UMASS/AMHERST 312066 0333 3075 2 ,Jf^* Y ;: >*^^ -.^f ^ V^^x /' H ^^... 5* ■■'\ii. ./"'.?'"■■ '4, LIBRARY OF THE ^ 1 w MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 1 No..ei9_S_'3_L...DATE__(g_-L9o_(3_. souRCE__CDiie$_fc..-._^U3ada_.. •P^'Ve^ ^j|M The Garden.] [December 30, 1905; The Gabdbn.] [Decbmbbe 30, 1905. Thr Late H. G. Moon. 1 r^'- AN Illustrated Weekly Journal OF Horticulture in all its Branches. Founded by W. Robinson in 1871. VOL. LXVIII. CHRISTMAS, 190^. lo3s:dous^. Office: 20, TAV'ISTOCK STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C, Published by "COUNTRY LIFE," Ltd., 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, W.C, and by GEORGE NEWNES, Ltd., 7-12, Southampton Street, Strand. The Garden.] [December 3o, 1905. (1> TO THE MEMORY OF — HENRY GEORGE MOON THE SIXTY-EIGHTH VOLUME OF "THE GARDEN" Is dedicated. 1 Vol. LXVIII.] [" The Garden," December 30, 1905. INDEX A. Abelia floribunda, 2 Acacia platyptera, 364 Acer pennsylvanicum, 175 Acetyleue gaa refuse, 174, 364 Adenophora Potanini, 71 Alpine flowers, grouping, 37 ; garden, planting, 309 Amaryllis Belladonna, 251 ; major, 309 ; culture of, 67 American blicht, 294 Ampelopsis Veitchii, 309 Andromeda arborea, 266 Anemone King of Scarlets, 170 Anemones on rockery, 19S Angelonia integerrima, 87 Annals of the Little Red House, 4, 63, 104, 153, 269, 288 Annual flowers at Reading, 96 Annuals, 63, 79, 373 ; at home, 124 Antigonon leptopus, 320 Antirrhinums, 179 I Ants in lawn, destroying, 65 Aphyllanthes monspeliensis, 273 Apple Bismarck, 319, 365 ; Charles Roas, 299 ; James Grieve, 292 ; Lady Sudeley, 244; Peasgood'8 Nonsuch, 266; Rival, 282 ; scab, 389 ; Sturmer Pippin, 317 ; trees, vagaries of grafted, 222 ; Warner's King, 260 ; wild, the, 10 Apples, the best, 281, 350 ; long-keeping, 27 ; notes on, 372 ; scab on, 67 ; scabbed, 98 Apricots, 63 Aralia sessiliflorum, 331 Arctotis grandis, 186, 235, 270, 333 Arenaria balearica, 336 ; montana, 836 Ar-istolochia Sipho, VK Artichokes, Globe, 96 Ash tree, a famous, 400 Asparagus, 128, 276 ; culture in summer, 112 ; forcing, 308 Aster, the Golden, 119 ; Perry's Favourite, 260 ; sub-cseruleus, 11, 39 Asters, China, beautiful types of, 285 Aubrietias, &c., 79 Auriculas, 149 Autumn tints, 233 ; Pyrus pinnatiflda, 287 Azaleas, 31 B. Bamboos, 47 ; flowering, 88, 123, 139, 174, 326 Bananas, Barbados, 159 Bank, sloping, covering, 324 Bean, a very distinct, 61 ; French, new, Webb's Hundredfold, 15 ; Runner, golden-leaved, 260 Beans, French, 146, 228 ; in autumn, 146 ; Runner, decorative, 206 ; on hills, 261 Beetroot in autumn, flavour in, 283 Begonia, Count Zeppelin, 331 ; Gloire de Lorraine, 102 Begonias, 180 ; diseased, 114, 245 ; an interesting series of, 69 ; tuberous, 179, 186, 243, 371 ; lifting, 307 ; Ware's, 234 ; winter-flowering, 389 Belladonna Lily, 230 ; Lilies, 273 Berberis virescens, 400 Betonica spicata robusta, 61 Biennials, 95 Bishop's weed, 106, 139, 156 ; on lawn, 66 Black Currant mite, 138, 295 Black Hamburgh Vine outdoors, 382 Bladder Senna, the, 61 BDg garden, the, 6 Border plant, a showy, 11 Bog plant, a new, 87 Bog plants, 230 Border plants, 99 ; good, 59 Brassica, 64 Briars, 308 " British Trees," 180 Broccoli, 32 Broccolis, 372 Brodiceagrandiflora, 64 Bronze-leaf, the, 60 Brussels Sprouts and flavour, 335 Buddleia variabilis magnifica, 161 Bulb sorter's finger nails, 139 Bulbs, 31, 80, 95, 130 ; in glasses, 227 ; hardy spring-tlowering, beautiful ways of planting, 193 ; and seeds to flower in cool, greenhouse in winter, 244 ; in dark, keeping, 389 ; &c., under trees, 231 Bull and Sons, Messrs. William, Chelsea, 277 Bushes, small flowering, 148 Cabbage, 14, 136 ; Sutton's April, 86 Cabbages, 80, 96, 195 Cactus, 307 Cacti, 158 Calanthes, tbe deciduous, 212 Calceolaria integrifolia, 59 ; a new hybrid, 283 Calceolarias, bedding, 189 ; good, 283 ; , three good bedding, 135 Callipsyche aurantiaca, 331 ; Kewensis, 379 Calochorti from Colchester, 23 Camellias, 291 Campanula carpatica. White Star, 124 ; G. F. Wilson, 23 ; pyramidalis, 13, 61, 137 ; pulloides, 23 Campanulas, 47, 3o7 ; &c. , at Ravenscourt Park, 86 Candytuft, Bobbie's White Spiral, 66 Canker, curing a bad case of, 398 Canna King Humbert, 154 ; Niagara, 192 Cannas, 243 Carnation Cecilia In Scotland, 118 ; ex- hibition, a winter, 298 ; the, in the garden. 28 ; Glowworm, 121 ; J. Harvey, 218 ; layers, 243 ; Queen Alexandra, 69 ; seedling. Huntsman, 143 ; Sundridge, 364 ; The President, 378 Carnations, 79, 275 ; all the year round, 366 ; border, 346 ; at Keevil Manor, 138 ; from Messrs. Laing and Mather, 121 ; in winter, 383 ; layering, 44 ; Malmaieon, 4, 13, 26, 127 ; Newbold Revel, 397 ; growing, 60 ; out of doors, 71 ; and Ficotees, new, from Mr. Douglas, 69 ; propagating, 97 ; seedling, 86 ; show, 229 ; tree, 17 ; in the border, 268 ; un- ' satisfactory, 67 ; winter-flowering, 6 ; proposed exhibition, 313, 379 ; yellow border, 314 Carpet plants for bed of Azaleas, 147 Carrots, 80 ; early, 372 ; late, for winter and spring, 80 ; splitting, 278, 358 Carter and Co., Messrs. James, 164 Caryopteris Mastacanthus, 266 Catasetum, 195 Cattleya gigas, 79 ; Iris His Majesty, 240 Cattleyas, 227 Cauliflower, Walcheren, 299 Cauliflowers, 196 ; attacked by grub, 17 Ceanothus azureus, 146 ; Gloire de Ver- sailles, 284 ; Indigo, 267 Celery, 64, 112, 180 ; flavour in, 236 Celosias for pots and borders, 11 Cbama3ropB excelsa in the open, 251 Cherries falling off, 50 ; in pots, 80 ; Morello, 326 Cherry Early Rivers, 400 Chilian Nut, the, 186 Ghionodoxa, 305 Chironia exifera, 363 Chives, 180 Choisya ternata, 3, 237, 284, 287, 298, 301, 353 ; flowering twice, 250 Chrysanthemum, the, 296 ; Blush Beauty, 164 ; early-flowering, Bertie, 166 ; Nor- bet Puvrez, 155 ; exhibitions— where they fail, 350 ; Glitter, 395 ; Goacher's Crimson , 202 ; Japanese, British Empire, 363 ; Ladysmith, 363 ; Mary Richardson, 336 ; maximum Mrs. Charles Lowthian Bell, 296; miniature-flowered Pompon Delight, 347 ; Moneymaker, 347 ; new single, Dora Godfrey, 298; Pompon, J. B. Duvoir, 171 ; Veuve Clicquot, 202 ; seedlings in the parks, Calvat's, 353; Soleil d'Oc- tobre, 315 Chrysanthemums, 111, 163, 195, 246; at Arundel House, Dumfries, 346 ; Batter- sea Park, 331 Chrysanthemums at Brockwell Park, 347 ; Dumfries, 346 ; Finsbury Park, 331 ; Lewisham and Keaton, 359 ; Merstham, 373 ; Oakhurst, Ealing, 363 ; in Ravens- court Park, 314 ; Southwark Park, 299 ; American, at the Paris show, 363 ; early- flowering, 24, 237 ; failing, 82 ; hardy border, 147 ; late-rooted plants of, 219 ; new at Swanley, 403 ; single, for the border, 284 ; two miniature-flowered single, 347 Chrysopsis villosa Kutteri, 119 Cimicifuga racemoSa, 73 Cinerarias, 47, 227 Clay soil, 294 ; plants for, 247 Clematis from cuttings, 149 ; davidiana, 202, 273, 299, 351; failing, 56; heraclere- folia var. davidiana, 332 ; montana, 379 ; why they fail, 6 Clerodendron trichotomum, 171 Climbers for brick wall, 326 Clivias, 158 Cold bouse, plants for, 81 Coleus, the, 172, 261 ; Distinction, 235 Conifers, 47 Convolvulus, or Morning Glory, the blue, 318 ; mauritanicus, 139 Cooling and Sons, Messrs., Bath, 74 Cordyline australis, 398 Corner, a self-planted, 25 Coronitta cappadocica, 3 Cosmos bipinuatns, 383 Costus igneus, 395 Cotoneaster frigida, 200, 267 ; microphylla growing wild in Britain, 171 Cotton Thistle, the, 157 Cowan, Mr. Bernard, 70 Crabs as lawn trees, 176 Crassula coccinea, 127 CratJf^gus punctata, 283 Creepers for fence, 215 Crinum Moorei, 333 Crocus sativus, 298 ; zonatus, 29S Crocuses, autumn, 316 Cucumber, a good, 218 ; a prolific, 270 ; winter, a reliable, 334 Cucumbers, 32, 4S, 96, 259 ; cold frames, 311 ; diseased, 49 ; winter, 324 Cupressus lawsoniana Stewartl, 175 ; macrocarpa lutea, 237 Currant leaves diseased, 16 Currants, Black, diseased, 83 405 ; Red and white, the cuttings, taking, 80 Cyclamen neapolitanum, 309 ; a new, 315 Cyclamens, hardy, 315 ; Pertian, 47, 127 . Cycnoches, 195 Cymbidium, a new, C. Sanderi, 1 ; IHut- toni, 55 Cypripedium bellatulum giganteum, 138 ; caudatum, 14 ; Daisy Barclay, 50 ; fairie- anum, 173, 186 ; godefroyic leucochilum, growing, 295 ; the long lost, 186 Cypripediums, &c., 14, 4S, 324 Cyrtanthua sanguineus glaucophvUus, 240 Dsedalacanthus parvus, 368 Daffodil notes, 396 ; society, the Midland, 396 ; stalks, 252, 364 ; the winter, 3S2 Daffodils, two early-flowering trumpet, 253 ; Leedsi, three new, 336 ; failing, 34 ; for forcing, 299 ; in meadow and lawn, 256, 268 ; at a New Zealand Show, 316 ; the Poets', 255 ; from seed, 253 ; seedling, Mr. Crosfleld's, 256 Dahlia fasciated, 113 ; new Cactus, Zje, 218 Dahlias, 111, 227 ; a new race of, 218 ; decorative, 251 ; failing, 199 ; how to i grow, 33 ; single, 218 Damsons and Filberts, 278 Daphne alpina, 325 Day Lily, a new, 28 Dean, Richard, V.M.H., the late Mr., 134 Delphinium, new, Mrs. J. Bradshaw, 4 ; sulphureum, 119 Delphiniums, 13, 186 ; how to increase, 98 Dendrobium Phalainopsis Miss Louisa I Deane, 305 ; schrbderianum, 307 ; flowering, best, 131 ; Dendrobiums, deciduous and semi- deciduous, 128 ; resting, 374 Desfontainea spinosa, 65 Dianthus Warley, 70 Dimorphotheca aurantiaca, 121 Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, the new, 378 Dodder on Fuchsia, 6 » D'ombrain, the Rev. H. H., death of, 282 Dry banks, plants for, 262 Dutchman's Pipe, the, 176 Earwigs, 114 Eist Stretton Park, 318 Eckford, Mr. Henry, presentation to, 136 , the late, 378 Edgings, 111 Endive, 308 ; growing, 148 Eomecon chionantha, 357 Epilobium obcordatum, 71 Epiphythums, 395 Eremurus himalaicus, 5 Erica multiflora in Italy, 298 Erythrina Crista-galli, 187, 238, 284 Escallonia langleyensis, 23 ; pulverenta, 6* Eschscholtzia and Violet, 114 ; Eucomis punctata, 225 Eucalyptus globulus, 'lOO Euphorbias, 163, 307 F. Fern, a walking, 315 ; the Beech, 353 ;. Male, the, 301 ; the Stag's Horn, 219, 319 Ferns, British, wild sports of. 99 ; treat- ment of, 294 ; Tree, in New Zsaland, 174, 189 Ferula Linki, a graceful foliage plant, 60 Fig trees dropping their fruit , 129 ; pot, 342 Figs, 14, 111 ; against walls, 265 ; shrivel- ling, 82 ; under glass, 275 Flora and Sylva, 2, 129 Florist's Bibliography, the, 187, 204, 220, 236, 252, 254, 311, 327, 364 Forget-me-not, striped, 4 Foxglove, a salmon-coloured, 4 Flower border competition, 378 ; borders at Balholmie, Cargill, N.B., 268 ; garden in winter, a, 297 ; gardens, town front, 122 Flowers, autumn, 209 ; June, in South Devon, 22 ; workers among the, 380 Fraxinella, the white, 73 Freesias, 47, 307 ; culture of, 148 Fromow and Sons, Messrs. W., Chiswick, 360 Fruit, the bottling of, 155 ; crops, the, 117 ; garden, planting, 277 ; growers, confer- ence of, 256, 267 ; help for, 2 ; industry, the, 249 ; planting, preparation for, 217 ; tree acreage, 156 ; planting. 228 ; and vegetables, exhibiting, 286 ; trees, blight on, 34 ; hardy, 308 ; old, renovating, 99 ; planting (prize essay), 323; planting, 347 planting and pruning, 101 ; in pots, 212 ; the summer pruning of, 1 ; trench- ing for, 310 ; wall, replacing, 310 Fuchsias, 17, 145 Garden In London, a beautiful, 171 ; Surrey, a beautiful, 334 ; design, the bwn of, 128 ; planting, 262 Gardens which benefit charities, 137 ; in suburbs, 157 Gardenias, 106 Gakdenino fok Beginnebs— Achillea mongolica, 31 ; The Pearl, 194 ; Aohim'anes, culture of, 210 ; American blight, 268 ; Anemone and Lobelia, 163 ; the Poppy, 338 ; the Wood, 338 ; annual, a beautiful, 30 ; a beautiful blue, 307 ; annuals, hardy, sowing, 95 ; anta, get- ting rid of, 13 ; Aople trees, pruning, 78 ; Apples, fallen, 95 ; gathering, 194 aUf/ VI. INDEX. [" The Garden," Dec.mher SO, 1905. Gardeninq for Beginners— Apricots, 31 ; Asparagus beds, manuring, 416 ; Balearic Sandwort, 13 ; Banana, the, 111 ; beds, some effective, 210 ; Billflower, a cliarming, 63 ; Blaclf- herry hedees, 258 ; B'aclcberries, Ameri- can and English, 268 ; border plants, gmd, 179 ; Briar and Rose seed, sowint;, 307 ; bulb culture In moss fibre, 306 ; forcing apparatus, a simple, 274 ; bulbs ( ir cut flowers, 307, 364 ; in grass, plant- ing, 46 ; after potting. 338; bush fruits, planting and pruning, 322 ; Calceolarias, 110 ; Campanula, Chimney, the, 94 ; Campanulas, some, 12 ; Carnation, Maggot, 402; Tree, cuttings, 178; Carnations, border, some gjod, 94 ; layering, 46, 78 ; from seed, 94 ; and Picotees, 145 ; Carrots, young Horn, 13 ; Cassia corymbosa. 111 ; Cauli- flowers for spring, 127 ; Cemothus, the, as a bush, 210; Chrysanthemum, the wild. 370; cuttings, 386, 402; compost for, 371; mildew on, 194; Chrysanthe- mums, early, 386 ; easily grown, 336 ; for beginners. 402 ; Clematis Jack- mani, a group of, 78; Cockscombs as bedding plants, 194; cold frame, plants in, 416 ; colour in winter, 403 ; Creeping Jenny, 78 ; cropping, (lunble, 13 ; Cucumbers in winter, 163 ; D ff.idils for cutting, 126 ; Dahlia roots, storing, 291 ; Dendrobium devoni- anum, 211 ; digging, 354 ; edging plant, a unique, 95; Erinus alpinus in rough stone steps, 31 ; Eucalyptus globulus, 62; Fern balls, 111; Ferns, haidy, 103; Fig culture in the open air, 63 ; Figs filling to bear freely, 356; fruitful, to make, 370 ; in pots under glass, 370 ; in winter, cuvering, 366 ; flowers, packing, 31 ; Foam Flower, 12 ; forking. 354 ; Foxgloves, 30; Freesias, 94; Rjman Hyacinths, potting, 79 ; fruit tree3, mulching, 13 ; Fuchsia, the, 127 ; Ric- cartoni, 274 ; Fuchsias in the summer garden, 144 ; Galllardias, 30 ; gall mites, 338 ; garden ground, trenching, 226 ; making, 242, 274 ; following the builder, 226 ; Geum cjccineum, 78 ; Gladiolus, the, 227 ; Gooseberry bushes, forming and training, 416 ; early, 416 ; Warring- ton, 387; Gooseberries, cmdon, 338; for dessert, 47; for exhibiiion, 47; greenhouse fires, 269; in winter, 403; Gypsophila panieulata, 162; hedge, a beautiful, 243 ; plants, various, 386 ; hedges, Sweetbriar, 370 ; trimming, 63 ; hoe D. rake, 144 ; Hollyhock, the, 144 ; Honeysuckle, the Bush, 338; Hyacinths, Kjman, 144 ; Ivies, some beautiful, 12 ; for covering walls, 211 ; lavender bushes dying suddenly, 259 ; lawn, manuring the, 338 ; with seeds, making a, 144 ; Let- tuces failing, 307 ; Lily, Scarborough, the, 194 ; Lilies, the, 178 ; Arum, 162 ; in pond, 163; deep and shallow plant- ing, 144 ; easily grown, 30 ; Madonna, 12 ; Lilium auratum, 127 ; Lobelia, a beauii- ful, 30 ; Lobelias, herbaceous, some, 144 ; Mallow, the Rose, 322 ; Maple, the ^ variegated, 402 ; Maidenhair Ferns — -^- in rooms, 402 ; Melon, the Canta- loup, 13; Moth, winter, the, 227; Musk from seeds, 63 ; Nepeta Mussini, 47 ; Olearia Haastii, 19J ; Orohida for beginners, 322; overcrowding, evils of, 290; Pampas grass, 339; Pansy cuttings, taking, 78 ; Pansies, the Violettas, 126 ; piraaite, an interesting, 339; Parsley for winter, 13 ; Peach and vine, the border for, 291 ; Pears, late, some good, 210; Pergola covered with climbers, 144 ; Petunias, 227 ; Phacelia campanu- laris, 307; Pine, Austrian, the, 195; Pink pipings, 30 ; Pinks, 126 ; planting fruit trees, 290 ; plants for lifting, pre- paring, 178 ; Plums, 31 ; Gage, 146 ; two sure bearing, 146; Potato sets, select- ing, 63 ; Potatoes, seed, storinir, 178 ; spraying to prevent disease. 46 ; Primu- las, double Chinese, propagating, 30 ; propagating, 120 ; pruning, root, 242 ; summer, 46 ; Pyrethrum uliginosum, •211 ; PiTelhinms for vase decoration, 12 ; Raspberries, about, 94 ; summer treatment of, 31 ; rockery, bits of, 79 ; room plants, 163 ; plants, good, 110 ; R se Aimii Viberi, 370; the best, 30; cuttings, planting, 210; garden, the, 6i; Limarque, 12; Mine. H. Levavas- sem-. 211 ; Ac, budding, 46, 62 ; Chinese II- monihly, 306 ; climbing, among the 79; gaiden, good, 78; manure for, 194 ; mildew o", 194 ; own root, 162 ; pegging down, 30; Tea, protecting in winter, 370 ; pru ing when plaiting, 370 ; lor town gardens, 02 ; Scarborough Lily, the, 63; S-ikilf. 371 ; shrubs, floweiing, hedges of, 2,i9; summer floweiing, 79; wall, some, 145; and trees, evergreen, traiisplauling, 226 Gardeninq tor Beginners— Snowdrops, planting, 211 ; Spinach, winter, 47, 63 ; Starwort, Sea, 31 ; Strawberries alpine, 291 ; fail to fruit, why, 194 ; planting, 79 ; Sweet Pea, history of the, 12 ; Peas, autumn sown, 12; Williams, 30; Tennis lawn, the, 242 ; Thuja gigantea. 111 ; Tomatoes, cracking. 111 ; defoliating, 63 ; tools, garden, 354 ; town garden, ill a small, 178 ; trees, bare places under, covering, 179 ; to plant under, 178 ; weeping, 47 ; and shrubs, 242 ; moisture loving, 178 ; and plants, tying, 12 ; trenching, 386, 387 ; Tulip tree, the, 31; vegetables, winter, 163; Vine, Increasing the, 403 ; pruning the, 323 ; and Peach, the border for, 291 ; Viola Kitty Bell, 30 ; Violets for frames, 402; picking in winter, 162; walks, good, the importance of, 290 ; useless, 276 ; wall plants of bright colour, 94 ; trees, 31 ; watering in summer, 46 ; plants in rooms in winter, 387 ; weeds on lawn, eradicating, 95 ; in walks and courts, 126 Gas lime, 340 Gentiana asclepiadea, 119 ; eeptemflda, 157 ; verna, 41 Geranium cuttings, 17 ; grevUleanam, 140 Geraniums, 95 Gdsnerads at Kew, 165 Gladiolus French Fleet, 161 ; Lady Inchi- quin, 124 Gladioli, the, 44 ; hybrid, 185 ; new, a raiser of, 86 ; from Ramsgate, 185 ; stor- ing, 388 Glasgow, a new mountain park for, 103 Glaucium flavum tricolor, 6 Gloriosa, a distinct, 250 Gloxinia, a good, 202 G joseberry bushes attacked, 65 Gooseberries, 189, 245 ; the best, 221 ; the gold medal, 120 Gourds, ornamental, 412 Grapes, 246 ; late, 324, 372 ; Muscat, 111 ; mildewed, 67 ; ripe. 111 ; scalded, 113 ; shanking. 114 ; stoneless, artificially pro- duced, 382 Greenhouse, the amateur's, 31, 307 ; cold, plants tor, 262 ; flowers for, 278 ; small, heating, 114 ; vaoorising, 187 Grevillea Banksi, 298 Grove Hall, Retford, S6 Gypsophila repens grandiflcra rosea, 25 H. Habenaria radiata, 154 flarknesa and Co., Messrs., Hitchin, 349 Hawthorns, Weeping. 288 Heath, St. Dabeoc'a, 260 Heaths, late-flowering, 251 Heather, &c., 231 ; seed, sowing, 309 Hedge for wild garden, 199 Hedges, 31 ; evergreen, 166 Heliopsis pitcheriana, 273, 299, 332 ; brevi- ecarpa, 45 Hemerocallis corona, 23 Uepatlca, 97 Herbaceous border, preparing a, 81 Herbal," " John Gerarde's, 129 lierefordshire fruit growers, the, 154 Heuchera sanguioea, 108 Hibiscus coeleste, 171 Hidalgoa Wercklei, 293 Hippeastrums, 80 Holly, the, 329 Horse Chestnuts, a use for, 332 H jrticulture, examination in, 137 Horticultural Club, 54, 264, 328, 392 ; Bow- don Amateur, 251 ; Bast Anglian, 52. 115, 216, 280, 360 ; College, Swanley, 70 Hortus Club, Drumlithie, 216 Hyacinths, Roman, 173, 219 Ujdrangea hortensis, 145; nivalis, 65; panieulata, 218; grandillora, 89 Hydrangeas in pots, 167 Uvpericum moserianum, 146; patulum Heuryl, 187 Hcaia polycarpa, 218 Ilchester, the late Earl of, 378 liex vertlcillata, 266 I licium anisatum in Japan, 189 1 nantophyllums, 158 Impa-iens Holstii, 246; Oliveri at Kew, 218 Incarvillea Delavayi, 71 Institution, Gardeners' Royal Benevolent, annual dinner, 39 Iris, Japanese, by chalk stream, 198; rosenbachiana, 305 ; the white Algerian, 3S1 ; Vartani in London, 362 Irises, 82 ; growing, 277 ; hardy bulbous, 412 ; in turf, 49 Ivy-clad wall, an, 346 ; Mrs. Pollock, Ixora coccinea lucea, 187 Ixoras in flower, 71 Jacobinias, 165 Jaques, Mrs. (obituary) Jasione Jaokse, 71 Jeffrey, Mr. James, 86 Judging, rules for, 378 K. Kale, 64 ; a new, 379 Kalmia latifolia, 400 Kalosanthes, 166 Kelway and Sons, Messrs., Lingport, 340 Kerriajapooica, 6, 73 Killerton, autumn Rises at, 380 Kirkconnell Gardens, 3 Kiiaibelia Lindermutbii, 136, 143 Kniphofla R. Wilson-Ker, 157 Kochia scoparia, 219, 347 ; in America, 333 Kohl Rabi, the value of, 116 li. Laburnum caramanicum, 235 Lajlia elegans, 227 ; pumila, 212 ; purpu- rata, 79 Ltelio-Cattleya elegans var. Noro, 170 Limium maculatum, 60 Lapageria, 291 Larkspur, the Siberian, 61 ; the Syrian, 119 Laurels, 31 Lavender, 248 Law, 376 Lawn in bad condition, 216, 309 ; dressing, a, 99; manuring, 32; plant, new, 87 ; mossy, 293 ; renovating, 65 ; weedy, 83 Leeks, 112, 180 L=gal points, 16, 34, 68, 83. 100, 116, 129, 147, 167, 212, 279, 343, 376, 392 Lespedeza Sieboldii, 331 Lettuce, early Cos, Jttfries' Little Queen, SO, 123 ; non-hearting, for winter, 334 ; Webb's Wonderful, 229. Lettuces, 79, 228 ; summer, some valuable, 14 Lewisia, the genus, 108 Leycesteria forraosa, 145 Libonia floribunda, 396 Ligustrura japonicum, 104 Lilacs, 156 , , . Lilium auratum, 165 ; laaclated, 264 ; in New Zealand, 207 ; Tashiroi, 157 ; oandi- dum diseased, 16, 82; giganteum, 119; Harrisi, 26 ; Henryi, 203, 298; in New Zealand, 267 ; Lowii, 88 ; philippinense, 71 • speciosum, 104 ; and vars., 8 ; sut- chunense, 88 ; Yoshidaii (Hortus Leichtlin), 238 Lily, a new, 88, 238 ; of the Valley at Christmas, 229 ; the Scarborough, 334 Lilies', 8, 104, 291 ; at the Chelsea Show, 76 ; after flowering, 166 ; notes on, 88 ; tiger, propagating, 148 Linaria pallida, 72 Lobelia cardinalis, 170 ; a new, 4 ; tenuior var. rosea, 299 Lodge, the Hoiyport, 221 Loganberry. 247 ; as a climber, the, 64 Lupin, an interesting, 4 ; tree, Snow Queen, 26 Lupins, herbaceous, 4 Lycaste, 342 Lychnis diurna, 33 Lysimachia japonica, 87 M. Magnolia, 273 ; a beautiful, 27 Mandevilla suaveolens, 86 Manure, artiBcial, for vegetable?, 130 ; blood, 66 ; fowl, 83 ; garden, 33 ; sheep, for Roses, 131 Manuring, 340 Marguerite, a blue, 333 Marguerites in the Isle of Wight, 2 Mascarenhasia curnowiana, 187 Masdevallias, 64, 163 Meconopsis racemosa, 384 Melon plants dying off, 81 ; worthy of praise, a, 383 Melons, 14, 96, 259 ; green fly on, 97 Mentzelia ornita, 121 M ertensla marltlma, 341 Merton bequest, the, 117 Mesembryanthemum spectabile, 196 Mexican Orange Flower, the, 3, 301 M Ichauxia Tchihatchefll, 261 Mignonette, 63 ; dyine, 114 ; failing. 214 Milan International Exhibition (1906), 267 Mildew, a cure for, 382 Miltonia vexillaria, 146 Miltonias, 324 ; Brazilian, 227 Mistletoe, grafting, 215; American, 399-, and Holly, 377 Mitraria coccinea, 72 Montbretia aurantiaca, 119 Montbretias, the new, 169, 217 ; some, 186 Moon, H. G., death of, 234 ; the late, 267 Morello Cherries, 63 Mormodes, 195 Mulberry, 198 Mushroom growing, 374 Mushrooms, 276 ; to grow on ridges out side, 150 Mutisia decurrens, 154 N. Narcissus claasifloatlon, 202 ; the classifica- tion of, 249, 286, 303, 315; Lulworth, history of, 70 ; poeticus Homer, 2 ; in rough grass, 357 Narcissi, classification of, 333 Nectarine Improved Downton, 141 ; the Pine-apple, 356 Nectarines and Peaches, 128; early, 276; under glass, 195 Nepenthes, 215 Nerinea, 63 Nicotiana Sanderte, 103, 166, 171, 173, 190, 207, 222 Nigella Miss Jekyll, 86, 125 Nut trees not bearing, 342 Nuts, storing, 199 Nympheeas, 47 Odontoglossum coronarium, 292 ; crispum mundyanum, 93 ; hybrid Smithi, 40 ; Vuylstekeie, new, 352 Odontoglossnms, 64. 179 Old Parsonage Garden, Gresford, notes from the, 8, 160 Olearia gunniana, 103 ; Haaati, 146 Oleander not flowering, 98 Olive culture in Cornwall, 316 Onions, 96, 112, 196, 276 ; for exhibition, 358 Onosma albo-roseum, 73 Orchid, British, a hybrid, 283 Orchids, 32, 243, 260, 356; at Friar Paik, Henleyoii-Thames, 270 ; at Glebelands, 334; growing certain, 49; some Inter- esting, 366 Oncidium varicosum, 212 Osmunda regalis as an edible vegetable, 136 Ostrowskia magnifies, 42, 135, 261 Othonna cheirifolia, 60 Oxera pulchella, 187, 287 ; at Pendell Court, 233 P. Pseonies, 17 ; cutting down, 326 Pseony, "Tree, a notable, 336 Pansies, at Wolverhampton, 54; seedling, 4; the Violetta, propagating, 90; for the rock garden, 398 Pansy, a blue, 283 ; cuttings during winter, 198 ; Tufted, Peace, 171 Papyrus, soil for. 65 Path, a '* sweet," 333 Pardanthus chineusis, 136 Parsley, 14, 64 Parrolia persica, 266 Paul and Sons, Messrs., Cheshunt, 43-, Messrs. William, Waltham Cross, 308 Paved garden, 181 Paxton, the late Sir Joseph, and his native village, 121 Pea a good late. Carter's Michaelmas, 228; haulm diseased, 60, 98, 99; new. Carter's Little Marvel, 32 ; pods, diseased, 130 ; Sutton's Late Queen, 202 Peas 146, 276; diseased, 81; garden, recent, 190; two good, 270, 332, 362; mulching, 32 ; purple, 98 ; and thrips in hot weather, 87 Peach leaves falling, 81 ; infested, 149 ; new. Peregrine, 141, 154, 302 ; Princeis of Wales, 271 ; trees training, 406 Peaches, early, 371; fiiliug, 17; hiw to grow, 196 ; large, 120 ; late, 372 ; and Nectarines, 128 ; early, 276 ; under glass, IS-"" Pear, early. Aspasie Aucourt, 292 ; Beurie Hardy, 219, 303 ; Charles Ernest, 244 ; Dr. Jules Gnyot, 272; leaves, diseasfrt. 17; the Kiefler, 338; Thompson's, 15; unsatisfacLoiy, 81 Pears, early, 350 ; as pergolas, 149 ; plant- ing, 310 ; September, some good, 196 PelaiBoiiium Black Vesuvius, 123; end- licheiiaiium, 125 Pelargonium', 115 ; bedding, some good, 87- the best twelve, 147 ; treatment of, 66 ; winter-flowerine. 314, 365, 383 ; zonal, two of the newer, 134 Pentstemon Newbury Gem, 219 ■" The Gardtn," December SO, 1903.] INDEX. vu. PentstemoDS, 179 Perennial, herbaceous, a new, 87 PerennialB for dry soil, 130 ; planting, 261 Pergola, Rose, a, 289 ; at Kew, 367 Pershore Plum, the, 108, 139 Phalcenopsis, the, 13 ; schilleriana, &c., 372 iPtaarmaceutical deputation, 68 Philadelphus microphyllus, 73 Philageria Veitchii, 23 Phlox Beranger, 118 ; diseased, 33 ; divari- cata var. Laphamii, 5 ; Mrs- E. H. Jen- kins, 299 ; valuable, a, 6 Phloxes, herbaceous, the twelve best, 300 ; perennial, 163 Phyllocactus latifrons, 173 Phytolacca, 277 Pine-apple, treatment of, 166 Pine-apples, 96, 180, 243 Pines, 355 Pinks, 31 Planting, 371 ; fruit tree, preparing for, 302 ; season, the, 265 Plant portraits, recent, 103, 170, 260, 313, 378 Plants and borders, herbaceous, 291 ; for walls, 388 ; hard-wooded, 324 ; mentioned by Shakespeare, 190, 207 ; in tubs, 277 ; winter-flowering, 211 Pleiones, 340 Plum The Czar, 303 ; Early Transparent Gage, 166 ; the Greengage, 271 ; the Jefferson, 108; the Pershore, 108, 139; suckers, 245 ; trees, 16 ; Victoria, 310 f lums at Madresfleld Court, 303 ; notes on, 133 Plumbago culture, 389 Polygonum baldschuanicum, 165 ; on trellis arch, 25 ; compactum, 225 Pond free from scum, keeping, 34 ; making a, 83 Ponds and pools, small, 7 Poplars, 230 -Poppywort, a beautiful, 384 Portugal, a note from, 353 Potato crop, the, 119 ; Eldorado, 156 ; ex- hibition, a, 345 ; experiments, 330 ; leaf- curl, 361 ; top diseased, 49 Potatoes, 112, 12S ; Chancelot, inspection of, 234, 383 ; cooking, 350, 397 ; not de- caying, 300, 332 ; early, 340 ; lifting, 180 ; the newest varieties of, 87 ; treatment of, 32 ; too much alike, 363 Potentilla Tonguei, 167 Prevention of caterpillars on Roses, 17 Primula cashmiriaoa, 341 ; Forbesi, 275 ; kewensis, 171 ; the Chinese, 399 Frizes for gardeners, July, 15, 51 ; July competition awards, 102 ; September, 134, 154 ; September competition awards, 239 ; October, 234, 250 ; October com- petition awards, 330 ; November, 298, 314 ; December, 362, 378 Prizes open to all, 51 ; August, 70, 86, 118 ; August competition awards, 170 ; awards in the flower border competi- tion, 346 Pruning, 340 ; bush fruits, 150 ; fruit trees, the summer, 1 ; Syringa, Wistaria, &o. , 16 Prunus spinosa purpurea, 347 Pyracantha, pruning, 374 Railway station gardens, 136, 137 Rangoon Creeper, the, 71 Raspberry failing, 406 ; Semper Fidelis, a a good late preserving, 49 ; yellow, the guinea, 165 Raspberries, good autumn, 165 Ravenscourt Park, flowers in, 119 ; Ham- mersmith, old English flowers at, 283 Rehmannia, 136 ; angulata, 2, 23 Renanthera coccinea, &c., 96 Rhododendron kamtchaticum, 341 ; summer-flowering, a late, 65 Rhododendrons, 31, 83 ; from cuttings, 49 ; Javanese in flower, 284 ; pure pink, 270 ; unsatisfactory, 357 Rhubarb, 260 Richardia Ecthiopica, 243 ; elliotiana with double spathe, 3 Richardias, 111 Riviera notes, 313 Rock edgings, 3, 72 ; small, 33 ; wall of sandstone, 230 Rodgersia, 60 Romneya Coulteri, 89, 230 ; and white butterflies, 270 Rondeletia (Rrgiera) gratissima, 331 Roots, storing, 356 Royal Gardens, Sandringham, a day in the, 133 Rosa Brunonii, 366 ; flmbriata (Hybrid Rngosa), 91 ; tovigata linner, 264 ; Urr and Dalbeattie, 150 ; Waltou-on-Thames and District Rose, 19 ; West Derby, 132 ; West London Horticultural, 328 ; West of Scotland Rosarian, 72 ; "Windsor and Eton Rose, 19 ; Woolton Gardeners', 279, 312 Solanum giganteum, 379 ; jasminoides, 119 ; out of doors, 287, 332 ; muticum, 251 ; Wendlandii, 170 Sophora, a new, 23 ; viciifolia, 87 Snphronitis grandiflora, 292 Sopley Park, Christchurch, flower show at, 119 South border, flowers for, 262 ; Devon, summer flowers in, 142 I Sowing Rose seed, 374 Sparrows in gardens, 72 I Spigelia marilandics, 71 Spinach 79 ; the Carter, 228 Spindle tree, 266 Spiraea Aitchisoni, 142 ; camtschatica rosea, 203 ; discolor, 104 ; flagelliformis, 22 Staking, 371 Spring flowers, borders of, 257 ; Star- flower, 366 Stapelia, culture of, 278 Stenanthium robuatum, 177 Stenoglottis longifolia, 261 Sternbergia lutea, 382 ; lutea major, 226 Stembergias, the autumn, 398 Strawberry Bedford Champion, 240 ; cul- ture, economical, 173 ; plantations, 228 ; planting, 80 ; Royal Sovereign, 61 Strawberries, 32; diseased, 49; infested with snails, 49 ; new, 48 ; new perpetual, 383 ; planting, 148 ; in pots, 164, 291 ; protecting, 64 Streptocarpus at Aldenham, 299 Styrax japonicum, 73 Suburbs, gardening in, 53 Sub-soils, improving poor, 292 Summer, the passing of, 223, 235 Sunflower, the Willow, 186 Surrey garden, flowers in a, 235 Sussex Heath garden, notes from a, 75 Sutton, Mr. Leonard, presentation to, 18 Swallows, save the, 42 Swanmore Park, 24 Swedes, 14 Sweet Pea buds falling, 113 Sweet Peas, 61, 323, 373 ; about, 297 among the, 10 ; four of this year's, 125 in pots, 16 ; at Mark's Tey, 38 ; new, 3 of 1006, the, 304; Sultans, new, 142 William Sutton's Pink Beauty, 61 Table decoration, hints on, 88 Tagetes, a new, 121 Tamarix Pallasii rosea, 171 Tennis court, about a, 113 ; lawn, 181 Thunbergia natalensis, 155 Tits, the, 167 Tomato, new. Carter's Sunrise, 32 ; dis- eased, 83 ; Toogood's Best of All, 39 ; a valuable, 186 Tomatoes, 138. 164 ; at Wisley, 119 ; dis- eased, 113, 149 ; keeping, 180 ; scalded, 114 ; winter, 48 Tree, the Silver, 405 Trees in London, 233 ; In the Black Country, 379 ; newly-planted, 164 ; and shade, 85 ; and shrubs, 104 ; flowering for forcing, 196 ; lifting and replanting, 323 ; for windy place, 293 Trench, how to, 387 Trenching, 292 ; garden ground, 197 Trentham as a gift, 395 Trichinium Manglesii, 225, 254 Trichopilia fragrans, 372 Tricuspidaria dependens, 363 Tricyrtis hirta, -296 Triteleia uniflora, 365 Tropteolum speciosum, 31 Tuberoses, 357 Tulips, Mariposa, protecting, 114 ; May notes on, 176 ; a trial of, 103 Turnip, winter, a good, 336, 362 Turnips, 14, 64, 180 U. Unsatisfactory Rhododendrons, 357 Uropedium Lindenii, 14 Vaccininm corymbosum, 347 Valleyfleld Gardens, the, 23 Vallota purpurea. 211, 385 Vanda cajrulea, 195, 266 ; teres, 96 Vandas, 276 Vegetable Garden," "The, 128; manuring a, 231 Vegetables, late-planted, 146 Verbena, Sweet, 189, 299 Verbenas at Shirley, 120 Veronica spicata growing wild, 56 Veronicas, 195 A^illage garden competition, a, 54 Vine border, making a, 129 ; decaying, 34 ; leaves, diseased, 16 ; scalded, 99 ; train- ing, 261 Vines, ISO ; early, 212 ; late, 47, 146, 243 ; outdoor, 14, 164 ; pot, 127, 243. 356 ; planting, 336 ; red spider on, 376 ; un- satisfactory, 82 Violas, 111 ; as bedding plants, the value of, 59 ; dying, 373 ; new, from Rothesay, 4 Violet leaves diseased, 149 Violets, 180, 291, 384 ; land for, 60 ; seeding without flowering, 324 Vitis Brandt, 299 ; Romanetti, 67 INDEX. [''The Garden," December ,]0, 1905. W. Wall, old garden, 295 Walla, north, use of, 361 Wallflowers, some new, 266 Warley Place, the gardens of, 120 Wasps, 42 Watercress, growing, 295 Watering, 45 FG. 92, 105, Water Lily, a nev, 192; tanks, making, 359 Webb's Hundredfold, new French Bean, 15 Weed killers, applying, 238 Weedy lawn, S3 Weeds, how to destroy, 16 White and Red Currants, the best, 131 Why Clematises fail, 6 Wild garden, the, 47 ; gardens, 355 Willow tree, io New Zealand, the, 122 Willows, 229 Wineberry, the Japanese, 155 Winter, a flower garden in. 297 ; Cherry, 277 ; flowering Carnations, 379 ; moth, the, 324 ; watering plants in, 387 Wisley, notes from, 2 ; garden, lecture on the, 54 Witsenia corymbDsa, 331 Workers among the flowers, 3S0 Yew hedge, trimming, 130 Yews, protecting, 293 Yucca karlsruhensis, 379 ; gloriosa, 382 Yuccas, in the time of, 85 Zsnobia apeciosa pulverulenta, 23 ILLUSTRATED ARTICLES. Acer Negundo variegatum, 402 Achillea, the Pearl, 194 Adiantum caudatum var. ciliatum, 315 Alexandra Tea or Summer House, the, 63 American blight, 258 Anemone, King of Scarlets {coloured iupi'lem'nt) Antigonon, 320 Apple James Grieve, 292 ; how to prune a side shoot, 78; tree, wild, on the banks of the River Eden, 10 Apples, dessert and cooking, a collection of, 372 Arenaria balearica and A. montana, 330 Aristolochia Sipho on a pergola, 176 Arum Lilies, a field of, in the garden of Mr. H. il. Arderne, Cape Town, 225 Ash, a famous Weeping, 4uO Aster, China, Oitrich Plume, flowers of the, 285 ; sub-csemleus, 11 Banana tree with fruit, 159 Begonia Gloire de Lorraine {coloured supplement) Belladonna Lily, the, in a South Devon garden, 272 Betonica spicata robusta, 01 Border, prize plan of, 413 Buddleia variabilis magnifica, the beauti- ful, 160 Bulbs in grass, planting (diagram), 46 C. Calceolaria integrifolia, the interesting, 59 Campanula carpatica White Star, 124 ; pyramidalis, 137 ; turbinata in a town garden, 179 Canna Niagara, 192 Carnation, how to layer a, 78 Carnations at Newbold Ravel, Tree, 397 Cattleya Iris His Majesty, 240 Centre-piece presented to Mr. Leonard Sutton, IS Challenge cup, silver, 390 Cherry Early Rivers {coloured supplement) ChioQodoxa and Iris rosenbachiana, 304 Chrysanthemum cutting, good, 386 ; bad, 386 ; single, Mary Richardson, 337 ; the wild, 370 Clematis davldlana, 273 ; montana, 379 ; over a pergola, 368 Convolvulus maurltanlcus, 130 Cordyline australis, 39S Cosmos bipinnatuB in a Portugese garden, 353 CriuumMoorei in the Cambridge Botanic Gardens, 333 Cucumbers, three from one joint, 270 Cupressus macrocarpa lutea, 237 Cyathea medullaris in New Zealand, 175 Cymbidium Sinderi {coloured supple- ment) Cypripedium beltatulum giganteum, 13S ; the Biron, 369; fairieanum in flower at Kew, 173 Cyrtanthus sanguineus giaucophyllus, 241 Daffodil Henry Irving, 306 Daffodils at Warley Place, 255 Dean, the late Mr. Richard, 135 Dendrobium devonianum, 211 ; Fhalfenop- sis Mias Louisa Deane, 305 Dessert fruit, collection of , at Shrewsbury, 107 Dianthus Warley {coloured suoplement) Dombrain, the late Rav. H. H., 2S2 Drain, shallow rubble, 386; deep or pipe, 3S6 Dutchman's Pipe, the, on a pergola, 176 E. Eckford, Mr. Henry, the late, 394 Eremurua himalaicus, 5 F. Fern, the Beech, in a Donegal wood, 352; the Stag's Horn at Hightield Gardens, 219 ; tree in New Zealand, the, 175 Ferns, tree, in New Z3aland, 174 Ferula Linki, a noble waterside plant, 60 Flower borders at Bilholmie, Cargill, N.B., 26.S ; garden, recently made with paved paths and Yew hedges, 319 Fraxinella, the white, 73 Fuchsia with Dodder grafted upDn it, 6 ; Riccartoni, spray of, 274 Gall mite, 338 Garden ground, how to trench, 220 Gentians verna, 41 Gladiolus French Fleet, 161 ; Lady Inchi- quin, 125 Gooseberries, cordon, 33S Gooseberry Warrington, 3S7 Gourds, ornamental, as pillar plants. 412 Grapes outdoors at Hammersmith, 382' Gumming, 12 Gypsophila paniculata, 162 H. Hakea saligna, S96 Hawthorn, weeping, at Kew, 288 Heloniopsis breviscarpa {colotired supple- ment) Hemerocallis corona, 29 Hydrangeas in tubs at Cblddingfold, Surrey, 335 Ilchester, the late Earl of, 378 Iris rosenbachiana and Chionodoxa, 304 ; atylosa alba, 3S1 • Incarvillea Delavayl, 71 Lily bulbs showing roots, 144 Lilies, two easily grown in a town garden, 30 ; grouping of, in Miss Willmotfs garden, 77 ; from a small town garden, 290 ; white, in a cottage garden, iriS Lilium auratum, 127 ; Harris! with ten flowers on a stem. 26 ; Yoshidaii, 238 Lupin, Tree, Snow Queen, 25 Lycbois diurna, 33 M. Mallow, the Rose, in a small town garden, 322 Manor House, Milton Bryan, 120 Meconopsis racemosa, 384 Mistletoe, American, 399 Moon, Mr. H. G., the late (Dedication), 267 N. Narcissus Alert. 253 ; Golden Trumpet, 254 ; Siladin (White Ajix), 256 Nectarine Improved Dowuton, fruits of, 141 ; the Piiie-apple, 356 NiCk>tiana Sandenc in tub, 171 Nigella Mias Jekyll, 145 Nymphsca zanzibarenais roaea, 193 Odontoglossum, a beautiful new, 401 ; crispum mundyanum, 93; Yuylstpkese, a remarkable new, 353 Olearia gunniana at foot of wall, 103 Olive tree in Cornwall, an, 317 Ooopordon acanthium in a Worcestershire garden, 157 Orchids, British and exotic, shown by J. Colman, Esq., 113 P. Pseonies, new, four of Kelwaj'a, 340 Pfeany, Tree, at Stanford Bridge, 336 Palms and Tree Ferns in Messrs. W. Bull and Son's nursery, 276 Pansy, blue, from Nice, 283 ; Qaeen of the Year, 126 Parasite, an interesting, 339 Path, a flowery, in spring at Munatead Wood, 257 ; paved, with flowera growing in the crevicea, 318 Pea, Glory of Devon, 190 Peach, Peregrine (colotired supplement); Princess of Wales io Delhorne Hall Gardens, 271 ; tree, a typical fan-trained, 196 ; wall at the L >dge, Holyport, 221 Peaches, &c., exhibited by Leopold de Rjthachlld, Eiq.,93 Pear Baurre Hardy, 303 ; Charles Ernest, 244 ; Thompaon's, 15 Pelargoniums, zonal {coloured supplement) Pereola of Gourds atChiddingfold, Surrey, 335; at the Lodge, Holyport, 222; a Rose, in a Norfolk garden, 289 ; and borders of hardy flowers, 319 Phacelia campanularia, 307 Phloxes, white, in a Kentish garden, 209 Plum, The Czar, 302 ; Early Transparent Gage, 165 ; Jefferson, 109 ; Jefferaon, pot-grown tree of, 109 Pyretbrum uliginosum, 211 R. Raspberry canes, 94 Richardia elliotiana with double spathe, 3 Rock and flower meet, where, 92 ; garden at Warley Place, in the, 76 Romneya Coutteri In a Dublin garden, 89 Room plants, some good, 110 Root pruning, 242, 243 Rosa Brunonii over arches, 3G6 ; lasvigata in the Botanic Gardens, Hong Kong, 206; rugosa repens alba at Cheabunt, the wonderful hedge of, 43 Rose Aglaia as a free-growing bush at Kew, 91 ; Alberic Birbier over an arch, 57 ; Celine Forestier on pergola, 122 ; Cherry Ripe, 224 ; covered shelter at St. Marys Isle, 191 ; the Dandy (H T.) (coloured supplement) ;new David Barnm (H.T.), 349 Rose, the Dawson, in a garden in Kent^ 203; Dean Hole, new (H.T.), 140; Dundee Rambler on old Apple tree, 120 ; Euphroayne" at Kew, 205 ; Fellenberg, 106; Flora over arches, 367; Flora at Kew, 107 ; Fortune's Yellow on a wall, 7; Frau Karl Druachki, 286; white H.P. Frau Karl Druachki at Cheshunt, 45 ; Frau Lilla Rautenstrauch, 208; freak, a, 270 ; garden in the Isle of Wight, a, 90 ; Helene, as a weeping standard, 74 ; Lady Gay (coloured supplement) ; Lady Moyra Beauclerc (Tea), 351 ; Lady Roberts (Tea), 239 ; Leopoldine d'Or- leans, 414 ; Mme. d'Arblay, 74 ; Mme. d'Arblay on an arch, 321 ; Mrs. Cocker, 209 ; Mrs. Edward Mawley, 300 ; Princesse Charles de Ligne (H.T.), 349; Psyche, 235 ; at Kew, 44 ; Reve dOr, at Chiddingfold, Surrey, 334 ; climbing Tea Rambler, at Kew, 27 ; Thalia over arches, 367; onstumpof Sequoiagigantea, 207 ; time at Hitchin, 348 ; Wallflower in a Bath garden, 58 ; Waltbam Bride at Waltham Cross, 28 Roses, bank of, at Avon Castle, 15S ; bud- ding, 62 ; China, in October, 272 S. Saunders, G. S., F.L.S., 3S0 School House, Milton Bryan, 121 Seakale roots, 371 Senecio pulcber in flower at Kew, 187 Shea, Mr. C. E , 75 Shrub, a new, at Kew, 87 Solanum jasminoides in the Barnham Nurseries, Sussex, 287 Sophora viciifolia at Kew, 87 Spirrea Aitchisoni, a spray of, 143 Stenanthium robustum, 177 Strawberry Bedford Champion {coloured supplement); new, Laxton's Bedford- shire Champion, 48 Strawberries, protecting, 64 Sweet Pea Evelyn Byatt {coloured supple- inent) Sweet Sultan (Jarman's strain), 142 Tools, garden, 354 Town garden, a corner of a, 178 Trichioium Mangleaii, 225 Triteleia uniflora in the south of England, 365 Tying with wire and tight shreds, evil - effects of, 12 Yallota purpurea, 385 Yanda satideriana, 414 A'erbena, the Sweet, at Bonchnrcb, 189 Yeronica spicata, 55 Yine eye, 403 ; bow to prune a, 323 Wallflower, varieties of {coloured suppk' ment) Warley, Miss Willmotfs rock garden, 105 Westminster, Her Grace the Ducheaa of, 38 ; His Grace the Duke of, 39 Yucca glorioaa, 382 Snplylemeni to THE GARDEN, July Sf/i, 1905. w .f-^^ CYMBIblUN SANbERl mia^^ia^i^mm^m GARDEN No. 1755.— Vol. LXVIII. July 8, 1905. THE SUMMER PRUNING OF FRUIT TREES. JU L Y is admittedly the best summer month in which to carry out this operation. In the case of Apples in orchards, or in gardens where ample space is available, and where it is desired that the trees should grow into large specimens, summer pruning is perhaps of less importance than it is when considered in relation to trees in smaller gardens, where they have to be restricted to narrower quarters. There are four established and well-known systems of pruning hardy fruit trees, each bearing important relations one to the other — winter, summer, root pruning, and disbudding. Pruning has been described as consisting in removing any part of a tree, either stem, branch, or root, with the object of repressing growth in one direction and directing the course of sap towards other parts of the tree which are better situated and constituted for performing the natural functions. At no other time of the year is it more apparent to the cultivator, whether any of the above systems have been neglected, as at the time of summer pruning when the tree is in full vigour of young growth. Should the tree at this time be expending its energies in tie production of rampant shoots and foliage then it may be concluded that root pruning has been neglected. If the body of the tree is filled with branches so numerous that its centre is made impervious to light and air, then winter pruning has been neglected. The scope of this pruning is specially to thin out overcrowded or ill-placed branches in the body of the tree. In the case of the main branches being overcrowded with wood buds then it is evident that dis- budding has had little or no part in the cultural system adopted. It is only by timely and seasonable attention to each of these methods of pruning that perfect success in hardy fruit culture can be hoped for. When each receives the attention which is its due at the right time, then the art of pruning is very simple, and becomes one of the most enjoyable pleasures the fruit-grower has to pursue. There are two distinct systems of summer pruning, each advocated as the besi by their respective champions, namely, thi spur system and the long shoot one. These [ two ways of summer pruning apply to Apples, Pears, Plums, and Cherries. The long shoot system consists in thinning out superfluous shoots from the main branches of the trees, leaving only as many side shoots as will furnish the tree with bearing wood without overcrowding. These shoots, as well as all the terminal ones, must be left their whole length without any shortening whatever. This system applies more to the Apple and Plum than to the other fruits mentioned. Some very good cultivators declare it to be their conviction, after fully proving both systems, that this one is successful in pro- ducing the finer fruit and better crops. One objection to this system is that by leaving the annual shoots their full length the bottom buds of the shoot (which we believe to be the strongest and best) generally refuse to break into growth the following spring, thus forcing those branches to depend on the weaker terminal buds for the produc- tion of wood and fruit-buds the following year, leaving the base of the shoot barren. This, repeated in each shoot every year, results in the course of time in leaving the body of the tree bare, with the bulk of the fruit at the terminals of the branches only. It may be said that side shoots are encouraged in the body of the tree. This must be admitted ; but they are so much shaded by the terminal growth of the outer branches as, in our experience, to reduce them to little value as fruit producers. The other system, as we have said before, is the spur system, and this is preferable both in the bush and pyramid form of tree, more especially for gardens of limited extent. It consists briefly of having so many main branches to a tree (whether bush or pyramid) from 10 inches to 12 inches apart each way, according to the robustness of growth or otherwise of the tree until it is completely furnished and well balanced with fruitful main branches. By having these main branches thus widely separated abundant space is provided for the admittance of all light and air obtainable in the course of the summer, and without the influence of which in consolidating and ripening the wood it is hopeless to expect fruitful results. Summer pruning under this system consists in stopping the lateral growth which emergfs lut of the main branches at the seventli oi eighth leaf towards the middle or end of July. The object of this is to concentrate the remaining growing force of the tree in strengthening the base of the shoot in order that it may produce in due time stronger and better fruit-buds. Some object to this method, because, without resorting to disbudding in spring, it is apt to produce a plethora of those lateral shoots. This is granted, but by timely attention to dis- budding this objection falls to the ground. The terminal shoots are treated the same as the laterals, only instead of shortening them to seven or eight leaves they are cut back to within 12 inches or 15 inches of their base, according to whether the growth be strong or weak, the weaker being more severely cut. By some this system is considered to be of too restrictive a nature, hampering, as they say, the free development of the trees. All pruning, no doubt, tends in this direction, but when it is considered that a fair-sized tree would contain twenty or more main branches, and that each branch is extended every year 1 foot, making 20 feet for each year, with the added lateral growth to each foot of terminal, the annual extension of the tree is considerable. Apple and other trees of pendent growth, and which are inclined to bear more freely at the ends of the branches, would possibly succeed better under the long shoot system. We hope we have succeeded in making the way clear how to carry out both systems, and would advise those interested to try both methods, and prove to their own satisfaction which renders them the best service. COLOURED PLATE PLATE 1277. M" A NEW CYMBIDIUM (C. SANDERI). K. MICHOLITZ, when exploring for Messrs. Sander and Sons in the Highlands of Cochin China in 1903, discovered this new cool house Orchid, of which he writes : " An altogether wonder- ful and new species of Cymbidium of great oeauty, but very scarce, only a few plants being found, and at long distances apart. The spikes are of great size, many of them being a yard and three-quarters long, and baving several immense flowers each, of a ovely white and rose colour, flushed with a deeper rose-red ; the lip is a most striking feature, being extra large and most THE GAKDEN. [July 8, 1905. charmingly and profusely spotted with crimson purple." Prior to its discovery by Mr. Micholitz, dried flowers of this handsome Cymbidium had been forwarded to the Herbarium of the Museum in Paris, and it was thus that atten- tion was first drawn to it. The interest which it has created led to a search being made and its eventual introduction into this country, shortly after which Messrs. Sander and Sons of St. Albans succeeded in flower- ing a plant from one of their importations, which when exhibited before the Orchid committee of the Royal Horticultural Society on February 14, 1905, received a first-class certificate. The free and vigorous growth apparent in the early flowering of this handsome species proves what a useful Cymbidium has been introduced, and we feel sure that many new and handsome kinds will be obtained by the hybridist in the near future from the influence of this fine plant. Aegutus. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. July 8. — Crystal Palace Rose Show. .July 11. — Royal Horticultural Society's Great Summer Show in the grounds of Chelsea Hospital (three days) ; Wolverhampton Floral Fete (three days) ; Harrow and Saltaire Rose Shows. July 12 — Bath, Formby, Stevenage, and Thorn- ton Heath Rose Shows. July 13. — Chipping Norton, Eltham, Helens- burgh, Potter's Bar, and Woodbridge Rose Shows. July 14 — Ulverston Rose Show. July 15. — Manchester Rose Show. Julv 18. — Royal Horticultural Society's Meet- ing (Carnation and Picotee Show) ; Gloucester (N.R.S. Provincial) Rose Show. July 20. — Halifax and Dunfermline (two days) Rose Shows. July 25.— Tibshelf Rose Show. August Ifi. — Bishop's Storlford Flower Show. August 19. — Sheffield Rose Show. August 23. — Shrewsbury Floral Fete (two days). September 26. — National Rose Society's Autumn Rose Show, Horticultural Hall, West- minster (two days). Bishop's Stoptfopd flower show, which was announced to take place on August 9, is postponed to August 16. Mapgruerites in the Isle of Wight. — Mr. E. Gray, gardener to Mrs. Mori;aii, Woolverton Manor, St. Laurence, Isle of Wight, sends a photograph showing a very fine plant of white Marguerite growing in the M^nor Gardens. " It has been planted hardly three years," writes Mr. Gray." " It is growing almost directly on a large bed of freestone, and f-ices south-west. It was in flower almost the whole of last year, even during the winter, and is now one mass of bloom, and greatly admired by all who see it. The circumference of tHe plant is more than 20 feet. We also have a b >rder filled with plants of Cineraria stellata, which have been in bloom since September, and even now the flowers are so numerous as almost to hide the foliage. They are planted in a position facing east. Help fop fruit groweps.— The report of the Departmental Committee on Fruit Culture presented a few days ago to Parliament shows that fruit culture alone is making progress in the agricultural industry. The following im- portant recommendations of the committee are enumerated : A special sub-department of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries should be established to deal with matters connected with the fruit industry. The suggestion is that there should be two branches of such a sub-department : (a) a bureau of information; (b) an experimental truit farm. Horticulture should be taught in elementary schools in country districts, and such schools should have school gardens attached wherever possible. A large fruit farm should be established in proximity to the experimental farm, where fruit growers and lecturers could receive a practical training. Compensation should be paid on rules laid down by experts to an outgoing tenant of a holding under the Agricultural Holdings Acts on the basis of the value to the incoming tenant. A Bill should should be passed in Parliament for facilitating the purchase of small holdings by tenants with assistance from public funds. The Slate should be empowered to lend money to landowners who have fruit on their estates, for the purpose of supplying the ready-money required for the payment of compensation at the determination of a tenancy. A more simple and uniform system of rates for fruit should be introduced by the railway companies. Building bye- laws in country districts should be modified so as to allow of the cheaper construction of cottages. Napcissus poeticus Homer.— On glancing through the various Daffodil lists now appearing, one notices that the price of this poeticus remains almost stationary, although other new Daffodils of the same class are listed at much lower figures than last year. One reason for this might be if it were slow of increase, but this is not the case, as it increases as rapidly as the rest of the Poets. I prefer to think that it is the beauty of the flower that makes it maintain its price. I grow almost all the Poets Narcissi, bat can hardly say that there is one, even among the very newest of them, that takes my fancy more than Homer when well grown. Large and refined, with firm, well-rounded perianth, and cup deeply edged with crimson, it is a plant that takes a lot of beating, either for exhibition or decoration. — F. Hkbeebt Chapman, Eye. Abelia floribunda. — This Mexican Abelia has been flowering on a low wall in front of the Orchid house at Kew, where many other tender subjects find a congenial home. It is widely dissimilar from the Chinese Abelia rupestris, which, as an outdoor shrub in the neighbourhood of London, is the most valuable member of the genus. Generally speaking, unless in particularly favoured districts, Abelia floribunda must be regarded as a greenhouse rather than a hardy shrub, though where it will succeed out of doors it is, as a rule, more satis- factory than under glass. It forms a freely branched shrub, clothed with small neat leaves, while the long tubular-shaped blossoms are borne in clusters at the ends of the branches. Their colour is a bright magenta-red shade. This species is said to occur in elevated regions in Mexico, but, as above stated, it needs pro- tection in this country. It has been long known here, but owing to its tender nature is rarely seen. Abelia rupestris above alluded to forms a neat-growing twiggy shrub, usually under 3 feet in height, whose slender shoots are clothed with bright shining green leaves. The small funnel-shaped flowers are borne in such profusion at the points of the shoots as to cause them to droop. In colour they are white, shaded with pink. It is a delicate shrub, not at all adapted for holding its own against vigorous growing subjects, but for planting on rockwork or in a border of choice shrubs it is well suited. It possesses the great value of flowering nearly throughout the summer months. — H. P. Rehmannia angulata.— I have met with this many times of late, and growing under different conditions ; but nowhere has it made such an impression on me as in No. 4 greenhouse at Kew, where there is just now a fine group of it in flower, the tallest specimens being quite 4 feet in height. Seen in a mass as it is there, this Rehmannia forms not only a very striking feature, but a most distinct one, as I know nothing with which it can be for one moment confounded, the large Bignonia-like rosy purple flowers at once arresting attention. It is, as is now fairly well known to most readers of The Garden, one of Messrs. Veitch's introductions from Central China, through the medium of their collector Mr. E. H. Wilson, who, after a long sojourn in that comparatively unknown region, is back once more in this country. This Rehmannia is strictly a perennial, and though it may prove hardy in especially favoured districts, it is as a greenhouse plant that its claims through- out the greater part of England will have to be considered. It is of easy culture, succeeding well in ordinary potting compost, the principal care being to see that it gets a free circulation of air, otherwise a weak and attenuated growth, with pale tinted blossoms, will be the result. The length of time over which the flowering season extends is also another point considerably in its favour. — H. P. Notes from Wisley.— Therewas recently in full bloom a large and handsome specimen of Halesia, or the Snowdrop Tree, in the Wisley Gardens. It is, unfortunately, planted in a some- what secluded position, and unless specially pointed out many visitors may fail to see it. This is one of the most beautiful of shrubs or trees, and merits a trial in every garden where flower- ing shrubs are appreciated. There is elsewhere on a raised bank a fine specimen of the Umbrella Pine ; but it seems as if it had seen its best days, as this Pine, like so many others, very handsome in youth, gets rather thin and shabby with age. Nymphseas are blooming very freely. In too many cases these Nymphisas, having for root run too much good soil, produce leafage out of all proportion to the flowers. At Wiiley matters are well equalised, for whilst leafage is good, flowers are both very fine and abundant. It is hoped that some of the deeper coloured varieties may soon find a place in the ponds there. Paeoniea have been, and are yet, a fine feature. These hardy plants seem very much at home in the deep sand of Wisley, the blooms being very rich in colour. Many visitors will prefer to select varieties for their gardens from growing plants as seen here, rather than from cut flowers at shows. There will be in the autumn a fine show of Cactus Dahlias, the plants have ample room, and like the soil admirably. A large collection of bedding or Tufted Pansies will enable visitors to make selections of the best for their respective purposes. Generally the plants are blooming profusely. Fern lovers will find in the gardens much to interest them, for these plants are just now in lovely leafage. There are extensive trials of edible Peas and Potatoo, and in one of the houses Carter's Surprise Tomato is, indeed, a surprise — a really splendid variety and cropper. Flora and Sylva. — The June number of Mr. Robinson's beautiful monthly periodical is, as usual, replete with interest. It opens with extracts and comments thereon from Mr. Mervyn Macart- ney's thoughtful and welcome piper on " Garden Architecture," read before the Royal Institution of Biitish Architects. The series of articles con- cerning the greater trees of the Northern Forest is continued ; the subject is the Hornbeam, with a beautiful reproduction of Mr. Moon's picture "Pollarded Hornbeam." Mr. Bean describes the Chinese Rlododendrons, and Mr. Fitzherbert " Acacias in the South-west." There are many ilustralions, but the coloured plates are the chief charm of the paper. The two for June are Cymbidium Parishii Sinderse and Rhododendron Augustinii and its white form. All garden- lovers should subscribe to this beautiful publi- cation. JfLY 8, 1905,1 TOE GARDEN. A beautiful single Rose.— The in- teresting notes on " Early Roses" in The Garden of the 17th ult. contain a favourable reference as regards earliness to the pretty Rose known gene- rally as Rosa altaiea, bat considered by I he Kew authorities to be a form of R spinoaiFsima. It is a beautiful single Rose, which I admired pome years before I grew it, and which more familiar acquaintance leads me to view with still greater favour. It has creamy-white Bowers, larger than those of our Burnet Rose, and is aliogether bolder than that plant. With me it blooms at the same time as R. alpina var. Malyi, a brilliantly- coloured, almost crimson Rose, with which it contrasts well in colour. — S. Aknott, Suwymead, Dumfries. Rock edgings, — There are few edgings so satisfactory as rock edgings covered with suitable plants, none so interesting at all times, or more beautiful at certain seasons. The stones need not be elaborate, as the plants will soon cover them and will take away any bareness or roughness they may show at first. There is prac- tically no limit to the number of plants available, so that one need not enlarge on this point ; but I should like to eay how necessary it is to make the paths broad enough at first to permit of the plants trailing over the edgings to some extent without unduly narrowing the footway. Unless this is done the paths will become too narrow, or the plants must be cut hard back, a practice inju- rious to the beauty of many of those most suited for covering such edgings. As an example of plants requiring good space for development, I may mention Iberis correjefolia. — S. Arnott, Sunny- ni'.ad, Dumjiies, Scotland. An uncommon shrub.— Among the more uncommon shrubs at, the Temple show were some well-flowered branches of Tricuspidaria dependens, also known as T. hexapetala and Crinodendron hookerianum. It is a native of the low valleys of Chili and Valdivia, where it is said to reach a height of 10 feet or more, but under cultivation it will flower freely when not more than 3 feet high. The usual habit of this Tricuspidaria is to form a freely branched shrub, clothed with dark green leaves, particularly harsh in texture, about 3 inches long, and wrinkled at the edges. The flowers, unlike those of any other of our shrubs, are of a globular urn-shape, and hang suspended on long stalks. They are a bright crimson colour, and owing to their thick texture remain in beauty a consider- able time. The buds, too, scarcely les'i attractive than the expanded blossoms, take a long while to develop. Like many other plants from the same district, this Tricuspidaria needs a liberal amount of atmospheric moisture, hence in such districts as parts of Devon and Cornwall it is quite at home, while Lord Annesley speaks highly of it at Castlewellan. A fairly moist soil containing a good proportion of peat peems to suit it best. It was introduced by Messrs. Veiteh, who first distributed it a little over twenty years ago. It strikes root more readily than its harsh nature would suggest. — T. The Mexican Orange Flower.— This handsome evergreen shrub (Choisya ternata) is still considered a tender plant, many giving it the protection of a greenhouse even in mild localities. This I found to be the case here six years ago. Three pot plants were in the green- house presenting a standard appearance, and branchless for a considerable distance above the pots. My impression was that given suitable surroundings the Choisya would bear this climate well, even as a bush plant. Selecting a spot well sheltered from north and east wind, with full exposure to the sun, I hatl one planted as an experiment, and the result has more than fulfilled my expectations. From this starvfd-looking specimen we have at the present day a beautiful shrub 4 feet 6 inches high, and the same in diameter, covered with fragrant blossoms, its deep green, glossy leaves contrasting with the i pure whiteness of its flowers. It is growing on a grassy border planted in ordinary garden foil, and except that the grass is kept down round its base for a distance of 2 feet it receives no other care or attention. The other two plants men- tioned were planted oat two years later than the first, and are consequently smaller, but both are in a flourishing condition, and promise to take as kindly to this Scottish garden border as to the warm hill-ides of Mexico. One plant has a northern exposure, the other an eastern. Both are well sheltered (but not overshadowed) by adjacent trees and shrubs from cutting winds, which are more harmful to them than many degrees of frost. — J. .Teffret, The Gardens, St. Mary's Ink, Kirkcudbriyht. New Sweet Peas.— The Rev. Divid R. Williammn writes to us as follows from Kirk- mxiden Manse, Wiglonshire, N B , on May 22 : "I have just rpceived from Mr. Wdliam Cuthbert- son (Messrs. Djbbie's Nurseriei, Marks Tey, in Essex), some very fiue flowers of the new Eckfordian Sweet Paa which bears my name. Mr. Cuthbertson, who may be regarded as a Sweet Pea expert, describes this special variety as being 'very distinct and fine.' Mr. Et^kford has characterised its colour as indigo blue, but I think that deep violet would be an even more expressive description. Assf^ciated in bouquets with Scarlet Gem and Sadie Burpee, its effect is very beautiful. It should be grown in associa- tion with colours of this character for artistic effect. Mr. Cuthbertson has also kindly sent to me for inspection exquisite blooms of Gladys RIOHARDIA ILUOTIANA WITH DOUBLE SPATIIE. Unwin, which is splendid for decoration ; Romoli) Piazzini (Eokford), a distinct advance on Captivation and Admiration types ; Annie Stark, a very sweet variety : Scarlet Gem (Eokford), ihe finest introduction of its own richly eff-ctive colour ; Florence Molyneux and Mrs. H. K Barnes, very charming creations of Messrs. Dobbie and Co. ; Jessie Cathbertpon, also raised by this eminent firm, probably the finest existing striped flower; and Black Michael, whose colour has been described by Mr. Eokford as 'a bright, shining, reddish maroon.' " Coronilla cappadoeiea. — At the present lime this is one of the prettiest plants in the garden. The repeated change in nomencla- ture which plants undergo is extremely trjing to the ordinary gardener, who has little time to keep pace with such alterations. Here, however, the change fif the geographical ppecific name, wh'ch was formerly iberici, is really helpful, because this latter term was ambiguous. Nicholson's " Dictionary of Gardening " relers to the plmt as a native of Iberia, which do-s not explain matters, because it is as applicible to the nnrth-east of Spain, the bisin of the Iberus or Ebro, as to the country between the Black and Ihe Caspian Seas. By its present name, as given in the "Kew Hand List," we know without hefitation that it is a native of Asia -Minor. My plant came to me as a small-rooted cutting a few years back from the Bath Botanic Garden. I had previously grown it, but had lost it during an unusually wet ppring. A dry hank or a well- drained li'dge in the rock garden suits it to per- fection. Stagnant moisture it cannot stand, and this should be guarded against in consequence. Eich umbel or bead consists of seven to eight flowers, which are bright yellow, the upper part of each being faintly veined with brown. There are from nine to eleven leaflets on each stalk, and these are of a glaucous green and slightly hairy. The whole plant is prostrate, and forms a most charming object, lasting in flower over a con- siderable period. Propagation is most easily efftcted if seed is ripened, but if a few of the stems be pegged down at ones, and some light compost placed over them and watered occasion- ally, they will root in about a couple of months. It is apparently hopeless to try and move a large plant. Some of the Coronillas are so weedy that I ouaht to say that this species is not so ; indeed, it is a most beautiful and desirable hardy plant. — Arthuei Goodwin, Kidderminster. Richardia elllotiana with double spathe. — I send you photographs of Richardia elliotiana with a double tpathe. The plant has only one leaf, the other havini» formed the large outer spathe, which was wholly of a yellow colour, the only traces of green being in the veins at the back of the spathe. The dimensions of the spathes were as follows : Outer spathe— Length, 9J inches ; width, 6| inches. Inner spathe — Length, 5 inches ; width, 4^ inches. The plant has since borne a small normal spathe. The photographs are by Mr. S. J. Bvtchelder, lecturer on botany at the Ipswich Higher Grade School, who submitted examples to the last meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society's scientific committee.— E. G. Creek, Weslerfidd House Gardens, Ipswich. [We reproduce one of the photographs with pleasure. — Ed ] Fruit prospects in Scotland.— Within the past week or two the Scottish fruit crop prospects have taken a decided turn for the worFc, this being caused by a recurrence of the drought experienced earlier in .June, but which it wasthoughthadpassedaway. Brilliantsunshin© and drying winds, with intense hear, have been very injurious to the prospects of a good crop, and from almost every district the same unsatis- factory reports come. Strawberries are, in most places, an exception, but in some districts they have been injured also. Kirkconnell Gardens.— The interest- ing old mansion and gardens of Kirkconnell, Newabbey, N.B , the seat of Colonel Maxwell- Witham, C.M.G., were visited on the 24th ult. by a number of the members of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, accompanied by their president, Mr. G. F. Scott-Elliot. The gardens contain a remark- ably interesting collection of herbaceous plants and shrubs, which were studied with much interest by the botanists and flower-lovers of the party. Only a few of the old Roses for which the garden is noted were in full bloom, but a number of other things were much admired. Notable among these were the fine named Delphiniums, the large bushes of Kalmia. latifolia (not often seen so large), Cypripedium spectabile, the Kilmarnock variety of Orchis latifolia, the fine variety of the single Martagon Lily which is cultivated here, and which has been in these gardens for many years, with a great number of the newest herbaceous plants. On the garden wall Asplenium septentrionale was- an object of interest to botanists, while the arboriculturists of the p.arty were much delighted with the noble Spanith Chestnuts in the park. Before returning homeward Colonel Maxwell- Witham, Miss Maxwell- Withatn, and Mr. R. Maxwell- Witham were warmly thanked on the. motion of the president. THE GARDEN. [July 8, 1905. A New Lobelia.— The charming Lobelia tenuior, with ils bright cobalt blue blosBoms, has made great headway ia popular favour within the last few years, and now at least one wsll- maiked variety has appeared. This is Lobelia tenuior rosea, whose bloseoius are of a rosy tint, as indicated by the varietal name. It was recently given an award of merit by the Royal Horticultural Society, and though decidedly leas showy than the type, it furnishes a pleasing variation therefrom. IJesides this, with a break once obtained, we shall doubtless see a wider range of colour before long, though whether any of them will prove equal to the typicil form is at least a matter for doubt. — H. P. THE EDITOR'S TABLE. WE invite our readers to send us anything of special beauty and interest for our table, as by this means many rare and interesti ng plants becom e more widely known. We hope, too, that a short cultural note will accompany the flower, so as to make a notice of it more instructive to those who may wish to grow it. We welcome anything from the garden, whether fruit, tree, shrub, Orchid, or hardy flower, and they should be addressed to The Editor, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Hkreaceods Lupins. We have received a collection of these flowers in many pretty shadps of colour from Mr. T. Smith, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry. Among them were L. nutkanus bicolor, blue and white ; L. n. Beauty, pale lilac ; L. polyphyllus albus ; L. p. bicolor, blue and white ; L. p. azureus, rich blue ; and Distinction, deep purple. Several forma of the Tree Lupin in lilac, yellow, sulphur, and white were also sent. Sekdlinq Carnation Flowers. Mr. A. M. Andre, Blairhoyle, Port of Monteith, sends flowers of a seedling Cirnation. A very prettily striped flower, but not worthy of a varietal name. Excellent flowers can be raised from seed sown from the best strains. A Hakdsome Milfoil (Achillea linoclata VAR. BUGLOSSIS). Messrs. Bunyard and Co., Limited, Maidstone, send flowers of this handsome Milfoil. Its flower clusters are white and very showy. SwiET Peas. Mrs. Forbes, The Tilburstow Lodge, South Godstone, Surrey, sends a charming variety of Sweet Pea flowers, gathered from plants raised from seed sown last autumn in the kitchen garden. Our correspondent writes that the plants have been in bloom for quite ten days. An Interesting Lupin. Lord Medwaj' sends a fine form of Lupinus Dootkatensis, a native of North- Western America. A form closely resembling it is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 21.36, under the name of L. nootkatensis var. fruticosus. This species is a somewhat variable one, the colours varying from blue, purple, and yellow to white. The uppermost flowers are usually paler in colour than the lower, either yellow or white. Seedling Pansies. From Ardross, Hill Top, Fannal, ind Leeds, Mrs. A. Campbell sends some very pretty seedling Pansies, and asks if any are worth naming. There are so many beautiful unnamed seedlings that we doubt if any of them are. That marked No. 1, purple, with the lower part of the flower orange brown, might be worth a name when you have fixed it so as to get it true. Our correspondent continues: "I also send a bunch of about twelve distinct varieties, self sown from an isolated plant. You will see, although quite distinct, the family likeness is very marked." Striped Forget-me not. We have received from Mrs. Smith, Ascog, Bute, N.B , flowers of a striped Forget-me-not, but the striped form of Myosotis sylvalica is not unknown or unusual in gardens. It is not, how- ever, so much grown as the self-coloured forma. A Salmon-colodbid Foxglove. From Logan, Stranraer, N.B , Mr. Kenneth McDouall writes : " I am sending you a few flowers of a salmon-coloured Foxglove, which I think may ba a new seedling variety. I got the seeds from a wild plant of the same colour two years ago, a few of the seedlings only have come true to colour, the rest being of the ordinary pink and while colours. I have never seen this colour before in Foxgloves, and should be glad to know if it is a new variety. [We have never seen this shade of colour in a Foxglove, and believe it to be a distinct variety. We doubt, however, whether it would prove effective in the wild garden. Save it carefully, and exhibit it at a meeting of the Royal Horti- cultural Society. — Ed ] PAK8IES AND MaLMAISON CaENATIONS. From Wern Danlzey, Paignton, Mr. James Petherbridge sends some pretty seedling Pansies and two Malmaison Carnations, both of which are seedlings from the white one; Nell Gwynne is a bright rose colour and the other orange buff, both, we should think, are well worth taking care of. The former has a strong clove fragrance, the latter is not scented. Mr. Pether- bridge has another plant of the same parentage still to flower, and hopes for a while one. We should like to hear whether the flowers sent were obtained by intetcropsing Nell Gwynne Mal- maison with another Malmaison variety, or with a tree or border Carnation. Pink Elder and Campanula persicifolia. I send flowers of the pink variety of Sambucus nigra. It is very effective at this season, and yet I have not met with it in other gardens except once. I also Eend a large variety of Campanula persicifolia flowers, very large, light blue, full of flower-stems 3 feet high or more. [Very fine indeed. — Ed.] I had Backhouse's large white, and mine may be a seedling from that plant reverting to the blue type. T. H. Archer Hind. Coombefiihacre, South Devon,, New Violas from Rothesay. A delightful gathering of these beautiful flowers has been sent by Messrs. Dobbie and Co., a firm that has done and is still doing so much to improve this beautiful and popular flower. With regard to culture, Violas or Tufted Pansies will grow — and grow well — in any good ordinary garden soil which has been enriched with manure. They are not particular as to situation, provided they are planted out early and get thoroughly established before the warm weather sets in. Autumn planting is largely practised in England, and with very good results. Of new roots raised and sent out by the firm in ItWiJ, the following are well worthy of mention : Lizz:e Slorer, glossy black under petals, each tipped with lavender, upper petals clear lavender, a large and improved Mrs. T. W. R. Juhnatooe; Robert McKellar, richest crimson-violet, marbled with rosy violet and lavender, an improvement on General Hunter ; Lady Grant, large white centre, slightly rayed and edged bluish purple ; John Cunningham, soft rose ground, striped with purple and maroon, upper petals a shade lighter thau lower ones, of grand form and fuhstance ; one ot the finest striped varieties, Effig, pure white, belted with violet and purple; a great improvement on Butterfly, Crieffie Smith, dense glossy blue, black under petals shading off to lavender at the edges, upper petals lavender, distinct eje and white brows; Mrs. Lindsay, creamy-white flower, edged heliotrope, grand for exhibition. Of 190i varieties specially good are: William Hunulton, bright purple, beautifully streaked wiih rose; Robert Menzies, crimson- purple, slightly marbled lavender on upper petals; Maggie Clunas, large pure primrose self ; Miss E. Fulton, white ground pplashed and marbled purple and maroon, with flush of bron2« over all, bright golden yellow eye ; Miss Anna Callan, pale lavender ; Mrs. J. Johnstone, dark rosy purple shading to rose-pink, upper petals rose. Among the general collection of older flowers are also some grand varieties. The New Delphinium Mrs J. Bbadshaw. Mr. Bradshaw, The Grange, Southgate, sends flowers of this beautiful new Delphinium, which, it may be remembered, received an award of merit from the Royal Horticultural Society last year. It is a flower of beautiful colouring, the outer florets of a clear sky-blue, and the inner ones of the same shade, but with a very broad band of soft lilac-mauve. The individual flower is very large, but not coarse, and the stem upright and lined with bloom. Mr. Bradshaw writes : " This year the plant has eight main spikes, with many side branches. It is an extremely robust grower, though not rank, as the plant does not exceed 5 teer, in height from the base to the top of the spike." THE ANNALS OF THE LITTLE RED HOUSE.— VI. Work seems to be never ending in a new place, and one undertaking leads to another. During our work at the pergola our attention was constantly directed to the state of the little orchard, and we soon saw that here, too, would be occupation for some time. Altogether there were a sturdy lot of trees just showing a fair crop of fruit, but among them were some evidently past their prime. The life of the Apple tree is much shorter than that of the Pear, and young trees bear better than really old ones. Some were therefore marked to be cut down in the winter. The boughs of all the trees were thickly covered with lichen, particularly, of course, on the weather side. This was due to overcrowding, for, when the branches overlap, air cannot reach the trees as it should. There was also a quantity of dead wood, and American bug, too, had taken possession to a certain extent. Steps were immediately adopted to exterminate this pest, which, if not stopped in time, spreads with fatal rapidity. Some people will tell you neither this nor the lichen does appreciable harm to your trees, but this is a mistake. Careless gardening is bad gardening, and nothing of this sort should be neglected. A little paraffin put on with a brush soon got rid of the American bug, and the lichen was scraped off the boughs of the trees very carefully with a little scraping tool with a long handle, invented by ourselves. There were a few u.seles3 Pears of the kind so often found in old orchards. I fancy they were used for making Perry, but, as they were not even good enough for stewing, they were con- demned. The villagers knew the names of July 8, 1905.] THE GARDEN. most of the Apples, and we were glad to believe we had Ribstons, Sturmers, Golden Pippins, and Blenheim Oranges. When we tested the truth of this in the autumn we labelled each tree, and those wa did not know were named for us from specimen fruits sent to the Royal Horticultural Saciety, an advantage given to Fellowi. We managed to get the orchard into better order, and then suddenly it dawned on us that the next thing was to provide a proper fruit room Ijefore the Apple harvest begin. I propose in a future article to relate how we did this. There was a Filbert walk encircling the orchards, and these trees, too, had been neglected in the matter of pruning, and when this was attended to we never failed in our crop of Kentish Cob Nuts. The May frost has only spared our Walnuts once. It was strange in so old a garden there should bo no Mulberry trees, or Qaiace, or Medlar — ^all things beloved by bygone generations. We planted the two former, but made a mistake and planted the Mulberry tree in the autumn instead of the spring, and it died after a few months, not being settled before the first frosts of winter. I bslieve the Quince should be placed as near the water as possible. There was a nice piece of south wall, but rather low ; thii we raised by a few courses of bricks, and against it we planted two Peaches— Rivers' Early York and Noblesse, and two Nectarines — Elruge and Pitmaston Orange, and on an east walk we put an Apricot which this year has a good crop of fruit on it, but I always think that it is a toss up, if you grow Nectarines and Apricots out of doors, whether you or the insects get the fruit. The Peaches seem self-protecting. Cherries on a wall are always satisfactory, for they generally fruit well, and you can protect them from the birds. We planted Early Rivers', May Duke, and Bigarreau Napoleon. On the north side we put some Morellos, but if these are planted in a south aspect and allowed to hang they give you delicious dessert fruit in late autumn. Here we put, too, some White Currants for a supply after the bush Currants have gone. On various bits of paling and wall we put a selection of dessert Plums — Transparent Gage, McLaughlin's Early Prolific (Rivers'), Jeffer- son, and Coe's Golden Drop, which have all done extremely well, and, being on a wall, we can protect them from frosts by coverings on rollers hooked on to laths above each tree. There was not a Gooseberry in the garden, and we had a large choice of modern varieties, but we insisted on some of the good old Lancashire sorts that have, I am sure, never been bettered— Whinham'i Industry, Lancashire Lad, and Crown Bob ; for large red sorts, Pitmaston Greengage, Red Champagne, and Yellow Champagne for quality, Early Sulphur for earliness, and Rough Red for jam. Keepsake, too, must not be omitted ; it is a delicious fruit. The Lancashire sorts are apt to sprawl on the ground unless carefully trained, and must be supported on stakes if they carry any weight of fruit. with the type is in the petals, which are rounded at the apex instead of being notched. It is also somewhat more hairy, resembling in this respect the closely allied P. pilosa. P. divaricita as a whole is a very variable ppecies, which mav be accounted for by the wide range it enjoys. It is found in damp, open woods from Western Cmada and New York to Florida and Arkansas. The typical form has lavender-coloured flowers, with emarginate petals, and is figured in the Botanical Magazine at t. 163, having been introduced into cultivation in the year 174:6 In " Sweet's British Flower Garden," t. 221, a slightly smaller form is figured under the name of P. canadensis, but which cannot well be s•^pa^ated from the type, and it would be better to drop the name P. canadensis altogether. The two only repre- sent extreme forms of the same plant, which might be selected from one batch of plants, and cultivation or local conditions undoubtedly play an important part in producing variations. P. divaricatavar. Laphamii obtained an award of merit at the Temple Show, and a bed of it at Kew is now, in the second week of Jane, in fine condition and very effective. Kew. W. I. EREMURUS HIMALAI- CUS. The Eremurus himalaious shown in the illustration has been five years in the open border with only a slight protection of Bracken in the winter, and has never failed to flower. This year the spikes are over 7 feet high. The garden is over 750 feet above sea- level. Phormium tenax is flower- ing at this altitude. (Mrs. ) CoLTMAN Rogers. Stallage Pari:, Brampton Bryan. EBEMUBUS HIMALAICDS. As my space is limited, a few words on Currants must be deferred to the next article. Augusta de Lacy Lacy. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS. A VALUABLE PHLOX. PHLOX DIVARICATA VAR. LAP- HAMII, a handsome variety of the well-known P. divaricita, or, as it is often called, the Canadian Phlox, was shown in excellent condition by Mr. Amos Perry of Winohmore Hill at recent meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society and at the Temple Show under the name of P. canadensis Perry's variety. It is more robust than the type, reaching a height of 18 inches to 20 inches, with larger and deeper- coloured flowers, and comes into bloom nearly a month later. Its chief diB'erenoe when compared THE BOG GARDEN. The bog garden is at all times interesting, but more especially at this period of the year. A few days ago, when visiting the beautiful bog garden of F. W. Harmer, E«q., at Cringleford, near Norwich, I was delighted to flnd the Cypripedium specla- bile in all its glory. Here the plants grow to the height of 3 feet or more, with strong, healthy foliage, and bearing in most instances two flowers on each stem. Close to these I noticed a large clump of Orchis foliosa bearing twenty-seven fine spikes of its handsome rosy purple blossoms— a sight not soon to be forgotten. Primula japonica is also here by the thousand growing as vigorously as Cabbages, throwing up flower-stems 2 feet or more in height, and unfolding tier after tier of its beautiful crimson blossoms. This is an excellent bog plant, thriving anvwhere and sowing itself freely. •' T. B. Field. GLAUCIUM FLAVUM TRICOLOR. Although this fine plant has the foliage and the seed-pods of the Horned Poppy of our seacoasts, Glauoium flavum, commonly called G. luteum, it is so distinct and striking when in bloom that few would consider it only a form of that pretty native plant. One is perfectly safe in calling the colour "striking," seeing that it is well described as having orange and mahogany-red flowers, which distinguish it sufficiently from the pallid, THE GARDEN, [July 8, 1905. yet beautiful light yellow of those of G. flavum. It is as yet a comparative novelty, aud is seen in very few gardens. There is a plant of it in the garden of Colonel Maxwell-Withara, Kirkoonnell, Kircud- brightshire, where it is at present in bloom, after flowering for a considerable time. It was introduced from Asia Minor, and is recorded in the "Kew Bulletin Appendix of New Garden Plants " of the year 1900 under the name of G. luteum tricolor. It will probably thrive in almost any soil, and is grown in the borders at Kirkconnell. It is a mistake to suppose that our native G. flavum likes a diy, sandy soil, as many think from finding it in such. The roots extend deep down and into the moister subsoil generally to be found beneath the dry stratum of sand on the surface. Seeds of G. f. tricolor are obtainable from some seedsmen. S. Arnott. Sunnymead, Dumfries, Scotland. CORRESPONDENCE. (The Editor is not responsible for the opinions expressed by correspondents. J KERRIA JAPONICA. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] SI R , — Your correspondent (page 356) seems to have complet'^Iy overlooked Loudon's remarks concerning this Kerria, for he asserts that the double form is not mentioned by that authority. In justice to that wonder- ful man I am induced to quote an extract from "The Trees and Shrubs of Great Britain": " Kerria japonica. A deciduous shrub. Japan. Height3feet toSfeet. Introduced in 1835 Flowers yellow, March to June, and often all ihe summer. Kerria japonica fiore plena. Flowers double. Introduced in 1700, and in very general culture in British gardens. . . . The single-flowered variety was, until 1835, only known through a solitary specimen received from Thunbeig hy Linnaeus, and pre- served in the her- barium of that great botanist, now in the posses- sion of the Lin- cseau Society. It was after examin- ing this specimen that Ue OandoUe removed it from the genus Cor- chorus and formed that of Kerria. The double variety is generally planted against a wall, more especi- ally north of London. It is easily and rapidly propagated by its suckers, and grows freely in any com- mon soil. " T. FUOUSiA WITU DODDJiK GRAFTED UPON IT. DODDER ON FUCHSIA. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — I think the photograph I en- close may interest your readers. It represents a standard Fuchsia on which is grafted a piece of Cuscuta I had teveral of them, which caused great interest to people around. The Cutcuta is a leaf- less, twining para- sitic herb, stalks twining contrary to the sun's apparent motion. It is of simple growth, and once on a plant stays theie, and in the course of time kills it unless the fcit-sors aie freely uted. It is easily grown, and a piece placed anywhere on a stem of a plant will start growing in six hours. It is known here as the Dodder, and in neglected parts grows so thick that a man cannot walk through it. Allleborough, Norfolk. E. Watson. WINTER-FLOWERING CARNATIONS. [To THE Editor of " The Garden."] Sir, — I was much surprised at a note on the above subject which appeared in the indoor calendar of The Garden for the 17th ult. by Mr. A. Osborne. He says " the autumn-rooted plants are ready for 6-inoh pots." I would like to ask if they have not been a long time growing if they are now only ready for 6-inch pots. Does he intend to give them another shift? If not, what advantage does he claim by rooting them in the autumn. By what I can gather from his note he has been growing the plants about eight months before they are ready for 6inch pots. I am afraid that hardly sounds profitable enough to recommend itself. H. Hall. WHY CLEMATISES FAIL. [To THE Editor of " The Garden."] Sir, — I was very interested in A. R, Goodwin's note, " Why Clematises Fail," having for several years tried to get some of the best sorts to grow over a pergola. I have tried at least two dozen in different positions on the pergola. I have sheltered them with boards, only to see them grow in the spring and flag in the autumn, never reappearing. We have only succeeded in getting C. Jackmanii over the top. On a trellis we have had better results. Out of six planted two >ears ago we have Wm. Kennet and Nelly Moser flowering well. Duchess of Albany is growing well, but I am anxious to see it flower owing to its having died down once and started growing again from the bottom. C. Henryii is another that has not been seen for a year, and is making good growth this season. The trellis is close behind a row of Thuya Lobbii. The Clematis is shaded until late in the afternoon. The soil is verv heavy ; in fact, contains a good deal of clay. When planted no special care was taken beyond putting some sand and a little better soil in the holes. On the other hand, a great deal of pains was taken with those planted near the pergola. I believe that many failures can be attributed to slugs eating the bark. That is the only way I can account for our plants dying down and then starling again from the rootf. South Oodilcne, Surrey. J. B. [To the Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — The interesting letter in The Garden of the 17th ult. on "Why Clematises Fail" does not mention a very prevalent cause of failure in my own garden (Tunbridge Wells), namely, the splitting cf a stem near the root, and the con- sequent drying up of the sap. If the fibrous stems of Clematis are exposed to great beat they are very liable to split. I carefully watch my Clematises, and directly I notice that one, or part of one, is drooping, I examine the stem and bind the damaged part with wool. If this is done soon enough the plant recovers. It is obviously best so to plant Clematises that the lower fibrous stems are protected from the sun. E. F. FORTUNE'S YELLOW ROSE AT GUILDFORD. [To the Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — I enclofce a photograph of a Forlune'd Yellow Rose in flower in my garden. I estimate the number of flowers lo he not less than 500. It is planted against a south wall about 7 feet high, and is allowed lo giuw freely and crown the top and invade the other side, a licence it plainly appreciates. I also send a photograph of an old JOLY 8 1905.] THE GAKDEN. yellow BinkBia Rose in flower on the west wall of my house. B ith Roses are alike in these qualities — they flower simultaneously. The tender buds are cut by April frosts once every four or five years, and" all the flowers are lost ; the more mature buds stand uasc^thed the ordeal of a sharp frost in middle or lite May. When established neither variety requires any special root treatment, but flowers profusely in spite of complete neglect. B:>th repay regular attention to the radical removal of old growth anil the avoidance of what is knowaa " pruning." I have two plants of Fortune's Yellow on an open trellis a few yards from the one on the wall, and they make no headway whatever. The photographs were take on the 4th ult. Herbert A. Powell. [We reproduce the photograph of the Fortune's Yellow Rose, which shows how free this Rose is when in a position that suits it. — Ed ] WATER GARDENING. SMALL PONDS AND POOLS. (CoTiiinued.) HERE, in the case of many swamp- loving things, will be found ready made, quite as good, if not better places than, could possibly be prepared for them, while other spaces within the moist influence of the region can easily be adapted for others that we may wish to grow. Moreover, in the naturally silted bog there will probably be already that handsome groundwork of great tussocks of Sedge or stretches of Reed or Rush that will secure that valuable sense of unity and cohesion of the whole place, while at the same time they will make a distinct and easy separation between any such group of flowering plants as one may wish to see undisturbed by the view of the group that is next to follow. It will be greatly to the advantage of a portion of this region if there is a copse-like growth of something that will give summer shade; for many are the lovely plants that are not exactly marsh plants, but that like ground that is altvays cool and rather moist. In the wettest of this would be a plantation of Primula denticulata, a grand plant indeed when grown in long stretches in damp ground at the edge of a Hazsl copse, when its luscious leaves and round heads of lilac flower are seen quite at their bast. Several others of the Asiatic Primroses like such a place better than any other. Next to it, and only divided by some clumps of L%dy Fern, would be the equally wet-loving P. sikkimensis, and then a further drift of P. japonici. The two latter kinds come easily from seed ; P. denticulata increases so fast and divides so well that there is no need to grow it from seed. The type colour of P. jiponici, a crimson inclining to magenta, is unpleasant to my eye and to that of many others, but seedlings of a much better, though quite as bright a colour, have been obtained, and also a pretty low-toned white, with many intermediate pinkish shades. The soft lemon colour of the hanging bells of P. sik- kimensis makes it one of the prettiest of woodland plants. Two beautifal Indian Primroses of a smaller sizj that also like a damp place, though less shade, are P. rosea and P. involilcrata Monroi ; the latter seldom seen in gardens, though it is one of the most charming of hardy Primulas. These two gems, and our native tiny P. farinosa, should be close to the path in moist, mossy, peaty ground. Also near the pith should be a good planting of the brilliant Mimulus cupreus, well known but much neglected ; in appearance it would suit the neighbourhood of the Bjg Aspho- del, the latter in a rather moister hollow with Sphagnum. ROSE FORTUXE'S VBLLOW ON A WALL. In the same cool and rather damp copse-edge the Alpine Willow-leaved Gentian (G. asclepiadea) will be glad of a place, and also the North American G. Andrewsii that flowers in Ojtober, and in the cool leafy mould of the copse the Canadian Bloodroot (Sanguinaria), Trilliums, and the fine Cilifornian Erythroniuai (E giganteum), should be in some quantity ; for though they are also delightful plants to have even in a moderate patch, yet their true use is to be in such generou< masses that they form distinct feature< in the woodland landscape. In this way of bold plant- ing, no one who has seen them disposed in long- shaped rather parallel drifts, having some relation either to the trend of the ground, or the direction of the woodland path, or the disposal of the masses of tree or undergrowth, or some such guiding impulse, will ever be content with a less careful mode of planting. This applies equally to Diffjdils, whose place will also be here as well as in other woody spaces. It is of less import- ance with the wood plants whose flowers are less showy, such as Lily of the Vallej' and Smilacina, though even with these some consideration of the form of the ground in relation to the shape of their masses will give much better grouping ; the result showing as a piece of skilled work rather than as a bungle. As the ground rises, and, though still in cool woodland, is assured of perfect drainage, these dainty little woodlanders will be happy. Further bvck there wi'l be Solomon's Seal, and here again While Foxglove. Presently there will be the wild Wood S irrel and the native wood Anemone, and perhaps one of the larger-flowered single kinds of the same. As the wood walk approaches the garden there will be the beautiful blue Anemone nemorosa robinsoniana and A. apennina, and near them the best of the three North American Uvularias (U. grandiflora) and the handsome white Dentaria of Alpine woods. Here also will be our own Purple Orchis and the Spanish Squills (Soilla campanulata) with the white variety of our native Wood Hyacinth or Squill, all closely related. But woodland matters, though tempting, not being within the scope of the subjict of the article, must, however regretfully, be let piss with but scant notice. The old castle and its moat offer some pleasant places for gardening both in wall and water. In the case of the old Kentish house in mind the originally enclosed space is extremely restricted. The overgrowth of Ivy on the ancient walls, and the moat half choked with Flags and wild Water Lilies, tell the tale of the encroachment of Nature. Such a place seems almost best as it is ; its own character stands out so strongly defined that it would be almost a shock to see the last new plants on its walls or in its waters. Rather one would be disposed to have only the oldest of our garden plants. Garden Roses, Rosemary, Lxvender, Pjeonies, and Irises, and in the water only native things ; the Flowering Rush (Butomus), Arrow- head, and Buckbean. Incongruity in a case like this would seem to be akin to desecration. Rocky pools, when cleverly designed and judiciously planted, may be among the very bast of garden accessories. Bat unless there is some knowledge of the best ways of disposing the rocks, and some defioite design, it is best left alone. In a piol garden in mind, the rocks, especially on the further side of the water, are admirably placed, showing their continuous natural stratifi- cation. But the garden was laid out by an owner who would not have tolerated glaring geological absurdities, and it was planted with things both rare and rightly used, a combination not often effected. The garden must be seen at its best, not when the water is below the proper level, and leaves an unsightly edge of shelving bottom. It has somewhat of the character of the Japanese gardens, though it has an advantage over these in that it aims at simple beauty of rock and water and vegetation unhampered by the strict tradi- tional laws that give the gardens of Japan a certain stiffness, and suggest a certain whimsi- cality to the Western eye. In some large places there are bathing pools, but few have bathing pools that are beautifully planned. A bath in running water in the early sunlight of our summer days would be a much appreciated addition to the delights of many a good garden. It might be a beautiful thing in itself, with a long swimming pool ; the lower end in sunlight ; the upper giving access to a small THE GARDEN. [July 8, 1905. building, perhaps of classical design, standing in a grove of Ilex, or it might take such a form as that of the pool at the Villa d'Este, that wonder- ful Italian garden of wall and water. Plants rooting under water, but close to the bavk — Rumex H^drolapathum, Phragmites com- munis,Scirpuslacustris, IrisPseud-acorus, Alifmi Plantago, Menyanthea irifoliata, Butomus umbel- latus, Typha latifolia, Acorus Calamus, Spar- ganium ramosum, and Carex Pseudo-Cyperus. Plants for water 1 fuot to i feet deep. — Ranun- culus aquatilis, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Hottonia palustris, Pontederia cordata, ViUareia nym- phaeoides, Stratiotes aloides, and Aponogetnn distachyon. Plants for rooting in land at damp water- side.— Petasiles vulgaris, Lysimachia vulgaris, Lythrum Salicaria, Gunnera scabra, G. manieata, Heracleum mantegazzianum, H. giganteum, Tha- lictrum flavum, Leucojum sestivum, Callha palue- tris (also looting in water), Iris laevigata (syn. I. Ksempferi), I. orientalis, I. sibirica, Leucanthe- mum lacustre, and Equisetum Telmateia. Trees for damp and water-side places. — Popu- lus (Poplar) canescens, nigra, tremula, and fas- tigiata ; Salix (Willow) alba and ruseelliana. Shrubs for the water-side. — Cardinal Willow (out down), Golden Osier (out down), Cornus sanguinea (cut down). Viburnum Opulus (Guelder Rose), Cydonia vulgaris . (Quince), and Halesia tetraptera. NOTES FROM THE OLD PARSONAGE GARDEN, GRESFORD. WITH these notes I forward blooms of Lathvrus pubescens and Genista Hybrid. Lathyrus fmbescens. — This beautiful Chilian Perennial Pea is perfectly hardy on warm soils. The plant from which the blooms were cut was raised here from seed, and planted against a Eouth wall twelve months since. It grew freely during the winter, and braved 16° of frost. Its height is now 10 feet, its width 6 feet, and it has seventy spikes now blooming with more or less expanded pips. These do not represent all the spikes, for many more are showing. There are sixteen to eighteen pips on the best spikes, and the colour, as you see, is very fine. Genista Hybrid, raised here from andreanus, is exceptionally rich ; a combination of pure orange and bright rich yellow, i.e., the crimson of andreanus replaced by orange. Eccremocarpim aurea, of which I sent spikes last year and a warm appreciation of its value, appears hardy. The old plants, unprotected, are in flower on a trellis. Eccrtmccarpn-i coccinea, rich crimson, quite new, flowered here last year for the first time. Its foliage is characteristic. Enmuri have been exceptionally happy, and have never been so fioe. I am glad to dnd my opinion, expressed before in your columns, " that they should be lifted and replanted each year," confirmed also in your columns by a grower of large experience. Scilla peruviana. — The blue or white vara. Not new, but an uncommon bulb, and well worth growing in a warm border. Allium Schubertii. — From Palestine, a very choice thing, 12 inches in height, beautiful in leaf, in flower, and in seed. It has huge globose heads 7 inches across, and is most attractive in any border of rare flowers. Cnicus cohspicuus. — A plant rarely seen, but very telling in a large herbaceous border grouped, or as a single specimen. It is a rich blood-red Thistle from Mexico, here reaching 7 feet in height, and of very elegant habit. It grows freely, is a biennial, and niih u^ ripens seed. Primula Stuartii. — The purple variety is a very beautiful rich-coloured Piimula, a native of the High Himalayas. It is hardy and very choice. Tnis year it has flowered with exceptional freedom, but, unfortunately, its rarity prevents its presence in manv gardens. Asiatic Tulips. — The hot, gravelly soil of Gres- ford favours the development of these beautiful species. To those who can grow them T. kauf- manniana aurea should be much deiired. When established it can only be described as mag- nificent. Campanula michauxoidts, a star-flowered Campanula, new, very light and graceful, about 5 feet high, should be grown in a choice collection clumped, or in a row with H^zel Pei-sticks sup- porting. Bamboos flowering. — To our sorrow B. Henonis is flowering profusely in one part of the garden and not in another ; so also is B. Metake. It re- mains to be seen if they survive the tflort. le not this unusual, as one variety gcLerally Bowers universally ? Papaver orientale Waterloo is quite among the best, very large, and a distinct shade of soft salmon scarlet. Gentiana macrophylla cyanea. — A new and very choice Gentian. When grown under usual conditions this beautiful blue variety of macro- phylla is most desirable. Campanula miralilis — I have been asked often if this is net an impodaible or an overrated plant. My expeiience was with the first batch of seed imported ; it germinated freely. The seedlings were potted and placed in a cold frame, and in due course they were planted out. None flowered till the fourth summer; some waited till the fifth, but ihe result was worth waiting for ; a spreading mass of hundreds of light blue belU 2 feet across, rising to an elegant tapered spike IS inches in height, quite distinct from any other Cam- panula. Ssed ripened freely, and self-sown plants are not rare. Now I treat it more vigorously, and it looks as though it may flower the second year ; certainly the third. It is very haidy — generally, not alwaje, dies after flowering. Campanula chrysofiora is very refined and elegant, although not eviryone's choice, for the colouring is a transparent green, slightly yellow. It is a thick spike, about 12 inches in height, and seeds freely ; both are new and somewhat rare. P. H. Mules. THE LILIES. LILIUM SPECIOSUM (Continued). White Foems. VAE. ALBUM XOVUM.-The new white L. speciosum. Bulbs as in Krsetzeri, but less compact, and there is always a large cavity near the old flower-stem that makes their shape one - sided. Stems green, quite erect, forming huge masses of roots from their bases. Leaves oval, with prolonged tips, pale green. Flowers numerous, borne on long foot- stalks, opening three weeks before those of Krjetzeri, always nodding, the petals pure white, the three inner ones half as broad as long, much recurved, forming a perfect sphere when fully developed. A cushion of raised processes surround the green star at the throat. Anthers tinted apricot. A very distinct form. Fa)-, vestale is a selection of album, with pure white flowers. A garden form of Continental origin for a long time lost, but now reappearing as Crown Princess. Flowers late. COLOUEED FoEMS. Var. compactum. — A dwarf, high mountain form, with small bulbs, stems 2 feet high, and three to five reddish purple flowers, with narrow and fully reflexed petals. Flowers early. Selected from Japanese wilding L. speciosum. Var. cruentum. — A magnificent form, and in our judgment the best of the highly coloured speciosums. Bulbs globose, deep red, very large, scales numerous ; stems stout, purplish, tinted bronze above, stifily erect, the buds held erect, deflexing on expansion ; leaves short and rigid. Flowers six to ten, broad petalled, rich ruby- red, heavily dotted crimson, showing through on both surfaces, the tips alone being white. A cuihion of crimson-tinted petaloid processes occupies the centre of the flower, almost hiding the green star. They do not expand to the fullest extent, and they are the last to bloom. A selected wilding. Var. macranthum. — A large form of roseum differing in its broader crimson-tinted flowers, quite 8 inches across, and broader crimped leaves of pale green colouring. A selected wilding of Japan. Var. Melpomene. — Not the original Melpo- mene of Hovey, which was a speciosum auratum hybrid, now lost, but a highly- coloured selection of Japanese L. speciosum rubrum. A very beautiful form. Bulbs compact, globose, very deep red ; stems dark purple, 4 feet to 7 feet high, much thickened below ; leaves dark green, broadly ovate, slightly reflexing. Flowers, six to twelve, dark blood red, dotted carmine, distinctly edged white, and with the usual crimson- tinted processes occupying the centre of each flower. Precedes cruentum in order of flowering. Var. nanum.— A small-flowered, slender- growing roseum, the first of all the speciosums to flower, and scarcely worth extended culti- vation. Var. punetatum. — The spotted white L. speciosum. A pretty form, but apparently incapable of the finer development so characteristic of many other forms. Bulbs, leaves, and stems as in album, but smaller. Flowers white, of small size, dotted on the inside with large spots of pale rose-pink ; anthers apricot-tinted. Excellent for outdoor culture as it flowers early. Var. roseum.— A. pale coloured speciosum, whose bulbs are longer than they are wide, often contracted at the middle, coloured a dull pale red. Stems pale green, 4 feet to 6 feet high, stout, not erect ; leaves long and narrow, pallid, flaccid, recurving ; flowers deep rose, without a defined white border, often marbled ; anthers dark brown. Superbum is the Japanese form, much finer than the older roseum. The bulbs are similar, the leaves half as broad as long, very wavy ; the flowers broad petalled, coloured deep rose, with a well-defined white margin. Var. rubrum. — Most of the dark coloured L. speciosum are selections of this. It is always variable, and collected lots contain all the varieties described as Japanese. Var. Schri/nmaakersii is an early-flowering form of Continental origin, probably a selected seedling. It has large, rosy-coloured petals, dotted purple, and shaded with lilac near the tips. It flowers with the choice album novum in the open. Many other forms are grown in various countries. G. B. Mallett. {To be continued.) July 8, 1905.) THE GARDEN. THE ROSE GARDEN. EOSE ARDS ROVER. SEEING that there is such a preponder- anee of pink and pale-coloured Rosea in all sections, every really good brilliant red or scarlet is sure of a welcome. The above Rose has a glorious colour, and must be very useful, although the name "Rover" is rather misleading. That the variety will grow vigorously there can be no question, but it is not so vigorous, for instance, as Reine Oiga de Wurtemburg. We want a Rose of the sturdy nature of the latter, with the brilliant colour and exquisite buds of Ards Rover. This will make a beautiful standard, but for such a purpose I think Franjois Crousse is better ; in fact, this latter is in many way similar to Ards Rover. ROSE ELECTRA. One cannot praise this rambler too much. It Eeems so decidedly superior to Aglaia, although there is room for both sorts ; the latter appears in bloom about a week earlier than Electra. It matters not how we grow it — pillar, spreading bush, or standard— its lovely sprays are always attractive. This Rose, when fully out, is almost a pure white, and its flowers lift themselves quite erect, which adds much to its value as a decorative variety. A mingling of this variety and Carmine Pillar would be delightful, or with one of the bright-coloured Penzance Briars, such as Anne of Geierstein or Meg Merrilies. ROSA RUGOSA FIMBRIATA. It is difficult to believe that this is a Rose. It is such a departure from the rugosa race, and, in fact, from all Roses. The general impression is that it is a Primula, and it is only the growth, foliage, fragrance, and buds that suggest a Rose. The flowers are of a very dainty shell-pink in the centre, merging to palest blush outside. The petals are prettily serrated. This fact and its semi-double blossom remind one of the Primula. It is said to be the result of a cross between R. rugosa and Mme. Alfred Carrit^re. Although the flower of B'imbriata is so small, the plant grows with great vigour, so much so that it is suitable for the wild garden or as a free shrub Rose. HARRISON'S YELLOW BRLA.R. This delightful Rose, one of the oldest now in cultivation, having been raised in America some seventy-five years ago, is quite distinct in its way. Although not so rich in colour, it is much superior to Persian Yellow, for it will bloom more freely, and the plants succeed better after transplanting. In fact, the Persian Yellow is such an indifferent grower that it hardly seems worth while growing it, whereas Hirrisonii is a source of much pleasure to lovers of early Roses. Whilst resembling the Scotch Roses in shape of bud and blossom, also to some extent in leaf, and appearing as it does at the same time, there is, of course, no close affinity between them, although the two species, R. pimpinellifolia and R. lutea are placed following each other by Professor Crepin. Harrisonii, as is well known, is a double form of R. lutea. This latter is some centuries old, and its copper- coloured eport (R. punicea) also, and it seems remarkable that there should have been only this one offspriDg, so far as one cm find out. To see Harrisonii at its best there must be a quantity of young wood. Shoots produced last season are yielding this year the finest flowers. Although one may make an excellent hedge of this Rose, and it is seen well when grown as a standard, I think one of the best methods of growing it is to peg down its shoots as if layering for rooted plants, and allow them to remain thus two or three years. All these layered shoots will the second year be a mass of bloom, and also there will be fine healthy shoots from the centre of the plant also. It is a very beautiful fight to see a good mass of this Rose growing as described, and a few clumps and other old-fashioned kinds treated in the manner described are very charming in shrubbery borders, provided they are allowed plenty of space. A few plants of Harrisonii, Persian Yellow, and Austrian Copper should be potted in autumn, selecting well-ripened one year old budded plants, and giving them 7-ineh or 8-inch pots. Dj not prune them beyond removing extreme ends. Tney make most charming plants to introduce to the conservatory during April and May. Fine pillars could be produced of Harrisonii if its growths were trained upright from the beginning. FREE-HEADED STANDARD ROSES. The ugly style of tying down the shoots of standard Roses in order to miike drooping heads is now h-ippily almost a thing of the past. I often wonder why someone does not take up the culture of those grand old sorts upon standards that were the rage years ago. I refer to Coupe d'Hebe, Blairii No. 2, Chenedole, Cliarles Lawson, Juno, (fee. Tnere is nothing among modern Roses to compare to them during the time they are in bloom. If walks of such standards were established, alternated with modern perpetual flowering varieties such as Griios an Teplilz, Mme. Alfred Carriere, Conrad F. Meyer, Mme. Isaac Pereire, Longworth Rambler, &c., together with D )r.ithy Perkins, Crimson Rambler, Electra, Felicitt; Perf atue, &c , there would be no feature in the garden to compare to this walk. It would ha needful in order to grow them well to trench the ground two spits deep, and allow the plants ample space to display their individual character. I have in mind such a walk with a few towering pillars interspersed, but without the incongruous ropes or chains which one never finds in Nature. Some good clumps of roots here and there placed for the support of the newer wichuraiana Roses, that vie with the multifloras in their wealth of blossom and brilliance of colouring. ROSE SniE. LOUIS PONCET. This is a Tea Rose of a most delightful colour, or rather mixture of colours, for it resembles Souvenir de Catherine Guillot in this respect. Coppery rose may convey some idea of the tints, but with many of these modern Teas it is quite impossible to give a useful description. There are several sorts now that would mingle well together ; for instance, the one under notice, also Souvenir de Catherine Guillot, Souvenir de J. B. Guillot, Mme. Eugene R^sal, Beaut(5 Inconstante, Margherita di Simone, and Mme. Renfi de St. Marceau. The best plan would be to devote a small bed to each variety. These Roses are lovely objects upon half standards or dwarf standards. They are very thin, scarcely more than semi-double, but they compensate for this by the profusion of blossom. They must be viewed as rather tender Roses, and it is well to mould them up well in November with dry earth or burnt garden refuse. ROSA RUGOSA MME. GEORGES BRUANT. Wb are apt to depreciate this lovely Rose, and chiefly for the reason that Blanc Double de Courbet is a purer white ; but the very profusion of blossom would commend it to the true Rose- lover. A bed of it is now a mass of buds and open flowers, and the fragrance is delightful. The blossom has the pali buff-white shading as seen in Mme. Alfred Carriere, but the general effect is white. It makes the best show when five or six plants are grouped together. The first season cut back very little, the next prune the one year old wood fairly hard, so that the third year there is a bed about 5 feet high quite a mass of bloom. Mme. G. Bruant also flowers freely again in August and September, but it produces no seeds like the single white and single pink. P. CLIMBING AND RAMBLING ROSES. In old gardens we occasionally see the remains of an arbour or shady Rose-covered verandah, so popular in bygone days. These for a time had to give place to the large- flowered Hybrid Perpetuals and Teas, perfection in individual flowers being apparently the object. More recently, especially since the advent of the Crimson Rambler, the climbing and rambling Roses are coming to the front with increasing force. Why the Rose is so sparingly used in the beautifying of the garden is difficult to under- stand. How many of the ugly walls and unsightly buildings near the mansion, or the bare walla of the villa or cottage might be clothed by the jadicious use of a few climbing Roses ! Writing of this brings to my mind the quaint little village of Sonning on the banks of the Thames between Henley and Reading, in which there is scarcely a house without a Rose or two on its walls, and many more in the gardens around. Compared with the arbours of bygone days, there seems to be a somewhat artificial look about many of the pergolas and arches of the present time. No doubt much of this is due to the newness of the work, and will gradually disappear as the lines become concealed by Roses. Iron supports are often used, chiefly because of their strength and durability. The initial outlay would be much greater than for wood, but if painted occasionally to keep it from rusting would last a lifetime, whereas it would be neces- sary to renew the wood in a few years. The shoots are more readily fixed to wood supports, the surface being rougher and usually larger than the iron. Consequently, the shoots and buds do not get rubbed so much, which is often the cause of canker. Iron is also subject to greater extremes of cold and heat. It also looks more artificial than wood till completely covered. On estates of any size it is usually easy to obtain small tree trunks. Larch, or other poles of suit- able size with spurs on, providing more support than bare poles. The amateur can generally obtain wood poles more readily than iron. The base of the poles should be tarred or creosoted before being placed in the ground. Tree stumps grubbed up and the roots placed uppermost are excellent for use in what may be termed the " Wild Rose Garden." Where banks have to be clothed, a simple method is to drive in stakes, leaving 1 foot or more above ground, to which the Roses can be tied down. For pillar Rosea only one post is necessary, the breadth of the Rose being about the same from the base to the summit. Pyramids are even prettier, and require three posts fixed in the shape of a tripod. Roses grown in this way are beautiful in any part of the garden, in the mixed border, on the green turf, or a row on either side of a broad gravel walk. The varieties from which to select are almost endless, and it will only be possible to mention one or two of the best for each position. A good selection of varieties can be obtained from any well-known nurseryman's catalogue. For pillars Una, a large-flowering single white hybrid Briar ; Tea Rambler, coppery pink ; Queen Alexandra, Dorothy Perkins, Crimson Rambler, and Paul's Carmine Pillar, single fine large flower. Arches, pergolas, and verandahs are all very effective when covered with suitable Roses, such as Aglaia, a gem when established, yellow in colour ; Mme. d'Arblay, a double white Musk hybrid ; Rosa arvensis, single white ; Flora, an evergreen rosy flesh, an old favourite, and still one of the best; F^licite Perp^tue, evergreen, creamy white ; and Euphrosyne, rose-pink. In warmer situations, on walla and houses, the more tender varieties, such as Mar(5chal Niel and the climbing varieties of Teas, 10 THE GAKDEK. [July 8, 1905. THE FLOWER GARDEN. AMONG THE SWEET PEAS. Nl one can dispute the fact that the Sweet Pea is far and away the most popular annual plant in cultivation n our gardenn. Acid it is likely to remain so. Every season does not biing the same success or the same failure, but it requires a vast number of the latter to damp the ardour of the man who has once entered seriously upon the growth of this charm- ing flower. Give him a moiety of success in the first season, and he will never let a feason pass without having a certain number of rows or clumps iu his garden. And it is this unwavering allegiance or enthu- siasm that we want, especially in a season like the present, when the weather has been distinctly peculiar in its capriciousness. There were weeks of nice growing weather followed b}' a long spell including Devoniensis and Niphetos, can be grown. For a norlh wall there is no more suit- able plant than a Gloire de Dijon Rose. WicHUKAiANA Roses. Essentially of a trailing habit of growth, this plant carpets the ground with a mass of dark shiny green foliage. The tj'pe flowers in August; the varieties from it, however, flower rather earlier. They are excellent for covering banks, and for the front of the taller growers. Some make useful climbers, of which Dorothy Perkins is an excellent example ; but this seems destined to be superseded by Lidy Giy, so finely shown 4t the Temple Gardens. WiLu Garden. Many unsightly plots of ground can often be turned to excellent use as a wild Rose garden. No better example of this is required than the Rose dell at Kew, near the Pagoda. On the site of what I believe was once a, gravel pit and rubbish heap has been formed a veritable para- dise of Roses. Irregular terraces have been built up on either side, with old tree stumps placed roots upper- most. A grass path some 12 feet in width winds through the centre, as well as two side paths leading into it. Here huge masses of such sorts as Flora, Psyche, Crimson Ram- bler, Dorothy Perkins, Thoresbyana, Fellenberg, R. moschata, and heaps of others can be seen in all their glory. Cultivation. One great thing in the successful culti- vation of Roses is to have good soil to start with. Novem- ber ia one of the best months for planting. Cut back the follow- ing spring after planting to obtain a good groundwork on which to start. The majority will require little pruning after the first year, i of dry, harsh, north-east winds which sapped the thinning out being all that is necessary. Cut , energy of plant and man ; then came a heat-wave out the weak growths, and remove some of j with the temperature at anything from 100" to the older ones if the bushes become very thick. | I'JO" ; night-frosts of more or less severity This^ should be done soon after flowering to ; afforded a change. After all these variations came the rain, which did an immensity of good in the home and southern counties, but scrupu- lously avoided the midland, eastern, and some extreme western counties a little longer. No, the season has not been as favourable as one would like to see ; but now we are in the midst of Lady Binning sends a charming photograph I P'e°ty, for the plants have passed capitally '■ showing the wild Apple tree on the banks of , through their varied trials, and are producing the River Eden, near Mellerstain, in Berwick- I ^Tu "'I" '° proiase abundance, shire. This illustration shows one of the I ,„^^?ff ,.''Th ^^^^' "P^appily. numerous [ and teaches the lesson that the beauty of perfectly safe to ascribe it to the weather in the tlowenng trees is lost when the planting is [ present circumstances, for there can be no doubt confined to a crowded shrubbery. that the supplies of food to the plants have been WILD APPLE TREE IN BLOOM ON THE BANKS Of THE RIVER EDEN, BERWICKSHIRE. (From a photograph kindly sent by Lady Binninij.) allow free access of air to ripen the growths. A. OSBORN. THE WILD APPLE. cut off, and this alone would be sufficient to account for the unfortunate propensity of some plants to throw their buds. The weather, I know, cannot always be justifiibly blamed (or this trouble, but it is just as good a stand-by when Sweet Peas fail or when Roses or Chrysan- themums fall below our expectations. Bud dropping is as frequently due to over- feeding as it is to the weather, there being many persons who apparently think that to give Sweet Peas too much food is an absolute impossibility. To rush things along at the last moment all sorts of stuff are used, and the strength of these increases with the inexperience of the growers, instead of the reverse ; there is no doubt that under this treatment things move rapidly, but it is almost invariably in the direction of throwing oft the buds. Then the grower anathematises the weather ! As far as I have seen plants grown from autumn-sown seeds have done remarkably well, and it seems to me desirable that this form of culture should secure far more supporters among the amateur fraternity. There are dis- advantages, of course, but the compensations are rich. The autumn sower has mice and birds and slugs to contend with, but so also has he in spring, and, after all, such troubles were made to be overcome, and in this the de- termined cul- tivator seldt'Oi fails entirely. As a general rule I have given up regard- ing slugs as enemies of Sweet Pea growers, and am gradually coming to look upon them as benefactors, for they thin out the plants. Notwithstand- ing the way that writers have hammered away at l he necessity lor thin sowing, it is still common to find ten plants where there should only be one. Therein lies the value of the slug, who manages to eat a few before the wrathful cultivator puts a sudden end to his career. Thick seeding and neglect of thinning have to answer for many evils. The charm of the Sweet Pea lies not alone in its remarkable adaptability to culture under practically any conditions of soil and climate, but to the persistence with which properly managed plants will bloom. One would not like to aflSrm that the flowers from old rows or clumps are as fine as those from plants just coming into the first cutting, but they are still excellent for buttonholes and home decoration. It is at these stages that we get the full value of special feeding. As has repeatedly been said, any convenient liquid manure can be employed, but there should always be alternations of pure water, so as to ensure sweetness in the soil. Njt July 8, 1905.] THE GAKDEN. 