seed dried in the pulp from Europe,
seldom grows to any satisfaction in America.

We make a specialty of offering fresh, clean seed, bhat have been preserved
from drying, and, being free of pulp, with many more seeds to the bushel. As
many as 100,000 plants have been raised from one bushel of our clean seed ; and
it is found very cheap at $25.00 per bushel.

T'JEIOIVEJIl.S

Germantown Nurseries, Phila.

MUSirlROOMS

For the MILLION, a Praclicnl Treatise on the cuUivation
of the MOSI PROFITABLE out-door crop knoimi.

BY JOHN WKIOHT.

Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. lOi pages. Price, 50 cents, by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phtla.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPROVEMENT,

BY WM. ROBINSOK.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages. Cloth. Price, 7ocentt
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price*

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Cbescnat St., Fhlla.

YOUR PLANTS

BY JAMES SHEEHAN.

PLAIN and PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS for the TREAT-
MENT of TENDER and HARDY PLANTS in the

house: and GAJEiTt-ETX.

r2nio, paper, 79 pages. Price, mailed, po8t-pai<l, 40 cents.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Pbila.

THE WILD GARDEN;

Or, Onr Groves and Shrubberies naadeBeautlfolbyth*
Natnrallzatlun of Hardy JSxotlc Flants.

By W. ROBINSON, F. L. S.

With Frontispiece. 236 pages, lamo, cloth. Price, f 4.00,
Mailed postage free, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 8i4Chestnut St. .Phlla

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

23

^DXTTTCIX BXTX-BS^

For HyacintbB, Tulips, NarclBsas, etc. I^arpie stock on
hand durine the sea-^on. at lowest import prices. Imported
Koi»e8, CleuaittlH, RhododendroDs, Azaleas, etc., from
Boskoop (HoUaml), Nursery Assoeialion ; awarded ttrst
Premiums at New Orleans World's Exposition. Hardy
Hybrid Peri>etual Roses. Stron^r 2 vearohl phmts. Prices
iu'HoUand, per UMXJ. only S65.00. Clematis Jaokmanoi,
and other tine varieties. lYade Cntalotrues sent iMi appli-
cation. Address, C. H. JOOSTKN, Importer,
t«3 3 Coeuties Slip, New York.

HOW TO PAINT.

By a Practical Painter ; for the use of Tradesmen,
Mechanics, Merchants, Farmers, and a« a Guide to Pro-
fessional Painters. Methods in Plain and Fancy Painting
of every description: Formulas for Mixing Paint in Oil or
Water, Tools, etc. This Book makes ^^ every man hisoivn
painter.^*

Full Directions for Using White Lead. Lamp-Black,
(Jreen, Yellow, Brown, Whitmg, Glue, Pumice Stone,
Spirits of Turpentine, Oils, Varnishes, Furniture Varnish,
Milk Paint, Preparing Kalsomine. etc. Paint for Outbuild-
ings—Whitewash, Paste for Paper-Hanging, Hanging Paper,
Graining in Uak. Maple, Rosewood, Black Walnut, Staining,
DecalcuiiKuiia, Making Rustic Pictures, Painting Flower-
Stands, Rosewood Polish, Varnishing Furniture, Waxing
Furniture, Cleaning Paint, Paint for Farming Toola,
Machinery, Household Fixtures, etc To Paint Farm
Wagon, Re-Vamish Carriage, make Plaster Casts. Sent
by mail, post paid, for SI. 00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila., Pa.

HOW TO READ

AND HINTS IN CHOOSING THE BEST BOOKS.

With a classified list of work of Biography, History, Criticism
Fine Arts, Fictioo, Poetiy, Religion, Science, Language, etc. By
Amelie V Petit. Pp. 220. i2mo, cloth. Price, ;|i.oo. By mail,
post-paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowers in the Garden and the House; giving
directions short, sharp and decisive how to overcome every insect
enemy that infects Sowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors,
which troubles window Gardens ; which eats up the vegetables ol
the garden; which devours the fruit trees, shrubs and vines, and
Lives in the homes of anxious, tired housekeepers. Paper, 100 pages.
Price, 30 cents, postage free.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa Gray. M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structural Botany^ with a Popular
Flora, or an arraneement and description of Common Plants,
both wild and cultivated. Illustrated with 500 wood engravio-js,
233 pages, large 16mo, half-arabesque, paper sidee. Price 81 25
Sent by mall post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAKOT,

814 Chestnut St.. Philn

HOW TO RAISE FRUIT

By THOMAS GREGG.

A Hand-book of Fruit Culture, being a Guide to the proper Cul-
tivation and Management o! Fruit Trees, and of Grapes and small
Fruits. 184 pages, ismo, cloth, fully illustrated. Price, ^i. 00. Sent
by mail post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St .Phtla

HOW TO HUNT AND TRAP.

By /. B. Batty, Hunter and Taxidermist.

Cool aining fulUnstructions for hunting the Buffalo, Elk, Moose.
Deei, Antelope, Bear, Fox, vJrouse, Quail, Geese, Ducks, Wood,
cock. Snipe, etc., etc. Also, the localities where game abounds.
In trapping, tells you all ifcoul steel traps; how to make home-
made traps, and how to trap the Bear, Wolf, Wolverine, Fox,Lynx-
Badger, Otter, Beaver, Fisner, Martin, Mink, etc., Birds of Prey
poisoning carnivorous animals, with full directions for preparing
pelts for market, etc. Fully illustrated. 223 pages. i2mo cloth.
Price ^1.50, Sent post-paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO PROPAGATE

GROW^FRUIT

BV ClIAS. A. GHKEN.

fil pa^cs. Octavo. Illustrated with 2 colored plates and
over fitty engravines. Price, paper. 50 cts., prepaid by mail.
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HO\N TO MANAGE BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS.

By Edmund Wriglby.
Being a Director's Guide and Secretary's Assistant, with forms
for Keeping Books and Accounts, also rules, cxamoles and explana-
tions illustrating the various plans of working. 211 pages, lamo
cloth. Price, 32.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadehihia

HOW THE FARM PAYS.

The Experiences of hO years of Successful Fanning ana
Gardening, by the authors

WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

Profusely Illustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
Price prepaid, by mail $2.60. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO LAY OUT A GARDEN.

By Edward Kemp,

A general guide in Choosing, Forming and Improving au Es-
tate (from a quarter-acre to a hundred acres iu extent i, with
reference to both design and execution. Illustrated with nu-
merous plans, eections and sketches. 403 pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price 82.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of pri' e.
Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

8U Chestnut bt., Phila.

THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES,

BY B. J. KENDALL, M. D.

With the real essential information relative to each disease. Will
save many times its cost. Gives cause, symptoms and best treat-
ment of diseases. Table with the doses, effects and antidotes of
principal medicines used, and a few pages on action and uses of
medicines. Rules for telling age of Horse and fine engraving show-
ing appearance of the teeth each year. A large collection of valu-
able recipes. Printed on fine paper l]/^x5 inches; nearly 100 pages,
35 engravings. Price, 25 cents. Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt
ofprice. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
29y pages, fine cloth. Price 81.50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. fttAJlOT, m ChestuutSt., Phila,

24

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Index to Advertisements.

Senrt orders early as possible. Changes of copy must be in
by 16th. New orders received after 22d of month cannot be in.
sured insertion in next issue. Fltj-lea/ copy (new or changes)
must be In by 16th. For Advertising Rates see 2d cover page.

Acme Card Factorv. Clintonville, Ct 12

Allen W. S., New York 13

Benz Albert, Douglaston, N. Y Fly-leaf p.age 2

Blanc A., Philadelphia 8

Brinton \V. P., Christiana, Pa U

Boehmer Louis, Yokohama, Japan 6

Collins John H., Moorestown, N. J 24

Cowen N. & Son, New York , 24

Cranston's Nursery and Seed Co., King's Acre, Eng 12

Curwen John, Jr., Villa Nova, Pa. 11

DeWitt Bros., Bristol, Pa U

Dillon J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa 15

Dreer Henry A., Philadelphia 4,6

Elliott Benj. A., Pittsburgh. Pa 4

Exeter Machine Works, Boston, Mass 4th cover page

Fergusson David & .Sons. Philadelphia 18

Ferris iV- Haines, New York 6

Gay & Co., New York 11

Gordon J. C, Camden, N. J 24

Hallock V. H.,Son & Thorpe, Queens, N. Y 17

Heikes W. F., Huntsville, Ala 6

Heins J., Halstenbek, Germany 20

Henderson Peter & Co., New York 3

Hinrichs C. F. A., New York 8

HitchingsA Co., New York 5

ludependent The. New York 6

Jenkins J., Winona, Ohio 6

Johnson & Stokes, Philadelphia, Pa 12

Joosten U. H., New York 23

Kerr James, Cleartield, Pa 24

Kimb.all Wm. S. & Co., Rochester, N. Y 20

Knautli, Nachod & KUhne, New York 8

Landreth D. A Sons. Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

Lester M. H., Washington, D. C 24

Libhy E. H., New York 22

Marschuetz & Bacharach, Philadelphia 4

Mason & Hamlin Co., Boston, M.ass 4

McAllister F. E., New York 24

Meehan Thomas, Germantown, Phila 17, 19, 22

Monroe Co. Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y 19

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass 11

Paillet L.. Paris, France 13

Parry Wm., Parry, N. J.. 16

Parsons & Sons Co. Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Plentv Jos., New York and Phila Fly-leaf page 2

Pratt Bros., Rochester, N. Y .....12

Purdy A. M., Palmyra, N. Y 12

Radam Wm., Austin, Texas 11

Raoux C. New York 6

Rendle Arthur E., New York Fly-leaf page 1

Rihsam C. & Son, Trenton, N. J f. .7. 8

Rdlker August & Sons, New York S, 8

Saul John, Washington, D. C 15

Schmidt J. C, Erfurt, Gcrm.any 18

Sehultheis Bros., New York 6

Seal Thomas F.. Uninnville, Chester Co., Pa 11

Simpson Thos. P., Washington, D. C 24

Smith David, Boston, Maas 7

Stewart Wm. J., Philadelphia and Boston 11

Ktraiton & Storm, New York , u

Studer Nicholas, W.ashington, D. C 14

Swain R. A.. Philadelphia 9

Thompson N. D., Pub. Co., St. Louis, Mo . (i

Thorbum J. M. & Co., New York Fly-leaf page 1

Transon P. cfe E., Orleans. France ..TT. 8

Van Geert A., Ghent, Belgium 11

Vanhorne, GrilTen & Co., New York Fly-leaf page 2

Vaughan J. C, Chicago, 111 Fly-leaf page 2

W.aterer H. Philadelphia . . 6 19

Weathered Thomas W., New York '.10

Welch Bros., Boston, Mass 11

Wilson Wm. C, New York City '"! 14

Young Thomas, Jr., New York 11

SITDATIOMS WANTED.

ylif /_/ I OC^TCn Ha8justreturned,afterview-
IVI n I r II I r hi '"B ^o™* of the best collec-
. '' • ^i- v^ » t- " tions of plants in Europe, and

IS at liberty to engage with lady or gentlem.an wanting relia-
ble single man that knows his work Address

M. H. LESTER. 124 First St., N. W., Washington, D. C,

A Locomnlivi' Boiler suitable
for a grc,-Tilic)u.'*c. Will heat
TIKK) to ,80(10 ft. of pipe. In good

J. C. GORDON, 427 Market St., Camden, N.L

lOILEE FOE m

Advertisemente under this head must be paid for in advance, witO
the order, at rate of $x.oq for each 36 words per insertion,

BY a first-class gardener and florist, German ; understands
all branches of profession. Age 50 years. Best refer-
ences. Seeks responsible- position, private or commercial.
G. Klingenspor, Princeton, Ills. n2

AS practical gardener and florist, on private place. Tjong
experience of greenhouses, graperies and vegetables.
German, single, age 3.5 years. Good references. K Faust,
Florist, Onarga, Dls.

A FIRST-CLASS gardener, German, single, 14 years' ex-
perience, 8 years in this country, wants situation. Ad-
dress, T. T., 814 Chestnut St. (2nd floor back), Philadelphia.
BY a thorough experienced man as gardener, i>rivate or
commercial. Successful rose grower. Has grown for
large firms. Over 20 years' experience in all branches.
Gardener, care H. Carter, Florist, Newburgh, N. Y.

AS gardener, by a man skilled in growing stove and green-
house plants, orchids, hot and cold graperies. Can take
entire charge of lady's or gentleman's place. Apply or
address, Thos. Oliver, 10 N. Twelfth St., Phila.

SITUATION WANTED— Rose Grower, an American, 26
years of age, married, no family, thoroughly competent
as a rose grower and general propagator. He refers to his
p;ist employers. Address, \V. A., care Peter Henderson,
Jersey City Heights, N. J., from whose establishment he
is a graduate and to whom he also with pleasure refers.

WANTED %

Superintendent. Land-
scape Gardener & Florist
for Cemetery, who will take
charge upon a guarantee of
business, buy stock in and rent Greenhouses ; manage lots
and grounds'. A first-class married man wanted. Address,

JAMES KERR, Sec'y, Clearfield, Pa.

F. E. McAllister

?

Seed and Bulb Merchant,
22 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

SURPLUS STOCK OP

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS,

GLORIOSA, GRAND PRIMO,
Grand Monarque, and Staten General,

AT 82.50 PER 100.

Also DOUBLE ORANCE, PHCENIX NARCIS-
SUS and EARLY ROMAN NARCISSUS,

AT »3.00 PER 100.

MAY KING, Best STRAWBERRY.

EARLY CLUSTER, BEST BLACKBERRY.

ALL OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

Comet and other Pear Trees, &c.
JOHX S. COLLINS,

MOORESTOWN, N. J.

n2

n A TirMTG THOS. P. SIMPSON, Washini;-
KA I HIM I O ton. D. C. No pay as" ' '

patent until obtained. Write for Inventors' Guide.

CTQEFORE BUYING GX.ASS.- ESTIMATES

MHO A Man "i-S avNVO ^OoS

S

XOS ^ N3A\.00 'X

n

g

H

The American Garden Branch Office

HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED AT

GARDENERS* MONTHLY OFEICE

Where Subscriptions and Advertisements will be received tlie same as at tlie main office. Subscriptions to Gardeners'
Monthly and American Garden, clubbed together will be as follows :

If received Before January 1st, 1886, per year, the tivo SK.CO

•• After " ' " •• 3.00

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Manager, 8H Chestnut Street, Phila.

GARDEN

AND

FARM

TOPICS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

Embraces within its scope the follo'wing subjects : Popu-
lar Bulbs and their culture.— Window Gardening, and Care
of Plants in Rooms. — Propaaiation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
ing in Winter.— Greenhouse Structures, and Modes of Heat-
ing.—Formation and Renovation of Lawns.— Onion Grow-
ing,—How to Raise Cabbage and Cauliflower.— On the Grow-
ing and Preserving of Celery. — The New Celery, ** White
Plume." — Strawberrj' Culture.— Root Crops for Farm Stock.
—Culture of Alfalfa or Lucerne — Manures and their Modes
of Application.— Market Gardening around New York, —
The Use of the Feet in Sowing and Planting.— Popular
Errors and Scientific Dogmas in Horticulture. — Humbugs
in Horticulture.— Draining. Cloth, 12 mo, 2A4 pages, price
SLSO ; by mai', post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St,, Phila.

Its History, Culture, Classification and Nomenclature.

BY F. \V. BURBIDQE,

Curator of Trinity College Botanical Gardens, Dublin. 102
pages. Octavo, clotb. Price, SI. 50; by mail, postpaid.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

CACTACEOUS PLA/VTS

THEIR

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Royal Gardens Kew.
12 mo, clotb. 93 pages with numerous illustrations. Price,
50 cents ; by mail, prepaid.

CHAS. n. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND HORTICULTURIST

-^For 1885-^

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE,

S2.00 PER YEAR.

J are requested to send at least one NEW name with their own, if possiua.
For this attention, we will furnish TBE TWO at 83.00 for the year.

TWO NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS at S3.00. FIVE at S7.00.

Remit by Money Order or Registered Letter ; or if you send iJRAPT or Check, make payable on middle
States, New England or Maryland. On Banks west and south of those points add twenty-five cents to each
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RESPONSIBLE AGENTS ^^H he allowed a liberal commission, retainable out of subscriptions forwarded.
Bend for net rates. Sample copy 18c., postage stamps. We do not hold ourselves responsible for the acts of Bogus Agent* .

SUBSCRIBERS ITDST CriOOSE THEIR AGENTS AT THEIR OWN RISK.

Any Subscriber who has already renewed his subscription and paid 82.00 may order a new subscriber at the rate of
$3.00 the two, by remitting the additional 8100 to balance, and oblige, with thanks for past favors and efforts.

AU subscribers, at whatever rate, are Invited to take advantage of our list of CLUB PAPERS. See advertisement.

CAMPI C PnPICQ Or Extra Copies of any issue of the Gardeners' Monthly should he ordered as early
OMmri.Ci UUriCO as possible, as a LIMITED EDITION — " " -" -"" — » ■ ■

required for regular subscription list.

ONLY I.S ISSUED over and above the quantity
Price, 18 cents each, or Five for 60 cents. Cash with the Order.

If larger quantities are wanted of any coming issue, order should be in hand by 16th of previous month, so tbat we
can provide and insure the supply. After issue a few single copies can be had if ordered quickly during the month
When editions are exhausted, the series is broken, as we do not reprint,

A HT T^ ^f fl1¥% \ ^'T^TT'T/^T^ of the December Number. 188j,' will be issued to meet an
£^Vi XdJL.X.jX>A. XdlJl.±.l\MVi extra demand. It will be an ATTRACTIVE NUMBER for
READERS and ADVERTISERS. We will add still further to the number of copies issued if orders for extra numbers
are received on or before the 16th of November. After that date the edition determined on, to the best of our ability
to estimate, will be all that are available for current demands. Advertisers will do well to get their copy and orders in
our hands for December on or before November 15th, to secure insertion.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

Greenhouse Heating a Specialty.

Hot Water Heating, Steam Heating, and the combination of Steam and Water.

