tay tty tee Aree Bok ewe Spain ong te eer Fat eran eo OME ee, Les ay ae aban EO ea pO Ia nO eg rears ee Roce bab PP Pe! om oi si — 5 eee ao SEY a Learn ee eT ET ne es ne me es = eee pea eS = SS Raa ae one GARDEN AND FOREST e MOR TTCULTURE, A JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE AKT AND FORESTRY Conducted by CHARLES S$. SARGENT Director of the Arno!d Arboretum, Professor of Arboriculture in Harvard College, etc. VOLUME X. ILLUSTRATED JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1897 erm ne qccGOSh Wary GAS aeiyye 4 a f 1 ont feet % rr . Virie fie) New York THE GARDEN AND FOREST PUBLISHING CoO. 1897 Copyright, 1897, by THE GARDEN AND Forest PUBLISHING Co. All rights reserved. INDEX TO VOLUME x. The asterisk (*) denotes that the sub- American Institute, meeting of Atkinson, George F., articles by. 34s 73 Boston, flower exhibitions in...... 129, ject is illustrated. Barmers! Glib. cys sco. 205% 99, 250 Aubrietias!.isssseetssemerens «s+. 229, 258, 447, 496 ‘Abbott;.M.,.article: by...s:.00s.0s . 178 = = of New York, eahibie Audubon Society of Massachusetts, me the park system of Greater.. 241 Rosa G., articles by 7» 337 tion of flowers, fruits and vegeta- Auriculas in England ......-....... 173 Botanic Garden of Smith College.. 512* Abelias, species ore : 267 DD leSteewe clelateiste 5 vstejaye dale desc: 398, 408 Autumn effects of shrubs and trees, 417, - notes Aberia Caffra .. - 393 Ampelopsis, the Japanese ......... 96 428, 436, 438, 447, 448, 468, 471, 472, 478 ELOM i gese seas bse oeers seeseeees 66, 117 Abies amabilis... . 510 Anacylus Pyrethrum - 273 - foliage ...... pete e teen eeeee 416 of the Michigen Agri- Apollinis . Str Anchusa Barretieri. . 216 fruits in the Pines.. . 470 cultural College.. = balsamea .. . 510 Andrews, D. M., article by. ses, 08 protection of plants . - 475 Botany of some southern. swamps, Cephalonica . es SIE Anemone. Japonica albaziace 7395» 415 work among trees... + 429 notes on the sinisss0e.0cs son's Hea 52 514 RPE Cilicica . 207, SII nemorosa Robinsoniana.. 196 Azalea Indica...... tees «. 128 Bougainvillea Sanderiana........ 16, 392 concolor 23, 510 occidentalis Spain ecisees Ae) Respipior: . 226 Bouvardia, treatment of old plants of 178 firma... .2. 510 Pulsatilla... +177 Vaeeylivnccaeswea ly ... 463 Bowenia spectabilis beers Jigvestynct 22 Fraseri 2. §10 sylvestris + 208 Azaleas, Cultivation Of ...s-sseceees 156 Box Elder in Utah, the 357 — grandis 38, 510 umbellata..... - 217 trees in Bartram Garden . 498 omolepi ++ §10 Angelica atropurpurea aia + 273 Brachycome 1beridifolia.. 316 Hudsonica . Ran cro Angrzecum sesquipedale ... 78 Bradley) David E., article by 2 Feces: 209 lasiocarpa... . 28, 53, 510 Annuals at Cornell University, tests B - William L., memorial to. ee 340 magnifica. 510, 517 Off tee eis atnwee sss ss som Pacer 158, 425 Brassicas, the cultivated Mariesii. rome a some showy: - 374. Baccharis halimifolia.... Brianthus empetriformis : nobilis...... 510, 517 Anoda acerifolia... + 346 Baden-Baden, notes trom Britton, Prof. W. E., articles by.... 107, Nordmanniana. 2 grr Anoiganthus brevifloru Bry¢. , 194, 326, 456 Numidica .... 512 Anona Cherimolia.........-..-..++- 10 Bailey, Prof. L. H., articles by .... 169, Brookline, Massachusetts, notes ectinata..... . 531 Antennaria Parlinii . - 284 248, 316, 322, 391 EOIN sisjos, canals bese's pidlese't.e alate 117 eginae-Amalize _ 5tr Anthemis tinctoria.. 288 Savicitcheticdal Browallia speciosa major .......-- 32 religiosa ....... + 510 Antholyza fEthiopica : eve 236 AWaTded (0 cxsk tae eee Saisie a's 60 Brown-tail moth, the...... 281, 298 eres cmers e. CrocosmOides «2425-50000 5% Netty Baker, E. G., article by.. 244 Brunsfelsia latifolia. 36 2s — Shastensis . . 184, 516 Anthracnose of black ap aa +. 250 Bamboos, diseased. 41g Bu ddleia variabilis.. 404 MBENE Sibirica: sence are Leese 230 515 Anthuriums, cultivation of . em hardy, at pee 378 Bulb, definition of a..... 154 the nomenclature of.... .... 239 Antirrhinum Orontium. . in Florida... 147 Bulbophyllum Dayanum...... 3 54 Veiltchiliecsencsos suet ... str Antirrhinums, cultivation of . Bambusa argentea . 143 Bulbs, hardy, cultivation of, in Eng- venusta . . 510 Apera arundinacea arundinaria . 148 land (ceca - Cesstrum elegans........... tea 80 Ol ssendaueticaniaamikyeetccenes sais 318 Daphne Cneorum..117, 180, 197, 207, 336 Vegetables Grown in the Open Chamberlin, John, articles by...238, 466 Cornell University, notes from..... 158 Genkwa isvsi sass epee 187 Air. Henry Dreer............. 159 Cheilanthes, species of, in Califor- tests of plants at ..158, 425 Mezereum, white - flowered Water Garden, The. William lA Waiyds ease aeeetearcean rs ieees 146 Cornus acuminata qcssc Ficus, creeping species of elastica, cultivation of. radicans variegata.. species in California Figs, fresh. Fir, the Colorado Silver the Shasta. the Siberian. . Fires, forest and prairie, in Minne- sota.. Firs, nomenclature of. the Silver. .:.... Fir-tree oil as an insecticide . Fittonia Verschaffeltii............-+ Flatbush, Long Island, nursery notes EEO Mimaieeaicleniaaceies aieicieicic taste cess Flood in Mississippi Valley, effects Flora of Ukiah Valley, Cal., the... Florida, bamboos in.... . doa oeqanon freeze inert: heeds nce: scarcity of summer fruits in two years after the great AVCOZEMMM cinelnesdis velsciv'encuiccde tele Florilegium Harlemense......... Flower and fruit mission, New York garden notes...... ACRGOBS 267, industries of southern France and Paris.... seeds, sowing......... . show at Boston, spring Sense . Index. Flower show in New York City Hall 249 Flowering plants, notes on..... 308, 466 Flowers, a wholesale market for cut. 189 cut, arrangements of .83, 93, 103, 356, 360 TON WINTEr eae se cet ee +. 288 hardy, at the Farmers’ Club. 199 in New York, low prices for. 200 SOMOE AULUM Mess odie oe weiccese Cjalp bees 104, 131, 197, 19 the massing of wild — wild, of early August. September. winter greenhouse...... Flowery byways.......... Foliage, autumn colors in. Food supplies in New York, Force, Cynthia, article by.. Forest destruction in New Hamp- SNIne Meets tics ce ssvaag Neen bse Forest fire laws in Minnesota. fires in Minnesota..... gardens of Germany. *s legislation, the latest......... ownership in New York state 21 planting in Nebraska, pro- POSedt cec.ce0% os 49 preservation. #6 218 reservations, national. 22080; 8x; IOI, 129, 131, 150, 161, 291, 490 in southern California 426 resources in Minnesota...... 