s 43 CONNECTICUT *vo.|kkvv i*:u, Secretary New II aven. ( rEORGE II. I [OPSOM Wallillgfoi d. Charles M. Jarvis Berlin. Frank 1 1. Stadtmueller Elmwood. J. H. Webb Hamden. E, II. Jenkins, Director and Treasurer New Haven. STATION STAFF. Chemists. Analytical Laboratory. John P, STREET, M.S., Chemist in Charge. E. Monroe Bailey, M.S. C. B. Morrison, B.S. K. r>. Roe, AB. C. E, Si-iepard. Laboratory for the Study of Proteids. T. B. Osboune, Ph.D., Chemist in Charge. Botanist. G. P. Clinton, S.D. Entomologist. W. E. Britton, Ph.D. Assistant in Entomology. B. H. Walden, B.Agr. Forester. Samuel n. Spring, M.F. Seed Testing. Mary H. JaGGER. Stenographers and Clerks. Miss V. E. Cole. Miss L. M. Brautlecht. Miss E. B. Whittlesey. In charge of Buildings and Grounds. William Veitch. Laboratory Helper. 1 1 1 u;o Lange. Sampling Agent. V. L. Churchill. Now Haven. GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS SOU) IN CONNECTICUT IN 1908-1909. By E. II. Jenkins and Mauy II. Jagger.* The first requisite to success in growing any crop is pure live seed. The farmer is often deceived even as i<> the quality of seed, like corn or onion, which ho raises himself and knows lo he new. Our experience, like thai of all observers, has also shown thai seeds offered tor sale differ greatly both in purity and sprouting power. Often the fanner slocks down his land with pestilent weed seeds as well as grass, and sometimes sows with his clover the seeds of dodder, the greatest enemy of clover, or gets a poor and uneven stand because the seed he used had a low sprouting power. Me can afford to pay an extra price for heavy, clean seed, nearly all of which sprouts. He cannot afford to take as a gift, dirty and weakly sprouting seed. fhe time is coming when seedsmen will give and buyers will require a guaranteed statement of purity and vitality ; these to be fixed by laboratory tests and not by results in the field. This Station undertakes, to the extent of its ability, to test seeds with reference to their purity and vitality, both for farmers and also for growers and dealers within the state, to the end that farm production may not Ik- handicapped at the very stall by inferior seed. Directions for sampling are given on page [3. On following pages are given the results of tests made at this station of seeds from the Connecticut market during 1908-1909. The details of the tests appear in the tables on pages [4 to 26. The asterisks refer to special notes which will be found on page 14, numbered to correspond with the sample number in the lablc 'fhe whole gives a fair picture of the state of our seed market in [909 and its study should show the need of using great care ill buying seed for the coming year. * All the tests of seeds reported in this paper and the identification "I foreign seeds has been the work of Miss Jagger. The Director has assisted in preparing the work for publication. 4 connecticut experiment station bulletin 164. The Clovers and Alfalfa. Alfalfa, clovers and vetches are being more generally used than formerly by farmers in Connecticut, as it is realized that these, or other legumes, are indispensable to keep and increase the fertility of our land and to reduce the amount of commercial fertilizers and of concentrated feeds which must be bought. Red Clover Seed. The clover seed sold in the state in 1908, which was grown in 1907, was very inferior. More than 380,000 bushels were imported to make up for a very short domestic crop and part of this, at least, was of low grade, full of weed seeds and often containing dodder, which is the most dangerous pest in clover fields. Of the fifty-one samples examined last year, three were grossly adulterated with the worthless black medic, forty-one contained dodder seed, two others germinated very poorly and only one-sixth of the whole number were fit to use. [Bulletin 160.] Our domestic crop of red clover seed in 1908 was a good one and, chiefly in consequence of this, the fifty-two samples exam- ined in the early part of 1909 were in general satisfactory. Some of them were sent by buyers and others by dealers. A part of the samples sent were too small to be quite representative. In some cases a determination of the exact amount of foreign matter was not made, because careful examination showed that it was too small to be significant. The tests are given in detail in the table on page 16. With the exception of 5417, all the samples of medium and mammoth clover seed of which the percentage of purity is not given were fairly clean. Results of Tests of Medium Red Clover. In the Samples tested. Average. Highest. Lowest. Weight of 1,000 seeds, grams 1.58 1.90 1.38 Per cent, of pure seed by weight 95.9 99.8 77.2 Per cent, germinating by number 87.4 96.0 66.7 Viability* 83.8 Standard. 