11 only have we to attend to this, but also to pick- iag, so as to force the plants to concentrate theirenergyupou flower produc- tion, and not permit it to be diverted towards the development of seeds. Con- tinued flori- ferousnessis sub- stantially aided by surface hue- ings or good mulchings of short manure, the latter being preferable, as they provide food as well as conserve ture in the soil. Horace J. Wright. ■i-:"^>»i They CELOSIAS FOR POTS AND BORDERS. CELOSIA PYRAMI- DALIS when well grown is a most useful plant for a greenhouse. In the early stages of growth a rather warm temperature is necessary, but after attaining maturity, or the full development of the flower, a cool temperature is best. It is wonderful how long a period these plants will retain their full beauty if kept in good health. I have thrown away plants in autumn to make room for other kinds which were really very fresh and bright. I have never tried to keep the plumes in a cut state, but do not doubt that they could be preserved for a long time in vases. Good seeds quickly germinate, should be sown thinly in a pot well drained with clean crocks and filled with sandy soil, even thoroughly decayed leaf-soil and sand will do. Where there is plenty of bottom-heat at command sow the seeds early in spring, in the absence of bottom-heat defer the sowing until late in the season. The results will be more satisfactory if this is done where cool treatment has to be given right from the beginning. The seeds are small, hard, and dark coloured. Bury them a little more than one- eighth of an inch deep, plunge the pot in sawdust, Cocoanut fibre, or ashes up to its rim, and do not place any glass or paper over the pot so that the seeds may germinate and appear above the soil in the dark. This is not necessary. I like to have the young seedlings exposed to the full light from the first, then there will be no danger of drawing up the tender plants too weakly. The soil for the first potting should be rich, chiefly composed of fibrous loam and leaf- soil ; the greater portion of the fine soil should be sifted out of the loam, only the fibrous part being retained, and its place taken by sweet leaf-mould. To these two add some very coarse sand and an 8-inch potful of dried cow or horse manure to each bushel of compost. Pots 3h inches in diameter are the most suitable lor the first potting. The insidfs must be quite clean and the pottin^soil slightly warmed. Preserve every bit of root found attached to the seedlings, and only press the compost lightly around the roots. Still retain the young plants in a warm temperature on a shelf near the glass, and maintain a medium amount of moisture in the house. Rapid growth should be the aim of the cul- tivator. Gene- rally, the young seedlings early fchow the colour of the forth- coming plumes, but if they do not at the first potting they will at the second. A check to growth must not occur or the plumes will prema- turely form. Very 1 arge plumes and few leaves are not desirable ; a good specimen is one which bears fairly large, bright plumes amidst a wealth of leaves. A similar compost should again be used for the second and third repottings, with the addition of a small quantity of soot; and the soil should be vressed down more firmly around the roots. Keep the foliage free from red spider by occasional syringings with te).id water, and "feed the plants, too. Through- out the summer and early autumn their beauty should be enjoyed in the greenhou.-e. For bedding-out Celosias are finding much favour. Good as the colours are under glass, they are richer in the open air. During the past summer two large, round beds occupied by these plants have been admired by all who saw them. Other kinds of bedding- plants, though good, were outclassed by these brilliant subjects. The plan to follow is to grow the plants well in pots nnd transfer them to the beds in May. Avon. A NEW VALnABLE HARDY FLOWEE (ASTER SVB-CMRUhEXSa). (Given an award cf merit by the Royal HorticuUmal Society recently.) NEW AND RARE PLANTS. A SHOWY BORDER PLANT. A STER SUB-CtERULEUS is a /\ valuable early summer-flowering / \ border plant with large flowers, L \ the ray florets being rich bluish 1 V mauve, and the disc yellow. It is a very handsome and attractive flower, and has been finely shown by Mr. Amos Perry, Hardy Plant Farm, Winchmore Hill, N., on several occasions recently. The Royal Horticultural Society gave this Aster an award of merit at their last meeting. It has been confounded with A. diplostephioides, but the two are quite distinct, though with regard to the shape of the flowers and free- dom of bloom they have much in common. A. diplostephiiides has a purplish centre, but in A. sub-coeruleus it is a beautiful rich yellow, which sets off the mauve colour of the florets to perfection. T. 12 THE GARDEN. [July 8, 1905. GARDENING FOR BSGINNSRS, TYING TREES, SHRUBS, AND PLANTS. — While a certain amount of tying is very necessary in a garden, and is beneficial when properly carried out, it can easily be made to do harm instead of good. The illustra- tions show the evil effects of ties which have been made too tight, and so have cut into the branches. Care is needed when nailing fruit trees, Roses, and climbers to walls by means of shreds, so that each shoot has sufficient room to develop properly. In tying fruit or other trees and shrubs to stakes with wire or shreds or thick string a piece of rubber should first be placed around the stem so as to prevent its being cut by the tie. The material used should be tied twice round the stake so that it will not move. The stakes should be driven firmly in the ground, otherwise they will sway about in the wind and loosen the tree, thereby preventing the latter from gaining a firm root-hold. The great thing to bear in mind when tying shoots, and espe- cially young ones, is that they must be allowed room to grow, and the tie or shred must be left sufficiently loose for the pur- pose. Considerable damage is often done to youn^ shoots that grow very quickly, such as those of the Vine, Peach, Plum, Ro-e, and shrubs against walh or on trellises by neglecting to allow room for development when tying them up. One of the evil effects of tight ties is shown in the third illustration, which represents a branch afflicted with the malady known as gumming. Some Beautiful Ivies — The Ivy in any and every form is a beautiful plant, and there are many varieties which have been added from time to time as new forms are evolved. Both the gresn and variegated forms make beautiful edgings to beds, and they look best when of con- siderable width. It is one of the easiest plants to propagate from cuttings of the young shoots at any time in the shade, either under glass or outside, and in nurseries the delicate variegated kinds are commonly grafted on roots of the Irish Ivy. It may be used to cover screens in rooms, and the variegated kinds are splendid for the front of window-boxes. Ivies are so easily grown that one wonders they are still so expensive in pots, when one wants plants of a particular kind to cover a wall. It is true it will take several years to form a well-developed plant in a pot, and the time has to be paid for. In many nurseries Ivies are grown through the early stages under glass, and the freshness and beauty of the glass-grown plants are very noticeable. The large - leaved kinds make beautiful pyramids trained to stout stakes. Such kinds as dentata and rcegneriana are better for this purpose than the small- leaved varieties. SIMPLE HINTS. spring, and for Eome time after making new growth, but the older leaves are pale green. | Purpurea is very distinct, and when one has a ' mass of it the leaves are useful for mixing with flowers in winter when other good foliage is not so common. Caenwoodiana has single wiry ' growth with neat foliage, and clings closely to walls or other supports. It is one of the neatest plants, too, to form edgings to walks, as the growth does not require much trimming. The Ivy is the only plant that will thrive and be happy under the dense foliage of the Horse Chestnut, and our small-leaved native species is the best for the purpose. It has been said by those who have not had much to do with it that Ivy on walls makes them damp. Ivy may kill trees, but unless neglected it will not make a wall damp. To keep Ivy in trim on walls it should be cut in close with the shears early in March, and when that attention is given annually it will make a damp wall dry. \\ -1 1' The beat evergreen Ivi/ to my mind is Emerald Gem. It has the dark green lint of the Irish Ivy without its coarseness of leaf and growth. The best variegated kind for covering a wall outside or a screen indoors is Maderiensis Tariegata. Gold Cloud is very beautiful in EVIL EFFECTS OF TYING WITH WIRE AND TIGHT SHREDS. Hose Lamarque. — This is a beautiful Rose for bouquet work when grown under glass without fire-heat. It is an old variety, the flowers are produced in clusters, and are beautiful when in bud. It is also good outside on a warm wall, sheltered with a few sprays of Bracken during a severe winter. It does not grow so freely as the Dijon Teas, but every shoot produces flowers. Some Campanulas. — What lovely groups the Peach-leaved Bell-flowers make at this season, and the flowers having long stout stems are so good for cutting. There are double- flowered forms of both the blue and white, but I like the singles best. This is, of course, a matter of taste. They must not be left too long in one place if fine spikes of flowers are wanted, and the soil for these strong-growing Campanulas should be well broken up and manured. Madonna Lilies. — These are doing better with us this season than we have bad them for some time. They dislike removal, and the bulbs should not be covered deeply. If it is necessary to transplant do it in August as soon as the old flower-stems are ripe. We have them in full sunshine and also partially shaded. All are good. If they are to be planted in heavy land work in some grit round the bulbs. Pyrethrums for Vase Decoration. — Both single and double Pyrethrums provide excellent material for vases, bowls, and other receptacles, and although largely grown in most gardens, the flowers are not so often used as they deserve to be. Many colours are available, pure white, yellow, crimson, carmine, purple, amaranth, rose, blush, and many intermediate shades. Those of the palest tones serve the purpose of making dis- plays under natural light, those of the deeper and richer shades of colour, in which that of carmine may be instanced, provide a most glorious array of colour under artificial light. The flower has a long stout footstalk, so that the matter of arrangement in a vase or any other vessel of large size is simple. The foliage can be uted for some of the smaller recep- tacles, in which, of course, the effect is very beautiful, but where a good length of stem is necessary, as in the case of large vases, other foliage must be sought for. Foliage of a hardy kind may be used, and prettily tinted pieces of Horn- beam will be found useful sub- stitutes, and there are many other useful subjects of which the hedgerows provide an abundant supply. We prefer to arrange the single and double flowers in separate vases ; but pleasing contrasts may be made by their use in association with one another. Foam Flower ( Tiarella cordi- folia). — When spring is joining hands with early summer, one of the best plants is the Foam Flower (Tiarella cordifolia). It is at home in any cool, rather moist, half shady position in rich, light soil, and delights in a vegetable mould of which rotten wood forms the staple. OOMMING. It is a beauti ful thing t hat should be in every garden, and a charming companion to Myosoti8dissitiBora,while its leaves persist throughout the winter taking on from autumn onwards a fine red colouring. It is nearly allied to the Heucheras. History of the Sweet Pea. — This beautiful and now variable hardy annual is found wild in Italy, near Naples, and also in Sicily, and there is a coloured illustration in the second volume of the Botanical Magazine, published in 1787, t. 60. At that time only two varieties were known besides the type, viz., the Painted Lady Pea, red, white, and rose-coloured, and another with pure white flowers. The type as figured by Curtis has a dark crimson-maroon standard, ' lilao petals, wide spread, and delicately veined, while the keel is pale rose, and there are only two flowers shown on the stalk. Curtis remarks that " there is scarcely a plant more generally cultivated than the Sweet Pea," and j he notes also " that it is not very tender, since seedlings reared in autumn frequently survive our winters." He recommends both autumnal i and spring sowings in pots, so as to be sheltered July 8, 1905.] ' THE GARDEN. 13 in hot-bed frames for early blooming, as well as in the open borders. He says " that pot culture was a common practice of the gardeners, who raise them for the London markets, in which they are in great request." The Sweet Pea came into notice in England about the year 1701, the first year of the eighteenth century, as Phillips says, " when it blossomtd, probably for the first time, in the celebrated garden of Dr. Uvedale, at Enfield, in Essex, where Petiver first saw it with Dr. Plukenet, and soon afterwards it appeared in the Physic Garden at Chelsea, and elsewhere around London. Sweet Peas, Autumn Sown. — Many hardy annuals are much the better for autumn sowing. They seem to gain immense strength during their slow progress in the winter months, and the vigour of the plant when it has made its full growth in late spring or early summer is only equalled by the size and quality of the bloom. But in no annual garden plant is the gain of autumn sowing so conspicuous as in the Sweet Pea. For instead of having to wait till July for the crop of bloom, the autumn-sown plants are in full flower in the earliest days of June, and the flowers are much larger and longer stalked than on those sown in spring, and much more welcome as the only thing of the climbing Pea kind then in bloom. Perhaps the seedlings would not be sure to stand the winter in the colder parts of our islands, and even south of London a very cold winter may now and then destroy them ; but the advantage of securing this fine early bloom in most years is well worth the risk of an occasional loss. The Peas are sown in a shallow trench, in a double zigzag line, giving each plenty of room, not less than 3 inches from Pea to Pea. They will be about 4 inches high to stand the winter. If unusually cold weather comes a protection of Spruce boughs or anything suitable can be used. When they are making strong growth in spring they can be slightly earthed up and are much benefited by some not over strong manure water. Balearic Sandwort (Arenaria balearicaj. — For clothing the cool base of rockwork no plant of low stature is more satisfactory than this little Sandwort. It runs into the joints and over the prominences almost like a coat of thick green paint, so closely does it cling and so clearly does it show the form of the stone beneath, while in early June its hosts of little flowers, large for the size of the plant, deck it with sheets of purest white. It readily sows itself, and in a year's time a chance seed will grow into a pretty tuft. Getting Bid of Ants, — To get rid of ants use some weak ammonia frequently. Round the walls place some sweet liquid, such as treacle, or beer and sugar, near the stems of the trees ; they will forsake the later for the liquid. In winter remove loose top soil, burn it, and replace with new. The Cantaloup Melon. — This Melon used to be a good deal grown in most gardens forty or fifty years ago. The flavour was always good when well ripened. I expect one reason why it disappeared was that it was too large for one dinner party, and a cut Melon loses its flavour and cannot be served up a second time for dessert. The Cantaloup Melon is still grown for the English market by foreigners, who send it over in large numbers. It is hardy, vigorous, and the flavour is good when well ripened. Those who are fond of Melons and want a large fruit might give it a trial. Mulching Fruit Trees. — Apples on the Paradise and Pears on the Quince must be mulched with manure to nourish the roots. Being near the surface they are depending upon the help given, and if the weather continues dry and hot watering may be necessary. If the trees are much crowded with fruit (and these surface-rooting trees, if properly cared for, generally bear freely), a good many of the small fruits should be taken off. Plums are not, so far as I have seen, a heavy crop this season, as, though there was plenty of blossom, the frosty winds thinned them. It is not difficult to thin Plums if crowded. Parsley Jor Winter. — The end of June or begin- ning of July is a good time to sow Parsley in some position where it can be easily covered when the cold weather comes. Sow thinly in moistened drills, and thin to 6 inches apart. Thinnings may be planted at the foot of a wall to come in for use in the early spring, when Parsley is always scarce. Parsley sown now has not the same tendency to run to seed as the spring-sown plants. Double Cropping. — Where many Potatoes are grown it may be necessary to plant Greens or perhaps sow Turnips between the rows of Potatoes. When Potatoes are planted 3 feet apart no great barm is done if Brussels Sprouts or Broccoli are planted between the rows. It is mainly a question of deep culture and manuring. It is useless double cropping on poor land, and after the Greens come off Celery or late Peas may follow. Young Horn Carrots. — These are always appreciated, and should be sownin succession from February till the firtt week in July. The earliest sowingsshouldbemadeonmild hot-beds in Januar}' or February, covered with glass. The outside sowing should take place in February, and later on a warm border. The last sowings for winter use are being made now, and should be protected in winter by Bracken, as the roots keep best in the ground. Horn Carrots should be sown thinly in drills 8 inches or 9 inches apart. Very little thinning is required, as the roots are fit to use when quite young. GARDENING OF WEEK. THE FLOWER GARDEN. A TTENTION must now be paid to raising variom /\ perennials from seed. This, in many cases, is the Z_i most etfective method of maintaining the vigour I \^ of the plants and produdng finer flowers and in greater number. Happilj', many families come fairly true from seed. In order to get strong plants that will pass safely through the winter unprotected and bloom Batiafactoriiy the following summer and autumn, DO time should be lost in sowing. Among plants that should be thus raised are Delphinidms.— Prepare beds in the reserve ground by well breaking up the soil— a fairly heavy loam it available. Drill in the seeds thinly, covering lightly and watering as occasion demands. Keep a sharp look-out for the slug, for this pest has a particular liking for succulent seedlings of these Larkspurs, and will quickly clear a bed as the tiny plants appear above ground if not unceasingly watched. Dress liehtly with soot and wood ashes occa- sionally while moist, and shade slightly from bright sun- shine until the plants are well up and have formed the rough leaf. They will then be stronger to withstand the heat. Pyrethkums should also he treated on the same lines, and so should Campanula pyramidahs and similar subjects. These classes of plants, forming as they do an imptprtant part in many a heibaceous border, and producing fine and suc- cessive bloom and effect, should not be neglected and a season lost through nut paying timely attention to sowing. All floweiing stems of Delphiniums and Pyie thrums should be cut down as fast as the blooming is over. Well water the plants, and feed them liberally to induce the produc- tion of an acceptable second crop of bloom during late autumn. The same applies to many other early-flowering perennials. Sweet Peas.— Go over these frequently, picking off faded blooms and pods as fast as they form, lopping a strong growth here and there at intervals of a few days to induce branching and a succession of bloom. Keep them well supplied with water, adding a handful of guauo or some quick-acting fertiliser occasionally, and tie up any growths inclined to sprawl about and push their way out between the sticks. The Seed-BKD containing Wallflowers and other bien- nials must be kept moist to encourage free genuinatiOD, and the tender seedlings as they appear should be shaded for a few hours every day during the prevalence of heat and drought. At the present much time and labour have to be ex- pended in watering, syringing, and mulching recently- planted stock and old-established plants or clumps that are carrying a heavy crop of foliage or flowers, or both. The latter, if dry, will require a large quantity of water to moisten the ball of roots and soil thoroughly, and if the plants are to benefit fully by the application it must be a thorough one. Subsequent sprinklings and syringing of leaves and stems are very helpful in arresting rapid evaporation and freshening up plants in distress. The Gardem, Tan-y-bwlck, North Wales. J. ROBERT0. INDOOR GARDEN. Malmaison Carnations.— As the plants pass out of flower select some of the best shaped one and two year old ones for growing on. Hemove all flower-spikes and dead leaves. Pot on, using a compost of three parts fibrous loam (taking great care that it is free from wireworm), one part leaf-mould and dried cow manure, adding mortar rubble and coarse sand sufBcient to keep it open. Use clean pots and good drainage. See that the balls of the plants are moist, and pot fairly firm. Stand the plants in a cold frame and shade from bright sunshine. Syringe the plants morning and evening on hot days, and water sparingly till the roots are entering the new soil. Layering can also be proceeded with as the plants become available. A very suitable place for the operation is in a frame where bedding Calceolarias and such-like plants have been grow- ing during the winter, the soil being very sandy. Just round the layer a little flnely-sifted soil may be placed, in which leaf - mould predominates. Layer only strong, vigorous shoots. It is better to place the taller plants on their sides than to plant the balls deeply. Shade the frame for a lime. Little water will be netded at the root for a week or two, syringing overhead several times a day being sufficient. Plants Standing Outside. —The chief object in placing pot plants outside is to obtain strong, firm, well- ripened growth for flowering. Spray the plants overhead morning and evening with the garden engine during dry weather. If only a few plants are grown an ordinary garden syringe can be used. This encourages the growth of the plants and also checks the attacks of insects, especially red spider. Assist the Azalea indica vars. not repotted with a little soot water. Use rain water for hard- woodtd plants, especially Ericas and Epacris. Avoid over- crowding the plants. Support with stakes any growths at all likely to be broken by the wind. With such a variable climate growers aie never certain of fine weather or the absence of cutting winds. General Kemarrs.— Sow a batch of Schizanthus seed for late autumn and early winter flowering. Encourage the growth of young Bouvardias. Sturdy plants will be found very useful after the older plants have finished flowering. Pot on the young Gardenias into 6-inch pots. These will be quite large enough for flowering them in the first year. Cut Hydrangea Hortensia plants back after flowering, and place in a house where a little warmth and moisture can be given. Repot if necessary when the growths are an inch or two in length, and give liquid manure to the plants not potted. To obtain the best flowers of H. paniculata grandiflora a warm atmosphere and plenty of moisture are necessary. Syringe several times daily, and feed liberally with manure water. If the seed pods ai e kept picked off Fuchsias, and occasional doses (if liquid manure given, they will flower freely all the summer. The later plants can be given a shift into a largei-sized pot. Euphorbia pulcherrima.— A few more cuttings may he put in if short plants for furnishing are in demand. When rooted it is necessary to admit air to the propaga- ting case gradually, as they are very liable to flag, causing them to lose the leaves, and nothing looks worse than plants with a few leaves and the bracts at the top of the plant. Royal Botanic Gardens, Eew. A. OSBOBN. ORCHIDS. The Phaljenopsis.— By this time nearly all the green- leaved Phalaiuopsis— as P. luddemanniana, P. sumatrana, P. violacea, P. tetraspis, P. Marie, and P. speciosa— will have done flowering. Some of them will continue to bloom for a considerable time, but it is advisable to remove the spikes after the flowers have been open a few weeka. S^me of the kinds, especially P. luddemanniana, frequently produce young plants adventitiously on their old flower-stems, therefore if it is found desirable to increase the stock, it is best to cut off the flowers only, leaving the spike whole. When the young off-shoots begin to form, the spike may be fixed with wooden pegs around the base of the parent plant, and as soon as the young plants have become well established and have made a pair of leaves of tht;ir own, they may be taken off and treated as separate individuals. If it is desirable to make a fine specimen, these embryos may be left on the original plant. All of the specie3 mentioned may now be placed in larger receptacles if necessary, or they may be supplied with fresh material about their roots. After root disturb- ance, &c., place the plants near the roof glass in the hottest division, and a very shady position should be given them, as these green-leaved species are very susceptible to injury from the least sunshine. Thrips sometimes infest the leaves of Phalainopsis, and if unchecked will quickly disfigure them. My practice is to sponge the foliage periodically, whether there be thrips present or not, with clear rain water, as cleanliness is advantageous towards the successful cullivation of these plants. For further J4 THE UAUIJEN. [July 8, 1905. cuUur.l flirectionaof Phalaenopsis eee the Orchid calendar for M } 13 The interesting CypKii^KinoM CADDATUii has jist done (lowering, and the lilxui may now be repoUed. If healthy it will require a put two size^ larger. Tne old compost shoula be entirely removed from unhealthy plants, the dead roots cut «'(f, and the plants put into a put juat large enough to i.old the remaining roots, using less compost than for the healthy specimens. This species ia not often met with in good c mdition, sometimes through too mhch heat and i'lsiifticient air. Another mistake is to place it in the CaiUeya house, where the light is too strong lor it. The best po36ible position for it is in a cool, shady corner of the intermediate house, where it will get plenty of fresh air and a suitable temperature. The curious Uropediom Lindknii is closely allied to the Cypri- pedium ciudatum, and it should be treated exactly the same. When growing and rooting freely both plants should have frequerit and liberal waterings. The flowering season of the dwarf-growing Cypritediums, asC. niveum, C. bellatuluro, C. concolor, C. Godefroyse, and the new C. Sanderx is now past, and the present is a good time to repit thetn ; but those plants that dked after the lietter will they respond in glorious trmses of bloom and healthy foliage. Next month some of the old wood should be removed, but we shall refer to this again iu a future tsaae. MlLDKW miy he kept in chpck liy aulphi-ie of pi^tassiuin, as mentiuntd HI Thk Garden uf JuriM 2t last. Someday we may have a niildew-pn»uf race uf R -aes, and I am sure rosariaii'i will welcome ihem. Roses B[]DDEd last summer will be now in iheir greatest beauty in ra^ny gardf-ns. All who contempUte exhibiting Roses would do well to plant a few slocks each seas-iu. Planted in February and ilarch upo^i well- dug land, flowers of the highest excellence are the result. There are a few varieties that arc always best upon " maidens," aa these one year old plants aie termed. A large proportion of Roses seen at exhibitions arc cut from maiden plants. This applies more especially to Hybrid Perpetnals and some Hybrid Teas. Ihe true Teas yield marvellous blooms upon maiden standards or half standards, and every exhibitor should have a goodly number of each. Budding the stocks will demand attention now. As a rule the stocks are ready before the buds. Should there be an opportunity to procure buds from pot-grown plants or from walls, standard Briars may be budded at once. If August happens to be rainless the^e stocks soon begin to dry up, and the greatest success attends the operation t.f budding when the shocks " run well," 7'.e., when the sap is flowing freely. Budding may be learnt quicker by watching an (ild hnnd at the wurk than from any printed directions. A few essential points to remember may be helpful. See that the buds are ripe. The wood should be firm, and the buds plump. If the eyes are slightly on the move it is better than having them too dormant. Growths that have borne a flower which has just faded are about the ideal kind of wood. Do not bud from the long sappy flowerless shoots. Tea Roses start very quickly to grow again, so that one cannot always wait for the bloom to develop. Cut the buds in early morning or evening. Rem jve foliage at once, leaving a small piece of the leaf stalk to aid in the operation of insertion. Hold the shoot upside down in the left hand. Place the edge of the knife about a quarter of an inch from the leaf stalk, and cut gently beneath the eye, then rend off with the bark adhering. Remove the wood with a jerk, and see that germ of eye is intact. If there be a hole beneath the eye this bud has lost its germ. Now place the knife in the Briar shoot quite near the main stem, and make an upward cut just to sever the bark. This cut should he about 1 inch in length. A cross cut will make the cut like a letter T. Raise the bark near the cross cut just sufficiently to slip in the bud. The protruding piece of bark is then removed, and the bud hound up tightly with budding cotton or raffia. In binding up leavelhe leafstalk looking outward, alsothe eye or bud should not be covered. The other parts of the cut should be bound all over. In three week the ties may loosened, and in about five weeks removed. The Briars are left like this until February. IE the bud has failed, which may readily be seen by its black appearance, then there will still he time to insert another just above the flrst. Ripe buds, stocks full of aap, and tight binding are the chief factors to success. Do not bud in showery weather. Layering may still be carried on. The operation is almost identical with Carnation layering, only that the layers are placed slightly deeper. FRUIT GARDEN. Melons —Plants swelling their fruits will require stimu- lants if the flavour is to be of the best. Cow manure in liquid form is an excellent stimulant for Melons. At this time of year the growth increases at a rapid rate, so that it is necessary to frequently go over them and cut out all lateral growth. Where fruit is ripening manure must be withheld, and clear water given only moderately. Keep the atmosphere dry and allow a free circulation of air both day and night. Plants in cold frames which are in flower will require careful hand ling if an even set of fiuit is to be had. The frames must never be closed during this process. Setting of the flowers must be attended to daily at noon. Avoid over-watering the plants, only giving them sufllcient to prevent flaggm.;;. The end of the present month will be late enough to sow seeds for the last bitch, unhsi they are required later than the month of October, which is very unlikely. The houses at that date are, as a rule, in demand for something of more value. Figs.— A second crop of fruit may be had from the earliest permanent trees provided they are in a healthy condition and free from red spider. When the flisccrop is cleared the trees should be vigorously sj ringed hoUi morning and afternoon. If red spider is present syringe two or three times in succession with an insecticide. Stop grjwing shoots at one or two j unts above the fruit. Cut away weak spray and suckers which are not required. As a rule the second crop produces far too many fruits to mature perfectly. These should be reduced to two or three on a shoot. A'\(\ a little fresh mulching material where the old i? exhausted. Give the rjots plenty of stimulants, and always encourage a moist-growing atmo- sphere while the fruits are swelling. Outdoor trees have made a good deal of growth which will need stopping and regula'ing. It is only under very favourible ctndiiions that outdoor Figs can be grown with real success in this country, so thai timely attention to nuliural details is essential if success is to beaitained. The growths must be thinned so that each may have full benefit of sunshine and air, in order that they may be well ripened. Cut out the lone, snppy growths and weak spray, retaining Uie hard, shurt-junted growth. Do not let the trees ai (T-r for want of m'usture at the root. Diluted faimy«rd drainings will creuly beneflt old trees which are carrying a full crop of fruit. Outdoor Vines — L^ke the Fig, the«e will irquire much encouragement to mature the crop by the tnd uf the season. Fruit-hearing shoots should be stopped at the second j »int behind the bunches. Pinch the laterals to one leHl and sti-p leaditig sh'jota, unless more extension is desired. U'yuUie and tie in the shoots in a methodical manner, cutting away the weakest where they are too thick. Li(juid manure may be given with good results after the rierries have stonfd. Should mildew appear, dust the affected parts with flowers of sulphur. £. HARRISS. Fruit Department, Royal Gardens, Windsor. KITCHEN GARDEN. Cabbagk —A sowing should now be made. For early winter use Winningstadt is one of the best. It is very hardy, consequently keeps growing until the end of the season, and, being of compact habit, it occupies but little space, and very tine heads can be grown when planted at 18 inches apart in the rows and about 15 inches from plant to plant. This Cabbage has the further recom- mendation of btandhis; well after it has completed its growth. R'setteColewort is another flne Cabbage for late use, but in some localities is reputed to be a little more tender than the ftrat-named variety, and on this account it should be used when it has finished growing. It has compact heads of faultless table quality. Parsley.— For garnishing and other purposes a good sowing of this he>b should now be made for winter use. Choose a plot of ground that is firm and rich and well sheltered from north and east. Winds from these quarters are more harmful during the winter and spring months than many degrees of frost. It is also advisaMe, as a provision against severe weather, to sow some Parsley on beds (not too thickly), suitable for placing cold tramea over when frost and snow make their appearance. When the Parsley plants are about 2 inches high a few should be transplanted into boxes, to be in readiness for transference to warmer quarters during hard storms. Parsley grown in boxes will be found very useful in spring, when plants in cold frames and on the borders may have suffered from climatic influences. Tdrnips.— These roots from this date onwards will not grow so quickly as those put in earlier, therefore a good breadth of ground should now be sown. Purple-top Munich and Chirk Castle are excellent sorts for present sowing, and will keep up a supply of good roots till the end of the season. Where Garden Swedes are appreciated a few rows may also be sown. They will do well where Spinach and early Peas have just been cleared off. Let the ground be f 'iked over, and, should it he poor, a slight dressing of artificial manure may be applied. Then make the surface mould very fine. Let this sowing have more room between the drilli in order to give the roots abundance of light and air. They will thus be better prepared to withstand low temperatures when they come ; 20 inches to 22 inches from row to row will not be too much, allowing a little more space for the Swedes. Salads.— Make good sowings of Lettuces and Radishes, as by the time they will be ready increased supplies are generally in demand. At this date ihey will succeed well on a border with a north-western exposure. If the ground is in good condition and fairly moist, their season will be prolonged considerably. Little Gem is a good variety of Lettuce for this season, being sweet and crisp, requiring but little space, and standing a long while after its growth has been finished without showing signs of bolting. Thin out former sowings, stir the surface of the soil occasionally with the Dutch hoe, and see that the plants never suffer for want of water, as Lettuces grown on dry ground can nevfr he satisfaciory. J. Jeffrett. The Gardens, St. Mary's Isle, Kirkcudbright. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. SOME VALUABLE SUMMER LETTUCES. FOR early summer use there are so many good Lettuces to select from that it would be out of place to dwell upon their merits; but later on — say from August to October — thereis at timesa scarcity. To prepare for the season referred to one must sow in June, July, and early August. I prefer the first two months, as the varieties I have given special attention to are noted for their long standing qualities. The land must not lack food ; this is more essential at the season named than in the early summer months. Some- times transplanting is out of the question in hot .July weather, and this must be met by thin sowings in rows in well-prepared land. It is surprising what good even a slight damping over- hea'l does late in the day ; the plants revel in Uie cool moist air, and do not cease growing — an important point in all salad culture. To meet the daily demanil at the season named we well prepare the land in the winter and reserve a north or east border for this purpose. The plants may be grown on the Celery trenches. 1 July 8, 1905. THE GARDEN. 15 favour the Cnbbage Lettuce for this work. There are Bome Bplendid types. Suttou's Supreme, a fine Lettuce of the Drumhead type, is very good ; the plant is robust, and remains solid a long time before running to seed, the leaves are slightly margined with red, and the hearts are very close and of excellent quality. Satisfaction is another very fine Lettuce for this purpose ; indeeil, it re- mains good longer than most others. It is not large, and is an ideal garden Lettuce, having a brownish red colour that withstands drought and heat wonderfully well. Another very good late Lettuce is Standwell, a compact grower, and in- valuable for August and later supplies. Mtrvel is also a splendid dry weather I etluce, which has red-edged leaves, with dark outer foliage and pale golden hearts. Ideal and Giant are both good at this season, if large heads are required. In some gardens Cos Lettuce find more favour. Such sorts as Sutton's Little Gem are difficult to beat, a delicious small Lettuce, which remains solid a long time. I think these small, firm, sweet Let- tuce are most serviceable in the private garden. Intermediate is likewise a very good autumn Lettuce ; it is very compact, and gives a solid heart. Peerless, given a trial last summer, was very good, larger than the last named, but very sweet. It is a grand introduction in the Cos class, and one that will find much favour with growers. G. Wythis. NEW FKENCH BEAN WEBB'S HUNDREDFOLD. This is an excellent variety for forcing, espe- cially with those who only have small houses and little room. The pods are not long, but freely produced, very quick, and remain a long time before becoming stringy. We have grown it rather largely this year, and have been well pleased with it in every way. E. Beckett. THOMPSON'S PEAR. The illustration shows Thompson's Pear in candelabra form in full bearing. It is on the Qaince stock, and was planted about thirteen years ago. It has fruited so well, almost every year, that it has necessarily made very restricted growth in that period, especially when, for in- stance, compared with the prodigious growth of some 27 feet made in ten years attributed to a Doyennii du Comice in the Channel Islands, figured in your columns early in the year. The single cordon on the left is a Nouvelle Fulvie Pear, which also bears regularly. In the current year's development of Pears I am most pleased with Doyenne du Comice, promising an excellent crop on a number of trees, in all forms and sizes, more so than any other variety. The fruits of Marie Louise, for instance, drop off wholesale ; it is, of course, known as a capricious variety, however delicious. Sidcup. H. H. Raschen. M I S C E LLAN E O U S . ELLEL, REGENT'S PARK. THIS charming retreat in the heart of London — near Primrose Hill — must always possess some interest to the horticulturist, for from here, when the place was in the possession of that keen orchidist. Judge Phil- brick, K.C , came those wonderful collections of Orchids that were exhibited so successfully in the old South Kensington days of the Rjyal Horticultural Society some thirty-five years ago. How grand were the fine types of Phalienopsis ! When in the occupation of the late MissBehrens, who did so much to encourage horticulture, it was laid out by that prince of specimen plant growers— now, apparently, a lost art !— the late Mr. Thomas Biines, who certainly, by a judicious planting of suitable trees and shrubs, the making of spacious lawns, and, in other ways, mide the very best of the ground at his disposal. It is pleasant to note that the horticultural traditions of the place will not suffer at. the hands of the present courteous owner, Elward Rosenberg, Esq., who takes a keen interest in gardening, well supported as he is by his capable head gardener, Mr. John Addison. Orchids are still largely grown, also Crotons, DracEenas, and the new hardy rose - coloured hybrid Tobacco (Nicotiana Sanderse). Sutton's fine strain of Gloxinias, in rich varietv of colouring and splen- did habit, is grown. Especially striking was that probably finest of all white Gloxinias named Her Majesty, snow-white, finely-formed flowers, borne on short stems just clear of the elegantly recurving foliage. Fine batches were noted of those useful winter-flowering Begonias Gloire de Lorraine and Turnford HalL Pearson's fine types of zonal Pelargoniums give a welcome dash of colour, as do Fuchsias in good variety and admir- ably flowered, being judiciously toned down by f'-t •>-.;;V THOMPSOW S PEAR. the greenery aflbrded by suitable and healthy- looking Palms and Ferns. The conservatory was looking at its best. How attractive were the well-grown and flowered plants of Lilium longi- florum, with the snow-white trumpet- shaped flowers produced in rich abundance ! There are three vineries, and the Vines are in the rudest of health, carrying good crops. The borders were made and the Vines planted by the late Mr. Baines some twenty-three years ago, and during the time Mr. Addison has had charge of them — some eight years — they have always produced an abundance of fruit. The sorts grown are Muscat of Alexandria, Black Hamburgh, Foster's Seed- ling, and Madreefield Court Black Muscat. The writer may well wind up these remarks of a charmingly-kept place by observing that, with regard to outside matters, note was made of a good planting of Rhododendrons (Lee's hybrids), which had flowered magnificently. Roses in excellent variety gave promise of a good bloom- ing season. Striking was an arrangement of that grand white flower, Gladiolus The Bride, in a bed of Roses edged by pome good border Carna- tions. Fine standard Fuchsias, that well-known bedding Pelargonium Henry Jacoby, with an undergrowth of Harrison's Musk, the whole having a background of fine trees and shrubs, made au efltctive combination. The Sea Thrift, flowering profusely in a border, is quite worthy of mention. A fine Medlar on the lawn is very conspicuous. Quo. LEGAL POINTS. Mortgagor and Mortgagee (S. (?.). — The Market Gardeners' Act, 1895, does not apply to transactions between mortgagors and mortgagees, but only to those between landlords and tenants. The question which you put does not seem to be one of practical importance. If you remove or attempt to remove the greenhouses, &c., the mortgagee will probably call in his money. It therefore seems to be immaterial to enquire whether the security upon the greenhouses, &c., is valid. If the greenhouses, &c. , were not mentioned in the mortgage it is clear that they would form part of the mortgagee's security. The mention of the greenhouses, &c., in the deed may have the effect of constituting it a bill of sale and rendering it invalid in so far as concerns the greenhouses, &c. ; but this is not clear. We advise you not to remove the greenhouses, &c. , without the mortgagee's consent. Removing Fruit Trees, &c. (Woodman). — A servant who resides in a cottage belonging to his master cannot claim compensation on the termi- nation of his engagement for fruit trees. Rose trees, vegetables, &o., which he has planted. Neither the Agricultural Holdings Act nor the Market Gardeners' Compensation Act applies to such a case. No doubt if you ask the " heir" to allow you to remove the trees, &c. , he will comply with your request, provided that the removal will not injure the garden or orchard in which they are planted. PRIZES FOR GARDENERS. JULY. OPEN TO ALL. GARDENING IN TOWN AND SUBURB. A First Prize of FOUR GUINEAS, A Second Prize of TWO GUINEAS, A Third Prize of ONE GUINEA, And a Fourth Prize of HALF-A-GUINEA are offered for the best answers to the following questions. I. — Mention the names of the twelve Rises which grow and flower most freely in the suburbs of large towns. II. — Describe the way you would plant a shady border in a town garden to get the prettiest spring and early summer effects. III. — Name the class of tree or shrub that cannot be grown with success near large towns. IV. — What shrubs would you select for planting in such gardens ? Give the names of the best six. V. — Why is it that plants with rough leaves are not, as a rule, a success near large towns ? VI. — Name twenty difi^erent hardy plants that are quite happy in town gardens, almost as much so as in the country. VII. — Name the six foliage plants that succeed beat in the rooms of a suburban house. VIII. — Name the best six climbing plants for a town garden. Answers to these questions, written on one side of the paper only, must be addressed to The Editor of The Garden, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Girden, L'jndnn, aud the envelopes marked " Competitinn. " They must reach here not later than the 31st inst. The Editor cannot undertake to return the MS. of unsuccessful contributors. 16 THE GAKDEN. [July 8, .905. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. RULES FOR CORRESPONDENTS. Questions and Answers.— rA« Editor intends to make Tax Oaedkn helpful to alt readers who desire ODftixtance, no matter what the branch 0/ gardening may be, and with that object will make a special feature of the *' Answers to Correspondents" column. All eom/munica- tions ght»iid be clearly and concisely written on one side of the paper only, and addressed to the EDITOR of THE Garden, 5. Southampton Street, Strand, London. Letters on business should he sent to the Pdblishbr. The name and address of the sender are required in addition to any designation he may desire to be used in the paper. When more than one query is sent, each should be on a separate pifcf of paver. Legral Points. — We are prepared to answer questions of law which have anything to do with the subject of gardening and forestry. The questions should be as clear and explicit as possible, so that there can be 7W doubt as to the point of the question. Answers will be found in a separate column headed "Legal Points." Varying Hawthorn {A. Taylor). — Possibly the pink-flowered Hawthorn was grafted on to the white one, which has gradually developed unchecked, and has at last overgrown the pink ; or this last named having originated from the white one, it may be a case of reversion to the original type. There is no set custom in the trade in reference to the return of unsatisfactory plants, and different firms regird the matter in different lights. It certainly seems strange for a firm to treat the subject as mentioned in your letter, and if it happened there must have been, we should think, some misunderstanding. Both Gladioli and Hippeastrums need three years to reach the flowering stage from seed. Pruning Syringa, Wistaria, and Rose {E S. H.). — If by Syringa you mean Phila- delphus or Mock Orange, you need only thin your bushes as soon as the flowers fade. If true Syringa, or, giving it its common name. Lilac, is meant, you should thin out the branches and reduce the young shoots, leaving the centres of the bushes open. Your Wistaria will be more likely to flower if you shorten the long shoots which have been formed this year to four or five buds, making them form spurs. This work should be done at once. The Carmine Pillar Rose may have some of the oldest wood removed as soon as the flowers are over. SwBKT Pbas in Pots (A. K. M.). — Sweet Peas are frequently grown in pots for flowering in the greenhouse, but no matter how admirably they are tended, they are never as floriferous as when cultivated out of doors. You could sow about ten seeds in an 8 inch pot, containing sound loam over good drainage, in September. Keep them out of doors as long as possible, and then take them into the greenhouse. It is impossible to say definitely when they would flower, as this would depend upon the weather and your con- veniences. Or the plants can be grown in pots in cold frames and transferred thence to the greenhouse. In either case the feeding must be generous from the time the plants come into their first bloom. LiLIUM OANDIDOM DISEASED ( ffeddiBj*). — Your Lilium candidum are attacked by the L'ly disease or fungus. This fungu3 is known by two different names, as it appears in two very dissimilar forms, which have been only recently recognised as belonging to one species. This is a very serious disease, and has destroyed these Lilies in many places. In very bad cases the best thing to do is to dig up and burn the entire plant, bulb and all. When the attack is not so virulent, the infested parts should be cut away and burnt, and the rest of the plant sprayed with Bordeaux mixture. A very similar disease attacks Psonies. The fungus is now in its botrytis form. Later on some of the spores will germinate and become small blackish nodules in the tissues of the plants and the soil. These are known as Selerotia. These again produce spores, which germinate on the stems and leaves.— G. S. S. Corrant Leaves Diseased (/. A. 8.). — The leaves of your Currants are attacked by one of the shot hole funguses, belonging probably to the genus cercospora, and by the grubs of the Goose- berry and Currant saw-fly (Nematus Ribesii). The best cure for the former is picking off all the worst infested leaves and then spraying the bushes with loz. of sulphide of potassium (liver of sulphur) or Bordeaux mixture. The grubs should be picked off by hand, or they may be poisoned by spraying the bushes with loz kept well mixed in 15 gallons of water, add 2jz. of freshly-burnt lime, or mix the Paris green with the Bordeaux mixture, but not with the sulphide of potassium. If the bushes are bearing fruit, care must be taken to wash the fruit thoroughly before it is eaten, as Paris green is very poisonous. Pick off and burn any leaves or shoots of the Chrysanthemums, which are evidently so much injured as to be of no further use to the plants. Tnen spray with diluted Bordeaux mixture or sulphide of potassium as directed above. — G. S. S. Tamarisk (M. E. Webster).— We have never before met with such a beautiful golden form of the Tamarisk, neither can we learn that such a one is in cultivation. If you succeed in its propagation you have undoubtedly a shrub with a great future before it ; and propagation of the Tamarisk is by no means a difficult matter. Still, you cannot expect this variety to be increased as readily as the common kind, and if you have facilities for the purpose we should advise taking cuttings about 4 inches or 5 inches in length and dibbling them into pots of sandy soil pressed down mode- rately firm. After this they should have a good watering through a fine rose, and then be placed in a cold frame kept close and shaded from direct sunshine. With a convenient frame cuttings may be put in at almost any season (the present being a good time) ; but failing this protection the cuttings should be inserted in early autumn, choosing a sheltered border for their reception. By sheltered is meant a spot protected from harsh winds, but not overhung with trees. Whichever method of propagation you follow one great point to bear in mind is that on no account are you to cut all the coloured portion off your plint, but be sure and leave some to grow, as if the whole of the golden part is cut away and you are unfortunate with the cuttings this beautiful sport may be lost, whereas if some portions are allowed to remain uncut they will yield a further supply of cuttings. To Destroy Weeds on Garden Paths and Lawns {O. H. B. M.). — There are various pre- parations on the market for the destruction of weeds on walks, many of them being from time to time advertised in our columns. We have had long experience in the use of these weed destroyers, and we have no hesitation in saying that they aremosteffective,andare certainly cheaper than hand weeding or the application of salt by at least 30 per cent. One application will render the walks immune from weeds for at least twelve months, and sometimes, in our experience, for considerably longer. Directions how to use the fluid are given on delivery. Most of these destroyers are composed of arsenic, therefore the utmost care must be observed in handling and securely storing the same. It is impossible to give the cost per yard run without knowing the width of the walks, but it will be found to amount to very little. It should be applied with an ordinary watering-can having a rose to it, and if the edges of the walks be formed of grass or any other living edging, the liquid must not be laid on the walk within 10 inches of such edging, otherwise there is a danger of the poison being washed into the edging by a shower of rain and damaging the same. For the destruction of weeds on lawrs, such as Dandelions, Plantains, and Daisies at this time of the year, there is no prepara- tion which will effectually kill these weeds with- out at the same time injuring the grass. The best way is to employ a handy boy or a woman who has a partly worn and pointed old table knife, and cut the roots (or stems) of those weeds 2 inches or 3 inches underground, plucking them up and carrying them away. This is by far the most effectual way in our experience, and it is wonderful how soon a lawn can be got rid. of these obnoxious weeds by perseverance in this course for a few seasons. Plom Trees (Rev. A. 0. Loughlin). — Your trees are attacked by green fly rather badly, and it you do not remove or destroy them they will weaken the young shoots considerably. You may kill the green fly by syringing the ends of the shoots with Tobacco water (made by soaking Tobacco paper in water), by dusting the shoots with Tobacco powder (obtainable from horticul- tural sundriesmen), or by syringing with soft soapy water. The latter may be made by dissolving a handful of soft soap in two gallons of water and adding a wineglassful of paratfia. Syringing the shoots forcibly with clear water will remove some of the insects but will not kill them. You could also use one of the many good insecti- cides advertised ; they are very convenient. We assume that you mean breast wood, a name given by gardeners to the useless side-shoots which are produced in abundance on fruit trees daring summer. Sweet Briars and Cattle (P. H. J.). — We should not care to leave a valuable hedge of Sweet Briar to the tender mercies of cattle, although we question whether they would injure it to any great extent provided other food was plentiful. A few strands of barbed wire would, however, be advisable, if you contemplate planting Briars around a paddock or meadow. We certainly should prefer the Penzance Briars to the common Sweet Briar. There is such a variety of colours in the blossom, and the foliage is so charming in tint as well as fragrant. Moreover, some of the kinds, such as Anne of Geierstein, grow with extraordinary vigour. We should advise you to grow Erica carneain a peaty soil. This variety perhaps would endure lime better than others, but we should not advise planting near limestone if it can be avoided. You could make a low wall of burrs, which can be procured from a briekmaker. Have two parallel rows about 1 foot apart and about 18 inches deep, put some rough stones in the bottom, then fill up with peat in which a little fibrous loam is added, tread this firmly into the trench, then plant. Heaths should not be buried deeply. Try and leave the collar of the plant above the peat. Diseased Vine Leaves [F. J.). — It is evident by the Vine leaves sent that they and the Vines generally are suffering from an attack of red slider or thrips — probably the former — as that insect is generally more troublesome to Vines than the other. As the Vine roots are in an outside border it is probable that before the recent rainfall the border had become very dry, and nothing so soon helps to breed red spider ; then the fact that it is the younger or more tender leaves which are most affected is evidence that the cause is absorption of sap by insects. You may also have kept the house shut up too close, and thus generated a hot, dry atmosphere, as that again helps to rapidly breed red spider. The roots are now probably well moistened ; in any case see that they are kept so all the summer until at least the Grapes begin to colour. A light mulch of long manure on the border would do good ; then syringe the Vines thoroughly with clear water night and morning, and do not allow a hot, dry atmosphere to be created. If you have hot water pipes in the house have them heated, then coat them over with a sulphur wash, or well wet them and dust with sulphur, shutting the house up close for several hours to July 8, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 17 geoerate vapour. You may also geatly spray or syringe the leaves with a decoction of Qaassia chips, made by soaking 2oz in a gallon of boiling water, and dissolve ^Ib. of soft soap in two qtiarts of hot water, then adil to the other, and gently syringe when cool. Sjme of these remedies must be applied at once before the insects get too great a hold of the leaves. Geraniom Cuttings {F. T'Aomas).— We should advise you take cuttings from your Geraniums, or Pelargoniums as they are more properly called, in late summer rather than wait until spring. Cuttings from firm shoots will root easily if put firmly in small pots or in boxes filled with very sandy soil. Cut the shoot below a joint and make the base firm in the pot or box. A good plan is to pat a layer of sand on top of the soil, then, when you make a bole with the dibber in which to insert the cutting, some of the sand falls into the hole ; thus the base of the cutting rests directly upon sand, which encourages root- ing. The cuttings will require very little water indeed for some time. Place the boxes or pots in which they have been placed in full sun, on a bed of ashes if possible. They may remain there until about the end of September in a pit or frame that is dry, and from which frost is excluded. D imping is an evil from which they suffer greatly, and all dead or decaying leaves should be promptly picked off. Diseased Peab Leaves {A. Bill). — The leaves are injured by gall mites (Phytoptus Pyri). Very often the blisters caused by these mites are so numerous that the leaves may become covered with them. In severe cises almost every leaf on a tree may be more or less in j ared, to the great detriment of the health of the tree. The most successful way of destroying this mite is by closely watching for its attack in early summer, and cutting off the diseased leaves as soon as perceived ; by this means its further progress may be arrested. Once a tree has been badly infested it is almost a hopeless task to try and get rid of the mite, as they shelter in the buds and reappear with new growth in spring. Prevention of Caterpillars on Roses {E. H. N.). — One of the best known remedies for freeing Rose bushes of the destructive cater- pillars is late pruning, after the plants have started into leaf. The moths lay their eggs in the topmost shoots, and if we prune these away, then, to a great extent, we are saved the ravages of these obnoxious insects. If you observe an old neglected Rose bush — one that is left un- pruned — you will find that it is usually tainted with caterpillars, whereas a maiden, or one year old plant, that has been cut back, as it should be, to three or four eyes from the base, has fine healthy young shoots, with not a sign of a cater- pillar, although too often visited with the ubiqui- tous aphis. The caterpillars that infest Roses are usually the Iarv« of moths, and most of these fiy at night or in the evening. These moths are insignificant little creatures that almost escape one's notice. We do not think any dressing of the soil or shoots would prevent the moths de- positing their eggs ; but much can be done by good cultivation and hard pruning to ward them off, as insect pests of all sons find a ready victim in a debilitated plant. Cauliflower Attacked sr Grub (K. J. H. and Subscriber). — I am sorry to say in examining the pests you sent I forgot which letter belonged to which box, and as each referred to the roots of Cauliflowers attacked by a maggot in one case and a grub in the other I had nothing to put me right. The oblong box with a hinged lid con- tained roots attacked by caterpillars, which were very active and about an inch in length ; they are the caterpillars of one of the Stvift moths, the Garden Swift (Hefrialus lupulinus). These caterpillars are very destructive in gardens, feed- ing on the roots of a great variety of plants. I do not know of any practical way of destroying them but turning them up out of the soil, or rooting up the plant they are attacking. Any insecticides which would kill them would also be fatal to the plants. Watering heavily with a strong solution of nitrate of soda or some liquid manure would be distasteful to the caterpillars and beneficial to the plants. The round box with pull-off lid contained roots attacked by the spotted snake millipede (Blanjulus guttulatus), also a very destructive pest to the roots of various plants and ripe Strawberries. I have seen a dozan on one fruit ; they are very difficult to kill by any insecticide on account of their horny skins. Strong brine or a strong solution of nitrate of soda will do so if it can be made to reach them in sufficient strength. They may often be trapped by burying slices of Turnip, Mangold, Potato, or Carrot just below the surface of the soil next the plants they are attacking. The baits should be examined every morning ; a small wooden skewer stuck into each will show where they are buried. If the crop has been badly infested the ground should be well dressed with gas lime and fallowed for some mouths. — G. S. S. Weedy Te.snis Lawn (An Old Subscriber). — At this time of the year we do not advise the application of lawn sand or any other prepara- tion for the destruction of weeds on a lawn. The gra'is being young and tender there is a risk of damaging the grass as well as killing the weeds, thereby spoiling the appearance of the lawn for the season. Liwn sand is effective in destroying Daisies without injuring the grass if applied in the month of March in safe proportions, as directed in instructions given by the manufac- turers ; but it will not kill Plantain or Dandelion. The best remedy for these is to cut them deep in the ground and pluck them up and throw away. Some recommend caustic applications for burning the roots of such weeds as Dandelions and Plan- tain ; but the application of such a remedy in- volves as much labour very nearly as cutting the roots, besides the risk run of burning the grass near the weeds and leaving ugly brown patches on the lawn for the rest of the summer. Fuchsias [Mrs. Clarke). — A temperature of about 60° is most suitable for the young plants in spring, giving plenty of water, and syringing morning and afternoon. The latter helps to keep down insect pests as well as encourage growth. If your plants are unshapely you should pinch back those shoots which are growing too freely, so as to allow the weaker ones a better chance. The Fuchsia is not particular as to soil, although one composed of two parts loamy soil and one of cow manure perhaps suits it best. If your plants are under glass they should have plenty of air and some shade. You do not say whether your plants are out of doors or under glass ; in fact, you give no information whatever about them. If they are under glass their not flowering satisfactorily may be due to the growth not being hard enough, owing to an insufficient supply of air to the house. If they are outside, a shady place would not be conducive to free flowering. If you will give us more details about your Fuchsias we shall be able to give you a better answer. Peaches Fallisg (0. S.). — The usual cause of Peaches dropping at the stage your fruit has arrived at is faulty stoning; but in the fruit before us this is clearly not the cause, as the kernel is perfectly healthy. The fact that these two trees have failed in the same way for two years points, we think, to the conclusion that they are sufferiogfromsome constitutional weakness. Some of the fruit is badly gummed, as if the trees were safferingfrom this malady, and others are affected by what appears to be a fungus. We have occa- sionally come across similar cases to yours, and we have invariably found that the cause of the mischief has been at the routs and in the soil. We should advise that the trees be partially, or better still, if not too large, wholly taken up in the autumn and replanted in new soil. We are sure it will be found that many of the main roots have run away from home, and are, to a great extent, fibreless ; such roots should be cut back within 2 feet or 3 feet of the stem before re- planting. You will also, we think, find that the soil ihey have been growing in is deficient in lima. In replanting add two barrowloads of lime to each cartload of loam, and half a bag of J-inch bones, but no organic manure. In our case this treatment has always hid the effect of soon bringing round such trees into a good and permanent beaiing condition. PjiONiKS {R. D.). — We cannot advise you to out down the P£e:)nie3 at this season, and we would not do so before the end of July at the earliest. The longer the foliage can remain the greater possibilitiea are there for the full deve- lopment of the crown bud upon which the flowering next year depends. The longer you prolong the life of the foliage and sttms — and in these plants feeding and encouraging the stems also — so much more in proportion will be the yield as well as the size of the flowers in the year to come. Peonies are too valuable in the garden to expose to any risk. We use every endeavour to keep the foliage going as long as we can, so much indeed do we value it. Tree Carnations {Florhel). —Yova: better plan, we think, as the plants are probably some- what thin and starved, will be to shorten back the growths and plant out in good garden soil. Do not cut hard back, but so shorten the growths that when the old flowering spike has been cut away there still remains at the point from which it originated not less than six pairs of leaves to produce fresh shoots for flowering again. At the same time with the gioaler freedom of root action many fresh shoots will appaar, and some of these will make good cuttings by autumn. In September the old plants may ba lifted and potted, and will doubtless flower during the winter Tree Carnations may receive applications of soot water or this and cow manure in mixture twice weekly in the growing seaion. The highly concentrated chemical manures are not good for this class of Carnation as a rule. Where fresh 3'oung plants are grown in pots a little bone- meal may be added to the soil in proportion of a 6-inch potful to each barrowful of soil. Tree Carnations are given to spot at times, but it is unusual to have so much variety as you describe from a single plant. As a race of seedlings the flowers were of good average quality. Injury to Vines, Peaches, and Tomatoes ( W. C. ). —We are sorry for our correspondent for the misfortune that has happened to his Vines and Peaches, and cannot account for the damage happening without some special or accidental cause. It is certainly not owing to bad cultiva- tion or neglect, as the foliage of both the Vines and Peaches is free from insects and well developed. We do not think the damage has been caused by polluted atmosphere. You would immediately have found this out by the bid smell, therefore we are forced to the conclusion that it is the roots which are damaged, and your discovery of the escape of gas and its penetration through the drains and grounds of the houses point, we think, very much to the fact that the gas was the cause of the mischief. How great the injury has been, and how long it may affect the health of the trees, depend on the extent of the injury, and this cannot be ascertained before the autumn, when the roots may be examined. In any case it must weaken the trees for a year or two by the serious check it has given to this j'ear's growth. The best you can do for the trees now is to encourage the promotion of new growth by shading from hot sunshine in the middle of the day, and by keeping the atmosphei e moist and not giving too much air, keeping the roots fairly moist, but not too wet. When free growth is re-established, the shading should be discontinued, and more air admitted in order to promote a harder and better ripened growth. With reference to your claiming damages against the gas company, send us full details, aad we will give you a reply under " Legal Points." 18 THE GARDEN. fJDLY 8, 1905. Names OF Plants —.V. //. Vurli/mtrich.—\. Sidalcea canciida ; 2, Tradeacamia virginicfl ; 3, Hesperis matro- naliB ; 4, Lychnis chalcedonici ; 5, Geranium Endresii. yfwcast'.e.—CoTna-i aangiiinea. IVW.— 1, Dianthus flonbundus ; 2. V^iburimm Linlana ; 3. Symphcricarpus raceraosas ; 4, Ranunculus scleratua ; 5, Galium ilolluso ; C, Epilobium teiragonum ; 7, Prunella vulgaris. Knthe- rinc G. Kiiuiear.— A strong variety of the Harebell (Campanula roLundUoHa). T. K. Marsh. — Eriflreron philadelphicu^— Th^ B/-oofc,— The Japanese Rise (Rosa rugosa) V. W. Z>.— Limnunthes Douglasi. 1>. Cul- ro^s.— 1, Orchis maculata ; 2, A?)ter alpinus ; ;i. Geum miniatum. Si(bscri'>er. — Ceisia cretica. Keut Readier. — Lathyrua granditloiui X Bond —Both are specimens of Kalmia latifolia, which, being raised in considerable quantities from seed, often shows a certain amount of individual variation. H. C. A'ave. — Kerria jiponica var. variegata. liev. T. A. Holcro/t. — l, Tradescantia vir- gtnica ; 2, Veronicuni Teucrium var. ; 3, .Saxifraga (Megfs.>a) Stracheyi probably, but it is difficult to name the Megasea from leaves only. F. D. Brork'^lurst.— L'tvage (Levisticum officinale). Sarum.—l, Climbing Devoolensis ; 2, Flora ; 3, probably a Damask Rose (Rosa oaraascena), variety not recognised. Miss Emptton. — We believe the Rose to be Ayrshire splendena or Myrih- ecented. Short Replies.— IF. Pearce.—\Ve have known Ihis strain of Foxglove for years, but the terminal giant flower has bpen generally acknowledged to be no im- provement. It is in reality a malformation destroying the natural grice of the plant. Ajax.— Yon should gather your Cnpressus cones as soon as ripe and place them in a warm and dry place until they burst. The seeds may then be sown at once in a warm prepared border, using light soil. If you are troubled with mice roll the seeds in red lead previous to sowing. If yon were to sow a few seed's in pans or boxes in a cold frame it would be an advantage. PRESENTATION TO MR. LEONARD SUTTON. The esteem in which the Reading and District Gardeners' Association hold their president, Mr. Leonard Sutton, was shown on Miy '2G, when an illuminated address and silver CENTREPIECE PRESENTED TO MR. L. SDTTON. centre-piece were presented to him by the members. The ceremony took place in the University Cllege Gardens in the presence tf some 150 members. Theworningof the address was as follows : " We, the undersigned members of the Reading and District Gardeners' Mutual Improve- ment Association venture to ask you to do us the honour to accept the accompanying silver ceutre-pitce as a flight and very sincere toktn of uur great respect and apprecia- tion of your kind services as president since January, 19U2. Under your diieclion and uuidance the asscciatiun has fteadily progreshed as a power fur cood in all matters relating to hoiticiilture. The deep Interest you have taken in providing opportunities fur increasing our knowledge and experience is so much appreciated t hat we hope it may I'C a real pleasure to y<-u to receive this tangible txpression (,f our fetlingo." Then fallowed the names of 2UU subsciihers. xMr. T. ,T, Powell of Paik P.ace Gardens, ilenley-un-Thames, expressed on behalf of the members cf the flBsnciatii'ii their indebtedness to Mr. Leonaid Sutton for his iQvalMal)le h^lp and encourage- ment. As president he had done all he poMibly could to biing the association to a high state of tffioiency. Mr. Stanton of Park Place Gardens, Mr. W. Barnes of Bear- wood Gardens, and Mr. T. Neve (honorary secretary) also spoke, and eventually Mr. W. Townsend, Sandhurst Lodge Gardens, made the presentation. Mr. Leonard Sutton replied at some length, and assured the members of his appreciation of their kindness and his continued interest in the association. SOCIETIES. HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITS AT THE PARK ROYAL SHOW. IM5IEDIATELY on the right of the main entrance to the show ground is the imposing exhibit of Messrs. Sutton and Sons of Reading. Grasses and Clovers in growth, as found in the fields at this time of year, were shown, each variety labelled with its popular and botanical name. A collec- tion of dried weeds and innutritions grasses found in poor pastures, as well as specimens of the grasses which flourish in rich and profitable pastures, were on view. Sutton's pedigree stocks of agricultural seeds were represented by some capital roots. Some of the best Potatoes, including the famous Sutton's Discovery, were to be seen. A brilliant display of Gloxinias, double Begonias, and other ttowers from Messrs. Sutton's seed houses illustrated another department of this great seed business. The fiowers formed a brilliant centrepiece, the beauty of which was enhanced by a bank of velvety turf grown from Sutton's lawn grass seeds. Messrs. Carter and Co., High Holborn, had an extensive exhibit of seeds, grasses, flowers, and roots. In the centre were Gloxinias, Begonias, Lilies, and Verbenas, while specimens of lawn and meadow grasses, cereals, Clovers, and other farm and garden products, including a collection of vegetables, were attractively displayed in great quantity and variety. Messrs. Webb and Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge, exhibited flowers, vegetables, and roots, the produce of tneir seeds, in considerable variety. Sweet Peas and other flowers filled the centre of the exhibit, and on either side were arranged specimens of grasses, cereals, roots, and vegetables. A number of varieties of Peas, including some of Webb's special varieties, were a splendid feature. Messrs. Dicksons, Chester, made a showy display with pot plants and cut flowers. They also exhibited seeds and grasses in variety. Messrs. Dicksons also exhibited a group of trees and shrubs, ct/.. Rhododendrons, Acers, Cupressus raacrocarpa lutea, and other conifers. Messrs. Dickson, Brown, and Tait, Manchester, showed a collection of dried grasses and Clovers, together with seeds, vegetables, and flowers. Messrs. Kent and Brydon, Darlington, exhibited a bright group of shrubs and C(jiiifer3. Several good things among them were Cupressus lawsoniana Allummi, Piceu excelsa aurea, Cupressus pisifera fliifera, and others. The exhibit of trees and shrubs from Messrs. Fisher, Son and Sibray, Limited, Hand5worth,Sheflaeld, contained many good and rare plants. The plants of the silver and golden variegated varieties of Dimorphotheca mandschurica were a feature of this group. Other splendid plants were Abies Engelmanni giauca pendula, Ilex crenata, Abies brachy- phyiU, Piuninopitys elegans. Abies Omorika, Pinus natfouriana (the rare Fux-tail Pme), Abies hookeriana, Taxus ericoioes, and others Messrs. William Cutbuah and Sons, Highgate, exhibited an interesting group of their clipped trees in many curious forms and designs. Mr. L. R. Ruasell, Richmond, showed several groups of trees and shrubs, largely composed of Accra (in variety). Oaks, Clematises, Eurya, and conifers. Messrs. Little and Ballantyne, Carlisle, exhibited a group of Acers, Hollies, conifers, and other treees and shrubs. They vTure represented by good specimens, attractively arranged. The same flim also showed an exhibit of grasses, cereals, flowers, etc., products of their seeds. The Agricultural and Horticultural Association, Long Acre, W.C., had a large exhibit of seeds, manures, flowers, and plants, representing the One and All specialities. Messrs. Garton and Co., Warrington, showed an extensive collection of farm seeds, grasses. Clovers, cereals, Ac. Messrs. Dickson and Robinson, Manchester, exhibited a very attractive lot of Verbenas and Marguerites, English Irises, Gladioli, glasses, cereals, &c. The Marguerites comprised a new Anemone-flowered white variety, and among the Verbenas was The King, an improved form of the variety Miss Wijlmott. Among the miscellaneous exhibits were the following : Motorand other lawn mowers from J.Green and Son, Ltd., Leeds and London, and Ranpomes, Sims and Jefferies, Limited, Ipswich ; tents from .lohn Unite, Edgware Rond ; garden seats and tents from Headly and Edwards, Cam- bridge, and C. and W. Buswell. Vicloiia Work**, Torquay ; rustic tummer-houses from Henry an-t Julius Cieiar, King's Cross and Knutsfurd, Chefchire ; Inmans and Co., Streifurd, Manchester, and G. W. Riley, Heme Hill ; garden seats, pergolas, rustic summer-houses, and other garden furniture, greenhouses, and frames from J. P. White, The Pyghlle Works, Bedford ; fences and pslings from the Economic Fencing Company, Billiter House, Billiter street, E,C. ; patent cement (non-rotting) green- house silH and attachments from A. T. Goodwin, U The Bride being the best; second, Mr. R. W. Bowyer ; third, Mr. F. H. Cooke. Of growers of less than 250 plants Mr. W. Leggett, Colchester, won the first prize for six distinct blooms. Among local growers, Mr. C. R. Garney-Hoare, Lexden» won the silver medal tfl'ered by the Mayoress fur the best twelve distinct blooms. Maman Cochet and Ulrich Brunner were among the best. Dr. B. H. Nicholson woo the second prize, and Mr. G. A. Fincham the third. The best six blooms, distinct (loca)), were shown by Sir M, E. Giant Duff, Lexden Park (gardener. Air. W. Oliver); and the best six Teas by Mrs. C. M. Stanford, Braiswick- In the exir* classes for amateurs, Mr. F. H. Cooke, Birch, was first, Kaieerin A. Victoria being an almost perfect bloom ; second, Mr. 0. G. Orpen, West Bertiholt ; third, Mr. R. Steward, Saxlingham. The best six Briar Roses were shown by Dr. B. H. Nicholson, Colchester ; the best six blooms of one variety (except Tea or Noisette) by Mr. G. A. Hammond, Burgess HilL Frau Karl Druschki was the vaiitty shown. Mr. O. G. Orpen won the first prize for twelve bunches* f distinct garden Roses in the extra clisses for araateurp. L:idy Cuiz m and R osa macrantha were two of the best. The Hon. W. Lov^iher, Campsea Ashe, was second. Mr. H. G. Egerton Green, King's Ford, showed the test six bunches ol garden Roses. Plants. The best group of pot plants arranged for effect was set up by Sir M. E. Grant Duff, Lexden Park (gardener, Mr. fHivet). and the same txhibitc r also won first piiz^ for h table of pot plants, arranged for tffect on a space 12 feet by 3 feet. Cut Flowers. Messrs. Wallace and Co., Kilnfield Gardens, Colchester, won first prize for a collection of hardy fiowera with a very fresh and attractive exhibit that comprised July 8, 1905.] THE GAEDEN. 19 Calochortl, Liliums, CEaothera speclosa, Fsoonles, Phloxes, Delphiniums, &c. Mr. R. C. Notcutt, Woodbridge, was second. The Hon. W. Lowther, Campaea Ashe, won the first prize in the amateur classes for eighteen, twelve, and six bunches of hardy flowers. For six bunches of Pa)"jnles Messrs. Bunting and Son, LexdenU >ad, C.tlchester. were first. For twelve bunches of Sweet Peas Messrs. E. W. King and Oo., Coggeshall, won first prize, while Mr. W, J. Weeks had the best six bunches, and Messrs. E. W. King and Co. the finest nine vases of Sweet Peas, distinct varieties. Floral Decorations. Mrs. 0. G. Orpen, West Bergholt, Colchester, won the first prize for table decoration with Koses only. She used large white single Roses very effectively, and yet very simply ; Miss Akers was second. Mrs. Orpen also took first prize for a basket of cut flowers and for a posy. The best epergne of flowers was shown by Mrs. Paxman, Flisted Hall ; Messrs. Saltmarsh and Son, Chelmsford, winning for a bowl of Sweet Peas. Fruit and Vegetables. For a cbllection of six dishes of ripe fruit the Hon. W. Lowther, Campsea Ashe (gartener, Mr. Andrews), won first prize. Strawberry Waterloo was the beat dish. Mr. Messenger, gardener to C. H. Berners, Esq., Ipswich, was second with, on the whole, we thought, finer dishes; third, Mr. F. Woods, gardener to A. G. Munford, Esq. For three bunches of Grapes the Hight Hon. Jas. Round, SIP. (gardener, Mr. Bishop) was first, while Mr. Mes- senger won for six Peaches, six Nectarines, Melon for fiavour, and a dish of thirty Strawberries for weight. The Hon. W. Lowther was first for three dishes of Strawberries, and Mr. G. N. Maynard, Colchester, had the finest fiavoured fruits. Among tlie most successful competitors in the vegetable classes were Mr. G. N. Maynard, Mr. J. H. Salter, J.P., the Right Hon. J. Round, M.P., and Mr. H. G. Egerton Green. NON-OOMPETITIVB. Messrs. Wallace and Co., Colchester, exhibited a rockery planted with choice alpine and other plants. Lilium rubellum was charming, so, too, were L. tenulfoHum, the alpine Pinks, Wataonia coccinea, and the Calochortl. Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Rothesay, showed a brilliant group of Sweet Peas in some good sorts. Among the new ones were Bolton's Pink (very good), Scarlet Gem, Florence Molyneux (white splashed with rose), Countess Spencer (pink), Mrs. H. K. Barnes (buff tinged with rose), Janet Scott (rich pink), and others. Messrs. Ford, Smith and Co., Woodbridge, showed Schlzanthusand Chrysanthemum Morning Star splendidly, together with Cornflowers, Marguerites, and other kinds of hardy flowers. Mr. E. Abbott, Ardleigh, exhibited a collection of Sweet Peas, Including the new sorts Janet Scott, Jeannle Gordon, Agnes Johnson, and others. Messrs. J. K. King and Sons, Coggeshall and Reading, exhibited fifty varieties of Sweet Peas in many good sorts. Meaars. E. W. King and Co., Coggeshall, also showed Sweet Peaa In quantity and good variety. WALT0N-0N-THAME3 AND DISTRICT ROSE SOCIETY. Though not extensive, this show, held on the 29th nit., was a very interesting one. In the class for forty-eight distinct blooms, for which a challenge cup and £2 were offered, Mesara. B. R. Cant and Sons, Colchester, were first with a very fine lot of blooms- White Lady, Beasie Brown, Captain Hayward, Quatave Piganeau, and others ; Messrs. George Cooling and Sons, Bath, were second ; Messrs. Fletcher Brothers, Chertsey, were third. In the class for twenty-four blooms Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons were again first ; Messrs. George Cooling and Sons, second ; and Messrs. W. Spooner and Son, Woking, third. All in this class showed very fine blooms. In the class for twelve distinct Teas or Noisettes, Messrs. Cooling and Sons, Bath, were first. Mrs. E. Mawley, Marie van Houtte, and Souvenir de Pierre Notting were good, Messrs. Fletcher Brothers were the only other exhibitors, to whom a third prize was awarded. For eighteen bunches of garden Roses Messrs. Cooling and Sons, Bath, were first with tine bunches of fresh blooms— Dr. Grill, Liberty, Marquis of Salisbury, Beryl, and others ; Messrs. W. Spooner and Son, Woking, were a good second. For nine bunches of single varieties, Messrs. Cooling and Sons were first with pretty varieties — Moachata nivea, Anderson!, Rugosa rubra, &c. ; Messrs. W. Spooner and Son were second ; and Messrs. Fletcher third. Amateurs. In the amateurs' class for eighteen distinct varieties, Mr. Kepple H. Gifford, Sutton, was first with very fine blooms ; Mr. W. T. West, Sutton, a good second ; and Mr. F. T. Nightingale, Sutton, third. There were five entries in this class, and all were good. In the class for twelve blooms, distinct (confined to local growers), Mr. E. Mocatta was first with very fine blooms. For six blooms, distinct varieties, there were seventeen exhibitors, all showing very creditable blooms. Mr. G. Sawday, Weybridge, was first ; Mr. C. C. Newman, Shepperton, second ; and Mr. A. D. Cooper, Waltoo-on- Thames, third. For three distinct blooms there was again a strong competition, Mr. C. C. Newman, Shepperton, being first ; Mrs. W. Grifiith, Walton-on-Thamos, second ; and Mr. G. Sawday, third. In the class for six Teas, distinct, there were two entries ; but both were disqualified, as they contained Hybrid Teas and Hybrid Perpetuals, For six bunches of garden Roses there were four good exhibits. Mr. E. Mocatta was first ; and Mr. C. M. Husler, Ciaygate, second. In the class for six blooms of one variety Mr. E. Mocatta was first with fine blooms of Bessie Brown ; and Mr. C. C. Newman, second, with Frau Karl Druschki. Floral Decorations. In the class for table decorations, open to gentlemen, Mr. C. C. Newman was first with a neat arrangement of pink Sweet Peas, Gypsophila, and Ferns. Mr. P. Copland, Walton, was second, using similar fiowers. In a similar class for ladles, Mrs. E. Smith, Walton -on - Thames, was first. Peas and Gypsophila were again the chief fiowers used. The second prize went to Mrs. H. L. Gray. Miss H. Houde, who was third, had a light arrange- ment of Iceland Poppies, yellow and white. In the class for an epergne or bowl of Roses there were five good exhibits, Miss E. Smith, Walton«on-Thamea, being first ; second, Mrs. Godden ; third, Mrs. West. For a bouquet of Roaes there were only two entries, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Newman being awarded equal second. Baskets of Roses were very good, Mrs. Rushwonte, Walton-on- Thames, being first, and Miss N. A. Shepherd second. In the class for Sweet Peas, six varieties, there were seven good exhibits, Mr. E. Mocatta, being first, and Mr. New- man second. For a group of plants, Mr. F, H. Cook, Walton-on- Thames, was first. For an epergne of Sweet Peas a pretty arrangement of Countess Spencer and Vitis heterophylla varlegata took first prize ; and Maude, with Asparagus and Gypsophila, second. The classes for hardy flowers were well filled, and there were some very pretty exhibits. Messrs. Fletcher Brothers, Chertsey, put up a group of hardy flowers, in which Delphinium formosum varieties. Iris Eaempferi, Sweet Peas, Roses, &c., were good. Mesara. Barr and Sons made a large exhibit of hardy flowers in their usual good form. Water Lilies, Delphi- niums, Irises, and many other good things were well shown. RICHMOND FLOWER SHOW, The thirty -first annual exhibition of the Richmond Horticultural Society was held in the Old Deer Park, Richmond, on the 28th ult., the weather being fine and the attendance excellent. As for the exhibition, this was in every respect of a high order of merit. Roses. The classes for Roses are a chief attraction each year, and the good prizes offered bring a strong competition. The chief class Is for forty-eight Roses, distinct, three blooms of each, and in addition to money prizes, amount- ing to £13, the winner of the first prize Is for one year entitled to hold the Gunnersbury Park Challenge Cup, presented to the society by Mr. Leopold de Rothschild. On the present occasion Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sens, The Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, took the first prize with a really grand lot of flowers, some of the best being Mrs. J. Laing, Caroline Testout, Mildred Grant (very fine), Fran Karl Druschki, Mme. Gabriel Luizet, Maman Cochet, and Souvenir de President Carnot ; Messrs. D. Prior and Sons, Colchester, came second, and here we noted White Maman Cochet, Bessie Brown, Mrs. Edward Mawley, and Mildred Grant, all in superb condition. The third prize was awarded Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Braiswick Nursery, Colchester. In the class for twenty-four Roses, distinct, three blooms of each, Messrs. G. and W. H. Burch, Peterborough, took first prize with a very good lot of blooms ; Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons came second ; and Messrs. D. Prior and Sons third. Messrs. Burch also took the lead In the class for twelve Roaes, three blooms of each, Mildred Grant, Bessie Brown, and Souvenir de President Carnot being exceptionally fine. Messrs. Prior and Sons took the second prize In this clas?. In the class for twelve Roses (H.P.'s), -one variety, Messrs. Prior and Sons were in the first place with Mrs. J. Laing; Messrs. B. R. Cant second, with Frau Karl Druschki ; Messrs. Paul and Son coming third with the same variety. For twelve Tea Roses, one variety, Messrs. Prior and Sons, Colchester, were again first, the variety being Mrs. Edward Mawley, in splendid form ; Messrs. F. Cant and Co. second, with Gulden Gate. In the amateurs' division for Roses the Rev. J. H. Pemberton appeared to be the only exhibitor, taking first place in the classes for twenty-four and twelve blooms respectively. In these Mildred Grant, Caroline Testout, Mrs. Grant, White Maman Cochet, Denmark, and Ulster were seen to advantage. . Plants and Cut Flowers. The classes for Sweet Peas, arranged with their own foliage, brought a numerous competition, the premier award going to Earl Dysart, Petersham (gardener, Mr. J. F. Conway), who staged as fine an exhibit of these popular fiowers as we have seen. The classes for table decorations were strongly con- tested, the premier award In the lady amateurs' class going to Miss N. H. Cole, Feltham, whose arrangement consisted of Mrs. Lawson Carnation, yellow Sweet Peas, and Gypsophila elegana. Quite one of the features of the Richmond Show are the groups of plants arranged on the turf, usually in a semi- circle and In a space not exceeding 100 square feet. The first prize was awarded to Mr. Justice Swlnfen Eady, Weybridge, whose arrangement of Palms, Ixoras, Car- nations, Lilies, and Gloriosa superba was very fine ; Mr. H. E. Fordham, Twickenham, was second ; and Mr. Vause, Leamington, was third. The class for cut herbaceous flowers brought several well-known growers to the front, Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt, taking the leading place for twenty-four bunches, In which Helenium Btgelovi, Fseonies, Draco- cephalum japonicum (a good blue), Scabiosa caucasica. Campanula Moerhelmi, and Stachys denticulata were noted ; the Earl of Dysart, Petersham, was second, Tliere were many competitors. Miscellaneous. Messrs. George Jackman and Son, Woking, staged a very fine lot of Roses. Delphiniums, Sweet Peas, Iris Kiompferi, and Preonies. Messrs. Jones and Son, Shrewsbury, showed fine Sweet Peas. Messrs. W. and J. Brown, Peterborough, staged Roses and Pelargoniums in good style. Palms and foliage things generally were good as shown by Mr. W. Thompson, Sheen Nurseries, and Mr. L. R. Russell showed a most effective group of Alocaaias, Ixoras, Nepenthes, and stove plants generally. A superb lot of Orchids from Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, Eaat Sheen (gardener, Mr. W. H. Young), attracted much attention, CattJeyas Mendelil and gigas, Odontoglossum criapura, O. cordatura, La3liatenebrosa, and Phalsenopsis grandiflora rimestadiana being prominent. A gold medal was awarded, the group not being for competition. la the competitive class for Orchids, Sir F. Wigan, Bart., took the premier prize. Messrs. T. S. Ware, Limited, Feltham, had a most expen- sive exhibit, which contained hardy plants and Water Lilies in profusion, also Begonias, border and Tree Carna- tions, and brilliant masses of Rambler Roses. A gold medal was awarded. Messrs. A. L. Gwilllm, New Eltham, Kent, sent a fine lot of Begonias. Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Rothesay, had a fine lot of Pansies and Violas. Messrs. Peed and Sons sent Gloxinias, all In excellent condition. Fruit and vegetables were well staged, Lady Max Waechter'a challenge cup, together with a money prize, being awarded to Mr. Justice Swinfen Eady, Weybridge (gardener, Mr. J. Lock), for a collection of fruit, which included Grapes Black Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling, Peaches, Nectarines, Pine-apple, and Melon. For three butiches of black Grapes, the Right Hon. the Earl of Onslow, Guildford (gardener, Mr. H. W. Blake), was first with extra fine Madresfield Court ; and for three bunches of white Grapes Mr. Justice Swinfen Eady (gar- dener, Mr. J. Lock), came first with excellent Foster's Seedling. For the best display of vegetables, not less than nine distinct varieties, Sir R. W. Bulkeley, Bart., Beaumaris, North Wales (gardener, Mr. J H. Bolton), was first, having Potato Windsor Castle, Pea Duke of Albany, Tomato Duke of York, Cucumber Telegraph, with Cabbage Heartwell, Beans, Onions, &c. This was a really fine exhibit. WINDSOR AND ETON ROSE SHOW. The fourteenth annual show ol this society was held on the lat Inst, under very favourable conditions; although the weather was very unsettled the sun broke out on the morning of the show, converting at the last moment what would have been failure into succeap. The society is fortu- nate in having such an ideal place for holding their show, His Majesty the King allowing them the use of the grounds at the foot of the beautiful slopes at Windsor Castle. Most of the classes were keenly contested, and the excel- lence of the exhibits testified to a very favourable season for Rose growing. A special interest was centred In the open class for the cup presented by Her Majesty the late Queen Victoria. The conditions are that it must be won by the same competitor for three years. It had already been won twice by Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester; Dicksonand Sons, Newtownards ; and Harkness and Co., Hitehin, respectively, so that a keen struggle was anticipated. Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons eventually carried off the cup with a splendid lot of blooms. White Maman Cochet, La France, Tom Wood, Mildred Grant, Ulrich Brunner, Bessie Brown, Robert Scott, Mrs. J. Laing, Her Majesty, Mme. Cadeau Ramey, and Frau Karl Druschki were some of the best in this stand. Messrs. A, Dickson and Sons, Limited, were a good second, Messrs. D, Prior and Sons third, and the King's Acre Nurseries fourth. There were eight exhibits in this class. For eighteen Teas or Noisettes Mr. George Prince, Longworth, was first with a lovely stand of fresh, well- formed flowers. Mrs. E. Mawley, Comtesse de Nadaillac, White Maman Cochet, Mme. Hoste, Catherine Mermet, and Souvenir de Pierre Notting were among the best; second, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons; third, Messrs. D, Prior and Sons. For twelve distinct, Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons were a good first, with splendid blooms of Mildred Grant, Bessie Brown, Alice Lindsell, Ulrich Brunner, and Mrs. J. Grant ; second. Messrs. B. R. Cant ; third, Messrs. D, Prior. For twelve trusses, H.P. or H.T., Messrs. A. Dickson were first with a beautiful stand of Mildred Grant. Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons were a close second with Bessie Brown, For twelve trusses, any Tea or Noisette, the King's Acre Nursery Company, Limited, Hereford, were first with excellent blooms of Mrs. E. Mawley. Messrs. G. Prince and D. Prior were second and third respectively with the same variety. For eighteen bunches of garden or decorative Roses Messrs. F. Cant and Co. carried off the honours with a splendid exhibit. Among the best were Liberty, Mme. Jean Dupuy, Gardenia, Marquis of Salisbury, and Antoine Rivoire ; second, Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt ; third, Mr. Charles Turner, Slough. 20 THE GARDEN. [July 8, 1905. For six distinct varieties in vases Jfess'-s. A. Dickson were first with flneBi^sie Brown, Florence Peraberton.and Jlildred Grant ; second, Mr. Cliarles Turner ; third, Mr. George Prince. Amateurs. For thirty-six distinct trmsei the Rev. S. H. Pemberton was a splendid first. Fran Karl Duschki, Florence Pem- berton, Dean Hole, Alica Lindsell, Maman Cochet, Kil- lamey, and Papa Lambert were excellent ; second, A. Tate, Eiq. ; third, R. Foley Ilobbs, E4q For six trusses, one variety, A. Tate, Esq., was first with Bessie IJrown ; second, Dr. Liniplough, with Frau Karl Dmschkl ; thi'd. Rev. J. H. Pemberton. For twelve Teas or Noisettes the Rev. J. E Pemberton was first with splendid Mrs. E. Mawley, Maman C ichet. White Maman Cjchet, The Bride, and G ilden Gate ; second, 0. G Orpen, Esq. ; third, A. Tate, Esq. For six distinct, three blooms of each, R Foley Ilobbs, Esq., was first with grand Horace Vernet, Kaiserin Anfru»ta Victoria, Mildred Grant, and Bessie Brown ; second, T. C Gabriel, Esq. ; third, A. Tate, E^q. For twelve distinct garden or decorative R^'es, A. Tate, Esq., was a splendid first with Crimson Dima'k, \V. A. Richardson, Birdou Job, Gustave Reiris, Augustine Guinolsseau, and Macrantba ; second, W. Cjlin Romaine, Eiq. For twenty-four distinct, single trusses. T. B Gibriel, Esq., was an excellent first with splendid flowers ; second, O. G. Orpen, Eiq. ; third, W. Cilin Romaine, Eiq. Twelve distinct: First, Dr. Lim plough ; second, G. A. Hammond, Eiq. ; third, E. B. Lehmann, Esq. For eighteen distinct (amateurs within ten miles of Windsor) the Windsor cup is given with the first prize : First, J. B. Fortescue, Esq., with grand examples of Mamie, Bessie Brown, Mrs. E. Mawley, Papa Linibert, Frau Karl Druschki, and Ulrich B'unner ; second, W. Colin Rimaine, Eiq ; third, A. F. G vett, Eiq. Twelve distinct : First, Rev. J. B Shackle with splendid Bessie Brown. The best amateur's R ise in the sh iw was Mildred Grant, shown in this stand. Second, W. A. Propert, Esq. ; third, Mrs. River Holling<. The local classes were all well filled, and some really good blooms were shown. Table dec jrations filled one tent. Mrs. E. Gouid carried off the honours with a delightful arrangement of Aquilegtas, S*eet Peas, Gypsophila, Smilax, &c. ; second. Miss Eliot; third. Miss K. R. Devett. Group of plants (the Marchioness of Normanby's cup is attached to this class): E. Wsgg, Eiq., was first with a group of splendid plants tastefully arranged ; A. F. Govett, Esq., was a good second ; W. A. Steams third. A pleasing feature of the show was the excellence of the vegetables shown by cottagers. Nurserymen contributed largely to the success of the show. Messrs. John S andish and (ki. showed a splendid group of Carnations and Rosea ; George Jackman and Son, Roses and hardy flowers; E. F. Such, Maidenheid, Roses and hardy flowers ; J. Veitch and Sons, R ises and hardy flowers ; John Peed and Son, Gloxinias and Higonias ; Charles Tamer, Roses, hardy flowers, &C. ; D ibbie and Co., ■Sweet Peas, Fansies, and Violas ; Thomas Ware, Feltham, hardy flowers and Water Lilies. Messrs. Titt and Son of Windsor had a lovely display of floral designs. THE SWEET PEA SHOW. THE National Sweet Pea Society held their fifth annual exhibition in the hall of the Royal Horticultural Society, Vincent Square, S.W., on Tuesday last. It was a great success, and far the finest show ever held by the society. There was a record number of exhibitors, and Sweet Peas practically filled the hall. Open CLAssKa. Nineteen bunches of Sweet Peas (special audit class). The varieties must be certain ones specified. The Sutton Silver Challenge Cup, presented by .Messrs. Sutton and Sons, Reading (value 15 guineas) is given with the first prize in this class, to be held by the winner for one year. The committee give a gold medal. The judging of this class caused a great deal of difficulty. The rule was that twenty sprays should form a bunch, and several competi- tors had exceeded this quantity. No less than eight exhibits were disqualified. The judges finally awarded the first prize to Mr. F. Stevenson, The Gardens, Woburn Place, Addlestone, who had a fair lot of flowers. It is probable that if some of the others had not been disquali- fied the first prize would have been awarded elsewhere. Lovely, Lottie Eckford, Miss Willmott, Black Knight, and others were well shown. Second, Mr. H. Parr, Trent Park Gardens, New Barnet; third, Mr. W. Taylor, Sutton Scotney. (Collection of nineteen varieties of Sweet Peas, one variety only of each colour given in the classification table to be shown : First, Messrs. George A. Clark, Limited, Dover, with, needless to say, a very goid collection, King Edward VII (crimson). Prince of Wales (rose). Mrs. W. Wright (light purple), Duke of Westminster (dark purple), Coccinea (red), Hon. Mrs. Kenyon (pale yellow), and many more distinct colours were shown ; second, Mr. W. Firth, Wistow Hall, Leicester (gardener, Mr. F. Clark) ; third,' Mrs. A. Figwell, Greenford, Middlesex. Thirty-six bunches, distinct: First. Mr. A. G. Uayman, Hapsford House. Frome (gardener, Mr. F. Ackland). with a beautiful lot of flowers. Countess Spencer, Prince of Wales, Janet Scott, Emily Eckford, Dainty, King E iward, and Scarlet Gem were finely shown. The second prize was taken by Mr. C. W. Breadmore, High Street. Winchester. The third prize was won by -Messrs. Isaac House and Son, Westbury-on-Tryra, Bristol. The first prize for twenty-four bunches of Sweet Peas was won by Messrs. Saltmarsh and Son, Chelmsford, with a pretty selection. King Edward, Mrs. W. Wright, Dorothy Eckford, Miss Willmott, and others were good; second, Messrs. G. Stark and Son, Great Ryburgh, Norfolk ; third, Mr. C. W. Breadmore, Winchester. Twelve bunches, distinct : First, Mr. A. Malcolm, Dans, N.B , with splendid flowers. Edward VII., B)lton's Pink. Lady G. Hamilton, D. R. Williamson, Scarlet Gem, and others were very flue ; second, Mr. T. Duncan, Fogo Sohoolhouse, Duns ; third. Mr. J. Watson, The Girdens, Oxf jrd House, Ham Common. Trade E.xcluded. Twenty-four bunches of SweeD Peas, distinct: First, Mr. T. Jones, Ruabon, with a brilliant show. KingEdward VII., Countess Spencer, Dirothy E ;kf ird. and other good sorts were shown ; second, Mr. A. F. Wootten, Crnfc House, Epsom ; third, Mr. H H. Evwnsley, Alfjrd. Tnere were numerous entries. The first prize for eighteen bunches distinct was won by Mr. T. Stevenson, The Gardens, Woburn Place, Addle- stone— Countess Spencer, Miss Willmott, Prince of Wales, and G rrgeous were some of the best in an excellent lot ; second, Mr. E. Bewley, Rithgar, County Dublin ; third, Mr. Winterbottom, Aston Hall, near Derby. The first prize for twelve bunches distinct was taken by Mr. W. A. Binkier, Clock House, Epsom, with very good blooms, especially of Dorothy Eckford and New Countess ; second, Mr. M. F. Hitchins, Trevarrick, St. Austell; thiid, Mr. J. T. Blencowe, Eistcotl Gardens, Kingston Hill. Nine bunches distinct : First, Mr. C. K. Wild, The Grange, New Eltham, Kent (gardener, Mr. Jackson), with a charming lot of flowers ; second, Mr. M. Y. Green, The Lodge, Eynsford ; third, Mr. S. F. Jackson, Danehurst, Epsom. Open to All. In the class for six bunches of Gladys Unwin, Mr. J. Jones, of Wem, Salop, was first with fine blooms of a lovely colour. For best collection, one bunch each of Mrs. G. Higginson, jun.. Flora Norton, Speckled Beautv. Nymphea, Sunrise, Sunset, and Janet Scott : First, Mr. W. P. Wright; second, Mr. M. Firth ; and third, Mrs. Tigweli. All of the varieties in this class are of soft and delicate shades of colour. In the class for two bunches of white, distinct varieties, first prize was gained by Mr. W. J. Noy, Brentwood, with Blanche B'lrpee and Dorothy Eckford ; second, Messrs. Saltmarsh and Son ; third, Mr. Dawson. For two crimsons Mr. M. Firth, Leicester, was first with Scarlet Gem and KingEdward ; second, Mr. W. P. Wright, Hythe, with King Elward and Salopian; third, Messrs. Jotes and S >ns, Shrewsbury. In the class for two blush Mr. C. W. Breadmore, Win- chester, was n St with Sens itii in and Duchess of Su therland ; second, with same varieties, Mr. H.Aldersey; third, Messrs. I House and Son. For two cerise Messrs. W. E. King and Co., Coggeshall, were first with Coccinea ; second, Mrs. A. Tigweli. In the cl iss for rose and cirmine, Mr. H Aldersey was flritwith Mrs. Dinjdale and Prince of Wales; second, Mr. J. Watson, Ham Common, with Royal Rose and Prince of \Vales. In pink shades Mr. T. Proctor, Camforth, was first with Mrs. 1^ Smith and Countess Spencer ; second, Messrs. Jones and Son, with Janet Scott and Countess Spencer ; third, Messrs. G. Stark and Son, Great Ryburgh, with Gladys Unwin and Enchantress. In orange shades, .Messrs. Jones and Son were first with Gorgeous and Miss Willmott ; second, Mr. .1. T. Blencowe, Kingston Hill, with the same varieties; third, Mr. J. Watson, with Lady Mary Currie and Miss Willmott Yellows or buffs : First, Mr. W. J. Noy, with Lidy Ormesby Gore and Hon. Mrs. Kenyon ; second, Mr. W. P. Wright, with Queen Victoria and Hon. Mrs. Kenyon. For lavender, Mr. H. Aldersey was first with Countess of Ridnor antj Lady Grizel Hamilton; second, Messrs. Jones and Son, Shrewsbury, with New Countess and Lady G. Hamilton ; third, Messrs. Claik, Dover. For blues, Messrs. Jones and Son were first, with Navy Blue and Captain of the Blues; second, Mr. Aldersey, with Emily E;ktord and Countess Cidogan ; third, Messrs. G. Stark and Son with D. R. Williamson and Miss Philbrick. For mauve, Messrs. Clark, Dover, were first with Dorothy Tennant and Mrs. Walter Wright. For violet and purple, Mr. Blencowe was first with Mrs W. Wright and Duke of Westminster; second, Mr. J. Watson with the same varieties. For maroon or bronze. Mr. Blencowe was first with Othello and Black Knight; second, Mr. Koy, with the same varieties. For magenta. Messrs. Jones and Son were first with Calypso and George Gordon ; second, Mrs. Tugwell, with the same varieties. For Picotee edged. Mr. M. F. Hutchins. St. Austell, was first with Lottie Eckford and Djinty ; sec md, Mr. R. Bjlton, with the same varieties ; third, Mr. W. P. Wright, who also had the same varieties. For striped and flaked (red or rose), Messrs. Clark, Limited, were first with America and Aurora; second, .Messrs. Stark and Son, with Jessie Cuthbertson and Amelica. For purple or blue-striped or flaked, Mr. Hitchins was flrst with Princess of Wales and Senator. In the class for tiicolors, .Mrs. Blencowe was first with Jeanie Gordon alii Triumph ; second, Mr. J. Watson with Prince Edward of York and Triumph. F t fancy varieties, Mr. Hitchins was first wiih Arties Johnson and Oracle Greenwood ; second, Mr. J. Watson, with Duchess of Westminster and Gracie Greenwood. Trade Exclited. Two bunches of Dora Breadmore : First, Mr. A. Malcolm, Duns, with splendid blooms ; second, Mr. T. Proctor • third, Dr. Boxall. Two bunches of Lady Aherdare : First, Mr. G. Crabbe Addlestone; second, Mr. Firth; third, Mr. W. Taylor Sutton Scotney. Two bunches of Bolton's Pink : First,' Mr. E. Biwiey, Rathgar, C runty Dublin ; second, Mr. T. Jones, Ruabon ; third, Mr W. Wright. In the class for one bunch each of Dorothy Eckford Romolo Pi-zzini, Scarlet Gem, D. R. Williamson, Black Michael, and Mrs. W. W.ieht, Mr. E. Bewley was first- second, Mrs. Firth ; third, Jlr. T. Jones. In the classes for Cupid Sweet Peas in pots there was only one exhibitor, and the specimens were very poor. Table decorations in Sweet Peas were a very strong class ■ the tables were 8 feet by 3 feet. In this class there were twelve competitors, Mr. E. J. Sell, Luton, taking first pnzewilh a light arraugtment of mauve and bronze-pink. Mrs. Beckett, Eistree, was second with a pretty arrange- ment of Countess Spencer and Lottie Eckford. Opes to All. Mr. W. Marple, in a smilar class for table decoration, secured flrst prize with a light arrangement of delicate pink and bufl'; secon.i, .Miss C. B. Cole, Feltham with Miss Willmott and Hon. Mrs. Kenyon (a very pretty mixture). Epergne or stand filled with Sweet Peas : In. this class there were about a dozen good stands. Miss E. B. Cole. Feltham, secured firs- ; sec^nd, Mrs F. Brewer, Richmond ; third, Messrs. Jones and Sons. For vase of Sweet Peas in mixed colours, with grasses, fflc, there were a good many competitors. Mr. A. G Ilayman, Frome, was flrst. Miss C. B. Cole second, and Mrs. Brewer third. Biwlof Sweet Peas: There were about a dozen good exhibits. Mr. C. VV. Breadmore, Winchester, took the first prize, Mr. W. J. Noy second, and Miss Wheeler, Wheatley, near Alton, Hants, third. Non-competitive E.xniBiT3. A great deal of interest centred In the group shown by Mr. Henry Eckford, Wem, Shropshire, for it contained many fine varieties. Some of the most remarkable were (Jrieen Alexandra, a good deal like Scarlet Gem, but rather a deeper colour, and said to be san-proof ; Romolo Piazzani, rich violet-blue ; H.jrace Wright, the standard dark purple, the wings brighter purple ; Countess Spencer, richest pink; Dirotby Eckford, white; Miss Eckford, pink-buff ; Scarlet Gem, rich crimson-scarlet ; Little Dorritt, standard rose, wings pale pink or white ; Miss Philbrick, true light blue ; and John Ingman, rich lake. The finest of all, however, was Henry Eckford, unique in its rich orange-salmon colouring. Messrs. G. and A. Clark, Limited, Dover, showed a bright group. Gorgeous, orange and red ; Triumph, rose and blush ; Scarlet Gem ; Aniprica, striped and flushed with red on a whire ground ; and Countess Cadogan, rich purple-blue, were some of the best. Mr. R ihert B Iton, Wurton, Camforth, showed vases full of splendid Bowers. The varieties were unnamed, but we recognised Bolton's Pink, which was finely shown. Messrs. E. W King and Co., Coggeshall, Essex, showed a collection of Sweet Peas in miny of the best sorts. Miss Willmott and King Edward VII. were two of the most effective. Messrs. Charles W. Breadmore, Winchester, set up a group of Sweet Peas that coouined the best of the varieties sent out. Bikers, Wolverhampton, had a delightful exhibit of Sweet Peas effectively arranged. Codsall Rose, Orange Countess, Countess Spencer, Dorothy Eckford, and many others were well shown. Messrs. J. Carter and Co., High Holbom, W.C., arranged numerous varieties in a pretty group. Lady Mary Currie, Prince Edward of York, Jliss Willmott, Orange Prince, and others were included. Messrs. G Stark and Son, Great Ryburgh, Norfolk, exhibited s collection of Sweet Peas, the finest vase of all being Countess Spencer. The varieties were unnamed Messrs. Jones and Sons, Shrewsbury, showed a very bright group of flowers, such good sorts as Scarlet Gem, Mrs. Walter Wright, Prince of Wales, Agnes Johnson, Apple Blossom, Gladys Unwin, and others being well represented. Messrs. Gilbert and Son, Anemone Nurseries, Dyke, Bourne, Lines, arranged a group of Sweet Peas, the lilue varieties being very fine. Countess Spencer, Scarlet Gem, Prince of Wales, and other good things were included. Some pretty table decorations with Sweet Peas were shown by Mr. Williams, Oxford Road, Ealing. The Sweet Peas from .Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Rothesay, made a brilliant mass of colour, such go()d things as Orange Countess, Miss Willmott, Emily Henderson, Prince of Wales, Scarlet Gem, Lady Aberdare, D. E. Williamron, and many more being freely shown. The group set up by Messrs. Csnnell and Sons, Swanley, contained many good sorts, e.g., Emily Eckford. Lady Gore. Miss Willmott, Jessie Cu'hberUon, Jeannie Gordon, Evening Star (pinky bufl), Salopian, Mrs. G. Higginson (pale tlue). and others. Mr. W. J. Unwin. Iliston, Cambridge, showed some very fine vasefuls of Sweet Peas, whole flowering shoots being arranged with good effect. Messrs Watkins and Simpson, 12, Tavistock Street, (Movent Garden, in their group, showed Evelyn Byatt, the standard orange-red, the wings deep rose, a very bright colour ; Glad.vs Unwin, the beautiful pink ; Flora Norton, blue ; Phyllis Unwin, rich rose and others. Messr". Peed and Son, West Norwood, S.E., exhibited an excellent lot of Sweet Peas in variety, all the best sorts being shown. Messrs. Barr and Sons, King Street, Covent Garden, set up a splendid group of Sweet Peas, the colour good, the varieties distinct, and the vases well arranged. Gorgeous, King Elward, Lady G. Hamilton, Hon. Mrs. Kenyon, Scarlet Gem, and others were included. ^fey-. GARDEN ^ No. 1756.— Vol. LXVIII. July 15, 1905. SUMMER PRUNING OF SHRUBS. SHRUBBERIES, to a greater or less extent, come, in the majority of instances, under the care of the gardener. Some allow their occu- pants to grow uncontrolled after planting, and this may be admissible in woodland drives or in extensive pleasure grounds, but it will not suit in a limited space, or where the surroundings are of a formal character. In many cases shrubs are about the last things to be attended to in the busy time of spring and early summer. If, however, they are to be kept attractive and each subject separate from its neighbour, as should be the case in the mixed shrubbery, pruning must be systematically carried out at least annually, and in many cases much of tener, or the plants will soon get unshapely and over-grow each other. Let us separate the shrubs with which we intend to deal into those grown principally for flowering, many of which are deciduous, and those grown for their evergreen or ornamental foliage. In the first-named section some knowledge is necessary as to habit and time of flowering before cutting is commenced. We prune and thin fruit trees or bushes to keep them ! within bounds and to increase the quantity , of fruits, which first of all have to be pre- ' ceded by flowers ; why not, then, apply the same system to shrubs 1 Probably the majority of shrubs make their flower growth the previous year ; consequently to cut back late in autumn or before flowering takes place in spring simply destroys the whole of the flowers for that season. As soon as possible after flowering is over is the best time to prune all shrubs belonging to this class, thinning the branches where crowded and removing the old wood that has borne the flowers to make room for the growth of new shoots for the succeeding year. For- sythias, Deutzias, Weigelas, shrubby Spiraeas, Genistas, Lilacs, Viburnums, and many ! others may be so treated. If allowed to grow at will, as perhaps some would recommend, their shape and limits are soon outgrown, and measures much more severe have eventually to be taken. Berberis Darwini may be kept somewhat dwarf and yet flower very freely if planted young and the leading growths are either shortened or tied in annually, but allow these to grow up and the plants soon become unsightly at the bottom. When the plants get old and are cut down strong shoots are produced which do not flower well for some time. Evergreen shrubs now in flower are Zenobia speciosa and its variety Z. s. pulverulenta. The chief distinction belonging to them is found in the leaves. Those of the species are pale green and rather smaller than those of the variety ; the latter being of a distinct glaucous colour. The flowers, which are in racemes, are white and bell-shaped and produced on the wood of the previous year ; this should, therefore, be removed annually after flowering in the same way as others previously noticed. Zenobias grow to a height of 3 feet or 4 feet. They succeed well in peaty soil, and should be planted preferably in a group by themselves. The growths of Rhododendrons cannot be cut away without reducing the number of flowers for the next year. On the other hand, if allowed to grow thickly in clumps without cutting, the inner and under-growths soon have to succumb to the stronger ones. For clumps of these to be kept low the common R. ponticum should be used, as its flowers are not of so much importance as those of better sorts, and the plants soon thicken again after severe cutting, should that be necessary. Hybrid varieties are too good for this treatment ; consequently, positions should be given them where they can be allowed to grow up, merely thinning a little and removing superfluous shoots with the seed-pods, should the latter be practicable, after flowering is over. Formal clumps of Rhododendrons may often be met with, but the plants do not often show themselves so well individually as when grown somewhat more naturally as single specimens. The height of the plants in clumps should be in proportion to the length and width of the clump, and they should gradually rise from the edge to the middle. Nothing looks worse than to see plants at 3 feet up projecting over those at the edge. No doubt there are many clumps somewhat similar to tlHS in different places at the present time, and those in charge of them may be wondering what is to be done in order to restrict them. In our case many were severely cut into shape last year, and were of necessity very unsightly for some time, but they are now well fur- nished with foliage to the Grass edge, and this year but little cutting will be required. If annual pruning with the knife had been practised, the necessity for such severe measures would have been obviated. Other clumps in a similar state are being treated in the same way this year, and those cut a month ago are breaking out freely. The earlier they are taken in hand the better, in order that the young growths may get well ripened before winter, but where much pruning has to be done some have to wait until their turn comes. Hardy Azaleas do not grow so strongly as Rhododendrons; consequently they are not so difficult to keep within bounds. In that case pruning is but little required, as they form themselves into fairly good shape if allowed sufficient room. The same remarks apply to Ledums, Kalmias, and Pieris (Andromeda) floribuuda. Most of the evergreen and ornamental- foliaged section previously mentioned may with advantage be cut over occasionally in summer, or pruned as each subject may require according to the position which it is meant to occupy. A sloping bank of the smaller-leaved sorts of common Laurels looks well when the plants are established and cut over evenly with the knife two or three times during the summer. Dwarf clumps of these may be treated in a similar way, and the plants, except they are very old, break well when cut back hard. Berberis Aquifolium is also well adapted for certain positions, but, as a rule, it does not transplant success- fully except when young. Aucubas grow somewhat flat and uneven if allowed to have their own way ; remove and thin some of the growths and the plants will be greatly im- proved thereby. In mixed shrubbery borders each plant should have sufficient room, and those in the front line should be of a dwarf-growing character, or such as can be kept dwarf without being unsightly. Pruning should all be done with the knife, or special shears for the purpose that cut in the same way as secateurs. Where these ate used none of the leaves left are injured, and much of the cutting cannot be detected by outward appearances. Summer pruning of trees is chiefly limited to removing growths from side branches that take a lead, and are apt to injure the top growth. Deodars may in many cases be greatly improved by shorten- i ing some of the branches that grow in this 22 THE GAllDEN. [JuiY 15, 1903. way, but great care must be taken in doing it to keep the trees symmetrical. The same remarks apply to iinny other trees in large collectious. JUNE FLOWERS IN SOUTH DEVON. THE droughts of April and May and the easterly winds of the former month, though unfavourable to vegetation, had appirently but little eft'ect upon June flowers except in a few isolated instances. Among flowering shrubs Abelia floribunda was bright with countless clusters of long, drooping, rose-coloured blossoms, the two varieties of Abutilon vitifolium produced their large flat flowers of mauve or white, and Agath:ea cojlestis, which has been in bloom more or le.ss through tlie entire winter, came into full flower. At the commencement of the month Calceolaria violacea still held many of its helmet-shaped, golden-throated, lavender blossoms, and, towards the close, Oallistemon salignus— known to nurserymen as Metrosideros fioribunda — was decked with its crimson bottle-brushes. In the first days of the month a large plant of the lovely Veronica hulkeana was a cloud of lavender, and hard by Convolvulus Cneorum was spangled with its white blooms. Of the Hock Roses, the most notable was the rare Cistus ladaniferus maculatus (true), with its great white, claret-spotted flowers fully 5 inches across. Deutzia kalmiiBflora, the prettiest of Lemoine's new svedlings, was very charming, and Diervilla Conquete, with lirge rose-pink flowers fully 2 inches across, proved an acquisition. A bush of Dimorphotheca Eoklonis, about 4 feet in height and as much through, which has been unprotected in the open for two winters, was covered with its white, purple- centred blossoms, and the refined Diosma gracilis had its delicate foliage starred with its tiny white flowers. Edwardsia micro- phylla, in bush form, bore its yellow blooms, and the gorgeous Embothrium coocineum flamed with its vivid vermilion flower- clusters, while a large tree of Eucalyptus globulus, on which last year's seed-pods were hanging, came into tine bloom. The Night- scented Stock, Mathiola bicornis, a small sub-shrub but rarely met with nowadays, produced its dull-coloured flower-spikes, de- jiciously fragrant after twilight, and Mitraria coccinea was brilliant with its drooping 6 3arlet mitre-shaped blooms. The Alabama Snow-wreath, Neviusia ala- bamensis, at the opening of the month was still holding its curious flowers, devoid of petals, with a crowd of white anthers set in green bracts. The Mu.sk-leaved Olearia argO[>hylla flowered, as did O. macrodonta and O. stellulata, and a small bush of O. oitida, about 2 feet in height, was entirely smothered in flit cluster-iof white Hawthorn- like flowers, while Oz ithaninus rosmarini- folius was a cloud of creamy white. Solanum aviculare, in bush form, has produced its handsome golden - centred, purple - blue flowers, to ba followed by yellow, egg- shaped fruits ; S crispum, which was at its best in May, continued to bloom through the month ; and S jasminoides has been in flower for some weeks, and will not be out of blossom before December. Androsace lanu- ginosa is perfectly at home, and, from two small plants in 2J-inch pots put out two years ago, has spread until it covers a space 4 feet square. Qithionema pulchellum has also flowered well. Aristea Ecklonis is an inter- esting Cape plant, and has thrown up several branching flower-stems about 18 inches in height, each branchlet being ter- minated by star-shaped gentian blue flowers Arthropodiura cirrhatum has perfected its white bloom - sprays, the dwarf Aster Stracheyi flowered early in the month, and towards the close the taller A. sikkimensis opened its bright lavender flowers. Arctotis aureola robusta, which has been unprotected through the winter, commenced to flower early in March and is now very showy, its large, bright orange flowers being well thrown up by a dark background. A. aspera arborescens is also blooming well. The Dropmore variety of Anchusa italica is a splendid sight, fully 6 feet in height, and Argemone grandiflora gives a foretaste of Romneya Coulteri, so like are its blossoms. This is supposed to be merely of annual duration, but all my plants threw up strongly from the rootstock, and now are over 3 feet in height. Cyiiella Herbert! opened its first flower on the 29lh ult , and will now continue to expand blossoms daily until the end of October. Herbertia pulohella flowered in the early days of the month, when Sparaxis Fire King and the Ixias were still brilliant. Of all the bulbous plants, however, none are so striking as Tritonia crocata, whose glowing orange- scarlet flowers have been quite the feature of the garden. Ixiolirion montanum is an im- provement on 1 . tataricum, being considerably taller and be-tring more and larger flowers of the same colour. A rarely seen but very beautiful bulbous plant is Habranthus pratensis, with heads of bright scarlet flowers n it unlike a Vallota in shape, and almost as large. Codonopsis ovata, though of evil smell, is one of the most beautiful of June flowers, and its pale lavender bells with their internal markings of black, orange, and purple, are very delicate. Digitalis obscurus and D ambigua are both in flower, as well as the bright crimson Dianthus Atkinsoni and the salmon-pink semi-double D. Etuilie Par6. Plants of Gerbera Jamesoni are bearing their brilliant crimson blossoms, Geranium grandillorum is flowering well, and Gazmia longiscapa, which has been out over four years, is 3 feet across. Hunnemannia fuma- ri;efolia, which is unharmed by the winter, is bearing its yellow Poppy-like flowers, and Iberisgibraltarica, planted in a pdrpendicular stony bank, was a mass of bloom early in the month. Jaborosa integrifolia, now a rare plant, is throwing up dozens of its white, scented blooms, and immense clumps of Libertia fnrmosa, 5 feet in height, have borne hundreds of flower-wands. (Enothera mar- ginata has expanded its great white scented chalices, but, owing to the disastrous gale of April 31, 0-.trowskia magnifica has been a failure. Half of the plants 'vere broken off at the ground level, and the remainder lost every leaf. 0u^i^ia coccinea on a shady ledge was a bright picture early in the month with fifty tall flower-spikes of glowing scarlet. The white-flowered Pentstemon tubiflorum is a rarely seen but pretty plant, llehmannia angulata has borne its rose-coloured Gloxinia- like blossoms through the month, and of the Sisyrinchiums, S. bermudianum, the more graceful S. chilense, and the yellow .S- iridifolium are now in flower. Tulbaghia violacea is a pretty Cape plant, and is now bearing its heliotrope-pink bloom-heads. Of Hoses, reference may be made to the fine single white Rosa hevigata, 5| inches across, and to the single yellow R. xanthina or Ec*; and of climbers, to the scarlet and yellow Mannetia bicolor and the blue Sollya hetero- phylla. South Devon. S. W. Fitzheebeet. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. Jalv IS. — Royal H irticultural Sooietj'a Meet- 'ng (Cirnatiou and Piootee Show) ; Gloucester (N R S. Provincial) Rjse Show. July 20. — Halifax and Danfermline (two days) Rjse Shows : Horticultural Club Oaiiag. July 25 — Tihshelf Rise Show. Aut:ust Hi.— Bishop's Stortford Flower Show. August 19 — Shtffidld Rose Show. Augu3t 23. — Shrewsbury Floral Fete (*:Wo days). Spipsea flagellifopmis.— I enclose a photo^jraph of Spiiiea liagBllitormis, which I thought might be of interest. I put this plant in last auluniQ twelve months in a prepared itition on a lawn, using mostly rotted refuse mixed with our sandy soil. I cut out all the old wood, as the plant was au uniightly tangle, but k-pt all the new wood, which I trained out with Bimboos. It did uot flower the first j'ear, but made good growth, and this year it has flowered ibjndaotl}'. Any plant of a more delicate and graceful habit it would, I think, be hard to find, though doubtless the early - flowering Spirasi arguta would run it close The photograph is not whit it should be, but it gives a good idea of the habit and style of the plant. Sarroutided with Erici carnea it makes a very pleasii>g object in the way of a lawn »hrub. — T. G. Welch, The Oaks, Blakehrook, Kidderminister. Richard Dean Testitnonal Fund. At a meeting of the committee of the above on Monday week last the eeeretar)' reported with regret that donations were coming in very slowly, and as the presentation had been fixed to take place on Wednesday, the 12 .h inst.. at a dinner to be held at Carr's Restaurant, 264, Strand, at 7 p.m., it was resolved to carry that out, but not to close the fund on that day, as the annual outing of the National Chrysanthemum Society takes place on the following Monday, which might remind some who have not already con- irihuced to it, and which amounts can be handed privately to Mr. Dean by the honorary secretary. Application for dinner tickets (4'. each) can be made to .J H. Wittv, honorary secretary, St. Jimes's Villa, Swains Lane, Highgate, N. Isle of AVight Rose Show.— The annual Rose exhibition was held on Coronation Diy at Ventnor, and an excellent dispUy resulted. Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Colch-ster, were first for twenty-four Roses, distinct; Messrs. D. Piior and 8 )n, Colchester, won for twelve Teas ; Messrs. Frank Cant anti Co., C ilohester, for eij;ht varieties, three blooms of each. In the amateur classes, Mr. T B. Gabriel, Woking, was first for eighteen distinct Roses ; Dr. Smp9titor for the challenge cup oft'ered to members for the best twenty-four Roses, distinct, and his blooms were so fine that the cup (which goes wiih the first priz-) was awarded. Mrs. E. Croft Murray was a very successful exhibitor in the amateurs' classes, winning the first prize for six bunches of irarden Roses and several other first prizes. Mrs. Murray gained the King's gold medal for twelve distinct Roses, the silver medal for the best Tea Rose (Mrs. E. Mawley) in the show, and the bronze medal for the best Hybrid Perpetual. July 15, 1905.J TIJE GARDEN. 2J Escallonia langleyensis.— The majoriiy of the E ciUonias can only be depended upon to thrive really well out of doors in the ■warmer parts of the country, reaching their greatest etate of perfection near the coast in the southwest counties. There are, however, a few which are very satisfactory in places with a less salubrious climate, and of these E philippiana, •one of the pirents of the above plant, is the hardiest. E. Hnglej'ensis, though not so hardy as E philippiana, is of robust constitution, and thrives well in the open in many places, while it can be depended on to behave admirably when ■against a wall. Its other parent is E macrantha, And the inflorescence resem'iles this more closely ithan the other, the leaves bein^ nearer the siz^ of those of E philippiana. The habit of the shrub is graceful, the branches being light and semi-pendent. The leaves are small and daik green, and have aerratei margins, the teeth on the upper half being much deeper than those on the lower portion. The flowers are of a beautiful ■deep rose, and borne in short, terminal raceme'. "Wnen planting it is a mistake to give too rich soil, as then it grows rapidly and does not become so well ripened aa when growth is slower and less sappy. — W. D. Sandepsonia aupantiaca.— This is an extremely pretty Lilaceous plant which, in itf curious bifurcated tubers and their manner of growth, suggests that well-known inhabitant ol the tropics, Gloriosa superba, from which, how- ever, the flowers differ widely. In the case of this Sandersnnia the slender, twining stems reach a height of 3 feet to 5 feet, and are clothed with thin bright green lanceolate leaves. The flowers, which are borne singly on long, slender stalks from the axils of the leaves on the upper parts of the shoot", are broadly urn-shaped, nearly an inch in diameter, and of a bright orange colour. Though not very thick in substance, they remain fre«h for some time. This Sandersonia is not at all a d fficult plant to grow, and, unlike many other South African bulbs and tubeis, it may be grown well year after year in an ordinary green- ■house, provided a little care and attention are ^iven it. Soon after flowering the stems show ■signs of dying down, and when this happens the water supply must be lessened, and when totally •dormant discontinued altogether. They are best wintered in the pots they have grown in, and, if stood on a stage in the greenhouse, they will in all probability require no water till the new year. By February the plants may be turned out of their pots, shaken quite clear of the old soil, and the tubers be repotted in a mixture of loam, leaf-mould, and sand. In potting, the tuber should be covered with about 1 inch of soil. Very little water must be given till they start into growth.— H. P. Zenobia speciosa pulverulenta.— As far aa I am aware the genus Zenobia consists of only a single species — Z speciosa — but the great beauty of this solitary representative, which is even more pronounced in the ease of its variety pulveruleuta, compeufates for lack of numbers. It is by some authorities included in the genus Andromeda, the specific names of cassinefoliaand speciosa having been atdiflferent times applied to it. la its native districts (the Southern United States) this Z snobia is said to be principally found in boggy apots, but under cultivation in thia country it will thrive under much the same conditions a;s the Azileaa and Rhododendrons so generally met with. The Z-;nobia forms a much branched bush, clothed with neat leavea, and the arching character of ita shoots serves to show oflf the flowers to the best advantage. They are in colour white, of an open, boll shape, and of a thick, wax-like texture. Hanging as they d) for some distance along the undersides of the shoots, a specimen when at its beat makes a good show. These remarks apply with equal force to the typical Z speciosa as to the variety pulverulenta, whose distinguishing feature is the pretty silvery character of ita leaves, on which iC23unt it well merits cultivation from a foliage point of view alone, for the leaves glisten in the sunlight almost as if frosted. In the tvpe the leaves are green. About midsummer thia Zinobia ia usuilly seen at its best, but the flowering seison is spreid over a considerable period, and the individinl flower', fro.Ti their thick wax-like texture, last long. — T The V^alleylleld Gapdens.— Oa the "2-l-h ult. a nurnhir of the members of the E liaburgh Field Nituralista' and Mioroacopic Society piid a vijit to the g-irdens at ViUeyfield H)US9, Pjnicuik. Taey were met at the station by Mr. Alexmder C iwan, who conducted them Dhrouah his fine gardens, which are particularly rich in alpine plants and Ferns. The collection of alpines is one of the be^t private ones in the three kingdoms, and much interest was taken in them by the visitors. The extensive greeuhousea were also visited, and the whole gardnns were ereitlv appreciated by th? visitors. Mr. and Mrs. C iwan entertained the compiny to tea on the lawn, and the members appreciated highly the kindness shown them by Mr. Cowan, who is an ardent lover of plant life. MOSS ROSES. Thus runs the leseod— Master Elf Gracped a sweet Rose and pricke i himself I With futile ra^e, provoked by pain, H-i struck the offending flower again ; But lo ! the dewdrops left by showers NeiT drowned poor Elf among the flowers. So back retreating from his foe, He gazed around in irate woe ; A safer weapon he must finl Fur thia fair enemy unkind. Soft at his Uel the green moss grew, With both hands full he threw an J threw ; Soon gmothered from the mossy bed, The sweet Rose hung her pretty head. S > swift and sure the missiles flew That every bud was clothed anew ; And thus unto all time is seen Fr. Henry and Messrs. Veitch's collector, Mr. E H. Wilion. The last- named gentlemm thus alludes to it in the piges of a contemporary: "Sophora viciifolia ia very fine in the glens and gorge. In Mirch and April it ia covered with masses of bluish white flowers. This ought to make a very acceptable plant in gardens, where it proves hardy. This plant has 1 very wide distribution. Ic is common in Yunnan and in the warm valleys of rivera border- ing Tibet. The Ichang plant ia much leas spiny than that of Yunnan and West Sz-chuan. Pos- sibly the latter is really the Indian S moorcrofti- anum." Concerning its hardiness in this country, the Kew plants do not appear to have suffered, bat then it must be borne in mind that the last fewwintera have been very mild onea. A perusal of the different " K'iw Hind Lists" will serve to show that the genus Sophora is a more extensive one than ia generally supposed, as, in addition to those ab)ve named, the following species are all mentioned therein : Sophora chrysophylla, Sand- wich Islea ; S. Korolkowi, China ; S. macrocarpa, Cbili, also known as Elwardsia chilensis ; S. pichyoarpa. Central China ; S. becundiflora, M-xico ; S. tetraptera, New Z laland, known also as E Iwardsia grandiflora ; and S. violacea, Ceylon and Cnina. In addition to these, two species are ac:ually included in the "List of Herbaceous Plants," viz , S alopecuroides, Asia Minor ; and 0. fliveaoens, Siberia. — H. P. Philag>epia Veitehii,— Tuis remarkable and rare hybrid was recently in flower in the cool fernery at Kew. As indicated by the specific name, it is of Veitchian origin, and was obtained by fertilising a flower of Lvpageria rosea with the pollen of the nearly-allied Pnilesia baxifolia, which, instead of the climb ng habit of the Lapageria, forms a dense tufted maaa. The hybrid shows a ra irked blending of the main character- istics of its parents, the flexuose growth being much less vigorous than the Lipageria, while the leaves and flowers are ab lut midway between the two. The colour of the drooping blossoms is deep red. This Philageria is by no mians a novelty, for it flowered as long ago as 1872. and was distributed by Messrs. Veiteh in 1879. Strange to say, the price at which it was sent out, viz , half a guinea, has been retained without change to the present day. Like ita parenta, the Philageria does boat in a fairl}' moist peaty soil, which, however, must be well drained. Atmo- spheric moisture, too, is essential, while fire- heat, except for the exclusion of frost, ia not needed. — T. THE EDITOR'S TABLE. Calochorti from Colchester. Messrs. R Wallace and Co. , Kilnfield Gardens, Colchester, send a githering of flowers of Calo- chortus (Mtriposa Lily) in many beautiful forms. Messrs. Wallace write: "The Calochorti are now at their best, and a large planting in our serpentine nursery is worth goins; a long j lurney to see. They have had no protection whatever this season, and are growing aa freely as Nircisti." Among those aeat were aome lovely forms of C. venuslus, of which venustus citrinus, rich citron yellow colour, was, perhaps, the most beautiful. Several forms of Eldorado, notably Eldorado pictus, were very fine. The markings of the Miripoai Lilies are extremely beautiful ; they are so intricate and the shades of colour so numerous as to mike it almost impoaaible to define them. RbHMANNIA AUGtTLATA. Mias King, Newark Park, Wotton-under- Elge, Gloueeater, sends splendid flowers of R-ihraannia angulata, with the following instruc- tive note : "I think it may interest readers of The Gardes to know that the flowera are from plants that have had no protection through a winter on the Cotswold Hills, 750 feet above sea-level, in rather a stiff aoil. They are now a very showy bed. They were list year's seedlings, and flowered freely until December." Campanula G. F. Wilson and C. pulloides. Mr. Fitzherbert eenda from Kingswear, South D^von, flowers of two Campmulaa, viz , C. G. F. Wdaon and C. pulloidea. The last was raised by Mr. Archer-Hind, and the flowers are larger and considerably deeper in colour than G. F. Wilaon. Mr. Fitzherbert says : " The two clumps are growing side by side, and the superiority of C. pulloidea is at once apparent." •24 THE GARDEN. [July 15, 1905. NOTABLE GARDENS. SWANMORE PARK. SWANMORE PARK, the country home of Mr. W. H. Myers, xM.P, is pleasantly situated in one of the most delightful parts of Hampshire. The house was built nearly thirty years ago, and is now beautifully covered with many choice creepers. Far away on the southern side of the house the waters of the Solent are plainly visible, and in another direction lies the historic town of ^yincheste^, which ilr. Myers has for the past nine years represented in Parliament. Though there are many large gardens in the country, I doubt if there are any more full of interest than that at Swanmore Park. For many years Mr. Molyneux was the head gardener, but he now fills another im- portant position on the estate, and the gardens have for the past three years been managed by Mr. G. Ellwood. The pleasure grounds are extensive and well laid out, and contain some fine specimen trees and shrubs. Among ths former I noticed a very fine Tulip tree, (Liriodendron tulipifera). Magnolia con- spicua, a fine standard Wistaria sinensis. Laburnum Adamii, Scarlet Oak, Medlar, Evergreen Oak, Mulberry, one of the best Exochorda grandifiora I have seen, Picea pinsapo, and others. Many flower- ing and foliage shrubs have been added during recent years. Veronicas of sorts flourish luxuriantly. Hydrangeas, Prunuses, Caryopteris, Buddleias, Benthamia fragifera, Olearia stellata, O. macrodonta, Hamamelis, Skimmias, Stephanandras, Cotoneasters, Cercidiphyllum,Rhamnusalaternusvariegata, a good plant, Japanese Acers of sorts, and Cornus Mas tricolor are among many I noticed doing remarkably well. I also observed a grand mass of Golden Elder edged with Copper Nut, which must have a very telling and pleasing effect during summer and autumn. The wild, or bulb garden, which covers a big area, impressed me as one of the best of the kind I have seen, partly owing to its effective planting and the suitable soil and situation. The Rock and Water Gaeden. — Though not extensive, this is well constructed, and was made between twenty and thirty years ago by Messrs. Pulham and Sons of Brox- bourne. It is well protected from cold winds, and contains many of the choicest Alpines and other suitable plants. A grand collection of Aubrietias were most effective at the time of my visit, among the best being Hendersoni, Dr. Mules, Moerheimi, Bridesmaid, grasca, and purpurea. Helianthemum roseum, with silvery leaves and pink flowers, was very pleasing, so also were fine masses of Iberis, Adonis vernalis. Phlox alpina, Tulipa Greigii, saxatile and pulcliellum, Dianthus deltoides, Tiarella cordifolia, Fritillarias, Muscaris, and Anemones, especially King of Scarlets. Groups of Epimediums were very noticeable. Cyclamen in variety were growing in large masses, also several of the better forms of Galanthus, Primulas, Ourisia coccinea, Tha- licttum appendiculatum, and adiantifolium, the latter oeing especially good in a mass. In the water garden the Bamboos are well placed and illustrate the value of these Elants. In the water, pockets have been uilt in which aquatics are growing, and in the boggy places Iris Kasmpferi in various colours make noteworthy groups. Near by the rock garden, and protected by a clipped hedge of Yew, is the Pajony garden, now quite an uncommon feature. It contains many of the best herbaceous varieties planted in small beds with grass paths between. Close to is another square ^jarden surrounded with hedges of clipped Laurel and Holly, and containing a large collection of the best Michaelmas Daisies. Roses. — These are planted extensively; the best kinds, both decorative and show varieties, find a home at Swanmore. Mr. Myers is a great Rose enthusiast. Those known as garden varieties are splendidly cultivated. A number are planted on the pergolas, some on pillars, and many are allowed to assume a natural habit. A new Rose garden, of octagonal shape, was made some four years ago, which contains twelve large beds, some holding no less than 500 plants each ; these are planted in pairs of one variety, the fol- lowing being used : Caroline Testout, Papa Gontier, Paul's Cheshunt Scarlet, Gustave Regis, Griiss an Teplilz, and Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. They are well protected by an Arbor Vitie hedge about 4 feet high. An older Rose garden is composed of all mixed beds, and wonderfully well they look. Many of the best single China, Moss, Poly- antha. Tea, and Hybrid Perpetual varieties are arranged. Though thesehave been planted a good many years, owing to close attention and annual renovation they are in good con- dition. The pergolas are a notable feature at Swanmore. I made note of the best plants used, and among them are Actinidia arguta, such Vines as V. dissecta, V. Thunbergii, V. Coignetia?, V. purpurea, Akebia quinata. Wis- taria sinensis Polygonum baldschuanicum, Aristolochia Sipho, Clematis in variety, Roses Claire Jacquier, Dorothy Perkins, Electra, Belle Vichyoise, Queen Alexandra, &c. Of the Herbaceous Plants it may be said that there are few places where they are better or more extensively grown, and the borders surround three sides of the kitchen garden. They are from 10 feet to 12 feet wide, and are planted in masses of a sort, thus producing a fine effect. These were already assuming a bright and interesting appearance. Anemone fulgens, Fritillarias, Doronicum, Corydalis, and Orobus were already in bloom. I noticed large clusters of Solidago Shortii, Anthericums, CEnotheras, Achilleas, many varieties of Campanulas, Potentillas, Rud- beckias, Gillenia trifoliata, many Heleniums, the best varieties of Chrysanthemum, Ther- mopsis fabacea, a grand plant. Polygonums, and a host of other interesting subjects too numerous to enumerate. The Kitchen and Fruit Garden. — A good sized walled-in piece of ground and additional plots near by are splendidly culti- vated. Mr. Ellwood is one of those who believe in deep trenching, and speaking from results at the various horticultural exhibi- tions, where during the past two years he has been a most successful exhibitor of vege- tables, he is unquestionably following the right course. Fine breadths of well-grown Broccoli and Cabbage as well as other season- able vegetables were noticed. The walls were well clothed with excellently trained fruit trees. At one entrance I noticed an especially fine plant of Akebia quinata, which I was told rarely fails to flower. Nearly every variety of Apple of any worth both old and new are tried here, and as is generally known Mr. Molyneux planted and still has under his charge outside the garden many acres of bush trees. The Glass Houses.— These were built about the same time as the mansion, and are in a good state of preservation. Most of the vines are still fruiting well, which won for Mr. Molyneux so many prizes twenty or more years ago. The early house contained Hamburghs and Madresfield Court, the second one being planted entirely with ruscats twenty - six years ago, and a later house contained Lady Downe's, Mrs. Pince, Alicante, Gros Maroc, and Alnwick's Seedling. The centre is a show house, and contained many seasonable plants in flower. I noticed very fine plants of Begonia Glorie de Sceaux and B. manicata, the latter an old but deserving plant when grown as seen here. In the stove were Eucharis, Crotons, Anthuriums, and Dra- casnas, and on the roof Stephanotis floribunda. In the Peach house were Nectarine Pit- maston Duchess and Pineapple, and Barring- ton, Noblesse, and Gros Mignonne Peaches. In the greenhouse a grand old plant of Rose Lamarque was coming into flower. The Carnation house, a span roof, contained a fine lot of plants, many of the newer and better varieties of the Malmaison type being grown. I also noticed a fine plant of Rose Fortune's Yellow, which promised to outrival those at Lockinge Park, Berkshire. Cucum- bers, Melons, and Strawberries were bearing large crops. Chrysanthemums are still ex- tensively grown, but more for decorative than exhibition flowers. The only green- house which existed some thirty years ago is still retained. B CHRYSANTHEMUMS. EARLY-FLOWERING CHRYSAN- THEMUMS. Seasonable Hints. THE early - flowering Chrysanthe- mums that were planted out in their flowering quarters during May, as so frequently advocated in these columns, are now doing exceedingly well, and the only thing that gives the grower concern at this period is to keep the plants growing steadily on. It is astonishing what may be accom- plished with these plants by frequent hoeing of the soil. It is customary in our case to hoe between the plants at least once a week, and, in so doing, growth of a sturdy, bushy, and short- jointed character invariably results. Hoeing serves the double purpose of encouraging healthy growth, and, at the same time, keeps the ground free from weeds ; by these means, too, the flowering quarters present a tidy appearance. Already most of the plants have made beautiful branching growths, and these quite naturally. We have no sympathy with those who advocate pinching or stopping the early- flowering Chrysanthemums. They never do better than when left to develop their growths naturally, and any interference with the natural sequence of events in their life- history usually ends unsatisfactorily. At difl'erent periods we have tried the eflect of stopping the plants, as advocated by some writers, but the result has been so un- satisfactory that the perfectly natural July 15, 1905.J THE GARDEN. 25 development of these naturally bushy plants has been repeatedly demonstrated by its superiority over any other method of culture. When a plant is stopped, lateral growths develop immediately subsequent thereto, and for a time the vigorous character of these shoots gives one reason to be pleased. In the course of time, however, as the branches assume larger proportions and the strain upon the union with the main stem becomes more severe, the grower then has cause for concern. The union of the lateral growths that have been produced as a result of stopping the plants is so entirely different to those pro- duced in a natural manner that, when boisterous winds occur in early August, the strain upon the former causes many of them to snap out, thereby losing a large proportion of the plant's growth and spoiling the even contour of the plant, to say nothing of the loss of many valuable buds and blossoms ultimately. Plants that have been stopped or pinched need to be more carefully staked and tied than those developed in a natural manner. The ties and the growths must be made very secure, if one's plants are to be protected against strong winds and boisterous weather, as the autumn season comes along. In all cases staking and tying should be done in good time, and if the plants have not already received a stake for their support this should be done at once. Use stakes of a height to meet the needs of each plant, and thus avoid the unsightly appearance of having stakes that are longer than the plants really require. With stout raffia or tarred twine securely tie the plant to the stake at its base, as this is where the strain is first of all felt. Then make another tie immediately below where the plants begin to branch out into lateral growths, thus leaving the head of the bushy specimen free. As these lateral growths begin to attain a length where they will need the control and support of stakes and ties, begin to secure them to the central stake, or others inserted between the plants for their support. First of all make the tie secure to the stake, and then, within a loop-like tie, secure the shoot it is desired to control. In this way plants of a bushy character may present an even contour, and their well-being be thereby fully considered. Very soon buds will be develop- ing, the earliest sorts, of course, being the first to show these. Do not make the mistake of severely disbudding, so commonly practised on exhibition sorts and so frequently advo- cated by those accustomed to grow the same. The early - flowering varieties never look better than when left to develop growths and buds in a perfectly natural manner, and to this end only in the case of the more crowded buds should any of them be removed. The more recent introductions of the early Chrysanthemums have flowers on long foot- stalks, so that the need of disbudding is scarcely felt, but in the case of some of the older varieties terminal buds form in a dense cluster and seldom make the longer foot- stalks that one desires. In such cases, there- fore, remove the more crowded buds among them, but not unduly so. The only reason why the buds should be removed is when they interfere with the development of other buds in close proximity thereto. Let these simple rules be followed, a.nd there is no reason why plants bearing between 100 and 200 flowers should not be at their best in the following season of September and October. It will be an advantage to water the plants in dry weather when the buds are formed, but not until then. An earlier application of liquid manure invariably promotes a too coarse growth ; therefore do not water with liquid manures until the buds are well set. Insect pests at this season seldom give one much trouble. Occasionally green fly or black fly may be noticeable on the plant, but a timely dusting with tobacco powder vrill quickly eradicate these pests and keep the plants clean. Occasionally caterpillars are found upon the plants, and unless speedily despatched will soon disfigure the same. When once they are seen a search should be made for them, and, until the depredators drapery for an archway through a treilis fence. The plant has been in its present site for two years only, and has made rapid growth. Its wants are simple enough, plenty of water in the growing season, and an occasional over- hiuliog and tying up of the longer shoots. The white flower-heads are extremely graceful and pretty, and last a considerable time. This species seems to be the least aggressive of the numerous garden Polygonums, growing only where it is wanted instead of sending out vigorous and objectionable underground suckers in all directions from the main root. S. G. R. A SELF-PLANTED CORNER It has been an annual puzzle what to plant in a certain conspicuous and extremely dry corner of my shrubbery, partially under the shade and wholly under the evil influence of a Fir tree by TREE LUPIN SXOW QUEEN. have been discovered, the grower should not rest content. D. B. Crane. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS. TREE LUPIN SNOW QUEEN. 1 ENCLOSE a photograph of a white Tree Lupin (Snow Queen), at present in bloom in the garden of Dr. Maclbatt, Morelands, Duns, N. B. It is about two years old, and is, I think, about 4 feet high. The Lupin is a perfect shape all round, is not supported or pegged down in any way, and it is a mass of bloom all over. My photograph does not do it justice, but it gives a fair idea of this perfect specimen of the Snow Queen Tree Lupin. Duns, N.B. Amy N. Cameron. POLYGONUM BALDSCHUANICUM ON TRELLIS ARCH. A VERT pretty efi'ect results from the employ- ment of Polygonum baldschuanicum as a the side of the entrance drive. This year the question was happily settled for me by no less a personage than Dame Nature herself, and I send a photograph of the result, which has been much admired. Briefly described the combination consists of a mixture of Our Lady's Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) with its handsome ■white-blotched leaves and purple flower-heads, a good yellow long-spurred Aquilegia and an inferior purple one. Foxgloves, and Reseda alba. All these are self-sown, and blending gracefully together compose a moat delightful picture. S. G. R. GYPSOPHILA REPENS GRANDI- FLORA ROSEA. Quite by chance I discovered that not in one of the catalogues of half-a-dozen of the most noted Alpine nurseries in England which I have by me, nor in those of three well known Conti- nental firms either, is the above-named variety offered. They all only mention the type G. repens, with indififerent remarks, such as "covered with small white flowers," or "an Alpine species with white flowers," &c. Yet it is hard to believe that a gem of such excep- tional beauty as the variety rosea should either 23 THE GAllDEM. [JlLY 15, .905. not be better known, or not be taken more notice of, when slight d)vergence8 Ecarcely deteiving cf notice aie olten puffed up to a degree only calcu- lated to entail disappointment. With the variety under notice no fear of this need be enlertained. To my own fancy the 6weet beauty of a large " cuitain " of this plant, draping with its mellow tint a sloping bank or falling over the edge of some precipitous rock, would be hard to beat by any other sight in the lock garden. I can eafely say no other plant in my pofsefsion infpirea me with greater impatience and longing for its flowering period to approach, this period, moreover, being a fairly protracted one, atd never failing to bring forth the welcome sheet of lovely soft tinted hairy-looking little florets in their thousands and thousands year after year. I have it covering the top of a large boulder of rock, while lower down, overhanging a smaller piece of rotk, is the typeG. repens with smaller white flowers. In another place G. repens rosea hangs down from a higher structure encroaching already on Campanula turbinala in the crevice below it. At the bottom is Alsine liniflora, draping the slope with a sheet of white. I may mention that the rock work havirg been constructed only recently it is not yet fully furnithed. E Heinrich. STOVE & GREENHOUSE. MALMAISON CARNATIONS. THE original Malmaison, which I first knew upwards of forty years ago, still remains one of the best we have, yel it is remarkable that many fail to grow the Malmaisons successfully ; too much coddling is generally the cause. They certainly require careful treatment and a little difierent management to the ordinary sorts grown in pots. If the plants have not been hurried on they phould now be flowering, and to ensure the blooms lasting as long as possible the plants should be kept in a cool house, giving plenty of air night and day, and a slight shading when the sun is bright, but heavy shading will weaken the growth which is to follow for another year. It is hardly necessary to say that when large flowers are required all the side buds should be taken off as they appear. Watering is an essential point, while over watering may prove fatal. To let the plants get too dry, any time after the buds begin to form, will check the development of the flowers. Weak liquid manure may be used frequently — that made from cow manure and soot being the best. It should be made some time before it is required for use, and allowed to settle down, so that it can be used in quite a clear state. The plants cannot be syringed while flowering, but the floor, walls, • and benches may be kept well moistened. Red sp der is sometimes very troublesome, therefore every precaution should be taken to keep it in check. Sulphur and lime-dust may be freely used. If the plants are dusted over periodically it will keep off mildew and "spot," aLd aUo check the spider. The same plants may be grown on for several years, but they require careful attention. Start- ing from the time they have done flowering, they should first have the flower-stems cut away. These should be cut c ff as close above a shoot as possible, as when left rather too long they are liable to die back below the shoots, and the plants will gradually be lost. All old leaves should be removed If the side shoots are well started it will be safer to give each a stick, as they split eft' easily. After being properly cleaned they will be ready for repotting. Some of the old soil may be removeel, and perhaps some plants may go back into the same sized pots or even a smaller size. Before disturbing them, any that are dry should be watered, and allowed to stand for a time. Much depends upon the soil being in a proper state in regard to moisture. The compost for potting ehould consist of soft fibrous Inam, some leaf-mould (which should be thoroughly cleansed from woims, &c. ), and a little well-rotted stable manure may be added, also seme bone-meal (not dissolved bones). Some growers use peat, and if the loam is heavy it it an advantage, but with good loam I should prefer to leave it out. After repotting thej may be placed in a cold pit, where they can be shaded and kept moderately close for a few days, but they should never be shut up quite close (for this, I may point out, will almost invariably bring about mildew and spot). After they are re- established, the lights may be left ofi' night and day, unless it is in very bright weather, when the lights may be put on and tilted up, and a slight shade put over them, but this should never be left on after about 3 p.m. In case of heavy rains, the lights may also be put on. In very dry weather syringing in the evening will be bene- ficial. The plants should never be crowded together. Some growers keep them in the house all through the year, but I have found they are better out of doors, where they get the benefit of the night dews. They should, however, be taken under glass early in autumn, and as soon as we get cold damp weather a little artificial heat may be given. Air and light, with a LIUUM HABBISI WITH TEN FLOWEBS ON A STEM. temperature of about 50° to 55° Fahr., will ensure healthy growth. Carnations are often ruined through being kept too close and warm in winter. This particularly applies to the Malmaisons. They cannot be forced, but in bright sunny weather a little extra heat, with plenty of air, may help them on. Although the same plants will do service for several years, some young stoc k Khould be propagated annually. I have found that where ihty can be bedded out in the open ground the strongest plants ate secured. In the Channel I^lands I believe they do well in the open through the winter, but I have not known them to succeed except undercover in England. I have prepagated from cuttings tsken in August, but layering is the safest method, and stronger plants ate secured. The layering may be done soon after the plants have finished flowering. It may be more convenient to do this in a frame. A spent hot-b(d, with a good f urfacing of sandy loam, will tuit them, or I have rooted them successfully in pots, and this is a convenient method. After the plants have been prepared so as to leave a portion of clean stem a cut is made upwards from the under side, the cut may extend about half an inch or more, but must go through one joint, and rather more thao halfway through the stem. It is difficult to bend the shoots down much, IS they split o£f from the stem easily. If turneej ■ut of their pots and put into a larger size, placing them at the bottom, so that the pot oaD oe filled up and bury the stems above the cuts, I he layers may be pressed forward so as tt> leave the cut open. A peg may be used for each^ but this is hardly necessary if the stems can be kept well below the surface without. With large plants it is easier to layer them in the ground, and the plants can be laid on their side* to bring the shoots down. When this is done a. peg is necessary for each layer (or shoot). The lime of layering depends on the growth of the plants, but the earlier it can be done the better, and it should never be left later than the m ddle of August. It is advisable to take the layeis e ff and pot them as soon as they are well rooted. When left too long, the roots get entangled and it is diflicult to separate each layer without losing a lot of roots. When first potted they may have a little shade, but never over shade or shut them up close. VAKitTirs.— We now have quite a number included in this section of Carnations ; but the old variety, which ia of a delicate blush pink, still remains one of the most desirable. There are sports of deeper shades which have not beei> renamed, except as Fink Malmaison and Bos» Malmaison. Princess of Wales is one of the best of the more distinct varieties ; Princess May is also a fine variety, of a deep rose-pink shade ; Nell Gwynne is the best white; The Chureh- warden is a good crimson ; Prime Minister scarlet, and there are others quite as good ; but some that are catalogued with the Malmaisons are of hybrid origin, and hardly belong to the true Malmaison class. A. Hemsley. CORRESPONDENCE. fThe Editor is not responsible for the opinions expressed by correspondents. ) ROSES WITH GREEN CENTRES. [To THE Editor or "The Garden."] SI R, — That the green centres common in certain Roses come from some check in the bloom foiniation is obvious, but this gives no explanation why csertaiD Roses, and those often of the strongest, are so liable. Most liable of all is Mme. Isaac Peteire ; and I think it will be agreed that next comes Mrs. Paul, and then probably Souvenir de la Malmaison. Now, as all three of these are Bourbons, the explanation must be connected with this fact, and probably, therefore, with the singular property of Bourbons to flower their best only in the second blooming. I always advise taking off most — or even all — the hnds of Mme. Isaac Pereire and Mrs. Paul in May. They will mote than compensate for it in August. A further confirmation of this may be found in the addiction to this vice of Eclair, nhich is one of the very grandest of autumn bloomers. I have never seen Ejlair's parentage stated, but I strongly suspect an infusion of Bourbon blood. (J. E. Jeans. Shorwell Vicarage, Ide oj Wight. LILIUM HARRISI. [To the Editor of "The Garden."] SiR.^I send you a photograph of Lilium Harrisi which is carrying ten blooms. It was grown in a 7-inch pot. I potted it on October 1 in a 5 inch pot. The soil used was good loam, leaf-mould, silver sand, a little peat, and a little burnt earth. I then plunged the pots in ashes, and, after they had made good roots and a little lop growth, I took them out of the ashes and put them in a cold frame. In January I potted them into July 15, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 27 7-inoh pots, using the same compost, and then I placedtheminavinerythatlhad just started. They were left there till they formed their buds, and afterwards they were stood in a cool greenhouse until they flowered. I had several bulbs of Harrisi in pots of the same size, but they only carried six or seven blooms each. I thought this one was very good, hence the reason for sending you a photograph of it. J- Hoxlby. (Gardener to P Williams, Esq.) Ptnygarth, Brymbo, near Wrexham. LONG-KEEPING APPLES. [To THE Editor of "The Gakdbn."] Sib, — The statement of one of your correspon- dents as to the keeping quality of some English Apples is interesting, and so may be this not very unusual fact as to the keeping quality of some Canadian Apples. At the end of July last I mentioned to my gardener the fact that I had that day had my first Apple from the new fruit — Early Harvest — and that an excellent one ; whereupon he informed roe that he had never had a better Apple pudding than the one he had that day eaten from the Apples of the year before. No special care was taken with them ; they were merely piled in heaps on wooden benches in a cellar with a northern exposure only. The season has a good deal to do with it ; a hard winter helps very much. This year they have not done so well, having kept well until last week only, but since July last, until last week, we have had any quantity of Apples every day in good condition. Tons rot under the trees every year, and jet there is a superabundance housed. MiDDEROW. London, Canada, June 17, lOOo. TREES AND SHRUBS. A BEAUTIFUL MAGNOLIA. (M. HYPOLEUCA.) IN several parts of the country this hand- some Magnolia is flowering for the first time, and gives promise of being a valuable addition to the larger- growing section of the genus in the near future, when existing trees have attained larger dimensions. It has only been grown for twelve or fifteen years, and it is still comparatively rare. In general appear- ance it resembles M. tripetala to a certain extent, but the flower is quite diflferent. The leaves are large and handsome, often 1 foot to 15 inches in length, and 6 inches to 8 inches in width. The petioles are rarely more than 2 inches long, and retain the scars made by the two large and curious stipules, which are divided at the extremities and united in the middle, and which fall at a very early stage, often before the leaves are fully developed. When young the leaves are densely covered on the under surface with a fine, soft pubescence ; on older foliage, how- ever, the pubescence is less dense. When young the leaves have a bronzy tinge, and when older they are deep green above, glaucous beneath, and previous to falling turn to a pretty shade of yellow. The flowers are white, with three greenish brown sepals. The petals are eight or nine in number, the inner ones being smaller than the outer, the margins of all having occasionally a faint purplish tinge. The stamens are attractive, the filaments are bright red, the anthers white. The styles are purplish in colour, and are well above the stamens. The flowers are at their best when about three parts open, but they do not keep long in first-rate condition. At this stage they are somewhat cup-shaped, and 5 inches or 6 inches across. As they age they open out wide, become ragged, and turn to a reddish brown colour. When at their best they are very fragrant, the perfume being noticeable from a con- siderable distance. The species is a native of Japan, and is there said to attain a large size. At Kew a tree growing in the Azalea garden has borne a number of flowers during June. W. D. THE ROSE GARDEN. EOSE TEA RAMBLER. A MONG the many Roses in flower on /% the pergola at Kew at the present I \ time / — % this is 1 jL one of the prettiest. A seed- ling from Crimson Rambl er a nd a Te v variety, the name suits it admirably. It has the foliage of a Tea Rose, and a vigorous ramb ling habif, making growths 10 feet or 12 feet in length. The foliage is practically ever- green, and the flowering period extends over a long season. The flowers are pro- duced in profu- .sion, often from tea to twenty in a bunch. The small blooms are coppery pink when opening, changing to salmon pink, quite a distinct colour amongst the multiflora hybrids, and they are sweetly scented. An excellent variety for arches and pergolas, it should also prove useful for running ov er old tree stumps and rooteries. Grown as a standard, it is one of the best weeping Roses. It was raised by Messrs. Paul and Son of Che>hunt. The Rose dell at Kew is one of the most beautiful features of the Royal Gardens in the summer months. The plants have been chosen for their freedom of flower- ing. A. O. TWO BEAUTIFUL BRIAR ROSES. Of all the single Roses now grown, and they are very numerous, there are few tha«; give greater pleasure than Lady Penzance and Janet's Pride. The former was certainly the most precious of the sixteen varieties sent out by the late Lord Penzance, and it seems a strange fact that the Rose world had to wait so many years for hybrids from that finely-coloured and oldest of Roses the Austrian Copper, or Rosa punicea. Lord Penzince, with marvellous patience, produced the variety Lady Perzance by crossing the Rosa canina of our hedges with the Austrian Copper. This latter will not succeed everywhere, but Lidy Ponzarce may be cultivated as easily as the common Briar. The Sweet Briar fragrance remains to add to its charms. This Rose would make a pretty object budded on a standard Briar, and it is splendid on arch or pillar, or covering the ground if pruned hard back or pegged. m ^ iL * ♦ B'vC,. ^^^K ' t 155 few - '•;. '■ 1 r .. ;'>■ ^"^ '*'■"., 1 sa« luMRflB^^^K * jfc^i*^'r#- ■-.-> ■Jk^^^^w^ll^'^ .<^f*r^.*-*- ^'""^^^^S&fK^mp^ ''Uti ^^ rv' :'^ M ^ -'.»n?«i«wf*w««s 1 r - ' *■ T 0LIMBIK6 ROSE TEA RAMBLER IN THE ROYAL GARDEKS, KEW. 28 THE GARDEN. [July 15, 1905. Janet's Pride is a rich rosy pink, with white splashes and stripes. The deeper colour, how- ever, prevails near the edges of the petals. There is not a powerful Sweet Briar fragrance, yet one can detect the scent in early morning or evening, or after a shower. P. A NEW RAMBLING ROSE. We are enclosing a photograph we hive just had taken of our new hybrid climber Waltham Bride. This is an early-flowering, pure white varietVi and the plants have just finished bloom- ing. The plants In the photograph are just one of the ordinary nursery rows, the plants being roughly supported from between with sticks to keep them in position. Waltham Cross. W. Paul and Son. NEW AND RARE PLANTS. A NEW DAY LILY. HEMEROCALLIS CORONA, the new hybrid Day Lily shown in the accompanying illustration, is one of several new ones raised by Mr. G. Yeld, Clifton Cottage, York. It vs'as shown at a recent meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, and received an award of merit from the floral committee. It is said to be the result of a cross between H. flava and H. aurantiaca major. The colour is a good deal similar to that of the latter, but the flowers are not so large. It is evidently very free flowering, to judge from the flowering sprays exhibited. Mr. G. Yeld has raised several beautiful Day Lilies and Irises. Some of the latter were exhibited before the Royal Horticultural Society, and one obtained an award of merit. THE FLOWER GARDEN. THE CARNATION IN THE GARDEN. IF the Rose holds the first place in the garden, the Carnation surely must come next in importance, though the Lily may surpass it in grace, and the Carnation has this merit, that in gardens near towns or in smoky districts it will thrive quite as happily as in pure air, while the Rose demands both shelter and the country. In the country, however, it must be con- fessed that hares and rabbits work havoc among Carnations, and make it impossible to grow them in many gardens unless carefully wired in from all attacks of their enemies. For this reason, and for others which I shall specify, I want to suggest that the Con- tinental plan of growing Carnations in boxes or pots on balconies, house-tops, or any such place of vantage is worth considering. In Spain Carnations are grown almost entirely in this way, and flowers hang down naturally, so that the guard petals are then able to fulfil their function and shelter the centre of the flower from sun and rain, thereby causing it to fill up perfectly. I fancy that some of our exhibitors would find the quality of their blooms enhanced were they allowed to hang down in this way, and no one who has visited Spain in late spring will deny the beauty of this mode of growth. Carnations are found growing wild on crags and on ruined walls, so it is evident they do not prefer a low and flat situation, though at first they may make very strong growths in such a position when the soil is rich. Autumn dews and winter rains will cause these ROSB WALTHAM BRIDE AT WALTHAM CROSS. vigorous and sappy shoots to canker and rot off at the base by another spring, thus dis- appointing the gardener who looked for success in the summer. The real difficulty in Carnation culture is the short duration of the plants. What is uglier than a nurseryman's bed of rooted layers planted in rows in a bed, each with its flower stem stiffly tied up, and the buds probably severely disbudded, and this more or less must be true of all freshly-planted Carnations. The object, then, of picturesque Carnation growing is to keep the old plants in health for two or three years, when a luxuriant mass of growth and flower is pro- duced. When this is achieved the beauty of the Carnation is undeniable. It is certain that a Carnation plant will last longer in health when its collar is screened from damp by stones, or by any such protection as is afforded by steeply sloping ground. Extremes of heat are quite as injurious as winter cold, for the Carnation prefers an equable climate that is neither hot nor cold, such as is found over tht greater part of our islands. So, then, if the Carnation is to last long in the garden you love, plant it on banks with plenty of big stones about to screen the collars of the plants from moisture and cold, and rendering the temperature equable. Let the aspect be east or west rather than south, and let the wind blow freely over it, for no plant enjoys wind more than the Carnation. Most gardens have a wind-blown corner. Why not plant the Carnations there 1 When you can, let the flowers and foliage hang down naturally, and in the second summer a tangled mass of flower and foliage will result quite unlike the conventional Carnation bed, and infinitely more enduring. The so-called Tree Carnation is the most useful for autumn flower-beds, as the handsome but more formal and summer- flowering florists Carnation does not continue more than a month or six weeks in flower, and, moreover, does not strike so readily from cuttings as the tree varieties do. By the sea and on sloping banks the spicy Cloves endure for years, and need only an occasional layering, so where there is the opportunity of making a dry wall with plenty of earth behind, moist and yet well drained, there is the place for a long-lived display of Car- nations, which will give the amateurseveral years of pleasure before it needs thorough re newal or overhauling. No one regrets more than I do the impossibility of the cul- ture of Malmaison Carnations in the open garden. So fra- grant, so beautiful, so large and handsome, it seems quite a mistake that they will not exist save under very special condi- tions. Will the gardener of the future provide us with a race of hardy Malmaisons 1 If so, I think he will gain a good reward in thanks and in gold. Carna- tions are particularly acceptable in the old - fashioned kitchen garden herbaceous border; July 15, 1905.1 THE GARDEN. '/9 their beauty is not suited to the formal garden, and when planted formallyshould only be used for cut bloom and for propaga- tion, two things that are indispensable in the modern garden. Moderate disbudding I would always allow. Some varieties indeed require it ; the flower- buds are so congested that all cannot expand freely. It is, however, a matter of individual taste, and should be left an open question. How best to deter- mine what Carnations shall be grown is another matter that needs judgment. The varieties that grow well on the strong and c old soils of the northern portion of England do not like the hot and light soils of the south, while some of the yellows and soft reds or pinks do best in the last mentioned. The old and fragrant Clove is apt to die out in the south in hot seasons, while in the north a wet year (like 1903) causes heavy losses the following winter. There are a few extra en- during named varieties I will mention, such as the well-known Raby Pink, that is well to the fore after more than threescore year's wear and tear, but its flower is small as well as deeply fringed, a fault in some folks' opinion, though not in mine. Of whites I still put Trojan as the moat reliable of border Carnations, fine in every way save its lack of scent. Of pure scarlets there is a greater choice ; indeed, this colour is always of hardier growth than any other that I know, and it is a matter of opinion whether the very smooth edged varieties are as efi'ec- tive as the rougher edged sorts. Of deep crimsons I have found Mephisto the most enduring and hardy, and of pure yellows there is nothing to touch Miss Audrey Camp- bell as far as I know ; and of rose-reds, no ■variety is more enduring and handsomer than Belladona. Of orange shades Midas is still the finest ; and of lighter buffs, Mrs. Reynolds Hole is yet worth a place, though not good on strong soils. The Picotees, especially the modern ones raised by Mr. Martin Smith, are very vigorous and hardy, but after a few years they are apt to lose vigour when grown in the open border, while those grown in pots retain their health to a far greater degree, which proves that much water in winter is death, more or less lingering, to the Carnation. The Tree or Perpetual Carnation is not enough planted for summer use in my judg- ment. It is far more amenable for bedding purposes, and can equally be propagated for summer and autumn flowering as for winter culture under glass. With an edging of Phlox HEMEBOCALLIS CORONA. (New hybrid shown by Mr. 0. Yeli, Clifton Cottage, York.) Drummondi pegged down outside the Carna- tions an uncommonly bright display can be achieved, and the long sprays of bloom are lasting for cut flower purposes. Perhaps some one has already tried some of the strong-growing American varieties in this way. The Carnation is always so welcome as withstanding rain when half open, that it must prove very useful in stormy autumn weather until winter is upon us and the hardy Chrysanthemum is ready to supply the de- mand for cut flowers. E. H. Woodall. 30 THE GAKDEN. iJtLY 15, 1905. GARDENING FOR BEGINNERS. EASILY - GROWN LILIES. — The accompanying illustration shows two of the most easily-grown Lilies in a small garden seven miles from Charing Cross. They are Lilium umbellatura and L croceu'n (in front). The flowers of the former are larger than those of L. croceum (Orange Lily), and they are of orange red colouring. They do not last so long as those of the Orange Lily, howtver. The blooms of the latter are rich clear orange yellow, very freely produced, lasting well, and making a brillimt display for quite three weeks in June and July. It may be interesting to state that the bulbs which have produced these flowers were trans- planted early in April last, when the growths were 6 inches or 8 inches high. The slight check ecems to have done no harm at all ; in fact, if anything they have flowered more freely than ever this year. These Lilies grow quite well in ordinary garden soil if it is well dug and some sand mixed in with it. It is perfectly hardy, and requires no protection in winter. It is growing in a border facing south-west. It get."! the morning and early afternoon sun. It seems a pity that more people with small gardens do not grow this Lily. Fo.ryloves. — The Foxgloves are such stately plants when they are well grown that it is sur- prising they are not more often met with in gardens, as even the common wild variety is very attractive. There is, however, a sufficient number of different colours now to enable anyone to make a good feature of them if suitable posi- tions are selected. The white variety is, per- haps the most striking of any when it is given good soil and plenty of room. I have before me as I write a spike of flowers 3 feet high, and on two-thirds of the length are half-open or fully expanded flowers. The present is a good time to take young plants in hand for flowering next year. If they cannot beset out where they are to bloom they should be planted in good ground 15 inches apart each way and transferred to their flowering quarters about the middle of October. The shrubbery border is the best place for them, as a background of shrubs enhances their stately character. — P. Perennial Gaitlardias. — Probably no other hardy flowers are so valuable for cutting as the Gaillardias, and certainly any more easily managed I do not kmw. For ordinary purposes I think that seedling plants are better than those obtained from cuttings. Owing to the way I treat the seedling plants I get them into bloom earlier and the flowers are much larger. I also get a more robust growth and a greater number of flowers than I obtain from cuttings, although they may be only one year old. I sow the seed of the perennial varieties some time in May, and when the seedlings are large enough I plant them out where they are to flower. In my strong soil I find that if I set out the plants IS inches apart each way it is none too far. If they are closer to- gether the growth gets drawn and the individual blossoms are smaller. Treated in this way and given good soil, it is surprising what a number of flowers the plants will produce and the long time they will continue blooming. — E. Sweet Williams. — Amongst the most precious of early summer flowers is the Sweet William, but, as with most things, the self-coloured forms are by far the btst, more preferable in every way than those spotted or undecided in colour. Raisers pay too much regard to size, as if a flower increased in interest and beauty according to the breadth of its petals. This is a glaring fault in SIMPLE HINTS. the Sweet William, as pronounced as its speckled colours laid on like bits of bid mosaic. Those varieties are best that have flowers of a good strong colour, deep crimson, perhaps, set off with a white margin, with also a white eye, or without any contrast, simply self crimson, the Sweet William in this form is a great gain. Of recent years one has seen many acquisitions to the Sweet Williams, but none too many decided self varieties or such fine things as the double crimson, which is delightful in a group. A Beautiftd Lobelia. — One of the finest dwarf blue Lobelias for the border or bed is one called Mrs. Clibran, sent out by Messrs. Clibran, Altrincham. The plant is of very compact growth, and some small ones planted a few inches apart soon grew together and formed a dense tuft, which becomes a mass of the rich blue, .vhite-eyed flowers. This variety has been in bloom for some time past. It is undoubtedly TWO EASILY-GROWN LILIES IM A TOWN GARDEN. {L. umffcUatum, orange red, and L. croceum, orange, in front.) a valuable Lobelia, for it is dwarf, compact, and free, and its flowers are, perhaps, the most richly- coloured of any variety. It is a splendid plant for the small garden, and makes a brilliant bit of colour. TTie Best Rose. — A correspondent writing recently in The Garden mentioned Caroline Testout as his favourite Rose. None can dispute its being a very fine one, but for the beginner I really thiak the best Rose is Clio. For profuiion of flowering and strong growth there is no Rose to equal it in mj' opinion. The pale, flesh- coloured blooms are of excellent form, and are produced i.i bunches on strong, stout growths. When plants are two or three years old, and some of the strongest shoots have been slightly shortened and pegged down they simply bristle with buds and flowers. As an object-lesson in ; pegging down the shoots of Roses, and also as showing the value of Clio for this method of culture and its astonishing profusion of flowers, all those who have an opportunity should see a hed of this Rose near the Palm house at Kew. The long shoots of last year's growth are slightly arched, and the ends fastened down by means of pegs. The result is that almost every bud along the whole length of the shoot has burst into strong growth and is bearing a bunch of flowers. — H. Pegging down Ro.s(s. — The good results from pegging down the shoots of Roses in spring, as then advised, may now be seen. I practise this method with any varieties, making growths strong enough for the purpose, and I obtain far mor» flowers than I otherwise should do. Of course, these shoots must be cut out after they have flowered, in order to make room for other shoots to flower the following year ; in fact, they ar» pruned as climbing Roses are pruned, so far a» the pegged-down shoots are concerned. — E. A Beautiful Annual. — In how few gardens does one see Collinsia candidissima or C bicolor, both beautiful and useful annual flowers! These are produced very freely in whorls up the stems ; in fact, the latter are full of flowers when the plants are at their best. C. candidissima is white, md C. bicolor is purple and white. From seed "Own some threi) mon ths ago we ha ve now a splendid! group of these Collinsias in full flower. Close by IS a mass of the white Clarkia, a most useful innual also. It was sown at the same time as the Collinsias. Anyone who wants a neat- growing annual for an edging should sow Lepto- "iphon aureus. This is a neat, quite dwarf plant with pretty leaves, and bears small, round, bright \ ellow flowers. It lasts in beauty for a con- siderable time. If possible, it should be sown ivhere it will get as much sun as possible, for the flowers close when the sun is off them. Pink Pipings. — I have lately made a propa- gating frame for the cuttings of Pinks by taking a large shallow box, with one or two holes at the bottom, placing some rough turf over the bottom, then putting on this about 3 inches of very sandy light soil. I dibbled in the Rutlinga, making 'hem very firm at the base, and covered the box with glass. Placed in a shady place the cuttings have every chance of rooting, just as well as though they were in a large garden frame. Those whose garden space is limited will find it quite easy to root their Pink cuttings as I have described. It is important to keep them in the shade, to keep the glass over the box, and also in the morning to remove the condensed moisture which gathers on the glass. If this is not done it will fall upon the cuttings, and may cause them to decay. Viola Kilty Bell is the finest I have grown this year. Ever since planting in April the plants have been in flower, and for the past tew weeks they have borne a profusion of blossoms. These are a very attractive pale mauve. The plants have not become at all "drawn" or " leggy," as some varieties have done, but have remained dwarf and compact. It is just the thing for a small town garden, and I am sure that no one who grows it once would wish to be without it again. — E. H. Propagating Double Chinese Primulas. — Many- fail to strike these plants from cuttings, as they are liable to damp off before rooting is completed, but if the old plants are surfaced well up the stems with a mixture of chopped moss, peat, or leaf-mould and sand, pressed firmly, and kept reasonably moist, roots will form in the top- dressing, and, when division takes place, every bit has roots and there are no failures. July 15, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 31 A Beautiful Hardy Plant. — Achillea mODgoliua is a beautiful hardy plant for the border, and the flowers are good for cutting during the months of Slay and June. It has been a good deal in evidence lately for table decoration ai d bouquet work. It is easily propagated by division, and when fully developed grows about IS inches high. It is not particular about soil. Packing Flowers. — The best way to send flowers is to wet some moss and wring it out in in the band, and either tie it on to or lay it loosely but firmly among the stalks, and to en- velop the whole in some large fresh leaf, like Caboage, Khubarb, Spinach, Lettuce, Dock, or even Ivy. If the box is larger than the space the specimens actually occupy, it is well to fold the green leaf over the flowers and to fill the rest of the space with crumpled paper of any kind, wood or paper shavings, or any such mate- rial, in order to keep the flowers quite firm, and not allow any movement whatever. It is much better to pack very tight, only short of crushing, than to leave any space which would allow them to move. It should be remembered that a postal journey is a train journey, and that the unceasing vibration means a constant grinding of any sur- faces which may be in contact with each other. Only tight packing prevents injury from this cause. In all such packing exclusion of air is also of the utmost importance ; therefore tins are the best kind of receptacle. There is generally a Cabbage leaf in the kitchen, and there is often only too much Ivy on the houEe. Sea Staricort [Aster Tripolium). — Aster Tripo- lium has a curious habit well known to botanists, by which it appears when in flower in diffarent positions to be two quite dissimilar plants. When growing on sea cliffs and the laodward part of salt marshes the flower has the purple ray petals as well as the yellow florets of the disc. But in parts of the salt marshes nearest to the sea, where the plants are submerged by every tpring tide, the flower is of the yellow disc only, and the plant, growing in dense masses, sometimes by the half acre, looks in autumn like a sheet of yellow bloom and the blossom individually like a flower of quite a different character. Erinu-s alpinus in Bough Stone Steps. — Those who are in sympathy with plant-life and have tome understanding of the ways and wants of flowering plants will have two questions always present in their minds. In any place of what- soever nature that is bare they will ask them- selves— What is the plant that will suit this place that will both look well and also be happy ? The second question will occur when contemplating beds or boxes of seedlings, or any store of plants waiting to be put out, and it will take this form — What place have I where these will thrive and look right ? An opportunity for the happy solu- tion of the first question occurred two years ago when some rough stone steps leading to a loft above a stable, already sparely clothed with natural mosses, seemed to invite the introduction of something a little better. A few seeds of Krinus were scattered in the joints, and mossy tufts grew and throve, taking to the somewhat unpromising place with a cheerful vigour that was more than the expected reward of what was only ventured upon as a pitcs of experimental planting. So that one may confidently advise anyone who has a bit of moss-grown wall or steep stony bank to sow Erinusand leave the accommo- dating little alpine to do the rest. The flowers are purplish red of a harmless type, and the little flower-stems have a distinct character in their way of standing sturdily with their backs pressed against an upright stone. The whole plant has a rather fusty smell that is disagreeable to some, but that may well be forgiven in the open air. Summer Treatment of Baspberries. — Early thinning greatly lessens the attack of the Lampronia rubiella, or Raspberry bud grub, that has literally Fpoikd many plantations. The young canes having plenty of light are well malurtd at the end of the season, and not so liable to the attack of the pest as if they were half ripened, and the constant stirring of the surface soil by hoes or other implements does not give the enemy much rest, as it is exposed to changes of weather and the keen eyes ot birds or poultry. Immediately the fruit is picked all the old canes are cut out and then burned, returning the ashes to the soil. It is a good plan to burn all young or old canes, weedf, &c., as the athes are a grand fertiliser and will retain most of the constituents removed from the soil. This is much better than allowing the refuse to lie in a heap, harbouring insects and serving no useful purpote. Apricots and Plums. — The breast wood of Apricots, Cherries, and Plums may be shortened back to four leaves, and the fruit, if too thick, should be thinned. If the spraying has been attended to there should be no insects now, and any tree which requires more nourishment may have it in the shape of a rich top-dressing or liquid manure. We are becoming alive to the fact that heavily-loaded trees require more feeding than they usually get. fTork among Wall Treei.—lt, is rather soon yet to begin summer pruning, better wait till the end of the month, when the young wood is getting a bit firm at the base. The surplus vigour will then have been worked cff and there will not be so much soft late growth, as the fruit will take up all the flow of sap. But there is work to do in tyirg or nailing in the leaders and training in the young shoots of Peaches. The Tulip Tree. — This is a beautiful lawn tree when it has attained size. The finest Tulip Tree we know of is, or rather was — for it is twenty years since we saw it — at Killerton Park, near Exeter, Sir Thomas Acland's beautiful place. There are many other beautiful trees in the grounds there, including some very fine Ever- green Oiks. All the planter can do is to get a good tree, plant it carefully, and leave it for his descendants. GARDENING OF THE WEEK. FLOWER GARDEN. RHODODENDRONS AND AZALEAS are now out of bloom, and the plants will benefit by having the seed-pods removed. Where large quantities are grown and many lai^e boshes exist, it is not always practicable for all to be attended to in this way ; still, an endeavour should be made to relieve the choicest kinds and younger plants of the strain of seed-bearing. If any bushes unduly encroach on their neighbours, or on the grass or walks, the present is a favourable lime to cut ihem in, but do not use shears. Cut offending growths well back to the old wood with a sharp knife or secateur. Laurels and any other shrubs that require keeping within bounds should be treated in the same way, but late-flowering Deutzias, Weigelas, Thorns. Spii8ea°, &c , should have the spent floweringspraysonly cutout, leaving the current season's thoots intact to provide next year's bloom. Of course, if these latter are a thicket, thin out the weakest. (I assume the earlier-flowering varieties of the ah<»ve have already been dealt with as previously advised.) Where Tropjeolum SPECiosUii is rambling over living shrubs and growii g too thickly, thin out well, for if left to grow into a thicket it will smother and destroy the shrub, and the Tropeeolum itself will not flower as freely or be as effective as if only strands of it were left at some distances apart. Grown in this way — the sirands allowed freedom to cling, ramble, and festoon in whatever form and directiun they choose, without any attempt at formal training— I think this beautiful climber is seen at its best. Yew, Box, and other Hedges should be clipped, and any shrubs that are trimmed in formal or fantastic ways must often be seen to, so that no shoot lakes the lead to the detiiment of the others. PiSRS —The growths of these are now in good order to insert pipings in hand-lights, pits, or frames, according to requirements and stock to be provided. Keep them close for two or three weeks, excepting for a short time daily, when a chink of air should be admitted for au hour or so to dry up condenged ndoisture. Shade from bright snu and new lightly occasionally, but avoid saturating the soi). Considtrable care is needed with some of the newer sorts, fur I fear they are more delicate and will nut stand the rough usage often meted out to the old Fringtd Pii.k, and are not of such free growth, but they are an acquisition, veiy beautiful, later than ihe type, and well desei viiig an extra tfforl to grow and increase the stock of them. AxNUAis sown where intended to bloom, whether in drills ur clumps, must be thinned out with a free hand if the best and most lasting result is to follow, and if the weather be dry give a soaking of water to settle the soil around the disturbed roots of those left, or some will suffer from the check. Wallflowers should be pricked out a few inches apart as fast as they become large enough to handle, for if left too thickly in the drills many will damp cff. They can be transferred later to other quarters to complete their growth before being planted out where they are to flower, Sow Bnimpton and Intermediate Stocks, and more Polyanthus, Myosotis, Silenes, and other annuals for nest spring's floweiing. J, KoBERTS. Th* Gardens, Tan-y-bwlch, Xorth Wales. INDOOR GARDEN. Bttlbs. — Where bulbs for early forcing are growu, no time shuuld be lost in ordering them, and especially Roman Hyacinths, Paper White Narcissus, and, if more varitty be required, Early Snowflake Narcissus may be included. At all times only bulbs of good quality should be grown for fuicing; for very early work it is still more important. No more, if as much, labour is necessary to grow good bulbs as those of inferitr quality. Liliums are makire: a gocd show. Keep the later ones at the back of a north wall or in a house of the same aspect to retard the flower* ii z pf-riod as much as possible. Salvias.— ilany of the SaUias are ready for the flowering pots. B> pinching some of the plants later than others the flowtrii'g period can be considerably lengthened. Some requite slightly different treatment to others. S. azurea prandiflora (syn. Piichpri), if stopped more than two cr three times, produces verj* week growth. With this variety it is advisable to grow ihree plants in a 9-inch ( r 10-inch pot. Grow all in a frame till rooting in the new soil, when they can be transferred to the open air. When stopping the plants, a few of the tops can ha inserted for flowering in small pots. Potting.— Quite a number of winter-flowering plants are ready lor the final potting, Reinwardlias, Peristrophes, Begonias, Eupatoiiums, &c. Kelurn to an inteimediate house for a time after potting, keeping the house rather close for a few days. The plants like a moist atmosphere, &o the syringe can be used freely, not only to encourage the growth of the plants, but also to keep down insect pest-s. Red spider is often very troublest me at this time ' f year. Nothing encourages it more than a dry atmosphere. There are still a few hard-wot ded plants to pot as the flcfwering period ends. Polygalas, Pimellas, and Platy- thecas are ready ior potting any time when opportunity occurs. The Amateur's Grieshouse.- Plenty of flowers are now rewarding the cultivator. The zonal Geraniums area mass of flower ; the double varieties last much longer than the singles. To prevent the latter shattering so soon place a drop of Floral Gum in the centre of each flower with a small oil-can. A few seedlings raised annually add considerable interest to their cultivation. Select several of the largest and best-shaped flowers for crossing. The colour of the flower haa also to be considered. The tuberous Begonias are comirg into flower. To increase the size of the flower, especially of the double varieties, the female flowers should be removed. A few cuttings of Coleus may be put in for a late batch. Keep the large plants in shape by removing the points of the shoots occasionally. Insert a few Selaginella cuttings for use during the winter. Many of the vigorous young Ferns are ready for potting on. Cut t ff several old fronds of Asplenium bulbiferum covered with yoni g plants. Peg them on a pan of light soil or on the fibre in the propa- gating frame, where they will soon root. Roi,al Botanic Gardens, Eew. A. Osborn. FRUIT GARDEN. Pineapples. — There should be no delay now in potting the main batch of Queen suckers, so that they may make as much growth as possible before the end of the season. A low pit is a very suitable place to grow them in till they need repotting. Thon ughly cleanse the pit and lime wash the walls. A hot-bed should be in readiness to receive the plants as soon as they are potted. Oak leaves with a little stable manure at the bottom will make an excellent plunging material. The temperature of this should he about 90° when the plants are plunged, eventu- ally declining to 85*='. Good fibrous loam pulled up by hand and in good workable condition is all that Is required to plant them in at this stage ; 6iiich or 7-inch pot?, according to the size of the suckers, will be suitable. It is important that they should be well drained so that water may pass through freely. Remove several of the bottom leaves, place the suckers in the pot fairly deep, and pot firm. If the soil is in proper condition they will not require watering till root action has commenced. Keep the pit close and hnmid for two or three weeks. Shade from bright sun until it can be seen that the roots are active. Aiter then air may be gradually increased and less shading given till the plants are inured to the sun. Durine warm congenial weather fire-heat n>ay be dis- pensed with. This may be applied to plants in all stages of growth, 32 THE GARDEN. [July 15, 1905. Strawb'Srries in Pots.— The plants intended for early forcing ahuuld be placed in their fruiting pots as soon as they are suffi neatly rooted. It ia essential that the earliest plants for forcing be well rooted, and the crowns properly ripened by the end of the season. Six-inch pots are suitable for both early and late batches. Mike sure the pots are effik^iently drained, not using too many crocks, for thi^ is a waste of valuable space. The Straw- berry enjoys a rich rooting medium, fairly heavy loam, with a quantity of well-fermented horse manure ; half-inch bones and lim? rubble will make a suitable compost. A sprinkling of soot on the crocks before potting will keep worms away. Pot flrmly, keeping the crowns a little above the surface of the soil. Place them on a bed of ashes in an exposed position where they can have full benedt of the sun all through the day ; syringe morning and Ute in the afternoon. Keep runners pinched o£f, and encourage them to make only one crown. Old Plantations from which the fruit baa been gathered should be cleared off the ground. Those intended to remain for another season must receive attention with a view to building up strong crowns for producing next year's crop. All exhausted foliage, runners, and weeds must be removed ; lightly fork between the plants, and thoroughly soak the ground, if necessary, with a hose-pipe. Later on a good application of liquid manure will do much good. Slugs have done much damage to the early fruit, and it wilt be well to go over late crops and lift the fruit off the ground, removing those which have commeoced to decay. E. Harriss. Fruit Department, Royal Gardens, Wir^or. KITCHEN GARDEN. Broccoli.— These vegetables for late autumn and early winter use must now receive due attention. Supply pricked out plants with water in dry weather, so that their growth may be maintained. Move plants which are ready into their permanent quarters. Varieties intended for cutting about Christmas and afterwards should not be planted where the soil is very rich. Long experience has taught me thai medium-sized plants are better able to withstand sharp snaps of frost than those of a larger growth. A plot of ground where exhausted Strawberries have been trenched down, or one from which early Potatoes have just been lifted, are both suitable places whereon to grow B-occoli. Make sure that no Potatoes are left in the ground, which should be lightly forked over, levelled, and m ide moderately firm before drawing out the drills. Allow plenty of apace between the rows, and also between the plants, to ensure sturdy growth. I have frequently noticed that where Broccoli plantations present a semi-starved appearance failures have seldom to be recorded, whereas the opposite has been the result with those of grosser growth. The following varieties I have found most reliible, and they will come in rotation as they are named below. Sutton's Michaelmas White and Christ- mas White are too well known to need praise. Good plantations of these two varietiea will yield abundant supplies from the end of September till the turn of the year. To succeed these Snow's Winter White and Van- guard are good reli ible sorts. A plantation of the E irly Purple Sprouting Broccoli will be found useful should a gap occur, as it is a very hardy Broccoli and can be depended upon even in very cold districts. MuLcaiNG Peas — Taese respond readily to judicious mulching, and for this purpose nothing beats the material from a spent Mushroom bed. Kan the Dutch hoe down each side of the rows to break the surface soil, and fill in cracks, give a good soaking of water, and cover with the mulching material quite 18 inches wide on each side of he rows of Pea*. After completing this process subse- quent waterincs are not likely to be required. Should mildew make its appea ance, a slight dusting of sulphur will help to check the malady. C0COMHEHS in frames are growing fast, and demand attention by way of top-dressing, stopping, &c. Let a handful or two of artificial manure be mixed with a suffi- cient quantity of good soil and applied as a top-dressing ; give the plants a thorough good soaking of water, then spread over all some well-decayed leaf-mould, which will greatly encouray;e surface root growth and prevent evapo- ration. Frequent driblets of water are unsatisfactory elements in Cucumber cultivation. J. Jeffrey. The Gardens, St. Mary's Isle, Kirkcudbright. bottom of the pot and then covering it with a few smaller pieces. When repotting, fill the pots to within half an inch of the rim with the soil ; pot moderately firm, and then finish off with a surface of living sphagnum. In this mixture the plants should never be thoroughly soaked through with water. When in full growth a light spraying overhead several times a day will be beneficial towards the promotion of strong iiealthy growth. Such Maxillarias as M. sanderiana, M. amesiana, M. prajUans, M. kimballiana, M. grandiflora, M. venusta, M. fucata, M. Hubschii, M. tenuifolia, M. Meleagris, M. luteo-alba, M. lepidota, M. Turnerii, M. elegantula, and M. dichroma will now require attention, as some of them may need larger receptacles or fresh material. The first two named species frequently thrust their flowers through the soil in a downward direction, like the Stanhopeas ; therefore Teakwood basket culture is advisable, and for the same reason no crocks should be used for drainage. Instead, place some thick, well-dried pieces of Fern rhizome acros"! the bottom rods of the basket, and over these a thin layer of rough sphagnum moss. The other varieties mentioned grow freely in a ordinary flower pot or shallow pan. Nearly all these Maxillarias, when in a thriving con- dition, make large quantities of small thin roots, and prefer a compost consisting of three parts sphagnum moss to one of peat, intermixed with plenty of small clean crocks and coarse silver sand. Maxillarias generally do best with a little more warmth, and with less water at the root than the cool Odontoglossums and MasdevalHas, but where this cannot be afforded them they may be placed at the warmest end of the Odontoglossum house, admitting lees air near them, or they may be placed in the cooler part of the intermediate house. Masdevallias need to be kept moist at the roots all the year, and during the hot summer months should be rather heavily shaded. The dwarf-growing Promenrea (Zygopetalum) citrina, P. stapelioides, and P. Rollisonii form pretty little subjects when in bloom. They succeed well in shallow pans, and in the same kind of miterial as previously advised for the Oncidiums, &c. When making their growth suspend them close to the roof glass of the cool house, and treat them exactly the same as such Odontoglossuma as 0. Rossii, &c. Promenaeis require the extra warmth of the inter- mediate house when opening their blooms. The aweet- scented Aerides japonicum, Angraecum falcatum, and Sarcochilus Fitzgeraldil and S. Hartmannii should also be grown in this house. Bar/ord Gardens, Dorking. W. H. White. ORCHIDS. In the Cool House there are several plants that require to be repotted or resurfaced at once, the more important being Oncidium concolor, O. varicosum, O. Forbesii, O. crispum, 0. pra^^extum, O. ramosum, Odontoglossum ramosissimum, and 0. pulchellum. All of these species succeed in pots placed upon the stage, but if more con- venient they may be suspended from the roof, Such Orchids as OJontoglossum Rossii, O. Cervantesii, O. (Erstedii, O. maculatum, O. cordatum, O. madrense, O. aspersum, O. humeanum, and 0. duvivierianum are all well worth growing in quantity, especially on account of their free flowering. Most of them flower during the winter months, the blooms remaining fresh for a period of from eight to ten weeks. These dwarf-growing plants can be cultivated very well in shallow pans suspended close to the roof glass of the house. All the Odontoglossuras and Oncidiums here enumerated root freely and grow thoroughly well in a compost consisting of one-half leaf soil, one-fourth good fibrous peat, and one-fourth chopped sphagnum moss, adding a moderate sprinkling of broken crocks and a little silver sand. Prior to use, the whole should be thoroughly well mixed together. Small pots are preferable to large ones, and very little drainage ia required, merely placing a large piece of crock over the hole at the 80 that it is most valuable for first crop. The pods are of medium size, and packed as close as possible with Peas ; the haulm is from 15 inches to 18 inches in height, strong, and remarkably healthy. This should be a splendid Pea for ama- teurs who have none too much room, and who do not want to find sticks or supports. It is equally as valuable to gardeners who require late and early supplies. Sown in July it is most reliable for late dishes in September ; and when so large a supply can be secured from such a small space it ia worth attention. Sown early in February we had pods ready the first week in June. This shows how early it is. G. Wythhs. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. A NEW TOMATO-CARTER'S SUNRISE. I HAVE this week seen a splendid crop of the above new Tomato, and it was so good that I am sure your readers who like this fruit will be glad to know that in Sunrise we have a great acquisition. I have plants of this variety also on trial, but owing to various circumstances I did not sow early ; even in a young state Sunrise promises to be a grand cropper. As the quality also is excel- lent this new Tomato will be much liked. I am aware there is no lack of good Tomatoes ; some are also very large, but the fruits in this variety more resemble those of Conference, and are produced in great quantity — ten to twelve on a cluster. They are perfect as regards shape ; they have a rich flavour, are just the size for salads, and also for cooking. The plant is remarkably healthy and vigorous, and though I have only seen it under pot culture, there is no doubt that it will be quite valuable when grown in beds ; it should also make a most valuable variety for outdoor culture, owing to its good habit and earliness. In the latter respect it is in advance of older varieties, when given only ordinary culture. G. Wythes. A NEW PEA-CARTER'S LITTLE MARVEL. Last February I had the above Pea sent me for trial, and few of the dwarf section have given greater satisfaction. Dwarf Peas find more favour with those who have none too much space, and Little Marvel is worth a special note for its ex- cellence, not only as a great cropper, but for its quality also. It may be described as a first early green variety, with a great deal of Marrow blood, n d the pods are produced in profusion, so much TO ANSWERS CORRESPONDENTS. RULES FOR CORRESPONDENTS. Questions and Answers.— The Editor intends to make The Garden help/ul to all readers who desire assist- ance, no matter what the branch of gardening Tnay &e, a7id with that object will make a special feature of the " Answers to Correspondents" column. All communications should be clearly and concisely written on one side of the paper only, and addressed to the Editor of The Garden 5, Southampton Street, Strand, London. Letters on busi- tiess should be sent to the Publisher. The name and address of the sender are required in addition to any designation he may desire to be used in the paper. When more than (me query is sent, each should be on a separate piece of paper. Legral Points. — We are prepared to answer questifms of law which have anything to do with the subject of gardening and forestry. The questions should be as clear and explicit as possible, so that there can be n« doubt as to the point of the question. Answers will be found in a separate column headei "Legal Points." Manuring Lawn {E. C. M.). — It would not do to use the contents of a cess-pit direct on to a tennis lawn. Bssides being very offensive, it would probably kill the grass. Your best course would be to accumulate a good heap of gritty soil frcm any sources that may be available, or, failing gritty soil, then some rough screened from the garden. When the cess-pit is emptied, open the heap in the form of a bay, put the contents of the pit into it, then cast some of the soil over it to both cover it and help absorb or dry it. Eirly in the winter have the whole turned and mixed, and if you could at the same time give the material a heavy dressing of soot great good would be done. The heap would need one or two other turnings and mixings, and then be dressed evenly and thinly over the lawn. Frost would help to dry and break it up ; then it should be well distributed with the aid of a wooden rake. It would during the winter wash in and do great good. Treatment of Potatoes (H. j. 8.). — There can be little doubt that the Potato is much benefited by moulding. The best time to do this is before the tuber is formed, at least before it has attained any size, that is when the top growth ia about 6 inches above the soil. Even in this work, which many would think of little importance, there is a certain amount of care required, not so much in burying the haulm as in drawing up soil to cover the new growth and support it. The moulding ia absolutely neces- sary in all soils. Though the soil may be heavy, it is possible by good working to make it suit- able. We know that means more labour, but it ia well repaid, and in such soil it is important to grow strong growers (not the Ashleaf section), to give more room, and in the winter months add such materials to the soil as will lighten and improve it, such as road sand, burnt soils or refuse, old mortar or spent lime, or any light miterial. Fourthly, once the tubers are "greened" that cannot be altered by moulding, and "greening" should be avoided except for Eeed purposes. July 15, 1905.] THE GAEDEN. 33 Gabdbn Makure {M.W.O.). — To have stable maQure id the best possible condition for use in either vegetable or flower garden, collect it into a heap and take out the longest straw and dry it for use again if needed. Keep the heap well mixed by turning it once a week for a month. If tending to become dry, cast water over it when the turning takes place, yet only suflBcient for the manure to absorb. So treated, the manure looses its caustic properties, and when applied to ground becomes at once a soluble plant food, sweet and healthy. For flowers it is well to apply manure more thinly than for vegetables ; indeed, old hot-beds make the best flower garden manure. Animal manures should never be applied in crude form, but if prepared as advised they are far more suitable and efficacious. EoSE Cuttings {Mrs. Clarke). — It is quite a simple matter to take Rose cuttings and to root them, and it is well worth practisiDg, for some varieties of Roses do better on their own roots than when grafted, and especially on some soils. October is a good month to insert Rose cuttings if the wood is ripe ; if not ripe then you must wait a few weeks longer. They should be made of wood of the current year's growth ; this should be moderately strong and firm ; make them about 9 inches long. Take them oS with a heel if possible, i.e., with a piece of the old wood attached ; this, however, is not essential to their rooting, although it helps them considerably. The cuttings should be put in the soil 6 inches deep. Do not remove any of the eyes, for if those above ground should die very likely one or more of those beneath the soil will grow. Insert the cuttings firmly in sandy soil on a border facing north. See The Garden for June 24, page 370, and July 1, page 398, for other informa- tion about Rose cuttings. Dahlias: How to Grow ((7. ^. T.). — The ques- tion of ho w to grow and how to stake, &o. , depends greatly upon your own desires in the matter. If you wish for blooms of a high-class character, whether intended for exhibition or otherwise, you will fiad much to do in bringing the flowers to perfection. For instance, very strong plants should have been put out quite early in .Jane either from pot-roots of last year, grown cool, or the more vigorous and recently propagated plants of this year. Plant at 5 feet asunder, and in the centre of a hole which is virtually a depression. Each position should be well prepared by trenching the soil and inserting rather deeply a month before planting time a barrowful of well-decayed manure in each yard- wide hole. The prepared surface of the latter should be 4 inches below the ordi- nary level, to permit of thorough watering and manure mulching in dry weather. Plant firmly, and place a light stake ' .,' to each plant as soon as the latter is firm ; in its position. For the time being, / excepting that you discourage any super- J fluous shoots that may appear at the base, you have nothing to do beyond stirring the soil about the plants once or twice each week. When the plants are 12 inches to 15 inches high, remove the point of the main shoot if early flowers are required, or allow the shoot to grow and flower, eventually selecting four or five other shoots for flowering. If you wish for quite high- class blooms, five main shoots to each plant of any of the show or fancy kinds will be ample. Each shoot must be tied out and staked singly, the stake placed early in position, with its pointed base not far from the plant, the top of the stake leaning in an outward direction. The shoots, tied securely to these stakes, develop short-jointed growths and firm, and these are the more reliable for providing regular and solid blooms. If you desire blooms of moderate size, you may encourage six main shoots and allow these to carry more flowers. On no account should Dahlias be bunched up besom fashion, for the shoots and the flowers will be all too puny j and weak. A few good blooms are distinctly satisfying to the amateur, and by not permitting [ the plants to run wild from the beginning a good result should follow. The side shoots may be lightly or more severely thinned, according as you wish for large or moderately large blooms. This should be early decided in all cases. The same holds good in respect to bud thinning. Generally speaking, the Cactus-flowered section produce lateral shoots or growths more numerously than the others named. But here, also, the well- exposed, well-matured shoots give the best- formed flowers. More than one exhibitor of these has trained his plants to a tall, open fence, training the branches in thinly, so that full exposure ensues. It is, indeed, due to the ^ training of the plants in this way from quite an LYCHNIS DIUENA. earlydate that muchof the ultimate success is due. The Pompons are allowed to develop a more bushy growth, and size in these is not so much the aim of the cultivator as blooms of perfectly symmetrical character. For exhibition shading and other things are necessary, and you will need also to be alive to the chief enemy of the Dahlia, viz., the earwig, which is easily entrapped by placing on each stake an inverted flower-pot with a little fine hay in the bottom. Into this the pest finds its way, and can be speedily disposed of. Lychnis diorna {A. W. O.). — This is the name of the flower you mean, and we give an illustration of it. It is common in Britain in moist, shady places, in woods, and hedge banks. The flowers are red and scentless, and open in the morning. It flowers all summer, commencing in spring. The flowers of the white Lychnis (L. vespertina) do not open until the evening, and are slightly scented. This, too, flowers through- out the summer. Small Rock Garben (/. C. J.) — In the first place you will require to select a suitable site, and a good position would be that having a westerly aspect ; if you have a choice of posi- tions, a cool dell with trees around, and where | excesses of neither drought nor sunshine abound. Nearly all the Fern tribe are »hade-loving ; so much so, indeed, that while a few species do not refuse to grow in the sunniest of craigs or crevices, yet they only develop a puny growth as compared with that developed in a more suit- able position. If, therefore, jou have it at disposal, select a bank side, tree-topped, with a western exposure. This is the ideal spot for many hardy Ferns, and, subject to suitable soil and the usually free drainage that such a position commands, the rest will be simple enough. Un- fortunately, yon have omitted to give any clue as to the natural soil of the garden, and you do not say whether it is a flat area or one of those rugged picturesque spots that render good gardening so easy. As to soil, most Ferns grow freely when planted in rich vegetable earth, leaf- mould, peat, and loam in equal parts. Peat, however, is not essential, and good loam, a little manure — always well decayed for Ferns — with leaf -soil and a little sand will suit a large number. If rocks are scarce or expensive, tree-slumps will do quite well, and in the indicated positions will be more suitable than stone. A sharp bank, sheltered, rugged, and not too impoverished by tree-roots, could be so arranged that the base may be clothed with the more moisture-loving kinds, and, if water could be had, Struthiopteris, Osmundas, and the like could be colonised in nearly or quite wet places. So far as the arrangement is concerned this must be con- trolled by the position available, but in every instance you will not err in so arranging matters that at least 18 inches of good soil exists — not absolutely made soil, but the natural soil of the position to be so dug out and intermingled with better material that there exists a rooting medium for the plants similar to that we have stated. Tree-stumps not only assist in retaining the soil of the bank ; they are by their very nature suited for association with many Ferns. You ask us to name the most suitable kinds, and here again the position, and in particular its extent, length, height, &c., will have much to do with the selection. If quite small, however, the list of kinds should include all the forms of Polypodium vulgare, also P. cambricum, the best of this group when well grown. You will also find in this same genera — i.e., Polypodium, the Oak, Beech, and Limestone Ferns. Other good things are Cystopteris montana, Lastrea montana, Polystichum lonchitis, Blechnums, Scolopen- driums in variety, many of the smaller growing Athyriums, &c. Where many small crevices abound, a large number of luch things as Asplenium Trichomanes could be introduced. Such a rockery could at any time be planted if the plants were established in pots. Otherwise the autumn or quite early in spring should be chosen. Phlox Diseased {&. B.).—We sre unable to discover any specific disease in the examples sent, nor is there any present sign of nematode worm, the tissues being quite clear — though soft — and the cells abnormally large. In these circum- stances we have come to the conclusion that the trouble is a local one — something present in or absent from the soil. The disease so-called may, in all probability, be traceable to acidity of the soil, and if this be so a small quantity of slaked lime sprinkled on the soil and lightly forked in may assist the plants. We suspect an ex- hausted condition of the soil near the plants has much to do with it ; but you say nothing about the soil or the length of time the plants have been growing in their present pcsition. We note your plants "are all more or less aflected " in the same way, and this lends colour to our belief. For the present pull away and burn all the aflected parts, and either apply a light lime dressing or water occasionally with lime-water and note the results. Young plants are rarely troubled in this way, and we advise you to root many cuttings of each variety this autumn ; dig up and bum the old stock, and make a fresh planting in a new poeition in March, 1906. 