109 trees in Nebraska 48 Forester, The, publication of. 508 Forestry Association, the Ameri ican, meeting of..........see0+ 327 398 518 in New Jer: : in New York..... in Pennsylvania . . in women’s clubs.. legislation, bulletin on. 467 proposed, in Washing- OTe eeteletelateyeies. ove nieie ele) efasa\aisiewis care aielera r10 private and state........ 232, 242, 252, 262 Society organized in North Carolina eacce ss s.aee gsiscsewlenes ee 438 station at Santa Monica, notes TOM on eciani declan cone Hiamebe 341 traveling library = «+ 407 HorestSiinAuistralia..-sre:.scccessss 190 in south Africa, destruction of 249 influence on farming........ 378 == on temperature.... . 250 of Alaska, the......... «« 370 of Pennsylvania, the. . 88 Fothergilla Gardeni.......... + 210 Foxes in parks near Boston eos 388 Foxgloves, cultivation of...... 278, 287 Frames, cold, winter care of. Franceschi, ibe article by..... Franciscea confertifolia Fraxinus Oregona ..... Pennsylvanica lanceolata Freesia refracta alba..........se008 136 Freesias, cultivation of Frost, protection against.. +90, 361 Fruit enterprise in California, co- operative... 398 Growers’ ‘Convention, ‘National 108 growing in Arkansas....... 376 in’ MiSSOUrT ss v2 scien 386 in northern New Eng- HAUNT pe ieel 0 cs laleisde'al pecumipvarsie ainje eve cermin in western New York. 59 in England... 30, 100, 328, 344, 404 the thinning on Sewanee vie do trees, fall planting of arr flowers of..... sax TAG Fruits, catalogue of. 508 ied .....-.-5 30, 90 aes ae 80 40 88 Fuchsia aac Peer nicrcer hind 174 G Gachelin, Jules, article by Pease aa bem 164 Gaillardia grandiflora. 16 Galanthus, speciesand \ varieties of. 945 104 Galinsoga parviflora......++++.++++ 313 ee pec ete: aaa ama3xs a sseciene 314 CAlenay, we B. hiey “articles by... 293, 297 Galtonia candicans.....-.e.sseeees 316 Ganong, William F., article by..... 512 Garcinia Mangostana, the fruit of.. 464 GARDEN AND Forest, discontinuance Late aisicisiaiajsisio e's dsisla cpa we amaleerne 518 Garden, contrasts in an old. sess design ....-eeeeeeeeee oes E2K for children, a. Brissy in June, the flower. eee 256 in July, the flower.......++++ 267 in relation to the house, the.. 132 John Evans and his...... 182, 198 notes in April sere 156 products, railway rates in England........-. as 13 seeds, tests with............. 100 spring, preparation for the.. 16 Garden, The, dedication of fifty-first VOlUME Of cscs ensececctocsves ce 282 the hardy flower..... ++ 193 theTOCK cccieeasisain- ssceee see 207 Gardeners’ examination for public parks... sae, 30 Gardening in May...--- -. 178 spring, in London.... ue xO Gardens for public schools - 278 - Madeira, in winter. . 33 — public, in England. 13 sculpture in. +. II2 Gelsemium sempervirens. sis 278 Genista scoparia.. : +. 366 Genistas in California, exotic. e255 Gentiana acaulis.....-,.-.-.: + 225 Geranium sanguineum . ++ 256 the Tvy-leaved/saceecies =~ cist. 8 Gerard, J. N., articles by +26, 66, 78, 104, 126, 137, 147, 157, 167, 188, 199, 206, 217, 226, 228, 238, 245, 248, 267, 204, 314s 322, 352, 304, 307. 380, 395, 404, 435, 474, 470 erbera JAMESONI......cccsteeseees 436 Gifford, Mrs. John, address Bye see 406 Ginkgo biloba.. slaenteraleis ++ 390 in Kansas.. 23 Ginseng, commercial importance of 253) 42 Gladioli, cultivation of............. 364 Ny Dridss face saccesssivce™ - 335 Gladiolus, Victorialis strain o ° 277 White Lady......... 3 322 Glasgow, parks in...... minis areie200 Glees, Arthur Ogden, art 288 Gleichenias, cultivation Wyte eyais sieeve Globularia trichosantha.. ......... vulgarisS....s...60 Gloneria jasminoides. Gloriosa superba........ Gloriosas, cultivation of...... Gloxinias, cultivation of..27, 8 Glyptostrobus pendulus...........+ Godetia, species of....... a Goff, Prof. E. S., articles by.. Goodale, D. H. R., articles by..387, 455 Goodia pubescens. sists lab elni=i= cic s1« ulsieie s 254 Gooseberries, American. 240 cultivation of....... 345 Gorman, M. W., article by. 263 Grabham, M., article by..... ay Grammatophyllum speciosum 362 Grape Hyacinths.. 177 the ideal.. es+ 122 Grapes, adaptability of varieties to SOUS aiecterniwictectetetegaats steechinie eas s8 378 keeping quality Of. 468 Grapevines, native, tor ornamental planting......... 20 Grass beds, ornamen 24 Greene, Prof. Edward L., articles DYiceceicveisteste seceets seaccane 119, 188 Greenhouse cultivation for ama. LOUIS sou scnacceeieean= siesees 500, 474 NOLES sects lemsise aioe «+56, 257, 286 plants, winter-flowering....36, 56 shading, removal of.......-. 117 work in January.. 26 - in March.. 87 Greenhouses, arrangement of plants filme oi dihs Honcos dseoc CoMereee Ee 67 Greyillea robusta. 16 Gum-trees of Austral 280 Gunnera manicata.... c 16 SCAbIra sissies suseleteisia, shia tO Gymnogramme triangularis........ 146 Ho Habenariacarmeateeasemesr s)'..nssia8 24 fii btlata stem aselstec 83* Halsted, Prof. Byron Da articles by... +236, 257, 278, 335 4175 436 Hamamelis Virginica.. carS7, Hamburg exhibition, the.. .-- 200, 391 Hamilton, William, trees planted dive eecspecesevecsicas visucceerces 488 Hansen, George, articles by.... 95, 102 Hardiness, plants of doubtful...... 405 Hardy plants, notes on ..... 24, "96, 176, 193, 196, 237, 288, 325, 340, 415 wintering in Vermont. 308 Hardy, Paul Le, article by......... 18 Harrington, A., article Dysarts ef bei 86 Harshberger, Dr. SGA miele by. 48, 182 Hatfield, T. D., articles by. 16, 35, 57, 65» 78, 117, 127, 135, 158, 197, 207, 216, 226, 237, 245, 286, 288, 297, 306, 317, 335, 336 355, 350» 365, 375s 394, 395» 405» 425» 434» ; 436, 476, 495 Hawthorns, the American........-- 116 Hay, G. U., article by.... ot PR} Hedeoma pulegioides .. + 365 Hedrick, U. P., article by = 53 Helianthus multiflorus. + 395 orgyalis.. ~ Oo Helichrysum diosmzefolium + 255 rosmarinifolium..... + 264 Heliconia aurea striata. 118 illustris....... 24 Heliopsis Pitcheriana........ + 322, 336 Vv Helleborus niger ss os sncie oi cosine 273 and varieties 46 Hemerocallis aurantiaca.. ajor ..... . os 24 flava. » 240 fulva . 57, 306 hybrid . 280 Hemlock, forms Of ......csessseees 490 Henry, Dr. Augustine, articles by. 172, 182, 461 Herbaceous perennial plants.. 284, 307 plants, early-flowering. se 227 Herrington, A., articles By - 45 193 Hibiscus Manihot . ++ 392 mutabilis.... . - 154 Sabdariffa . 10 Syriacus ... 2, 356 Hicoria pallida ...... 304* Hickories, American . + 116 Hieracium aurantiacum.. 314 Higginsia discolor... ....... 77 TEPALID Vanes ns cas sada:sia Bs Moe, Hill} Rey,(H.);, aruicle DY cseasessce 331 Hippeastrums, hybrid .... 159) 186, 194 species and varieties . - 166, 174 Hoar-frost, nitrogen in. Pane Hodgsonia heteroclita . 