UMASS/AMHERST llllllll llllljj 312066 0333 3070 7 1 -■'.■^^^1 ^tf ,/^v ^V j/v:: A'/^ "--^v ^?^~¥ ^^_^s*l^f , ;i CSS r._/-!S' LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE N o .-^.SQG-t.. D ATE . . 5. r.l?_Q4 SOURCE, .C_Q. \\s^ ^— . 4r. _ TO — WILLIAM PAUL, F.L.S., THE SIXTY-THIRD VOLUME OF "THE GARDEN" Is dedicated. M" ' R. WILLIAM PAUL, founder of the Eoyal Nurseries, Waltham Cross, is a son of the kite Mr. Adam Paul, and was liorn in 1822 at Churchgate (about two miles from the present Waltham Cross Nurseries), where his father had purchased a nursery in 1806. He was educated privately, and joined his father in business iu due course. In 1847, after the death of Mr. Adam Paul, Mr. William Paul inherited his father's share in the business, and became an equal partner with his brother in the old firm of "A. Paul and Son." This firm was dissolved in 1860, the present firms of "William Paul and Son, Waltham Cross," and "Paul and Son, Cheshunt," dating from that year. In the course of a long life this famous rosarian has been associated with most of the well-known writers and workers in the field of horticulture, including Loudon, Dr. Lindley, Sir J. Paxton, Dr. Hogg, Thomas Moore, and Eobert Fortune, and has been a frequent contributor to the horticultural Press. Darwin, in " Animals and Plants under Domestication " (second edition, vol. ii., page 216), alluding to Mr. Paul's writings,, says : "How well this practical horticulturist appreciates and illustrates the gradual and accumulative force of selection." Although Mr. Paul is known as a rosarian, he has devoted much attention in the past to Fruit trees. Hollyhocks, zonal Geraniums (as introducer of the late Donald Beaton's seedlings). Camellias, Hyacinths, Rhododendrons, and other flowers, and has lectured on these subjects Ijofore the Society of Arts, the Royal Society of Literatui'e, and other learned societies. He was also one of the promoters of the first National Rose Show, held in .July, 18.58; also an active worker in the great International Horticultural Exhibition held in London in 1866, and an Associate Commissioner for the Paris Exhiliition of 1867. Mr. Paul's be.st known work is "The Rose Garden,' the first edition of which appeared in 1848, and he has written also treatises upon the Cultivation of Roses in Pots, Hollyhocks, Villa Gardening, and Rhododendrons and other .;Vmerican plants. Mr. Paul is an enthusiastic collector of horticultural books, and in his library at Waltham H'luse there are many rare editions. In his beautiful home, for many years the residence of Anthony Trollope, this gi-eat horticulturist, one of the few links between the past and present generation of horticulturists, still lives an active and interesting life. -May he long continue to do so. Vol. LXIII.] [" The Garden," Juve S7, 190S. INDEX Acacia. 84 ; dealbata, 60 ; ovata, 68 Acacias in tlower, 241 ; at Kew, 154 Acalypha hispida (sandeiiana), 3u2 Achillea acgyptica, 140 ; ageratifolia, 233 Achinienes, 357 Adonijj aniurensiB, 25, ISO Aerides, 250 -*;sculu3 parvifiora, 209 .'i'^thioiienia diastrophia, lUd A^apanthus umbellatus albus, 140; umbel- latU3 in the open, 275 , Ac;ave9. alcuhol in, 103 Ai;ricultural post wanted, an, 50 Ajuga Beneveiisis var. Hrockbanki, 243 Alders, 104 Allamandas, 130 Almanac for 1903, Thk GARDEN, IS " Alpine Flora," 324 ; flowers fur gardens, , 222, 323 ; house at Kew, in the, 74 ; shrubs ill the rock garden, 88 Alpines in pots, growing, 278 Alstra'nieria Mrs. Salter, 1 AmarvUis, 14S, 339; at Chelsea, 304; at I Liverpool, 294; Belladonna, 98; B. bulbe ' not flowering, 238 American blight, 51 Ames, Mrs. F. L., 151 Andromeda (Cassandia) calyculata, 207 Aiidrosace pyrenaica, 273 Androsaces, the, 332, 351, 370, 391 Anemone bulbs rotting away, 342 ; coronaria , fl.-pl. King of Scarlets, 353; intermedia, 244 ; japonica Queen Charlotte, 1 Aiiemonoides thalictrum, 277 Angra!cums, 250 Anguloas, 168 Annual and biennial flowers, a border of, 145 ; flowers, a chat about, 159 Annuals, 35S, 301 ; a few notes on, ISO ; for pot culture, 14S; for town gardens, 213 ; ! not much grown, 162 ; sowing, 283 ; the i use of, 331 j Anseltia africana, 250 I Anthuriums, new, 36 Aiitigonum leplopus, 100 Antirrhinum, 202 ; gluLiiiosum, 415 Ants, destruction of, 32 ; Aphelandra pumila, 329 Apoiu)geton distachyon, 3C4B Apple, a new, 265; Adams Pearmain, 62; , Allington Pippin, 132; Annie Elizabeth in March, 241 ; Armorel, a valuable late des- sert, 138; Cox's Oranpe Pippin, 62; Edwards Coronation, 33 ; Gooseberry I'ippin, 150; King Edward VII., 284; Lady Henniker, 02 ; Lane's Prince Albert, ' 62 ; Norfolk Beauty, 33, 02 ; pie, 64 ; Sandringham in the North, 34 ; supply, , our, 238; Tamplin, 33; The Forge, 11; The Iloublon, 33 Apples, dessert, flavour in. 19; in winter, Messrs. Bunyard's, 139 ; keeping, 241 ; late dessert, 225; ilarch, 160; new varieties of, 3 ; the late-flowerine, 305 ! Apple trees, cordon, 357 ; manuring stan- dard, 283 ; prunings, a use for, 35 ; i standard, 236 Apricot bloom, the early, 139 Aquatics, notes on, 278 ; two ffood. 350 Arabis albida flore-pleno, 274, 311 ; Bil- ' lardieri var. rosea, 276 Arbour day in America, 256 Ardisia crenata, 103 Aristulochia gigas, 131 Arraeria. proliferous (?), 135 Arnott, Miss, 100 Artichoke, Chinese, 96, 186; Globe, 96, 14S; Jerusalem, 96, 116 Arundinaria Simoni in flower, 303 Ashes, wood, as manure, 326 Asparagus, 234, 358; beds, 46, 167 ; earliness of, this season, 209 ; forced, at Syon, 174 ; forcing, 168 Aster acris var. nanus, 70; Amellns bess- arabicus, 70 ; Cordelia, 70 ; cordifolius elegans. 70 ; c. magrnficus, 70 ; ericoides Ophir, 70 ; e. Sensation, 70 ; Irevieatus, 70; Novi-Belgii Ariadne, 70; N. - B. Coombeflshacre Brightness, 70; N. -B. Calliope, 70; N.-B. Celestial. 70; N.-B. Daisy Peters, 70 ; N.-B. Dorothy, 70 ; N.-B. Elsie Perry, 70; N.-B. F. W. Burhidge, 70 ; N.-B. Top Sawyer, 70 ; vimiueus per- fecta. 70 Asters or Michaelmas Daisies, 70 Astilbe chinensis var. Davidii, 1 Aubrietia Dr. Mules, 387 ; Fire King, 346 Aubrietias, 319 ; some new, 343 Auricula Alexandra, 66; Firefly, 66; Rosy Morn, 66; William Henwood, 66; Yellow Gem, 347 Azalea Duchesse Adelaide de Nassau, 329 ; indica, 46 ; obtusa, 123 Azaleas, Ghent, 235 B. Babianas, 316 Baden-Baden, notes from, 126, 256, 387, 405 Bamboos, 166 ; in the south of England, 349 Bananas, increased popularity of, 103 Barberries, the. 71, 91, 124, 105 Barron, Archil>ald Farquharson, 272, 286, 305 Basic slag as manure, 238 Bath, spring flowers at, 316 Bean, Dwarf French, Early Wonder, 174 ; the Flaueolet, 4 Beans, 318, 39s ; Broad, 81, 131. 358 ; Climb- ing or Runner, 150 ; French, 202 ; Runner, 318 ; R., staking, 319 Beaumonlia grandiflora, 346 Bedding, carpet, 400 Beetroot, 202, 282; forced, Sutton's Globe, 200 BcKonia Agatha compacta, 66; Exquisite, 66; Gloire de Lorraine, 318; L., notes on, 37 ; Masterpiece, 66 ; Miss Dorothy Hard- wick, 66 ; Rex and varieties, 357 ; soco- trana, 134 Begonias at Twerton, Bath, 170 ; double and single-flowered, 300 ; tuherout., 318 Berberises, the, 71, 72, 73, 94, 124, 125, 195, 196 Bethnal Green, appeal for a garden at, 274 Biennial and aiuuial flowers, a border of, 145 Birds and fruit, 191 ; book »»n, *26 ; in our woods, the, 12; the benefit of, 352; the question of, 128 Blackberries in a Peach house, 104 Black Currant bud mite, the suppression of, 396 Bog garden, the. 146, 230 B(.ok^, 12, SO, 59, 97, lis, 166, 221, 237, 253, 306, 323. 341, 360 Borage, 220 Biirders, herbaceous, 47 Borecole Sutton's Arctic Curled, 274 Boronia heterophylla, 292, 311 ; after flower- ing, 342 Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, 51 ; our, 227 Botany, a text-book of, 414 Bothies, new. at Windsor, 412, 413 Bouvardia Kinir of Scarlets, 66, 69 Bouvardias, 166, 398 Bower, a garden, 345 Bracken, 10; an extraordinary, 147; the common, 35 Brambles climb, how, 192 Briars, the Penzance, on Manetti stock, 50 British plants, uses of, 391 Broccoli, %i% ; late, in spring, 304 ; Superb E'irly While, 51 ; Sutton's Superb Early White. 68. 87 Brockwell Paik, extension of, 154 Broom, propagating, 400 Browallia elata, 130 ; speciosa major, 35 Browne, Mr., retirement of, 103 Brunfelsia calycina, 6 Brussels Sprout Cambridge Champion, 19, 34, 68, 217 Brussels Sprouts, 220, 339 Buddleia variabilis veitchiana, 49 Bulbs, the misuse of, 291 Bullace, Langley, 33 Bull and Sons, Messrs. William, Chelsea, 61 Bullfinch problem, the, 75 Burchellia capensis, 155 C. Cabbage, crop in 1903, the spring, 190 ; curiosity, a, 182; plants and clubbing, 394; Sutton's Favourite, 310; the, under glass, 63 ; Wheelers Imperial in spring, 396 Cabbages, bolting in, 306 ; clubbed, 275, 355 Cacao in Trinidad, 175 Caladenia carnea alba, 90 Caladiums, 131. 219 Calceolaria Burbidgei, OS ; integrifolia, 170 ; the, 61 Calceolarias, 202 ; herbaceous, OS California, a note from, 155 Calla (Richardia) africana, 318 Callas, abnormal, 173 Calliandra Tweedeii, 274 Callicarpa purpurea, 282 Camellia buds dropping, 204, 207, 282 Camellias, S7, 398; in pots or tubs, 46 Campanula carpatica, 98 ; fragilis, 53 ; iso- phylla Mayii, 166 ; lactiflora, 00 ; porten- schlagiana major. 110 ; Raineri, 38 ; tom- masiniana, 142 ; Vidalii, 297 Canarina campanulata, 138 Candleberry Gale, the, 17 Canna seeds, 204 Cannas, 166 Cannell, Mr. Henry, 59 Capsicums, 282 Carnation blooms, e.xhibitiug, 68 ; Bookham White Clove, 06; Cedric, 66; cuttings, 203 ; Ducliess of Portland, C'& ; Duchess of Westminster, 66; fly, the, 32, 175; Lady ; Carrington, 66 ; Lady Hermoine, 66 ; Leo- pold de Rothschild, 272 ; Louis Botha, 66 ; The Shah, 66 ; Viscount Kitchener, 66 ■ Carnations, 167 ; border, from seed, 223; for ' the border, 252 ; for the garden, 223 ; for , winter blooming, 339 ; in the garden, 296, 313, 367 ; in the open, 212 ; Malmaison, all the year round, 322 ; M. and border, 08; tree, 80 ; winter-flowering, 57 Carpet bedding plants, some good, 367 Carrots, 80, 167 Catasetums, 251 j Caterpillars and Enonymus, 207 Cattle poisoning, 42 I Cattleya Enid magnifica, 214 ; Golden Dawn, 11 ; labiata Vera. 11 Cattleyas, repotting. 302 Cauliflower Sutton's First Crop in May, 306 ; Walcheien, 131 Cauliflowers, 186, 234, 318 Ceanothus Indieo, 49 ; rigidus, 272 Celeriac, 167, 358 Celery, 167, 220. 2S2, 358; a valuable late, 204 ; Standard Bearer, 396 Celsias in the greenhouse, 346 Centradenia floribunda, 2S2 ; grandiflora, 282 "Century Book of Gardeuiug," reissue of the, 237, 323 Cerastium tomentosum, 2 Cercis Sillquastrum, 87 Charlock in corn crops in 1902, 48 Cherries, 145, 302 Cherry growing, 408 ; trees in pots, 283 Chestnuts, Hoiae, propagating themselves by layers, 281 Chicory, 251 Chimonanthus fiagrans, 46. 87 Cbionodoxa grhndiflora, 315, 328 Chiswick farewell y 139 Chloraea criepa, the new, 410 ; Choisya leriiata, 309; in Scotland, 208 ! C'hryBanthennim Belle of Cambridge, 91 ; ; Captain Percy Scott, 200; Came, 91; compost, 117; Countess of Arran, 200; Countess of Uarrowby, 200 ; cuttings, 110 ; display at Tamworth, 329; Edith Smith, , 200 ; Exmouth Rival, 200 ; Florence Pen- ford, 2011 ; frutfscens Coronation, 91 ; Framfleld Pink, 35; F. S. Vallis, 91, 1:;7 ; George Mileham, 127; George Penfoid, 127; Gertie, 91; Gladys Giay, 207 ; Golden Gem, 18, 105 ; tlariy Perkins, 127 ; Harry Shrimpton, 91 ; Hon. Mrs. A. Acland, 200 ; Joseph Lowe, 91 ; Lady Conyers, 200 ; Leila Filkins, 91; Mabel Morgan, 60; Mme, Louise Leroy, 51 ; Mme. Paoli Radaelli, 127; Mme. Waldeck-Rousseau, 200; Mile. ' Thfei^se Panckoucke, 50 ; Misa E. Seward. 91; Miss Mildred Ware, 127; Miss Olive • Miller, 127 ; Mr. G. Rundle, Ac , 182 ; Mrs. i A. R. Knight, 200; Mis. F. W. Vallis, 200; Mis. Hariy Emmerton, 200; Mrs. J. j Seward, 91 ; Mrs. Swinburne, new late- : flowering, 18; new single, Mrs. H. Herbert, , 15; rust, 104; show, Dumfriesshire and i Galloway, 258; Sir Wm, Acland, 200; S. T. Wright, 91,200; the, hist<»ry, classifl , cation, description, and culture, 3U6 ; '■ Viscountess Cranbouine, 127 ; Viviand Morel and its sports, 68 I Chrysanthemums, 15. 220, 251,283,318,319, I 377; as shown, 3; dwarf, 238; early- flowering, 81, 139, 168; for cutting, 83, i 114 ; hardiness »if the finer ear)y-flowering, ' lOS ; late, 87 ; late yellow, 50 ; new and , promising varieties, 38 ; novelties of 1902, the most promising, 127. 200 ; planting early-flowering, outdoors, 345 ; Pompon and Pompon Anemones, 81 ; popularity of ■ early-floweiing, 365 ; propagating, 81, 208; stopping and timing, 342 ; three grand I varieties, 81 Cimicifuga japonica, 1, 149 Cineraria slellata, 224 ; a yellow, 403 | Cinerarias, 319 j CissuB discolor, 131 Clare Lawn, East Sheen, 369 Clematis balearica, 55; calycina, 35, 156; indivisa, 240 ; t. lobata, 173 Clerodendron Balfouri, 131 ; myrmeco- philum, 294 Clianthus Dampieii at Ghent, 312 ; puniceus, 111 ; p. and Roses from the open garden. 