34 THE TrARDEX. [July 15, 1905. Peaches asd Nectarines Diseased (/. E. D.). Your fruit bears traces of having been frost- bitten. We think that the severe frost of May 2-2 ind 23 is responsible for the inj iry, the same as it has been in a great number of other gardens in the same counties. Keeping Pond Free from Scum (Gib ) —If the ponds are free from water snails, ktep them so. The best way to keep down the scum, which is generally troublesome till the plants get well into growth, is to get a long handle and make a skimmer of very fine wire-netting, and fasten to the end of the handle. Skim the ponds about twice weekly, afterwards throwing a heavy spray of water over the surface. I find this practice answers till the plants are of suffieient sizi to keep it clean themselves. Water snails will not keep down scam, but they injure many of the water plants. — W. J. Townsend. Daffodils Failing (R. D ) —Do we clearly understand you when you Siy hundreds are this year blind ; that is, has a flower-slem been pro- duced and failed to expand the blossom, or is it, what is most likely, simply a case of non-flower- ing ? If the latter, it may be due to two causes — poverty of the soil, or the splitting up of the breeder or mother bulbs. The varieties you name rarely suff-ar from blindness, and in the circumstances the foliage will be your best guide. If healthy, strong, and 20 inches to 2-t inches in length, we should say the bulbs would flower next season. IE thin, browa-tipped, and short in growth the bulbs are going back, for which lifting, resting, and replanting after six weeks is the best remedy. UuiUy the varieties Stella and Piinceps are vig jrous growers, and you do not say how long th^y have been in their present position. R-igardcd generally it seems a case of poverty of soil, and no mulching can now remedy the defect. The non-flowering you have this year experienced is the obvious outcome of poverty a year ago ; the flower germ for 1905 is laid, and exists in embryo practicilly with the maturing of the foliage in 1901. and, if the bulb does not contain the germ, no flowering can possibly ensue. Blight on Fruit Trees (E F. Smith) —Your fruit trees are attacked by American blight or woolly aphis (Suhizoneura lanigera). This pest should always be dealt with as soon as it is noticed. Fortunately, it always advertifes its presence by the tufts of white wool-like substance with which the insect surrounds itself. The best thing to do is to scrub the affected parts of the boughs, ka. , with a stiff brush dipped in a strong solution of paraffin emulsion, or some other insecticide containing piraffi i and soft soap, making sure that the solution gets into all the inequalities of the bark. Where this is impo=sible, the trees should be sprayed or syringed with the paraffin emulsion now, and, after the leaves are fallen, with a caustic alkali solution. When small tufts are seen on young shoots, if the spit be "dabbed " ■with a camel's hair brush dipped in methylated spirit or turpentine this will kill the insects. — G. S. S. .Vine Decaying {E. M. B.). — The fasciated growth (or puckering as you term it) in the Vine foliage is very unusual, and is the result, we think, of some derargement of the sap vessels of the young rod in question, causing obstruction to the circulation of the sap ; we can trace no disease or insects on the foliage. Regarding the failure of this one, whilst the others are so strong and vigorous, it is difficult to say what the cause may have been without seeing the Vine. Bat in similar cases which have come b>-fore us we have invariably found the cause to be an accidental twisting of the rod while pruning at or near its junction with the main stem, or in twisting the rods backwards and forwards whilst the roof of the greeuhoui'e is being washed, and that without the knowledge of the pruner. Sometimes the Vine weevil is responsible, piercing holes through the stem, as it sometimes does, unobserved. In either case the tissues of the wood are ruptured. We would not out the rod off just now or the Vine might be injured by serious bleeding, but would rub off all young shoots, leaving the rod quite bare for a month or five weeks, when it may be cut off' without danger of bleeding. Should there be a young shoot available somewhere near the base of the one to be cut away it should be encouraged to grow to take its place. In any case there will be no difficulty in obtaining one next year. Catekpillar (C E. i?'.).—Tue so-called cater- pillar that you found feeding on the leaves of the Paper Birch is the grub of one of the saw flies. I am sorry to sav that, owing to the insect having escaped when I opened the box again to examine it more carefully, I am unable to give you its generic and specific names, but, if you wish to know them and will kindly send up other specimens, I will be mora cireful with them. — G. S. S. Brown Insects on Rose Buds (ifeta). — The brown insects which you found on the R ise bud are the dead bodies of the common green fli, which hive been attacked by one of the small parasitic ichneumon flies belonging to the family Chaloid;e. These flies lay their eggs in the bodies of the green flies, generally only one in eaco. The grubs when hatched feed on the contents of the bodies of their victims. This action of the parasite causes the body of the aphis to b come globular in form, the insect eventually dies, and when the parasite has under- gone its transformations it cuts a f mill circular hole in the skin of its host and emerges as a perfect ichneumon fly. These brown inflated bodies should never be destroyed, for if it was not for these and various other insects, which prey upon the aphides, the latter would be far more abundant even than they are now. — G. S. S. Black Slugs {Lima) —The large black slugs (Arion ater) are very destructive in gardens, and no doubt the large brown ones are also, unless they happen to be specimens of the snail slug (Teataoella haliotoidea). These slugs are decidedly beneficial in gardens, as they feed on worms, small insects, &c. From jour letter it is im- possible to say whether the brown slugs you find are this species or not, but you can easily determine this by examining one. The snail slug is the only slug which has a visible shell ; it is a small brown one at the end of the creature's tail about four-tenths of an inch in length, and somewhat ear-shaped. The shells of all the other slugs are internal and placed much nearer the head, so that you cannot possibly make a mistake as to which kind it is. — G. S. S. ■» • t- Names of Plants. —IT. Batdu'lor. — Va.ftna sylvatica hererophylli ; 2, Craticjua tanacelifulia. P. Uornbii.— Spirwi chamsedrifclia. M. L /).— Most of the true Acacias are natives of Australia, and none of them are hardy in tliis country unless in especially favoured dis- tricts. The enclosed specimen is what is known as the False Acacia (Rohinia Pseudacacia), a native of the eastern portion of the United Stales of .America. It furms a decidedly haodsome and very distinct tree, which is less affected by draught in the summer than many other trees are. There are several varieties of this, one — decaisne- ana— having pinkish blossoms, while semperflorens flower* more or less continuously throughout the summer. In habit and foliage characters, ton, many varieties differ widely. — IT. S. ff.— These should have been in flower. 1, Crat.-ejus Oxycantha laciuiata ; 2, C. pyrifolia ; 3, C. Crus-galli; 4, C. coccinea; 5, Deutzii scabra. F. Bates. —V' is quite impossible to name from such specimens as received, the petals of the singles had all fallen, and the doubles were shrivelled up. Thtyshou'd have had a little wet wadding round the ends of the stem and a good leaf with each. Even when received in good condition it is almost impossible to name flurista' flowers correctly. Mrs. C(j/i;<«H.— Sysyrinchium striatum Penwarnr.— Tbe grassy plant wich berries is Ophiopogon japunicns (Flneggia jiponica); the creeper is Vitis striata. S'ijoumer.~l, Iris er.^minea; 2. I. sihirica ililrig.— Gcum rivale. F. i/ouWi.— Itaphiolepis ovata. Short replies —5. C. S.— We are unable to name the Carnation from the specimen sent. It appears to be of quite ordinary mcit, the calyx being badly split, and we could detect not the least fragrance. By its profuse fl.iwering it would appear to be a tree or perpetual-flowering variety. There are now so many very fl'ie varieties in this section whose petals are held intact by the calyx that we would not feel inclined to retain the variety in question. LEGAL POINTS, Transfer of Leasehold Property {Per- plf.ved Ttnanl). — If a lease contains a covenant agiinst assigning without the consent of the li-esor, his consent in writing should always be obtained before an assignment takes place, other- wise the lessor may become entitled to forfeit the lease. Barbed Wire Fence (Injartd) — The Birbed Wire Act, 189.3 provides that the local authority may by not less than one month and more than six months notice in writing to the occupier of any land adjoining a highway upm which there is a fence made with barbed wire (i e , wire with spikes or jigged projection'), which may probably be injurious to persons or animals law- fully using the highwaj', require such occupier to abate the nuisance caused liy such fence. In dif lult, the local authority may obtain an order from a Court of Summary Jurisdiction direciiog the abatement of the nuisance. If such order is not complied with, the local authority may abate the nuieanoe at the occupier's expense. li the local authority are themselves the offenders, proceedings may be taken by a ratepayer. Water Rate : Hose for Watering Garden (Noi'ict) — Your liability to pay an extra water rate if you use 2 yards of india-rubber hose con- nected with the kitchen tap for the purpose of watering your garden depends upon the terma of the special Act by virtue of which the water is supplied in the district in which you live. The special Acts of some companies provide that a supply of water for domestic purposes shall not include a supply [ititer alia) *' for watering gardens by means of any tap, tube, pipe, or other such-like appiratus." Thedemind notes issued by water companies usually contain extracts from their special Acts showing what they are entitled to charge as "extras." If you cannot satisfy yourself as to the company's rights by an inspection of the demand note, you had better go to the offices of the corporation or company and infpect the special Act, or probably you cao see a copy at the free library. Architects (S. L. H.).—\n the absence of special arrangement an architect is paid by com- mission on the cost of the work executed, the rate being 5 per cent , which covers the prepiratioQ of the plans and all attendances for inspection, measurement, certificates for the builder, &o. The architect is also entitled to his travelling expenses. If plans are prppired, but not used, the customary charge is 2^ per cent, upon the estimated cost of the work. Most building contracts provide that the architect shall be at liberty to order extras, and if the employer wishes to limit the powers of the architect in this respect, be should be can ful to make an agree- ment with him to that effect before the com- mencement of the work ; indeed, it is always desirable that there should be a written agree- ment. A letter is sufficient if it clearly sets out the terms of the architect's employment. Usually, it is the duty of the architect to prepire the plans and spcificalious and to issue the invita- tions for tenders. In the country the bills of quantities, i.e., the documents which describe in detail the amount of labour and material required, are usually prepared by the architect, who receives an additional percentage for this work. In the metropolis the bills of quantities are pre- pared by quantity surveyors, who receive 2J per cent, on the cost of the work for their rtniuiiera- tion. Building contracts usually provide that the builder shall be paid on the architect's certificite as to the progress of the works. If the giving of the certificate is made a condition precedent to payment, the builder cannot obtain payment until the certificate has been given, but if it is fraudulently withheld the builder may sue the employer for the amount which he alleges to be due, and also sue the architect for damages. July 15, 1903.] THE GAIIDEN. 35 Fox-hunting {Farmer) — Persons hunting for their own amusement and going over lands of another are trespassers, and lox-hunters, like all other huDtirs, may be warned oflf. The master of hounds a id huntsmen are liable for the damage occasioned by acts of trespass .jn the part of parsons following the hounds, unless they have distinctly desired them not to goon the plaintiff V lands, it is an invasion of property to ride over the land of another wiihout his permission, and the owner may consequently sue for damages, although he may have sustained none. Head Gardener (Xotice). — In the absence of a special agreement a head gardener is entitled to a calendar month's notice, ie. , a month of thirty days, or a month's wages in lieu of notice. Under gardeners engaged by the week and paid by the week can be dismissed by a week's notice. The death of the master puts an end t3 the contract of service. A domestic servant on the death of the master is entitled to the wages earned by him down to the date of the master's death. It is, however, usual to pay a domestic servant a month's wages as from the date of the death. SOCIETIES. NATIOITAL EOSE SOCIETY'S SHOW. The anuual exhibition of this society, heM in the Royal Bjtanic Ginlein, Ree;enL'8 Park, on the 6:.h inat., was a moat de-ightful luuction, favoured by perfect wtather, a large attendance, and an excellent display of Ro^es. The 8how was honoured by a visit from Her Majesty the Qjcen, and this, no doubt, had a good deal to do with the attendance of so large and fashionable a gatheiina:. Full particulars of the exhibits will be found btlow. Mention, however, must be made of the magnificent bloom of J. B. Clark (new), shown by Mr. Hugh Djckson, B Ifast, which gained the silver medal for the best Hybrid Tea (nursery- men), and of the splendid exhibit of eighteen blooms of A. K Williams, from Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester. One of these gained the silver medal for the best Hybrid Perpetual (nui-serymen), and the other blooms were almost as good. The success of this more or less experimental show in the Botanic Oardena must have been very gratifying to the president ihers ; ■econd, Mr. Oharles Turner, Slough, with Horace Vernet, Comtesse de Nadaillac, and EUe'i Drew among the best ; third, Mesars. G. and ^V. Buroli, Peterborough. There were Hwj more oompetlton. Tea and Noisette Section. Twenty -four blooms, distinct: First, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Braiswick Nursery, Colchester, with some beauti- ful flowers. Ernest Metz, B.idesmaid, White Maman Cochet, Cumtesse de Nadaillac, and E hel Brownlee were peifect. Second, Messrs. Benjamin R. Cact and Suns, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, with very good Mme. Cusin, Souvenir de Pierre Nottiug, Maman Cochet, and others; third, Messfs. D. Prior and Sou, Colchester. Twelve blooms, distinct: First, Mr. John Mattock. New Hi^adingtori, Oxford, Biidesmaid, Cumtesse de Nadaillac, Maman Cochet, and Mrs. Mawley being his best ; second, Messrs. J. Burrell and Co., Cambridge ; third, Mr. Charles Tmner, Slough. Fourteen distinct, three blooms of each : First, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Br-iiswick Nursery, Colchester, with splendid Mme. Cuaiii, Mrs. E. Mawley, Mme. de Watteville, Citheriue Mermet, and others ; second, Messrs. D. Piior and Sun, Colchester, Mme. Huste, Medea, and Mme. Cusin being good ; third, Mr. G. Prince, Longworth, Berks. Twelve distinct varieties, seven blooms of each : First, Messrs, Dickson and Suns, Newtownards, Coutity Down, with splendid flowers, somewhtt damaged. Frau Karl Druschki, Mrs. David McKee (pritnrose-yelluw), Mis. Grant, and Mildred G -ant were the best. Second, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Braiswick Nursery, Colcheater, Mme. Cusin being finely shown ; third, Mr. George Mount, Canterbury. Nine distinct Teas and Noisettes, seven blooms of each : First, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Colch s er, Mme. Cusin, Maman Cochet, Mis. Mawley, and White Maman Cochet being excellent; second, Mr. G. Prince, Long- worth, Berks ; third, Mr. G. Mount, Canterbury, Decorative Roses. Thirty-six distinct varieties : Fust, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Braiiwick Nursery, Colchester, with some splendid bunches of QardenR ises. Iiish Glory, GuitaveRegis, Alberic Barbier, Qiieen Mab, Corallina, Marquise de Salisbury, Liberty, and others made a brilliant show ; second, Mr. John Mattock, New Headington, Oxford, Lady Bittersea, Mme. Kavary, Sulphurea, and Ru'iy Queen beiiu; of the best ; third, Messrs. Paul atid Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt. Eighteen distinct varieties: First, Mr. George Prince, LooKWorth, Barks, with Mme. A. Chatenay, Marquise de Salisbury, Oil Pink Moss, and Papi Gontier among the oest ; second, Mr. Charles Turner, Slough. Eighteen distinct varieties of 8ummer-9owering Roses ; First, Mr. Charles Turner, Slough. Old Red Damask, Old Tuscany, Crested Moss, and Flora Mclvor being beautiful ; second, Messrs. Cooling and Sou, B^th. Eleven distinct vurieties, not less than three sprays of each (to be staged in vases to show decorative value) : First, Messrs. Cooling and Son, B ith, the Rise Helene neing very beautiful ; second, Mr. J, Mattock, New Headington, Ox/?id ; third, Mr. George Mount. GR0DP3 OP Roses. Group of cut Roses on the floor : First, Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt, with a very eflfective display, in which pillars of Crimson Rambler, Blush RimbUr, Henderson!, and others were arranged between baskets and bowls and vases of cut blooms of many beautiful sorts. Of the latter Mrs. W. J. Grant, Lady Battersea, Mme. Jules Grolez, General Jacqueminot, and Dandy (new) were very good. Mr. Charles Turner, Slough, was second; and Mr. 6. Mount, Canterbury, third. Group of Rose^i on staging (100 square feet space) : First, Messrs. George Jackmun and Sons, Woking, with a hand- some display, many varieties of garden Roses being freely and effectively arranged in vases ; second, Mr. George Mount, C-tnterbury ; third, Messrs. W. Spooner and Sun, Arthur's Bridge Nursery, Wukiug. Open Classes.— General Section. Twelve blooms of certain Hybrid Teas, distinct : First, Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons, Newtownards, Killarney, Liberty, Countess of Derby, and Mildred Grant being the best; second, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Colcheater; third, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Colchester. Eighteen blooms of any white or yellow Rose, shown in a Bimboo tripod were very effective. The first prize was won by Messrs. Frank Caot and Co., Braiswick Nursery, Colchester, with excellent flowers of White Maman Cochet ; second, Messrs. Dickson and Son, New- townards, with Fiau Kail Druschki; third, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Colchester. Eighteen blooms of any Roae other than white or yellow, to be shown in Bimboo tripod. The exhibits in these classes made an extremely pretty feature, the dark green baize behind showing off the blooms to the best advantage. The first prize stand was shown by Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sniis, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, the variety being A. K. Williams. This was generally admitted to be the most perfect lot of one variety in the ehow and one of the best ever seen. One of the blooms received the silver medal as the best Hjbiid Perpetual in the show ; second, Mp^sis. A. Dickson and Sons. Newcownards, who showed Mre. W. J. Gr-ant; third, The King's Acre Nurseries, Limited, Hereford, with A. K. Williams. Nine blooms of any new Rose: First, Mr. Hugh Dickson. Belfast, with very fine blooms of J. B. Ciaik; second, Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons, Newtownards, with Dean Hole; thiid, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Colchester, wiTh Alice Lindsell. Twelve blooms, distinct varieties, of new Roses : First, Messrs. Dickson and S ms, Newtownard^, County Down, with a lovely stand. The varieties wpre Alice Lindsell, Lady Ashtown, Countess of Derby, Mme. Paul Olivier, Gnstave Grunerwald, Counters Annealey, Mrs. D-ivid McKee. Dr. J. Campbell Hill. William Notting, Pha'isaer, Dd&ii Holei and Florence Pcmbertou. Second, Messis. Hugh Dickson, Royal Nurseries, Belfast, Hagh Dlokioo and J. £. Clarke being two of the best. Dacorativb Classes. Arch, decorated with long sprays of not more than two varieties of climbing Ruses : First, Mr. Charles Turner, Slough, who appropriately used Turner's Crimaon Rambler aiMi Aim^e Vibert ; second, Mr. G. Prince, Longworth, Btrka. Nine distinct varieties of buttonhole Roses : Firat, Mr. G. Piince, Lungworth, Barks. Beryl, Lady Bittersea, Ma Cdpucine, and Papa Gontier were included. Second, Mr. John Mattock, New Headington, Oxford ; third, Messrs, Frank Cant and Co., Colchester. Twelve varieties of single-flowered Rosea : First, Messrs. Cooling and Sons, Bath, Himalaica, Cooling's Crimson Bidder, and Aud^-rsoni being included ; second, Measra. Paul and Son, Cheshunt; third, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. Amateurs, The champion clasa, for thirty-six blooms, dlatlnct varie- ties, was represented by three exhibits only, Mr. E. B. Liudsell, Bearton, Hitchln, being well ahead with a very bright and beautiful series of flowers. There was a superb bloom of Ulster, and other good blooms were Victor Hugo, Muriel Grahame, Mrs. John Laing, Ulrich Biunner, Killarney, Cumtesse de Nadaillac, Lady Mo>ra Beauclerc, F. Michelon, A. K. Williams, and Charles Lefebvre. The Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Haveriug-atoe- B twer, Essex, was placed second ; and Mr. W. Bo3 es, 30, Duffleld Road, Derby, third. Four entrants in the class for twenty-four blooma, dis- tinct varieties, made a capital display. In this instancd the Rev. J. H. Pemberton was placed in the premier position with a capital lot of flowers. His blooms ot . Ilurace Vernet, Ben Cant, Fracgjis Michelon, A. K. Williams, Mrs. Sliarman Crawford, and Marie Baumann were all good. Mr. E. B. Lindsell was a close second, his blooms of A. K. Williams and Ulrich Brunner being espe- cially good. Mr. A. Tate, Downside, Leatherhead, was placed third. There were but two entries in the class for twelve trebles. Mr. E. B. Lindsell was flrat with a good lot of blooms ; Ulrich Brunner, Charles Lefebvre, S. M. Rodoca- nachi. Piince Arthur, and Mrs. John Laing were the best. The Rev. J. H. Pemberton was placed second with a fresh lot of flowers. For nine blooms of any Rose except Tea or Noisette, to be shown in a Bamboo tripod, there were only two com- petitors. Mr. A. Hill Gray, Beaulieu, Newbridcre, Bath, was first with Frau Karl Druschki. Mr. W. Boyes was second with smaller, though prettier, blooms of the same variety. The class for twenty-four blooms, distinct, was a popular one. Mr. T. B. Gabriel, Hart Hill, St. John's, Woking, was first out of five competitors, Ulrich Brunner, Muriel GrahamH, L^dy Moyra Beauclerc, and Dr. Andr6 being good. Tne second prize was won by Mr. A. Slaughter, Jarvia Villa, Steyning, Sussex ; third, Mr. Edward Mawley, Rosebank, Berkhamstead. The dinner of the foregoing class secured the Challenge Cup offered by Captain Christy. The four competitors in the class for eight distinct trebles made a charming display. First prize was won by Mrs. B. Fortescue, Dropmore, with a pretty series; Mr. A. Slaughter was a good second ; third, Mr. W. Colin Romaine, The Priory, Old Wiudsor. In the class for seven blooms of any Rose, except Tea or Noisette, to be shown in a single vase, small Imt fresh Howera of Mrs. Edward Mawley placed Mr. W. Colin Romaine first ; Mr. C. C. Williamson, Wilstead, Ethelbert Road, CiDterhury, was second, with Frau Karl Druschki; and Mr. R. E. West, Firth Dene, Wray Park, Reigate, third. There were four competitors. Twelve blooms, distinct : Out of nine competitora the first prize was won by Mr. W. Kingston, 52, Waterloo Road, Bedford. A. K. Williams, Frau Karl Druschki, Her Majesty, and others were excellent. Miss B. H. Langton was second ; third. Rev. J. B. Shackle, Dropmore Vicarage. Six exhibitors in the class for five blooms of any Rose except Tea and Noisette were forthcoming. First, the Rev. J B. Shackle with Frau Karl Druschki ; second, Mr. C. F. H. Leslie, Epcombs, Hercingfordbury ; third, Mr. E. Mncatta, Woburn Palace, Addlestone. No less than eighteen boxes were set up in the class for nine blooms, distinct varieties, and these made a charming display. The premier position was secured by Mr. R. W. Bowyer, Hertford Heath, Hertford, with a really suoerb exhibit. A. K. Williams, Jeanne Buatois, Mrs. John Laing, White Maman Cochet, and Mr?. W. J Grant were his best blouma ; second, Dr. T. E. Pallett, Eien House, Bill's Colne, Essex; third, Dr. C. Lamplough, Kirkstall, Alverstoke, Gusport. The ten exhibits in the class f )r six blooms, distinct, made a brave show. The first prize was won by Mr. A. C. Turner, Tatton, E Igware. His blooms were very fine. Mr. F. J. HiiTisoo, Ro^^edene, Ulverston, Lanes, was placed second, and Mr. E. P. Sugden, H^refleld, Winch- more Hill, N., third. A vase of five blooms, any Roa?, except Tea or Noisette; Oiit of eight exhibits, some veiy good Mildred Grant secured first prize for Mr. Courtenay Page, Eirl&down, Ridgeway, Eufteld. Dr. Lamplough wac second with the same variety. No less than fourteen boxes of blooms were exhibited in the class fur six blooms, distinct, fortheBsn Cant Memorial Prize (a piece of plate) value five guineas. Mr. W. R. Hammond, Grovelauds, Burgess Hill, was placed firat with a pretty set ; Ben Cant and Gustave Piganeau were his best flowers; second, Mr. H. Williams, Willow Cottage, North Finchley. The president's cup, value Ave guineas, for twelve blooms, distinct, was won by Mr. C. F H. Leslie with 9 36 THE GARDEN. [Jtn,Y 15, 1905, first class lot of blooms, Mrs. Edward Mawley, Ulster, Mildred Grant, and Helen Keller were very gond ; second, Mr. Geori?e Moules, Hltchin, Herts ; third. Mm. Times, Bedford Koad, Hltchin. Eight boxes were set up in the class for four trebles ; first, Mr. J. Wakelev, Moor Street House, Rainham, with fair blooms of White Maman Cuchet. Bessie Brown, Ac. ; second, Mr. E. R. Smith, Muswell Hill, N. ; third, Mr, G. A. Hammond, Cambrian Huuae, Burgess Hill. Mr. JR. F. Hobbs, Thornloe, Worcester, was the only exhibitor in the class for twenty-four blooms, distinct, winning first prize. Eight boxes were set up in the class for twelve blooms, distinct, open to &11 amateurs. In this instance Mr. R. F. Hobbs was placed fliat, having in good form Gustave Piganeau, Mildred Grant, Chas. Lefebvre, Her Majesty, and A. K. Williams. This exhibit won the silver cup. value j£5, presented by Messrs. R. Harkness and Co. ; second, Mr. A. Tate ; and the third prize was secured by Mr. £. B. Lindsell. Six blooms, distinct. There were nine competitors, leading honours falling to Mr. E. B. Lehmann ; second, Mr. L. Collett, Nantwich; third, Mr. A. E. Clark, The H^irat, Mottingham, Kent. Kor six blooms in not less than four varieties, open to those who have never won a first prize at the National it 'se Society's shows, Mri. Beville Fortescue, Drupniore, Maidenhead, was first out of thirteen competitors (X;ivier Olibo and Airs. E. Mawley were beautiful blooms); Mr. £. F. Lambe, Sheddington House, Burgess Hill, was second ; and Mr. F. J. Nightingale, Sutton, Surrey, third. Fourteen compeiitors were forthcoming in the class for six blooms, distinct, open to those who have joined the society since last year's show. A piece of plate, value two guineas, presented by the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, was the first prize, and this was won by Mr. H. Robins, Ponders Margeitlng, Essex. The challenge cup, value ten guineas, presented by Mr. E. R. Smith, was contested for by six exhibitors. This was for six blooms, distinct, grown within eight miles of Charing Cross. First prize was well won by Mr. W G. Adcock, The Briars, Torrington Park, North Finchley (Horace Vertiet, Beauty of Walthara, Mildred Grant, S. M. Hodocanachi, and Captain Haywood were splendid); Miss B. H. Langlon wa^ second ; and Mr. W. E. Martin, 1, Alexandra Giove, North Finchley, third. For six new Roses, distinct, there were seven entries. The Rev. J. H. Pemberton was first ; Mr. R. F. Hobbs, second ; and Mr. D. L. Frieland, third. Decoration of cut Ruses for dinner table : First, Mrs. ©. G. Orpen, Hillside, West Bergholt, Colchester, who made a charming decoration with a large single white Kose, its own greenery and Maidenhair Fern, quite a simple but very effective arrangement ; second. Miss M. M. West, Rydal, Grange Road, Sutton, Surrey ; third, Mrs. F. Brewster, 12, St. Peter, Canterbury. Six vases of cut Roses (ladies only) : First, Mrs. M. V. Charrington, The Warren, Hevtr, Kent. Mrs. 0. G. Orpen ■bowed the best bowl of Roses, making a delightful exhibit with the climbing damask variety called Mrs. O. G. Orpen (pink); second, Mrs. F. H. Cook, Biret, Col- chester; third, Mrs. H. E. Molyneux, Riddlesdown Road, Purley. Miss Turner, Tatton, Edgware, was first for a ■vase of cut Roses, using La Fiance; second. Miss A. F. Harwood, St. Peter's Road, Colchester; third, Mrs. H. E. Molyneux. Mrs. O. G. Orpen was again first for a basket of cut Roses. For six distinct varieties of Teas, Mr. A. Hill Gray, Beaulieu, Bath, was first with excellent blooms ; second, Miss Langton, Hendon. Mr. E. R. Smith, Muswell Hill, won first prize for five distinct varieties, five blooms of each. Mildred Grant was very good. For nine distinct varieties, five blooms of each, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton was first, Frau Karl Druschki and A. K. Williams being two splendid vases ; Miss Langton was second. Mi-. 0. G. Orpen was first for six vases of garden Roses, distinct, and for six buttonhole Roses; Lady Sutton won for five wichuraiana Rodes ; Mr. A. C. Turuer, E Jgware.Ihad the best five varieties of garden Roses. Eighteen distinct varieties: First, A. Tate, Esq., Downside, Leatherhead, with a beautiful lot; second, the Kcv. J. H. Pemberton, Havering-atte-B iwer, Essex. Twelve distinct varieties : First, Mias Langton, Ray- dead, Hendon, with very good bunches; second, Mr. O. G. Orpen, the climbing pink damask Mrs. O. G. Orpen being very beautiful. Mr. A. C. Turner, Tatton, Edgware, was first for six distinct varieties ; and Lady Sutton, Kewbury, won for six vases of Sweet Briar Roses. TEAS AND Noisettes (Amateurs). The challenge trophy for eighteen Tea and Noisette Boses was contested for by two exhibitors only. Mr. A. Hill Gray was disqualified for exhibiting seventeen varie- ties only, the first prize, as a consequence, being awarded to the Rev. F. R. Burnside, Great Stanhope Rectory, Roch- ford, Essex. In this stand a bloom of White Maman Cochet won the silver medal for the best Tea Rose exhibited by an amateur. Comtesse de Nadaillac, Maman Cochet, and Boule d'Or were beautiful blooms also. Fur twelve blooms, distinct, there were three com- petitors, the Rev. F. R. Burnside being placed first with ralhersmall blooms; second, Mr. A. Tate. Mr. A. Hill Gray was again disqualified, in this case having eleven kinds only. Eight trebles were represented by two entries only, Mr. A. Hill Gray beina: an easy first; the Rev. F. R. Burnside was placed second. ^ In the class tor seven blooms of one variety shown in a ■vase, the Rev. F. R Burnside was first out of five com- petitors, showing White M iman Cochet splendidly : •econd, Mr. 0. G. Orpen ; third, Mr. A. Hill Gray. For twelve bloomi, distinct, there were four entries. Mr. R. F. Hobbs was placed first; second, Mr. T. B. Gabriel ; third, Mr. J. Wakeley. In the class for five blooms of one variety, Mr. J. Wakeley was first with good White Maman Cochet, and Mr. G. A. Hammond second. The Prince Memorial prize was contested for by six boxes of good blooms: First, Mr. W. Leggett ; second, Dr. T. E. Pallett; third, Mr. W. R. Hammond. The class for six blooms, distinct, brought six exhibits : First, the Rev. J. B. Shackle ; second, Mr. R. W. Bowyer, Hertford Heath, Hertford ; third, Mr. A. C. Turner. No less than nine competed in the class for five blooms of one variety shown in a vase. Mr. H. Rollins was a good first with White Maman Guchet ; second, Dr. C. Lamp- lough ; third, Mr. A. C. Turner, with Maman Cochet. For six blooms distinct, Mr. C. C. Tunks, Lynton, The Drive, Sidcup, Kent, was a good fii-st ; second, Mr. W. L. West, Sutton, Surrey ; third, Mr. John Bateman. This class was limited to growers of less than 100 plants. In the class for four trebles there were five competitors. Dr. T. E. Pallett leading ; Mr. J. Wakeley was a good second ; third, Mr. A. Slaughter. Ten boxes were staged in the class for six blooms In not less than three varieties. Mr. W. Leggett was first. Non-competitive. Messrs. James Green and Nephew, 107, Queen Victoria Street, E.C., exhibited an excellent selection of their Munstead Flower Glasses, which are, perhaps, unsurpassed for the effective arrangement of flowers. Tliey are made in various shapes and sizes, and are of simple design. It i3 probably owing to the latter fact that they prove so useful and effective. Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Rothesay, and Messrs. Jones and Sons, Shrewsbury, exhibited some beautiful Sweet Peas ; Messrs. Barr and Sons, Covent Garden, showed a brilliant group of hardy flowers ; Mr. Howard H. Crane, Woodview Terrace, Archway Road, Highgate, N., sent some charming A'^iolettas ; Mr. J. Pinches, Crown Street, S.E., showed Acme Labels ; Mr. G. H. Sage, Manor Road, Richmond, showtd the Bruce Flower Displayers ; and Messrs. Champion, City Road, exhibited tubs for shrubs. New Seedling Roses. The Barham Cup for twelve vases of new seedling Roses, cr distinct sports, in not less than six varieties, raised in the British Isles, was won by Messrs. Alex. Dickson and Sons, Limited, Newtownards, County Down. Their new Roses included the two gold medal varieties (Betty and Mrs. Myles Kennedy) and several other promising ones. Among them we were especially pleased with Grace Molyneux (Tea), a charming flower, full, of pale salmon- pink colouring, fading to a paler tint in the outer petals ; Mrs. Blair, a roundish flower, primrose yellow, fading to palest yellow outside ; Harry Kiik, a flower of good form, borne on strong stems, apricot coloured in the centre, the outer petals lighter. All are scented. A gold medal was awarded to each of the following Roses, both shown by Messrs. Alex. Dickson and Sons, Limited, Newtownards : Betty.— A. large Tea Rose of somewhat loose form, very vigorous, blush, tinged with buff in the centre, and with rose outside. Fragrant. Mrs. Myles-Kennedy.^k large and attractive flower of good form, palest blush, tinged with a deeper shade in the centre. Fragrant. An award of merit was given to the Rambler Mrs. F. W. Flight, shown by Messrs. William Cutbush and Son, Highgate. The flowers, which are so freely produced as to be closely packed on the shoots, are very bright rose, fading to light pink with age. Silver Medal Blooms— Nurserymen. Hybrid Perpetual.— A. K. Williams, from Messrs. B. B. Cant and Sons, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester. Hybrid Tea.—J. B. Clark, from Mr. Hugh Dickson, Royal Nurseries, Belfast- Tea.— White Maman Cochet, from Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Braiswick Nursery, Colchester. Amateurs. Hybrid Perpetual.— V later, from Mr. £. B. Lindsell, Hitchin, Herts. Hybrid Tea. —Bessie Brown, from Mr. A. Tate, Down- side, Leatherhead. Ti-'a.— White Maman Cochet, from the Rev. F. R. Burnside, Great Stanhope Rtctory, Rjchford, Essex. CROYDON FLOWER SHOW. This was held on the 5th inst. in the grounds of Haling Park. Although the competition in some classes was not keen, especially among the Roses, on the whole there was a very good display. Roses. Messrs. D. Prior and Son, Colchester, were first for forty-eight Roses, distinct; twenty-four distinct (three blooms of each) ; eighteen Tea or Noisette, distinct; and twelve Tea or Noisette, one variety. They had many excellent blooms in these first prize exhibits, a silver-gilt medal being awarded. These classes were poorly contested. Mr. John R. Bux, West Wickham, was first for twenty- four Roses, distinct. The first prize for thirty-six Rosea, distinct (amateurs), was won by A. Tate, Esq., Leatherhead (gardener, Mr. Mease), with some very good blooms. The silver medal Hybrid Tea (Bessie Brown) was in this exhibit. Mrs. Haywood, Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate (gardener, Mr. Salter), was a good second. Mis. Haywood was first for twenty-four Roses, distinct, this stand containing a silver medal bloom of Mrs. J. Laing. Mr. W. Burdfield, Denue Gardens, Hor&ham, was second. For eighteen Teas or NUsettei M.. Burdfield was flnt. and Mrs. Haywood was again successful in the class for six Roses, distinct, three blooms of each, Mr. Burdfield belnz second. * Mr. Burdfield won first prize for twelve Roses, on» variety, with excellent Ulrich Brunner, Mrs. Haywood being second with Caroline Testout. Mr. Burdfield wa» first for twelve Teas or Noisettes, distinct, and four Roses, distinct, three blooms of each ; and Mr. E. M. Preston! Shirley, won first prize for six Roses, distinct. For six Hybrid Perpetual Roses Mr. H. E. Molyneux, Brantwood, Riddlesdown Road, Purley, won first prize- with very good blooms, Louis Richard (new), velvety crimson, being included. Mr. Molyneux was also first for six Tea or Noisette blooms, distinct. Mr. E. M. Preston was first for twelve Roses, distinct, his stand containing a silver medal bloom of Frau Karl Druschki. Hardy Flowers. For twelve bunches of hardy cut flowers Mr. A. J. Peek,. gardener to Miss Jackson, Duppas Hill Terrace, won flrafr prize with a bold vaseful. The Sweet Peas made a pretty show, the first prize for twenty-four bunches being won by Mr. Lintott, gardener to Walpole Greenwell, Esq., Mardon Park, with an excel- lent lot of flowers boldly staged ; Mr. G. Davidson, Elm Lodge, Quidrant Road, was second. The best twelve bunches of Sweet Peas were shown by Mr. Collins, gardener to Alderman Barron, Park Hill Road. Some very good blooms were shown. Mr. Davidson was first for sir bunches. The most tastefully arranged dinner-table decoration. was shown by Miss N. Robinson, Hilltop, Purley ; pale mauve and pink Sweet Peas with light greenery were used. Mrs. A. Rubinson, Stafford Road, Waliington, was second, using Shirley Poppies and Maidenhair Fern. Stove and greenhouse flowers in twenty-four distinck sorts were finely shown by Mr. C. J. Salter, Woodhatcb Lodge Gardens, Reigate, winning first prize. Plants. The first prize for a collection of Gloxinias was won by Mr. T. Padley, gardener to F. W. G. Radford, Esq., Soutli Park Hill Road, with splendid plants tastefully arranged. Mr. E. Ptxted, gardener to S. Taylor, Esq., Haling Park Road, was first for a group of Begonias ; and for a group- of table plants Mr. C. Lane, gardener to E. H. Coles, Esq., Burntwood, Caterham, was first. The fii St prize for a small group of plants was won by- Mr. C. Brooks, gardener to D. C. G. Reid, Esq., Brigstock. House, Thornton Heath ; and Mr. A. Burdt- tt, gardener to E C. P. Hull, Esq., Earlswood Mount, Redhill, was first for a large group with a pretty arrangement of well- coloured plants. Fruit and Vegetables. For fifty Strawberries (one variety) Mr. W. Lintott won first prize ; Mr. Charles Blurton, The Gardens, Kingawood Warren, Epsom, had the best Melon ; and Mr. Lintott was- first for a collection of six dishes with very good fruit. The first prize for a collection of salad went to Mr. Collins, gardener to Mr. Alderman Bjirron. Some excellent Grapes were shown. Mr. W. Lintott being- first for Foster's Seedling, and Mr. W. Mancey, gardener to A. Benson, Esq., Upper Qalton, Merslham, first for Black Hamburgh. Non-competitive Exhibits. These comprised Sweet Peas in many lovely sorts from Messrs. Jones and Sons, Shrewsbury ; hardy flowers froD> Jackman and Son, Woking ; hardy flowers and Roses from Messrs. J. Laing and Sons, Forest Hill, S.E. ; group of plants and hardy flowers from John R. Box, West Wickham ; Sweet Peas from Peed and Son, West Norwood; Roses from E. Potten, Cranbrook, Kent; hardy flowers In great variety from T. S. Ware, Limited, Feltham ; Palms and a group of foliage and flowering plants from Mr. T. Butcher, Wickham Road, Shirley ; and hardy flower» from J. Cheal and Sons, Crawley. CARSPHAIRN SHOW. The picturesque district of Carsphairn in Galloway had its annual show recently, in connexion with the agri- cultural show. The horticultural department showed a considerable improvement over that of last year, the entries being much more numerous and the quality corres- pondingly better. It was necessary at such an early season to make pot plants the main feature of the show, and the exhibits of these were highly creditable. Those who had the best exhibits in these classes were Mr. W. M'Knight and Mrs. Hyslop, and the most successful com- petitors were Miss M'Millan and Mrs. Hyslop. Mis» M'Millan had the best table bouquet, Mr. J. Anderson coming in second ; but in the class for a hand bouquet the positions were reversed. There was a good competitloQ for Rhubarb, Mr. J. M'CuUocb and Mr. Dalgety Kerr being first in the two classes. SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. Arrangements were made for two exceedingly intereife- ing excursions of the members of this association. The first, which took place on the 24tb ult., was to Sweet- hope and Carberry Tower. At the former Mr. James W, Scarlett's methods of growing for market interested th» members, while Lord Elphinstone's historic place at Carberry, the gardens of which are under the care of Mr. D. Kidd, one of the best Scottish gardeners, afforded much of interest. Oa the 29th inst. it is proposed to visit Tyninghame, the seat of the Right Hon. the- Earl of Haddington, a charming place, whose gardenia as is well kno'.v:^! are under the cere oi Mi. A. P» Biotherston. . Jlly 15, 10O3,J THE GARDEN. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Beautiful Show in the Grounds of tee Chelsea Hospital. A DELIGHTFUL show in delightful weather, at any rate, r\3 far as the tirst day was concerned. The grounds of the Chelsea Uospital were thronged with visitors lo see the beautiful exhibits from the gieat horticultural firms of the British Isles. Unfortunately, owing to extreme pressure on our space this week, it is impossible adequately to describe the various exhibits. It was a meeting of horti- culturists. The council invited the members of the various committees to luncheon, and very pleasant are these annual gatherings. The chair was taken by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. , who was supported among many others by Sir George White, the Governor of Chelsea Hospital. The chairman referred in happy lerms to the presence of Sir George White, who, on responding, received a tremendous ovation. The secretary, the Rev. "W. Wilks, and Mr. Wright, The superintendent, were praised for their good work. We think the opening day of the show will be long remembered by those present. R0SE9. Messrs. William Paul and Son, Waltham Cross, Herts, had a delightful group. Pillars of Dorothy Perkins and W^altham Rambler were arranged among a wealth of Roses in baskets, bowls, and vases. New Roses were Le Pr^gifei (H.T.), apricot buff; The Warrior (T.), soft red; Grand Due de Luxembourg (H.T.), deepest pink in centre, outer petals blush. Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt, sent up a very bright group of Roses, the rich crimsons and reds predominating. The new Hybrid Teas The Dandy and David Uarum were included. Roses and Carnal ions were well and extensively shown by Hobbipp, Limited, Dereham, Norfolk. The new Rimbler Rose, Mrs. F. W. Flight, was finely shown by Messrs. W, Cutbush and Son, Highgate. Messrs. G. Jackman and Son, Woking, showed a charming lot of garden R jses. Rose Mrs. Neate, a flesh-cnloured fiower of excellent form, was shown by Messrs. J. Wood and Son, Woking. Messrs. T. S. Ware, Linoiled, Feltham, exhibited Roses iq variety, garden and show varieties. CARNATIONS. Messrs. William Cutbush and Son, Highgate, N , showed a vtry attractive group of Carnations, Verbenas, Roses, and other plants. The Carnations, which comprised the new yellow Malmaison Yaller Gal, were splendid. Malmaison Carnations were finely shown in a large group by Lady Harmsworth, Sutton Place, Guildford (gardener, Mr. Goatlej). The plants were splendidly grown. Carna- tions in considerable variety and Caladiums were shown by Mesbrs. Peed and Sons, West Norwood. From the Islet, Maidenhead, E. Wagg, Esq. (gardener, Mr. Philips), exhibited a handsome group of Malmaison and othtr Carnations; Cecilia was splendid. The Carnations from Mr. James Douglas, Edenside, Great Boukham, were splendid, one variety obtaining an award of merit; Sea Eagle (apricot), Kaffir (marone), and Jlounijoy (yellow ground, fancy), were fine varieties. Wes&rs. T. S. Ware, Limited, Feltham, showed a pretty group of Carnations well arranged. C^trnations and Roses were exhibited also by Messrs. R. H. Bath, Limited, Wisbech. Messrs. B. S. Williams and Sun, Upper Holloway, N., exhibited Malmaison and other Carnations in cun- aiderable variety. Orchids. A charming feature of the group of Orchids shown by Jeremiah Culman, Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gardener, Mr. W. P. Bound), was a mossy bank planied with Cypri- pedium niveum and various British Orchids. A back- ground cf Nepenthes and groups of exotic Orchids on either side added to its effectiveness. Messrs. Charles- worth and Co., Heaton, Bradford, showed some very fine Cattleyas and Lrelio-Cattleyas in their group of Orchids. One of Ihe very finest Lailio-Oattleyas this firm has flowered is L.-C. dominiana. The sepals and petals are rose, and the lip is rich deep crimson ; a splendid fiower. Cypripedium Daisy Barclay (C. Godtfrojae leucochilum x rothschildianuni) was a good thing shown also. The Orchids from Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, contained some very beautiful Liclio-Cattleyaa ami Cattleyas. A feature was made with Laslio-Catl leya Martinetti varieties. Sir Frederic Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn.EastSheen (orchid grower, Mr. W.H.Young). showed a small but very interesting group of Oichids. Included was Sophro-Cattleya chamberlainiana. Messrs. Hugh Low and Co,. Enfield, sent very good Cattleya gaskelliana and various other Cattleyas in their group of Orchids. Cattleya Mossise Tracy's variety, a white variety of fiLe form, with lemon-yellow throat, was shown by N. C. Cookson, Esq., Wylam-un-Tyne (gardener, Mr. Chapman). A cultural commendation and an award of merit were awarded to a plant of Bulbophjllum Lobbii var. colossum, a plant denoting splendid culture, shown by Walter Cobb, Eiq., Tunbridge Wells (gardener, Mr. Chandler). New Orchids. Cattleya Mossice reineorn, showed a small group of Sweet Paas. Messrs. Stark and Son, Great Ryburgh, Norfolk, set up a gToup of some of the best sorts of Sweet Peas. A collection of n^any varietie?, well displayed, was shown by Messrs. Gilbert and Sun, Dyke, Bourne. Messrs. R. H. Bith, Limited. Wrsbech, showed some good Viises of Sweet Peas. Messrs. G. A. Clark, Limited, Dover, sent a small group of Sweet Peas. Stove and Greenhouse Plants. The zonal Pelargoniums from Mr. Viocent Slade, Taunton, made a brilliant; display; they were shown in some splendid colours. The pigmy trees from Messrs. Bar rand Sons, King Street, Covent Garden, made a quaint and interesting exliibit. Eirly flowering Gladiuh and Hydrangea nivalis, an tft"ectively variegated variety, were shown by Messrs. William Bull and Sons, King's Road, Chelsea- Tuberous Begonias, zonal Pelargoniums, Sweet Peas, and Moon Daisy (Chrysiinthemum) Modesty were shown by Mr. H. J. Jones, Ryecroft Nuisery, Lewisham, making a large and very showy display. Mr. A. F. Dutton, Iver, Buck?, showed some lovely Carnations very effeclivtly set up in vases. Mr. H. B. May, Upper Edmonton, showed zonal Pelargoniums that made a very bright group ; the Ixoras from ilr. May were also very tffective. The group of Ferns from Mr. H. B. May filled nearly one side of a long staging in the centre of the tent. They made a charming bank of greenery and comprised many rare and beautiful Ferns. The new hybrids of Nicotiana Sanderte in white, rose, purple, and pink were finely shown by Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. Mr. John R. Box, West Wickham, showed a bright group cf Begonias, Carnations, Caladiums. &c. A handsome group of Crotons was arr^tiged by Mr. H. B. May. Edmonton. A large group of Ferns was exhibited by Messrs. Hill and Sons, Edmonton ; it contained many good specimens. Cibotium Schiedei was a t-plendid plant. The stove and greenhouse foliage plants from Messrs. William Bull and Sons attracted much attention, and made a handsome group. Caladiums were very finely shown by Messrs. Laing and Sun?, Forest Hill, S.E. The plants were finely grown and coloured. Messrs. Carter and Co., H'gh Holborn, exhibited a very good collection of dwaif Japanese trees. The Gloxinias and Begonias from Mr. A. L. Gwillim, Cambria Nursery, New Eltham, were very bright. Messrs. T. S. Ware, Limited, Feltham, showed some splendid tuberous Bego- nias. Nertera ilepressa was well shown by Mr. R. Anker, Addison Nursery, Napier Road. Kensington. Floral decorations were exhibited by the Grosvenor Floral Dej,dt, 39, Chapel Street, Belgrave Square, S.W. Theie were brilliant Cannas and Cacti in variety from Messrs. Cannell and Sons, Swiinley ; veiy flue tuberous Begonias from Messrs. Blackmore and Langdon, Twerton, Bath; Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Enfield, exhibited Carnations, Crotons. Smilax, and Bouvardias ; Gloxinias and Streptocarpi were well shown by Messrs. Peed and Son, West Norwood ; tuberous Begonias were well staged in great variety by Messrs. J. Laing and Sons, Forest Hill; Messrs. Laing also showed a group of crimson Gloxinias ; and Messrs. \V. and J. Brown, Stamford, showed Roses, Verbenas, and other flowers. Fkpit and Vegetables. Some excellent fruits of Plums, Peaches, Nectarines, and Cherrifs were shown by Leopold de Rothschild, E:q., Gunnersbury House. Acton (gardener, Mr. J. Hudson). Nectarine Rivers Orange, Downton Improved, various Cheirie?, and Piums were all in first-rate condition. Mr. S. Mortimer, Rowledge, Farnham, Surrey, exhibited a col- lection of Melons and the new Cucumber Aristccrat. The Melons were Sutton's Hero of Lockinge, Best of All, and Superlative. Raspberry Penwill's Champion, a good new variety, very free, was shown by Mr. Penwill, Totnes. Messrs. George Bunyard and Co., Maidstone, showed fruit trees in pots, as well as dishes of fruit. The Strawberries Givon's Prolific, D . Hogg, Louis Gautier, and others ; and the dishes of Apples were excellent. Messrs. Carter and Co., High Holborn, displayed an excellent collection of garden Peas. One hundred and fifty varieties were shown from seed sown March 30. They were t.xhibited to show the various stages of maturity. Several plants and some splendid fruits of Strawberry Givon's Late Prolific were sent by the raiser, H. P. Sturgis, Esq., Leatheihead (gardener, Mr. W. Peters) A collection of seedling Melons (of apparently delicious flavour) was sent from the Horticultural CLllege, Swanley. Hardv Plants. The hardy plants were quite one of the features of this great show, and in almost every instance were displayed in a highly creditable manner. A magnificent group of hardy plants was shown by Messrs. Wallace and Co., Culchester, grouped upon the ground — a combination of a rock and water garden, as naturally and tastefully disposed as was possible in such circumstances. Space precludes a lengthy enumeration, but we were much struck with the masses of Lilies, Spiiaiis, Calochortus, Day Lilies, Iris Kfcmpferi, and .)Lher plants. The Water Lily arrangement was excellent Adjoining this group was one from Messrs. Cutbush and Sons, Highgate, and in stme respects similar. Here, tO' . the aquatic arrangement was excellent, the material goo-i, abundant, and well displayed. Sarracenias in variety were of great interest. A luvely mass of Lilium Heniyi made a display as rich aud varied as wai possible. Messrs. B. S. Willitmsand Son, Holloway, had a group cf hardy plants, in which AUtromerias, ea:ly Gladiolus, and other things were seen ilr. G. Renthe, Hardy Plant Nursery, Ke=lon, Kent, contributed choice haidy plants and rare shrubs. Messr?. Paul and Son, Cheshunt, filled a large table with hardy flowers. The Craven Nursery, Ingleborough, Ciaphani, Yorks, contriLucd a choice arrangement of plants, in which Campanula G. F. Wilson, C. pulliiides, Saxifraga loneifolia, Dianthus alpinus albu?, and the rare rosy-colouted Epilubum obcordatum weie noted. Messrs. G. and A. ClarK, Limited, Dover, had a fine exhibit of hardy flowers The St. Biigid and other Anemones from Messrs. Reamsbottom and Co., Geashill, King's County, Ireland, were in capital form ; Sir Joseph Paxton (a rosy mauve), King (;f Scarlets, and King of Salmons being very conspicuous and distinct. The pretty forms of Delphinium chinensis were 1 ugely shown. The hardy plant group from Mr. Amos Peiry, Wiuchmore Hill, was very fine, some excellent things beriig staged. Betonica spicata robusta is a very fine and free hardy plant, and other gocd things included Helenium cupirea, Phlox canadensis Perry's var , Campanula paniculai a, some beautiful Pinks, Gaillardia', &c. ; the Lilies and Eremuri were quite a feast alone. The Water Lilies were a delightful lot. Messrs. Barr and Sons, Cjvent Garden, also contributed hardy plants in great variety, one of the most rarely seeir being Spigelia marilandica, with scarlet gold-lipped tubuliir flowers. The white Scabiosa, Lilium B/ownii, some good Phli'xes, the new white perennial Pea, Dianthus Napoleon III., and a large collectiou of early Gladiolus assisted in au excellent display, A very large exhibit of hardy flowers was that from Messrs. George Bunyard and Co., Maidstone, who arranged some excellent masses of good things. Of the more prominent we noted Centaurea ruthenica, Platycodon grandiflorum, Iris aurea, with the brilliant Monarda didyma in its front, Galega Hartlandi very fine, Sidalcea Listeri, with a lovely lot of Lilium candidum. The group from Mr. B. Ladhams, Shirley, Southampton, contained many fine Ihiogs, notably a batch of Gaillardias, in which there were some exceptionally good varieties. A small group of hardy flowering plants came from Mr. N. Lowis, Bridgwater. The group from Mr. M. Prichaid, Chrl&tchurch, Hants, was a very fine one, and contaii.ed many things of merit. Catananche bicolor, not often seen, Acanthus spinosus, A. mollis, Phlox Coquelicot (very fine), Ct-ntaurea ruthenica, Liatris spicata and a lovely lot of Iris Kajmpferi with a fine pan of Sedum pulchellum, which is not often seen so good. Phloxes in pots, tugeiher with Pentstemons and Larkspur-", came from Mr. John Forbes, Hawick, Scotland, the groups in each case being representative. The Misses Hopkins, Mere, Knutsford, had a small group of hardy things, Primula capitata and some of the smaller Campanulas being noted. Hardy plants from Messrs. George Jackman and Son, Woking, were abundant and good. Pyrethrums, Stenactis, a fine lot of Iris Kaempferi Eeedling forms, Scabious, Larkspur, and others were seen to advantage. A highly representative group of hardy thincs came from Messrs. J. Cheal and Sons, Crawley, Phloxes, Gaillardias, Heucheras, and the more showy subjects generally. A large array of hardy flowering things were staged by Messrs. Ware, Limited, Feltham, in which probably the finest plant was Lathyrus latifoliui White Pear). Campanula Hendersoni, C. pelviftrmip, C. MariesT, and C. perslcifulia Moerheimi were very fine. A really fine exhibit was that of Water Lilies, from L. Currie, Esq., Farnbotough, Hants. The flowers, with their own foliage, were arranged in large pans, and there were some lighteen kinds shown. Groups Odt of Doors. Messrs. Thomas Cripps, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. exhibited a large and effectively arranged group of Japanese Acers, the varied tints of these plants producing a beautiful effect. Messrs. Fulham and Son, 71, Newman Street, W., arranged a rockery, which was plnnied with alpine and other plants. Messrs. Liberty and Co , Regent Street, exhibited garden 5 vases in vaiiety filled with plants. Messrs. J. Cheal and Sons, Crawley, showed a group of ornamental sh rubs. Mr. L. R. Russell, Richmond, Surrey, arranged a s'riking group of shiubs and Ivies. Messrs. William Wood and Son, Wojd Green, exhibited garden vases. Mr. David Russell, Brentwood, Essex, showed a large group of ornamental shrubs, ilessrs. Champion and Co., City Road, EC, showed their tubs for shrubs. Tes'kwood Garden Funuture was sent by Messrs. Cdstle, B.Uic Wharf, Westminster. Mr. G. W. ililey, Ilerne Hill, showed rustic summer-houses and garden furniture. A large tent was filled with exhibits of sundries. We are unable through want of spate to refer to these la lietail. Gold m-dals were awarded to J. Colman, Esq., for Orchids ; Mr. H. B. May, for Ferns ; Messrs. Wallace and Co., for herhqceous plants ; Messrs. William Paul and Son, for R lEes ; Messrs. CharleswiTth, for Orchids ; and Messrs. Cutbush f^r herbaceous plants. New Plants. An award f/ merit was given to each of the following plants by the Ib-ral committee: Croton edmontoniense (U. B. Ma\), CuUdium John Hay (J. Laing) Thalictrum Uelavayi (R Wallace and C<>.), Betonica spicata robusta (A. Perr>), Ba;i"nia Mrs. Arthur Paget (T. S. Ware), Begonia W-iter Lily (T. S. Ware), Carnation Miss WillmotC (J. Dcuglas). DUNDEE HORTICULTUR.A.L ASSOCIATION. The usual monthly meeting of the Dundee Horticultural Association was held in the Technical Institute, Dundee, on the Gth ult., when there was a goud attendance of membeis. The exhibits included seed.iug Amaiyllisea VI. THE GARDEN. [July 15, 1905. from Mr. R. Cairns, which were of high (juality, and for which the exhiliitor was awarded a cultural certiflcale. The paper 'jf the evening was by Mr. D. Halley, hi? subject lieing that oi "Carnations for Exhibilion.'" They were hbly treated of from an exhibitor's aspect. Mr. Halley I eg in by expatialins upon the value and popularity fitioD at the Public Hall. on the ith inst. The fact that a National Society's show at Regent's Park was hf Id only two days Uter accounted, doubtless, for fewer outside amateurs showing. One or two nurserymen also cancelled their entries at the last moment. Another factor in the decreased number of entries was the unfavourable season. The Sutton Challenge Cup for the best forty-eight blooms was won by Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons of Colchester. The second prize went to another firm of Colchester grower', Messrs. D. Prior and Son. In the amateur classes the Coronation Cup with the bowl fur the beat twelve blooms was awarded to the Rev. J. H. Pcmberton of Havering, Ejsex; Mr. E. B. Lindsell was second. His varieties included a fine Mrs. Mawley, which gained the medal for the best Rose in the amateur classes. In the local classes Mr. E. J. Holland, the society's able and enthusiastic hon. secretary, again proved what a skilful grower he is. He gained a piece of plate value £5 (presented by Messrs. R. Harkness and Co.) for the best twelve blooms, the box containing Roses which obtained for their owner the National Rose Society's silver medals for the best Hybrid Tea, Hybrid Perpetual, and Tea, the respective names of the Roses being Mildred Grant, ifr.^ John Laing, and White Miman Cochet. The Ladies" Challenge Cup for the best sis blooms was won by Mrs. F. J. Nightingale. READING ROSE SHOW. The third annual exhibition of the Reading and District Rose Society was held in the Abbey Ruins and Forbury Gardens, Reading, on the 29Lh ult. The executive of the society had been thrown into some confusion by the loss of their late hon. secretary and treasurer. Mr. W. L. Walker, and Mr. J. T. Strange and Mr. W. H. Danlop had worked hard and had secured the services of Mr. William Smith as secretary. The show was on the whole in advance, both in number of entries— which exceeded by fifty or sixty those of last year— and in quality, of any- thing before got together in Reading. It was a remarkable feature of this year's show that no less than three of the six valuable challenge cups were won outright, having been secured three years in succession by the same exhibitors, viz., that for forty-eight distinct blooms, presented by Mr. H. W. Dunlop, by Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons, Limited, of Newtownards, County Down ; that for twenty-four distinct blooms (amateurs), given by Mrs. George William Palmer, by Mr. Conway Jones of Gloucester; and that for eighteen distinct blooms(di3trict amateurf), given by Mrs. J. Herbert Benyon, bv Mr. W. C.din Romaine of The Priory, Old Windsor. While m-^st gratifying to the exhibitors, the loss of these will be a serious matter to the society ; and it is to be hoped generous supporters will replace them in plenty of tioie for the inclusion in next year's schedule. Many inter- esting stands were contributed not for competition. Mrs. Tyser of Oakfield, Mortimer, and Mr. W. Draper Slrange of Padworth sent plants and cut Roses: University College, Reading (Mr, Foster) covered 40 square feet with a grand lot of Sweet Peas, Malmaison Citnations, nint), on Tuesday, th^ 25tih inst., at 11 45 a.m. Viscount Medway has kindly consented to take the chair. It is to be hoped that there will be a large attendance. Mr. F. Herbert Chapman, 101, High Street, Rye, is the h«n. secretary, pro. tern. Scottish fPUit trade.— The continued paucity of the rainfall is having a very injurious effect upon the fruit-growing industry in Scotland, and the Blairgowrie district is feeling it consider- ably. Any rainfall has been comparatively slight, and a greater fall is necessary to soak the ground thoroughly. There is some difficulty in marketing preserving Strawberiies, and buyers hold off, owing, it is said, to the stocks of last year's preserves still on hand. The trade in punnets and baskets is much brighter, and were the railway concessions still greater a better trade could be done. The prices offered for Rispberries are not in accordance with the expec- tations of sellers, who are unwilling to take the prices offered. 38 THE GARDEN. [July 22, 1905. Ivy Mrs. Pollock.— I have never before long rows. The plants were raised in pots under seen this golden variegated Ivy in such good glass in the spring and planted out in April in form. I think it must have been the dry atmo- well-prepared soil, in which was incorporated sphere and sunshine in May that put colour into quite freely good lasting manure. Two seedling the foliage. Anyway, the leaves, instead of being a Peas were planted, 2 feet apart in the rows, and rather sickly yellow tint that generally charac- terises the golden variegated forms of this climber, were richly coloured, and dis- tinctly ornamen- tal. Several years ago I planted one each of Mrs. Pollock, Silver Queen, and atro- purpurea, side by side, simply training them, nursery fashion, to stakes. The contrast and dis- tinctive colouring of these three kinds are very pleasing, and I can strongly re- commend them for a low wall or to ramble over tree stumps, as they are moderate growers. These small-leaved Ivies are, I find, much benefited by an annual manuring of some kind ; if starved they make poor growth, and the leaves do not take on the tint that renders them so attrac- tive when in the enjoyment of perfect health and vigour. — J. CORNHILL. Sweet Peas at Mapk's Tey. If proof were needed to de- monstrate the in- creasing interest taken in the culture of the Sweet Peas, a visit to the new seed grounds of Messrs. Dobbie and Co. at Mark's Tey, Essex, would supply it. Mark's Tey is within a few miles of Colchester. Within the com- paratively short peri od that Messrs. Dobbie and Co. have been in possession of their new quar- ters they have accomplished a great deil. What was formerly a farm of some , in rows 4 feet apart. New and choice sorts, as sixiy acres is now devoted to seed raising and I well as standard sorts of proved merit, are seed saving. On the occasion of a recent visit ' grown. King Edward VII. (crimson) was par- Sweet Peas received the larger share of our , ticuUrly fiu«. Marchioness of Cholmondeley attention. Some sixty varieties are planted in (creamy pink) was very good. Bolton's Pink is HEK GRACE THE DUCHESS OF WESTMINSTER. (A new vice-president of Ute Gardeners' Royal Benevolent InstitiUion.) undoubtedly a very fine acquisition, being quite distinct. Each Sower hai a bold standard, and invariably three flowers on each stem. The new Black Michael does not appear to be an advance on other maroon - coloured Sweet Peas. Annie Stark is a sport from Dorothy Eckford, but the quality is poor. The new David R. Wil- 1 i a m s 0 n is not distinct enough, although a good flower. Dora Breadmore has a tendency to come with a double standard, but when in good form is a large creamy buff flower of good quality. Florence Molyneux (Dob- bie) is an excel- lent garden variety. Coun- tess Spencer (true) is a beauti- ful Sweet Pea, and well deserves all the good things said in its favour. It has a wavy pale blush pink standard, with a distinct Picotee edging of a darker shade. Gladys Unwin is another good pink flower. A new variety is Miss H. C. Phil- brick ; this is a good thing which lacks size, but its pale blue colour is quite novel. Lady Aberdare is pleasing, and is much disposed to sport — a common failing with many Sweet Peas. Romolo Fiazzani is a good flower, rich violet-blue. A new variety bearing many flowers on each stem is Mrs. J. Inman, with orange - red standards, rose wings, and large, bold flowers. Jan e t Scott (pink) is distinct, pleasing, and very free. Orange Countess is a fixed sport from Countess Spen- cer, and is one of the very best of thisinteresting family, of sports. In an adjoining field, fully three acres in extent, were some sixty stock varieties. The rows were each 200 yards long, and, if put end to end, would form a continuous run of more than four miles. All those worthy of culture were to be seen here. — D. B. C. July 22, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 39 Rose Mme. Georges Bruant.-This is, 33 Stated on page 9, a delightful gardea Rose, but I must obieot to it being classed as a form of Rosa rugosa. This has handsome leafage, alto- gether wanting in the above-named variety, and the same maj' be said of the fruits. Again, that delightful red Rose Mrs. Anthony Waterer, said to be the result of a cross between General Jacqueminot and R. rugosa is classed with the last named, but the leafage, spines, and fruit bear no resemblance thereto. Of the true rugosas may be mentioned the single - flowered rose- coloured kind regarded as the type, of which some forms are very richly tinted ; the pure white variety, quite a jewel ; Blanc double de Coabert, now largely grown, its semi-double exceedingly pure white blossoms being much admired, and in leaf- age it is, I think, the most handsome of all ; Souvenir de Philemon Cochet, whose flowers are more double than those of the preceding;, while in addition they have sometimes a suspicion of blush ; and Belle Poitevine, soft rose, semi-double. These forms of Rosa rugosa — that is to say, the kinds with the characteristic foliage of this Rose — thrive in towns much better than any others ; indeed, in a selection of shrubs for London R. rugflsa must have a place, but the same cinnot be said of Mme. Georges Bruant and Mrs. Anthony Waterer, beautiful though they be when in a thriving state. Where the con- ditions are none too favourable, I find that mildew is sometimes troubles jme in the ca«e of Mme. Georges Bruant. — H. P Proposed new plant house at Dundee. —The Parks Committee of the Dundee Town Council have had recently before them a proposal to erect in the EiStern Cemetery a new plant house for the purpose of raising flowers for the adornment of the graves in the cemetery and for other purposes. The proposal met with a favourable reception, and, as it is of an unambitious character, and not at all a costly one, it may be carried out. The house is estimated to cost £300, and it is proposed to sell plants and flowers to the owners of the cemetery plots in order to meet the necessary expenses. Tomato Toogood's Best of AH. — For anyoae requiring a Tomato which is a good cropper, whose fruits do not split, one, in fact, that is in every way suitable for miiu crop or for market culture, the above is all that can be desired. It is of quite distinct habit and free set- ting. The fruits are of medium size, smooth, and highly coloured. Ic will keep in good condition over a long period after it is ripe, which adds considerably to its value. It was, I believe, sent out by Messrs. Toogood and Sons of Southampton. -E Harriss. Dumfriesshire and Galloway Horticultural Society.- The directors have reluctantly found it necessary, for financial reasons, not to hold a summer show this year. The winter one in November will, however, be held as usual, but additional classes will be added so as to enlarge the show. The efforts of the directors to restore the financial balance are meeting with so much success that it is expected thit the summer show will a^iin be held next year. The pnze-maney at the winter show will, as usual, he guir-anteed by the directors. Mr R. G. Minn, Cuurier aitd Herald officis, Dumfries, the secretary, will supply fchpdules of the winter show, which is to be held on November 9 At this show the Dumfries Corporation Challenge Cup, tenable for one year, will be offered in the gardeners' classes for cut Chrysanthemum blooms. Aster sub-eaeruleus.- Messrs. R Wallace and Co., Kilndeld Gardens, Colchester, write : " With reference to your illustration in a recent issue of Aster sub-cferuleus and note on same, we should like to say that we showed this consented to judge the flowers staged at this meeting. The autumn meeting will bp held on Friday, September 21, when Mr. H. E Molyneux (hon. treasurer of the National Rose Society) will read a paper on " Roses for Suburban Gardens." HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF WESTMINSTER. (Who presided at the nceiit dinner of the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution.) plant in fine condition before the Royal Botanic Society on the 7th ult., when it received a firsl-olase certificate." Bowdon Amateur Horticultural Club. — The summer meeting will be held by kind permission on Friday evening, the2l3t inst., 1905, in the Lecture Hall adjoining the Downs Congregational Church (entrance in Bjwdon Road), doors open at 8 o'clock. A paper will be read at 8 45 p.m. on "Lilies" by Mr. R W Wallace, Colchester. Mr. Wallace has kindly IN THE CAUSE OF CHARITY The GAKDEyERs' Royal Benevolent Lnstitution. This great horticultural charity helJ its annual dinner recently at the Hotel Metro- p;ile. A dinner is essential to bring before the horticullural and general public the claims of those who fall by the waysde, and must depend upon the charitable for a calm ending to a life of toil, and sometimes keen struggle for existence. We are never weary of urging the claims of this institution upon the charitable, and large— though by no means too large -sums raided for dis- tressed gardeners are the out- come of the eloquent pleading of the chairman and others at these annual festivals. The gathering in June last ■will ever remain in the memory of those who were present. The chair was taken by his Grace the Duke of Westminster. Many distinguished men in various positions of life hive occupied the same place, but few have done so with greater charm and earnestness. The Duke, it will be renieni- liered, gave £200 to the funds, has become an annual sub- scriber of 10 guineas, and has consented to be a vice-presi- dent. But, more than this, the Duke has shown his great personal interest in the insti- tution by bringing its good work before his family. The Duchess of Westminster sub- scribed 50 guineas, and has also accepted the office of vice- president. We give with plea- sure the portraits of the Duke and Duchess and their eldest child. It may be interesting to recall that the present Duke's grandfather was cfairnian for twenty-one years of the Gar- deners'Boyal Benevolent Insti- tution, and his grandson is .■■ bowing a practical interest in horticulture and farming by his remarkable work in South Africa. There he his pur- chased 20,000 acres to found a colony for the men of Cheshire who are willing to emigrate to South Africa and engage in fruit-growing and general farming. It is a noble and philanthropic conception. The world is made happier and brighter by the men who do good deeds such as this, and we hope that the project will be success- fully carried through. Such an eflbrt to keep men on the land, and to teach them a healthy and profitable industry, is most praiseworthy. 40 THE GARDEN. [July 22, 1905. PRIZES FOR GARDENERS. AWARDS IN THE JUNE COMPETITION. Peas and Potatoes. A LARGB number of gardeners competed for the prizes offered for the beat answers on the above subject. They include writers from most of the counties in Enaland, and several from Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Among so many papers contributed, a few, of course, show an elementary knowledge, but the majority evidence an intimate and practical knowledge of the subject. The first prize es'ay reveals the best information on the successful culture of these two most important garden crops. Two of the writers omitted to give their names and addresses, and one dealt with Potatoes only. The prizes are awarded as follows : First priz», Mr. John Carter Wadd, The Gardener's Lodge, Knighton Fields, Leicester. Second prize, Mr. Edgar J. KirDland, The Hermitage Gardens, Walton-on-Hill, Epsom. Third prize, Mr. M. Millard, Hartley Wintney, Winohfield. Fourth prize, Mr. L. S. Bidwell, Royston, Hertfordshire. The following deserve commendation : H. Prosser, Knoll Gardens, Wimborne ; H. Forder, Ruthin Castle Gardens, North Wales ; Charles Blair, Preston House Gardens, Linlithgow, N. B ; T. Hayton, Kilney Court Gardens, Worthington, Wigan ; Thomas Davies, The Gardens, Danstall Hall, Stafford ; A. Salter, MyscoU Park Gardens, Chatham, Kent. Some writers lost points in not giving dates, or approximate ones, for sowing and planting, an important item where amateurs and learners are concerned. The first prize essayist evidently understands the subject thoroughly. The paper is full of practical and sound instruction. The only fault we have to find with it is that the writer has included Evergood Potato in his mid-season varieties. This should be deleted and a better variety substituted. Its quality is universally condemned. The variety Factor should also be included in the late six varieties. It has been proved to be one of the very best late Potatoes. THE FIRST PRIZE ESSAY. I.— Give lists for selection from of six early Peas, arranged in order of earliDess, six mid-season Peas, and six late Peas, to cover a long season ; also give heights of the varieties and suitable distances apart for sowing. Eirly varieties : For sowing in November and December Improved William the First stands unrivalled. It is one of the hardiest Peas in cultivation, grows between 3 feet and 4 feet in height, and should be spaced at 4 feet from row to row, the rows to run north and south. Singster's No. 1 Improved, for sowing in the early part of January, is a good variety, and "weathers" well. It grows from 2J feet to 3 feet high, and gives good results at 3 feet between the rows. E irly Sunrise, for sowing in the middle or last week in January, should come next. It is very robust and hardy. Haulm as a rule not above 2^ feet high, more often less. Should lie given 2j feet space on strong ground, and 3 feet on a light, deep, friable loam. Chelsea Gem, for sowing early in February, is a prolific variety. It grows from 12 inches to 18 inches in height, and may be sown in drills 2 feet apart. Gradus is one of the largest early Peas culti- vated. Should be sown about the middle of February in drills 3 feet apart. Is very robust, and attains the height of 3 feet. Sutton's Early Giant, for the last sowing, at the end of February, is probably the best early Pea in culti- vation. The haulm is fleshy, and the pods are very large. It attains a height of 3 feet to 4 feet, and should be planted at 4 feet from row I) row if possible, and not less than 3 feet asunder, the rows to run north and south. Mid-stason varieties : Daisy is a Pea that thrives well in most soils. Very robust in habit. Attains to 2 feet in height. Should be given 2 J feet space. Sutton's Divarf Defiance is a Pea of good quality and productiveness. Height about 2| feet ; distance apart to plant, 3J feet. Champion of England, an old Pea, but the sweetest eating Pea in cultivation. Height, 5 feet. Should be given 6 feet from row to row. Yorks-hire Hero is a very fine cropper, and has excellent table qualities. Height, 3i feet. Should be given 4| feet from row to row. Duke of York, for sowing early in April, comes next in this class. A very sturdy grower, stands early drought well, grows 3^ feet high, and requires 4| feet space. Sutton's Prize Winner should complete the mid-season section. It is a good grower in most soils. Height, 3 feet ; space, 4i feet. Main or late varieties : Duke of Albany is a very large Pea, good cropper, stands drought well. It attains a height of 5 feet, and requires 6 feet space between the rows. Glory of Devon is a Pea that should be grown in all large gardens. It is an extraordinary cropper, very sturdy, and grows about 4 feet high ; distance apart to plant, 5 feet. Veitch's variety for best results. Sutton's Exhibition Marrowfat, for sjwing the end of May, is indispensable. Pods are large and well filled. Height, 4 feet ; space required, 4J feet between rows. Ne Plus Ultra, Selected. — Provided the selected strain can be obtained, this Pea will pay for sowing the second week in June, It is more robust than the old Ne Plus Ultra, only reaches about 5 feet in height ; distance apart required, 6 feet. The Gladstone. — This variety, for sowing the last week in June, is a reliable cropper. Excellent for dry seasons. Attains to 3| feet in height, and requires 4j feet space. The Autocrat is a Pea of well-known merit, and will prove itself as fuch if planted as late as July 10. Height, 4 feet ; space, 4J feet. U. — Give briefly details as to the best methods of soil pre- paration and manuring to secure a succession of Peas during hot weather. To grow Peas during hot weather we should aim first at providing the most suitable means by which the plants can take up the different properties from the soil required to bring them to perfection. This is best secured by a system of deep cultivation. On heavy soils I would suggest double digging, leaving the bottom spit under- neath, and placing well-rotted manure between the top and bottom spita. On soils of a light sandy nature dig out a trench to the depth of 1 foot, work in some good short manure in the bottom spit as for Celery, and then place a thin layer of well-rotted manure in next, covering this with 3 inches of the soil removed from trench, then sow the Peas on top of this, and cover with another 3 inches of soil. After the plants are up a mulching of short litter in very dry, hot weather is helpful, also a top-dressing of superphosphate, with frequent waterings from the farm or stable yard. Ill, — Furnish briefly practical information as to the sowing and raising of Peas under glass for planting out on a warm border to secure early gatherings, also name a few suitable dwarf varieties. The earliest Peas picked from outside are those which are sown in the middle of October in pots plunged to their rims in ashes. These must be kept out until Dacember is well on ; then they should be placed in a frame with a very mild hot-bed underneath. Great care is required in watering and admitting air ; these are ruled by the weather prevailing. The plants need to be kept steadily growing until towards the end of February, when they should be gradually hardened off and planted on a warm border. They will still require protection against sharp frosts and cutting winds, but, if the weather is favourable at that time, it is quite possible to commence picking before April is out. Harbinger is the most suitable Pea for this method. Another good method to secure early pickings is to place strips of turf 4 inches wide and the length of the frame. Place these on a mild hot-bed, grass downwards. Sow the Peas along the centre of each turf, and cover with fine earth. Keep close until germination is well advanced, and then admit air according to the weather. Grow steadily and procure a short, sturdy plant, gradually harden off, and plant out the last week in March. Operations should commence the third week in January for the above method. Again sow in pots in February and grow steadily, and plant out at 12 inches apart with trowel as soon as hard enough and weather favourable. In place of pots for the above method, V-shaped troughs of any length suitable may be used. These should be made of 6-inch by three-quarter inch floor- boards, the ends nailed flrmly to one board, and the other board only nailed on loosely or held on by two bands of copper wire, one near each end. The loose board is taken off and the plants put gently into a trench already prepared as to shape and depth. In all oases of planting out Peas they should be placed about 1 inch below the ground level, and protection ought to be providi-d, or success cannot be looked for. Little Marvel (Sutton's), Chelsea Gem, English Wonder, The Sherwood, and William Hurst are all suitable varieties. IV,— Describe the culture of Peas to be grown in pots, boxes, or on a liouse floor for gathering early under glass. Pea culture under glass in pots is a rather difficult operation, as they rtquire to be grown steadily so as to ensure dwarf sturdy plants. Too much or too little water is fatal to them. Great care and judgment are necessary as to watering at the right time. Ventilation, too, must be given in plenty at all favourable times, but the plants must never be exposed to cold draughts or they will never set their blooms. Seven-inch pots are suitable, in which place a rich compost over a good drainage, the latter being an important point. Sow about eight seeds in each pot in October, and place in a cool house or frame. When the plants begin to grow, stake them round with an old Birch broom or two or three stakes to prevent their falling and breaking. Give liquid manure only when the blooms have set and the pods are ready to swell. Larger pots than the above may be used, but if they are over 9 inches in diameter the Peas should be sown round the sides. Boxes for Peas should be 8 inches wide, 8 inches deep, and 2 feet long. Put plenty of rubble in the bottom to secure drainage. The same cultural directions apply to this method as to those in pots. If grown on the door of a house a bed must either be made specially for them or the border existing enriched. A cool Peach house facing south or west, with the roof reaching almost to the ground, is the most suitable structure in which to grow them. They should be sown in drills 18 inches apart and 2 inches deep. When high enough, earth up slightly, and stake with short busby boughs. Water only when absolutely necessary, and that after a top. dressing of superphosphate. Air according to weather. Sow in November. Should the slightest sign of mildew appear, dust freely with sulphur. Peas may be sown on a warm border in November, and when well up they may be covered with portable frames, giving as much air as possible, but keeping them free from cold cutting winds and heavy rains. This method will sometimes hasten the crop by three weeks. V.--Name eighteen varieties of Potatoes for selection from for garden culture, ctassifyini; them as early, mid- season, and late ; also mention general character of growth, and proper distances apart of the rows. Early varieties: Ringleader. — For the earliest crop ; a white-fleshed kidney ; haulm, medium height and sturdv. Space out 2 feet from row to row. Dake of York, — A capital smooth, oval, early dwarf variety ; heavy cropper on moat soils ; haulm, short and very hardy. Spice out at 20 inches. Sutton's Ashleaf. — A good Potato for early work ; produces heavy crops ; haulm, very short as compared with the old early Ashleaf. Space required, 20 inches between rows. Ninety- •July 22, 1905,] THE GARDEN. 41 fold. — Another of Sutton's productions, and highly prized by all who have used it ; haulm, dwarf, stands up well. Space out at 2 feet. Sir John Llewelyn. — A Potato becoming very popular ae a first early ; it is a white-fleshed kidney, and grows large ; the haulm is dwarf, and stands up well if the ground is in good tilth ; 27 inches is a fair distance to space out this variety. Royal Kidney. — Known in some districts as the Royal Ashleaf Kidney. Classed by some as a second early, I prefer to put it in its present position. It is supposed to be the hardiest variety in cultiva- tion ; a good cropper. Medium height, and requires 2 feet space between rows. Mid- season varieties: Snowdrop. — A good kidney Potato ; can be relied upon in most seasons ; haulm, erect and robust. Space required 2J feet. Evergood. — For midseason work this Potato ought to have a place. Enormous cropper, stands against disease well. Free grower, requiring 2J feet between rows, Sutton's Epicure. — A grand round Potato, highly thought of by Scotch growers. The flesh is white, good eating, tubers good shape. Haulm medium to strong. Space between rows 2J feet. British Queen. — Splendid white Kidney. Cooks well when dug from any ground ; a heavy cropper. Haulm strong. Space between rows 2j feet. Beauty of Hebron. — This good old pink round is still worthy of notice. Excellent in a dry season. Haulm medium. Space 2J feet. Sutton's Reading Russet. — A flattish round, lemon- white flesh. A good cropper and keeper. Haulm fairly strong. Space required 2J feet. Late varieties : Up-to- Date. — A heavy cropper, oval-shaped tubers. Very strong growing and requires 3 feet between rows. King Edward VII. — A heavy cropping Kidney Potato with white flesh, eyes pink. A good disease resistor, first - rate table qualities. Haulm medium to strong. Space between rows 2| feet. Sutton's Abundance. — A flattish round Potato of good appearance and table qualities. Haulm medium. Space between rows 2\ feet. Kerr's Duchess of Cornwall. — A splendid cropping round Potato. Very healthy grower, disease resistor of the first water. Haulm medium. Space between rows 2 J feet. The Sirdar. — A beautiful white-skinned, oval Potato. Crops very heavy, very free from disease. Haulm fairly free growing. Space between rows 2j feet. Fidler's Record. — An excellent white Kidney; a very heavy cropper of good flavour. Haulm medium. Space between rows 2J feet. VI. — Describe general requirements of Potatoes as to soil preparation, manuring, and times for planting. Potatoes need ground broken up well and well manured. For early varieties I prefer the ground to be dug in the autumn, and if light the manure should be well decayed. For heavy soil I believe the best results are obtained if stable manure is used which has rather more than half decayed. This helps to keep open the ground, and the tubers, in consequence, lift easier and cleaner. Seven pounds of superphosphate and half that quantity of kainit per square rod make a useful top-dressing and should be hoed in after the Potatoes are above ground. On light ground the Potatoes may be dibbled in, but on heavy soils it is always best to trench them in and lightly fork the top as you go along. All outside crops are best earthed up. Planting, under the most exceptional conditions as regards weather and aspect, should not begin before February 20, and it should then be carried along by weekly stages, taking each sort I have given in rotation. All should be under ground by May 10. My reason for extending it thus far is because midland and northern growers so often have their crops sadly damaged by late frosts. VII. — Give briefly particulars as to the culture of Pota- toes in pots, boxes, or in frames, under glass, and name a few suitable varieties for such purpose. Potatoes grown in pots or boxes require special care as to watering, &c. ; in fact, forced Potatoes in any circumstances must never be neglected. The most suitable sized pots to use are those of 16 inches or 18 inches diameter. These should be crocked sufficiently to secure good drainage, and then about three-fourths filled with prepared soil, sandy loam (three parts), leaf-mould (one part), and spent Mushroom bed (one part), well incorporated together. Plunge three or four sets in each pot to a depth of 4 inches, and stand the pots in a cool house or frame. When through top-dress with some of the same compost. Admit air as occasion occurs, and look out for pests and damping of the haulm in the dead of winter, generally accelerated if the haulm gets bruised or broken by shifting pots and falling about. Boxes should be 1 foot wide, 1 foot deep, and 2 feet long. These will take four or five tubers. The same conditions as for pots apply here also. Frames are undoubtedly the best means employed in the forcing of the Potato. A mild hot-bed, protection from frost, and strict attention to watering, airing, &c., are all that are required. Give about 8 inches of soil to grow in and plant in rows, the rows to be IJ feet apart, and the sets 9 inches in the rows. Any of the three methods mentioned above will be found suitable for operations commencing as early as September. Under glass. — If this term refers to houses, either a late vinery or late Peach house will be found suitable for the purpose. Plant on the border in rows IJ feet apart, and 1 foot apart in the rows. They will not require earthing up. Give air freely, but keep out frost, and water only if abso- lutely necessary. November or December will be soon enough (for this method of forcing) to begin planting. I recommend the following GESTIANA VEENA. varieties as the most suitable for forcing : Ring- leader, Sutton's Ashleaf, Sharpe's Victor, and Early Puritan or Duke of Vork. VIII. — Briefly describe the nature of the well-known Potato disease, how it may be counteracted, and what are the beat agents for such purpose. Most gardeners are onlj' too well acquainted with the terrible Potato disease known as Phytophthora infestans. It is a fungus which attacks the foliage. The mycelial threads consume the protoplasm of the cells, destroying the leaf green (chlorophyll). Pa«sing through the foliage and down the stem, they eventually reach the tuber, consuming the food it contains, the outcome of which is that the tuber soons begins to rot, and nothing will stop it. Wet seasons accelerate it. Prevention is better than cure, and as no cure is supposed to have been found, we must take preventive measures instead. First, I believe in a frequent change of seed, obtained from sources which are known to be nearly disease-proof or where the greatest care is exercised in the selection of the seed tubers. Secondly, in lifting the crop (whether it shows signs of disease or not) to pick up every Potato if only as large as a Pea, thoroughly forking over the ground to get every one. Thirdly, burning every scrap of haulm and any tubers that have been discarded which are not to be used for cattle or the like. Fourthly, to practise the rotation of crops as much as possible, so that Potatoes only come on the same ground once in three years. I may here say that, apart from manuring the ground, an occasional dressing of quick-lime would also help to prevent the disease by sweeten- ing the ground, especially so if it is of a heavy nature. Lastly, as soon as the disease attacks the crops, it should be sprayed with Bordeaux Mixture. This should be made up as follows : lOlb. of sulphate of copper and 5lb. of lime to 50 gallons of water. If the crop is sprayed two or three times it is quite possible that the disease will be checked, the plants will continue growing and so mature the tubers, and a good sound crop will be lifted at the proper season. John Carter Wadd. Gardener's Lodge, Knighton Fields, Leicester. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS. GENTIANA VERNA. IN many rock gardens this beautiful Gentian is but short-lived. Sometimes it flowers the first year after planting, and then it dwindles away and dies. Gentiana verna, to do well, requires a well - drained, gritty soil, and plenty of moisture. It succeeds admirably in the full sun if kept moist, but does not mind a more shady position, or even the north side of a rock ; neither does it object to rough, stormy weather. Moisture and gritty soil are, however, indispensable. Plenty of crushed stones and an abundant supply of gritty sand should be mixed with the soil, which in planting should be pressed very firmly around the plant, and receive an additional layer of grit on the top. So many people fail with this plant that I was delighted to find on the exposed North Devon coast, namely, in the natural rock garden of Mr. A. L. Ford at Gwynallt, Lynmouth, a specimen 1 foot across, and bearing between 350 and 400 flowers. The sight of this was so charming that I begged a photograph of the plant, which is repro- duced in the accompanying illustration. Mr. Ford also very kindly sent me some additional particulars of this plant, and I think I cannot do better than quote his letter. Mr. Ford says : " The plant was put in its present position in the autumn of 1898, being then the usual nurseryman's plant of small size. Its present measurement (.lune, 190.5) is 12 inches by 11 inches. The aspect is north ; the soil is the detritus of a Devonshire tor, which was cleared of Heath, Bracken, and Bramble in 1897, when the land was enclosed. It consists mostly of disintegrated shale, there being no limestone or granite. There have been 373 flowers, but these are now faded. The only treatment the ground has had beyond hand- weeding is the throwing roughly by hand, broadcast, manure consisting of an equal mixture of guano, basic slag, and ground bones. I attribute my success in gardening here to the fact that my gardener is not allowed to have a spade, and that the soil is left undisturbed." An illustration of Mr. Ford's natural rock garden appeared in The Garden of March 7th, 1903. Elmside, Exeter. F. W. Meter. SOHIZOCODON SOLDANELLOIDES. In the note on Schizocodon in the issue for the 17th ult. , I omitted to remark upon the charming tints which the foliage assumes under favourable conditions. While a shady position is conducive to free growth, it does not impart the beautiful colour to the foliage which is so 42 THE GARDEN. [July 22, 1905. attractive a feature of this rare Japanese Moon- wort. The same remark applies also to Shortia gilaoifolia, and to obtain the full beauty of laafage which these exquisite plants are capable of producing, a position only half shaded should be chosen. In such a position it is advisable to add rather more loam to the compost in which they are to grow. This will retain the moisture •'letter thin a wholly peaty soil, and also, I think, assist in furnishing the plants with the necessary elements for the formation of the colouring pign.ents. THE ROSE GARDEN. ROSA SINICA IN THE SOUTH-WEST OF SCOTLAND. IN a favoured position on a south wall, this charming single Rose, best known, perhaps, as the Cherokee Rose, has bloomed this year in the gardens of Ciptain Hope, at St. Mary's Isle, Kirkcudbright. Although given every care it does not bloom under glass in the same gardens, but Mr. James Jeffrey, the gardener there, anticipates success with it under glass as well. So far as the writer knows it has not previously bloomed in the .same locility, and its fine foliage, accompanied by the large single white flowers, have made the plant quite an object of interest in the garden at St. Miry's Isle. S. A. •ROSE J. B. CLARK. This splendid Hybrid Tea has appeared just at the right moment, and I prophecy a very popular welcome for it. It is like a glori6ed Liberty, much brighter in colour than when I saw it last Sep*.embar. The flower that received the silver medal at the Nitional Rose Show on July 6 last WIS a fine specimen when judged, but in the afternoon quickly exhibited its eye. Not that ihis is a detect, but I should like to see a little more fulness both in .J. B Clark and Ben Cant. I believe we are on the eve of grand additions tn the high-coloured Hybrid Teas, and they will have come none too soon, as we sadly need them for grouping where the paler tints predominate Mr. Hu^h Dickson is to be congratulated upon his seedling. P. ROSE LEUCHTSTERN IN KIRKCUD- BRIGHTSHIRE. Thu beautiful climbing Rose does very well in the S luth of Scotland, and grown as a pillar Rwe it is one of the most pleasing among the many cultivated in this way in the fine gardens of St. Mary's Isle, Kirkcudbright. Not only dies it cover the pillar freely with foliage — an important matter in a pillar Rise — but it gives multitudes of its charming little flowers. As is known to almost everyone acquainted with the tiewer Rises of this class, Leuohistern has single flowers of a bright rose with a large white eye Oa the best specimens, some 9 feet or 10 feet high, were thousand.s of these bright little flowers. It compared very favourably with some newer Roses of the same class, and wat noticeably good even among the many Roses cultivated at St. Mary's Isle. S. A. ROSE PHARISAER (H.T.). Theke is surely a great future for this Rose. It grows with far more vigour than its parent, Mrs. W. J. Grant Wo all know how abundantly Mrs. W. J. Grant produces seed, and possibly ninety-nine seedlings out of a hundred would be worthless, but if we could only obtain one good one we should feel well repaid if it were as good as Pharisaer. There i " more distinct of Hybrid Teas raised recently is Lady Battersea, which was shown finely by the raisers, Messrs. Paul, during last spring. It is an excellent Rose for forcing, and has also great value for massing in the open garden. We must pass to the other new Roses raised here with a briefer note than we had hoped to have given them, but an opportunity will present itself at some future time for a more minute description. The sweet rose-coloured Cherry Ripe, the Bourbon Snowdon, the flowersof spotless purity ; Colour Queen, a German novelty, Farben- kbnigin, with deeply shaded buds; Royal Scarlet, a single Rose, but as brilliant in colouring and effect as a Henry Jacoby Geranium, a perfect little Rose for massing in the same way as Fabvier should be used ; a dainty little Hybrid Musk, aptly named Snowstorm, from the pro- fusion of flake-like flowers ; the rambling and now well known Psyche, and the Dandy, a pure Hybrid Tea, which was much admired at a recent meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society. It is a seedling from Bardou Job, and its origin is evident in the soft velvety petal of the purest maroon, almost the colour of its parent. The flower is exquisitely neat, perfect in the half- expanded bud stage for button-holes, and very fragrant. Combined with these virtues is a strong almost evergreen foliage, and happily the flowers continue to expand from early summer until the autumn. A short drive from the nursery at the back of the beautiful old Eliztbethan house is one of the finest fields of Hybrid Teas it has been our pleasure to .^ee, embracing not only well known hybrids, but those of recent date. Of the newer forms we noticed superb flowers of President 44 THE GARDEN. [July 22, 1»06. Carnot, which has delicate Rose petals of great width and substance. Marquise Litta, Mme. E. Metz, salmon pink, very fine in all ways, and never touched with mildew, and better-known hybrids such as Mrs. W. J. Grant, the petals nieisuring fully 6 inches in width ; Mme. Cadeau Ramey, Bessie Brown, Mildred Grant, Mme. Ravary, and the Hybrid Perpetual Frau Karl Druschki, which was alone worth a long journey to see. It is gratifying to find a new Hybrid Perpetual o£ such pronounced heauty. One group of plants had no less than 500 ex- panded flowers, a sheet of purest whit^, and showing that this Rose is not only of great excel- lence for exhibition but also for massing in the garden. The nursery near the house contains a collec- tion of the old garden Roses which scented the gardens of our forbears, and interesting species and varieties which are rarely seen in these days of Hybrids, Teas, and Chinas. In one place we noticed Clynophylla plena, close to the Rugosa Rose Thusnelda, which blooms very early, and has the most charming of blush rose shades. It has the merit, too, of flowering throughmt the summer. A beautiful wichuraiana Rose is Ferdinand Roussel, the flowers covering the glistening foliage. It has evidently much of the Tea blood in it. Le Progres, a Hybrid Tea, should be made note of for its beautiful yellow colour, as rich as W. Allen Richardson, and very sweet ; George Laing Paul, crimson, a very free garden Rose; Mme. Durand,Pharisaer, Catherine Zeimet, Aimee Coohet, a lovely pure self pink ; Senateur Belle, Mme. Paul L6d^, Konigin Carola, Souvenir de Wm. Robinson, Mme. J. Phillipe, Mme Jules Gravereaux, Venus, Mme. Antoine Mi.ri, Triomphe de Pdrnet Pere, and Perle de Neige, but these are only a few of those that should be recorded in the notebook of the rosarian. It is a pleasure to walk through a nursery so replete with interest and instruction as this, the Roses of a bygone age with the most recent of novelties, and sweetness suffering little in compirison. Here are masses of the Hybrid Chinas, Mme. Eugene Resal and Mme Liurette Messimy, and a hundred other good garden Roses, grouped in a way that it is possible to gauge the effect that would be produced when planted in the pleasure grounds or Rose garden. A summer day spent among the Roses at Cheshunt is a day well spent. THE FLOWER GARDEN. LAYERING CAENATIONS. IN order to bring the wood to that degree of hardness when it is fit to be layered, the plants should have full exposure when they have done blooming. At all times during the summer the plants should have a free circulation of air among them, and the act of shading the flowers for exhibition does not prevent this. The aim, then, of the propagator should be to secure ripened wood. Let it be remembered there is a happy medium as aSecting the condition of the wood, or, as the Carnation grower terms it, the "grass" for layering; it should neither be too soft nor too hard, though I would rather have it somewhat hard than too soft. There is no ripening process better than a full exposure to the sun. Layering can commence as early as the middle of July, provided the grass be fit. Care should bo taken to thoroughly moisten the ball of soil about the roots of the plant to be layered a day or two before the operation is performed. The reason for this is that after the layers are made the plant can be watered only through a fine rose watering-pot, and if the ball of soil be dry, the layers will be weakened. If after a plant is layered I have reason to think it is suffering ROSE PSYCHE ON THE PERGOIA AT KEW. (RaUed by Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt.) from dryness at the root, I stand the pot in a pail of water deep enough for it nearly to reach the rim of the pot, and so thoroughly saturate the soil. Care being taken that the soil about the roots is thoroughly moist, as soon as the surface is dry, the layers are trimmed ready for layering by removing the lower leaves and shortening the ends of the others ; then by means of a pointed stick the old soil is removed to the depth of 2 inches or 3 inches and its place filled with a good sandy compost, not too stiff; fine loam, leaf-mould, and a good quantity of sand are very suitable, and then the plant is ready for layering. The process of layering consists in piercing through the shoot of a Carnation just above the joint by means of a sharp knife — a penknife with the blade sharpened on both sides is best, and then drawing it out at the back of the shoot by means of a downward cut, thus half severing it from the plant. In doing this a kind of tongue or nib is formed ; this is cut back to the joint, and then the layer is gently, but firmly, pressed down into the soil and fastened by means of a peg. It is very much a matter of practice. A skilful man can put down the layers of several hundreds of plants in pota during a day of ten hours provided the plants are prepared for him. If the wood is in good condition, a return of at least '90 per cent, of well-rooted layers may be looked for. The normal increase of a plant in a, good season is five ; in bad seasons only three. This is a mean average, but it is well known some plants produce more grass than others. The earlier layers can be laid down, the more likely are they to root quickly. Layers put down at the end of July and early in August may be expected to root in four or five wetks ; those put down in September require a longer time. Sometimes the shoots which can be layered are so high up on a plant that they cannot be brought down to the level of the others without danger of breaking them off. To meet this diflieulty, it is a common practice to fill a small pot, from which the bottom has been removed, with soil, so that the layering pegs may pass through it into the soil in the big pot below. These pots should be kept upright, and an oyster shell or piece of broken crock placed upon the surface to prevent evaporation. The work of layering completed, a sprinkling should be given through a fine rose watering-pot, and the pots be sheltered from hot sunshine until the layers begin to root ; then they may be fully exposed. The advantage of having the plants in pota for layering is obvious. The plants are under much better control, the wood is better ripened, layer- ing can be done under cover in bad weather, and the layers root more quickly in the pots than in the open ground. Further, if heavy autumnal rains set in, which tend to hinder the rooting of the layers, the pots can be taken under shelter. It is a practice with raisers of new varieties to test their seedlings thoroughly in the open ground, and then lift the plants and place them in pots for the convenience of layering. R. THE GLADIOLI. It certainly goes without saying that the Gladioli are among the finest of late summer and early autumn flowering plants. Rich, varied and good in colour, they only require to be well dealt with to ensure the best results. Their cultivation is well known to those amateurs who take a keen interest in these showy and beautiful plants. But, while the usual or orthodox way of growing a few of t^ese plants in the border is well under- stood, it does not follow that anything like the best results are secured from year to year. In common with not a few other things that could be named, the genus Gladiolus is singularly benefited by fresh ground, and in particular by being planted on this for the first time. Here, however, a drawback is liable to crop up, and, should the new soil be light or such as has been down to pasture for some time, the chances are that wireworms will be present in either large or small numbers. When a choice selection or collection is about to be planted, the importance of having land quite free from such a pest cannot be over-estimated. Hence it will be well to anticipate the coming crop, and so arrange matters previously that the plants now under notice are not really being planted on maiden soil. Naturally, nothing is better than this if the land enjoys perfect immunity from the larvaj mentioned. Of suitable soils, a rather holding or slightly clayey loam will be found to promote the greatest vigour, and particularly when the preparation is of the right kind. Autumn digging — or rather, by way of prefer- ence, trenching — should always be indulged in, working in the heavy supplies of manure at one spit deep, and leaving the upper surface to be pulled down by wind and weather in due course. During frosty weather, or such weather as will permit of the land being walked upon with impunity, sewage refuse may be carted or harrowed on the surface and spread, likewise a good dressing of bone-meal or of lime to be worked down gradually. This may finally be Supplement to THE GARDEN, July 22nd, 1905. HELONIOPSIS BREVISCARPA July 22, 1905.] THE GARDEIN. 45 worked in with the fork or at planting time, and with such care good spikes in plenty should follow in due course. Possibly such or similar ca,re has been bestowed on this valuable race of plants over and over again, and it must needs be if the spikes are to attain full development. In the more heavy class of soil it is ofDen necessary to surround the corms with sharp sand or grit, so that an early rooting may be encouraged, and equally that the root- fibres be preserved. In the lighter and sandy soils this is, of course, unneces- sary, and rather than make preparations to this end measures have to be adopted by which the soil is retained in as cool a condition as possible. For this purpose, more or less, fresh cow manure is deeply buried in the soil below the corms, not so much for the sake of enriching it, but to assist that uniformly cool condition below ground that so much contributes to the general success in times of great heat and continued drought. As to progress in these plants, and especially in the perfecting both of spike and blossom, it would almost appear that the strain of cross-breeds known as gandavensis has reached the highest beauty. Indeed, in such self colours as salmon, salmon-scarlet, the true scarlets, and some others, this would appear true, while in such as white and yellow shades there would appear still room for work and improvement. The race or section of these plants, however, that is each year drawing more attention to itself is that known as the Lemoinei group, a set characterised by greater hardihood, and embracing a variety of colour unknown in the other section. The hooded character of the flowers, too, is by no means the least attractive feature of these kinds. E COLOURED PLATE PLATE 1278. HELONIOPSIS BREVISCAEPA. THIS is a pretty, low-growing plant introduced from Japan, having small leaves and racemes of almost squill-like flowers. It does not grow more than 6 inches to 8 inches high, and produces tufted leaves and racemes of palest lilac, or almost vchite, bell-shaped flowers. This Heloniopsis is quite hardy, and will be wel- comed by all growers of ha.rdy spring - flowering plants. This species was exhibited by Messrs. Barr and Sons, King Street, Covent Garden, before the Royal Horticultural Society on March 14 last, and was then given an award of merit by the floral committee. indeed can hardly exist. But even where there may be an abundance of water, very much of its usefulne.«s depends upon the facility with which it can be utilised. Where with plenty of water there is constant pressure and the hose can be always in use, great things in the direction of supplying needful moisture can be done. When, on the other hand, water has to be carried by tubs or cans, and often long distances to moisten crops, then is the labour most arduous ; indeed, is of the heaviest which gardeners are called upon to undertake. Waterings that are of a mere surface kind do little or no good. They may give to vegetation a temporary stimulus and help to generate roots which come to the surface in search of moisture. But mere surface waterings soon disappear under the influence of hot parching sunshine, so that the latter case of the plants is very often worse than the first. It may well be asked whether as a matter of cultural policy water- ing in such case had not better be omitted altogether. If soil has been, as all soils should be, deeply worked, it is far wiser to encourage the roots to go down deep in search of such moisture as the lower soil still affords, and this, too, out of reach of the scorching rays of the sun, rather than to attract them to remain near the surface by sparse water- ings that are so soon dried up. Whilst there are other good reasons why plants prefer deep soil to that which is shallow worked, none have greater force than is found in the capacity of roots to go deep down in search of moisture, and find it, too, when the surface soil is parched and dry. All experience also favours the contention that one thorough soaking of the soil is far more beneficial than are several mere surface waterings. When soil hasobeen deeply saturated it is not difficult to help to the retention of the moisture by surfacings with litter or manure, or even with dry, loose soil, as this latter, even if affording no plant nutriment as manure, will at least act as a mulch in inter- cepting the strong rays of sunshine, and thus prevent rapid evaporation. Although it is generally held that leaves have considerable capacity to absorb moisture from the atmo- sphere, yet let the air be ever so hot and dry it is surprising to see how leafage will remain firm and fresh when roots find moisture. When both air and soil are dry, then leafage suffers materially. Still, it is relatively easier to supply moisture to roots than to leafage, as soil may be made to retain this water lor some time, whilst leafage dries rapidly. But even in the hottest of weather, a'suruing that nights are of the ordinary character, noduubt considerable moisture is absorbed from the air by leafage then, as there is always some modicum of humidity available, as is evident by the way in which ffagging leafage will revive so soon as the rays of the sun are withdrawn. But whilst plants do derive benefit from atmospheric humidity more or less, it is certain that all derive very material benefit from soil moisture. It is from the soil and through the agency of roots alone that plant food is obtained, and we know that such food can only be obtained through the agency of minute roots hairs, in a highly soluble form, which is practically as liquid, so that where soil is very dry, not only water, but food is denied to plants. That roots have a remarkable searching power and can find moisture where none is apparent to human vision there can be no doubt. Nothing is more noticeable in that respect or more wonderful than is the way in which huge trees continue to leaf and grow year after year, even though the soil about them be hard baked, impervious, and apparently dry as dust. That condition of soil is often found in avenues, or woods, or where clumps of trees are dense, and there is scarcely any evidence of the presence of moisture. B. WATERING. WHEN seasons are of the ordinary mixed character and showers alternate with sunshine, the grave need there is for having plenty of water at disposal does not present itself. When, how- ever, month after month passes away, and in place of showers, cold nights or dry harsh winds alternate with hot, parching sunshine, then is it found that without liberal waterings crops cannot thrive, and ^^m^k^^^^' m ^ M m- ^y ^t^^''^-^-' %% ^■■^•- V^^-^: - Jr:..%^^ ■ THE WHITE HTBBID PBRPEinAL ROSE FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI AT OHESH0NT, 46 THE GARDEN. [July 22, 1905. GARD8NING FOR B8GINNSRS. SPRAYING POTATOES TO PREVENT DISEASE.