134 Hogg, Dr. Robert, death of . +e 130 Hoitt, C. W., article by. 347 Holly, European, doabttul *hardi- TESS Of. veisisien'e’s sss esiewstelsee's Hollyhock, the Allegheny. Hollyhocks, cultivation of. Home grounds, the planting of.. I, 320, 339, 3491 35%» 376 306, 417, 504 Hone 7 free the Bush, at the Ar- nold Arboretum)? .cc0ccecscsies ec 227 Hoodia Gordonia 76* SPeCClES OE. si cieesess: 76 Hops, crop of, in United States - 388 Horner, L. F., article by....... 98 Horsford, F. i, articles by» 96, 308 Horticultural department of Berea Colleren wpagacma sereee cys ceca 418 education. 2, 89, 107, 168, 303, 496; enterprise in England ....... a7 Society, meeting of Western New Vorltsissce sce ccs: eceeses 58, 68 the Royal, annual meeting of... 84 the Royal, journal of.. 372 work in University of Ver- Horticulture at the Tennessee Cen- tennial Exposition .............-- during Queen reign, progress LT iin es eieea = ec need of specializing in . school of, at Versailles . Hoskins, T. H., article DYy-octecaisle House plants, decorative... Hunnemannia fumarizfolia. . Hunnewell, H. S., article by. . Hutchinsia alpina.......... Hyacinths, good varieties o: Roman, cultivation of Hydrangea paniculata..... petiolaris radiata . Hydrangeas, cultivation of Hydrastis Canadensis. .. 254, 365 Hydrolea spinosa. 347 Hydrophyllum Virginicum. sri 239 Hymenosporum flavum 255 Hyophorbe amaricauli 385 Hypericum aureum... 306 galioides : 432* lobocarpum ....eececcsesees 452* I Tex plabra..cscevecseee eeberaeenaee 47t laevigata + 471 opaca.. 471 verticilla «+0137; ere 2478 Imantophyllum cy rtanthifloram.. 36 dean Si cultivation of. Immortelles.. Janesis Impatiens auricoma .. Incarvillea Delavayi .. —— variabilis.. India rubber plants cu d the flora of British. = Insect diseases of plants, “quar an- tine AGAINST ives saiesea ease Insecticide, fir-tree oil as an Insect-pest, an..... in M Insects, affect of temperature on hi- bernation of injurious............ 348 in the garden 386 proposed legislation against 108 stored grain damaged by.... 40 teachers’ leaflets on......... 250 the influence of environment on the life history of............+ 334 winter work against. 60 Ipomoea Brigesii....e...eee + 64 fastigata... - 462 pandurata . 287 vi Ipomcea purga....... rubro-ccerulea. Iris albo purpurea..... ——~ Assyriaca..... ——— Bosniaca. ... Caucasica... ~ > cristata... fulva.. fumosa eeeseecereeses 273 Hartwegii.... 95 hexagona and vat 248 histrio. 57 Hookeri. 226 Japonica.. Egeaes 107 Kerneriana........ 245 laevigata, hybrids of. 267 La Mancex.siesss 290 Leichtlini 308 Lusitanica.. 238 — Missouriensis . - 226 ochroleuca..... + 245 orchioides.. 167 oxysepala..... FA 216 pallida Dalmaticz 226 ——- prismatica.. 248 seudacorus . 226 POPdlis sc tissccicisesseeesns 518 Robinsoniana. . 381 Rosenbachiana..........-+++ 126 —— Sibirica flexulosa.. 226 — hzematophylla 226 Sindarensis..... 167 aaa en 277 VETNA ccc cccessccccesn centers 216 liises, early.. +94, ie 167, 206, 217 English. eaecens 267 in May..csccccses coons 189, 226 in June '» 245, 267 Japanese 267, 270 Spanish........--eeseeesee- ee 238 Irrigation in humid climates... 30 Islands of Lake Champlain, the. . : 93 Italian market in New York ‘ Ixias, cultivation of ......+....-+ vee 277 J Jack, J. G., articles by.. 62, 154, 204, 274, 304 Japanese Morning vies bes 317 Jewel-weed for cutting .. . » 376 ‘Jones, Beatrix, article by . 132 Jordan, L. C. L., articles by 326 Juniperus Chinensis........ esees 42E COMMUDIS ssa ccccsnccenaas 410 — varieties of.... 53, 410, 411 CoNferta....c. sscecceccceecs 41r — drupacea. 410 Japonica + 421 oblongo-pendula . « -4Iz ——-— procumbens ...... « 423 recurva squamata. + 421 PIG cess pesaae ss + 411 —— Sabina queers oaek * 421 — procumbens 28 ~——s opulorum ......... i 420* Virginiana. 23, 142*, 168, 178, 198, 420, 421 pendula, and other var- BOHR OF 5 os sp dhcay lc ind dedawis iene 421 Kains, MauriceG., articles by.. 38, 117, 36, 380 Kalanchoe flammea.. : Keffer, Charles A., attices by. 88, Kennedy, P. B., article by..escesees Kew gardens, earlier opening of... 3 Hand lists ......-ceese0 317, 324 Kinney, L. F., article by a6 337 Kniphofia Nelsoni..... + 395 primulina . 74 Lysoni . i, 424 Keelreuteria paniculata. 49, 290 Krameria triandra Kutschbach, Robert A., article by.. 417 I, Labels, plantyssiscessesveveses Lachenalia isopetala IN GISON Iss sc55 acc sade ca’ Lachenalias, cultivation of.. 76 WesliAMUCASIa Tia. cassie ge.) dubwaeeed PUM la soc csp wac ese -_—— Gatton Park . tenebrosa in the flower bares 193 —— —— principles ot. 5 the HEldtOhy .eewsanssee effect of exotic strubs in the. 38 gardener and his work, the.. 282 work of, for future RHECU sd eiwctsaees cube ciesess sate gardening. Index. Landscape gardening, an experi- IVETE A Ms-0.5:os cles ds mc e.s.05.6 viele elevints 504 art and nature in a in parks. isess.es the art of... 49 — use of shrubs in. L Lapageria, species of. ....... 237 Laportea Canadensis . 423 Larch, the European, 23 Larix Dahurica ..... 501 Griffitbii . 501 Keempferi 317 larcina: .ss. « A 501 Larix and varieties 500 leptolepis 501 —— Lyallii... 501 occidentalis ... 501 asiandra macrantha 554: Latania Commersonii.. 385 Lathyrus latifolius palustris ..... rotundifolius splendens...... 153, 243, 300, 368 Lazenby, Prof. William R., eile bys: - 258 Leaf- spot of pear .. #8 73 Learned, Ellen E., article by 376 Leaves of abnormal colors, use of trees and shrubs with............ 301 Leea amabilis splendens - 484 Leeks, cultivation of .......... «= 206 Legislation against plant pests . 281 FOLESE «a sc sade vive sevsiviene IOI in Washington, sip Satine for- estry.. ee IIO proposed, against insects. - 108 Leichtlin, Max, articles by. 57, 167, 217, 277; 424 Veitch medal awarded LCOMeS eT Ce Ei arte or eegae, 60 Lemmon, J. G., article by Rae Leptosyne maritima ...... Leschenaultia biloba. + 214 Lespedeza striata . » 465 Lettuce, cultivation ont >) 32 Leucojum eestivum .... 196 Leucosceptrum canum. . 461 Leucothoé racemosa... 137 Liatris spicata.......... 274 Libocedrus decurrens 442 species of.. 442 Libonia floribunda . ss 36 Licorice-root ..-...-. + 254, 268 Licuala grandis ....... - 118, 385 Ligustrum, species Of..........+06. Lilacs at the Arnold Arboretum... propagating ......s.s.e+ 208, 217 their use in gardens.... Lilies of the Pacific coast. 4, 144, 326, 467 Eilium albund isi siactete suse ne, aoe auratum ... —— giganteum 9 Harrisii.... 