Fr&cyTasiisriii;aiiiIoRi8lls:or&lion,

Together with General Information for Sportsmen.

By JOSEPH H, BATTY,

Taxidermist for the H»yden Expedition and other Government
Surveys, and many of the leading Colleges and Museums of the
United States. Author of " How to Hunt and Trap," etc. las
Illustrations. lamo, cloth. Price, $1.50. Mailed, post-paid, od
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H . MAROT 814 Chestnut St., Phila

The CHEMISTRY of the FARM

BY. B. WARINQTON, F. C. S.

A most valuable Work, which should be in the Hands of
Farmers, Gardeners and Tillers of the soil generally. It
presents the relations of Chemistry to Agriculture in amos.
popular manner. 12mo, cloth. Price, post-paid, $1.00.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut Street, PhUa.

Red Flowering Dogwood

AND OTHER NOVELTIES.
Kissena Nurseries.

Trees and Plants.
Parsons&SonsCo.,

ICONOGRAPHY

-OF-

Flushing, N. Y.

ftf

INDIAN AZALEAS,

Containingplates and descriptions of some of the best old
and new varieties,

BY AUGUST VAN OEERT,

With the assistance of the principal Horticulturists and
Amateurs, and translated by Th. Moore, Jr.

This splendidly illustrated work should be in the hands of
every practical gardener and lover of plants.

To uurservraen and florists it is a valuable vade memm to
resort to. I'he plates will prove most useful in the office
and will no doubt help and increase the sale of this popular
class of plants.

The amateur will find it an interesting book to consult for
the formation of his collection. Besides it is a splendid
volume for the library or drawing room.

Quarto, thirty-six splendid colored plates and 81 pp. text.
Price $7..50, mailed post free. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.'

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAHUEL B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation, Culture and History of the
Rose. Illustrated. 21.5 pages I2mo., cloth. Price $1.50. Sent
by mail post-paid on roceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8H Chestnut St., PhUa.

Art of Propagation.

i Hand'book for Nurserymen, Klorists. Gardeners and Every-
f\. body, 32 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 25 cuts, price 80
cents. Mailccf, postage free, on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 8U Chestnut St. Phila.

^A^"^^

EDITED BY THOMAS MEEHAN.

Vol. XXVll. No. 324.

(Combined Magazines, Fortieth Year.)

D£C£OIB£R, 1885.

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

T. f^^^^^^^^^m-

(Entered at the Post Office, at Philadelphia, Pa. , as second-class matter

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

It Is published on the first of every month at the office, No. 814 CHESTNUT STREET,
□LADELPHIA, where all BUSINESS relating to subscription or advertising should be addressed.

J^" Communications, Copy and Packages for the Editor should be addressed to THOMAS
SEHAN, GEEMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, POSTAGE PAID, $2.00.

Subscriptions discontinued only on notice to tliat etfect.

I ADVERTISING RATES IN THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY:

i4 coL % col. \4 col. li col. X <ol- 1 col. 1 page,

or or or or or o' or

12 lines. 16 lines. 24 lines. 32 lines. 48 lines. 96 lines. 192 lines.

le Insertion S3.00 84.00 S5.60 S7.00 SIO.OO S18.00 83S.00

po times, each 3.90 3.90 6.00 6.80 9.00 17.00 33.00

>ree " " 8.80 3.75 4.76 6.56 8.50 16. 50 3O.00

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^e " " 2.65 3.40 4.85 5.95 7.66 13.60 25.60

t " " 8.36 3.15 3.93 5.50 7.05 12.45 23.50

ven « " 2.20 2.95 3.65 5.16 6.60 11.75 22.00

ght " " 2.06 8.75 3.46 4.80 6.15 10.95 20.50

ne " " 1.90 2.46 3.80 4.45 6.70 10.15 18.85

in " " 1.75 2.30 2.85 4.05 5.25 9.30 17.46

even •• " 1.60 2.16 2.65 3.75 4.80 8.65 16.15

yelve " " 1.50 2.00 2.50" 3.50 4.50 8.00 15.00

Twelve lines nonp.areil is % col. A less space than 'A col. will be furnislied at same rate per line as % col.

For space on FLY-LEAF and COVER PAGES, also FIRST PAGE advertisements facing last reading page. 20 per
Bt. advance on above rates will be charged.

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

CONTENTS OF THE DECEMBER NUMBER.

5AS0NABLE HINTS :

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

■ Greenhouse and House Gardening

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening

OMMUNICATIONS :

Lady's Rock Garden

he Best New Roses to be sent out November Ist,

I8S.5. in France

hjury to Roots from Coal Gas

iouthem-Grown Roses

Protecting Roses in Winter

Some New Introductions of this Year

Jarnation, Pres. Degraw— Its Fault— The Remedy..

Ctorozema cordata

The Predisposing Causes of Mildew

A Plea for the lloe

Facts in American Forest Planting

Native Flowers of South Carolina near the Mountains

of North Carolina

Variation in Nature

Horticulture in the United States during the Last

Fifty Years

Massachusetts Horticultural Society

Horticultural Displays '

Opening Day of the North, Central and South Amer-
ican Exposition

EDITORIAL NOTES :

353
360
361

351

354
355
365
356
3S6
360
361
361
365
369

371
372

374
382
384

38.5

ican Grape Culture— Is the Fire Blight an Enemy
or Friend of the Pear Grower- Improved Saur
Kraut

.365-367

The Stephanotis as a Cut Flower— Yellow Hybrid
Perpetual Rose — Ilex comuta— Syringa Japonica
— Syringa ligustrina — A New Spruce, Picea
Breweriana — Cedrela Sinensis — The Fastigiate

Birch 857-358

Culture of Tree Mignonette in England— The

Red 8j)ider— Seedling Ferns 302-363

Bark Insects on Fruic Trees- Grafting and Bud-
(ling- Russian Apples— The Lawson Pear— Good
Use for Bad Sparrows — Olive Culture— Pear
Bliglit — Qualifications of Good Celery— Straw-
berry Growing in England — nise.oyc of the Peach
in New Zealand -Chenics undei' (ilass— Gladney
Apple — American Grape Vines in France— Amer-

Cocoanuts in New Jersey — Profitable Forestry
in America— Spotted Leaf in Pine Trees— Amer-
ican Woods— The So-called Hardy Catalpa 370-371

Frank J. Scott— The Grounds "of George W.
Chdds, Bryn Mawr, near Philadelphia— AFraud
and His Partners— Ridiculous Names for Fruits
—A Fungoid Disease — Az.alea Mollis— Water
Rights — famines in the l^aud — Ruskin's Notions
of Botany— The Panaw Tree, Carica Hapav.a- Mr.
M. H. Lester — Mrs. M. P. Wilder — Joseph

.Schwartz 375-380

The Chrysanthemum Show of the Pennsylvania
Horticultural Society— The New York Chrysan-
themum ^how- Horticultural Conventions 385-386

SCRAPS AND QUERIES :

Disbranching of Norway Spruce in Winter —
Crocking or Draining Pots— Black Fly on Chry-
santhemums-Double Stocks 358-359

Palms for a Small Conservatory — Spineless

Cactuses— f^oft Soap 363-364

The Bacterian Theory of Pear Blight — Disease in
Raspberries — Kitson Pear — Apple, Beutley's

Sweet^Yellow Forest Apple 368-369

Grafting Dutch Bulbs 378-374

R. C. Poppey — Mr. Grove P. Rawson- Prospects
of Gardening in Georgia— Exaggerated Pictures
The Past Year in Washington Territory 380-382

FLOWER GARDEN A PLEASURE GROUND. 353-359

GREENHOUSE AND HOUSE GARDENING 360-364

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDENINa 8«<-S69

FORESTRY 8(»-371

NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE 371-374

LITERATURE, TRAVEL^ * PERSONAL NOTES 374-382
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES 383-386

Fly-leaf.]

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Prices to the trade upoB application to

Daffodils,

Paper White Narcissus,

Lilium Longiflorum,

Lilium Ca n d id u m ,

Lily of the Valley Pips,

Dutch Hyacinths,

Tulips,

In large varieties, expressly for Florists' Use.

New Seed of CBNTAUREA CANDI-
DISSIMA at $2.50 per ounce.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

15 John Street, - New York.

Conservatories, Greenhouses, Graperies,

&c., ERECTED IN ANY PART OF THE UNION.

Exhibited at the World's Exposition, New Orleans.

Glazed on Rendle's Patent "Acme" System, without putty.

ARTHUR E, RZSNOIiiE:,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDER AND HOT WATER ENGINEER, 2 WALL STREET, NEW YORK

an6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

[Fly-lea«.

OUR OWN IMPORTATION. TRUE TO NAME AND COLOR. SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

D. laANDRXSTII «£ SONS,

21 Sc 23 S. Sixth St., and Delaware Ave. and Arch St., Philadelphia.

J.C.VAUGHAN,

SEEDSMAN,

42 La Salle St.,

CHICAGO.

Lily of Valley
Spirea Japonica
Lilium Auratum
Bouquet Creen

All Xmas Goods.

JOS. PLENTY,

HORTICULTURAL ARCHITECT and BUILDER

Contracts taken for all kinds of Greenhouses, Conservatories, PtANTHonsES or Vineries of Improved
Construction, to be erecteil complete in all parts of the United States or Canada. Portable Conservatories a
specialty. Prices from IS32S.00, eacb securely packed aiul shii)ped f. o. b. to any partot the Union. Send for illustrated
circular. Correspondence solicited from all parties desirous of information or about to build. Architect's designs carried
out with great care. OFFICKS: 144 Pearl Street, New York ; 6 South Merrick Street, Philadelphia. iel2

ForGREENH0USE87GRAPERIES7C0NSERVAT0RIES;
HOT HOUSES AND HOT BEDS.

VANHORNE, GRIFFEN & CO.,

IMPORTERS OF FRENCH WINDOW GLASS. ALSO AMERICAN WINDOW GUSS, u.n
131, 133, 135 &, 137 Franklin St., New York City.

SCOTT'S

NOW READY FOR DELIVERY.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

Price S6.00 per Interleaved Copy, by mall post-paid.

SUPPLEMENT A.— A separate work, with Nurserymen,
Seedsmen, Florists and Fruit Growers of England, Ireland,
Scotland, Wales and Channel Islands. If taken with the
Horticultural Directory, $1.00 additional per copy. If with-
out it, 31 .M iier coiiy.

SUPPLE.MENTB.—Alsoa separate work, of Nurserymen,
Seedsmen and Florists of Austria, Havarin, Belgium, Den-
mark, France, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Pol.ind,
Russia, Saxony, .Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Wurtem-
berg. Brazil, India, .lapan, .\ustralia. New Zealand and
South Atrica. Price, if taken with Horticultural Directory,
Sl.Ofl .additional. If seiianite, $1,50. The .S together tor JX.OO.
Address CHAS. H. M.\KOT. 81 1 Chestnut .St., Phila.

s

CURRENT EDITION.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

A reference Book of the Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen
Tree Dealers, Ac, for the United States. Alphabetically
arranged by States .and Post Offices. Si2 pages, 8 vo. Price,
810.00. Mailed post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

Grand Collection of all the Best Varie ies, embracing the latest Novelties, Separate and in Mixture. Strictly First
class Seed only. Send for New Seed Price List, issued AUGUST 1st.

812 ALBERT BENZ, Douglaston. N. Y.

Ma- SEK FIRST PAGE FACING COVKR.-eH

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. 3

Special Articles of Stock for Florists

Coleus, VerscliafeUlti, (ioldeu BetltUn-, FiieJuiHul, .JCo., &v., $4 per lOO.

GERANIUMS, Double or Single, in 12 or 25 best named sorts ; fine plants in

3-inch pots, per 100 $ 6.00

ROSE, " HER MAJESTY," strong 4-inch pots, 2 feet high,

$2.50 each ; per cfcoz 24.00

ROSE, WM. FRANCIS BENNETT, in 2K-inch pots, per 100 30.00

3 " " " 50.00

" AMERICAN BEAUTY, 2 ■< " " " 50.OO

VERBENAS in 12 best market sorts, $4 per 100 ; per 1000 30.00

" New Mammoth Strain, 14 varieties, per set 3.00

Our Verbenas this Season are in the Finest Possible Condition of health and
Vigor, having been grown by a New Process, or rather an old process of ours
revived, which completely protects them against rust or other diseases. Our new
Descriptive Catalogue will be ready January 1st, and will be mailed to ail
customers of last year. When issued, to OTHERS, on APPLICATION.

PETER HENDERSON & CO.,

35 and 37 Cortland Street, New York.

August Rdlker:^Sons

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

Seeds, Bulbs i#^ Florists' Supplies.

Price Lists mailed free to the trade on application, when business card is enclosed.

WAREHOUSES at No. 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK.

For Letters, Address P. O. BOX 899.

^#% FIR TREE OIL

V//o^^^ r\Cyv<<^ II^S C2 E?^^T l<0 I r^ 2? for destroying al] insectsandparasitestliatinfect

^//^ K umifl V* \C* I ■" S^ " ^^ i I ^^ ■ ^^ " animals and plants, wUether on the foliage or at

-?/ / JS^&mL V*\"H ""^ roots; such as mealv Imgs, American Wight, red spider, scale, thrip, green and

~Jlu7 ^S^',^31 If If; black tly, wooly aphis, caterpillars, griibs, ants, worms, lice, fleas, &c. .Sure Cure, if

?il I M^'^ ^]i J* 12 used as per directions.
tn\ \ mLSL^lk- J /C3 FIR TREE oil. does not contain any poisonous properties, and is harmless to

sfi

f^^Stif^^ A ./f^ the llands and skin

f, ^3gM f VA /'T lllC 1UI11U> .llIU .''Kill.

'XJflS *V^X ' FIR TREE oil, is endorsed by prominent Florists of experience.

'mTO^'^ '"'''''' ''^" •■'"* '"'"'8* ^' ^^ '^'*- Smaller bottles, 25 cts. each.

^*^ — Larger quantities at reduced tigures. Address,

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS,

The Sole Agents for America. p. O. Box 899, or 44 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

Or cau be ordered through any respectable Seed House in the U. S.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Three Great Roses

urp MAIpCTV Circulars and price list of this wonderful new Hybrid
ntn mflJu^l I. Perpetual Hose now ready and will be sent on application.
Plants ready for delivery December 15th.

AMFRIPAN RFAIITY This is undoubtedly the most valuable Rose in-
mTI_rilUnli DunU l I . troduced for years, either for cut flower growing
or out-door culture. A splendid stock of young plants ready January let. Write
for prices. .

Wll I lAM FRANPI^s RFNNFTT ^ft^r the Ist of January, we will
VflLLIMITI rnMllUlO DCnilLI I . have this famous Rose to offer by
the 100 or 1000. Write for prices.

~-^®^ SUBPLUS STOCK-yERY CHEAP ^^^

POTS

200 CORNELIA COOK 4-IN. POTS

lOO " " 5

lOO BON SILENE 4

lOO " " 5 "

lOO •• " 6 "

150 NIPHETOS 3-IN

300 " 5

30O CATHERINE MERMETS 4
200 " " 5

50O SOUVENIR D'UN AMI 4

ICO •* " " 6

All the above Roses are extra strong and in splendid condition, being grown especially for Winter flowering.

500 ASPARAGUS TENUSISSIMUS 3-IN. POTS

200 " " 6 "

300 ADIANTUM CUNEATUM 6 "

500 VIOLETS MARIE LOUISE *S- WRITE FOR PRICES. -5»

B. A. ELLIOTT CO., Pittsburg, Pa.

Vick's Illustrated Monthly Magazine.

TUis engraving represents tlie ELEGANT COLORED PLATE,
11)^x11}^ inches, of ROSES AND PANSIES, which will be Given
Away to cash subscribers to VICK'S ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY
MAGAZINE, a beautiful publication, treating on every phase of
gardening ; 32 pages reading matter ; colored plate, and many fine
engravings each month. Price, $1.2.5 per year.

Any person sending four subscriptions with 85.00, will receive
Free a PORTFOLIO OF RARE AND BE.\UTIFUL FLOWERS,
consisting of Six Large Colored Plates, li;^xl4>^ inches, size and
color true to nature, representing some of the rarest and most
beautiful flowers in the world, and which, in their natural state,
few persons will be apt to see. The Rose and Pansy Plate will be
given to each member of the club. Price of Portfolio alone is S2.00,
and of the Rose and Pansy Plate, 36 cents. Everyone should possess
a copy of this exquisite Portfolio. It is more than worth the effort.

VICK'S FLORAI. GUIDE FOR 1886

Beautiful work of 200 pages. Colored Plate, and 1000 illustrations,
with descriptions of the best Flowers and VegcUxblcs, jirices of
Seeds and Plants, and) how to get and grow them. Price, only 10
cents, which may be deducted from first order.

JAMES VICK, Seedsman,

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

n2

A FOR THE PICTORIAL COMPLETE W * wV^yVIJwW 1 Wlv

Em~a«lnK ll' "'^.i:''"''-. f^l"'!'. "vine-, l>.u]lry. H.H'a iiinl 1 ),.,-<. Ilr II. .n. J. r.Tiain and Hr. A. II. IlakiT, V, 8.

C<»vfn.cviTvMihji.<.t p'-rfriininrto stock Of Farm i'"'ii 1" Health and Disease. Tw-n.-harw forU'iiin^
aiff'H nf Honti'H ftiidCattl.': 720 Knt'ravitiK'n aiiil 14 <'(il.>r.<l rhili-H. Formers Clear slOOa month. ACT
NOW! Exclusive Territory. Book absolutelji^without Competition. i^.'rr,.nn,i. nn.invrms.unl
••jixlraotatromAgcutB' KfjiurUt, 'et4^, aUdrvHB N. D. " - - .

ly without Competition. l-->r(',.nfl.l.iiliitlTi'rniH)Uid

Thompson Pud. Co*« ^t. Luuis, Mu., urNow Yorfe

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Ideating

Ventilating Apparatus.

Bate-BurnIng Water Heater
Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLEBCKBR STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.
Five sizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS.