1-5 08.0 85.0 83.3 * The viability is the percentage of pure seed which will germinate freely. 1 GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS. 5 The vitality of the seed is somewhat greater than last year and the purity and viability nearly five and a. half per cent, higher. Much better is the showing as regards dodder. In 1908, forty-one out of fifty-one samples contained much dodder* and were on that account alone unfit to use. In 1909 dodder was found in only six of the fifty-two samples. In 1908 three samples were grossly adulterated with a worthless seed, black medic. This year there is no evidence of adulteration. One sample, No. 5468, contains 39 per cent, of alsike and white clover. These would hardly be used as adulterants and were more likely accidental and careless admixtures. Another sample, No. 5437, with 10 per cent, of plantain seed, is unfit to use because poorly cleaned. Nos. 5365, 5367 and 5369 represent red clover seed offered at the same time for $10.40, $10.15 and $6.75 per 100 pounds respectively. Their viability was nearly alike, 88.1, 88.7, and 92.8 respectively. Samples of each were sown early in the spring to determine whether there was a difference in their growth which would make the higher priced seed more desirable. No difference was seen during the first season in vigor, height or size of the plants. Dodder in Clover Seed. Two species are not uncommonly found, the European, Cuscuta Epithymum, and the field dodder, C. arvensis. Careful tests here corroborate the statement that the former grows well, but does not perfect seed in this region, while the latter seeds very freely. The former, however, has been, in our experience, more destructive to clover. The field dodder grows well on pigweed and purslane. Several complaints have come to us of damage from dodder in the seedings of 1908. Alsike Clover. The details in the table show that the average per cent, of pure seed was 93.7, a little lower than the provisional standard of 95. One sample, 5360, contained nearly 4 per cent, of sand and 10 per cent, of white clover and timothy, and another nearly 12 per cent, of these seeds. The others were satisfactory as regards purity. The average per cent, of germination was high, 85.4, and only one, 4961, was below the standard (75-80), in this regard. * For a description of this weed see Bulletin 160. 6 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 1 64. White Clover. The five samples tested were quite pure, but two germinated poorly. Crimson Clover. Six samples were tested and while all were very clean and free from weed seed, one was practically worthless because only 30 per cent, sprouted, and of another only 60 per cent, would sprout. Alfalfa. In the last two or three years many fields have been sown with alfalfa in this state and in some cases with complete success. Much depends upon the purity and vitality of the seed. It is impossible to remedy a thin stand by patching with a fresh seed- ing; the whole piece must be turned over and reseeded. Of the twenty-one samples described in the table, none had over 4.0 per cent, of foreign matter and the average amount was 2.1 per cent., which is very satisfactory. Two samples, however, had too low a germination, 66.7 and 69.8 per cent, respectively, and their use would certainly cause a partial failure. One of these samples, and two with good germinating power, had dodder in them and on that account alone should be refused. The average purity and vitality are but very little below the provisional standards which are 98 and 85 per cent, respectively. The results may be summarized thus : Results of Tests of Alfalfa Seed. Average. Weight of 1,000 seeds, grams 2.05 Per cent, of pure seed, by weight 97.9 Per cent, germinating by number 86.6 Viability 84.5 Meadow Grasses. Red Top. Nineteen samples of red top have been examined. In some cases no exact determination was made of the amount of impurity. This work takes a great deal of time, because of the smallness of the seeds, which must be picked over one by [ighest. Lowest. Standard. 