— The Bordeaux Mixture is a preparation of copper sulphate and lime, and is not expensive. It has been stated that spraying on a large scale will cost from la. 6d. to lOi. per acre. Small garden plots may proportionately cost a little more, but to be really effeotire in saving a crop it is necessary that the spraying should be done in time; it must, in fact, be used as a preventive, beginning between the middle and end of July, and repeat once at least in August. To be effactive the mixture should be properly prepared, and to ensure this it is better to purchase the mixture from the manufacturing chemist, who has machinery for grinding and mixing. It is usually sold in tins or kegs at a moderate price, with full instructions for use upon various crops. If used as a preventive a weaker solution may eufiSoe. This mixture may be used upon any plants liable to be attacked by fungus. Planting Bulbs in Oraas. — Even in summer time, when the garden is full of flowers, it is necessary for the gardener to look forward and make preparations for another year, and those who wish for a good display of Daffodils and other spring flowers next year must soon think about planting, for now the sooner they are planted the better. The accom- panying illustration gives a good idea of how bulbs should be planted in grass land, in some wild comer of the garden where they produce delightful effects in spring time. There are in many gardens waste places that might be greatly beautified by the planting of a few bulbs. Or what more beautiful garden pic- ture can there be than an old orchard, with bulbs planted in drifts between the trees, when both bulbs and fruit trees are in flower. It is important to plant carefully, other- wise the best effdct will not be secured. It is gene- rally admitted that the best way to plant bulbs is as shown in the illustration, in long drifts, some- thing in the way that leaves are blown into drifts along road edges. For guidance in planting s-ticks might be placed at the ends of each drift and ropes laid to show the outside of the drifts, then two or three bulbs placed into a spade - out made within the ropes. Or the lines could be marked with a little whiting and water with a tennis court marker. If the whole turf is not raised the spade should make two cuts, then a V of turf and earth lifted would make a space to take two or three or more bulbs according to size. It is rather difficult to plant bulbs informally, and not easy to explain how to avoid regularity. Oae way is to throw the bulbs on the ground and plant them exactly where they fall. The middle of the group or drift should always be planted thickest ; the inner d its on the diagram will show what is meant. D.ffjdils have a poisonous quilily, and are generally avoided by cattle in pastures, but the dried leaves in hay are harmless. Summer Pruning. — This is a large business if fully carried out, and should be applied not only to wall trees and espaliers, but also to Rasp- berries and bush fruits. The thinning of the young wood of bush fruits and Raspberries will for the most part be completed, or, at least, be SIMPLE HINTS. well on the way. Red Currants are often on some soils attacked by aphides, and if the summer pruning is done before the insects spread over the bushes a clearance can easily be made and the fruit assisted to ripen at the same time. The flies always appear on the ends of the young shoots first, and work downwards, and if the summer pruning is d me before the attack is fully developed not much harm will follow, as the insects will be removed on the prunings and burnt. If not already done, the young canei of Rispberries should be thinned at once, removing, of course, the weakest, but leaving enough of the best-placed canes for next year's crop. Plums on walls and pyramids should be pruned now, shortening the shoots left, after a selection has been made for laying in a vacant place, to four leaves. It is not often that Plums make much growth after July unless they are cut hard back. Usually the crop of fruit steadies the growth, and the leaders and other shoots left for nailing in form sufficient outlets for energy. We usually begin upon the Pears and Apples towards the end of July. By that time the growth is getting firm, and if the trees are carrying any crop at all, the growing force, or a good deal of it, will DIAGRAM SHOWING GENERAL METHOD OF PLVNTINO BtTLES IN GRA.SS IN LONG DRIFTS. (Tfw hard miter line is only a guiding line to he temporarily ■inarked by rope.) be absorbed in the development of the fruit In leaving four or five buds or leaves there is still some openings for the sap ; at any rate, the bottom buds will not break into growth, and they also are building up fertility, and some of the lower buds will become flower-buds in the future. The Morello Cherry is treated after the manner of Peaches on walls, the crop being formed on the young wood of the previous year. At this season surplus shoots are removed, and the remainder nailed or tied in. Morello Cherries are sadly subject to black fly, but, if taken in time, this may easily be got rid of by dipping the ends of the shoots in an insecticide. Watering Outside in Summer. — The beginner very often makes mistakes in watering. He is told to give a good soaking, but the term is difficult to define, and many fail to grasp its meaning. The only safe course is to flood the site on which the plants are growing, so that all the roots may be made moist ; but this is often a heavy business, and he may reasonably avk if there is any alternative course. There are several alternatives, and the best, if we want to save labour in summer, is to deepen and improve the land in winter and work in manure. No land is worth much for gardening purposes till it has been broken up at least 2 fet*^! deep, and mide suitable for the roots to work in. If the sub-soil is bad, break it up and manure, but leave it there to improve, which it will do if well brol^en apd the air permitted to enter it. Another alter- native method is to mulch, or, in other words, to place a layer of manure on the surface. This is a great help in a dry time. And if the manure supply is too limited, which often happens, then u%e the hoe or the small fork to secure a couple of inches of loose soil. Very often hoeing is better than watering, especially if the water is given in driblets on the surface. Whoever has a dry hard soil, and the plants starving and stunted, should think this matter over, and they will come to the conclusion that the trenching and manuring should be well done. Layering Carnations. — July and August are the months for layering Carnations and similar plants. The knife must be sharp, and the hand which uses it should have delicacy of touch, so as to make the upward incision through the joint in the right manner, without doing too much or too little. These are important, but to ensure com- plete success small mounds of gritty soil should be placed round each plant, into which the layers should be firmly fixed with wire or wooden pegs. It is usual to shorten the ends of the grass, and the soil round the layers must be kept reasonably moist. For propagating pur- poses it is better to plant enough Carnations of each kind for stock purposes in a reserve bed, where the plants will not be so crowded as they usually are when used to fill beds in the lawn or in groups in the border. Any shoots which cannot easily be layered may be taken off and used as cuttings, inserting them in sandy soil under hand - lights. The young wood for layering should be ina medium condition, neither too old nor yet too soft. When the right joint for operating on has been selected, strip off the bottom leaves, make the incision in a slanting direction through the joint, so that the opening comes on the layer side and, when pegged down, will be partially open. This arrests the sap when descending in its usual course, granular matter is formed, and roots emitted in the course of a month or so. The plants can be moved in October or when ready. Budding Roses, Fruit Trees, Thorns, Almonds, tt-c. — The art and success of budding, to a large extent, consist in selecting the right time, and are largely influenced by the culture given to the stocks. If the soil is poor and the weather hot and dry there will be many failures. So well is this understood by good rosarians that the land for the stocks is heavily manured and the surface mulched, so that the young growths of the standard Briars, which are the most difficult to work, are well grown and retain their elasticity for some time. When the stocks are in the right condition and the bark works freely, there is no difficulty about budding if the wood from which the buds are taken is in the best and most elastic condition also. When the young wood is dry and hard it is better to wait till a change comes in the weather, or give the stocks a good soaking of water to hasten and stimulate the circulation, and when this takes place begin budding. Every exhibitor must bud Roses, simply because he will want the flowers from the maiden plants as well as from the cut-backs. Very often the maiden plants produce the finest blooms, and they also come later ; therefore, whoever hopes to get success E^t the sl^ows nius( bud as w^ll as bu.y. JiLY 22, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 47 The procesa of budding is very simple. The budding-knife is drawn in a straight line up the upper side of the branch, beginning near the stem, and running up about 2 inches. A trans- verse cut is made about half an inch from the upper bud. In all eases the knife only penetrates the outer bark, without disturbing the cambium or inner bark. The ivory or bone handle of the budding-knife will lift the bark, when the bud can be glided in and pushed home. The tying material may consist of ratBa or worsted or cotton, and the wood should be covered and the bud Srmly bound in position. The selection of the buds should really be done before the stocks are opened. The essential points are plump buds with enough elasticity in the bud lo permit of the extraction of the wood without injury to the " eye " or centre of the bud. There ia no advantage in having a very large shield of birk. Three-quarters of an inch is enough, with the bud placed in the centre. Do as much as possible of the budding in showery weather and dull, sunless days ; mornings and evenings also can be utilised. Bad the standard Briars first and the dwarfs later, as moist bark can always be found by removing a little soil at the base. The curious in suoli matters may be interested in budding two or more varieties on one stock, but they should be of equal growth. Weeping Trees. — These on the lawn or near its margin always give character to a place. There is much variety among them now. Some of the most effective are the Weeping Birch {Young's variety). Weeping Elm, Lime White Weeping, Cherry Weeping Mahaleb, Weeping Ash, Beech Purple Weeping, and the Weeping Willows on the margins of lakes, or near water. The trees should be obtained in the form of tall standards and planted in good soil. Winter Sphiach — Very few sow enough winter Spinach, and waste the seeds by sowing too thickly. If the ground has been freshly dug over, time should be given to settle or some pressure brought to bear by treading or rolling, as the plants stand the winter best in rather firm ground. If the ground from which early Potatoes are lifted was properly prepared last winter. Spinach may be sown upon it, after giving a dressing of soot lightly forked in. Draw drills 1 foot apart and 1 inch deep, and thin the plants when large enough to 6 inches apirt. It is wise to make at least two sowings, the first between July 20 and the end of the month, and the second about the middle of August. The last will stand the winter well, and be exceedingly valuable in spring. The prickly seeded variety is mostly sown, but once running short of seed of the prickly kind, I sowed the round-leaved variety, and it did very well. I sometimes think in this and other respects we are too much bound up in precedent. The same idea occurs anent winter Onions ; the books say sow Tripoli or Lisbon Onions for winter, but other sorts do equally well. Many years ago to escape the ravages of the Onion maggot I commenced sowing White Spanish, James' Keeping, and other kinds of Onions in the first week in August, and found it answered. Now we generally sow Onions in boxes under glass in January, and plant out when ready, and only sow Onion.s outside for drawing young. Gooseherries for Dessert. — Small Gooseberries are not cared for much. The large ones, when well ripened, are superior, ai.d, what is most important, retain their flavour longer after they are ripe, but it is essential, to obtain good flavour, that the bush should be summer pruned, or, in other words, that the young wood should be thinned in time to let the sunshine in to ripen the fruit. This at the same time ripens the wood, so that, no matter how trained, the trees always bear well. The following dozen are all good for dessert: Pitmaston Greengage, White- ■ mith, Industry, Leader, Speedwell, Venus, Green Gascoigue, Keen's Seedling, Ironmonger, Broom Girl, Crown Bob, Warrington, and Keep- sake. Every fruit tree grower stocks the best Gooseberries now, so there will be no trouble to get them. Gooseberries for Exhibition. — Size and weight aloneare considered in this class, and though a good deal depends upon the cultivation, it is necessary that the largest and heaviest fruiting varieties should be grown. Some years ago I paid a visit to a big Gooseberry exhibitor. His bushes were models of thinning and training, and under each bush were pans of water, so that vapour might constantly rise among the berries. The follow- ing are good exhibition varieties: Dan's Mistake, Flixtonia, Slaughterman, Telegraph, London, Drill, Catherina, King of Trumps, Freedom, and Antagonist. Nepeta Mussini. — Might I suggest that some day you find a few spare lines in your " Garden- ing for Beginners' " page to notice a plant which I think amateurs neglect — Nepeta violacea? 1 cannot claim any credit for possessing it. My florist made a mistake, but having got it I do not want to lose it. It blooms nearly all summer, is a perfect mass of blue, is always neat and tidy, never suffers from insects, ia easy to increase by division but does not become a weed, and is very good for cutting ; in fact, I think it is one of the most graceful things one can grow. Sprays arranged in vases with white Pinks form a charming table decoration. People who scoff at plants which require no coddling may call this a weed, but we amateurs want plants which will look after themselves. The bees are very fond of this Nepeta. — Or.ivEK T. Bryant. [The plant meant is probably Nepeta Mussini, a native of the Caucasus. It has been in cultivation for a long time, and is figured in one of the early volumes of the Botanical Magazine, t. 923. Very free growing, it is a suitable plant for old walls and such-like places, where it will continue to bloom for a long time during the summer. In the border, also, it makes a neat, bushy plant under 1 foot high, covered with a long succession of flowers. — Ed.] GARDENING OF THE WEEK. FLOWER GARDEN. ROS ES.— Look over Ayrshire, cluster, and single Roses going out of bloom, cutting out spent flowering shoots and weak growths. Secure strong shoots to their supports, and give a heavy syringing with an approved insecticide to destroy aphis and red spider, and keep a sharp look out for caterpillars. Many of the Teas, Hybrid Teas, Noisettes, and some of the earlier Hybrid Perpetuals will also be benefited by similar treatment as to pruning and cleaning, and if dry apply water copiously and feed liberally, thus encouraging the production of a full autumnal crop of bloom. Nymph^as.— These are now at their best. Go over them occasionally to pick out dead blooms and decaying and damaged leaves, and keep the ponds free of weeds. I tlnd goldfish, especially the golden auk, excellent for keeping down Confervro in stagnant water, for they keep the surface constantly agitated, but have the drawback of causing clear water to become dark. Aponogeton dis- tachyon is a beautiful water plant, but avoid planting it in Nymphaea ponds, for it seeds and germinates so freely that it soon overruns the whole, and becomes a pest. Plant it either in a pond by itself or in conjunction with other aquatics which associate and harmonise better with it than Water Lilies do. Pull out the decayed spathes of Richardias. They form noble groups in shallow water. The Rock Gardes is now gay with its varied occu- pants. Keep all quite clean, tolerating neither weeds, decayed blooms, nor foliage, and attend to the various requirements of the plants in watering, shading, (fee. The Wild Garden. —Strong-growing subjects will require copious supplies of water at this season to keep up the vigour of the plants and to build up strong growths, bulbs, or crowns, as the case may be, for another year .A.t alternate waterings give good doses of liquid manure or an occasional dressing of artificial manure and rich mulchings. Grub up coarse weeds and grasses, and run the scythe lightly over the rougher portions now and then, but do not aim at the trimness so essential on lawns and parterres adjoiDing the dwelling. At the same time maintain order and cleanliness everywhere. If treated on natural lines this part of a garden is very interesting over a long season. Bamboos. — Most of the Bamboos that have flowered so freely this year are again brightening up and assuming a more cheerful green aspect. B. Simoni has presented a brown and withered appearance here for some time, hut even it at last has a shimmer of green over it. Brench with water occasionally. Conifers. — Free-growing single specimens should be watched and kept evenly balanced by nipping in a gross shoot wherever necessary, and if the leaders have through any cause been lost, they must be replaced hy a strong and well-placed side branch, tying it on to the tiend leader, or if that be not available, fix a stake by tying firmly a little down the stem and allowing it to overtop the tree 2 feet or so, and tie the prospective leader to it. Hyacinths, Tulips, Daffodils, &c., which were heeled in at bedding time will now be well matured, and should be sorted and stored in dry cupboards until the planting season comes round again. The Cktrdens, Tan-y-inolch, North Wales. J. Roberts. INDOOR GARDEN. Persian Cyclamens.— Shake off most of the soil from the old corms and repot into the same size or a little smaller pot, according to the size of the corm and the pot it is in at present. Place in a cold pit or frame, keep clo?e and shaded till growth begins, when air may be admitted gradually. Syringe morning and evening. The m^st forward of the seedlings can be fully exposed when the weather is favourable. Vapourise with XL All at intervals to keep down the attacks of aphis and thrip. Fbeksias. — Shake out and grade the bulbs, selecting some of the best for potting ud at once. Use a compost of two-thirds loam, one-third leaf-mould and decayed manure, adding plenty of sand. Eight to ten bulbs are suflacient for a 6-inch pot. Place in a cold frame, shade till growth begins, giving only sufficient water to keep the soil moist. If preferred the pots may be plunged in coal ashes or cocoauut fibre. The bulbs not required for potting at present can be stored in old dry soil or cocoa- nut fibre in a cool shed till it is time to pot up another batch for succession. Campanulas.- Seedling C. pyramidalis are ready for potting into 6-inch or 6-inch pots. The soil should be fairly rich to encourage strong growth. Coniinue to feed the plants coming into flower liberally, as they like a rich soil. Stake and tie any of the growths the least likely to get broken by heavy storms of rain or wind. Give liquid manure also to the baskets of C. isopbylla and its varieties. If the plants growing in pots cannot be allowed to hang down, support the growths with a few pieces of stick from an old birch broom. Cinerarias. — The varieties it is necessary to grow from suckers or cuttings having been cut down to within 6 inches or 9 inches of the pot are throwing up freely. Insert the cuttings in light sandy soil and place in the propagating frame. The suckers can be potied up singly in small pots, keeping the frame close for a few days, when they can be treated similarly to the seedlings. For preference they should be placed in a frame having a northern aspect. General Remarks.— Remove all flower-buds as they appear from the zonal Pelargoniums for winter flowering. Take out the points of the shoots occasionally to en- courage the production of short sturdy growth and well- shaped plants. Insert cuttings of Acalyphas. Pot on a few of the best Francoas, as they go out of flower for specimen plants another year. The earlier plants of Chinese Primulas are ready for 5-inch and 6-inch pots. Give ample ventilation as soon as the plants are rooting freely in the new soil ; if this is not done the plants are apt to become drawn. Allow plenty of room between the plants, and keep near the glass. Damp overhead morning and evening during bright weather. Give the Egg plant^ (Solanum Melongena) and S. integrifolia the final shift. Use a rich soil and pot only moderately firm. Sow seeds of Begonia semperfiorens and insert cuttings of such sorls as Curbeille de Feu, B. knowsleyana, B. Dregei, ifec, for flowering in late winter and early spring. At this season, owing to the heat, the flowers in the conservatory soon fade, necessitating constant changing of the plants. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. A. Osborn. FRUIT GARDEN. Late Vines.— The most important work among late Vines now is maintaining a suitable atmosphere. Here we have had a long spell of hot weather. The chief ofgect has been to keep the houses as cool as possible, consistent with a congenial atmosphere. At this time of year late houses should never be closed unless the weather is very unfavourable. Increase the ventilation early in the morning, continuing to do so as the outside temperature rises till the ventilators are wide open. Frequently damp down all available spaces in the house. If the borders have not been mulched, this should be no longer delayed, so that the berries receive the benefit of it before they commence to colour. Rich farmyard manure is an excellent dressing for Vines. This should be thoroughly washed in at once. Do not allow laterals to ramble too far before stopping, but remember that late Grapes require a good covering of healthy foliage. To encourage root action the leading shoots may be allowed more freedom. The varieties Lady Downes' Seedling, Lady Butt, and Muscat of Alexandria are very sul'ject to scaldii g of the berries and foliage. To avoid this, lightly shade them. Weak lime wash syringed over the glass will answer the purpose. In some localities a deal of trouble is cGUsed ly mildew, which if not quickly dealt with will spread all 48 THE (iAKDEJN. [July 22, 1905. OTer the house, doing very serious damage. The best remedy 13 to dust the affected paits with fli^wers of sulphur. Avoid a stagnant atmospliere, unhealty borders, and dryness at the roots. These are conditions under which mildew will thrive. "Winter Tomatoes.— For obtaining a supply of fruits during the dull months of January and February seeds should be sown at once. Winter Beauty and Frogmore Selected are good sorts for this purpose. A light airy structure must be devoted to them if succeas is to be assured. Grow the plants as near the glass as possible, thus encouraging a sturdy habit. Do not let the plants suffer for want of repotting when they require it. Pots a size less than usual will be most suitable for this batch. Cucumbers.— A batch of plants should now be raised for auDumn supply. Dickson's All the Year Round is an excellent variety for autumn and winter use. The house should be thoroughly cleansed, and every crevice should be saturated with boiling water to destroy woodlice and other vermin. A hot-bed will be necessary on which to grow this batch. It should be well fermented and in readiness to receive the ymng plants when they are large enough to put out. Continue to encourage old plants to fruit by adding a little rich material to the surface as roots appear. Attend frequently to stopping and regulating the shoots. Use the syringe freely morning and afternoon. If red spiiier is present use an insecticide, and shade during the hottest part of the day. E. HAKRISS. Fruit Department, Royal Gardens, Windsor. ORCHIDS. Ctprifediums.— The present is a good time to overhaul the section uf Cypripediums which require the greatest degreeof warmth, viz., C. Stonei, C. Pdri3hii,C. l.-evigatum, C. pnestans, C. Curtisii, C. rothschildianura, C. lawrence- anum, C. chamberlainianum, C. sanderianum, C. argus, C. ciliolare, &c., also a great number of hybrids which are far too numerous to enumerate in a weekly calendar. The majority of these Cypripediums have now recovered from the effects of flowering, and are making considerable progress with tlieir new growths. They should be examined to see if any of them require additional pot room, or if it is desirable to increase the stock of any particular variety. Gfiod-sized specimens may be divided into four or more portions. When placed in a suitable temperature nearly all of these Cypripediums grow fast, and quickly fill their pots with roots, therefore those who wish for strong flowering plants should, when repotting them, afford plenty of pot room for the proper develop- ment of both roots and growths. Pots two sizes larger are not too much for strong healthy growing plants. When repotting Cypripediums it is not necessary to raise them above the rim of the pots, as they will get on equally as well if potted just below the rim so as to allow a good space for watering. The pots used should be about half full of drainage, and for the larger specimens a compost consisting of rough fibrous peat, loam, aud sphagnum moss in about equal parts, adding some broken pieces of brick or crocks to keep the soil free and porous. Mix the whole thoroughly well together. For the smaller plants use peat and moss in equal parts, with small crocks and a little silver sand. For a few weeks after repotting keep the compost on the surface just moist, but when the plants are re-established and are well rooted a thorough watering is required at least once a week, and on no account should they ever be allowed to get really dry. When closing the house each afternoon Cypripediums delight in a gentle sprinkling overhead with clear tepid soft water, but not so heavy as to till the growths with water, or it may remain low down in the centres and in the axils of the leaves aud caupe them to decay. Place the plants on the shady side of the house, and well up to the roof g'ass, and if possible where tliey may obtain plenty of light without actual sunshine in order to prevent the young growths aud leaves from being drawn up thin and weakly. In the Catti.kva or iNTf-^RMEDlATE HOUSES there may also he a few species or hybrids which require similar attention. The rareC. superbiens (Veitchii) grows very well in the Cattleya house. When grown in strong heat the foliage of this fine species is often disfigured by thrips. It will not thrive if exposed to the least clear sunshine; the leaves quickly chiinge to a sickly yellow tinge. C. callosum and its variety Sanrierre may also be repotted now. A SPLENDID Orchid now in bloom is Oncidium macranthum. It is a plant that, owing to the very long spikes and numerous large flowers, very quickly feels the effects of over-flowering. To preserve the plant and keep it alive, it is aivisable to remove the spikes soon after the flowers are fully open. It is a cool-growing and moisture- loving species, and at this season, while in bloom and as the new growths advance, it should be kept well watered. All The ThunivS have now done flowering, and the plants should be placed in a light, airy greenhouse, where they will consolidate their growth and gradually lose their leaves, and until these commence to change colour the plants require to be watered. After being in the green- house a short time some growers place the plants out of doors in a sheltered position but In full sunshine, and with very favourable results. Bur/ord Gardens, Dorking. W. H. Whteb. KITCHEN GARDEN. WATERING BRASSICAS, LEEKS, AND CELERY.— All yOUUg plants uf this kind must be kept well supplied with water, a'? any approach to dryness gives their growth a check, from which they never afterwards fully recover. The evening ii by far the best time to give the plants water, and after this has been provided let a little dry Boil be sprinkled around the base of each plant to prevent the cracking of the soil next day ; the sprinkling uf dry soil will also aid in preventing evaporation in bright weather. Dutch Hoeing, constant stirring of the surface soil between the rows of recently-planted Brussels Sprouts, Cauliflower, Cabbages, &c., will always repay the culti- vator, especially should the weather be bright and dry. By means of the hoe the surface is kept open and weeds are checked. While the operation Is being performed, however, great care must be exercised in seeing that no soil is pushed into the centres of the young plants. The soil must be stirred close up to the neck of each plant, but without injuring stem or foliage. In many instances more harm than good has resulted from careless hoeing. Broad Beans— These should now have their tops cut off, thus hastening the maturity of the fruits, and having been shortened a little the plants are not so apt to be laid on the ground after heavy rains. Those sown some time ago should have the surface soil stirred up with the Dutch hoe, and a little earth drawn up to their haulms, picking up every weed as the work proceeds. Weeds loosened with either Dutch or draw hoe appear to seed as freely afterwards as if they had never been disturbed, the disturbance apparently aiding in scattering them about, especially in dry weather. Herbs.— Beds of these now want attention ; should dry weather prevail watering must not be neglected. Weeds must also be carefully searched for among close-growing foliage, for they exhaust the soil. The present is a good time to dry herbs for winter use. Basil, Marjoram, Sage, Thyme, «£c., should be cut, if ready, and be dried in some shady place ; any place where the glare of the sun is excluded will answer the purpose. After being properly dried they may be carefully placed in paper bags, each kind labelled and hung up in the fruit room, to be in readiness when wanted. Where seeds of Anglica are in request for flavouring purposes flowering shoots must be supported and weaklings drawn out, so that the best spikes may have light and air to mature their seeds. Borage may also be supported with a few short Pea-stake twigs flxed around each plant to keep them in proper position. Keep alleys free from weeds or straying herb plants by means of the Dutch hoe. Spinach.— A good sowing of this fine summer vegetable should uowbe made on ri 'h and deeply-cultivated ground. No vegetable responds more readily to good cultivation than Spinach, and none presents a more starved aud un- satisfactory appearance when grown on poor soil. Allow more room between the rows for this sowing than for f irmer ones, as it remains on the ground until late summer, and will consequently need more light and air. Sutton's Round Spinach is a variety which, under good cultivation, stands a long time before showing symptoms of running to seeri. J. Jeffeet. The Gardens, St. Mary's Isle, Kirkcudbright. THE FRUIT GARDEN. INT M NEW STRAWBERRIES. ESSRS. LAXTON of Bedford are this season sending out two new Strawberries — Laxton'e Reward and the Bedford Champion ; indeed, under this heading I can also include the new Lax- ton's Latest, as this variety was only recently given an award of merit by the Royal Horticultural Society. Messrs. Laxton kindly sent me plants for trial in October, 1903, so that after two season's growth by the side of older varie- ties I am able to note their merits. For years I have in these pages urged the importance of getting new Strawberries with the excel- lent Queen flavour, but with more vigour, also a later fruit with the free growth of the older Royal Sovereign. Bedford Champion. — This was given an award of merit on the 4th inst. by the fruit committee of theRoyalHorticultural Society, and it was well worthy of it, as on a thin, light, dry soil it crops freely. This new fruit may be considered too big, but so far, when sending fruit for dessert, I have not heard any complaints, for the good reason that the quality is excellent. Bedford Champion is well named. It is a good colour and a great cropper ; the fruits are roundish and aoarlet- crimson, solid, and the leaves are not unlike those of Royal Sovereign, the plant throwing up a strong truss. It closely follows the last-named in ripening, so that it may be called a midseason variety. I have not forced it yet, but intend doing so next year, as I am much impressed with its free growth this season. Laxton's Reward comes next, and this is very distinct. The fruit is not the same shape as Bedford Champion, being more wedge-like. It is the result of crossing Royal Sovereign and British Qaeen. It is not a late Strawberry, but a grand fruit for main crop supplies, with a good deal of the old Qaeen flavour. The flesh is red inside, solid, and a bright crimson outside. The plant is a free grower and sets its fruit well, there being an absence of small fruits, so that Reward may be classed as a splendid dessert variety, and one that will take the highest place for that purpose. Messrs. Laxton do well to use the old British Queen in their hybridising, and, by using a free grower like Royal Sovereign, they will doubtless have overcome the weak points in the old plant by getting greater vigour without loss of quality. This variety received an award of merit last year from the Royal Horticultural Society. Laxton's Latest comes next, and in shape is not unlike Bedford Champion, but is a much later fruit. Here I think we have a great gain, as we have none too many really good late Strawberries, and the new one will become a great favourite. Though not as late as some may desire, it is a very excellent fruit, and, grown on a cool site, will be most valuable for trial purposes. Under a number I grew it on a south border, and even then it came in with Litest of All, so that it will be seen it is very late, the last-named being grown on a north border. This fruit is the result of crossing Latest of All and Waterloo, and it is a dark crimson of rich flavour and a free grower. The latter point is often wanting in late kinds. The foliage is good, and the plant much stronger than Latest of All. It is a good cropper, so that it will be a most profitable variety. This also received an award of merit on July 12, 1904, and will doubtless gel a higher award when better known. G. Wythks. A GOOD LATE PRESERVING RASP- BERRY-SEMPER FIDELIS. Some Rispberries are better for preserving than others, and the one named above is specially y /,' '■^^mm MEW STRAWBERRY -HXTON'8 BKOFORDSHIUB CHAMPION. (Xnliiral S'ze.) July 22, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 49 meritorious for the parpoae named, and also for stewing orcompotea. This variety is not so much grown in the north as the western and midland parts of the kingdom ; indeed, it is not catalogued by many fruit growers, but it is well worth cultivation where fruit is required for preserving. I do not recommend it for dessert, as there are sweeter fruits. Semper Fidelis being of a slightly acid nature, a rich scarlet berry, which, when cooked, is a beautiful bright colour. What makes it more valuable is that it is a late continuous cropper and a very free grower, in this respect being superior to others. I think we may with advantage give such fruits as are valuable for cooking or keeping more room in the garden, as we get more value from such fruits at a peaaon when choice sorts are scarce. Semper Fidelis is a great favourite with those who make a point of having excellent preserves in the winter season, but even when in a cooked state at this season it is excellent, because of its fine colour and rich flavour. G. Wythes. TO ANSWERS CORRESPONDENTS. RULES FOR CORRESPONDENTS. Questions and AnavrePB.—The Editor intends to make THE GARDEN helpful to all readers who desire assistance, no matter what the branch of gardening may be, and with that object will make a special feature of the "Answers to Correspondents" column. All com/mwnica- tions should be clearly and concisely written on one side of the paper only, and addressed to the Editor of The Garden, 5, Southampton Street, Strand, London. Letters on business should be sent to the PUBLISHEB. The nwme and address of the sender are required in addition to any designation he nwty desire to be used in the paper. When m^re than one query is sent, each should be on a separate piece of paper. Legal Points. — We are prepared to answer questions of law which have anything to do with the subject of gardening aiid forestry. The questions should be as clear and explicit as possible, so that there can be no doubt as to the point of the question. Answers will be found in a separate column headed "Legal Points." CcjcUMBERS Diseased {K. M. Hall). — Your beat plan will be to try and keep the plants in bearing as long as possible if they are fruiting. To do this you should keep the house dry (the disease spreada rapidly in a moist atmosphere) and airy in the hope of checking the disease. You may syringe the house and the plants with a solution of potassium sulphide, 2az. to 3 gallons of water, adding 2oz. of soft soap. Jeyes' Fluid should also be used on the paths. These measures will not kill the disease, but they will tend to prolong the life of the plants. If your plants are only young ones and are already attacked by the disease, you had better pall them up and burn them. Every bit of soil ought to be taken out of the house and replaced with fresh, or burn the old before using again. When the house is empty burn sulphur in it several times so as to kill any germs. The fumes are dangerous, so you must not, of course, remain in the house. Sulphur is conveniently burnt by being sprinkled upon hot coke placed in a flower-pot. Get seed from a fresh source — some good seedsman — and you will probably have good results. This disease is very diflScult to stamp out ; strong measures must be taken, lb would be wise to grow another crop in the house before Cucumbers are planted again. Steawberries Inb-«,sted with Snails {Ama- teur).— During the last four years there has been a great increase of slugs all over Britain, accord- ing to the statement of the Board of Agriculture, and they have become a serious pest in many gardens. The greatest natural enemies of sluj^s are birds, especially thrushes, blackbirds, and t tarlings. Toads also eat slugs and snails largely. The best thing to do is to use dry dressings of some irritant to kill them, as soot and lime, salt and lime, lime and caustic soda. The lime should be in a very finely divided state and quite fresh. Two or three dressings should be given, the second some fifteen to thirty minutes after the first. Lime and caustic soda acts best ; four parts of caustic soda to ninety-six of lime, well mixed. Dry dressings should be applied very early in the morning. Land that is thoroughly foul with slugs should be treated with gas lime, and in the winter deeply trenched. Diseased Potato Top (Bridgnorth). — It is quite impossible to determine why one Potato plant, 4 feet in height, tops of which are sent, should show the blackened condition of leaves that is here seen. It is quite possible that the tuber from which the plant grew contained when planted nesting spores of the Phytophthora infestans fungus, that have but now become active, and the mycelium of which has passed through the sap cells into the leaves, and thus produced the blackened appearance seen. It would have been wise had you gathered and destroyed all the blackened tops of the plants at once to prevent the creation of spores, which increase with wonderful rapidity. If not done, do so at once, and burn the leaves. Also, as we have so often described its preparation, spray or gently syringe the tops of all your Potato plants with a solution of sulphate of copper and lime (Bordeaux mixture) at once, and again a fortnight later. The blackened leaves resemble a frost scorch rather than an attack of the ordinary Potato disease. Growing Certain Orchids (/. R. K.). — A very suitable compost for Miltonia cuneata, Cattleya Trianae, and C. Mosei^ consists of two- fifths good fibrous peat, two-fifths good chopped sphagnum moss, and one-fifth leaf-soil, not too decomposed, and mixed well together with a sprinkling of small crocks and coarse sand. In each case a good drainage should be afforded, especially to Miltonia cuneata. The pot should be nearly half filled with the rhizomes from thf peat, which should have been sterilised and placed over a few crooks. Pot moderately firm, keeping the compost low enough to allow of a surfacing of chopped sphagnum moss. The plants should stand on a stage covered with cocoa fibre refuse or on inverted pots. When the new growth on the Cattleya is completed water can be withheld to a large degree, only affording enough to prevent shrivelling till the flower-buds show in the sheath. At all times they should become moderately dry before giving more water. Miltonia cuneata always requires careful water- ing, and when the new growths have flowered, very little water will sulEce till they start again into growth. The compost for Dendrobium devonianum should consist of equal parts of chopped peat and sphagnum. Give a thorough drainage, and use a proportionately small receptacle. Suspend in a hot humid house when making its growth, and water freeiy. When growth is completed a somewhat cooler and dryer house will be best. Remove all aerial growths, and pot them off separately. Diseased Strawberries {Craig). — The Straw- berries were a mass of mildew, and this is caused in various ways, the most frequent one being crowding, and once the fungi or disease is present it spreads rapidly when the weather favours its growth. Some varieties of Strawberries are worse than others in this respect, and it also occurs more in enclosed areas and when there is rain after a protracted drought or warm weather. You say your plants are cropping freely and the young plants are quite tree, whereas older ones are badly attacked. Here is the secret of the matter. The young plants have less top or foliage, and are moie exposed ; the older ones more crowded, and so soon suffer when the weather is unfavourable. Our advice is to give more room between the plants if you can, say, a yard between the rows and half that distance between the plants. It is not the mulching, though excess in this way adds to the mischief, as it retains the damp. You say they are much worse where at all thick with foliage. This shows that more room is needed. You appear to have given good cultivation, with the result that they are growing freely and need more room. You would find it an advantage, if room is at all short, to plant a portion every year and destroy one. By this means you would hive younger plants, larger fruit, and freedom from mildew, as after the second crop you would not keep the plants. Irises in Tuef {F. J.). — Much depends upon this one thing — Is it "turf" or woodland pasture grass ? The two differ materially, the former is greatly consolidated by years of rolling and the like, which render it more or less unsuitable as a permanent place for plants, even of a vigorous type. On the other hand, the rougher grass of the woodland is in a more or less virgin state, and the growth of many plants is not only capable of piercing through the turf, but the bulbs and roots below ground have better opportunities tor future development. Take up the turf over an irregular area, turn up the lower soil with a fork, roughly level the ground, arrange the bulbs thinly and cover 4 inches deep or so, finally relaying or, better still, replacing but one-half the turf lifted, and this in small patches the size of the hand. In certain instances, near the dwelling for example, this question of the turf may require modification, but even here we do not advise relaying whole turves in the ordinary way, because the resistance is too great for the plants below. A good deal depends upon circumstances, too, in these matters, and the nature of the subsoil in particular. We give you these hints for general guidance, and now come to the questions you submit. Treated aa above the bulbous Irises named may be good for from one to three years, and they are longer-lived and more inclined lo be perpetual in rather heavy soils if well drained. Many Flag Irises would do ouite well, also Iris aurea, I. Monnieri, and others near akin to Iris sibirica in wet positions. Species of Tulips and Darwin Tulips with the more vigorous of the Gesner forms would all be excellent for tome time, preferably in the drier positions and where deep soil is at hand. Oiher good things are the Fritillarias, Alatroemerias, Camassias, Muscaris, Daffodils, Anemones, Eremuri, Dog's-tooth Violets, Chionodoxa, &c. Rose Rust {A. P.). — The name of the Rose rust is CJredo rosce. It is a most troublesome fungus, and it may be said to be universal throughout Europe. It is recommended that the plants which have auffared from the disease should be drenched in early spring before growths expand with a solution of copper sulphate in water, and the soil also may be saturated. RhODODENDKONS from CnTTINGS {E. M. H ). — Cuttings of the different hardy Rhododendrons are not at all easy to strike, and your greatest probability of success will be to take the cuttings now, forming them entirely of the current season's shoots, pulling them from their base by means of a side twist rather than cutting them. By now the shoots will be partially ripened, and in this condition they are more likely to root than in any other. If there are only a few cuttings they had better be put in pots, a nice size for the latter being 5 inches in diameter. They must be quite clean, and drained with broken crocks to one-third of their depth, the remainder being made up of peat and silver sand passed through a sieve with a quarter of an inch mesh. It is necessary to press this down very firmly, and in dibbling in the cuttings take especial care that they are made very secure, particularly juat at the base. These must then be placed in a frame kept quite close and shaded when necessary, and in 50 THE GARDEN. rJuLY 22, 1905. addition the cuttings within the frame should also be covered with a hand-light or bell-glasses, thus keeping as much air from them as possible. Even under the most favourable conditions these cuttings will not root till next spring is well advanced, by which time it is probable there will not be many left alive, for, as above stated, they do not root at all readily, but by following the course above indicated we have rooted a few. The mode of propagation adopted in nurseries for the increase of the garden varieties of Rhodo- dendrons is to graft them on to seedling stocks of Rhododendron pontioura, but this is a matter that requires experience and various appliances to carry out successfully. With regard to the appaarance of the pink variety, it may possibly be a sport, or the ponticums may perhaps have been originally grafted, but by neglect have out- grown the scions, which have in most cases perished, the pink one above alluded to being the sole survivor. Cherries Falling Off [John Ekins). — The small Cherry fruits sent have not properly "stoned," that is to say, the stone has not formed. As a consequence, instead of developing when the stoning period is over, as they should do, they fall off. They mast probably had a check to growth in an early stage. This may have been due to dryness at the root or to an attack of red spider. We should say that the former is primarily responsible, and the latter may have contributed to the failure. The leaves and fruits have every appearance of having suffered from want of moisture. We are afraid that little or nothing can now be done to save the fruits. You might keep the tree well syringed every evening after a hot day, and keep the roots thoroughly well supplied with water. It is most important to attend to these matters when the young fruits are forming, and next spring and Harly summer you should take care that both leaves are well syringed and the roots well supplied with water. Give a mulch of well- decayed manure. That would also help now. Diseased Pea Haui.m [J. H. Birday). — The season for culinary Peas so far has been all one could desire. We never remember fuller crops, but the growths sent are very poor indeed; we will help you if possible to prevent its recurrence another season. It is not the season which is at fault, and as you suffared the same way last year it is evident that the culture is wrong. The seeds were sown early in May, and they appear for a time to have made a fair growth and then collapsed, and in ground that hid.grown Straw- berries. Was the ground well prepared? This is important. We mean was it deeply dug, and what kind of manure was used, and if some time in advance of sowing ? You say the ground was trenched, and this was right ; but we also think the seeds were sown much too close. In good land each seed should have room to develop ; lake the S^feet Pea for a guide. A few years ago the seed was sown like Mustard and Cress. The result was the flowers were small and poor. Given ample room the plants produce grand flowers, and the same results follow culinary Peas Given room the results are much better. We do not think moulding would prevent the flagging ; the roots are quite rotten. Are you sure there are no wireworms in your soil that would cause the injury? Please carefully examine; if so, dress the land in winter with lime. White Banksian Rose Blighted [J. E. M ). We are inclined to think that you have the ."purious form of white Banksian, as we have never known the true double very fragrant variety to take mildew. There is a white form named Fortuneii, which has a few spines or thorns upon its growths, and the flowers are much larger than those of the true Bmkiia alha. This latter is perfectly smooth wooded. We mention this because it miy to some extent explain the appear- ance of the mildew. Bit as you say the plant loses its leaves during early summer, it is evident the roots are not happy. Doubtless they have reached an uncongenial subsoil, which is the cause of the roots failing to act, consequently growth is arrested and leaves fall. We should advise you next October to dig a trench around the plant, and of such a depth as to allow you to undermine the roots without disturbing them too much. The subsoil could then be removed and a good cartload of nice fresh compost added. This should consist of three parts loam, one part well- decayed manure, and a fair sprinkling of half-inch bones. Should you find the subsoil wet and sour you could place some rough stones or clinkers beneath the plant before placing in the new soil. The trench that you have opened in a semi-circle fashion could then be filled up with good soil, using the best of that first removed with any other good material available. Many a de- crepit Rose upon a wall or arch could be given a fresh lease of life if taken in band as advised above — of course, carrying out the work during the resting period. Although the Banksian Roses are tender, they certainly ought to thrive in the aspect you have given your specimen. A good syringing with carbolic soap solution would keep the fly in subjection, and it would also check mildew. Syringe well in the evening. Land for Violets (J?. M. Birtdl). — On land composed of a mixture of gravel and sand it would be impossible to grow Violets successfully without a very liberal addition of manure, leaf- soil, or peat. With these additions the lacd could be made suitable, but the expense, we fear, would be too heavy, and the experiment would be likely to end in loss. As regards the clay land, this is going from one extreme to the other, but we would prefer to deal with this soil rather than the other, provided it is well drained and it is possible to procure Eome opening raateriaU cheap in the neighbourhood by which it can be aerated and lightened. We mean such materials as road scrapings, ashes, and manure. Even with a liberal application of these materials it would take a long time to produce a friable, easy working soil, and we do not think the prospeci of flowering Violets for sale on such land holds out any great hope of success. But why select these extremes in soils ? Far better would it bt- to select a bit of land with soil of good depth and moderately heavy texture, such as is to be found in the neighbourhood of Slough or Iver in Bucks. If our correspondent has little or no practical knowledge of the subjact, she had better by far secure the assistance of a competent man to help her in the selection of the land. It may make all the diflference between success and failure in the end. Growing Malmaison Carnations (Miss D.). These should be layered about the middle of July or a week or so later, the operation being best carried out in the following manner : Take an ordinary garden frame and plunge the plants that have done flowering therein in a porous compost made up of loam, leaf-mould, fiut charcoal, and coarse silver sand. The plants should be plunged at a sufficient distance apart to allow of layering being carried out. Then select the shoots for layering and thin out any weak ones. The others must have the lower leaves stripped off; then with a sharp knife cut through a joint and peg the layer into the soil at the incision, pressing the compost firmly around each layer. They must be shaded from bright sunshine, and great care is necessary in applying water to them. This necessitates keeping them in a frame, otherwise heavy rains would soon cause injury. In three weeks or a little more they will be sufficiently rooted to pot up into 4-inch pots, which must be quite clean, dry, and thoroughly drained. A suitable compost may be made up of two or three parts of loam, according to its consistency, one part leaf-mould, and one part rough silver sand and crushed charcoal. A slight dusting of soot in the compost is also bdneficialv The layers should be taken up with a good amount of soil adhering to the roots, which are very delicate ; hence in potting, which must be done very firmly, great care is necessary. A small stake should be used to support each plant, and then a good watering must be given through a fine rose in order to settle everything in its place. After this especial care must be exercised in watering till the roots are active, but in all stages Malmaison Carnations are very quickly injured by an excess of moisture at the roots. When potted the plants should be stood on a firm ash bottom in the frame, which must be kept rather close and shaded for a few days, in order that the roots recover from the check of removal, and after this plenty of air should be applied, the lights being kept off in fine weather. Given careful attention in all these matters, the plants will before the end of September be ready to shift into their flowering pots, 6 inches in diameter. For this last shift the major portion of the compost must consist of good fiorous loam, lightened by an admixture of rough silver sand, mortar rubble, and charcoal. Whether any leaf- mould is added will depend upon the consistency of the loam, but a sprinkling of soot is beneficial. When potted the plants should be removed to their winter quarters, a light, airy, but not lofty, structure. Ko more fire-heat than is necessary to keep out frost should be applied, and a free circulation of air whenever possible kt-pt up. The plants will thus remain in a comparatively quiescent state during the winter, but with the roots gradually taking possession of the soil they are ready to start away in the spring. As the flower-stems commence to develop a little weak liquid manure and soot water combined is very beneficial. A more or less rigid system of dis- budding is necessary, its severity depending upon circumstances, that is, whether very large or medium-sized flowers are desired. By following this course of procedure you should have a good display of these popular flowers next year. Aphides are often troublesome, and in order to keep them in check an occasional vapourising with the XL All Vaporiser will be of great tervice. Strict attention to watering, cleanliness, and circulation of air are very important items in the successful culture of these Carnations. Crimson Rambler (C. limes). — Yuu do not ■lay whether your plant was from a pot or not. If from a pot the bill of earth should have been loosened with a pointed stick to release the routs a little and then soaked in water before planting. If a plant from the open ground was planted there should have been signs of new growth from the eyes or buds before this. Of course, the cold weather has retarded vegetation very con- siderably. Try syringing the shoots before 8 a.m. and after 5 p m. each day. When we obtain warm rains the plant will start into growth. It would have been far better had you cut back the plant to at least half its length, and even to within a foot of its base would be better still. This induces new strong growths, which, in a vigorous plant, extend to a great length, then next year such shoots would be covered with sprays of blossom. Cow manuie and soot should be applied in liquid form at this season of the year. We do not advocate mulching Rose beds during summer unless the soil is very light and resting on gravel, and even then we should not use cow manure. This manure is very good applied to the sue face in November and dug m at once ; but many Roses are killed by the summer mulching with cold, soddened manure. A good plan toemploj' this manure now would be to put a bushel of fresh manure into a porous bag and a peck of soot into another bag ; place both in a cask holding about fifty gallons of water, or, better still, into a brick cesspool, which many rosarians make in an out-of-the way part of the garden. This cesspool could be covered over and be available to take house-slops, the whole making a good and cheap stimulant for the Roses. If the plants are well establi-'hed tbey may be watered with the liquid about half sirength, but do not apply if the ground is dry. First give a watering of clear water. July 22, 1905.1 THE GARDEN 51 Campanula pyramidahs ( Miss Freeling). — We can trace no disease in the leaves sent, and have, therefore, concluded that soil-poverty or this, in conjunction with extreme dryness at the root, is the cause of the failure. At the time of throwing up the flower-spike and until the blossoms expand, there is a great strain upon the plauts' resources, which, judging by the pale- ness of some of the leaves, has noD been met. Try abundant watering and weak liquid manure another time, and plant in well-manured soil. Names of Plants.— i^. P.— 1, Galega officinalis alba; 2, Lavender Cotton (Santolina Chamrecyparissa). Fifer. — 1, please send again in better condition ; 2, Carissa caraodas ; 3, send when in flower; 4, Acokanthera specta- bili8. Mr. Marland. — Amelanchier canadensis. A. W. A.~-\y Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) ; 2, Tilia platyphyllos var asplenifolia ; 3, Taxodiuni distichum ; 4, Geranium sanguineum. Q. JJoMJeii.— Baphiolepis ovata. A. L. Foi-d.—Th^ Jasmine is Jasminum humile, and the Poppy Papaver mpifragum. W. Wooderson. — 1, Epacris longiflora ; 2, material insufficient ; 3, Sedum album; 4, Davallia canariensis ; 5, Pellcei viride; 6, Adiantum excisum var. nanum ; 7, Aspidium falcatum ; 8, material insufficient ; 9, Viiis Labrusca ; 10, V. inconstans ; 11, Marrubiura vulgare ; 12, Jasminum fruticans ; 13, Scabiosa caucasica ; 14, Elymus arenarius ; 15, Eacallonia macrantha ; 16, E. rubra ; 17, Carex vulgaris. W. West.—l, Eloeagnus macrophylla; 2, Coto- neaster sp. ; 3, Deutzia crenata candidissima plena ; 4, withered ; 5, Sedum Telephium ; 6, Mimulus cardinalis ; 7, too small to name ; 8, probably Berberis stenophylla. E. E. J^.— Probably a Hybrid China Rose, but ■which we are unable to say. C J". iT/cZ>.— Rosa ferruginea .— 1, Bignonia specioaa ; 2, Quisqualis indica ; 3, BruDfetsia confertiflora ; 4, I'nyllanthus nivosua. Hopp —1, crushed ; 2, Malva moachata ; 3, Tecoma jasminoides. F. P.— 1, Cotoneaster attinis ; 2, the common Chestnut (Castanea vesca). A. C. E.—l, Retinospora squarrosa ; 2, too small to name ; 3, Epilobium angustifolium ; 4, Petunia ; 5, Coleus. Cannot name as they are garden varieties. S. H. B.— Lonicera involucrata. Short Replies.— TF. 2".— Preferably in winter, while the hedge is leafless, if it is in a condition requiring hard pruning, and it may be cut as much into the hard wood as you like, as the Thorn will break into new growth in many places when headed back hard. If it is a hedge requiring trimming merely with shears, this may be done at any moment convenient to yourself. These woody subjects are very hardy, and rarely, if ever, suffer from pruning or cutting at any season. R. K. fl".— There is no book, as far as we are aware, on saving the seeds of flowers, but the subject is treated in many works on horti- culture. J. W. L.— Very probably the plant is a cross between the two, as it has the characteristics of both species. A. ^.— Under tbe conditions you mention about £40 would be a fair estimate for the cost of gravelling carriage drive ; of course a lot depends on the cost of labour in your neighbourhood, cost of carting, and the way the men work. A. J".— The pre- sent is a very good time to prune Holly, Yew, and Ever- green Oak, any time within the next two months will do very well. PRIZES FOR GARDENERS. JULY. OPEN TO ALL. GARDENING IN TOWN AND SUBURB. A First Prize of FOUR GUINEAS, A Second Prize of TWO GUINEAS, A Tliird Prize of ONE GUINEA, And a Fourth Prize of HALF-A-GUEMEA are offered for the best answers to the following questions. I. — Mention the names of the twelve Roses which grow and flower most freely in the suburbs of large towns. II. — Describe the way you would plant a shady border in a town garden to get the prettiest spring and early summer effects. HI. — Name the class of tree or shrub that cannot be grown with success near large towns. IV. — What shrubs would you select for planting in such gardens? Give the names of the best six. V. — Why is it that plants with rough leaves are not, as a rule, a success near large towns ? VI.— Name twenty different hardy plants that are quite bappy in town gardens, almost as much so as in the country. VII. — Name the six foliage plants that succeed best in the rooms of a suburban house. VIII. — Name the best six climbing plants for a town garden. Answers to these questions, written on one side of the paper only, must be addressed to The Editor of The Garden, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, London, and the envelopes marked "Competition." They must reach here not later than the 31st inst. The Editor cannot undertake to return the MSS. of unsuccessful contributors. PRIZES OPEN TO ALL. Plan of a Flowee Boeder. A FIRST PRIZE of Five Guineas and a second prize of Two Guineas are offered for the best plan of a border of hardy perennials, 1,30 feet long by 10 feet wide, drawn to a scale of a quarter of an inch to a foot ; bold grouping and good arrangement for colour and succession to be the main considerations. Half-hardy annuals and biennials may be included. The names of the plants to be written in their spaces on the plan — not referred to by letter or number. This competition remains open until the last day in September. SOCIETIES. MANCHESTER ROSE SHOW. This exhibition was held on the 16lh inst. in the gardens of the Royal Botanical and Horticultural Society in charm- ing weather, and was patronised by an immense crowd. Nurserymen. Sixty distinct, single trusses : First, Messrs. A. Diclcson and Sons, Newtownards, the variety George Oiclison being the premier bloom of the show ; second, Mr. Hugh Dick- son, Belfast, with excellent blooms ; third, Messrs. R. Harljness and Co., Hitchin. This stand contained the premier Tea, Ernst Metz. Thirty-six distinct : First, Mr. Hugh Dickson ; second, Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons, with smaller blooms ; third, the King's Acre Nursery Company. Twenty-four Teas or Noisettes : First, Mr. George Prince, Longworth, Berks, having good blooms ; second, Mr. .1. Mattock, Oxford. For twelve Teas or Noisettes Mr. G. Prince was again successful. Messrs. John Jeffries and Son, Cirencester, and Messrs. A. Dickson and Sou won the remaining awards. Twelve single trusses, any white or yellow : First, Mr. G. Prince, with White Maman Cochet ; second, Messrs. James Townsend and Sons, Worcester, with Bessie Brown; third, Messrs. J. Simpson and Sons, with Frau Karl Druschki Twelve light, any other than white or yellow : First, Mr. J. Mattock, with Bessie Brown ; second, Messrs, A. Dickson and Sons, with Mildred Grant ; third, Mr. G. Prince. Twelve crimson : First, the King's Acre Nursery Company, with Alfred Colomb ; second, Messrs. Dickson and Sons, with A. K. Williams. Amatedrs. Twenty-four distinct, single trusses : First, Mr. E. B. Lindsell ; second, the Rev. ,r. H. Pemberton ; equal third, Mr. Conway Jones, Gloucester, and Mr. W. Boyes, Darby. There were seven lots staged. Twelve distinct blooms : First, Mr. R. Foley Hobbs, Worcester ; the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, second ; Mr. E. B. Lindsell, third. Eighteen Teas or Noisettes : First, Mr. Conway Jones ; second, Mr. R. Foley Hobbs ; third, Mr. R. Park, York. For twelve Teas or Noisettes, distinct, the prizemen were Messrs. Conway Jones, R. Foley Hobbs, and W. Boyes. Twelve single trusses, any white or yellow : First, Mr. E. Foley Hobbs, won with Bessie Brown ; second, Mr. E. B. Lindsell, with White Maman Cochet ; third, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, with Fran Karl Druschki. Twelve any other light Rose: First, Mr. E. B. Lindsell, with Maman Cochet. Messrs. C. Burgess, S. Hardern, R. Hall, and Joseph Holt were the prize takers in the classes for district.grown Roses. Open. For a display of Roses Mr. G. Prince was a good first. Sweet Peas. For the best collection Messrs. Goolden and Fletcher secured the society's silver-gilt medil with about eighty bunches. For twelve hunches (amateurs) the winners were Messrs. F. Smith, W. Haslam Cross, and T. A. Eirle. N0N.C01IPETITI\1!. Messrs. G. Gibson and Co., Bedale, were awarded the society's gold medal for a beautiful selection of herbaceous cut flowers and Roses. Other exhibits included Sweet Peas from Mr. J. Derbyshire (about 140 vases) ; herbaceous cut flowers and Roses from Messrs. Dicksons, Chester (silver-gilt medal); Sweet Peas and Roses from Messrs. Caldwell and Sons, Knutsford (silver medal) ; Carnations and Roses from Messrs. Frank Dicks and Co. ; and a collec- tion of Carnations from Mr. J, Robson (silver medal). The arrangements, as usual, were admirably carried out by Mr. P. Weathers, the curator. FORMBY SHOW. This excellent show was held on the 12th inst. at Briars Hey, by the kind permission of Mrs. F. A. Rocklitl. For twelve varieties of Roses Mr. B. Kennedy was the winner. His Mrs. E. Mawley secured the National Rose Society's silver medal as the best bloom in the show. For twelve blooms, six varieties, Mrs. Rockliff was first. For six distinct, Mr. A. E. Gunson won. For six light blooms. Miss M. A. Eimmer was first. Other first prize winners were Messrs. E. Hackinz, Luther Watts, E. H. Bushell, B. Kennedy, and the Rev. J. B. Richardson. Messrs. F. W. Passmore and W. Dodd were winners in the smaller classes, Mr. Dodd securing the silver medal for the best bloom with Bessie Brown. In a strong contest Mr. Edgar M. Allen secured the silver cup for twelve bunches of Sweet Peas. For decorated tables the three awards went to Mrs. H. Page, Miss Agnes Rimmer, and Miss Jones. Plants, fruits, vegetables, and flowers were of considerable merit. Amongst the non-competitive exhibits were Roses from Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons, Limited, Newtownards ; Mr. H. Middlehurst, Sweet Peas ; Alessrs. Thomas Davies and Co., herbaceous cut flowers ; Messrs. Woodward and Co. , cut flowers. HANLEY FLOWER SHOW. The ninth exhibition was held on the 6th and 6th inst., and proved a most successful one. Messrs. W. J. Townsend and Co., Worcester, won the chief prize in the Rose classes, the first prize for seventy-two distinct varieties. Mes-rs. Townsend were first in several other Rose classes also. Messrs. Gibson and C)., Bedale, had the best display of hardy flowers. Sweet Peas were an excellent feature, the first prize for twelve varieties being won by Mr. A. G. Holford, Ecclesden. Mr. Holford also won first for the prizes offered for Sweet Peas by Mr. R Sydenham. Mr. Peter Blair, Trentham Hall Gardens, was first for a group of Carnations in pots with some splendid plants. Slessrs. Cypher, Cheltenham, were first for a collection of Orchids, for a large group of plants, and for specimen plants. Mr. J. H. Goodacre was first for a decorated dessert table ; second, Mr. Dawes, Temple Newsam Gardens ; third. Mr. J. Read, Bretby Park Gardens. Mr. Goodacre won first prize for twelve dishes of fruit, and tor six dishes Mr. T. Bannerman was first. In the Grape classes there was keen competition, the chief prizewinners being Mr. Bannerman, Mr. R. Dawes, and Mr. Nisbet There were many non-competitive exhibits. NORWICH ROSE SHOW. This annual fixture, held under the auspices of the Norfolk and Norwich Horticultural Society, took place on Thursday, the 6th inst, at Pine Banks Gardens. Thorpe, the residence of Mr. E. J. Caley. Unfortunately, the date coincided with the National Rose Show at Regent's Park, keeping many of the large trade exhibitors away, which was the cause of a large decrease in the number of Rose blooms staged. Messrs. Burch of Peterborough took the two premier open class prizes, and Miss Penrice of Witton, near Norwich, the championship bowl for Norfolk; Mr. Regd. Steward, Saxlingham, Norfolk, an amateur rosarian of local repute, secured both the National Rose Society's medals with White Maman Cochet for Tea and Frau Karl Druschki for Hybrid Perpetual. For miscellaneous cut flowers one large tent was set apart, and this was filled with exhibits. Without any doubt the best display were the 48 distinct bunches of hardy perennials set up by Mr. G. Davison from Westwick House Gardens. Mr. Smith, gardener to Mr. R. Fellowes, Shotesham, was a large exhibitor and prize winner in this section, as was also Mr. W. Chettleburgh, gardener to Colonel Rous, Worstead House. Carnations, Irises, flowering shrubs, exotic flowers, hardy and half-hardy annuals, and many othersubjects had classes to themselves, and were well contested. In the pot plant class, which also covered a wide range, the Fuchsias staged by Mr. Woodhouse, gardener to Dr. Osborne, The Grove, Old Catton, Norwich, were the most prominent feature. The fruit classes were not so strongly competed as one might have expected. Strawberries were shown best by Mr. W. P. Wright, gardener to Mr. W. J. Birkbeck, Stratton Strawless Hall, and Mr. W. Chettleburgh was prominent as a winner for Peaches and Grapes. Vegetables and salads completed the list. The day was ideal, and the show was visited by 4,135 persons, with a gate revenqe 52 THE GARDEN. [July 22, 1905. Messrs. Hobbies, Limited, Dereham, set up a eharming display of Roses and Carnations, at once attractive to the eye and nf educational merit. Rambler Kciaes, Teas, and Hybrid Teas were all at their best. The leading I' irnations for put culture were e.xhiWtf d as grown, showing the way to treat them. Messrs. Daniels Brothers, Limited, Norwicli, set up pot plants and cut Bowers to great advantage, tlieir z inals of the newer type and the new Lobelia tenuior coming in for much admiration. Their Sweet Peas were a sight to he remembered, and the new plants of the herbaceous border were well represented. Messrs. Stark and Sons s'sged Sweet Peas and Heucheras with graceful effect, including one or two new kinds of their own crossing. EAST ANGLIAN HORTICULTURAL CLUB. AT the monthly meeting of this club, held at the Shirehall Hotel, Norwich, on the 13th inst., the attendance was rather smaller than usual. Mr. J. Powley and Mr. T B. Field (Ashwellthorpe) occupied the chair and vice-chair respectively. Four essays were sent in and read in a competitiim for prizes given by Messrs. Daniels Brothers, Limited. Norwich, upon "The Naturalisation of Bulbs, &c " The competitors had all treated the subject well, the prizes eoing as follows : First, H. B. Dobbie, Thorpe ; second, A. F Cooke, Norwich; third, C. H. Fox, gardener to Sir E B. Mansel, Old Catton. Mr. T. B. Field was also a contributor, and had departed from the somewliat methodirsl ways uf planting, dwelling upon true wild elfects with beamy of colour. Mr. E. Peake, who, as one of the judges, led oft the debate, said that he was very pleased with the way the subject had been treated. Although Mr. Field did not take a prize, his paper was of a very educational character. The debate was well main- tained. Prominent upf>n the exhibition tables were herbaceous tiowers in variety, from Mr. C. Burtenshaw, gardener at St. Helen's House. Norwich ; Brugmansia blooms, from Mr. W. Rush, Thorpe ; and a new seedling early-flowering Phlox, from Mr. George Davison, Westwick, the latter receiving an award of merit. Me»srs. Daniels Brothers offered prizes for their M .tchless Marrow Peas, and the pods exhibited by Mr. E. C Ramus and Mr. George Moore of Hetheisett were perfection. Roses and other cut flowers went to make a bright display, special mention being due to a bunch of superb Sweet Pea« set up by Mr. F. Williams, gardener to Lnnis Tillett, Esq., M.P., Old Catton. Messrs. H. Perry. G. Divison, and H. Goude judged the competitive exhibits. Mr. \V. C. Easter explained the new microscope to the members. This should prove a great boon to such a club. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. New Plants at the Chelsea Show. AN award of merit was given to each of the following : Tlialictriiin Delcimyi.—K very pretty species with deep mauve-ci'loured sepals, having a drooping or nearly bell- shaped outline. The glaucous deflexed leafage is very distinct, and, surmounted by the pretty bells, makes a very charming plant From Messrs. R. W. Wallace and Co., Ct)lche8ter. B-Umirn spicata robtuila.—A familiar hardy perennial, best known, perhaps, as B. strict a or rosea. The flowers are produced in a close pyramidal spike, and are rosy pink in colour. From Mr. Amos Perry. Winchmore Hill. Caladuini Colonel John Hay.—X very handsome variety, the rosy-scarier, red-veined leafage amply and irregularly spotted with white. The variety is a most distinct one, even amid the endless variety of colouring in these plants. From Messrp. J. Laing and Co., Forest Hill. Bfjojiia Water Lilii.—k nearly pure white variety, the centie (if the flower assuming the bud shape not unlike a Rose. It is a large and handsfime flower, and the name is suggestive of its form. From Messrs. T. S. Ware, Limited, Feltham. Middlesex. Begonia Mrs Artt-ur Paget.— A fine pale salmon- coloured variety, ihe broad, slightly-undulating petals deeper in colour at the margin, the central petals opening nearly white. It is a flue and handsome variety, distinct and striking. From Messrs. T. S. Ware, Limited, Feltham. Carnation Miss Willmott.—A fine rose-scarlet border variety, the flowers large, the petals spreading, nearly flat, and giving a most impressive effect as a whole. From Mr. Jame^ Douglas, Bnokham. Croton i'rfmoiifoniViisc— This fine Croton is the result of crossing C. Warreni and C. Gordoni, and partakes strongly of the general habit and colour of the latter, with some- what, also, of the colour and the corkscrew foliage of C. Warreni. As a decorative plant and a fine subject for table work it is one of the best things we have seen. Raised and exhibited by Jlr. H. B. May, Edmonton. .\WARDS. In addition to the gold medals mentioned in our last issue, the following awards were also made ; Sillier Cup to Leopold Rothschild, Esq., the Lady Harms- worth, L. Currie, Esq., Messrs. Carter, Messrs. Bunyard, Messrs. B-rr, Messrs. Ware, Messrs. Paul and Son, Messrs. Cripps, Messrs. Jackman, Mr. Amos Perry, Messrs. Bull, Mr. J. Hill, Messrs. Blackmore and Langdon, and Mr. David Russell. Silver qilt Flora medal to Sir F. Wigan, Birt., Reg. Farrer, E"q.. Mr H.J. Jones, Mr. M. Pritchard, Mr. L. R. Russell, Mr. Bux, Messrs. Hugh Low, Messrs. Pulham, and Mr. Riley. Siluer-gilt Banksian medal to Messrs, Jones and Sons, Messrs. G. and A. Clark, M-ssrs. Peed, Messrs. Cheal, Mr. A. F. Dutton, Messrs, W. Wood and Son, Manifattura di Signa, Messrs. Merryweather, Messrs. Castle, aud Messrs. Champion. Siloer-tjilt Knightian medal to Mr. Mortimer. Silver Flora medal to E. Wag?, Esq., Messrs. Laing, Messrs. Caniiell, Mr. Breadmore, Mr. Reuthe, Messrs. Hobbies, Mr. Lsdhams, Mr. Bath, Mr. V. Slade, Messrs. Reamsbottom, Messrs. Fromow, and Messrs. Liberty. Sillier Kniglitinn medal to Swanley College. Silver BaiikKian medal to Miss Hopkins, H. P. Sturgis, Esq , Messrs. B. S. Williams, Mr. J. Forbes, Mr. Penwill, Messrs. Slark, Mr. Jas. Douglas, Mr. F. Unwin, Messrs. Gilbert, Mr. Gwillim, Mr. Bentley, Messrs. Cory and Co., Messrs. Dolland, Messrs. Shanks, Mr Dowell. Anglo- Continental Ccimpany, Messrs. Doulton, Mr. J. K. King, Mr. Jas. George, Messrs. T. Green, Mr. W. Herbert, Mr. T. Syer, Mr. J. Williams, Messrs. de Luzy, Mr. Sage, Mr. Pinches, and the Economic Fencing Company. The Fortnightlt Show. There was a very interesting show on Tuesday in the Royal Horticultural Hall. Floral Committee. Present; Mr. Marshall (chairman), and Messrs. George Nicholson, James Walker, J. Green, C. J. Salter, J. T. Bennett-Foe, George Paul, R. Hooper Pearson, Harry Turner, Charles Dixon, H. J. Jones, William Culhbertson, W. P. Thomson, E. H. Jenkins, W. J. James, Herbert J. Cutbush. J. F. McLeod, J. Jennings, E. T. Cook, and George Gordon. A large and interesting group of hardy plants from Messrs. Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea, included flue examples of A^tilbe Davidii, with many spikes of flowers ; Buddleia variabilis veilchiana, in splendid condition; Lilium sutchuenense, » red-flowered kind copiously spotted, with the leafage of L. tenuifolium ; it is a handsome free flowering and dwarf kind ; Lilium bakerianum (Lowi) dis- played its variability in the coloration of the flowers externally, and equally in the density of the spotting internally ; Astilbe grandis is a very striking plant, white flowered, and a good companion to A. Davidii ; Erica cinerea rosea and some Ceanolhuses were also remarked. A bold water-side plant is Senecio ligularis speciosa, a giant of 6 fett high or more. Messrs. Barr and Sons, Covent Garden, contributed hardy plants in the more showy kinds. Day Lilies, Water Lilies, white Scabious Lilies, and spikes of Acanthus were prominent. Gloxinias of a very good strain were staged' by Messrs. Cannell and Sons, Swanley, in which the sp itted kinds were particularly good. The plants, arranged among Ferns with a background of Kochia scoparia, were very pleasing. Jlessrs. Blackmore and Langdon, Twerton Nurseries, Bith, contributed in Bamboo tripods a beautiful lot of border Carnations. Richness, a yellow ground kind, was most prominent, some three flne vases of these being included in the exhibit, the flowers all from the open ground. Lady Bristol, pale yellow, with light margin, and Mrs. Ward, were other good yellow ground kinds in this lot. Messrs. Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea, flUed a large table with Tree and border Carnations in pots. In the former we noticed the well-known white varieties Mrs. Brooks and Queen Louise, also William Robinson (scarlet), Enchantress, and Jlrs. T. W. Lawson. In the border kinds there was a fully representative lot. A glorious exhibit of Solanum Wendlandii, from Costa Rica, with huge trusses of pale mauve, nearly 2-inch wide blossoms, was a most fascinating exhibit, and in company with Exacum macramhum (ititense violet), and Calceolaria lutegrifolia was very distinct, the entire lot forming a most interesting exhibit. Crot.ms from Mr. H. B. May, Edmonton, were very floe, a whole table being occupied with plants delightful in colour, and superbly grown. Messrs. Wallace and Co., Colchester, staged a showy group of hardy things, in which such Lilies as testaceum, Henryi, tigrinum, chalcedonicum, maculatum, pardalinum, excelsum, and odorum chinense (a very fine and distinct form), Lythrums, Lychnis chalcedonica. Day Lilies, Calochorlus, (Enothera speciosa, Astilbe Nuee Rose, with Anthemis Kelwayi, were all good items in this exhibit. The Carnations from Mr. A. F. Dutton, Iver. Bucks, were a superb lot, equalling those recently shown at Chelsea. Displayed with his usual excellence and good taste, Mr. Dutton has become quite an adept in exhibiting these flowers, and his exhibits always command attention. Messrs. Cannell and Sons, Swanley, showed Shirley Poppies in their charming variety. Antirrhinums Fire King and Defiance were also from this firm. The Carnations in vases from Messrs. T. S. Ware, Limited, Feltham, were very pleasing and well arranged. The new white perennial Pea White Pearl was in perfect condition. Messrs. William Cutbush and Son, Highgate, showed Carnations in superb fashion, tall vases having a ground- work of dwarfer vases filled with the best kinds. We were especially impressed with the new Pink Malmaison Duchess of Westminster, a most charming shade of pink, and King Arthur, a scarlet-red border kind. A superb lot of border Catuaiions were from Mr. James Douglas. Mr. M. Pritchard, Chrlstchurch, showed hardy flowers very finely, masses of Alstromerias, Phloxes, Gaillardias, Astilbes, and other things in season. Campanula Isabel, in a large mass, was very effective, the deep violet-blue fiowers very striking. Messrs. W. and J. Brown, Stamford, showed Roses and Cactus Pelargoniums in variety. Misses Hopkins, Mere, Knutsford contributed hardy plants, mostly of the more showy kinds, in which some good Gaillardias, Lychnis chalcedonica, Heliopsis, and other things were seen. Border Carnations in pots came from Messrs. Phillips and Taylor, Bracknell, Berks. There were some two or three dozen kinds shown in this way. Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Enfield, contributed Tree aud border Carnations in mixed array, quite a representa- tive lot being staged in each section. Hardy flowering plants in variety were well shown by Messrs. J. Cheal and Sons, Crawley, some good Phloxes and Sweet Peas being noticed. An excellent array of single Hollyhocks came from Lady Phillimore, Campden Hill, W. (gardener, Mr. Becht)- Many shades of colour were included in the varieties shown. Hardy flowers and Roses were freely shown by Lady Harmsworth, (iuildford (gardener, Mr. Goatley). A charming series of Violettas, the miniature or alpine Violas, formed an exhibit from Mr. Howard H. Crane, Woodview Terrace, Highgate. These are indeed a charm- ing race of plants. Rock Blue, Qaeen of the Year, P'gmy, Forget-me-not, Quail, Violetta, and Cymbeline were all charming and distinct. Messrs. J. Peed and Sons, West Norwood, had a group of Carnations with Acers, Hildegarde, a white border kind, being very good. Mr. Ferguson, The Hollies, Weybridge, showed a beau- tiful group of Campanula Ferguson!. New Plants.— Awards of Merit. Senecio ligularia speciosa-— A fine plant for waterside gardening, the yellow starry blossoms are borne on stout stems some 6 feet high, the latter springing from a tuft of roundly peltate leaves. From Messrs. Veitch and Sons. AslilOe grandis. — A flue introduction from Western China, the russet coloured stems some 7 feet high, from which horizontally disposed spikelets of white l)loBsoms are irregularly produced. When established this will prove a very striking plant. From Messrs. Veitch and Sons. Lilium Sutchmneiise.—A very charming Lily, 2i feel high, the recurving flowers of a brilliant scarlet oianae, copiously spotted with maroon. The long linear acute leaves are disposed in a nearly horizontal manner oil slightly downy stems. A most beautiful and elegant species, and quite a valuable addition to the dwarf members of this genus. Each of Ihe above came from Messrs. Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea. Phlox Doreen.—A very beautiful salmon pink variety, with blossoms of large size, and a goodly sized panicle withal. From J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gardener, Mr. Whitelegge). Carnation Viscountess Ebrington. — Pale buff, the fiowers of large size aud very full. Carnation Liberie. — A very heavy crimson flaked variety on yellow ground, the flowers of very large size and shapely withal. These two were from Mr. James Douglas, Great Bookham. Adiantum itayi.— This is a seedling from A. fragran- tissima, and is a most charming and delicate kind, the small fronds representing the finest lace in its most delicate tracery. From Mr. H. B. M»y, Edmonton. Viola Councillor Walters, rich purple in colour, with yellow eye. V. Dr. McFarlane.— One of the Magpie type, dark purple and blue. r. /soWc— A light yellow, and a rayless flower. These three were from Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Rothesay. Viola Royal Sovereign (Stark) —A rich yellow kind, and a perfectly rayless flower. From Messrs. Stark. Medals. A silver-gilt Flora medal was awarded to Lady Harms- worth ; a silver-gilt Banksian medal to Mr A. F. Dutlon for Tree Carnations, and to Mr. Prichard for herbaceous plants; a silver Flora medal to Messrs. Cutbush and .Son, Highgate, for Carnations, Mr H. B. May for Crotons; and a silver Banksian medal to Messrs. H. Low and Co. for Carnations, to Lady Phillimore for Hollyhocks, Messrs. T. S. Ware, Limited, for Carnations, Mr. J. Douglas for Carnations, and to Messrs. H. Cannell and Sons tor Gloxinias and Shirley Poppies. Mr. Howard Crane received a bronze Banksian medal for Violas. Orchid Committee. No groups were before this committee, and a very small number of plants. The following received an award of merit ; Miltonia vexillaria radiata maguifica, from Mrs. Hay- wood, Reigate, received an award of merit, but the flower- spike had been removed when our notes were taken. Lcelio-Cattleiia chardtcarense, from G. F. Moore, Esq.. Bourton-on-the-Water, also received an award of merit, but the plant had been lemoved. Botanical certificates were granted to Notylia multi- flora, from Messrs. Hugh Low and Co ; and to Maxillaria picta Warley variety, from Miss Willmott, Warley Place, Essex. Lfelio-Cattleya Henry Greenwood (Glebelands var.) and Cypripedium Penelope (Morganite x Veitchi) were exhibited by Mr. Gurney Fowler, South Woodford (gar- dener, Mr. J. Davis), and Lislio - Cattleya Gei flrey (L. lucasiana x C. gigas) by C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gardener, Mr. G. Duncan). PhaliBuopsis violacea Low's var., with the greenish white sepals and petals coloured purplish carmine at their bases, was exhibited by Messrs. Low and Co., Bush Hill Park. Fruit Committee, The most extensive exhibit before this committee was one of Peas, of which some 126 varieties were displayed. The exhibit was in many respects a counterpart of that at Chelsea a week ago, and considering the great heat recently experienced the entire batch was in the pink of condition. The new variety, Quite Content, with its 5-inch pods of large Peas, attracted a good deal of attention. It is really a specially flue addition to the maiiicr.ip section. Sliver Banksian medal. July 22, 1905.] THE GAEPEN. V. HILL & SMITH BLACK VARNISH. Carriage paid to most Railway Stations in the Kingdom. REGISTERED TRADE MARK. Substitute for Oil Paint at one-fourth the cost. Applied cold. For Preserving all descriptions of outdoor work, Iron Fencing, Roofs, Buildings, Wood, and Stone. Dries with hard glossy surface in lo minutes, and keepsgood any length of time. WROUGHT IRON GARDEN BORDER HURDLES. Catalogues of Iron and Wire Fencing, ri j Hurdles, Gates, and Railings Free. IJ < 118, QUEEN VICTORIA ST., LONDON, E.G. and BRIERLEY HILL. IRONWORKS, Staffs. SOLE MAKERS OF THE CELEBRATED MUNSTEAD FLOWER GLASSES. 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I BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT TO His MAJISTY KING EDWARD VII. GREEN'S PATENT LAWN MOWERS. The First, Foremost, and Best In the World. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" LAWN MOWER. Hundreds of ThousanJs have been sold. Established over Half a Century. DONKEY, PONY, and HORSE MOWER. Bither "Silens Messor" Pattern They may be or Wheel-Geared. had of any Iron- monger or >eeds- m e n in the United Kinsf- dom. GREEN'S Patent ORDINARY also WATER OP SAND BALLAST ROLLER. Telephone Numbers - Leeps, 158 and 1227. London, 2022 Hop. Telegraphic Addresses — Smithfiei d Lkeds. SuRRKv Works, ' ondon. Please write for ILLUSTRATHD PRICE LIST, No. a, FREE. TUrM&Q PRFFN £ CAN I >>! smithf" '1 ipcworks, i.eeds, and new ini ni>iO unccn otoun, lid., surbey storks, soutmwabk st.. lonoon, s.e. MOTOR I.AWN MOVVEKS MADE IN VARIOUS SIZKS. VI. THE GARDEN [July 22, 1905. Nectarine Rivers' Early was splendidly shown by Mrs. Haywood, Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate. There were some four dozen grand fruits shown, for which a silver Knightian medal was awarded. Improved Telegraph Cucumber was shown by Mrs. PuUinger, Murray Lodge, Carapden Hill, W. Red Currant Chevalier's Sensation was exhibited by Messrs. Hobbies, Limited, Dereham. The berries are of large size and arranged in long bunches. The colour is very brilliant. Rubus Lucretia was sent by Messrs. R. Veitch and Sod, Exeter. A fine box of Brown Turkey Figs came from the Marquis of Salisbury, Hatfleld House (gardener, Mr. Norman). The fruits were in excellent condition. Silver Banksian medal. A collection of Peas and a dish of Tumato Lord Roberts were exhibited by Messrs. John King and Sons, Coggeahall, Essex. Vote of thanks. NATIONAL CARNATION AND PICOTEE SOCIETY. The show of this society, which was held in conjunction with the Royal Horticultural Society's fortnightly meet- ing at the hall on Tuesday last, was a distinct success. Most of the classes were well filled, but. as usual, the prizes went to a limited number of exhibitors. Ill the class for twenty-four bizarre? or flakes the first prize went to Mr. F. Wellesley, Westfleld, Woking, for a fine lot of blooms, with remarkably fine markings ; second, Mr. Martin R. Smith, Hayes, Kent. In the class for twenty-four self-coloured Carnations Mr. F. Wellesley was again first ; second, Mr. M. Smith. In the class for twenty-four fancies Mr. M. Smith was first with a beautiful lot of blooms ; and the blooms shown by Mr. F. Wellesley, who was second, were almost equally good. In the class for twenty-four Picotees Mr. M. Smith was first with well-marked varieties ; second, Mr. F. Wellesley. lu the class for twenty-four yellow ground Picotees Mr. F. Wellesley was first with beautiful blooms ; second, Mr. M. Smith. For six blooms of self Carnations, one variety, Mr. F. Wellesley was first ; second, Mr. M. Smith. For six yellow or buff grounds Mr. M. Smith was first; second, Mr. F. Wellesley. For six fancy Carnations, one variety, Messrs. Blackmore and Langdon was first with fine blooms of Millie ; second, Mr. F. Wellesley, with smaller blooms of the same variety. In the class for six blooms of yellow-ground Picotees, one variety, Mr. F. Wellesley was first with good blooms of Mrs. W. Heriot, the second prize going to Mr. M. Smith for the same variety. For twelve varieties, three blooms of each, shown with foliage in vases, Mr. M. Smith was first ; second, Mr. F. Wellesley. In the classes for bizarres and flakes Messrs. Phillips and Taylor were successful exhibitors. In the selfs there were some good blooms, and Mr. W. H. Paston was a successful exhibitor. For twelve bizarres and flakes Mr. R C. Cartwright was first ; second, Mr. H. R. Taylor, Cheam. For twelve selfs, distinct, Mr. Cartwright was again first ; second, Mr. Taylor. For twelve fancies Mr. F. H. A. Booth, Dorking, was first; second, Mr. W. Spencer. For twelve Picotees, distinct, Mr. Booth was first, the second being gained by Mr. H. K. Taylor. For twelve yellow ground Picotees Mr. Spencer was first and Mr. Booth second. In this class there were some fine blooms. For six blooms, selfs, Mr. R C. Cartwright was first with good blooms of Daffodil; second, Messrs. Phillips and Taylor for another good yellow, Mrs. M. V. Charrington. For six yellow or buff ground fancies, one variety, Mr. Booth was first with Argosy, a fine Carnation; second, Messrs. Phillips and Taylor, for Hidalgo. In the class for six varieties, three blooms of each, shown in vases, there were some good exhibits. Mr. Cart- wright was first ; second, Messrs. Phillips and Taylor. In the third division there were many good exhibits, and among successful exhibitors were Mr. D. Walker, Kilmarnock ; Mr. J. J. Keen, Southampton ; Mr. J. J. Sheldon, South Wjodford ; Mr. J. Fairlie, Acton ; Mr. C. A. Philbrick, Reading; Mr. A. J. Rowberry, Stamford Hill ; and Mr. E. Charrington, Lingfteld. It was inter- esting to note that in the smaller classes the prizes were divided among a greater number of exhibitors. In groups of Carnations in pots Mr. Martin Smith was first wiih a very fine exhibit; second, Mr. H. Lakeman, Thornton Heath. For single specimens Mr. Smith was first, and Mr. Lakeman second. For twelve specimen plants Mr. Smith was first, and Mr. C. Turner, Slough, second. In the class for new varieties there were some pretty things, but no certificates were awarded as far as we could see. Trade Exhibits. These were shown in vases, and were much more inter- esting than the dressed blooms on the boards. Messrs. Cutbush and Sons made a fine exhibit of the various types. King Arthur, scarlet ; Duchess of West- minster, pink ; and many others were worthy of note. Silver Floral medal awarded. Mr. J. Douglas exhibited a fine collection of border varieties, and gained awards of merits for Viscountess Ebrington, a fine buff ; also for Liberte, yellow ground heavily marked with crimson. Mr. A. F. Dutton, Iver, Bucks, staged a very fine collec- tion of the American varieties. Shown on long stems in tall vases they were must effective. Silver-gilt Banksian medal. Messrs. T. S. Ware, Limited, had a very pretty display of American and border varieties. Silver Banksian medal awarded. Messrs. Blackmore and Langdon, Bath, made a good exhibit of useful varieties. Messrs. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, showed pot plants in good varieties. Messrs. fl. Low and Co., Enfield, exhibited a large collection repre- senting the various types in good form. Silver Banksian medal. Messrs. Phillips and Taylor, Bracknell, Berks, put up a group of pot plants and cut blooms. NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY. Beautiful Show at Gloucester. The National Rose Society held its provincial show this year at The Spa, Gloucester, and were welcomed heartily by the Mayor, who invited the leading members to luncheon. The weather was very fine, and the whole pro- ceedings passed off most pleasantly. The show was excellent, and the exhibits were displayed in one large tent. The Gloucester Rose Show was held in conjunction. Nurserymen. One of the great classes was for thirty-six blooms, dis tinct varieties, the first prize consisting of the Jubilee Trophy and £3. This was won by Messrs. Alex. Dickson and Sons, Limited, Newtownards, Ireland, with splendid blooms ; Messrs. Harkness and Son, Hitchin, were a very good second ; and Mr. Hugh Dickson, Royal Nurseries, Belfast, third. There were five entries. In the class for seventy-two blooms, distinct varieties, the first prize being £5, Messrs. Alex. Dickson and Sons were again the winners with beautiful flowers, including several of their own raising. All the flowers were of exceptionally fine colour and form. Messrs. Harkness were second, and Mr. Hugh Dickson third. Again the Newtownards firm were first for thirty-six blooms, distinct, with exceptionally fine flowers ; Messrs. Harkness and Son second ; and the King's Acre Nursery, Hereford, third. For thirty-six distinct varieties, three blooms of each, Messrs. Perkins and Sons, Coventry, were first with very fresh and brightly-coloured flowers ; Mr. George Prince, Oxford, an excellent second ; and Mr. Stephen Treseder, Cardiff, third. There were eight exhibits in the class for sixteen distinct varieties, three blooms of each, the first prize collec- tion coming from Mr. Stephen Treseder. His blooms were of exceptional merit. Messrs. H. Jefferies and Son, Cirencester, were second. Mr. Prince headed the list in the class for eighteen blooms, distinct, and Messrs. Harkness and Son second. These were the only competitors. In the class for twelve blooms, distinct, Mr. Drew, LoDgworth, was first ; Messrs. H. Jefferies and Son, second ; and the King's Acre Nursery third. There were five entries. Open. For twelve blooms of new Roses, distinct, there were only two entries, but the first prize collection from Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt, was of much interest ; Messrs. Perkins and Sons second. Messrs. X\ex. Dickson won in the class for twelve blooms of any white or yellow Rose with superb flowers of Fran Karl Druschki ; Mr. Mattock second, and Messrs. Harkness third. There were twelve entries in this class. For twelve blooms of any light pink or rose-coloured Rose, Messrs. Townsend and Sons, Worcester, were first with Mrs. J. Laing of beautiful colour ; the King's Acre Nursery Company were second, and Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt, third. For the same number of blooms of any light or dark crimson Ruse, Messrs. Alex. Dickson were the principal prize winners with A. K. Williams, a Rose that appears to be fiowering exceptionally well this year ; the King's Acre Nursery Company second ; Mr. Rigg, Reading, third. A very charming feature of the show consisted of the exhibition Roses to be shown in vases. The vases must rest on the staging itself, and not be raised above it. The chief class was for twelve distinct varieties, five blooms of each, and the first prize went to Mr. G. Prince of Oxford, who had an exceptionally fine exhibit. We could not discover the name of the second prizewinner ; Messrs. Jefferies were third. For twelve distinct varieties of Tea and Noisette Roses, three blooms of each, Mr. Prince was first with flowers of fine colour and form ; Mr. Drew second ; and Messrs. Jefferies third. In the class for eighteen distinct varieties Mr. Mattock was the first prizewinner wiih beautiful blooms ; Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt, second ; and Messrs. Fuller and Maylam, Cheltenham, third. AMATEURS. The Jubilee Trophy and £3, the first prize, for twenty-four blooms, distinct varieties, in the amateurs' division, was well won by Mr. Conway Jones; Mr. Dennison, Kenilworth, second ; and Mr. E. B. Lindsell, Hitchin, third. The Rev. J. H. Pembecton, Havering-atte-Bower, Essex, added another victory to his many conquests this season in the class for thirty-six blooms, distinct. His fiowers were excellent. Mr. E. B. Lindsell was second ; and Mr. Conway Jones third. The eight varieties, three blooms of each, shown by Mr. Dennison of Kenilworth were very fine, and easily won the first prize ; Mr. Foley Hobbs second ; and the Rev. J. H. Pemberton third. For nine blooms of any Rose except Tea or Noisette, Mr. Dennison was first with superb flowers of Mildred Grant. In the class for six blooms, distinct (open only to growers of less than 600 plants of varieties in the National Rose Society's catalogue of exhibition Roses, including Teas and Noisettes), Mr. Holbrook, Lucclecote House, was first; and Mr. Gill, Hucclecote, second. These were the only entries. Mr. Whittle of Leicester was the only exhibitor in the class for six distinct varieties, but his fiowers would have been difficult to beat in any case. For twelve blooms, distinct, Mr. Conway Jones was an excellent first ; Mr. Hill Gray, Bath, second ; and the Rev. E. Powley third. For nine blooms, of any one variety, Mr. Hill Gray was first with White Mamau Cochet ; the Rev. E. Powley second ; and the Rev. J. H. Pemberton third. There were five entries. The above two classes were open to all. In the class for six blooms, distinct, open only to grower? of less than 200 plants of Teas and Noisettes, Mr. Whittle was first. Section for Decorative Roses. Exhibits in this section must be arranged so as to show, as far as possible, the foliage and habit of growth of each variety, and may be staged in vases, boxes, or other receptacles, each variety to be in a separate receptacle. All Hybrid Perpetuals (except the single-flowered varieties) are to be excluded. All Teas and Noisettes and Hybrid Teas mentioned in the National Rose Society's catalogue of exhibition Roses are also to be excluded. Moss, Pro* vence, and other summer-flowering Roses may be included. All the stems must reach the water. For twelve distinct varieties (space occupied by the exhibit not to exceed 6 feet by 3 feet), the Rev. J. H. Pemberton was flrst with a charming display ; and Mr. H. J. Elwes, Colesbourne, second. In the class for six distinct varieties Mr. Conway Jones was first with a beautiful display ; Mr. Reed, Newnham, second. There were some pretty table decorations, Miss Watson, Cheltenham, being first. The variety used was Dorothy Perkins. The classes for new seedling Roses are always a source of interest. In the class for six trusses of any new seedling or sport, Messrs. Alex. Dickson showed C. J. Grahame, a bright red flower, and Mrs. J. Bateman, rich rose, but no award was made. The best blooms in the show were as follows : To Alex. Dickson, for the Hybrid Perpetual Helen Keller; to the same firm for Hybrid Tea Mildred Grant ; and to Mr. Prince for White Maman Cochet. All were beautiful flowers. Among the amateurs Mr. Dennison won with the Hybrid Perpetual Helen Keller and the Hybrid Tea Mildred Grant. Mr. Hill Gray had the most beautiful Tea, a flower of White Maman Cochet. UNITED HORTICULTURAL BENEFIT AND PROVIDENT SOCIETY. The monthly committee meeting of this society was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, West- minster, on Monday, the 10th inst. ; Mr. Thomas Winter presided. Eight new members were elected, making a total of ninety-two this year so far. Sick pay to members since the last meeting was £23 23. Mr. William Marshall has kindly consented to take the chair at the annual dinner, which will be held in October next, due notice of which will be given. *»* Owing to pressure on space at this season o/ the year, when jlower shows are so mimerous, we are compelled to hold over the report of Wolverhampton Floral t'He until next week. LATE NOTES. Henry Eckford testimonial.— The coQlributions to this fuod up to the evening of Saturday, July 15, amounted to 912^ shillings. Sale of insecticides.— In the House of Commons on the 13th inst. Mr. Alexander Cross, M.P. , asked the President of the Board of Agri- culture when he proposes to introduce his Bill dealing with the sale of substances used exten- sively and in large quantity in horticulture and agriculture, but which are technically included as poisons under the schedules of the Pharmacy Act, in view of the efforts made to monopolise the trade in such articles by retail druggists, to the injury of these industries of farming and gardening, and in reply he received the following answer : " The Bill in question falls within the province of the Privy Council rather than my own, but I am in communication with my noble friend the Lord President as to the advisability of its introduction at no distant date, and, further, that the Bill is in a state of pre- paredness." A pPOlifle Pea. — Mr. E. R. Fuller, Kelvedon, Eieex, sends a photograph of a prolific Pea. " The haulm was only 2 feet high, having two pods at every joint, making twenty pods on the plant, the produce of one Pea." *,• The Yearly Subscription to THE GARDEN in: Intand, 6s. 6d. : Foreign, Ss. 9d. ^fey- GARDEN No. 1758.— Vol. LXVIII. July 29, 1905. GARDENING IN SUBURBS. DUEING the last few years the 1 improved methods of exit from I our great cities have proved a boon to thousands of town workers, who now are able to recreate in a purer air. The love of the soil is innate in the minds of most men, whether town or whether country - bred. Where some few years ago hundreds were able daily to leave behind the dreary, flowerless suburbs of that inner circle of greater London, now thousands are able to do so, and the fringe of this vast city, as of other cities and large towns throughout the country, is ever increasing. Houses there have larger gardens, for land is cheaper, and as a consequence suburban districts are yearly increasing in beauty. The larger streets and roads are planted with avenues of trees, that give welcome shade in summer-time, and the garden of one house vies with that of its neighbour in producing a continuous and brilliant display of flowers. Successful gardening is nothing if not infectious ; the skill of one leads to an increased effort on the part of another, and so gardening in the suburbs increases. And there is every reason why it should increase. There are really few hardy plants that cannot be grown success- fully some few miles away from a smoke-laden city. With plants in glass houses it is a different matter, for often a heavily smoke- laden fog in winter will end in a few hours the work of twelve months. He who grows hardy plants, however, is practically free from risk of damage by fog, for in winter hardy plants are more or less dormant, while those in glass houses are often in the height of their beauty and blossoming. The gardener in the suburbs cannot complain of the variety of material at his disposal, for in the Rose alone he has some dozens of good sorts, and there is probably no better plant for his purpose. It will grow with a freedom that even a country cottager might envy if, and this condition is an all-important one, the soil is suitable. The cause of almost all failures in small gardens may be traced to poor and unsuitable soil. It must surely be from ignorance of the great difference between plants grown in poor and those grown in good soil that such moderate results are obtained year after year. If only the borders were dug deeply in the autumn and one or of ThE'Gaeden, for as we did it easily others two cartloads of manure were added, the can do it likewise. be manure were trifling, but the results cost would astonishing. Rarely does one see a small garden in the suburbs made the most of. The builder invariably places the path facing full south, and the border on that side of the garden where the sun shines least. This, of course, must be altered if plants are to be well grown. They need all the sunshine they can Having decided on the size of the potting shed, 12 feet by 8 feet, the first thing was to cut out the foundations. When we had done this we built in three courses of brickwork —the sides were 1.3 feet and the ends 9 feet- miking the top of the brickwork just level with the surface of the ground. On the brick foundations we laid Oak beams, 6 inches by 4 inches, with the ends halved into each other for a bottom plate. The uprights and middle rail and top plate were of yellow Deal, get, and especially in a small garden, where, i 4 inches by 3 inches. The uprights were owing to houses, trees, and fences, there is often a good deal of shade. Some plants love sunshine, and others shade, so in planting take care to discriminate carefully. Finally, give them a soil that has been deeply dug and enriched with manure, and the garden, no matter how small, can hardly fail to be one of flowers. THE ANNALS OF THE LITTLE RED HOUSE.— VI. The Potting Shed. In a snug corner between a barn and the south wall we tucked away a nice strong little Fig tree— Early Violet. We keep the soil poor and mat up the plant in winter ; it is now beginning to bear, and has already got its head over the garden wall. Now about Currants. We planted a quarter with these and the Gooseberries. We none of us care much for Black Currants, so we had about a dozen bushes only of Carter's Champion. The Red Currants we selected are Red Dutch for early and Raby Castle for late, and Fay's Prolific for size, and for dessert White Dutch. We also planted some Raspberry canes against an espalier, but I do not think these have been a suecess. I believe the North country fashion of growing Raspberries on stakes is the best, but then it takes room. I think, also, the Raspberry is a fruit that likes a cool climate, and really does better in the northern counties. When a woman is really gardening in a serious fashion, she should certainly have a little pied-a-toire of her own in her garden when space permits. If you have a potting shed of your own you are per- fectly independent, and there all sorts of experiments can be carried out, impossible with the rougher, dirtier work of the garden in progress. Treasures of seeds and bulbs can be stored away under lock and key in safety, and there is really no estimating the comfort and convenience of such a little haven. An account of how we built my potting shed may be of interest to the readers 6 feet 6 inches from the bottom to the top f'late, and were just let in to the bottom plate by a short tenon, and the middle rail wa.s mortised into the upright and the ends of the top plate halved into each other. A length of floor-board served as a ridge piece set up on King posts, 4 feet from the top plate. The rafters were made of yellow Deal, 3 inches by 2 inches, twelve in number on each side, and so placed about 15 inches apart. They were cut at their top ends so as to fit against the ridge piece, and notched on to top plates near to their lower ends, leaving some 8-inch projeotory for eaves. The tile battens made of Deal 2 inches by | inch were then nailed across the rafters, 3| inches from the top edge of one to the top edge of the next. This gives exactly the right over-loop for the ordinary sized tile. Every third rafter was secured across to its fellow on the opposite side by " collars," to prevent the lateral thrust outwards by the weight of the roof ; this is very considerable if tiles are used, their weight being about 18lb. to the square foot of roofing ; the lowest piece nailed across the ends of the rafters, called the eaves plate, was made of piece Deal, 4 inches by 2 inches, sawn down diagonally. The door, a ledger one, was 6 feet by 2 feet 9 inches, and the windows, two in number, only separated from each other by the middle upright, were 3 feet 2 inches by 2 feet 10 inches, and were hung from the top, pushed outward and secured by the ordinary greenhouse window fastening. The floor was tiled with square paving tiles, of which, together with the roofing tiles, we found just enough about the place, an old building having been pulled down by the former owner — a lucky find as regards the roofing tiles, as these are getting scarce, being 200 years old and more. Along the side where the windows are a bench wa-i placed, about 2 feet wide, at a convenient height, and along the opposite side a range of shelves ; two bins occupied the end opposite the door, one for stowing away rubbish and the other for garden sticks. Beneath the bench a supply of soil i.s kept ready for use, a box of silver sand, a box of soot, and a box of broken crocks. A small shelf is fixed over the bench 54 THE GAKDEN. [July 29, 1905. for various articles constantly required : ink bottle and pen, West's raffia tape and Ver- bena pins, a pot of paint for whitening garden labels, an indelible pencil, a ball of twine, some tarred string and tie labels, and, each in its own place, held by a strap, are a trowel, a small hammer, a Daisy fork, clippers, and a strong garden knife. On a nail hangs a housemaid's pad for kneeling on, and in the corner near the door hang a spade and fork, a rake and hoe— all light but strong tools— and here, too, you will find an extremely useful little syringe, furnished by the Abol Company. On a shelf we keep a tin of Abol, one of Clay's Fertilizer, and a box of Slugi- cide— a quite excellent deterrent. Three watering-cans of different sizes complete the outfit, and as we put a gutter piping all round the eaves of the shed and connected it with a water-barrel at one corner, we manage to keep a sufficient water supply on hand. A few pots and wooden boxes for seeds are stowed away beneath the potting bench, and we make frames for the boxes which hold down the paper coverings when it is necessary to keep the seeds in the dark for a few days. Augusta de Lacy Lacy. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. August 1. — R >j al Horticultural Society's M et- ing. August 2. — Chesterfield Horticultural Show-. August 7- — Lichfield, WbIU, Mansfield, Gran- tham, Ilkeston and Prescut and District Flower Shows. August 9.— Tavistock and Ventnor Horti- cultural Shows. August 13 — Royal Horticultural Society's Meeting ; Clay Cross Horticultural Show. August 16 — Bishop's Stortford, CUne, and Hurpendeii Flower Shows. August 17. — Ujffryn District and Taunton Daane Horliuullural Shows. August 19. — Seisoale and Like District and Sheffield Flower Shows. August 22 — Rothesay and Oxford Flower Shows. August 23. — Shrewsbury Floral Fete (two days). August 24 — Aberdeen Flower Show (three days) ; Wargrave and Knowl Hill Cottagers' Horticultural Show. Portrait of Her Grace the Duchess of \Ve8tminster.— The por- trait of the Duchess of Westminster in The Garden of last week was taken by Speaight, New Bond Street, W. Presentation to Mr. R, Dean.— A purse containing £100 was recently presented to Mr. R. Dean by Mr. C. E. Shea, president of the National Chrysanthemum Society. Mr. Shea poke warmly of Mr. Dean's work. Brodiaeagrrandiflora —The position of this pretty bulb has been rather a puzzle in the past. Though the specimen I sent you had six stamina, all the authorities which I have give it as belonging to Triandria monogynia. This is so in "Johnson's Gardeners' Dictionary," in the " Botanical Register," and in the Botanical Magazine. The "Register," however, alludes to the fact that the Squamae on the orifice of the perianthemum are occasionally furnished with perfect anthers, adding ihat in Brodisea congesta this is always so. The Botanical Magazine gives an excellent illustration of these Squamse. The whole article in the Botanical Magazine is very interesting, and appears to me to justify the conclusion arrived at by Mr. Douglas, that what we grow as Brodlsea grandiflora ought rather to be con- sidered a species of Millea of Cavanilles. — T. H. Archer Hind. [Brodifei is now placed in Liliaceae, close to the genus Milla, the L'nnean classificition into Triandria, &c , having long sincB been abandoned. See the 1894 edition of .Johnson's Gardeners' Dictionary," pige 132 It is anomalous amongst the Liliacese in usually (but not always) having only three stamens. — Ed.] Pansies at Wolverhampton.— Many yeirs ago the late Mr. Paul Luiz offered valuable prizes at Wolverhampton for groups of Pansies and Violas staged without bting wired in glasses. These prizes have been continued by the Wolverhampton Society, and at ihiir great exhibition on the 11th, 12th, and 13th inst. several very fine collections were put up, the first prize being obtained by Messrs. W. Pemberton and Sons, Walsall ; the second by Mr. Alderman Waters, Aeocks Green. The first prize lot was as fresh and beautiful as anyone could wish to see, the blooms being large and remarkably rich ill colour. Outstanding varieties were Bronze Kintore, Mrs. Chichester (white, broadly and beautifully edged with heliotrope), and the well- known yellow A. J. R jwberry. The group of seedling Violas staged by Mr. W. Marple, Penkridge, calls for mure than a pissir g remark. Mr. Mirple's flowers show that he is doing much original work with the Viola. He staged ten varieties for the opinion of iho judges. Unfortu- nately, he placed them in a part of the tent away from the general exhibits of Pansits and Violas, and they were overlooked. Two at lea«t of ih" varieties are worthy of high commendation. Mr'. William Marple, a medium-siz d TuWir of splendid substance, clear white centre except for the yellow eye, upper petals beautifully shaded with rich heliotrope, lower petals broadly band> 1 with a lighter shade of the .same colour. Thi was the gem of the lot. Miss F. Riley is similarly marked to Mrs. Marple, but colour a rich violet. Miss Riley is defective in the under petal when compared with Mrs. Marple. Several other seedlings were undoubtedly good, but they were too close to existing varieties to be considered distinct.— W. C. Lecture on the 'Wisley Garden.— A most able and interesting lecture was delivered before the Royal Horticultural Sot iely on July 18 by Mr. S. T. Wright, the superintendent, on the new garden at Wisley. He described the perennial interest of the garden from the Snow- drops, Aconites, Christmas Roses, Primroses, Soillas, Cbionodoxas, and Cyclamen Atkinsii of January and February, down to the glowing autumn tints of the Liquidambar styraciflua with its brilliant crimson foliage, the Bird Cherry (Cerasus padus) one msiss of gold, and other plants even in the late autumn. Among other specially beautiful things which appear to flourish on the site were Epig«a repens, Phormium tenax with leaves 8 feet long, Gunnera manicata with about equally large leaves. Wistaria muliijuga with its tassels ot blooms 2 feet long. Water Lilies of all kinds, Iris Ksempferi, Osmundas, and Spiraeas, all of which flourish in great profusion, besides a host of other beautiful plants too numerous to mention in detail. The Weeping Cherry, which excites such universal admiration when seen in blossom, appeared to be a cascade of pale pink, and no weeping tree could surpass it for effect. The lecturer described the Rhodo- dendrons and Azaleas which had been f pecially selected and planted by the late Mr. G. F. Wilson, and he mentioned the works which had been carried out during the comparatively short period the society had been in possession of the site, which included the erection of a long series ol glass houses and dwellings for the superintendent and for the foreman, extensive water and drainage works, and roads. He mentioned the valuable selections of flowering shrubs and fruit trees and bushes received by the society from the leading nurserymen, and forecasted the work which still I remained to be undertaken. He pointed out that it is very curious and interesting to know that when in the early seventies the council of the society were looking out for a new garden, owing to the polluted atmosphere at Chiswick, excessive drainage, &c., the late owner of the Wisley Garden (G. F. Wilson, Esq.) had informed them that there was a sit« at Wisley that might suit their purpose, and although they did not get the garden then, the society were so fortunate as now to get it as a gift with all the work of the late G. F. Wilson added and developed. This natural garden, so well planned and beautiful, they were keeping the same as it was at his Heat h, as it would be very difficult to improve upon it. The lecture was illustrated with a splendid series of lantern slides from negatives taken by the late Mr. F. G. Lloyd, formerly a member of the council of the societv, copies of which were laid on the table, together with a series of six pictures, showing I he garden under development by the late Mr. Wilson, which were lent by the Society of Arts. Dr. Maxwell Masters, F.R S., expressed his great satisfaction at the gardens, which he bad recently visited, and referred to the urgent need of a horticultural experimental station. The chairman (Harry J. Veitoh, Esq.), in moving a very hearty vote of thaiiks to the lecturer for his admirable paper, said that the council of the society congratulated themselves in having so effective an officer as Mr. Wright, and he felt sure that nothing could have given Mr. Wilson greater pleasure than to have known that the gardens to wh'ch he had devoted so much time and care had not passed into the hands of a builder as WJ.3 so often the case wheu the maker of a garden died, but had been devoted for ever to the objects of the Royal Horticultural Society. The experimental research station had not by my means been lost sight of, and the council had already resolved to proceed therewith when the debt still outstanding on the hall building fund and on the equipment of the gardens had been discharged. He would mention that Mr. Massee of Kew was already carrying out some scientific investigations on behalf of the society at Wisley, which would extend over some two or three years before anv definite result could probably be published. He advised those Fellows who had not already done so, to visit the gardens as opportunity arose, as he felt sure that whenever they went there they would be delighted with what they saw. Horticultural Club.