UMASS/AMHERST 312066 0333 3073 V - 'A. .. V.-wft'.'^ ■' ■^^K C^ *" Jf ^. ''vi^vnT^ ■-^■^t +N«*t?1 >, .•«• -r/ ,.VV-T^, ..%^- •*"' "4 '-'^ :4- ,.' '^^..^j ^r vi fr 'H'\ -i ^ T^::."^G' -^r- : i 'yvZ-.^:^J^-' LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE NO., ^^(^_0 g3__ DATE.4 rl?05. souHCE(^^Ue$e...._yjLLri.ds. V ■ bio -The Gardes.] [December 31, 1904. The Garden-.] [December 31, 1904. F. \V. BURBIDGE, M.A. V.M.H. „<7^.££S^^?©i^ AN Illustrated Weekly Journal OF Horticulture in all its Branches. Founded by W. Robinson in 1871. Edited by Mr. E. T. COOK. VOL. LXVI. CHRISTMAS, 1904. lou\;dod\;. Office: 20, TAVISTOCK STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W^.C, Published by HUDSON & KEARNS, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, W.C, and by Messrs. GEO. NEWNES, Ltd., 7-12, Southampton Street, Strand. The (jjiEDEV.] I "^■'^ [December 31, 1904. — TO — F. W. BURBIDGE, M.A. THE SIXTY-SIXTH VOLUME OF "THE GARDEN" Is dedicated. M' II. BUEBIDG-E, whose name is a household word in the world of flowers, was born at Wymeswold, Leicestershire, on March 21, 18i7. His father — Mr. John Burbidge — was a farmer and fruit grower, and in childhood's days the son gained that love for horticulture which has dominated a useful and active life. Mr. Burbidge was educated by home study and in village schools, and was later a student of horticulture in private gardens and in the Chiswick garden of the Koyal Horticultural Society, where he obtained in 1868 premier prizes and certificates at the examinations of that well-known horticultural centre. Mr. Burbidge also gained high honours in the examinations of the Society of Arts (1874), and from Chiswick entered the Royal Gardens, Kew, where his thoughts were directed to the acquii'ement of botany and horticultural science. Mr. Burbidge has written many valuable works. The first to appear was "Domestic Floriculture" (1875); "The Narcissus," a monument of industry and classification (1875); "Cultivated Plants ' (1877); Horticulture in Stamford's Series on "British Industries," in the same year; "The Gardens of the Sun, or Travels in Borneo and Sulu Archipelago" (188U); and "The Chrysanthemum" (1884-85), &c. From the year 1873 to 1«77 Mr. Burbidge was a member of the staflf of The Garden, but during 1877-78 visited Borneo, a journey fruitful in good results, many original drawings being made, dried specimens collected, and now popular plants introduced. The following, among others, were introduced by Mr. Burbidge from the tropics : Nepenthes Rajah (Mt. Kina Balu) ; N. bicalcarata (Lawas River) ; Burbidgea nitida Hook, f., new genus (Lawas River) ; Cypripedium lawrenceanum (mountains near Brunei); Pinanga Veitchii (forests, Lawas River); Piptospatha insignis and Gamogyne Burbidgei (both from Tawaran River) ; Pothos celatocaulis (Labuaii) ; Dcndrobium Burbidgei and D. cerinum (both from Sulu Archipelago) ; BuH»(jph3'llum leysianum and B. petreianum (from the foot of Kina Balu, beside streams) ; Phalsenopsis Marine (Sulu Islands) ; Acrides Burbidgei, rosy flowered (from Sulu). Calceolaria Burbidgei (W. E. U.) was raised in the College Gardens, Dublin, in 1880 ( = C. Pavoni x C. fuchsirefolia). It is a useful plant, flowering nearly all the year, and especially during winter. Mr. Bui-bidge has lieen Curator of the Trinity College Botanic Gardens, Dublin, since 1879, and his experience gamed there has been willingly given to the horticultural press and Journals of the Royal Horticultural Society. An enthusiastic gardener and botanist, Wr. Burbidge has our heartiest wishes for years of health to carry on his horticultural work in the gardens which he has done so much to improve and make a centre for botanical research and horticultural practice in Ireland. Mr. Burbidge is an Honorary Master of Arts of the Dublin University (T.C.D.) and Member of the Royal Irish Academy, a Victorian Medallist of Honour and Veitch Medallist, besides holding other honourable degrees. Vol. LXVI.] [" The Garden," December 31, 1904. INDEX Aberdeen Bolanlc Gardens, 218 Abutilun vitifuiium, S Acacia baileyana, 95, 134 ; linifolia, 287 Acalyphas, 60 AceCyUne, use of refuse of, 84 Achillea mongolica, 23 Aconitum Wilsoui, 22U Adiantumfarleyeose failing, 84 Aerides, 354 ^schyuanthus maculatus, 53 .^sculus indica, 54 ^Chiouema pulchellum, 23 Agapaiilhus umbellatua in ihe flower garden, 172 Akebia quinata fruit, 254 Ailamauda grandillora, 19 Allamundaa, 12S Alpine House in December, the, 389 Almugtiee, the, 113 Aloyaia citiiodora, 6U Alpine and border dowers at Stirling, 89 Alpine (lowers, protection of, 2S6 ; garden congress at Naye, the, 169 ; Pinks, growing the, 55 ; plants, cultivation of, 7 Amaryllis, 2tio ; Belladonna, ISO ; B. maxima, 135 ; B. purpurea major, 219 America, ati English garden in, 336 American blight. 79 Amorpha catiescens, 141 Anemone atpina, 195 ; fulgens, 213 ; japonica crispa, 255; j. Queen Charlotte, 203; j. rosea superba, 259; j. Whirlwind, 291; Pulsatilla, 188 Anemones, 352 Anguccum infundibulare, 109 Anguloas, 354 Annual flowers, 199 ; beautiful, 152 Annuals as bedding plants, 263 ; half-hardy, in 1904, 171 ; hardy, some pretty, 104 ; some interesting, 362 Anomatheca crueuta, 120 Anopteris glandulosa losing its leaves, 100 Anthericum Liliastrum giganteum, 34 Antholyza paniculata major, 348 Antirrhinum glutinosum, 223 Aotus gracillima, 3 Aphelandra chamissoniana, 52 Aphides or plant lice, 299 Apple, a fine, Thomas Rivers, 202 ; AlUngton Pippin, 304; Beauty of Bath, 213, 228,369; Bramley's 8eedling, 299 ; Charles Ross, 304 ; Curnish Aromatic, 324 ; cuttings, striking, 340 ; growing, an experiment in, 302 ; harvest, the, 117 ; Hector Macdonald, 305 ; Isidore Dupont, 316 ; James Grieve, 180 ; King's Acre Bountiful, 304; Lady Sudeley, 163, 230, 263, 335, 359 ; Mabbott's Pearmain, 370; Miller's Seedling, 167; new, the Rev. W. Wilks, 250; Rival, 304; Rival and others, 335; Ribston Pippin, 290; Tom Putt, 256 ; Werder's Golden Reinette, 304 ; "VVoi cester Pearmain in 1904, 239 Apples, 210, 233 ; and Pears, 334 ; for profit, imported c. English-grown, 301 ; the newer, 304 ; as cordon espaliers, 369 ; Cornish, 384 ; early, 136 ; for special purposes, selections of, 314 ; good orchard, 237 ; new, recently shown by Mr. Ross, 359 ; preservation of, by cold storage, 169 ; valueless, 135 Apricut, Moor Hark, 223 Apricots, 23, 128, 233 ; failing, 197 Aquilegias, hybrid, 69 Arabis, the double, 53 Arbor Vittv hedge, 200 Argemone grandiflora, 203 Armagh, flowers from, 60 Artichoke, globe, growing the, 98 Artichokes, globe, 128, 265 ; Jerusalem, 78, 334. 340 Arundo conspicua, 121, 297 Aspuragus, 232, 234; beds, forming, 346; destroyer, a, 100 ; forcing, 353 ; when to plant, 42 ; subulatus var. gracilis, 220 Aster Finchley White, 238, 255; Perry's Favourite, 238 Astilbe Davidi, 256 Aubrietias, 328 Auricula, Che, July, 5 ; alpine Thetis, 397 ; in August, S3; in September, 164; in October, 228 ; in December, 379 Autumn, ihe, 235 ; tints, 269 Avenues, 35 . Azalea occidentalis, 31 Azaleas for forcing, 334 ; Indian, 177 B. Baden-Baden, note? from, 71 Balsam, an "American," 169 Banana, the, 145 Bateson, Mr. William, F.R.S., 359 Bean, runner. Lye's Favourite, 256 Beans. French, 28, 153, 265 ; in late autumn, 386 ; long runner, 232 Bedding plants, 366 ; propagating, 195 ; spring, 279, 333 ; summer, 94 Beech hedges, 84 Beetroot, 234 Begonia Argus, 151 ; bowringeana, 19 ; Coral- lina, 264 ; Count Zeppelin, 120, 134, 236 ; Gloire de Sceaux, 264 ; Gloire de Lorraine, 79, 196, 313, 367; leaves diseased, 340; Mrs. Bertram Currie, 168 ; Washington, 120 Begonias, 231 ; at Reading, 282 ; tuberous, 214, 279 ; Messrs. Blackmore and Lang- don's, 243 Belladonna Lily at Fortfleld House, Terenure, County Dublin, 286 Belladonna Lilies, 297 Berberis Darwini, 173 Benthamia fragifera. 256, 352 Bethel, Mr. James, 339 Biarum or Ischarum eximiura, 304 Birch, Red or River, the, 327 Border and alpine flowers at Stirling, 89 ; colour in the, 381 ; flower, colour arrange- ment in the, 408 ; mixed, colour in the, 209, 272, 290, 326, 345, 398 Borders, herbaceous, 328, 333; mixed, 97 Bougainvillea Maud Chettleburgh, 77 Bournemouth, a note from, 150 Bouvardias, 79, 81, 313 Bowling-green scorched by the sun, restoring a, 116 Brassavola digbyana, 280 Bravoa geminiflura, 103 British Columbia, the climate of, 352 British plants, uses of, 36, 72 Broccoli, 265 Brockwell Park, at, 319 Broome Garden, round the, 32 Browallia speciosa major, 196, 281 Brussels Sprouts, 353 Buddleia variabilis veitchiana, 87, 220, 256, 237 Bulb culture, 332 ; farming in Ireland, 217 Bulbous plants for greenhouse and border, select, 234 Bulbs, autumn and winter, 143 ; blue- flowered, of spring, 227 ; for the green- house, 257, 274; from Lowdham, 146; in grassland, planting, 323 ; in the mixed burder, 223; remaining dormant, 39; sum- mer and autumn flowering, some, 204, 221 ; suggestions for the grouping of, 253, 271 ; to be potted, 153, 246 BuUace, the Langley, 302, 353 Bulletin de la Soci6t6 Fran^aise d'Hortlcul- ture de Londies, 129 Cabbage, 128, 265 ; sprinc, 23 Cabbages, pricking out, 253 Cacti, hardy, 176 Ciesalpinia japonica, 54 Caladium Aigyrites, 169 Caladiums, 123, 265 Calanthes. 331, 385 ; and Dendrobium nobile at Buxted Park, 375 ; deciduous, 233 Calceolaria amplexicaulis, 100; cuttings, 233 Calendar, a general, 210, 231, 249, 253, 275, 294, 323, 346, 363, 399 Callirhoe, 403 Calochorti, new, 309 Calycanthus floridus, 8 Calystegia pubescens flore-pleno, 220, 254 Camellias, 14 ; as wall plants, 231 ; some good, 236 Campanula garganica alba, 107; hybrida Fergusoni, 192 ; isophylla alba and C. Mayi, 70 ; lacLillora, 103 ; muralis major, 13; patula, 57 ; persicifolia coronata alba, 6 ; p. Moerheimi, 76 ; portenschlagiana bavarica, 407; puUoides, 203, 255; pyra- midalis, 172 Canada and the schools, 168 Cape Colony, thinning fiuit in, 112 Caper, the, 120 Capsicum aouuum var. conoides, 331 Carnation, a white seedling, 102 ; Duchess of Fife, 384; Germariia, 86; in the garden, the, 137; layering, 60; Lizzie McGowan, 396 ; Miss Audrey Campbell, 263 ; Mrs. Frank Shuttleworth, 18 ; Raby Castle, 71 ; While Star, 400 ; winter, Dr. W. G. Grace, 359 Carnations, 213 ; and Pinks for vases, 97 ; a note on, 359 ; at Edenside, 193 ; for winter flowering, 210 ; fragrant, 315 ; in a Lewes garden, 113 Carnations, in the flower garden, 152 ; Mulmaison, 94, 246, 351 ; Marguerite, 100 ; M., in November, 359 ; more fragrant, wanted, 231 ; some beautiful seedling, 101 ; tree, 43, 177 ; t., hybrid, 24u; two new, 239 Carpenteria californica, 9S, 126 ; in the north of Scotland, 142 Carpet bedding, 13 Cairots, 44, 246 Cassia corymbosa, 237 ; marylandica, 146 Catalpa bignonioides, 205 Cattleya bowringiana, 129; Harrisonae, 79; Mendelii Pink Pearl, 30 Cauliflower, 314; Veitch's Autumn Giant, 199, 230 ; Veitch's selected early forcing, 95 Cauliflowers, 110. 232, 234 ; autumn-sown, 281 ; planting, 25S Ceanothus divaricatus, S ; Indigo, 137 Cedars, Lebanon, our eailiest, 140 ; the, 161, 178; on Mount Lebanon, the, 124, 173 Celery, 44. 110, 265, 314 ; fly, the, 26 ; maggot, the, 116, 271 ; protecting, 340 ; some notes on, 159; Sutton's Superb Pink, 376 Centaurea suaveolens, S3 Cestrum aurantiacum, 3!^»7 Chalk pit, flowers fur a, 296 Cherry, introduction of the, 134 Cherries, 61, 333 Chironia floribunda (ixifera), 52 Chlidanthus fragrans, 34 Choisya ternata, 3 ; in Scotland, 34 Chrysanthemum Devonshire Cream. 233 ; early-flowering, Cariie, 219; Freedom, 325 ; Improved Masse. 256 ; Snowflake, 256 ; J. B. Duvoir, 256 ; Veuve Clicquot, 325 ; indicum, 391- Chrysanthemums, fragrant hardy, 363 ; French, 395 ; hardy, 321 ; Japanese, phe- nomenal lilooms of, 375 ; Messrs. W. Wells and Co.'s, 336 ; new, at the National Chry- santhemum show at the Crystal Palace, 350 ; new Japanese, 395 ; notts on, 136, 307; Pompon, miniature - fiowered, 376; propagating, 367 ; seasonable notes, 193 ; staging large flowers of white early-Hower- ing varieties, 207 Cineraria stellaia, 303 Cinerarias, 79, 246 Chrysanthemum Goacher's Crimson, 135 ; Harvest Home, 287 ; Kathleen Thompson, 331 ; Lemon Queen. 324 ; maximum King Edward, 281 ; Miss Elsie, 343 ; Mrs. Charles Davis, 343; new, R. Pemberton, 219; novelties at the Crystal Palace, 323 ; at the Horticultural Hall, 'JOl ; Ralph Curtis, 325 ; sports, 236; trials at Taniwurth, 136 Chrysanthemums, 101; a new yellow, 406; at Arundel House, Dumfries, 359 ; at Ballathie, Blairttowrie, 343; at Battersea Park, 323 ; at Dumfries, 300 ; at Keston and Lewisham, 367; at Swanley, 319; at the Royal Botanic Society's Gardens, 359 ; at Warren House, Stanmore, 323 ; border, 352; development of. 406; early- flowering, 120, 2SS ; from a City gaiden, 240 ; new, 415 ; single, 415 Ciirupetalum Medusas, 314; picturatum, 314 ; Thouarbii, 314 Cistus ladaniferus, 20. 142, 257 City development, 401 City garden, a, 325 Clandon Park, Surrey, the Earl of Onslow's garden, 241 Clematis davidiana, 203 ; grata, 365 ; Hilarii, 220 ; Jackmaiu alba, 16 ; montana, 347 ; var. niveus, 271 Clematises, some new hybrid, 74 Clerkenwell, a flower show in, 118 Clerudendrou fallax, 119 ; foecidum, 199 Clianthus Dampieri, grafting, 184 Climbers for fence, 200; haidy, for Argyll- shire, 162 ; planting wall, 391 Clivia leaves diseased, 340 CUvias, lust on, 360 Clydesdale fruit district, motor vehicles for the, 52 Coccoloba grandifolia, 83 Cochlioda noezliana. 10 Cudonopsis ovata, 57 Ccelogyne cristata, 354 Colax jugosus, 110 Colchicum Bornmulleri, 187 ; giganteum, 245 Colchicums, some good, 361 Coleu?, 27 Culeuses, 177 Colonial fruit, preserved fruits, and jams, show of, 239 Colour in the garden, 334 Conifers, 246 Cordylioe australis, flowers of, 60; indivisa, 296 i. Vera 261 Conservatory, baskets of plants in the, 10 Coreopsis grandiflora superba, 244 Cornflowers, 86 Cornus Kousa, 54 Cotoneaster angustifolia, 407 ; horizontalia, 409 Cottage and allotment gardening, 135 Crabs, new, and their value in the garden, 262 Crassula coccinea in the open, 119 ; falcata, 180 Craiffigus, the, at Kew, 277 Crocus pulchellus, 291 Crocuses, wild, 224 Crotons, 214 Cucumber growing under glass, 332 Cucumbers, 23, 94, 153, 216, 298 ; autumn- fruiting, 153 ; winter, 266, 352 Cupressus lawsoniana erecta AUumii, 303 Currant tree, black, diseased, 340 Currants, red, as cordons, 299 Cyanide as an insecticide, 232 Cyclamen cUicicum, 312 ; from seed, raising, 27 ; grubs in, 84 ; neapolitanum flowering without soil, 168 Cyclamens, 60, 195 Cyderland, in, 302, 374 Cypella Herberti, 53 Cypripedium F. K. Sander, 293 ; insigne and vars., 233; i. at the Woodlands, 407; spectabile in the south of Scotland, 56 j Cypripediums, 142, 231 Cymbidiums, two new, 141 Datfodil growing in England, 279 Daffodils in Antrim Garden, 411; late planting of. 3S0 ; the seed time and harvest of, 37 Dahlia, Cactus, Columbia, 202 Dahlias, 28, 74, 84, 195 ; at Crawley, Sussex, 281 ; Cactus, 247, 325 ; for the flower garden, 326; single, 239, 230 ; lifting and storing, 279; from seed, 151; some good new, 222 ; work among the, 37 Daisies, 10 Damson, early, a valuable, 212; Shropshire, 210 Damsons, 211 ; in 1904, 165 Daphne Cueorum, 57 I Dean Hole, memories of, 218; the late, memorial to, 343 j Decoration, thoughts on Christmas, 421 j Delphiniums, seedling, 60 ( Dendrobium atrovioiaceum, 332; brymeria- nura, 61 ; chrysanthum, 44; chrysotoxum and D. suavissimum, 44 ; densittornm and I thyrsifiorum and D. Farmeri, 44 ; for- ! mosum giganteum and others, 332 ; nobile and Calanthes at Buxted Park, 375 ; Parishii, 62 ; Phalrenopsis schibderianum, 332 ; primulinum, 62 ; spectabile, 332 ; Venus, 61 Dendiobiuras, 159 ; deciduous, 62 Desmodium penduliflnrum, 224, 254, 255 Deutzias for forcing, 391 Diacrium bicornutum (syn. Epidendrum bicornutum), 9 Dianthus Atkinsoni, 6; deltoides, 224; giganteu?, 122 ; plumarius, 260 Digitalis obscurus, 20, 53, 76 Dimorphotheca Ecklonia, 31 ; in the open, 39 Dingwall, Mr. George, 336 Diosma capitata, 19 Diostea juncea, 8 Dipladeniasaud their culture, 298 Doronicum plantagineum. 213 Doryanthes Palmer! and offsets, 334 Dracaena australis out of doors, 209 Drought, some effects of the, 51 Dundee Flower Market, IS Dusseldorf, international fruit show at, 134 E. East End flower shows, the Queen at, 52 Echium, dye from, 303 Echiums, some, 59 Edgings in the kitchen garden, 201 Edinburgh, public bowling greens in, 255 Eg? plant, the, 236 Elder, as a nurse tree, the, 340 ; the scarlet berried, 76 Elms, silver variegated, 343 Endive, 13, 2S0 ; and Lettuce, 232 Engineers, heating and ventilating, institu- tion of, 303 English Gardens, some, 371 Eomecon chionautha, 291 Epacris, 14 XLo'fs VI. INDEX. [" The Garden," December 31, 1904. Epidendrum ciliare, 2811 Epigie I repens, 34 Epipliyltuni deljcatum, 375 Eremuri, the, 376 Eremurus, 232 ; Buiigei at Colchester, 150 ; robu3tus in Scotland, 369 Erica and Epacris, 205 ; lusitanica, 375 Ericas, 14 Erigeron salsuginosus, 255 Erodium pelargoniitlorum, 18 Ei-j'sinium penifskianum, 243 Etcallonia phillipiana, 54, 64 Eucalyptus globulus in flower, 240 Euchans amazonica, 43 Eucryphia pinnatitida, 16S Euoiiynius alatus, 287 Eupaioriiini aiizonicum, 375; violaceura, 35S ; weinmannianum, 302, 384 Euphorbia jacquini.Ttlora, 334 Evening in the garden, 17 Evening Primrose, the Dandelion-leaved, 224 Evergreens, planting, in summer, 1U6, 160 Everlastings, 195 Evolution, 359 Exochorda grandiflora, 141 Fern, a fine Hart's-tongue, 129 ; spores, 154 ; the Uik. 1711 fernery, the, 143 Ferns for baskets, 340 Fig tree, a barren, 199 ; for ornament, 199 ; in Sark, a, 318 ; trees, 191 ; on walls, 346 Figs, 14, 110, 144, 214, 280, 382; in the Channel Islands, 213 Fir, the Scotch, 193 Flarae Flower, the, 271, 350 Flax, the New Zealand in Kirkcudbright- shire, 71 Floral decorations by Wills and Segar, 52 Flower and vegetable trials at VVisley, 102 ; beds, 78 ; winter, a favourite, 383 Flowers and fruit, arranging, 147 ; British at the St. Louis Exhibition, 286 ; for autumn, red and blue, 375 ; for wet and sunless places, 89 ; from Christchurch, 82 ; from Exeter, 163 ; from Kingawear, 82 ; from Somersetshire, 357; from South Devon, 82; some rare, 199 ; some good winter flowers, 391 ; tall, for cutting, 92 Foam Flower, the, 87; and Spireei lindley- ana, 162 Foresters' and Planters' Guide, Clibran's, 332 Forests, wild and cultivated, 374 Forestry at the Highland Society's show, 71 Fjrsythias, 292 Foxgloves, 16 ; and Poppies, 287 Francoa ramosa, 328 Freesias, 79, 100, 196, 369 Fremontia californica, 3 Fritillaria aurea, 271 Fruit at the Colchester show, 386 ; at the dairy show, 255; British Columbian, 287 ; Colonial and foreign, 415 ; crops and insect pests, 17 ; crops and Sep- tember sunshine, 250; culture at The Manse, Bracebridge, Lincoln, 12 ; fly parasite, discovery of the, 383 ; gathering, 214; growing, draining land tor, 340; in Queensland, 169 ; hardy, 61. 233, 333 ; home-grown. 301 ; industry, British, 150, 373, 391 ; in Lincolnshire, 247 ; selection, a, 116 ; show, a great, 237 ; thinning of, 49 ; trees in pots at Bishop's Stortford, 118 ; on clay soil, planting of, 364 ; on lawns, 316 ; planting, 258 ; bush, 280 Fruits, bush, propagation of, 305 ; Colonial, exhibition of, 2.56; hardy, 249; in season, 430 ; thinning, 43 ; useful Colonial and foreign, 101, 122, 427 Fruitful year, lessons from a, 321 Fnchsia Bright's Delight, 239; charming, 219; flower, curious, 236; hardy, bouquet, 169; Caledonia, 220; Mme. Cornelisen, 167, 229; -Riccartoni, 296; triphylla, 86- hybrids of, ii9 Fuchsias as basket plants, 95 ; hardy, 292 Funkia grandifiora, 223 Funkias for house flecoration, 208 Furze bushes, old, 116 ; the dwarf, 340 Oaillardias. 109 Oalanthus Elwesii, giant bulhs of, 210 Galega Uartlandi, 60, 70; bicolorgiandiflora. 120 Galvanised pe^s, 100 Gaye, E. Lowestoft, 160 Garden, a Surrey woodland, 6; a water, Rose, and Japanese, 160 ; operations, calendar of, 332 ; round about a, 41, 49, 121, 156, 166, 216, 260, 276. 293, 366, 380, 428; ground, planting of, 3 Oirdener, presentation to a, 374 Garden school, the Hon. Frances Wolseley's, 270 Gardenias, 207 Gardeners' Association, British, in the North, 324 Gardening on the west coast of Scotland, 324 ; school, 70 Gauntlett, Messrs. V. N., Redruth, 11 Gazanias, some new, 347 Genista sclhnensis, 84 ; sagittalis, 63 ; virgata, 76 Gentiana cruciata, 196; c, a remarkable botanical escapade, 87 Gentians, the, 69 Geranium cuttings, 231 ; ivy-leaved, a beau- tiful new, 146 ; Paul Crampbell, 119 Gesnera hybrida, 128 Gilia coronopifoiia, 199 Ginkgo biloba, 344, 409 Gladioli, 81; among Piemies, 218; early flowering, irom Guernsey, 60; from Lang- port, 118 : seedling, 166 Gladiolus, 313 ; princeps, 151 ; tristis var. suiphureus, 107 Glasgow Botanic Gardens, 86 ; Parks Depart- ment, 202 Glastonbury Thorn, the, 376 Giaucium tlavura tricolor, 59 Gleditschia triacanthos, 378 Gloxinia maculata, 2^4 Gloxinias and their culture, 145 ; at EUel, Regent's Park, 63 Goldie Park, Maxwelltown, N.B., opening of 102 Goodacre, Mr. J. H., 202 Gooseberry bushes, caterpillars on, 3, 81 ; cordon, 353 Gooseberries, 258 ; Lancashire, 116 Gorton, Mr. Richard, 115 Gourds, ornamental, 165 Grape, Melton Constable, 353 ; room a fine 203 . . I Grapes cracking, the cause of, 179 ; late, 94, 314 ; Muscat, 43 ; failing, 184 ; on keeping] 383 ; unsatisfactory, 100, 116 Great Warley, a cottage show at, 165 Grass walks in sun or shade. Grasses for winter. 111 Greenhouse, the, 143 Grims Dyke, 240 Grouping, natural, 74 Gynerium argenteum, 39§ H. Hairbells, annual and biennial, 226 Hardy flower combinations, 6, 238 269 274 • grouping of, 40 ; worth growing, some' Harrys, Richard, in praise of, 110 Hedychium, a hybrid, 119 ; gardnerianumin the open, 218 Heleniums, 333 Uelianthus decapetalus, 271 Heliotrope, giant, 240 Helleborus niger, 297 Hemerocallis cilrina and its hybrids l''l ■ species, 254; Dr. Regel, 220, 335;'fulva maculata, 18 Henslow, the Rev. Professor, 368 Hepaticas, 346 Heracleum lehmannianum, 259 Herbaceous border, the, 241, 317 ; borders 213 ; plants, seedling, 352 ' Herbertia pulchella, 108 Herbs, 13, 78, 280 Hesperochiron pumilum, 327, 376 Heuchera sanguinea, 77 Hidalgoa Wercklei, 271 Hoe, the use of the, 50 Hole, the very Rev. Samuel Reynolds, death of the (supplement), 156, 167 Holland Park show, the, 40, 41, 62 Hollies, injured, 16 Hollyhock disease, fighting the, 300 Honey Locust, the, 378 Honeysuckles, three good, 31 Horseradish, 314, 328 Horticultural Club, a new, 35; the 99- Bowdon Amateur. 70, 208 ; East Anglian' 6, , 99 ; " Fakes," 384 ; Hall, onening of, by His Majesty the King, 76, 77 " . Horticulture as a recreation, 150 House, alpine, in December, 390 Hoya bella seedlings, 147 Hudson, Mr. .7. F., M.A., B.Sc, 202 Hunnemannia fumaric-cfolia, 107 Hydrangea Hon ensia var. Lindlevi 140 Hydrangeas, 366; blue, 100; from North Wales, 357 Hypericum hookerianum, 140 Hypericums, some of the shrubby, 155 Ichneumon flies, 179 Impaliens, a new, from Uganda '>06 Indian summer, 393 Iiidigofera decora alba, 119 Insect friends, 179 ; pests, 79 ; and fruit crops, 17 Insecticides, the sale of, 218 Institution, Gardeners' Royal Benevolent annual festival, 1 ; Bristol and Bath Auxiliary, .384 Ipomoja rubro-cicrulea, 41 ; outdoors, 135 Iris gigantea, .58 ; reticulata, 208 ; stylosa growing, 236; susiana, 173; the book of the, 294 ; the .Mourning, 173 Ir;8h railways and farm produce, 302 and the Irises, 16 ; a group of, 8 ; Japanese other flowers, 60; Spanish, 236; cushion, 424 ; three good, 67 Ischarum eximium or Biarum, 304 Isle of Wight, flowers from the, 342 Ivy on walls, 86; the orange-berried, 34; the yellow-berried, 63 Ivies, the bush or tree, 344 Ixoras, ISO Jamaica garden, word-photographs of a, 26 Japanese garden at the World's Fair, 186 Jasmines, two hardy white. 187 Jasminum grandillorum, 166 Jefteries, Mr. John, 68 Kalanchoe flammea, 214 Kales, giant (Crambe), 57 Kalosanthes (Crassula) coccinea, 267 Kitchen garden, edgings in the, 201 Kniphofta mnltillora, 331 ; Nelsoni, 291 • Phcenix, hybrid, 218 ; Tysoni, 244 Knighton, Keston, Kent, 241 Kochia scoparia, 172 Laburnum Adami, 4 ; caramanicum, 187 ■ the .Scotch, 19 Laburnums on arches and pergolas, 211 Lachenalias, 60, 265 L*lia anceps and vars., 367 ; elegans and vars., 79 ; grandifiora, 29S ; harjiophylla, 314; monophylla, 314 ; pumila and vars 386 ; purpurata, 246 ; p. Queen Alexandra, 9 La;lio-Cattleya elegans, 194 LKlio-Cattleyas and their hybrids, 194 Leelias in flower, 298 Lagerstroemia indica at Abbotsbury, 300 Langley Park, Bucks, 189 Lantana salvirefolia, 87 Lathyrus Drummondi, 58 Laurel leaves, diseased, 236 Laurels as undergrowth, 340 Lavender garden, a, 191 ; sweet, 242 ; the Grappenhall, 302 Lawns and lawn-mowers, 297 ; fruit trees on, 315 ; old, renovating, 294 Layering, 246 Leaves, fallen, 382 Leeks, 44, 128, 266 Lemon, Aletford's, 306 Leonotis Leonurus (Lion's-tail), 287, 298, 303 Leptospermum scoparium, 3 Leschenaultia biloba major, 279 Lettuce, 240 ; autumn, 100 ; Continuity, 359 Leucojura vernum, 247 Liatris graminifolia var. dubia, 220 Ligustrun; Quihoui, 292 Lilacs and Lilies of the Valley, 367 ; in pots, 382 Lilford Hall, 139 Lilies all the year round, 178 ; at Kew, 86 ; Belladonna, from Guernsey, 239 ; Day, 328 ; in a North Country garden, 374 394 '• in 1904, 322, 343 ; notes on, 3, 39, 96, 361 • of the Valley, 382 ; planting and trans- planting, 158 Lilium giganieum, 197 ; Hansoni, fasciated flower of, 112 ; Harrisii, 328, 334 ; japoni- cum colchesterense, 244 ; Kelloggii, 35 • longifiorum, 121. 334 ; I. Harrisii out of doors, 369; neilgherrense, 39 ; philadelphi- cum, 87; speciosum, 384; s., fasciated 248 ; s. Melpomene, 166, 203 ; sulphureum, 247; s. in a small garden, 134, 229- tes- taceum, 361, 369 ; t. growing wild, 197 • tigrinum jucundnni at Kew, 239 ' Lily bulbs from Japan, 359 ; of the Valley 352 ; pond at Trelissick in Cornwall, the! 365 ; the Madonna, 226 ; the Nankeen, 399 Limnanthes Douglasii and Forget-me-not, 34 Linaria alpina, 23 Linum arboreum, 287, 336 Littonia modesta, 20 Lloyd, Mr. Frederick G., 283 Lobelia cardinalis, 279; c. Queen Victoria. 166 ; fulgens, 348 Loganberry, the, 111,183,186; and Tropa;- olum speciosum in Sweden, 247 ; propa- giting the, ISO: propagating and piuning the, 264 ; value of the, 135 Loniceia Hildebrandtii, 53, 361 Lotus peliorhyncus as a bedding plant, 271 Lupin, tree. Snow tjiieen variety, 123 Liipinus arboreus .Snow Queen, 161 Lycaste Skinneri, 354 Lychnis visctria splendens, 76 Lysimachia Kurtunei, 256 in. Magnolia soulangeana, 76 Magnolias, planting, 230 Maidenhair Ferns for cutting, 46 Malmaison Carnation culture, 273 JIanitoba, a note from 247 Manor House, Sutton-Courtenay, the garden at the, 349 Manuel du Champignonniste professionel et amateur, 31 Manure heaps, 382 Maples, Japanese, 183, 345 ilarguerite Queen Alexandra, 51 Marguerites, 177 Markets, notes from the, 68 aiarrow. Custard, the, 146 Marrows, 61 Marshall, Messrs. G. S., Limited, Barnham, 310 Masdevallias, 214 Maurandya barclayana, 160 ; out of doors, 240 Meconopsis integrifolia, 188 Medlar, the, 127 Melons, 28, 158, 246 Mesembryanthemums, 66, 73, 212 Metrosideros ttoribunda, 238 Michaelmas Daisies, 377 ; seedling, 254 Microglossa albescens, 120 Micromeria grajca, 146 Mignonette, 28 ; Mile's hybrid spiral, 262 ; some good varieties of, 230 Miles, Mr. George Thomas, 371 Mimulus Fire King, 38 ; lutea, Hose-in-hose, 31 Mitchell, Mr. David, Edinburgh, 82 Model gardens, prizes for, 186 Montbretia Chloris, 203 ; George DavidBon, 203 ; Germania, 203 ; rosea, 187 Montbretias, 297, 376 ; at Belgrove, Queens- town, 80 ; hybrid, from Belgrove, 102 Mosaiculture, Pratique La, 30 Mulching, 13 Musa, a seedling, 230 : Holstii (K. Sch.n. sp), 135 ; imperialis (Spr. n. sp.), 136 Muscats, 196 Mushrooms, 16, 144, 181 Mutisiadecurrens, 118, 199 Myosotis dissitiflora, 328 Myrtus apiculata, 287 N. Narcissus, 28 ; bicolor grandee, 218 Nasturtium Liliput Snow Queen, 103 Nature study course, 119 Nectarines and Peaches, 13, 128, 199 ; notes on outdoor, 127 Nelumbium speciosum, 171 Nepenthes, 279 Nepeta Musslni, 243 Nerine Bowdeni, 408 ; Fothergilli major, 94 ; ingens. 218 Nerines in Hower at Kew, 304 Nertera depressa, 220 Newberry, Mr. John Hinde, 116 Notes from the Old Parsonage, Gresford, 33 Nursery changes, 70 Nymphicas, hardy, 78 Oaks, the hammock under the, 243, 268; transplanting, 340 Obituary, 32, 68, 82, 116, 283, 371 Ockley, a note from, 302 Odontoglossuni crispum Xanthotes (Charles- worth's var.), 245 ; grande, 30 ; House, the, 96, 233; Insleayi, 30; Rossi majus, 30; schlieperianum, 30 (Enothera marginata, 40 Old W^arden Park, Biggleswade, 35 Oleander, the, 99 Olearia nitida, 23 Oncidium concolor, 110 Onions, 28, 44, 144 ; not thinned, 232 Onopordon polycephalum (sp. nor.), 187 Onosma tauricum, 32 Orchard house, the, 79, 297 ; cool, 294 Orchid, a new hybrid, 53; houses, furnishing, 367 Orchids, 9, 265, 297 ; at Kenley, Surrey, 61 ; at Warren House, Stanmore, 402 ; books on, 200; during fogs, treatment of, 364; in flowei-, 280 ; in the market, 256 Orphan Fund, Royal Gardeners', date of annual dinner, 324 Orpine, the purple, 188 P. Pjcony, the Tree, 37 Preonles, herbaceous, 187 ; planting, 288 ; propagation of, 262 ; in grass, 188 ; Japanese, importing, 247; not fiowering, 84, 110 Palm house, the, 143 Pampas Grass, 258, 375, 396 Pansy Duchess of Sutherland, 118; tufted, Bessie, 103 ; Marion Waters, 103 Pansies, 249 ; and Violas, 59 ; tulted, and the weather, 103 ; blue, 19 ; in baskets, 119 ; in October, 286 Parks, the Glasgow, 395 Pardanthus chinensis, 265 Parnassias, the, or Grass of Parnassus, 173 Parsley, 61, 199, 280 Pas ue Flower the 18 4 " The Garden," December 31, 1904.] INDEX. Patrinia villosa, 358 Pea, Drummond's Princess, 60 ; Everlasting, Moonlight, 162 ; the white, 103 ; May Queen, in frames, 80; new white peren- nial. Moonlight, 102 Peas, 13, 94 ; Everlasting:, in the wild garden, 208 ; excess of haulm in, 11 ; late, 151, 214 ; thrips and fly on, 80 Peach culture, outduur, 306 ; new, Peregrine, 135 ; Stirling Castle, 184 ; trees, leaf-curl in, 113; Waterloo, 112 Peaches, 110, 214, 297 ; and Nectarines, 13, 12S, 199; late, some new, 278; particulars of, 236 ; the newer, 11 Pear, a new, 239; a September, Dr. Jules Guyot, 213; Beurr^ Alexandre Lucas, 359 ; Charles Ernest, 305, 324; Conference, 305, 342, 369 ; foliage, grub on, 84 ; gnat midge, the, 29 ; Hacon's Incomparable, 305 ; King Edward, 383 ; Le Lectier, 305, 324 ; Mar- guerite MariUat, 305 ; S. T. Wright, 299, 305 ; St. Luke, 305 ; Thomson's, a good November, 37U ; Vicar of Winkfleld, 168 Pears, 233 ; inferior, 375 ; late, gathering and ripening, 308 ; and Apples, 334 ; and Apples, imported v. English-grown, 301 ; the newer, 304 Peat for Khododendrons, 200 ; in Germany, utilisation of, 206 Pelargonium Black Vesuvius, 169 ; Paul Crampel, 172 Pelargoniums, 77, 313 ; Cactus-flowered, 82 ; show and fancy, 94 ; winter-flowering, 28, 158 ; zonal, 382 ; z., treatment of, 100 Pellsea flexuosa, 368 Pentsteraon antirrhinoides, 288; barbatus, 244; Bridgesii, 34S ; Lord Charles Hope, 286 ; Newbury Gem, 218, 258, 263 Pentstemons, 120, 199, 424 Pernettya mucronata, 376 Petunia Lord Oourtenay, 303 Perjiimmon, the, 203 Phaius, 385 Ph alien ops is, 280 Phlomis tuberosa, 56 Phlox Helen Vacaresco, 271 ; Pantheon, 243 ; the herbaceous, 151 ; Virgo Marie, 271 Phloxes, herbaceous, in 1904, 135 ; on north borders, 178 Phormiuni tenax, 53 Photinia serrulata, 357 Phygelius capensis, 219, 369 ; in the north, 264 Picturesque in parks and gardens, the, 343 Pimpinella magna rosea, 35 Pine-apple culture, decadence of, 28 Pines, 78, 177, 265, 382 ; earliest Queen, 382 ; succession, 382 Pinks and Carnations for vases, 97 Pinks, garden, 33, 81 ; in the rock garden, 207 ; new, from Messrs. B. Ladhams, 31 ; some autumn, 239 Pinus sylvestris, 193 Pitcher Plants, 279 Plagianthus Lyalli at home, 4 Plant portraits, recent, 40, 166, 265, 322, 390 ; stuve, the, 143 ; wounds and natural pruning, 75 Plantago maxima, 203 Planting, autumn, 205 ; for winter effect, 302 ; season, the, 342 Plants, forcing, 382 ; for conservatory wall, 236; for hanging baskets, 200; for wall, &c., 200 ; rare, from South Devon, 102 ; some good autumn, 238 ; South African, 360 ; suitable for ruins, wall tops, and other dry places, 91 ; that need careful handling, 162, 197, 214, 230 Plum, a new August Heron, 212 ; Belle de Louvain, 299 ; crop, the, 211 ; points about the, 144; the Czar, 212; trees on walls, 100 Plnms, 61, 128 ; as bushes, 42 ; early summer, 112 Poinsettia pulcherrima, 334 Poinsettias, 128 Polygonum amplexicaule album, 288 ; haldschuanicum, 255, 297, 335 ; equiseti- forme at Kew, 218; equisetiforme var. australe, 375 Polygonums, dwarf, useful, 313 Pomegranate, the, 218, 256 ; the dwarf, 281 Pond foul, 116 ; to make a small, 84 Poppies and Foxgloves, 287 Potato and Wheat crops. 295, 335, 351 ; a prolific, 255 ; crop, the, 95 ; culture, *' novel," 142, 159, 229 ; field, experimental work in the, 194; Kerr's Cigarette, 342; Northern Star, 280, 295, 318 ; notes on the, 406 ; production, novel, 44, 81 ; prospects, 247 ; Ringleader, 86, 125 ; the earliest, Ringleader, 80; The Factor, 351, 387; trials in Scotland, 266 otatoes, 128, 334 ; curl in, 263 ; destroyed by frost in July, 88 ; early, 44 ; late, 234 ; quality in, 334, 383 ; southern seedling, 271 ; the newer, 359 ; to eat, 269, 318, 342, 358, 373, 431 Potentillas, diseased, 169 Primula obconica alba, 3 ; sikkimensis, 6 ; stellata, 303 Primulas, 79, 246, 313 Pruning, 366 ; natural, and plant wounds, 75; summer, 112 P rethrums 258 R. Railway charges for fruit, excessive, 220 Ranunculus, 352 ; and Anemones, 94 Raspberry, a new, 103 ; Colwiil's Red Diamond, 192 ; Red Merveille, 299 Raspberries, 61, 143, 231, 2£0 ; and Straw- berries in autumn, 228, 262, 278 ; in Blair- gowrie district, 51 Regent's Park, at, 319 Restrepia antennifera, 314 Rhabdothamnus Solandri, 254 Rhododendron azaleoides, 333; kamschati- cum, 3 ; ponticum in Wales, the largest, 18 ; prsecox, 313 ; yunnanense, 392 Rhododendrons, Himalayan, 34 ; in Hyde Park, 8 Rhubarb, 144 ; forcing, 328 Kichardia cethiopica, 14; elliottiana, 14, 177 Richardson, Mrs. William, 115 Riviera gardens, 277 ; notes, 346 Robinia neo-mexicana, 140 Rochester, de&thot the DesiU of (supplement), 156, 157 Rock gifden, an interesting, 92 ; good colour from the, 38; making, 329; native wild flowers for the, 133 ; Pinks in the, 207 ; the, 176; plants, autumn-flowering, 340; Roses, the, 90 Rockery, the, 13 Rocket, the double purple, 35 Rockets (Hesperis matronalis), 38 Romneya Cuulteri, 83; at Culzean Castle, 188; trichocalyx, 20i Rosa polyantha and varieties, 25 ; p. nana, 221 ; rugosa hepa, 118 Rose Alice Lindselt, 88 ; Amateur Teyasier, 88; analysis, 410; and Peach foliage, diseased, 183; Aurore (China), 108; Bennett's Seedling, 88; Bob Davidaon, 204 ; Brnnonis, 103 ; Christmas, 297 ; Claire Jacquier, 59; Climbing, Flora, 72; Climbing White Pet, 108; Clio, 3 ; Commandant Felix Faure. 