139, 157, 355» 392» 415 diseased bulbs ot..... 160 Henryl ise ieee cenaees as 310, 365 Humboldtii and allied spe- lancifolium roseum .. longiflorum, 27, 139, 2 pardalinum ——_ parviflorum ... parvum .... superbum, a form of..... Lily-bulb disease, a. + 297, 371, 414 Limbs of trees, the support OLsbae% are Linaria Dalmatica ses 300 Lindens, the American. ss 556 Lindera Benzoin....36053. Pots 237. Lithospermum tinctorium. 204 Lithrzea molleoides..... ae 255 Livistona Jenlcinsii. + 385 rotundifolia... Lobelia fulgens Victori 306 Syphilitica......csscacececies 376 Locust, the Black. 56, 357 Loganberry, the.....- Lomaria ciliata grandis............ BIDS vsas aces cs Lonicera gracilipes... Hildebrandiana . . pardtiors Dougiasii... species at the Arnold Arbore- Lowe, Prof. V. H., artic’ Lowrie, Charles H., article tp ‘a Lucuma mammosa, fruit of........ Luehman, J. G., appointment Oats Lumber injured by Mississippi Lupines, the feo 16 Lupinus Lyalli.. 53 Lychnis Flos- cuculi. 207 Lycoris squamigera . fe 408 Lygodium i alana i Be Lythrum Salicaria............. 296, 411 MM Machilus Thunbergii.... ........+ MacMillan, William, trea mentot Macrozamia spiralis Madeira, gardens of, in winter..... Madrona, the.. -83, 283 Magee, William, Jr. ‘articles by. T7027 Magnolia tuscata. neans Sean eegresemie (24a glauca.. a0 0e4O2" 475 Magnolia bypeleueey macrophylla.. Stellatacscsncans case Magnolias, early-flowering Maize and Teosinthe, notes hybrid of 48 Malva moschata.... 306 Mammea Americana........... 498 Mangoes in New York markets.... 50 Mangosteen, the fruits of...... «+ 464 Maple sugar in Vermont 179 the Sp Ps ie 115 the Scarlet . 115 the Swamp.. 115 trees, damaged | foliage ¢ of wood, uses Of....... Maranta arundinacea. Sanderiana.. Marguerites, cultivation o 107 Markets, characteristic New ‘York, 310, 68 Marsh plants in West Virginia .... 256 Massachusetts paces of Public Reseryations, the.. +» 369 Masse, G., article by... + 414 Maurandia Barclaya.. 8, 16 epee Cambrica.-....-.. 316 Medical uses of plants of United States. ssesaatereeenecess e wbawces 398 Meehan, Joseph, articles by.... 97, 159, 189, 217, 228, 277, 336, 356 Thomas, articles by. 198, 35% 387 Megacaryon orientale sees 44 Merodon equestris, PCStshieayeuen tees cre acs gee TAS Mespilus grandiflora. weiss 34 Mexican travel, notes Sie ice aves 42 nee Agricultural College, ag tanic Garden! of the:....06 Sscss0s May flowers in southerr Mignonette, cultivation of..... 1286, 325 Miller, Wilhelm, articles by. 425, 454, 465, 86 Mimulus, cultivation of........ Cf os Minneapolis, park system of + 162 Minnesota, forest fires in ... 30 forest resources of. « 109 Pines’ iny.cces sacs « 130 Mirabilis Jalapa....... 16 Miscanthus, species of «+ 422 Missouri Botanical Garden, facili- tles for stud yinjiwinrtcstincevs st 220 prepased en- largementOl thersiisescce serene 213 fraits ins... “366, 375» 386, 388 notes from.. 386 the swamps “Of south-eastern. 370 Mitchella repens, at Mlodziansky, A. K., articles by.... 172, Moisture, conservation in soil...... 49 Momordica mixta........0..e00.0+5 462 Monarda didyma.. varieties of.. hybrid ors’ Mathenetetsiteie's 459 Mormodes_ ladium.. A 54 Morse, A. D., article by. 27 Moth, the Codling.. 336 Mountain Ash, Chinese. 454 climbing... p73 Munson, Prof. W.M. 5 article, by-. 2 T. V., article by 122 Muscari neglectum.. +» 196 species and varieties of. 106, 167 Mushrooms, cultivation of..37, 158, 220, 435. 404 _ POISONoUSscs.wawepernia nen. 469 Myrica Caroliniensis * 472 species of Re X37, Myrlophylin: proserpinacoides... 16 N Neegelia cinabarina........... sees 87 Neegelias, cultivation of..........+. 454 Narcissi, cultivation of.. 197, 250 hybridizing.. +» 282 in England....... aioe 27S 154, 328 154" teen ee ++ 204 SouthernStarjyssssectseescss. 154 Native plants for ornamental plant- esc evase. 00349, 370 the improving fence + 359 Natural beauty in urban parks..... 251 features of landscape, preser- Vation. OF Le ccincieiwicsteearats belies wai 231 Nature studies in public schools.150, 151 study, teachers’ leaflets on... 250 Nature’s own domains, in...... ..- 416 Naudin, Charles, Veitch medal Awarded tO...c0ccsssacccsssassnes 60 Nebraska Plains, are ihe trees re- GEdIng: from. i.e wewaleiselsieiaireloriae 450 - State Horticultural “Society, the meeting Of vc. cscs ere Pins ciate 48 Nehrling, H., articles by... 186, 194 Nelumbiums and hardy Nymphzeas 127 Nemesia strumo0sa.c.cssscese soceue_ (24 Nemopanthes fascicularis sisieres 257; Nepenthes, cultivation of..... . 5 Nepenthes in England ....... ssisinrae B02 Mixtaystest ee usc Gskiae Nephrolepis cordata compacts. exaltata 2. nie eivivie 80 Arizona, notes on the.. Se Bee uae Pontederia crassipes.. oe 79 Rhus, species of.. + 137 maintenance 271 Pitch, the dur: ability ‘of 258 Poplar, the Lombar' dy, in Beicte) trichocarpa. 384* making Sane + 489 the Corsican ikieiee Pe ge ee Poppies in Ma wists + 216 Ribes Cynosbati.... 240 — ‘as a national art. .. ar the; Whites ves cnet ee 118, 188 Populus alba olieana 22 erythrocarpum. : se kone system of Greater Boston, the 2 in Pennsylvania... 92, 142, angustifolia.... 28 occycanthoides. . eee 240 systems of Minneapolis and ane 272 balsamifera.. ... 40 Richardias, cultivation of. 277, 415 St. Paul, Minnesota, the.......... 162 is it doomed.... ets) tricocarpa.......-... 2 yellow-flowered ...... 60, 34, 203 the true purpose of a large cecological notes upon 33t Porcher, Dr. Francis Peyre, sketch Ridgway, Robert, article by.. + 504 POU DLicteeselseteseiaclesetai-/sicteie +++. 212 Pines, autumn flowers and fruits in OF the life of Quercus lobata, grove near Visalia, D Oak in the Arnold Arboretum. 314, 315 Californias: aeseec 55 Oaks, White, view in a grove near in the ‘Ukiah Valley, Dock park, a suggestion for a...... 253 Visalia, California .............2. 55 Californiass<..cssers +... 202, 205 Willow pest,a. ..... toiaiaialele aia ole 394 January 6, 1897.] GARDEN AND FOREST. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE GARDEN AND FOREST PUBLISHING CO. Orrice: TripunE Buitpinc, New York. Conductediby s 9. 4s .. ss « « s « Professor C..S. SARGENT. ENTERED AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER AT THE POST-OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. Y. NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 6, 1897. TABLE OF CONTENTS. EpirortaL ARTICLES :—Patton’s Spruce. The Planting of Shrubberies An Outline of a Course in Horticulture. Mhree Natural, Parks ise eacrs oelaiien es. 3 Prant NoTes :—The Lilies of our Pacific Coast..............- seseee Carl Purdy. 4 Cutturat DeparRTMENT:—Notes on Cypripediums................ A. Herrington. 4 WNepenthesicciniste cieasens ce snde entre sewes se | William Scott. 5 Hints on Propagation... +-.W. HL. Taplin. 7 Climbing Plants for Indoor Decoration......ssscssee vest eveees Ff A. Don. 8 CorRESPONDENCE :—Dendrolene.... .-..05.2 cece e cece eeee Professor F. B. Smith. 8 IRECENT PUBLICATIONS «<0. ces s'ecesie.eis secs. 9 INOTES Soe siotea sve cists se cea sis sa siniace sie cc ceieisecee 5 - . 10 ILLUSTRATIONS :—Patton’s Spruce, Tsuga Pationiana. on Afouut Ranier, Fig. 1. 6 Patton’s Spruce on Mount Ranier, Fig. 2 Patton’s Spruce. Y the increasing number of travelers who explore the high mountains of the Pacific states, which are its only home, the lovely Mountain Hemlock is now usually known as Patton’s Spruce. Perhaps best considered a Hemlock, this tree differs from other Hemlocks in its long, narrow cones and in its more acute leaves usually keeled on the upper surface, and its bilobed pollen grains; and in general appearance it is one of the most distinct and beautiful of the North American conifers. Tsuga Pattoniana, as botanists call this tree, was discov- ered only about forty-five years ago near Mount Baker, in northern Washington, by the Scotch collector Jeffrey,and was named out of compliment to George Patton, a Scotch lawyer, who was given to the cultivation of exotic trees, and was one of the subscribers to the fund which enabled Jeffrey to explore the forests of north-western America. Patton’s Spruce is now known to range from Alaska, where it grows at the level of the sea, southward along the mountain ranges of British Columbia, west of the conti- nental divide, the two slopes of the Cascade Mountains of -Washington and Oregon and the California Sierra Nevada, where probably on the upper waters of some of the tribu- taries of King’s River it finds its most southern home. It is a tree of high altitudes, and, except at the extreme north, it is found only near the timber-line, forming with Pinus albicaulis and Abies lasiocarpa extensive forests. Patton’s Spruce is a tree of marvelous grace, with droop- ing branches clothed with thickly clustered leaves, abun- dant elongated narrow cones, which hang on slender spray-like branchlets, and on some individuals are bright purple, and light yellow on others in the same grove. The foliage, too, differs in color, being on some trees dark green and on others light blue-green, a peculiarity which has led to some confusion of nomenclature, the blue-leaf form often appearing in gardens as Tsuga (or Abies) Hookeriana. Patton’s Spruce grows in the greatest perfection on the slopes below Crater Lake, in the Cascade Mountains of southern Oregon, forming here extensive and nearly pure forests, in which individual trees one hundred feet high, with stout massive stems five or six feet in diameter, are Garden and Forest. I abundant. Such a growth is probably not exceptional, and this tree is abundant and conspicuous at the timber-line of Mount Hood, Mount Ranier, and on the Selkirk and other mountains of British Columbia. On Mount Ranier, with Abies amabilis and Abies lasiocarpa, it forms a large part of the forest growth, growing above the banks of glaciers in great luxuriance. Some idea of the upper forest-belt on Ranier can be obtained from our illustrations in this issue; that on page 6 displays the snow-covered summit rising 8,000 feet above the timber-line, with scattered trees of Patton’s Spruce on the slope in the foreground, and in the illustration on page 7 the trunks of this tree are dis- played in more detail. In Washington and Oregon Patton’s Spruce grows at eleva- tions of from 5,000 to 6,000 feet above the sea-level, but farther south the timber-line is carried higher, and John Muir, who describes this tree in his Mountains. of California as the ‘most singularly beautiful of all the California conifers,” found it growing on the Sierras up to 10,000 feet altitude ; and on the edge of Lake Hollow, at an elevation of 9,200 feet, measured a trunk nineteen feet.seven inches in circum- ference at four feet above the ground. “No other of our alpine conifers,” he tells us, “so finely veils its strength. Its delicate branches yield to the mountain’s gentlest breeze, yet it is strong to meet the wildest onsets of the gale—strong not in resistance, but in compliance, bowing snow-laden to the ground, gracefully accepting burial, month after month, in the darkness beneath the heavy mantle of winter. Every tree-lover is sure to regard it with special admiration. Apathetic miners, ever seeking only gain or gold, stop to gaze on first meeting it, and mutter to themselves ‘That is a mighty pretty tree.’ The deer love to lie down beneath its spreading branches ; bright streams from the snow that is always near ripple through its groves, and Bryanthus spreads precious carpets in its shade. But the best words only hint its charms.” Introduced into Scotch plantations by its discoverer, Patton’s Spruce has shown that it is fairly adaptable to altered climatic conditions, and it may now be seen in many European collections, and although it has not yet had sufficient time to attain maturity in cultivation, it is an ornamental tree of much promise in several European countries. Patton’s Spruce, moreover, is one of the com- paratively small number of the conifers of the Pacific states which thrive in the east, and although, like most alpine conifers, it grows extremely slowly at the sea-level, it has for several years withstood without injury the changeable winters and dry summers of the New England climate. The Planting of Shrubberies. N furnishing small areas about modest country and suburban houses, and, indeed, fora great many other purposes in larger and more pretentious grounds, public and private, deciduous flowering shrubs are so effective in this climate that every one who wishes to plant intelli- gently should be familiar with their habits and with the proper way of disposing them. Of course, no place except the very smallest can dispense with trees, and in many places low-growing evergreens, especially the broad-leaved evergreens, can also be used with profit, But when we consider the beauty and variety of their flowers and foli- age and fruit, and the mist of soft color which hovers about their twigs in winter, deciduous shrubs are, beyond all question, the most important element in planting small grounds. This does not mean thai all shrub plantations are satisfactory, for individual plants can be dotted about a lawn in a way that is utterly meaningless. They can be used, however, so