— About seventy members and friends visited the Wisley Gardens last Thursday week, and spent an enjoyable hour in this Surrey woodland. The parly were conveyed by special saloon carriages to Wey- bridge, where brakes were in readiness for the drive to Wisley. After an inspection of the Royal Horticultural Society's garden, lunch was served at the Hunt Hotel. The drive was resumed, through beautiful lanes, to Chertsey, where a launch was awaiting to continue the journey to Kingston. Here brakes were again in readiness to take the parly, at the kind invi- tation of Mr. James Walker, to his charming garden on Ham Common. The magnificent fruit houses were inspected, and a delightful hour spent in the grounds, where refreshments were provided. There were several guests, among them Mr. Arderne from South Africa. A village garden competition. For several years prizes have been given anoually by Mr. F. G. Gregson of Tilliefoure for the best kept gardens in the village of Moneymusk, Aberdeenshire, and these prizes have had a highly beneficial effect in the improvement of the local gardens and the embellishment of the pretty village. This year the gardens were judged by Mr. Grant, Castle Eraser, and Mr. W. Milne, Cortindae House, who awarded the prizes to the following competitors in the order in which they appear : Messrs. Bidencch, Wyness, Barron, Jamieson, and Mathieson. The dry season had told to some extent, but as a whole the gardens were admirably cultivated. July 29, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 55 Desfontainea spinosa.— During late summer and often well into the autumn the bright-coloured flowers of this beautiful shrub are to be seen, and from their distinct character they are sure to attract attention. In habit the Deefontainea forms a sturdy-growing shrub, clothed with spiny leaves, very like those of the Holly ; indeed, when out of bloom it would by the uninitiated be taken for a member of the Holly family. The flowers, however, soon dispel this allusion, as they are tubular in shape, drooping, of a thick wax-like texture, and nearly 2 inches long. In their bright yellow and scarlet colouring they very much suggest those of a Blandfordia or of Rhododendron cinnabarinum. This Desfontainea is a native of the Andes of South America, from Chili to New Grenada, and is thoroughly hardy only in the favoured parts of these islands, for even in the London district it needs a certain amount of protection. It is one of the many beautiful South American shrubs whose introduction we owe to William Lobb. Though 80 much resembling a Holly, the Desfontainea is in no way related thereto, belonging as it does to the natural order Loganiacese, whose only hardy representatives among shrubs are the difi'erent members of the genus Buddleia. It is not very difficult to strike from cuttings, which should be formed of the half-ripened shoots, dibbled firmly into sandy soil, and placed in a frame kept close and shaded till rooted, which will take some months. — H. P. A pretty vapiegated Hydpangea (H. nivalis). — Last autumn an award of merit was given by the Royal Horticultural Society to a very distinct and pretty form of Hydrangea, which was marked in a totally different manner to any of the other variegated Hydrangeas in cultivation. It was again at the Chelsea exhibition well shown by Messrs. William Bull and Sons of King's Road, and gained many admirers. In the old variegated Hydrangea the centre of the leaf is green, margined more or less with pure white or whitish variegation, whereas in the new- comer the reverse is the case, the central portion of the leaf with the leaf-stalks and young stems being of a clear cream tint, while the margin of the leaf is green. In some of the leaves the green-tinted portion extends over more space than in others. Flowering examples were not shown, but from this point of view it is scarcely likely to make much headway, but as a bright and pretty variegated-leaved plant for the green- house (of which, by the way, there are not many) it is sure to become popular. Being a plant of easy propagation and culture, we shall not have long to wait for this Hydrangea to be generally distributed.— H. P. A rape and cupious Opehid— Cymbidium Huttoni. — A rare and curious Orchid, which somewhat resembles a species of Grammatophyllum is now to be seen in full bloom in the Cymbidium house at the Glebelands, the residence of J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. It has fairly long arching racemes, bearing ten to twelve good-sized flowers of substantial texture, and densely spotted with blackish purple on a yellowish green ground, the petals and the tip of the lip being even darker than the sepals. The dark colour of this Orchid makes it a very distinct and desirable species. Originally it was discovered by Mr. Henry Hutton, and intro- duced into cultivation from the island of Java close on forty years ago, but it has been recently reintroduced through the instrumentality of Mr. W. Micholitz when collecting last year for Messrs. Sander and Sons in Central Sumatra, where it was found at a height of about 2,000 feet above sea-level. This moderate height would rather indicate that this species needs not to be grown quite so cool as the majority of the Cymbidiums. The dried flowers sent by Mr. Micholitz are nearly black, and the Central Sumatran form is no doubt diflferent in various ways to Button's typical Javan type. Micholitz says : " The flower-spikes are from 6 inches to 15 inches long, pendulous, and bearing from about six to fifteen flowers ; the flowers are of a thick, almost leathery substance, about 3 inches across ; sepals and petals and also lip thickly dotted with blackish purple on a yellowish green ground ; petals and apex of lip almost black ; back of flower greyish green. When I saw the thing I was struck with the close resemblance to some American Orchid, Cycnoohes, or Mormodes, which I saw many years ago, and if in addition to the leaves and bulbs the plant did not also have the very characteristic roots common to all Grammatophyllum, I would hesitate to say it is VERONICA SPIOATA. (Found wild near Newmarket.) a Grammatophyllum." Micholitz, as one can readily see, took it for a species of Gramma- tophyllum, and it really does seem to be a con- necting link between the two genera Cymbidium and Grammatophyllum. The Kew authorities, however, have decided that it is a true Cymbidium. It was figured in the Botanical Magazine a quarter of a century ago, and com- memorates Mr. H. Hutton, an old friend of the writer's. It has been found twice in Java and twice in Sumatra. Mr. Gurney Fowler will try to produce a hybrid between this Javan species and the Burmese C. lowianum. — Abgotos. Veponica spicata gpowing wild. Most of us can remember in the days of our childhood that there were unknown places into which we were strictly forbidden to wander. These were, not unnaturally, the very haunts we longed to visit ; in them were unknown animals ; there, and there only, could we pluck such flowers as flourished nowhere else ; and as for birds' eggs, if only we could get there, we knew that untold treasures would be ours. The instincts of early days are hard to eradicate, and it may be, perhaps, some lingering vestige of one's youth that always makes us want to explore the wide mysterious expanse of New- market Heath in the quiet hours, when the roar of the ring is hushed, and when even the hardest working trainer is still slumbering peacefully. Those who do so are often well rewarded for their pains, for the Heath is a treasurehouEe to the naturalist and botanist, and if they can only be found some of the rarest of English wild flowers grow there in profusion. It is only a few days ago that Mr. Hughes Hughes came across Veronica spicata in full bloom, and it is entirely owing to his kindness that the writer was enabled to gather the specimens of that beautiful plant of which a picture accompanies these lines. As a border plant in gardens Veronica spicata is fairly well known, but as a purely wild flower it is very rare and local in its habits. For some 200 years it has been mentioned in old books as having been found at intervals on Newmarket Heath, but it is now some twenty-eight jears since it has been noticed, and it is somewhat curious that Mr. Verrall, who is a most enthusiastic observer and collector, has never been fortunate enough to find it for himself, while Mr. Hughes Hughes came upon it a few days ago flowering freely and in considerable quantity.— B. A late summep- floweping^ RhododendPOn. — By the time midsummer is turned the season of the Himalayan Rhodo- dendrons may be regarded as over, but H. Maddeni will often flower some time after that ; indeed, at the Chelsea exhibition it figured among the interesting group of uncommon sub- jects shown by Mr. G. Reuthe of Keston, Kent, where so many Himalayan Rhododendrons do well out of doors. R. Maddeni must, however, be regarded as one of the tenderest of its class, and at least in the neighbourhood of London winter protection is absolutely necessary. When in good condition R. Maddeni forms a freely branched but somewhat loose-growing bush, clothed with oblong-lanceolate leaves, deep green above, and covered with ferrugineous scales underneath. The flowers are not borne in com- pact trusses, as in R. arboreum and many others, but are produced in loose heads, with as a rule not more than half-a-dozen flowers in a cluster, while there are frequently less than that. The individual blooms are about 3 inches or 4 inches long, and as much across the expanded mouth, their colour when fully opened being pure white, though in the bud state they have sometimes a purplish tinge. Beside the specific name of Maddeni it has been known as R. calophyllum, R. Jenkinsi, and R. virginale, but at most these represent only seedling forms, as they may all be obtained from a single pod of seed. This species will as seedlings flower in much less time than many others, that is, if the plants are allowed to run up without stopping. The curious manner in which the bark frequently peels off the stems of this Rhododendron suggests somewhat the behaviour of Arbutus Andrachne. A second species shown in association with R. Maddeni was R. cinnabarinum, whose drooping Bland- fordia-like flowers are so distinct and pretty. According to Mr. Reuthe it flowers with him till summer is well advanced, which may perhaps be an individual peculiarity, as I have never found it behave in this way. — H. P. 56 THE GARDEN. [July 29, 190B. Dobbie's white spiral Candytuft. — At their new seed grounds at Mark's Tey, Messrs. Dobbie and Co. have a large area of this new form of Candytuft. It is strange that the plant is not more often met with. The strain is now as good as one could wish for ; infinite pains are taken to keep up the standard. The flower- ing spikes are fully 5 inches to 6 inches long, and almost 2 inches in diameter. The flowers are pure white ; the seed is sown in October, the resulting seedlings planted out in March, and by midsummer they are in full blossom. Mr. Cuthberteon is hoping some day to raise a crimson-purple Candytuft of spiral form, and is persevering in this direction. ^D. B. C. Thie Sliipley Poppies.— Last year I was fortunate in procuring a small packet of seed from a very good source, and thought that I had seen the Shirley Poppies at their best. This season, however, the display quite eclipses anything previously seen in my garden. This is to be attributed entirely to the kindness of the Rev. W. Wilks, secretary of the Royal Horti- cultural Society, who this year again offered to the Fellows of the society a packet of seed on application to Shirley Vicarage. Rich tones of colour and splendid markings characterise most of the flowers. I have seen in the seed grounds of two large growers this season large areas devoted to Shirley Poppies, but neither of them were to be compared for beauty and diversity of markings with those seen in the latest development of the originator of the strain. British floriculturists will ever be indebted to Mr. Wilks for this beautiful annual. I find the plants appreciate an occasional application of manure water, subsequent to a free application of clear water. As a consequence, the flowers are better in every respect. The bed devoted to the Shirley Poppies is picked over each morning quite early, and the ends of the flower-stalks are steeped in boiling water for about three minutes. By these means the flowers continue to progress, and invariably remain in good condition for three days.— D. B. C. Cyppipedium Daisy Barelay.- This new and very beautiful variety is the progeny of two of the finest Cypripediums in cultivation, viz., C. Godefroyte leucochilum X C. rothschildianum. The flowers are creamy white, with rich claret-purple markings, disposed in lines along the sepals and petals, the lip having spots of deep rose-purple. In general contour they moat resemble 0. rothschildianum, but have very large lower sepals, which are most beautifully marked with red-purple colour on a creamy ground. This plant when recently exhibited before the Royal Horticultural Society was deservedly awarded a first-class certificate, for although bearing some resemblance to C. Rolfese, even the best varieties of the latter are much inferior to that under notice. It is one of the most beautiful hybrid Cypripediumsyetraised, and Mr. Gurney Fowler must be congratulated on flowering it for the first time. — Arqutus. CORRESPONDENCE. (The Editor ia not responsible for the opinions expressed hy correspondents. ) BISHOP'S WEED IN LAWN. [To THE Editor or "The Garden."] SIR, — Since asking you for information some weeks ago as to the simplest way of getting rid of this terrible pest, I have had a valuable, though rather costly, experience that should be of service to others who are troubled in the same way ; and, though the process may seem rather complicated and slow, I am satisfied that there is no quicker or cheaper one, and it should serve as a warning to look sharply after the first signs of the evil. Of course, this applies to lawns only. with tough fibrous grass roots that have been well rolled into a hard, compact mass, and not to Bishop's Weed growing in a flower or vegetable border, where it can easily be uprooted and shaken out from the loose soil. The affected area in m5' lawn was about 500 superficial yards, the result of about twenty years' neglect in pre- venting the weed spreading into the grass from an adjacent flower and Rose border. After repeated and ineffectual attempts to pick the Bishop's Weed out of freshly-dug turf, we were ultimately obliged to resort to the laborious process of digging up the latter into small pieces about 10 inches long by 4 inches to 6 inches square, setting them up on end to dry (which fortunately did not take very long during our exceptionally dry spring and early summer), and then banging them to dust by means of a heavy three-pronged plasterer's " hawk," as it is called in Scotland. After this, all the fibrous grass roots and Bishop's Weed had to be shaken out together, it being still impossible to separate them, much as we wished to preserve the former for potting purposes, and, after requiring to be again banged from one to three times — according to the nature of the adhering soil — by means of a heavy spade or fork, it was at last ready to be burned. But even the burning of it required special treatment, owing to the large proportion of soil that still adhered to it and a clamminess that no amount of sun-heat and wind could dry out of it, and the bonfire had to be carefully built up as follows : First, a heap of dry sticks and straw were laid on the ground ; then half a dozen stout branches firmly planted upright around it, on which cross branches and other dry material were laid hori- zontally, and upon this foundation the first layer of roots was spread, followed by alternate layers of dry sticks, straw, and roots until a height of about 3 feet was reached, when a second row of stouter and taller branches was planted outside the first lot, so as to allow the bonfire to be built to a height of 7 feet. Lastly, the very lighting of it had to be studied scientifically, because our first bonfires very soon toppled over and smothered themselves after having been lit in the orthodox fashion at the bottom, all the supporting frame- work of branches having been burned through long before the heavy damp weeds had got alight, and therefore we ultimately discovered that the proper place to light it was half-way up, which allowed the framework of branches to stand up and support the weeds until the very end of the fire. But even the bonfires do not end our troubles, because a great many small fragments of the Bishop's Weed roots are left in the ground after repeated forking and raking, and even after sift- ing the dust through a quarter-inch mesh sieve, and the only way to get at them is to leave the ground fallow or plant it with vegetables and annuals for two or three years, during which period the surviving roots are obliged to show themselves in leaf at the surface, and can then be forked up and burned. It is not safe to lay down the affected ground with grass again for at least two years, because I am just now discover- ing small patches of Bishop's Weed spreading through other grass plots that were sown with grass shortly after being cleared of Bishop's Weed about eight years ago. Edinburgh. Victim. NEW CLIMBING KOSES. [To THE Editor or "The Garden."] Sir, — In your recent references to the Rose Philadelphia Rambler, which received an award at the Temple Show, the colour is described as rather dull crimson, which suggests the possi- bility that it was seen in a poor light or under adverse conditions. With us Philadelphia is very rich and glowing in colour, not far removed from Ulrich Brunner in tint, and this brilliancy does not fade out. This year Crimson Rambler deteriorated very rapidly, owing to excessively humid heat at time of blooming, the flowers quickly fading to a sickly magenta, but Phila- delphia retained its brilliancy to the last. The flower is better finished than that of Crimson Rambler, possessing more substance, while the firm glossy foliage is much superior. However, we need them both, for the difference of a week or ten days in time of bloom gives a much pro- longed season of beauty. Another new pillar Rose originated by Dr. Van Fleet, but not yet disseminated, will, I think, make a strong impression when it becomes known. It is the result of crossing wichuraiana with Souvenir du President Carnot. It is a very robust grower, with broad, shining foliage, making thick canes, growing 8 feet or more in a season. The flowers are semi -double, forming an elegant pointed Tea bud, light rosy flesh in colour ; they grow singly or in clusters of three or five, on very long stems. The flowers are produced profusely over a long season in June and July, and the finished green- house beauty of both flowers and foliage, with its robust habit and extreme hardiness, make it really unique. It has passed through two excep- tionally severe and prolonged winters with me, in an exposed situation, without any protec- tion. It has been called, tentatively. Daybreak Rambler. Many of the mostdelicately beautiful pillar Roses I see referred to in The Garden will not endure our variegated climate, and this makes Daybreak double valuable to us. Two successive winters which gave prolonged zero temperature (including twenty-three below) have illustrated the survival of the fittest. Ruby Queen is extremely satis- factory, forming a fountain of bloom ; climbing Clothilde Soupert is hardy and free, but as the Rose-chafers ate the entire crop of June flowers I must possess my soul in patience until the next crop of bloom is with us and the chafers are not. Emily Taplin Boyle. May wood, New Jersey. CLEMATIS FAILING. [To THE Editor of " The Garden."] Sir, — My experience with Clematis may interest some of your readers. My soil is stiff and deficient in lime ; Rhododendrons grow freely in it. Three years ago I planted six Clematises ; some died at once, the others struggled on and died during the summer. This spring I planted four more, and divided nearly a bucketful of lime scraps among the soil they were planted in. They are all in good health and growing vigorously. I attribute the difference entirely to the lime. Rothley, Loughborough. A. H. Bennett. NOTABLE GARDENS. GROVE HALL, EETFOED. WHAT a lovely old place is Grove Hall, and what a splendid situation — some two and a-half miles from the little town of Retford. The approach is a pleasant one, and very rural. Passing through the park gate one is attracted by a magnificent pair of Wellingtonias ; the park is undulating, and some fine old Oaks are noticeable. The mansion itself is a spacious building, and from the terrace a magnificent view is obtained ; an occasional glimpse of Lincoln Cathedral — some seventeen miles away — on the one hand, and into Derbyshire on the other, can be had. Flanking the house is a large stretch of lawn, and here are some of the finest specimens of Beech we have seen, whose spreading branches reach almost to the ground ; a fine old Araucaria, some 50 feet high, and a big specimen of Garrya elliptica are noticeable. Rustic arches, covered with climbing Roses, enclose a large circular bed, and close by July 29, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 57 is a very fine Spirse ariaefolia. The small Rose garden, recently planted, contains such varieties as Mme. Pierre Coohet, Lauretta Messimy, Souv. de Catherine Guillot, Dr. Grill, and others ; a fine old Gloire de Dijou with some 200 to 300 blooms on it is noticeable. Winding walks through well-kept shrubberies are a feature ; the pleasure grounds and shrubberies are some 10 acres to 12 acres in extent. The kitchen garden is enclosed by walls 24 feet thick, a great portion of which can be heated, if necessary, to protect the fruit trees in severe weather, flues being provided for that purpose. We made a tour of the outside to inspect the borders and fruit trees, and Mr. Welch, the head gardener, grows enthusiastic when talking of fruit growing ; indeed, through- out the gardens are evidences that Mr. Welch makes a point of doing all things well. Pears are a fair crop ; Apples, though not a large crop, are yet satis- factory, and Cox's Orange Pippin here produced fruit last season 9| inches in circumference. What a splendid row of Bramley's Seedlings are here ! They bear a fair crop, and from a particularly fine lot of trees. On the walls are Apricots, Cherries, and Greengages. A border of Sir John Llewelyn Potatoes looks extremely well. Inside the kitchen garden is a charming sight. Roses are largely grown, and very fine they are ; each walk is lined on either side with Roses. The following were particularly ffood : Bessie Brown, La France, White Manian Cochet, Jeannie Dickson, Dr. Grill, Mme. Pernet Ducher, Glory of Cheshunt, Gustave Regis, Grace Darling, Caroline Testout, Sofrano, A. K. Williams, Golden Gate, Sou- venir de S. A. Prince, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Margaret Dickson, Empress Alexandra of Russia (beautiful coloui). Captain Hay- ward, &c. Over arches were trained Crimson Rambler, The Garland, Tbalia, Longworth Rambler, &e. ; while on pillars, again, were such as Dorothy Perkins, Ards Rover, &o., and particularly noticeable were ppifect specimens of Crimson Rambler in standard form. Oq a very interesting border we noticed the following new Roses : Etoile de France, Fiau Li 11a Rautenstrauch, Billiard et BariiS, Arethusa, Mme. Ravary, Souv. de Pierre Netting, La Tosca, M. Paul Led^, the beau- tiful Lady Roberts, Amateur Teyssier of exceptional beauty, Pharisaer, May Capuoine, and Grand Due de Luxembourg very fine. Peaches and Nectarines on the walls (outside) were an excellent crop, and Currants on bush trees were a revelation, Riby Castle and Fay's Prolific bearing immense crops of fine fruit. Gooseberries, too, were excellent. Strawberries are an impjriiant crop here, and these, like other fruits, gave abundant evidence of good cultiva- tion. Several varieties are grown, but Mr. Welch has the best opinion of Royal Sovereign, which here is much better than The Laxton. Trafalgar is a fine late variety, and a new variety, Givon's Late, has done well. Of the kitchen garden generally, the whole of the crops are excellent, and do justice to the care bestowed upon them. Of Peas, English Wonder is a favourite, and is ten days earlier than Excelsior ; Sutton's Early Giant, Gradus, Eureka, and Best of All are also grown, while Autocrat is a favourite late variety. In the glass department. Black Hamburgh, Muscat of Alexandria, and Groa Guillaume Grapes bear good crops, one large Vine carrying forty- five bunches. In the Tomato house is a good crop, both dessert and cooking varieties, some with ten to twelve trusses to a plant, and eighteen to twenty fruits on a truss. In other houses are a nice lot of Bamboos, Adiantums, Crotons, Pandanus, Begonias, &o. In the Peach houses, too, there are excellent crops. The pond from which the water supply for the garden is obtained is a picturesque spot, the banks being KOSB ALBERIC BAKBIER OVER ABOH IN A GARDEN AT BATH planted with Irises. By the side of the walks are clumps of Spirjea Aruncus with from fifty to sixty fine spikes of flowers. The gardens at Grove Hall date back to 1798, and are the home of the "Grove" variety of Celery. Mr. E. E. Harcourt Vernon, the owner, takes a great interest in bis beautiful grounds, and in the interest and welfare of bis workpeople. Mr. Welch has had charge of the gardens since 1874. He is much in request as a judge at shows throughout a wide area. Some of the men have worked in the garden for upwards of twenty years, a fact that volumes for the feeling existing between them. W. L. THE ROSE GARDEN. A EOSE GARDEN AT BATH. BATH is a city of hills and dales, the hill-sides a monotony of grey- terraced, houses and hot white roads the dales. Once leave these behind, however, and the hills and hollows are clothed with gardens where plants luxuriate. What a relief to turn from the glaring dusty roads to the cool restfulness of a wayside garden, and especially a garden such as the one we have in mind. The garden belonging to Mrs. Rust, which we recently had the pleasure of visiting, is a delightful mingling of the new and the old. In the mixed borders, those flowers dear to the hearts of our grandparents — favourites of a past genera- tion, and, fortunately, favourites still with some — flourish with a vigour born of |»i long experience and an ' intimate knowledge of their soil and surroundiogs. Old- fashioned Eoses, too, cover the arbours and pergolas with a freedom of growth and profusion of flowers that the most vigorous of the newer Eoses cannot excel. The glory of this garden lies in its Roses. Covering each path that separates the prosaic kitchen and fruit garden plots one from the other are arches of Roses, each one, without exception, rampantly happy and unmis- takably at home. Their shoots are blossom wreaths in pink, white, red, and yellow, trans- forming the bare walks into arcades of flowers. The arches cover the walks at intervals of a few yards, and against them are planted the following varieties among otkers, each arch being covered with one variety only, Alberic Barbier (the pale yellow hybrid wichu- raiana, more often seen creeping over a rootery or trailing along the ground), Wallflower, Leuchtstern, Claire Jacquier, Carmine Pillar, Reine Olga de Wur- temburg. Crimson Rambler, Aim6e Vibert, Mme. d'Arblay, and others. We give illustra- tions of Alberic Barbier and Wallflower. The vigour of the former is well shown, the growths being made this year are of extraordinary size. Wall- flower was simply a mass of flower, and one of the most gorgeous bits of gardencolour wehave ever seen. One side of the arch was simply a panel of red. This variety has not been planted so long as some of the others, so that it has thoroughly covered one side of the arch only. Claire Jacquier is making perhaps the most rampant growth of any. This Rose is almost always spoken of as not quite hardy, yet we have seen some splendid plants of it this year, the young growths almost Beetroot colour and extremely vigorous. 58 THE GARDEN. [July 29, 1905. In Mrs. Rust's garden the hedge of Penzance Briars is a remarkably fine one, and note- worthy also is one of Rosa rugosa. Many hundreds of bush Roses are grown here, and there must have been almost an acre of plants in flower when we saw them. The blooms of Ulrich Brunner, Caroline Testout, La France, Clio, and other vigorous varieties were really wonderful, and no doubt would render a very good account of themselves when exhibited in competition. We have rarely seen a Rose garden that might so truthfully be called a garden of Roses, for there were Roses, Roses everywhere. THE BEST GARDEN ROSES. Notes from a Midland Garden. As this is the month par excettence for Roses, the following notes may be of some use to those who intend to add to their Rose gardens, as they are taken in a garden which has oyer three hundred dififerent sorts, not mentioning those commonly called " the old - fashioned Roses," such as Celestial and Old Tuscany, or what are almost Briars, like nuttaliana and Fendleri. Yet the latter sorts have great charms, not sufficiently realised, as they are usually planted in surroundings not suitable to their growth or appearance. Of some of these I hope to write about later. I commenced my garden-making some fourteen years ago, and amongst the many lessons I have been taught about Rose gardening are the following : First, to grow your Hybrid Perpetuals all together, your Tea Roses together, Hybrid Teas together, and Polyanthus (dwarf) also, never viix them ; their growths are different, and you want far more room between each bush, yet how often do you see in gardens beds of Rosea with, say, an Ulrich Brunner cheek by jowl with a weak- growing Tea Rose ! Secondly, plan to have some place, either leading away from the Rose garden proper, or quite apart from it, where you can grow the "old-fashioned Roses" and such sorts as the different varieties of China, wichuraiana, Rugosa, and Rose species. Every year I order about fifty of the newest sorts of Roses, plant them by themselves, and then weed out those that are not worthy of a place in the permanent beds. It is very disheartening to find after some wonderful description in a catalogue and a long new name that there is possibly no difference at all between the new Rose one has been treasuring all the winter and the bloom of one that is a very ancient friend. I have to-day been going the round of the Roses, marking those that are unworthy— either from colour, habit, or mildew propensity — to be kept, and which will be cremated on the rubbish heap in the autumn. But to turn to the successes amongst the newer Roses. Paul Lidi is quite one of the beat, undaunted by intense heat, it hardly flags, and in pouting rain unfolds well, and is exquisite in form and colour. It is now promoted to a front place in my favourite bed. This particular bed is given over to "colour" Roses. Here flourish all the Guillot family, Mme. A. Mari, Liberty, Papa Gontier, Comtesse Festetics Hamilton, Aurora, Mme. H. Lenillot, Pauline Bersez, Lady Moyra Beauclerk, BeautiJ Incon- stante, Dr. Grill, M. Joseph Hill, Gustave Regis, Sou v. de W. Robinson, Beryl, General Gallieni, G. Nabonnand, General Schablikine, Ideal, and others, while that indescribable colour of Due Adolphe de Luxembourg makes a glowing mass at the back of the bed from early spring to late autumn. In the wilder part of the garden the knife is never used, and the consequence is that an immense bush, 12 feet high, of Mme. Georges Bruant is a sheet of white flowers, and scenting the air for some way round, while opposite it is a splendid bush (of the same height) and covered with huge panicles of its sweet flowers of that magnificent Rose Brunonis moschata. These ROSE WALLFLOWER IN A BATH GARDEN. (Colour, rich rose.) Roses are never pruned, but the dead wood cut out each spring. The latter is additionally handsome by having very beautiful berries in the autumn. That excellent Briar Soleil d'Or is just finishing the good work it has been doing in keeping the garden bright ; it keeps its colour better where not planted in brightest sun, and, as someone remarked the other day, " at a distance it looked like a Rose bush covered with poached eggs ; " it is very double, large, an intense orange colour, and desirable in every way. Two very beautiful Rose arches just now are covered with Crimson Rambler and Myrianthes Ranon- cule (they both bloom exactly together, and the red and white are brilliant), and another of Rosa rubrifolia, and Queen Alexandra is very pleasing in its soft pink and grey effect, as is also an arch of Leuchtstern and Virginian Rambler. The colouring of Roses on arches is not often thought out enough, thus you sometimes find Dr. Rouges and Reine Marie Henriette planted together. A small bed of the Polyantha Clothilde Soupert is quite charming, but to me it looks much more like a Bourbon than Poljantha; it is somewhat like that delightful Mme. Pierre Oger in shape, only with a carmine heart instead of pale pink, and very much dwarfer. I suppose ever} one almost grows Artoine Rivoire, Prince de Bulgarif , Viscountess de Savigny, Emilie Gouin, and Dr. Felix Guyon, if not, they should hasten to. Of the very newest Rosea on trial, so far I like Mile. J. Phillippe, Souv. de Mme. Levet, Tillier, and Princess Mertschy best, but one must see their autumn efforts before judging, and the latter is too much like La France. Among the " interesting " Rosea in bloom now are Sancta, Burgundian, Mme. Plantier, Damascena, Old Tuscany, Cabbage, York and Lancaster, and the Apothecary's Rose. Now a word as to soil. This is a strong clay in the cold Midland', but I find by far the best place for the Roses is where they get well wind-swept in the winter, as it keeps the buds dormant, and so they do not suffer so much from those nightmares of a roaarian, viz., late spring frosts. "Herb o' Grace." ORNAMENTAL FENCE OF ROSES. [In reply to " M. A. &"] We have frequently advocated such a fence as you propose to make. They are far more useful than Laurel or Privet hedges, and do not im- poverish the soil for other occupants to aucb an extent as these latter shrubs. You would do well to commence the work early in September if practicable, which would enable the land to settle down before planting. Trench two spits deep, but keep the aubaoil at bottom. Work in farmyard manure and half-inch bones rather liberally. As to the number of plants required, this would much depend upon the height of acreen you desired, as those sorts that grow most vigorously would be planted further apart. For a screen of, say, 5 feet to 6 feet high, we should say 3 feet apart would be about the right distance. Where possible procure own-root plants, as in the end these are the beat. We do not care for iron posts, but would prefer Oak. They should be let into the ground about 2 feet to 3 feet. Many of the Roses are best trained in palmate form ; they flower and grow better. We name three dozen sorts, which would provide you with a good selection. Those marked with an asterisk, being perpetual, should be distributed at intervals along the fence. We omit the Ayrshire and Evergreen Roses, also Crimson Rambler, Dorothy Perkins, Queen Alexandra, and Blush Rambler, which you say you have already : The Garland, Jersey Beauty, Alberic Barbier, Auguste Barbier, Gardenia, Rene Andre, Elisa Robichon, Rubin, Lady Gay, Pink Pearl, Elecira, Helen^, *Conrad F. Meyer, Mrs. Anthony Waterer, Carmine Pillar, Wall- flower, The Lion, Una, *Climbing Caroline Testout, *Climbing Belle Siebrecht, *Bardou Job, •Gloire des Rosomanes, Purity, *Mme. Alfred Carri^re, *Longworth Rambler, •Aim(5e Vibert, •W. A. Richardson, *Griiss an Teplitz, 'Lady Waterlow, 'England's Glory, *Gloire de Dijon, *Fran5ois Crousse, "Marie Lavallee, *Morgenroth, *Mme. J. Pereire, and *Ulrich Brunner. ROSE GRUSS AN TEPLITZ. The value of this Roae aa a bedder cannot be too highly insisted upon. It seems to flower almost continuously. It was one of the first of our Rosea to open, and now at this date, although moat of our othera are over, it stands out con- apiououaly. Many hundreds of buds have yet to open. The colour is vivid crimson, and contrasts well with Frau Karl Druschki and Caroline Testout. G. Burrows. BRIAR ROSES UNA AND ARVENSIS. In the autumn of 1903 I was somewhat puzzled aa to what was the best flowering plant to cover a very steep bank of earth close to the river edge, facing east, and partly shaded by a huge Plane tree. Roses seemed almost out of the question. July 29, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 59 but, having previously seen these two lovely Briars with their Euoharis-like flowers, I was tempted to give them a trial. A deep trench 2 feet wide was made at the bottom of the bank, into which was put a good mixture of stiff loam, cow manure, and bones. The Briars were then planted and the shoots pegged down to the bank. The results last summer were rather disappoint- ing, but towards autumn they threw out some splendid growths from 12 feet to 15 feet in length, which have rewarded us this year with hundreds of flowers. They are two splendid Roses, very hardy, and a great acquisition for such a cold, shady position, where for a great number of years only Ivy has been known to flourish. Avon Castle. G. BuRBOws. THE FLOWER GARDEN. GOOD BORDER PLANTS. NO W that the herbaceous borders are in the full glory of their first summer beauty, a little review of suc- cesses and failures may be of use for future work. It is curious how the blossoming of things differs in time and season. The Del- phiniums were late this year and so are still in flower, and very desirable it is that we can reckon on their exquisite blue shades. The Oriental Poppies are over, and their somewhat unsightly stems cut down. The scarlet Lychnis take their place well in point of colour, but they require keeping well together, and when the weather is hot occasionally watering. Some of the most beautiful flowers in the border now are very large plants of sulphur yellow Snapdragon ; it is unusually sturdy and free in growth and finely flowered ; it makes a delicate and charming contrast with the blue Lark- spurs. Large clumps of Sutton's pink beauty Sweet William, too, are very telling, and so are the rose Canterbury Bells. These are splendid this summer, and if every faded flower is snipped off and a little liquid manure is given, there will be a second blooming almost as good. How valuable, too, are the dark velvet Sweet Williams, and here and there the brilliant flame of a crimson Canna. I wish one could find any place for the Orange Lilies in a mixed border. Directly a crimson flower comes near there is a colour discord ; orange in the foreground does not seem to offend in the same way. The great masses of Crimson Rambler fill the eye with such a wealth of colour that its pink sisters are quite put in the shade. Another year I will keep them farther apart and away from such a not of colour as surrounds them now. White flowers are very effective. Th« spikes of a belated Lupin are a delight with the azure Delphiniums, and so are the tall Cam- panula persicifolia, which, by the by, must be staked, and it is not always easy to do this tidily. The Gaillardias are late, too, this summer, and the Iceland Poppies, which flowered profusely very early, must have their seed vessels taken off at once to ensure a full second flowering. I am anxiously awaiting the blossoming of Miss Jekyll Love- in-a-Mist, for then we shall have blue to succeed, to a certain degree, the departed Delphiniums, also I am impatiently looking for Nicotiana Sanderas, of which we have heard so much. A. de L. L. CALCEOLARIA INTEGRIFOLIA. This Calceolaria, though rarely met with else- where, has been common at the mouth of the Dart for certainly over thirty years, but I can learn nothing as to its first introduction into the neighbourhood. It is now to be met with in many other parts in the south-west, but I believe that in all cases the plants owed their origin to the Kingswear Calceolarias. I read not long since that this plant was useless for outdoor work, as it would not stand frost. This, how- ever, is an erroneous idea, since Calceolaria in- tegrifolia is hardier than the shrubby Veronicas. Two years ago I gave a friend residing near and stoniest sites. A line has been growing for some years in stony soil at the top of a retaining wall, over which Mesembryanthemum edule hangs. Immediately behind the Calceolarias is a high hedge of Laurustinus. How the Calceolarias exist it is difficult to imagine, for the soil must be full of the roots of the Laurustinus and Mesembryanthemum, and in summer is dust-dry, as the wall faces due south. However, though they make but little growth, the Calceolarias are covered with flowers every July, and show no signs of dying. Calceolaria iutegrifolia deserves to be considered one of the best of the smaller- flowering shrubs in the south-west. S. W. FlTZHERBEET. THE VALUE OF VIOLAS AS BEDDING PLANTS. MoKB than twenty years ago a gardener who had worked much in Scotch gardens told me that Violas at one establishment were the principal plants used for ordinary summer bedding. The reason why these plants were so employed came about as follows, namely : All the summer- flowering subjects had been planted out — a large THE INTERESTING CALCEOLARIA INTEGRIFOLIA. (Piee feet high.) Plympton a number of cuttings ; plants raised from these were put out last year, and by the autumn were from 1 foot to 18 inches in height. In November 18° of frost was experienced, followed by a very sunny day. Numbers of shrubby Veronicas, Cytisus racemosus, Cordy- line australis, and in one case Olearia stellulata, were killed, and the foliage of the Calceolarias was browned, but not a single plant died, and all have grown well this year. Calceolaria integrifolia is at its best in July, when it is a sheet of gold, and after the zenith of its beauty is past continues to bloom more sparsely until November. The plants illustrated are 5 feet in height, but isolated specimens are often con- siderably taller. This Calceolaria is absolutely indifferent to soil, making vigorous growth in rich and deep quantity of various kinds of plants — but a late severe frost destroyed them. There being a nice lot of Violas in the garden in question, they were made to do duty for the others as far as possible, with the result that they were a great success. For many years afterwards Violas were depended upon for the summer bedding. In Southport, where there are many sandy gardens, Violas were, some years ago, used extensively for the flower gardens in summer time, and always gave great satisfaction. Further south, in Bournemouth, these plants are every year largely grown, and look splendid. The soil is a light sandy loam. Violas do best in a good sound loam, but they can be grown in lighter soils with much success. The great beauty of the individual blooms and the long time the plants continue to flower make them favourites compost, and retaining its health in the driest i with many persons. To ensure a continuous 60 THE GARDEN. [July 29, 1905. supply of blossoms every faded flower should be regularly picked off, then fresh buds will quickly follow. It is not wise to retain or depend upon old plants. New ones may be raised from seeds or cuttings. Take off' the aide shoots near the base of the plant, those which are strong, as they will soon form roots if inserted in a firm border with a north aspect, or in a cool frame. These will be splendid plants for bedding out next year. Avondale. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS. OTHONNA CHEIRIFOLIA. HARDY flowers that can bear the cold of winter and heat and drought of summer without suffering are valuable. This Othonna has powers of endur- ance that render it one of the best things in cultivation for positions that sometimes cause the hardy flower grower much trouble to embellish. The strong heat and dry soil that are the death of many things seem to be congenial to it ; in fact, it really needs a lot of dry heat to ripen the wood. It is an old plant, having been introduced into this country in 1752, was first described in the Botanical Register, and is a native of Barbary. It is a curious plant, coming midway between shrubby and her- baceous plants, the glaucous, fleshy foliage having much resemblance to that of the broad-leaved Stonecrops. The stems rise to a height of about 2 feet, the weight of the foliage bringing them down to the ground when they push out fresh roots. The bright yellow composite flowers are produced in April and ^lay. In my experience it does not bloom well in a young state. In the first year or two the growth is apt to be rank, and does not seem to mature sufiiciently. J. CORNHILL. clusters of tiny yellow blossoms ; in the autumn the foliage assumes a charming colouring ; and in the early winter the young leaves are slowly developed, being then fully as delicate and grace- ful as the foliage of Asparagus plumosus. Among the best-known Ferulas are F. communis, F. tingitana, F. glauca, F. conspicua, F. gigantea, and F. Linki, the subject of the accompanying illustration. This is a very effective plant, and introduced from Italy in 168.3, and as my edition of the " Hortus Britannicua" was published in 1850, it is evident that it was not in the English flora of that period. All the members of the Nettle family seed freely, and as in all pro- bability this species became widely distributed at a time when comparatively few exotic plants were introduced, it is easy to see how it became naturalised. A short time since a friend brought is the most ornamental of the family, growing to i me a bit of this Lamium, which he found growing a height of 8 feet. It is well adapted to planting | on the banks of the river Wey far removed from in the wild garden, where a group has a noble ! human habitations. He is a good botanist and appearance. The specimen here shown is grow- ing in a verj' interesting garden in the south of Ireland at the edge of a small lake. S. W. F. LAMIUM MACULATUM. About twenty years ago this came into my hands under the name of L, striatum. Seeing A GRACEFUL FOLIAGE PLANT. (Ferula Linki.) For grace of foliage there are few plants that can rival the Fennels, and their merits as valuable subjects for the embel- lishment of the garden are being gradually recognised. In Devon- shire the common form is a familiar wild plant, and large colonies growing on the wide spaces by the roadside or at the edge of a common make exceed- ingly pretty pictures. At all seasons of the year the Fennels are beautiful. In the spring their great arching, finely-divided leaves, with their filigree tracery, have reached their fullest development and shine with metallic green ; in the early summer the tall, many- branched flower-stem is set with countless broad said that it was very rare, and so thought It would interest me to know that it might be included in the flora of the district. Although I know the wild flowers of this locality very well, I had never seen it growing wild, and for the momentit puzzled me to account for its presence in such an out-of-the-way spot. Then I remembered that many years ago there stood an old cottage, the site of which is now ploughed ground, within a few yards of the spot where the Lamium was found. Undoubtedly, some forty or fifty years ago it was grown in that cottage garden. The house and garden are gone, the plant still lingers near the place where it once found a happy home. One may class this Lamium among the neglected plants, but it is useful for cover- ing bare places, as it is one of those things that no amount of bad weather in winter can damage, and when once estab- lished seems to choke all kinds of weeds. By fleet, Surrey. J. Cornhill. A NOBLE WATERSIDE PLANT (jERnLA LINKi). that the leaves are not spotted, but have a very distinct white stripe running down them, this name is certainly more appropriate than the one originally given it. I am told that this Lamium is, by our leading botanists, now classed among our native plants, but I am inclined to think that it is an escape. According to Loudon it was THE BRONZE -LEAF (RODGERSIA). Natives of China and Japan, the members of this genus are herbaceous plants of considerable garden value on account of their handsome foliage and graceful panicles of white, cream, or rose- coloured flowers. Quite hardy, and of easy culture in moist, but not wet, peaty soil, mixed with loam and sand, this Bronze-leaf forms a very distinct feature in border or bog garden. R. podophylla is the best known species, and is, in fact, the only one in general cultiva- tion. The umbrella-like leaves, deeply divided into five segments, contribute greatly to the value of the plant. Varying in height, according to situation, from 18 inches to 3 feet, the long petioles bear themselves erect with the broad leaflets slightly drooping in a whorl at the apex. R. pinnata is a new and valuable addition, only having been recently put into com- merce. The bright clear rose- coloured flowers are more freely and more regularly produced than those of the last-named species. Well ■ established clumps have now several handsome panicles of bloom on stems 3 feet and 4 feet high, presenting a most distinct and noble appearance above the mass of ruddy tinted emerald green leaves. The specific name is justified by the arrangement of the five segments which compose the leaf. More rounded at the apex than in the case of R. podophylla, the terminal leaflet is in line with the petiole, while the rest are arranged two on each side, at July 29, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 61 varying distances apart. Possessing a constitu- tion of perfect hardiness, together with a distinct type of beauty fitting it to rank amongst the best of hardy perennials, this rare plant has a " future" before it. R. sesculifolia is a splendid species not yet procurable from the trade, but it may be seen in some botanic gardens. In habit this is, perhaps, the most graceful of all. The long inflorescence is a much-branched panicle of rounded paniclets, 1 foot to nearly 2 feet in length, borne on slightly arching stems, while the handsome foliage, glossy green in colour, strongly resembles the leaves of a Horse Chestnut. R. pinnata alba is the name of a plant recently given an award of merit by the Royal Horticul- tural Society. It would be interesting to know if this plant is distinct from R. sesculifolia above noted, since leaves of the last-named species sometimes appear with characteristics which might justify their being described as "pinnate." R. tabularis (Komar) is yet only in the seedling stage, but if it proves as good as the three species already described, we shall have a genus or Chinese hardy perennials of great value fof garden cultivation. Neston, Cheshire. E. Hobton. THE SIBERIAN LARKSPUR (DELPHI- NIUM GRANDIFLORUM FL.-PL.). This splendid plant has been in its present quarters five years, and this year measured 5 feet 8 inches in height. It is the earliest Delphinium to flower here, and is of a pure deep blue ; no hint of mauve in its colouring. It is hardy, and likes a rich loam ; but to succeed in growing such a plant as is shown in the photograph it must be saved from slugs. A zinc collar has kept this plant safe. E. Watt. THE EDITOR'S TABLE A Very Distinct Bean. Mr. C. Engelmann, Horneybrook Nursery, Safi'ron Walden, sends a very distinct Bean of a pretty pink colouring. We advise our corre- spondent to send a dish to the fruit committee of the Royal Horticul- tural Society. Rosa watsoniana. From the Rev. R. H. Wilmot, Poulton Vicarage, Fairford, comes a spray of Ro^a watsoniana. Of little beauty or value as a garden plant, it is never- theless most interesting. It came originally from Japan, and it probably reached this country from America. Whether a wild species or a cultivated Japanese plant does not seem very clear. In the Arnold arboretum it is said to flower freely, but this does not appear to be one of its characteristics in this country. It is a semi- prostrate plant, the leaves three or sometimes five sight it appears to be badly attacked with red spider. Professor Cr^pin, at the Chiswick Rose Conference in 1889, considered it nearest R. anemonseflora. Because of its distinct foliage it was tried some fifteen or eighteen years ago as a stock in America. With some of the stocks used it is very difficult to distinguish suckers from the scion. The result of the ex- periments does not seem to have been published Sweet Peas and Sutton's Pink Beauty Swiet William. "Viola" sends some very fine Sweet Peas in many colourings, but especially interesting are the flowers of Sutton's Pink Beauty Sweet William, which has been flowering in our garden for some weeks past. It is a strong and leafy plant, but the foliage is al- most hidden in the flowering season by the clusters of rich pink, in which there is a shade of salmon. A more beautiful hardy plant for June and early July does not exist. Masses of it give a remarkably fine distant effect. It is the purest and brightest of all the colourings of the Sweet William. Strawberry Royal Sovereion. 1 Mr. A. C. Humphrey sends from The Gardens, | Healing Manor, Grimiby, Lines., iplendid fruitsi of the Royal Sovereign Strawberry. Two of the fruits weighed 2Joz. each. The plants were planted in well- trenched ground three years ago, and are now bearing an enormous crop. The Bladder Senna. From One Oak, Cheadle Hulme, Mr. R. M. Simp- son sends a branch of the Bladder Senna (Colutea arborescens), showing the curiously inflated seed-pods, which burst with a consider- able noise when pressed. Mr. Simpson writes: "Some years ago I grew this Colutea from seed, and it has flowered well, but has borne very few pods. It is now a shapely bush about 5 feet high and very decorative, being as full of pods all over as on the enclosed shoot." The flowers of this shrub are yellow, and are produced from June to August. It is a native of middle and southern Europe, introduced in 1568. It is said to grow on the crater of Vesuvius. NEW AND RARE PLANTS. BETONICA SPICATA ROB0STA (A GOOD HARDY PERENNIAL). (Natural size. Given an award of merit by the Royal Horticultural Society recently.) foliate ; leaflets, linear, entire, 2 inches to 2^ inches in length, seldom a quarter of an inch in width at the widest part, tapering to both ends. In- florescence many flowered, pyramid shape, 4 inohes to 5 inches in length, SJ inches to 4 inches broad, flowers three-eighths of an inch to half an inch across, pinkish-white in colour. The foliage is the most curious part of the plant, being greenish-yellow with deep green veins ; at first BETONICA SPICATA ROBUSTA. THIS is an old hardy perennial plant, exhibited at the recent summer show of the Royal Horticultural Society at Chelsea bv Mr. Amos Perry, Winchmore Hill, N. It was given an award of merit. The flowers, which are produced in a pyramid-like spike, as shown by the accompanying illustra- tion, are rose-pink, They are very numerous ; in fact, closely packed on the stem, and make a bright display. It makes a good border plant, growing some 18 inches high. Being of compact habit, it does not require so much tying and regulating as some loose- growing ones do. It is essentially a " tidy " plant. T. 62 THE GARDEN. [July 29, 1905. GARD8NING FOR BSGINN8RS. BUDDING ROSES.— This operation, aa well as many another in garden craft, is very simple when the art hag been I acquired. The illustration represents a piece of Rose growth. At the base of each leaf-stalk is an eye, or leaf- bud, which contains the germ of a new plant. To be successful in budding this growth must be " ripe," that is, it must have flowered, or be on the point of so doing. The growths first produced are the best to use for budding. They should be firm, and the spines or thorns be easily rubbed ofi'. If the latter are soft and jaicy the wood is not ripe enough, but it is more important to see that the stocks "run well," that is, there should be an abundance of sap in the plant. In a very dry summer it is sometimes necessary to water the stocks a day or two before budding. Always bud the standard Briirs first, for they cease to grow long before the dwarf stocks. The latter should be budded as close to the root as possible, especially if the plants are wanted for potting up. Standard Briars should be budded in July, and the dwarf stocks during August. Insert the bud on dwarf stocks on the west side if practicable. Daring the operation of budding keep the shoots in a jar of water, previously cutting off the leaves, but retaining about half an inch of the leaf -stalk so as to get a firm hold of the bud. Insert the knife in the shoot about 1 inch above the bud, as at B, Fig. 1. Cut thinly under the bark, and when past the bud rend it off. It will then appear as C and D, Fig. 1. Hold the bud between the thumb and finger of the left hand, and with the point of the knife lift up the small slice of wood attached to the bark and jerk it out. As a rule it comes out easily enough, leaving the germ of the bud intact. If this germ is missing, and there is a hole about the size of a pin head under the bud, it is waste of time to insert the bud. Some varieties behave in this way, and must be cut rather thinner than others. Before cutting off the bud wipe the stock clean and make a cut SIMPLE HINTS. upwards and then cross-wise, in shape like the letter T (see Fig. 2, A B). Do not cut so deeply as to injure the wood of the stock. Raise only the bark gently on each side of the long cut by inserting the bone of the budding knife. Then insert the bud at C and gently push it down to the end of the cut D. Many budders dispense with the cross cut, but it facilitates the insertion of the bud. When the bud is placed in position, cut off the surplus piece of bark and bind up the wound tight (see E, Fig. 2) with raffia. When the soil is free from insect pests, draw up some of the finest mould to the bud bo as to quite envelop it. This is essential in a dry season. A month after budding remove the soil, examine the bud, and if found alive (which can be easily seen from where the leaf-stalk was attached, but which has now decayed) return the soil again and leave it until spring. Do not touch the tops of stocks until after the leaf has fallen, and not then unless they are wanted for cuttings. The time to remove them is in February. They are then out quite away to within 1 inch of the bud. Seedling Briars are budded in the collar, that is, the thick root immediately below the branches. Budding Standard Briars. — These are budded in the best lateral growths, but close up to the upright stem. Two or more kinds may be budded on one standard, but they should agree in growth — for instance. La France (pink) and Alfred Colomb (red) would associate well together. In the case of the standards remove the raffia after the fourth week, but do not cut away any of the growths until February. When the buds start out (as they often will, and blossom), leave them until autumn, and then cut back to one eye. Retain the raffia on dwarf stocks ; the soil will rot it off before February. Dwarf Hoses for Tovm Gardens. — Among the dwarf or bush Roses those that have given me most satisfaction are Viscountess Folkestone, Ulrich Brunner, Mrs. R. G Sharman-Crawford, Tom Wood, Mrs. J. Laing, La France, Clio, Mme. Jules Grolfz (a delightful Rose, and very free), Gustave Regis, Grace Darling, Frau Karl Druschki, Caroline Testout, Mrs. G. Dickson, Duke of Edinburgh, and Dupuy Jamain. Griiss an Teplitz is a splendid free- growing and flowering Rose, and does well as a pillar Rose ; the young foliage is very hand- some— a rich bronze colour. Oood Roses for Town Gardens. — In late March and early April of this year I planted some twenty or thirty varieties of Roses in a small town garden, and even though planted so late they have turned out very satisfactorily, having grown and flowered well. Some have done better than others, and it may be of interest to many readers who have large or small suburban gardens if I write a few notes about the best of them. I will take the climbers first ; most of these, of course, will flower little or not at all this year, but are making good growth for next year. Crimson Rambler is at present flowering freely ; the bright crimson flower bunches nestling among the rich green leafage make a beautiful garden picture. I had a good plant of rimson Rambler, so instead of cutting down to within a few inches of the ground all the strong shoots, I left one about 5 feet long, and it is this that is now producing flowers. The pink rambling Rose Dorothy Perkins I treated similarly, and this, too, is just coming into flower ; both these Roses are making strong growths for flowering next year. As soon as the flowers are over I shall cut out the old flowering wood, so as to allow the young growths plenty of light, air.and space to ensure tbeirproper development and eventually thorough ripening. Claire Jacquier, which produces charming buff- coloured buds, and Mme. Alfred Carri^re, the best white climbing Rose, are growing freely, and have covered almost 5 feet of the 10 feet high poles against which they are planted. All the climbing Roses are planted against Larch poles some 10 feet high, with the exception of a few put against a high rustic fence. Reine Olga de Wurtemburg (rich red), Longworth Rambler (pink), Leuchtstern (white, edged pink), climbing Souvenir de la Malmaison, and William's Ever- green are all growing freely, while Aim^e Vibert and Ards Rover are not so satisfactory at present. Against the rustic fence I planted Ruga (which, to judge from its present rampant growth, will soon prove to be too vigorous), W. A. Richardson, and Djrolhy Perkins. Against a south-west wall I have Gloire de Dijon and Reine Marie Henriette ; the latter has made growths three times as long as the former. Although Gloire de Dijon is such a delightful Rose it does not break so freely from the base as most climbing varieties, and, con'se8 : 1, Jules Margottin ; 2, Catherine Soupert ; 3, Augu<*te Rigo^ard ; 4, Alfred Colomb ; 6, Helen Paul; 6, Paul Neyron ; 7, Alphonse Soupert; 8, General Jacqueminot; 9, Frant^ns Levet ; 10, Hirrison Weir; II, Crown Prince ; 12, Claude Levet ; 13, Senateur Vaisse ; 17, Biron de B mstetten ; 21, John Hopper. Short Revi.I'ES.— James Smith. —The enclosed specimen is in no way related to the Celosias, but belongs to the same natural order as the Spinach, and it is in all proba- bility an usually stunted form of Atriplex hortensis, an aunuat which occurs in various parts of the world. It is, as you say, interesting, but we question if even by con- tinuous and rigid selection any good could be done with the plant, as there is such a decided appearance nf weedl- ness about it and its immediate allies. Still, one can readily understand the sender of the seed describing the plant as handsome, for in a mass where fully exposed to brlglit sunshine it might in a wild or semi-wild spot form a striking feature, but as a garden plant it would, we think, be out of place. M. R Rynd.— It is impossible to give you any reliable information about your seedlings without knowing what they are. You cannot, however, go far wrong by placing them in a warm bouse, and if you see signs of their drawing or becoming weak, reduce the heat. A compost of half peat and half loam with a good quantity of silver sand will be suitable for them. As soon as the seedlings are large enough to handle prick them out separately in small pots, giving larger pots as required. E B. S. — Try planting in a more shady place. From the appearance of the specimen sent it evidently is planted in too dry a position, but without knowing conditions one cannot be certain. It often goes two or three years with- out flowering after being planted. B. J. — It is impos- sible to give a satisfactory answer to your letter without more information. Please write again, and we will try and help you. r.— Evidently the failure of the plant is due to the very hot weather which we have experienced recently. LEGAL POINTS. Nuisance Caused by Bees {E. S.). — If the owner of laoH cannot make proper use of it, owing to a nuisance caused by bees belonging to an adjoining owner, he can sue the proprietor of the bees for an injunction. As you are only the foreman and not the owner of the land, your proper course is to communicate with your master and get him to take action. No doubt a letter from your master, or his solicitor, to the owner of the bees will have the desired effect. MISCELLANEOUS PHARMACEUTICAL DEPUTATION TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. FOR years past farmers, gardeners, and the public have been put to the greatest possible inconvenience in obtaining poisonous compounds for use in agriculture and horticulture. Both animals and crops have suffered through inability of owners to obtain valuable remedies expeditiously. In May last, a deputation from the Traders in Poisonous Compounds Protection Society attended before the president of the Board of Agriculture for the purpose of bringing this matter before him, and to point out what a great drawback this was to thise important industries. The president was greatly impressed by the undeniable evidence brought before him by the members of this deputation ; he has strongly expressed himself in favour of an alteration of the law on the lines desired by farmers, gar- deners, general traders, and the public. The Pharmaceutical Society has thought it well to imitate the traders in poisons, and the Right Hon. A. Fellowes, M.P., consented to receive a deputation from the chemists. This interview took place at the House of Commons on Monday, July 3. The deputation consisted of Mr. R. A. Robinson (president) ; Mr. A. C. Wootton, a journalist ; Mr. W. G. Cross, a country chemist ; and others. Mr. R jbinson was the principal speaker, pleading for the maintenance of the present monopoly of the chemists, and endeavouring to persuade Mr. Fellowes that no necessity existed for an altera- tion of the law. The reply given by this gentle- man must have strongly impressed Mr. Robinson and the other members of the deputation that he decidedly thought otherwise. Mr. Robinson took occasion to make the remark that the traders (other than chemists) who desired to have the right of selling the poisonous compounds necessary for use in agriculture and horticulture would not be satisfied to accept the rules and precautions which are to be laid down for their guidance. This remark brought a quick retort from the president, who said, "All I can say is that when I told them (the traders in poisons) we should be very strict as regards such regulations, there was not one single word said by them against it." Mr. Wootton followed the president, and, aided by his j lurnalistic knowledge, went into a lot of statistics quite irrelevant to the question. Mr. Cross followed, and proved himself an excellent pleader for the maintenance of the chemist's monopoly. He paid a very bid compli- ment to the business capacity of farmers by making the following statement: "If the sale were thrown open, manufacturers would doubt- less employ agents who would travel through the markets and get hold of farmers, for it is easy to get hold of some farmers, and would induce them by some means to buy as much of these poisons as it happened to be the interest of the agent to sell." That cannot surely be to the public interest ; such argument as this is ridiculous, and must fall to the ground when considered by any person of common-sense. When the law is amended and the power of administration, so far as poisonous compounds for trade purposes are concerned, placed in the hands of capable public officials, everj thing will work satisfactorily, and the public convenience will be properly served. — G. H. Richards, C'J.}, Borough High Street, l/ondaii, S.E., in Horticvitural, Advertiser, TRADE NOTES. The Strkbel Boiler. The Strebel Sectional Boiler is composed of upright, 0-shaped sections, with hollow spaces which contain the water. The sections are connected at top and bottom by means of push nipples, and are constructed in such a way that when joined up into boilers the smoke-flues are formed. Heavy grate bars are cast on to the lower part of each section, and so effectively cooled by the circulating water that the formation of clinkers is prevented, and the grate transformed into a powerful heating surface. These boilers are manu- factured for hot water and for low-pressure steam. Among other advantages of this boiler are the following : Kapid heating, minimum heat losses, simple and sure regulation, little and easy attention, per- fectly safe working, easy cleaning, and no repairs. The Slrebel Boiler is manufactured by R. O. Meyer, Limited, Norfolk House, Norfolk Street, London. An Improved Sdmmer-hocse. The 'iumraer-house shown in the accom- panying Illustration was made and designed by Messrs. W. Wood and Son, Limited, Wood Green, N. Ic is quite a new design and a most effective one. In addition to the summer-house, there is a terrace attached, a delightful adjunct, where tea might be served or chairs placed for sitting or reading out doors ; in fact, this new summer-house has many advintages over the ordinary one. The structure shown in the illustration was e.xhiblted by Messrs Wood and Son, Limited, Wood Green, N., at the recent Chelsea show of the Royal Horticultural Society. This design lends itself excellently to effective decoration with plants and flowers. Full particulars may be had from Messrs. Wood and Son. THE ALEXANDR^ TEA OR BUMMES-HOCSE. \* The Yearly SubsmptiontoTBS Garden Inland, 6s. 6d. ; Foreign, 8s. 9d. July 29, 1905.] THE GAEDEN. V. XTOiHT xce:a.x>y'. sfEiar E:x>xmoi«^. THE VEGETABLE GARDEN. ILLUSTRATIONS, DESCRIPTIONS, AND CULTURE OF THE GARDEN VEGETABLES OF COLD AND TEMPERATE CLIMATES. By MH. VILMORIN-ANDRIEUX, of Paris. English Edition published under the direction of ISf. ROBINSON, Author of " The English Flower Garden." Numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 75s. net. JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. BOULTON & PAUL, Ltd., NORWICH ii NON POISONOUS M INSECTICIDE admitted by ABOL The Best Users to be Plant Wash for Garden & Greenhouse, ABOLISHES APHIS it absolutely Qreen and Black Fly, American Blig^ht. Caterpillars, and all kinds of TDV IT ^^^ you will agree with other Users, who have said : " It acts like a charm." "I was surprised." "Cannot find a living fly." " Answers admirably." " Wish I had used it sooner." " Send me some more." " Cheap and safe." "A little goes a long way," etc., etc. ONE PINT MAKES 100 PINTS. Pint 1/6; Quart 2/6; Half-Gall. 4/-; Gall. 7/6. "ABOL" SYRINGE, Best Sprayer. Does more and better work than other syringes double its size. Try it, and you will agree. THEABOLSYRINCE. Prices from T/8 to 14/6. By Post 4d. extra. OF ALL SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS, or by post on receipt of remittaiice from the Sole Manufacturers— E. A. White, Ltd., Hop and Fruit Growers, Paddock Wood, Kent^ THOMSON'S MANURE VINE, PLANT AND VEGETABLE Splendid for all purposes. ALSO THOMSON 3 SPECIAL CHRYSANTHEMUM MANURE. Sold by all Seedsmen. Price Lists and Testimonials on application to Sole Makers, WM. THOfflSON « SONS, Ltd., Tweed Vlnevard. ClpvenfordB. Galashiels, N.B. London Agent: Mr. JAMES 14. Redgrave Road, Putney. Channel Islands Agents Messrs. PARSONS & Co., Ltd.. Guernsey. GEORGE, Garden Ua$e$, Fountains, Sundials, Balustrades, etc. In "Pulhamite Stone." (Durability Guaranteed.) PULHAM (a SON, By appointment to His Majesty the King, 71. NEWMAN ST , OXFORD Sr.. LONDON, W. Ai\ INSPECTION F OUR SHOWROOMS INVITED. fjUreka Weed Killer clears paths, brightens RTrtvel. Eurekatine, a sa''cfumigniit. kills green fly, &c £ureka insecticide, sprayiuL' & diipiiig plants. Summer Shade, easily applied, last througn summer. Chemistry in Garden and Greenhouse. Every- onu interested should read. Orders s/ntt carriage-paid, sartu? day, and nume ofmarest agent giren. TOMLINSON & HAYWARD. Ltd., Lincoln. New Lawn Bpoom, Reg. No. 443777. Par in advance o; the old- fashioned Garden Broom. It lasts longer, and will do three times the work in the same time. Can be refilled. PRICES: 1/3 each, 12/- doz. 1/6 each, 15/- doz. 1/9 each, 18/- doz. G. DUNFORD, 4, RADNOR QARDENS, TWICKENHAM, MIDD,\. Terms : Cash with Order. Carriage Paid on orders of i-doz. and upwards. BOULTON & PAUL Ltd. MANUFACTURERS, NORWICH. GARDEN IMPLEMENTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. . . . No. 87. GARDEN ENGINE. CASH PRICES. Carriage Paid. To hold 36 gallons, fitted with Galvanised Water Spreader, Pump and 10ft. length Rub- ber Suction Pipe, com- plete, £6 0 0 If without Pump, £4 8 0 Longer lengths of Suc- tion Pipe can be had, if required, at 1/6 per foot. Latest Illustrated Catalogue of Bequlsltes for the Stable, Kennel, Poultry Yard, Park, Bstate, Garden, etc., free on application. BOULTON & PAUL"' NORWICH. B. HALIilDAY & CO., Kotliouse ^uildevB and Ko1;-'W'a,tex* JBxi^ineex>s ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenliouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan are the perlet;tion of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We onlv do one cla« nf work, and that the verv best. ^ j " ""= i-i*isa oi Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of anyone out of our firm from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected and success guaranteed m all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hot-bed Boxes, &c., always in stock. Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom. Our Ma-kim is and always has been — MODBRATB CHAROSSI FIRST-CLASS WORK!! THE BEST MATERIALS!!! VI. THK GAKDKN [July 29, 1905. SOCIETIES. WIMBLEDON FLOWEK SHOW. The thirty-third annual exhibition of the Wimbledon Ruyal Horticultural Society was held on the 19th inet. in the Football Ground, Worple Road. One of the beat features of the show was made by the pot plants, those of Gloxinias, Begonias, and zonal Pelargoniums being excel- lent. The groups of plants, too, were very good. A good many special prizes were given in addition to the ordinary schedule prizes. The principal Rose class was for twenty- four cut Roses, and the best were shown by Mr. J. Wormalii, Morden Park. Mr. W. Barnett, gardener to G. H. Williams'in, E^q., Currie Hill, won the special prize for six Carnations, the best eighteen herbaceous flowers being shown by Mr. S. Wilson, Old Rectory (gardener, Mr. W. Smith). The last-named exhibitor won the first prize (offered by Messrs. Thomson and Sons, Wimbledon) (or a collection of vegetables, and Mr. J. Wilkius, gardener to •T. Biidgewater, Esq., won Messrs. Sutton's first prize for vegetables. Mr. G. Hutton, gardener to G. E. Frere, Esq., had the best decorated fireplace ; Mr. A. H. Burgess, Cromwell Road, the prettiest dinner table decoration ; and the first prizes for groups of plants were won by Mr. J. Downing, gardener to Dr. Curnstopk, and by Mr. Thorn- ton, gardener lo T. E. Crocker, Esq. Mr. A. Skepgs, gir- dener to Mrs. Dann, was the most successful exhibitor of pot plants, and his Gloxinias were splendid. Messrs. D. S. Thomson and Sons, Wimbledon, showed a beautiful collec- tion of hardy ttowers, Roses, and a plant group, and Mr. Nash exhibited a group of plants. COMMEMORATION DAY AT STUDLEY CASTLE. The annual flower show and fete at the Lady Warwick Hostel took place in lovely summer weather on the 19th inst. The show consisted of flowers and vegetables grown by the students, honey, jams, jellies, bottled fruits, and bottled vegetables, and was a most creditable exhibition ; poultry, eggs, live birds, and cheese being shown at the same lime from the Women's Agricultural College In the castle the table decoratloos were shown in the drawing-room, and the competition was very keen, fifteen in one class. After a careful scrutiny the prize ftrll to a very pretty arrangement of the blue Scabiosa caucasica and the white Francoa, with Asparagus tenuissimus. For the other table prizes to former students, the award fell to a pink arrangement of Dorothy Perkius Roses and Carnations. Elegaiit vases of wild and garden flowers, sprays, round bouquets, and baskets did great credit to Ihe students for taste and skill. The first prize "knot" was of small Odontoglossum and yellow Oncidium. very graceful, but the buttonhole flowers were not so goud. The Sweet Pea classes were well filled, and the classes for garden flowers made a brave show. In the section for plans there were two excellent exhibits, one for an acre garden surrounding a villa and the other for a pleasaunce near the hockey ground. Needless to say the jams and bottled fruits were of high class, and there is a good and constant demand for them, no less than l.OUOlb. of marmalade alone being m:ide in a season, and 7001b. of Strawberry jam. The gardens were also inspected critically. The old pot Peaches and Nectarines from Reading had bi'rne good crops, and the wall trees were in excellent condition. The Tomatoes were very promising ; every care is taken to follow up each crop by a succession. The same care was evidenced in the vegetable department ; no light task to keep up a supply mr such a large establishment. The position of Studley Castle is very picturesque, and it is surrounded by ample grounds. The Countess of Warwick took the chair, and the Warden (Miss Bradley) read an excellent report, which stated that no less than seven students passed the Royal Horticultural Society's examinations, one (Miss Tait) gaining a gold medal. Other successes were gained in poultry, dairy, and bee-keeping work. The report was proposed for adoption by a Canadian gentleman— Mr. Wilson, K C. — who made an admirable speech. It was seconded by Mr. George Bunyard, V.M.H-, and the judges were thanked by Mr. N. C. Muntz, Mr. Joseph Cheal responding. Lady Warwick made an excellent speech, and her son, Lord Brooke, declared the exhibition open. Mr. Brooke Hunt of the Board of Agriculture also spoke. The show was well atteiided, and the arrangements made by Miss May Crooke for the carrying out of the show were excel lent. Beyond Messrs. Cheal and Bunyard, Mr. Pettigrew and Mr. W. Iggulden assisted as judges. NEWCASTLE FLOWER SHOW. In marked contrast to previous shows of the Durham, Northumbei land, and Newcastle Incorporated Botanical and Horticultural Society, the three days' exhibition which opened on the ]9i.h inst. in the Recreation Ground, North Road, was attended with ideal weather. The society i^ fortunate, however, in having many generous supporters, who have invaiiably come to the rescue, and the organisa- tion was never in a more healthy and vigorous state than it is to-day. A record was established in the number of entries, as many as eighty competitors exhibiting, some of whom were represented in over a dozen different classes. An outstanding feature which attracted general notice was the display of Sweet Peas. The fine display was the more notable as the dry weather this season has not been in their favour. For a collection of sis distinct varieties, the flrsl award went to Mr. W. Mark, Corbridge (gardener to Miss Muschamp), and a special prize and silver medal for twelve varieties were awarded to Mr. Edward Keith, Cambo (gardener to Sir G. 0. Trevelyan, Bart). The show of Roses was also excellent. Mr. Hugh Dick- son, Belfast, secured first prize and the society's bronze medal for the collection of Roses arranged for effect, and for twelve varieties the silver medal and first award went to Messrs. G. and W. H. Burcb, of the Rose Nurseries, Peterborough. The collection of table decorations elicited much admiration, the display being pretty and effective In this class the silver Flora medal of the Royal Horticul- tural Society was awarded to Mr. T. Battensby, Blaydon, for a most artistically-arranged display. Messrs. Harkness and Sons, Bedale, took the bronze medal of the Royal Horticultural Society for a beautiful collection of hardy herbaceous flowers. One of the most pleasing features of the show was the array of plants, &c. , sent by well-known firms for exhibition only. Mr. Moffatt, parks superin- tendent, looked after the arrangement of the marquees, and the secretarial duties were efficiently discharged by Mr. I. B. Reid. WOLVERHAMPTON FLORAL FETE. The famous three days' floral f^te of the Wolverhampton Horticultural Society was held on July 11, 12, and 13, and never under more favourable conditions. There was an admirable show, and the secretarj-, Mr. Barrett, deserves all praise for his excellent arrangements. The groups of plants are a feature here, and the flrst prize was won by Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, with a most effective arrangement. Mr. William Vause was second, and Messrs. Artendale were third. The best specimen plants were also shown by Messrs. Cypher ; Mr. Vause being second. Messrs. Cypher also took first prizes for six Orchids and for twenty specimen plants. The best group of flowering plants was shown by Mr. R. Sharpe, gardener to H. Lovatt, Esq. The first prize for a group of Begonias was won by Mr. F. Davis, Preston. Mr. J. E. Knight, Wolverhampton, won the silver cup offered for a iiisplay of plants, floral decorations, &c., with a splendid display. In the great Rose class for seventy-two blooms, distinct, Messrs. Alex. Dickson and Son, Limited, Newtownards, were first with a fine lot of blooms ; Mr. Hugh Dickson, Belfast, being second ; Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, third. Messrs. A. Dickson were also flrst for forty-eight blooms, distinct ; second, Mr. Hugh Dickson ; third, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons. For twelve blooms of new varieties Messrs. Alex. Dickson were again first ; second, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons. Mr. Hugh Dickson, Belfast, won for twelve blooms of one variety with his splendid new variety J. B. Clark. Among the Sweet Peas Mr. T- Jones, Ruabon, was flrst for eighteen varieties and for twelve varieties (prizes offered by Mr. Eckford). Mr. Robert Sydenham offered prizes for Sweet Peas, and these classes brought a very spirited competition. Mr. T. Jones again won first prize with a splendid lot of flowers. Air. E. Beckett, Aldenham Gardens, won the first prize for a collection of vegetables (twenty-four kinds) (prizes given by Messrs. Sutton and Sons) ; second, Mr. B. Ashton. For the prizes given by Messrs. Webb and Sons, Wordsley, Mr. B. Ashton was first. In the classes for floral decorations, the Leamington Nurserymen and Florists Company won the flrst prize for an Orchid bouquet. Messrs. Jenkinson and Son were flrst for a bridesmaid's bouquet. The best collection of eight dishes of fruit was shown by Mr. J. Doe, Rufford Abbey Gardens ; .second, Mr. Good- acre ; third, Mr. Bannerman. For six dishes of fruit Mr. Bannerman was first. Mr. J. Doe had the best four bunches of Grapes ; and Mr. R. Nisbet the best two white bunches. The finest Peaches were shown by Mr. B. Ashton, Lithom Park Gardens, Orroskirk. Messrs. Jen- kinson were first for dinner table decoration. Messrs. W. Pemberton and Son, Bloxwich, were first for an arrange- ment of Pansies and Violas. There were non-competitive exhibits from Messrs. R. Smith, Worcester ; J. White, Worcester ; Dobbie and Co , R >thesay ; Sutton and Sons, Reading; Dobbs and Co., Wulverhampton ; Jarman and Co., Chard ; Webb and Son, Wordsley; Clibran and Sons, Altrincham ; Bakers, Wolver- hampton ; J"hn Forbes, Hawick ; Hewitt and Co., Soli- hull ; C. W. Breadraore, W^inchester ; Robert Sydenham, Birmingham ; E. Murrell, Shrewsbury ; and the Wolver- hampton Corporation. NORTH LONSDALE ROSE SOCIETY. This famous society held a splendid show recently in Tod Busk Park, Ulverston, kindly lent by Mr. F. J. Crossfleld, J.P., the exhibits being tastefully staged in a mammoth marquee, nearly 220 feet in length and SO feet in breadth, every inch of which was utilised. The exhibitors numbered seventy-flve, or twenty-five more than any previous record, and in spite of the diy weather the flowers were very numerous and of excellent quality. The Sweet Peas were a revelation, and as they occupied some hundreds of feet of space the effect was charming. Besides the usual liberal money prizes, the society cffered for competition an open challenge shield, seven chillenge cups, and nine medals. In order to make the exhibition as artistic and attractive as possible, as well as to quicken the interest of growers, a large number of new classes were introduced. In view of the intention of the National Sweet Pea Society to hold its first provincial show next year under the auspices of the North Lonsdale Society, more thau usual attention was paid by the committee to the Sweet Pea department, a novelty in which was the charming and extensive display of single blooms of every imaginable colour and variety shown in competition for numerous special prizes given by groups of different tradesmen and professional gentlemen. The exhibits of Stocks, herbaceous plants, and table decorations by lady amateurs added a further charrato the exhibition. In the last-named section the competition was extremely keen. Coming to the exhibition itself, there was, as usual, a magnificent display of Roses, although owing to the advanced season some of the classes in the amateur division were light. In the nurserymen's division the premier honours were taken by Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons of Newtownards, but this time they did not literally sweep the decks, a few of the honours being divided with the Scotch representatives, Messrs. Simpson and Son of Dundee, who figured for the first time at this show. Messrs. Dickson, however, were easy winners of the James Hodgson Memorial Shield, given by the society in memory of the late chairman. Their Earl Dufferiu was adjudged to be the best Rose in the show and also the best Hybrid Perpetual, Mrs. Mylea Kennedy being adjudged to be the best seedling, and likewise the best Tea or Noisette. In the amateur's section Mr. R. L. Garnett of Lancaster repeated his double victory of last year by winning both the gold and the silver challenge cup. The Myles Wood- burne Challenge Trophy for the best bloom exhibited by a local amateur was won by Mr. J. Fragle with a lovely specimen of Mildred Grant. The Crystal Palace and Saltaire winners, Mr. F. J. Harrison of I'lverton and Miss Nina Dickinson, Newby Bridge, were again very successful, the former carrying off for the third successive year the Ulverston Urban Council Challenge Cup, and the latter winning the Mrs. Myles Kennedy Challenge Cup, won last year by Mr. Harrison. In the Sweet Peas section Mr. R. Bolton, Carnforth, carried off the J. Towers Settle Open Challenge Trophy, and Mr. T. Proctor of Yealand, after a very close fight with H. W. Mackereth, last years winner, for the second time won the J. Towers Settle Local Challenge Trophy. The great success achieved was largely due to the efforts of the hard-working committee, headed by Mr. Myles Kennedy (chairman), the Rev. R. T. Langtree (vice- chairman), Mr. F. J. Harrison (hon. treasurer), and Messrs. G. H. Mackereth and F. W. Poole (hon. secretaries). Roses— Open to all. The James Hodgson Memorial Shield, value 30 guineas, and gold medal, for exhibition Roses in vases — twelve distinct varieties (to include not more than six varieties of Teas or Noisettes), seven blooms each : Alex. Dickson and Sons, Newtownards. Seventy-two blooms, distinct : First, A. Dickson ; second, J. Simpson and Sons, Dundee. Thirteen blooms, distinct, three trusses of each : First, A. Dickson and Sons ; second, J. Simpson and Sons, Dundee. Thirty-six blooms, distinct : A. Dickson and Sons. Twelve blooms. Teas or Noisettes, distinct : First and second. J. Simpson and Sons. Twelve blooms of any light Rose: First, A. Dickson and Sons (Killarney); second, J. Simpson and Sons (Kaiserin Augusta Victoria). Twelve blooms of any dark Rose: First, A. Dickaon and Sons (Earl of Dufferin) ; second, J. Simpson and Sons (Captain Hay ward). Twelve blooms of any Teaor Nnisette : J. Simpson and Sons. Twelve blooms new R-jses, distinct : First, A. Dickson and Sons ; second, J. Sirup3on and Sons. Best seedling: A. Dickson and Sons (Mrs. Myles Kennedy). Best Rose in show (bronze medal): A. Dickson and Sons (Bessie Brown). Best Hybrid Perpetual in show : A. Dickson and Sons (Earl Dufferin). Best Hybrid Tea in show : A. Dickson and Sons (Earl Dufferin). Best Tea or Noisette in show : A. Dickson and Sons (Mrs. Mylea Kennedy). Open to all Amateurs. Society's challenge cup and medal for twelve distinct Hybrid Teas : First, R. L. Garnett, Lancaster. Eitthteeu distinct varieties: First, Rev. R. T. Langtree, Grange. Four distinct varieties, three blooms of each : First, R. L. Garnett; second. Rev. R. T. Langtree. Nine distinct varieties. Teas or Noisettes: First, R. L. Garnett. Six blooms of any dark Hybrid Perpetual or Hybrid Tea: First, R. L. Garnett; second. Rev. R. T. Langtree. Six blooms of any light Hybrid Perpetual or Hybrid Tea : First, R. L. Garnett. Six blooms of any one Tea or Noisette : First, R. L. Garnett ; second, J. H. Midgley, Grange. Beat dark Hybrid Perpetual or Hybrid Tea (bronze medal) : First, Mrs. Atkinson, Croftlands, Ulverston (J. K. Williams). Best light Hybrid Perpetual or Hybrid Tea (bronze medal) : First, J. Fragle, Ulverston. Best Tea or Noisette (bronze medal) : First, R. L. Garnett (Mr. Edward Mawley). Amateurs residing within a radius of Thirtt Miles of Ulverston. Society's gold challenge cup and medal for twelve blooms, distinct varieties : First, R. L. Garnett ; second, Dr. Tidswell ; third. Rev. R. T. Langtree. Garden or decorative R-jses, six distinct varieties, not less than three trusses of each. (Prizes presented by Mr. S. Taylor, J.P., C.C.) : First, R. L. Garnett : second, Myles Kennedy, Ulverston ; third, Mrs. S. Taylor, Birkdault. The Mylea Woodburne challenge trophy and medal, for the beat bloom exhibited by a local amateur: First, J. Fragle (Mildred Grant). Sweet Peas.— Open to All. The J. Towers Settle challenge trophy, value 25 guineas, and £2, for twenty-four varieties, distinct ; First, R. Bolton, Warton ; second, H. W. Mackereth, Ulverston; third, W. J. Ireland, Slyne. One bunch Bolton's Pink : First, W. S Heslington, Ripon ; second, R. Parker, Ulverston; thirtt, T. Hewitt, Kirkby. One hunch Gladys Unwin : First, W. S. Heslington; second, F. J. Harrison ; third, R. Parker. Best bunch of Black Michael in the show : First, Thomas Jones, North Wales. Best Romolo Piazzani in show : First. A. Malcolm, Duns, N.B. Mr. Malcolm was successful throughout. GARDEN. -y^- ^^f> »-% No. 1759.— Vol, LXVIII August 5, 1905. A DRY SEASON. A T the moment of going to press the /% sun is shining from a cloudless / \ sky, and there is no indication of / \ a break in the long-continued drought, which is upsetting the gardener's calculations, withering the flowers as they open, and cutting short the supplies of many vegetable crops. The value of a good mulching of strawy manure, grass from the mowing machine, and such like cannot be over-estimated this season ; these when timely applied do far more good than driblets or even drenchings, more especially of cold well or spring water. Where the ground is very poor the crops are failing badly this season, no matter how often water is given, thus showing how necessary it is that they should be given something stronger than water to live upon. Waiting for rain is also a risky proceeding in the case of plants newly put out, but after they are once established watering may cease with advan- tage unless thorough soakings can be given. Much seed that has been sown has germi- nated very badly, and many seedlings have come up only to be destroyed by insects before they have formed rough leaves, but gardeners, as a rule, ought to be able to get their ground into a finer free-working state, and, thanks to spade labour, their ground is not nearly so quickly exhausted of moisture as is the case with ploughed land. In addi- tion to this they are in a position to moisten the drills previous to sowing the seed, and when thus treated germination takes place far more quickly and surely than when the seed is sown in dry drills, covered with soil, and then watered. The dry weather ought not to deter anyone from sowing salading, notably Lettuces, regularly, or say every fortnight, thinning out and leaving the plants where they are to grow, thereby avoiding transplanting ; but, on the contrary, is a very good reason why this practice should be persevered with. More Carrot seed (giving the preference to Horn varieties) ought also to be sown, the aim being to keep up a good supply of tender young roots throughout the autumn and early winter months, and there should be no further delay in the matter of sowing seed of small, quick-growing Cab- bages or Coleworts for planting thickly, as these are most acceptable in the autumn and winter. There certainly ought to be no wait- ing for rain in the case of such an important crop as spring Cabbage. Seed of reliable varieties— EUam's Early Spring and the true Wheeler's Imperial — should be sown at once. It is true the Turnip fly is very troublesome in dry, hot weather, young Cabbage seedlings sometimes suffering badly from its attacks, but an occasional watering with only moderately strong liquid manure will hasten growth and check the ravages of the fly. This is the best remedy we have yet tried, and it answers well iu the case of Turnips this season. A showery time is sometimes waited for in the case of sowing for the principal crop of Turnips, but we may easily err in waiting too long, especially when that excellent hardy variety Chirk Castle Black Stone is grown. In the colder districts winter Turnips ought to be sown in close succession to early Potatoes, but in the more favoured southern localities they may well follow second early Potatoes, levelling, breaking down the ground, opening the drills, watering these, and then sowing the seed, no matter how dry and hot the weather may be. When the weather happens to be very hot and dry in July and August, the sowing of winter Spinach is often deferred till it is too late in the season for the plants to attain a serviceable size before severe frosts intervene. The ground ought to be early selected and prepared for this very important crop, plenty of sunshine and air greatly benefiting it, while should a soaking rain fall before the time has arrived for making the first sowing, the opportunity ought to be taken for breaking down lumpy ground with rakes. This keeps in the moisture and admits of seed sowing being done when the proper time arrives without much further trouble. Should the ground be very dry about the second week in August, seed must yet be sown then, using the watering-pot for moistening the drills. Very many Onions have been spoilt owing to those responsible waiting too long for rain before thinning. This was a mistake, even if rain had fallen when most anxiously expected, as quite small Onions, as well as Carrots, Parsnips, and Turnips, draw readily enough, no matter how hard the ground may be, and early thinning would have made it better in every way for those that were reserved. Runner and Kidney Beans came up very regularly and strongly, and ought to have been freely thinned. THE EDITOR'S TABLE. Cabnation Qdbek Alexandra. Mr. G. Revena seacls flowers of a very pure white CarnatioD which he has named Qaeen Alexandra. It is evidently a first-rate variety for the border, as it is pure white, fragrant, and the calyx does not burst. With the flowers came the following note : "This variety occurred among a batch of seedlings which I raised five years ago. 1 have had upwards of forty blooms on a two year old plant. They began to open on June 14." Our correspondent should send flowers to a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society. An Inteeesting Series of Begonias. Mr. P. S. Hayward, Brookside Cottage, Cornford Lane, Pembury, Kent, sends a very interesting series of Begonias, the result of crosses with B. worthiana. The flowers were gathered from plants " about six months old, that IS, from the lime of sowing the seed, and the plants are in large 6inch size pots. They surpass in vigour the ordinary Begonias." Worthiana magnifica is a beautiful colour, a clear cerise ; hybrida rosea is a very fine and pretty rose shade ; and hybrida rubra a warm rich crimson, but produced in long and grace- ful trails. The flowers are said to have an unpleasant scent, but we have not detected this. Escallonia pulverbnta. Mr. S. W. Fitzherbert, Kingswear, South Devon, sends flowers of this pretty and un- common Escallonia, a Chilian shrub, and rather tender, but it is flowering now in the open at Kingswear. It is very distinct, and has slender cylindrical spikes of small creamy white, which are conspicuous against the shining green leaves. It is a most interesting Escallonia. New Carnations and Picotbes from Ma Douglas. A welcome boxful of new Carnations and Piootees comes from Mr. James Djuglas, Edenside Gardens, Great Bookham, and we have never seen finer flowers. Tneir names will soon be familiar to the Carnation grower. C(Ksar — A beautiful fancy variety, the petals broad, firm, and make up a bloom of superb sub- stance. The colouring is maroon on a white ground. Qrey Friar. — We are not sure that the peculiar lavender colour of this flower will appeal to everyone, but of its distinctness there can be no two opinions. It has the same substance as the former, and this strength in the petal is charao- terixtio of all the varieties sent to us. Louisa — This is a yellow ground Picotee, and we quite agree with Mr. D juglas in his estima- tion of it, that it is "one of the best" of its group. Its brilliancy of colouring is remarkable. . The flowers are exceptionally fine in form, smooth, 70 THE GAKDEN. [August 5, 1906. and margined with an almost piercing rose shade. We have seen nothing brighter than this. ^ Sauehedon. — Another handsome yellow ground Picotee with a deep edge of red. Afterglow. — A pretty name for a pretty flower. It is a self, and a fine type of the border Carna- tion. The flowers are large, without coarseness, and the rosy red colour is of quite an unusual shade. There is no. suggestion of a split calyx, and the petals are very broad and firm. A good garden Carnation in every way. Lara. — A sport from the variety Professor Cooper, and the most dazzling in colour that has come under our notice. The markings are extra- ordinarily bright, a shade of rose on a pale bufif ground. The Old Onard — This is the most conspicuous of all for breadth of petal and substance. It is a splendid self of a bright scarlet colour, and has gained the award of merit of the Royal Horticul- tural Society. A fine garden Carnation. Pebiploca ge^eca (Silk Vine). We are pleased to see flowerint; sprays of this pretty climber from Messrs. William Cut- bush and Sans, the Barnet Nurseries, Birnet. There is a quiet beauty in the brownish coloured flowers. COLOURED PLATE PLiATB 1279. DIANTHUS WARLEY. OF the garden Pinks raised within L the past few years, none is more brilliant than the seedling from Cyclops, raised by Miss Willmott, and called Warley. The coloured illustration of it, from a drawing by H. Q. Moon, shows its beautiful colouring and shape — an almost perfect Pink — and so intense is the crimson shade that a little colony of it may be seen from a distance. Fortunately, the growth is strong, and the flowers are produced with great freedom. Miss Willmott has given to the world of flowers many gems, but few more beautiful than this delightful rock plant. PRIZES OPEN TO ALL. AUGUST. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. August 7. — Lichfield, Wells, Mansfield, Gran- tham, Ilkeston and Presoot and District Flower Shows. August 9. — Tavistock and Ventnor Horti- cultural Shows. August 15. — Koyal Horticultural Society's Meeting ; Clay Cross Horticultural Show. August 16 —Bishop's Storlford, Calne, and Harpenden Flower Shows. August 17. — Dyffryn District and Taunton Deane Horticultural Shows. August 21. — Warkworth Horticultural Show. ESSAY ON BULB PLANTING. A First Prize of FOUR GUINEAS, A Second Prize of TWO GUINEAS, A Third Prize of ONE GUINEA, And a Fourth Prize of HALF-A-GUINEA are offered fw the best Essay upon " Beau- tiful Ways of Plantinri Hardy Spring- ffowering Bulbs." The essay must not exceed 1,000 words, and should mention the best kinds for massing in the flower garden, the border, in the wild garden, greBB made since June 1. Twenty-seven new members had joined, bringing the total number up to 659, and donations amounting to £11 178. had been received, including £10 from Mr. A. K. Bulley, who wrote : "Dear Mr. Watson,— I am afraid I am too far from the centre of action to enter effectually into your move- ment, but the Bubsti'ution of organisation amongst gardeners for the present vexatious and chaotic con- ditions seems to me wholly good. Its main obj«ct must, of course, be the benefit of gardeners by the thousand and one channels which association Is always able to command. But it will also be a great advantage to all employers who believe in good work and good pay, for it is certain that it will be the most enlightened and intelligent section of the workers who will be the most prompt to jnin an associa- tion for the common good. I wish you well, and enclose £10 towards your Initial expenses. Try, as soon as you can, to get the association free from any charity basis. Even if it means considerable pinching and work done without pay, it is better to do what you can on the saved pennies of the gardeners.— Yours faithfully, Arthur K. Bulliy. " Attention was called to the observations of Sir William Thisellon-Dyer on the gardener movement recently published in the Gardeners' Chronicle, and to the remarks of the Duke of Westminster a^. the annual dinner of the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution on June 16. His Grace then said : "But the life of the gardener was not literally a bed of Roses, nor were his gains great. He was a skilled workman who gave an infinite amount of pleasure to the community at large by his labour and ingenuity, and yet his wages compared very unfavourably with those of skilled workmen in other branches of industry. Few gardeners could afford to lay by from their wages a sufficient sum to enable them to meet the rainy day or the inevitable prospect of old age. He therefore commended the charity to their notice, confident that when its objects were more generally known further generous contributions would be forthcoming." The council decided to make arrangements for a confer- ence of members and others interested, to take place in October during the great autumn fruit show of the Royal Horticultural Society. To this conference branches of the British Gardeners' Association will be invited to send delegates. A proposal to engage the services of a paid secretary to devote his whole time to the work of the association was considered, but the council decided that in the present condition of the association it would be unwise to incur the expenses of a paid secretary and a central office. The council hope before long to make arrangements for monthly meetings to take place in or near Che Royal Horticultural Society's hall In Vincent Square concurrently with the meetings of the Royal Horti- cultural Society. On the motion of Mr. Winter, seconded by Mr. Watson, Mr. J. Weathers was unanimously elected hon. secretary of the association. All communications affecting the British Gardeners' Association should therefore in future he addressed to Mr. J. Weathers, Talhot Villa, Isleworth, Middlesex. The members of the executive council are : T. H. Candler, The Garden?, Warley Place, Great Warley ; G. H. Clack, Putney Park, Putney ; W. E. Close, superin- tendent of parks, Fulham ; C. H Curtis, 2, Adelaide Road, Brentford ; W. Dallimore, Royal Gardens, Kew ; G. Gordon, Priory Road, Kew ; J. Lawson, Horticultural College, Swanley ; R. Hooper Pearson, 40, Brocklebank Road, E^rlafield ; W. Taylor, The Gardens, Tewkesbury Lodge, Forest Hill ; W. Watson, Royal Gardens, Kew (chairman); J. Weathers, Talbot Villa, Isleworth (hon. secretary) ; T. Winter, superintendent of parks, Marylebone. AwftUST 5, 1905.] THE QAHDEN. DAFFODILS A Great Speciality. TyTE grow almost every Daffodil worthy of cultivation, and holding "" large stocks, can offer them at the lowest prices. For quality see what the Rev. Englehkart, the greatest hybridizer and raiser of new Narcissi says : — ".I enclose cheque for the bulbs safely to hand. I consider them a remarkably fine sample ; indeed, as good as could be grown." GLiORT OF LEYDEN, 30/- 100; 4/6 doz.; 5d. each. NOTE THE FOLLOWINC PRICES, A FULL LIST READY NOW. Emperor, largest forcing size, 8/- per loo, 1/2 dozen. „ first size, 6/- per 100, i/- dozen. Empress, largest forcing size, 7/6 per 100, 1/3 dozen. ELorsfieldii, large forcing size, 6/- per 100, i/- dozen. Barri Conspicuus, extra selected, 25/- per r,ooo, 3/- 100, 6d. dozen. Beauty, 12/- 100, i/g dozen. Sir Watkin, extra size, 50/- 1,000, 5/6 100, lod. dozen CHOICER VARIETIES. J. B. M. Camm, 40/- 100, 5/- dozen, 6d. each. Duchess of Westminster, 25/- per 100, 3/6 dozen. Madame de Graaff, 20/- dozen, i/g each. Gloria Ilundi, 2/9 each. King Alfred, /3 3s. each. Weardale Perfection, 25/- each. Duke of Bedford, 25/- each. liUlisorth, 15/ dozen, 1/6 each. J. R. PEARSON & SONS, Ghilwell Nurseries, Lowdham, NOTTS. HILL & SMITH BLACK VARNISH. Carriage paid to most Railway Stations in the Kingdom. REGISTERED TRADE MARK. Substitute for Oil Paint atone-fourth the cost. Applied cold. For Preserving all descriptions of outdoor work, Iron Fencing, Roofs, Buildings, Wood, and Stone. Dries with hard glossy surface in lo minutes, and keeps good any length of time. WROUGHT IRON iCARDEN BORDER HURDLES. si' Catalogues of Iron and Wire Fencing, A -^i Hurdles, Gates, and Railings Free. [} * 118, QUEEN VICTORIA ST., LONDON, E.G. and BRIERLEY HILL IRONWORKS, Staffs. THOMSON'S MANURE. VINE, PLAN1 AND VEGETABLE splendid for all purposes. ALSO THOMSON'S SPECIAL CHRYSANTHEMUM MANURE. Sold by all Seedsmen. Price Lists and Testimonials on application to Sole Makers, WM. THOnsON & SONS. Ltd., Tweed Vineyard. Clovenfords. GalaahlelB. N.B. London Agent: Mr. JAMES GEORGE, 14, Redgrave Road, Putney. Channel Islands Agents. Messrs. PARSONS & Co., Ltd.. Guernsey. BOARDS PATENT 'WIRE TENSION' GREENHOUSES. LIGHTNESS! STRENGTH ! DURABILITY! SKINNER BOARD, F.R.H.S..&CO., Bristol. NO PUTTY! IRON FRAME ROOF! CURVED ROOF WITH FLAT GL.ASS. IMPERISHABLE I Illustrated Catalogue on Application. 2,000,000 SUPER. FEET ERECTED. Specimen " WIRE TENSION" Greenhouse will be exhibited ai following Shows. Inspection invited. Lancashire Show, Liverpool, August 3rd to 7th. Yorkshire Siiow, Hull, August gtn to nth. EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT spe:cxa.ij oxtcxxxr* PE:A.rr. Brown Fibrous, Hardwood, Fern, Rhododendron Peats, best qualities. Leaf Mould, Loam, Coarse and Pine Sand. Cocoa-nut Fibre, Sphagnum, and all kinds of Garden Jundries. BPPS & CO., F.R.H.5., Ringwood, Hants. 6ardeti Ua$e$t Fountains, Sundials, Balustrades, etc. In "Pulhamlte Stone." (Durability Guaranteed,} PULHAM (SI SON, By appointment to His Majesty the King, 71, NEWMAN ST., OXFORD ST.. LONDON, W. AN INSPECTION OF OUR SHOWROOMS INVITED. VI. THE GARDEN TAUGUST 5, 1906. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The exhibition on Tuesday last was very bright, and many beautiful groups of summer flowers were shown. Fruit was better represented than usual. Fruit Committee. Present: Mr. George Banyard (chairman). Messrs. S. Mortimer, Alex. Dean, George Keif, H. Parr, H. Markham, F. Q. Lane, J. Willard, J. Mcladoe, C. Foster, Owen Thomas, George Wythes, A. H Pearson, J. A. Pettlgrew (Boston, U.S.A ), G. Nurman, and J. Cheal. The Hugg Mtmorial Medal for fruit was awarded to Mr. George Norman, gardener to the Marquis of Salisbury, Hatfield House, Herts, for a collectiun of splendid fruit. The Peaches Birriogton and Bellegarde, Nectarines EIruge and Pttmaston Orange were as good as one could wish to see. Grape Madresfleld Court was finely shown, and the Melons, too, were very good. The arrangement of this exhibit was most effective, the boxes and dishes resting in a bed of greenery, while vases of Carnations were taste- fully used also. Messrs. James Veltch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea, exhi- bited a large and representative collection of Gooseberries, contained in over 100 baskets, and representing almost as many varieties. The fruits were splendid specimens. Among the newer varieties were Langley Gage, Golden Gem, and Langley Beauty, all first-rate sorts, while the standard sorts of G'loseberries were all finely shown. Forming a background to this display were Gooseberries in pots, and bearing excellent crops. A gold medal was awarded. MesBra. Thomas Rivers and Son, Sawbridgeworth, exhibited pot trees of their new Peach Peregrine, bearing good crops of this beautiful variety. It is a midseason Peach, large and handsome, with a bright crimson skin. It is of excellent flavour. It is, curiously, a seedling from the Spenser Nectarine. A silver-gitt Bankstan medal was awnrded to this exiiihit of five perfect trees. Messrs. Dohbie and Co., Rothesay, exhibited a collection of Potatoes in thirty-eight varieties, each variety shown in a separate basket uf twenty tubers. They were all good, clean samples of early and second early varieties. Ruby Queen (purple kidney), Ddlmeny E^rly (early white round), and Midlothian Eirly (early white kidney) were among the new ones. Silver Knighlian medal. Mr. F. May, gardener to H. 0. Lord, Esq., LiUey Brook, Charlton King's, Gloucester, showed Melon Lilley Brook, a large white fiesh variety, but no award was made. The committee asked to see a smaller fruit. Red Currants Fay's Prolific and La Versaillaise were shown by Messrs. J. R. Pearson and Son, Lowdham, Notts. Orohid Committee. Present : Mr. J. G-irney Fowler (chairman), Messrs. James O'Brien, de B. Crawshay, Francis Wellesley, Norman C. Cooksoo, Jeremiah Colman, G. F. Moore, H. T. Pitt, Richard G. Thwaites, James Douglas, W. H. "White, T. W. B .nd, W. H. Young. John W. Odell. W. Buxall, H. A. Tracy, H. Little, Harry J. Veitch, F. W. Ashton, and H. Billuntine. Messrs Charlesworth and Co., Heaton, Bradford, Yorks, showed a pretty er<>up of Orchids, consisting chiefly of some very fine LfelioCattleyas and hybrid Cattleyas. Odontogloasum R (Ifeie was finely shown. The curious Cycnoches chlorochilum was included. A botanical certificate was awarded to Promensea RoUissonii. Silver- gilt Flora medal. A cultural commendation was awarded to PlatycUnis glumacea, a splendid plant, bearing a large number of its slender pendent racemes of fragrant pale yellow flowers, shown by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. A botanical certifi- cate was awarded to Dendrobium ciUatumannamense,and to Grobya galeata, sent, together with other inconspi- cuously fiowered Orchids, by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford. Several single Orchid plants were shown, among others being Phata)nopsis rimestadiana alba from M. Otto Beyrodt, Marienfeld, Berlin ; Cypripedium Miss N. Tillem (niveum x Godefrojaj) from F. Wellesley, Esq., Westfleld, Woking; Lsella lona, and a very tine variety of Olonto- glossum Pescatorei from Messrs. Hugh Low and Co,, Enfield ; Cattleya Atalanta ignescens from R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham (gardener, Mr. J. W. EUck); Cattleya gas- kelliana Mrs. Goudson from H. S. Goodson, E-hocks, perennial Pea, Gladioli, Liatris, white Agapanthus, Water Lilies, Motitbrelias, Delphiniums, Gtillardias, Tritomas, and other plants were shown in good condition from Messrs. Barr and Sons, Covent Garden. Mr. Amos Perry, Winchmore Hill, had a fine display of hardy fiowers. particularly of Ptiluxes, Lilies— as, e.g.y L. chalcedonicum Heldreichii (rich scarlet), L. speci< sum Kraetzeri, and others— Iris laevigata, Gaiitardias, Asclepias tuberosa (fine orange shade), Stokesia cyanea prwcox, Rud- beckias, and the like. The hardy Water Lilies as a margin to the grouD were a splendid feature. Messrs. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, filled a large table with choice annuals. Godetias, Chrysanthemums in variety, Marigolds, Calliopsis, Nemesias, and many more were arranged In a most attractive manner, the vases beinc filled with fresh and bright fiowers cut with full length sprays and stems. At one end of the group a few choice or rare greenhouse flowering plants were well shown ; and among these we noted Exacum macranthum, very rich in colour; Ruellia amoena, with scarlet tubular flowers; and Cyrtoceras reflexum. a very striking plant, with creamy reflexing blossoms, in compact Hoya-like trusses. Verv interesting, too, were the examples of Kalanchoe, K. flammea, and K. kewensis. Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Enfield, contributed a small collection of Crotons, with Medeola asparagoides myrti- folia and the old Smilax for comparison. A large collection of Phloxes from Mr. E. Potten, Cranbrook, Kent, was a most effective item. Salvator R'lsa, lilac and white; Mrs. Oliver, salmon, white eye; and Jules Cambon, purplish rose, white eye, were among the more distinct. Other showy plants were included in the group. Hirdy plants were well shown by Mr. M. Prichard, Christchurch, Hants. Of especial merit were the Gaillardias and Kniphofias, a large collection of the latter being staged. Montbretia Rayon d'Or is a very striking plant, and other good plants included Crinum Powelll, Spiriea Aitchsoni (a shrubby species with white flowers) Phloxes, and a good assortment of Gladiolus hybrids of Childsi, Nanceanus, Lemoinei, and others. Hollyhocks from Messrs. Webb and Brand, Saffron Walden, were very fine, full-grown spikes and blossoms arranged on boards, giving an excellent idea of the merits of these tall and showy border flowers, for which this firm has long been noted. The collection of Phloxes from Mr. Percy Waterer, Fawkham, Kent, contained a large and representative gathering. In a group on the floor Messrs. Veitch arranged Inula racemosa, Senecio clivorum (very striking), Eucryphia pinnatifolia, Asttlbe Davidii, and Sambucus canadensis, a striking and handsome species. Messrs. J. Laing and Sons, Forest Hill, contributed Caladiums, Dracseaas, Alocacias, Crotons, and the like in a large group. Sweet Peas were shown by Miss Tarbolton and Miss Pollard, East Grinstead. The sprays were arranged in a natural wav with their own foliage. Messrs. R'chard Smith and C >., Worcester, brought a large gathering of hardy flowers, in which Platycodon grandiflorum, Scabiosa caucasica. Phloxes, Campanulas in variety, Iris Ksempferi, Water Lilies, and other showy plants were seen. Messrs. Paul and Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, had Poientilla Friedrichanii, a yellow-flowered shrubby species, and examples of the new purple-leaved Peach, with the common purple form for comparison. Messrs. J. Cheal and Sons, Crawley, had a small collec- tion of Dahlias (singles and Cactus flowered varieties principally), the quality excellent for so early a date. Mr. L. R. Russell, Richmond, contributed a large assortment of Crotons in medium-sized plants. Hardy flowers were well shown by Messrs. T. S. Ware, Limited, Feltham, Delphinium Belladonna being very fine, and Dahlias, Phloxes, Carnitions, the new perennial Pea, a large assortment of Gladioli, and many other good showy thines. Gloxinias in nicely-crown plants were well shown by Messrs. Peed, West Norwood, a large variety of colour and good fiowers denoting a choice strain. Selagineilas in fifty different kinds, with Ixora dixiana, and a collection of Bouvardias in a setting of Ferns, filled a large table, Mr. H. B. May, Edmonton, being the exhibitor. Messrs. Gunn and Sons, Olton, Birmingham, contributed a fine lot of Phloxes, chiefly in large masses, which were most effective. Mr. G. Reuthe, Keston, Kent, had sprays of Berberi- dopsis corallina in fiower, with Phloxes and other hardy things. Messrs. William Paul and Son, Waltham Cross, staged Phloxes, cut branches of trees and shrubs, such as Pavia macrostachya. Oaks, &c. Roses of the wichuraiana group, and Rose Earl of Warwick, a new deep flesh-toned Hybrid Tea, were also well shown. A large assortment of annuals, well grown and equally well staged, occupied the whole of a long taole, Messrs. Cannell being the exhibitors. Candytuft, Antir- rhinums, Centaurea imperialis. Asters, Dianthuses, Chry- santhemum tricolor, Lavatera, Clarkia, Browallia, and Shirley and other Poppies, made quite a feast of these easily-grown, free-flowering plants. The following medals were awarded by the floral committee : Silver-gilt Flora to Kelway and Son, Langport ; James Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea. Silver Flora io B&vt and Sons, Covent Garden ; Cannell and Sons, Swanley ; Cheal and Sms, Crawlev ; B. R. Davis and Sons, Yeovil ; J. Douglas, Edenside; Gunn and Sonn, OHon, Birmingham; a. B. May, G. H F. Nye, Amos Perry ; R. Smith and Co., Worcester; Mrs Tarbolton and Miss P"llard, East Grinstead : Percy Waterer, Fawkham ; W. Watson and S m, Dublin ; Webb and flrand, Saffron Walden ; William Bull and Sons, Chelsea; Laing and S'lnn, Forest Hill; L. R. Russell, Richmond. Silver Banksian to T. S. Ware, Limited, Feltham ; Hugh Low and Co., Enfield ; William Paul and Son, Waltham Cross ; J. Peed and Son, Nor- wood ; E. Potten, Cranbrook. New Plants. An award of merit was given to each of the following plants : Centaurea Jarman's strain (Jarman, Chard) ; Gladiolus Lady Inchiquin (Kelway, Langport) ; Tritonia Prometheus (Major Petre, Norwich) ; Sambucus canaden- sis (Veitch, Chelsea, and Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart ) ; Cam- panula carpatica White Star (Prichard); Qemerocallis Dr. Regel (Prichard) ; Spitfea Aitchisoni (Prichard, and Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart.) ; Carnation Roy Morris (H. W. G. Morris) ; Berberis vulgaris folils purpureis macrophylla (Paul, Cheshunt) ; and Buddleia variabilis magnifica (Veitch, Chelsea). These will be described next week. CARDIFF GARDENERS' ASSOCIATION. The ninth annual outing of the association will take place on Monday, the 14th inst., to the King's Acre Nui series, Hereford, by the kind invitation of T. Seaton, Ejq., managing director, who has very generously arranged to meet the party upon arrival at Hereford Station with brakes for the three miles drive to the nurseries, and entertain them to luncheon, after viewing their large and varied collection of plants, flowers, i&c. The train will leave the Great Western Station, Cardiff, at S a.m. sharp, returning from Hereford at 8.45 p.m. (Saloons provided). It has also been arranged that after luncheon brakes will be in readiness to convey the party over a six miles drive to Holme Lacy (hy kind permission of the Right Hon. the Earl of Chesterfield) to view the historic and extensive pleasure grounds, &c. The tickets (to members only) will be IDs. 6d. each, which will include the railway and brake trip to and fro to Holme Lacy and tea. Obituary— Mrs, G. A. Knight.