204 ; Comte Bobrinsky, 31 ; Crimson R-imbler, a new hybrid, ies ; cuttings, 128, 180; Dorothy Perkins, 270 ; from cuttings, 325 ; Duchess of Mecklenburgh, 220 ; Duchess Marie Salviati, 167; dwarf Polyantha, Primula, 221 ; Earl of Pembroke, 2U5 ; Fellenberg, 59 ; garden, alterations in, 184 ; in Essex, an, 71 ; Gardenia, 6 ; Gar- land, the, 397 ; General Gallieni, 60 ; GloiredesRosomanes, 108; G. Nabonnand, 221 ; growing, the pleasure of, 72 ; Hugh Dickson, 245 ; Jeanne Buatois, 108 ; Lady Battersea, 221 ; Lady Clanmorris (H.T.). 108; La France with deformed buds, 100 ; leaves, destroyed, 16, 100; Longworth Rambler, 275 ; Marquise de Salisbury, 221 ; Mme. d'Arblay, 70 ; Mme. Vermorel, 205 ; Mrs. J. Laing, lOS ; new, Etoile de France, 245 ; notes, 23 ; Peace, 204 ; Perle von Godesberg, 205 ; PhiladelphiaRambler, 108 ; show, the autumn, 201 ; the coming, 185 ; show, the Temple, 24, 25 ; shows more beautiful, 33 ; Souvenir d'fleleue, 204 ; stocks, 382; Sulphurea, 204; Tea, a new hybrid, 331 ; Corallina, 300 ; Marie van Houtte, 178; Morning Glow, 204; Rain- bow, 204 ; The Bride, 245; the enemies of the, 21; the Garland, 211; the white Indian, 103 ; Ulrich Brunner and other Hybrid Perpetuals for January blooming, 205 ; Ulrich Brunner as a standard, 71 ; White Pet, 275 ; William Allen Richard- son, 143 Rose growers, meeting of, 406 Roses, 246 ; at Baston Manor, 23; at Canon- bie, N.B , 70 ; at Dropmore, some of the newer, 20 ; at Kew Gardens, 6 ; autumn, at Bath, 316 ; some good, 346 ; bedding, 94; Christmas, 333 ; climbing and pole, thin- ning out, 275 ; climbing, under gla'*s, 200 ; exhibition, 1 ; analysis 1897—1904, 363, 378, 410 ; for bedding, 100 ; for begin- ners, 429 ; for screens, hedges, and trellises, 289 ; garden, at Cheshunt, 62 ; general notes, 88 ; hints on planting, 348, 379 ; H.T., two yellow, 6 ; in pots, 157, 210, 213 ; Moss, 22, 103 ; new, at Waltham Cross, 212 ; new, notes on some, 39, 53 ; on banks, 200 ; over fruit trees, 311 ; over old trees, 20 ; own-root, the merits of, 23 ; past, present, and future, 149, 175, 188, 206 ; Polyantha, as dwarf standards, 245 ; pot, 294 ; propagating, 133 ; protecting, 385; Rambler, 295 ; Rock, the, 90 ; sea- sonable notes, 124, 307 ; single Scotch, 183; standard semi -double, 183; Tea- scented, 210 ; Tea, in pots, 367 ; upon Laxa stock, 200; wall, at Glamis Castle, N.B., 108 ; white bedding, 220 ; wichuraiana, for dwarf pillars, some, 26 Rosemary, 285 ; as a wall climber, 203 Rudbeckia fulgida, 271 ; maxima, 219, 281 pinnata, 271 Rustic work, wood for, 236 Russellia juncea, 359 S. St. John's Gardens, Liverpool, 35 Saladings, 185 Salads and vegetables, protecting, 350 Salt in the kitchen garden, 195 Salvia dichroa, 122 ; Horminum, 118, 262, 335, 360 ; rutilans, 328 Salvias, 196 Saponaria otticinalis, 197 Savoy Sutton's Perfection, 23? Saxifraga Fortunei, 312, 313 ; longifolia, seedlings of, 105 ; peltata, 254 Scabiosa caucasica and its varieties, 394 Scabious, dwarf purple, in pots, 173 Scarborough Lily, the, 196 Schizanthus, GO, 279 Scorzonera and Salsafy, 78 Schizostylis coccinea, 258, 357 Scholarships for young gardeners, 103 School children and bulb-growing, 343 Sclater, Mr. Alexander, 32 Scotland, notes from, 146 Scottish railway station gardens, 168 Scutellaria Ventenatii, 239 Seakale, 144, 280 Sea-marsh, plants for a, 116 Sedum casruleum, 107; purpurascens, 188; spectabile atropurpureum, 199 ; spurium, 71 Seeds, ornamental, and their applications, 96, 104 Senecio tanguticus, 219 Shallots, 28 Shrewsbury Floral Fete, 133 Shrubberies, 351 ; overcrowded, 211 Shrubs, flowering, 28 ; new flowering, 327 ; propagating, 246; seaside, 90 ; summer and autumn, two good, 351 ; and trees, 8, 13. 54, 75, 90, 106, 124, 140, 155, 173, 193, 205, 256, 277, 292, 327, 344, 362 ; planting, 264 ; with coloured foliage, 341, 363, 378 Silene Schafta, 1U3 Silphium laciniatum, 224 Sisyrinchium bermudiiuum, 107 Sisyrinchiums, two, 76 Slugs in garden, 236 Smith's Chrysanthemum Manual, 129 Snowdrop, yellow, discovery of, 168 Soapwort, the, 197 Sobralias, 129 Society, Aberdare, 164 ; Aberdeen Royal Horticultural, 163 ; Aboyne Horticultural, 372 ; Ascot, 355 ; Banbury, 372 ; Bath, 182 ; Bath Rose, 68 ; Beckenham Horticultural, 338; Beith, N.B., Chrysanthemum, 372; Birmingham Chrysanthemum and Fruit, 339 ; Blairgowrie Horticultural, 372 ; Blyth Floral and Horticultural, 182 ; Border District Chrysanthemum, 388; Bot- . ley and South Hants, 268; Brighton and Sussex Horticultural, 338 ; Bristol and District Gardeners, 371 ; British Gar- deners', 102, 217, 358; in Ireland, 341; British Pceridological, the, 130 ; Broughty Ferry Horticultural, 252 ; Cardiff, 337 ; Cardiff Gardeners', 130; Chepstow Horti- cultural, 132 ; Clepington Garden, Dun- dee, 252 ; Corn Exchange, 356; Croydon, 356; Croydon Horticultural, 66,252; and District Horticultural, S3, 339 ; Cupar and North of Fife Horticultural, 371 ; Dul- wich, 356 ; Dulwich Chrysanthemum, 336 ; Dumfries and Galloway, 164, 356 ; Dundee Horticultural, 183, 235, 338 ; Dunfermline Chrysanthemum, 388 ; Dunfermline Rose, 98; Dusseldorf, International Fruit Show, 284 ; Ealing Horticultural, 66 ; Eastbourne, 143, 338; East of Fife Chrysanthemum, 372 ; Eccles and Pendleton Horticultural, 371; Edinburgh Chrysanthemum, 387; Elt- ham Rose and Horticultural, 67 ; Felline, 148 ; French Horticultural, of London, S^ ; Glasgow and West of Scotland Pansy, 87 ; Halifax, 83 ; Handsworth Horticultural, 98; Harrosv Horticultural, 64; Hastings Horticultural, 130 ; Hereford Fruit and Chrysanthemum, 337; Highgate Horticul- tural, 99; Irish Gardenerd', 118; Kidder- minsterHortieultural, 284; Kingston Gar- deners', 15, 252; Kirkcaldy Chrysanthemum, 372; Kirkcudbright, 148 ; Leicester, Abbey Park, 114 ; Leith Horticultural, 163, 383 ; Llanelly Horticultural, 130 ; London Dahlia, 215; Longton Dahlia, 235; Maidenhead Chrysanthemum, 372; Manchester Royal Botanical and Horticultural, 67; Maud Horticultural, 338; Meigle Horticultural, 372 ; Midland Carnation and Picotee, the, 114; Milnathort Horticultural, 343; National Carnation and Picotee, 132 ; National Chrysanthemum. 235, 268, 388; National Potato, 253, 267, 335, 34L ; National Rose, 53,342; election of officers and committee, 374 ; National Sweet Pea, the, 68, 82; Newbury Horticultural, 114; Newport and County Horticultural, 130; Norfolk and Norwich Rise, 48; North London Dahlia, 235 ; North Lonsdale Rose, 67 ; Paisley Horticultural, 183 ; People's Palace, 356 ; Plymouth, 355 ; Portsmouth, 67, 339 ; Prudhoe and West Wylam Floral and Horticultural. 163 ; Reading Gar- deners', 48, 163, 333, 3SS ; Reading Chry- santhemum and Fruit, 3SS ; Reigate, Red- hill, and District Gardeners', 164, 252, 336 ; Richmond Horticultural, 16 ; Royal Botanic, 47 ; Royal Caledonian, 215 ; Royal Horticultural, 14, 18, 86, 115 Society, Royal Horticultural, 147, 181, 216, 235, 283, 320, 387 ; dates of 1905 meetings, 323 ; fruit show, 251 ; general meeting, 270 ; July exhibition, 40, 41 ; opening of the Horticultural Hall by His Majesty the King, 76, 77 ; of Perthshire, 150 ; Royal Scottish Arboricultural, 88, 343 ; Rye Dis- trict, 182 ; Saltaire and Shipley, 83 ; Scot- tish Horticultural, 34, 119, 215, 235, 338 ; Scottish Pansy and Viola, 15, 52, 118 ; Sheffield Chrysanthemum, 372 ; Shropshire Horticultural, 131, 133 ; Southampton Royal Horticultural, 48,82,337; Stirling, 356 ; Strathbogie Horticultural, 134 ; Tam- worth Chrysanthemum, 263 ; Taunton Deane Horticultural, 148 ; Trowbridge Horticultural, 164 ; Turriff Horticultural, 300 ; United Horticultural Beueflt and Provident, 4S, 372; Walton and District Rose and Flower, 64 ; Weybridge, 338 ; Windsor Chrysanthemum, 337; Windsor and Eton Rose, 47 ; Wolverhampton, 65 ; Woodbridge Horticultural, 68; Woolton Horticultural, 371 Societies, horticultural, amalgamation of Dunfermline, 325; horticultural, amalga- mation of Hawick, 255 Soil, preparation of, 3S2 Solanum jasminoides, 2S7 Sollya heterophylla, 224 Somersetshire garden, notes from a, 46 Sparrow, the pernicious, 29 ; trap, a, 116 Spathoglottis, 247 Spinach, 44 ; winter, 113, 193, 294 Spiraia gigantea, 248 Spiraeas, two good, 87 Statice sinensis, 239; Suworowi, 135 Stigmaphyllon ciliatum, 255 Stirling, border and alpine flowers at, 89 Stocks, East Lothian, 297 ; and Intermediate, 246 ; garden and Spinach, dark-leaved, 60 Stokesia cyanea, 313, 407 Storrie and Storrie, Messrs., Dundee, 45 Story of the plants, the, 342 Strawberry Keen's Seedling, 236 ; layering, 80 ; new, Givon's Late Prolittc, 103 ; new. The Latest, 103 ; The Laxton, 31 Strawberries, 43, 123, 231, 246, 280 ; and Raspberries in autumn, 228, 262,278; at Bedford, 31 ; for forcing, 110 ; grown in barrels, 116 ; in pots, 340 ; protecting, 346 ; in the Aberdeen district, 52 ; late, the variety St. Antoine de Padoue, 142 ; new, 29 ; pot, 352 ; two new, 63 Streptocarpus, 279 ; from the open ground, 102 Styrax j iponicum, 54 Succulent house at Kew, 433 Succulents, 75 Sunflower, single, 184 Surrey garden, in a, 276 Sutton, Mr. M. J., 342 Swanley Horticultural College, 63 Swanswick, notes from, 56, 222 Sweet Bisil, 407 Sweet Pea Lord Rosebery, 184 ; Scarlet Gem, 86 Sweet Peas, 180, 195 ; failures with, 172 ; for everyone, 426; from a Cumberland cottage garden, 270 ; in howls, 135 Sweet Sultan, white, The Bride, 52, 126 Sweet Williams, 135 Swertia perennis, 87 Tacsonia mixta, 287 Tamarix Pallassii var. rosea, 187 Temple Rose show, the, 24, 25 Thunias, 233 Thyme, white, 219 Tigridia Pavonia, 200 Tobacco growing in Ireland, 298 Tomato leaves scorched, 16; Up-to-Date, 232 Tomatoes, 14, 78, 177, 249, 298, 328 ; winter, 84. 99, 246, 352 Torenias, 197 Town garden, notes from a, 46 Trees, beautiful deciduous, for small gar- dens, 362 ; deciduous, destroying, 84 ; lawn, 173 ; ornamental, moving, 236 ; removing large, 84 ; unfruitful, lifting, 294 ; variegated, in garden scenery, 155 Trees and shrubs, 8, 54. 75, 90, 106, 113, 124, 140, 155, 173, 193, 205. 256, 277, 292. 327, 344, 362 ; planting, 264 ; with coloured foliage, 341, 363, 378, 392 Trachelium creruleum, 303 Tritoma glaucescens, 218 Tropfeolum azureum, 249, 335 ; speciosum, 317, 431 ; and Loganberry in Sweden, 247 TropEeolums by cuttings, propagating, 309 from cuttings, 368 Tuber, a new, in France, 354 Tulbaghia violacea, 146 Tulip La Candeur, 259 ; late white, an excel- lent, 188 ; Sir Thomas Lipton, 260 Tulips, early, in Lincolnshire, 230 ; late- flowering, 176 Turner, Mr. Charles, nursery at Slough, 27 Turnips, 61, 196, 334,346; bolting in spring, 80; winter, 210 Tydasas, 146 vin. INDEX. [" The Garden," December 31, 1904. U. I'Dderclifif garden, s, 105 Uoiversity College, Reading, 2, 14 Vallota purpurea. 43, 229 Vanda carulea. 116 Vandas, 354 Variegation, transmission of, by grafting, 255 Verbascum phceniceum, 394 Verbena Afterglow, 219 ; venosa, 329 Verbenas, three good, 16 Vegetables and salads, protecting, 350 ; at Aldenham, 294, 332 ; forcing, 36S; whole- some, 50 Vernoaia arkansana, 313 Veronica anomala, 53 ; Traversi, 391 Veronicas, itc, 3(56 Victoria regia in Rotterdam Gardens, 295 Vilmorin Memorial, the, 35 Vines. 94, 196 ; earliest, 196 ; early perma- nent, 314 ; outdoor, 144 ; pot, 43, 177, 265, 313 Violas, bedding, at Camberwell, 225 Violet Cress, the, 173 Violet, double white, 16 Violetta, the, or miniature-flowered Fansies, 119 Violets, 7S, 04, 213, 333, 346 ; in early spring, 84; winter-flowering, 1S4 A'itis Coignetia;, 325 ; Thunbergii, 302 Vomero, notes from, 103 W. "Wallflowers, 249 Wall gardening, 35, 269 Wall plants and wind, 213 Warley collage show, at the, 219 Warren, the, Hayes, Kent. 190 Waspneats, destroying, 162, 211 Watercress and how to grow it, 91 Waterside plants, bold, 174, 191 Watsonia Andernei, IIS Webb and Sons, Messrs., Wordsley, Stour- bridge, 160 Wedding, a golden, 323 Weeds, destroying deep-seated, 200; eradi- cating. 205 Welford Park, Newbury, 308 West Surrey, flowers iu, 230 WTieat and Potato crops, 295 Whitton, Mr. James, 23S Whytock, Mrs., the late, 300 Wild and bog garden, a, 136 Wild flowers at Spitzbergen, 113; native, for the rock garden, 133 ; preservation of, 134 Wild garden, the, 44 Wild gardening in the spring, 274, 2SS, 310 ; plants, the preservation of, 357 Window-box prizes at Dalkeith, 203 Wind shelters, 80 Wind storm in North Wales, 102 Winter effect, planting for, 302 ; flowers, some good, 391; flowering plants, 313; protection, 313 Woodlice and stove, 100 ; in Melon frame, 199 Woods, improvement of existing, 106 Yucca recurvifoUa at Broxbourne, 163 Yuccas, 126 ; at Finsbury Park, 8S ; hardy, in groups, 1S7 Zephyranthes Anderaoni, 146; Atamasco, 240 ; hybrid forms of, 219 Zygo-colax Veitchi, wiganianus, and amcsia- nus. 110 Zygopetalum Mackayii, 367 Zephyranthes x Ajax (hort. Spreoger), 186 ILLUSTRATED ARTICLES, Abies homolep3is at Welford Park, 309 Abutilun vitifolium, a walk of, in the garden of Mr. JNoltau-Symons, s Alpine Pinks, 55 Anemone alpina in the Alps, 195 ; apennina at foot of trees, 227 ; japouica Whirlwind at Kew, 291 Angr%cum infundibulare. 109 Antirrhinum glutinosum on rock wall, 424 Apnle, Charles Ross, 310; Cornish Aromatic, ■i24 Apple Mabbotfs Pearmain,370; Mrs. Philli- raore, original tree of, 308 ; new, Rev. W. Wilks, 250 ; Rival, 3Ct9 ; tree, stem of old, three years after grafting, 12 Asparagus medeoloides myrtifolia, 320 Banana in an English hot-hoase. 145 Begonias, double seedling, eroup of, 248 ; single seedling, group of, 249 Belladonna Lilies at Sandhill Park, 297 Benthamia fragifera at Trelissick. Truro, 256 Berkshire garden, a corner in a, with flower-covered wall, 36 Bougainvillea, the new, Maud Chettleburgb, 77 Butterfly white Cabbage, 26 C. Callirh( e involucrata, 408 Campanula hybrida Ferguson!, the new, 276 ; pulloides, the rare, 203 Capsicum annuum var. conoides, 381 Carnation Duchess of Fife, 884 ; Lizzie McGowan, 396 ; Malmaison, Princess of Wales, in the Gardens, Kedlands, 273 ; Miss Audrey Campbell, 263; White Star, 400 Carnations in a Lewes garden, 113 Catalpa bignonioides at Fairlawn, Ton- bridge, 205 Catasetum pileatum aureum, 445 Caunton 3Ianor (supplement)^ 156, 157 ; hardy flowers at (.fupplementj, 156, 157 Cedar of Lebanon, the famous, at Langley Park, 190 ; the Childrey. 124 Cedars on Mount Lebanon, 125 Celery fly, the, 26 ; quarter in Lord Alden- ham's garden, 159 Choisys ternata in Lord Alverstone's gar- den, 3 Chrysanthemum Kathleen Thompson, 331 ; maximum King Edwaid, 2S1 Cistus ladaniferus at Roehamptou, 257 Clematis grata, 365 ; montana and Wistaria at Farnham Royal, 347; over a rough wall, 154 ; on pole, 153 ; recta, 152 Colchicum Bitrnmulleri, 361 ; specinsum maximum, 361 ; the double white, 360 Crambe orientale at Kew, 57 Cotoneaster horizontalis, 409 Cypripedium F. K. Sander, 293 Daffodils, planting, by the acre at Messrs. J. R. Pearson and Sons' nurseries, 279; under old trees, grouping of, 380 Delphiniums and Foxgloves in an Essex garden, 72 Dianthus csesius and D. plumarius, 55 ; callizonus on the rock garden at Kew, 54; deltnides, self-sown, on the rock garden at Kew, 224 : giganteus at Kew, 122 ; plumarius, 260 Dingwall, Mr. George, 336 Dracena australis in a Cambridgeshire \ garden, 209; indivisaveraat Casttewellan, ' 261 E. Eremurus Bungei at Colchester, 150 ; robustus in the garden of Mr. H. J. A'eitch, group of, 377 Erica gracilis nivalis, 417 Escallonia phillipiaua, a flowering spray of, 64 Eucharis a'uazonica, 412 Eupatorium weiumannianum out of doors, 3S4 F. Fig tree 300 years old in Sark, a, 318 ; trained over house roof, in the Channel Islands, 213 Firs, an avenue of, 193 Flowers on a low wall in a Berkshire gar- den, 35 Foam Flower, colony of the, 87 Foxgloves and Ferns in the garden of Dr. Lionel Beale, F.R.S., 5 ; and Poppies, 287 ; white, in the border, 444 Freesias grown for market in the Channel Islands, 383 Fritillaria aurea in the alpine house at Kew, 271 Fruit store, a, 1S4 ; walk in the Manse Gardens. Bracebridge, 13 Fuchsia Riccartoni in Sark, 290 G. Garden, the long, at the Manor House, Sulton-Courtenay, 349 Ginkgo biloba, 345 Gladiolus triatis var. sulphureus, 107 Glaucium flavum tricolor, 59 Grape new Melton Constable, 353 Grass walks in the garden of Hursley Park, Winchester, 93 Henslow, the Rev. Professor, M.A., V.M.H., 358 Heracleum lehmannianum ou a dry bank, 259 Honeysuckles, three year old, at Langley Park, 189 Horticultural Hall, exterior of the (supple- ment), 76, 77 ; interior of the {supplement), 76, 77 ; opening of the, by His Majesty the King {supplement), 76, 77; plan showing position of the {eupplement), 76, 77 Ichneumon flies, 179 Impatiens OUvieri from Uganda, the new, 266 Ipom^ea, an annual, 41 Iris susiana, a group of, at Colchester, 173 ; walk in the Earl of Onslow's garden, 240 Irises, a group of {coloured supplement). Ivy, Amurensis, as a pot shrub, 344 ; wall of, at Hatfleld, 344 J. Japanese garden at Langley Park, in the, 191 L. Lffilio-Caltleya elegans at The Woodlands, 233 Ljeiia pnmila at Gatton Park, rare and beautiful varieties of, 385 ; purpurata var. Queen Alexandra, 9 Lebanon, Cedars on, showing stunted bush eaten down by goats, 178 ; lower slopes of, covered with Snoba Pines, 17S ; young Cedars on the slopes of, 178 Lemon, Metford's, at Kew, 306 Liaustrum Quihoui at Kew in October, 292 Lilac Marie Legra)e, 447 Lilford Hall, and the formal garden, 139 Lilium candidum, a grouping of, 226 ; gigan- teum in an Exeter garden. 197; Hansoni, fascialed stem of, 112; japonicum Col- chesterense among shrubs, 244 ; longiflorum Harrisii, 369 ; sulphureum in a Richmond garden, 229 ; testaceum, 399 Lilv, the Arum, by a Devonshire pond edge, 177 Lloyd, Mr. Frederick G., the late, 2S3 Loeanberry, the, 111 Lonicera Hildebrandti in a Torquay garden, 351 Lupin, the tree, in a Dutch garden, 123 Lupinus arboreus Snow Queen, in Mr. Ladham's nursery, 161 M. Maidenhair tree, the, in the Royal Gardens, Frogmore, 345 Magnolia conspicua soulangeana, in a Woking garden, 76 Medlar, fiuiting shoots of the, 127 Miles, Mr. G. T., the late, 371 N. Narcissus grandee, 221 Xelumbium speciosum in the Barrage Gar- dens in Egypt, 171 Xew Zealand Reed in the garden of Colonel Maclaverty, 121 Niererabergia rivularis, 431 Xymph.ea pond in the Earl of Onslow's garden, 241 Odontoglossum crispum Xanthotes (Charles- worth's var.), 245 Orchids, a group of, in the gardens of J. Lawrence, Esq., M.P., 61 ; at the Wairen, Staumore, 402 Pieony, tree (SO years old), at Diss, 37 I Pampas Grass, the, 375 I Passion Flower, the edible, 427 , Pathway, stone, in flower garden, showing ' beauty of simple grouping, 40 Pear Charles Ernest, 310 ; Conference, ou a wall, 369 ; Hacon's Incomparable, 305 ; Le Lectier, 304 ; S. T. Wright, 299 ; tree, a bush, in the Barnham Nurseries, 316 ; trees, cordon, in the Barnham Nurseries, 317 Pearson, Mr. J. Duncan, 415 Penlstemon Bridgesii at Exeter, 343 Pentstemons, large-flowered, Messrs. Sutton and Sous", 282 Pellsa flexuosa, 368 Pinks in the rock garden, 208 Pond at Trelissick, Cornwall, margined with Arum Lilies, 364 Poppies and Foxgloves, 287 Potatoes, two year old sets with growing tubers, 44 ; view of cave with old tubers on rock, 45 Privet, a valuable late-flowering, 292 R. Raspberry, a new, Colwill'a Red Diamond, 192 ; Peuwills Champion, 403 Khododendron azaleoides at Kew, 333 ; Luscombei, 392 ; Manglesii, 393 Rochester, the late Dean of (supplement), 156, 157 ; the late Dean of, amongst the Ruses at Cauntm (supplement), 156, 157 Rock garden at Baston Manor, view of part of the, 90 ; at Lilford Hall, the, 138 ; and water garden at Reading, preparatory work for transforming a cinder tennis- court into a, 327 ; cave and waterfall in, 329 ; formerly a cinder tennis-court, 330 ; nearing completion, 330 Rosa multiflora (polyantha) simplex. 25 Rose, Airaee Vibert, climljing, over Willows, 19 ; Bennett's Seedling (two years ago), 88 ; Bennett's Seedling (present year), 89 ; Caro- line Testout, a bowlful of, 71; climbing White Pet at Kew, lUS ; Mme. Gabriel Luizet, bed of, 73 ; over an old espalier, 20 ; over wall, 367 ; Paul's single white on old Pear tree, 312 ; polyantha, Claire Jacquier over porch, 58 ; Psyche, hedge of, 27 ; Thalia on old Apple tree, 311 ; the Gar- land in a Dorsetshire garden, 211 ; William Allen Richardson at Entteld, 143 Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdaritfa), 428 Roses, a hedge of, 429 ; a paved garden of, 21 ; a screen of, 289 ; China, and Ivy in November, 300 ; in November, 303 ; over a stone wall, 24 Rotterdam, Victoria regia in the Botanic Gardens, 295 St. Louis Exhibition, Carter's flowers in the old English garden at the, 386 .Saxifraga loneifolia, seedlings of, 105 Scolopendrium vulgare crispum, 129 Seeds, ornamental, 97 Spiirea gigantea, the beautiful, 174 Spring Suowflake, the, in a Surrey garden, 247 Stepping stones across Lily pool in Lord Lilfora's rock garden, 140 Storing trays, a pair cf Orr's, 184 Strawberry, new, Laxton's Reward, 29 ; new, the Alake, 30 Succulent house at Kew, the, 433 Teirick, Ellesborough, Tring, 150 The Hollies, Weybridge, the rtaidence of Mr. G. Feiguson, view in the gardens at, Tulips, early, 230 Veronica Traversii at Kew, 391 Veitch, Mr. Harry J., 2 Victoria regia in the Botanic Gardens. Rotterdam, 295 Warley Cottage show. Miss Willmotfs exhibit of fruit at the, 219 Water garden at Terrick. the, 157 Waterside, an English, 175 Walk, Grass, and mixed borders, 413 Wild garden at Wolseley, Staffordshire, in the, 136 Wind shelter in a Smrey garden, SO Wistaria and Clema*^is montana at Farnham Royal, 347 Yucca recurvifolia at Broxbourne, 108 ^^t. t^-'^- GARDEN No. 1702.— Vol. LXVI. [July 2, 1904. EXHIBITION ROSES. The Forthcoming Show. INTEREST in exhibition Roses naturally centres round the National Rose Society's metropolitan show in the Temple Gar- dens, which this year takes place on Wednesday next, and from reports that reach me from north, south, east, and west there seems little doubt that, when the verdict comes to be delivered and judg- ment passed, the coming exhibition will be the best the society has had for many years. It is generally unwise to prophesy unless you know, but I will place before your readers extracts of letters that have reached me from some of our leading exhibitors and let them judge for themselves. For reasons unnecessary to mention, I give the districts my corre- spondents write from : Hitchin. — " I do not think my Roses have ever looked better. A little rain would be beneficial perhaps, but at present only the surface is dry. The season is earlier than anticipated some months back, but Hybrid Perpetuals should be at their best by the 6th.'' Colchester. — (1) " Our plants are looking splendid. The Roses that take the champion prize this year will be worth going a long way to see." (2) " Could not be better. The garden Roses are exceptionally promising. Some of the early sorts will be past their best, but there are plenty to choose from. All flowers are coming very perfect, and exceptionally good in colour." South Essex. — "My trees are all right, and I am feeling very happy about the 6th. This will be a Nadaillac year if my own trees are any criterion." Middlesex, North. — "All Eoses round here are looking grand. I do not think mine were ever better, and T 's are just as good." Middlesex, South. — " Roses, especially Teas, promise well, though rather early, I think. Mildred Grant will take some beating this year, at any rate." Surrey {Leatherhead and Reigate). — (1) "Every sign of a great year. I wish the Temple exhibition had been a week earlier. I am already cutting beautiful blooms." (2) " Excellent ; am quite hopeful." Worcestershire. — " The prospects are dis- tinctly good. Our light soil wants rain. The weather has just suited the Teas." Birmingham and the Midlands. — "Yes, I shall be at the Temple show, and I hope in good fighting trim." It is seldom one gets such unanimous con- sensus of opinion as the above. The Roses will be there, at any rate. It is not too late to remind your readers who think of attending the show that if they want to see the Roses at their very best they must come early. This means purchasing a ticket a little more expen- sive ; but there is still time to become a member. The subscription is only 10s. 6d., and this carries the privilege of three five shilling tickets, besides all the publications of the society, which are alone worth the money, plus a book on " How to Prune," which is now in course of preparation, and which will form the last word on this most important subject. The hon. secretary, Mr. E. ilawley, of Rose- bank, Berkhampstead, Herts, will be glad to receive the name of any intending member. No introduction is necessary ; simply name and address and a subscription of half a guinea or a guinea, the latter amount carries double the number of five shilling tickets. The schedule for the show contains a lot of new features. Roses for every conceivable object will be exhibited — arches, pergolas, creeping Roses for slopes and rockwork, bed- ding Roses, garden Roses, and last, but not least, the Rose in its highest phase of possible beauty — that Rosepac excellence, the exhibition Rose. Heebeet E. Molyneux. Brantwood, Balham. GARDENERS' ROYAL BENE- VOLENT INSTITUTION. The annual festival of this praiseworthy charity was held on Tuesday last in the Whitehall Rooms of the Hotel Metropole, when Mr. Harry J. Veitch, the treasurer, presided. It was a memorable evening ; the rooms were filled with gardening enthusiasts, who not only think of the practical work of the garden, but of those who labour to bring it to perfection. Ill-health is a heritage of both rich and poor. The rich can provide com- forts to alleviate it, but the poor cannot, and it is for the poor the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution was founded. A great effort has been made this year by Mr. Veitch to increase the funds of the charity, and it was an excellent thought of the committee to publish an illustrated and well- printed account of the institution. This pamphlet tells us that it was founded one winter's night in 1S39 at the old Crown and Anchor Tavern in the Strand. It is interesting to know that the first chairman was Mr. George Glenny, and since that year over £100,000 have been collected. The first president was H.R.H. the first Duke of Cambridge, and in February, 1843, a paid secretary was appointed — Mr. Edward Cutler — whose untiring industry in the cause of the institution is fresh in mind. The institution has grown in influence, but it is unable to cope with all the distressed cases that come before the committee. Although so large a sum was collected on Tuesday evening, it must be remembered that the demands upon those who are able to assist never relax. There are always applicants, and many must be refused the aid they so urgently require through insufficient funds. The history and aims of the institution are set forth in this booklet, and portraits are published of the patrons. Their Majesties the King and Queen, H.R.H. the Princess of Wales, and Her late Majesty Queen Victoria ; the president, the Prince of Wales, the late Mr. Cutler, the Very Rev. Dean Hole, V.M.H., Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O., V.M.H., Mr. Harry J. Veitch (the treasurer, and chairman this year), Mr. G. .J. Ingram (the secretary), the late Mr. John Lee, and the three trustees (the Hon. Walter Rothschild, M.P., V.M.H., Mr. Bruno Schroder, and Mr. N. N. Sherwood, V.M.H.). The list of those who have taken the chair includes the names of the Right Hon. John .Johnson, Lord Mayor of London (1846), the Right Hon. Lord Ebury, the Right Hon. the Earl of Carlisle, Mr. Joseph Paxton, and again after a knighthood had been conferred upon him, the Right Hon. the Earl of Carnarvon, the Right Hon. the Earl of Ducie, Sir C. Wentworth Dilke, Bart., M.P., the Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart., the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby, His Grace the Duke of Argyll, K.T., His Highness the Duke of Teok, G.C.B., the Very Rev. S. Reynolds Hole, Dean of Rochester, the Right Hon. Lord Henry Gordon-Lennox, M.P., Alfred de Rothschild, Sir S. Morton Peto, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Robert Marnock, Serjeant Cox, H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught, K.G., the Right Hon. Lord Aberdare, the Right Hon. Sir J. Whiltaker Ellis, Bart., M.P., Alderman Cotton, N. N. Sherwood, Leopold de Rothschild, the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, the Bight Hon. Lord Brassey, K.C.B., Baron Schroder, Sir Julian Goldsmid, Bart, M.P., His Grace the Duke of Fife, K.T., the Right Hon. the Earl of Lathom, G.C.B., the Right Hon. Lord Rothschild, Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., His Grace the Duke of Portland, the Right Hon. Lord Llangattock, His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, and the Right Hon. the Earl of Warwick. The early history of the institution should be read by all who are interested in charities, whether those organised to help distressed gardeners or otherwise, and the following extract from this booklet will show how greatly funds are needed to carry on the great work begun sixty-five years ago: — "At the date of the Diamond Jubilee of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria, the invested funds of the institution amounted to nearly £30,000, yielding an annual income of about £860. No material addition has been made since, with the exception of the Victorian Era and Good Samaritan Funds, of which the derived income is applied to the special purposes for which they were founded. At that time there were 161 pensioners on the list, involving an annual outlay of nearly £3,000. Now (1904) there are 207 pensioners on the list, at an annual cost of £3,796, exclusive of rent of office and expenses of management. To provide for the sum expended in excess of the income from the invested funds, the committee have to ,depend on the life and annual subscriptions of members and the donations of the benevolent, sources of income always liable to fluctuation from year to year. And although there has been a gradual increase in THE GAEDEN. [Jlly 2, 1904 the actual income from year to year, coincident with this increase, the demands on the funds, especially during the past three years, have in- creased in an enormously greater proportion, so that the committee are no longer able to place on the pension list without election by votes can- didates who have subscribed to the institution. Thus at the election in January, 1903, thirty-one of the applicants were unsuccessful, most of them subscribers in their more prosperous days, and several of them totally blind." The dinner was held, as usual, in the Whitehall Rooms of the Hotel Metropole, and it is pleasant to know that there was a record attendance and a record subscription. The sum collected amounted to £3,500, and the chairman, Mr. Harry J. Veitch, who is also the treasurer, must have felt that his labours were rewarded. After the usual loyal toasts, Mr. Veitch proposed "Continued Pros- perity to the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Insti- tution," and in the course of his remarks referred to the work that has been accomplished in the past, the great help of the auxiliary branches, and the munificent donation of £500 from Mr. N. N. Sherwood, who has also given a similar sum to the Royal Gardeners' Orphan Fund. He alluded to the investments, and mentioned that an adequate sura was necessary for paj'ing the pensions. Mr. Veitch read many letters conveying the grateful thanks of those who were benefiting b3' the institution, but regretted deeply that so many were unsuccessful every year. Funds were necessary to place the applicants — all thoroughly deserving of sympathy — upon the funds. This toast was responded to by Mr. George Dickson, V.M.H., who also warmly commended the institution to those in a position to help it. "Horticulture in all its Branches" was proposed by Mr. J. Golman, D.L., J. P., and responded to by Mr. J. Ciurney Fowler, treasurer of the Royal Horticultural Society. " The Health of the Chairman " was rapturously received, and was proposed by Mr. Arthur W. Sutton, .J. P., V.M.H. He referred to the influence of Mr. Veitch in all things that promoted the welfare and happiness of those in adversitj-, mentioning inci- dentally that to-morrow (Wednesday) was the chairman's birthday. The tables were beautifully decorated, and among the more important subscriptions were the following : The Chairman, 100 guineas ; Mr. N. N. Sherwood, ,£500; Messrs. J. Veitch and Son, Messrs. Sutton and Sons, and Messrs. Rothschild and Sons, each 100 guineas ; Arthur W. Sutton, 15 guineas for the Victorian Era Fund, and Leonard G. Sutton, 10 guineas for the Good Samaritan Fund ; Mrs. H. J. Veitch, £26 5s. ; W. L. Corry, £63 ; Leopold Salomons, J. Gurney Fowler, and Jeremiah Colman, £52 10s. each ; Alfred Watkins, £38 178. 