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

I Sash-raising apparatus,

Lifting-Rods fo[ Sashes,

£tc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 Cents postage for Illustrated Cata-

Five sizes. New Pattern. .877. logue, wlth References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

T

HE INDEPENDENT,

No. 251 Broadway, New York.

"The most influential religious organ in the States." — The Spectator, London, Eng.

IN its thirty-seventh year of publication Tue Independent stands easily at the head of religious and literary weekly
newspapers wherever published. Being undenominational, it has the opportunity offered it to present to its readers
discussions upon all religious questions, many clergymen and laymen seeking its pages for a freer and fuller discussion
than any denominational paper will grant. Having thirty-two folio pages, it has space to give all of the important
religious intelligence ; and to aid it in doing so, it has a paid corps of correspondents scattered all over the world. The
matter of expense is not considered in its aim to give its readers the most valuable discussions and most trustworthy
facts by the ablest and most popular writers.

rOK thirty years past the design of Tue Independent has been to publish tUe ablest and best family paper in the
world, and it now occupies that position. Aside from the religious element of The Independent, its literary
attractiveness is unequaled. A glance at the names of our general contributors, which will be sent to any address upon
apphcation, will convince any one that the literary merit of the The Independent is of the first-class. Its department
devoted to book reviews is probably better and fuller than can be found in this country, and is only equaled by that of
the Academy and AthetKEiim of London.

TT has altogether twenty-two different departments, nearly all of which are edited by or contributed to by specialists.
•^ These departments are: Editorials, Fine Arts, Music, Science, Religious Intelligence, Missions, School and College
News of the Week, Hymn Notes, the Sunday-school, Legal, Sanitary, Pebbles, Biblical Research, Farm and Garden,
Insurance, Weekly Market Reports, Fmancial and Commercial, Dry Goods, Dry Goods (Quotations, Personalities.

THE Independent has thirty-two pages ; the other weeklies have from twelve to twenty-four. At $3.' 0 per year— its
subscription price— The Independent costs about six cents per week, which almost any person or family in the
United States can well ailord for a paper which gives them such wonderful returns. The cost each week for contributed
articles alone ranges from S2.>0.00 to SSOO.OO, which is probably two or three times as great as that expended by any similar
weekly religious paper in the country.

THE Independent rigidly excludes from its advertising columns advertisements of a doubtful character, or any by
which, in the opinion of its managers, subscribers might not receive an equivalent for their money. In consequence,
its advertising columns are sought after by the very best class of advertisers, to the satisfaction both of the advertiser
and subscriber.

THE Independent ought, because of its merit alone, to be taken by at least 100,000 more people than now subscribe
for it, and if any person who sees this advertisement wouhl like to make its acquaintance, he can do so by sending a
postal-card request for a free specimen copy ; or, if he prefers, he can subscribe for any length of time from one month
uj) to five years, as per rates below.

T\URING the past year The Independent, desiring that its subscribers should have stories by the very best living
-^ authors, has published contributions from R. H. Oakes ; Thomas Dunn English ; Grace Denio Litchfield, author of
''A Knight of the Black Forest," "Criss Cross," etc.; Hjalraer Hjorth Boyesen ; F'rank R. Stockton ; James Payn, author
of "The Best of Husbands," "At Her Mercy," etc.; Rose Terry Cooke; Fred'k D. Storey; Mrs. Susan E. Wallace;
Sarah Orne Jewett; Rebecca Harding Davis; J. S., of Dale; Harriet Prescott Spnfford ; Julian Hawthorne; Philip
Bourke Marston ; Edward Everett Hale, author of "A Man Without a Country;" B. P. Shillaber (Mrs. Partington);
W.E.Norris, author of "Thirlby Hall," "No New Thing." etc.; Edgar Fawcett, author of "Social Silhouettes," etc.;
F. W. Robinson, author of " Grandmother's Money." "Lazarus in London," etc.; Thomas Hardy, author of "A Pair of
Blue Eyes," "Two on a Tower," " Far from the Madding Crowd," etc.; Geo. H. Hepworth (Editor N. Y. Herald); Mrs-
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Tliico months $0.75

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Six months 1.5()

TERMS TO SUBSCRIBERS.

<)ii(> year $.3.00

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Five years 10.00

"TRIAL TKIP" <)f one inontli, 30 cents.

A specimen copy of The Indkpendent will be sent free to any aildrcss.
No papers are sent to snbscribers a/U7- the lime paid for has expired.

The Independent's (;iulil)inK List will lie sent free to any person asking for it. Anyone wishing to snbscribe for cue
or more papers or magazinet, in connection with TUK Independent, can save money by ordering from onr Club List-
AniiitEss,

P. O. Box 2787.

THE INDEPENDENT, New York.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic. Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Graperies, Conservatories, Fropagating Houses, For-
cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying
Rooms, and Heatiny Water for Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of tlie best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

D-AATID SIMCITH,

86 BDEATERLY STREET,

inyl2 BOSTON. IMCflLSS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

P. & E. TRANSON,

NURSERIES,

ORLEANS, FRANCE,

Beg to inform their American friends and customers generally that their

New List for 1885 and 1886

Is now ready and may be had on application to

Messrs. Knauth, Nachod & Kuhne,

5 U S. f ILLIAI ST., WEff YORK.

This Catalogue contains Wholesale Prices of all the Fruit Tree Stocks ; an extensive list of Fruit Trees, New and
Hardy Oruamental Plants, Climbers, the Hardiest and Best Conifers and Roses en their own Rootx. Also,
Small Conifers, Decldauns and Ever^een Ornamental Trees, 1 & 3 years' Seedlings, most useful for Nurserymen.

<*" N. B.— The greatest attention given to packing. tn5>

tsafl(il]fisips,etc.

As early as possible in December, if you wish to AVOID DELAY IN

FILLING AND SHIPPING.
OUR SEED CA.TALOGUE will be issued January 1st, and MAILED to THE
TRADE. Apply with business card.

AUGUST RdLKER & SONS,

p. 0. Box 899.

44 Dey Street, New York.

MARSCHUETZ & BACHARACH,

25 NORTH FOURTH STREET, HHILADELPHIA, PA..

IMPOKTKRS OF AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

a FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

Bouquet Papers (Italians), Pasted Cartons,

Immortelles, Dried Grasses and Flowers,

Ornamental Crass Bouquets, Mosses, '

, ... I >4m^M*sss=B- Wire Designs, Tin Foil,
or more pap Swiss Moss and Fancy Baskets.
At.TANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF BASKETS FOR FLORISTS-

P. O. Bo.ogue free on application. Orders will receive careful attention and prompt shipment. apl2

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

I%ey are Guaranteed to be the Most Powerful, Durable and Eco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Country.

We are also mannfacturing all tlie various sizes of MY£RS'
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &c
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price List.

n. A.. STRAIN,

1173 South Ninth Street,

THOS. J. MYERS, Manager.

.iptf

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

10

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

InproTed loi Water Mm

FOR HSATINGr

MMm, ^mm Gossemtoriiis, Propaiatii Mm, &c.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

No. 46 Marion Street, Ne^w York,

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dU

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

^S* Send for Circular and conditions of insertion under this headin^.^^^ift

H, S. ANDERSON. Fruit Trees, Small | THOMAS MEEHAN. I D. 0. MUNSON, Apple Seedlings. Munson

Fruits, Roses, &:c.. Union Springs, N.Y. Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil. Hill Nurseries, Falls Church, Va.

GENERAL BULB CO., Vogelenzang (Hol-
land). N.Y. Agency, 19 Broadway, myia 1

Wm. J. Stewart,

—WHOLESALE TlKALEr. IN—

CUT FLOWERS

^ FLORISTS' SUPPLIES, n2
67 Bromfleld St., Boston

ALSO.

1518 Chestnut St., Phila.

Indian Azaleas,

TRADE SIZES AND SPECIMENS.

Mollis and Ghent Azaleas, Rhododeiirons, Camellias,
OrcbidH, Palms aud General Kuropean Stock. Apply to

A.. VA-Iff GrEEFlT,

mbtf Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS,

8EEDSM EN AND NCRSERI MEN

10,000 Electros for aliove. For sale
clu-ap. Si.'ml 25c. for larpe illustrated
l)ook and iieiUu-t from l.st order. No
one can t-oninete with lue in prices
for New work. ftf

d.3

s

ibley's Tested Seed

Cataloirue free onapplirntion. Send for it.

HIE AM SIBLEY <k CO.,

KocHESTEE, N. Y. iND CHii'^r.o. III.

s

TOBACCO STEMS,

In bales weighing 500 lbs. each, at S5.00 per uale, or three
bales for »13. 00.

TOBACCO DUST, $3 per case. Free on board ot boats or cars.

OV2 Straiton &, Storm,

204-208 East 27th St., New York City.

OBliNmPEARS!

Si'.-ri,,iiies. LeConte and Kieffer
!'■ (1 - nil their <-\vn root s; Battlettand

• ■Uivr i.t-ars on Lel.'.^nt.- in^t^ ; Peen

To wii Honey !'■ ui iu-< ; Russian
Apricots "H ciuni , Peaches "-"i
i.tuiii ;iiiii i.-.trd T7u5Sian Apples.

(■;it.i!o;,Mi.-, Willi lari-.fi.T. A larfcand

..'.■iMr;il ;l--.mi luKin mi Fruit Trees.
Ad-lM-s W. F. HEIKES, M.uiairer.
HuntsillieMurst-rkh, H untsville, Ala>

Carnation Plants

I offer tor sale Fine Thrifty I'arnatioii Plants, grown in
fiehl all bummer. Will be ready Sept. Send for Catalogue.

ntf

THOMAS F. SEAL.

UnionviMe. Chester Co., Pa.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plantations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and tieedUngs for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

(nhi2 Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

LOUIS BOEHMER,

EXPORTER OF

Mum Plants, Bnlbs, Mi k.

NOS. 4. 5 <Sc 28 BI^UFF,

Prices on application. [f 12] YOKOHAMA, JAPAN.

BOSTON TEA ROSES

Caretnllv packed and shipped to all points in Western and
Middle States, at lowest Boston market prices. Price list
of Flowers and P'lorisLs' supplies sent on a]ipHcation.

WELCH BROS.,

WHOLESALE FLORISTS.
2 165 Tremont Street. Boston. Mass.

nmOMAS YOUNG, Jr.,

WHOLESALE

sC

No. II West 27th Street,

NEIW YORK.

«»-CHOICE ROSES A SPECIALTY.-®* Sl2

£&

^

Wm. Francis Bennett, out of 2-inch pots, S6.00 per doz.

Quotations furnished at lO'l rates.
12 Best Varieties of Double Pe(ania«.Sl for the fall set.
SO Best Varietiesof Verbenas, »3.S0 per 100.

Cash with order from unknown correspondents, or satis-
factory reference. . _
012 DE WITT BROS., Bristol, Pa.

12

THE HORTICULTURAL AbVERTlSER.

Stock Plants

OF ALL THE BEST OLD AND NEWER VARIE-
TIES OF BEDDING PLANTS.

Also young plants of same, either from 2-in. pots or the
cutting bench.

CHOICE CUT FLOWERS

FOR THE COMING SEASON.
Write for lowest prices.

N. STUDER, Florist,

t8i2. Anacostia P. 0., Washington, D. C.

GEORGE FREESE

BOGOTA

EXPORTER OF

las,

K

FROM THE U. S. OF COLUMBIA,
SOUTH AMERICA.

tdl2 FIRST-CLASS REFERENCES GIVEN.
Correspondence in Fnglish, German, French, orSpanisIi.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY

Established in 1857,
NO. 2Q6 PE.ft.RL STREET,
P. O. Box 2956. New York City.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES : ^

O. G. VAN TUBP^RQEN Jr. Seedsman and Florist, Haarlem, Holland.

JOHN STEWART & SONS, Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, .... Dundee, Scotland.

LiEVAVASSEUR & FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, Ussy, France,

IJ:NAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

PIERRE 8KBIRE, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

COCHP;T-aUI5IN A FILS. Rose Growers, Grisy-Suisnes, France.

EUGENE VERDIER FILS AINE, Florist; New Gladioluses, Roses, Paeonias, etc., a specialty, Paris, France.
V. LEMOINE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, --.... Nancy, France.
FRANCIS REliUFrt, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - Ollioules, France.

C. PLATZ A SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, I^russia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg.Germany.

And many other £uropean Nureerymen, Seedsmen and Florists*
whose Catalogues will bo sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are receiyed for distribution. ial2

PURDY'S

KRIIT KKt ORDER

f Jropped from l$I.OO to SOc,
f per year. TAe Bist Fruit and
t LOWER Pai'Er published in this
, counlry. Sperimen free. t^U
• speahB for il«<ir.

..:s»TTn.i3'y'S SM.VLL FRUIT
TO\y "y''''*'Ut^'l'»>R. the «,oilJ,ra,:t!\al votV..
^4 printed nn growing S.MALL Fruits : ncstpaid.
^5»; only 25 els. . i- «- -i

{S^ Catalogue of Nursery Stock,
i^bMALL Fruit, Flower & Vegetable
Seed, dc, filled v/\l\\ JiraLtical
^■^■^ .Mtcmsand sugj;estions, freetoalj.
A ^*M^ ^ I'osl.'is^e Stcimps for It'ss
'^ yj^^ ^ ami. iinrs than ^l.fiii nccejitert. but
" ' ' J. AJ

aprtlerrtj. AJdresa

^A.M.PURDY,

PALMYRA,
^^ N.Y '

/

^O^

^^\^

The Flowering Plants,

GRASSES, SEDGES and FERNS

OF
CrI%E:.A.T BFtlTAIN

And their allies, the Club Musses, PepperwortR and

HursetailH.

By ANNIE PRATT,
B vols, octavo, cloth, gilt. .•Jli) full colored plates. Illustra-
ting 154.3 speides llgurcd with index in each vol. with botani-
cal and common name refeiring to plate, figure and paper.
Price J32..'>0 sent |iost-pai(l. Address,

CHAS. H. MAKOT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

n2

n3 1
com

TO NURSERYMEN.

PEACH PITS!

A larRe fltock Choice Southern Natural

I'eac'h PiCH, B«lected from original SeedliiiR
TreRfl in Tennflssee. which areentiroly ftoe from
Yellows ordiseatte at 50 yearM of a^^e.

SAMPLES AND PRICES ON APPLICATION.

JOHNSON & STOKES, Seedsmen

219 Market street, PHILADliJ-PHlA. PA.

—I— nWITM1iBMih.llWli mil IIW

l&Oniddpn Xnine.etr. Perfumed CardnAF^J^
I lOo. CLINTON UK08, Cllntonvllle, Oonik

IIJIIOOS TO FRUITS.

By Wm. Saundbrs, F. R. S. C.

Dedicated to the Fruit Growers of America. 8 vo., (Moth,
pp. 4.36. Illustrated with 440 Wood Cuts. Price $:5.00 by
mail, post-p;ii(i. Address,

CHAS. II. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

Art of Grafting and Bedding

By CHARLES RALTET,
and

flexi-
ble. Price 81.2.5 mailed, postage free. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street Phlla.

Appropriatelv and fully illustrated by 186 cuts, showing
methods, tools and apj>fiances. Pp. 230, 12 mo. cloth. ** ""

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

13

■ FRUIT TREE STOCKS ^ FRIIIT TREE STOCKS

SPECIAL CULTURE

lpaillet;

Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), near Paris, France,

advises liis numerous customers that he cau uow supply
any orders of Fruit Tree Stocks at a very moderate price.
Catalogue printed in English will be sent on demand.
Large orders will be supplied on very liberal and low prices. Special arrangements may be made at
very cheap prices for shipments sent franco New York, all expenses paid and duties included. Orders
must be sent directly to L. PAILLET. Money deposit to be sent to my Bankers, Messrs. John
Monroe, Nassau Street, New York City. Nurseries Established 1827. to6

W. S. ALLEN,

WHOLESALE DEALER IN '

CUT FLOWERS

940 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

Offers to the trade the BEST QUALITY of NEW and
STANDARD varieties of ROSE.S and all other CUT
FLOWERS. Packed in the most careful manner and at the
LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES for the CHOICEST QUAL-
ITY. Write for Price List. Consignments solicited. s6

d3

[One-fourth full size.]

THE MINERAL INKSTAND,

Composed of twenty different minerals, petrifactions, C17S-
tals, fossils, and gems of the great Rocky Mountain regions
of Wyoming, Colorado and other parts of the Far West,
■comprising gold, silver, copper ana iron ores, agates, ame-
thysts, topazes and other precious atones, of rainbow hues.
The natural and brilliant tints of the various specimens
make it a cabinet of rare beauty. It combines instruction
with utility, and Is an epitome of the mineral wealth of the
"Rockies. * A splendid ornament for the desk, shelf or
table, or a novel and lasting gift to a friend. Sent, post-paid
for $2.50 on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St, Phila.

XSssay on Roses.

Paper, pp. 24.

BY MBS. M. D. WEtLCOME.

Illustrated.

Price, 15 cents.

Mrs. Wellcome writes with enthusiasm, and from a
thorough knowledge, and a considerable experience. All
lovers of roses and all amateur horticulturists will find the
little monograph inteiesting and suggestive." — Boston
Journal.

Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., PhUa.

ON 30 DAYS' TRIAL.

THIS NEW

I ELASTIC TRUSS

'Has a I'ad different frum all
others, is cup shape, with Self,
adjusting Ballinceiiter.adapts
itself to all positions of the

. bodv while the ball in the cup

1 presses back the intes-
tinea Just as a person
does with the finger, With lii^'ht pi.-sMiiv tlie Her-
nia is held securely day and nitrht, .ind a railioal cure
certain. It is easy, durable and cheap. Sent by mail. Cir-
eularefree. KGGtESTON TRUSS CO.. Cbieosoi W-

(Mention this paper.)

The LANGUAGE and SENTIMENT of

FLOWERS

Including FLOKAL, POETRY; with original illustrations
printed in colors, 310 pages, 16mo. Price, $1.25; by mail
post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., PhUa.