— We regret to hear of the death, on June 10, of Mrs. G. A. Knight, wife of Mr. G. A. Knight, of the Mount Tolmie Nursery, Victoria, B C. , aged fifty-three years. She was a native of Bir- mingham, Eogland, and had resided in Victoria about twenty-six years. She is survived by her husband, two sons, and three daughters. Mr. G. A. Knight is a valued contributor to Thb Garden. Fruit cpops in Bucks, — The fruit crops in this district are very irregular. There was a wealth of blossom, and every prospect of a good fruit season. The frosts of M»y 22 and 23, followed by cold easterly winds, and the long- continued drought of May and the beginning of June, played havoc with the blossom. Apples are an average crop ; Lord Sutfield, Ecklinville Seedling, Bramle^'s Seedling, and Adam's Pear- main are very good. Pears are very poor. Plums are under the average ; Kirk's Monarch and Reine Claude de Bavay are the best. Peaches and Nectarines are bad. Apricots are good, espe- cially Moorpark and Kaisha. Strawberries have been exceptionally abundant and of good quality. Red and Black Currants, Gooseberries, and Rasp- berries are plentiful. Cherry trees trained on walls, and also standard trees, have been very good. The soil here is very light and gravelly, on a subsoil of gravel and chalk. — G. W. Smith, The Gardtns, Danc/iddy Marlow, Bucks. *,* The Yearly Subucription to THE Oakden is: Inland, 68. 6d. ; Foreign, 88. 9d. GARDEN. No. 1760.— Vol. LXVIII. August 12, 1905. TREES AND SHADE. HOW enjoyable the shady nooks of our gardens have been during the broiling days of July need not be dwelt upon. Any tree- shaded recess during the hot months of summer becomes the favourite garden resort during the midday glare ; even the attractions of the flowers failing to make us linger long about the open parterres while the sun is high and the heat oppressive. Yet we do not seem to take so much pains as our forefathers did in the creation of green alcoves and cool arbours facing the north, of which one hears so much in the descriptions of old gardens ; nor in the careful providing of the shady " wilderness," which was the ever-necessary appendage to every English mansion of the olden time, though scarcely ever thought of in the formation of modern gardens, in which all is required to be so trim and smart that the delightful old bit of wild Nature has had to submit to banishment, and, along with it, its subdued light, its cool shades, and all the charms of its natural wildness, in which Bramble and Bryony were allowed to intertangle themselves with Ivy as an undergrowth, and a Moss-grown pathway or two, could not even remain unmolested. In Elizabeth's time Shakespeare often alludes to shady garden bowers and Yew arbours as favourite retreats in summer days ; and delights to dwell upon such features in the gardens of ancient times. In old gardens the cropped Yew or Holly hedges of great height, green walls of verdure, made gloriously shady walks, imperi^ious to a single ray of light. Between two such hedges constant shade prevailed, and a fountain at one end added to the aspect of refreshing coolness. Nothing would be more easy than to plan and plant summer groves and groups of shade-giving trees in every new garden, large or small, according to the space at command, for there is no necessity to have recourse again to the cropped Yew hedges or Yew arbours of our forefathers, or to any other kind of topiarian work. The central fact to be borne in mind about shade trees is that some kinds are frequently planted which are useless for this purpose. Shade trees are of more importance in the heated streets of a city and in promenades, but it is absurd to plant a tree to furnish shade which frequently begins to lose its leaves before the hot summer days have set in. A good tree for shade is the Black Italian Poplar, and it possesses these essential qualifications even in London, where the Lime fails so much sooner than it does in the country. Some of the Acer plata- noides and the Sycamore and its varieties are strongly recommended, but the Horse Chest- nut loses its leaves in cities prematurely, and somewhat after the fashion of the Lime. The Ashes have fine qualities as shade trees, retaining their handsome leaves throughout the summer. The Planes are very fine, but somewhat open ; they also begin to show the yellow leaf too soon, but never in a very objectionable way. The Tulip Tree, when old and spreading, is a good shade tree. Populus alba and P. a. acerifolia are also valuable. Perhaps the most charming green hues are aflForded by Robinia and its varie- ties, which, though somewhat late in coming into full leaf, retain their exquisite verdure till late in the year. Many trees may be named which, in open situations, may be readily trained to form of themselves isolated shady retreats, even on a sunny lawn. The Weeping Ash, for instance, in a good situation will very quickly form a perfect tent of verdure, providing ample room within its descending branches for garden seats, and even a rustic table. The Weeping Mountain Elm, again, forms a fine, far-spreading canopy of very dense foliage, which, though not descending perpendicu- larly to the ground, and so forming an abso- lute tent like the Weeping Ash, is perhaps more impervious to the sun-rays, and casts a broad and deep shadow, in which a certain amount of coolness may be constantly enjoyed. Then there is the Weeping Willow, never yet utilised in this way, which, by careful management, might be made to form garden apartments of very picturesque character ; for instance, let four young trees, high standards, be planted at the angles of a square about 9 feet in diameter ; let a slight framework be raised, over which the lateral branches are to be trained ; and in three or four years an interlaced roof of summer greenery of considerable expanse will be formed, and then the new branches may be allowed to descend all round, forming a screen, or, rather, gracefully descending cur- tain, surrounding the entire space intended to be so enclosed. This result being achieved, the trees may be allowed to pursue their natural growth, and all appearance of for- mality will rapidly disappear, leaving to the pleasantly enclosed and shaded place the aspect of being merely a graceful accident of Nature, especially after the removal of the original supports to the roof of interlaced verdure, which may be done as soon as the branches have permanently assumed their positions and acquired sufficient strength to support themselves without extraneous aid. Many other shade-producing devices of more or less pleasing and appropriate garden character might be formed. IN THE TIME OF YUCCAS. Much might be written, and that to good purpose, on the stately effects to be obtained by the judicious planting of Yuccas of difi'erent kinds in garden scenery. It is impossible to overlook the beauty of Yuccas, even when planted singly or in formal lines, but, if arranged in bold groups and masses, they are unsurpassed as flowering and foliage plaftts for outdoor decoration. Just now, and for the next two months. Yuccas will be in flower, and their great panicles of pearly, white bell-shaped blossoms contrast so well with bright green conifers and low-growing shrubs of less distinct contour that all through the summer and autumn it is possible to form charming pictures by massing them either on the margins of shrubberies or in sheltered nooks on the lawn and pleasure grounds. This plant is simply invaluable if properly used in forming picturesque groups and clumps instead of being, as is too often the case, dotted indiscriminately here and there on turf in unmeaning regularity. It has been said that the Hollyhock is the only decorative flowering plant of any importance to the landscape gardener. Yuccas are even more stately however, and, moreover, they are permanent in character, being quite as ornamental in winter as in summer. They succeed nearly equally well in any soil, but a deep, rich, well-drained loam is preferable, and tney make finer specimens, if sheltered from rough cold winds, than they would do if rnore exposed. The flowers of all the species — and these are more numerous than many imagine— closely resemble each other, being mostly of ivory-like whiteness within, the backs of the thick wax-like segments being more or less tinted with purple. Much may be made of Yuccas by associating them in well-arranged masses along with other distinct and gracefully habited plants, such as the Pampas Grass, Arundo conspicua, hardy Bamboos, dwarf Fan Palms, and a 86 THE GARDEN. [August 12, 1905. score of other valuable decorative plants too seldom seen in our gardens. Among the many advantages possessed by Yuccas over other hardy evergreen plants is the vigorous growth they make in town gardens where many other plants would fail. Yuccas have been grown in English gardens for nearly 300 years, and yet they are far from being plentiful. THE EDITOR'S TABLE. Seedling Carnations. Mr. Petherbridge, Wern Dantzey, Paignton, sends a very beautiful series of seedling Carna- tions, which show great variation of colouring, and few have any tendency to burst the calyx. Beauty, yellow, cut into with heliotrope; J. P., yellow, deep claret edge to the petals ; and Tor- bay, creamy yellow, with markings of pale heliotrope — a very fine flower — were particularly worthy of mention. We hope our correspondent will persevere with his interesting task. Choice Shrubs. From Redruth, Cornwall, Messrs. V. N. Gaunt- lett and Co. send a choice gathering of shrubs and flowers, among them being Ozothamnus thyrsoideus, thickly smothered with small white flowers ; Buddleia variabilis, Esoallonia langley- ensis, Olearia macrantha, Phlomis fruticosa, Phormium tenax viride, and others. Shasta Daisies. From Swanswick Cottage, Bath, Mrs. Leslie Williams writes : "I send for your table flowers of two seedling Shasta Daisies I have raised, and named Le G^ant and Le Nain. The big one is a plant of good stiff habit, and does not fall abroad in drought, and I am anxious to know if you think it a fiae flower. I have all the best named varieties of Leucanthemum, and it seems to me far larger than any. It is a late flowerer, beginning when the others are all either getting over or in their prime. It and the other are in the hands of Messrs. Thompson and Morgan for trial, but I have retained the stock. The dwarf form, Le Naiu, makes a compact little bush about S inches high, very stin in the stems, neat, and very floriferous, and I think it should be valuable for bedding out, as, of course, it is an absolutely hardy perennial, indifferent to weather or soil. Please tell me what you think of these? The stems of the dwarf sent are cut close to the root, showing height. The larger one is 2 feet high. Can you tell me why one gets yellow colourings in Phlox Drummondii when there are none among the herbaceous Phloxes? Would a cross be possible? I have some good yellow Phlox Drummondii, and think this colour would be lovely in the herbaceous ones." [The big Shasta Daisy is certainly a very handsome flower, and we can imagine a mass of the smaller one to be very effective. One cannot, however, fairly judge a plant whose chief value lies in habit and floriferousness from a out flower. Perhaps some reader may be able to give our correspondent an answer about the Phloxes.— Ed. ] Mandbvillea suaveolbns. Mr. Silcock, HoUycombe Gardens, Liphook, Hants, sends " sprays of Mandevillea suaveolens gathered from a plant which is growing in the open against a brick wall facing nearly due south. The plant, with others, was raised from seed about four years ago, and when about 9 inches high was planted out in the present position. The first two seasons after planting no flowers appeared, but in 1904 it flowered freely, and even matured seed, from which I have been able to raise a quantity of young seedlings (I enclose a last year's empty seed pod). The plant is growing ip a compost of fairly heavy loam, leaf-soil, and brick rubble, with plenty of drainage, and during hot dry weather a good supply of water is given, with an occasional watering of farmyard manure. I may add the roots are protected with Bracken during the winter." PRIZES OPEN TO ALL. AUGUST. ESSAY ON BULB PLANTING. A First Pme of FOUR GUINEAS, A Second Prize of TWO GUINEAS, A Third Prize of ONE GUINEA, And a Fourth PrUe of HALF-A-GUINEA are offered far the best Essay upon " Beau- tiful Ways of Planting Hardy Spring- flowering Bulbs." The essay must not exceed 1,000 words, and should mention the best kinds for massing in the flower garden, the border, in the wild garden, &c., in spring, and the most beautiful ways of using them. The essays must reach the offices of The Garden, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, on or before the 3l8t inst. Envelopes must be marked " Oompe tition." The essays must be written on one side of the paper only. Competitors not conforming to these rules will be disqualified. The Editor cannot undertake to return the MSS. of unsuccessful contributors. Plan of a Flower Border. A FIRST PRIZE of Five Guineas and a second prize of Two Guineas are offered for the best plan of a border of hardy perennials, 130 feet long by 10 feet wide, drawn to a scale of a quarter of an inch to a foot ; bold grouping and good arrangement for colour and succession to be the main considerations. Half-hardy and hardy annuals and biennials may be included. The names of the plants to be written in their spaces on the plan — not referred to by letter or number. This competition remains open until the last day in September. NOTES OF=^THE WEEK. FOKTHCOMING EVENTS. August 15. — Royal Horticultural Society's Meeting ; Clay Cross Horticultural Show. August 16 — Bishop's Stortford, Calne, and Harpenden Flower Shows. August 17. — Djffryn District and Taunton Deane Horticultural Shows. August 19. — Seascale and Lake District and Sheffield Flower Shows. August 21. — Warkworth Horticultural Show. August 22. — Rothesay and Oxford Flower Shows. Mp James Jeffrey, who has just entered upon his duties as head gardener to the Earl of Ancaster in his celebrated gardens at Drummond Castle, Perthshire, is a young gardener to enter upon such a responsible position, but his past career and experience have been such that he may be expected to fulfil his duties in a most successful manner, and those who know him feel confident that the high reputation the gardens have maintained will be retained under his management. Mr. Jeffrey served his apprentice- ship with his father, Mr. James Jeffrey (now of St. Mary's Isle, Kirkcudbright), at Harewood House, Leeds. Thence he went to Keir, where he was for three seasons. After leaving Keir, he wept to Trent Park, New Barnet, under Mr. Lees, to whom he gave so much satisfaction that he was promoted to be foreman after a few months. When he left Trent Park he went to Brougham Hall, Penrith, as foreman. For the past sixteen months Mr. Jeffrey has been in the employment of Messrs. Dioksons and Co., Edin- burgh, for whom he superintended the laying out and planting of a large new garden in Ireland. — A. HOPticultUPal show.— A meeting was held at Trimsaran, Carmarthenshire last week, when arrangements were further matured for the above event, which will take place on September 2. Campanulas, &c., at Ravens- coupt Papk, Hammepsmith. — A houseful of Chimney Campanulas (C pyramidalis) at this well-kept London County Council park — very creditable to the superintendent, Mr. (Jingell — is just now a very beautiful feature. The plants are some 6 feet or more high, and per- fectly clothed with their attractive white and Cambridge blue flowers ; what a grand decorative subject I These plants delight in a light, rich soil, freely drained, and they are never allowed to suffer from want of water, a condition of affairs that would impoverish their growth, and renders them susceptible to insect prey — green fly or red spider. Near to this structure and the library is a magnificent Catalpa big- nonioides in full flower, and a wall of this building exhibits a rich profusion of the lovely bright blue flowers of Ceanothus azureua. The sunny aspect here suits it admirably.— Quo. Cabbagre Sutton's Appil.— At this date the grower who requires good spring Cabbage must sow for that purpose, and a note on the above may not be out of place. I do not go so far as some gardeners, who assert that Cabbage unless sown on a certain date will fail, but I do think that much depends upon the variety and good seed stock. When these are secured and sowings made late in July in the north and early in August in the southern parts of the kingdom, there will be a good return. The seed should have ample room. Many plants are crippled in their infancy by thick sowing, and when every seed germinates this should be avoided. For first supplies, that is, for cutting in March, April, and May, I do not know of a better variety than the one noted above. Some of your readers may think March an early date, but this is not so if the weather in the early part of the year is favourable to growth, as Sutton's April soon turns in. Last season this variety was splendid. Out of a large number not one in a hundred bolted.— G. W. Nigrella Miss Jekyll.— We have grown this plant this year, and have found it a very attractive annual. It is of a deep violet-blue shade, and much larger than the old Love-in-a- Mist. As a buttonhole flower it is much admired, and for exhibition purposes where annuals are shown it should rank high for its quaint, elegant habit. Love-in-a-Mist always makes an inter- esting bed in a garden, especially where a blue scheme of colour is required. — Walter Smyth, Holywood, County Down. A palsep of new Gladioli.— The paper by Mr. H. H. Groff of Simeoe, Ontario, on " Breeding from 'Tame' v. 'Wild' Species," which was presented at the Plant and Animal Breeders' Convention in St. Louis, December, 1903, has had such a wide circulation and attracted so much attention in England and the United States that a second edition of the printed copy has been issued. Since the circu- lation of the first edition Mr. Grog's claims for the great advantages to be gained by breeding from domestic specific types have been supported by Professor Hugo de Vries of Holland in his lecture at the World's Fair, St. Louis, in Sep- tember, 1904. Professor de Vries' conclusions were reached after an exhaustive series of experi- ments conducted for the purpose of proving that domestic species could be produced within a comparatively limited period of operation. August 12, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 87 A new herbaceous pepennial (Ang^elonia integerrima).— This is an interesting new herbaceous perennial for the warm greenhouse from Brazil and Paraguay. A plant now flowering in the greenhouse at Kew has four growths, 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet in length, terminating in racemes of flowers 9 inches to 10 inches long. The very numerous flowers are nodding, pouch-shaped, pale lilac in colour, spotted with purple. It is propagated by seeds, cuttings, or division, and is best grown in an intermediate house until the flowers expand, when it can be transferred to a cooler house. A mixture of fibrous loam, peat, leaf-mould, and sand will be found a suitable compost. It belongs to the natural order Scrophularines, and very few species of the genus are in cultivation. The one most generally grown is A. salicarisefolia, a blue. South American species, and the white variety alba, seeds of which are usually sold under the name of A. grandiflora alba. It is a graceful, free-flowering perennial. Owing to the ease with which it can be raised from seeds, it can be treated as an annual. It grows 15 inches to 2 feet in height. If short, bushy plants are desired, the points of the shoots may be removed several times. Planted outside in summer if the weather is favourable, it flowers freely. — A. 0. A new bog plant (Lysimaehia Japonlca). — A good planting of this new Loosestrife now flowering finely by waterside promises well for its future popularity. It is a vigorous species now 3 feet high, but likely to double that height when fully established, forming a sheaf of hairy, broadly lance-shaped foliage, and bearing several compound racemes of star-shaped yellow flowers, each as large as ashillinp, and zoned with a blood-red ring at the throat. The flowers are somewhat fugitive, but borne in such quanti- ties that the raceme is always well filled. It is a pretty plant, more like a perennial Phlox than anything else, and its yellow colouring is all the more valuable in a waterside plant because at its season of flowering there are very many rose and purple shades among tht Lythrums that need to be separated by some contrasting colour. Another new species (Lysimaehia Fortunei) is also pretty, but too near clethroides and barystachys in its white spiky inflorescence to be considered a real gain. L. japonica flowers naturally during July and August, and it stands surprisingly well in a out state for a Loosestrife. Its colouring appears a little dusky when closely inspected, but it is bright enough when grouped by the water.— G, B. M. The Royal Hoptieultural Society. The council of the above society, on the sugges- tion from the official representatives of several of our Colonies, have decided to hold four further exhibitions of Colonial fruits and vegetable pro- ducts, lasting two days each, on December 5 and 6, 1905, and March 22 and 23, June 6 and 7, and December 4 and 5, 1906. The object in fixing these dates is to suit as far as possible the season which is most likely to find the produce of Canada, British Columbia, and the West Indies, of India and the Cape, and of Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, in the greatest perfection in London. Opportunity is afforded for each Colony to make collective exhibits in addition to the exhibits of individual firms. The Agents-General and other authorities are most kindly rendering every assistance, and we trust that both growers and shippers will do their best to send in exhibits worthy of our Colonies, and to show what can be produced for the home markets. No entrance fee or charge for space is made, and tabling is also provided free of expense. If desired any produce may be con- signed direct to the society, and it will be stored in the cellars at Vincent Square and staged by the society's officials, but the secretary cannot undertake to repack and return any exhibits. Medals and other prizes are offered by the council in each of the many classes, which include Apples, Pears, Pine-apples, Mangoes, Grapes, Oranges, Limes and other citrous fruits. Peaches and Nectarines, Plume, Melons, Tomatoes, Nuts, Yams, and various tubers, and other Colonial fruits and vegetables. There are also classes for preserved fruits and vegetables, whether dried, bottled, tinned, jellied, or otherwise treated. The schedule and other particulars may now be had of the secretary. Royal Horticultural Society, Vincent Square, Westminster, S.W. Some good bedding Pelapgo- niums. — Fronting historic Kensington Palace are some good beds of Pelargoniums, crowned by fine masses of white Marguerites. Amongst the former King Edward VII. , a variety which has been used here for the first time this season, is an improvement in every way on Henri Jacoby, whether for pots or bedding ; flowers glowing crimson. The well-known West Brighton Gem is another strik- ing bedder, well worthy of a note, and very eS:ec- tively used here. — Quo. Anew shrub (Sop hopa viciitolia).— This comparatively new and quite rare shrub was finely in flower at Kew in June. It is a ch arac teristio shrub, forming a much - branched specimen, and flowering freely when not more than 3 feet to 4 feet high. The Pea -shaped flowers, about half an inch long, are white, suffused with lavender- blue. There is some variation in the colouring. It is a native of some parts of China, and is said to be very plentiful in Yun- nan, where large stretches of almost barren soil are covered with it. At Kew it has so far proved hardy. Peas and thpips in hot weather. During hot and dry weather much havoc is caused by these insects, espe- cially to Peas that are young and green and begin- ning to bloom. It is often these that are the most valuable. Much attention is given to watering and mulching, which are of no avail if this pest is allowed to get a firm footing before being taken in hand. I have had much trouble with it in years gone by. It is a simple matter to have an abundanceof Peas during early summer, but not so from August onward. This year I observed thrips attacked some Marrow varieties quite early in the season. Frequently this is not noticed until the young tips of the growths and leaves begin to curl, and by this time they have made a lodging. Unless something is done the growth is soon arrested and the young pods are injured. For several years I have used an insecticide, applying it in a warm state, and with force to send it into the tips of the shoots and on the under sides of the leaves. This is applied, when the weather is hot and dry, early in the morning or evening, in a fine spray from a syringe, about three times, and the wash being cheap the cost is but little. When the growth has ripened all is safe. Where the soil is hot and dry the plants need more attention. — Dorset. The newest vapieties of Potatoes to the number of forty are being tested this year by us. Golden Wonder, Highlander, Conquering Hero, Eldorado, Sim Gray, Pearl, Diamond, Money Maker, Duchess of Cornwall, and many other well-known varieties are making fine growth and looking well. Mr. Colin Macpherson's three new varieties, introduced by us last year, namely. The Macpherson, New Victoria, and Early Champion, are looking remarkably well, and exceedingly good reports are being received from the south. Mr. Massey, Spalding, who visited 'M>!:^T -. -:^c:.^fs'^. i^J5J»--v" "I,* ''■^fiP mm ■ /^'^- *'>r - % ^■' : ■■.-■ A NEW SHRDB (80PH0RA VICIIFOUA) IN THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. our trials a few weeks ago, and who is growing these varieties, is delighted with their appearance both here and in the south. — W. P. Laird and Sinclair, Limited, Dundee. New lawn plant.— In many parts of California, Florida, and other States the lawns are not as fine as in the eastern sections of the country. The dry spells in these regions are so protracted that the grass is oftentimes killed outright. Several substitutes have been used with varying results. Among the most successful is a plant belonging to the genus Lippia. Even this plant, however, needs attention to carry it over dry periods. A plant recently forwarded from South America promises to supply the demand in this more or less arid region for an 88 THE GARDEN. [August 12, 1906. ideal lawn plant. This interesting plant belongs to the genus Desmodium. It has very deep rooting habits and manages to keep alive and retain its bright green colour during very pro- tracted droughts. The plant has small trifoliate leaves and they grow very close to the ground. It never needs trimming. A supply of these plants is being propagated in the greenhouses for trial. — Korists' Exchange (New York). Pepthshipe Hoptieultupal Society. — In connexion with the centennial show of the Royal Horticultural Society of Perth- shire, to be held in Perth on the 17th, 18th, and 19th inst., the Perth Town Council agreed last year to present a cup to the society. At a meet- ing of the Lord Provost's committee, held on the 22nd ult. , the subject of the value of the cup and conditions came up for consideration, and some feeling was engendered by an amendment to a proposal that the cup should be of the value of £15 153., and that it became the property of anyone winning it three years in succession. The amendment, evidently based on entire dis- approval of the cup, was that the cup cost one shilling. After a warm discussion the proposal that the cup be of the value of £15 ISs. was carried by seven votes to two. NOTES OH LILIES. LILIUM LOWII. (Syn. L. bakeeianum.) CONSIDEEABLE variation was to be noted among the several plants of this Lily shown at the meeting of the Royal Horti- cultural Society on the 18th ult., so much so, indeed, that one or two well-marked varieties might have been selected therefrom. Though it is now over a dozen years since Lilium Lowii first flowered in this country, it is still a decidedly uncom- mon Lily, but a very pretty one, and more amenable to cultivation than some other species. As with Lilium nepalense and L. sulphureum, we are indebted to Messrs. Low for the first flowering examples of L. Lowii, though specimens of it were, I believe, pre- viously collected by S. H. Collett. Briefly, L. Lowii may be described as pushing up a slender stem to a height of 2 feet to 5 feet, or thereabouts. It is rather sparingly clothed with narrow, bright green leaves. The flowers are more or less bell-shaped, with the tips of the segments reflexed, but in this latter character there is a certain amount of variation. They are a little over 3 inches long, and as much across the expanded mouth, white tinged with green on the outside, and in the interior spotted with purplish crimson. This spotting is a par- ticularly variable feature, though as a rule it is limited to the lower half of the three inner segments, but this is by no means always the case. I have come across instances in which the inside of the flower was nearly covered. Though, like L. sulphureum, a native of Upper Burmah, it is more delicate in constitution than that just - mentioned kind ; indeed, L. Lowii must be regarded, at least as far as my experience extends, as essentially a greenhouse Lily. A NEW LILY. (LlLITJM SUTCHUNENSE.) This comparatively new and very un- common Lily was shown in good condition by Messrs. Veitch at the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting, on the 18th ult., when it was given an award of merit. Though rare it is by no means the first time it has flowered in this country, for this species was figured in the Botanical Magazine from plants which bloomed at Kew in 1899. In a paper read at the Lily conference in 1901, by Mr. Baker, on " Descriptions of the new species and principal varieties of Lily discovered since the publication of the monograph of Elwes (1880)," Lilium sutchunense is thus alluded to : "Bulb globose, 1 J inches diameter, scales ovate. Stem slender, 2 feet to 3 feet long, scabrous, leafless towards the base. Leaves moderately dense towards the base, ascending, linear, the largest 4 inches to 6 inches long, one -eighth to one -sixth of an inch broad. Flowers one to four, on long spreading peduncles subtended at the base by small leaves, horizontal when expanded. Perianth bright scarlet 2 inches long, copiously spotted inside with dark brown ; segments spreading from below the middle, oblong lanceolate, one half to five-eights of an inch broad ; nectary papillose. Stamens much shorter than the perianth ; anthers linear, one- fourth to one-third of an inch long ; pollen dark yellow. Style three to four times the length of the clavate ovary. Western China ; province " of Szechuen. Collected both by Prince Henry of Orleans and Father Farges. The Botanical Magazine figure was drawn from plants flowered at Kew in 1899, the bulbs of which came from M. Vilmorin. Allied to L. Maximo wiczii and L. pseudo-tigrinum." The specimens as shown suggest that this Lily will be more suitable for growing in pots or for associating with the choicer species than for cultivation in the open border. H. P. HINTS ON TABLE DECORATION. [In reply to " BcUlantrae,"] IK the space of a brief answer to a question like this it is difficult to compress a reply that will be of much service to our correspondent. The question is a large one, and to answer fully would fill many columns of The Garden. But there are a few points which stand out clear and well defined which must be observed and strictly adhered to before success in the beautiful art of floral decoration can be achieved. The first lesson to learn is not to overweight the table with too great a profusion of flowers. Do not have too many stands of flowers on a table, and take care not to overcrowd the flowers into the stands. Supposing Roses, Carnations, or any other flowers in season are to be used, should the vase be a small one, it will be far better to place a single perfect and beautiful Rose with ample and healthy foliage of its own than to crush in two or three. The individuality and beauty of each Rose are lost in a poor and meaningless bunch of Roses. The same with other flowers. Give the individual blooms of any kind of flowers which may be used a chance to display the grace and elegance they possess both of flower and foliage. Of course, if a larger vase be used, three or four or more specimens may be used, but avoid overcrowding. The question of colour or harmony of colours is most important, and must receive careful con- sideration. When the table is small it is far better to use one colour only. Again quoting the Rose, one of the prettiest little tables we have ever seen was the first prize decorative table at the National Rose Show in London last year, The flowers used were a single white Rose with a rich centre of a profusion of golden anthers, the foliage used being its own. Again, the other day at the Sweet Pea show in London, the first prize table was decorated by Peas of two shades of mauve only — light and fairly dark — garnished with sprays of Asparagus tenuissimus, a beautiful arrangement it proved for daylight, but for an evening table it would have been a disappointment, and this must always be borne in mind as colours such as blue, yellow, and mauve always look well by day but not by night. With regard to large tables it is not always possible we know for gardeners to have sufficient flowers of one colour to decorate the tables with night after night for a month or two at a time. Neither is it necessary ; butin all cases, whether the tables be large or small, harmony in colours rather than contrasts must be aimed at. The question of the harmony and contrasts of colours is well worth the close study of every gardener who wishes to excel in this part of his duty. As some few examples of harmony in colour, we may mention that shades of crimson, scarlet, rose, pink, and white go well together ; the same with purple, blue, mauve, and lavender to white ; the same again with all shades of bronze and yellow to white. Where there is sufficient room a delicate tracery of some foliage arranged in a pretty way adds much to the charm of any table. There are many subjects which may be used with pleasing efieot for this purpose, including Maiden- hair Fern, the finer Bamboo foliage, the beautiful bronze Selaginella caBsia, and in the autumn we have ample selections in the rich colourings of the foliage of our hardy trees and shrubs ; but perhaps the best of all are sprays of one of the many varieties of the useful Asparagus Fern intro- duced of late years. Blossoms of some delicate or choice flowers laid sparingly on these wreaths of foliage add much to the brightness and beauty of a table at night. We believe a book is being written by Mr. Brotherston, Tyninghame, N.B., on this subject. CORRESPONDENCE. (The Editor is not responaihle for the opinions expressed by correspondents. ) ROSE CLIO AND A QUESTION. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] SI R, — I notice that in a recent number of The Garden a correspondent advises another to cultivate Clio as a first-rate Rose. He omits to mention that Clio is one of the thorniest of trees, requiring a stout glove to handle, that it comes chiefly in clusters, and that it suffers much damage from sun, rain, and mildew. On these grounds I put it very low down on my list of 100, BO greatly do our tastes differ. May I propose a question — it may bring some useful replies— What Rose answers to this descrip- tion ? I know of only one Rose, but there may be many others. If you will be good enough to insert this enquiry, I, and perhaps many of your readers, may have our gardens enriched. 1. It has a branching habit. 2. Every shoot is crowned with a flower. 3. It does not hang its head, but is very erect. 4. It opens well and is full. 5. It is very vigorous. 6. It is as good in autumn as in summer. 7. It is not subject to mildew. 8. It is never burnt by the sun. 9. Nor spoilt by the rain. 10. Its colour is brilliant and does not change. 11. It is sweetly perfumed. 12. It is sometimes large enough for exhibition. W. Chapman. Eldene, Sandhurst Road, Tunbridge Wells. BAMBOOS FLOWERING. [To the Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — I planted a small plant of Phyllostachys boryana this year, and it is flowering from every little shoot all over. Messrs. Veitch tell me that this species is also flowering in their nurseries. August 12, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 89 In addition to the above, three old plants of Phyllostachys Henonis are also flowering, but two of them have thrown up very strong young shoots, which are about 12 feet high. It would be very interesting to know if these two species are flowering at Kew, and in the many private collections in the country. Forres. N. B. KOMNEYA COULTERI. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — I send you a photograph of my Romneya Coulteri, which has been a mass of bloom for the past three weeks. The plant is growing on a wall facing south-east, and has been in its present position for eight years since I planted it, a small plant out of a 4-inch pot. It is now over 12 feet high, about 5 feet wide, and blooms profusely every year. The soil of my garden is light, thin, poor, and hungry, and the plant has never had any assistance in the way of manure of any sort since it was planted. A. J. Sinclair. 19, Sydney Avenue, Blackrock, County Dublin. CLIMATE OF NORTH WALES. [To THE Editor or "The Garden."] Sir, — It may interest your readers to hear how mild the climate is in many parts of North Wales. I have been staying recently at a house near Towyn, Merioneth, where the walls of the stables were covered from base to roof with the deliciously fragrant Mandevilla (usually grown in hot houses), together with the lemon-scented Ver- bena, red and white Fuchsia, and Myrtles, all in full bloom. The Mandevilla in winter is protected by matting. Rhagatt, Corwen. S. Lloyd. TREES AND SHRUBS. HYDRANGEA PANICULATA GRANDIFLORA. I VERY garden should contain this plant, it flowers during August and c 1 ^ September, and helps to brighten I what are otherwise rather dull M V months. It is an easy subject to grow, and is also very amenable to special treatment for producing larger and belter flowers than it bears if let alone. When allowed to grow at will the panicles of bloom are small, but many in number, and are more useful for cutting than the larger ones, which are obtained in the following manner : In the spring young, strong plants are cut back to within two or three eyes of the old wood, and when the young growths are about 2 inches long about one-half of them are pulled ofi', and a fortnight later all the weakly ones of those left are removed, leaving from four to twelve shoots on a plant according to its age and size. When the flower-spikes begin to show in July, each shoot should be fastened to a light stick to keep it from being broken by the weight of the flowers. Good soakings of clean water, with an occasional dose of liquid manure or a good mulching, should be given during dry weather, and if the work is properly carried out there will be strong, pyramidal spikes of flower upwards of 18 inches in length by 6 inches in diameter at the base to last in flower for some weeks. Bagshot, Surrey. J. Clark. SOME SUMMER - FLOWERING SHRUBS. To readers of the gardening journals the name of Veitch is not only an historical one, but one that seems to carry with it an authority for all that is of good report in horticulture. It is there- fore that residents in the south-west of England, and especially in the counties of Devon and Corn- wall, feel an amount of satisfaction in the fact that the house of Veitch practically originated in the neighbourhood of Exeter, and at the present time is worthily repre- sented by Mr. P. C. M. Veitch, the head of the Arm of Robert Veitch and Son in that city. It is probably well known to most readers of The Garden that Mr. Veitch is not only an enthusiastic loverof plants gene- rally, but that he has a special liking for trees and flower- ing shrubs, a branch of horticulture that has of late attracted a considerable amount of atten- tion. In a recent visit to the prin- c i pal nursery ground at Exeter — for they are situated in difierent parts, the trial grounds being at Exwick and the collection of forest trees at Exminster — I saw a number of attrac- tive and well-grown plants, among them being the following: Senecio Oreyi. — A compact shrub, with silvery grey foliage and numerous pale yellow flowers. It is one of the many Composites which have come into favour of late years, and is certainly a plant worthy of general culture. Phlomis /ruiicosa, known as the Jerusalem Sage, is a half-shrubby plant belonging to the natural order LabiateiE It grows from 3 feet to 4 feet high, has whorls of yellow flowers, and leaves and stems covered with white down. In Escallonia langleyensis we have a splendid hardy evergreen shrub ; the bright glaucous green of the leaves is alone a strong recommendation, but when covered with the numerous rose-carmine flowers with the star-like yellow stamens the plant is seen to perfection. Added to this, the flowers when expanded last a considerable time before falling. Altogether the plant has strong recommendations for more general culture. It is a hybrid between E. philippiana and E. maorantha. The former species (E. philippiana) was also flourishing and flowering at the time of my visit. It has minute deep green leaves and pretty little star-like flowers, white, tinged with pink. Pretty as this is, it is eclipsed by E. pterocladon, the foliage of which is a brighter green, and is prettily arranged along the branches. The flowers, which are white and very numerous, have their petals recurved. Altogether it is a very attractive plant. Swammerdamia Antennaria is a very beautiful Composite plant, the bunchesof white flowers being distributed among the leaves, the upper and under surfaces of which are of two distinct shades of green. The flowers have a Hawthorn-like scent. Phyteuma orhiculare. — This beautiful little Campanulaceous plant, which grows to about 1 foot high, bears globular flowers, as its name THE CALIFORNIAN POPPY (ROMNBYA OOtJLTBRl) IN A DUBLIN GARDEN. indicates, of a beautiful violet colour, which is intensified in bright sunlight. In Baptisia aiistralis we have a splendid legu- minous shrub, bearing an abundance of deep blue papilionaceous flowers, toned down to nearly white at their edges. Both flowers and foliage have much to recommend them. The well known Carpenteria califomiea with its beautiful white flowers was also much in evidence, as was also Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius with its dark green linear Rosemary-like foliage and mass of small white scented flowers. The dense flower spikes of Syringa japonica give to this attractive shrub the appearance at a distance of a very free flowering Spiraea. Its freedom of flowering and its habit generally, together with the perfume it emits, make it a valuable flowering shrub. A very pretty little leguminous plant is Indigo f era gerardiana floribunda ; the numerous small mauve flowers and the small leaflets give it a character quite its own. StephaTUindra flexuoaa is a species of graceful and striking habit, arising from the form of its leaves, its slender stems, and the crimson colour of the latter. Spircea Foxii carries with it a dense covering of white flowers, the stamens projecting beyond the petals lend to the whole plant a light feathery appearance. In Atriplex canescens, the flowers themselves have very little attraction, being of a greenish yellow tinge, but harmonising as they do with the foliage, which is of a somewhat more decided green, the plant has a peculiar interest. J. R. Jackson, Claremont, Lympstone, Devon. 90 THE GARDEN. [August 12, 1905. A VICARAGE GARDEN. SHORWELL, ISLE OF WIGHT. THE garden of the Rev. G. E. Jeans, the enthusiastic Rose grower and exhibitor, is remarkably situated on a slope of the downs, with the beautiful church almost in it at the foot. From the summer-house at the top, with a sugar-loaf roof, there is a fine view of the sea, which is about 2| miles oflf. There are some very fine trees in the lower part of the garden — the Araucaria (see illustration), over 40 feet high ; close to it an immense Deodar of great girth, forming a splen- did dining-room in summer (even in a heavy shower the rain hardly gets in) ; then a very massive and old Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipi- ferum) ; an immense Cupressus macrocarpa behind the house, which has had to be tied with iron bands for safety in the strong south-west gales ; a great Weeping Ash ; a fine- shaped C. lawsoniana, and others. All these are old, we cannot say how old, but some more have been added which are becoming fine trees — a i ■ Mulberry, a Medlar, a Brown ^ ' Turkey Fig, an Almond, and j^ a splendid Pyrus Malus flori- bunda. S^»^ The garden front is extremely PWdH^y. picturesque. The house is partly old, Elizabethan or Jacobean, with heavy mullions at the north end, but con- stantly added to or altered since. The best times for the garden front are about Whit- suntide, when the Wistaria and the yellow Banksian Rose are outj and in October, when the Vitis (Ampelopsis) Veitchii, which covers almost the whole front, is gorgeous in the extreme. Mr. Jeans has about 820 RoseSj about 470 of which are exhibition sorts. These are nearly all on the slope ; indeed, the garden has hardly any level. Teas and Hybrid Teas are on one side, Hybrid Perpetuals on the other, grouped according to colour, beginnmg with blush and pink up to the very darkest, such as Abel Carrifere or Sir Rowland Hill. In the upper garden is the nursery, where the budding is done. Plants are transferred as needed to the show beds. Mr. Jeans prefers standards for the majority of varieties, and has been for years increasing the proportion of them to dwarfs. But there is a con- siderable number of standard dwarfs, made by cutting away all other shoots when a dwarf of a strong kind (such as Margaret Dickson, Caroline Testout, Jean Liabaud, Dr. Andry, &c.) has an unusually vigorous shoot, and then letting it bloom or grow out only in the head. These often give fine blooms. All but expert rosarians imagine that they are standards. The soil is good, but too light, and needs additional nourishment. It is a very light loam, with freestone underneath it at a small depth. It needs no hoeing. It never gets really dry. In a moist climate like this, however long the time without rain, the soil an inch or two down in any properly fed garden is sure to be fairly moist. Owing to the amount of moisture in the air, it is not worth while growing here any Roses that have a tendency to " gum." Such as Boule d'Or, Earl of Dufi'erin, &c., are better left out. Mr. Jeans has never yet had even a fairly good Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, and though a few people in the island have done THE FLOWER GARDEN. A B08B GARDEN IN THE ISLE OF WIGHT. fairly well with Her Majesty, it is probably on sandier soils. One of the greatest sights in the garden is an immense Crimson Rambler growing on a cage for bush fruits. This enormous mass of crimson can be seen half a mile away, and people have often wondered what it is. The garden has no wall, but there is a pic- turesque stone- walled garden close by which is occupied by the gardener, a genuine sur- viving old islander. There is a quiet charm in such a garden as this with its Roses, fruit trees, and picturesque old Araucaria. It is the garden of one who loves flowers. PROPAGATING THE VIOLETTA PANSIES. WITH the object of planting in their permanent quarters in October next the Vio- lettas we have already commenced to insert cut- tings. The beautiful tufted character of these plants enables the grower to utilise almost every available piece of growth for the purpose of perpetuating the different stocks. At the time of writing the pieces that were planted last year, and similar clumps that were placed out in their flowering quarters last spring, are represented by ideal tufts, and from these we are able to procure an abundant supply of cuttings of almost the whole of those now in commerce. These beautiful little gems of the garden only need to be seen in full blossom to be appreciated by those who realise how valuable the Vio- lettas are for edgings, or, what is better, for the rock garden. For the last six weeks our plants have been bright with flowers, and in the hope that the newer sorts as well as the older ones may become better known, those interested in the perpetuation of this new race of plants should see to the insertion of their cuttings without delay. Autumn planting has many advantages. If planted suffi- ciently early in the month there is ample time for the young plants to become estab- lished, and in ordinary seasons time for them to make con- siderable growth before the hard weather sets in, so that by the spring-time each little piece should be a pretty little tuft. It is astonishing what progress they make once the spring season is with us, the smallest tufts in the course of a few months developing into plants from 8 inches to 12 inches or more across, and by the middle of April at the latest they should be freely studded with dainty blossoms. Should growers be desirous of procuring stock of a more sturdy and still more satisfactory character, the old plants may now be cut back, and some light gritty soil worked in the crowns with the hands. These same tufts in the course of a few weeks will be covered with newly-developed growths, and when these are some 2 inches — more or less — long they may be detached for the purpose of providing cuttings. There may be growers who wish to save themselves the trouble and time necessitated in the perpetuation of the stock by cuttings, and who would prefer to increase their stock by division. At almost any time these plants may be lifted and August H, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 91 divided up into numerous pieces, and where speedy results are desired this is a method of increasing stocks that has advantages. No one who has seen a really representa- tive display of these flowers set up in sprays or plants growing in the garden can fail to appreciate the value of the Violettas in the hardy flower or rock garden. They are a race of plants with great possibilities, and — unlike the larger forms of the Tufted Pansies, the growths of which are often elongated and unwieldy, and which also carry blooms of large size, though far from interesting in many instances — only need to be taken in hand to ensure for them perpetual cultiva- tion. It is a great mistake to insert cuttings in cold frames at this somewhat early period. All forms of the Tufted Pansies succeed better when propagated early and by being inserted in a cutting-bed made up in the open. No better position for a cutting-bed can be selected than that with a northern aspect, or, failing this, a quarter of the garden where a shady position can be given them. Loam, leaf -mould, and coarse sand in equal quantities should comprise the compost for the cutting-bed, the two first-mentioned ingredients being passed through a sieve with a half-inch mesh. The whole of the ingredients should be well mixed and spread over the allotted quarters to the depth of 4 inches to 6 inches, and made firm and absolutely level on the surface. It is a good plan to firm the cutting-bed by the aid of boards, which should be care- fully placed in position and firmly pressed. Subsequent to this the cutting-bed should be given a thorough watering, using a fine-rosed can for the purpose. Two or three applica- tions of clear water will thoroughly moisten the soil. Left thus for a few hours the water will be fully absorbed by the soil and rendered in a fit condition in which to insert cuttings. Insert the cuttings in rows, start- ing each row first with a label with the name clearly denoted thereon and the date, of propagation. Cuttings should be inserted about 2 inches apart in rows, and the rows 3 inches apart. It may seem superfluous to emphasise the importance of pressing the cuttings firmly at their base, but all true propagators know this is essential if the operation is to be successful. Deal with one variety at a time, so that there may be no risk of the stocks becoming mixed. The growths of the Violettas are in many cases so similar that unless this precaution be taken the propagator may easily get his stocks mixed. It is for this reason that one needs to emphasise the necessity for careful labelling previous to dealing with the respective varieties. In the cool position given them it will be unnecessary to shade the cuttings from the bright sunshine which we invariably experi- ence at this season, and if only the cutting- bed be occasionally watered by the aid of a fine-rosed can and the surface soil be kept free from weeds, however minute they may be, the rooting process should take place within a month, and delightful little pieces ready for transference to their flowering quarters should then be ready by the first week in October. In addition to the dozen or so sorts that are now generally catalogued, there are others which are to be distributed in the near future ; promising seedlings, with some new and distinct marking, each one possessing points of merit, and also with the beautiful habit and wiry constitution peculiar to these plants. These will enrich our collections very soon, as a new set is being prepared for distribution. Highgate, N. D. B. Crane. THE ROSE GARDEN. ROSES IN THE GARDEN. A PAET from growing fine specimen /% blooms there is a great field open to / % lovers of Eoses. Grown in various / — % ways as beautiful garden plants, ■* *• and now in their rich profusion no one will decry their claim to universal popularity. Large old plants of Gloire de Dijon and other nearly related Teas, also Cheshunt Hybrid, William Allen Richardson, and some of the older Hybrid Perpetuals, as General Jacqueminot, Alfred Colomb, and others equally well known, have been most beautiful with me, and the same is true of the pink Moss and Celine Forestier, which planted side by side flower about the same time and form a fine contrast to each other. Paul's Carmine Pillar was the first Rose to open, its rich colour and free-flower- ing nature making it a great favourite. Crimson Rambler will follow it closely, but though I am willing to admit this makes a fine show, it is certainly less beautiful in the open than under glass, owing to the peculiar tint of the foliage. The copper and yellow Austrian Briars and the Penzance Sweet Briars, such as Lord Penzance, Meg Merrilies, and others, are showy and sweet, while the delicate flowers of the rugosa type are just at their best. There is a freedom about these single and semi-double Roses that is lacking in the very double kinds. Souvenir de la Malmaison, as I have it here, is a fine climber, the flowers deeper in colour than in the old variety. Climbing Captain Christy, on the other hand, is a fine summer Rose, and very beautiful in its pale flesh tints. H. ROSE AGLAIA. This is a splendid Rose, particularly free- flowering, and one that is suitable either for training over a pergola or for forming a natural untrained bush, as shown in the illustration. Its bunches of pale yellow flowers are very pleasing, and are not so fleeting as some. Other free-growing Roses might be allowed to develop in the same way, and charming bushes would result. Helfene is one that occurs to mind at once as being particularly suitable. POLYANTHA ROSES AS DWARF STANDARDS. These excellent miniature Roses, when budded upon hedge Briars from 12 inches to 18 inches high, make most lovely objects for standing singly upon the lawn or for planting in the centre of beds of this class. Perle d'Or when thus grown is charming ; indeed, all the tribe would be suitable. Mme. E. A. Nolte, Gloire des Poly- antha, Perle des Rouges, Anna Marie de Montravel, Mosella, and Blanche Rebatel should be given a trial in this way, and I am sure the desire would be to increase the number. It is so usual to see these Roses recommended for edgings to Rose beds, that one is apt to overlook the fact that there are other ways of making them useful. P. ROSA FIMBRIATA (HYBRID RUGOSA). One would take its flowers to be those of a finely-grown Dianthus were it not for the foliage. Its petals are not very numerous ; usually about four rows compose the flower, but each petal is beautifully fimbriated, which is much accentuated by the edges of each one slightly turning upward. The outer row is almost pure white in colour, but the remainder are a delicate blush. Surrounding the stamens are three or four imperfect florets of a rich carmine-pink, giving a most artistic finish to a very uncommon Rose. It is not so free- flowering as many of the R. rugosa forms, but no ROSE AOLAIA Ag A FRBE-GBOWINO BUSH IN THE BOYAL GABDBNS, KEW. 92 THE GAKDEN. [August 12, 1905. doubt plants of it trained in pillar form would yield a larger quantity of blossom. Its foliage is a refreshing bright green and almost oval in form. It is said to be a cross between Rosa rugosa and the Tea Rose Mme. Alfred Carriere, and it cer- tainly has much of the latter variety in its lovely foliage. ROSE GLOIRE LYONNAISE (HYBRID TEA). As a garden Rose this possesses considerable R a ^ merit. " There is something peculiarly attractive about its large expanded blossoms, they are not at all formal. In the bud state it is very lovely, the colour being pale lemon, and although not quite so refined in form as those of a Tea Rose, these buds make very serviceable button- VVHEBB ROCK AND FLOWER MEBT (IN MISS WILLMOTT'S GARDEN AT WARLET). holes. The rapid Igrowth and regular flowering of every shoot are all desirable qualities in a Rose for growing in masses. It is not, however, a variety one should plant in exposed positions, for it is a tender Rose. The Briar is the stock for it, as it will not succeed at all on the Manetti, but it strikes freely from cuttings. This Rose is sometimes seen upon walls, and has probably been planted there instead of the more rambling Belle Lyonnaise, with which it is often con- founded. The mistake has often turned out a happy one, and I can most certainly recommend it as a semi-climber. The wood is of a reddish the II.— THE GARDENS OF WARLEY PLACE. (Continued from page 7 6.) O S E species are one of Miss Willmott's special branches of study. They are in abundance throughout the garden, but a great number are within the large enclosure devoted to plants for observation. Many of them are grown as tunnels, making plea,sant shady walks. I may safely say that the gardens contain one of the best English collections of wild Roses and ancient types. Irises of the Oncocyclus group do fairly well; they are plants that we are unable to grow in Switzerland, and that are, in general, difficult or uncer- tain in England. We owe grateful acknowledgment to Mr. Hoog, the nephew of Mr. VanTubergen,who has obtained by hybridisation from the Oncocyclus Irises a whole series of new Irises, much resembling them as to their flowers and colour- ing, but which are as easy to grow as the Flag Irises. This series is as yet in Messrs. Van Tubergen's trial grounds and at Warley only. Leaving the plants for study, as of less interest to the general public, I turn to the garden for enjoyment and pic- torial effect. First, there is the Wall Garden ; an enclosure with high walls, con- taining rare and tender hardy plants. The walls are furnished with scarce plants need- ing shelter, that Among them are Ceanothus Veitchii,' Acacia dealbata, which flowers every year, Choisya ternata, Punica granatum, Piptanthus nepalensis, Jamesia americana, Solanum, crispum and S. Wend- landi ; various Buddleia, Lonicera, Jas- minum, Cistus, and Grevillea ; Clematis Sieboldi, Fremontia calif ornica, Clerodendroii Hookeri, Poeonia lutea, Buddleia Colvillei, Carpenteria californica, and the rare Berberis Freraonti. In the borders surrounding this well sheltered and protected spot, are collec- tions of Lilies and Fritillaries in all their climb to th« top. colour, and but very few spines appear, foliage rather small, of a rich green colour, com- .^,1, bining to set off its beautiful blossoms to the best 1 beauty. Crown Imperials grow 5 teet higli ; advantage. ?• ' the Lilies of China, Japan, and the nearer East, of the Alps and of Nerth America form immense clumps and flourish amazingly. Hundreds of hardy species, Dicentra, Dode- catheon, Dictamnus, Aster, Incarvillea.Poten- tilla. Primula, Amsonia, V erbascum, Spircea, Phlox, Delphinium, Campnmda: an immense bush of Lavender, that looks as if it had survived from the time of the earlier garden- ing at Warley — all these succeed each other throughout the year, while the midmost space of the garden is devoted to the most precious bulbs. The Water Garden, fed by a natural spring, stretches to the south of the park. Its edges are planted with several kinds of Saxifraga, Cypripediuaii and other Orchids, Gunnera, marsh-loving Ferns, Astilbe, various Calla and Caltha, Menyanthes, Mimulus, Gentiana, Primula, Lysimachia, ifec, while from the water rise flowers of the newest and most beautiful NymphiTjas. The whole is grouped with such excellent taste that one loses the sense of a garden artificially arranged. In addition to the Nymphseas one sees Saggitaria, the aquatic forms of Ranunculus, Villarsia, &c., etc., and in a sheltered bay the rustic chalet brought from the Swiss Alps, with its herdsmen's gear, its mountain furniture, and its porch covered with woodland Ivy. In an extensive space outside the farm a large new kitchen garden has been made, with pergolas and a central tank, flower borders, and a rill and pond destined for the bog and water flora of all England. The garden of perennial plants is in itself a botanical establishment of great value. It is in the old Warley fruit garden. Several of the old trees have been retained, and .serve as supports for choice climbing plants. The whole space is a garden of flowers, with winding paths paved with flat flag-stones, after the manner of Japanese gardens ; the stones being placed among groups of tufted plants, which frame them delightfully. Rockwork, picturesquely arranged, and specially constructed for the reception of the plants that are to grow upon it, takes up a quarter of the garden. Here are to be seen the daintiest of plants, and here I was able to greet, in full bloom, some of the most charm- ing flowers of the high Alps, such as Eritri- chiuni nanum. Rhododendron chamaecistus. Primula pedemontana, Cottia, clusiana, minima, marginata, Monroi, spectabilis, Wul- feniana ; Campanula. Elatines, Zoyzii, cenisia, Allionii, excisa, mirabilis, speciosa ; Ranunculus alpestris, amplexicaulis, jyarnas- sifolius, glacialis ; Androsace glacialis, carnea ; Astragalus monspessulanus ; Gen- tiana Clusii, verna, vernaalba ; Sileneacaulis, acaulis alba, correvoniana, Pumilio, Eliza- bethce ; Afecotiopsis integrifolia : Anemone alpina, Baldensis. The following plants are extremely flourishing : BsveraXAcantholimon; the whole collection of JSthionema, the New Zealand Veronicas, Calypio borealis, that Canadian jewel, found there and in Finland. Even in the formally-designed part of the garden there are plants innumerable, giving flowers from beginning to end of the year ; Hellebores in winter, then bulbs, Primroses, Saxifrages, Phlox, Verbascum, Delphinium, Campanula, two of a kind planted in each bed, would give unfailing delight. There should be no set style of growth, merely allowing the plants to grow at will, naturally forming themselves into floral mounds in a very short space of time. Nothing could be more agreeable than to wander among some such mounds upon a lovely June day, the sense of all artificiality gone, and the pleasure remaining of a vision of almost wild beauty such as one may see in isolated cases in some old stone-quarry or in an opening in a wood. The plants themselves from the very first respond to this style. You plant them 4 feet to 6 feet apart in good, well-trenched soil, and thus they are left to grow as they like, not even trimming the shoots back the first year. As soon as they are established they send up those fine basal shoots which are the life of the plant, and the spreading, bending growths accelerate the development of such shoots. The variety is almost limitless, but a selection may be helpful to intending planters. Of Penzance Briars — the Sweet Briar with brilliant flowers, whose introduction we owe to the late Lord Penzance — the best and most brilliant are Anne of Geierstein and Lady Penzance, but the whole sixteen varieties are interesting, although not quite distinct enough, Then a mass of the gorgeous Carmine Pillar, and another of the charming Briar Tea named Una, which if once planted will be wanted in other places either for hedge or shrub. The intense yellow single Austrian Briar and the fiery red single Austrian Copper are deserv- ing of special beds ; so also are the double white Scotch Rose and the large-flowered single Scotch altaica, which yields its lovely blossoms from base to summit. Other delightful single Roses are macrantha, moschata nivea, Polyantha grandi- flora. The Dawson Rose, the showy Musk Rose, R. Brunonii, and Jersey Beauty. Then what can we say of Rosa sinica Anemone ? Its huge blossoms of brilliant rose-pink are perfectly lovely, and not the least part of its attractions are the shining foliage, larger and even more handsome than that of its parent, the Cherokee Rose or R. sinica. Flowering later is the Waltham Rambler ; the huge trusses of Apple blossom like Roses are most picturesque and beautiful. Then we have, still later, the type of a remarkable race of Roses, R. wichuraiana. This race is destined to play an important rdle in the Rose world, and it would not be safe to predict its possibilities. The flowers of the type are a pretty white, with an abun- dance of golden stamens, and the fragrance is very sweet. A few tree-stumps should be put in the centre of a bed of this variety to keep its very procum- bent shoots off the ground. Another gem is R. wichuraiana rubra, flowering with the type. It is of beautiful colouring, ruby red, and produced in huge bunches. For table decoration this sort has few equals, the foliage, a bright grassy green, aiding the effect considerably. As I said at the outset, the variety is endless, and I only name these kinds as being my favourites. A mass of Electra should be found in this wild garden, also Leuchtstern, and from the Ayrshire and Ever- green Roses we might cull F(51icit<$ Perp^tue, Flora, Leopoldine d'Orleans, Bennett's Seedling, Ruga, and Virginian Rambler, resting assured that we had got the best of them. As late autumn - flowering clumps Bardou Job and Gloire des Rosomanes should be planted, and a few bushes of Fissardii would give the garden a bright appearance in August and September. Some newer Roses well adapted to the culture recommended are Morgenroth, a charming sort resembling Carmine Pillar, but perpetual ; Gott- freid Keller must be seen, as description does not do justice to its lovely tints ; Mrs. Orpen, a glorified macrantha ; Bellefleur and Maharajah, two gorgeous single Hybrid Perpetuals. It will be seen that the variety is large enough, the difficulty being to find space. Should it be impossible to plant a bed of a kind, a long border free of other shrubs and well trenched would make a grand place for the sorts I have named. It would be necessary to give the plants an area of at least 20 square feet to 40 square feet each if their individual beauty and free development is desired. Philomel. COMBINATION OF EARLY- FLOWERING ROSES. Foe all who can afford the space, large masses of one variety of Rose are always best, but where accommodation is limited, pretty effects may be secured by judiciously combining those kinds that flower simultaneously. As the centre to a good- sized bed, I would suggest about three or four extra strong plants of Carmine Pillar trained in pillar form, around these a circle of the hybrid Sweet Briar Amy Robsart, followed by circles respectively of Hybrid Sweet Briars Anne of Geierstein and Lady Penzance, with another ring of the double white Scotch Rose, followed by yet anotherof Rosa ferruginea (syn., rubifolia), which would give an interesting band of coloured foliage if well cultivated. To complete the arrangement, a band of the Austrian Briar Harrison!, followed by an edging of miniature Provence de Meaux or Spong might be used. If the size of plant be regulated when planting according to its position in the bed, a pretty, interesting, and effective, almost conical, mass of blossom would enliven the garden during the early days of June. ROSE FLORA IN THE ROSE DELL IN THE ROTAL GARDENS, KEW. 108 THE GARDEN [Adgust 19, 1905. ROSE CAROLINE TESTOUT. How is it that this Rose maiotains its high reputation ? One is not particularly attracted to it when seen in the exhibition box among its more perfect neighbours. If form were to be the pre-eminent quality, as some individuals would maintain, this variety would be a long way down the list, for it certainly cannot claim the regular outline of its great rival, La France. Yet the fact remains that in the garden it has superseded the old favourite. The erect habit of the plant, the long flower-stalk, the exquisite bud, and the immense shell-like petals of the expanded flower all conduce to the undoubted popularity of the variety. Another point worthy of considera- This is sold from a stall in the town on market days. These Heueheras are readily raised from seed sown in a box or pan in early spring, and the plants bloom the next spring if planted out from the box when large enough to handle. J. C. THE GENUS LEWISIA. In addition to the four species mentioned on page 368 by Mr. Irving, all of which are doing well with the Co-operative Bees at Neston, there is another pretty species also in cultivation, namely, L. pygmsi. I have not seen the latter in flower, so am not able to give a description. The former is very vigorous, and has long, massive spikes of bell-shaped flowers of a pale blue colour, which appear in early summer. In our garden it is most vigorous, and is not fastidious as to soil. On a narrow bank at the foot of a Yew hedge wa have large masses of it in a semi-wild state. Associated with the common Wake Robin the pink and blue go well together, and need no attention except to clear off the ripened foliage each year. S. peruviana is not often seen in the open garden, and is con- sidered to need some protection. This may account for its scarcity. Still, it is a most desirable kind, and so distinct that many would not think it was a Squill except for its foliage. ^ but I understand that it is not one whit behind its tion to all who require quantities of cut flowers compeers in beauty and elegance. We have also a i The flowers are a deep blue and arranged in is that it is quite a week earlier " ' '"" " '' ^ than La Prance. By giving it a sheltered spot it might be had ten days in advance of other H.T.'s. ROSE GEORGES FERNET. (POLYANTHA ) This is a beautiful little Rose, quite one of the best of this interesting class of dwarf perpetual - flowering edging or bedding Roses. The colour is peach, shaded yellow, and the blossoms, so freely produced, are rather large for their class. I think these Roses are not suflB- ciently prized. They make charming edging plants for the kitchen garden or carriage drive. As with all Roses, the ground should be well prepared for them by trenching, and if some good material, such as burnt garden refuse and pig manure, be worked in with the subsoil, some splendid bushes will be produced which may either be hard pruned annually or moderately pruned with the object of making large plants, for these Roses, although diminutive in blossom, will develop into plants equally^ as large as any Tea Rose. P. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS. HEUCHERA SANGUINEA A CONSIDERABLE dif- ference of opinion is expressed about this hardy plant. In some gardens it is reported that it either does not bloom satis- factorily or is very shy in this respect, while the colour varies very much. I have been growing it from the first, and have proved all the foregoing statements to be correct. When grown in North Hants, in an exposed position the blooms were frequently destroyed by late frost just as they appeared above the foliage, and the same has occurred in this garden when the plants are growing in open situations. About three or four years ago I planted strong plants at the foot of a low wall facing south. Now they bloom freely and are most satisfactory. This year the slender sprays have been very charming, and when out of bloom the close foliage is very ornamental, especially on the rock garden. We have the deep red form, which was shown so well some years ago at the Temple Show in large masses and attracted much attention. Recently I saw the pale pink form of this a mass of flower in a small garden in Chard; an irregular Pear-shaped pyra- mid ; they have white stamens. Early in June I found this in large patches 1 foot or more across in a cottage garden near where I reside, and it has been quite as good for the last three years. The position is high, the soil well drained, and it remains in the open without protection. J. Crook. Forde Abbey Oardeiis, Chard. FRUIT GARDEN. THE O WHITE LIL1E.S IN A COTTAGE GARDEN. (In Tnany a cottage garden the white Lily fiowers in the way it is shoum, and it is not often that the stems become diseased. The reason of this is, no doubt, that the bulbs remain undisturbed from year to year.) sixth sort under the name of Calandrinia (Lewisia) Columbiana. Whether or not there is a true species bearing this name I cannot say, but so far I have failed to detect sufficient difference between the last-named and L. leana to warrant botanical distinction. Neston, Cheshire. E. Hobton. TWO LATE-BLOOMING SCILLAS. Amongst bulbous plants Soillas hold a foremost place, and bloom over a long season. The two kinds under notice are campanulata and peruviana. JEFFERSON PLUM. F American origin is this famous Gage Plum ; iu fact, it is sometimes called American Gage. It is one of the best dessert Gage varie- ties grown in this country, and succeeds best as a wall tree. It may also be grown as a standard or a pyramid. As the illustration on the next page shows, it is an excellent variety for pot culture. The photo- graph of this tree was taken in Mr. Leopold de Rothschild's garden at Gunnersbury House, Acton, where quantities of fruit trees in pots are grown to per- fection. For full details as to the culture of Peaches, Necta- rines, Cherries, and Plums in pots readers should refer to The Garden for June .3 last, which contains Mr. Bedford's first prize article on this sub- ject. The Jefferson Plum is a large, oval-shaped fruit with a slight suture ; the skin is greenish yellow, becoming goldep yellow, often faintly reddened on the sunny side, covered with a thin white bloom. It has a rich yellow flesh, which is juicy and almost free from the long pointed stone. The flavour is rich and luscious. THE PERSHORE PLUM. In the Pershore and Evesham districts there is no more important fruit grown than the Pershore, or Egg Plum as it is commonly termed. At the present time quantities of the green fruits are being sold in the local markets, and some also are being forwarded to the large towns. The crop was supposed to be a very small one, and in many plantations this is the prevailing state of August 19, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 109 affairs, but there are others where the trees are heavily laden, anH this, too, in situations which do not apparently offer any special facilities. At the ptesent rate of gathering and marketing it seems probable that a large proportion of the crops will never be allowed to ripen, as the demand is fairly good for the green fruits. A few growers maintain that there is no profit in selling green, owing to weight and size being below the average ; on the other hand, the Pershore Plum quickly becomes over-ripe, and it loses quality then very rapidly. Besides, the markets are soon overstocked, and prices fall to an extremely low level. Perhaps the best time of all is when the fruit is about half ripe ; it is excellent then for cook- ing or preserving, especially the latter purpose ; in fact, some large jam makers contend that it is unsurpassed in general usefulness. It is strange that nothing seems to be known about the origin of such a distinct variety. Some friends of mine, resident in this district for many years, regard it as a wildling which has been increased both by seed and suckers, but chiefly by the latter means. I am told that it comes quite true from seed, but have had no chance of testing this, though I have not observed many variations from the type. It appears to make a first- rate stock for other Plums on all the heavy lands of this part of Worcestershire, and several varie- ties that have not proved satis- factory upon the ordinary nursery stocks here do well on the Pershore Plum as a root. There is some remarkable peculiarity in the variety as regards constitutional hardiness and fertility which few others possess in a similar degree R. L. Castlb. GOOSEBEERTES Thb superb display of Goose berries made at the Royal Hor- ticultural Society's hall in Vincent Square on the 1st in St. by Messr?. James Veitch and Sons may not be inaptly described as a "Goose- berry annual." It is not merely that the collection yearly evidences the great number of varieties in commerce, and for Goose- berries such consid erable variation in appearance or flavour, as also the capital cul- ture bestowed on them at Langley to enable the firm to present such high - class samples, but it even more strikingly shows the faith- ful service ren- dered by the Gooseberry and the high confi- dence which can be reposed in its produc- tiveness. We - ^'^^ - >'*'" jwwf^^^^i^lW^ ■■'-•*• -' '^^"- ' ' ^^^^^^^^^1 1 H ^^^^^ B .JUP^Jl^^^^,,. . ■i >»^^^SSfe;' i^S- ^ ' ■ ~ • K^i^ A POT-OROWN TREE OF JEFFERSON PLUM. might almost say of Gooseberries that, come good or bad seasons, they never fail us. This year, for instance, we have to lament a very short crop of Apples, Pears, and Plums, in spite of the brilliant promise of very abundant crops the spring FRUITS OF JEFFERSON PLUM. (Spdufeii.) bloom gave. Were these fruits— and most important fruits they are — as responsive to our care and culture as Gooseberries are, how different would our annual fruit reports be ! Messrs. Veitch's collection also showed, as such collections do yearly, that not a few, but practically all, varieties are fruitful. True, there are degrees of production in them, but all are more than less reliable producers, and that is indeed a great deal. It is with all this knowledge of Gooseberry excel- lence and cropping yet a matter for regret that the great mass of the people never do have the chance to taste a really good fruit when ripe, hence the demand for them for dessert is greatly limited. Really the Gooseberry suffers from two primary features. First, it is a fruit that can be, and is, cnn- sumed in enormous quantities in a green state ; and secondly, because gathering the fruits green and marketing them is so profitable, and also gives relief to the bushes early in the season. Growers of the fruit for sale plant almost only varieties that give large green fruits early, and such ones as when the fruits are ripe have little flavour. Even these, as a rule, are gathered when but half ripe, hence the consumer of these, the best he can obtain in the market, finds for dessert purposes they are exceedingly disappointing. C >uld the ordinary consumer of market ripe fruits have been privileged to taste of the best flavoured and ripest of many of Messrs. Veitch's samples, they would have expe- rienced an entirely new sensation so far as Gooseberries were con- cerned. Possibly eome day an enter- prising market grower may i>lant by ihousands bushes of Lingley Gage, Lang'ey B-auly, Golden Gem, Red Warrington, and others of the best flavour, and then send them in small boxes of from 21b. to 101b. out to consumers per post or rail perfectly ripe, so that each morning while Gooseberries last they may enjoy delicious ripe fruits on their breakfast tables and at other times during each day. What a boon to fruit lovers that would be ! The many half bush, cordon, or f lat- 1 rai ned bushes staged at the back of the group showed how with other than the stereo- typed old bush form of culture it is possible to produce truly wonderful crops on the more restricted and trained forms of plants named. The Langley show of trained plants proved to be an object- lesson to many who love good Gooseberries. A. p. 110 THE GARDEN. [August 19, 1905. GARDENING FOR BEGINNERS. GOOD ROOM PLANTS. — If one 18 to grow plants successfully in rooms, it is necessary in the first place to have a proper selec- tion of plants. Everyone knows that the green and variegated- leaved Aspidistra are the best. The India-rubber Plant (Ficus elastica) succeeds well in rooms, and 80 does the variegated form. Aralia Sieboldii, with its bright green, deeply-cut leaves, is also an excellent room plant. The Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria excelsa) is one of the most effec- tive, and, at the same time, one of the easiest to keep in good health. Of Pains, perhaps the best is Latania borbonica ; its broswl, fan-shaped leaves are very handsome. Other Palms more or less satisfactory (according to the treatment they receive) are Kentia fosteriana, Chamairops humilis, and Rhapis fiabelliformis. Among Ferns, Pieris tremula is always to be relied upon to keep fresh and green. Adiantum Capillus veneris, too, is quite happy as a room plant. The Bird's-nest Fern, with its broad, rich green leaves, thrives well, and the Stag's-horn Fern (Platyceriura alcicorne) may be grown with every hope of success. Ptetis cretica and its pretty varie- ties are invariably satisfactory. Altogether a fair number of Ferns may be used. Among flowering plants, Vallota purpurea (the Scarborough Lily), various other bulbous plants, such as Hyacinths, Tulips, and Daffodils are most useful. Fuchsias, Pelargoniums, Musk, and Creeping Jenny are all suitable. Flowering plants such as these cannot be expected to grow well if kept in rooms all the year round. They should be grown in a greenhouse and brought in the dwelling-house when in flower, or else be grown in a window-box or in pota in the window. Grevillea robusta is a plant of graceful habit and ele- gant foliage that may be grown in rooms. Some Dracasnas may also be made use of. Cultured Hints. — The soil must never be allowed to become water- logged, which it is liable to do if the drainage is not effective. Always give ample drainage. The soil should contain a quantity of silver sand and broken crocks, for these materials help to keep it sweet. When the pots are well filled with roots the plants must be carefully watched, for it is probable that some of the lower leaves may begin to turn yellow. This would indicate the want of more soil, so the plants mu»t be given larger pots, or, if they admit of it, they should be divided and each part placed in a pot of suitable size. The best time of the year to pot plants in rooms is in spring, for then they are beginning to make fresh growth and quickly root into new soil. Careless watering is usually the cause of room plants dying, and without eiiioient drainage it is impos- sible to water correctly. Wait until the soil seems slightly dry and the plant, if lifted with the hand, feels light ; then fill to the pot rim SIMPLE HINTS. with water two or three times to make sure that all the soil is thoroughly moistened. Do not give more water until the soil seems rather dry again. During winter room plants do not need water for weeks together sometimes ; in hot, summer weather they generally need watering about twice a week. One can lay down no rule, but this will serve as a guide. When leaving home for a few weeks, those who have room plants are often at a loss to know what to do with them to keep them in good health. The best thing to do is to give them a good watering just before leaving, and place them in a cool, shady room in bowls containing waterabout an inch deep. 80MB GOOD ROOM PLANTS. I Rosea for Poles. — Pole or pillar Roses are I lovely when the right kinds are chosen and one can plant them round the margin of the lawn !or group them in open places in the shrubbery. For retired spots the Penzance Briars are attrac- tive, and when the flowers are over they are bright with heps. Reine Olga de Wurtemburg, Bouquet d'Or, Aim^s Vibert, Celine Forestier, Ophirie, Climbing Captain Christy, Gloire de Dijon, Claire Jacquier, and there are many others good for this purpose, and besides Roses there are other useful pole plants. Honeysuckles and Jasmines are sweet, and Cotoneasters and Pyra- canthas are bright with scarlet berries in winter, but the sites should be well prepared and deepened, as a half-starved plant struggling to climb a pole would have a ludicrous effuot. Herbaceous Calceolarias. — Sow seeds of a good strain now in sweet soil very lightly covered with sand. It is best to give the soil in the pan a good watering first and sow the seeds thinly on the damp soil. Cover the pans with a square of glass, and place in a shady frame. When the little plants are large enough to handle prick off into other boxes. The plants must always have a cool treatment, safe, of course, from frost. Fine specimens may be had in 7-inch pots by shifting the plants on from time to time as they require more room. Equal parts of loam and good leaf-mould or old manure with a free admix- ture of sand will suit them. This is one of the few plants which is not improved by very firm potting. The plants soon lose colour if placed in the sunshine. To obtain seed the flowers must be ferti- lised with the camel's hair pencil, selecting the best flowers only. The Shrubby Calceolarias. — Years ago I had a fairly good collection of these. They were dis- tinct from the usual bedding kinds, had better flowers, and were of a dwarf bushy habit. I remember one called Golden Gem was a lovely pot plant, juat the kind of plant that would show to advan- tage in the cottager's window, or if grown to a good size would make a fine conservatory plant. The herbaceoua Calceolaria is an annual, but the shrubby kinds are perennials. If anyone has a good strain it would, I think, pay to develop it. — W. The Best Bearing Apples in a Bad Fruit Year have in our expe- rience always been of the Codlin type. In many districts Apples are scarce this year, but when one does come across a well-cropped tree it generally belongs to the Codlin family. They have always been good bearers, and if well nourished they do not seem to mind carrying a heavy load, and they are excellent for cooking. Fragrance in the Oarden. — A garden without fragrance does not fulfil its mission. Earlier in the season we had a feast of the per- fume of white Pinks, now the prevailing odour comes from the beds and borders of Stocks, and in the gloaming when the sun has gone the sweet fragrance of the Night-scented Stock will come in through the open windows. Just now, too, the spicy flavour of Lavender is conspicuous, and besides these special things there is the mixed odour of many flowers, which is even more grateful to the weary worker in his restful momenta than the stronger scent of Lilies or other flowers. There is a pleasant fragrance also in foliage, especially of such plants as Thyme, Balm, Myrtle, Geraniums, &c. Mignonette will be, of course, in every August 19, 1905.] THE GARDEN. Ill garden, for it haB a habit of sowiog itaelf, and aa a rule these self-sown plants are very hardy and vigorous. Musk is another cottage garden plant which has been neglected of late in better-class gardens. I once had a Rose garden where Musk grew in tufts among the Roses, where the mingled fragrance of Roses and Musk in the evening often drew visitors to the garden. Some Vagaries of Plant Life. — There are curious anomalies in Nature. Just now several seed merchants are worried about a case where a farmer sowed good seeds of a particular kind of Swede Turnip, and though the seeds grew well the plants refused to form bulbs, and produced nothing but green leaves just like an ordinary Swede, and only fibrous roots. The anomaly comes in when seeds from the same source and stock are doing the right thing on other farms. At present we are inclined to think it is a question of soil and climate, but experiments are being carried out which will help to elucidate the matter. The vagaries of plant life are common, I might almost say the world is full of them. Many have come under my own notice, and other cultivators could tell the same story. Some years ago I bought half-a-dozen plants of Rudbeckia Golden Glow, which is a double- flowered form of R. laciniata. The first year they flowered well, every flower being double. Now they have all gone back to the type, there is not a double flower among them. When living in Norfolk a good many years ago, I had a large vinery containing a mixed lot of Vines, among them being one Vine of the Black Frontigoan, and one season one spur produced a bunch of white Grapes exactly like, and of the same flavour, as the White Frontignan, but afterwards reverted back to the black kind again. I have known of one similiar case where a Vine pro- duced black and white Grapes on the same Vine. This and other similar freaks may be classed among the marvels of plant life. A Peach tree which produced both iPeaohes and Nectarines I saw some years ago in Worcestershire. — W. The BanaiM (Musa CavendishiJ. — There is a paragraph going the rounds of the cheap Press (this being the big Gooseberry season] stating that the Banana would die in a lower tempera- ture than 100°. This, of course, every gardener knows is nonsense. Many British gardeners were growing and fruiting Bananas before a single bunch of fruit was imported, and fruit ripened very well in an ordinary stove tempera- ture of 65° to 70° at night. The Banana is no stranger in this country, and years ago it could be seen in the London parks bedded out as a sub- tropical plant. There are several varieties. Musa Cavendishi is the one commonly grown, and it is one of the easiest to cultivate. It may be grown in pots, tubs, or planted out in a bed of good soil. 1 have never grown it without bottom- heat, and I think some root warmth is necessary. When the clusters of fruits are cut the plant dies back to the base, but in the meantime suckers are shooting up, and these started in bottom-heat soon develop into fruiting plants. With liberal treatment it will take about twelve months from the sucker to the fruits. — W. Cassia corymbosa. — Yellow climbing plants are not very common. I have lately seen this plant very effective in a cool conservatory, planted in the border, trained up the wall, and afterwards up the roof, where it associated well with Plumbago capensis and Bougainvillea glabra. It is an old plant. I used to grow it in a pot as a specimen plant, in which condition it flowered freely, and occafionally done duty in a collection of stove and greenhouse plants at a show. — W. Utilising Fern Bails which have Failed. — In buying Japanese Fern balls sometimes one gets hold of a bad case, and quite a number fail to grow. Out of about 12d in a case we had this year forty failed. We have filled up the balls with seedling Ferns, such as Adiantum Capillus- veneris, &c., by dibbling them in sufficient numbers to clothe the ball. From present appearances we are inclined to think the Japanese will not send any more Fern balls. We shall make them at home. Thuja gigantea. — This makes a very handsome lawn tree, and grows very freely to a considerable height ; but large specimens are somewhat difficult to transplant, though young plants will do well if properly attended to with mulch and water. Very often in dealing with trees and shrubs which do not move easily, sprinkling over- head every afternoon is better than heavy water- ing at the root. Shading, too, is beneficial when planted late. Decorating Side Walls and Stone Steps. — If not covered with something, terrace steps are very ugly. We have seen the walls covered very prettily with several forms of evergreen Cotoneastera. Planted outside and encouraged to grow over the stonework they soon spread, and have a very dressy and natural appearance. C. microphylla, congesta, and horizontalis are suitable varieties. Tomatoes : Why do they Crach? — For the same reason that other fruits, such as Grapes, Goose- berries, Cherries, &c., crack. The fruits get hide - bound through drought during the growing season, then when they get a better supply of moisture the skins burst under the pressure. Very often this cracking may be acce- lerated by giving liquid manure very freely. To prevent cracking aim at regular steady progress throughout. GARDENING OF THE WEEK. FLOWER GARDEN. BEFORE the flower-beds begin to wane in beauty and beaten down with bad weather note care- fully any errors committed either in using unsuitable plants or in the arrangement of them so as to avoid similar mistakes in future, while, on the other hand, striking contrasts or harmonious combinations should also be as carefully noted for repe- tition—with variations— in coming years. Endeavour now to formulate a rough general plan for next summer planting ; a fair idea can thus be formed of the plants to be utilised and the approximate number required. This facilitates the work of propagating considerably both autumn and spring. If a stock of such plants as Alter- nantheras, Coleus, Irehines, Mesembryanthemum cordifo- lium variegatum, Konigavariegatum, &c., was not reserved at planting time, the points of the shoots now being pinched should be used fur cuttings. Placed in a close pit or frame thejy will quickly strike and produce a succession of nice sappy cuttings, forming a much better nucleus for a stock for wintering than plants lifted from the beds in autumn. A few Lobelias should be cut down to induce them to throw cuttings from the base of the plants. Verbenas should also be propagated whenever suitable cuttings are available. An early batch of these will produce good cuttings for standing over the winter. Dahlias.— Any choice, new, or scarce variety can easily be increased by cuttings of short-jointed stiff side shoots, which are now in good order for putting in. These will form nice little tubers by the winter. Violas — Where these have received liberal treatment during the recent drought suitable cuttings will now be available in quantity, so they should be inserted flrmly in drills of fairly sandy soil in a partly shaded border, choosing the young shoots from the base of the plants in preference to those produced higher up the stems. The points of flowering slioots are useless as cuttings. Some of the young growths will already have small roots attached. Preserve them intact. They are a step ahead of their rootless companions. Tuberous Begonlas must be well supplied with water- varying it occasionally with weak liquid manure— should dry weather prevail, for it must be borne in mind that it is a moisture-loving plant. .All pods must be picked off unless wanted for seeds, and assist them in every way towards prolonging their blooming season. Any vacant spaces which may occur in the herbaceous borders through plants going out of bloom should be filled up with various plants specially reserved for the purpose. I find late spring-sown Antirrhinums and Tobaccos and late-struck Marguerites and Salvias, among others, work in usefully and bloom late. John Kobbrts. The Gardens, Tan-y-bwlch, North Wales. INDOOR GARDEN. Chrysanthemums.— If large flowers are required, buds are now being eagerly watched for. The- timing of the buds, if to be open by a certain date for shows, is a very important matter. Inexperienced growers can often obtain useful hints from one or other of the catalogues issued by well-known nurserymen. If earwigs cause any trouble by eating the young leaves, place a few old hollow Bean-stalks between the pots, or invert small pots with a little mosa in the bottom here and there on the stakes. Either of these form an excellent trap, which must be examined every morning. The earwigs are easily blown out of the Bean-stalks. Take care to secure all growths against strong winds. Kemove all suckers and weeds from the pots. Rich ARDIAS. —For early flowering and where grown in pots all the year round these will now need attention. Shake off' a good part of the old soil and repot, using a compost of fibrous loam, leaf-mould, dried cow manure, and sand. Place K.. africana (rethiopica) singly in G-inch pots, or three in 9-inch or 10-inch pots. Six-inch or 7-inch pots are large enough for Little Gem, childsiana, &c., unless exceptionally large clumps are grown. If it is desired to increase the stock, remove the suckers and pot up into small pots. Stand them all for a week or two at the back of a north wall or in a house having the same aspect. Syringe if the weather is bright and dry. Water having been gradually withheld from R. elliottiana, most of the growths have died off. Knock the tubers out of the pots and place in sand, or they can be stored in the pots as they are in a dry shed or under the stage in a cool house. Edgings.— In the show houses there are usually places, such' as the edges of the beds or borders, and often the edges uf the staging, where a few low-growing or creeping foliage plants can be used to give it a more finished appearance. These should be renewed about- the end of the month, so that it will la^t in good condition through the winter. A few of the most suitable plants for using in this way are Panicum plicatum, P. variegatum, Tradeacantia zebrina, and a number of Selaginellas. The cuttings can be inserted fairly close together in shallow boxes and placed in a close frame till rooted. Air can then be gradually admitted, and the plants transferred to their permanent positions. General Remarks.— Aa soon as Caladiums show signs of decay, remove them to au intermediate house and gradually reduce the supply of water. Prick off some of the old soil from the tops of the Anthurium pots and pans, packing up with fresh turfy loam, peat, and sphagnum moss. The Gesnera exoniensis, started in shallow boxes, are ready for potting up singly in small pots. Give Codiieums (Crotons) the benefit of all the sun and light possible. Allow each plant plenty of room, and syringe several times daily. A supply of Lily of the Valley can be kept up with little trouble till the end of the year with retarded crowns. It is usual to place the order for delivery fortnightly or monthly as necessary. Potted up and kept dark for a few days, they flower in about three weeks. Never allow the pots to get dry. Royal Botanic Gardens^ Kew. A. Osborn. FRUIT GARDEN. Late Muscat Grapes.— There is always a great demand for the White Muscats, and everyone aims at keeping up a supply over as long a period as possible. For long keeping it is essential that the bunches be perfectly finished, and this fact should be borne in mind in the subsequent treatmentof the Vines till the Grapes are cut. Laterals must be removed before they become long enough to need cutting out with a knife. The bunches must not, however, be exposed directly to the sun, else they will become brown. It is also of importance that the foliage is retained in a healthy condition as long as possible. During very hot weather a little weak lime-wash syringed on the glass will be of assistance in effecting this object. Watering the borders must be done with greater care now than at any other season. Any neglect in this matter is likely to be attended with complete failure in regard to long keeping. Where the borders are confined to inside, no diflSculty need be experienced in keeping them in proper condition, but some provision should be made for covering outside borders during long spells of wet weather, which prevents long keeping, and also considerably affects the flavour of the Grapes. No stimulants should be used when waterine after the berries commence ripening. Ripe Grapes.— Such varieties as Black Hamburgh and Madresfield Court will not remain long in good condition after they are ripe, but by judicious management their season may be prolonged. During hot weather the venti- lators may be thrown wide open all through the day, leaving sufficient on at night to ensure a free circulation of air, but when the weather is wet the pipes should be warmed a little, and if the top and bottom ventilators are slightly open the atmosphere will he kept dry. The glass may be shaded as advised for Muscats. Examine the bunches daily for decayed berries, as if these are not removed at once decay will spread right through the bunch at a surprisingly rapid rate. Figs.— Trees on which the fruits are swelling are taking abundance of moisture at the root. Two or three times a week is not too much for trees carrying heavy crops if the borders are full of healthy roots. Use the syringe freely among the foliage, especially if red spider is present. Stopping must be regularly attended to. Strong growths in particular should not be allowed much freedom. It will also be advisable to remove suckers, which rob the trees of much energy and are a direct cause of fruit dropping. Gradually reduce the supply of moisture when the fruits are ripening. The early trees in pots may be 112 THE GARDEN. [August 19, 1906. nipottt'd now If m-oBBBtiry. If tho trows are In fuII-Hlzod iiolH, lti« IiiUIh luiil rnolK inuHt ho reductid tuul rtipottud [iitn lh(* miiiic p<»tH, wliich Mimuld bo Willi dmlndd. Gtind lllinum hiiun, with pU'iity of old briok rubblo and u little eiiiHlit^d litttioR, will foriu h Bultuldu coiiip<)"t. riuiiKt* t>ie pnlH in HHbt'H nftiT iH)ttlnK, mid nyrliiKU tho trt-oH inornliin luid iiftonuMin 'I'IiIh hns lu'rit » (dvoiiruhlo ai'iiBOii for outdoor troi'H, mid, 11 thoy huvo not BUtrorud for luck of moUturo ut tho rootB, K'""' crona should hr K^thorod. Slop mul rtKUliito tho ihootB, hut do not wxpoBO tho fruttB to tho dirtrt rnys of tlio B«n. K. liAUlilHM. h'ttiit Di'partuunt, Royal tford<^»w, WimUtor. KITOHKN GARDKN. Onu'NS.- It would 1)0 ndvlsnhio to aol/.o tho Mrat oppor- tuidty whon tho urouud iu In Rood «irdor and bow the Onions that aro to ho for oarly ubo next yoar. If tho ground was propnrod aa roooniiuondoti In a fornior calou- diir. tho only noocHHary work now will bo lovollinK mul nntkiuK llrni boforo diawluK out tho drills U> Inchos apart and 1 Inoh doop. Ah far aa poaslblo lot the aurfaco nuiuUl usod for oovorinn tho si't'd bo thio, and this result is boat proourcd by drawing tho oarlh into tho ilrllls with tho loot, (tno plan Ih to apply a good doso of Bottt or froBh llino all ovor I bo Onion plot, and this ni-tn both as manuro and pnrillor. Then rako ovor tho k'"""'"' vorv llKhtly in adlrootUui pariillol with tho rows. Much raklnn should bu avoided, as It tends to intiko tho surt'aco hard or oakod, greatly hindering the ytmng (bdou pbitits from getting throufib the soil, (llant Uoeea Is a roniarkably lino variety for Huwing ut this tlino, being hardy and good In liavour, but unfortunately this variety, like many others, bctlts in ■imio Beasons, and it Is to the .season we must look for tlie main eauHo uf this. Suttou's rerfeetlon is another good winter thilon, ludng large, Bhapoly, yollow-aklnned, of oxoelloui (luallty for the table, aud therefore hound to hooome n atandard variety. (.'AUi.ii'i.oWKK is a vegetable most of us like to have ready for u»e as early In the season as possible. Caull- llowors, like Oidons, when aubjeeted to sudden chaiigoB of weather, bolt badly ; then spring-sown plants are brmight into ronulsltlun, and. as a rule, those prove more reliable. NotwithHlHudlng this, where space is available In cold frames, well alroil aud eovored aceortling to outside tomperatUTos, young t'aulllU>wor plants can be anccoas- fully brought thmugh the winter, aud with congenial Bpiiiig weather ean easily be made ready for cutting. Karly London la hardy, of faultless iiuality, and always ready for cutting at an oarly date. Sutton's Magnum lUnuun forms a good suceosBor to Karty London. I have not sown it sutUoienlly often to Cimeluaively prove Its merits as n hardy Vfirioty, but It la undoubtedly an oxeeltont t'aullllower for supplying Ihio heads from July onwards. The bonds are largo, pure white, and of exeel- lent llavtuir. A plot of ground shiuild tie chosen on some sheltered l)ordor with a southern aspect on which to sow ti»e t'aulltlower secil. A beil is preferable to sowing the Boed In rows. If tho seed Is not sown U*o thickly tho young plants can bo trunsferrtid to llteir winter quarters wiilumt injury. t'Ki.KKY.— Continue to remove the buttora leavoB and suckers, and tie up young plants when ready for earthing up, as recouimouded In a former enlenilar. Put mor« earth to tho rows of (,'elery that were prepared for soiling Biuue time ago. It la most Important that the st>ll be llnely ttrokeu up early In the day, and that botti soil aiul Celery plants should be porfoctly dry when the additional soil Is placed round the plants. Lkkks planted early In the Boaai^n must he freed from woods if they abound, aud have their surroundings well stirred with the Outch hoe previous to giving them a good dose of liiinid manure when the gi-ound Is moist. 'Ihose in trenches will also be greatly l)enetited l)y a copious supply vt some stintulant. Like many other gross feeders, they succeed best If given a change of food. Lliiuld from the tank, soot water, guano, and nitrate o( soda will all produce gratifying resutt-s when judlulously apulled. J. JKFKUKY. The Oai'dfiix, St. Mary's IsU*, Kirkctiitbright. ROSK (;ARI)KN. S K A S O N A n 1. M N O T K S . Pui'NiNd KASTUKOuiNti KosKs. — Thoso. including the Crimson Rnmblor aud Its progeny, wlchuralana Koses of the Dorothy Perkins family, Evergreen Roses such as KiHIclti^ IVrptHue, and Noisette and Tea Roses such as Hove d'Or and tllolre do Oijon, may now be pruned. If this Important work is carried out now, not only do wo aid tlie thorough ripening of the remaining growths, but we also relieve ourttelves of much work iu the Imsy spring months. Where the Kaaes are on arches or pergvdas, they should be l^kon down and their gn.>wths well spread out upon supnorts, suuti as hunlles or any temporary article. Siuue assistance should bo acci>rtleil the operator, the one having on some slout gloves, and the other prepared with knife, secateurs, and pruning saw. 1( ganleners fully realised the importance of this summer pruning they would make special elTort to carry It out. So much ilopends on age and variety as to how the Uoae should be pruned, hut, as a general rule, ctil away all wxhuI more than throe years old, aud preserve all (he young ntota thai spring frvim near the base. Siuuetimos an old shoot will pn»duce a strong, vigonuts young cane alH>ut half-way frotu it» base, anil. If this 8h<.H)t Is wanted, by all means retain It, hut If there are several others equally g».H>d do not hesi- t«te to cut out the t.dd one, as more will soon follow from tho base. Spi-oad i>ut the new wood as the plant is rolaid upon the arch or pillar or wall, so that the utmost advan- tAge may be taken of the stin and air. 1 do mtt advise •liortening the young growths retained ; certainly \n*t at presotit. Leave them to grow an much as they will, fork up soil round about tho plants, aud give liberal waterings oucv a week If the weather cont innes dry. Thoso Rum- blern, and especially those on walla, must never fool the tu'od of molBturo at the root. After pricking up the soil give a mulching of short manure with a minimum amount ot straw in it. Poat-inoSH litter Is a gt>od mulching article after It comes from the stable. 1 thoroughly bollevo in the virtue of bono-meul ; a handful or »o given now and hoed In will act marvelloualy on tho plant by next season. A climbing Ruao Is only In a really good vigorous condition when It Is providing for the future In the shape of new wood as well as producing blossom. One often meets with a tine old plant one mass of bloom, but few now shoots, and the end of that plant Is very speedy. It would have been liottor to cut out several of the shoots before (lowering time, which would have the elt'ect of starting new growths from the base. (.'UTTINOS OK Tka Rosks, made from well ripened wood, may be Inserted round the edges of r>lnch pots, ualng a very aantly soil. Stand ihem on an ash base in a cold frame uiulor a tuirth hod;{e or wall, and sprinkle freiiuontly tho Ilrat few days. Keep the loaves on, but romovo those at base of cutting. If possible take ott' a heel with the cutting. Tho best wood U that which has just blossomed. In wliich the eyes aro jnst on the move again. After rooting, whicli will be In about six weeks, stand tho pots In full sun, taking care they dt) not suffer frtun drought. Pot Rosics Foil Kakuy Koiumnu may bo still ropt)tted or top-dresBod. Use a compost of two parts good loam to one of well decayed llrm spent Mushroom-bed manure, and a shovelful or two of sand and bone-meal or half-Inch bones Ui each barrowful of soil Stir all well together, and keep in a dry open abed. Rambler Roses for tlowering In April and May should still be repotted, but It Is not well to give them too large a shift. Pot tlrmly, and stand out on a bed ot atthea, plungltig tho plants a little on the sunny side. Withhold water the Ilrst few days. All pot Roses would bo the better for repotting now than later ; they have a longer period wherein to lay hold of the new soil. RAMiti-KK RosKS IN PoTS are uow BO much In request, and one Is not surprised considering how elegant they are In appearance. Plants should be secured In early autumn, aa tho stocks often run low In the spring. Plants from the open ground potted oarly In October may bo had to bloom In March and April, hut this I shall allude to before the time of potting. Tka Rosks planted by greenhouse walls or floors are making splendid growths. They should be liberally watered until the end of September. After this water shtuild be withheld and every effort made to ripen the wood before tho coming winter. I'oT RosKw of the thin or buttonhole class that are Intended to flower In September should have all bloom- buds pinched olf until the middle of September. The buds found after that date will slowly develop, some opeidng in November ami others in December if the plants are placed in a greenhouse with the slightest warmth- just enough to keep them moving. Safrano, Papa Gontlcr, ijiioen Mab, 0. Nabonuand, Mme. Falcot, Coralllna, Ac, are splendid sorts for this purpose. P. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. ASPARAGUS CULTURE IN SUMMER WHKN the season for cutting ceivses many beds are neglected, but, in my opinion, that is the time the roots require extra food, moisture, aud support. At this time of the year, even in ordinary weather, the beds require food, and though moisture may be provided by rainfall, the plants are benefited by liberal supplies of a good fertiliser. As is well known, in many gardens large quantities of manure are placed on the beds in the late autumn at a season the roots are almost inactive. The roota are not always able to take the food supplied them, and without top growth it is useless to feed. I am aware it enriches the soil and renders it in better condition to support growth. On the other hand, it would do a great deal more good given as soon as cutting ceased, and in the case of old beds, large masses of manure destroy the roots instead of assisting them. If more food wore given from April to the end of September much Detter results would be obtained. In the case of worn-out or inip<.n-erished beds, no matter how much food is given, it cannot give new life if there is no root action, but in the case of healthy plants, food given during the growing season, when the crowns are being forme3, gives the help required and builds up better crowns. A heavy dressing of salt — say iu the late autumn (November) — does more harm than good. The plants certainly require a certain amount of salt, but not when at rest, as, given then, it acts the reverse of what is intended, souring the soil and keeping the roots at a lower temperature than the surrounding ground. I prefer giving salt from April to August, not later, aud even then it should be well washed down to the roots. Another point often lost sight of is the state of the soil. In heavy clay soils the use of salt requires more care and should not be applied earlier than May or later than August, and only in moderate ([uantities in showery weather. Many beds will have had little moisture since cutting ceased, and these are the beds which will feel the strain next season, especially in light soils resting on gravel. In many gardens the old system of raised beds is still in vogue, and in such seasons as we are passing through, with prolonged heat and drought, these beds are the tirst to suffer and the most dillioult to keep moist. Heds, or what should more properly be termed rows of plants on the 6at, are much better off in such seasons, and where room is no object, S feet between the plants will give splendid results. With plants grown thus, irrigation can be carried out. This is, I consider, the best means of promoting a free, strong growth, and no better use can be made of liquid manures than for these plants. Where liquid manure cannot be given, such fertilisers as fish manure, guano, and salt may be given liberally and well washed in Fish manure is one of the best fertilisers. The pro- portion in which this food may be used depends upon the state of the soil. I would advise using it twice a mouth, in preference to strong doses with long intervals between. It is a safe manure when ample moisture is given, (iuano is like- wise valuable, but though applied in the same way as tish manure, if of the best kind it need be used in smaller quantities. There are other foods, such as soot and other rich fertilisers, that can be used in case animal manures are not pro- curable. It may be urged that Asparagus is a deep-rooting plant, and not readily afVected by drought. It certainly roots freely if well sup- ported, but if neglected its roots soon decay. In the case of light soils, a mulch between the rows in such seasons as this is of great importance, especially with young plants. I have used strawy litter for this purpose, and it retains moisture. Young plants in a richly-made bed are not in need of liquid like older ones, but they require more frequent supplies of water. Muon may be done to support new growths at this season, as if twisted aoout by winds they cease to form the shoots or crowns tor next season, so that it is well to preserve growths till they change colour. Any protection most handy may be employed, such as stakes and twine, or bushes thrust into the soil. G. POTATOES. The recent great heat greatly helped to cause the soil to dry and tops of Potatoes to flag. But the trouble has been most evident on shallow- worked soils, however strong may have been the growths up to a certain time. Potatoes soon show the eU'ects of limited root area in the heat, while those on deep- worked soils by their vigorous freshness continue to pay tribute to the great value of deep working. A cheek in growth such as heat and shallow-worked soils commonly pro- duce not only materially affects the swelling of the tubers, but, worse still, it tends to super- tuberation when rain does come. Potatoes also suffer materially from too close planting in the heat, as then the moisture in the soil is too rapidly exhausted. It is doubtful whether the practice of moulding up the plants — although it seems to be an indispeuBable practice — does not greatly conduce to quick exhaustion of moisture. The moulding up necessarily exposes to the sun and wind a greater area of surface of soil than would be the case were there no ridging and the soil freely surface-hoed through the summer, so long, at least, as the tops would permit, to keep a August 19, 1905. THE GARDEN. 