6d. ; Alderman Osman, £35 ; F. Cooper, £31 9s. 5d. ; W. Robinson and R. Milligan Hogg, each £25 ; W. Crump, £23 5s. ; H. Hicks, Manchester, £2-2 lOs. 6d. ; A. Porteous, £21 10s. ; Messrs. Hurst and Son and A. G. Uiatt, each £21 ; .James Sweet, A. B. Wadds, and H. Parr, £20 each : G. Profit, £18 5s. ; David W. Thomson, £16 13s. (k\. ; H. J. Chapman, £1611s. ; George Harrow, £17103.; Herbert Hicks, 15 guineas ; A. Mackellar, £16 17s. ; Thames Bank Iron Company, 15 guineas ; H. G. Cove, 13 guineas ; James Hudson and John Heal, £12 12s. each ; P. O. Knowles, £12 ; George Paul, £13 Ss. ; E. F. Hawes, 12 guineas. The following contributed 10 guineas each : Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Alfred de Rothschild, Leopold de Rothschild, Lionel de Rothschild, Henry Jones, C. Czarnikow, W. E. Green, J. F. Gabriel, George Bunyard and Co., Barr and Son, S. Mortimer, W. Atkinson, C. Allen, proprietors of Country Life, H. J. Wimsett, W. Thompson, H. J. Adams, George A. Dickson, and T. M. Segar ; Mr. J. Douglas, £10 ; Messrs. Veitch and Son, Exeter, 7 guineas ; J. L. Woodroffe and N. F. Barnes, each 6 guineas; J. Willard, £6: W. Roupell, 7 guineas : and H. W. Nutting, £7 17s. The following contributed 5 guineas each ; Sir Walter Smyth, Bart., Messrs. Edward Hudson, pro- prietors of The Garden, E. T. Cook, T. L. Green, Francis Wellesley, Bruno Schroder, Walter Cobb, Carl Menyer, James Lee, Alfred Beit, W. Rapley, W. J. Nutting, Thomas Jones, W. .J. Jefferies, Protheroe and Morris, S. Osbom, Barr and Sons (additional), and W. Cutbush and Son. Messrs. Owen Thomas, W. Bain, R. Dean, and J. Ollerhead contributed 3 guineas each. The Reading and Worcester auxiliaries collected very large sums, and the amount forthcoming from Covent Garden friends was £407, making a total of £3..500. The health of Mr. Ingram, the secretary, was warmlj' received. An interesting number in the programme of music was a song composed by Mr. Edward Sherwood, son of Mr. N. N. Sherwood, " Hope Long Deferred." NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. July 2. — Sutton (Surrey) Rose Show. July 6. — National Rose Society's Temple Show ; Southampton (two days), Croydon, Hereford, Ealing, and Hanley (two days) Horticultural Shows ; Ipswich Summer Show ; Royal Botanic Society's Show ; Beckenham Horticultural Society's Show. July 7. — Norwich Horticultural Show ; Chipping Norton and Walton-on-Thames Rose Shows. July 9. — Windsor and Eton, Warminster, and Gloucester Rose Shows. ME. HAKRT J. VEITCH. (Chairman of the Festival Dinner of the Gardeiurs' Royal Benevolent Institution, held last Tmsday.) July 12. — Royal Horticultural Society's Holland House Show (two days) ; Wolverhampton Floral Fete (three days). July 13. — Form by, Reading, Stevenage Thorn- ton Heath, and Harrow Rose Shows ; Nottingham- shire Horticultural and Botanic Society's Show (two daj-s). July 14. — Weybridge Flower Show ; Higbgate Horticultural Society's .Show ; Bath, Elthani, Helensburgh, and Woodbridge Rose Shows ; Ports- mouth Rose Show (two days). July 15. — Gresford and Ulverstone Rose Shows. July 16. — Manchester Rose Show. July 19. — Saltaire and Tibshelf Rose Shows. July 20. — National Sweet Pea Society's Show at Crystal Palace (two days). .July 21. — Halifax Rose Show ; National Carna- tion and Picotee Society's (Southern Section) Show. .July 22. — Handsworth Horticultural Society's Floral Fete (two days). July 27. — Newcastle-upon-Tyne Summer Flower Show (three days) ; Cardiff Summer Show (two). "The Garden."— Next week The Gakdex will be largely devoted to Roses, and will contain illustrations showing beautiful ways of growing Roses. There will be also a full report of the National Rose Society's exhibition to be held in the Temple Gardens on Wednesday next. The Royal Gapdeners' Orphan Fund. — We understand that the treasurer of this institution (Mr. N. N. Sherwood) has expressed his intention of giving the fund a special donation of £500. University Colleg-e, Reading.— The official opening of the garden of the horticultural department of LTniversity College, Reading, as described on page 14, was performed by the Right Hon. the Earl of Onslow, G.C.M.G., President of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, in perfect weather, in the presence of a numerous and distinguished company, on Midsummer Day. In honour of the occasion a garden party was given by Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Palmer. About four o'clock the company assembled in a large marquee to take part in the opening ceremony. After speeches by the chairman and the principal of the college. Lord Onslow declared the garden open, first making, in a long speech, sympathetic reference to its value and usefulness, and wishing it a successful career. Meeting of early-flowering Chry- santhemum growers at Tamworth. For the fourth year in succession Mr. William Sydenham of Bolehill House, Tamworth, is inviting growers of the early-flowering Chrysanthemums to his trial of plants on Saturday, .September 24 next. There is also to be a show, on the same day, of flowers cut from the open that have not been disbudded. Mr. Sydenham has spared neither pains nor expense in acquiring every known variety now in cultivation, and the displaj' that may be anticipated on the date alreadj' mentioned will be very representative. The object of this trial of the early-flowering sorts is to demonstrate the value of the Chrysanthemum for the border. Much has been accomplished in recent years of which the flower -loving public know so little. The earl3'- fiowering Chrysanthemums are fast increasing in popularitv, and many fine novelties appear each season. It is a matter for regret that in London so much apathj- in popularising the early sorts is apparent, and that we have to look to a single enthusiastic cultivator in the Midlands to lead the way. — D. B. Crane. British Gardeners' Association.— The hon. secretar}' (pro tan.) of the British Gardeners' Association, Mr. W. Watson, Kew Road, Kew, asks us to state, on behalf of the com- mittee of selection, that, owing to the pressure of correspondence and there being as 5'et no paid secretary to devote his whole time to the daily increasing work of the association, he hopes that intending members and others will excuse any delay there may be in answering their letters. Also that those interested in the association will render valuable assistance by applying for forms of application, &c., for distribution, or by sending him the names of qualified gardeners likely to join. Donations towards the £250 required for initial expenses will be welcomed, it being felt that, when the services of a paid secretary and offices are secured, the association will speedily be able to make its influence felt. The forms of application for membership are now ready and can be obtained by request. Fremontia ealifornica.— I see that Mr. Robinson in the "English Flower Garden" de- scribes this shrub as scarcely hardy enough for the open air without protection. I have never pro- tected it, and it certainly used to look unhappy after the spring frosts. But it is growing strong!}' on a south wall, has reached 15 feet, seems to intend to grow much higher, and has dozens of beautiful cup-shaped j'ellow flowers opening day by day. — E. R. Bernard, SnUshurij. The National Potato Society.— Mr. J. W. Maiden, a well-known Potato specialist of Ham, Surrej-, has presented the National Potato Societj- with four dozen plants of Eldorado Potato for growth this j-ear. Of these twelve have gone to Rothanistead, to be under the charge of the chairman, Mr. A. D. Hall ; twelve to Mr. Reding- ton of Leeds, Yorkshire ; twelve to Mr. A. Dean, July 2, 1904.] THE GARDEN. Kingston, Surrej ; and twelve to another county centre. All the plants were well rooted in 5-inch pots. Remembering the high prices asked for single plants, this present is a very valuable one. Mr. Maiden is cultivating some 2,000 similar plants this season. With reference to the silver cup which it was last week mentioned Sir J. T. D. Llewelyn, president of the Potato Society, was offering for competition, the committee have agreed to make it an additional prize for the best competitive exhibit in the Crystal Palace show next October. Rhododendron kamschaticum. — Flowering plants of this decidedly uncommon yet pretty little species of Rhododendron were noted among other rarities in the group contributed bj' Mr. G. Reuthe at the recent Temple show. It is essentially a shrub for the rockwork, flowering as . it does when less than a foot in height ; indeed, j that would appear to be about its limit in this respect, though it is somewhat spreading in growth. The leaves are hairy, ovale in shape, j 1 inch or a little more in length, while the com- paratively large flowers are about H inches across and of a deep rosy purple colour. In general i appearance they suggest those of the Himalayan < Rhododendron lepidotum. Occurring as it does [ throughout the northern regions of both hemi- spheres, R. kamschaticum has a wide geographical ; distribution, and, as might be expected, the plants and flowers show a certain amount of variation. The plants shown at the Temple were from the neighbourhood of Lake Baikal. — T. Choisya tern ata.-— This is a valuable shrub where it thrives well ; it evidently does so in the garden of Lord Alverstone at Winter- fold, Cranleigh, as may be seen from the accom- panying illustration. The bush represented is some 12 feet througli, and an exceptionally fine specimen. In Surrey and Berkshire the Choisya does remark- ably well ; it appears to appreciate a warm and sheltered nook and fairly light, cool soil. In exposed and northern gardens this shrub requires protection, but the wealth of fragrant flowers and rich green leaves well repay any trouble taken to ensure its welfare. Rose Clio. — What a splendid Rose this is for vigour of growth and freedom of flowering ! It seems to do well whatever the season ; for a town garden I know of no Rose that is more satisfactory. As a standard it grows well, and bears bunches of flowers, all of which, although they are so numerous, seem to develop properly. The flesh pink blooms are borne on strong shoots, and, although they do admirablj' as vase flowers, it seems a pity to cut the shoot, as there are so many buds together in various stages of development, some so small that they would not open in water ; the stalks of individual blooms, however, are so short as to render them of little use when cut. Unless therefore one has plenty of plants and can afford to cut the whole shoot, and so sacrifice some buds, this Rose must be admired in the garden alone. Etienne Levet as a bush does splendidly in the town garden also. It grows freely, and pro- duces flowers of perfect form. — A. H. P. Notes on Lilies.— Of numerous Lilies planted last year in a town garden it may be of interest to mention those which have done best this first season after planting, and of possible help to others. L. davuricum grandiflorum, as might have been expected, has grown well and flowered abundantl}'. Its rich orange red blooms have been a bright picture for two or three weeks. L. Hansoni, too, has done well. The two bulbs planted have both grown and both produced buds, although, unfortunatelj", those on one plant damped off when about half-developed. The others have opened, however, and the rich yellow, black spotted blooms are much admired. Lilium elegans (dwarf) have all grown, and some six out of twelve bulbs put in have produced their solitary flower, which, however, makes up in size and colouring what is lacking in quantity. L. pyrenaicum bloomed well, and of two bulbs of L. pomponium one has produced three blooms, while the other made growth but has not flowered. What a beautiful Lily this is with its deep scarlet turn-cap flowers and pretty small grey leaves ! L. chalcedonicum began to grow, it got about 3 inches high and then died away. Several bulbs of this species did exactly the same, but I am told that in the first 3'ear after planting L. chalcedonicum often does this. I have no doubt that it will make its appearance in due course next year. L. washing-, tonianuni and L. colchieum, although they have not made vigorous growth, are showing buds. L. pardalinum and L. superbum both are coming into flower ; several of the buds have damped off through no apparent cause, whileothers remain quite healthy. L. Batemannise and L. canadense made growths CHOISrA TEBNATA IN LOKD ALVERSTOXE'S GARDES AT WISTEKFOLD, CRANLEIGH. about 1 foot high, but these are dying away with- out showing signs of flowering. L. Brownii has proved disappointing, some bulbs made growth and some did not, but now there are signs of none. This Lily seems to me to be very capricious ; at least I have never been able to make it grow well in a town garden. It has flowered well one season and then disappeared altogether. L. Martagon, of course, has succeeded, so has L. longiflorum, L. auralum. and several varieties of L. speciosum, notably L. s. melpomene. But finest of all, so far as growth is concerned, is L. tigrinum giganteum, a clump of a dozen bulbs promises to make a grand display when in flower. All these Liliums were planted this year, some in .lanuary and some in April, in a poor loamy soil with which leaf-soil and silver sand were intermixed. — H. P. A. Primula obeonica alba.— A group of this Primula in Messrs. Veitch's exhibit at the Temple show was grealh' admired, for though we have had P. obeonica for several years, I have never before met with so near an approach to a pure white. Most of the plants showed a certain tinge of colour, and whether any of them were absolutely pure could not be detected in the poor light that prevailed at the time of my visit. At all events with such a marked advance towards a white Primula obeonica, an absolutely pure variety seems well within the bounds of possibilitj', and when that comes it will render this species even more popular than it is at the present time, for despite the fact that handling the plant causes irritation to many it is now very largely grown. — T. Caterpillars on Gooseberry bushes. — Besides the various methods detailed by Mr. Wythes on page 426 to combat the larvse of the Currant or Gooseberry moth, a good deal may be done towards lessening this pest by destroying all the perfect insects that can be met with, and if this is carried out before the eggs are deposited each female one that is killed represents a cluster of caterpillars the less. The detection and capture of the perfect insect is an easy matter, as it is ver}' distinct in character, its general appearance being well expressed by the popular name of Magpie moth, for the white wings are marked with numerous blackish spots or blotches. Added to this its flight is very slow and hesitating, so that no great amount of exertion is necessary to capture a considerable number where they are at all plentiful. — T. Leptospermum seoparium. — The Leptospermums form a very pretty class of free- flowering shrubs, all of which are natives of Australia. They need, except in especially favoured districts, the protection of a greenhouse, though in the extreme west they do well out of doors. The hardiest is, I think, that at the head of this note, which grows wild in New Zealand as well as in Australia. The dried leaves have before now been used as Tea, the plant itself being known as Captain Cook's Tea Tree. It forms a freely branched shrub, whose slender shoots are clothed with small narrow leaves, and just now are thickly studded with pinkish blossoms. Most of the species, through all of which runs a strong family likeness, have white blossoms. Potted in a mixture of peat, loam, and sand they give but little trouble, provided they are sheltered in a structure from which frost is just excluded in the winter. Tbey belong to the Myrtle family, and if the leaves are crushed between the fingers they give off a frag- rance. Throughout the summer months these Leptospermums may be placed out of doors. — T. AotUS g'racillima. — Among greenhouse plants of a shrubby character that flower during the spring months those belonging to the order LeguminosEe are strongly represented. Charming though this AotUS is when in flower, it cannot be called popular, for it is rarely met within gardens, though kept in stock in most nurseries (and they are now very limited) where hard-wooded plants are still grown. It is a free-growing shrub that well merits the specific name of gracilliraa, as its shoots are long and slender, often reaching 3 feet or nearly so in length in a single season, if the plant has been cut back hard after flowering. These shoots are thickly clothed with small narrow leaves, from the axils of which flowers are freely THE GARDEN. 'July 2, 1904. produced. They are yellow and crimson in colour, and 80 numerous that in a good specimen the long graceful shoots are transformed into golden wands. It is a native of Australia, whence it was intro- duced just sixty years ago, and its cultural require- ments are much the same as those needed by the bulk of what are popularly known as New Holland plants, that is, a soil principally composed of good fibrous peat and sand, firm potting, careful atten- tion to watering, and a greenhouse temperature. — H. P. Laburnum Adami.— A great deal of interest centres round this plant, especially during flowering time, and as regularly as June comes round we hear of its freaks with an extremely varied collection of suggestions as to the cause of its variable character. This year the Scotsman published a series of letters (0th, lOlh, and 11th ult. ) about the flowering of this tree, and, judging from them, a number of large specimens are to be met with in Scotland. In some of these notes the recognised authentic history of its origin is given, while in others the guesses made at the cause of purple and yellow blossoms being borne on one and the same tree at the same time are remarkable. One gives the reason "that the colour is transmitted from a Copper Beech which grows near." This is either a joke or lamentable ignorance. The tree is extremely interesting, and has been much studied by scientific men both in the past and at present. Loudon describes L. Adami in his " Encyclopiedia of Trees and Shrubs," and gives its origin as follows: "The purple Laburnum is a sport from a bud of Cytisus purpureas inserted in C. (Laburnum) alpinus, in 1825, by D. Adam, a nurseryman at Vitry, near Paris. The flowers are of a reddish purple, slightly tinged with buff, and are produced in pendant spikes 8 inches or more long. A few years after this sport originated it was found that it had a strong tendency to return to the original kinds, and that from one bud or graft branches were produced of the true Cytisus purpureus, of the true Labur- num (either the alpine or the common, according to which of these may have been chosen as the stock), with yellow flowers, and of the purple Laburnum." This character, which Loudon mentioned upwards of sixty years ago, holds good now, and the peculiar part is that one can never be certain that the same characters will be developed two years in succession. It is a common thing to get the yellow and purple Laburnum -shaped inflorescences on the one plant, but it is much rarer to have the foregoing, and in addition shoots of apparently typical Cytisus pur- pureus, with its tiny leaves and small purple blossoms. Two trees at Kew have borne three distinct sorts of growth, foliage, and flowers this year, while a third plant of the same age and planted at the same time has had one sort only. So far it appears as if good seeds will be borne by the branches bearing yellow flowers and by the branches of Cytisus purpureus, while the true L. Adami flowers do not appear to be setting seed, a few pods only have not dropped off, and these are not swelling. So far we are unaware as to whether seeds sown from C. Adami have produced plants having the same peculiarities as the parent. If anyone has tried it a record of the result would be of interest. Mr. VV. Low, in writing about this plant, asks whether C. purpureus is hardy. It is, and could be obtained from some good nurseryman who makes a speciality of trees and shrubs. THE FLOWER GARDEN. PLAGIANTHUS LYALLI AT HOME. I ONCE read in The Garden that this small tree was hardy in England as far north as London if grown against a south wall, but I am of opinion that it ought to prove liardy nearly everywhere in the Old Country. When I mention the conditions under which it grows in its native habitat I think many will agree with me. In the beginning of February last I made a trip across the Southern Alps from Lake Te Anan, by way of McKinnon's Pass to Milford Sound, and during that journey I had an opportunity of seeing this tree thriving under very trying circumstances. Te Anan is a grand sheet of water, lying nearly 700 feet above sea level, and having an area of 130 square miles. Our starting point for our walk was the head of the hike, whither we proceeded by steamer from the foot, and, unfortunately, the day was wet, so the mountains surrounding the lake were hidden by clouds ; but when we reached Glade House, the little hostelry on the Clinton River, the masses of cloud began to break, and the rocky summits of the mountains now and again peered through the enshrouding mists. As Glade House was crowded, we decided to move on to Mid Camp, a stopping-place some si,\ miles up the narrow valley of the Clinton. Our way lay through Birch Forest, as the trees, which are Beeches, are misnamed by the colonists, chiefly Fagus Menziesii, with some F. fusca and an occasional Totara (Podocarpus Hallii) ; but along the banks of the river and in open glades, which ever and anon occurred where some brawling stream joined the river, or where in times long gone by some huge landslip had crashed into the bush from the mountain side, we first met the Plagianthus Lyalli. It was past flowering, but the branches were hung with unripe seeds, and showed how profuse the flower had been. In due course we reached Mid Camp, where there are three rough huts erected by the Government— one for ladies, another for men, and a third which served the purposes of kitchen, storeroom, and dining-room, with a separate apartment for the guides' bunks. It had been showery all the way, and we were glad to get ourselves dried at a roaring wood tire. The huts stood on the edge of the forest in one of the glades men- tioned, and we found growing all round them bushes of Aristotelia fruticosa in full fruit, some of them quite bright with their abun- dance of coral pink berries. Here we were glad to find a pair of wekas or Maori hens (Ocydromus australis), a familiar active brown rail that once was common all over the country, but now has been nearly exterminated by the stoats and weasels, foolishly turned out by the Government to cope with the rabbit pest. The Aristotelia mentioned must be hardy enough to grow at least in the south of England, and though from its small foliage it is hardly worth a place in the shrubbery, yet if it berried in cultivation anything like those we saw it would be a decided acquisition. Ne.xt day our way led through similar country till we reached Mintaro huts, where we dined. It was still showery, and had turned cold. The summits of the mountains visible through the openings in the bush were powdered with newly-fallen snow. We had now reached an elevation of some 2,000 feet, and were close to the foot of the pass. We soon left the Birch trees behind, and entered a region where the Plagianthus reigned alone, and we were delighted to find it still in flower. The showers changed from rain to snow, and as we began the tinal ascent to the saddle it was snowing heavily. The Plagian- thus trees continued some way up the mountain side, but the flowers presented a very forlorn appearance as they hung in dripping wreaths from their parent boughs. Indeed, as their whiteness rivalled that of the falling snow, they almost looked like snowflakes caught in some my.sterious fashion, left hanging from the branches. As we ascended the snow became heavier, and before we reached the summit there was a depth of more than 6 inches of snow under foot. We were well pleased to begin the descent from the highest point, which is 3,400 feet above sea level, and to hurry down the western side to the Beech huts, which have an altitude of only 840 feet, where we found a more genial atmosphere. Next morning was fine, and we strolled along to the Sutherland Falls, the highest waterfall in the world, where a large stream comes leaping down the mountain side a sheer distance of 1,904 feet. The drenching spray descended like rain for a considerable distance from the foot of the fall, round which for a large area almost the only vegetation was coarse, wind-swept grass, which bent before the breeze caused by the falling waters. Our onward way led down the valley of the Arthur River to Milford Sound, a magnificent fiord surrounded by grand, awe-inspiring mountains, some bush clad, others, such as Mitre Peak, too steep to afford roothold to any but the most stunted bushes on its lower steeps, while Mount Pembroke carries a gleaming glacier in its bosom. The track from Beech huts to Milford was of a character somewhat similar to that on the other side of the range, but the vegetation was richer. Ferns were more plentiful, from occasional groups of Tree Ferns to filmy Ferns enwreathing the tree stems, including the beautiful Tricho- manes reniforme, while filling the interval were other species ; and we passed banks covered with the lovely double Crape, or Prince of Wales' Feather Fern (Todea superba). This Fern we had seen on the other side of the pass as well. On our way back we had fine weather, and found the snow all gone from the pass. As we climbed the western slope, and got above the bush, we found the Plagianthus trees in full flower, and none the worse for the severe storm they had so recently passed through. Now it must be remembered that the beginning of February here corresponds to the beginning of August in the Northern Hemisphere, and I think that any plant which will come scatheless through a heavy snow- storm in the beginning of August has some claims to be considered hardy. It appears to be most accommodating in its habits also, for though its natural habitat is the upper edge of the bush line, it occurs right down to sea level in the sounds, or fiords, where a few trees may be found overhanging the water, and numbers of young seedlings grow amongst the stones about the mouths of creeks. At the higher levels it is quite deciduous, while lower down it is all but an evergreen. When we left the Plagianthus groves below us, our track traversed a shrubby region, where the grey bushes of Olearia moschata were in full bloom. This shrub should be as hardy as I. Haastii, which appears to be a favourite at home, and while its bunches of white Daisy flowers would have a more effective setting in foliage of a darker hue, the silvery sheen of its leaves makes it a distinct and pleasing bush even when not in flower. Here, too, were growing several Veronicas, both of the whipcord and leafy varieties, the only one I found in flower being V. grandiflora. I had met with both V. Lyallii and V. Catarractw in the stony water- courses in the Clinton Valley. Above the scrub the mountain side was covered with Celmisias of several species, all past flowering, and the round, dark leaves of the Ranunculus Lyallii, from amidst which rose innumerable seed stems, so that one could picture what a glorious sight it must have been when theflo wers were in bloom. All this had been hidden by the July 2, 1904.J THE GARDEN snow when we were going, as well as many more lovely and interesting mountain plants growing between their larger neighbours. Amongst the latter was Senecio Lyallii, which was also past its best, though a few belated bunches of its pretty yellow flowers were still to be seen, and after a considerable search I found a plant of the white - flowered variety. Wahlenber^ia saxicola still displayed a few of its pale blue bells, and Gentiana pleurogynoides was sending up its stems crowned with bunches of nearly opened white blossoms. As I was gathering plants I heard a noise like thunder, and looking upwards I saw a large avalanche which had broken away from the Jervois Glacier come crashing down the precipitous mountain-side like a mighty waterfall. From near the summit of the pass we were able to look down 2,500 feet to the Beech huts we had left in the morning, and which lay right below us, while Mount Hart and Balloon Peak towered into the clear sky above us. All along the track on the lower lands the soil and gravel thrown up in its formation were carpeted with low-growing plants. Here Nertera depressa was studded with its bright berries, there Pratia angulosa had still a few flowers, but its flowering season was nearly over, and many of its fruits were ripe. In opener places AcEenas were met with, and in one dampish spot the perfume told it was a creeping Mentha I was crushing under foot, and there were many others. For a plant lover it was a most enjoyable trip, nor were other interests lacking. On the pass we saw a couple of Keas (Nestor notabilis), the destructive sheep-killing parrot, and while in the bush we occasionally saw their cousin, the Kaka (Nestor meridionalis), but, strange to say, only one or two parrakeets (Platycercus Novas Zealandiie) were seen, though only a few years ago these birds were very abundant. We saw tracts of the nocturnal parrot, the Kakapo (Stringopo habroptilus), and a few of our handsome wood pigeons (Carcophaga Novte Zealandise). The tame bush robin (Petri_eca albifrons), once so numerous and friendly that if one sat down anywhere in the bush a robin would imme- diately come into view, and, gradually hopping nearer, would perhaps alight on the foot of the watcher, was very scarce, though as friendly as ever. The harsh cry of the long-tailed cuckoo (Endynamis laitensis) was the dominant bird note, but the warble of its foster parent, the yellow head or native canary (Orthonyx ochrocephela), was heard chiefly in the Plagianthus groves, and the cheep of the active tailless tiny little rifleman was constantly heard as they hurried and scurried among the branches and up the trunks of the trees. But I am wandering far from my subject, so shall say nothing more about the birds, nor shall I say anything about the scenery, except this, that I do not think there are many places in the world where the same combinations of sylvan loveliness and mountain grandeur are to be found. A globe-trotting English lady and gentleman whom we met on our way told us they were charmed mth what they had seen, and had never beheld scenery they liked better. They were apparently entitled to speak with authority, as they had just come from Japan, where they had walked some FOXULOVES AND FEENS IN THE r.ARDEN OF DR. LIONEL BEALE, F.R.S., WEYBEIDGE. 200 miles through the most picturesque localities. They had also been in the Hima- layas, and were familiar with Switzerland. Notwithstanding these digressions I think I have shown that Plagianthus Lyallii should be hardy in England. A. Bathgate. Dunedin, New Zealand. A SURREY W^OODLAND GARDEN. PO O K soil beneath giant specimens of Scotch Fir would hardly seem to be the most desirable spot to grow plants successfully, yet the garden at Weybridge of Dr. Lionel Beale, F.E.S., is thus situated, and of the many good things it contains Dr. Beale has on several occasions written in The Garden. Last year an illustration was given of a splendid plant of Chamasrops excelsa, that has been growing out of doors there for many years. One or two other good specimens of this Palm may also be seen there, as well as numerous Bamboos, an extensive collection of Ferns and evergreen shrubs, and such plants as Japanese Maples, Azaleas, Khododendrons, Lilies of the Valley, Foxgloves, Camellias, Roses, Hellebores, Liliums, Leucojum, and bulbous plants. As shown in the accom- panying illustration, Ferns and Foxgloves luxuriate in this shady retreat. Dr. Beale and his gardener have made dells here and there, which are clothed with the foliage of Ferns, from whose shelter now peep the bells of of Foxglove and Campanula or the yellow cups of Liliums, while in early spring they are whitened vsdth Snowdrops and Hellebores, or, later, are blue with Scillas. Aristolochia Sipho has clambered to the top of a large tree, clothing the trunk with its bold handsome foliage, Camellias thrive beneath the huge bushes of Rhododendrons. The banks of the grassy walks that honeycomb this woodland garden are smothered with Ferns, and Saxi- frages peep out at one from here and there ; in short, there are features of interest and delight at almost every turn. Few would have made such an oasis of poor, dry, woodland ground as Dr. Beale has done, and the best of all, per- haps, is that this garden is as full of interest and has a certain beauty, too, in winter as in summer. THE AURICULA— JULY. THE plants are still resting, and although but little change may be perceptible, still active root-growing is going on, and should be en- couraged. Water carefully and see that the soil does not become sodden. Admit as much air as possible to the cold frames, and protect from the sun by shading. Seedlings. Every grower of the Auricula should strike out a line of his own and endeavour to produce seedlings. Some may do so simply for amuse- ment and gratification, some from motives of gain, others from a spirit of rivalry, and some from a desire for fame in wishing to have their names registered as raisers of new varieties — all most commendable in their way; but the primary object of the enthusiastic cultivator should be not to rest content with the Auricula world as he found it, but take care on leaving it to add better flowers than provided by his predecessors. The first step in raising seedlings is to select strong vigorous young plants as seed bearers. The pips are prepared for seed- lings by taking away from the flowers, at the earliest possible stage, the anthers of each pip, and exposing the pistil ready to receive the THE GARDEN. [July 2",. 