2.22 1.75 99.O 96.0 98.O 94-5 66.7 93-0 65-9 85.0 GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS. 7 one. It is usually unnecessary, for without going through the tedious work of separating and weighing them, a very careful examination will show whether the seed is fairly pure or is foul with weed seeds or dirt. Red top always contains chaff from the seeds, which cannot be wholly removed by cleaning, but some of the samples examined, as will be seen in the table, contained large percentages of foreign seeds, and two of them, Nos. 4993 and 4994, had 9.8 and 17.4 per cent, respectively, of what looked like finely ground quartz or glass. Five of the nineteen contained from a quarter to a third of their weight of weed seeds, dirt and sand. The average per cent, of pure seed was 80.7 (ten samples), but it ranged from 50.5 to 98.0. The average germination of eighteen samples was 79.7, ranging from 50.5 to 93.0. Timothy Seed. When hay is grown as a cash crop, clean timothy is preferred because it is most in demand in cities for horses. Fifty-one samples of timothy seed are reported in the table. They are almost without exception pure and clean. The average purity, 98.0 per cent., is that of the provisional standard for timothy, and the lowest percentage of purity found is 84.6. Nos. 4945 and 4946 contained Canada blue grass and many weed seeds. The main trouble with the timothy examined lay in its poor sprouting power. Thus of the fifty-one samples tested, sixteen, or nearly one-third, germinated below the provisional standard of 85 per cent. In three samples less than two-thirds of the seeds sprouted. They were therefore agriculturally worthless. Garden Seeds in Packages. Persons having small garden patches commonly buy most or all of their vegetable seeds in small packages from what are known as "commission packages," i. e., boxes put up by dealers in seeds which contain an assortment of the most commonly used garden varieties. The garden, cared for by members of the owner's family, contributes very materially to their support and its partial failure materially increases the cost of living. Fresh seed, true to name, is the first essential of success. Respon- 3 8 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 164. sibility for the quality of the . seed rests primarily with the retail dealer, if he carries over his "commission packages" from one season to the next. Whoever puts up the packages is responsible if he does not take the same pains to put seed of good quality into these packages that he takes in supplying those who buy in larger quantities. The comparatively few tests made of these seeds during the last season are enough to show that some of these "commission boxes" contain seeds which are agriculturally worthless and can bring only disappointment and loss to those who buy them. In the spring of 1909 our agent bought eighty-three packages, representing seven varieties of garden seeds. These were put up by seventeen different firms and bought in different parts of the state. D. M. Ferry & Co. and the D. Landreth Seed Co. state on their packages that the seed is grown as well as put up by them. In the other cases no such statement appears. The seeds of each dealer were taken from a single box. The names and addresses of the firms whose seeds were examined are as follows : F. T. Blish Hardware Co., So. Lake Shore Seed Co., Dunkirk, Manchester. N. Y. Cadwell & Jones, Hartford. D. Landreth Seed Co., Bristol, Pa. Crosman Bros., Rochester, N. Y. E. M. Lyman & Son, Springfield, A. H. Dunlap & Sons, Nashua, Mass. N. H. Lyon & Ewald, New London. D. M. Ferry & Co., Detroit, Mich. Page Seed Co., Greene, N. Y. J. H. Gregory & Son, Marblehead, F. S. Piatt Co., New Haven. Mass. J. B. Rice Seed Co., Cambridge, Hamilton Hardware Corp., Water- N. Y. bury. Ross Bros., Worcester, Mass. Hart, Welles & Co., Wethersfield. J. M. Thorburn & Co., N. Y. City. The results of the tests appear in detail in the table. Lettuce. Not less than 85 per cent, of lettuce seed should germinate. Six out of the fifteen package samples showed inferior germina- tion and four at least were unfit for use. Sample 5501 seemed to be a mixture of fresh and old seed ; 85 per cent, of the fresh- looking seed sprouted and only 25 per cent, of the old seed. GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS. 9 Radish. Ninety per cent, of radish seed should germinate. Only four samples germinated as high