2 Clibrans, Messrs., Hale, Altrincham, 377 Climbers and creepers for all, 364A ; ever- i green, for trellis, 400; for the stove, 131, 282 ; greenhouse, 166 ; notes on half-hardy, 390 ; the use of, 42, 78 i Climbing and twining plants, hardy, 283 i Clivia cyrtanthiflora, 69 | Clivias, 265 i Cocoanut and its uses, the, 375 j Coelogyne cristata and its varieties, 302 ; not flowering, 342 Coffee, the, 77 Colchicum Bisignani, 42; Ritchii, 128 Coleus, 186, 330 ; thyrsoideus, 55,398; t. at Feltham, 50 Coleworts, 398 Colletia cruciata, 36, 15i, 371 Colour in the spiiug garden, 363 Columbines, transplanting, 241 Convolvuluses, 161 Coreopsis tenuifulia, 5(i Cornwall, notes from. 264 Correa cardinalis, 35 Corydalis thalictrifolia, 1 Corylopsis pauciflora at Kew, 174 Cottage garden shows and amateur shows, 137 Cowslips, Hoae-in-Hose, 328 Crasaula coccinea, 398 Crala.'gus cordata, 123 Creepers and climliers for all, 364A Crocus hyemaiis, 127; Impeiati, 178 Crop production in the United Kingdom, 163 Crops during 1002, the, 28 Crotons, 186, 377 Crown Imperials, 209, 294, 310, 32S, 347 Cuckoo's use, the, 352 Cucumtier, a new, 169; British King, 115; Cardiff Castle, 402; growing, 238; g. at Farnham, 101 ; Rochford's Market, 320 x, Cucumbers. 60, 80, 132, 148. 186, 236, 302; Rochford's and Carditt" Castle, 304 _^ Currants, Black, 238; enemies, the, 352 Cyclamen, hardy, 178; persicum, 80 Cycnoches, 251 Cymttidium eburneo-lowianum,340; eburneo- Lowi concolor, 250 Cypripedium, 55; Chapmanii inagnificum, 355; fairieanum hybrids, 1^4; insigne, 11 ; lawrenceanum in M. Linden's nursery, 322; parvillorum, 416; speclabile, 104, 358 CytiauB, hybrid, 314; scoparius andreaiius, 329 Daff'odil seedling, 326 Daffodils at Suibiton, 224 ; in pots, 190; in rocky ground, 315 ; Messrs. Barr and Sons', 204 Dahlia, Cactus, Albion, 111 ; Clarence Webb, 111 ; Coronation, 111 ; Etna, 01 ; Eva, 92; F. A. W^ellesley, 91 ; F. H. Ctiapman, 91 ; F. W. Balding, 91 ; H. J. Jones, 91 ; Luci- fer, 111; Mabel TuUoch, 92; Manxman, 111 ; Minnie West, 91 : Mi^9 J. Cherry, 111; Rayracmd Parkes, 91 ; Vesuvius, 91 ; Winsome, 112 ; imperialis and Pritchardia fllifera, 25; Pompon, Rosea. 112; selec- tions for special purpotes, 2S5 ; show, a Manchester, 139; D. A. M. Burnie, 112; Mrs. W. Treseder, 112 ; single, Serita, 112 ; Snowdrop, 112 Dahlias, 80, 307 ; as garden flowers, 347 ; black fungus on, 342; Cactus, a prize tor, 12{; for garden decoration, 3; judging, 256 ; increasing. 37 Daphne indica, IS; Mezereuragrandiflorum, 36 Davidia involucrata, 128 Day Lilies, 38, 52 Delphinium, a beautiful beddine. 312 ; and Larkspur, 330 ; Kitty Wardeil, 1 ; the, 263 Delphiniums, 164 Dendrobium brymerianum, 302; harvey- anum, 302 ; nobile not flowering, 326; n. var. Cattleya, 322 ; Victoria Regina, 132 ; wardianum in Glasgow, 105 ; x Thwaiteaee, 203 Dendrobiums, 99 ; propasating, 113 Diaanthus cercidifolia, 276 Dianthua Fischeri, 233 Dick, Mr. John, 118 Dierama (Sparaxis) pulcherrimum, 5 Dieramas, the, 24 Dimorphanthus mandschuricus argenteo- marginaius, 40 Diospyros Lotus, 112 Directory, the Horticultural. 190 Dowdeswell Galleries, New Bond Street, the, 258 ; water-colour drawings at the, 174 DrabaGilliesii, 243; crandifloia, 243 Draciena goldieana, 377 ; Victoria, 77 Drac.Tuas, 218 Drill Hall, notes from the, 257 Edinburgh, spring bedding at, 207 Elwagnus edulis, 112 Endive, 339 Epacris, 202 Epidendrum ciliare, 322 Epiphyllura makoyanum, 347 Sl6-o^Io INDEX. [''The Garden,'' June 27, 190S. Erantheraumgraciliflorum, 276 ; pulchellum, la, 35 Ei-anihishyemalia, 80, ISO Erica propeiideiis, :i92 Ericas, 30S Erodiura, notes on the genus, 107 Erodiums, 405 Erythronium revolutum Johnstoni, 266 Eichscholtzias, a new use for, 332 Eucharis amazonica, 71, 116, 130 ; Candida, 71 Eucrypliia piimatifolia, 2S1, 329, 365 Eulophia pallens, 132; pulchra, 132 Eulophiella peetersiana, 202 Euoiiymus and caterpillars, 207 Euphorbia jacquini.Tflora, 165; j". fulgens, 116 ; polychronia, 327 Evergreens near cities, 300; protecting, 36 Everlastings, 266 Exeter, flowers from, 173 ; gardening at, 104 Fabiana irabricata, 311 Fagus aylvatica, Paul's Gold-margined Beech, 49 Federation, National Fruit Growers', 191 Fell, William, 252 Fenn, Mr. Hubert, V.M.H., 365 Fernery, the hardy, 319 Fern garden, the, 147 Fern, the Beech, in an Irish garden, 1S3; the Hart's-tungue, 291, 344 Ferns, CO ; a note on, 55 ; hardy, 279; "The Book of British," 221 Figs, 116, 236, 318 ; in pots, 236 Flags, greenhouse, 37 " Flora and 8ylva," 240, 341 Floral awards, 320 Floriculture, home, 253 Flower bedding, 204 ; beds, 84 Flowering plantu beneath trees, 143 Flowers at the Koyal Academy, 413, 414 ; from Bedford, 2; from Dublin, 267; in Park Liue, Hyde Park, 25S ; in sleeping apartments, 293 ; tell the time, 347 Forbes, Mr. John, 50 Forcing, 202 ; by ether in France, 284 "Forest Flora of New South Wales,'* 237, 324 Fournier, M. L., 399 Foxglove, the, 186 Frankoas, specimen, 104 Freesias, well-grown, 138 Fritillaria askhabadensis, 1 ; imperialis, 294 ; pallidiflora, 294 ; persica, 315 Fritillaries, 397 Fromow, Mr. -James J., 204 Frost and fiuit crops, 272; and the fruit crop, 320; the Easter, in Devon, 293 ; the effects of the, 391 Frosts, the recent, and the fruit crops, 354 Fruit and vegetable show at Chiswick, a great, 86 ; fijrthcoming, 122; carriage of, and railway rates, 271 ; crop, the, and frost, 320 ; crops and the recent frosts, 354 ; and frost, 272 ; culture in pots, 357 ; in Southern California, 262, 284 ; from Queensland, 20b ; growing and fruit ex- poit, profitable, the Cape for, 173. 267, 388;' hardy, 186, 301, 339; prospects iu the Midlands, 386; seasonable questions about, 400 ; trees, cleansing, 191 ; grease- banding, 207 ; hardy, 46 ; lime-washiag, 20S ; old, the renewal of, 27; pot, at Gunnersbury, 409 ; planting, 84 Fruits, hardy, iu season, 11, 62 ; new, of 1902, 33; that will mature in adverse seasons, 149 Fuchsia, ihe, 339 ; flower, 342 Fuchsias, 110 ; for greenliouse and border, 140, 177, 229 Fungus on Apple shoots, 400 ; on dead wood, 400 Fankia, the, 61 Furze, the double, 328 Gentiana acaulis, a " sea " of, 328 Geranium cinereum album, 311 Geraniums, winter-flowering, 35 Gerbera Jamesoni, 5 Germination of seeds under snow, 266 Geaneras, 357 Geunis, 405 Ghent (Quinquennial Exhibition, 255, 271, 287 Gladioli, the, 339 ; and Liliums in pots, 98 Gladiolus Coronation, 17 ; Empire, 17; tris- tis var. sulphureus, 315 Glasnevin, Dublin, 227 Glass houses, a fine range of, 84 Gloriosa superba, 30, 186 Gloxinia tubers, 148 Gloxinias, seedling, 218 ; their culture, 296 Goat Willow, the, 214 Golder's Hill, Hampstead, 311 Goodyera discolor, 263 Gooseberry bushes, value of wire netting in spring over, 311 ; May Duke, a good early, 283 Gooaeberriea, 99 Gorse, the double, 314 Graftimr, 199 ; natural, 276 Grape Imperial Black, 33 ; room, 116 ; the Alicantfc, 138, 185; the Barliarossa, 11 Grapes for market, 133 ; how to pack, 149, 185 ; varieties of, 358 Grass, ground, or gravel, 277 Grasses, ornamental, 250 Greenhouse, the amateur's, 97 "Greenwich Park," 12 Grubs, 342 Galanthus species from Albania, 42 Garden, an old-fashioned, 31 ; arctic, at Kew, 176 ; a wayside, 300; a wind-swept, 64; early colour in the, 390; gossip, 310; in the shade, the, 95 ; puzzles, 5 ; round about a, 4, 56, 75, 128, 176, 197, 232, 281, 298, 352, 354, 373 Gardener, the, per se, 47 Gardeners, amateur, and cottage garden shows, 137 ; Assistant, Thompson's, 237 ; Company, new clerk to the, 18 ; dinner, the proposed, 292, 29S, 309, 346 Gardening, encouraging juvenile, 155 ; flower, in the grass at Kew, 176 ; natural, iu Surrey wilds, 55; school, at Norwich, 224 ; summer, 327 ; under glass, hardy, 153 Gardens and stillrooms, 25 ; for working men, 35 ; "Old and New," 12; on roofe, 230 ; puzzle, 285 Gardenias, 282 Garlic, 98 Garrett, Mr. Frank, 4 Garrya elliplica, 09, 117, 165, 181, 208 H. Haberlea rhodopensis, 404 Hallack, Mr. Kussell, 100 Hamamelia mollis, 35 Hampton Court, spring flowers at, 103 Hardy flowers, Christmas, 2 ; new, of 1902, 1, 17, C9 ; the bold massing of, 74 Hardy fruit culture in Ireland, progress of, 374 Hardy plant gardening under glass, 216 Hardy plants, a black-list of, 216; dividing and transplanting, 158 Harris, Mr. Fred L., 118 Haws and Holly berries, 384 Hazels, 164 Heaths from Exeter, 135 Hedgerows beautiful, 186, 350 ; destroying the Devonshire, 155 Heliconia striata aurea, 218 Hellebores, seedling, 117 Helleborus abchasicus, 138; foetidus and Caper Spurge, 24 ; niger, 266 ; olympicus, 138 Hemerocallia aurantiaca major, 273 ; or Day Lilies, 38, 52 Hepatica, anew, 135 Hepaiicas, a note on, 224 Herbaceous borders, 149 Herbarium, an ancient, 358; buildings of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 246 Herb border, the, 148, 236 Heuchera brizoides cracilUma, 1 Hibbertia dentata, 51, 14(i Hippeastrum General Buller, 112 ; Mrs. Bilney, 112; Nysa, 112; pardinum, 276; Queen Alexindra, 112 ; Sir Christopher Wren, 112 ; Sylvanus, 112 Hippeastruma, 30 Hnily, a beautiful, 36 ; the Camellia-leaved, 69 Hollies, raising, from seed, 280 ; some little- known, S Hollyhock, the, 61 Holl>hocks, notes on, 20 Hope Gardens, guide to, 166 Horticultural Club, the, 203, 270, 379 ; East Anglian, 136, 204, 360; Hall, the, 10, 42, 65; a reminder, 96; the, and "Philis- tinism," 137 ; new, 225 Horticulture at the St. Louis, U.S.A., Exhibition, 1904, 123 Hot-beds, 31 Houses, conservatory and show, 14 Hyacinths unsatisfactory, 320 Hydrangea flowers, blue, to make, 225 H)drangeas, 322 ; blue, 257 Hyde Park from an American point of view, 329 Hymenocallis raacroatephana, 377 Hypericum calycinum, 345 Iris, seedling forms of, 55 ; var. grandi- fiora, 391; Sunshine,! ; ausiana, 30, 416; Tauri. 1; tingitana, 41, 75, 143, 260; warleyensis, 1 ; willmottiana, 207 Irises, bulbous, at Kew, 104; failing, 400 ; flies in, 384; from Guernaey, 385; Mr. Caparne's hybrid, 345 Irish garden, an, 125 ; Lord Carew's, 106 Isham,Sir Charles, Bart., 269 Ivy, Poison, in New Jersey, 275 ; the Poison, 174 ; V. Virginian Creeper, 90 Jamaica, gardens of, 76, 146 Jamesia araericana, 105 Japanese gardening, 334 J argonelle Pear tree in Merrion Square, Dublin, 223 Jasmine, the, 151 ; white, 84 Jasminum nudiflorura, 117; primulinum, 274 Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, December, 1902, 118, 360 Journals, garden, 112 Judges at shows and floral awards, 275 Jungle house, a, 218 K. Kale, a good late, 347 Kalmias, 249 Kensington Gardens, flowers in, 365 Kew, alterations at, 3; Guild, the, 3, 364 B ; "Hand List of Trees and Shrubs," 51; in the days of Sir William Jackson Hooker, 402 ; notes, 16, 34, 65, 103, 137, 187, 218, 247, 303, 308, 364, 416 King, Mr. L. G., 100 Kitchen Garden, beautiful, the, 279 Kniphofia longicollia, 92 ; Rufus, 2 Kochia scoparia, 312 Krakatoa, the flora of, 138 Iberis gibraltarica, 416 Ilex camellia;folia, 139 Incarvillea Delavayi, 60 Indian planting and gardening, 123 lonopsidium acaule, 330 Insect pests, 32, 183, 396 Institution, Gardeners' Royal Benevolent, 65, 81, 208,222, 345 IrisBarnumjE, 1; benacensis, 294 ; Bucharica, 2 ; Kaempferi, 238, 244 ; Orientalia Snow Queen, 1 ; pallidafol. var., 830 ; reticulata, flowers of, 75 ; robinaoniana, 329 ; not flowering, 166 ; Safrano maffnitica, 1 ; Sirpedou, 1; sindjarenais, 177; stylosa, 178 L. Laboratory, a new botanical, 239 Lachenalia Nelsonii in baskets, 234 Lady Warwick's Hostels, Reading, 238 LffiUa anceps, and its varieties, 168 ; a. san- deriana, 113 ; Briseia, 263 La?lio • Cattleya Dora, 263 ; D. magnifica, 321; Fascinator splendens, 397; digbyana, history of, with an account of Its hybrids, 45; jongheana, 340 ; pulcherrima, 11 Lapag^ria alba, 202 ; rosea, 202 Latham. Mr. W. B., 386 Lathyrus pubeacens, 3G4A, 405 Lavatera arborea, 88; Olbia, 88; thurin- giaca, 88 Lavateras, 87 Lavender walk, a, 218 Lawns, 301 ; beautiful garden, ^2 ; mossy, 202; new, 115 Lectures, honlcuUural, OS Leeks, 30, 202, 220, 251 " Le Livre d'or dea Rosea," 414 Lemon as an income producer in California, the, 32 Lettuce, 148, 318 ; plants decaying, 384 Lettuces, forced, iu frames, 44 Leucojum cTJtivum, 150 Liatris graminifolia var. dubia, 2 Libocedrus Bidwillii, 7 ; macrolepis, 49 Lilies, fasciation iu, 108; in pots, 102 ; notes on, 102; the propagation of, 198, 242 Lilium auratum, 80, 276 ; var. macranthum, 95; Brownii var. Chluraster, 17 ; Henryi, origin of, 43 ; speciosum, natural habitat of, 156 ; speciosum roaeum, 165 Liliums, 250 ; and Gladioli in pots, 98 Lily of the Valley Vrengdenhill Perfection, 345 ; the Arum, 322 Linaiia pallida, 405 Lithospermum prostratum, 117 Lobelia, cardinalis, 131 ; syphilitica, 17 Loropetalum chinense, 192 Love-in-a-mist, seed of, 105 Lucerne, the tree, 330 Lupine, the tree, 309 Lupinus arborcus, 348 ; albua, 404 Lychnis LagascEe, 405 Lysimachia crispidens, 389 M. Mackellar, Robert, 151 Magnolias from Devonshire, 292 Mallows, the Tree, 87 Malmaisons, 339 Manures for garden crops, 268, 353 Marrows, \'egetable, 186, 266, 377 ; the beat, 79 ; under glass, 43 Marantas, 218 Meconopsia cambrica from Armagh, 385 Medicine for the mind, 237 Medinillas, 303 Melon President, 34 ; The Peer, 34 Melons, 43, 46, 78, 114, 116, 175, 221, 302 ; culture of, 44 ; flavour in, 265 ; some good, 10 Michaelmaa Daiaies or Aaters, 70 Miltonias, 99 Mimulus, the, 236 Mining rubble made useful, 139 Mint, 98 Miscellaneous Information, Bulletin of, 222 Mistletoe on the Sugar Maple, 19 Mock (Grange, a new Chinese, 18 Moles, 117 Monro, George, Limited, 86 Montbretia Geo. Davidson, 17 ; Germania, 190 Morsea (Iris) robinaoniana, 234 Morocco, gardening in, 19 Moachosma riparium, 50 Mulching, 220 Murray, Mr. John S., 66 Muscari azureum, 191 Mushroom growing in garden, field, and cottage plot, 12, 63. 