1904. pollen, which is conveyed by a caniel's-hair pencil from the variety selected for cross- fertilisatioD. A green edge should, of course, be crossed with another green edge, and the same with grey, white, and selfs. ISome advo- cate saving the seed as soon as ripe in July, others wait till the early spring, at the end of January or February. Whichever plan is adopted every care must be taken to prevent growth of moss, which will prevent the young seedlings coming through and cause great disappointment. As a prevention of this evil a solution of lime water should be used, made by fresh unslaked lime and water. As the water will not take up the lime in quantity injurious to plant life, it is not possible to make it too strong. Fill a 4i-ineh or 4-inch pot with the soil ordinarily used for potting a collection of Auriculas. Add an inch or so more finely sifted for the seed-bed. After levelling and pressing down give a watering of the lime water above mentioned before sowing. Sow the seed evenly and thinly, and cover slightly with fine soil. Place in a well-shaded cold frame, cover each pot with a piece of glass, and water carefully when required. As soon as the young seedlings show their rough leaves prick off round the edge of small pots, and again as soon as the small seedlings touch, work up each seedling into a 3-inch pot, and shift again into larger pots as the growth progresses. For the general collection, keep a sharp look- out against a small maggot which draws together with a slight cobweb the inner leaves and punctures the heart of the plant, and leads to destruction unless destroyed. Wage con- stant warfare against the aphis or green fly by fumigating whenever neces.sary with XL All vaporising liquid. W. Smith. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS. HARDY FLOWERS FOR CUTTING. THE note in a recent issue as to the hardy flowers available for cutting from the middle until the end of May suggests a weeklj' continuation of the same, be- cause I believe there are many gardeners who would be only too glad to welcome a goodly supply of outdoor flowers at all seasons of the 3'ear when it is possible to secure them. Aquilegias are at their best, and are among the flowers that may be cut with little regret for their loss. They are short-lived on the border, but stand very well in water. Pyrethrums are also at their best, and old-established clumps are furnishing a very fine display. Flowers from this source can be cut to any length up to 3 feet, and the recent rains have so well started the plants that back blooms are forming on man3' of the stems. German Irises are available in varietj' nearly 3 feet long, or for smaller vases the top blooms can be taken off, and the first flowers of the Spanish section were cut on June 1. On the same date the first flowers of the Iceland Poppies were ready from seed sown in February. It is worth noting in connexion with these that the seedlings are decidedly earlier than old plants remaining on borders from last year. Very good sprays of Lily of the Valley are still forthcoming from a northwest border, a site that also gives us late Spanish Irises and many other flowers equally useful. Koses on walls are at their best, and heavy cuttings are made of the old Gloire de Dijon, Safrano, Waltham Climber, and Homere. So far as material for large vases in the shape of flowering shrubs is concerned, there is no season of the year when there is a greater wealth of bloom than early in June, for, besides Rhododendrons and Azaleas, most of the deciduous flowering shrubs are now at their best. I do not think the great merit of the newer varieties of these are sufficiently recogni.sed. Such things, for instance, as the large- flowered form of Philadelphus and the new Weigelas are very fine. Also in evergreens a good word must be added for Choisya ternata, one of the loveliest shrubs in cultivation and a charming button-hole flower. I do not know how it will do on cold stiff land, but, given light warm soil, it should always have a place against a wall or in some sheltered corner. E. B- C DIANTHUS ATKINSONL This is one of the most brilliantly coloured of all the family, and very striking in the border or in pots in the early summer months. There is always some difficulty in securing compact bushes, as, owing to its profuse flowering, cuttings are not very freely produced. For this reason it is well to reserve a few plants for stock, not allowing them to flower. Where the plant has already flowered cut away the spikes forthwith, that cuttings may be secured as early as possible. PRIMULA SIKKIMENSIS. When well grown this is one of the best of the genus, particularly of those coming in the summer months. It is essentially a moisture-loving species, and one also that, so far as gardeners are concerned, should be treated as though it were a biennial. The plant maj' also be grown in shady beds, where the soil is ever moist and cool, even if not wet. With plenty of moisture the plant becomes vigorous and produces a fine umbel of drooping yellow blossoms on stems 2 feet high. A group of two or three dozen plants is very pleading in flower in the middle of June. CAMPANULA PERSICIFOLIA CORONATA ALBA. This useful border perennial is now very showy, the larger tufts producing several spikes of pure white blossoms. These latter are more attractive than those of the ordinarj' white form, because of the cup-and-saucer-like arrangement of the flowers. All the white forms of this group are especially good for the border or for cutting, and are always neat and attractive in habit. The large-flowered form C. p. a. grandiflora is particularly effective in a large group and most serviceable in pots. All the kinds are easily increased and well repay good cultivation. THE ROSE GARDEN. TWO YELLOW HYBRID TEAS. HITHERTO some of the best golden- yellow Roses, both in the Teas and also the Hj'brid Teas, have been sadly wanting in vigour. One especially grand variety was Souvenir de Mme. ■Levet, but, unfortunately, it is tender. I should say a fortune awaits the raiser who can produce a Rose of this colour with the growth, size, and freedom of Caroline Testout. The two varieties I desire specially to direct atten- tion to in this note are Friedrich Harms and Franz Deegen. The former is of a colour much resembling Souvenir de Mme. Levet and Goldquelle, but it is apparently of a more robust constitution than either. I do not say it is so vigorous as one could desire, but it is an advance in the right direction. Franz Deegen I have not yet seen outdoors. Under glass it is much valued by florists ; the pale yellow colour, with a deep golden-yellow centre, make it most useful for cutting. P. ROSE GARDENIA. Although one of the first of the hybrids obtained from R. wichuraiana, this beautiful variety is still one of the best. Just now upon a four year old plant there are some 300 or 400 buds, which, when developed, will be quite as large and of a similar tint of canary j'ellow to the Tea Rose Mme. Chedane <_Uiinoisseau. These Roses require a deep root-run of good loam, and should be given a few tree- slumps to scramble over. They are full of healthy vigour, the buds being set off by glistening leaves. A variety which resembles Gardenia is Alberio Barbier, but the buds are of a paler tint and the expanded flowers nearly white. No one should miss an opportunity of adding both these to their collection, and, if they have a few spare Briar stocks, insert a few buds on these with the tallest stems. They make perfect weeping trees, and are fitting companions to Dorothy Perkins, Euphrosyne, Aglaia, and such like. P. ROSES AT KEW GARDENS. About the end of June and early in July Rose growers would be well repaid by a journey to these famous gardens. Here one may see the various types used in the best ways. For instance, that charming, if somewhat too fleeting. Rose Carmine Pillar is in perfection in the dell garden, making a mass of its brilliant blossoms, with a background of tall Pines. Hard by is a belt of the Dawson Rose in its tender pink and profuse bloom. These, of course, will be over by the time named, but an inspection of the bank of Crimson Rambler and Flora would alone be worth a visit early this month. A special feature at Kew are the beds of such Roses as Una, Eleclra, Morletti, Royal Scarlet, and Mrs. Anthony Waterer. No one can form any idea of their beaut}'. This liberal massing of one kind could only be employed in large gaidens or public parks, but the effect produced should not be allowed to pass unnoticed by all who can see them. Doubtless a modification of this bold bedding could be arrived at by a judicious mingling of sorts that are similar in growth and that would flower almost simultaneously. But the main point to aim at is perfect and unrestricted freedom for the growth. Nature here is almost entirely triumphant. The plants are planted, and after this, bejond cutting out old wood, they are allowed to grow as they like, with the result that we find perfect sheaves of blossom. What a fine Rose Una is for this bold bedding, and I might suggest an edging of Royal Scarlet. Morletti was magnificent at the time of my visit. It is the only Boursault worth growing with the exception of Calypso, which I have only seen at Kew. It is a fine large flower of a paler tint than Morletti. Apparently we should call the latter Mme. Sancy de Parabere if priority of naming counts for anything. To obtam the best effects from this massing the Roses should flower some- what at the same time, and before planting time I propose to arrange a list as a guide. The gravel walk by the rock garden has some fine arches of Roses spanning it. These arches are some 12 feet high, 14 feet wide, and about 20 feet apart. A very wise arrangement is the mingling of Clematis montana. Honeysuckles, &c. , to run up with the Roses. This provides a denser clothing of the iron supports, which, by the way, consist mainly of gas piping. Personally, I do not care for iron of any description as a Rose support, but apparently the authorities at Kew have found it answer well. On these arches will be found some of the choicest and best for the purpose. Tea Rambler promises to be a charming addition. I was surprised not to find Dorolhj' Perkins or Waltham Rambler. Surely every garden will soon have these two lovely Roses. With the advent of perpetual- flowering ramblers, which seem close upon us, arches of this description will be an enduring feature of the garden. I thought that a few old tree-stumps could have been introduced for supporting one or two of the specially beautiful wichuraiana Roses such as Gardenia, Jersey Beauty, Alberic Barbier, and Ruby Queen. Another special feature at Kew is the pegging down system. A bed of Clio, that grand flesh- white Hybrid Perpetual, will soon be a lovely picture. Each plant had two or three long shoots pegged down, and produced some thirty to forty trusses of flower. There was no sense of crowding, but the bed was an almost even surface of growth, and the effect when this bed is in full bloom will be very beautiful. Even that rigid- growing Rose Her Majesty was treated in the same manner, and the branches were studded with buds. I do not know that I should advocate this method July 2, 1904.] THE GARDEN. with Roses of the latter type, but with such free- blooming sorts as Clio it is a great advantage to obtain a mass of bloom upon fairly dwarf growths. To obtain without pegging the same amount of blossom from Roses such as Clio we should not only need to plant closer, but also be content with rather tall bushes. P. CULTIVATION OF ALPINE PLANTS. (Continued from page lilfi.) Raising Alpines from Seed. A FEW words may be in place here about raising alpines from seed ; for constant succession is neces- sary, tlie duration of their life in L cultivation being, for many obvious reasons, which need not be dis- cussed here, far shorter than in their native home. Reproduction from seed, where seed can be obtained, ensures the healthiest and finest growth, and there is no better way of getting seed than in saving it yourself. In several cases the first hint I have had that a plant has ripened fertile seed has been the recognition of a seedling near the parent, and this experience has taught me always to look carefully for seed after the flowering of rare specimens. I need not say, therefore, that I disapprove of the practice of cutting off flower- heads as soon as they wither ; in some cases the seed-head is nearly as ornamental as the flower, but I have before said that discretion must be used even in this, as seedlings of some things are troublesome from their number. When ripe seed is gathered I recommend its being sown at once. It is then more likely to come up quickly, and as all such plants as we grow on rockeries are better sown in pans, there is seldom difficulty in keeping small seedlings through the winter. The greatest enemy we have in the process is the growth of lichen, the worst being the Marchantia or Liverwort fungus, which com- pletely chokes tender growth. A coating of finely sifted burnt earth on the surface, and a piece of flat glass laid over the pan, especially if no water is used for them unless it has been boiled, reduces this trouble to a minimum. But sowings of choice and rare seed should be carefully watched, and the fungus picked ofi' at the first appearance. Many alpines seem never to make seed in cultivation, and must be repro- duced by division or cuttings. The skill required to do this varies greatly with different subjects \ where a shoot can seldom be found more than half an inch long, as in the case of two or three hybrid alpine Pinks, the striking needs delicate manipulation. Other things grow very slowly, though not long-lived, and a constant succession from cuttings must be ensured. Some of the terrestrial Orchids, such as Bee, and Fly, and Spider, excellent subjects for rockery, we must be contented to keep as long as they choose to live, as they seem never to increase in cultivation at all, though they may flower well year after year. But there are not a few plants which refuse to be tamed, and from the time they are planted in our gardens seem always to go from bad to worse, and are never presentable in appearance for two seasons together. Of these I may instance Gentiana bavarioa and Eritrichium nanum, which I believe no skill has ever kept in cultivation without constant renewal, and which perhaps are never likely to repay the trouble of trying to keep them alive on an English rockery. In all alpine gardening there will be, even where equal skill is exerted. different degrees of success, according to the surrounding conditions ; and it must not be expected that the same soil and treatment which keep a hundred rare alpines in perfect health at Edinburgh will be equally fortunate at Kew. FEiMES FOE Alpines. This paper would not be complete without saying something about the use of frames in alpine gardening. Where the area of rockery is considerable, a cold frame should be assigned for keeping up the supply of plants for it — cuttings and seedlings — in pots. The best treatment of these plants in winter has been much discussed in gardening journals. I may say that I think all attempts to imitate natural conditions, such as snow and long rest, by unnatural means are mistakes. During warm winters mountain plants will grow, and must be allowed to grow, and to keep them unnaturally dark or dry when growing is fatal to their health. Even in severe frosts air must be given abundantly in the daytime, and the frames must not be muffled up. Stagnant air, whether damp or dry, is their worst enemy ; but if the weather is warm enough to set them growing, they may easily die for want of moisture. I will not say more than this, for experience is the best guide, and everyone thinks he can manage his frames better than his neighbour, but of the use of frames for flowering alpines in pots I must add a few words. There are certain very early-flowering alpines upon which a mixture of admiration and lamentation is bestowed at the end of every winter. Their flowers are often beautiful in a treacherous fortnight at the beginning of February, and are suddenly destroyed by a return of winter in its severest form. I may mention, amongst others, Saxifraga burseriana and sancta and their near relatives and hybrids. Primula marginata and intermedia, Androsace carnea, Chamajjasme, and Laggeri, several dwarf species of Alyssum and Iberis, and there are a good many more. Pots or pans containing these may be grouped together in an open sunny spot, and plunged in sand or coal-ashes in a rough frame made for them, so that the lights may be not more than 3 inches or 4 inches above the pots. These lights should be removed in the daytime when the weather is fine and air should be admitted, according to the temperature, at night. Such a sheet of elegant beauty, lasting, if well arranged, through February, March, and April, may be obtained in this way that I often wonder why amateurs attempt to flower early alpines in any other fashion. With me April is the earliest month in which I can expect to have anything gay on the open rockery without disappointment. I am obliged to disfigure the slopes with sheets of glass and handlights to preserve through winter at all Omphalodes Lucilias, Onosma tauricum, Androsace sarmen- tosa, and others which cannot endure winter wet, and the real pleasure of the rockery begins when the frame alpines are waning. I recom- mend those masses of covered pots in early spring to all cultivators of alpines. Alpines on Walls. I promised to speak of alpines on walls, and that shall end my say. A few years ago I was driving through Dorking, and I noticed a smooth and by no means ancient brick wall covered, above the reach of boys' hands, with Erinus alpinus. Rough stone walls I had often seen well clothed with alpines, but from that time I became aware that there is hardly any garden wall, of whatever material, of which the parts otherwise bare might not be made ornamental with flowers. I do not suggest that such things should supersede climbing Eoses and wall fruit, but how often we see bare walls on which nothing is grown at all ! The capa- bilities of rough stone walls for growing mountain plants are very great. Falls of Aubrietias and Iberis, groups of Saxifrages, and similar subjects may make many a corner gay instead of bare. Some very pretty things I grow on walls which have defied all my attempts to cultivate them elsewhere. I may specify Lychnis Lagascie, a fragile evergreen plant of shrubby growth easily multiplied by seed, which alternate snows and thaws gene- rally crush up, but in this way it continues to thrive, and is covered during early summer with crimson flowers. I have now come to the end of my subject, and only add that I have made a careful selec- tion of 1.50 or so alpine plants suited for English rockeries in a list given as an appendix, from which all coarse growers are excluded. Rock Plants Suitable for English Gardens. Acantholimon venustum Achillea toraentosa „ Clavenna; ,, arjientea ,, umbellala ,, rupeslris -Ethionemagrandiflorum and others Alyssum serpyllifolium ,, pyrenaicum Aodrosace carnea ,, Laggeri ,. lactea ,. sarmentosa ,, villosa ,, lanuginosa ,, vitaliana AnemoDe alpina ,, sulphurea ,, narcissiflora ,, vernalis Anthemis Aizoon Anthyllis montana Aphyllanthes Aquilegia pyrenaica Arenaria purpurascens ,, granditlora ,, balearica „ tetraquetra laricifolia Arabis Androsace „ Halleri Arnebta echioides Aster alpinus Aubrietia Bellis cccrulescens Calandrinia umbellata Campanula garganica ,, portenschlagiana ,, waldsteiniaiia „ Raineri ,, isophylla Cyananthus lobatus Cyclamen DiauLhus deltoides ,, alpinus ,, neglectus ,, cresius ,, sylvestris ,, viscidus ,, hybrids Draba Dryas octopetala ,, Drummondi Edraianthus dalmaticus Epilobiuui obcordatum Erinus alpinus Erodium Reichardi „ perra;um ,, macrodenum Erythrsea diffusa Fritillaria (dwarf kinds) Geranium argenteum ,, cinereum ,, subcaulescens Geum miniatum Globularia nana Gypsophila cerastoides rep- tans Haberlea rhodopensis Helianthemum Hippocrepis comosa Houstonia Hutchinsia alpina Hypericum Coris Hypericum repens ,, nummularium Iberis saxatilis „ petrffia ,, Pruiti ., tenoreana ,, rupestris, &q. Leontopodium Linaria alpina ,, anticaria ,, hepalicrefolia Linum alpinum Lithospermum Gastoui ,, petrieum ,, fruticosum Lychnis Lagascte ,, alpina Micromeria Piperella Myosotis rupicola Omphalodes Luciliie Onosraa tauricum Oxytropis Halleri, Ac. Paronychia serpyllifolia Phlox stellaria ,, amcena ,, setacea, &c. Poiygala Chamjebuxus Potentilla nitida Pratia repens Primula Auricula ,, marginata „ viscosa, &c. Ramondia Ranunculus montanus ,, hybridus „ Thora „ parnassifolius ,, pyrenjous ,, amplexicaulis „ rutfefolius ,, Seguieri „ anemouoides ,, alpestris Rubus arcticus Samolus repens Saponaria ocymoides Saxifraga burseriana „ Cotyledon ,, diapensioides ,, aretioides ,, cochlearis ,, longifolia „ maiginata „ sancta ,, oppositifolia ,, retusa. (fee. Scabiosa Parnassi Sedum Ewersi ,, putchellum ,, populifolium ,, arboreum, &c. Sempervivum (many sorts) Spiraea umbellata ,, crispifolia Thymus Serpyllum (in many varieties), &c. Tunica Saxifraga Veronica (several dwarf shrubs from New Zealand) reptans saxatilis (in variety) spicata (true) hybrida aphylla, (fee. Additional Shrubs. Cytisus Ardoini Genista pilosa Erica carnea Margyricarpus setosus Annuals. Graramanthes gentianoidea lonopsidium acanl^ Leptosiphon hybridus THE GARDEN. [July 2, 1904. I from 3,000 feet to 5,000 feet. At Kew it forms a large bush, 16 feet or 18 feet high, with a short trunk and a few strong main branches. The branches are clothed with numerous thin Broom- like shoots, which are semi-pendulous. The leaves THE Vine-leaved Abutilon (A. viti- vary from 1 inch to IJ inches in length, and are folium), with its large, cup-shaped, rarrow, with serrated margins. The flowers are lilac - blue flowers and cordate ^'ery small and white, with a lilac tinge. They leaves, which in the autumn assume are arranged m dense axillary and terminal spikes a golden tint, is hardy in Ireland | ^" '"'='i.°'' so long. The plant, both in and out of and the south of England, but ' should have protection from frost. It was introduced from Chili in 18.37. The fact of | its not being a fast grower, together with its i RHODODENDROISrS IN HYDE PARK doubtful hardiness, probably largely accounts ; c^,,t>uj,j for its restricted culture in English gardens. ! The annual display of standard Rhododendrons m The accompanying illustration shows this i Hj'de Parkfrom Mr. Anthony Waterer's extensive Abutilon at its best. The Abutilon walk at TREES AND SHRUBS. ABUTILON VITIFOLIUM. I HE Vine-leaved Abutilon (A. viti- folium), with its large, cup-shaped, lilac - blue flowers and cordate leaves, which in the autumn assume Bower, has a very distinct appearance, and is worth extended cultivation. W. Dallimore. nursery at Knap Hill is this 3'ear a very beautiful ^r~r;,""" , ^1 t-> i- -j cat one. It was at one time thought that these shrubs Chaddlewood, the Devonshire residence ot Mr. ^^^^^ o„iy thrive in peat soil, and from a cultural G. Soltau-Synions, is 200 yards long, and there • - ■ ■ are over 200 plants, which are from 6 feet to point of view it may be well to put on record the fact that experience has shown otherwise, for it is 1.5 feet in height. When in full bloom they ' now found that Rhododendrons and other American are a beautiful sight. Mr. Soltau-Symons says : plants succeed in almost any soil that does not con- that he has had Abutilon s in the garden for a great many years, and he has never lost any from frost or snow. fine shape ; Fastuosum flore-pleno bears immense trusses of double flowers, which are a beautiful mauve. That fine old sort Lady Eleanor Cathcart, pale rose, spotted chocolate, was well represented ; so, loo, were Michael Waterer, crimson, spotted, fine ; Mrs. John Walter, light centre, edged pink ; Kate Waterer, rose, yellow centre, very showy ; Mrs Charles Leaf, rose, light centre, beautiful and distinct. Quo. CEANOTHUS DIVARICATUS. Blue - flowered shrubs are not plenti- ful in gardens, and of the few that exist most are included in the genus Ceanolh us. Unfortunately, most species of Ceanothus are rather tender, and to have them at their best in the neighbourhood ot London they must be planted against a wall, and even then in very severe winters they are badly cut. Of the hardier sorts C. divaricalus makes by far the largest plant. In ihe open ground at Kew a bush 18 feet or so high, with the same diameter, is now — mid -.June — in full flower and makes a distinct feature among other shrubs. It is a Californian plant, furnished with a large head of twiggy branches clothed with dark evergreen glossy leaves, which are oval in shape and li inches long. The flowers are small and blue, and arranged in dense axillary clusters. The blossoming period extends from the end of May until the end of .Tune. When planting it is not advisable to give very lich soil, or strong rank wood will be formed, which is liable to injury from frost. Cuttings of half-ripe shoots root readily during summer if kept in a close case. W. D. DIOSTEA JUNCEA. This is a curious and rare hardy shrub, closely related to the scented Verbena {Lippia citriodora), Lippia being, in fact, one of its numerous synonyms. At Kew there are two large specimens growing in a shrubbery near the Filmy Fern A WALK OF ABOTILUN VITIFOLIUM IN THE GARDEN OF MR. SOLTAH-SYMONS, CHADDLEWOOD, tain lime or chalk. In many sandy loams they erow with as much vigour and luxuriance as they do in peat. They may be grown in almost any loamy soil, with a generous mixture of leaf-mould or any fibrous m.aterial, such as the parings of pisture land. An important point to consider in their suc- cessful cultivation is the removal of the seed pods directly the flowers have fallen. It may prove of practical service to lovers of these plants briefly to note some of the best varieties planted by Mr. Anthony Waterer : Francis B. Hayes, white, black spots ; Mrs. Thomas Longman, fine rose-crimson ; W. E. Gladstone, pink, fine truss ; an excellent free blooming sort is everestianum, rosy-lilac, spotted and fringed ; whilst distinct and very showy is picturatum, cream, with a chocolate blotch ; The Queen, blush, changing to white, fine shape. No collection of hardy Rhododendrons should be without Mrs. R. S. Holford, bright reddish salmon, very large truss ; Sappho, white house, and these two have been smothered in ' blotched with marone ; Princess Mary ot Cam flowers for the last fortnight, and now (June 17)! bridge, light blush, deeper edging; Duchess of they look as if they will remain in good condition 1 Connaught, white, yellow spots, very showy ; J. for at least another ten days. It is found wild in 1 Marshall Brooks, rich scarlet, spotted bronze, dis- the Chilian and Argentine Andes at an elevation of I tinct ; album elegans, blush, changing to white. CALYCANTHUS FLORIDUS. (Carolina Allspice.) I HAVE never seen this plant flower so profusely or for so long a time as it has done this year, and though it is not so showy as some of our flowering shrubs, yet it deserves a place in the garden for its aromatic scent and the brilliant golden tint of the leaves in autumn. When fully grown it makes a large spreading bush, 8 feet to 10 feet high, and of about the same diameter. The branches are of a dull brown colour, the secondary branches growing nearly or quite at right angles to the main ones, giving the plant a curiously angular appearance in the winter, after the fall of the leaves. The flowers are borne singly from nearly every node of the previous jear's wood, and consist of three whorls of strap- shaped fleshy petals of a reddish brown colour. They appear throughout June, and are not verj' showy, but have a strong scent some- what resembling that of Magnolia fuscata or Kalosanlhes coc- cinea. The scent is most noticeable when the sun is shining, and is more pleasant at a few yards' distance than it is close at hand. The leaves are 2 inches to 3 inches long, broadly ovate, entire, pubescent beneath, and covered with short, prickly hairs on tlie upper surface. They turn to a bright golden- yellow colour in the autumn. One curious point about this plant is the fact that, while the living wood when bruised has very little scent, the dead wood has a spicy, fragrant and very pleasant smell when crushed in the fingers. The plant is a native of the South United States, and can be grown in any garden soil provided it is not too stiff. It is easily propagated by layers. Bnr/shot, Surrey. J. Clare. COLOURED PLATE. PLATE 1264. A GROUP OF IRISES. HOWN in the accompanying plate are four Irises, two of them wild Irises, the other two hybrids or crosses of man's making, all belonging to what is known as the .luno section of the genus. All the members of this section are bulbous, but they difter from other bulbous Irises, such as the Spanish Iris (I. Xiphion), in having "store" roots persistent after flowering, S' July 2, 1904.] THE GARDEN. 9 in having several coats to the bulb instead of purple form of I. persica seems to me quite as a few, and in bearing often more flowers than j much (or as little) worthy of a specific name two, and in the foliage being, as a rule, broad, ! as several other Irises of the persica group, not linear. I think myself that it is a mistake such as I. Heldreiohii and others, to treat both these sections of bulbous Irises, j This persica cross or hybrid is a charming taken together as a separate genus, under the \ flower, the peculiar greenish white and almost name Xiphion, as is done by some ; this will ' black blue-purple of the typical I. persica being be found on experience to lead to trouble. It overcome by the red-purple of the other parent, is better in my opinion to treat both sections It is free flowering, early flowering, and, though as belongingto the genus Iris, and to call one not absolutely robust, is more enduring than section the Xiphion section, and the other, the most forms of the persica group, one with which I am dealing now, the Juno /. sind-pers is a cross between two plants, section. The two natural wild Irises shown which, though both belonging to the Juno in the plate are /. tuber- geniana and /. willmot- tiana both introduced from the central parts of Asia by Messrs. Tubergen. Both are very closely allied to /. caucasica, and, indeed, it is only by minor cha- racters, such as points in the form of the outer petals, &c., that they can be distinguished from it. Some systematists might insist that they are only varieties of that species, but to the gardener they are quite distinct plants. Both, like I. caucasica, are dwarf plants, with at most a short stem, and in this differ clearly from the allied group of I. orchioides. I. tubergeniana is yellow in colour, and I. willmottiana is blue, or, rather, white flaked and splashed with blue. Both flower earlier than I. cau- casica ; but this, though it may seem to the gardener at first sight an advantage, is really, so far as the reputation of the flowers themselves is concerned, a disadvantage. When they bloom out of doors, in the dull windy days of March, their delicate beauty is spoilt. I did not recognise what a delicately charming plant is I. willmottiana until I grew it in the calm repose of a cold green- house. /. sind-pers and /. purp- pers are both crosses, due to the skill and care of Messrs. Tubergen. These names, of course, are very odious, but they are useful in telling at once the parentage. It is a pity that in this world the useful and the beautiful are so often disjoined. /. jyurp-jjers is a cross obtained by fertilising ■with the pollen of the typical I. persica the plant known as I. persica var. purpurea. I believe this to be tne case, but I cannot lay my hands on my notes. Perhaps the typical I. persica was pollinated with the purple plant, in which case the name should be I. pers-purp. Purists would I suppose call this plant a cross, not a true hybrid, the latter term being confined to the result of mixing true species. This does not weigh very heavily on my mind, since this than that of the mother, which it resembles in its blue colour, though the pollen of the I. persica has made itself felt in the orange crest and in some other points. The great feature of the plant is its robust character and its splendid flowering powers. It opens at the same time, or even before the pollen plant, and some considerable time before its other parent ; and even a few bulbs planted together produce a mass of beautiful blue sheen, which rejoices the eye and makes one believe that winter is really over, even when one has to wrap up in a thick coat in order to go out and look at it. It is to my mind one of the greatest treasures in the early spring garden. M. FOSTEE. Ninewells, Shelford. ORCHIDS. yuEKJS A' Royal Society L.ELIA PURPURATA QUEEN ALEXANDRA. LTHOUGH this lovely new Orchid was not put before the Orchid com- mittee of the Horticultural at the Temple show for certificate, it is none the less worthy of special notice. It was in the group shown by Messrs. William Bull and Sons, Chelsea, and met with universal appreciation. The sepal.s, petals, and lip are pure white, and the throat yellow, an associa- tion that invariably goes to make a beautiful flower. It is the only white variety of Lwlia purpurata that has yet flowered in this country, although thousands of the type are imported annually. THE L.ELIA PUKPUKATA VAR. A beautiful fiowcr QDEEN ALEXA^"DRA. with white scjmls, petals, and lip, and yellow throat, and Sojis at the Temple shoic. (lieduced one-half.) own by Messrs. group, are somewhat far apart within the group. I. sindjarensis, which bore the ovule, is an early-flowering Juno, with several fairly large more or less light blue flowers borne on a stem 1 foot or so in height. The well-known I. persica which supplied the pollen bears a single sessile flower. The result is inter- mediate between the two. The bulb bears three or even four flowers, but these are sessile, or nearly so. The flower is large, even larger WORK FOR WEEK. DIACRI0M BICORNDTUM (SYN. EpIDENDRUM BICORNDTUM). This is perhaps the beet of the Epidendrums, and now its needs are being better known it should become more popular. The flowering season is now passed, growth will soon be active, and the necessary potting should be accomplished forthwith, using a compost of two parts fibrous peat, two parts sphagnum, and one part leaf- soil, with a liberal sprinkling of coarse sand and small crocks. Rhizomes provide a splendid drainage, filling the receptacles