as this. Of the other thirteen samples, four were fairly good, the others quite inferior and four agriculturally worthless on account of low vitality. Onion. Seventy-five per cent, of Connecticut grown onion seed should germinate. Half of the samples examined fell below this stand- ard and five were worthless. Cucumber. Eighty-five per cent, germination is the standard for this seed. Half of the samples equalled or exceeded this, the other half were inferior. Muskmelon. Of the twelve samples tested, five germinated 85 per cent, or more, and on the other hand, three samples germinated less than 50 per cent. Watermelon. Only seven samples were tested. Over 80 per cent, of the seed in three packages germinated and three others germinated less than 50 per cent. The package of E. M. Lyman & Son contains seeds of at least two varieties, quite different in size and color. Examination of the table shows that all the samples tested from a single box of seeds put up by the Lake Shore Seed Co., J. B. Rice Seed Co. and E. M. Lyman & Son, had inferior germinating power. The same is true with a single exception of the box put up by Crosman Bros. On the other hand, all of the seeds put up by Thorburn & Co., Landreth Seed Co., F. S. Piatt Co., Cadwell & Jones, were found to have good ger- minating power as far as tested. The number of tests is quite too small to justify a judgment as to the general quality of seeds put up by any seedsman. It is quite possible for the retailer to sell seed which has lain over in his hands from a previous year, and it may be that IO CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 164. some samples were taken from such boxes.. It appears, how- ever, that some of the seed boxes from which small quantities of vegetable seeds are sold contain old and worthless stock. Quantity of Seed in Packages. The Hamilton Hardware Co. and Lyon & Ewald sold by the ounce. All the other seeds were in five-cent packages. The second column of the table, pages 23 to 26, gives the weight of seed in each package, and shows that in four of the varieties some packages contained three times the weight of seed found in others. TESTS OF THE VITALITY OF VEGETABLE SEEDS SENT BY GROWERS, DEALERS OR PURCHASERS, I907 TO I909. Within the period above named seven hundred and twenty- one samples of field and garden seeds have been tested as to their sprouting capacity. A brief summary only of the results can here be given. Comparison of the Vitality of Crops of Connecticut-Grown Onion Seed Less than One Year Old in the Years i8p4~ipo8. Table I. — Vitality of Crops of Onion Seed. No. of Samples Average Percentage tested. sprouted. In 1894 25 82.9 i89S 13 85.5 1896 44 72.4 !897 39 77-9 1898 68 69.3 1899 62 89.0 1900 77 88.5 1901 60 71.0 1902 60 80.6 1903 59 62.0 1904 42 80.4 1905 37 7B.6 1906 62 77.2 1907 24 88.8 1908 119 74.5 Average for 15 consecutive years, 76.1 per cent. GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS. II The sprouting capacity of the onion seed raised in 1903 is much lower than that of this crop in any other year of which we have knowledge, and growers explain this by the excep- tionally wet and cold summer season of that year. The Sprouting Capacity of Different Varieties. The average sprouting capacity of five varieties, of which a considerable number of samples have been tested, is as follows (only those samples are here included which were alleged to be less than one year old at the time of testing and were grown in Connecticut) : Table II. — Sprouting Capacity of Different Varieties of Onion Seed. No. of Samples Average Percentage of tested. Sprouting Seed. Yellow Globe 321 74.76 Red Globe 246 79.52 White Globe 172 78.63 White Portugal 32 70.02 Wethersfield Red 15 79.07 Vitality of Onion Seed as Affected by the Age of the Seed. Since November 1, 1896, the Station has examined 1360 samples of onion seed of the crop of 1896 and of each succeed- ing crop. The results are summarized in the following table : Table III. — Vitality of Onion Seed. Seed stated to be less than one year old Seed stated to be between one and two years old . . . Seed stated to be between two and three years old Seed stated to be between three and four years old It is quite clear that as a rule a larger percentage of California- grown onion seed germinates than of Connecticut-grown seed. It is also quite clear that, as a rule, onion seed one year old has a much lower sprouting