79, 97 Mushrooms, 302 ; where not expected, 328 Myosotidium nobile, 233 Myosotis, 25U; rupic:>la, 4j5; Sutton's Per- fection, 405 Myrica cerifera, 17 N. Narcissus Ada, 70 ; Bettie Berkeley, 70 ; Cecil Rhodes, 70; Count Visconti, 309; Cressett, 70; Duke of Wellington, 69; Glory of Noordijyh, 70; Incognita, 70; incomparabilia Primrose Pha-nix, 69; i. Torch, 69 ; Moon Ray, 70 ; Nelson, 276 ; obvallaris, 245 ; Peter Barr, 17 ; Queen Christina, 69 ; Queen Emma, 69 ; Salmon- etta, 393 ; Sir Francis Drake, 17 ; Warley Magna, 69 ; Watch Fire, 70 Narrow Water, Warrenpoint, County Down, Ireland, 125 Nature note-book, my, 237 Nectarine and Peach trees, 99 Nectarines and Peaches, 318 Nepenthes, propagation of by cuttings, 374 Nephrolepis, tubers on, 3 Nerines, 235 Nerium Oleander, 265 Nettle, a West Indian, 175 North Wales, notes from a small garden in, 140 Nurseries, some Continental, 320 Nuttallia cerasiformia, 151 NymphEca Mrs. Ward, 112; stellata W. Stone, 112 O. Oaks as shrubs, 249 ; the hammock under the, 366 Obituary, 50, 66, 100, 118, 151, 204, 252, 269, 2S6, 305, 399 October, still (?), 26 Ocymum Basilicum, 400 Odontogloaaum Adrians var. Swoboda, 25J ; Bradahawaj, 184 ; Cervantesii roseura, 263 ; cirrhosum Pitt's variety, 355, 376 ; citroaum punctatum, 355 ; crispum Cooksouiffi, 133 ; crispum var. Persimmon, 273 ; grande, 340; X waltoniense, 78; wilckeanum venerandum, 397 Odontogloasums, 250 Oleander, variegated, 56 Oleariu Fusteri, 47 ; Gunnii, 230, 313 Olearias, the, 336 Oncidiura altissimum, 250; Mantinii, 168; splendidum, 339 Oncocyclus Irises, experiments with,364B Onions, 30, 131, 220, 251 ; large, 84, 318, 360 Orchard house, the, 148, 302 Orchards, old, of England, 62, 76; pruning and manuring in, 98 Orchid house, stove, 400 ; notes from Ghent, 322 ; " Review," the, 51 Orchids at Glebelands, 133 ; leaf-aoil for, 355 ; new, 397; pests of, 14; repotting, 168; aome recent results from the hybridisation of, 376 ; aome white, 262 ; white, at the Woodlands, 375 Orchis maculata superba, 264 Ornithogalnm Hauaknechtii, 207 Orphan Asylum, Slough, the British, 93; Fund, Royal Gardeners', 86 Oxalis Ortgiesii, 69 P. PiBonia albiflora Whitleyi, 352 ; arborea Queen Alexandra, 17 ; lutea, 311 Pifouiea, herbaceous, 186 ; moving herba- ceous, 390 ; tree, 384 Palm hi'Use at Glaauevin, 314 Palms, 166 ; as room plants, 3 Pampaa Grass, the, 213 Pansy, the, 167; the Tufted, as a bedding plant, 312; Blue Tit, 311; Bullion, 346; Duve, 346; Rose Noble, 311 Pansies, four miniature flowered rayleaa sorts, 88; six rayleaa aorta, 88; twelve rayleaa s.rta, 88 ; Tufted, 88, 364 Papaver A. W. Chillery, 17 Parsley, 131. 358 Parsnips, 110 Peach and Nectaiine trees, 99 The Garden," June S7, 190S.] INDEX. Peach crop, the, 203 ; Duke of Vork, 33 ; trees on walla outduors, 395; new early, Duchess of Cornwall, 345 ; the, as a conhtn under glass, 350 ; trees on walls and tlie recent frosts, 346 Peaches, 202. 397; and Nectarines, 31S ; early, 11, 38ti ; failing, 320 ; late, 80 ; leaf curl in, 1S3 ; seasonable notes on, 395 Pear Beurre Ranee in March, 13S ; Beurre Perran, 62 ; Duchesse de Bordeaux, 237 ; Epine du ilas, 237 ; General Wauchnpe, 33 ; Grise de Chine, 33 : Michaelmas Nelis, 33; Ne Plus Meuris, 237 ; \ouvelle Fulvie, G2 ; Passe Crassane, 185, 192 ; Winter Nelifl, 33 Pears, late or midwinter, 84 ; notes on, 237 ; the pronnse of, 208 Pea Edwin Beckett, 50 Peas, 31, 81, 131, 302; everlasting, 157; earliest everlasting, 403 ; late, 339 Pelargonium Col. Barten-Powell, 112; disease, 209; zonal, pink, F. V. Kaspail, 208 Pelargoniums, 46 ; variegated and striated, 297; zonal, 338, 397; in winter, 6; the best, 204 Penny, Charles, 151 Pentstemon, the, 219 Peterson, Mr. P. S.. 119 Pettigrew, Mr., 273 ; Andrew, 305 ; Mr. Andrew, the late, 310 Pharmacy Acts Amendment Bill, 340 Philadelphus Delavayi, 18 " Philistinism " and the Horticultural Hall, 137 Phillyra'as, 141 Phlox Avalanche, 405 ; Drummondit. 236 Phcenix Park, Dublin, damage in, 154 Phyteumas, the, 39, 57 Picea nobilis injured, 326; pungens var. glauca, 280 Pilgrims go a-ranchiiig, 2 Pine-apples, 148 Pines, 251 Pinguicula caudata superba, 190, 207 Pink Coralita, the, 156 ; the white, 1G2 Pinus pallasiana, 24** Pipes, hot-water, 4()0 Plant lists and guides on sale at Kew, 134; names, 139 Plant portraits, recent, 10, 118, 185, 253, 308 399 Planting, 149 ; near the sea, 54 Plants, etherisation of, 175 ; Howeriug, for honey, 134; for cut tlowers, 178; green- house, and the fog, 68 ; herbaceous, 84 ; in cold frames, 47 ; new, of 1902, 60, 91, 111, 226 ; two valuable winter-flowering, 221 ; under trees, 31 ; uses of British, 408 Pleached alleys, 200 Plum, a new, Rivers' Late Orange, 138 Plums, Japanese, 121 Poinsettia pulcherrima, IS, 303 ; is the honey poisonous ? 84 Poinsettias and Euphorbia jacquiniaeaora, 78 Poison Oak, case of poisoning, 20S Poisonous compounds, sale of. 86 Poisons for trade purposes, 190 ; sale of, 171 Polemonium confertum melitum, 310 Polyanthus, seedling, 272 Polyanthuses and Forget-me-not, 27? ; bor- der, 295 ; from Stratfan House, 309 ; hybrid, 266 Polygonum compactum, 66 Polygonums by waterside, 41 Poppies, Oriental, 416 Poppy, the, 301 ; Eastern, 416 Potato, a valuable early, Sutton's Ninety- fold, 139; New Century, 115; Northum- bria, 115 ; Scammell's Seedling, 115 ; Sutton's May Queen, 345 ; Syon House, 293 ; the Sweet, 191 ; Victoria Improved. 115 Potatoes, 98, 167, 236, 358; costly, 175; early, 46; new, 115; quality of, 217; Sweet, and Yams, 118 Pot-pourri, a third, 253 Preserves, fruit, 175 Primrose time, 257 Primroses, 232 ; Bunch, from Chard, 267 ; double, 319 Primula farinosa alba, 406; kewensis, 153, 192 ; marginata, 261 ; obconica, 363 ; o. semi - plena, 112 ; Parryi, 364 ; vi'cosa Spring Beauty, 17 Primulas, Messrs. Carter and Co.'s, 1P4 ; Chinese, 117; Messrs. Sutton's, 100 Pritchardia ttlifera and Dahlia imperialis, 25 Protecting choice Howers. 143 Prunus Pissardi, 3 ; subhirtella, 177 ; tomen- tosa, 174 Pulmonaria rubra, 191 Pyrethrums, 348 Pyrus (Cydonia) japonica cardinalis, 191 ; japonica, varieties of, 327 Itabbits barking trees, 346, 387 Radishes, 358 Rainfall at Dingley, Northants, 240 ; at Hampton Manor in 1902, 18 ; two months', 175 Eanunculus amplexicaulis, 330 ; Lingua, 224; the, 61 Raspberry November Abundance, 33 Raspberries, new hybrid alpine, 26 Rawliiigs, Ml. George, 66 ; the late, 113 Kavenscuurt Park, tlowers in, 241 Recent nuinbers, notes on, 34, 303 Keeent's P^iik, flowers in, 310 Rehmannia angulata, 317 Reiiiwardtia trigyna, 3 Rhododendron (Azalea) rustica flore-plena Ramona, 49 ; Beauty of Tremough, 275 ; Duchess of Portland, 340 ; exhibition, 415 ; Lady Clementine Walsh, 49 ; rosa Mundi, 369 ; seedling, Indian, 84 ; grafting, 204 : soil for, 204 Rhubarb, 93; new, 115; Sutton's Crimson, 115 ; Veitch's Christmas, 115 Rhus Toxicodendron, 275 Ribes or Flowering Currants, 239 Richardia elliottiana, 116 Riviera notes, 55, UO, 187, 291 Rock garden, the, 180, 285 ; alpine shrubs in the, SS ; in December, the, 1") ; in early spring, the. 248 ; making, 7, 89. 163, 192, 258, 350 ; plants now in flower, 317 Rodriguezia fragrans, 322, 355 Rondoletia cordata, 225 Room plants, 32 Rosa wichuriana at Christmas, 19 Rose, Admiral Dewey, 74 ; a famous Mare^cbal Niel, 354; a new climbing, 309; Anna Olivier, the largest tree in England, 91 ; Augustine Guinoisseau not flowering, 238 ; beds, colours in, 155; edgings to, 109; Ben Cant, 112; Captain Hayward, IT'l ; Christmas, fragrance of the larger, 103 ; Crimson Rambler, 109, 135 ; Doroihy Perkins, 112 ; Ecrc, 165 ; exhibitions of the future, 121; Field Marshal, 112; foliage, the beauties of, 273; Fortunes Yellow, 373; Fran Karl Druschki, 112 ; Frau Lilla Riutenstrancb, 43; "Garden, the,' 414; Gustav Giunerwald, 4S ; La France, a seedling from, 103 ; Lenten, culture of the, 58; Mme. Antoine Marie, 112 ; Mme. Caroline Testout and its descendHiUs, 330 : Mme. Charles Monnier, 273 ; Marquise Litta, G9; Merveille de Lvon, lo:> ; new. Ideal, 211 ; new, Mme. N. Levavassenr, 310; Peace, 112; pillar, a brilliant, 126; planting in March, 160 ; Prince de Bulgarie, Hybrid Tea, 309; Rosamane Graveieaux, 273 ; Show, the National, 137 ; shows, im- provement of, 26, 205. 300 ; Soleil d'Or, 91; sulphurea, 112 ; Tea, Lady Roberts (coloured plate), 9; tree, a large, 310; trifles. Tea, 210; Violette Bouyer (H. P.), 300 Rosemary hedge, making a, 114 Roses, 14, 131, 219, 266, 356; and Rose shows, 385 ; and the recent frosts, 292 ; a plea for Hybrid Perpetual, 9; climbing, bold t-tfec-Ls with, 53 ; fast-growme, for arches and pillars, 126; flower, the way to make shy-hlooming, 252; for exhibition, pruning, 182 ; fresh in winter, 47; fn>m cuttings, 302; Hybrid Perpetuais under glass, 353 ; Lenten, a note on, 103; new Continental, 48 ; new, fur 1902-3, 225, 372 ; on glass-protected walls, 353; pegging down, 48; pegging down newly-planted, 204; planting, 149; pruning, 224; Rambler, notes on, 73 ; R., on tall stems, 252 ; sea- sonable notes on, 404; showing forced, 240 : winter mulch for, 31 ; with beautiful wood, 108 Rubus moluccanus, 408 Ruscus aculeatus in fruit, 292 " Rustic ' gates and fences, 149 Saccolabinms, 250 Salading, 46 Salads, 251 Salsafy, 206 Saltwoort, Hythe, flowers at, 139 Silvia Heerii, 35; patens, 131; splendens Bruanti, 398; the, 219 Salvias, 203 Sanatorium, plant life in the, 316, 347 Sanders and Sons, Messrs., Bruges, Belgium, 320 Sarracenias in flower, 293 Sassafras (Lanrus), 160 Saxifrasa. 167; Grieshachii, 135, 180, 276; Guildford seedling, 17; (Megasea)cordifolia grandiflora, 197 ; oppositifolia at Grasmere, 225 ; o., varieties of, 221 ; pyramidalis, 398 Saxifrage seed, 112 Saxifrages, encrusted, 177 ; large-leaved, 276 Schedules, National Rose Society's, 30S Schizostyiis, 31 ; coccinea. 3,242 Schoolboys as gardeners. 92 Scotland, notes from, 16, 171, 269,322,355, 389 ; sj)ring flowers in, 208 Seakale, 9S, 220 ; attacked, 400 Season, the early, 240 Seed sowing, 276, 302 Seeds, germination of, under snow, 178, 234 Sefton Park, Liverpool, 207 Selenipediums, 99 Senecio clivorum, 17 ; grandifolius, 123 ; macroglncsu3, 52 Sequoias, giant, 190 Shallots, 98 Show. Manchester Dahlia, 310 ; Truro Dalfodil, 254 Shrubberies, 105 ; digging, 9S Shrubs, flowering, at Truio, 257 ; under glass at Kew, 129; from Cornwall. 385; orna- mental, 339 ; pruning, SO ; lender, in Scotland, 323; yellow-flowered, in winter, 36 Shrubs and trees, 6, 20, 36, 54, 105, 140, 164, 195, 211, 249,230,299,313,336,349; at Kew, transplanting large, 140; for British gardens, 71, 94, 124 ; new species and varieties of the last ten years, 49, 368, 387 ; of 1902, new, 49 ; transplanting large, 7, 20; winter-flowering, 141 Silene alpestris, 231 Sinningia (Stenoi^astra) concinna, 225 Slugging, went, 209 Slugs and wootllice and hardy flowers, 143 ; on cabbage plants, 400 ; snails ! and wood- lice, 78 Small holdings, 392 Snapdragons, giant, 123 Snowdrop, a rare, 178 ; the, 14 Snowdrops at Kew, 143 Societies— Bath and District Gardeners', 360 Batteraea, Clapham, and Wandsworth, 130 Beckenham Horticultural, 151 Biistol Gardeners', 152. 188, 203, 341 Bromley and District Chrysanthemum, 151 Cardiff Chrysanthemum, 130; Gardeners*, 152, 188. 204, 253 Chislehurst Gardeners", 188 Commons and Footpaths Preservation, 341 Croydon Chrysanthemum, 188 ; and Dis- trict Horticultural, 81, 136, 203, 253,306, 342, 383 Devon Datfodil and Spring Flower, 345 Dulwidi Chrysanthemum, 309 East Anglian Uaffodil, 341 Grassendale Horticultural, 222 Haslemere Gardeners", 152 Hi;;hgiiteand Distiict Chrysanthemum, 204 Liverpool Horticultural, 136, 203, 253 Manchester and North of England Orchid, liij, 222 ; Royal Botanical and Horticul- tural, 270 Midland Daffodil, 289. 300 National Amateur Gardeners', 203, 341, 383; Aurifula, 206, 326; Chrysanthe- mum, 152, 188 ; Dahlia, 68 ; cup prizes for the, 2 ; Sweet Pea, 237, 270 ; Tulip, 362 Newcastle-under-Lyne Gardeners', 342 Reading and District Gardeners', 203, 222, 237, 289, 3-'4 Redhill and Reigate Gardeners', 83, 188, 238, 2y0 Richmond Horticultural, 360 Royal B(»tanic, 151, 222, 253; and Horti- cultural of M.inchester, 399 Royal Horticultural, S3, 86, 119, 122, 258, 289, 324, 360, 398; annual (epuri, 85; Hiiuual meeting, 101 ; alteration in rules for judging, 138; and its gaiden, 150; phoLographing at shows, 292 Sc 'ttish Hoi ticuiiural, 51, 342 Sliropshiie Horticultural, 152 Linnean and the admission of women, the, 19 Traders in Poisonous Compounds Protec- tion, 383 Wisbech and District Daffodil, 136 Woolton Gardeners", 136 Wylam and District Horticultural, 188 Societies' schedules, horticultural, 152 Solidago Shorlii, 42 Sorrel in spi ing, 217 southport, midwinter flowers in, 109 Spawn, manufacture of, 204 Spinach, 110; Perpetual or Beet in spring, 209 ; winter, 46 Spiisa discolor, 195 Spring flowers in public gardens, 240 Spring of 1903, the, 310 Stacbyurus piaecox, 267 Statice, 266 Station garden, a prize, 4 Stephanandra Tanakie, 35 Stilirooms and gardens, 25 Stock, East Lothian, 30 Stove Plants, 23 St. John's Wort, 345 Strawberry, a new autumn-fruiting, 199 ; blossom in the open ground, thinning, 364b; culture for market, 27 ; forcing, the, 70 ; Givon's Late Proliflc, 34 ; the Khe- dive, 34 Strawberries, 301 ; autumn, and the frost, 3:^8 : grown in frames, 394 ; in pots, 60, 132 ; late, in pots, 397 Streptocarpus, 131 Strobilanthes dyerianus, 377 Stuartia peiitagyna, 104 Sub-tropical gardening, 365 Suggestion, an interesting, 312 Summer gardening, 327 ; houses, 283 Sunshine, in a land of, 48; or bhade for flowers, 134 Swanley Horticultural College, 258 Swanswick, notes from, 31, 66, 112, 182, 201, 371 Swede, Sutton's garden, in spring, 174 Sweet Pea, Dorothy Eckford, 112 Sweet Peas, 80, 157,244; and the weather, 365; autumn sown, 354; forced, 327; out- door, planting. 