as to make a picture which has individ- uality and character, and in which every detail contributes distinctly to the general impression and helps to bring it out in a clear and well-defined way. This is an art which requires study and practice, and a bulletin lately issued by Professor Bailey, of the Cornell 2 Garden and Forest. Experiment Station, entitled Suggestions for the Planting of Shrubbery, will be found useful to novices and to many who are not altogether without experience. ‘This little pamphlet, which lays down many sound principles, illus- trated in a helpful way by half-tone pictures, shows at the outset an example of the common or nursery type of planting, in which each tree and shrub is treated as a dis- connected individual, and a contrasting one in which the same materials are massed about the borders of the same lawn so as to make a satisfying and consistent picture. The point emphasized Is that the value of the shrubbery lies primarily in the effect of the mass. and not of the sepa- rate shrubs. Illustrations are given to show how effective a natural copse may be when it stretches across a vale on the further border of a meadow, which it makes more beautiful by the mystery of its boundary. Nature’s irregu- lar planting of this sort is always interesting because of its attractive sky-line and the wonderful play of light and shadow on the masses of foliage that advance in promon- tories or retreat in quiet bays, with the greensward flowing about and among them like the waters of a lake rippling along a picturesque shore. The beauty of such a boun- dary is not fully appreciated until we study examples of another kind, and it is emphasized in this pamphlet by the picture of shrubbery in a city lot where each plant is pruned to a definite form with its outline sharp and hard, a practice which is utterly destructive of the continuous flow of form and color which makes a natural copse so delightful. Nothing is gained by planting shrubs in masses unless the plants are allowed to mingle so that the at- tention is not arrested by individuals. After this principle is established it is logical to insist on the elementary rule that for small places there should be a central open space without sharply defined limits, but with a natural or ap- parently unstudied border; that any arrangement which gives a patchy effect should be avoided, and that shrubs should be eschewed which are only interesting for their curious forms or singular colors. Now, what class of shrubs is the most desirable? Dif- ferent persons will have various preferences, but the main point is to be sure that the bulk of the planting consists of hardy and vigorous species, and for this nothing better can be chosen than many of our native species. Every planter who has room for Roses will plant them somewhere, but the foliage and habits of garden Roses are not such as give them value in a shrub border, although some of the species, like the Japanese Rosa rugosa, have distinct merit in amass. There is no fear that our wild shrubs will look common when transferred from the woods to the lawn, for they develop such beauty under cultivation that those alone who are well acquainted with them will recognize them as the natives of our roadsides and wood borders. Of course, no one can plant effectively unless he has an affectionate regard for the shrubs he uses, and any one who establishes intimate relations with nature has the tenderest feeling for the wild things that he finds struggling for life along brook- sides and in the corners of pasture lots. This is why our native shrubs are always good for homelike pictures, and although we may take some interest in the variegated foliage and the weeping habit of the sports which are for sale in the nurseries, the greatest satisfaction will come from a sympathetic use of our own wild shrubs. We commend this little pamphlet to our readers, not so much for its specific directions as for its general temper and the foundation principles which it lays down. One cultural rule, however, we are glad to see insisted on. This rule is, that in making a shrub group the holes for the bushes should not be made in the sod, but the entire area should be deeply spaded and the shrubs set in thickly. If small shrubs are set closely, say, eighteen inches or two feet apart, there will be no danger of a display of bare earth, for the whole surface will be practically covered with a carpet of green the first year. Under this plan, too, the plants can be hoed, and this stirring of the soil will [NuMBER 463. cause a much stronger growth, while just as soon as the plants begin to crowd each other they can be lifted from what is practically a home-made nursery. In this way the planter has not only a shrub garden at once, but he has a reserve garden in which for several years he can find sup- plies of the very best material for use in other places. Professor Bailey says that the man who plants his shrubs in holes in the sward does not seriously mean to make any foliage-mass, and it is likely that he does not know the value of broad masses in artistic planting. Where large shrubs have open spaces between them, some low-growing, procumbent species, like the hardy Vinca or Evonymus obovatus, may be planted, but all this is another matter. The rule for continuous cultivating in shrub groups is sound in theory, and it has proved of great advantage in prac- tice in many places. An Outline of a Course in Horticulture. HE first question which confronts every teacher of horticulture is: What shall be included in horticul- tural instruction? Shall the course be restricted to the so-called practical problems attending the propagation of fruits and vegetables, or shall it be made to include the wider field of landscape-gardening and plant-breeding, and the application of the laws of vegetable physiology ? Shall we study the art of raising plants, or shall we consider the principles on which the art is founded ? For my own part, I should not regard with favor a course in horticulture which is restricted to the mechanical opera- tions of the propagation and culture of plants. The student should know something of the origin, habits and relation- ships of plants, also of the causes of variation and the effects likely to be produced by the operations he may per- form. In other words, he should know something about plants and their amelioration, as well as something about their cultivation. For this reason, as well as to train the powers of observation, thorough