to the depth of one-half. I give preference to ordinary pots for their culture. Plants with many old pseudo- bulbs attached should be radically treated if the life of the plant is to be prolonged and good results attained. When the new growths from the leading bulbs are about 1 inch high the latter should be cut awaj', retaining as many as possible of the roots attached. Pot each severed piece up separately ; the parent plant need not be disturbed till new growth is in evidence. I consider this treatment necessary with Williavt Stdl 10 THE GARDEN. fJuLY 2, 1904. any plants that have more than four pseudo-bulbs. It greatly increases the stock, and instead of the plants deteriorating we find increased vigour, even after being allowed to flower and carry seed pods. A warm and shady corner in the stove Orchid house should be given, and when in active growth copious supplies of water are needful. At no season do the plants require a dry treatment ; frequent overhead spraying are beneficial during the bright parts of the year. From one old plant in 1901 we now have eleven fine healthy pieces that give flowers of good quality, and I question if this treatment had not been given whether by this time we should have had a plant at all. When Orchids have got the reputation of always dying after being in this country a few years, it would be well to experiment and find out a new way of killing them, then perhaps we might find, if only by accident, the treatment they require when grown under our artificial condilions. COCHLIODA NOEZLIANA. This beautiful species is perhaps one of the most talked of Orchids at the present moment, now it has been proved to be a most valuable parent in hybridising, and it will without doubt be in great demand. Its culture is simple, and it is well worth growing. Many plants are now in flower with us, and others are growing freely and in a proper condition to be potted should they require it. Potting is best done when the new growths are well started, taking no notice of the time of year. A suitable compost consists of two parts fibrous peat, two parts sphagnum, and one part leaf-soil mixed together, with a good sprinkling of coarse sand and small crocks. Pot lightly, keeping the compost low enough to allow of a top-dressing of sphagnum. Ordinary pots with three holes for suspending are the most suitable receptacles, half-filling them with rhizomes. The roots have a very great liking for this mode of drainage, so in using pots more can be given than when the old- time shallow pans were used. Suspend them from the roof of the Odontoglossum house, spraying them freely overhead on bright days. Those newly potted will not require much direct watering for some time, providing they are well sprayed. Established, well-rooted plants that are growing freely, or those in flower or about to flower, will take copious supplies of water at this season. W. P. Bound. OcUton Parle Oxrden.':, Reigate. THE INDOOR GARDEN. BA.SKETS OF PLANTS IN THE CONSERVATORY. A FEW well-furnished baskets suspended in the conservatory alvvaj's produce a pleasing effect, and if the house is large and lofty the baskets should be of pro- ^ portionate size. Strongly made wire baskets are the most suitable, and if plainly and neatly made they will answer every purpose without any superfluous ornamental work. Though certain plantsarebetleradapted for this work than others, the list of those commonly empoyled might be considerably extended. A well-grown plant of Plumbago capensis has a pleasing effect when the branches are trained over the sides of the basket so as to completely envelop it, and if the plants are well furnished with branches before they are placed in position, the covering up of the wire- work may be effected at once. For filling large baskets several plants can be used in each to make an immediate effect. The while variety is nice for a change. For summer flowering the Achimenes in variety has a pretty effect, but a considerable number of bulbs will be required to fill a large basket. It is best to start the plants in pans in heat, and when they are 2 inches or 3 inches high place them in the basket in such a manner that not only the top, but the sides and bottom also may be furnished. The baskets, of course, will be lined with moss, and the bottom will be furnished with plants before much soil has been placed in the baskets, the sides being filled in and the basket filled with soil concurrently. After the baskets are filled, if they could be suspended in a house rather warmer than the conservatory for a few weeks, the plant will do better. Trop;eolum Bill of Fire is the best of this family for basket-work, and healthy young plants, several being used in each basket, soon become effective, and are of a lasting cha- racter. In a light house they will continue in good condition, with a little pinching and tying, all winter. Harrison's Musk I have found very useful in summer, and there are few yellow flowering plants in proportion to other colours. I have tried Thunbergia alata ; it is a rather pretty creeper, and when strong plants are used so as to cover the basket at once it is not without merit. The only brawback is its liability to the attacks of red spider. I think the great charm of these baskets is to have somewhat frequent changes. When the baskets, filled with the same varieties of plants are constantly occupying the same positions they become monotonous. Cobfea scandens variegata has a charming effect suspended in a lofty house. I have used it in conjunction with Fuchsias and tuberous Begonias, the Cob;«i forming the drapery. The Wax, or Honey Plant as it is sometimes termed (Hoya carnosa), is very pretty in a basket when well done. Of course, large-sized specimens must be used to give immediate effect, and this remark applies to nearly all basket plants. A very pretty effect may be made by planting Ivy-leaved Geraniums, two distinct colours, Mnie. Crousse, soft rose, and Joan of Arc, double white ; the former should be planted round the sides and trained over, and the double white used to form a sub- stantial group in the centre. Petunias are nice for a change. I like the singles best for basket-work, and give the preference to those having striped or blotched flowers as furnishing more variety, though this is a matter of taste, and those having fancies may freely indulge them. Lophospernium scandens is a very pretty creeping plant for draping a large basket, its long drooping shoots when well furnished with blossoms producing a very pleasing effect. This is commonly treated as an annual, but it need not necessarily be so, as under glass it has a peren- nial character. To obtain early plants, an old specimen may be kept through the winter to yield cuttings in spring, which for basket-work I have found better than seedlings. For early spring per- haps one of the prettiest plants for a basket or a series of baskets is the Cape Cowslip, or Lichenalia. The baskets need not be replanted annually. The best time to plant is when the growth is about an inch long, so as to reach through the moss with which the bottom and sides of the basket are lined. To furnish a basket well a considerable number of bulbs will be required, but when once a stock has been got together they will be a joy for ever, as no plants are more easily managed. After flowering, the baskets of bulbs may be placed in a corner some- where till the growth has ripened and then be transferred to the open air, as the passing showers will tend to keep the bulbs fresh — absolute dryness for a long period being, I think, injurious. Epi- phyllums of various shades of colour are very effective basket plants for a warm conservatory in winter and early spring. To obtain a good bloom water should be withheld for a time after the growth is completed. An amateur friend the other day complained of his plants not blooming well, and on enquiry I found pretty well the same system of watering had been kept up all the year round, and consequently the growth did not ripen, and so flower-buds did not form. They flower best when starved just a little in the matter of potting. When a basket is well furnished nothing is required in the way of renewal for several years, but just before She flowers begin to open a little stimulant may with advantage be given in the water for a change. The creeping growth used for clothing the sides and bottom of the baskets may be selected to torm a contrast with the plants used to fill in the centre. Sedum carneum variegatum is very pretty. For draping baskets of purple Achimenes, &c. , Tradescantia zebrina and T. vittata are useful. Panicum variegatum is very nice for summer work, but requires a warm house to keep it effective in winter. The same may be said of Cissus discolor, which must be taken back to the stove when the nights get cold. Tea Roses are not commonly grown in baskets, but they will succeed very well if the soil is pressed firmly about their roots, and with some of the growth tied over the sides of the basket the effect is very good. E. H. CORRESPONDENCE. CThe Editor is not responsible for the opinions expressed by correspondents. ) DAISIES. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] SIR, — A note (page 404) concerning the uncommon occurrence, in a wild state, of the proliferous Daisy is interesting, and is fully borne out by those who keep a look out for such variation from normal types. Daisies revel in retentive soils, and where this peculiar variety is most likely to be found and where it has been noticed to occur is in rich pasture land. Of the garden Daisies the proliferous variety, the Hen and Chickens, is the only contrary member that has to be dealt with, for it is often difficult to get it well bloomed with flowers radiating from the parent head in the pro- fusion and with the neatness shown in illustrations. It is, however, sometimes seen in fine condition, especially in good soils and damp situations. When it does indifferently a large proportion of the " chickens " do not leave the " wings," so to speak, of the " mother," and then the plant has little to recommend it in a garden. Bellis perennis prolifera has usually pink flowers, but there are rare varieties that depart from this colouring. The pretty Aucuba- leaved Daisy is seldom found outside gardens. One solitary tuft was noticed in the grass last spring not far from Edinburgh, and its surround- ings did not point to the possibility of its having strayed from a garden. Sometimes the wild Daisy is destitute of ray florets, but this condition is not nearly so common with this plant as with the May- weed (Matricaria inodora). Among other variations met with the entirely red or pink-rayed Daisies are elegant and uncommon in a wild state. Of these single Daisies there are many varieties. Some are grown here, and massed together they produce a pretty effect. It is one with deep red petals that is known as the Alpine Dais}', and a similar variety is catalogued nowadays by several firms as Bellis sylvestris. The true Bellis sylvestris is blue- flowered — an enlarged form of our Daisy with minor alterations. I noticed it in the garden turf at Rome and elsewhere, its flower stems rising to nearly twice the height of those of Bellis perennis. It is a Southern European plant. Bellis annua is another southern plant, smaller than the common Daisy, but similar in appearance. Among the garden double Daisies there is now a fair variety of colouring. New whites are hardly wanted, but pleasant shades of pink and reds are always welcome. An attractive deep coloured Dais}' is Dresden China, although its flowers are small ; while Alice, raised by the Misses Hopkins at Knuts- ford, is a good example of a pink quilled. One of the great charms of Daisies is their natural way of rising here and there among the blades of grass. Sheets of Daisied turf are attractive in the wilder portions of the garden, however undesirable they may be for the lawn. The single and double garden Daisies look delightful when naturalised in the same way as their wild congener. Open grassy spaces in pleasure grounds, where the grass is kept fairly short, are suitable spots in which to sow seeds of these coloured varieties. One of the best ways is to sow the ground with a mixture of grass and double Daisy seed, as this preventsany crushing out of the garden Daisies ere they start to take good hold. Many composites are liable to be looked upon as Daisies. Of course the blue Daisy is a true Daisy, but there is little of it blue. Its name is Bellis rotundifolia var. cterulescens ; its home, Algeria. Like other southern Daisies, it sometimes disappears during our winters, as do the tiny Bellums that do best on sunny slopes of the rock garden. They possess no particular merit. The alpine Daisies of some are found in Aster alpinus July 2, 1904.] THE GARDEN. 11 and its varieties, while the genus Erigeron contains several Daisy-like Sowers. Such are Erigeron hyssopifolius and others, while Vittadenia australis is the pretty Australian Daisy. Edinburgh. 1). S. Fish. THE NEWER PEACHES. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — As pointed out, in your issue of the 18th ult., it is a matter for wonder why the newer sorts of Peaches raised and distributed by Messrs. Kivers are so slow in becoming popular and more freely planted. Their Early Rivers' and Cardinal Nec- tarines have now become established everywhere. Their introduction marked such a gain in time that no one can wonder how eager was the desire to plant, and I cannot but think that if the merits of the newer Peaches were brought more prominently forward they would enjoy a wider patronage. Peach culture is conducted so much under glass, conducing to a limit rather than an extension of purchase, because, once established, they continue for so long a period in a profitable state. The American sorts, Waterloo and Alexander, have lost much of their former prestige through a proneness to drop the buds when only gently forced. Their loss is not so much felt, because Amsden June, a Peach similar in size, colour, and quality, is so much more dependable. If Duchess of York supersedes this in all-round quality, then certainly growers should be made fully acquainted with its merits, for the early Peach is distinctly a much desired fruit. Naturally the higher price reasonably expected for a new fruit would be a cause of waiting, but remembering the absurd prices paid for the newer Potatoes now in fashion there ought not to be any hesitation in paying a price for what will ultimately prove a better thing. The recognition paid them by the Royal Horticultural .Society should be ample evidence of their worth, but, as " A. H. P." says, new Peaches appear to be much neglected. Messrs. Rivers stand almost alone in the effort to effect improvement in Peaches and Nectarines. There are, it must be admitted, many among standard varieties of both fruits that owe their origin to the skill and enterprise of Messrs. Rivers, fruits that it would seem almost impossible to supersede in their varied qualities. Are not the trade somewhat at fault in that these new Peaches find so few patrons? One may peruse many fruit catalogues without finding them by name, and it cannot be denied that a reminder at the right moment makes all the difference in the possible selection, and especially in the case of new or unfamiliar sorts. There are so many nurserymen who stock such a limited selection of these trees that some gardeners who might plant are debarred because of the diffi- culty of procuring them. In the early and late sections the introduction of new varieties would be the most valued, because in the main crops there are so man}' really excellent varieties. A gain in earliness, size, and colour are all points to be desired, and apparently aimed at by hybridists of the day, and, as " A. H. P." says, the new Peaches are deserving of trial. W. S. EXCESS OF HAULM IN PEAS. [To THE Editor of " The Garden."] Sir, — It is an experience of some this }'ear that Peas are shorter than usual, and I note that Mr. Wythes records the fact in his notes on Peas (page 426) as affecting the dwarf varieties. My experience does not coincide. I find some sorts have grown higher. For instance, some that usually need but 2i feet stakes, this time have gone 5 feet, and would have grown still more if the leaders had not been stopped. Eclipse, Express, Gradus, Thomas Laxton, Veitch's Earliest Round, and Fidler's Early Marrow all devsloped the same trait, the only exception being found in the dwarf and excellent Pea Excelsior. This, singularly enough, maintains its catalogued height, though occupying a portion of the border where others out- grew their stakes. It is not easj' to understand these discrepancies. The moist state of the soil accounts no doubt for their upward tendency, and while there has been a fair proportion of sunny days there have been no extremes of heat to hinder growth. It may be that the soil is more fully charged with chemical food, due to the abundant rains and soil moisture dating from the early period of 1903 and continuing ever since. Whatever the cause certainly Peas give abundant promise of a large yield, at any rate where slags have been less persistent in their ravages. Peas suffer much from the damage by slugs, but when once above their reach progress was rapid. I am able to bear out what Mr. Wythes says of May Queen, both from personal experience and observation. I recently saw some wonderfully vigorous rows on the point of being ready for gathering ; these, like our own, had much exceeded their usual height limit. We find a gain in time of maturity when comparisons are made between the stock sown in pots indoors and that grown from the first outside. There is always an anxious enquiry for the first dish of Peas, which stimulates the gardener to make what advance circumstances allow with glass accommodation. Even given these cultural aids there are gardens in which Peas can be obtained quicker with simple outdoor culture alone. W. Strugnell. NURSERY GARDENS. MESSRS. V. N. GAUNTLETT, REDRUTH. A BOUT the middle of May, during a short /% visit to Cornwall, I took the oppor- / % tunity of spending a few hours at / ^ Messrs. Gauntlett's most interesting £ \_ nursery. The firm makes a speciality of hardy plants from Japan and else- where, and has imported many novelties, some of which are of high merit. In practically every good garden in the south-west plants from Messrs. Gauntlett's nursery are to be seen, but their main trade, which shows a yearly increase, is done with the midlands, where hardiness is essential. Tender things suited to Cornish gardens are also kept in stock, and, seeing that the nursery is not in a favoured part of the county and is much exposed to the wind, the healthy and vigorous appearance of these is somewhat remarkable ; but even at Redruth severe frosts are exceptional. With very few exceptions all the subjects hereafter mentioned were growing unprotected in the open ground. Of Andromedas all the known species were represented, including A. cassinfefolia, A. speciosa pulverulenta, and the tine A. (Pieris) formosa, of which the best specimen in the south-west, a splendid shrub '20 feet in height, is at Pentillie Castle. Arbutus canariensis, a very handsome tree, was in excellent health, while of Bamboos a very large collection was to be seen. Messrs. Gauntlett have been at pains to procure every known species. I was shown a large clump of Bambusa palmata that was planted out from a 6-inch pot five years ago, and now measures 23 feet through. Among the Brooms Cytisus austriacus axillaris, C. scoparius variegatus, and a dwarf form of C. albus were noticeable, while in the rock garden I saw two New Zealand Broom-like plants in good health, namely, Carmiehaelia australis and Notospartium Carmichaeli*. A very large-flowered Laburnum was C. L. Vossii. The fiercely-thorned, yellow - flowered Csesalpinia japonica, a common shrub in Cornwall ; Carpenteria californiea, also in most gardens ; Callistemon coccineum, usually wrongly entitled Metrosideros ; the queen of the Camellias, C. reticulata ; Castanopsis chrysophylla, with leaves having a golden reverse, and many Cisti, amongst which were C. alyssoides, C. salvi- folius, and C. rosmarinifolius, the latter a small bush, with white flowers three-quarters of an inch in diameter, were inspected. A fine plant of the lovely Li)y-of-the- Valley Tree (Clethra arborea), which flourishes in the open in many south-western gardens, attracted attention, as did Citharexylum reticulatum (the Fiddle Wood), of which the finest specimen that I know is in the gardens at Abbots- bury Castle ; the very rare Crossosoma californiea, Banksia quercifolia, and Crinodendron Hookeri syn. Tricuspidaria hexapetala, hung with cherry- crimson blossoms. Of Buddleias the handsome B. Colvillei, B. japonica (with pale blue flower racemes 2 feet in length), B. insignis, and B. variabilis were repre- sented, while among the Thorns Crataegus rivularis, bearing greenish while flowers in the spring and large orange berries in the autumn, was distinct. Of the Dogwoods Cornus florida was noted, and of Cotoneasters C. pannosum, as were Clerodendron foetidum, C. trichotomum, Coronilla Emerus (5 feet by 6 feet), Corokia buddleoides, and C. Cotoneaster, Desfontainea spinosa, Daphniphyllum glaucescens, Drimys Winteri, many Deutzias, among which the dwarf D. kalniiseflora and D. carminea were very pretty ; Distyllium racemosum, a hardy evergreen from Japan, bearing small scarlet flowers along its shoots ; and Disanthus cercidifolius, of the Witch Hazel family, also from Japan, whose red and orange autumnal colouring is marvellously beauti- ful, and which should be in every garden. A fine young tree of the brilliant - flowered Embothrium coccineum had been bent down and the ends of its branchlets layered, numbers of healthy layers being present. Mr. Gauntlett in- formed me that he tiad discontinued raising seed- lings, as these rarely gave satisfaction, being so apt to die off. Of El^agni 1 was shown E. Frederici, with cream-coloured leaves, having a narrow green margin ; E. lorgipes, E. macrodonta, and E. umbel- latus. Edwardsia grandiflora and E. microphylla, largely grown in Devon and Cornwall, were present, as were the handsome Elseocarpus reticulatus and Eucryphia pinnatifolia, grand in many Cornish gardens. Euphorbia Sibthorpi was in bloom, and had been in flower for two months. Enkianthus formosus, a shrub with flowers resembling an Andromeda, was said to be fine in its autumn colouring, while Euonymus fimbriatus is remark- able for the crimson tint of its young leaves, which at a little distance have the appearance of flowers, and E. alatus has curious four-sided twigs. The Canadian Mayflower (Epigaea repens) is grown in quantity. The rarely-seen Jalap Plant (Exogonum purga) is kept in stock, and about thirty species of Eucalypti are grown. The rare shrub Feijoa sellowiana was inspected, as were healthy speci- mens of the handsome JFremontia californiea, a shrub that has the unfortunate habit of sometimes dying oS' suddenly when it attains a large size. The North American Gordonia Lasianthus, which bears white flowers 4 inches across, was well repre- sented, as were Grevillea alpina, G. sulphurea, and G. rosmarinifolia. The Witch Hazel family included Hamamelis mollis, H. arborea, H. japonica, and H. zuccariniana, and among the many Hj'drangeaa were H. scandens, H. aspera, and H. radiala. Some 10,000 plants of Iris laevigata (Keempferi) are grown and show robust health in dry ground. Among the Hollies was the Himalayan Ilex dipyrena, and the pretty shrubs Illicium religiosum and I. flori- danum were well grown. The dark crimson Kalmia Pavardi was striking, and K. angustifolia in full bloom very pretty. Laurus regalis, L. camphora, and L. glandulosa, valuable for their scented leaves ; Leptospermums, pretty flowering shrubs growing to a height of 20 feet in the south-west ; and Lomatia ferruginea, a handsome Chilian shrub much like Grevillea robusta in foliage, which I have met with in some gardens, were noted, as were the Mag- nolias, which comprised M. Campbelli, M. Lennei, M. Fraseri, M. hypoleuca, M. macrophylla, M. glauca, M. parviflora, and the commoner species. Madura aurantiaca (the Osage Orange), bearing fruit 5 inches in diameter, was seen, as was a bush of Medicago arborea 5 feet high in flower ; Mit- raria coccinea, just showing its scarlet buds ; Myoporumlsetum, with leaves spotted with minute transparent dots ; M. parviflora, good plants of the New Zealand Forget-me-not (Myosotidium nobile), and under glass the rare climber Mutisia decur- rens, a plant very hard to procure. The nurseries contain a good collection of Olearias, including 0. nitida, which was in flower at the time of my visit, bearing branching racemes of white blossoms half an inch in diameter, with leaves 3 inches by 2 inches, white on the reverse, a healthy little busti of 0. insignis coming into flower. This is a very rare shrub which I have only met with in three 12 THE GARDEN. [July 2, 1904. STEM OF AN OLD APPLE TREE THREE YEARS AFTER GRAFTING private gardens, and Mr. Gauntlett told me that he was at present unable to supply it. Olearia Foster!, 0. maorodonta, 0. nummularifolia, 0. stellulata, 0. furfuracea syn. ferruginea, and O. argophylla, with Musk-scented leaves, more gene- rally known as Aster. Olea fragrantissima rubra and Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, with fragrant white flowers and Acacia-like foliage, were noteworthy. In the grounds was a fine tree of Paulownia imperialis, while of Tree Peonies there was a collection of about 10,000 and a large assortment of herbaceous varieties. Pernettyas included the Mexican P. ciliaris. Philadelphi were well repre- sented, P. Falconeri, bearing double waxy white flowers, being very uncommon. The charming Philesia buxiiolia, with Lapageria-like blossoms, was noted, as was a large 10-foot bush of Piptan- thus nepalensis in full flower. Of Pittosporums there was a representative collection ; Plagianthus Lyalli, from New Zealand ; Polygonum Cooki, far exceeding P. sachalinense in height, and attaining a stature of over 22 feet ; Pomaderris apetala, bearing white, Ceanothus-like flowers ; Pterocarya caucasica, the beautiful Poinciana Gilliesi, and Pyrus thianshanica were examined, as were the flowering Cherries, Prunus pseudo-Cerasus Manoga having large, double, pale flesh flowers turning to white, twice the size of those of Watereri, while P. sinensis rosea plena was very pretty. Rhodo- dendrons were to be seen in quantity, the new R. Gauntletti, a hybrid between R. Auckland! and R. ponticum, being very fine and in full flower. The blossoms measured nearly 5 inches across, and I counted fourteen on one truss. The colour is pale pink, changing to white. Another new inlroduction was R. nilagericura, with pale yellow flowers. Other species included R.Dalhousife, R. Nuttalli, R. Auckland!, R. Fal- coneri, R. dahuricum, R. f ragrantissimum, and numbers of seedling plants. Large specimens are kept in slock for those who require imme- diate effect. The new Azalea Omurasaki, from Japan, with double helio- trope flowers, was distinct and interesting. Rosa wichuraiana grafted on tall Briars bad a pleasing effect, and the new Rhus sinica from the Hima- Ia3'a3, Ribes speciosa, and fine plants of Romne3a Coulteri were viewed. Among Senecios were S. Greyi, S. eleagnifolia, S. rotundifolia, andS. macro- phylla ; and of the Lilacs Syringa Emodi variegata was remarkable. An enormous bush of Sola- num crispum was in full flower. Spira?as included S. coccinea, from Japan, said to be deeper in colour than Anthony Waterer. Stephanandra Tanak.-e is valuable on account of its stems turning bright crim- son in the winter, and Sterculia platanifolia, from China, for its hand- some foliage. The rare Tetranthera californica, an evergreen shrub, possesses fragrant leaves. There were large collec- tions of Veronicas and Viburnums, the former including the salmon-pink V. Gauntletti and the crimson V. Redruth, and the latter V. Awafuki, V. 8ieboldi, V. sinense, V. macrocephalum, and V. plioatum. Of Water Lilies fifty-three species and varieties are grown. The old though still uncommon Xanthoceras sorbifoliawas in evidence, and amongst conifers I noticed a seedling Abies bracteata from Southern California. S. W. F. THE FRUIT GARDEN. FRUIT CULTURE AT THE MANSE, BRACEBRIDGE, LINCOLN. IT may be said that few men can have experienced the realisation of an ideal so completely in forming and planting a garden as has the Rev. Charles C. Ellison, of Bracebridge, near Lincoln. Mr. Ellison, a near neighbour and friend of Dean Hole when he was Vicar of Caunton, became early imbued with a deep love for gardening, and he began Rose culture some forty years ago. His subsequent acquaintance with the late Dr. Hogg, Pearson of Chilwell, and Speed of Chatsworth, led to a similarly intense interest in hardy fruit culture. Mr. Ellison commenced in no half-hearted manner to prove for himself the merits of varieties of fruits and methods of culture as were advocated by both rosarians and fruit growers in the early sixties. So well thought out were his plans and so quick was he to see and prompt to seize an opportunity, and so constant his perseverance, that he lived to be complimented by Dean Hole as possessing the most beautiful little Rose garden in Eng- land, and Dr. Hogg often expressed his high appreciation of the experimental fruit garden. The Rose garden has been described as a little one, yet it contains 3,500 Rose trees, 400 of the newer varieties, particularly of the Hybrid Teas, having been recently planted. Nor is the fruit garden a large one, yet it contains 1,600 trees, mostly Apples, Pears, and Plums, though not in 250 varieties, as at the time when it was inspected by Dr. Hogg and won his high com- mendation. As a matter of fact, the area of the whole garden is small, some four acres altogether. This little manse garden is entirely uncon- ventional. It is a garden of many features and not a few surprises. Passing along the grassy paths, through avenues of fruit trees or banks of Roses, the visitor finds something to admire or discuss with his host and guide at almost every step. Like all really able men, he is always willing to listen to anyone who can give him a hint that may be helpful ; but, if you advance a theory that is at all new, be will not take it as gospel at once, but put it to the test of practice, for, whilst being acutely logical, he is a stern utilitarian. Mr. Ellison's experience in transforming an old ridge and furrow grass field of some forty years ago into the present delightful garden has on many occasions proved the truth of an expression of another great amateur gardener, who, on the occasion that the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain presided at a meeting of the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution, described gardening, in his belief, as " the most unselfish of pleasures, for it is enjoyed the most in the largest company, and, unlike some other amusements to which our race is prone, it inspires no evil passions, inflicts no pain, and causes injury to no man, either in his health, his character, or in his estate." Mr. Ellison is clearly of the same belief, for one of his observations to a garden lover is con- clusive, namely, " as no one knows better than yourself, there are a thousand pleasures in the possession of a beautiful garden, but the greatest pleasure of all is the privilege of sharing that pleasure with a host of flower- loving friends and neighbours." How many thousands of persons have en- joyed this annual feast of Roses over a series of years it would be hard to say. It is not unusual for Mr. Ellison to issue over 1,000 invitations at a time, and meetings and con- ferences of various kinds are held in the garden. Gardeners have a day to themselves, a day of real enjoyment to them. Mr. Ellison has been for many years pre.sident of the Lincoln Gardeners' Association. It is not often that one meets an amateur gardener in whom are combined the qualities of the true lover of gardening with intimate knowledge of its principles and its practice, and who cultivates not by deputy, but is a working gardener. Each tree or bush has been planted under Mr. Ellison's supervision, and the pruning and cultivation of every specimen, whether fruit tree or shrub, has been controlled by him. He has certainly helpers in the garden, men who have grown grey in his service. Advocates of the ultra - extension system of hardy fruit culture in small gardens would be horrified to see the Apple, Pear, and July 2, 1904.] THE GAEDEN. 13 Plum trees ; perfect specimens, many of them, 25 feet high and thirty or more years old, and, although planted closely together, are well furnished to the ground with fruit-bearing wood and carry abundant crops. They were delightful pictures, masses of beautiful flowers, when we saw them last spring. It would surprise many fruit-growers to find with how little ceremony Mr. Ellison cuts down a tree which does not give him satisfactory returns, and how quickly by grafting it is made to produce fruits of a sort more to be desired. We reproduce an illustration of a tree the third year after grafting, and also of one of the many avenues of fruit trees. Other objects of interest are the wall fruits, the per- golas, the beautiful dell and water garden sur- rounded with Kose.«, deciduous and evergreen trees, and planted with the choicest Water Lilies. Mr. Ellison is a lover of birds, and rather than destroy them because they give trouble when fruit is ripe bush fruits are pro- tected by a structure of iron posts and rails, covered over with wire netting, high enough for an ordinary person to stand upright in. These erections will last a lifetime with care, and as they are portable they can be moved, if neces- sary, from one part of the garden to another. It is surprising they are not in more general use. The following is a list of varieties of fruits that do best in the Manse garden and may be interesting to many : Apples.