332 ; prupagating 1 he newer by cuttings, 390; the best, 205, 239, 255 Sweet William, old double crimson, 364A Tabermeraontana coronaria flore-pleno, 123 Tagetes patula nana, 21 Tanaksea radicans, 334 Tarragon, 98 Technical instruction, Essex County Council, 329 Tecoma Smithii, 37, 274 Temple show, the, 303, 379 ; refreshments at the, 364B, 380 ; Messrs. Benjamin R. Cai't and Sou 8 exhibit at, 386 ; Messrs. T. Rivers and Son's exhibit at the, 380 Tetratheca pilosa, 294 Thalictrum anemonoides, 274 ; orientale, 17 Thompson, Mr. W. H., coming of age of, 292 Thorns from cuttings, 384 Thuja ellwangeriana pygnuea aurea, 49 Thyrsacanthus rutilans, 60, 192 Tomato and Cucumber plants dying, 400; black spot, 359 ; Holmes' Supreme, 50, 310 ; sleeping disease of, 337 ; Veitch's Golden Jubilee, 104 Tomatoes, 80, 266, 377 ; early. 51 ; potasli for, 320 ; the yellow, 151 ; under glass, 202 'Torrens, Captain Alfred, 118 Tortola, West Indies, note from, 16 Towns and cities, the improvement of, 187 Trees, a few notable, 250 ; Buddhist, some remarkable, 54 ; for the new garden, 2(10 ; the aeration of soil for, 280 ; the care of old, 211 Trees and shrubs, 6, 20, 36, 54, 105, 140, 164, 195, 211, 249, 280, 299, 313, 336, 349; at Kew, grouping of, 18 ; for British gardens, 71, 94, 124 ; new species and varieties of the last ten years, 368, 387, 408; of 1902, new, 49 ; transplanting large, 7, 20; t., aL Kew, 140 ; wiiuer-flowering, 141 Trachycarpus excelsus out of doors, 337 Tritoma uvaria glauctscens, 283 TroUius Orange Globe. 364A Tiopicolum Bail of Fire, 364 ; speciosum, 0, 09, 283 Trowel, a good garden, 285 Trustees, Williams Memorial, 191 Tulipa gesneriana lutea pallida, 70 ; Hageii var. niteiis, 293, 372; micheliana, 257; pr.Tstans, 240; stellata, 293; suaveolen^. 364A ; triphylla, 257 ; violacea, 191, 391 ; wilsoniana, 240, 250 Tulip, a giant Byblccmen, 385; Pride of Haarlem, 70 ; The Fawn, 380 ; the florist's, 70 ; three-flowered, 366 Tulips, 406,407; after flowering, 342 ; Dar- win, 344 ; irom Cork, 344 ; prizes for, 292 Turnips, 116, 206 ; yellow, in wiuter, 19 L'rceocharis Clibrani, 71 Vanda teres, 322, 393 Vandas, 250 Vase rto«ersu. specimen plants, 191 Vegetable growing and laisi.-ig, 307, 394 ; pioduction, 343 Vegetables and frost, 68; exhibition, 115; neglected, 90 ; new, of 1902, 115; select, for present sowing, 169 Veilchiaii Nurseries, the. 207, 323 Veitch Memorial Fund, 87 Verbena veiiosa, 110 Viburnum tomentooum plicatum, 293 Vilmoriii, Mme. Mauiice de, 399 Vincas. 202 Vine, grafting the, 90 ; leaves, diseased, 384 ; Mr. A. F. Barron's book of the, 305 Vines, 14, 166, 202, 251, 266, 358 ; about, SO ; large-icaved, 2U9 ; some remarkable, 170 Vineyards, the Tweed, 292 Viola, a winter, 09 ; the, as a bedding plant, 312 Violet industry in America, the, 245 ; the, 86 Violets, 283, 33S; double, 301; in the south of Fiance, cultivation of, 295; sweet, 159 Virginian Creeper v. Ivy, 90 Vitis amurensls, 241 W. Waiting, 210 Wallflower, the, 319 Wallflowers, 167 Wall garden in April, the, 24S ; making, 22, 144, 193, 297, 314 Wall plants, beautiful, 180, 214 Walnuts. Japanese, 165 Wand-iworth Paik, 154 Watt*rcress, its history and cultivation, 172, 303 INDEX. [" The Garden," June i'7, 1903. Water Lilies, planting time for, 2S8 ; select- ing and planting, 196 Waterlow Park, spring prospects, 203 Water plants in glasses, 204 Weather prognusiics, 1U4, 139 ; the milrt, 122 Weed killers, applicatiun uf, o91 Weed. of the garden, the prettiest, 18 Wendland, Hermann, 66 Wilder, Mr. William, 100 M'ild fruits of the cuiintry side. 20 Wild garden, the buck of the, 237 Winchester new park and recreation ground, 20G Wj'iilsor, the new bothies at, 412, 413 ■\» i.iifei" S^vt-et, 46 ; a beautiful variety of, 2 ^* II t* neLliiii; in sr>'ing ii\er Gooseberry iMialies, value of, 311 \4i-taiirt at W'in'iMJi. I le fauiuua, 155 ^' iihers, J.uiies W., ;,05 W. Midland planting, 307 M'urcestershire, a note from, 123 ; notes, 356 Workers amongst the flowers, 59 X. X mthoceras sorbifolia, 407 Yams and Sweet Potatoes, 118 Yews, a note on, 20 Yucca, the, 319 Yuccas in the rockery, 69 ILLUSTRATED ARTICLES. A. -iEsculus parviflora, 299 .'Etbionema diastrophis on rockwork, 109 Agapanthus urabellatus iu the open gaiden, , 275 Airaves atid Cras<;ula Cotyledon in Sir Thomas Hanbur>'(j garden near Meutone, 4S Alpine house at Kew, 154 ; interior of the, 154 Ai'drosace carnea, 333; chamaijasme, 332; Ciarpentieii, 370 ; folioaa, 334 ; glacialis, 370; Hausmanni, 370; imbiicata, 391; lactea, 333 ; lactittora, 332 ; Laiigeri, 333 ; ohtuaifoha, 351; pubescent, 392; villusa, 351 ; vitaliana, portion uf a tuft of, 392 Ai'emune intermedia, the new, at Kew, 244 ; King of Scarlets, 353 Annual flowers, a group of, at St- Figan's, near Cardiff, 331 ; border of, and grass pMth, 145 Aj'ple Allingtnn Pippin, 132 ; Edward VII., 2S4; Lane's Piinue Albert, 62; the new ULe, King Edward VII., young standard I'ee of, 265 ; trees, cordon, in the gardens at Madrestield Court, 357 AtHbis Billardieii at Kew, 422 Aienaria balearica in an cild wall, 29S Artichokes, Globe, 97 ; Jerusalem, 90 Arundinaiia nitida, 349 ; Simuni iu flower at Kew, 303 A».pidiuni (Polystichum)muuitum at Narrow W'ater, 126 B. Bimboo garden and Water Lily pond in Ctmmbe Wuod Nursery, 323 Barron, Archibald F., the late, 2S6 Bays, Sweet, at Chester, 4-z9 Bt-ans, Runner, how ihey are staked in Aldenhani House Gardens, 3^9 BtL^onias, single, in the nursery of Messrs. Blackmoie an^^ No. 162-t.— Vol. LXIII.] [January 3, 1903 NEW HARDY FLOWERS OF 1902. THE following list comprises plants that have been given either an award of merit or a first-class certi- ficate by the Eoyal Horticultural Society in 1902. It is not a for- midable one, and it is regrettable that the number of plants given a certificate of the first class is not large. This, however, may be regarded from two standpoints. One is. Is the standard for first-class certificates set too high ? We think not. It is best in the case of an untried novelty to err on the side of giving the lower award, for if the plant be worthy and its owner or introducer has suffi- cient faith in it the plant will assuredly appear again, entered doubtless for the higher award. This is much the best course, as to distribute the first-class certificate broadcast is to realise, a little later, that very few of the plants deserve the honour. It is noticeable also that a large percentage of the certificated plants are species of recent introduction, the novelties resulting from cross-bred or hybri- dised plants, if we except the Daffodils, i.e., the genus Narcissus, being in quite a minority. This is not as it should be, and not a few genera among hardy plants are merely waiting some energetic worker or enthusiast to take them in hand and to try his utmo.st to improve them. In this direction the field is open and very wide, and in the near future we hope to see the honours list more equally shared between these new comers from other lands and the cross-bred plants raised in gardens and nurseries at home. In this list F.C'.C. indicates "first-class certificate" and A.M. "award of merit." Ahtraeme7-ia J/rs. Salter. — Apparently a vigorous form of A. aurantiaca, the large heads of flowers being of quite exceptional size and almost globular in form. In the examples shown at the time there were between two and three dozen flowers, and these, sup- ported on long pedicels, created quite a feature in this valued section of hardy plants. A.M., .July 12. Aiiemone japonica Queen Charlotte. — There is not the least doubt that when established this will prove one of the most valuable addi- tions to the autumn-flowering kinds ; indeed, such a plant was required, as the only pink- flowered kind hitherto was rather pale and did not grow well in all gardens. The present plant, although not a novelty of 1902, was never seen so fine as last year. In the form of its petals and the largeness of the flowers generally it is a great improvement, and should prove quite a first-rate plant. A.M., October 21. Astilbe chinensis var. Davidii. — This is without doubt the greatest acquisition to hardy plants, not of 1 902 only, but for many years past, and from it will probably come through hybridisation a distinct and interesting race. The plant, so far as European gardens are concerned, is remarkable, and equally so its efl'ect when grouped in the garden. This novelty and acquisition opens a large field for the expert plant breeder, and we know that it will not be for any want of skill or trial if a group of intermediate forms be not soon forth- coming. It is also very hardy. The colour is also exceptional, in truth remarkable in its tone of violet or reddish purple. Growing fully 6 feet high, perfectly hardy, vigorous, and free-flowering, it is certainly an acquisition. Already the plant has produced good seeds in England and young plants. In the capable hands of Messrs. Veitch we feel assured no opportunity will be lost in making the most of this fine new perennial. From Central China. F.C.C, August 5. Cori/dalis thalictrifolia. — This is also a valuable new species. It is only 1 foot high, forming a compact free - flowering mass ; indeed, it is almost always in bloom, from the beginning of May till sharp frosts occur. The pedicles are long and slender and furnished with bluish, deeply incised lobes, that together produce quite a charming feature, while the flowers are yellow. The plant has a shortly rhizomatous rootstock and is deciduous, in fact almost disappears from view. Having proved hardy and being a good seeder, this Corydalis will probably become very popular. Not only will it make an excellent rock garden plant, but for ruins, old walls, or even carpeting beds of choice things it will be found useful. From Central China. F.C.C, June 10. C imicifuija Japonica. — This is not a novelty, but it is an excellent plant. The pure white flowers are very beautiful, and the plant attains 4 feet high or thereabouts, the flowers cluster- ing closely on long cylindrical spikes. The foliage is finely cut. A.M., October 21. Delphinium Kitty Wardell.~As this is the only Larkspur certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society during the past season, it may fairly be conceded that perfection in certain directions has been well-nigh attained. The flowers are semi-double, large, and violet- blue in colour; the spike is very handsome. A.M., July 8. Fntillaria askhabadensis. — An entirely new species, vigorous, and very free-flowering. The tine example as exhibited by Miss Willmott, was upwards of 2 feet high, and crowned by a leafy erect tuft, and from eight to ten greenish yellow _ openly campanulate flowers. This interesting species comes close to the Crown Imperial, the flowers being smaller, but the leaves and inflorescence are the same. This species was discovered growing in calcareous soil near the village of Kasakala, near the town of Askhabad, on the Russian border. A.M., March 25. Heiichera hrizoides gracillima. — An elegant plant, which attains nearly 18 inches high, and produces numerous light and elegant spikes, on which the dainty rosy scarlet flowers are arranged. It is a hybrid kind from the continent, apparently between H. micrantha and H. brizoides, and may be classed among the most hardy and graceful of dwarf perennials. A.M., June 10. Iris Sarptedon. — This is one of the flag Irises, and said to be a hybrid between I. asiatica and I. pallida dalmatica. In the hybrid the vigour of the latter is well seen, while the colour partakes of the other kind, the standards being of a deep azure blue, and the falls violet- purple. A.M., June lO. /. Sunshine is also of the flag section, the colour a pleasing combination of soft yellow and creamy white. A.M., June 24. /. orientalis Snow Queen. — Hitherto in the forms of I. sibirica and their near allies no good pure white kind existed, and as this Iris is white and free-flowering it will doubtless prove a valuable addition. The habit is the same as that of the type, the only diflerence being in the pretty and very pure blossoms. A most welcome plant. A.M., .June 24. /. Barmmue. — A rather dwarf member of the Oncocyclus group, with almost self purple flowers. It is curiously fragrant at certain stages, and is certainly one of the hardiest of the race. A.M., May 20. /. Sofarano magnifca. — This is also of the Oncocyclus group, and is a really handsome and vigorous kind ; indeed, there is almost the l>oldness of I. susiana, and in other respects it may be regarded as nearly intermediate between this and I. atrofusca. A very hand- some variety. A.M., May 28. /. Tauri. — A new species of the I. persica group, which has now been grown for two seasons. In the earliest examples that came before us there was a marked freedom of flowering, which has not in the same decisive way been maintained. The plant, however, is one of the best, and if a variable species, which it is undoubtedly, there is hope and the pleasure of even better forms to come. In all its variations the plant displays .some shade of violet or this with purple. It is very useful for any warm position in the rock garden in very sandy loam, and next to I. Heldreichi, is one of the finest of the earliest