Hand-book of Useful Tables

For the Lumberman, Farmer and Mechanic, containing ac-
curate tables of logs reduced to inch board measure, plank,
scantling and timber measure ; wages and rent by week or
month; cai)acity of granaries, bins and cisterns; land
measures; interest tables, with direction for flndmg the
interest on any sum at 4, 5, 6, 7 and S per cent, and many
other useful tables. Revised and enlarged edition, 182 pp.,
25 cents. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price. Address
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FRUIT CULTURE

And the LAYING out and MANAGEMENT of a

COUNTRY HOME.

BY WM. C. STRONG.

205 pages, 16mo, cloth. Price, $1.00, by mail, post-paid.
Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PEAR CULTURE FOR PROFIT.

BY P. T. QUINN.

A practical Horticulturist, and author of " Money In the
Garden."

Containing practical method of raising Pears Intelligently
and with loest results: character of soil, best mode of preparing
It; best varieties to select under existing conditions; best mode
of' planting, pruning, fertilizing, grafting, and utilizing the
ground before the trees come into bearing, and finally gathering
and packing for market Illustrated with practical cuts on
pruning and grafting, distance table and orchard record. 136
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $1. Sent by mail, post-paid, on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

14

THE HORHCULTURAL ADVERTISER.

LILY OF VALLEY

Finest Pip-. *10 piT l(iiK1 : Finest Uluiups, «30 per lOO.

LILIUM AURATUWI, 11 to 13 in, per 100 S 15.00

speciosum album prscox. large, per 100 . 30.00

" '■ rubrum. l:irL;c-, per 101) 16.00

FINEST IMPORTED ROSES lor Potting, per 100 13.00

H. WATERER, Importer and Exporter,

n2 56 North 38th St., Phila.

COLM&N'S RUR&l WOitlD.

Thi^"l<i";>t ami hes-i .XyriculturaMVeekly in thf \\e3t.
FouiMlfil I'V Hu.N. NouMA.v .I.Coi.MAN. Subsrnptjuii
price *l.^fi "per vear. Samplt; copy sent frte. Send
vour name and aNo vour iiejtrhbors on postal cara at
once lu C. D. COI^MAN, St, liOnU, Mo.

New Edition— Just Published.

The Amencan Fruit Cultunst,

Containing Practic.il Directions for the Propagation and
Culture of all Fruits adapted to the United .States,

BY JOHN T. THOMAS,

1st Pres't Fruit-Growers' Society of Western N. Y.; Hon-
orary Member Mass. Hort. Society ; of Penna. Fruit-
Growers' Society ; of the Hort. Society of Indiana,
etc., and for 30 Years a Practical Nurseryman.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

Illustrated with .519 fine wood engravings. In one h.and-
some 12mo volume of 503 pages, bound in extra muslin.
Price, S2.00, by mail, free of postage. Address,

OH.\S. H. MAROT.SH Chestnut St., Phila.

I STOVE '^"'r:::;"'^

PLANTS ---ved.
Palms, Ferns and Lycopodiums.

BY THOMAS BAINES.

Full details of the Propagation and Cultivation of 500

Families of Plants, embracing all the best kinds in
cultivation, suitable for growing in the Green-
house, Iiilrniiiiliiilr JInuxf and Stove.
Octavo, 362 pages, cloth. Price, & 50, by mail, post-paid.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BACK VOLUMES

OF THE

Can still be had in numbers, per year - - - - J2 00

Bound in neat cloth cases, including numbers, - - - 2 75

" H Roan, " " ... 800

Cloth cases alone, mailed for - - - - - - . " 60

Delivered postage free.
Or mail us your own numbers, and have them bound in cloth cases
for 90 cents. Returned to you bound, postage free.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

PATENT BINDER

For the Gardbnbr's Monthly. Numbers filed with the greatest
convenience Preserve them filed tor reference, and have them
when you want them. Neatly lettered on the side in gilt. Price, 00
cents each. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut Si. Phila.

MY WHOLESALE

AND GENERAL CATALOGUES OP GREEN.
HOUSE AND BEDDING, PLANTS, OECHIDS,
ROSES, &c., mailed to all applicants.

WM. C.WILSON,

ASTORIA. L. I., N. Y.

N. Y. City Store, 45 West 14th Street. tutf

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Beinf^ descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbons plants, and their chief varie-
ties; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, S2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Architects'and BuildersTocket Companion

AND PRICE BOOK,

By FRANK W. VODGES, Architect.

Consisting of a short but comprehensive epitome of Decimals, Duo-
decimals. Geometry and Mensuration, with tables ol U. S. Mea-
sures, strengths, etc., of iron, wood, stone and various other ma-
terials, quantities of materials in given sizes and dimensiors of
wood, brick and stone, and a full and complete bill of prices for
Carpenter work. Also, rules for computiiig and valuing brick and
brick-work, stonework, painting, plastering, &c., 284 pages, i6mo,
cloth 81.50. Tuck, g2.oo. Sent by mail postage free, on receipt of
price. Address,

CHAS. H MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

PRACTICAL HINTS

On the selection and use of the

MICROSCOPE,

Intended for beginners, by John Phin,
Editor of the Am. Journal of Microscopy. Fourth and en-
larged edition. Profusely illustrated; 240 pp , 12mo, cloth.
Price, $1.00. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chefltnut St., Phila.

INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS.

By Chas. Darwin.
With copious descriptive contents and index. Illustrated.

462 paKcs, flmo, cloth. Price$7.00.
Sent by mail post-paid ou receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

AMERICAN GARDENER'S ASSISTANT.

By Thomas Bridgemati.

Containing complete practical directions for the cultivation of
Vegetables, Flowers, Fruit Trees and Grapevines. Illustrated.
529 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $2.5(X Sent by mail post-paid on
receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chentnut St., Phila.

WINDOW GARDENING.

By Henry T. Williums.

Devoted .sipecially to the Culturo of Flowers and Ornamental
Phtiits for In-door v^e and Par/or Decoration. Splendidly illus-
trated. .')0(> pages, nicd. 8vo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila,

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

15

CUT FLOWERS

BOSE BtTDS, CARNATIONS, VIOLETS, BOUVAK-
DIAS, SMILAX, Jlo. Price on aiiplicatiiin.

50,000 VERBENAS

S20 per lOUO. Rooted Cuttings, »1

No rust nor mildew
anteed. Address,

Packed light.

30 Choii-est V,arie-

tics, «2.50 per 100;

_ pet 100; «8 per 1000.

and satisfaction guar-

50,000 TUBEROSES

Lar^e size, well matured. S;uuptes sent for a 2c. stamp.

%>f A |M^n^f% Some Ro.se Stocks for budding
VVAN I tlU Roses on. .\ddross,

td2 H. A. CATLIN,

No. 6 North Ninth Street, Richmond, Va.

tmyl2

J. L. DILLON, Florist,

BLOOMSBURCH, PA.

RARE t CURIOUS
o<OLD WORKS>«

McDonald's Dictionary of Gardening,

2 vols. Quarto ( London 1807) 72 plates S I O. OO

Jo. Bapt. Ferrarii sinensis E. Societate Jesu
de Florum Cultura.

(Rome 1633) 522 pages, Q,uarto, -11 full page plates and
index rerum. Limp calf. Paper in perfect state of
preservation S25.00

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

UfliTersal Merest

At 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 per cent, computed by
George William Jones
of Cornell University, and guaranteed correct. Pp. 120,
16 mo, cloth, limp. Price, SO cents. Mailed post-paid.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

Farm Conveniences.

A Practical Every-day llandliook tor the Farm. Full
of Labf)r-saving devices and Home-made contrivances,
within the reach of all. Contains the best ideas gathered
from a score of practical men in all deiiartments of B'arm
Labor. 212 Illustrations, 240 pages. 12 mo, cloth. By mail,
post paid, for 81.50. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FARMING

WITH

ON PLUMCROVE FARM,

BY C. HARLAN, M.D.

269 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price$l,00, mailed, post-paid, on receipt
of price. Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila,

Every Woman

HER OWN FLOWER GARDENER.

BY DAISY EYEBRIGHT.

Elustrated. 148 pages, small 8vo, cloth. Price, $1.00; by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FOR

YOUNG AND OLD.

The Cultivation o) Garden Vegetables In the Farm Garden.

BY JOSEPH HARRIS, M. S.

ninstrated, 191 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
$1.25, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

London Gardener's Chronicle

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers in theU. S.fof
96.35 per year. Apply to

CHAS. H.MAROT,Agent,8i4 Chestnut St.. Phila.

Being the expenence of many practical writers. Bring-
mg together the devices that hundreds of housekeepers
have found useful in their own homes. The "Conveniences"
are selected on account of their practical character, trust-
ing that they may lighten the labor and "save steps" to
many an over-worked housekeeper. 220 Illustrations, 240
pages, 12 mo, cloth. Sent by mail, post paid, for $1.50.

Address. CHAS. H, MAROT 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

for the Amateur and Professional Florist. Illustrated. 288 pages.
i2mo, cloth. Price, $i.y>. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price.

Address, CHAS H. MAROT,

3i4 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PKTKR HENDERSON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Qreenliouse, Conservatory and 'Window-Garden.

Illustrated. 250 PaBcs, 12mo. cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by
mail post-paid on receipt of price.

^d.Irpss CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Benjamin S. Williams, F.R.H.S.
Comprising descriptions of 950 choice species and varieties, Brit-
ish and Exotic, with directions for their management in the Tropical,
Temperate and Ha.rdy Fernery, with numerous beautiful lull-page
illustrations. 353 pages, izmo, cloth. Price, ^2.50. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

81* Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By Benj. S, Williams. F. K. H. S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
varieties. Instructions for their cultivation and mode of mauage-
m-'nt. Illustrated with uolored frontispiece and numerous
splendid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth. Price
S5.00. Sent by mail post- paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. U. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St.. PhllC

GARDENING BY MYSELF

BY AKNA WAKNER.

Containing Hints and Experiences under heading of each
month in the J ear. Illustrated. 16tno, 223 pages. Price, paper,
60c.; cloth, 81.2-5. Sent my mail post-iiaid on receipt of price.

A d d re ss

' CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOUSANDS OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS

In 3 and 4 and 5-inch pots, vigorous plants, all of which will bloom finely. Prices
according to variety. Florists should get stocked w^ith the best before the rush of
fall sales. ROMAN HYACINTHS of extra fine quality, $3.50 per 100; $30 per
1000. PAPER WHITE, TRUMPET, MAJOR and VON LION NARCISSUS, selected
for forcing, at reasonable rates. HYACINTHS, TULIPS, LILY OP VALLEY,
LILIES, &c., of best grade. FREBSIA REFRACTA ALBA, large bulbs, $6.00 per
100. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS, $3 and $5 per 100. Large stock of Home-
grown CLEMATIS. Catalogue now ready.

Y. H. HALLOCK, SON & THORPE, East Hinsdale, New York.

TELEGRAMS, QUEENS, N. Y. sl2

Oowning's Landscape Gardening and
Rural Architecture.

BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING, ESQ.

Adapted to North America, with a view to the improvementin
•country residences. Comprising historical notices of the art, di-
rections for laying out grounds and arranging plantations ; the de-
scription and cultivation of hardy trees, decorative accompaniments
of the house and grounds, the formation of artificial water, flower
gardens, etc.; with remarks on rural architecture. With two sup-
plements by H. Winthrop Sargent. Handsomely illustrated, pp.
592. Royal 8vo. Price, $6.50, by mail, postage free.

The above work is now ont of print and when the few
remaining copies at present in stock are disposed of BO mere Cffcn
4ie Iliad. Those who wish to secure a copy of this valuable work
while the chance is yet open, should speak at once. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Pbila.

Manual of Accidents and Emergencies,

Or how to avoid accidents and what to do when they occur,
with notes on the Preservation of Health. Compiled for the
nse of Teachers, Students, aud the Industrial Classes,

}3y Geo. A. Groff, M. D.,

«f the Univeraity of Lewiabure, Pa. pp 92, 12 mo. boards,
price 50 cents by mail post-paid.
Address. 0HA8. H. MAROT, 814 Cliestnut Street, Pliila.

G^ C O L O R A D O ^^£)

AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE.

Its Farms, Fields and Garden Lands.

BY WM. E. PABOB.

Illustrated, 213 pages, 12mo, cloth, beveled boards. Price
♦1.50, mailed, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Cliestnut St., Phila.

fRUIT GROWER'S ERIEM.

AN EASY GUIDE FOR THE

Raising ofFruitsforPleasureor Profit

BY R. H, HAINES.

Paper, 34 pp.. 8vo, price 30 cents; mailed post-paid on receipt
of price. Aadress ,

CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Strbht, Phila.

A MANUAL OF VEGETABLE PLANTS,

BY ISAAC r. TILLINGHA8T.

Containing the experiences of the author in starting all those
kinds of vegetables wnich arc most difficult for a novice to produce
from seed ; with the best methods known for combating and repell-
ing noxious insects and preventing the diseases to which garden
vegetables arc subject. 102 pages, i6mo, cloth, price, fi.oo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phlla

A NEW BOOK I
NOW READY.

THE ROSE

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
istics, etc., of the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. EIXW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, $1.25. Address^

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

NortiAfflfiricaflSylYa

5 vols., 156 colored plates, in 30 parts:

In parts, unbound J60 00

" Halt Turkey Morocco, antique gilt 70 00

" Full " " " 75 00

" Cloth, gilt top 65 00

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

JUST PUBLISHED.

The Sportsman's Gazetteer,

BY CHARLES HALLOCK.

New, Revised and Enlarged Edition.

This well-known volume, comprising 1,000 pages, passed
through six editions, and became the recognized authority
in both continents on matters pertaining to Field Sports.
It has now been revised under the personal supervision qf
the author^ who, since the appearance of the last edition,
has largely extended his knowledge of the subjects treated
by three years' travel over new portions of'^ the United
States and Canadas, which have not hitherto been brought
to the immediate attention of sportsmen. This revised
edition contains entirely new matter in several depart-
ments, a newly engraved portrait of the author, new maps,
and many fine illustrations representing Game Birds, Qame
Dogs, Game Fishes, etc., etc. Price, post-paid, S3.00.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. PhlU.

HOOK OF EVERGREENS.

By Josiah Hoopes.

.\ nrrxtical treatise on the Coniferce or Cone-bearine; plants.
Handsdmely illustrated. 4;i3 pages. l2mo, cloth. Price $3.00-
8euL by mall post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT;

814 Chestnut St., PLIla,

ROSES AND ROSE CULTURE.

By Wm. Paul. F.R.H.S.
The r.-\tionalc of Rose cultivation in a nut-shell. Intended to
place within a small compass all that is necessary for the successful
cultivation of the " Queen of Flowci-s." 83 pages lamo, pap«r-
boards. Price, 60 cents. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
Drice, Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut Sucet, Philadelphia. ,

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

Acer polymorphum
atropurpureum.

Japan Blood-leaved Maple.

'T^HIS beautiful Maple, although not new,
is not known as well as it should be. We
offer it this year to the Trade at lower prices
than ever before, and can supply fine plants
for immediate planting on lawns or in the
nursery. Our collection of Ornamental Trees
and Shrubs is very extensive, and we will
mail our Catalogue on application.

lEEHAI'S LTTJRSERIES,
Cermantown, Philad'a, Pa.

HAVE YOU YET SECURED A

PHOTOGRAPH

OF THE

L SECKEL ?m mu

160 TO 800 YEARS OLD AND STILL STANDINGI

Send for one and have sometliing more tlian a mere tra-
dition. They are mounted on card board, 8x 10 inches, and
will be securely mailed for 50 cents. Address,

(JHA.S. H. MAR(.>T, Publisher,

S14 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BV KE^\ T. \V. MOORE, D.D.

I61110, clotb, 184 pages, fine paper. Price, $1.00; by mail,
post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8U Chestnut St., Pliila.

LANGUAGE SERIES.

A new system on the most simple principles, for Universal
Self-Tuition, with Knglish pronunciation of every word.
Revi>ed Edition.

German at a Glance. Bound in paper. Price 25 cents.
Boards H5 cents.

French at a Glance* Bound In paper. Price 25 cents.
Boards ;i5 cents.

Spanish at a Glance. Bound in paper. Price 25 cents.
Boards 35 cents.

Italian at a Glance. Bound in paper. Price 25 cents .
Boards 3o cents.

Mailed, postage free, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Kose,

by WM. PAUL.
92 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, SI 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receiptor price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestout Street. Phila.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

By Geo. W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
iheir cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, i-ncluding the
new plants and varieties. 1026 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
$iJOQ. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

m BEST METHODS EMPLOYED ID ENGLAND M FRANCE,

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Lieboeurs Essay on Aspara^s
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted
for its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
edition. 84 pages. 50 cents by mail on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Airlce Gm BIM MM

By JOHN MORTIMER MURPHY,

Author of Sporting Adventures in the Far West, Rambles in
Northwest America^ The Zoology and Resources of Ore'
gon and Washington Territory. A Search for the
Mountain of Gold, 77ie Forester of the Ardennes^
Adventures in the Wilds of Florida^ etc., etc.
Handsomely Illustrated. 347 pages. 12mo. Cloth. Tinted
Paper. Price, 82.00 by mail, post paid. Addi'ess
CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Chiefly such as are Caused by Fungi, by Washington G.
Smith. K.L.S., M.A.I. Member of the Scientitic Commit-
tee of the Royal Horticultural Society. 143 Illustrations
drawn and engraved by the author. 10 mo, 353 pages, cloth,
price $1.50, by mail post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. AlAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FARM HOMES,

IN-DOORS AND OUT-DOORS.

By E. H. Lhland.
Illustrated, 204 pages, cloth, price 31 50; mailed, post-paid oa '«-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut St., x-hila.

iS

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

"We now offer the following seeda at the annexed prices, PER BUSHEL. All
are good, plump, fresh seeds; and of extra choice quality:

Mazzard Cherry $ 5.50 Apple $ 5.00

Horse Plum 7.00 Apple, French Crab 10.00

Pear Priced later on.

STOCKS.