— Wshiiaer's King, Bramley's Seedling, Duchess of Oldenburg, Lane's Prince Albert, Cox's Orange Pippin, Worcester Pearmain. Gascoyne's Scarlet, Newton Wonder, and Bis- marck are very promising. Pears. — Williams' Bon Chretien, Marie Louise, Marechal de la Oour, Conference, Clapp's Favourite, and Beurr(5 de Capiaumont. Plums. — Victoria, Prince Englebert, Czar, Monarch, Jefferson, and Bleeker's Scarlet. GARDENING OF THE WEEK. KITCHEN GARDEN. Peas. A SO WING- of these should be made at once for the latest supplies. In the northern counties it is almost useless sowing Peas after this date, unless we are ^ favoured with better weather in the autumn than we have had these last few years. Peas sown on June 20 last year in this district failed to fill, and were of little use. It is not advisable to give a selection of sorts. Those that are found suitable to the district are the ones to grow. A variety named Ameer did well here last year from a sowing about the end of June. It is necessary to choose an open piece of ground for this sowing exposed to full sun. Rows of late Peas should not be sown together, but from 10 feet to 20 feet apart, to enable them to get full sun and plenty of air. The intervening spaces may be planted up with Cauliflower, Cabbage, or other crops. Some varieties fill and ripen more quickly than others, and these should be selected for this sowing. Many of the finer Marrow-fat Peas have come up rather thinly this year, and unless the ground is in good heart crops will be poor. Where ground is light and rain required a good watering should be afforded in the evenings, and then a mulching of decayed manure applied. Endive. This vegetable is often of great service in the autumn when Lettuce becomes scarce. Seeds should be sown now in shallow drills 1 foot apart. Select a shady border that has been well manured. Thin out the plants to 6 inches apart. If sown early this vegetable is liable to run to seed. A second sowing should be made in July or early August for lifting into frsimes for winter use. Mulching. A spell of dry weather seems to have set in with high, cold winds. Ground has a baked and dry appearance, and the growth of many crops is slow. In many gardens little time can be spared for watering, and mulching has to be resorted to. In very light and sandy soils it is a necessity. Beans and Peas are two crops that are greatly benefited if well mulched. Cauliflower should be carefully watched during dry weather or the crops may be lost. If possible let a thorough watering be first given, then a mulch of hotbed or Mushroom bed manure, and if these are not to be had the grass from the mowing machine may be used. This ia also useful for placing between the lines of Carrots or any crops that require plenty of moisture at the roots. Herbs. This border should be inspected, and where the growth is poor it should be noted. This is a good time to make a planting of Mint. Young growths with roots may be pulled up and set out in a prepared bed. Tarragon may also be treated in this way. Chives if not much used should be cut over frequently to ensure a supply of young growths. Herbs sown in May may be thinned out where too thick, and where failure to germinate has occurred a sowing should be made in heat. Thomas Hay. Hopetouii House Gardens, N.B. FLOWER GARDEN. The bedding out is now finished, and so far as possible the utmost neatness should prevail in all parts of the flower garden. The mowing should be kept well in hand. The flower beds should be carefully edged to keep a rigid outline, and the surface of the soil fre- quently hoed. Tuberous Begonias will be the better for a mulching. Trailing plants will re- quire to be pegged down, as by so doing the allotted space will be more quickly covered and many plants will emit roots, and so grow and flower more freelj'. Standard Fuchsias and Heliotropes must have the strongest shoots pinched to ensure an evenly balanced head. These and other tall plants should be tied securely or a sudden squall will irretrievably ruin them. Carpet Bedding will require constant attention in the shape of pinching and regulating and removing the flowers from the various Cotyle- dons (Echeverias), &c. , which are used as foliage plants. The showery weather has been very favourable for bedding plants, which are rooting quickly and becoming well established. And while watering will not entail nearly so much labour as in someseasons, it is as well to bear in mind that such plants as Begonias, Lobelia car- dinalis. Dahlias, &c., require plenty of mois- ture for their full development, and the borders along the base of the walls not only do not receive the full benefit of the showers, but also have to support sufficient vegetation to cover the wall space as well as the border itself, and should have frequent applications of water. The Rockery. This department also requires a deal of attention. The ripened foliage of many early flowering bulbs, &c., should be cleared away. Recently planted alpines, &c. , in pockets which are at all overhung by boulders or plants will require frequent waterings until they become established. Trees and Shrubs. Many deciduous trees and shrubs, with golden or variegated foliage, occasionally revert wholly and frequently in part to the original green-leaved type from which they sprang. The variegated Negundo is an illustration of the former reversion, and in such cases, for fear of causing an undesirable gap, it is often necessary to let the tree or shrub remain. But where the reversion is but slight the green branches should be rigorously suppressed. The golden Elder is also an offender in this respect. With this decorative shrub the young growths should be kept frequently pinched, and they will, as a result, assume a more brilliant colour and reta.in that colour until later in the autumn than otherwise would be the case. A. C. Bartlett. Penearrow Gardens, Bodmin. FRUIT GARDEN. Peaches and Nectarines. The early forcing of the same trees of Peaches and >fectarines year after year is a severe tax upon them. When all the fruit is cleared the house should be ventilated to the fullest extent, and if possible the roof lights should be removed. Cut fruit walk in the manse garden, braoebkidge, lincs, 14 THE GARDEN. [July 2, 1904. out all useless wood and any that has borne fruit and can be replaced bj' young shoots, endeavour to keep the foliage clean by daily syringings and occasional applications of quassia water. Do not allow the trees to become dry at the roots. Dryness at this season is often a cause of so many buds falling in the spring when the houses are closed for forcing. Give frequent applications of liquid manure to all trees that require it, and keep the laterals pinched. Houses where the fruit is ripe should be kept cool with plenty of air night and day, as by this means good colour and high flavour are secured. Go over the trees daily and gather carefully all fruits that are readj' and place in a cool airy room. Succession Houses. In these houses the fruits are now swelling fast and must be well supplied with weak liquid manure and thoroughl3' syringed twice daily with soft water. Give plenty of air and full exposure to the sun to fruits approaching ripeness, closing the house for about two hours after sj ringing on bright after- noons. Afterwards admit air by the top and front ventilators for the night. Late HotiSES. The fruit in these houses should now be well thinned, the shoots tied down, and the laterals kept pinched. The borders inside and out should he mulched with good stable manure and never allowed to become dry. Give free ventilation and syringe as for successions. Young trees should be carefully disbudded in the early stages of their growth. All gross shoots should be stopped to encourage an even flow of sap over the whole tree. Figs. As soon as the second crop of fruits is gathered from the earl}- trees thoroughly cleanse the latter and endeavour to keep the roots active by well watering and syringing the trees for some time to come. Later trees in full bearing will require liberal feeding. Tomatoes. Now is a good time to make a fresh planting of Tomatoes for autumn use. Seeds should also be sown in 'gentle heat for winter. Grow the plants in a light petition to encourage firm and moderate growth. Pinch out all laterals as they appear and plant out in a light house facing south in a moderately rich compost of loam, wood ashes, and mortar rubble, with a sprinkling of bone-meal. Winter Beauty and Frogmore Selected are two excellent varieties, and free setting for winter use. Impney Gardens, Droilwich. F. Jordan'. INDOOR GARDEN. Epacris. Pl.avts that were cut back late after flowering and were given the accommodation of a close pit to encourage them to break are now making good progress, and in order to promote a sturdy and short-jointed growth gradually increase the admission of air until they will bear complete exposure, especially at nighttime. Even those plants that have been repotted have got a good root-hold of new soil, and they also will bear with impunity the increased admission of air. The influence of a parching hot sua is not congenial to the satisfactory development of growth, so that a thin shade during the hottest part of the day should be given. Although syringing the plants once or twice daily will encourage the development of growth, it is never so firm and of such a satisfac- tory character as when it is developed with little or no sj'ringing, but with keeping their sur- roundings cool and well moistened. From the moisture they absorb during the night when the lights are off the plants will derive the greatest benefit. The greatest possible care should be exercised in watering these plants, as an over, as well as an under, supply will soon work ruin. Ericas. These require very similar treatment to the first- named, except that as thej- absorb less moisture greater care in applying water to their roots is necessary, whilst the greater density of growth and foliage demands that syringing be very lightly done. Camellias. Whether in pots or planted out, too much atten- tion to syringing cannot be given whilst growth is being made, but immediately it is completed and the flower-buds begin to form sj'ringe very lightly and only once a day ; but sprinkle water freely about the paths, stages, and surroundings of the plants generally. Never allow the soil in the pots or in the borders to approach dryness or the result will be serious, and to produce that dark green colour in the foliage give their roots an occasional dose of soot water, together with liquid made from sheep manure. RiCHARDIA .iTHIOPICA AND ELLIOTTIANA. Whilst very excellent results can be obtained by growing these plants from year to year in pots, it is certainl}' advisable occasionally to take off singly a few of the weak offsets with a portion of root attached, and these plant out in well-prepared shallow trenches, in a similar way to Celery. This will tend to keep up the general health and vigour of the stock, whilst those plants that are grown for a year or two in pots will flower well with a confined root space, and will, in conse- quence, be useful for decorative work. Do this at once, and give the plants in either case a chance of becoming established before October. Richardia elliottiana produces a grander effect when cut and put into vases, and it will last longer in good condition. The plant is easily raised from seed, and good plants that will flower may be pro- duced, with good culture, in two to three years. Fertilise one or more of the flowers and allow them to form seeds, which by October next will ripen and be ready for sowing to produce a stock of young plants. J. P. Leadbetter. SOCIETIES. READINC UNIVERSITY COLLEGE GARDENS. rxiVERSiTY College, Reading, has now become an impor- tani horticultural training centre, and on Friday uf last week inaujL'urated its very fine practical gardens. What was formerly Messrs. Sutton and S.uis' Portland Road Nursery, with other land adjuiuing kindly given by the chairman of the gsrden committee, Mr. Alfred Palmer, came into the possession of the college authorities some two years since, and a year agj they obtained the services of a thoroughly practical garJeuer in the person of Mr. Charles Foster, and also appointed a special garden committee, of which body such euiiutDE horticulturists as Messrs. Martin Juhn, Herbert and Leonard Sutton, J. Wright, V.M.H., and G. Stanton of Park Place, Henley, are members. The scientific director of the department is Mr. Frederick Keeble, M.A. Under this capable authority the gardens in every part now present an appearance that reflects the highest credit upon all concerned. The weather on the 24th ult. was very delightful when the Ear! of Onslow, President of the Board of Agriculture, supported by many visitors, attended a garden party generously arranged by Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Palmer on their lawn adjoining the gardens. Having very closely inspected the gardens, Lord Onslow declared thera open. There are at present in the department seventeen garden students of both sexes, and of this number sixteen sat and obtained certificates at the recent Royal Horticultural Society's examination. These students have no intention to enter the unduly crowded home garden labour market. Two will become market fruit growers, two go to the Colonies, four enter florist's establishments, and in other ways disperse themselves satisfactorily. The gardens have the advantage of retaining all the glass houses formerly used by Messrs. Sutton, and in these great quantities of Tomatoes in pots are capitally grown and splendidly fruited. In some are Melons and Cucumbers in various stages of growth, all flrst-rate. Also Vines, fruit trees in pots, flowers of various descriptions, especially Roses, Carnations, and Begonias ; indeed, there seems to be no useful phase of gardening wanting such as students may practice with advantage. A good quarter of tree and bush fruits has also been planted, and in the open vegetables are in really superb condition. Better Peas, Beans, Onions, Carrots, Lettuces, Cauliflowers, Potatoes, and other crops cannot be seen in the best gardens of the kingdom. All the spare produce is marketed. So great is the gardens' produce reputation locally that Reading traders readily take all that can be sold. In every department the practical work seen evidences fully the immense advantage of sound practical training over that which is merely theoretical or so-called scientific. That the visitors to the gardens on the 24th ult. doubtless fully realised. Theoretical and scientific instruction forms an important element in the students' work. That department is specially under Mr. Keeble's supervision, and is well done. Many illustrations of the nature of the scientific training given, especially in relation to insect and fungoid pests, influence of light on plant growth, the life history of plants, and other allied subjects were arranged in various houses, sheds, and tents. The weather was fairly fine during the day. Speeches of much interest to the large number of visitors assembled were made in a tent, and the aims of the collegiate gardens warmly commended. Everyone who saw the gardens must have left with the conviction that they bid fair to make a striking impression on horticultural progress. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Drill Hall Meeting. The last meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society in the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, was held on Tuesday last. After the Holland House show on the 12th and 13th inst. the meetings will be held in the New Horticultural Hall in Vincent Square. Hardy flowers made a grand display oo Tuesday, and indoor flowers. Orchids, and fruit were also well shown. The fruit committee gave awards of merit to two new Strawberries— one from Messrs. Laxton, the other from Messrs. James Veitch. In the afternoon M. Viviand Morel gave a lecture upon the " Hybridisation of Roses." Orohiu Committee. Present : Mr. Harry J. Veitch (chairman), Messrs. James OBrien. de B. Crawshay, Norman C. Cookson, H. Ballantine, Walter Cobb. James Douglas, Jeremiah Colman, J. G. Fowler, W. A. Bilney, F. A. Rehder, H. T. Pitt, A. A. McBean, F. W. Ashton, G. F. Moore, William Bolton, W. Boxall, J. Wilson Potter, H. A. Tracy, W. H. White H Little, and H. M. Pollett. Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, exhibited some well- grown plants of Ljelio-Cattl-ryas, as L. • C. Martinetl var., L.-C. Acis, L.-C. Aphrodite, L.-C. bletchleyensis, L.-C. Duchesnei, and L.-C. canhamiana var. Acineta Barkeri, Thunia micholitziana, and Dendrobium superbum, too, were well shown. Silver Flora medal. Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea, exhibited some beautiful La.'lio-Cattleyas, among them were L.-C. Aphrodite alba, L.-C. exoniensis, L.-C. wellsiana, L.-C. vesta, L.-C. Martinet!, L.-C. eximia, L.-C. canhamiana, L.-C. c. alba. Cattleya Mossioe var. Wageneri and Sobralia Veitchii, both white, the former with orange-yellow throat, and the latter with lemon-yellow throat, were two other lovely flowers in Messrs. Veitch"s group. Silver Banksian medal. A most interesting collection of Masdevaliias was exhibited by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, TringPark, Tring (gardener, Mr. Dye). Some of them were showy, while others had inconspicuous flowers, but all were most interesting. There were numerous hybrids among them. Diua venosa with rosy pink blooms was also shown from Tring Gardens. Botanical certificates were given to Cryptophtuanthua Lehraannii and Saccolabium gracile. Silver Flora medaL Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, in their group of Orchids showed Cattleya Mendelii, L.-C. canhamiana, L.-C. hippolyta, L. tenebrosa, Phah-enopsis leucorrhoda, and P. rimestadiana all well flowered. C. Mendelii had sixteen and L.-C. canhamiana seven flowers. Among others were L.-C.arnoldiana, Oncidium leucochilura, Masdevallia melan- oxantha, Lycaste Deppei, and Cattleya intermedia alba. Silver Binksian medal. M. Ch. Vuylsteke, Loochristi, Belgium, exhibited some Very fine Odontoglossums— forms of O. ardentissimum, O. hanyo-crispum (the ground colour palest green), 0. merifi- cum (white ground, heavily marked with rich chocolate-red), 0. concinnum, and 0. bellatulum. Mrs. Ernest Hills, Red Leaf Gardens, Penshurst (gardener, Mr. George Ringham), was given a silver Banksian medal for a group of finely flowered Mtltouia vexillaria. The plants were examples of the best culture. Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, W'ylam-on-Tyne (gar- dener, Mr. Chapman), exhibited Odontoglos&um crispum Britannia, a flower with broad rounded petal:*, each marked with a large blotch of purple-brown. Mr. Cookson also showed Cypripedium lo x vexillarium. Lycaste tricolor (albino form) with greenish sepals, white petals and lip, was shown by J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate, N. (gardener, Mr. Whitelegge). C. H. Felling, Esq., Southgate, N. (gardeuer, Mr. H. Stocking), exhibited Scuticaria Dodgsoni. A cut raceme of Odontoglossum corouarium was shown by J. T. Bennett-Poe, Esq., Holmwood, Cheshunt (gardener, Mr. Dr.wnes). F. Wellesley, Esq.. Westfleld, near Wokini, showed Cattleya Mossirc var., L.-C. Pallas Westfleld var., and L. boothiana x L.-C. gravesiaua. New Orchids. Catlh'ija Mossice alba Tracy's carUty. —A very beautiful flower, with pure white sepals and petals and lip and yellow throat. It is of splendid form, the petals large and wide, and the lip frilled. From Mr. H. A. Tracy, Twickenham. Award of merit. Lieliv-Catileyn dominiana Tring Park variety.— X large handsome flower, with rosy purple sepals and petals and unusually flue velvety purple lip. The throat is lighter and veined with yellow. From tbe Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Paik, Tring (gardener, Mr. Dy&). Award of merit. Fruit Committee. Present : Mr. George Bunyant (chairman), Messrs. Joseph Cheal, T. W. Bates, S. Mortimer, Alex. Dean, E. Beckett, Thomas Coomber, George Keif, H. Markham, P. C. M. Veitch, Henry Parr, J. Willard, George Wythes, H. Somera Rivers, and A H. Pearson. Mr. T. Coomber, The Hendre Gardens, Monmouth, exhi- bited thirteen very good fruits uf the Queen Pine-apple, the largest fruit having thirteen rows of pips. They were well coloured and in perfect condition. Mr. Coomber also showed excellent fruits of Royal .Sovereign, The Laxton, and Leader Strawberries. Silver-gilt Knightian medal. Messrs. Laxton Brothers, Bedford, exhibited some very fine Strawberries, which comprised several quite new varie- ties, as well as a splendid lot of The Laxton, the result of a cross between Royal Sovereign and Sir J. Paxton, a Straw- berry that is famous for its good quality and heavy cropping, Laxton s Supreme (Dr. Hogg X Monarch) and Bedford Cham- pion, the result of a cross between two seedlings derived from Scarlet Queen X John Ruskin and Noble X Sir J. Paxtoii respectively. This latter is a large, roundish fruit of good scarlet colour, and very handsome. Another variety. July 2, 1904.] THE GARDEN. 15 award of merit, and Laxton'a Reward, received described under " New Fruits. A collection of Melons was exhibited from the Horticul- tural College, Swanley. Both green and white flesh varieties were shown, but none gained an award. Fruits of the Papaw (Carica Papaya) were shown by Mr. James Epps, jun., Norfolk House, Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood. They were grown by him at Norwood. The fruits are said to have a delicious flavour. Those sent had been on the tree since October last. Cultural commendation. Strawberry Leader was well shown by Messrs. Henry Cannell and Sons, Swanley. They also sent a box of Pea K-ing Edward ; the pods were gathered from plants raised from seed sown in the open the second week in March. New Fruits. Straivberry Laxton' a Reward.— k large fruit of cock's comb shape, crimson-scarlet in colour, the result of a cross between Royal Sovereign and British Queen. The flavour, while reminding one a good deal of that of Royal Sovereign, has been improved by the influence of British Queen, and what pro- mises to be a grand garden Strawberry has resulted. From Messrs. Laxton Brothers, Bedford. Award of merit. Strawberry The Alake.—ThiB new variety is the result of a cross between Frogmore Late Pine and Veitch's Perfection. The fruits are deeply ribbed, and some are very large ; the colour is dark scarlet. From the fruiting sprays shown this is evidently a very free-bearing Strawberry. From Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea. Award of merit. Floral Comsiittee. Present : Mr. W. Marshall (chairman), Messrs. C. T. Druery, H. B. May, R. Dean, James Hudson, W. Howe, R. Hooper Pearson, J. Green, W. Bain, Amos Perry, Charles Jefferies, R. W. Wallace, Charles E. Pearson, R. C. Notcutt, William Cuthbertson, Charles E. Shea, W. P. Thomson, E. H. Jenkins, W. J. James, C. Blick, George Paul, J. W. Barr, E. T. Cook, J. Jennings, and George Gordon. The group of Streptocarpi from Lord Aldenham, Elstree (gardener, Mr. E. Beckett), numbering some 200 plants, was one of the leading features of the exhibition. The plants were, we need hardly say, splendidly grown and one mass of bloom. Some of the plants were quite specimens, and gave ample proof— if such were needed— of the value of these plants in general decoration. The group extended through- out the entire length of one table, and in the great variety embraced pink in many degrees, from the nearly or quite self colours to those with stripes in greater or lesser degree. Other shades of colour included pure white, and this with faint markings, puce, and shades of carmine and rose, varying shades of blue and violet, distinctly grouped from the royal purple or deep violet, and so on. In the more delicate shades flesh was remarked, and here again faint or pronounced lines of rose marked the throat of the blossoms. A very distinct type was a batch of white with dark violet- purple throat, which rendered the plants very conspicuous. It would be interesting, and to many instructive, to see these plants again at a later date, and thus demonstrate their greater value by profuse and continuous flowering. Silver-gilt Flora medal. Another important group was that of Crotons from Mr. H. B. May, Edmonton. Some new ones are Alexandrtc Regalis, with red stems and petioles and gold and green leaves, very graceful ; edmontoniensis, orange and crimson, highly promising as a table plant ; Unique, a variety with twisted leafage, dark green and yellow ; and Mrs. H. B. May, a most elegant kind, with slightly twisted leaves freckled with gold, and with golden midrib. Silver-gilt Banksian medal. Sweet Williams and English Irises in variety came from Messrs. Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea. In the former the Auricula-eyed strain was prominent, the trusses large, the eye pronounced and well defined. These are usually of a taller growth. In the mixed strain crimson, scarlet, salmon, and velvet crimson were all represented. The Irises, too, were a most representative lot, white, blue, violet, and other shades being freely shown. One kind named Rose Pertuosa is distinct by reason of the flakes of rose on a white ground. Silver Flora medal. Messrs. John Peed and Sons, AVest Norwood, S.E., had a small group of hardy alpine and cut herbaceous flowers, with Roses and Begonias also in the cut state. Small rock plants in boxes were also shown, the Roses and Begouias arranged on either side. A somewhat exceptional exhibit was that of early Gladiolus in pots from Messrs. R. and G. Cuthbert, Southgate, N., by whom a well-flowered group was staged. In this way the plants are much more effective and impart some idea of their garden value. Of the kinds exhibited we noted rosea macu- lata, with its very distinct blotch on the three lower segments ; Blushing Bride, with rose-carmine blotch ; Lord Grey, pink, the white tlotch margined with rose ; Insignis, rose-scarlet ; and Peach Blossom, delicate flesh. Bronze Flora medal. Mr. Charles Turner, Slough, had an interesting collection of cut Pinks. Laced and self forms were freely shown. We name Mr. Lakin, pure white ; Her Majesty, white ; Snowflake, also white ; with Aurora, Boiard, Empress of India, Maggie, Bertha, and Mrs. Dark among the laced kind. Dianthug fragrans Little Gem is a small double-flowered kind, and Ladham's Pink is the best in this colour. Pheasant Eye is a dark-eyed variety with fringed petals. Mr. M. Prichard, Christchurch, Hants, had many good things in a group of hardy cut flowers. We make mention of Astrantia carniolica, with pink sepals and large showy heads ; Pceonias and Potentillas in capital form ; Campanula Moorheimi ; Lysimachia velutina, large yellow ; LiUum Mar- tagon album ; Iris Ktempferi in variety ; I. Delavayi, a deep violet tone ; I. cuprea, a bronzy hued flower ; Rosa brunoniana, very beautiful, white and single ; Coriaria japonica, very charming ; Iris aurea, Crambe cordifolia, Day Lilies, hybrid Dianthus, Crinum capense, and others were included in this exhibit. Bronze Flora medal. Messrs. Barr and Sons, Covent Garden, had a large and *'howy group of hardy flowers, in which Pteonies, Delphiniums, and English Irises were prominent features. The Irises and Pfeonies were excellent and in much variety. Very bold and telling, too, the tall spikes of the Larkspurs, of which Thomas Tilbrook, purple, with white eye, were conspicuous. Ixias in charming array, Heucheras in plenty, with elegant plumes, Eryngiums, and Lupins were all good in this group. The arrangement, too, was excellent. Silver Banksian medal. A mixed group of plants and flowers from Messrs. W. and J. Brown, Peterborough, contained Roses, Heliotropes, zonal Pelargoniums, and the showy Verbena Miss \Villmott. Pelargonium Fire Dragon and The Countess, pink, are of the so-called Cactus type. Messrs. J. Cheal and Sons, Crawley, had an interesting group of cut sprays of shrubs and trees in company with hardy flowers. We noted Philadelphus Lemoiiiei erecta, Phlomis fruticosa, Robinia hispida, Potentilla fruticosa, with Weigelias, many forms of Oak, Hydrangea, Kalmia latifolia, very fine, Ozothamnus thyrsoides, Deutzias, and Olearia macrodonta, a very distinct species, with small Aster-like flowers, were among the best. A group of hybrid Begonias, single and double, and mostly drooping in habit, came from F. Lloyd, Esq., Coombe House, Croydon (Mr. E. Mill, gardener). Messrs. J. Laing and Sons, Forest Hill, brought a small group of Gloxinias, generally of an excellent strain, Messrs. Ladhams, Shirley, near Southampton, contributing hardy flowers in the cut state. In this latter some excellent Pinks were seen. A. W. Pearce, white ; Favourite, pink, dark base ; Rosy Gem ; B. Ladhams ; Elsie, deep rose : and Florence, white, dark base, are all good. Scabiosa caucasica Perfection and Astrantia carniolica were also noted. Palms, Crotons, Alocasias, Caladiums, Dracaanas, Mal- maiaon and other Carnations were contained in a group from Messrs. J. Laing and Sons, Forest Hill. Many Palms were in the background, and other things suited to general decoration. Silver Banksian medal. Messrs. Paul and Son, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, had a very fine lot of garden Roses. Especially good and showy were Reine Olga de Wurtemburg. a flue pillar Rose ; The Lion, crimson, single ; Mme. Perney, apricot yellow ; Macrantha, single ; L'Ideale, very charming ; Guatave Regis, with its long shapely yellowy buds and blossoms; Rosa Mundi, single, striped ; Papa Gontier, quite rich in colour ; Fran Karl Druschki, excellent ; W. A. Richardson ; Mme. Ravary, very beautiful in form and colour; Una, a most beautiful single cream ; Boule de Neige, an old double white ; and Dawn, a lovely semi-double pink, like huge saucers, were among the best in an extremely fine repre- sentative lot. Silver Flora medal. Some fine cut spikes of Delphiniums came from Messrs. G. Bunyard and Co., Maidstone, Kent, whose firm also contri- buted some capital Roses. Border and Malmaison Carnations were from ilessrs. Low and Co., Enfleld. The Delphiniums from Messrs. Kelway and Sons, Lang- port, made a rich display of colour. Bold in spike, rich and varied in the blue, violet, and azure tones that predominate, these are certainly among the best of June flowering plants. We noted Britannia, Athos, Lord Avebury, St. Paul. Sacra- mento, Norah Tuaon, light blue, white eye; Aurora, deep violet : Ceto, metallic shade ; Macaulay, azure blue, *fec. Gaillardias were also fine. Silver Banksian medal. Messrs. W. Cutbush and Son, Highgate, set up a brilliant lot of Malmaison and other Carnations. Duchess of Weat- rainater, pink ; Robert Burns, red ; Lady Hermoine, salmon ; Trojan, white, very fine ; Nell Gwynne, white Malmaison ; and Maggie Hodgson, crimson Malmaison, are some of the best. Palms and Bamboos were employed in the background. The same firm had a fine group of hardy plants. Rhododen- dron hirsutus was finely in flower, and Inula Bigelowi is a fine yellow composite valuable for its early flowering. Silver- gilt Banksian medal. A fine lot of Crotons, Aralias, Caladiums, and Palms were grouped in excellent fashion near the door, and with hand- some specimens of Draca>na russelliana a fine display was made. The group which came from Mr. Russell of Richmond had for a margin Caladium argyrttes. Silver Flora medal. Rose Zephirin Drouot, a flne pillar or climbing variety, was well shown by Mr. U^pton of the Guildford Hardy Plant Nursery. Tufted and fancy Pansies were largely exhibited by Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Rothesay. We take Meteor, yellow ; Mary Robertson, soft yellow ; Effie, white centre, with broad violet margin ; Archie Grant, rich violet ; Mrs. McPhail, rose-mauve ; Charles Jordan, blue ; Admiral of the Blues, and Dr. Macfarlane of the Magpie type are some of the best. The Pansies, too, were of exceptional merit. Quite a num- ber of Cactus Dahlias were shown, some two dozen vases being occupied by the flowers. Silver Flora medal. The hardy flowers from Mr. Amos Perry, Winchmore Hill, were very flne. Gaillardias, Potentillas, double white Rockets, Geum Heldreichi, Perry's variety of Phlox cana- densis, Gillenia trifoliata, Heucheras, Lilium pomponium, L. colchicum, L. Martagon, Phlomis russelliana. Ostrowskia raagniflca, Ixias, Morina longifolia, Gentiana lutea, Calo- chortus in variety. Campanula Mcerhami, and Iris aurea were all very flne. The hardy Water Lilies, too, were very beautiful and in great variety. Silver Flora medal. Cupid Sweet Peas in some twenty-one varieties were shown by Messrs. Cannell and Sous, Swanley, the plants having been grown in the open air. As an exhibit of these pigmy kinds it is much the best we have yet seen, and almost all shades of colour are represented in them. For example. Firefly, Beauty, flesh ; Captain of the Blues, Mauve Queen, Her Majesty, rose; Alice Eckford, flesh; Chamberlain, a striped variety ; and Primrose were some of those ;noced. Silver Banksian medal. Many flne Malmaison Carnations in a large group were from Messrs. Low and Co., Enfleld, while a large batch of Verbena Princess of Wales, a self purple kind, was staged by Messrs. Cutbush and Son, Mr. R- C. Notcutt contributed a large group of hardy cut flowers, in which the English Irises were conspicuous. Other yellow ; Phlos Penge, one of the suffruticose group ; and the large Papaver Lady Roscoe. A very interesting lot of plants from Messrs. Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea, included Jacobinia magniflca pohliana. Begonia Washington, crimson-scarlet; some flne Streptocarpi in white and blue ; Kalanchoe flamraea, Galax aphylla, and Lobelia tenuoir, all excellent. Cornus Kousa, white, is a very distinct form. Silver Flora medal. Messrs. W. Bull and Sons, Chelsea, showed English Irises in a very representative group that included the best sorts. Messrs. Benjamin R. Cant and Sons, the Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, had Roses in excellent condition and in great variety. Very conspicuous was the new pillar Rose Maha- rajah, with brilliant crimson flowers almost velvety in texture. Not only is this large and very handsome, but the flowers, which are nearly single, are produced in great quantities; some of the blossoms were nearly 5 inches across. Other sorts were Bessie Brown, Edward Mawley, Frau Karl Druschki (very fine), Mildi-ed Grant, Nance Christy (a seed- ling Hybrid Tea with flne pink flowers), the handsome Ben Cant, and many more. Silver-gilt Banksian medal. Very flne was the exhibit of hardy flowers from Messrs. Wallace of Colchester. Ixias, very beautiful and in abundant variety ; such Lilies as the white Martagon, many beautiful Irises, the ever-welcome Calochortus, Preonles, and flne Campanulas were among the more important in a capital lot. A distinct and showy Monspur Iris is Lord Wolseley, a clear well-defined blue shade predominating. Silver-gilt Banksian medal. Awards. Philadelphits Lemoinei inaculatiis. — This is not only a good addition to flowering shrubs, it is a decided break in the genus. The flowers are white with a heavy purplish stain at the base, which renders the plant very conspicuous. The flowers are produced in dense columnar spikes. A very showy and striking plant. Exhibited by Sir Trevor Law- rence, Dorking (Mr. Bain, gardener), and by Mr. M. Prichard, Christchurch, Hants. First-clasa certiflcate. Delphiniun Xormanhurst. — Avery handsome variety with metallic and azure-blue flowers, which the large white centre renders highly attractive. The individual flowers are very large, and the entire spike well tilled and handsome in the extreme. From Messrs. Kelway and Son, Langport. Award of merit. Carnation Joan. — A border variety of good size, and of a pleasing shade of soft creamy yellow. Exhibited by Sydney Morris, Esq., Wretham Hall, Thetford, Norfolk. Award of merit. Delphinium ^frti. J. Bradshaw. — A distinct type with hooded flowers, that would suggest a possible parentage with D. cashmerianum. The variety, however, is said to be a seedling from King of Delphiniums. The flowers are of good size, pale blue, and borne on extended pedicels, which gives the variety a welcome distinctness of character. From Mr. J. Bradshaw, The Grange, Southgate, N. Award of merit. Pimpinella fnagna rosca.—A. pretty variety of a very old umbelliferous plant, that will be welcome in the cut state or in the border. The flowers are of pinkish rose, small indi- vidually, and freely produced for a long period. From Mr. M. Prichard, Christchurch, Hants. Award of merit. Crnton Mrs. II. B. May.— A. neat and pretty variety, the long, linear, drooping leaves slightly twisted and freckled with gold, a distinct line of the same colour extending down the centre of each leaf. A most useful type for table decora- tion. From Mr. H. B. May. Edmonton. Award of merit. An award of merit was also granted to the strain of Cupid Sweet Peas exhibited by Messrs. Cannell and Sons, Swanley. KINGSTON DISTRICT GARDENERS' SOCIETY. The first ordinary meeting of this newly-formed Mutual Improvement Society was held in the Kingston Technical Institute on the evening of the 16th ult. Councillor T. Lyne, chairman of the Borough Education Committee and hon. sec. to the Front Flower Gardens Committee, presided. There was a good attendance of members. Mr. E. H. Jenkins, F.R.H.S., of Hampton Hill, was unanimously elected president, and Mr. F. G. Shipway, F.R.H.S., an amateur gardener of Kingston, was made vice-president. Mr. A. Dean is chairman of the committee, and Mr. J. T. Blencowe of Eastcott Gardens, Kingston Hill, secretary. Mr. Dean read a letter from Leopold de Rothschild. Esq., granting permission for the members to visit his gardens at Gunnersbury Park and House about August 11, which was gratefully acknowledged and will be largely availed of. Mr. Jenkins, who had before him a large collection of hardy flowers, kindly sent by Measrs. Barr and Sons, Long Ditton, and Measrs. W. Cutbush and Sons, Highgate, then had a pleasant chat about the various examples staged, which greatly interested his audience and enabled his profound knowledge of hardy plants to be admirably evidenced. Mr. A. Dean read a paper on "The Gardening Art," which also was listened to with much interest. The actual work of the society will commence In October next, when it is hoped that a room in the new Borough Museum may be at the disposal of the members. SCOTTISH PANSY AND VIOLA ASSOCIATION. The first monthly meeting was held in the Religious Institu- tion Rooms, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, on the 22nd ult. for the purpose of awarding certificates to such new Pansies and Violas as might be deemed worthy. There was a good attendance, and many interesting varieties passed before the committees. The awards were as follows ; — Fancy Pansies: First-class certificate to Mrs. Q. MacFadyeau, yellow edged (Dobbie and Co.). Certificates of merit to Jessie L. Arbuckle, white edged (Kay) ; Provost Thomson, bronze colour (Kay) ; Mrs. W. Sinclair, lemon edged (Dobbie and Co.); and Mary B. Wallace, yellow edged (Dobbie and Co.). Show Pansies : Certificates of merit to Provost Thomson, dark self (Kay) ; and James Stirling, primrose self (Dobbie and Co.). Violas : Certificates of merit to Eflie, an Improved Butterfly (Dobbie and Co.) ; and Criffie Smith, in the way of Dr. MacFarlane (Dobbie and Co.). The next plants of note were Crinum capensis, Cephalaria tartarica, I meeting will be held on the 13th Inst. 16 THE GARDEN. [July 2, 1904. RICHMOND HORTICULTURAL SHOW. THE thirtieth annual flower show of the Richmond Hm"cul- tural .Society was held on Wednesday last in the od Deer Park and was favoured with deliRhtful weather, toniiie- tition was keener than has been the case tor some years The groups of plants and Roses were the best feauiies. Vesetables, too, were well shown. Many special prizes were Kiven by local supporters of the society for a great variety ot exhibits. Plants. For a semi-circular group of plants, Mr. .Tames Lock, Oat- lands Lodge Gardens, Weybridge, was Hrst with a bright display, in which plants ot graceful habit were largely used second Mr. H. E. Fordham, Twickenham, with a very pretty arrangement ; third, Mr. William Vause Leamington. For a smaller group. Sir Frederick ^\lgan, Bait., East Sheen (gardener, Mr. Want), was first with a very attractive displayV second, Mr. Hicks, gardener to CM. Bartlett, Esq., East Sheen ; third, Mr. William Vause, Leamington Mi. Want took the first prize for specimen terns. Mr. W. Vause Mr W. A. Cook, and Jlr. Want were first, second and third respectively for specimen Palms. Those from Mr. Vause were ''''out^'of''dooi'rMr. L. R. Russell and Messrs. W. Fromow and Sons, Chiswick, displayed hardy shrubs. ROSKS. Forty-eight Roses, distinct, three blooms of each : First prize, with Gunnersbury Challenge Cup, Messrs. R. Harkness indCo Hitchin, with a display ot uniformly good blooms. Duchess of Albany, Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Maman Cochet, Frau Karl Druschki, Lady Fitzwilham, and jSlrs. John Laing were the best. Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, were second, and their exhibit also contained many fine blooms, Bessie Brown, White Lady, Mrs. Mawley, and Frau Karl Druschki were very good Messrs. D. Prior and Son, Colchester, were third, Mrs. W J Grant being very fine. Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Br'aiswick Nursery, Colchester, were fourth. Lady Roberts being conspicuous on their stand. There was one more Twenty-four Roses, distinct : First, Messrs. D. Prior and Sou Colchester, Frau Karl Druschki and Mildred Grant being their finest blooms ; second, Messrs. Paul and .Son, Cheshunt, with Mrs John Laing and Frau Karl Druschki as the best blooms ; third, Mr. George Mount, Canterbury. There were several other exhibitors. Twelve Roses, distinct, three blooms of each: First, Messrs B R. Cant and Sons, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, with some excellent blooms, notably of Ulrich Brunner and Mildred Grant; second, Messrs. D. Prior and Son, Col- chester ; third, Mr. George Mount, Canterbury. Twelve Hybrid Perpetual Roses (one variety) : First, Messrs. Harkness and Co., Hitchin, with very fine Mrs. John Laing- second, .Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Colchester, with good Frau Karl Druschki ; third, Messrs. D. Prior and Son, Colchester, with Mrs. John Laing. Twelve Tea Roses (one variety) : First, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Braiswick Nursery, Colchester, with White Maman Cochet ; second, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, with Mrs. E. Mawley ; third, Messrs. D. Prior and Son, with the same variety. Twenty-four Roses, distinct (amateurs) : First, Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Havering-atte-Bower— Mrs. Sharman Crawford, Marquise Litta, Maman Cochet, and Mrs. John Laing were among the best of a good lot; second, W. C. Romaine, Esq., Old Windsor (gardener, Mr. Guttridge), with Mildred Grant, Mrs. J. Wilson, and G. Harkness as the best blooms ; third, Mrs. Salem Cross, Cowley, lixbridge. Twelve Roses, distinct (amateurs) : First, Rev. J. H. Pemberton, with splendid Bessie Brown, Mildred Grant, Frau Karl Druschki, and others good ; second, G. Monies, Esq Bedford Road, Hitchin, with very good blooms of Frau Karl Druschki, White Maman Cochet, and others ; third, F. Wellesley, Esii., Westfleld, Woking (gardener,^ Mr. W. Hopkins). Twelve Roses (district exhibitors only) : First, Miss Biddulph, Petersham (gardener, Mr. A. Dean) ; second, Mr. C. Want, Clare Lawn Gardens; third, J. B. Hilditch, Esc|., Richmond (gardener, Mr. Meaton). Mr. James Lock, Oatlands Lodge Gardens, Weybridge, was first for dinner-table decorations, using Orchids ; Miss Cole, Feltham, with salmon-pink Carnations, was second ; and Mrs. Salem Cross, Cowley, third, with Roses. Miss Cole was first in a similar class (lady amateurs only) with a charming decoration of white Shirley Poppies and deep rose Sweet Peas. „ , ,_ , . Messrs. Perkins and Sons, Coventry, were first for a basket of Roses, Jliss Cole second, and Mrs. A. Allum, Petersham, third. Sweet Peas were well shown, U. Compton. Esq., Eastcott, Kingston Hill (gardener, Mr. W. Blencowe), being first for six distinct varieties. FRtTiT AND Vegetables. Collection of fruit: First, Mr. Justice Swinfen Eady, Oat- lands Lodge, Weybridge (gardener, Mr. Lock), with good dishes ot Peaches, Strawberries, Ac, Black Hamburgh and other Grapes ; second, the Earl of Dysart, Petersham (gar- dener, Mr. Conway), Peach Dr. Hogg being good. Three bunches of black Grapes : First, Mr. James Lock, Oatlands Lodge Gardens, with good Madiesfield Court ; second, Mr. O. Thompson, Hattonhurst Gardens, Hounsluw ; third, Mr. W. Lintott, Maiden Park Gardens, Caterhani. Three bunches of white Grapes : First, Mr. James Lock, with good Foster's Seedling; second, Mr. W. Lintott, with the same variety ; third, Mr. W. A. Cook, gardener to Colonel Simpson, Shirley House, Croydon. Mr. Conway was first for a dish of Strawberries, Mr. Thompson for Peaches, and Mr. Lock for Cherries. Mr. Beckett, Aldenham House Gardens, won the first prize for a collection of vegetables (prizes by Carter and Co.) ; .Mr. Conway, Ham House Gardens, Petersham, being second ; and Jlr. Bentley, Cedar Court Gardens, Roehampton, third. Mr W. A. Cook, Shirley House Gardens, Croydon, was first for a smaller collection, and Mr. Bentley second. Non-competitive E.xhibits. Messrs. W. and J. Brown, Stamford, Roses, &c. ; L. R. Russell, Richmond, alpines ; George Jackman and bon, Woking, Roses, Sweet Peas, and other hardy flowers ; i. b. Ware, Limited, Feltham, tuberous Begonias, the doubles being very fine ; John Peed and Son, West Norwood, Gloxinias, both plants and cut blooms ; W. Spooner and Son, W oking, Roses ; Amos Perry, a large display of hardy flowers in great variety; Maurice ' Prichard, Christchurch, hardy flowers; William Iceton, group of Palms, Lilies of the Valley, Hydrangeas, Liliums, Ac. ; William Thompson, Richmond, group of Palms, SpiKcas, &c. ; Wills and Segar, South Kensington, handsome foliage plants in variety and Erica ventricosa magniflca ; L. R. Russell, Richmond, Crotons, Caladiums, Dracicnas, d'C, all finely coloured ; Mrs. H. L. VVardo, Petersham (gardener, Mr. A. Allum), a delightful group of Canterbury Bells ; Hugh Low and Co., Enfield, Malmaison Carnations, Vines in pots, &c. ; J. Bruckhaus, Twickenham, Palms, Liliums, Ac. ; Sir F. Wigan, Bart , Clare Lawn, East Sheen (Orchid grower, Mr. W. H. \oung), a "roup of choice Orchids, including the unique Zygopetalum rteblingianum ; T. S. Ware, Limited, I'eltham, a charming bank of Roses, Sweet Peas, and miscellaneous hardy Bowers ; Earl de Grey, Coombe Court, Kingston (gardener, Mr. J. Smith), Roses in vases; and Wright Brothers, Richmond, rustic garden seats, iSc, were the non-competitive exhibitors. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. RULES FOR CORRESPONDENTS. Questions and Answers.— r/ie Editor intends to mate The Garden help/ulto all readerswkodemreassistance, no matter what the branch 0/ gardening may be, and with that object will make a special feature of the " Answers to Corre- spondents" column. All cotnmunications should be clearly and concisely written on one side of the paper only, and addressed to the EDITOR 0/ THE GARDEN, S, Southampton Street, Strand, London, Letters on bxtsiness should be sent to (Ae Publisher. The name and address of the sender are required in addition to any designation he may desire to be used in the paper. When more than one query is sent, each should be on a separate piece of paper. for planting is in April. I. niissouriensis will stand more moisture than the others, but does almost equally well under the same conditions. I. Milesii will not stand a severe winter in the open bed, but at the foot of a south wall or sheltered corner in loam, and with a south exposure, it is perfectly happy. I. Delavayi, I. prismatica, and I. tridentata require more moisture and will do in boggy ground or on the edge of a pond under the same conditions as I. sibirica. Foxgloves (E. C, Clouo.h).— In all probability the sowing was made too late in the year and the plants were not sufliciently advanced to flower this summer. If no flowering spike is now apparent, the flowering of the plants will most likely be deterred to next year. To obtain flowering plants in any given year the seeds should be sown late in summer, planted into permanent or flowering posi- tions in the autumn or spring ensuing, to make full growth during the summer and flower the following year. That is to say, sow the seeds after ripening in 1902, replant to flowering position, if large enough, the same autumn ; allow a full season's growth during 1903, to obtain the best flowering examples in the early summer of 19(14. Double white Violet (E. C. Clodgh).— We do not think you can plant a better kind than Comte de Brazza, also called Swanley VV'hite. The flower is large sized and tree, the growth neat and compact. It is now late for planting out, unless you obtained freshly established pot plants of large size. Even though you obtained only ordinary sized plants, these would give ample stock in the ensuing autumn tor another year. Early April is about the best time for planting such things, in ground well prepared during winter. The position should be somewhat shaded from hot sun, the soil rich and deep. Clematis Jaekmani alba (VV. S.).— The flower is undoubtedly that of Jaekmani alba. This is a very variable variety, the blooms sometimes coming single, at times semi- double, and at other times single and semi-double at the same time. The early blooms are also often tinged with purple, while the later ones are quite white. We should imagine that the plant alluded to, having been established eight years, had got on its own roots, and in moving the plant a portion with a breaking eye was left behind, and is what has now come up, but it is singular that the old plant should have borne single white flowers, and that this year both should be semi-double and tinged with purple. Names of plants.-C //. Vcrnhle.-l, Noella Nabon- nand; ■!, Reine Marie Henriette. R. G. B.— The Cut- leaved Alder (Alnus glutinosa laciniata). It is a variety of the common Alder which has been cultivated for many years, but we are not aware that it has occurred anywhere in a wild state. C. E. F.— The Lonicera is L. involucrata, and the Jasmine is Jasminura revolutum. G. Heath.— \. Cattleya Mossia3 ; "2, A'erbascum pha?niceura ; 3, Bambusa F'ortunei variegata ; 4, Selaginella uncinata (syn. S. ca;sia). Reihbife.— Orange Ball Tree (Buddleia globosa) M. T. //."—The light and dark purple Rhododendrons are both R. ponticum ; the pink is a hybrid of R. ponticum, of which there are a great many unnamed sorts. The other specimen is Magnolia soulangeana. Daitid Howell.— Muskwood (Olearia argophylla). E. P. Le Fetim. — Scrophularia nodosa ; Polemonium reptans. ./. J/. D. — 1, .Saxifraga Geum ; 2. S. Andrewsii ; 3, S. cuneifolia.— — Cn;;- tain Thorold.—l, Iris spuria var. notha ; 2, I. versicolor ; 3, Hwmanthus coccineus ; 4, Syringa Emodi ; 6, Helichrysum petiolatuin. Tomato leaves scopehed (T. Lester). — The Tomato leaves are undoubtedly scorched, and not diseased. You do not say whether the plants are out of doors or under glass, but we presume the latter. If this is the case, the scorching is most probably due to defective ventilation. It seems almost asif the early morning sun had shone upon the leaves when they were covered with moisture ; air had not been left on the house during the night, or had not been given early enough in the morning. Mushpooms (Peri-lexed). — I have very carefully examined the samples of Mushrooms and soil, but I cannot flnd anything to account for the Mushrooms not coming to perfection. I was unable to detect any insects or fungi. The spawn did not look healthy, and I cannot help thinking that perhaps the beds are worn out. Can this be the case ? I should not have thought that the proximity to the stoke- hole could have been the cause, but so much depends on the amount of fumes which reach your house that it is impos sible for anyone at a distance to speak positively.— G. S. S. Rose leaves diseased (G. M. A. B.) — Your Rose leaves are attacked by the Rose black spot fungus (Actino- nema rosie). The best remedy is to pick olf the afi'ected leaves and burn them. When the leaves fall iu the autumn they should be collected and burnt. Spraying with fungi- cides which contain copper as soon as the buds open in the spring will check the disease, which is a very common one. — G. s. S. Hollies injuped (A. Norman Ddgdale).- a very common pest on Hollies. The best remedy is to spray finely with a solution of Blundell's Paris Green, loz. to ten gallons of water. This should be done earlier in the year, before the caterpillars have done so much injury. Paris Green is an arsenical poison and requires carelul usage. The mixture should be kept well in motion whilst being used, so that the Paris Green does not settle towards the bottom, and the proportions named strictly adhered to. Ipises, &c. (Co.nstast Reader). —Iris tenax, I. wat- sonia, I. niissouriensis (I. tolmieana), and I. douglasiana succeed well when planted in a raised bed fully exposed to the sun. The soil should be a sandy loam, and the beat time TRADE NOTE. hartley and SnGDEN's "White Rose" Boiler. White Rose" is the name given by Messrs. Hartley and Sugden, Halifax, to a new cast-iron Sectional Boiler, which is the result of careful study, repeated practical experiments, and expert scientific knowledge. The special formation of flues, the proportionate grate area, aud the quality and even thickness of the metal "have all been thought out with a view to obtain a reliable and durable boiler. Messrs. Hartley and Sugden have added a new boiler to their foundry with the most recent appliances and machinery, and no expense has been spared to enable them to produce a boiler unequalled for economy of fuel, durability, rapidity of circulation, and convenience for the stoker. This boiler is made in sections, each 6 inches wide, and carefully machined and finished, so that each part is interchangeable and will fit accurately one to the other ; the flow and return con- nexions between sections are made with cast-iron push taper nipples. The sections are held in position, after they have been drawn together, by short bolts having a right and left- hand thread ; this method has been found from experience to be more reliable than the single long bolt. The fire-bars are of the ordinary English pattern, and chilled on the face. Any part of the bars or bearers can easily be replaced without disturbing the boiler. The smoke-box is fitted with a removable cap, so that the chimney may be taken off vertically or horizontally ; the damper is fixed in this box, and may be drawn out to right or left side. The fittings are all made specially strong, and cannot possibly he broken with fair usage ; all hinges, door catches, and knobs are malleable, and fitted in a special manner to the boiler. Mr. R. Lewis Castle (Gold Medallist of the Fruiterers Company, and nine and a half years manager of the Duke of Bedford's Experimental Fruit Farm) is open to an engage- ment in any capacity where long practical commercial experience, together with a scientific study of horticulture, is requisite. Address : Ridgmont, Aspley Guise, Bedford- shire. The New Hopticultural Hall will be opened by his Majesty the King on Friday, the '22nd inst. The Neill Memorial Prize. — The council of the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society has awarded the Neill Memorial Prize to Mr. R. P. Brotherston, gardener to the Earl of Haddington, Tyninghame, Prestonkirk, N.B. The Neill prize is awarded biennially to a practical gardener who has performed meritorious services to horticulture, and consists of the interest on a capital sum of about £400, invested as a memorial to the late Patrick Neill. The award to Mr. Brotherston will be a highly popular one among the gardeners of Scotland, as well as in the wider circle acquainted with Mr. Brotherston's literary horticultural work. *,* The Yearly Subscription to The Garden is : Inland, 1.5s.; Foreign, J7s. fid. Supplement to The Garden, July 2nd, 1904. -^ - '^ ^ ^ERSICA PURPURE/^ ._ - 4?fey- GARDEN ^=fc^ No. 1703.— Vol. LXVI. [July 9, 1904. FRUIT CROPS AND INSECT PESTS. NEVER were the prospects of a good fruit year brighter than in the spring of 1904. Fruit trees of all kinds and ia all places were covered with bloom, and no sharp frosts came to upset the prospects of heavy ■crops. But disappointment has followed the fair promise at the outset, and while some fruits — such as Pears, for instance — may be ■described as almost a failure, there is hardly a case in which the results have been completely satisfactory. Whatever may be the cause of the partial and, in some cases, entire failure, there can be no doubt that insect pests are in a measure responsible, for never of late years have fruit growers had such a plethora of enemies to fight against. It is not easy to understand why this should be, for in these ■days a knowledge of the habits of the common enemies of fruit is spread broadcast by various means and the market is flooded with insecti- cides and appliances, but in spite of all this insects flourish and multiply, and the damage they do seems to develop as the years roll on. Some say that our seasons have got out of order and the mild winters experienced of late years have been helpful in preserving injurious insect life, but, whether this be so or not, there is no ignoring the fact that the damage done by fruit pests this year is very serious. When the drying easterly winds were blowing in early June hordes of aphis appeared, and, taking possession of stone fruit trees, such as Plums, Damsons, and Cherries, they ciippled the young shoots, twisted up the leaves, checked the growth, and were doubtless the cause of many of the fruits falling. In Pear-growing districts that tantalising little pest known as the midge was early on the war-path, and to its agency the wholesale falling of the fruit at an early stage may be attributed. One has only to make a cursory examination of Apple trees to find traces of the ravages of the deadly winter moth caterpillar, and the time is not far ahead when Apples will commence to fall before they are fully ripe through being bored with the grub of the codlin moth. Turning to bush fruits, tales of woe come from areas where Gooseberries are largely grown, telling of the devastation caused by caterpillars, which have stripped the bushes of their foliage. Nor is the caterpillar the only enemy of Gooseberry growers, for the dry weather has been conducive to the spread of the Gooseberry mite, a tiny insect belonging to the red spider family, which infests the foliage, causing it to fall, and often bringing about the death of old bushes. Aphides have crippled the shoots of Red and White Currants, and those who failed to pinch out the points of the growths before the insects made headway will have sticky and dirty fruit. Our attention was recently directed to a plantation of Black Currants which was infested with aphis. Most of the leaves had shrivelled up and fallen off, leaving the bunches of fruit hanging on the stems and exposed to the blistering eflects of the sun. There can be no doubt about the unsatisfac- tory character of this state of affairs, but the all-important question is the remedy. Nature protects her own, and it is hopeless to expect that insect foes can be obliterated entirely, but the damage done might be lessened consider- ably by more co-operation on the part of growers. Many of the latter are fully alive to the necessity of fighting insect pests, but it is discouraging for a man to spend time and money in protecting his crops if his neighbour does nothing at all. The day is surely coming when there must be some combined efforts in fruit-growing areas in order to prevent the serious damage done by insects. At one time it was not considered necessary to spray Kentish Hops to keep down blight, but now every grower recognises that this is absolutely essential, and on some of the large farms elaborate machinery has been put down at great expense for this purpose. So long as the present haphazard method goes on, and one grower makes honest attempts to keep down insect pests while another does nothing, the present unsatisfactory state of affairs will assuredly continue. Another common mistake is that of letting the enemy get established before any destruc- tive measures are adopted. We have already mentioned the damage done by aphis amongst Plums, Cherries, and other crops, and everyone knows the marvellous rapidity with which these insects increase. Unfortunately, we have a philosophical way of watching the increase of aphis and then bemoaning the damage instead of dealing with the evil when it first appears, at which time its depredations can be checked by pinching out the points of the shoots in some cases, and in others by applying a simple insecticide. A spraying apparatus does not cost a great deal, and there ought to be one in every establishment where fruit is grown. As for insecticides they can be readily made at home or be purchased in a prepared form ready for application. More winter attention is also wanted, and if people would only realise the importance of keeping the stems and bark of trees free from obnoxious moss growths by applications of a caustic alkali solution when growth is dormant, there would be far less need for washing and spraying after growth begins. No art or magic will ever help fruit growers to get rid of the common insect foes which cause so much damage, and the only things are watchfulness and perseverance. To these may be added co-operation in the common interest, for until there is a better system of combina- tion in the destruction of insect pests the trouble experienced this year will continue. EVENING IN THE GARDEN. *' The sun has loog been set. The stars come out by twos and threes, The little birds are piping yet Among the bushes and trees. There's a cuckoo and one or two thrushes, And a far-off wind that rushes, And a sound of water that gushes, And the cuckoo's sovereign cry Fills all the hollow of the sky. Who would go parading In London and masquerading Ou such a night in June, AVith that beautiful soft half moon, And all the innocent blisses Of such a night as this is ? " It is evening in the garden, and there is no sound of rushing life, of haymaker's scythe, or gardener's busy hands. The silence is broken only by the soft sighing of the summer breeze among the Elms that border the garden, and by an occasional rustle in the shrubbery where the thrushes and blackbirds have gone to rest. Even the persevering cuckoo's note is hushed, but the sparrows twitter faintly among the creepers. From a lonely thicket comes the soft passionate voice of the nightingale, and in the field close bj'' a partridge calls from her nest among the tall grass. A tiny nightjar passes silently overhead and bats hover to and fro among the trees. It is at this hour that the garden is almost at its best, I think ; and Victor Hugo must have thought so when he wrote, " C'est Dieu qui fait la nuit plus belle que le jour." To-day is the longest day in the year, and certainly there seems a much lengthier twi- light than yesterday. Since the sun slowly sank an hour or so ago, a ball of flame in the glowing sky, the flowers surely give out more scent and are inspired with stronger life than they possessed even during the radiant day. In |the Rose garden glorious La France, Allan Richardson, and Bouquet d'Or lift their sweeu heads and dainty buds, and some cherishea 18 THE GARDEN. [July 9, 1904. three year old trees are putting forth their first flowers. The herbaceous borders are a medley of scents — Tobacco plants, old - fashioned Lupins, white and yellow, Sweetbriars, and Lilies, a mass of colour even in this dim light. 1 walk round the herb garden, absently pulling a sprig of Lavender or Eosemary and a leaf of Balm. I tread among the snow from the flowering Acacia on the lawn and the Ilex leaves that fall so persistently this time of year. A tiny ringdove which has fallen from the nest or pushed out by a too impatient mother, flutt3rs at my feet, and hides itself among the Ferns in the rockery. The Calvary Thorn tree, a mass of white blossom, looks ghostly in the dusk. No bird will roost beneath its spreading branches or feed on the attractive red berries with which it is decorated in autumn. Only the bees do not seem to have any feeling on the subject, and all day long the air is filled with their cheerful hum as they seek for honey among the blossoms of the Calvary Thorn. The .sky is gorgeous with changing lights, deep crimson shading to purple and orange. A bank of fine weather clouds and a red afterglow promise well for the morrow. " Red at night is the shepherd's delight." As I walk the darkness deepens, for even the longest day must have an end. Stars creep out in the opal sky, and the moon, bright augury, emerges clear and cold through a fleecy cloud that passes slowly to windward. Beyond the garden gate, and approached through the ghostly shrubbery, is a field of waving Oats, flecked with golden Mustard, and a belt of tall Firs stand out sharply against the horizon, where miles of lonely forest stretch into the far distance. A shining silver ribbon marks where the river winds through pastures down to the sea. The river banks are bordered by trees that slope to the water's edge and dip their waving branches into the cool water. Can one tell the future from the sky as the ancients did, and hope or despair from the signs read in the heavens 1 If so, to-night should portend a rosy future, and there is a feeling of peace in the air. Alas ! one cannot stay all night in the garden, even in midsummer, unless one is lucky enough to be born a Romany and live happily in a caravan under the greenwood tree, amid the fresh winds of Heaven, and as I write the distant bell from the abbey tells the hour, and it is time to leave my evening garden. Dorothy Hamilton Dean. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. July 9. — Windsor and Eton, Warminster, and Gloucester Rose Shows. .July 12. — Royal Horticultural Society's Holland House Show (two days) ; Wolverhampton Floral Fete (three days). July 13. — Forniby, Reading, Stevenage Thorn- ton Heath, and Harrow Rose Shows ; Nottingham- shire Horticultural and Botanic Society's Show (two days). July 14. — Weybridge Flower Show ; Highgate Horticultural Society's Show ; Bath, Eltham, Helensburgh, and Wood bridge Rose Shows ; Ports- mouth Rose Show (two days). July 15. — Gresford and Ulverstone Rose Shows. July 16. — Manchester Rose Show. July 19. — Saltaire and Tibshelf Rose Shows. July 20. — National Sweet Pea Society's Show at Crystal Palace (two days). July 22. — Opening of the New Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, by His Majesty the King. Royal Hoptieultupal Society.