knowledge of systematic, structural and physiological botany should be at the foun- dation of every course in horticulture. A knowledge of agricultural chemistry, of elementary physics and of soils is also essential, for reasons which are apparent, and this work should precede technical instruc- tion in horticulture. Accepting this view, no course in horti- culture should be offered before the junior year in our colleges. Beginning with the junior year a twelve or sixteen weeks’ course in pomology may well be introduced. The student will at this time have had sufficient training in botany to understand the necessary discussions of the distinguishing characters and the relationships of the fruits studied, while the season is favorable fora field study of orchard fruits and grapes, with special reference to harvesting and mar- keting. The propagation and culture of many kinds of — fruits may also be studied in a practical way at this time. In some sections the season will be too far advanced for budding, but the making of hardwood cuttings, and the pruning and preparing of plants for winter, afford abundant opportunity for illustration during the whole term. The subject of pomology is naturally treated under three sub- heads, viticulture, small-fruit culture and orchard culture. In some sections a fourth—nut culture—might well be added. Certain general principles may be stated which will hold in each of the divisions of the subject ; then the various fruits included in each may be treated specifically. The scheme adopted in my own work is similar to that of Bailey, at. Cornell, and is somewhat as follows: (1) Botanical ; (2) History ; (3) Importance and extent of cultivation ; (4) Culture and management; (5) Harvesting, storing and marketing ; (6) Propagation. The winter term may profitably be devoted to green- house construction and management. This course should include a careful discussion of the evolution of the modern greenhouse and of the uses and details of construction of a . {i JANUARY 6, 1897.] the various forms of forcing structures. The physics of greenhouse roofs and the principles involved in the various methods of heating, as well as the mechanical operations of building and putting in heating and ventilating appa- tatus, should receive most careful attention. So far as prac- ticable it has been found advantageous for students to visit commercial houses in the vicinity in order to make intelli- gent comparisons of the different methods employed. Practice in making designs and estimates for the construc- tion of different styles of houses is of special importance in this connection. In discussing the management of the houses, watering, ventilating, etc., the student’s knowledge of physiological botany will be of practical value. The spring is preéminently the time to take up the sub- ject of vegetable gardening. Remarks concerning pre- liminary work for the course in pomology will apply to this course. In other words, a knowledge of botany, of soils, of drainage and of agricultural chemistry should precede the discussion of vegetable gardening. The gen- eral treatment of the subject at the Maine State College is somewhat similar to that outlined for the course in po- mology. After some general notes on market gardening as a business and the extent of the industry, the leading garden vegetables are taken up in detail. As in the case of fruits, the vegetables naturally fall into several groups ; root crops, or those in which roots or underground stems are edible; Cabbage-plants, the Solanums, the Cucurbits, the Alliums, etc. In studying the different groups the general characteristics are first given, together with a dis- cussion of the distribution and relative importance of the various members. Then each species is treated in detail in the manner described for fruits. In this way the student gets a broader conception of the subject than is possible if no system be followed. In the laboratory work which forms a part of this course, the student is made familiar with the different kinds of garden seeds, with methods of seed-testing, with soils and garden imp!ements, as well as with the practical operations -of planting, cultivating and marketing. The later opera- tions may best be learned in detail when the student can devote his whole time to the work. It is questionable whether, in the regular college course, more than one term may profitably be devoted to orna- mental gardening. The leading object of such a course should be to arouse enthusiasm and a love for tasteful surroundings, with some ideas of the principles of taste, rather than to impart specific directions for the culture of certain species of plants. Naturally, the course should include directions as to the sources of information, and should, so far as possible, include practical demonstra- tions of the methods employed in managing different classes of plants. But, as a large majority of the students will be interested in this work only incidentally, it would - seem that sixteen weeks is sufficient time for both land- scape-gardening and floriculture. Here, however, as in all cases, local conditions must govern the policy adopted. I should not regard the course as complete unless at least one term were devoted to a systematic study of plant- breeding. This study would properly include a considera- tion of the origin and distribution of cultivated plants ; their variation as effected by soil. climate and cultivation ; the influence of heredity, the principles of selection, the methods and effects of crossing, etc. In such a course the student may obtain some idea of the possibilities in the direction of scientific horticulture. The remaining term of the senior year may profitably be spent in the investigation of special problems and in a study of horticultural literature. This course, as also the one in plant-breeding, would naturally be made elective. Laboratory work and collateral reading should be made important features of every course in horticulture, as it is a well-recognized fact that the student retains more lasting impressions from demonstrations than from the most care- fully prepared lectures. The laboratory work should, how- Garden and Forest. ever, be accompanied by informal discussions as thoroughly systematized as the class-room instruction, and, as far as possible, should follow the same lines as those taken up in the lectures. The foregoing notes are intended to invite discussion concerning the purpose and scope of horticultural instruc- tion, as