Irises. A.M., January 14. /. Warleyensie. — Some surprise was ex- pressed quite early in the year when it was announced that this kind on eminent authority was regarded as a new species. It is now admitted, however, to be a member of the I. orchioides group, and a very beautiful one. It is not easy briefly to describe the many colour variations in this plant. The predomi- nant note is pale to dee]3 violet, the deeper shade being upon the blade of the fall, which again is distinctly margined white. From THE GARDEN. [January 3, 1903 Eastern Bokhara, at an altitude of from 5,000 feet to 6,000 feet. F.C.G., March 25. _ /. Bucharica. — Another beautiful species, belonging to the same group as the above, though even more widely distinct and charming. It is, however, in the exquisite combination of colours that this lovely plant appeals to all lovers of beautiful flowers. The predominant colours are the pure white as seen in the upper portions of the flower and the rich golden-yellow of the blade and crest. In many other respects is this one of the most fascinating Irises we have seen. From Eastern Bokhara. F.C.C, April 8. KnipJiqfia Rufus. — A very striking kind with spikes of scarlet and yellow flowers. A.M., August 19. , Liatris graminifolia var. dubia. — Not quite a novelty, but certainly one of the best of this family and not at all well known. The spikes are 5 feet high, columnar, and densely fur- nished with rosy purple flowers. A.M., September 23. {To be continued.) PILGRIMS GO A-RANCHING. " A-ranching we will go, A-ranching we will go, A-ranching we will go — o, A-ranching we will go." AcroRDiNGLY I write this, eleven miles from San Diego, in the midst of an Orange and Lemon grove in full fruit, while on the lawn and around the house are many fine Rose bushes and climbing Hoses just coming in flower, notably La France and Safrano. Towering far above the second-story housetop are large Eucalyptus, while on either side is a gigantic Pepper Tree, whose weeping foliage is most efl'ective. There are Loquats in full flower, masses of Guavas in fruit, and many deciduous fruit trees, while everywhere is a tangle of Blackberries and Dewberries. The solemn hills on every side tempt one to believe that one is actually in Scotland again, only the tropical surroundings belie it. Hot days and cool nights have obtained for the three weeks since our arrival. An eventful journey of five days and nights brought us from Chicago, in somewhat bad shape, it is true, as regards the only male member of the expedition, who injured his knee badly in the cars, and had to be assisted at the various changes, thus some- what damping the wild enthusiasm of the tout ensemble, but the honest German face of our host at the depot made up for much. Then an eleven mile drive to the cosiest of homes, peacefully nestling under the hills through a boulevard lined with Palms on either side, brought the weary pilgrims to meet a genuine English welcome from our hostess. At Truckee, on entering the State of California, we encoun- tered hard frost, freezing the car windows, but here is no frost. The trip from Los Angeles is surpassingly lovely, 250 miles through beau- tiful scenery, skirting the Pacific Ocean for a considerable portion of the ride. We passed the largest Olive ranche (supposedly) in the world ; this year totally mthout a crop. Tomatoes are largely grown around here, and fetch now 2i cents a pound. Since we arrived everyone who has come in touch with us has endeavoured to " touch us " into buying a ranche. They all have one or two up their sleeve, and produce them on every available opportunity. We have rented this house 1 write from now for 5dols. monthly ; it is hard-finished, two-story, with six immense rooms, two bay windows with a profusion of coloured glass transoms and panelled doors. I can buy this, with large reservoir, 12i acres of fruit, and barn, for 2,000dols., or about £400. It is the loveliest spot I have ever seen, and is all piped with water over the entire area There is a school, church, and village half a mile from here, and a railway depot two miles off. Provisions are nearly as cheap as in Chicago, while the climate is beyond praise. Unluckily, you cannot live on the climate, and I suspect that accounts for the bargains our ingenious friends have been pressing on us. I went to inspect the ranche we nearly bought from our pious Chicago friend. The mortgage was the only flourishing thing about it. It had been abandoned for a year, and is worth nil. I intend giving details of cost of production and market prices in future papers as I acquire this useful knowledge. La Mesa, California. C. Macquaeie. EDITOR'S TABLE. Flowers from Bedford. "B. M.B." (Bedford) sends a delightful gathering of outdoor flowers with the following interesting note: — "I send a -mall bunch of outdoor flowers. CERASTIUM TOMENTOSUM. The Chrysanthemum is always the last to remain in bloom, and is still open- ing its flowers in spite of the severe weather at the ■ beginning of December, when we had as much as 22" of frost. The Wall- flower is Barr's extra early Parisian, which flowers from September to the following June without intermission. Does anyone else, I wonder, use Lirananthes Douglasi as a winter carpeting plant ? Tlie green is very bright and vivid, no frost seems to harm the foliage, and there are always stray blooms up to .January and again in the early spring. Seed can be sown in August. The few Pansies and Violets are not particularly remark- able. I have besides in flower Double Daisies, Crocus speeiosus, C. hyeraalis, Arabis, Alyssura, Violets, Galanthus cilicicus, and some China Roses ; but frost has spoiled most things." Christmas Hardv Flowers. Mr. Field, Ashwellthorpe Gardens, Norwich, writes (December 24) : — " I am sending a few .sweet-smelling flowers for your table on Christmas Day. I was afraid when the early frost set in that it would bo all over with the flowers before this, but we can still gather handfuls of Wall- flowers, Winter Heliotrope, Violets, &c., and the Snowdrops will soon be in bloom." A welcome gathering, comprising the Winter Sweet (Chimonanthus fragrans), the Winter Colt's- foot, and Violets. Clianthus PUNicEns A>D Roses from the Open Garden. Mr. S. W. Fitzherbert sends from Kingswear, South Devon, a gathering of flowers of Clianthus puniceus from the open wall, also a few blooms of Mimulus (Diplacus) glutinosus from an entirely unprotected plant. Mr. Fitzherbert writes : — " On Christmas Eve I picked a couple of dozen good Roses from bush plants in the open, including Queen Mab, Laurette Messimy, Irene Watts, Leonie Lamesch, and Marquise de Salisbury. We have as yet had no frost to speak of here. The mercury has never fallen below freezing point in the screen, and on the grass only 2° or 3" of frost have been registered." A Beautiful Variety of Winter Sweet. Mr. Burrell sends from Claremont, Esher, a beautiful variety of Winter Sweet (Chimonanthus fragrans). The flowers are very clear in colour, the petals a soft leraon-yellow, and the sepals quite a crimson shade, and they are set more densely on the leafless twig than the ordinary form. Its pretty colouring, sweetness, and freedom make this one of the best forms of the somewhat variable Chimonanthus we have seen. CeRASTIUM TOMENTOSUM. "R. H." sends from Devonshire a few flowers of this Cerastium to show the mildness of the weather during Christmas. It is too well known to describe, but we have made a little drawing of it to show how freely it has flowered in a favoured Devonshire nook. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. January 6. — National Amateur Gardeners' Asso- ciation Meeting. January 10. — Annual dinner of the Soci^t^ Franyaise d'Horticulture de Londres. January 13. — Royal Horticultural Society's committees meet at Drill Hall. January 14. — East Anglian Horticultural Club Meeting. January 22. — Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution Meeting and Election of Pensioners at Simpson's, Strand. January 27. — Royal Horticultural Society's Meeting. February 3. — National Amateur Gardeners' Association Meeting. "The Garden." — With this issue is pre- sented a coloured plate of Tea Rose Lady Roberts, and a calendar printed in two colours, giving the dates of the principal horticultural exhibitions and meetings throughout the year. This we feel sure will prove useful to many of our readers. Cup prizes for the National Dahlia Society. — Mr. Tulloeh's circular re the provision of two £10 cups for competition at the National Dahlia Society's shows, as published on page 422 of The Garden, came before the members of that society in an informal way at the recent general meeting, but did not seem to arouse much enthu- siasm. The proposal is simply another ettbrt to rivet the chains of mere show or competitive eftbrt on the society, and does nothing towards making Dahlias popular garden flowers. If someone choose to fling away £10 unwisely elsewhere in similar fashion it does not at all follow that a society having the reputation of the National Dahlia Society should follow. A greater need of the society is a reserve fund to guarantee it against any possible adversities than that it should seek to raise £20 to throw away in probably three years at the outside in cups. It is, indeed, doubtful wliether any more exhibits would be seen at the shows than the ordinary prizes now bring were cups offered. — A. Dean. January 3, 1903.] THE GARDEN. '' Oakwood and Glebe Farm, Wisley Common, neap Ripley, Surrey, is to be sold by auction at the Jlart, Tokenhouse Yard, E.C., on Tuesday, the "iOth inst. , at two o'clock. The estate is about 00 acres, and is being sold by the executors of the late Mr. G. F. Wilson, F. R. S. PrunUS Pissardi.— In the notes from Swauswick, page 44'2, " M. L. W." comments on Prunus Pissardi as a prospective fruit-bearing tree which the writer of the "Tuscan Garden" says is grown in Tuscany for its fruit. I am afraid it will not in this respect give much satisfaction to " M. L. W." as in most parts of England fruits are rarely borne. It is only a coloured-leaved variety of the Jlyrobalan or Cherry Plum (Prunus cerasifera, better known as Prunus Myrobalana) ; indeed, in the " Kew Hand List" the name of Pissardi is discarded in favour of Prunus cerasifera atropurpurea. The flowers are borne so early that the fruit seldom develops, but when it does come to maturity it is fairly good, though not for one moment to be compared with many of the delicious garden Plums. In the climate of Tuscany the fruit probably sets readily, and the brighter sun- shine may account for a richer flavour, but here its principal claim is as a good purple-leaved tree. — H. P. Alterations at Kew. — The most im- portant addition to the establishment during the past year is the new wing to the Herbarium. This e.ttension, which is of the same size as the large hall built at the back of the old building twenty- five years ago, practicall)' doubles the accommoda- tion for dried specimens. It is fire-proof, and each storey is connected by a corridor with the rest of the Herbarium. The architecture and elevation are the same as in the original building, and the front faces Kew Green. It is rapidly approaching com- pletion, and will probably be fit for occupation early this year. The reglazing of the central block of the Temperate house has been proceeded with during the past summer, and the loftier part of the roof is now finished. The use of clear untinted glass and large panes, in place of the narrow green ones, makes the house much lighter and better fitted for the class of plants it contains. The soil throughout the whole of the beds has been renewed and a system of thorough drainage adopted. The greater part of the old soil had been in the beds since the house was built — e.'cactly forty years ago — and no drainage had been provided. As some of the beds were .5 feet or (j feet deep it is not surprising that the soil had become sour. The northern wing — known as the Himalayan house — ^has proved a great success. The chief feature is the collection of Rhododendrons, but the conditions are found to be admirably adapted for many other warm temperate plants. Buddleia Colvillei has dowered here for the first time at Kew, and many other plants are developing beauties that one never previously knew they possessed. — Kew Guild Jouniai. Schizostylis coceinea.— How sadly neglected this beautiful Kaffir Lily seems to be, for one rarely finds it grown in such quantity as its merits and usefulness deserve. In November we had a brilliant picture with masses of this subject interspersed with the lovely Sternbergia lutea. Soon after the Sternbergia had finished flowering the severe frosts came and checked the Schizostylis, but a few mild days have brought it into flower again. An ideal spot for the Schizostylis is at the foot of a warm wall or in a border in front of the glass houses. It likes a light Tather than a heavy soil, and well repays such attention as copious waterings during the hot and dry weather. About every third year the clumps should be lifted in the spring, divided and re- planted.