We can supply any of the following stocks, and will give prices on application:
Apple, Mazzard and Mahaleb Cherry, Pear and Plum.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES, Cermantown, Phila.

THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition,
reVised by the author. 25c. Mailed, post-paid on receipt or
price.

''Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal." — London Qardener's Magazine.

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teacliing Botany, and also of those who are about to study
ll " — London Journal of Horticulture.

" No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teachers of Botany." — Gardeners' Monthly.

Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal.— 2/ie Botanical Gazette.

"It would be difficult to overestimate the difference be-
t^veen the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over tbe
inialysis of flowers." — N. Y. Evening Post.

"The mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
ing the mind..'"— Country Gentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

A popular review, containing chapters on Orchid Life,
Orchid Flowers, Orchirl Mysteries, Orchid Homes, Uses of
Orchids, History of Orchids, Value of Orchids, Hybrid
Orchids. By Lewis Castle (Author of "Cactaceous Plants").

Opinions. — Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart , M.P. : "A useful
little book." Baron SchrGder, The Dell Staines: "I have
read your essay upon Orchids with the greatest interest.
I consider it most instructive, and of great use to amateurs."
R. L Lynch, A.L.S., Curator of the Cambridge University
Botanic Garden ; " Your Orchid Review is a success. The
selection of matter is most Interesting, and there could be
no better introduction for the use of visitors to the Orchid
Conference than tliis little book."

12mo, 60 pages, 13 illustrations. Price 50c., bv mail.
Address; CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENING FOR PROFIXT^

BY PETER BKNDEKSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the
MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN,

ffew and enlarged edition. Illustrated. 276 Pages, 12mo, cloth.
Price, 51.50. Sent hj mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

' PRACTICAL

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise on the Propagation and Culture of the Camellia Ja-

fonica, by Robert J. Halliday. Illustrated with Five Colored
'lates and 50 Wood Engravings. I2mo,pp. 141, cloth. Price, $2.00.
Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

THE PEACH;

Its Ciimre ai Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ex-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

affected by the ** tellonrs" and other

Diseases of tbe Tree.

98 pages. 12iuo. Cloth, SI. 00. Paper, 60 cents.

Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Select Extfa-Tropical Plants,

Readily eligihle for industrial culture or naturalization,
with indications of tlieir native countries, and some of
their uses, by Baron Ferd. Von Mueller, K. C, M. G., M. D.,
Ph. D., F. R, S., Government Botanist of Australia ; Hon-
orary or Corresponding; Member of Scientific Societies and
Academies in Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco,
Chicago, Kingston, Mexico, Caracas, Buenos Ayres.

The question of tree culture is one to which the people of
this country must, before the lapse of many years, of neces-
sity give their attention. In Baron von Mueller's book the
trees and plants not indigenous to this country, but capable
of cultivation here, are given, with such description of them
and of the particular sections to which they are adapted^ as
makes it an indispensable work to those interested in im-
proving our native floral wealth. American edition, revised
and enlarged. 450 pages. Octavo. Cloth, Price, $3.00; mailed,
post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

Bv SUIRLBV HlBBERD-

A handy guide to the construction and management of plant
houses and the selection , cultivation and improvement of orna-
mental greenhouse and conservatory plants. Illustrated Tvith
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages, cloth, 12mo.
Prlce$3.00. Sent by mall postpaid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Botanist's Pocket Book.

4th Edition, cloth limp, pp. 208. By W. B. HajTvard.
Containing in a tabulated form the chief characteristics of
British Plants, with the Botanical Name, Ccinimon Name,
Soil and Situation. Growth and Time of Flowering of every
Plant, arranged under its own Order. Price 81-70. Mailed,
postage free. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

19

PO

REIGN GRAPE VINE3

FOR GRAPERIES

__,__ ^ One year old vines, $1.00 each-
KHitt : I j^jj ygg^ Qij ^jj^gg^ $2.00 each

Bowood Muscat,
Muscat Hamburg,
Canon Hall Muscat.
Madresfield Court Muscat
Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat
Muscat cf Alexandria,

Frontignan Grizzly,
Frontignan Black,
Gros Colman,
Hamburg Black,
Hamburg Wilmot's,
Hamburg Mill Hill,
Hamburg Victoria,
Lady Down's Seedling,
Prince Albert,
Royal Ascot,
Santa Cruz,
Trentham Black,
White Nice,
White Syrean,
White Sweetwater,
White Tokay.

Black Prince.
Black Alicante,
Black Barbarossa,
Black St. Peter's,
Buckland Sv/eet%vater,
Calabrian Raisin,
Chasselas de FoDtainebleau,
Chasselas White,
Chasselas Golden,
Duchess of Buccleuch,
Frontignan White,

Catalogue sent free on application.
We would also call special atteiitiun to our stock of
Camellias, Azaleas, Acacias, Roses and general collection
of winter-blooming ornamental foliage and l)ed<iing plants

DAVID FERGOSSON & SONS, Laurel HUl Nurseries,

t.f.12 Ridge and Lehigh Avenues, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Scientific Angler

Being a general and instructive work on Artistic Anjglirig.
By the late David Foster.

Containing the habits and haunts of fisli, bottom fishing
(general), pike fishing, spinning for trout, worm fishing for
trout, grub fishing for grayling, piscatorial entomology, on
fly making, Ily fishing tor trout and gravling, live fly and
'beetle fishing, notes on the month tor dy fishing, salmon
and sea trout fishing, about hooks.

Pp. 247. Illustrated. Cloth, 12mo. Price, post-paid, $1.60.

Address, CHAS. H. SIAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AND THE GAME
WATER BIRDS

Of tlie Atlantic Coast and the Lakes of the United States.
By Robert Barnwell Roosevelt. With a full account of
the sporting along our seashores and inland waters and
remarks on breech loaders and hammerless guns. Illus-
trated and with a portrait of the author. Cloth, 12 mo,
mailed, post-paid, on receipt of $2.00. Address,
CHAg^.^AROT, 8H Chestnut St.. Phila.

THE SCHOOL GARDEN

BY DR. SCHWAB, DIRECTOR OP THB VIENNA GYMNASIUM, ETC.
PROM THE GERMAN BY MRS. HORACE MANN.

Advocating education by labor as well as by study, not as a task
l""' as a delight. Adapting the kindergarten principle to older
children. In France and Sweden it is no longer an experiment.
School gardens in city and town are destined to be a great educa-
tional force in America. This book, full of spiritandenthusiasm, will
materially hasten the day. Price by mail, 50 cts. each. By express
5 copies for |2.oo, 12 copies for $4 00. Sent on receiot of price '

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street. fhM

Manual of Botany of tie Norlern Unitei^taies.

By Asa Gray.

Including the district east of the Mississippi and north of Carolina
-uiJ Tennessee. _ Arfauccd according to the Natural System. .Illus-
trated with 20 pia»-o ui Sedges, Gra-sses, Ferns, &c. 703 pages^
JS\o^ half-arabesque clolti sides. Ptice, ^2.25. Sent by mailpos^
paid oa receipt ol" price. ,

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, i , , r .j

814 Chestnut Street, Pbil^delphia . . ,

' -1.71

■ ■'':!
: r,-i,h

By Edward Spragucs Rand, Jr. * ■ '.i

Atreatlseon HatdyaijdTender bulbs and Tubers. 369 pages, lattid,

cloth. Price, $2.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS- H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUsi.

To Florists and Nurserymenij

■hmbhbFOR forcing NEXT WINTER ^^m^h ii^il

■';■-;' I-' •'-■•!
Lilacs, Charles X ami Alba VIrginaliS, nice plants, ctiltivated in pots and 1 to 2 feet high, 8 to 20 binBcheS,
0 to 15 Hon-er buds, 830, S40 and !50 per 100. ' ' ' ' - . . : • <

Prunus sinensis flore pleno, »'ce plants, cultiyatedm pots, well set with flowei^....... ?30 per 10ft

Deutzia gracilis^, nice plaiits for forcing and pot culture, 6;tO 10 branches. ....^j.^.j^. C^xS 860 and $60 per 1000

Spiraea Japonica, fi^e plants for forcing $30, $40,andS60 per 1000

Camellias, assorted;, i to 3)4 feet, bush j;. ;.......» .............^......■.'.'.i;! AfsSO, no, S90 and SlOO per 100

Azalea Indica, "ii^e plants for forcing....-:.....!...; .Ti^.,J',^.f.»?.rt™^l,';...

Phormium Tena*, uiceorjiamentingplantis ^q^ apartment .!..... ..<..,, i.. $8S,$35 and $60 per 100

Aspidistra viridis and foliis variegatis, fine plants for apartment — J50 tosioo per wo

Araucaria excelsa (SOOO disposalile), tine shaped, stout plants for aparttnent decoration, head cuttings and head

grafted plants, 5 to 10 in,, 813 to $16 pel' doz.; 10 to 13 in., 820 to 886 per ddz.j 18 to 25 in., $86 to $3i> per do^

ArftUCaria Bidwilii, e vtra tine, 8 to l feet 87 to810«aoi

. , imbricata, 3 years seedling, tr.ansplanted, 8 to 10 inches..... $80per ICW

" 4, .5, 6 years, tcaniplanted, 1.5 to 30 inches.. H.!.l;'iji',:. .;'.'..'.'.' $4b, 860, 880 and glOO per 10C(

.T^IMl

150,000 DISPOSABLE IN EVERY KIND

standards, fine 1 iSSvears, budded $160 ^ 1000

Half Standards, 1 ,S 2 " " .fine $135 "

Low Budded on Manetti, "':..' $75 "

'■ •• on Brier Roots, " $100 "

" ■'•■"' ■ " ■"; 'i;ea & Noisette Tars,.$iao "

OwD Kootb, 1 jeai^ 1. ..-:..:... $580 f! 10000

-i.i'ji-itjj 2- yeatsj transplanted $700 "

" " 1 year, Tea and Noisette 8 70^1000

" " 2 years, " " transplanted, $ 90 "

Orders must be sent directly to

Beiigales, assorted, 1 year $300 ^ IQOOO

" '• 2 years, transplanted $460 "

Bose stocks, Manetti, Extra .8 70

No. 1 $ 50

It

' ,f,', ! ', . ,■'. I '.' BHer Roots, 1 year, Extra $ 50 ' '"',',',

■""-'•" ^''"•■'" " •• No.l $30, '''!'■

" " " " transplanted, Extra, $ 65 '•' "

". " !" No.l.. 8 20 "

Catalogues printed in English will be sent on demand.

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), near Paris, France,.

to6

Money Deposit sent to my Bankers, Messrs. John Munroe & Co., Nassau Street, New York.

Established 1827

20

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

I

BY JAMES HOGG.

A complete guide to the cultivation of Vegetables, containing
thorough instructions for Sowing, Planting and Cultivating all kinds
of Vegetables ; with plain directions for preparing, manuring and
tilling the soil to suit each plant; including also a summary of the
work to be done in a vegetable garden during each month of the
Tear. 137 pages, i6mo, cloth. iTlustraled. Price 50 cents; sent
Dy mail, post-paid, on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 ChestnutSt., Phila.

TALKS ABOUT FLOWERS.

BY Mlt-S. M. D. WELLCOME.

"The author chats of flowers in a very entertaining and
Instructive manner. Many valuable hints are given to
amateurs respecting the sowing of seeds, rooting of cuttings,
window gardening, insects on plants, etc., etc."— Cwicora
Monitor.

pT> 162 ; octavo, cloth, 81.00 ; paper, gilt, 60 cts. mailed, post-
paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HAl-BOOK OFTlM

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet oomprehenBive Dictionary ofPlants.
Asa book of reference it will take the place for all practical
parpottes, of the expensive and Toluminous Kuropean
vrerks of this k^nd. Has been written with special view to
tbe^vautsof the climate of th^ United States, both in
matUtrs of propagation and culture. Instructions for cul-
ture of many Imporiant plants, such as the Rose, have been
givPD at length. Scope of work ombraces botanical name,
derivation, Linnsean and natural orders 01 all lea<ling
genera of ernamental or useful plants up to present
time. All imporiant species and varieties with brief In-
structions for propagation and culture A .valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or cooamon
nanaes. Arrant;- uieut ol book is alphabetical, and any
plani can he quickly referred to under scieutitic nr com-
mon Dame. Index is added where important plants or
modes of culture tun he referred to at once. A Iso compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical terms, with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fine
paper, handsomely lio uid in eloih Hen t by mail, postage paid,
CD receiptof price, S3. 00, Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Wr^

^mmMmwm

BY JAMES VEITCH,

.Ehnbradng: Part J.—Oetieral Review of the Order.

Part II. — Synopsis oj Genera, Species and Varieties.

Part III.— The Planting of Coniferce.

This work has received the high enconiumsof the English
and French Horticultural papers, and the GAKDENEKa*
WoNTULy,as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scien-
tific, and indjsjiensable to those having an intelligent interest
in Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete
witliout it.

With numerous wood-cut plates and letter press illustra-
tions. 340 pp., 8vo, neatly buund in cloth. Price, $3.00,
mailed, postage free. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent for U.S., 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to afford Information concerning the Planting
and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit : and giving
Suggestions upon tlie Creation and Care of W(»oalanda, with
the view of securing tlie Greatest Benefit for the Jjongest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and Conditions
of the United Slates.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, PH.D..

Chief of Forestry Uivi.sion, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

I..arge 12mo, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, 82.00. Will
be sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAKUT, 814 Chestnut St., Fhila.

BARRY'S-

Fruit Garden

NEW EDITION,

REVISED AND BROUGHT DOWN TO DATI BY

P. BARRY.

Illustrated, pp. 516, fine cloth. Price, $2.50, mailed, post-
age free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Cbestnnt Street, Fhlladelphlk.

BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE,

OR,

MANUAL OF THE APIARY.

By A. J. COOK,

Prof.of Entomology in the Michigan State AgricuIturalColIege

348 pp. large 12 mo.; 193 Illustrations.

Comprises a full delineation of the Anatomy and Physiology
of'the honey-bee, illustrated with costly wood engravings— the
Products of the Honey-Bee ; the Race"* of Bees ; full description
of honey-producing plants, trees, shrubs, etc., splendidly iUu-
traled— and last, though not least, detailed instructions for the
variousmanipulations necessary in the apiary.

This work is a masterly production, and one that no bee-
keeper, however limited his means, can afford (odo without. Ift
is fully up wirh the times on every conceivable subject that in-
terests the apiarist. It is not only instructive, but inteNsely in-
teresting and thoroughly practical. Within 20d ays after this
work was issued from the press, 600 copies were disponed of — a
sale unprecedeuted in Bee Literature Price, paper %i; cloth.
81.25 Mailed post-paid, on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Pbila

Wheat Culture;

How to Double the Yield and Increase the Profits.

ByD. S. CUKTISS.
72 pages, illustrated. Price 60 cents, mailed, post-paid, on re»
Ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnnt St., Phila.

Subtropical Garden;

Or, Beauty of Form in the Flower Garden.

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.
Beautifully illustrated. 241 pages, izmo, cloth. Price, $3.75

Phila.

Mailed , postage free, on receipt of Price
Address. CHAS. H. MAROT 814 Chestnut St

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

Giving Description, History, Cultivation, Propagation, Dl^
eases, t&c.

Beautifully Illustrated.

276 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by mail, post-paid
on receipt of price. Addro.-^s,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

PRACTICAL AZALEA CULTURL

A TREATISE on the PROPAGATION and CULTURE

OP THE

AZALEA INDICA,

BY ROBERT J. HALLIDAY.
Illustrated, 110 pages, 12mo cloth, price, ;$2.00. Mailed, pos«
paid ou receipt of price. Addrass,

VUAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

THE HORTICULTURAL AnVF.RTISER.

21

I

A Complete System of Book-Keeping for
Farmers, Planters, and Gardeners.

BY A. L. CAMPFIBLD.

Everyone should keep a strictaccouniof all business transactions,
and thereby save much trouble that comes of neglect. This is a
plain, practical system of book-keeping, easily understood, and
especially adapted to the wanlsof the Farmer. Full instructions in
each book. Can be carried in an ordinary pocket; i8o pages,
bound in sheep-skin. Pricey"; cents. Mailed postage free on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

A NEW book!

HORSES

THEIR FEED

THEIR FEET.

A manual of Horse Hygiene, invaluable for
the veteran or the novice, pointing out the
causes of "malaria," "glanders," "pink eye,"
"distemper," etc., and how to prevent and
lounteract them, by C. E. Page, M.D., with a
treatise and notes on shoeing by Sir George
Cox and Col. M. C. Weld. 150 pages i2mo,
paper, 50 cents, extra cloth, 75 cents.
Mailed on receipt of price Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

DRAINAGE FOR HEALTH,

OR

Easy Lessons in Sanitary Science.

By JOSEPH WILSON. M.D.. Medical Director U. S. N.
pages, octavo. Copiously illustratsd. Price fi.oo, mailed|
on receipt of price. Address,
rHAS H MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Pbila.

KEEPING ONE COW.

Being the experience of a number of practical writers, in a cicaj
SLod condensed form, upon the

Management of a Single Milch Cow.
lUtistrated, 132 pages, cloth. Price, $1.00, mailed, post-paid, on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Phfla.

Siiiiplities tlie art of Reckoning, ami is worth its weight in
gold to every Farmer, Mechanic and Business man, especially
those notthoroughly versed in figures. Shows at A glance,
the CORRECT answer to nearly l()n,niM.t luisiiu'ss examples in
all kinds of orain, Stock, Ha'y, Coul. ('((lion, Merchandise,
INTEREST, Wages, Measnrenu'ntsnj Lumber, Logs, Cisterns,
Tanks, Granaries. Wagon Beds, Corn ("ribs, Cord wood, Hay,
Lands, Carpenters', Plasterers', I^ricklayers' work, etc. It
also TEACHES entirely NEW, easy and practical. RULES
for rapid business calculations, which even a child can com-
prehend. It is neatly printed and bound, and is a ready
and LIGHTNING Calculator, Memorandum perpetual Cal-
endar and Pocket-book combined, all for the price of a com-
mon diary in similar binding. 72 pages and 60 pages addition-
al of blank memorandum.