capacity than new seed, though there Connecticut Grown. Per cent if Samples. Sprouted. Cal. No. of Samp] Growr es. i. Per cent Sprouted, 715 75-70 277 86.91 143 64.O8 178 75.16 24 21.00 202I 57.38 I 59-50 I 10.00 12 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN l6/L are many exceptions to this. Seed from a good crop when one year old will sometimes germinate quite as well as new seed from an inferior crop. Vitality of Sweet Com Seed. The following table gives the average, maximum and mini- mum vitality found in tests of Connecticut-grown sweet corn less than one year during the years 1904 to 1908 : No. of Average Percentage Samples by number of tested. Country Gentleman 18 Early Crosby less than one year old 12 Early Crosby one to two years old 4 Early Evergreen less than one year old 3 Early Evergreen one to two years old 1 "Evergreen" less than one year old 12 "Evergreen" one to two years old 3 Acme Evergreen one to two years old 1 Hickox 3 Metropolitan 3 Old Colony less than one year old 4 Old Colony one to two years old 1 Old Colony two to three years old 1 Stowell's Evergreen less than one year old 25 Stowell's Evergreen one to two years old 8 Early Dawn 1 SUMMARY. At present the grass, clover, alfalfa and vegetable seeds sold in the state differ greatly in quality; some of them being agriculturally worthless. The use of poor seed dooms the crop to partial or complete failure at the start and the owner to disappointment and loss. sprouting. Maximum, Minimum. 87.3 100.0 59-0 93-5 1 00.0 77-0 63.6 85.0 42.0 87.8 96.0 82.0 91.0 88.0 80.7 92.0 73-0 80.0 89.3 96.0 83.0 90.6 99.0 85.0 95-0 80.0 45-0 81.7 96.0 99.0 57-0 48.0 62.5 GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS. 1 3 Loss of this kind can be avoided in most cases* by testing the seed be- fore buying or planting. Some kinds, like corn, can be readily tested at home. Other and smaller seeds need facilities or skill which are not commonly available. This Station will, to the limit of its ability, do this work of testing for the farmers of this state, when the results are likely to be of any general interest and value. To give them value to the sender and to the public alike, 1. The sample should represent stock offered for sale in the state. A small sample sent by mail from some dealer at a distance is of no value unless he guarantees that the goods shipped shall be like the sample. 2. The sample should be described on a blank which will be supplied by the Station on request. 3. The sample should be so taken as to fairly represent the stock on hand. Carelessness or inaccuracy in this particular impairs or destroys the value of the Station's work. Instructions for Sampling Seeds. An accurate sample can be taken by following these directions. 1. Mix well together with the hand and arm the contents of the package (bag or barrel) of seed. 2. Take out five or six small handfuls or cupfulsf from various parts of the package, mix these carefully together and take a part of this mixture for the sample. 3. Send of the smaller seeds — red top, white clover, timothy, etc., at least two (2) ounces; of beets, turnips, red clover, etc., four (4) ounces; of wheat and cereals, and of peas and other legumes, eight (8) ounces. 4. Samples may be sent by mail, so securely packed as to prevent leakage or loss, prepaid, plainly labeled with name and address of the sender, and addressed to Conn. Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Conn. As the test of germinating power requires some time for its completion, a report on samples cannot be ordinarily expected in less than two weeks from the time of their receipt. * Seeds of varieties like the different kinds of cabbage or of carrot cannot usually be distinguished from one another. Occasionally loss comes from planting an inferior variety which has been bought under the name of another and good variety. f A small cup may be closed with the palm of the hand, forced down to the desired place, then filled and withdrawn. 14 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 164. The examination of grass-mixtures can only be undertaken in special cases. It requires a large outlay of time and labor which is not often justified by the results. Notes on Samples of Clover, Alfalfa and Grass Seeds. 4847 Contains dodder. 4869 Contains dodder. 4913 Contains dodder. 4920 Pure seed with much chaff. 4939 Marked "red top and timothy." Only 1.6 per cent, of timothy found. Germination of red top only given. 