— The next show of this society will be the great summer flower show, to take place, by the kind permission of the Earl and Countess of Ilchesler, at Holland House, on Tuesday and Wednesday next, after which the new Exhibition Hall, built to com- memorate the centenary of the society, will be used for future fortnightly shows. These fortnightly shows commenced nearly 100 jears ago by Fellows exhibiting objects of interest at the general meetings of the society then held in Gerrard Street. In 1S20 they were removed to Regent Street, by which time the shows had increased and were organised on much the same lines as the present day. They were afterwards transferred to the society's garden at South Ken- sington, whence, on the site being surrendered in 1887, they were again moved, and have for the last seventeen years been held at Buckingham Gate. At the general meeting of Fellows held on the 2Sth ult., Mr. George Bunyard announced from the chair that His Majesty the King had graciously consented to open the society's new Exhibition Hall, in Vincent Square, on Friday, July 22, on which occasion it was hoped that he would be accompanied by Her Majesty the Queen and several other members of the Royal Family. Among the seventy-one new Fellows elected were Sir Patrick Playfair, Captain T. G. Whistler, Lord Elphin- stone. Colonel Maitland Hunt, Lieutenant-Colonel W. Horatio Harfield, Sir Robert N. Hensley, Lord Inverclyde, Lady Knowles, Mr. Horace C. Monro, C.B., and Rear-Admiral Sir B. Milne, Bart. A paper on the "Hybridisation of Roses," by M. Viviand Morel, was read, in which he gave a short resumd of the history of hybridisation, with several practical hints to be followed by Rose growers. He pointed out that it is still possible to obtain good new varieties, and even to create new sections, on only one condition, that is no longer to trust to chance as a guide in seed saving. He added it was from working without discernment that many raisers of seedlings have so often obtained the same varieties, hardly to be distinguished from one another, but when a series is exhausted it is useless to endeavour to obtain endless new varieties from it. National Dahlia Society.— A meeting of the committee of the above society will be held, by kind permission of the Horticultural Club, in the Club Room at the Hotel Windsor, Victoria Street, S.W., on Tuesday, the 26th inst., at 2 p.m. "The chief business will be the election of judges for the London exhibition.— P. W. Tulloch, Hon. Secretary. The lapg'est Rhododendron ponti- CUm in 'Wales. — Mr. Mitchell, Glyn Celyn, Brecon, sends a photograph of this well-known Rhododendron. It is considered the finest speci- men in South Wales, being 50 yards in circumfer- ence and 10 feet in height, and leafy to the ground level. Mr. Mitchell writes : "As far as I can find out it is about fifty years old, and is growing in a strong and heavy loam inclined to clay." The raisers of Rhododendron Pink Pearl. — Messrs. John Waterer and Sons, The American Nursery, Bagshot, Surrey, write : " We notice in your leading article in The Garden of the 25th ult. that you say ' We probably owe Pink Pearl to the late Mr. J. H. Mangles.' Surely, seeing that we were the raisers of this variety, the credit should have been given to US." We hasten to correct any wrong impres- sion that may have been conveyed by our remarks. Three grood Verbenas. — These old- fashioned flowers are very attractive in the summer garden, and varieties of distinct and rich colouring may now be had which make a bed of them much more effective than used to be possible. It is un- necessary to do more than mention the rich pink variety Ellen Willmott, for everyone who grows Verbenas now grows this one. King of Scarlets is a new sort that has been shown a good deal lately, and as striking in its particular colouring as the popular one just mentioned. King of Scarlets is well named, for it produces flowers of intense scarlet. It is recommended for bedding and par- ticularly for pot culture ; it is very free blooming. Princess of Wales is another Verbena of distinct and striking appearance. Messrs. William Cutbush and Son, Highgate, showed a large group of it at the last Drill Hall meeting. The dark green leaves with crinkled edges and the beautiful purple flowers associate well and combine to make a plant that is- sure to become popular for bedding and also for pot culture. With these three varieties and Queen of Whites, the finest of the white Verbenas, producing splendid trusses of bloom, it may be said that one would have the four best Verbenas that are now to- be obtained. — A. H. P. Hemerocallis fulvamaculata.— This is now in full flower, whereas the Hemerocallis fulva is just over. Mr. Sprenger received this new variety from the late Padre Giraldi, Shen-shi, China, and Professor Baroni, Florence, has named it as fulva maculata. It is quite distinct from the common European fulva. The whole plant ia taller, stronger, the flowers are more numerous, and the colour is brighter and the petals broader. This variety will certainly find favour for the border. I never saw seed capsules on H. fulva, but the fulva maculata has borne seeds here, and the next time I hope to tell your readers about some new h3'brids of it. There are seedlings from H. fulva maculata and H. Thunbergi, H. aurantiaca major and H. citrina, and vice versa. — William McLLER, Xaple.^. Erodium pelargoniiflorum.— This Erodium, a small plant of which I received from my friend Mr. Arthur Goodwin last year, is certainly a wonderful bloomer. Myplantcommenced to flower soon after it became established in its new quarters, and continued to bloom until the end of November. It kept growing all the winter, and on the last day of February opened the first of its new crop of flowers. Since that date it has been in profuse bloom, and, although numberless seed- vessels are formed, will apparently continue in flower for many weeks. This plant is now over 3 feet across. The flowers, though not individually very striking, have a pretty effect in the mass, and the great length of time through which the plant is in bloom renders it especially valuable. —S. W. F. Campanula muralis major. — This Campanula, which is also known by the name of C. portenschlagiana major, is one of the best of the Bell-flowers for covering spaces in the rock garden or for rough stone edgings. It is a marvellous bloomer, coming into flower in the late spring, being at its best in early June and continuing to flower for many weeks, often perfecting a second crop of autumnal bloom. Last Christmas I sent flowers of this Campanula, picked from the open, for the Editor's table. This Campanula appears absolutely indifierent to soil and exposure, though it does not flower quite so freely in a shady site as in a sunny one, but I have seen it doing well under both conditions, and have noticed it the picture of health growing in pure rubble and also in heavy loam inclining to clay. — S. W. F. Carnation Mrs. Frank Shuttle- worth. — This is a very fine rose-coloured self Carnation, raised by Mr. W. C. Modrae, The Gardens, Old Warden Park, Biggleswade. It is an excellent grower, produces grass and flowers freely. The latter are large and full, the petals stout, smooth, and shell shaped ; it is an addition to both the exhibition and border groups. Uriah Pike having been one of the parents, it is pleasantly fragrant. I believe it is being distributed by the raiser. — R. D. Dundee Flower Market.— The flower market in Craig Street, Dundee, the recent opening of which was reported in The Garden at the time, has proved remarkably successful. One end is occupied with fixed stalls, let by the year, while a portion is fitted up with stands let daily, the under- standing being that regular stand holders should have the preference for the one they generally occupy. The stalls at the end are occupied by such leading Dundee firms as Messrs. Storrieand Storrie, Messrs. I'hyne and Paton, and Messrs. Harley and Sons, and some of these occasionally take up a stand as well. A proposal made by Messrs. Storrie and Storrie that the corporation should erect a con- servatory at the market, which they offer to rent, is under consideration, and if agreed to would probablj' improve the character of the market and trade. JULY 9, 1904.J THE GAEDEN 19 Begonia bowpingeana.— According to ths "Dictionary of Gardening" this Begonia is synonymous with B. laciniata, a native of Nepaiil ami Southern China, and introduced from there in 1S58. The description, however, does not seem to apply to B. bowringeana as shown by Messrs. Siiider last year at Ghent, and more recently at the Temple show. It is a bold-growing plant, forming a decided stem perhaps 2 feet in height, and furnished with leaves which rival the finest forms of B. Rex. The individual leaves of B. bowringeana are about 18 inches long, and nearly th-) same in width. The upper surface is velvety green of varying shades, while the midrib and veins being of a clear bright red stand out very promi- nently from the rest of the leaf. The under sides, too, are of an uniform bright red tint, richer in colour than in most Begonias. Not only is this Begonia valuable for its intrinsic merit, but it has been already employed for hybridising purposes, and in conjunction with varieties of B. Rex has yielded some beautiful and distinct forms, two of which — His Majesty and Oar Queen — attracted much attention when exhibited at the Drill Hall on October 27 last. On that occasion each of them was given an award of merit. — H. P. AUatnanda grandiflopa.— Though this AUamanda has been in cultivation for the last sixty years or so, and it is certainly one of the most distinct and beautiful of the genus, it has for some reason or other become very rare in cultivation, so much so, indeed, that very few nurseries are able to supply it. At Kew it is just now flowering freely, and the blossoms at once arrest attention by reason of their great beauty and distinct shade of lemon-yellow. Compared with such as A. Hender- soni, the species under notice is of a dwarf, com- pact habit, the slender shoots being clothed with small, thin leaves, while a succession of flowers is kept up for a considerable time. It may be grown as a rafter plant in a small or medium-sized struc- ture, or, if preferred, as a loose-growing bush. Perhaps the scarcity of this AUamanda is to a certain extent accounted for by the difficulty attending its propagation or, rather, its successful culture, for, while cuttings are not at all difficult to strike, they seldom grow in a satisfactory manner. This may be obviated by grafting upon one of the vigorous growers, such as A. Schotti, with which a union ia readily effected, and the after culture gives no further trouble. AUamanda grandiflora is, like most of the other cultivated species, a native of Brazil, whence seeds are said to have been sent by the collector Gardner in 1836, from which plants were raised and in time distri- buted.—H. P. National Chpysanthetnum Society's annual picnie,— The annual picnic and outing will, by the kind permission of Miss A. A. de Rothschild, take place at Waddes- don Manor, Bucks. The date fixed for the picnic is Tuesday, the 19th inst.,and the cost, inclusive of railway fare to and from Baker Street, con- veyance to and from Waddesdon Station to the Manor, dinner and tea, will be IO3. 6d. Ladies are specially invited. The company will be con- veyed to Waddesdon Manor Station by the Metro- politan Railway, from Baker Street Station, No. 2 platform, at the time set forth on the annexed programme. Dinner and tea will be provided at the Five Arrows Hotel, which is close to the entrance gates. Note. — Accommodation will be provided for ladies at the hotel. The gardens and grounds of Waddesdon Manor are of a very attrac- tive character, and advantage should be taken of this opportunity to inspect them. Should any be disposed to walk, there is a footpath across the fields to Waddesdon Manor, distance about one mile or so. The entrance to the fields ia close to the railway station. The programme will be as follows: 10.15 a.m. — Assemble at Baker Street Station, platform No. 2. 10.25a.m. — Special train leaves for Waddesdon Manor Station, calling at Pinohley Road at 10.30, Harrow at 10.45, and Rickmansworth at 10.55, also calling at these places to set down on the return journey. 11.40 a.m. — Train reaches Waddesdon Manor Station, from which conveyances will carry the party to the Five Arrows Hotel. 1 p. m. sharp. — Dine at the Five Arrows Hotel. During the afternoon there will be an inspection of the gardens and grounds. 5 p.m. — Tea will be provided at the Five Arrows Hotel. 6 p.m. — Go as you please. 7.20 p.m. — Conveyances leave ihe Five Arrows Hotel for return journey. 7.50 p.m. — Train leaves Waddesdon Manor Station for Biker Street. — Richard Dean, V.M.H., Ranelagh Road, Ealing, London, W. Diosma capitata. — There were so many subjects to engage the attention of visitors at the Temple Show, and owing to the crowd few had an opportunity of closely inspecting them, that it is possible few noticed the flowering specimens of this hard-wooded greenhouse plant in the interesting collection staged by Messrs. W. Bilchin and Son of the Hassocks Nurseries, Sussex. It is a charming plant for the greenhouse, dwarf and compact in growth, blooming with remarkable freedom. It can lay claim to some fragrance, and it lasts a long time in bloom. The plant bears the name given at the head of this paragraph at the Hassocks nurseries, where it is regarded as a very old subject, but I cannot find it in plant catalogues. Perhaps it may now be included among the Pimeleas. It throws up numerous heads of lavender- coloured flowers of a pleasing shade, and it makes a model subject for pot culture. Cuttings are made of the young growths when 1 inch or H inches in length : they are inserted in 6-inch pots filled with a sandy compost and covered with a bell-glass ; they root in about three months, and then are potted singly in 2A-inch pots in a compost formed of peat and sharp sand. These young plants are stopped a time or two, then rep o t ted as required, and grown on into bushy examples. Three year old plants will produceone hundred heads of bloom. It is more compact in growth than D. ericoides, with quite a Pimelea - like habit. Certainly a delightful plant for those who can cultivate it. — R. Dean. Blue Tufted Pansies. — For the last two or three years more attention has been given by certain raisers to the introduction of a better lot of blue Tufted Pansies than has been the case for a long time. When looking through the list of catalogued sorts recently I was struck with the dearth of really good blue varieties. Some of the existing sorts are of a good and striking colour, but when the question of habit is considered and the quality of the flowers, too, is looked into, it is astonishing how far they fall short in this respect when compared with Tufted Pansies of other colours. The near future has many good things in store for us, but until they have been distributed it is almost useless to refer to them individually. There are several good sorts, however, of which but little is known, and although they are not a true shade of blue, they are near that colour. Jackdaw is a new sort, of a pretty heliotrope blue, with a bright yellow eye and rayless. The flowers hold themselves up well, and they are freely developed on a sturdy habit. Blue Tit, a pretty little mauve-tinted blue flower, is charming. The plants are small in the first instance, but ultimately make beautiful tufts, literally covered with flowers. Duncan, introduced in 1901, is a fine bedding sort. The colour may be described as deep bluish purple, and most effective. The plant has a splendid constitution. Admiral of the Blues, in a spraj', as seen at the Temple show, is beautiful. It is a deep blue and rayless. As a bedding sort, how- ever, it cannot be highly recommended, as its habit is poor. A pretty pale mauve-blue is John Quarlon. It is a good bedding plant, and was in line form a few days ago in Mr. William Syden- ham's garden at Tamworth. A miniature-flowered sort is Pigmy. This is a heliotrope blue flower with a rich yellow eye. The plant has a splendid constitution and a good habit. I recently saw this variety used as an edging to a long bed down the CLIMBING AIMEE VIEERT OVER WILLOWS. whole length of a carriage drive, and the effect was very fine.— D. B. Crane. The Scotch Lataupnum,— Among flowering trees the Laburnum holds a foremost position. The common one (vulgare) is abundant, but the one under notice ia not, judging by the few one sees ; many planters are not acquainted with it. By planting both sorts the period of blooming can be lengthened from two to three weeks. I have been impressed with this for several years, where both sorts are growing side by side. Now, in the last half of June, the Scotch kind is just at its best, while the common one has been over nearly a fortnight. In grounds at some distance from the house nothing is more charming than a large mass backed by other evergreens. I often think this and many other of the strong growing flowering trees are not used so freely as they ought to be to brighten the landscape. Often a few could ba 20 THE GARDEN. [July 9,|1904. ROSE OVER AN OLD ESPALIER. added when planting groups, &c., placing them near the outside, e.g., a highly coloured Apple, wild Cherry, Thorns, red Chestnut, or white Acacia. This Laburnum is somewhat stronger growing, has shining foliage, and the racemes of flowers are longer. Some consider it rather shy blooming. This is not so in our grounds. While writing I may suggest to those desirous of continuing the flowering season that they plant Laburnum in a north situation, this retards it. — .1. Crook. LittOnia modesta.— The introduction of the beautiful Gloriosa rothschildiana, which attracted so much attention at the Temple show, will doubtless serve to call attention not only to the Gloriosas, but also of their near allies. One of these is the above-mentioned Littonia modesta, a native of Natal, whence it was introduced about fifty years ago. It passes the winter in a dormant state, during which time the soil should be kept quite dry, and in spring the curiously shaped tubers must be shaken from the old compost and repotted. In a warm greenhouse or intermediate temperature height, and its numerous flower-spikes, with two branches at the base, are about 1.5 inches in length. The flowers, which are orange, edged with chestnut, are 1 iuch in length and three- quarters of an inch across the mouth. The leaves are rather over 6 inches in length and half an inch in breadth, and are smooth and shiny on both surfaces. I can see no account of the plant, and find that it is not mentioned in the " Kew Hand List." I had thought from its name that it might be synony- mous with D. ambigua, but the leaves of that plant are described as being downy beneath. It is not a strikingly handsome plant, but is interesting, and has a quiet charm of its own. — S. W. FiTZHERBEKT. Cistus ladani- fePUS. — It is, as far as I know, impossible to procure the type of this plant with pure white flowers, though a few years ago, while journe}-- ing by rail from Algeciras to Ronda in Spain, I saw many hundreds of plants in full flower close to the line. The variety of Cistus ladaniferus named maculatus is, I believe, in commerce, but is hard to obtain. Most nursery- men catalogue it, but grow Cistus cyprius under that name. Both have white flowers with maroon-carmine blotches near the basesof the petals, but the flowers of C. ladaniferus are larger and are borne singly at the ends of the shoots, while in C. cyprius several are produced at the extremity of each shoot. Cistus ladaniferus maculatus, true, has a splendid flower. I have just measured one that is slightly over 5 inches across, the pure white ciepe-like petals set off by the dark, carmine-edged blotch being very beautiful. — S. W. F. ROSES OVER OLD TREES. O M E of the best Roses for covering old fruit trees are the following. The soil in this garden (Thames Valley, Berkshire) is very light, and it is taken out to a depth of 18 inches. This brings one to a bed of chalk. I then mix up the following compost : Two parts of xu . ...... s.„.,..M== ., ,u...,„cu.»,. ..,nu...,u.u rich loam, one part well-decayed horse manure, if the soil is kept slightly moist they will push up o°e part of good road sand, and to every load flender succulent shoots, which quickly lengthen two barrowloads of old mortar rubble and one and soon acquire a climbing habit, supporting barrowload of wood ashes are added. I find themselves by slender tendrils. The flowers, pro- all the Tea and Hybrid Tea Roses do exceed- duced singly from the axils of the leaves, are ingly well and flower profusely. A large drooping, bell-shaped, 2 inches or so across, and quantity of climbing Roses are grown on old of a bright orange colour. Individually they do jruit trees. A hole is taken out about 3 feet not last long, but a succession is kept up for some square and filled in with the same compost as time. A near ally of the aoove ,s Sandersonia f^^ ,jjg ^^^^^ j^p^g, Xj^is gj^es them a good aurantiaca, also a native ot ^atal, and introduced ... j t i it i.^„ ;., ,soT,;,ifr fliat about the ;ame time as the preceding. This is a * Ft'^nd J liave no hesitation in .saying that slender twiner, but of a less pronounced climbing cnrabing Roses cannot be grown in a better habit than the Littonia, while the flowers are way to show their effectiveness than by allowing broadly urn-shaped and bright orange-yellow.— them to ramble over old worn out fruit trees. H. P. Some of the Roses have only been planted two Digritalis Obseupus.— A plant given to and a half years, but they are now 20 feet high, me under this name is now in flower. It is 3 feet in and almost cover the branches. They occasion no further trouble beyond the winter pruning. The best climbers for trees, according to my experience, are the following : The first to flower here is Carmine Pillar ; this has a clear carmine flower and beautiful foliage. The nest best is the lovely Mme. Alfred Carriere, which is never without flowers from the early part of June till October. The Dawson Rose is excellent for trees. My next best is the little Thalia. I have it growing on an old standard Apple tree, and its flowers very much resembb the Apple blossom. In June Dundee Rambler is a good Rose for running over au old tree. We also grow Euphrosyne, Electra, Paul's Single White, Reve d'Or, and Gloire de Dijon, all of which do well. One other Rambler 1 must not forget, namely, Dorothy Perkins, which is he best of all pink Rambler Roses for a south wall. The beautiful Fortune's Yellow grows and flowers well here. It is planted on the house and sheltered from the west by a very large bay window, it has covered a space .30 feet square in less than three years. Griiss an Teplitz makes a good pillar Rose, and shows its deep red flowers much better than when grown as a bush. The following Roses are excellent for mass- ing: Anna Olivier, Dr. Grill, Marie van Houtte, G. Nabonnand, Jules Finger, Princesse de Sagan, Viscountess Folkestone, Caroline Test- out, Papa Gontier, Hon. Edith Gifi'ord, Antoine Rivoire, Killarney, Liberty, Mrs. W. J. Grant, Marquise de Salisbury, Mme. Chedane Guinois- seau, and for a long border the pink Chinas and Lavender make a charming effect. A bed of the little Polyantha Rose is always interesting. I find the following varieties make a very good mixture : Etoile d'Or, Mme. E. A. Nolte, Perle des Rouges, and Marie Pavie. S. SOME OF THE NEWER ROSES AT DROPMORE. Df RING the past five years many , good Roses of all sections have I been added to our lists, and the ' present season having so far been most favourable for their growth we may reasonably hope to see many of the varieties well exhibited at the forthcoming shows. English raisers have within the time named given us by far the largest number of what are likely to prove varieties of sterling merit. Any new Rose introduced by such growers as ^Messrs. Alex- ander Dickson and Sons of Newtownards, Messrs. Benjamin Cant and Sons, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. of Colchester, Messrs. W. Paul, and Paul and Son, is a sufficient guarantee that a good variety may be expected. Taking the Htbeid Peepetuals first, pride of place must be given to that excellent white variety Frau Karl Druschki, sent out in 1900 by Mr. P. Lambert. This is by far the finest white Hybrid Perpetual ; the flower is snow-white, petals shell-shaped, and it builds up into a perfect exhibition bloom. This variety must be well treated, so that a strong growth is made, otherwise it will come rather thin. Ben Cant (B. Cant and Sons, 1002).— This Rose has proved somewhat disappointing here. Last season the blooms were thin, but it has made much better growth during this season, and the buds are promising. The colour is crimson, with darker shading. Mrs,. Cocker (Cocker and Sons, 1899).— This is an excellent variety of a soft pink colour. The flower is full, and the growth of the plant all that can be desired. A really good Rose. July 9, 1904.] THE GARDEN. 21 Rossh/n (A. Dickson and Sons, 1900).— This is a sport from the well-known Suzmne Marie Eodocanachi. The colour is a beautiful .shade of rosy flesh, but up to the present time I have not seen a really good flower of it. There is also another sport from the first-named variety named Marie Corelli, sent out by Mr. Prince of Oxford. Hybrid Teas. New varieties in this section are more numerous. Messrs. Alexander Dickson of New- townards, who have raised so many good Roses, have given us many splendid additions during the time named. Foremost amongst them I would place Bessie Brotvn, which is too well known to need description here. Duchess of Portland (1901). — This has proved disappointing here. The growth is poor, and several plants have died, but those who have seen the beautiful flowers exhibited by the firm will not willingly give up trying to grow it. Lady Moyra Beauclerc (1901). — I think this will prove a splendid exhibition Eose in good seasons. The growth is fairly vigorous. The flowers come singly, and are of a lovely silvery rose shade. They are of the much desired pointed shape, and last well. A most attractive Rose. Mildred Grant (1901). — Visitors to Rose shows who have seen the glorious flowers of this Rose are always charmed with it. In the hands of our best growers it is a grand variety, but it will not succeed with all growers. It is quite an exhibition Rose. Libert}/ (1900).— A splendid Rose for bed- ding and massing, also for pot culture. It is not quite large enough for exhibition. The flowers are brilliant crimson, and of the same share as Mrs. W. J. Grant. Pdjoa Lambert (P. Lambert, 1899).— This is a trood grower, but the flowers fail to open j well. The colour is deep rose. It wants a ! favourable season, and is promising well this year. Robert Scott (R. Scott and Sons, 1901).— This is a good Rose. Growth and foliage excellent, and the flowers are of large size and open well. Colour light pink ; of excellent form and sub- stance. A really good Rose. Edith D'onibrain, Alice Lindsell, and Alice Grahame have not yet flowered here, but all seem likely to prove acquisitions to this class. Teas. Boadicea (W. Paul and Son, 1901).— f This promises to be a good addition to the exhibition Teas. The growth is vigorous and free, the flower of good size, pink in colour, shaded in the centre to deep rose. The flower lasts well. Lady Roberts (Messrs. F. Cant and Co., 1902). — A sport from that excellent variety Anna Olivier, and similar to it, but differs in colour. In the sport this is of a peculiar but very beautiful shade of coppery red. A good Rose in all respects. Mrs. E. Mawley (A. Dickson and Sons, 1899). — This variety is now well known, and has all the qualities that go to make up a perfect Tea Rose. One of the very best. Mrs. B. Cant (1901).— A variety of strong growth, and a good autumnal bloomer suitable for planting in the Rose house or on south walls ; colour deep rose. Souvenir de Pierre Notting (Soupert and Notting).— A beautiful variety. The colour of the flowers is a lovely shade of apricot. A well developed bloom rivals a typical flower of Marechal Niel in size. It is quite worthy of the gold medal awarded to it by the National Rose Society. Garden Roses. These now claim a place in all gardens where Roses are grown, and now that their require- ments are better understood very fine efi'ects are produced by planting them in suitable positions, such as in masses in the wild garden or for covering arches, pergolas, and bowers. Electra, sent out by Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, is an excellent variety ; the flowers are yellow, and in large terminal trusses. A most desirable variety. The Lion (Paul and Son). — This has crimson flowers and is a very fine pillar Rose. The single Wallflower from the same firm is a splendid variety for hedges and pillars ; the flowers are rosy crimson. This does well on a bank. Blush Rambler (Benjamin Cant and Sons, 1903). — This is a beautiful pillar Rose, and suitable for positions where it can have plenty of room. The colour is blush-pink ; it is as free as Crimson Rambler. It received a gold medal from the National Rose Society in 100.3. These and many others are all worthy of extensive cultivation where room can be found for them. Whilst writing of garden Roses I would like to recommend to lovers of this type an old favourite here — Mme. Alfred Carrifere (Hybrid Noisette), sent out by Schwartz in 1879. It is an excellent Rose for pillars. The flowers are large, white, with a yellow base. No Rose that I aui acquainted with has such a delicious scent, and is almost perpetual in flowering. Another old variety I I can recommend is Gloire des Rosomanes (Hybrid China). — The flowers are deep crimson and produced in large clusters ; it is excellent for exposed positions. I have several times cut excellent flowers from this variety at Christmas. Charles Page. Bropmore Gardens, Maidenhead. THE ENEMIES OF THE ROSE. THE following revised notes by that excellent rosarian and hon. secre- tary of the National Rose Society were contributed to "Roses for English Gardens," but they are of sufficient importance to reprint ia The Garden. There is scarcely any other plant which is attacked by so many or such persistent enemies as the Rase. Strange to say, writers on Rose culture, in enumerating these, invari- ably omit to mention the most potent enemy of all, and that is, adverse weather. It is not only that these adverse weather conditions often inflict more serious and lasting injuries than all the other enemies of the Rose put together, but they are also indirectly respon- sible for the worst attacks from insect and other pests. Taking all classes of Roses together, there is perhaps no climate in the world so favourable to their perfect develop- ment as that of the British Isles, and, provided seasonable weather could always be depended upon, these islands would be a perfect paradise for the rosarian. Unfortunately, this is far from being the case, as more or less unseason- able weather must be regarded in this country as the rule rather than the exception, and consequently he is kept in a continual state of anxiety as to what unfavourable climatic changes his favourites may next be called upon to encounter. No doubt one reason for these anxieties is due to the fact that most of our cultivated Roses are only halt-hardy plants. A PAYED GARDEN OF ROSES (bEKKSUIEE). oo THE GARDEN. [July 9, 1904. and therefore peculiarly susceptible to all kinds of unfavourable weather influences. Frosts. — These may be divided into two classes — the winter frosts and the spring frosts. Against the former the protection provided cannot well be too complete, whereas very moderate means will mostly be suthcient to ward oif injuries from spring frosts: and yet against the ill efi'ects of these spring frosts there is practically no remedy, unless it be .syringing or spraying the frosted foliage with water very early in the morning in order to thaw it before sunrise. For at that season it is not so much the damage done by the frost itself that has to be guarded against as the sudden thawing of the frozen Jeaves by the sun shining on them. Of course, the reason why spring frosts are so difficult to deal with as compared with winter frosts is that in the one case the plants are clothed with delicate young foliage, whereas in the winter it is only necessary to protect the lower portion of the leafless and well-ripened shoots. Early in December all the dwarf or bush Roses, whether Hybrid Perpetuals, Hybrid Teas, Teas, or Noisettes, &c., should have the surrounding soil in the beds drawn over the centre or crown of the plants to the height of several inches. In other words, they should be earthed up like Potatoes. This earthing up is generally confined to the Teas, but no amateur will regret having given his other tlwarf Eoses this extra attention should the winter prove unusually severe, for there are comparatively few varieties which will be found at pruning time after .^uch a winter with perfectly sound wood even within a few inches of the surface of the beds. Standard Roses are less easily protected. Bracken, cut in September before it has be- come brittle, should be secured to the heads ; or a more effectual protection may be afforded the standard Teas by first drawing the shoots of the plant together and then lightly thatch- ing the head with Straw or Bracken fastened above it to a firm stake, witli one or more ties lower down, as may be necessary to prevent the Straw or Bracken from being blown aside in high winds. Tender wall Roses, such as Marechal Niel, are best protected by fastening over them some fine cotton netting, or by placing Bracken, small sprigs of Fir, or other light evergreens, among the branches. I>7miests. — Against the foregoing and other adverse weather inHuences the Rose grower is to a great extent powerless, whereas insect pests, if attacked with promptness and perseverence, can, as a rule, be readily subdued Ihe great thing is to watch for their appear- ance and at once proceed to destroy the first comers, and when this is done to continue to harass the enemy until the attack has entirely ceased. It is, as a rule, only when any insect pest has been allowed to obtain a firm footing that there need be any ditticulty in gettin-' rid of it. Good culture is a great help, as well nourished and healthy plants do not suffer so much from insect and other attacks as those that are ill-fed and weakly. The only remedy against all the larger insects that attack the Rose, like caterpillars, grubs, beetles, sawfiies, Ac, is hand-picking ; whereas the smaller ones, like green fly, thrips, red spider, &c, may be best kept in check by syringing. Where Roses are largely grown, a knapsack spraying-pump will be found very useful in distributing and spraying insecticides and fungicides. Crrubs and c