No. 1, Eng. Cloth, plain, \vith memorandnm. 8 .50

No. 2, " with slate, pocket, flap and mem. .75

No. 3, Full Leather, " ** " 1.00

No. 4, " Morocco, " ** " 1-2&

No. 5, " Russia, *' '* '* 1.60

No. 6, " RussiaCalf," " ** 2.00

Nos 3, 4, 5 and 6 have renewable diaries. Nos. 5 and 6
are gilded. Sent post paid, on receipt of price. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

lip

A Treatise on Beautifying Homes, Rural Districts, Towns
and Cemeteries. By Elias A. Long. 381 pages, 12 mo, cloth.
Illustrated. Sent by mail prepaid for 82.00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

The Goldfisti aod its Culture,

BY HUGO MU1.ERTT.

It is intended in this book to furnish reliable information
for the propagation of the fish in this country and itg

g roper management in captivity ; propagation and care in
sh ponds, aquariums, &c.; enemies and diseases, and how
to combat and prevent them. 12mo, cloth, pp..l08, illus-
trated. Price, 81.00, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Meffick's Strawberry Culturist

(OUT OF PRINT.)

A few more copies left at 50 cents. Mailed, post paid (M
receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMATEUR'S ROSE BOOK.

By Shirley Hibberd.

Comprising the cultivation of the Eose in the open ground
and underglass; the formation of the Ronarium ; the charac-
ters ol Wild and Garden Roses; the preparation of the flowers
for exhibition ; the raising of new varieties; and the work of
the Rose Garden in every season ot the year. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages cloth, 12ma.
Price $3.00. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,814 ChestnutSt., Phila.

FOR THE NATURALIST AND ANGLER.

DR. JAMES A. HENSHALL'S

BOOK OF THE BLACK BASS.

Compri.=;ing its complete Scientitic and Life HistorieSj to-
gether with a Practical Treatise on .\ngling and Fly-flslung,
and a full account of Tools, Tackle and Implements.

Large I2ino. 460 pages. Fully Illustrated. Price, $3.00.
Sent by maU, prepaid, on receipt of the price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa,

22

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

SECOND-HAND BOOKS

BY MAIL ON RECEIPT OF PRICE.

SPEAK QUICKLY IF YOU WANT THEM.

Say in your order, *'Second-Han(l List.**

■A-iien's Domestic Animals 8 75

" Rural Architecture 1 00

Beet Root Sugar, Grant 1 00

Bicknell's Village Builder & Supplement. Fol. (plates) 6 50

Brackett's Farm Talk 50

Breck'8 New Book of Flowers 1 45

Bridgeman's American Kitchen Gardener 50

Butler's Family Aquarium 50

Chronicles of a Garden ; its Pets and Pleasures 2 00

Coultas' Principles i)f Botany 50

Darwin's Cross and Self-Fertilization in Vegetable

Kingdom 3 00

DeCandoUe's Vegetable Organography, 3H full p. plates 5 00

Downing's Hurar Essays 3 86

Emmon's Agriculture of N. Y., 3 vols. 4to^ plates, &c. 15 00

Ferns of Kentucky, Williamson 1 50

Floral Decorations for Dwelling Houses, Illustrated. . 1 25

Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Gardener's Companion. . 1 00

Fulton on Peach Culture 1 25

Gardener's and Farmer's Reason Why 75

Guide to the Orchard, Floy 1 00

Half -hours in the Green Lanes. Taylor, Illustrated .... 1 75

Harris on Injurious Insects, colored plates 5 50

Hayne's American Farrier 25

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 1 00

Hey's Mrs., Sylvan Musings, 23 col. plates, full calf.... 5 00
Hoffev'8 N. A. Pomologist (Dr. Brinkle) 36 col. plates,

Quarto 3 00

Hole's Book about Roses, Eng., Blustrated 3 00

Hooper's Western Fruit Book 1 00

'^ " 50

Klippart's Land Drainage 1 25

Lee^s Mrs., Trees, Plants & Fl'rs, col. plates, full calf. 6 00

Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants A Flowers, col. plates, cloth. 4 50

Lyman's Cotton Culture 1 10

^IacDonald's Food from the Far West 2 00

Merrick's Strawberry Culturist to

Mcintosh's Orchard, with colored plates 3 00

Minot's Land and Game Birds of NewEngland, Dl'd.. 2 60

New American Gardener 75

Parlor Gardener ; Home Culture of Ornamental Plants 1 00

Paxton's Hort. Register, 2 vols, in one (1831-1833) 1 CO'

Philadelphia Business Directory, 1884, Boyd 7.S

Prince on the Vine 75

Prince's Pomological Manual 75

Randall's Sheep Husbandry 1 25

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden, cloth 2 25

" K tky, gilt edges 2 50

Riddell's Architect, folio, HJ/gXl'^^ (col. plates) 10 00

Stewart's Stable Book i 25

Studies, by J. A. Dorgan 75

Talpa, or Chronicles of a Clay Farm 75

Taylor's Bee Keeper's Manual, Illustrated 1 50

The Plant, a Biography, 5 col. plates and 13 wood eng's 2 50

Thompson's, The Food of Animals 75

Thomas' Fruit Culturist ] 75

Todd's How to Make Farming Pay 2 00

Turner's Cotton Planter's Manual 1 10

Vegetable (111. Library of Wonders) Dr. Scheie de

vere. 61 Illustrations 2 00

Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler 1 50

Waring's Elements of Agriculture 75

Williams' Window Gardening 1 25

Woodruff's Trotting Horses of America 2 00

Wood's Insects at Home (over 700 Illustrations, 670 p.) 4 W

Young Angler Illustrated 75

Address, CHAS. H, MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

Book for Beginners with the Microscope, Phin, boards, fully Illustrated 8 .30

Cements and Glue, Phin, stiff covers 35

Chemical History of the Six Days of Creation, Phin, 12mo, cloth ,75

Common Objects for the Microscope, Wood, 400 Illustrations, 12 colored plates ,50

Diatoms, A. Mead Edwards. 12mo, cloth 75

Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements, Brown, Eleventh Edition l.OO

How to Become a Good Mechanic, by an Oid Apprentice .15

How to Use the Microscope, Phin, S6 Engravings, tinted paper, 12mo l.OO

Lectures in a Workshop. Pemberton, 12mo, cloth 1.00

Microscope and Its Revelations, Carpenter, pp. 8S2, cloth, 26 plates, 500 Engravings 5.50

Microscopical Examination of Drinking Water, McDonald, 8vo, cloth, 24 plates 2.75

One Thousand Objects for the Microscope, Cooke, 12 plates, 500 figures, 12mo, boards 60

Ponds and Ditches, M. C. Cooke, 12mo, cloth ,75

Section Cutting: To Prepare and Mount Sections for Microscope, Marsh, 12mo, cloth 75

Shooting on the Wing, by an GUI Gamekeeper, 12mo, cloth 75

Steel Square and Its Uses, Hodgson, cloth 75

Mailed, post free, on receipt of price. CHAS. H. WIAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

The Orchids of New England.

A Popular Monograph, By Henry Baldwin.

Octavo, 157 pages, 62 Illustrations, fine English cloth. Price
$2.50; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

CRANBERRY CULTURE.

BY JOSKPH J. WHITE

Embodying in plain and concise manner all the useful and
practical facts which study and experience have yielded to
the inquiring Cranlx-rrv grower of the present time. 126
pages, 12 uio, cloth. fllti-tr.Lti'd. Price, post-pairl ?1.25.
Address, CHAS. H. MAIUJT, 8H Chestnut St., Phila.

THE BLESSED BEES.

BY JOHN ALLKN.

A record of a year's work in Hee-keeping by modern methods-
Its protils cpftain and large, and Its nleasuros invaluaMe. In-
tendetj to .litTuse a more general knowledg*^ o/ Bee-eultiire.
169 pages, 12 mo. cloth, limp. Price. SI. Mailed postage free,
OD receiptor price. Address, rHAS. IT. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia.

WORKING MAN'S WAY TO WEALTH.

By Edmund Wrigley.

A pr-ictic.nl treatise on BuHdittff Ass-ocmiwns, what thfyare,and
h<nvto use them. io8 pages, i6mo, cloth. Price, 7s cents. Seat
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

8x4 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

23

HOW TO PAINT.

By a Practical Painter ; for the use of Tradesmen,
Mechanics, Merchants. Farmers, and as a Guiile to Pro-
fessional Painters. Methods in Plain and Fancy Painting
of every description : Formulas for Mixing Paint in Oil or
Water, Tools, etc. This Book m.akes "every man his own
painter.^'

Full Directions for Using White Lead, Lamp-Black,
Green, Yellow, Brown, Whiting, Glue, Pumice Stone,
Si>irits of Turpentine, Oils, Varnishes, Furniture Vamisli,
Milk Paint, Preparing Kalsomine. etc. Paint for Outbuild-
ings—Whitewash. Pivste for Paper-Hangiug, Hanging Paper,
Graining in Oak. Maple, Rosewood, Black Walnut, Staining,
Decalcomania, flaking Rustic Pictures, Painting Flower-
Stands, Rosewood Polish, Varnishing Furniture, Waxing
Furniture, Cleaning P.aint, Paint for Fanning Tools,
Machinery, Household Fixtures, etc. To Paint F.arm
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CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa., Pa.

HOW TO READ

AND HINTS IN CHOOSING THE BEST BOOKS.

With a classified list of work of Biogr>iphy, History, Criticism
Fine Arts, Fiction, Poetry, Religion, Science, Language, etc. By
Amelie V Petit. Pp. 220. i2mo, cloth. Price, ;|i.oo. By mail,
post-paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO DESTROY INSECTS

Plants and Flowers in the Garden and the Housb; giving
directions short, sharp and decisive how to overcome every insect
enemy that infects flowers and plants, out-doors and in-doors.
which troubles window Gardens ; which eats up the vegetables of
the garden : which devours the fruit trees, shrubs and vines, and
lives in the homes of anxious, tired housekeepers. Paper, 100 pages.
Price, 30 cents, postage free.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Strcet.Philadelphia.

HOW PLANTS GROW.

By Asa Gray, M. D.

A simple Introduction to Structural Botany with a Popular
Flora, or an arraneemeut and description of Common Plants,
both wild and cultivated. Illustrated with 500 wood engravings.
2;^:5 pages, large 16mo, half-arabesque, paper sides. Price %\ 25
.Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St . Pbiln

HOW TO RAISE FRUIT

By THOMAS GREGG.

A Hand-book of Fruit Culture, being a Guide to the proper Cul-
tivation and Management of Fruit Trees, and of Grapes and small
Fruits. 184 pages, izmo, cloth, fully illustrated. Price, $i.oo. Sen!
by mail post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO HUNT AND TRAP.

By J. B. Batty, Hunter and Taxidermist.

Containing full instructions for hunting the Buffalo, Elk, Moose.
Deei, Antelope, Bear, Fox, virouse. Quail, Geese. Ducks, Woo>t,
cock. Snipe, etc., etc. Also, the localities where game abounds.
In trapping, tells you all about steel traps; how to make homt-
madc traps, and how to trap the Bear, Wolf, Wolverine, Fox, Lynx-
Badger, Otter, Beaver, Fisher, Martin. Mink, etc., Birds of Prey
poisoning carnivorous animals, with full directions for preparing
pelts for market, etc. Fully illustrated. 223 pages. i2mo cloth.
Price ^1.50. Sent post-paid on receipt uf price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

CACTACEOUS PLANTS

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formeriy of the Royal Gardens, Kew.
12 mo, cloth. 93 pages with numerous illustrations. Price,
50 cents ; by mail, prepaid.

CHAS. II. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO PROPAGATE

GROW^FRUIT

BY CHAS. A. r.RKKN.

64 p.iees. Octavo. Illustrated with 2 colored plates and
over fifty engravings. Price, paoer. 50 cts., prepaid by mail.
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO MANAGE BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS.

By Edmi^nd Wriglbt,
Being a Director's Guide and Secretary's Assistant, with form*
for Keeping Books and Accounts, also rules, examples and explana-
tions illustrating the various plans of working, zn pages, i;ma^
cloth. Price, ^2.oo. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

HOW THE FARM PAYS.

The Experiences of W years of Successful Farming ana
Gardening^ try the authors

WM. CROZIER and PETER HENDERSON.

Profusely Illustrated with Wood Cuts, Octavo, 400 pages.
Price prepaid, by mail $2.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HOW TO LAY OUT A GARDEN.

By Edward. Kexup.

A general guide in Choosing, FormiDg and Improving an Es-
tate (from a quarter-acre to a hundred acres iu extent ). with
reference to both design and execution. Illustrated with nu-
merous plans, sections and sketches. 403 pages, 12mo, cloth.
Prico $2.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of priee.
Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

8U Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES,

BT B.J.KENDALL, M. D.

With the real essential information relative to each disease. Will
save many times its cost. Gives cause, symptoms and best treat-
ment of diseases. Table with the doses, effects and antidotes of
principal medicines used, and a few pages on action and uses of
medicines. Rules for telling age of Horse and fine engr.aving show-
ing appearance of the teeth each year. A large collection of valu-
able recipes. Printed on fine paper 7),^x5 inches; nearly 100 pages,
35 engravings. Price, 25 cents. Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt
of price. Address, _, ,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 ChestnutStreet.PhiU.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Prop.agation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Njimes
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, hnth
Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable E.KOtic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
291) pages, tine cloth. Price f 1.5() : mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., I'ldla.

24

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

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A Horticultural Monthly Magazine for Amateurs.

The American Garden

An illustrated monthly magazine ; 32 quarto pages with handsome cover ; beautifully printed on fine paper. Estab-
lished 1872. Edited by Dr. F. M. Hexamer, a practical horticulturist and leading authority, assisted by the best talent in
America. Adapted to all Sections— North. South, Kast and West.

A JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION, GIVING FULL DIRECTIONS,

HOW— to Select Land,— to Clioose What to Grow,— to Cultivate all Fruit, Flower ami Garden Crops ;

HO W— to Start a Greenhouse,— to Begin with Fruits,— to Begin with Flowers ;

HOW — to Plant a Lawn, — to I-<ay Out Grounds,— to Make the Homestead Beautiful ;

HOW— to Run a Market Garden,— to Market the Products,— to Work a Kitchen Garden ;

HO W— to Manage House Plants,— the Window Garden, — the Private Conservatory ;

HOW— to Do Everything in Orchard, Vineyard, Garden, Conservatory, Lawn, Market Garden, etc.

WHAT to Do Each Month in P'ruit, Flower and Vegetable Culture, In-doors and Out-doors ;

HOW to tind LARGE PROFIT, and FULL HEALTH and GENTLE PLEASURE in gardening.

OF GREAT VALUE to Beginners, and to practicing Fruit Growers, Gardeners, Florists, Market Gardeners.
Women Gardeners, Boy Gardeners, Amateurs, Gentlemen Farmers, All Nature Lovers, and All Soil Workers: IN
•orchard, garden, vineyard, plantation, market garden, kitchen garden farm garden, flower garden, lawn, greenhouac,
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Tbe American Garden in Clnb, with the Gardeners' Monthly, before Jan. 1st, S2.60; after Jan. 1st, S3.00«

MAHALEB CHERRY SEED

As every one knows, Mahaleb Cherry Seed dried in the pulp from Europe,
seldom grows to any satisfaction in America.

We make a specialty of offering fresh, clean seed, that have been preserved
from drying, and, being free of pulp, with many more seeds to the bushel. As
many as 100,000 plants have been raised from one bushel of our clean seed ; and
it is found very cheap at $25.00 per bushel.

Cermantown Nurseries, Phila.

MUSHROOMS

J^r the MILLION, a Practical Ireatise on the cultivation
of the MOSI PROFITABLE out-door crop known.

BY JOHN WRIGHT.

Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. 1(M pages. Price, 50 cents, by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPROVEMENT,

BY WM. ROBINSON.

With numerous illusiratiorii,, 17*2 pages, cioth. Price, 76 cents
Mailed , post paid, on receipt of price.

COAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnat 8t., Phlla.

YOUR PLANTS

BY JAMES SHEEHAN.

PLAIN and PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS for the TREAT-
MENT of TENDER and HARDY PLANT.S in the

house: t^nd ga.x%]3e:n.

12mo, paper, 79 pages. Price, mailed, postpairl, 40 cents.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

811 Chestnut Street, Phila,

THE WILD GARDEN;

Or, Our Groves and Shrubberies made Beautiful by th»
Naturalization of Hardy Exotic Plants.

By W. ROBINSON, F. L. S.

With Frontispiece. 236 pages, umo, cloth. Price, f 4.0a.
Mailed postage free, on receiptor price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 8i4Che5tnutSt.,PhUa

26

THE HORTICULTURAL AOVERTISER.

The Forester.

BY JAMES BROWN, I.I,.D.,

Inspector and Reporter Woods and Forests, Ontario. A
Practical Treatise on the Planting, Rearing and General
Management of Forest Trees. 5th Edition, Enlarged and
Improved. Profusely Illustrated. Roy.al 8vo, K Roan, pp.
898. Price, SIO.OO, by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

Paris & Garflens ol Paris

considered in relation to the wants of OTHER CITIES, and cf
PUBLIC and PRIVATE GROUNDS.

By WM. ROBINSON.

Splendidly and profusely illustrated, pp. 548. Octavo. Prict
S7.60. Mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. ^'AROT.

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Fruit Growers' Hand- Book,

By F. R. Elliott author of " Western Fruit Growers' Guide"
(one of the best posted men on the subject in the United States).
Contains the practice on all subjects connected with fruit growing.
The book is made for those who grow fruit for their own use Also
an Appendix, containing matter relating to the selection and culture
of Ornamental Trees, Roses, Plants, &c. lUusuated with 45 wood-
cuts, 130 pages, i6mo, cloth, ^i ; paper, 60 cts. Sent by mail
postpaid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Including a History of the Beet Root Sugar Industry of
Europe. Varieties of the Sugar Beet, Examination,
Soils, Tillage, Seeds and Sowing, Yield and Cost of
Cultivation, Harvesting, Transportation, Con-
servation, Feeding Qualities of the Beet
and of the Pulp, Etc., Etc , Etc.
BY LEWIS S. WARE, C.E., M.E.,

Fellow of L'Ecole des Arts, Agriculture et Manufactures,
Paris; member of American Chemical Society. In one
volume, octavo ; illustrated by 90 engravings. Price, S4.00
by mail, postage free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BEET ROOT SUGAR

AND CCI.TIVAT10N OF THE BEET.