4945 Much foreign seed. Canadian and Kentucky blue grass, cinquefoil. 4946 Much foreign seed. Canadian and Kentucky blue grass, bottle grass, pigweed, etc. 4947 Some Canadian and Kentucky blue grass and a few weeds. 4953 Clean seed, but worthless. No germination. 4954 Worthless because of low germination. 4961 The foreign matter is mostly white clover and timothy, no weeds. 4966 A few, seeds of plantain. 4967 Much dodder. 4974 Eight kinds of weed seeds and much dodder. 4981 Seven kinds of weed seeds and much dodder. 4990 Much dodder. 4993 I Contain fine quartz grains, 9.8 per cent, in one, 17.4 per cent, in 4994 \ the other. 5332 Few seeds of bottle grass and Russian thistle. 5345 Few seeds of sorrel. 5360 10 per cent, of white clover and timothy ; 3.8 per cent, of sand. 5361 Few seeds of bottle grass. 5371 3/^ per cent, of soft and broken seed. 5392 Dirt, chaff, seeds of yarrow and cinquefoil. 5399 Few seeds of bottle grass. 5404. 5 per cent, of red clover. 5406 Contains considerable plantain seed. 5408 Dirt, chaff, seeds of cinquefoil. 5410 Some plantain seed and much cinquefoil ; 66,000 weed seeds per pound. 5413 No. 1, 7,800 weed seeds to the pound. 5413 No. 2, 3,300 weed seeds to the pound. Seeds of alfalfa dodder. 5415 Dirt, chaff, seeds of yarrow. . 5417 Two species of dodder. 5419 Few seeds of Russian thistle. 5422 Few seeds of Russian thistle. 5431 Plantain and crab grass; 9,720 weed seeds to the pound. 5437 16,435 seeds of plantain to the pound. 5438 Seeds of five weeds. GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS. 15 5440 Rather dirty, seed of cinquefoil, pepper grass and plantain. 5448 Dirty, much seed of cinquefoil. 5454 38.4 per cent, of dirt; u.l per cent, of seed of sedge. 5459 Few seeds of sorrel. 5460 Two species of dodder; 38,000 weed seeds to the pound. 5468 This is clearly an accidental mixture of 42 per cent, of mammoth clover, 39.4 per cent, of white clover and some alsike. 5*?1} Clean seed but old. 5572 J 1 6 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 164. ON o ON H D u H U fa S3 o o P W w fa fa o Pi o p h3 O C/3 en P fa W CO 2? O H < ■* ■* CO OO N CO O m rf 00 M w 3 hD >h C « CCJ rC o ^& o PQ b-i - in o . O u w ad: £ >*. - ^ OT) DC/2 „ **£ _rg£S 1 -° > . I .tin _J CO *- fa S "> CO "Z J .2: oP O O^ s ^ o ^a o s ° 2 ffl ^ S fa Q O ^-h Jto^ S „ 53 w ^ . „ ffi HA - *-' o Hrt _, W . HH ■£ T3' h. h, o fa ^O C/3\ QOT fa" hAO Q a s 0 2- to -5 - <0 . o o 02;Z O tJ- m o in^O rt- O tnr> OO i^-co CT>M int> o>h n hi -+inO coco vO t^co Omuicirnti d n cococomvoooo r-^i-NOOOO hi m OC-O^OO O H N COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO'3-Tj-'* ■^•■^"^•■^-intnininininininininininininininininininininin GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS. 17 •juso jsd O w vO 1 1-1 •;usd jad 'uoii -■Euiuija'S psas a-inj xnOu'iO'JiOmu-iOmOinOOOO O en »o in ui u) in O •}U3D jad -undiuj vO ■* O • w h" o" O ! N "JU33 J3d 'paas a-inj •SUTEJjS spaas 0001 •3" ir>o vnco OOO Ph u CQ S3 1 O en CD [£) •So .S3 CO o rCOT en fa o - o fro o'S3 -i-t >>£) o 03 03 r^-j fa en Bi fa J*T3 c rX ° fa <->,£, enW ^rC enW & 8.2**1 ■s5§§ 03 pg ^ w ot fa a ^ O - Z 03 O" ID . 2 o ">» IT-I >-t ^P-H<# !— id : ^ Ph 03 o -a a a . w5S ■ — ' J-. tr* m 73 o d ^r; >h . - . hjp-,i_]i!facoiaM s? 2 co S .S ^o : c-B d ^" J H O < — 1- a GrG.5 1-4 C o ° B » 6 £q l~- O '-> mvO r^co O " ■^f- t^> »ri r^ O ^-00 mininininminininininininininin r^ M m m t^ N CO ^i <0 On O o E-i t> o H O W o O A H H fa to o o p hj o c/2 A w w C/5 I2i o H < W •)U9D jad -BuiunaS paas ajn^j i^ 10 10 r^ N O mO inoo con N M O O O O 10 in O O vo •juao iad 'sat} -unduij OHM O ^J- O Ooo ^-00 ^f tJ- m J>. w' M 00 VO 0"> CO M H U1H d vO O N CO r^. d" ■* n° •4- •JU3D aad 'pass ajnj OOOWOWOO to tOoo r> 'SttlBjS 'qSiam spaas 0001 <4-l ,_ O ? 10 Pi O OPS O S fa Sfa O XSQ >> 0 rt H £ ^ 0 O O fa -a „ OJ PqOh co'DC U C u > S o J2 ca ^ 6 ~ d .5 1 U i> o 3 "u £pq »u 5? cow "^2 fa M ^ M ^ ° o -2 bo© bp e .5 ^ a o t; & 3 O 3 £ °£cn toco^^ ^ w-c a" ■~ -r ~ e o 1 - O ^ c v<-1 S SP - s OS - CS hri ■ 1 0T.S ° -a £*"<» c 1— '' O fl & aj«£j O 3 -C cj oi a) fc4 -5 co fa fa H O rtCO to ci n S ° ■-* c n^ o ^J O ° CO 52; <8 -a" o & & o : -§co § c - UOIJBjg t-i cooo 1-1 n co»noo n c>o ir>o NvOOvO -+OvO ca iriO 0000 G^C^C^OcocOco^-'t-t •^J-^-'^t'^-'^-T^-inininirixoir) mO inNO coo o O co t~> o^ a* -j- -3- O r^oo O i-i N \0 O O i~>- 1^ r^ in in to 10 vo vo in in in in in in GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS, 19 ■JU30 J3d G^O u-j OO 10 tJ- CN OlUTt"^ H CO M Tj- O O I~> H H O CO u">0 IN 00 CO GOO 0 00 00 0 , r~*. mo Goo >— m 1 00 00 00 CO 00 CO CO G'OO C^l NfN CO t>. Goo CO O G t^ O M N>n t>oo O u-> 0 inininino O inmmO O '}U3D J3d 'uon -•euiuua'S paa's ajnj ■}U3D jad 'sap -unduij h ■* omh q >n O ei i-I m h w n ci mtnnci N o in o r~~ mo ^t-O ci ti tOM « t ~ > O K cd en — < f^ St • pq1"* S . en P-, o :£ - So u o aj ^ «i 1) n en rt g tjj a 6 hu; .O re . fflw ^M COh-^ ^w" 3 ; ; S ' ; s g>C £ O . 