— A. C. B.iRTLETT. Kew Guild Journal. — This annual publication is always of much interest, more especially of course to members of the Kew Guild — that admirable association of those who have worked, and who now are working, at Kew. A portrait of Mr. .John Reader Jackson, late keeper of the Economic Museums at Kew, forms the frontispiece of this number. Mr. -Jackson held this post for forty-three years, having retired in 190L Perhaps his most important literary work is "Commercial Botany of the Nineteenth Century," published in 1890. Many past Kewites will remember with pleasure Mr. Jackson's lectures on "Economic Botany." At the annual dinner of the Kew Guild held in May last 114 were present, when Mr. J. G. Baker, F. R. S., presided. It is interesting to note that the British Botany Club, the Debating Society, and the Cricket Club are all flourishing. Notification of several important appointments serves to show the importance of Kew as a training ground for gardeners. Notes from past Kewites in various parts of the world make most interesting reading. There are notes from South Africa, Morocco, Teneriflfe, India, Malay States, West Indies, West Africa, and other more remote colonies. Mr. W. Bolting Hemsley contributes an article concerning William Alton, and there is also a notice of John Rogers, one of the oldest Kewites. Mr. W. Watson has resigned the post of secretary and editor, and has succeeded Mr. George Nicholson in the less laborious position of president. Mr. W. N. Winn is now secretary, and Mr. W. J. Bean is editor and treasurer. In addition to portraits of .John Reader Jackson, William Alton, and John Rogers, the journal contains a full-page illustration of the Rock Garden at Kew. Under the new editorship the general excellence and interest of the journal is well maintained. New varieties of Apples.— When recently looking over the new branch nursery made by Messrs. J. Backhouse and Son in Yorkshire, my attention was drawn to several new Apples in the fruit quarters. The best were James Grieve, Rivers' Codlin, and Northern Dumpling. The two latter are, as their names will suggest, kitchen Apples. The former is a dessert variety of much promise. Judging by the specimen before me I should say it has some of Cox's Orange Pippin blood in its veins, though the fruit is larger than that variety generally grown in the north. The nursery has only been made two years, so the trees on which the fruits were growing must be young ones. — H. J. Clavtom, Tadcaster. Tubers on NephrolepiS.— Concerning the question regarding tubers of Nephrolepis in The Garden of the 20th ult., I may say that there is one distinct species or garden form, Nephrolepis Bausei, in which the tubers afibrd the only trustworthy means of keeping it from one season to another. It is a very pretty Fern, but is available only for the greenhouse, and, what is more, the entire crown and rootstock usually die, leaving nothing but a few detached tubers, which, when growing, were connected with the parent plant by a slender thread-like substance. These elongated tubers with their roughened exterior greatly resemble the cocoons of some of the moths, but closer inspection reveals the origin. So thoroughly does this Nephrolepis appear to die in the autumn that I have known plants of it to be thrown away in the belief that they were quite dead, the small tubers being overlooked. A good way to treat this Fern is to allow it to occupy the pot in which it has grown, and keep it moderately dry throughout the winter, then early in the new year take it from the soil and pick out the tubers. If potted singly into small pots these grow away rapidly and soon form effective plants. — H. P. Chrysanthemums as shown,— Having visited a great many of the Chrysanthe- mum exhibitions during the past autumn I was particularly interested in a portion of the article on page 451, over the well-known initials of "C. H. P.," as the writer's ideas entirely coincide with my own. The part alluded to is that in which reference is made to the large coarse flowers that now do duty for the incurved section, which at one time used to be models of symmetry, but that is now all changed, and everything sacrified to size. The Japanese, too, are verj' disappointing, the rich coloured flowers being conspicuous by their almost total absence. At many of the exhibitions artificial light is necessary during the greater part of the time, and then whites and yellows appear much the same, while those subtle tints to which such descriptions as lilac, silvery rose, light purple, pale rose, lilac-rose, rosy mauve, and various other combinations are applied, are indistinguishable the one from the other, particularly as their depth of colouring depends a good deal upon the treat- ment given to the plants. Such sameness makes one sigh for the time when the rich coloured Edwin Molyneux was in the height of its popu- larity, or, to go a little further back, when to my way of thinking the most beautiful crimson Japanese that has ever figured at these exhibitions was so generally seen on the show-boards. This was .Jeanne Delaux, distributed by that well- known cultivator M. Delau.x in 1882, at which time the Chrysanthemum was beginning to get popular. It was for a time after its distribution frequently met with in this country as F. A. Davis, for the set which was sent out that year by this well-known nurseryman was rechristened on arriving in this country, a most reprehensible practice, costly to myself and many others, for I obtained the set direct from M. Delaux, and bought several of them again under other names. The flowers of Jeanne Delaux were beautiful in contour, rich in colour, and to ray mind vastly superior to the huge blooms now in vogue. — T. Reinwardtia trigyna. — In the half light that often prevails during a dull winter's day flowers of an orange tint are more conspicuous than those of any other hue, a great point in favour of this Reinwardtia, whose period of blooming is during the winter months. It has been long known in gardens, particularly under the name of Linum trigynum, but for some reason or other its merits do not seem to be sufficiently recognised. It is one of those sub-shrubs so common among tropical plants, and was intro- duced from India over a century ago. If struck from cuttings early in the year and the young plants have their points pinched out two or three times they form neat little bushes, which will bear a cluster of flowers on the point of every shoot. The individual flowers, in shape not unlike a Primrose, are about an inch across, and of a rich glowing orange-yellow colour. A succession is kept up from one cluster for a considerable time. A second species (R. tetragyna) has primrose- coloured flowers with a yellower centre. Which is the more beautiful is at least an open question, but for my part I prefer the deeper tinted and older species. A place, however, may well be found for both in most gardens where there is a structure in which an intermediate temperature is maintained during the winter months, as they occupy little space and their cultural requirements are not at all exacting. Red spider is their prin- cipal enemy, but if the plants are grown during the summer in a frame these pests do not give so much trouble as when they are kept throughout that period in an artificially-heated structure. — H. P. Cactus Dahlias for g'arden deco- ration.— As intimated, I brought before the members of the National Dahlia Society my pro- posal that the consent of the Royal Horticultural Society be obtained for a trial at Chiswick of new Cactus Dahlias, sent by raisers specially to show fitness for garden decoration. I was much pleased to have the support to my proposal of the esteemed president, Mr. Mawlej', who has higher tastes in relation to Dahlias than by making them mere exhibition flowers, and who intimated that the Royal Horticultural Society would have such a trial at Chiswick at their own option, and urged members to send varieties to that trial. Mr. Wyatt, of the well-known firm of Keynes, Wil- liams and Co., mentioned that " they had two or three varieties specially for garden decoration," and we wish other raisers, now so devoted to the show side of these flowers, would do the same. Showing Dahlias gratifies a few — growing them for garden decoration gratifies thousands. -A. D. Palms as room plants.— In reference to the terrible slaughter among Palms when treated as room plants, alluded to by your correspondent "M. L. W. ," page 443, the blame must, I think, be .shared between the producers, the retail sellers, and the ultimate purchasers. The producers in the first place, in order to get the plants in a THE GARDEN. [January 3, 1903. saleable state as soon as possible, push them on in a hot steamy atmosphere, the result being that when removed from it they are very susceptible to the cold, while drying winds are equally hurtful. Then the retailer often keeps them in hand perhaps for a long while, exposed it may be to draughts and various other adverse conditions, so that by the time they are bought and taken indoors the roots have received such a check that, though the plants may exist for a time, they will die before regaining their normal health. The hardships that many room plants have to put up with is greatly against Palms, which to be kept in health should be well sponged once a week, carefully attended to in the matter of water, by avoiding drought or the opposite extreme. Above all never allow the water to stand in the saucers. There is also a great tendency, especially among amateurs, to shift them into larger pots, whereas most Palms may be kept in health for years in the same pot. I do not mean to say that all Palms sold finish their career as above detailed, but the great changes they undergo are doubtless answerable for much of the mortality that takes place among them.— T. A prize station garden.— For the fourth time in succession the special prize of £5 offered by the directors of the Great Western Railway Company for the best-kept fiower garden at their stations in the Reading division, which embraces a large number of towns and villages, has been awarded to Mr. Treacher, stationmaster at Theale, near Reading. Mr. Frank Garrett.— It will be a source of regret to many to know that Mr. Garrett, who for over sixteen years has had charge of the Orna- mental Department at Kew, left on October 31 last to take charge of the gardens at Blenheim, a post which is regarded as one of the first prizes in horticulture. Besides his long experience at Kew, Mr. Garrett has served in some of the finest private gardens in this country, such as Longleat, Syon, Downton Castle, and Sandringham. Too modest to seek fame, Mr. Garrett has nevertheless gained it by his successful work at Kew. Scores of young men have benefited by his supervision of their work and by the sound practical doctrine he taught. It may be a larger sphere of labour to which he has moved, but Kew men will not admit it to be a more useful one. He was presented before his departure with a handsome clock as a mark of respect from many members of the stall'. Mr. A. Osborn succeeds Mr. Garrett as foreman of the Ornamental Depart- ment. He came to Kew in April, 1899, and for two years and a half was sub-foreman in the Ferneries. Previously he had been with Messrs. Sutton and Messrs. Veitch, and had spent some years in private gardens. — Ktw Uuii'l Joariiitl. The Flageolet Bean.— It is interesting to note that Mr. Isherwood's query with respect to the old red Flageolet Bean should have just now been made, as it was but very recently when with members of the fruit and vegetable committee of the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick we were discussing with Mr. Wriglit the Kidney Bean trial for next summer, which is to take place there, I asked whether stock of the true old red Flageolet could be obtained now. I thought it might be had from Messrs. Vilmorin and Co. of Paris. There is an impression abroad that it and Canadian Wonder are the same. If it be so it is odd that such fact was not generally known. In such a trial as is proposed a few of the best old varieties may well be included. In a list published forty years ago the Flageolet is not mentioned. The chief ones were Negro, Mohawk, Fulmers, and a few others. It would not be difficult now no doubt to make up a list of thirty varieties distinct so far as ripe seeds are concerned. I hope we shall see the Flageolet at Chiswick. After writing the above, I looked into M. Vil- morin's "Vegetable Garden," where I find he enumerates some fifty varieties of dwarf Beans, many of them unknown here, and several of which are termed Haricot Flageolet. The Chevrier Flageolet is specially praised for its exceeding greenness, extending partially to the seeds. I notice that dwarf Canadian Wonder and the red or scarlet Flageolet are classed as synonymous in the book. No explanation is given as to the meaning of or reason for such frequent use of the name or term Flageolet. Is it a corruption of the botanical name Phaseolus, or does it convey, so far as the Bean pods are concerned, that they are long and cylindrical ? In France dwarf Beans are grown chiefly for their ripe seeds. We prefer the green pods. — A. D. ROUND ABOUT A GARDEN. Wanderini.; through woodland at this season one often comes across a group of trees so gracefully draped and festooned with common Ivy that they make what people call " a perfect pjicture." Often in summer, too, magical glimpses may be caught, in some jungly dell, of natural arches clustered with