BY H. B. GRANT.

Including the Sugar supply of the U. S., History of Beet Root
Sugar, Supply of Beets, Cultivation, Cost of Beet Root Sugar in
France, Production in various Countries, Advantages, Method of
Raising, Harvesting, Preservation of Beets, Seed, Manures, Ro-
tation of Crops, Beet Pulp, Leaves of Beets, Profits, etc. 16 mo.,
cloth, pp., 158. Price, J1.25. Sent by mail post-paid on receiptof
price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa

ALPINE FLOWERS for ENGLISH GARDENS

By W. Robinson, F. L. S.

An explanation of the principles on which the Exailisite Flora ol

Alpine countri«s may be grown to perfection in all Partfi of the

British Islands, with numerous Illustrations, of Rock Gardens,

Natural and Artificial. 70 Illustrations, 440 paces, crown 8vo, cloth.

Price, $4.50. Mailed, postage free on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. S14 Chestnut St.. PH.

Farm Implements and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE.

with explanations of the laws ot motion and orce as a^[>lied on the
farm, with over 300 illustrations by John J. Thcimas; new and
revised edition, 312 pages, 12 mo, cloth, price J 1.50; mailed postage
free on receipt of price Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT. S14 Chestnut Street. Phila,

PRACTICAL LESSONS IX

Architectural Drawing ;

Or, HOW TO MAKE THE WORKING DRAWINGS AND WRITE

SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDINGS.

BY WIT,T.TA.M B, TUTHILL, A.M., Architect.

Illustrated by 33 full page plates (one in oolors) and 33
wood cuts, showing Methods of Construction and Representa-
Hon. Scale Drawings, Sections and Details of Frame, Brick and
Stone Buildings, with full descriptions and specifications, show-
ing the various forius of writing the saiue for ditlerent
kinds of buildings. Oblong quarto cloth. Price, $2.50, by
mail, post free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St. Phila.

AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

By Gborge HusMANN, Professor of Horticulture in University ol
Missouri,with contributions from well-known Grape Growers, giving

A WLDE RANGE OF KXPERIENCE.

Illustrated. r2mo, 243 pp., cloth; price, $1.50. Mailed post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAKOT

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY.

By Robert Buist.
With practical directions for the Culture of Plants in Flower-
Garden, Hot-House, Green-Uouse, Rooms, or Parlor Windows,
for every month of the year. Instructions for erecting Hot-
house, GreeL house, and laying out a Flower garden. Instruc-
tion for cultivating, propagating, pruning and training the
Griipe vine and description of best sorts for the open air. 34
pagt's, r2mo, cloth. PriceSl 60. Sent by mail post paid on receipt
of price. CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St. Phila.

CLASS BOOK OF BOTANY.

By Alphonso Wood, A. M.
Being outlines of the Structure, Physiology and Classification of
Plants ; with a Flora of the United States and Canada. 832 pages,
8vo, half arabesque cloth sides. Price, ^3.50. Sent by mail post-
paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

GRAPE CULTURIST.

By Andrew S. Fuller.

A treatise on the Cultivation of the Native Grape. Illustrated.
286 pages 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by mail post-paid on
receipt of price.

Addresa CHAS. H. MAKOT,

814 Chestnut St., PUila.

PLANT LIFE ON THE FftRM

Bv Maxwell T. Masters, M.D.. F.R.S. PUant nutrition;
The" Work and the Materials; The Machinery; (Jrowlli,
Sensitiveness ; Development ; Multiplication ; The Battle of
Life ; Practical Inferences ; Decay and Death. 12 mo, cloth,
132 pages. Mailed, post-paid, $1.00.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

INSECT LIVES ; or, Born in Prison,

HY .U:i,IA 1>. B.VI.I.AUD.

A practical book for the I'hildrcn, tcuilin^ to interest
them in Natural History through tliis attractive lirandi of
it. This hook answers in a natural manner the queries :
How shall wc interest children ? How shall wo yyiost inter-
est Iheiu ■.' How shall wc best interest tlicni. 117 pp., square
12mo, cloth, profusely and handsomely illustrated. Price,
SI. 00, by mail. post-]iaid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

27

Sflie Fine Eiglisl Bools.

Bentham's British Flora, 2 vols., Svo, Illustrated J16.50

British Sea Weeds, Mosses, Ferns and Entomology,

square, 16mo, gilt, S9 plates, 4 vols 12.00

Cultivated Plants, their Propagation and Improve-
ment, Burbiilge 6.25

EJnglish Flower Garden, Robinson, illustrated 6.00

Ferns of Great Britain and their Allies. 41 col. plates, 6.25
Flowering Plants, Grasses and Ferns of Great Britain,

Pratt. 6vols., 319 colored plates 32..')0

Flowers and Gardens. Notes on Plant Beautj' 1.50

Flowers ; their Origin, Shapes, Perfumes and Colors.. 2.50

Gilpins' Forest Scenery 3.00

Greenhouse Favorites, splendid colored Illustrations.. 12.50

Half-Hours in the Green Lanes 2.00

Half-Hours \vith some F^nglish Anticmities 2.00

Handy Book of the Flower (iarden, Thomson 3. 75

Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Flowers, Sutherland.. 2.75

Lindley's Vegetable Kinedom 12.00

Low's Ferns of Great Britain. 8 vols., >i tky 80.00

Rambles in Search of Wild Flowers 3.75

Sylvan Spring, colored plates. Heath 5.00

Vegetable World, Figuier, -170 Illustrations, in calf 6.00

Walton 4 Cotton's Complete Angler, octavo, 60 plates 4.00
Wild Flowers of the Holy Land (quarto), col. plates. 8..50

Window Gardener. MoUison, illustrated 2.00

Wooster's Alpine Plants. 2 vols 17.B0

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Fhlla.

Together with Complete Plans and Specifications. Over
100 Engravings of Designs and Plans of Cottages and
Country Houses, costing trom F200 to $.5,000. By S. B. Reed,
Architect, Author of •' House Plans for Everybody." Cloth.
12 mo, mailetK post-paid, for 81.2-5. Address,
CH.\S. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila,

INJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

By MARY TREAT.

Fully riustrated. 288 pages. 12mo, cloth.
Price, S2.0O by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phlla.

The Floral Kingdom

Its History. A Dictionary of more than 300 Flowers, with
the Genera and Family to which they belong and the
Language of each. Illustrated by appropriate Gems of
Poetry and a particular Treatise on tlie Cultivation and
Analysis of Plants. 450 pages, on heavy tinted highly cal-
endered paper, and red line border with ornamental cor-
ners, splendidly bound beveled boards, full gilt. A beauti-
ful present. Price, S6..50 by mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGSD IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular 6ower.

Division 2. — Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated iD
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
type. Price, S7 00, mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philad'a

WATERMAN'S "IDEAL" FOUNTAIN PEN.

FLOW of ink regulated automatically by act of writing, !
free as from a freshly dipped pen and much more even.
SIMPLEST, cleanest, readiest and most easily man-
aged of all the fountain pens. I
NO air-valves or other machinery, and consequently
nothing to get out of order or to be adiusted. I
WHEN the cap is removed it is ready to write, and
when the writing is done the cap can he replaced.
WRITES according to the t^ize of the holder, from 10
to 25 hours continuously, with one filling, and any rte- i
sired kind, color or quality of ink can be used. 1

US ES {jold or steel pens of the ordinary forms, and your
favorite pen can be fitted.
PENS in the holders are always wet with ink, and as
steel pens are continually rusting or corroding, it is
better to use a gold pen which never rusts nor corrodes ink.

PENS can be filled and left for months without being
used, and when opened the ink will flow as readily as
if just filled.

WE have holders for gold pens of numbers 3 to8 inclu-
sive, and for the common steel pen : also, an assort-
ment fitted with gold pens ready for use.

PRICES OF H01.DERS WITH GOI.D PENS.

No. 1—" Ladles' " size, is the smallest ; 4^4 inches long, 5-16 1 No. 4
inch in diameter ; takes a No. 3 or 4 gold pen. Price, S^^.oO.

No. 2— "Gentleman's" size, 5 inches long and % inch in
diameter ; takes a No. 4 or 5 gold pen : is the most popular
and convenient pocket size. Price, according to pen, S3.50
orS4.ftO.

No. 3—'* Medium" size, 4^ inches long and 7-16 inch in di-
ameter ; takes a No. 6 or 7 gold pen. Price, So. 00.

' Long " size, 6^ Inches long and 7-16 inch in diam
eter ; takes a No. 6 or 7 gold pen. Price. S5.50.

No. 5—" Large " size, 43^ inches long and }4 inch in diam-
eter ; takes a No. 7 or 8 gold pen. Price, ffo.OO,

No. 6 — "Mammoth" size, 6>4 inches long and K inch in di-
ameter ; takes a No. 7 or 8 gold pen. Price. S7!.5n.

Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are long tapering " Desk " holders of
same sizes and prices as Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5 respectively.

PRICES OF HOLDERS WITHOUT PENS.

Nos. 1 and 7.
Nos. 2 and S.

S2:

I Nos. 3 and 0 2 75 I

I Nos. 4 and 10 3 (JO

N0.5 3 25

N0.6 3 50

LENGTH given is with the pen ready for the pocket ; with the cap on top of holder it is from 1 to 2 inches longer.

PRICES given are for well-finished 14 carat gold pens of the smallest size suited to the holder ; 16 carat gold pens,
or pens of the larger sizes, cost from .50 cents to i^l.OO more. The 16 carat pens are of extra finish as well as quality and
are well worth the difference in price. GOLD-MOUNTED holders cost from 50 cents to SI. 00 more, according to style.

Silk and Plush lined morocco-covered cases for Nos. 1 and 2 are furnished for oil cents extra.

In ordering holders it is better to send a sample steel pen or the gold pen to be fitted.

In ordering holders with gold pens complete and ready for use, send sample of writing and description of the quality nf
pen desired : i. e.. whether the pen shouhl be a long or'short nib, of coarse or fine point and of hard or soft flexiliility.

A certificate may be had with each pen, which warrants the gold pens and holders for five (5) years, and guarantees
both combined as a fountain pen, to give satisfaction on thirty days' trial or the money will be returned.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

38

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER,

RURAL A}4D PRACTICAL BOOKS, (and any others in the market not on thia list,) will be sent by
mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

FLOWERS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. &c.

A Simple Flower Garden, Barnard

Alpine Flowers, Robinson

An^ateur's Flower Garden, Hibberd

Amateur's Greenhonse, Hibberd

Amateur's Kose Book, Hibberd

American Rose Culturist, paper

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates, Heath

Book about Roses, S R. Hole. Amer. 90c.; Kng.. ill'd

Brambles and Bay Leaves, Hibberd

Breck's New Book of Flowers

British Sea Weeds, Gray

British Funffi, Cooke, colored plates

Buist's, Rob^t Am. Flower Oarden Directory

Cactaceous Plants, Louis Castle

Cassell's Popular Gardening, 2 vols., Iil'd

Chapman's Flora of Southern United States

Chrvstintheinnm, The, Hurbidge

ChrysanUn-nium, The, Fish

Cook s Hritish Fungi, colored plates

Cottage Gardening, Hobday

Country Walks, by a Naturalist, Illustrated

Ell wanger on the Rose

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener

Essay on Roses, Mrs. Wellcome

Fern Garden, Hibberd, colored plates

Fern Paradise, ill d plain. t3; col. plates, 1.76; photos

Ferns, British and Foreign (Smith)

Ferns in their Homes and Ours

Ferns of. N. .America. 2 vols., ijuarto

Field Flowers, Hibberd

Fish. D. T , on Bulbs

Gardeners' Monthly (any yr.i Nos., $2; bound vols.

Halllday's Azalea Cultuie

Halliday's Camellia Culture

Hardy Flowers, Robinson

Heinrich'8 Window Flower Gai'den

Henderson's Gardening for Pleasure

Henderson's Practical Floriculture

.Johnson's Winter Greeneries at Home

Orchids of New England. Baldwin

Orchids, a Review by Lewis Castle

Ornamental Gardening for Americans, Long

Paul's Hook of Roses

Paul's Rose Garden, colored plate edition

Paul's Roses in Pots

Parsons, Saml. B., on the Rose

Rand's Bulbs

Ranfl's F'lowers for Parlor and Garden

Rand's Garden Flowers

Rand's Orchid Culture

Rand's Popular F'lowers & How to Cultivate Them

Rand's Rhododendrons

Rand's Window Gardener

Robinson's English Flower Garden

School Garden, Schwab

Select Extra Tropical Plants. Von Mueller

Sh. Hibberd's Now. Bare & Beautiful Lv'd Plants

Snb Tropical Garden , Robinson ,

Talks about Flowers, Mrs. Wellcome, paper, tiOc.; cl.

Thomson's Wayside Weeds

Vick's Flower and Vi^getablc Garden, paper 50c. el.

Wayside Flowers, Meeban, 31 colored plates,

"White's Gardening for the South

Wild Flowers, 2 vols., Colored plates

Wild Flowers Worth Notice

Wild Garden, Robinson

Williams,B.S., Stove JtGreenh'se Plants, 2 vols, ill'd

Williams. B. S., on .Select Ferns and Lycopods

Window Gardening, Williams

Your Plants, paper :

FRUITS-THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE.

Amer. Grape Growing it Wine Making, Hussman..

Apple Culturist. Todd

Barry's Fruit Garden

Basset t's Cranberry Culture

Chorlton's (irape Growers' Guide

Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America

Du Breuil's Fruit Culture

Du Breull s Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden)

Elliott s Fruit. Growers Hand Pook.pap'r, HOc. ; cl.

F'itz s Southern Apple and Peach Culturist,

Flagg s Euroi)ean Vineyards.

Fruit Culture Under Glass, Thomson

Fruit (ii-owers' l''riend, Haines

Kulb-r's Grajii! Culturist

Fuller s Snnill Fruit Culture

Fnller's Strawberry Culturist

Fulton on Peach Culture

Harazathy s Grape Culture and Wine Making

How to l*ropagate and Grow F'rult, Green

How to liaise Fruit, Gregg

Mo lit- on the Grape Vine

38

4 50
3 00
3(fl
3 00

30

5 75
3 75

2 60
175

3 25
2 50
150

60

4 00

4 00
150

23

2 50
50

175
1 25
100
15
1.50
500

3 75
150

30 00

1 50

2 00
2 75
2 00
2 0(1
1 .50

75
160
1,50
100
2.50

50
200

.50
7 00
100

1 50

2 50
2 50
2.50
3.50

2 00
150
1 00
600

60
200
12 60

3 75

1 00

2 50

1 '26
500
200
500

2 00
400

5 00
2 50
1.50

40

1 60
1 50
2.5(1

30

75
5 00
1 75
201
100
1.50
150
3 76

30
1 .50
1 .50

•20
I 50
5 00

60
100
1 00

My Vineyard at Lakevie w 1 25

Orange Culture, Moore 100

Pardee on Strawberry Culture 75

Peach Culture & Diseases, Rutter, paper, COc. ; cl.. 100

Quinn's Pear Culture for Protit 100

Rectnelln's Wine-makers* Manual. 125

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden 100

Stnall Fruit Insti-uctor, Purdy 25

Strong's Fruit Culture 100

Thomas', J. J.. Fruit Culturist, now edition 2 00

'Thomery System of Grape Culture, cloth 50

Whites Cranberry CuUure 125

Architeclure. Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, L. F" , Rnt-al Architecture . 150

Architects'& Builders' P k tComp n, cl., 1.50; tuck 2 00

Atwood 3 Country and Suburban Houses 150

Aveling' Carpentry and .Joinery 125

Hat-n Plans and Out-buildings 150

IJjiilding Construction, Davidson 100

Burns' .Architectural Drawitig Book 100

Butler's Ventilation of Buildings 60

Carpenter s and Joiner s Hand Book (Holly) 75

Cooper's Rural Hours ItO

Cottage Houses. Reed | 125

Downing s Cottage Residences 3 00

Harnej- s Barns, Out -buildings and Fences 400

Homes for Home Builders, King 150

House Plans for Everybody (Reed) 150

Jacques' Manual of the House 150

Palliser's Model Homes 160

Practical Lessons in Architectural Draw*g,Tuthin 200

Pluminer's Carpenter's and Builders' Guide 150

Waring s Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheeler's Homes lor the People 2 50

Wheeler's Rural Homes 100

Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 100

Woodward's Country Homes 100

Woodward s Graperies and Hort. Buildings 1 00

Woodward's Suburban and Country Houses 100

Woolett's Old Homes made Now 1 50

TREES, PLANTS, LANDSCAPE GARDENING, Ac.

Browne's Trees of America 6 00

Downing's Landscape Gartiening 6 50

F'iliotts Landscape Gardening, paper $1.00; cloth. 150

Elliott's Lawn and Shade Trees 100

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 100

Fuller's Practical Forestry 150

Goi-don 8 Pinelum 6 00

Hoopes on Evergreens SOO

' Hough s Elements of Forestry 2 00

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 250

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, Ill'd . . 1 00

Tree Prnner, Wood 100

Veitch's Manual of the Conifeiie, Illustrated 300

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 150

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS. INSECTS. &c.
Darwin's Inseciiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. SOO

I Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.00; col. plates. 6 50

How to Destroy Insects 30

Insect Lives, or Born in Prison 1 00

Insects Injurious to Fruits. Saunilers 300

Packaid's Guide to the Study of Insects 600

Packard's Half-Houts with Insects 2 50

Packard s Our Common Insects 2 50

Riley's Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 2 00

BOTANICAL. SCIENTIFIC. &c.