3 £ 15 « w tlffl ^ 2 !£ ^ & u £ c^ o ~£ 2 - ox g 3 o '- H ? S 3 3 u g • S rt .3 re r-1 O . -SO' • • • "O u- ~ & 3 a> IX - o .SO 1- CO re" < U 1 o <« 3 o S ^^ re 1-1 k^ ►2 s cn -a 3 ►J-13 ffla, ■ON UOIJBJS r-^nNNCT1,inH M mfH COtJ-GGCNvO g ■^J-O O m wt^t^csi M cococo coo r^ r^ G •-! w mo 000000 GGGGcococococococOcorocO'd-n--t-io O G O w 00 G 20 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 164. 1 1 moo 00 m m ti- 1 1 1 1 in H *0 'jCjiliqsiA. w 1 . , 1 IN O^t-00 N rf 1 , , 1 G> 0 cf in ( t i 1 Oooor^vOvO 1 1 1 1 CO CN CO . 'JU3D J9d mininO d co O m m coco co 00 coco co CO CN 'UOIJ OOCMvnco Oco^OMnintOKto vo' vO 0° C in in ] | | ! 0 O ■4 'paas ajnj co 1 1 , 1 0 O r-- Ot~> i~> 1 1 1 ,m r- 0 O «"> in •suiejS O'' CN OOOOOO 111O in co 'qSiaM M 1 1 »!-* O^^iHMO < ' ' ' i-1 vO O spaas 0001 111 1 1 • 1 H M i : ; : i d s i i ; j | i^- j j .....o« £ - ■ rC 1 1 1 1 • 1 <* II 2 i ! 1 ! £5 T 1 ! ! ! ' » 0" ! ! «iiii^iiii°"3 11 tdiii' * 1 1 , 1 u-|2- Ml.- lS^ g«- .XS u, ■ 1 1 1 X CD Q i S3 0' 0" 0 S-i Thos. G Northro Wheeler Sample Weste E. W. C h.'bVc" Ross Br Whitney E. W. C S. Bash O s pq CO Britain wn i . ; * ; , . ;;;;;.,; 0 ; a c ■ 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 1 1 (_, 1 CD CD Red Top — Concluded. Avery, North Stonington. . Martin, Clark's Corners . 3y Svea Gr'n & Coal Co., N< Messell, Suffield Elwood, Greens Farms .. Avery, North Stonington Child, Woodstock Alford, Willimantic Stillson, Stepney Depot . & Brown, Putnam .. & Ewald, New London... cock Hardware Co., Wate Lyman, Manchester > £ i-ri . I-H B jo c t/3 ^ c/f S! to 8 "« ^b S CD (SI 5P a 0 0 '°N O co *f coco CN cocOOOincoOOcO'S- 0 r~> coooinino oOO — h nn 0 ■t rf Tf lo in in inininininininininin n- * GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS. •luaa jad r^ O -^ r^ m w. r^o O ni^H inn^rMsm h on O cm O ^fco o w ONO>00 MOO 1-1 o O -sj- r^ in w -+000000 in *- O Omto r^»oo oo oo o inco r~.co covo t^w n Ooo OO oo co o vo i> Oco o o ■juaD Jad lion in O W t^ N O inininw O r^ in in O O t^ t~> *^ O O r-^ r-«. enoo O m --1 O O^O oo -■EUIU1J33 r-> Oco ooo o O r~oo co o r^ en Oco OO co co t^o t*» Ooo o 0s paas 3Jn,j * ^ * * * luao Tad 'sap O n co o *+■ t+o w r~> o oo o co ^ en r^ o o^^o en m mo en tj- n en m m O >-i m enco mhmmcMO <-< "* t-^ in in -^J- t--0 oo l> Ooo OO^-O >- oo CO 0000000 O O O Oco Or^t^r^OOOOO •paas ajn<£ ooo ooo co o^o^o^o^o^o^o^o^c^cy^o^o^o^o^^^c^o^^o^o^ O I~- 0* O in O O in in ir> OO m WO ■suibjS OO t~» O M Ooo t TfMnOiO O O in o -+Or^O in N N m w >- 'q^iaAv spaas oooi -l-enen^J-'+Tl-en'^-enenenenenTi-Trenen'i-cnencnenen'+^'+Tj- i 1 , i i i i , i . a ; > ; ; | ; j ; ■ * I i i ■ ■ i i i *c3 i S5 ': i i i i : 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 1 1 O (H 1 C ' • ' ' ' ' :::;:::; :~ra : o ; : ; ' : : ■ „• S • • 5 c o s « o wn. ry .. amt Wheeler & Co., Bridgeport. Ross Bros., Worcester, Mass W. W. Rawson & Co., Bosti E. B. Clark Co., Milford... F. Burr & Co., Middletown. D. B. Wilson & Co., Waterb Lyon & Ewald, New Londo J. P. Barstow & Co., Norwi T. H. Eldredge, Jordan Hardware Co., Willi Stanley Svea Gr. & C. Co., N Lockwood & Palmer, Stamf Wheeler & Co., Bridgeport. E. E. Burwell, New Haven. 0. H. Meeker, Danbury Meech & Stoddard, Middleto Cadwell & Jones, Hartford.. Birdsey & Raven, Meriden.. Meriden Grain & Feed Co... D. B. Wilson Co., Waterbui E. W. Conklin & Son, Bingh Northrop, King & Co., Minn C. N. Codner, Oswego, N. Wheeler & Co., Bridgeport.. "rt Q !!!!!!!!!!.'! wn field.. 'lie;;;;;;!; i 2 : : : £ ; ; tH i i i CD i i cu . i i ^- i i *■> i co i+3 i i , , a > t . a i ■-* i « i ,jr; i . — iii' ii g , ,K ; , , , , ; , . ! 'i ! l 1