wild Rose and Honeysuckle ; and I recollect, as a boy, spending part of a half holiday trying to transfer to paper the loveliness of some natural rockwork on Leckhampton Hill, near Chelten- ham, which was so garlanded with wild Clematis and tufted with wild flowers as even to compare favourably, to my mind, with the background in the transformation scene of the previous Christmas pantomime, revealing the Fairy Queen in her pink tights and her En- chanted Grot. Often in the Himalayas I wished for a camera to perpetuate the dreams of loveliness woven by flowering creepers round trunks fringed with Fern and Orchid : and only last year in England, passing down a hollow lane, whose high, tangled hedgerows were wreathed from end to end and roofed with fairy tracery in parts by the wide-flung trails of the common wild Hop, I could not help thinking what one might not be justified in spending to transplant, if he could, the whole thing bodily to one's grounds. For several hundred yards the lane wound deeper and deeper into the valley, and at every winding turn a new vista caught the eye, till, at the very bottom where, as in a cellar, it is always cool in summer and warm in winter, you came to the spring that dripped through perennial emerald of clustered Maidenhair. In grounds which are too extensive for constant horticidtural attention in every part you may sometimes happen upon wild nooks of beauty such as these ; but to find them you have to wander from the beaten path of trimmed shrubbery and cultivated coppice, and in a small garden, if there happens to be a certain number of trees, they are allowed to remain a certain number of trees, without any attempt being made to add to their beauty. The gardener merely sweeps away all the leaves that fall from them in autumn, and all through the winter the owner sees their bare trunks and leafless branches. Beneath them the gra!3s grows thinly over the clammy brown earth, and for two-thirds of the year " under the trees " is a place to be avoided. It is lovely in spring, of course, when the leaves have burst their buds, and its shade is grateful during hot days of summer, while, as the year wanes, it may aflbrd a limited display of " autumn tints ; " but, taking one thing with another, the average householder's view is that as much ground as is occupied by " the trees '' is so much ground lost to " the garden." The exact contrary should, of course, be the case. Any tenant of a bare piece of ground can with a five year.s' lease convert it into a line flower-bed garden, but he cannot grow trees in the time, and unless he is (as so few are nowadays, but as our ancestors always seemed to be) content to lay the foundations on which successors may build an ideal garden, he must make shift with artificial structures for climbing plants if he wishes to produce any really graceful effects in his garden. And this brings me to certain criticisms which have been passed upon my views of pergolas. That these may be beautiful no one who has seen the pillared wealth of blossom upon one that is well established can deny. That they may be useful we have the evidence of those who have found their .shade in sultry weather grateful and comforting. Miss Jekyll, who is a high priestess of the temple round whose lowest step I wander among the weeds, has explained the beauty of the jjergola and the art of building and stocking it. But .still I would venture a wager, if I saw any chance of profit in the transaction, that the gardening books of the future will speak of the pergola as "a horticultural artifice which had con- siderable vogue at the beginning of the twentieth century, but which, owing to the truer conception of art in the twenty-first century " — you all know how instructive books talk in the introductory chapter ? — " has fallen into disuse," or words to that effect. But which of us is going to live until the twenty-first century '] So let no one who loves to see the massed wealth of blossom which well-grown creepers display be deterred from building a pergola for them to creep upon. It will be something very different from his original design before the critics of the twenty- first century arise to pioint out its artificiality. Still, my opinion holds that in England, where we need fear no snakes or scorpions in the grass, the natural shade of trees in a garden renders the pergola .superfluous, and that climbing plants are more beautiful when they climb as Nature taught them upon rocks or trees than upon any manifestly artificial struc- ture. As a covered way leading from a house- door to some other frequented point of a garden a pergola may be so useful and orna- mental as to be one of the best features of the place; but where, as is now happening in scores of gardens, an elaborate pergola is constructed as one of the chief features of the place, breaking up the central vista with its obstruc- tive arches, you cannot help regretting it. When a pergola is stuck out in the middle of a garden as if it was a sort of artistic flower- bed, you go in at one end and come out at the other, like the white ants in India, who con- struct tunnels for the after pleasure of creeping through them. Returning, however, to the clump of bare trees, from which we digressed to the pergola, why does it so seldom occur to the owner or occupier of the ground, of which part is filled with the " garden " and part with trees, that the part which is filled with trees ought to be the loest part of the garden 'I That the grass will not grow properly under the trees is true, and that the trees, having had no competitors for many years besides the inch-deep grass, have run their roots so near the surface that nothing else will grow well there— at first — is also true. But it is altogether a mistake to suppose that — except under Beech trees or conifers, which are tyrants in the way that they suppress lesser life beneath their branches — the shaded ground beneath trees is not the very best place for a multitude of the garden's gems. Go into any wood, except a Pine wood or a Beech wood, and its most striking feature is the density and luxuriance of the under growth and the wealth of wild flowers. Each wild tree is a fostering nurse to hundreds of more tender plants, yet in our gardens we are content to leave the trees as bare trees and nothing more. They might as well stand in a pasture where grazing cattle nip ofl' everything green which rises above the level of tha grass. E. K. R. January 3, 1903.] THE GARDEN. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS M" GERBERA JAMESONI. 11. MULES enquires " Can anyone grow it finely outside in this climate ? If so, how l " The only answer to the first question is an emphatic " Yes," and it might be added that it is the only way to have it at its best. The second question may be answered in a few words. Plant at the foot of a south wall of a plant house which has hot-water pipes behind it. During summer give it the fullest exposure, and in winter fix a small light over the plant to keep ott' excessive wet. Do not close it in, but shake a little Bracken or similar material over the plant when the weather is cold. In this way I have had flowers from April to well into Se])tember, and a development which could never be obtained by pot culture. A plant I have under this treatment must be nearly if not i|uite fourteen years old, but this age is too great, and that individual will never again perhap.s be so fine as it has been. R. I. Lynch. Botanic Gardens, Cambridge. . 3 DIERAMA (SPARAXIS)_PUL- CHERRIMUM. _ __! The variety peiulula is fa pale rosy purple form, and does not ditJer very much from the type, though often called a distinct species. Its leaves are more rigid, the spikes shorter, and the pedicels are a little longer than in typical pulcherrimum, whilst the flou'ers are more closely arranged on tlie pedicels, the weight of which gives the inflorescence a more pendulous habit than that of the type. The Dieraraas were referred to last week. FLOWER GARDEN. GARDEN PUZZLES. ^URING the Middle Ages," says Max Miiller, in his "Last Essays, Second Series," "exactly the same idea which now goes by the name of Agnosticism was well known as Docfa Iijiiorantia — i.e., the ignorance founded on the knowledge of our ignorance, or of our impotence to grasp anything but what is phenomenal." If our gardeners could know the value of this docta i'lnorantia (instructed igno- rance), if they could learn that every yard of their gardens is full of puzzles, the solution of which they can only guess at, and that only in a few cases, they would have made a first and most important step towirds becoming docti and even doctores. Every yard of the garden has its own special puzzle or puzzles, and I think it may interest the readers of The Pilot if I walk through my garden and pick out a few such, not with the expectation of being able to explain them, but with the hope of showing how much the study of such things will add to the interest of every garden. A very few will be sufficient to show what I mean. One of the first plants I come to is a large mass of Physostegia virginiana, a very old plant in English gardens which came to us, as its name implies, from the Southern United States. It grows about 4 feet high, a rigid herbaceous plant, with a closely-packed bunch of flowers at the top. The flowers are arranged in four rows, each row facing one point of the compass, so that the whole set are in the form of a cross, and the calyx of each flower works on a sort of hinge. But any of the rows, or all the rows, can be moved by the finger to face any other than the natural way, and I when so moved they remain as placed. This 'arrangement is technically described as "flowers cataleptic" — i.e., the flowers can be placed in any position and there remain. I do not know whether they can be so moved by the wind or by any other external force, but I believe there is no other plant in the world that has its flowers so arranged ; \ and the question at once arises, what can be the ' use of this arrangement in the life-history of the plant ? When Darwin wrote his excellent work on the movements of plants, he made no mention of this one. I wrote to him and described it, and at once received an answer, written with his habitual unassuming modesty, that "the case is quite now to me and seems inexplicable " ; and he hoped to examine it further. But that was in the autumn of DSSl, and he died in the spring of 1882, before he could have had the opportunity of studying it. I was also able to put the question to Professor Asa Gray, and as the plant is American, he of course knew it, but he could give cient for its relations in other countries, but this is no more than a guess. The Acsenas are plants that always interest me. They form a small family of pretty creeping plants chiefly found in the southern temperate and antarctic regions, especially in New Zealand. They all form burrs that cling to anything, the clinging character arising from spines on the calyx. One would have imagined that, so long as they could cling, one form of spine would do as well as another, but it would not ; and so each species is furnished with its own particular form. In one species it is almost invisible, in another it is a simple, straight, sharp spine, in another a spine with a single barb, in another a spine with a double barb. One can only suppose that in each case a dift'erent enemy has to be guarded against ; and that a defence which would be sufficient in one place against the special enemy of that place would be insufficient against the enemies to be I found in another place. But the Acrenas belong to the Rosacea:, which include such large families ! as the Roses, Brambles, Potentillas, &c., and the same difficulty about the spines meets us in other members of the tribe, especially the Roses. D DIERAJIA (SPARAXIS) PULCHERRIMA PEN'DITA AT MOUNT DSHER. no explanation ; he suggested that it was a sur- vival of something that was once useful to the plant, but could go no further. Close to the Physostegia I have a young plant of Cydonia sinensis. It is a recent introduction from North China, and is closely allied to our old favourite the Pyrus japonica. It is remarkable for its large fruit, which, however, I have not seen, though I hope to do so yet, for the fruit has been described to me by some as being the size of a cricket-ball, by others as the size of a football. This by itself would be sufficient to make the plant attractive, but it has one peculiarity which makes it to me much more so. Looked at casually, there seems nothing very particular to notice in the leaves, but looked at more closely it is seen that the petioles and the margins of every leaf are thickly set with stalked glands, very much re- sembling in miniature the glands on the Sundews. Why should this particular Cydonia be so pro- vided differently to all other Quinces ? I can but guess that in its native country, either from the climate or some other cause, the leaves require an additional breathing apparatus to what is suffi- Every Rose is more or less protected with thorns and prickles, and each species is almost as much distinguished by its thorns, their shape, and number, as by its flowers, and leaves, and fruit. And speaking of Roses and the family of Rosacefe, I cannot pass by one very special puzzle. It is a