Beal's "The New Botany '' 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hayward 175

Darwin's Variations of Atiithals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00
Descriptive * Analyt'l Bot., LeMaout ,t Dccaisncl2 50

Dictionary English'Names of Plants, Miller 500

Dictionary of Gai-ilening, Nicholson, Hid 5 00

Di agendo'rtr s Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickcysen 100

Gardener s Diet ionary, .Johnson's 3 00

Gray's How Plants R(}|iave 65

Grays How Plants Grow 1 25

Gl-ay's Miintial ot Botany 2 25

Grays Maiiniil. Uoiiinvand Lessons, In 1 vol 4 00

Grays stnieluiiil Boianv 230

Gray's Schnol and Field -Book of Biit.any '2.50

Henderson's Hand Book of Plants 3 00

,/ohnson's How Crojis Feed 2 00

ilolm son's How Crops G."ow 2 UO

Lindley s Treasury of Botany, 2 vols 6 00

Loudon s Encyclotx'dia of Plants 13 50

Marvi I sof Pond I.lfe, Illustrated 1 75

Microscopic Fungi. Cook, col'd plates 2 50

Pa.xton s Botanical Dictionary 10 CO

Twining s Natural Order of Plants, 2 vol 16 00

Wood's Class Book of Botany 3 60

THE HOTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

29.

Kemenfs Poulterer's Companion -JOO'

Bemcnfs Rabbit Fancier 30

Blesseil Beea, Allen 1 00

Hook of tlie Ulaok Bass, Henshaw 3 CO

Hook of Household Pets, paper, 50c.; clotli.. 75

Brown s Taxidermists Manual 1 OO

Burnliam's New Poultry Book 200

Canary Birds, paper, 50c.; cloth 2 75

Clarke on Horses Tectb 100

Clok's Diseases of sheep 1 25

Coburn s Swine Husliandry 1 75

Cole s American Veterinarian 75

Cook's Bee-keepeer's Guide, cloth. $1 25 ; jiaper .... 1 00

Corbett'8 Poultry Yard & Market, paper. 50c ; cl. 75

Dadd's American Cattle Doctor, 12rao. $1..')0, 8vo... 2 50

Dadd's American Ueformed Horse liook.Svo. cloth 2 50

Dafld s Modern Horse Doctor 1.10

Dinks, Mavhew and Hutchinson on the Dog 3 00

Fishing with the Fly, Orvis 2 60

Florida and the Game Water Birds, Roosevelt 2 00

Floyd's Hints on Dog Breaking 50

Fly Fishing. Salmon, Trout &Gra>;ling, Hamilton 1 75

Frank Forester s Ainerican Game in Season 1 50

Geyelin's Poultry Breeding 1 25

Go'ldtlsh and its Culture, Mulertt 100

Gttenon on How to Select Cows 75

Guenon on Milch Cows, new edition 1 OO

Harrison the Pig 160

Herbert 9 Hints to Horsekeepers 175

lloldcn s Book of Birds, paper 25c., cloth 50

Horse and His Diseases, Kendall 25

Horse, How to Buy and Sell, Howden 1 00

Horses, their Feet and their Feed, papei' 50c., cloth 75

Hunter ami Trapper .... 100

Jersey, Aldei'uey and Guernsey Cow, Hazard 1 50

Keep iig One Cow 1 OO

Langstrorb, Rev. L. L.. on the Hive and Honey Bee 2 00

Lewis Practical Poultry Book 150

Mayhew's I lustrated Horse Management 3 00

WcCIures Disease on .Am. Hoise, Cattle and Sheep 2 00

Miles on the Horse's Foot 75

Miner s, T. B., Bee Keeper s Manual 1 25

Murphy s American Shepherd 1 75

N orris "Fish Culture 1 75

Pra'rie Experiences, Cattle & Sheep, Maj. Shepherd 1 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keeping 1 50

Rabbits for Exhibi ion. Pleasure and Market 1 25

Randall's Fine Wool Sheep Husbandry 100

Randall's Practiral -hepherd 2 00

Randal Is Sheep Husbandry 1 50

Reasor on the Hog 150

Richardson on the Dog, paper, 3O0., cloth 60

Scientific Angler, Foster 150

Shooting on the Wing 75

Slack B Trout Cultm-e 100

Sportsman s Gazetteer, Hallock 300

Stanilard of E.xcellence in Poultry 100

Stewart s Shepherd s Manual 1 50

Stewart s Stable Book 1 50

Stodilards An Egg F.irm, paper, 50c , cloth 75

Taylors Bee-Keeper s Manual, Hid 215

Thompson s Food of Animals 1 00

Trapper s Guide 1 50

Walton's Complete Angler 1 50

Waring's Essay on Jersey Cattle 50

Wright s Brahma Fowl 2 50

Wright s Practical Poultry Keeper 2 00

Wright's Practical Pigeon Keeper 1 50

Youatt and Martin on Cattle 1 50

Youatt and Martin on the Hog 1 50

Youatt and Spooner on the Horse 150

Youatt on Sheep 100

Youatt on the Horse 1 75

PRACTICAL, TECHNICAL, MISCELLANEOUS.

Art of Grafting and Budding, Baltet 1 25

Ai't of Propagation 30

Art of Saw Filing 75

Building Associations, How to Manage 2 00

Bui ding Associations ; What they are, and Use... 75

Butler s Family Aquarium 75

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets 3 00

Gardener's Carriage Painter s Manual 1 00

Hints for Painters, by an Old Hand, paper 25

Household Conveniences 1 60

>I<)\v to Make Candy 50

How to Paint 100

How to Read 1 00

How to Use the Microscope, Phin 1 oo

ln<lu9trial Education in Public Schools, Straight 15

Mayhew s I'ractical Ko.'k. keeping for Farmers 80

Mrs. Cornellits' Young Housekeeper s Friend 1 50

Painter, Gilder and Varnlsher 150

Ropp s Easy Calculator, cloth, $1.00 ; morocco 160

Scribner s Ready Reckoner and Log Book 35

Webster s Dictionary, Unabridged 850

Wells' Every Man his own Lawyer 200

Wood-working Tools How tcUseTheuj.Whittake ,!50

VEGETABLES, GARDENING. &c.

Asparagus Culture

Fridgeman's .\merican Gardener's .\ssistant.
Brldgeman's Kitchen Gardener's Instructor..

De Voe s Market Assistant

Fitz's Sweet Potato Culture

Gar<lening by Myself, Warner

Gardening for Youngand Old, Harris

Garden Ree(-i|>ts, t^iiin

Gregory on Calibugrs

Gregory on Carrots, Mangold Wurtzela, &c...

Gregory on Onion Raising

Gregory on Squashes

Henderson's Garden and Farm Topics

Henderson's Gardening for Profit

Hogg's Vegetable Gat den

Kitchen and Market Garden

Mushrooiu Culture, Robinson

Mushrooms for the Million, Wright

Onion Culture

Pea Nut Plant and Cultivation ,

Quinn s Money in the Ganlen

Koe's Play an<l Profit in My Garden

Schenk s Gardener's Text'Book

Tillinghast's Manual Vegetable Plants

Truck Farming at the South, Dr. A. Oemler...

50

200

1 00

250

50

125

125

90

30

30

30

30

1.50

150

5tt

1 50

7'.

50

50

50

150

1 50

75

100

110

AGRICULTURE. MANURES. RURAL ECONOMY. &c.

Allen's, R. L.,and L. F,, New American Farm Book 250

American Weeds and Useful Platits 1 75

Beet Root Sugar 1 25

Bommer s Method of Making Manures 25

Bou3>ingalt's, J. B., Rural Economy 1 00

Brill's Farm-gardening and Seed-growing 100

Broom Corn aud Brooms, paper, 5(}c ; cloth 75

Colorado as an Agricultural State, Pabor 150

Curtiss on Wheat Culture ,50

Dana s, Sam 1 H., Muck Manual 125

Diseases, Held and Garden Crops, Smith 1 .lO

Farm Conveniences 150

Farm Homes, Le and 150

Farming for Boys 150

Farming for Profit, Reed 375

Five Acres too Much (illustrated) , 1 60

Flax Culture (7 Prize Esssiys by P c 1 1 Growers).. 30

French's Fatiu Drainage 1 50

Garden, Farm and Barnyard, Jacques 1 50

Hand-book of Grasses, .John Hentlerson 150

Harlan 8 F'arming with Green Manures 1 00

Harris Talks on Manures 176

Hop Culture, by Nine F^.xperienced Cultivators... .SO

How to Get a Farm and where to Find One 1 00

How the Farm Pays, Crozier and Uenflerson 260

Johnson's Elements of Agricultural Chemistry... 1 50
Johnstons, J. S. VV., Agricultural Chemistry..".... 175

Klippatt s Land Drainage 175

Klippart s Wheat Plant 175

Leavitt s Factsabout Peat 175

Lorlng s Farm Yard Club of Jotham SfiO

Lyman s Cotton Culture 150

l^inual of Agriculture, Emerson and Flint 1 60

My Farm of Edgewood 175

Nichol s Chemistry of the Faini and Sea 125

Norton's, .Jno. P., "Elements of Scientific Agric 75

Our l-'arm of Four Acres 60

Pedder s, James, Farmer's Land Measurer 60

Plant Lile on the Farm, Masters 1 00

Qtiincy, Hon. .Josiah, on Soiling Cattle 126

Scott 8 Soil of the Farm 100

Silos and Ensilage. Thurber , 60

Stewart s Irrigation for Harm, Garden & Orchard. 1 60

Stewart s Sorghum and its Products 1 50

Ten Acres Enough 100

Texas; The Coming Empire 1 00

Thomas'. J. J., harm Imp ements and Machinery. 160

Thompson's F^ood of Animals 1 00

Tim Bunkei"'s Papers, or Yankee Harming 150

Tobacco Culture, by 14 Experienced Cultivators., 25

Turner s Cotton Planter s Manual 1 50

Ville s Chemical Manures, paper, 50c.: cloth 1 25

Waring's Drainage for Profit and Health 150

"Waring s Elements of -Vgriculture 1 Ot)

Waring s haruiers Vacation ,- 3 00

Warings Handy Book of Husbandry 2 60

Warington s Cliemi-try of the Harm 100

Wilson s Drainage for Health 1 00

Touinan s Household Science 1 75

ANIMALS, DOMESTIC AND GAME, TREATMENT, &c.

Allen's, L. F., American Cattle

Allen's, R. L., Diseases of Domestic Animals

Amateur Trapper & TrapMaker sGuide, pa. 60; bds

American Bird Fancier (Brown's)

American Fish, How to Catch, by Old Angler

Batty s How to Hunt and Trap

Batty's Practical Taxidermy & Home Decoration.

Beale's Profitable Poultry Keeping.

2 60

100
75
30

100 ;

1 50

150 I
1 50)

I

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

lATayside FloiArers

Being a compilation of thirty-one of the beautiful plates from "Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States" and 128 pp. ol text

Author of "The Native Flowers and Ferns of U. S. ; " Professor of Vegetable Physiology in Fenna. State Board ol
Agriculture ; Editor of The Gardener's Monthly ; Vice-President Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila.

This work is appropriate for AN ELBGANT PRESENT. Splendid paper and typography ; Bound in fine cloth,
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THE ORCHID ALBUM

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(A -

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00 [

GARDENING^.

:■) JJ,:Ui> (

BY p. H. ELLIOTT, -^i'^lt J'^ i.O Jl/ilJ

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Ho^scs; containing designs for lots and grounds, from alot,3oi>y
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ScBt by mail on receipt of price. Address,

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:l AND OUT BUILDINGS.

Altnlng to furnish plans and designs Co suit every taste andpocket
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— DOWNING'S —

Or, Tie Cnllire, ProDagatlon, M ManaOTent, In tie
Gamen aid Orchard, of Fralt Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Descriptions of all the Finest Varie-
ties of Fruit, Native and Foreign, cultivated in this Coun-
try; containing, also, A Histoky of Insects Injdrioos to
Fkuit, and the hest methods of destroying them.

Mr. Charles Downing has been engaged on this revision
from time to time, and has produced unquestionably the
vioat complete Itejereiice Book for the Cultivators of Fruit
ever issued.

Of Apples only he has over 450 pages of varieties. New
and better drawings and engravings have also beeu nifldeio(
all the Fruit. ■ , i 1

The complete work, including three Appecdjces», 1»
brought down to 1881, and forms one thick, , iim II

8vo VOLUME OF OVER 1,250 PAGE3. ■ '■ ' ill

Price, handsomely lj|OUhd in full cloth, - i ■ , , '' i^^-ffl-

Becommendation from Hon. MABsaALL P. WjIiI^EH,
President of the American Pomological Society:. • , ;[

OenUemeu,:—l have received a copy from Mr. CharJaj
Downing of the socoutl revised edition of the "FiiuiT.s anij
Fkuit Tuees or America." It. is the ino.st cMjmprehen-
aivB of any similar work, in fact A COMI'IjETE eNOV
CLiOPEDIA OF AMI!RICA> POMOLOGY, brought Uowp
to the present time. The origmal edition bj' his brother, thp
late Andrew Jackson Downing, pop\ilar as it ever has beeq,
is made doubly interesting and useful by this revision, com-
prising the results of a lo.ig life of oritica4 observations^.
As a work of referencejt has no equal, and deserves a pliVC?
in the Ijbr^ry of every PomoJogist m America.— Marshaj.?.
P,.Wll.DKE. _ : i>

I /.^ddT^es■, I CHAS. H. MAEOTv , ^ ,|

.) I ■"''..'■ . nil Chestnut Street, PJula, I

MINTS FOR PAINTERSll

Decorators and Paper-Hangers. ■']

being a selection of useful rules, data, memor.inda, methq^s
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THE HORITCULTURAL ADVERTISER.

31

POCKET MAG/VIFIERS.

No. 3014. Price, 80 ceuts.
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BY a flrst-class gardener and florist, German ; understands
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eiues. Seeks responsible position, private or commercial.
G. Ivlingenspor, Princeton, Ills. n2

BY a tlioroughly capable man, as foreman or to take charge
of private or commercial establishment. Good grower
and maker up. Age 32, single. First-class references. A.
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FIRST-CL.\SS (ireenhouse .Sui>criiitendent wishes to make
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mercial on one months notice. SiiiL'lc, .\merican, Temperate.
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and cold graperies; take charge of commercial establishment,
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WANTED

By a boy of 16 years of age. A
g:ood home in a family to learn
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Good reference from the farmer who now emplovs bim.
Address, Philip, care of 8U Chestnut St., 2nd floor back, [dtf

M. H. LESTER

Hasjustreturned, after view-
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APPLETON'S

American CFclopsiia.

New Revised Edition 16 vols. Large Octavo Volumes* e^ch
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SWEET POTATO CULTURE.

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32

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

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For SttuatiODB Wanted, see page 31.

■ •■•■M mtn niVII ^ Locomotive Boiler suitable
UnTirU VUU vfilP f"' a greenhouse. Will heat
fiUlUllil ■«" ■■•■■ 'WO to 8000 ft. of pipe. In good

J. C. GORDON, 427 Warket St., Camden, N. J.

GOOD ImANU

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Near Philadeliihla. S15.00 'fl acre. Easy Terms. Address,

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dS GKKMANTOWN, PHIIA.

■iiA m '^mrm |i|^«0 THUS. P. SIMPSON, Washlng-
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patent uuiil 'jliUiiiicii. Write for Inventors' Guide. n2

Greenhouse or Conservatory

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U1J|I ^K Boiler in tirst-class order. Capable of
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FRUIT AND BREAD.

A Natural and Scientific Dl«t.

BY GUSTAV SCHLICKHVSEN.

Translated from the German by M. L. Holbrook, M. D. Intended
to show what is the natural food of man ; to lead him to become a
living child of nature; to simplify and beautify his manner of living;
to emancipate woman Irom the drudgery of tne kitchen ; to lead to
increased use of fruit; to diminish the use of fle>h, and where
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BY PETER HENDERSON.

Embraces within its scope the following subjects : Popu-
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THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND HORTICULTURIST

-M^For 1886-

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» ^w ^^^^fUl > » ■ 1 1 ^ Vllf^XIVr "f ^^^ December Number, 1885, has been issued to meet an
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and the first comes will get the numbers while they last.

CHAS, H. MAROT, Publisher, 814 CheBtnut St., Philadelphia,

Greenhouse Heating a Specialty «

Hot Water Heating, Steam Heating, and the combination of Steam and Water.

GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS.

By a. S. Packard, Jr., M.D.

Also a Treatise on those FN-TURions and BENEFiriAi, to
Crofs. For tlie use of L'olleses, Farms, Schools anil Agri-
ciilttirist.s. niustrated with II plates, and Unit wood-cuts.
Wi pages, »vo, cloth. Price, $6,00. Sent by mail post-paid
on receipt of i)rice. Address,

UHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PIANOFORTES.

UNEQUALLED IN

Tone Tonch Workmanship and Dnrability.

•WII>I-IAM KX.4.BE * CO.

Nos. 20* and 206 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
No. 112 fifth Avenue, New York.

Red Flowering Dogwood

AND OTHER NOVELTIES.
Kissena Nurseries.

Trees and Plants.
Parsons&SonsCo.,

fa

Flushing, N. Y.

ICONOGRAPHY

-OF-

>

INDIAN AZALEAS.

Oontainingplate." and descriptions of some of the best old
and new varieties,

BY AUGUST VAN GEERT,

With the assistance of the principal Horticulturists and
Amateurs, and translated by Th. Moore, Jr.

This splendidly illustrated work should be in the hands of
every practical gardener and lover of nlants.

To nurserviuen and florists it is a valuable vade nieatm to
resort to. The plates will prove most useful in the office
and will no doubt help and increase the sale of this popular
class of plants.

The amateur will find it an interesting book to consult for
the formation of his collection. Besides it is a splendid
volume for the library or drawing room.

quarto, thirty-six splendid colored plates and 81 pp. text.
Price S7.50, mailed post free. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMUEL B. PAR.S0N3.

A treatise on the Propagation. Culture and History of the
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CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St, Phila.

Art of Propagation.

A Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and Evcty-
body, 'A2 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 25 cuts, price 80
cents. Mailed, postage free, on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St . Phila.

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