i - i > i ■'" IH ' ■ > 1 ' ■ 1 M . ■* i. 1 1 ' 1 i ' * : i : : :-S r ; o :^ e ^ >> £# « i . i i . . H-l o 5r l l i V , I l iy, West Ches Hardware Co c, Newtown. . tin, Clark's C ell, Suffield .. d & Co., Sout n, Southingtoi >od, Greens Fi c CO niothy. >od, Green d, Woodst ry Phelps, Ti Elwc Chil jome H. F; cock Peel , Mar Mess iswol Dun Elwc . * O i > ■ ■ - ' iii :■■:; ijssz^hcStf'a w'E % ! ' ' 1 ! ! '< ! !!■!!! 1 ,£,£ d fc,' .-AH td *A o-tinco in o r~- co OO w cn en-l-vno r-^oo u^\0 OO n r)-enO r- "°N ino O ^ rt'^t't-t'tinini^inininininini^ r^co oo O in en ^i" m uoij-Big oo co co o^O^O^O^0^O''O^O^ r-^ covo 0 o Ovo 5U3D J9d 'uoil -■EUIUJJ3S pass 3Jn,j •JU30 J9d -und'uij '51130 J9d 'pass ajnj •suibjS spaas 0001 "ON uopeis cnOooinuicor)nconOO«Mncc<-icncocO' .S ffll o ^ ° O be £ o effl 00 w'ffi *o > \-> JS «te*i ;wco a- m ^3 - z £-o- o ' . o O d^£ u tJ: - fe u< O ■*-> - a. s 3 rt CO a >H O g to ^ ^3 2 ate C3 bo1-^ 3 rt co< 5 c' 3 ei to s m J J! 0H -o a ^cJm dfe w£j~ai £fe w'w Ovo l^-r^o^OOO O O O O >-« cn (N co cnto ^- 't mo O o ioui\ninmioinini/)iniomuiio»ninioininininin in in GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS. 23 o ON o < u R w w CO w ►J pp < H W O W > 1 -„- W m enco o OO CO M ir> t-i O^O en t--co >N i-j r^ n w en x g £ lOlSBiOOtOtnON c«^ r^ r^-vo bJStn rt NNNMNNOlNCq (1 N N N fi nw "o - , vOm — (^mihc>^-n nC"+t Mneo en t CionH O in -r en « CO 0>>" in O O IT) N in '1-a: ■> T3 C ' ; ' o ' ' ' c i i i i -*nj • < i- I- • o ' ■ '"5 J ' -*cj : ; ! b§ ' ' X O T3 ' T3 •"ES-b ^b «£ 5 T3 cS tr o ; : c 3^ , C 2 C • i D bo rt O 1 ' v. o ' .2 ~ £ S c &*> c 1 1 — i o - ^ s i2 T U3 43 " S o ^ . £< S° r« o g rt JJ ? in „ «0 '— -^ 33 o^ o >, STL"13 13 £ .*— i ri 0Q *-= .3 ^ £ ^ - S = O d " r • h O T* <-jr r$ J5 . a) c ■" to my O o fed 3 ; g a" s s a^j— eS to (U "« tti m "^ bo ^U^aa •a * • n O - f^< fe « 0132 . OT BaiEfe fa'lx ;;,;;; ! i ! 6 Id ... , I !!!',! to : :u • c .' ' ! ! ' 1 ! '■ d 6 „• ■ .90 C C p O 0) o CO S a. co « g g (OX 3 r u to ' 4, ' ! '. o' d ■ oO ;*. : suo '^-a c> ' et toO .O^-j J3 O. a 3 Ph ' *J bi "O 43 ' i-n ° to , utfir: c C 1- Z f c : ^ O-C ; ^^ Its « eg* ; « r^ r -\ ° to , D co v-"->_4) ;co ,, ^ °?j — to' a) i; k* 02 D4 CO' i> ^ —■"§ to „• agdn col 03 ^ +-* to • J hJ O b- 5 . *s til S.S 0 ! c ■ a '43 •« '43 '(D C c c en u ; a> as 0^ c i to s 03 43 , uCO ' CO . 43 . > v> cti i- o, bo H< bo tn cm c ■ d ^ o-.d ■3« be .s ^ 4) -a «i S" rt ^1 dS o,S ,-. « ofe: ID 43 l» ■"" S C tS f^ £ — 2 T3 ^5 -O -q, j= -O to -c ^n >-- i^u*- ^ u ^; >*"> be ui ^O ^c c g to c *c *n b,t: o-is ~ ° 5"^ c j) to u n > l- C C 43 d, J W U hS W h5 t? w ,5 3 rt O > O 3 es --; c3 i3 43 tn DW-4W mo WcoWH HO O uiO >nO mO mO>l I^CO tJ-CO CQ O ~ lO « m lO 1- Maquinfj; r-» r^co oo o o o O O h m m nn rf Tt r^ r^co CT^O^O T^-3-*3-TtTj-^J*ininmir ini/i mm in u- <3- -f -t- •<*■ -r in ir ir ir inmmir IT u- u- inmif U") in in in ir IT in in in 24 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 164. 'SS O Tt TJ" rf n 00 00 co r-> 00 co 4 co to 00 co co o Oco O O 10 in inuiO OmOOOmOO ^J ON o w O < o < 0* P w w w ij P3 O 3 "2 .co to w Cfl o MH O >- l-< -1 — , "i PQ S*J^ » o-s »•* rt ° O -AO^EC it; £ I c3 43 !ECZ HO .. to ^£ £6 ' ; ' o c3 o ~ c c a bo o ^ O 3 O n: hJ ,5 erf hh OT |^ -Si 6 5 O ~~~ -D — ft HWW W aQ £&.* 0 43 cu ^ h^-- t"0 >^ cao w - CO • 0 co <% cX ft 0 PQ c s , o '.O o 03 •o & co J3 q o EC m ' acq JO > a. &«; bOT3 'r1 Cu,OB co u NvO N tvNcO win In t^co co OOO O w •"■ Tl-^-^-^j-^-Tt-inininin inininininininininin 1- tN in in GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS. 25 £S; ir> -t en ^ ^j-o coo i> -^-o en (N xn in O in O O O O ^ O O O »o w O 3 Cfi S-S r too xi - (u s o « oO fe .. I-, >- C rt e« , — i ri V3 ^ T1 IT! sHS a ^ -a g x> id •da 3^,) *'g£-o£ !■§ - bojj o cflo ,d ,4) 3 O S OCJ > 4> TJ d bj cti JS^xi ■— rt ui -.>-■:»-■ • • . "I ^ i o , • . i m i O • >3 bO 4) « j- ^ ^ o Opq d -d b 5 43 rt -d 1-. o \o o en co -f in\ni/i :z 4>Q xO ■" 1- 1- 43 ►>. P^ 4) 4) Oi !> 4) OS |S 'flhJO xl "^ *-> rr\ ITl \L ■£■ > 4- 2. QQ i-JcoQ in w in , ^- ■— — 4) 41 41 5 4) 4) >- = Ph cooo co r^ coco coi^Nao co ooo O M . in^o o tfun^1 inmininO uiO ^O O i^^-tntno O O S3 .8 G On o ON w o u p w w w 1-1 PQ c s cd ^ E r > ^^e ^ijrt 3 d pq O cu fa E . ,^j , : 1 1 X) u 1 1 1 1^31 ■2 v "E-5 cd d or bom be > artf Ha Sau erid b.E- 3 J5 a- ™ in r2 c a fe »WU cQmZ (LI u - ■ . d fc^S > uT S « rt u N^1 „, . o£ E tn ^E Is O - OT3 «« ;CQ dP3 | « Q 2hJ?T -Soq I rt O w ■ >- . . ooio<;uwciH Pi bo 0 P. d JO O^ D : S < -tvO t~-oo 00 OO « •tt ttmin in in xn vn in in 1-1 lO N Mfl N N tn^tio in in in in in in in in in in o ■+ co n i> nvo t^ O^ M M W CO «+ >t ^ tfi in in »n in in in in in in in in University of Connecticut Libraries ii mi ii I nil mi mi mi 39153029221076