distinctive mark of the whole tribe to have flowers with five petals, whether they are Roses or Brambles or any other genus. But there is one very curious exception in the R. sericea of the Himalayas, which has only four petals. Very rarely a flower may be seen with the normal five petals ; but the rest have four petals only, and I believe no vestige of a fifth can be found. This peculiarity can scarcely be put down to anything in the climate or situa- tion because there are many other Roses in the Himalayas, all five-petalled. And, speaking of the Brambles, I have recently noted a feature in one of the species which can scarcely, perhaps, be called a puzzle, but which I think worth noticing. The dainty little Rubus japonicus tricolor dies down in the autumn, but in March it sends up branches of young shoots which are of a deep blood-red colour. As these grow on, the leaves THE GARDEN. [January 3, 1903. A CROUP OF MR. GABRIELS ZONAL PELARGONIUMS (WINTER). become a pale green mottled with pink and white, and then in the autumn the fading leaves put on the same deep red colour that they had in the spring. I observe the same thing in a shrub of quite a different family, the Euonymus alatus from Japan and other parts of Asia. In the autumn the leaves become of a most lovely rose colour, making the bush at that time one of the richest in autumnal tints ; and now I notice that the young shoots are thickly studded with leaf buds of exactly the same beautiful rose tints. This is probably the case with many other plants, but I had not noticed it, and I think it worth noticing, for it seems to me to link together in a very pretty way the two ends of the plant's life ; the first childhood of the plants leading to vigorous life, with the second childhood leading to senile decay, just as Wordsworth wished his "days to be joined each to each in natural piety." One more puzzle, and I have done ; for I only wish to point out from a few well-known plants the puzzles which may be found in infinite variety in every plant that grows. The Fuchsias form a family of shrubby plants, which I very much admire, and grow many of them, as being most useful for flowering in the autumn. They are, nearly all of them, from South America and the Andes, and none have been found in Europe, Asia, Africa, or Australia. But two species are found in New Zealand, and it is in these two species that the puzzle lies. It is a distinct genuine mark of all the South American and Andean species that the leaves are ojiposite, but in the two New Zealand species the leaves are alternate. Now why should these two New Zealanders insist on being unlike all their relations '! What advantage comes to them from it, or what is there in their surroundings or climate that makes the difference essential to their well-being ? I cannot say, but it was long ago noticed that the products of Australasia had a habit of being alike, yet markedly unlike, their relations elsewhere ; so that an early writer described it as a country where "the barometer rises before bad weather and falls before good ; where the swans are black and the eagles TEOPiEOLUM SPECIOSUM. Si jiouGHTON HoE " asks for details regarding' the culture of the Flame Nasturtium. The best plan is to procure tubers which are long and thin and much like the roots of the great Bindweed in the spring, and lay these in cocoanut fibre in a shallow box. Then sprinkle the fibre with a fine rose water-can and stand the box under glass. The tubers will soon show growth, and as soon as this is apparent the box should be placed in a shady position in the open. Sites should now be prepared for the recep- tion of the tubers, holes 18 inches deep and 2 feet in diameter being made and filled with leaf-mould and peat mixed with road grit. These holes should be situated where little or no sun falls upon them, as in the south, strong sunlight falling upon the lower portions of the stem and the soil covering the roots of this Tropjeolum generally proves harmful, though in Scotland it grows like a weed in any position. The upper portions of the growth enjoy the fullest sunlight, and the best examples to be met with in the southern counties are usually those which have been planted beneath evergreens, such as Yews or Rhododendrons, which, while keeping the roots and lower portions constantly shaded, allow the sunshine to have full play on the shoots which emerge through their foliage and are glorious in their vermilion colouring through the summer. When the tubers have made from 4 inches to 6 inches of growth they should be carefully removed from the box, together with the fibre adhering to their roots, and planted in the prepared sites. The soil should never be allowed to become dry, and should have copious supplies of water, which soon percolate through the porous compost. Tropieolum speciosum is also readily raised from seed. S. W. Fitzhereert. are white ; where an animal between the squirrel and the deer (the kangaroo) hops on its tail ; where the mole lays eggs and has a duck's bill ; where the (apparent) Pears are made of wood with the stalk at the broader end; and where the Cherry grows with the stone on the outside." I must leave the New Zealand Fuchsias in this strange company without attempting to account for their peculiarities. It was not my intention to explain, or try to explain, any of the puzzles which I have noted in this paper, but simply to show that the garden is full of them, and that a gardener who thinks he knows all about his plants is very much mistaken, and that the better state, and the state more likely to lead to a fuller knowledge of plant life is the state of docta ignoravtia, the knowledge that you are ignorant, (iuesses at the answer to the puzzles are good, provided they do not claim to be proofs ; they may be the first steps to proofs, but they very often are the first steps to a long series of errors for — "Men may construe things after their fashion, Clean from the purpose of the things themselves." Many and sweet are the uses of a garden. It is at different times a delight, an interest, a friend and a companion, always changing yet always the same. But it is also a teacher, and a teacher of the most winning kind, for it makes no fuss or noise in its teaching, and compels no one to learn but those who are willing. To them it gives every help ; book after book it opens for them, which they may read or not. It opens the book of the Primrose, and to the many it is nothing more than a yellow Primrose, but a Darwin passes by, and he reads the book through and through, and he reads between the lines and learns from it some of the mysteries of the cross-fertilisation of plants. I can lay claim to nothing like that, but I have learned much from my gentle teacher, and the best lesson I have learned is the lesson of my own ignorance ; and I take to myself the lesson which was long ago sent to Esdras — "Thine own things and such as are grown up with thee thou canst not know ; and the more thou searchest, the more thou shalt marvel." H. N. Ellacombe, in The Pilot. THE INDOOR GARDEN. ZONAL PELARGONIUMS IN WINTER, 1 HEREWITH enclose some photographs of my zonal Pelargoniums which perhaps might be of some use to you. I think it may also interest you to know the way in which I treat the plants. Good strong cuttings are taken in the month of Feb- ruary and potted in the ordinary way in small pots and kept on the shelf in the greenhouse until ihey are struck, being careful to keep them on the dry side. When struck they are potted separately into 3-inch pots and put back on the shelf and left there till the pots are well filled with roots. They are then potted into 5-inch pots and kept in the greenhouse till the beginning of August, when they are set out on an ash-bed in the garden in a good sunny position, the flowers of course being kept pinched off the whole summer. Then at the beginning of September they are put back into the house where they are to bloom and occasionally fed with weak manure. They will then commence to throw up fine trusses and continue to give a magnificent display of bloom throughout the winter till the cutting time comes again. I consider the secret of success in growing these plants is to be very careful in watering and to keep the atmosphere as dry as possible. I had the photographs of the single heads taken exactly life-size, and if you measure them you will notice that several of the pips are just on 3 inches across. C. B. Gabriel. Eatdnlr, Horsell, Wokiiuj, Surrey. [We thank Mr. Gabriel heartily for sendingphoto- graphs of flowers so bright and useful in winter as these, and those present at one of the recent meet- ings of the Royal Horticultural Societ)' will remem- ber with pleasure the brilliant and varied colouring of the flowers in the November light of the Drill Hall. Many readers would, we feel sure, be glad to have the names of the varieties grown by Mr. Gabriel, and the colours of the flowers. — Ed.] BRUNFELSIA CALYCINA. We reojived some time ago a photograph from Mr. J. Tutcher, of the Botanic Gardens, Hong January 3, 1903.] THE GARDEN. Kong, under the name of B. ramosissima, and, according to Bome authorities, thi8 should be the name for the so-called species of Bruiifelsia or Franciscea cultivated in gardens as calycina, confertifiora, pauciflora, lindeniana, macrantha, &c. These may be distinct enough for garden purposes to require distinctive names, but botanists call them all forms of one species, and that one, according to the most recent decision at Kew, is B. calycina, the type of which is shown in the Botanical Mayazine, 4583 (1851). So far the names. With regard to the horticultural merit of the genus one may say that it is considerably greater than is now recognised. There are several beautiful bushes of the form called macrantha in the Mexican house at Kew. They are planted in the borders, and receive no more attention than a common Laurel in the open air, yet they grow and flower most profusely every spring. The leaves are not unlike those of the Pontic Daphne, whilst the flowers in shape, size, and colour are similar to those of Aehinienes longiflora ; in other words, they are nearly 2 inches across and of a rich purple-blue colour. It is evident from the photograph that in Hong Kong this Brunfelsia is a shapely free- flowering shrub. Twenty or thirty years ago big specimens of Brunfelsia, or Franciscea as they were then called, were familiar objects at our horticultural exhibitions. They are worth a place among present-day popular plants for the warm greenhouse, where the}' are happiest when treated as above described, that is, planted in a border of loamy soil and kept in bounds by a little timely pinching and pruning. I Venetian blinds in lieu of the Californian redwood, which it resembles in colour. Its distinct habit should render it a desirable acquisition in any collection of coniferas. Dunedin, Neiu Zealand. A. B.v.thgatt. TREES AND SHRUBS. LIBOCEDEUS BIDWILLII.] IN a note on Libocedrus macro! epis in The Garden of August 10 last, " H. P." says "the only thoroughly hardy member of the genus is L. decurrens," and he mentions L. doniana from the North Island of New Zealand as being too tender for outdoor cultivation, but he makes no reference to the other New Zealand species, L. Bidwillii, from which I infer it is not well known if it has been intro- duced into England. This surprises me, as it is very well worth growing, and should prove quite hardy in at least the south of England. In this neighbour- hood it formed the greater part of the "bush," now alas ! almost entirely destroyed, on the upper slopes of Mount Carzill, a hill which rises to a height of nearly 2,300 feet to the north of the town. It is a much hardier tree than L. doniana, and, in the situation referred to it flourishes, notwithstanding its complete exposure to not infrequent snowstorms brought direct from the South Pole by " southerly busters " during the winter. Though naturally the trees did not descend below 1,000 feet from the summit, if, indeed, they came so low, they proved easy of cultiva- tion at lower levels and of more rapid growth than most of the New Zealand forest trees, though that is not saying much, as the growth of most of our conifers is extremely slow. One which I have in my garden, and brought when about 6 inches high from the hills over twenty- five years ago, is a handsome columnar-shaped tree some 15 feet or so in height. It was planted in a poor piece of ground that had never been dug, otherwise its growth would probably have been more rapid. It never attains a_ very large size, though it yields a durable timber, which was formerly valued for fencing, and at one time was used for making TRANSPLANTING LARGE TREES AND SHRUBS. Many landscape gardeners and landowners when laying out new gardens or parks plant the largest sized trees and shrubs they can obtain from the nurserymen, with the idea of minimising, as far as possible, the appearance of " newness " which such places must neces- sarily have when first planted. Needless to say, those who follow this rule have to pay for it — often in more ways than one — and in many cases much time and money would be saved and far more gratifying results obtained by planting younger, free-growing, though smaller plants. The one great objection to jilanting ZONAL PELARGONIUM BAEBARA HOPE. (]