well as methods of teaching, rather than as a con- tribution of special significance. In brief, however, my ideas on the subject are here given. p Maine State College. W. MM. Munson, Three Natural Parks. HE cities of Halifax, Truro and St. John, in the mari- time provinces of Canada, are the possessors of parks of great natural beauty, each typical of the bold and rugged scenery which prevails on the adjacent coasts, and each one almost in its natural state. Point Pleasant Park, the oldest of the three, and formerly called Tower Woods, is on a point of land at the lower extremity of the magnifi- cent harbor, stretching along the water-front and looking out upon the Atlantic Ocean. It occupies the entire southern end of the peninsula on which Halifax is built, and extends from the harbor on the one side to the North- west Arm, and comprises about 180 acres, the highest point being some 150 feet above the sea. Except for the eight miles of road built through it, and many delightful foot-paths, it is entirely covered with forest. The property belongs to the Imperial Government, but the city has a perpetual lease and free use of it on the conditions that no buildings are to be put on it, and no. wharves or traffic allowed on its shores, while the forts, of which there are several, are to remain under the control of the Imperial Government. The park is in charge of twelve commis- sioners appointed by the City Council, five of whom are permanent, the others being the Mayor and six Aldermen, who hold the position until their terms in the City Council expire. The city appropriates the modest sum of $2,500 a year for the maintenance of the park. Of course, the commissioners are not paid, but the chairman devotes much of his time to the park as a labor of love. The main effort is to keep it essentially in forest and preserve its natural features. When the park was first begun, Prince Edward, the father of Queen Victoria, did much to beautify it, and his example has been followed by other distin- guished commanders at Halifax since his time. The excel- lent roads are made chiefly by the soldiers. Except the fine iron gates at the entrance of the park, which, with considerable money to open the avenue to it, were a gift from the late Sir William Young, and a handsome keeper's lodge, in the course of erection, there is very little artificial work in this oldest of the parks of Canada. It is practi- cally a magnificent grove of trees, making a typical forest of eastern Canada. During the last few years the commis- sioners have set out many young exotic trees and shrubs, but the native species have been so well preserved and kept in such prominence that the visitor finds it difficult to believe that he is not in a well-preserved natural forest. The fine Public Gardens of Halifax are not a part of the park, but are managed by a separate board. The Victoria Park, at Truro, Nova Scotia, was founded about ten years ago, in the Queen’s Jubilee year. Its situa- tion and surroundings are romantic in the extreme. From a plateau at the top of a range of hills on the southern side of the city a stream flows down ina succession of cascades, forming a ravine which extends almost to the city limits. The stream finds its way through this ravine, now bound- ing over rocky ledges, now dimpling in foamy pools, until it enters a little glen, bordered with evergreen trees, about a quarter of a mile from the city. Here is the entrance to the park, rather sombre even on a bright October day, but when once the visitor enters the gorge the romantic beauty of the scene is one well fitted to captivate him. A path follows the windings of the stream for some distance, giv- ing new views of picturesque scenery at every turn. Here a bare wall of red sandstone towers above the path for =) 4 Garden and Forest. nearly a hundred feet. On the opposite sides of the chasm the wall of rock is broken, and from the crevices are seen hanging in rich profusion such Ferns as Woodsias, Poly- podium and Aspidiums, far beyond the reach of human hands. Here and there is some little dell, through which bubbles a miniature stream, its rocky banks covered with Mosses and Lichens. The largest of the falls has been named the Joe Howe Falls; it is about thirty or forty feet in height. On the bluff near by, it is proposed to erect a mon- ument to the distinguished Nova Scotian after whom it is named; but it is to be hoped that the projectors will change their minds and either erect the monument near the en- trance to the park or in the city. Any work of ornamenta- tion in such a picturesque place would certainly be a blot. On the plateau, 200 feet above the ravine, a carriage-road extends, encircling the outer edge of the park, and num- berless bypaths extend from this to points of vantage on the crags overlooking waterfalls, where on a bright October afternoon the visitor ‘laoks down on a scene of marvelous beauty, the gorgeous tints of Maples, Viburnums and Heaths darkened now by the sombre hue of evergreens, now lightened by the foam of waterfalls. Mount Pleasant Park, at St. John, New Brunswick, situ- ated near the city, has not yet been formally opened. It consists of 240 acres of land, some of which has been given by liberal citizens, some acquired by purchase, and some will come by expropriation. During the past two years the members of the Horticultural “Association have en- deavored in every possible way to interest citizens in the park scheme by planting the squares of the city with trees and flowers, and by holding exhibitions. When they have secured enough land for the park and have paid for it, the association proposes to hand it over to the city as a gift. It is hoped that the liberality and public spirit of these citi- zens will meet with a generous response on the part of the city government. The park site isa broken and picturesque plateau overlooking the city, intersected with ravines. A lake lies at its western extremity, from the eastern end of which a small stream finds its way over a succession of perpendicular rocks to the meadow below—forming a series of beautiful cascades about eighty feet in height. The most of the park lands so far acquired consist mainly of rocky hills and mounds covered with a growth of small shrubs, with stunted Spruces, Firs, White Birches, Maples and Cedars. The Cedars are shapely and beautiful, and if carefully handled will become one of the most. beautiful ornaments of the park, the limestone formation being well adapted for their symmetrical growth.