113 loose muloh of soil, ae that is found in all oaaea to be the beet check on evaporation. Once Pota- toes are moulded up, even if a heavy rain should smooth off and harden or close up the surface, after hoeing is not possible. While moulding up aeems to be regarded as an essential practice, there is yet ample reason why, with late varieties at least, earthing and non-earthing in their effects on crop production and presence or absence of disease in the tubers should be well tested. Potato growers must now look out for the presence of the black spot or disease in the tops at any moment. The dewy vapour generated after great heat by thunder or rainstorms is a grave factor in the promotion of fungoid spore growth in the stems and leaves, and spraying with Bordeaux mixture should be at once resorted to. A. D. TO ANSWERS CORRESPONDENTS. RULES FOR CORRESPONDENTS. Questions and Answers. — The Editor intends to make THB OARDBN helpful to all readers who desire ossistaTice, no matter what the braTwh 0/ gardening may be, and with that objeot will make a special feature of the '* Ajiswers to Correspondents" oolumn. All eom/munioa- tions should be clearly and concisely written on one side of the paper only, and addressed to the Editor of Thb Garden, so, TaoiMock Street, Covent Garden, W C. Letters on business should be sent to the Pdblishhr. The name and address of the sender are required in addition to a/ny designation he may desire to be used in the paper. When more than one query is sent, each should be on a separate piece of paper. Le£ra.l Points.— We are prepared to aiiswer questions of law which have anything to do with the subject oj gardening and forestry. The questions should be as clear and explicit as possible, so that there can be no doubt as to the point of the question. Answers will be fownd in a separate column headed "Legal Poiiits." Diseased Tomatoes (Rema). — Your Tomatoes, sample fruits of which are sent, show what is commonly known as black spot in a very bad form. This disease, which is a fungoid one, is all too common, especially with fruits rather low down, where the air of the house is naturally most damp and there is little circulation. The disease originates in the flowers, and although we have seen it attributed to imperfect fertilisation, we must hold to the belief that such suggestion is wide of the mark, and that it is due to excessive moisture and imperfect ventilation. Black spot is rarely seen on Tomatoes grown up close under the roof of a house where they get plenty of air. As a rule Tomato plants are too freely watered at the first. Really, as a dry climate plant, they should be watered sparingly until the border or pots have been filled with roots and the plants are in full bearing. You must gather and destroy every fruit that is diseased, keep the house dry, and admit all the air you can. Later fruits will no doubt be quite healthy. Scalded Grapes (J. E. B.). — The very unripe bunch of Black Hamburgh Grapes sent indicates a bad case of soald. This is what Mr. A. F. Barron, the great authority on Grapes, says on scalding in his book of the Vine : " It generally occurs when the berries are about half- grown. Sometimes but a few here and there are afTected, but frequently the entire side of the bunch is damaged (in your case the entire bunch is), and we have seen cases of nearly the entire crop being lost, the berries being completely destroyed, as if scalded or parboiled." That is exactly the condition of yours. He goes on to say: " This is caused through late or imperfect ventilation on some bright sunny morning whilst the berries are saturated with moisture." Your injured bunches being at the top of the house, where the early sun-heat is greatest, suffered most. Evidently you should have allowed much more of top ventilation to be on during the night to allow condensed moisture to escape, and thus keep the berries drier. That matter must still be attended to. SwKKT Pea Bdds Falling (O. 0. Hind).— Unless Sweet Peas are treated carefully, especially after the first flush of flowers is over, the bottom leaves are very liable to turn yellow, and the second crop of flower-buds to fall off. An over- dose of chemical manure, such as guano, will cause the leaves and buds to turn yellow. If the plants are allowed to suffer for want of water, or if the seed-pods are not removed as fast as they form, the same effect will follow. The best thing you can do is to make sure that the plants are not allowed to become dry at the roots (nor, of course, must the soil be saturated, or the same evil would result), and to cut off all seed-pods as soon as they form. If the seeds are allowed to develop and ripen a severe strain is put upon the plant's resources, and further flowering is effectu- ally put a stop to. Fasciated Dahlia (7''. W.). — There is nothing at all remarkable in your twin-flowered Dahlia. It is a mere case of fasciation, or two flowers blended into one. We have often met with this blending in Dahlias and in many other flowers. It would be difficult to define the causes which lead to this fasciation, but cultivated plants are necessarily more subject to diverse variations in growth than are natural or wild-grown plants. Very likely in the formation of the flower-stems there is some sappy matter existent which occa- sionally causes two stems in the process of development to adhere or grow together. We have seen ordinary round stems of some plants flatten out 1 inch or more broad in cases of fasciation. When Foxgloves produce on the points of the flower-spikes very large cup-shaped flowers rather than those of ordinary long forms, it shows that several flowers have coagulated or become fasciated. About a Tennis Court (S. M. W.). — A f un- sized tennis court should be of the following size : 7S feel long by 36 feet wide, with at least 9 feet extra at each end for freedom of play. No extra space is absolutely necessary at the sides, although a few feet would be an advantage. A single court should be 78 feet long and 27 feet wide. The quantity of turf necessary to cover this space can easily be ascertained by measuring on the spot. If turf of good quality is available, it should be laid down about the middle of Sep- tember, so that it may have a chance of striking roots into the soil and establishing itself before winter. A court laid down at this time and well looked after next spring and early summer in the way of mowing and rolling should be available for play next summer. If turf is not available, lawn seed could be sown at the time above stated, or at the end of March or beginning of April next year, at the rate of 4 bubhels to the acre. This would form splendid turf in liiLe, but would not be available for play next year. There should be at least 9 inches or 1 foot of well-cultivated soil for the turf to rest on, or the lawn would dry up and burn in hot weather. Should the soil be poor, a liberal addition of well-rotted manure should be dug in. The ground after digging should be made firm and perfectly level before the turf is laid or the seeds sown. As regards drainage, this must be effectively secured, or the lawn will prove a failure. You do not give the conformation of your ground, which you say rests on rock. Usually land resting on this basis is naturallyj well drained. If not in your case, grooves must' ■':•-*' f Mi ■■mm% ' ^ ^;» ^^,%^' ,|^^. "yr^ . IP ^ "s^ ':%l^^^> "•■" .■ A COLLBOTION OF BRITISH AND EXOTIC OUCHinS SHOWN BY JEaEMUK COLMAN, KSy. , OATTON PARK, KICIGATK (GAKDENER, MR. W. P. BOUND), AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S CHKLSKA SHOW IN JULY. THE BRITISH ORCHIDS WERE A CHARMING FEATURE OF THE GROUP. 114 THE GARDEN. [August 19, 19«j5. be formed on the surface of the rock to carry away water to the lowest aide. Pipes could not very well be laid in such a position, and these grooves would answer the purpose just as well, especially if filled with loose stones to prevent clogging by soil filling them up. As regards the best subject to plant to form a hedge, a good rule to go by is to plant whatever succeeds best in the neighbourhood you live, whether Quick (Thorn), Privet (golden or green). Yew, Holly, or Beech. For the hedge to be effective against rabbits a double row should be planted close together, angling the plants thus * * * » * not planting on« opposite the other. In order for the fence to have a permanent, dense, and thick bottom it should be cut down low the first year after planting, so that a good crop of young branches may issue from the stem quite close to the ground. Rabbit-proof wire-netting should be fixed round the lawn until the hedge has grown suBBciently high and dense enough to be rabbit-proof in itself. A PLAonE or Earwigs (/. E. ^.).— The placing of small pots on stakes used to support Dahlias and other plants supported in that way, and which are infested by earwigs, as traps to catch the insects is very good practice, so far as those particular plants are concerned, but has little value so far as a garden generally is con- cerned. Each pot should contain a small quantity of moss in which the earwigs may hide in the daytime. Generally the best ordinary traps are the placing of ordinary tiles here and there in pairs one on the other and lifting both and holding them over a tub of water into which the insects may fall. Pairs of slates kept apart the thickness of a pennypiece by thin strips of wood are similarly useful. Very good traps are also made by laving about freely hollow pieces of Broad Bean, Sunflower, Jerusalem Artichoke, Elder, or Bamboo stems some 10 inches long, and each morning collecting them or holding them endwise over a pail of water and forcing into it any insects that may have hidden in these traps ESCHSCHOLTZIA AND ViOLET (Mrs. C). — In each we should regard the failure as due to some fungoid attack, but in the somewhat shrivelled condition in which the examples reached us we were unable to decide. In the case of the first named the attack is usually near the soil, and the best preventive we know is a mixture of lime and sulphur in nearly equal parts, the lime pre- ponderating, dusting the mixture into the plant in the evening. There is no sign of red spider or its attacks on the Violet leaves sent, and the large, semi-transparent spots may be due to sun scorching or an attack of some fungus. For the present, mix a little common sulphur to a paste- like consistency, then add more water and stir well before syringing the plants, giving them a thorough wetting. If you have many plants affected, employ a large breakfast cup full of sulphur, and having made this into a thick paste, add water to the extent of 2j gallons or 3 gallons. Soft water is best, and soft soap, first dissolved in boiling water, may be added with advantage. Both groups may be syringed with the solution. Grapes Shanking (Grape). — You might possibly do good by removing some of the worst bunches now. This would certainly help the others to develop and allow them to ripen better. Give the vines manure water occasionally, it will help ihem to bear the heavy strain which a large crop places upon them. In the autumn you should turn your attention to the border, for the shankicg is undoubtedly due to bad root action. Remove a good deal of the old soil by forking it away from the roots into a trench dug some 6 feet or 7 feet from the stem. Carefully preserve all the fibrous roots you come across, and cut back any thick gross ones, or any that have gone down into the subsoil. You will pro- bably find some of the latter, for shanking often results from the roots having got into the subsoil. Replace the old soil with new, and lay the roots carefully in layers nearer the surface. Make the soil firm as the work proceeds. The soil should consist of turfy loam, with which some old mortar rubble and half-inch bones are mixed. It may be necessary to put fresh drainage in the bottom of the border. If the drainage is not efficient it is most important that it should be made so. Mignonette Dying (O. P.). — The Mignonette plants enclosed appear to be simply starved to death ; in fact, we never saw worse samples. They seem to have been grown in very poor light soil, whereas the Mignonette needs a soil of at least moderate consistency. There may be other local matters to account for your want of success, but the only verdict we can return is died of starvation. Were not the plants too far gone before they were watered ? Heating Small Greenhouse (W. R. H.). — For the heating of a small greenhouse we can thoroughly recommend the Loughborough Boiler, of which full particulars will be found in the advertising pages of The Garden. It is easily fixed, very economical of fuel, and does not require much attention. There are also many forms of hygienic heaters in which either oil or gas is employed to heat the water, and if care- fully attended to there is scarcely any smell. Several firms make a speciality of these, which to the amateur are very useful. They are made in many different sizes. These last do not necessitate any interference with the structure, and the trouble of stoking is also avoided. Scalded Tomatoes (IF. F. F.). — We attribute the peculiar colouring seen on your Tomato fruits, samples of which you send, to scalding through exposure to hot sunshine whilst the fruits were moist with condensed vapour. It is by no means improbable that watering, or in any case damping, the house has been done too liberally, with the result that, the house being close shut at night, a good deal of moisture was generated, and had not dried away before the hot rays of the sun were centred on the fruits and burnt or scalded them. It so commonly happens that Tomato houses are kept closed in the morning until the sun has greatly heated them, then air is freely given. To save the fruits from scald during hot weather ventilation should be given some two or three hours earlier. Having regard to the great heat which recently prevailed, it is no matter for surprise if fruits in other houses should have been burnt or scorched as your's have been. Begonias Diseased (Salopian). — YourBegonias are attacked by some small worms nearly allied to the common earthworms, but they belong to a different family, the Enchytraeidie. They have no English name. These little worms are about half an inch in length, and in form resemble miniature earthworms, but they are quite white. They may be killed by soaking the soil with lime water (water in which freshly-burnt lime has been dissolved until it will contain no more). I should burn any infested plants and the soil they were growing in, and be very careful that the pots are properly cleaned before they are used again. You should also take care that none of the infected soil gets on to the potting bench, or other plants may be contaminated. These worms are as far as I know by no means par- ticular as to what plants they attack. I never saw them in such numbers before as they were in [he roots and soil you sent. — G. S. S. Moving Plants from One Garden to Another in August (Journalist). — We should advise you to defer shifting any of your plants until the end of September or beginning of October. The sun has such power now that they would be burnt up before they could take root in the new soil, especially as they have been lifted from clay soil. This same remark applies to the Strawberries. With regard to the Carnations, we should be inclined to layer them at once, and if the work is well done they will form good roots without any further attention. This will be much better than lifting the plants later on, as old Carnation plants do not move well. We would not advise you to invest in any plants now with the view of affording a show during August and September. Whatever you bought would have to be in pots, and these, as a rule, are expensive. It sometimes happens that nursery- men have a stock of budding plants in pots left on their hands, and are glad to get a market for them at any price, and such may be the case near your new home. Such plants as Geraniums, Begonias, Marguerites (white andyellow), autumn blooming Chrysanthemums, Lobelias, and Helio- tropes, these and others if planted thickly would make a pleasing show at once, and continue to do so till late in the autumn. Most of the following plants, if sown at once on a warm border, would flower next spring or summer : Aquilegias, white Arabis, Aubrietias, Larkspurs, Candytuft, Carnations and Picotees, Clarkia, Sweet Alyssum, Antirrhinums, Auriculas, Campanulas in variety, Canterbury Belle, Digitalis (Foxglove), Gail- lardias. Hibiscus, Honesty, Mimulus, Pinks, Violas, Delphiniums, Fraxinella (Burning Bush), Pansies, Love-in-a-Mist, Musk, Iceland Poppies and others, Saponaria calabrica, Godetias, Daisies, Lupins, Forget-me-nots, and Linum peadula and compacta. Protecting Mariposa Tulips (Chid). — A description of the soil in which the Mariposa Tulips are growing would have helped us to answer your question as to whether they may be left in the ground and trusted to reappear next year. If the soil is gritty and well drained, they may remain undisturbed, giving them a covering of ashes 2 inches thick should frosts threaten when the ground is wet. If the soil is heavy and inclined to hold moisture, take the bulbs up in a few weeks time, stratify them in dry sand in a pot, and plant again in November. Now that the soil is dry you could easily keep it so by placing a hand-light, a few slates, or any con- venient covering that may be at hand over the site till they start to grow again. Generally, it is better to leave them than to lift them for storage, providing you can ensure them resting quietly. Potato for Name (Nutley). — We regret it is not possible to give an exact name to your Potato, sample of which is to hand. The tubers lack individuality, and resemble those, at their present stage of growth, of a score of other first or second early varieties. The local name by which it is known, Ferretters, gives no clue whatever to the real name. Roughly, as seen at present, the tubers resemble thoseof White Beauty of Hebron, Puritan, Ninety-fold, or Sir John Llewelyn as of others. You may, if you will, send tubers next winter to S. T. Wright, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Wisley, Surrey, where with other varieties they could be grown, and, no doubt, identified, especially if you state that you want the name, and that the variety is fairly early. In the growing stage varieties of Potatoes can often be more correctly determined by their tops than by their tubers. Selection of Roses (J. C). — We are glad to receive your appreciative note. You appear to have a good collection of Roses, and we cannot well improve on the proposed additions excepting in one or two cases. Dupuy Jamain is good, so also is Fisher Holmes, but we think you would find Duke of Wellington more serviceable. General Jacqueminot is grand, only you should procure its own roots, not budded. Reynolds Hole is very uncertain, and not worth growing. Charles Lefebvre is far more reliable. Mildred Grant is an exhibitor's Rose, magnificent in yearling plants, but rarely good for the second season. Pharisaer or Prince de Bulgarie or Mme. Ed. Metz would be much superior. Frau Karl Drusohki cannot be excelled, and the same may be said of Mrs. John Laing. Prince Camille de Rohan is rarely seen so good now as it used to be. We prefer Abel Carri^re or Jubilee, both these being splendid blackish Roses. Gustave Regis is most lovely, and Clio and Duke of August 19, 1905. THE GARDEN. 115 Edinburgh indie pens able, making fine large heads, but you must di-bud Clio rather heavily. For climbers W. A. Richardson is first rate, growing best on a west wall. L'Ideal is charming, but somewhat tender. We would suggest Dr. Rouges instead. Additional varieties to make a dozen bu-ihefl from your suburban garden would be: Alfred Colomb. Mrs. Sharman Crawford, Mme. H>ste, Louis Van Houtre, Mme. Lambard, and Mtne. Antonie Mari. Perhaps the moat serviceable golden Rose is Mme. Ravary. Its buds are a rich deep yellow, but the open flowers somewhat pale. We are still looking for a good hardy yellow. Josephine Bernacchi, Mme. Charles Monnier, and Le Progres are excellent, and worth growing as yellow Roses. The Value of Kohl Rabi (D. M, i?., Bournemouth). — The green leaves of Kohl Rabi Oin be cooked, but they do not compare with Turnips in a young state, being of a coarse and drier nature. We do not advise their use as a vegetable, as the others named are preferable. Names of Plants— 3fm Marshall.~\. Spirjea cano3- cens ; 2, Cratte^ua Pyracaniha (the Fire Thorn). A. C — Nephrofliiim Jepidum. better known as Lastrea lepidum. R. Ploirvr.—l, Veronica longifolia ; 2, Eupatorium asferatoides ; 3, Colutea arborescens. Veld. — 1, Nepeta MuBsini ; 2, Linum catbarticum ; 3, Mentha arvensis ; 4, Eupaturium cannabinutn ; 5, Naa'nrtinm palustre ; 6, Chenopodium atbura var. viride. fl ft ctf/aii.— Campanula lactiflora. W, A. W.—The shrub is Cornua sanguinea, and the Pink, Dianthus deltoides. Eippea.—CeutaMTe& macrocephala. A. D. — 1, Origanum hybridum ; 2, Santo- lina ChamaecypariaBua ; 3, Gaateria verrucnaa ; 4, Helxine Solierulii ; 5, Ruellla Portellse W. Rtddell.—Aa far as one can say without flowers, the specimen is Hjppricura hookerianum, also known as H. obloniiifulium. T. W, S — The yellow Rose we believe to be Francois Foucard, one of the hybrid wichuraiana ; and the white one we cannot identify. Could you send us a longer piece of the growth, and say whether It is a climber or dwaif? E. 6'.— The Old Clove Carnation. It is probably dying out, as there are so many tine border varieties now which do not burst, as the Old Clove does. We have, however, a lingering love for thi- fine Carnation. Tii&ie.— Thunbergia alata. A, J. I. C. — A single flower of a Clematis which is either white or whitish, for it is much faded. Without even a leaf or any description we cannot name it. Short Replies.— iJeatfer.— We should recommend you to get a small book, published by Macmillaa and Co., entitled "The Chemistry of the Garden." by H. H. Cousins. The price, we think, is Is. It contains a large amount of useful information on the composition and value of various manures and soils, and chapters on fungi- cides and insecticides. SOCIETIES. LEGAL POINTS. Trespass by Fowls —Referring to a reply which we published in The Garden on the 12Dh inst. , a correspondent writes to say that he has found a small pugnacious terrier a cheap and efficacious remedy. After two or three of the offendiog fowls had been killed, the owner was very careful to prevent the remainder from trespassing. We are much obliged for this able suggestion. It would be well for the sufferer to fix a placard on his fence with the inscription : "Notice to fowl owners. Beware. There is a dog in this garden who is very fond of fowls. By order." Inspection of Title Deeds, Transfer, and Mortgage {B. W., Surssex). — A mortgagor is entitled to inspect the title deeds in the mortgagee's possession and to make copies and extracts therefrom, but he must pay the mortga gee's costs. A mortgagee must, if required, upon payment of the amount secured, transfer the mortgage to any person nominated by the mortgagor. In the absence of a special stipula- tion a mortgagee is entitled to six months' interest in lieu of notice, but in most cases mortgagees will accept the difference between the amount of bank interest at the current rate and the amount of the interest payable under the mortgage for the six months. Property may be bought and sold subject to a mortgage, but where a person purchases property subject to a mort- gage, he makes himself, in the absence of a stipulation to the contrary, liable to indemnify the mortgagor against the payment of the amount secured. MIDLAND carnation AND PICOTEE SOCIETY, BIRMINGHAM. The fifteenth annual exhibition of this society was held at the Edgaston Bjtanicil Gardens on Wednesday and Thursday, the 2ud and 3rd inst. This was one of the finest exhibitions of Carnations ever held, it being unanimously acknowledged that the blooms were some of the best that had ever been staged. The competition, especially in the twelves, was exceeding keen, the judges having the greatest difiicalty in separating the first two stands. One of the features of the show was the large support extended to the undressed bloom classes, the dtfieience in these being very marked over the flowers staged a few years ago. One of the leading features of the exhibition was a new light red edged while ground Picotee, Miss Evelyn Cart- wright, which was unanimously declared to be the finest bl<>om in the exhibition, and without doubt the best white ground Picotee ever raised ; it was awarded first and second in its class and premier bloom, also first-class certificate. Cassandra, a purple self, was also awarded a first-class cer- tificate. Both of these varieties were raised by Mr, R. C. Cartwright of King's Norton. In the class fur twelve selfs Mr. W. H. Parton was first with excellent blooms, Mr. R. C. Cartwright was second (only losing in point of colouring), and Mr. C. F. Thurstan third. Six selfs : First, Mr. A. W. Jones ; second, Mr. G. F. Spittle ; third, the Rev. C. A. Gottwaltz. Twelve yellow g'ound Picotees : First, Mr. A. W. Jones; second, Mr. W. H. Parton ; third, Mr. R. C. Cartwright. It was generally acknowledged that on these three stands were some of the finest yelluw ground Picotees that have ever been exhibited. Six yellow ground Picotees : First, Mr. F. W. Goodfellow ; second, Messrs. Pemberton and Son ; third, the Rev. C. A. Gottwaltz. Twelve fancies : First, Mr. R. C. Cartwright, with magni- ficent blooms ; second, Mr. W. H. Parton, with flowers only slightly inferior ; third, Mr. 0. F. Thurstan, losing in brilliancy of colour. Six fancies : First, Mr. G. F. Spittle, with clean bright blooms ; second, Messrs. W. Pemberton ; third, Mr. F. W. G jodfellow. Twelve white ground Picotees ; This class again brought forth very keen competition, the first three stands being almost equal in point of merit. First, Mr. W. H. Parton ; second, Mr. R C. Cartwright ; third, Mr C. F. Thurstan. Six white ground Picotees : First, Mr. F. W. Goodfellow ; second, the Rev. C. A. GottwaUz ; third, Mr. C, J. White. Twelve hizarres and flakes. Here again competition was exceedingly keen. First, Mr. W. H. Parton, with beautiful blooms, especially Master Fred and Gordon Lewis ; second, Mr. R. C Cartwright, losing to the winner by deficiency of bizarrea ; third, Mr. C. H. Herhert. Six bizarres or fiakes : First, Mr. E. C. Eossiter ; second, Mr. C. Chatwln. The principal winners in the single bloom classes were Messrs. W. H. Parton, R. C. Cartwright, A. R. Brown, and the Rt)V. C. A. Gottwaltz. The flowers shown without cards made a magnificent display. For twelve selfs Mr. R. C. Cartwright was first, Mr. W. H. Parton second, and Mr. C. F. Thurstan third. Six selfs ; First, the Rev. C. A. Gottwaltz ; second, Mr. A. W. Jones ; third, Mr. H. Skeels. Twelve fancies : First, Mr, R. C. Cartwright ; second, Mr. A. W. Jones ; third, Mr. W. H. Parton. Six fancies : First, Mr. C. Chatwin ; second* Mr. W. H. Twist; third, the Rev. C. A. Gittwaltz. Twelve distinct varieties of selfs, yellows, or fancies, shown in threes. This class was one of the finest in the (exhibition, and after a considerable amount of trouble the judges decided to award equal firsts to Messrs. R. C. Cart- wright and W. H. Parton ; third, Mr. C. H. Herbert. In the class for three flowers of one colour, shown in vaaes, the principal winners were Messrs. R. C. Cartwright, W. H. Parton, and W. H. Twist. The amateur classes for those not growing more than 300 plants, and not employing a gardener regularly, were a distinct improvement on previous years, the principal prize winners being Messrs. J. D. Williams, E. J. Price, J. Farmer, and J. W. Mitchell. The premier prizes were awarded as follows : Bizarre, Master Fred ; flake, Gordon Lewis ; heavy edged white ground Picotee, Mrs. Openshaw ; self, W. H. Parton (these flowers were all exhibited by Mr. W. H. Parton) ; light edged white ground Picotee, Miss Evelyn C irtwright ; fancy, Mr. Ivo Sebright (both exhibited by Mr. R. C. Cart- wright) ; heavy edged yellow ground Picotee, Peri (shown by Mr. A. W. Jones); light edged yellow ground Picotee, Mrs. Walter Heriot (shown by Mr. C. F. Thurstan). The medals awarded by the Birmingham Botanical and Horticultural Society were awarded to Messrs. W. H. Parton, R. C. Cartwright, and the Rev. C. A. Gottwaltz. In the class for bouquets of Carnations Meaers. Felton and Sons, Hanover Square, London, gained the first prize with a beautiful arrangement of two shades of soft blush, as Enchantress and Fair Maid. Three other examples were shown, to which second, third, and fourth prizes were awarded. Sprays of Carnations were numerous, and Mrs. W. H. Parton succeeded in gaining first prize for prettily-arranged flowers of yellow Carnation. In the class for three buttonholes of Carnation flowers Mr. W. L. Deedman succeeded in securing first prize. Sweet Peas. These were hardly so numerous as in former years, but were very distinct, bright, and the colours well chosen, no striped varieties being seen anywhere, all selfs or shaded flowers of the purest shades. Prizes offered by Mr. Robert Sydenham. Floral arrangements of Sweet Peas in the Sydenham Rustic Table Stands : First, Mr. Jones, Ruabon, fine flowers, clear, soft colours, and well arranged. Twelve distinct vatieties of Sweet Peas, in bunches not less than forty or more than fifty stems in each, in separate vases, with any foliage, Grasses, &c. : First, Mr. Jones, Ruabon, with a beautifully arranged lot in clear, bright colours and fine flowers; second, Mr. A. G. Holford, OtQuy Hay, Eccleshalt, with good flowers and good colours ; third, Mr. E. Deakins, Hay Mills, Birmingham. Mr. Sydenham showed an excellent collection (not for competition). Honorary Exhibits. The exhibition hall and corridor lend themselves admirably to varied collections of plants and cut flowers, and the society recognises the efforts of good exhibitors by awarding medals according to merit. Messrs. Hewitt and Ci>.,The Nurseries, Solihull, occupied the front of the orchestra with a magnificent exhibit of choice hardy flowers ititerspersed with good bunches of the new American varieties of Tree Carnations. &c., including their new Chrysanthemum maximum Queen Alexandra, a beautifully arranged group of bright material. Silver-gilt medal. Messrs. Gunn and Sons of Olton put up a splendid group of hardy cut flowers, including miiiy grand bunches of the finer varieties of Phloxes, of which they make a speciality. Deservedly awarded a silver-gilt medal. Messrs. Bakers' of Wulverhampton, in their usual enter- prising way, had an equally fine arrangement of R >aes in bunches, also specimen blooms in boxes, with a further arrangement of border Carnations in many varieties, the whole forming an interesting and very attractive well- arranged exhibit. Silver-gilt medal. Mr. Amos Perry, Winchmore Hill, London, showed many varieties of new Nymphiow, prettily arranged with foli- age, in shallow pans, backed up with various kinds of Lilies, forming a very interesting exhibit, with some new Montbretias. Silver medal. Messrs. B. R. Davis and Sons of Yeovil showed a very interesting collection of cut blooms of double Begonias, effectively displayed in small vases, arranged with cut sprays of variegated foliage, many grand flowers of the beat types being represented. Silver medal. Mr. A. F. Dutton of Iver, Bucks, put up a fine lot of Tree Carnations, very effectively displayed in tall vases, some of the best being E'lchantress, Fair Maid, Harry Crane, Mrs. T. W. Lawson, Lilian Pond, &c. Silver medal. Mr. W. Sydenham of Tamworth had a very nice exhibit of cut herbaceous flowers and Violas, the latter being one of his specialities, and contained many lovely varieties. Silver medal. Mr. Vincent Slade, Staplegrove Nurseries, Taunton, had a large and very effective exhibit. The double and single cut zonal and Ivy-leaved Geraniums in many fine varieties were much admired. Silver medal. Messrs. White of Worcester showed an interesting collec- tion of hardy and other flowers, but, being shown on two sides of a sloping stand, could not be made as effective as they might otherwise have been. Silver medal. Mr. S. Mortimer of Farnham, Surrey, showed a large collection of Cactus Dahlias and a few show varieties. These proved very interesting and were much admired, many good varieties being represented. Silver medal. Messrs. Blck Brothers of Oiton had a large and inter- esting collection of Sedums, Saxifrages, and other rock plants in pans, of which they make a specialitv, supported and backed up by various cut specimens of showy herba- ceous flowers. They were awarded a large silver medal. Vutes of thanks were given to Messrs. Jones and Sons, Shrewsbury, for an exhibit of Sweet Peas and Carnations ; Mr. Robert Sydenham, fur a collection of Sweet Peas ; and to Mr. Owen, Birmingham, for postal boxes suitable for sending Carnation layers by post — they were strong and convenient. An award of merit was given to Messrs. Felton and Sons, Hanover Square, London, for an effective arrangement of very choice hybrid Gladioli and double Gypsophila. It was an excellent show, well managed and splendidly arranged by the obliging curator, Mr. T. Humphreys. EAST ANGLIAN HORTICULTURAL CLUB. The monthly meeting was held on Wednesday, the 9th inst., at the Shirehall Hotel, Norwich. Mr. J. Powley presided, supported by Messrs. T. B. Field, G. Davison, H- Batchelor, R. Watson, J. E. Birnes, and many other prominent local horticulturists After having passed a unanimous resolution thanking Major Petre for allowing the club to have its outing at Westwiek House Girdens, and Mr. Walter Rye for his hospitality, the president read an essay, written by Mr. J. R. Mace, gardener, Thorpe, upon " How to Make and Keep a Lawn." The wiiter had well grasped the subject, and the practical points from start to finish were very noticeable. The subject brought out a good discussion. The exhibition tables presented quite a comprehensive display. Undoubtedly the most attractive were the new Montbretias staged by Mr. George Dtvison, Weatwick House Girdens, and which included blooms of bis new monster named Prometheus, which recently gained such prominence at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society. The floral committee of the Etst Anglian Club were unanimous in giving it a flrst-class certiflcate and an award of merit ro one of its parents named Ernest Davison. Besides these Mr. Davison brought other rare treasures from his hardy borders. Mr. C. H. Fux, gardener to Sir B. B. Mansel, Bart., Old Catton, described the way to grow Streptocarpus hybrids well, his spikes having up to 116 THE GARDEN. TAUGUST 19, 1905, tenfloweraon them. Hobbies, Limited, Dereham, made a display of new Cactus Dahlias and some blooms of Dean Hole, a new Rose. Mr. J. F. Belts, Park Lane, Norwich, an amateur Carnation enthusiast, offered good prizes for the best eighteen blooms of border Carnations. Here Mr. 0. Matthews, (tardener to L. Willett, Esq., Thorpe Hamlet, was first. Hobbies, Limited, Dereham, offered prizes for the best three Cauliflowers Green's Earliest of All, a capital variety even in a dry season. For these Mr. F. Carrington, a local amateur vegetable prize-crower, took first. Messrs. Benton and Stone, Limited, Birmingham, had kindly presented one of their noted syringes for the best brace of Cucumbers. Out of seven entries Mr. W. Laws, Eaton, secured it. In the monthly classes some good exhibits were to be seen, and special mention should be made of the Peaches from Mr. F. Williams, gardener to Louis J. Tillett, Esq., M.P., Old Catton, and the strong competitions for French Beans. READING GARDENERS' ASSOCIATION. Visit to Blenheim. Ddrincj the past month two very pleasant meetings have been held. The first was an evening gathering, when about 100 members, by the kind permission of Mr. and Mrs. Friedlander, paid a visit to the gardens and grounds of Whiteknights Park. Mr. Bright, the head gardener, has been a warm supporter of the association from its commencement, and is known as a grower of exceptional abihty ; therefore it was no matter for surprioe that so many members were present on this occasion. The houses were first inspected, the Peaches and Nectarines claiming most attention. The trees were grown in small boxes, and were carrying splendid crops of fruit of large size and of good colour, testifying to excellent culture. Such varieties as Lord Napier, Dymond, Stirling Castle, and Bellegarde were especially fine. The kitchen garden con- tained good crops of vegetables. A feature of the terrace gardens was four beds of Sweet Williams. These old- fashioned flowers were making a charming display, and were an object-lesson to many in inassing for effect. In one house some splendid fruits of Melon Royal Jubilee were noted. The secretary conveyed to Mr. and Mrs. Friedlander, who met the party iu the grounds, the thanks of the members present for their kindness in throwing open the gardens for inspection. Both Mr. and Mrs. Friedlander expressed themselves as being delighted to see the members present, and offered their well-wishes for the success of the association. The second was the annual outing, which proved to be one of the most successful of the many held by the associa- tion. The weather was exceedingly fine, the number of members taking part in the outing was a record, and the party was accompanied by the president, Mr. Leonard Sutton. The members assembled at the Great Western Railway's Reading Station at 10.30 from Maidenhead, Henley, Mortimer, Caveraham, Sulhampstead, Calcot, Wokingham, Bear Wood, Shiplake, Bucklebury, Maple- durham, Whitchurch, Beenham, Burghfleld, Windsor, Burnham, Bill Hill, Newbury, Bradfleld, Sonning, Twy- ford, Evtrsley, Sindlesham, Purley, Sandhurst, Woodley, Wellington College. Hawthorn Hill, Warfleld, Shinfield, Wallingford, Wokefleld, Culham, Shillingford, &c. Three saloons were attached to the 10.35 train to convey the party to Blenheim, His Grace the Duke of Marlborough having kindly given permission for the Palace Gardens to be thrown open for inspection. Immediately on arrival the party, 116 in all, by the kind invitation of the presi- dent, sat down to luncheon at the Marlborough Arms Hotel. Afterwards the p-irty, under the guidance of Mr. Garrett (His Grace's head gardener), proceeded to the Palace, where special facilities had been granted for the members to look through the State apartments. Needless to say, the wonderful tapestry and pictures, considered to be the finest of their kind in the country, attracted much attention. The gardens and ornamental grounds were next visited. The Italian Garden certainly attracted the most attention. This was looking exceedingly gay. The walk by the lake through the American Garden and through the shady glades leading to the kitchen garden and glass houses was much enj 'yed. The crops of vege- tables and ffuit were in excellent condition, while the Carnations were the feature of the flowers under glass. The party arrived back at eight o'clock, one and all having spent a most enjoyable day, thanks to the hospi- tality of the president and the arrangements made by Mr. Garrett. NEWBURY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ThB fifty-seventh annual exhibition of the above society was held on the 7th inst. in the grounds of Goldwell Park, an ideal place for a flower show. In spite of the changeable weather on Bank Holiday, the show was well patronised. Newbury and its Mayor and Corporation are proud of their horticultural society, the Mayor being president each year, and few shows are more Interesting. Here may be seen excellent flowers, fruit, and vegetables, and hardy flowers are a special feature. The open classes were gnod, but there were none too many large specimens, and this is by no means uncommon. Here, however, there are recent additions which make up, the class for conservatory arrangement being very good. The premier award in this class was taken by the veteran and excellent gardener, Mr. Charles Ross, Welford Park Gardens, who had a splendid lot of plants admirably arranged. Mr. J. Howard, Bonham Park, was a close second. The best stove and greenhouse plants in blooms were shown by Mr. C. Surman, gardener to Mr. M. H. Best, Donnington Grove, Mr. Rosa being second with smaller plants. In the class for the best foliage plants the awards were reversed, Mr. Ross being first and Mr. Howard second. Mr. J. Howard had the best ten exotic Ferns, Mr. F. Lock, gardener to Mr. G. T. Plevins, Tile Barn, being second. Some splendid specimen Fuchsias were exhibited, and Mr. T. Surman was an easy first, having grand specimens. Mr. J. Prew, gardener to Mr. A. Camp, was seoond. Mr. C, Ross had the best specimen foliage plant ; second, Mr. Howard. Mr. J. Johnson had the best specimen flowering plant with a fine Lilium speciosum in bloom, Mr. Surman being second with a grand plant of Campanula alba. Other foliage plants were good, Messrs. Surman and Johnson taking awards. Lady Sutton had beautiful cut Roses, being second to Messrs. G. Cooling and Son, Bath, they taking the premier award in the open cIms with excellent blooms when the season is considered. Messrs. Mead and R. Cox had the best Roses in the smaller class. Decorative plants were a feature here. Messrs. Howard, Lock, and Ross were the leading exhibitors in the order named. Cut flowers were numerous and well staged, the only fault in this class being that the herbaceous blooms are much too packed — quality is lost at the expense of quantity. Miss B. Frost was first for bridal bouquets, J. F. Merchant, Bath, second. There was a good array of Carnations, and Messrs. Filewood, Cox, and Tranter were most successful in the order named, and Mr. R. Tranter, Henley, had splendid show Dahlias. Table decorations were a feature, and above the average, though in some of the exhibits there was too much drapery. Mrs. Charles Stradling was first with a bright arrangement of Sweet Peas, pink and mauve ; Mrs. C. Attewell, second, wiOh Carnations ; and the Misses Frost and Willoughby equal third. A table of Orchids was so good that it was evidently discarded for a delicate arrangement of white Sweet Peas. Fruit was good, though less plentiful than we have seen previously. Mr. J. Howard had the best collection and the best Pine-apple. Mr. T. Surman had excellent Black Hamburgh Grapes, Messrs. Cox and Lees being second and third ; for Muscats Mr. J. Howard was first ; Messrs. Lock and Surman for other varieties. Mr. Lees had the best Melon; Messrs. Cox, Newman, and Rosa Peaches ; Messrs. Howard and Lees Nectarines. Hardy fruit is not plentiful evidently in the Newbury district. There is none too much this season. Messrs. Surman, F. Lock, and Cox had the best Gage Plums ; Mr. Howard good Apricots ; and Messrs. C. Ross, Surman, and D. Boaley the best dessert Apples. For a collection of vegetables, twelve varieties, Messrs. H. Keep, Aldermaston, and J. Howard and C. Surman were the winners, these being of great merit. There was a smaller competition than uaual for Mesars. Sutton'a prizes for vegetables. Mr. Lock of Tile Barn was first, having splendid roots, Mr. Howard being a close second. In the smaller claasea the same exhibitors received the awards. The cottagers classes were very fine, and occupied much space ; indeed, these were most numerous, and proved one of the features of the show. Amateurs were strongest in the plant and fiower classes. There were some pretty floral decorations from Messrs. Whittingham of Newbury and from Miss B. Frost. The Hannington Champion Shield, the leading trophy at this show, was keenly contested, and is awarded at the close of the show to the exhibitor who takes the most prizes. The committee deserve much praise for their aplendld arrangements and their great interest in this old and useful society. NORTH MENEAGE. A SHOW which can well claim to be among the beat held in the county is that organised by the North Meneage Horticultural Society. Started nine years ago, mainly through the efforts of Mr. P. D. Williams, the society has flourished exceedingly, and a keenness and love for horti- culture nothing short of marvellous have been stirred in the district. At the first of the society's shows the gentry of the neighbourhood participated in the competitions, but they have recently dropped out, the desire to encour- age the inhabitants generally to compete having been achieved. Much of the interest in horticulture in the district is traceable to commendable efforts on the part of the schoolmasters in the district to create a love for gardening in the school children. In one class alone nearly forty children participated. The idea Is encouraged by Mr. Williams, who supplies schoolboys with seeds, and they have a class all to themselves. This year's exhibition was held at Lanarth, the residence of Mr. Williams, and the entries constituted a record, numberlHg close on 1,000, which la really remarkable when the area covered by the society is conaldered. It was a compliment to the society to secure as judges two of the leading seedsmen in the country, Mr. Sydenham of Birmingham and Mr. Toogood of Southampton, who were joined by Mr. A. King of Trevarno. They were highly pleased with the quality of the flowers and vegetables brought under their notice. The vegetables were a very fine lot Indeed, while some eood plants were shown. Among the cut flowers Sweet Peas were very prominent. In the opinion of Mr. Syden- ham many of the exhibits were as good as anything he had seen at large shows up the country. It would certainly add to the attractiveness of the exhibition if the promi- nent residents of the neighbourhood could see their way to exhibit groups of plants and the like not for competi- tion. Mr. Sydenham exhibited some beautiful Carnations, which were much admired. The arrangements for the show were of a most complete nature, and reflected the greatest credit on the chairman nf the committee. Dr. Leverton Spry, and the hon. secretaries, Messrs. R. M. Clayton and W. H. Bonfleld. The local secretaries were Mr. W. J. Tripp, St. Keverne ; Dr. Daunt, Coverack ; Mr. T. Crawford, Manaccan and St. Anthony ; Mr. W. T. Cooke, St. Mawgan ; and the Rev. A. L. T. Mugford, St. Martin. The society is in a very flourishing condition, and a slight falling off in attendance last year on account of the bad weather was more than compensated for this year, when a very large number of people were present. The Illogan band, conducted by the Rev. H. Oxland, played on the lawn during the afternoon and evening. The prize list was composed of two sections, namely, A, open to all but those employing a professional gar- dener or obtaining their livelihood by gardening, and B, of all who, not being professional gardeners, whose house and garden did not exceed £5.— Western Daily Mercury. PRESCOT. This successful society held its annual show on the 7th inst. in Knowsley Park, by the kind permission of the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby. K.G. The entries, although not a record, numbered 663, but, what la of greater Importance, a distinct improvement was noticeable in the plant section, which stamps it as the finest summer exhi- bition in the district of Liverpool. The schedule com- prises 102 classes, only a few of which can be noted, these being selected for their excellence. For a collection of plants staged for effect, a circle 11 feet in diameter. Mr. John McGeorge, gardener to Thomas Henshaw, Esq., won with an artistic arrangement, in which highly-coloured Crotons and Caladiums showed to great advantage. Mr. H. McFall, gardener to Mrs. Harding, was a good second. For six stove or greenhouse plants, not less than three in flower, Mr. J. McGeorge had good plants of Cleroden- dron, Stephanotia, Atlamanda, &c. For three Orchids Mr. D. Little, gardener to G. H. Pitklngton, Esq., was first with fair plants. For four stove and greenhouae Ferna Mr. J. McFall was first with fresh plants. Mr. H. Guy, gardener to Dr. Gaakell ; Mr. T. Dagnall, gardener to C. F. Boston, Esq. ; Mr. W. Orrett, gardener to H. Gamble, Esq. ; Mr. E. Bridge, gardener to Mrs. Jowltt; Mr. John Rose; and Mr. P. Greene, gardener to Colonel Gee, were the chief prizewinners in other classas. Mr. J. McGeorge had the best Sweet Peas. For four dishes of fruit Mr. W. Oldham, gardener to J. Beecham, Esq., scored with Madresfleld Court Grape, Sutton's Beat of All Melon, Pineapple Nectarine, and Barrington Peach. Mr. R. Forbes, gardener to Mrs. Baxtor ; Mr. W. Oldham, Mr. Dagnall, Mr. J. Rose, and Mr. Thomas Eaton, gardener to Mrs. Parrington, were the other leading prize-takers. For eight varieties of vegetables Mr. H. McFall staged a fine lot, including Early Autumn Cauliflower, Duke of York Potatoes, Alderman Peas, Ailsa Craig Onions, Sutton's Perfection Tomatoes, &c. For twenty-five pods of Peas Mr. McFall was first. The arrangements, as usual, were carried out smoothly by Mr. W. Case (secretary) and his committee, the show being patronised by a large crowd. KIRKMICHAEL, DUMFRIES. This society held its annual show on the 5th Inst, in the beautiful grounds of Foxwood, kindly granted for the day by Mrs. Lyon. The show was equal to those of most former years, although the dry season had militated against the competition in aeveral classes. In the open classes the com- petition was generally good, although in a few some addi- tional competitors might have found it worth their white to compete. The principal prize taker in these classes was Mr. W. Maxwell, Foxwood, who had the greatest number of first prizes in the classes for vegetables, fruit, and plants in pots. Mr. I. Templeton, Conningsknowe, came next with almost the same number of first prizes, these being principally In the cut fiower classes. The cottagers' classes were also well contested, and some excellent produce was shown. BRECHIN. The annual two days' show of this society was held on the 4th and 5th inai., and waa opened by the Countess of Dalhousie, who performed her pleasing duty in a graceful manner. The entries were very satisfactory in number, there being nearly 800, and it was universally agreed that the quality of these was much better than in any previous year. In every department this was noticeable, and such exhibits as those of cut flowers, wreatha, bouqueta, and decorations were the object cf much admiration. The weather waa unfavourable, which aomewhat told upon the attendance later in the day of the opening The prize list cannot be detailed, and a brief list of the leading winners would be Invidious where there were so many prize takers. NORTH OF FIFE. This society held its annual show at Mountquhanie on the 6th inst., the opening ceremony being performed by Sheriff Gillespie, who in the course of his remarks referred to the distinguished gardeners who had made their mark at their shows, some of whom now filled high positions. The show, although hardly so fine as that of last year, was a very creditable one, and the beauty of the exhibition was heightened by a splendid centre table containing a number of non-competitive exhibits from several of the leading private gardens in the North of Fife. Among the leading winners were : Cut flowers, Mr. S. W. Johnston, Mr. D. N. Dingwall, and Mr. G. J. Leslie ; pot plants, Mr. Johnston, Dr. Campbell, and Mr. Dingwall ; vegetables, Mr. Johnston, Mr. Dingwall, and Mr. G. Todd ; fruit, Mr. D. Hay and Mr. W. Rollo. August 19, 1905.] THE GARDEN. GliORT OF LEYDEN, 30/- 100;; 4/6 doz.;15d. each. DAFFODILS A Great Speciality. TVTE grow almost every Daffodil worthy of cultivation, and holding large stocks, can offer them at the lowest prices. For quality see what the Rev. Engleheart, the greatest hybridizer and raiser of new Narcissi, says : — " I enclose cheque for the bulbs safely to hand. I consider them a remarkably fine sample ; indeed, as good as could be grown." NOTE THE FOLLOWINC PRICES, A FULL LIST READY NOW. Emperor, largest forcing size, 70/- per 1,000, 8/- per 100, 1/2 dozen. „ first size, 55/- per 1,000, 6/- per 100, i/- dozen. Kmpress, largest forcing size, 70/- per i,ooo, 7/6 per 100, 1/3 dozen. Horsfieldii, largest forcing size, 50/- per 1,000, 6/- per 100, i/- dozen. Barrl Conspicuus, extra selected, 25/- per 1,000, 3/- 100, 6d. dozen. Beauty, 12/- 100, 1/9 dozen. Sir Watkin, extra size, 50/- 1,000, 5/6 100, lod. dozen. CHOICEiR VARIETIES. J. B. M. Camm, 40/- 100, 5/- dozen, 6d. each. Duchess of Westminster, 25/- per 100, 3/6 dozen. Madame de GraafF, 20/- dozen, 1/9 each. Gloria Mundi, 2/9 each. King Alfred, £1 3s. each. Weardale Perfection, 25/- each. Duke of Bedford, 25/- each. liUlmrorth, 15/- dozen, 1/6 each. J. R. PEARSON & SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Lowdham, NOTTS. <.V^ V- Vy direct from the MAKERsr" • ^P 9' riADnPN DURABILITY .jSitfaMteL FLEXIBILITY ^J ^\ ^^ P GARDEN HOSE INDIARUBBER ^ ,, DOES NOT KINK SPHINCTER GRIP" HERCULES BRAND MILLS AND HEAD OFFICES - '^'^OUR^^' REGISTERED TRADEMARK '^'^I^MOVi^^ PENDLETON, MANCHESTER SPECIAL OFFER OF DUTCH BULBS AND IMPORTED JAPANESE LILIES AT LOWEST PRICES. Ut QUALITY ONLY IN STOCK. Hyacinths, fine varieties of Colour Tulips, useful for Pots or Bedding Dtaf'OJils, in all varieties Narcissus, Incomparabilis Poeticus Vsirs. Lily of Valley, extra strong crowns Very flae Japanese Lilies s. d. from 2 6perdoz. M 30,, 100 .. SO,, „ n 26,, ,, .. 6 o „ „ M 60 ,, doz. Especially selected retarded bulbs of all kinds for forcing. Prices on application. Apply to H. F. ROBSON, A.R.H.S., BULB SPECIALIST. "Alexandra Nursery," KINGSTON HILL, SURREY. Catalogues on Application, by return. All to gather. All together. Flower and Vegetable Seeds for present sowing. Anarrhinum— choice mixed ... From 50 to 1500 seeds a penny. Campanula pyramidalis ... ,, 10 to 700 Gaillardia hybrids ,, 2510 100 Hollyhock in separate colours ,, 12 to 60 Stock Brompton ,, Wallflower, Double 50 30 Cabbage of sorts Lettuce— Cos and Cabbage Onion — Tripoli Varieties Radish — Kose China, etc. Spinach — Prickly or Winter, Turnip From 200 to 900 „ ,, 200 to 500 ,, ,, 200 to 400 ,, II 350 to 1000 ,, M 500 ,, ,, 500 to 1700 ,, Orders of 2/6 and upwards Post Free. Send for our Seed and Plant Catalogues. The Co-operative Bees, Ltd., 3, Wapping Buildings, Cornhill, Liverpool WATER LILIES. AQUATICS LOWEST PRICES. Plants for Wild Gardens, Woodland Walks, Bogs, etc. CARRIAGE PAID. CAUNTLETT'S BAMBOO NURSERIES, REDRUTH. VI. THE GARDEN. [August 19, 1905. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Though visitora were very few at the last meeting of the Rnyai HuriiculturalSuciely, there were several fine groups. The Buddleia variabiii3 var. raagniftcafrom Messrs. Veicch and Sona, Limited, was well worth seeing alone. It ia a beautiful introduction. There were splendid Gladioli from Messrs. Kelway and Son, Orchids from Msj »r Holford, and interesting groups of hardy flowers, altogether a most interesting exhibition. Floral Committee. Present: Mr. W. Marshall (chairman), Messrs. C. T. Druery, H. B. May, George Nicholson, J. Green, William Cuthbertaon, Charles Dix-m, Charles Jefferies, Charles E Pearson, J. T. Bennett P. e, W. P. Thomson, E. H. Jenkins, W. J, James, James Walker, H. J. Cuthbert, J. Jennings, R. C. Notcuti, William Howe, Charles Blick, and B. T. Conk. Mescrs. Kelway and Sons, Langport, staged a very fine lot of Gladioli, in which the excellence of their cultivation was well portrayed. It ia not too much to 8hocks, &c. Mr. H. Eckford, Wem. Sweet Peas, the varieties Scarlet Gem and King EJward VII. being prominent. Messrs.- Clibrans, Altrlncham, had their fine type of Celosia, Phlox, Cuniferfe, well-fruited Apples, Pears, &c. Messrs. W. and A. Edgell, Radstock, amateurs' span- roofed greenhouses. Messrs. Castle, Westminster, Teak wood garden furniture. Messrs. John White, Bedford, Inmans and Co.,Stretford, H. and J. C.-esar, Knutsford, and J. J. Moss, Stretford, summer-houses and garden seats. Messrs. Skinner, Board and Co., Bristol, their wire tension greenhouse, with the maximum of light and a minimum cost fur up-keep, frames, &c. Messrs. A. Mason and Sons, Birmingham, span-roofed greenhouses. Mr. W. H. Shilton, West Derby, lean-to and span-roofed greenhouse frames, &c. Messrs. R. Halliday, Manchester, a well-proportioned span-roof house, frames, &c. Messrs. E. C. Walton and Co., Newark, amateurs' span- roof greenhouses. Erratum.— There is a mistake in The Garden of last week, page 100, in the description of the new plants shown before the Royal Horticultural Society on the 1st inst. Tritoma Prometheus should read Monlbretia Prometheus —the eighth paragraph. A Bequest to Horticulture.— We mentioned uunie time ago that in the will of the late Mr. John Innes, "the Squire of Merton," a large sum was to be devoted to founding a horti- cultural school, both practical and 8cienli6c. The will has been proved valid. We shall refer to this matter next week. Mp. Richard Dean.— We are very sorry to hear of the very aeriou'^ illness of Mr. Richard Dean, V.M.H., but we hope for better news. Mr. Marshall, the chairman, communicated this news to the members of the floral committee on Tuesday last. Obituary. — Ex-Provost Moncur. Mr. Alexander Hay Moncur, ex -Provost of Dundee, who died on the 5th inst., at the age of 75 years, was one of those who, although not professional horticulturists, are of the greatest service in the promotion of gardening. At the head of a very large and successful manufacturing business, and engaged in much municipal and benevolent work, ex-Provost Moncur was himself a keen horticulturist, who gave up much of his time to forwarding the work of the Dundee Horticultural Society, and whose services to the society as its president largely aided in raising it to its present successful position. At the open- ing of the Clepiogton (Dundpe) Flower Show the day of his death, Councillor Melville, who opened the show, made a feeling reference to Mr. Moncur and to the loss Dundee had sustained by his death.— S. A. OARDENING APPOINTMENT. Mr. George Nelson, for the past six years gardener to the late R. E. LI. Richards, E-tq., Caerynwch, Dolgelly, Nurih Wales, as gardener to Viscount Newport, Castle Bromwich Hall, near Birmingham. *♦* The Yearly Siihscription to The Garden is : Inland 68. Od. ; Foreign, 8s. 9d. GARDEN. -j^—\ No. 1762.— Vol. LXVIII. August 26, 1905. THE FRUIT CROPS. IT does not seem long since we were writing of the prospects of the fruit season, when everything looked so fair and hopeful ; but time has sped swiftly by, the summer is waning, and the harvest of the orchard and the garden will soon be over. Spealcing as a whole we can only describe the fruit crops this year as spasmodic. There is no famine like there was in 190.3, neither is there a general abundance similar to that of 1904, but in some places we have observed crops heavy enough to please anyone, while in others there is a great scarcity. As with localities so with individual trees. Here is an Apple tree heavily laden, there is another without a fruit ; the same with Pears, the same with Plums ; everywhere one may observe a patchiness, for which no doubt climatic con- ditions are mainly responsible. Early prospects were as good as they well could be. Plums, Pears, and Cherries were sheets of blossom, but an ill-wind from the east set in, and it was pitiable to see petals shrivelled up and flowers destroyed. Here we have one explanation of the cause of patchy crops, for blooms that were sheltered from the stinging blasts set into fruit, while those which were exposed had no possible chance of doing so. Indeed, it is an open question whether fruit growers are not more at the mercy of the wind than frost during the flowering time, and when trees are planted in quantity the importance of pro- viding wind-breaks of some kind should never be overlooked. It was on May 22 and 23, however, that the hopes of many a fruit grower were dashed. Could it be otherwise, with the thermometer registering 10° of frost at so late a period ? The day after the fatal frost we walked through an extensive Plum plantation, and observed with regret, the fruits as large as Peas, hopelessly blackened and ruined. We walked through the same plantation again quite recently and noticed more fully the efiects of the frost. On the lower part of the plantation we could not see a fruit but on higher ground, where the trees are above the spring frost line, the trees were well laden. A lesson is taught by this, namely, to avoid as far as possible planting fruit in low-lying situations, where the effects of spring frosts are the most keenly felt. Could not fruit growers do more to ensure themselves against the risk of spring frosts % Possibly. We know of one instance in which smudge fires, similar to those used in Florida, were prepared and lighted on the two nights in May referred to above. The frost was successfully warded off and the fruit was saved, while that on the adjoining trees was destroyed. The cost of the experiment was only small, and we are convinced that it is well worth trying in other places where fruit is grown in large areas. It is not only the growers but also the people who have to buy fruit that realise the ill-eft'ects of a sharp May frost. It was pitiable to see the first blooms on the Strawberries blackened and ruined, and though there was abundance of fruit from later flowers, there was a want of sweetness and flavour about the berries. In appearance they were dull and dirty-looking instead of being bright and inviting. Garden Strawberries were not so marked in this way, but we do not remember seeing so many uninviting-looking berries in the market. " Blight" has played sad havoc this season, particularly amongst the Apples, and this word in fruit-growing parlance has a very comprehensive meaning. It is commonly used to describe the many pests which affect fruit trees, but is chiefly applied to the aphis family. When the Apples were in blossom and during the time that the fruit was setting a sticky honeydew was noticed in the trusses, and insects which in many cases were taken to be aphis. In reality they were Psylla Mali, the Apple sucker, and never of late years has this pest done so much damage. Heavy rains would have helped to clear the pest away, but none fell about that time, and thousands of embryo fruits were destroyed. Some growers promptly applied an insecti- cide and saved their Apples, but others looked at it in that philosophical way which is characteristic of Britons, and hoped for heavy rains to do the work for them. When the trees were masses of sticky honeydew and the tiny fruits fell off wholesale they realised that Nature had failed them, and that it was too late to lend human aid. But there are Apples on some trees and in some places, which may be explained by the double fact that certain sites and trees were sheltered from frost and wind, and that all varieties do not flower at the same time, with the result that some suffered and others escaped. Gooseberries and Currants were well covered with leaves when the deadly May frost came, and the fruit was protected and saved. Gooseberries in particular were so plentiful in the markets that there was a slump in prices, and in some cases they barely showed a margin of profit. Black Currants, on the other hand, were scarce and expensive, and for this the dreaded bud-mite is more responsible than the climate. Every year this pest appears to play greater havoc, and with no effactive remedy forthcoming it is probable that in a few years Black Currant growing will cease to be a part of the fruit industry. In the place of Black Currants many people have planted Gooseberries, and this increase, together with the abundance of fruit, is doubtless the cause of the glut. Raspberries have done well in most gar- dens, and good crops were obtained, but a fruit that is doubtless coming to the front is the Loganberry. It is strong and vigorous, crops heavily, and its Raspberry-Blackberry- like fruits are not only suitable for tarts, but they make delicious jam, and are well adapted for bottling. On account of its Blackberry-like nature the Loganberry does not need too liberal treatment, but it could be planted in many places where Raspberries do not succeed well, and there can be no two opinions about its usefulness. THE MERTON BEQUEST. If wisely laid out there should be no question but that the bequest left by the late Mr. Innes ought to prove of the utmost import- ance to the profession of gardening. It amounts, we understand, after certain necessary deductions have been made to meet expenses connected with various legacies and annunities, to about £200,000, which would yield, after the capital expen- diture, a moderate revenue for carrying on a school devoted to the teaching of horti- culture. It is to be hoped that the trustees will take a high view of their responsibilities. There would not, in our opinion, be any great benefit to the country in the organisation of a merely ordinary school where gardening would be taught on a more or less eleemosynary principle ; but, on the other hand, a splendid opportunity is given lor adding dignity to the profession. There is no lack in the country of ordinary working gardeners — men who, 118 THE GARDEN. [August 26, 1905. when told what they have to do, are capable of carrying it through in a satisfactory manner ; but the number of those who are fitted to lay out a garden that would compare not unfavourably with those of the past is necessarily very small. Indeed, nothing could more markedly illustrate the difficulty in find- ing and training men of taste than the scarcity there is, even of architects, who can be trusted to devise a garden on sound principles, and adapted to the soil and situation of its site. It is our misfortune to come across examples of the crude, and, we may say, ignorant designs of men who profess to understand their calling, but who have not, as a matter of fact, mastered the elementary principles of it. Something, of course, there may be in the air, for it is very curious that taste in gardening seems to vary much with the ages. At some periods of history it appears to have been developed to an extra- ordinary degree among men who had nothing like the resources at the disposal of moderns, and at other times it seems to have faded away and given place to artificial and glaring ideas. In the Tudor period, for instance, gardening must have been very thoroughly understood by many of those who professed it, while in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries fashions came into vogue tint led to the spoiling of many a fine old house and castle by the so-called restoration of gardens. It would be invidious to parti- cularise in this connexion, but we have no doubt that those of your readers who are familiar with the subject will think of several instances where walls that are veritable memorials of antiquity have had their effect spoiled by the addition of ill-thought-out gardening designs. We remember one espe- cially, which belongs to a family than which few are older or of more influence in Great Britain. The castle is known by name wherever the English language is spoken, but the garden beside it is of no beauty or worth, owing to the simple fact that it was re- arranged about the middle of last century. A school of horticulture might be the means of preventing these disastrous errors from occurring. It ought to be made a means of elevating the calling into a profession or an art, and of turning out men— and perhaps women, too— capable of adding to those fine old gardens that are a national treasure and inheritance. Those who have influence in the matter will do well to make it felt at the beginning, for it scarcely needs saying that the foundation is everythicg. If the trustees take an intelligent view of their responsi- bilities they will create an institution that is very much in advance of anything of the kind now in existence, and it will anticipate in an intelligent manner the demand of the future Unless they do this the chances are a very ordinary school will be formed on the model of those that already exist for other departments of industry. We would regard this as a pity, not because we in any via.y undervalue or deprecate the practical teaching of a trade, but because the opportunity seems to be a most exceptional one for enhancing the dignity of the profession and of doing something towards that gradual improvement in our ideas of gardening, the growth of which has been going on for at least two or three decades. The main thing, then, is to take the subject up in time and endeavour by every legitimate means to induce the trustees to construct their orgmisation on an original and advanced plan. P. A. G. PRIZES OPEN TO ALL. AUGUST. ESSAY ON BULB PLANTING. A First Prize of FOUR GUINEAS, A Second Prize of TWO GUINEAS, A Third Prize of ONE GUINEA, And a Fourth Prize of HA.LF-A-GUINEA are offered for the best Essay upon " Beau- tiful Ways of Plnntinq Hardy Spring- ffowering Bulbs." The essay must not exceed 1,000 words, and should mention the best kinds for massing in the flower garden, the border, in the wild garden, (fee , in spring, and the most beautiful ways of using them. The essays must reach the offices of The Garden, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, on or before the 31st inst. Envelopes must be marked "Compe- tition." The essays must be written on one side of the paper only. Competitors not conforming to these rules will be disqualified. The Editor cannot undertake to return the MSS. of unsuccessful contributors. Plan of a Flower Boeder. A FIRST prize of Five Guineas and a second prize of Two Guineas are offered for the best plan of a border of hardy perennials, 130 feet long by 10 feet vidde, drawn to a scale of a quarter of an inch to a foot ; bold grouping and good arrangement for . colour and succession to be the main considerations. Half-hardy and hardy annuals and biennials may be included. The names of the plants to be written in their spaces on the plan— not referred to by letter or number. This competition remains open until the last day in September. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. August 22. — Rothesay and Oxford Flower Shows. August 24. — Aberdeen Flower Show (three Hays) ; Wargrave and Knowl Hill Cottagers' Horticultural Show. August 26 —Jedburgh Horticultural Show. August 29. — Royal Horticultural Society's Meeting. August 31. — EUesmere and Sandy Horticul- tural Shows. September 26. — National Rose Society's Autumn Rose Show, Horticultural Hall, West- minster (two days). Royal Hoptieultupal Society.— At the gwueral meeting of the above sjcieiv held on the 15th inst., Mr. George Bunyard, V.M.H., in Ihe chair, the Countess of Lovelace, the Lady Mary Biresford, the Lady St. Helier, and Mr. H. Allhusen, M.P., were among the new Fellows elected. A paper by Professor H. J. Webber, of the United States Dapartment of Agriculture, was read on the " Progress of Horticulture in the United Slates," in which he treated of refrigera- tion, new varieties, hybridisation, methods of culture, and diseases and their remedies. The next exhibition and meeting of this society will be held on Tuesday next, when a lecture will be delivered by Mr. R. Lewis Castle on " Trees for Towns." Flowers In the Queen's Park, KilbUPn.— A "Lover ot Flowers" writes: " There is a lovely display of flowers in the Queen's Park, Kilburn, at the present time. I hope you will make this known through your valuable paper." The Royal Botanic Society.— At the meeting of the B ilanic Society recenily Mr. J. S. Rubinstein, for the twentieth time, asked the society to increase its attractions and reform its charter. With a finger on the balance-sheet, he showed a growing deficit. Last year the loss was £1,237, the year before £950. On the debtor side of the sheet are debentures £28,600. interest accrued £1,572, temporary loans £800, and sundry creditors £2,531. Against this total the society can show only £400 in cash and buildings and plants " subject to dt-preciation." Last year it received £2.885 in subscriptions, £1,000 from a club recently started, £500 from exhibitions, and £1,000 from garden parties — roughly £5,500 to meet an expenditure of £6,800. "Advertise, advertise," said Mr. Rubinstein. "Let the public know that the garden exists." To which Mr. Brinsley Marlay, the vice-president, replied: "This is a private garden for the benefit of the Fellows. We want to keep it as a place of leisure, refinement, and rest. This is not a public society, nor was it ever intended to be. Why should the Fellows give up their private rights to the public?" The meeting closed, as usual, without any fresh action being decided upon. HOLLYHOCKS. Straight seatiDels enclose it round, My garden space, since there are found Hollyhocks, goodly ranks and tall That overtop its old cob wall ; And, as they boldly climb so high, Over the neighbours' gardens pry ! Blush pink and ivory, deepest red, Their colours flaunt above my head, And tenderest primrose, like the sky In April when sunset is nigh. Engirt with colour, serried hosts To guard it well, my garden boasts. — AwmLE. Phlox BerangeP.— Noteworthy among border Pnloxes because of its refined colouring, delicious scent, dwarf sturdy growth, and many other good features, Phlox Beranger appears to be a plant one can recommend as likely to please everyone who will grow it well. Its height ranges from 2 feet to 3 feet, and about a dozen good trusses can well be expected from two year old plants. These are literally domes of blossom : every flower appears to be as perfect as one could wish, the petals rounded and overlapping, opening quite flat, and they measure over an inch in diameter. The colour is that pretty shade of soft rose seen in Darwin Tulip Clara Butt, and the white centre, flamed with tiny jets of vermilion, which radiate from the tube so as to appear star-like, adds greatly to the beauty of the flower. The free use of good Phlox in border planting is much to be recommended, for at this season they prove a great mainstay when there is so little in fluwer that can give pretty shades, and that in goodly sheaves of blossom that admit of free cutting for the vases indoors. — G. B. M. Carnation Cecilia in Scotland. This 18 the first season X have tried this beautiful yellow self on a border out of doors, and the results are most gratifying. The plants have thrown up strong spikes, carrying on the average eight to ten healthy buds, and they are opening perfectly, despite the showery weather and the ofttimes murky atmosphere of this the black country of Scotland. I have grown it for the past two seasons in 5-inch pots from layers, and disbudded down to one bloom. These have been quite equal in size to an ordinary Malmaison, and very seldom splitting its calyx although so large. It finds favour with everyone who sees it, and I feel certain it is one of those good things come to stay. The growth, too, is strong and healthy without being coarse, and appears very free from disease. — P. S. Follwbll, Coatbridge, AtJGUST 26, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 119 Lilium giganteum.— Lady Trevor of Brynkinalt, Chirk, kindly eeads a photograph of Lilium giganteum. The bulbs were raised in pots and planted out in May, 1902. This is the first year that they have bloomed, other years they only threw up strong leaves. They onlj' get the sun on the east side, but are protected from wind by a tall Yew tree. This year they grew nearly 1 1 feet high. AVillow Gentian (Gentiana aSClepiadea). — This beautiful hardy plant is now flowering profusely in the Wisley Gardens, its flower-spikes appearing in all directions. That it blooms so freely in the autumn gives double value to the plant. The stems reach to about 2 feet in height, have long, pointed leaves, which give to the plant much the aspect of a Campanula. The flowers are produced in pairs from the axils of the leaves, and on one side of the stem. These flowers exactly resemble those of the blue Gentian in form and size, and are almost as blue. The plant seeds freely, and it is a matter for surprise that it is not found in every garden. It looks particularly pleasing when its spikes are seen cropping up here and there amidst low-growing Ferns or other hardy foliage plants. It should make a capital companion plant to autumn-flowering Pentslemons. — A. D, Tomatoes at Wisley.— A conspicuous feature in several of the new glass houses at Wisley is a great trial of Tomatoes. No better one has been seen under the auspices of the Royal Horticultural Society for some years. The most interesting trial is that of pairs of plants put out on to a narrow soil border, the stems being trained up under the glass. There are in a couple of long span houses some 100 varieties, including, apparently, all the best in commerce. A small number of the fruit committee inspected these Tomatoes recently, and awarded three marks to seven varieties, such as seemed to be amongst so many that were good as exceptionally so. Samples of these were to be presented at the next meeting of the full committee at Vincent Square for further awards. In other houses great numbers of plants are grown erect, and amongst these Conference showed some wonderful crops. It is so evident now that so many varieties are really first-rate that it is most difficult to find any new one that shows any material advance. Perfection seema to have been practically reached. — A. D. Montbpetia aurantiaea.— The Mont- bretias, a garden race of hybrid Tritonias, are improving. Mr. George Davison of Westwiok Gardens, Norwich, has given us two good varieties in George Davison and Prometheus, and several Continental raisers are running him very close with new things of merit. Aurantiaea is one of these latter hybrids that is destined to become popular. It is midway between George Davison and Chrysis, an older variety that never became common owing to its being a little tender, and aurantiaea seems much hardier than this. It has broad, healthy leafage, large corms, and the flower-spikes are much branched, bearing rich golden yellow flowers 2 inches across, widely bell-shaped, and slightly drooping. The spikes are a trifle crowded with flowers, and lack the freedom of Mr. Davison's varieties, but will still be valued as cut material for vases and serve to brighten the borders in August. The colouring is soft, rich, and very uniform, no trace of orange or red being apparent. — G. B. M. The Golden Astep (Chpysopsis Villosa RuttePl).— This little composite, known in America as Golden Aster, should prove of value both as a rock and border plant. It is midway between Helichrysum and Inula ensifolia in flower, resembling the latter plant so much that one can suggest for it a similar use. The plant does not exceed a foot in height, forming a close tuft of silvery glaucous colour, studded with glistening golden yellow flowers as large as the Inula mentioned, but the petals are more pointed so as to appear star-like. It can be well grown in any poor soil, hence will thrive on dry rockery slopes and in borders where less sturdy plants will dry out. It is a pretty and distinct plant with refined flowers, in no wise weedy as are so many composites. It is not a new plant, but very rare. Flower Show at Sopley Park, ChpiStChUPCh. — Acting in the capacity as judge at this pretty Avon Valley village flower show the other day, I could not help being im- pressed with the great encouragement given to all the villagers and myself by the addition of various classes set forth in the schedule, quite distinct from the usual run of country exhibitions, this being partly, if not wholly, due to its enter- prising secretary, Mr. Mason, the local school- master. In addition to the many classes for horticultural exhibits for the men, prizes were offered to their wives and daughters for the best cooked vegetables, poultry, and home - made bread, also needlework in various forms ; while for the boys and girls of the village every encouragement is given them by offering money prizes for the best handwriting, freehand and geometrical drawing, wood-carving, &c. It is needless to say that all the various prizes were strongly competed for, much to the pleasure and satisfaction of Mr, and Mrs. Kemp Welsh, who very kindly throw open their park for the occasion each year. — George Burrows, Avon Castle, Ringwood. THE LAVENDER GARDEN. Sweet and sweeter every day Grow the bushes low and grey ; By the Briar hedge at dusk. With the sceut of dew-wet Muak, Is there in the round world set Aught more fragrant ? Mignonette At the borders' edge completes This full draught of evening sweets. All the little winds that blow, Scented from this garden go ; Breaths of perfume far they bear From the old herb corner fair, "Where but plants of quaker hue- Wormwood, Rosemary, and Rue, Cat-mint, Hyssop, old-world herbs — That no careless hand disturbs, Flourish, such a modest spot Is this gracious quiet plot I Edith C. M. Dart. The Potato CPOp.— On the South Coast at least there are already indications that the Potato will not escape a touch of disease, but we trust this will not prove severe. Until quite recently the leaf was quite clean and looked healthy, with every promise for a good crop of tubers, but now we find the brown spot sur- rounded with white mould, which is the first indication the grower has of what may prove disastrous results. A continuation of dry weather is to be hoped for, as undoubtedly this checks the spread of the fungus, or rather it does not make the same rapid headway as during dull, wet days. Close attention will be necessary to finish lifting all early varieties. The ground is hot and dry, and a good rain will turn it into a moist hot-bed, when a second growth is a natural result. We do not favour leaving the tubers exposed to the sun, neither should we recommend their being placed in heaps at once, as though they appear quite dry, they naturally sweat when in a bulk. This should be avoided where it is intended to store them for home use. The tubers harvest best when spread in thin layers for a few days in a cool, dry place before placing them in heaps or in deep bins. The same remarks to an extent may apply to those required for seed. These may be allowed to become green from exposure, but when left on the ground too long they are subjected to changes of weather, sun and rain, which we do not consider advisable. A careful selection of sets now, properly harvested in dry, cool sheds, will prove an advantage to the planter next spring, as there will be no anxiety as to the quality and value of the stock he has to depend on. Those who are thinking of making a change in their seed might do worse than make a good selection at once, as probably a better sample could be obtained now than when a great run is made upon them next March. — Richard Parker. Solanum jasminoides.— This pretty, free-flowering species of Solanum is greatly valued as a hardy climber in the milder parts of these islands, while it is equally appreciated as a greenhouse plant in colder localities. Of late years it has considerably increased in favour for the flower garden during the summer months, for which purpose its continuous flowering quali- ties stand it in good stead. In some of the London parks it may be seen treated in this way, either as large specimens sunk in the turf or smaller ones 4 feet to 6 feet in height, used as dot plants in beds of miscellaneous subjects, which are now so popular. Not only is it very beauti- ful when laden with its clusters of white flowers, but it is especially interesting as furnishing an example of the wide difference that exists among the various members of the Solanum family, for this is a slender twiner, and some of the others are popular for bedding by reason of their large and handsome leaves, while first and foremost in the genus stands the indispensable Potato. Though Solanums occur over a greater part of the world, by far the larger number are natives of the Western Hemisphere, and it is from the southern portion that we have obtained Solanum jasminoides, as well as the species from whence the cultivated Potatoes have sprung. — T. The Sypian Lapkspup (Delphi- nium SUlphUPeum).— One of the choicest and most effective border plants in flower at the time of writing is the Syrian Larkspur, an elegant plant as high as the tallest man, and very distinct from other Larkspurs in habit, leafage, and colour of the flowers. The roots are tuberous, like those of the common Dock, the leaves divided into many linear lobes like those of Pellea, and these are ornamental before the flower-spikes appear. The inflorescence is in the form of a candelabra, so freely does the main stem branch, and the pretty sulphur yellow flowers are thickly studded along each bit of stem. It is a showy border plant, a little difficult to manage in cold, winter-wet districts, but very easy to grow in any light soil. Old clumps, consisting of several flowering crowns, yield a wealth of flowers, and although these do not reach the size of the florist's Delphiniums, they are none the less effective in the mass. The plant never appears to perfect seeds so far as I have observed, but doubtless does so in warmer countries than our own. It was originally introduced as D. Zalil, and the name still prevails in many Continental gardens. The Garden published a coloured plate of it some years ago. — G. B. M. Floweps in Ravenseoupt Papls, HammePSmlth. — In this, one of the best kept of the smaller parks under the control of the London County Council, the able superinten- dent, Mr. W. B. Gingell, has some dainty bedding arrangements this season. To particu- larise a few briefly : Not far from the public library in the grounds is an effective and very neat-looking scroll-work design composed of Fairy Queen Begonia, a variety which is found to come absolutely true from seed, and is very free blooming during the summer and autumn months. As a bedding plant it is very telling, other subjects used being Fuchsia gracilis varie- gata (attractive with its scarlet and violet flowers) and blue Lobelias, the whole edged by Echeveria. The scarcity of carpet bedding now makes one admire a good and well-kept design the more — such we have in the place under notice. Here is its composition : Alternanthera versi- color, A. paronychioides aurea, A. p. aurea nana. 120 THE GARDEN. [August 26, 1905. A. magnifica, Antennaria Candida, Herniaria glabra, with "dot" plants of Echeveria metallioa and Aloe frutescens, with edgings of Echeveria farinosa and E. secunda glauoa. Other good beds are Canna Alphonse Bouvier, a fine crimson flower, with a charmingly effective groundwork of Veronica Andersoni variegata. Well -coloured Aoalypha musaica associate well with the grace- ful Eulalia gracUlima variegata. Begonia Argus, with Koniga maritima and the well-known Fern- like Grevillea robusta, is an effective combina- tion, and the same remarks apply to Fuchsia gracilis variegata in a groundwork of the old but still good Iresine Herbstii, Fuchsia Scarcity in a ground of F. Cloth of Gold (very bright) and Ageratums, Fuchsia Ballet Girl in a groundwork of Viola J. B. Riding, Begonia Lady Stanhope, and Viola rosea pallida, well named, and a capital bedder. The rock gardens contain many things in flower of this deservedly popular class of plants, and among a good selection of trees and shrubs that fine New Zealand shrub Olearia Haastii was very conspicuous crowded with its masses of white, honey-scented flowers. — Qdo. Larg^e Peaches. — I have recently read in a gardening journal the statement of a corre- spondent that one of his Peaches weighed 17oz. , and he enquires if a heavier one has been known. In Vol. XVIII., page 278, a correspondent mentions a Late Admirable which weighed Whiz. I have just weighed one of Rivers' Nectarine Peaches, which turned the scale at 18az. They often weigh more than a pound. — George May. The trials of the National Potato Society. — Potato trials of considerable interest are baing conducted in various parts of the country, and may be inspected by members and others interested. The following are the coun- ties, and intending visitors are advised to com- municate with the gentlemen supervising the trials, whose names and ztddresses are appended. Berkshire.— Professor Percival and Mr. C. Foster, University College, Reading. Surrey. — Mr. A. Dean, 62, Richmond Road, Kingston-on-Thames. Warwickshire. — Mr. H. Dunkin, Coventry Road, Warwick. Somersetshire. — Mr. J. Ettle, Stan- ley Grove Road, Weston-super-Mare. Oxford- shire.—Mr. S. Heaton, Hill View Road, Oxford. Northumberland. — Professor Gilchrist, College of Science, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Shropshire. — Mr. 6. T. Malthouse, Harper Adams College, New- port, Salop. Cheshire.— Mr. W. Neild, The College, Holmes Chapel. Yorkshire. ^ — Mr. T. Redington, Agricultural College, Leeds. Staf- fordshire.— Mr. J. C. Rushton, County Educa- tion Offices, Stafford. Worcestershire. — Mr. J. Udale, Ombersley Road, Droitwioh. Valuable trials are also being conducted at Burgoyne's Farm, Impington, near Cambridge (Histon Sta- tion). The farm superintendent is Mr. H. Henshaw. Messrs. Poad and Sons (York) and William Deal (Kelvedon, Essex) are conducting trials of planting at different distances apart. The g:old medal Goosebepples at WestminateP. — One rarely sees such a splendid lot of these fruits and in such great variety as those staged at thegeneral meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society at Westminster on the 1st inst. There were over 100 varieties in baskets, and a large number of trained or cordon trees. I have noted this very fine exhibit as the gold medal collection owing to their having received this award, which is a record for one kind of hardy fruit, but thoroughly well deserved, owing to their splendid quality and the great number of varieties. What made the exhibit more interesting was the young trees which formed a background, and this was worth special notice, as here amateurs and growers who like these fruits could see how well this mode of training suited the Gooseberry — its simplicity, useful- ness, the small space occupied, and the heavy crop secured. The fruits were grown at Messrs. Veitch's Laogley Nurseries, Slough, and of course under the best conditions as regards culture, but the Gooseberry is not fastidious. It does well near large towns if the trees are kept free from birds. I am aware the caterpillar is also troublesome, but this may be checked at the start and later on should it reappear. The plant gives a heavy return, and these trees well repay a permanent protector ; the cost is soon repaid by the crop secured. Trees grown and trained fan-shaped or single and double cordons give little trouble. The fruits are readily gathered, and by free exposure are of splendid quality. — G. Wythks. Vepbenas at Shipley.— In the garden of the Rev. W. Wilks, which constitutes the home of the famous Shirley Poppy, there were noticeable, recently, ome of the bluest Verbenas DUNDEE RAMBLER ROSE ON OLD APPLE TREE IN THE MANOR GARDEN, MILTON BRYAN. raised from seed several visitors had yet seen. Generally, while shades varied slightly, deep rich blue tints predominated. It is remarkable that such true colours should thus be obtainable (rom seed-raised plants. In the days when Verbenas were largely propagated by means of cuttings and used for bedding, such blues as were seen at Shirley would have been widely and eagerly grown. Behind the Verbenas, and charm- ingly blending with them, were many plants, also from seed, of Petunia Lady Courtenay. The plants are of moderate growth, flowers single, of medium size, rounded, and of a rich rosy carmiae colour, with white throat. This variety is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful Petunias in cultivation for bedding or window boxes, and is a great advance on the old Countess of Elles- mere. It comes very true from seed — a matter of much importance. — A. D. IV.— THE GARDENS OF WARLEY PLACE. (Continued from jyage 106.) CI, tufted plants form many-coloured carpets of great beauty, and are planted in well-considered variety. Various Dajihne, Arahis, Eryn- gium, Anemone, Geranium, Cam- panula, Viola, Himalayan Primula, Polemonium, Cypripediurti, Dodecatheon, the Mecoiwpsis of the Himalayas and Thibet, Orchids, various Erodium, Gentians of the purpurea group, and the larger Saxifrages forming tufts that stand out, boldly outlined in the landscape, here represent the vegetation of mountain regions. The rock plants proper are shown bjr the Saxifrages of the Euaizoonia and Kabschia groups, the alpine Primulas, chiefly by the Auricula group. There are besides, Campanula elatinoides, elatines, Raineri, Zoyzii, excisa, Moretiwna, Tiiuralis, {largaiiica, rupestris, saxatiles, mirabilis ; Eanuncuhix aljiextz-is, //Holms, Seguieri, glacialix, Pthora, lliora, rutaefolius ; the kinds of Thlaspi ; Viola cenisia, calcarata, bijlora ; the dwarf Veronicas ; Aubrietias, Sedums, and Sempervivums ; Conandra ramondioides, Dianthtis acaulis, nec/lectus, alpimis, alpestris, glacialis, gel idus,calli zonus, Freynii : Achillea Herba-rota, Clavence, moschata, atrata. Huteri, transylvanica ; Androsace glacialis, Helvetica, pubescens, Chumbyi, carnea, Laggeri, pyrenaica, ciliata, cylindrica : Aspemla nitida, athoa ; Artemisia pedemontana, glacialis, spicata, Vallesiana ; Potentilla nitida. Geranium sessiliftorum, a whole collection of Acantholimon ; Draba aizoides, aurea, borealis, pyrenaica, lactea, Sauteri, tonientosa ; Senecio carniolicus, leucophyllus, unijlorus ; Lithospermxim petraeutn, olaefolium, Gastoni, rosmarini- folium, graminifoliurn, prostratum, inter- medium : Silene acaulis, correvoniana : Valeriana celtica and others ; Linnaea borealis. All these and many more transport one to Alpine heights and the highest mountain slopes. By water edges, and in cool, shady places, rare and beautiful Ferns grow in abundance, and moisture - loving plants such as the Trilliums, the American C.vpripediuniP, Saxi- fraga Tellimoides, huettiana and peltata, the marsh Orchids ; Houstonia, Ehe.na virginica, Gentiana Bigeloivi, alba, bavarica, Pneu- monanthe, asclepiada^a, Saponaria, macro- phi/lla, Andretvsi and septemjida, Belonias bullata, Astilbe Davidi, and others; Primula Sikkimensis, capitata, luteola and others ; Podophyllum, Dalibarda, Ourisia coccinia, a collection of Pinguicula, Podgersia, &c. From the waters of the smaller pond rise the flowers of Ranuncuhis aquatilis, of ViUarsia, and of all the small, pretty plants that are not so suitable for the larger piece of water. Among the plants rarely seen in the open garden that are hardy in the excellent climate of Warley are Damnocanthus iiidicvs. Daphne indica, Genkwa, and collina ; Colletia horrida and Bictonensis, Convolvulus cneorum, Stans and mauritanicus ; Erica lusitanica, Desfontainea spinosa, Phylesia bu.i'ifolia, Umbellularia californica, Erinacea pinigens, Kubus australis,a,\iA Eugenia Ugni. Then in the nursery some of the most difficult plants are grown, with all the care required by their exacting nature. Among these I noted Androsace imbricata, Pacheri, August 26, 1905,] THE GAEDEN. 121 Wulfeniana, Achillea nana, and kelleriana : Artemisia iimtellaria, Baunigartneri, and Villarsii; Viola cenisia and alpina, Erodium chri/santhum, absinthioides. Erysimum Kotschijanum, ^_7Mr/>M9'eit»!., thyrsoideum and pumilum : Thlasin rotundifolium and carnosmn; Alyssum pyrenaictmi, Campanula petra^a, alpina and cenisia; Eritrichium naniim, Lithospermum canescens, Linaria alpina and petnea, Onosma Helvetica, stellu- latum, Bourgaei and sericeum, &c. The plants are named in accordance with the " Index Kewensis," and the labelling is extremely methodical, thus greatly facilitating study and comparison. The cultural details are excellent ; indeed, nothing but praise can be offered to the author of, and the fellow workers in, that superb and comprehensive work that we know as the Gardens of Warley. H. Coeeevon. THE EDITOR'S TABLE. A New Tagetes. Mr. GumbletoD very kindly sends from Bel- grove, Qaeenstown, flowers of a new German dwarf-growing Tagetes named paviflora, or the Tawny, which comes quite true from seed. It is a very striking flower, of a deep crimson-brown, with a golden margin to the florets. An effective and charming flower for its rich and beautiful colouring. Mentzelia obnata. Mr. Gumbleton also sends flowers of this inter- esting plant. Its creamy white flowers have a certain charm, but, as our correspondent truly says, "it is disappointing, as it does not come up to its portrait in the Botanical Magazine in 1812, when the plate was prepared from dried specimens." DiMORPHOTHECA AURANTIACA. A bright, sunny flower is this from Mr. Gum- bleton— an intense orange colour, and dark brown centre. Its colouring is wonderfully pure. This is the Calendula tragus of the Botanical Regis- ter, 1, 28. It is an annual flower to make note of. Seedling Gasnations and Picotebs. Miss M. Owen sends from Ty Coch, near Car- narvon, North Wales, very charming seedlings of many shades of colour, and among them some good selfs, the yellow and crimson being very deep and distinct. Caknation Glowworm. Mr. Goodwin, The E nn, Kidderminster, writes: "I send you a gathering of Carnation Glowworm, a magnificent scarlet self, which received au award of merit from the Rnyal Horti- cultural Society last season. Mr. C H. Herbert sent me a single plant in the spring of 1903, and I have grown it ever bince. A bed cootaiuiog forty-eight plants, all raised from this one, is now a grand sight, as there are dozens of flowers. Glowworm is a most vigorous grower, rather late, extremely floriferous, and is a non-burster. These self Carnations are quite indispensable in the garden, and, although on such light soil as this they require deep, well-made beds, they are well worth all the trouble. Thrips have been our greatest enemy, but we have kept them in check by means of spraying with a weak solution of 'Abol.' I want a good yellow self suitable for the border, and should like to hear from anyone who would be willing to make an exchange with me." [The Carnation is all that Mr. Goodwin says of it. The flowers are of wonderful colour — a pure scarlet, without a suspicion of any foreign shade ; they do not burst, and must have a fine effect in the garden. — Ed.] Carnations from Messrs. Laing and Mather. Messrs. Laing and Mather send from their nursery at Kelso, N.B., a very interesting selec- tion of seedling Carnations and Picotees. We are pleased to notice the following as the finest of those sent : Athole S. Hay. — A distinct variety, with flakes of scarlet on a pinky white ground. Lady Nina Balfour. — A beautiful variety, the colour a lovely blush self, and the flowers are large, with broad florets of strong fragrance. The flowers are produced on strong stems, and for this reason it may be strongly recommended for cutting. It is one of the most meritorious of recent acquisitions to the list of self Carnations, and we strongly recommend it. Sir Richard Waldie-GriflBth. — We remember this being exhibited at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on August 13, 1901, when it received an award of merit, and we are glad to see several fine flowers of it again. The plant is very free, strong, and the flowers are beautiful in colour, which is a warm orange-scarlet, a shade which we have too little of. The calyx does not split, so that it is of exceptional usefulness in the outdoor garden. It has freedom, beautiful colouring, and a warm Clove-like fragrance to recommend it. Francis Samuelson. — The colour of this is best described as orange-apricot. It is in all ways a good border Carnation, the flower keeping its petals within the calyx, and the growth is very strong. Amphion is clear yellow in colour, with an intense rose edge. Duchess of Roxburgh is a conspicuous variety, the colouring being very bright and distinct. The ground colour is deep primrose, cut into with stripes of quite a heliotrope and terra-cotta shade. It fortunately does not burst, and the growth is very strong. Hidalgo is one of the darkest fancy Carnations we have seen. The ground colour is deep yellow, with heavy markings of almost black. THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON AND HIS NATIVE VILLAGE. N ESTLING snugly among the trees, two and a-half miles from Woburn — just on the borders of Woburn Abbey and Park (the noble seat of the Duke of Bedford) — lies the pretty old-world village of Milton Bryan, known to many as the birthplace of one of the most famous gardeners of the nineteenth century, the late Sir Joseph Paxton, who was born of poor parents in the year 1803. In the centre of the village stands the Manor House, a charming old country residence in the Elizabethan style, one of the few still unchanged in this part of Bedfordshire. It was for many years the country residence of the Inglia family, and here for some time Sir Joseph's father held the position of gardener for Sir Hugh Inglis, a name well known even to this day by members of the East India Company. The garden and grounds are large, and have many interesting trees and plants. The lordly Cedars, the seed of which was brought from Lebanon by Sir Robert Inglis a few years after Paxton was born, are admired by everyone, as is also the large white Beam, which one could quite well imagine had been there almost as long as the house itself. The flower garden is by no means confined to beds and borders, and those who are interested in the wild garden will find much to please them, especially in the spring and early summer, when the Aconites are in flower. The shrubbery is then carpeted with Primroses, Anemones, and Bluebells, Dafi'odils and Nar- cissi wave above the grass in the park, and Cow- slips are everywhere, while the hedgerows are in turn smothered with the blossom of Blackthorn, Hawthorn, Viburnum lantana, the Dog Rose, and many other flowering shrubs. The church standing on the brow of the hill can be seen for many miles, and from the top of the tower are beautiful views of the counties of Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, and Hertford- shire. On one side is Woburn Park, with its THE MANOR HOUSE, MILTON BBY>N (EAST FRONT). 122 THE GARDEN. [August 26, 1905. OLD SCHOOL-HOUSE, MILTON BKTAN, WHERE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON RECEIVED HIS EARLY EDUCATION deer, zebras, wild asses, and numerous other wild animals quietly grazing under the trees ; on the other is the rectory with its pretty and well- cultivated garden, for the present rector is an enthusiastic gardener. On the north side is the old school-house, where young Paxton, and indeed all Milton boys of that day, received their early educaion. For this inestimable benefit of a free education the villagers then, as now, were indebted to the Inglis family, who built, sup- ported, and finally endowed the schools many years before free education became a popular political cry. This structure, after the building of new schools, was for some years occupied as a dwelling-house, but is now unoccupied, and in a few months will probably be pulled down. Paxton's father died when he was only seven years of age, and the widow and family then had a bard struggle fcr existence. Like most boys at that time Paxton left school at an early age, and obtained a situation as garden boy in the gardens of Sir G. 0. P. Turner of Battlesden Park. Here he remained for a few years only, but at that early age we are told that he "showed his seniors many new ways of forcing flowers and vegetables." A year or two later he was apprenticed to William [ Giffen, a skilful fruit grower of Woodhall Park, : Watton, Herts. At the age of eighteen he j returned to Battlesden, and there helped his [ brother Thomas design and construct the large lake — now the property and a favourite fishing resort of the Duke of Bedford. I After this he entered the service of the Duke j of Somerset, but in 1823, after the Horticultural i Society leased the Chiswick Gardens from the Duke of Devonshire, he obtained employment there in the arboretum. The Duke of Devon- shire was at that time in Russia, and while there sent over to the Royal Horticultural Society some Russian plants. When he returned he was anxious to know how they had progressed. No one remembered them, but at last it was found that " young Paxton " had been taking care of them. He was sent for, and gave the Duke a clear and concise account of what had been done with them and how they had progressed. The Duke — Sir George Groves tells us — was greatly pleased by his intelligence, open and frank manner, and used often to watch him and talk to him at his work. He was appointed foreman in 1824, but two years later we find he was only receiving I83. per week, and, being anxious to better himself, was thinking of starting for America, when one morning, as he was busily engaged at bis work, the Duke went down to him, told him that his gardener at Cbatsworth was dead, and asked him if he would accept the , post. 1 Paxton was delighted with the offer, accepted it, and went down to Cbatsworth by the night mail to see what the place was like. He arrived there quite early in the morning, before the men had started work, and, while walking in the ' I should take up far too much space were I to attempt to tell of all that he did, his travels, the im- provements he made, the books he wrote, and famous buildings he designed. There are probably few gardeners who have won the love, respect, and esteem, or gained the friendship of their employers in the way that he did. The great act of his life, however, was his coming to the aid of the building committee with his admirable design for the building so success- fully erected in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition in 1851. Most of your readers are doubt- less aware how the promoters of that exhibition were in despair of procuring a practical design, and fears were entertained that the project would be eompulsorily abandoned, as 233 plans had been rejected. It was then that Paxton submitted one on the same princi- ple as the marvellous conservatory at Cbatsworth, referred to above, and it was in grateful rt cognition of his skill and ingenuity in solving the question that the order of knighthood was conferred upon him. In response to a special request, he consented to prepare an improved plan for the recon- struction of the great "glass palace." His scheme was adopted ; the building was taken down after the exhibition was closed, when it was rebuilt at Sydenham (on a much more extensive scale), where it still forms part of the popular Crystal Palace. For his successful achievement further honours were bestowed upon him, in- cluding his unopposed return to Parliament as member for Coventry. Charles J. Kilby. TOWN FRONT FLOWER GARDENS. HILE from time to time appears in newspapers w much with respect to the great need there is for efforts to be made to create floral beauty in town streets, in the Borough of Kingston-on- Thames something of a very practical kind in garden at that early hour, met for the first time I that direction has been in operation for several the lady who, a little later, became his wife. He j years. The town competitions annually insti- knew, of course, that this was a step up the ladder tuted are controlled by a committee consisting of of life, but he little thought that it was a step, too, on the road to fame. He at once began to make improvements in the garden, and afterwards on the estate. It was here that he first practised the art of a landscape gardener. A year or two members of the corporation, and the energetic hon. secretary is Mr. Councillor Lyne, J. P., the judges being the Surrey Education Committee's horticultural instructors — Mestrs. John Wright, V.M.H., and A. Dean, V.M H — whose services later. Sir Robert Sohombergk — a great friend of are for this purpose placed at the Borough Com the Duke — when travelling in South Africa dis- mittee's disposal. There are three diverse classes, covered the Victoria Regia Lily, and sent a plant of it to the Duke, who was extremely pleased, and ordered Paxton to build a house for it. It is there, too, that it miy even now be seen at its best. The beautiful gardens and the famous con- servatory— this was well illustrated in No. 1523, Vol. LIX. of The Garden -at Cbatsworth, as well as the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, are monuments of his skill. The Duke of Devonshire entertained many dis- tinguished guests while Paxton was there, but Paxton admits that there were none that he was more pleased to see than Sir Robert and Lad y Inglis, his greatest benefactor, and he was determined that they should see the place as no one else had ever seen it. Sir Robert was proud to see one of his village boys in so great and responsible a posi- tion, and Paxton thanked him for his generous help to himself and parents in bygone days. viz. , for gardens over half a rod in area, for others under half a rod, and for window boxes. The town is divided into equal portions, and there are three similar classes in each half, or six in all. Four prizes are given in each class, or twenty-four in all, and this year, to encourage fresh competitors' appearance in the four garden classes, two addi- tional prizes were offered for those wbo had not won a prize before. These added made thirty- two prizes, and all were allotted. In the borough there are literally thousands of small front or forecourt gardens, and, while the number com- peting was relatively small — about fifty — yet the influence of the yearly competitions has been widely felt, as great numbers of these small gar- dens are now prettily furnished in the summer with flowering plants, although not put into competition. When the results of the judging are published, very many residents make a rule August 26, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 123 to go round and see the snooeBaful gardens, and in that way great encouragement is furnished to the improving of their own gardens or windows. A marked feature in many of the competing gardens is seen in the use of climbers or trailing plants hung in baskets or fixed on brackets, especially of Fuchsias, Begonias, Lobelias, Cam- panulas, and similar things, and there are cases in which the entire front of a house is almost wholly hidden in a mass of floral beauty. The labour involved in creating these efifeots must be great indeed. Happily, in every case all com- petitive objects can be seen and thoroughly enjoyed by the passer-by. An example of the labour put forth to secure a high position is manifested in the garden of a newspaper com- positor, who is the first prize winner in the large garden class in the north division. Last year rather weak, he this year has created a front of singular beauty and refinement, using even the wall divisions on either side, as well as his house front and garden, for flowering and foliage plants in a way that would do credit to the best gar- dener in the kingdom. There may be a little tendency in some cases to crowd too much, but when good advice is tendered it is readily accepted. A neat garden last year, having the beds and borders edged with wood strips, this year shows these formal edgings hidden with variegated Dactylis with excellent effect. The small-leaved variegated Nepeta is also much used, with Creeping Jenny, Campanula isophylla. Musk, Lobelia, and Ivy-leaved Pelar- goniums, for tlie draping of window boxes. In some gardens standard Fuchsias, wonderfully well preserved during the winter, are very efiective. The entries are sent in early in July. An inspec- tion of the gardens and boxes is made during that month, and the final judging takes place early in August, the period most acceptable to the com- petitors. A. D. CORRESPONDENCE. (The Editor is not responsible for the opinions expressed by correspondents.) THE WILLOW TREE IN NEW ZEALAND. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] SI R, — In The Garden of February 18 a question is asked, " Is it possible to procure cuttings or slips from the Willow Tree that grew beside the grave of Napoleon at St. Helena ? " It may be of interest to your correspondent to know that the Weeping Willow in New Zealand came from the one in question. In the year 1840 H.M. brig Britomart cast anchor in the harbour of Akaroa (Bank's Peninsula, Canterbury). The object of the brig's advent to this place was the proclamation of the Queen's sovereignty over the southern islands of New Zealand, and thus to forestall the expected French mission, which was known to have a similar object in view on behalf of the French Government. Five days after the British flag was unfurled the French man-of-war L'Aube arrived, but too late. The next day the Comte de Paris entered Akaroa with emigrants from Bordeaux to found their expected colony. On the voyage to New Zealand the vessels touched at St. Helena, and cuttings were taken from the Willow that grew beside the grave of their great countryman, and from these cuttings we have the Weeping Willows in New Zealand. Dunedin. Walter Bull. of Pelargoniums at the Royal Horticultural Society's Chelsea show if they could supply me with plants or cuttings of this variety, but they all said they did not stock it, as "it did not go down with the public." The contrast of the vivid scarlet flowers and the dark maroon leaves produce, I consider, a very fine effect when massed, and I should be very glad if you or any of your readers could let me know for what reason this Pelargonium has " not gone down with the public," and also if you could tell me where I could get plants or cuttings of the variety. Dormer. JEFFERIES' LITTLE QUEEN- LETTUCE. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — I endorse all Mr. Wythes has said of this Lettuce, having known it now for the last sixteen years. It is a beautiful little Cos Lettuce, very early, and above all it does not run to seed freely. It is very distinct in growth, and is as sweet as a Nut. It is also a good Lettuce for a cold frame for very early work. A. E. Message. The Gardens, Brookdean, FitUeworth, Sussex. 120 feet — a serious loss if that goes ! I bought the original plant thirty years ago. The Holt, Barrow Weald. A. Kingsmim... PELARGONIUM BLACK VESUVIUS. [To THE Editor op " The Garden."] Sir, — I have much admired a very fine bed of Pelargoniums in Hyde Park this year named Black Vesuvius. I enquired of several exhibitors BAMBOOS FLOWERING. [To the Editor of " The Garden."] Sir, — On page 88 " N. B." asks for reports as to Bamboos flowering in other collections. Unfor- tunately, this gardening calamity will, I fear, be found to be universal as regards the three kinds, Simoni, Boryana, and Henonis. Arundinaria Simoni, which "The Bamboo Gar- den" (page 66) says "seeds without dying," flowered and fruited here in 1903 ; next year it looked perfectly dead, which, after all, is what really matters, and had to be thrown away, leaving a terrible gap, for it had been growing for over eighteen years. In 1904 a very fine clump of Phyllost achy s boryana seeded and died (as did all of this species at Kew), and now Henonis, which " The Bamboo Gar- den" rightly calls the best of all, has flowered and will evidently have to go in autumn, leav- ing a ghastly blank in the important position which it had graced and beautified for fifteen years. Can anyone say when we are likely to lose other species ? I have just run a line round my biggest clump of Arun- dinaria japonica, and find that the ciroumferenoe is [To THE Editor of " The Garden."] Sir, — In reply to your correspondent "N. B." of the I2th inst. , I regret to say that last year we lost three plants of Phyllostachys Henonis and three plants of Arundinaria Simoni through flowering. I may say that days were spent on one plant of Phyllostachys Henonis trying to save it by picking off every flower, but it was all in vain. This year we have three more fine plants of P. Henonis and one plant of Arundinaria Nigra blooming. Those varieties not showing any signs of flowering here up to the present are Arundinaria nitida, Bambusa palmata, Phyllostachys Quilioi, P. viridi-glaucescens, P. aurea, and Thamnocalamus Falconeri. I am afraid this flowering of the Bamboo will deter many from planting them. F. W. Rich. The Gardens, Elfordleigh, Plympton, S. Devon. THE ROSE GARDEN. TWO GOOD YELLOW ROSES. OVERS of yellow Roses would do well to add to their collections Billiard et Barre and Mme. Pierre Cochet, two of the best I know. The former is a charming Dijon Tea Rose, a strong grower, and admirably suited for filling the centre of large Rose beds. It is seldom more c gELINE FOBESTIER R08E on pergola at the BKCTORT, MILTON BRYAN. 124 THE GARDEN. [August 26, 1905. than 4 feet or 5 feet high, so that we cannot class it as a climber. The colour is a distinct orange yellow, and very striking when from plants grown in a partly shaded situation. Mme. Pierre Cochet has been extremely good with us this year. The bud is like W. A. Richardson. It is a mistake to plant it against a hot wall. Its proper place is on a bank, pegged down, or allowed to ramble over a tree stump out in the open ; by so doing the true colour is maintained. Avon Castle Gardens. George Burrows. THE JAPANESE ROSE (ROSA WICHURAIANA). The various hybrids — in the production of which this Japanese species has played a part — are so numerous, and in many instances so popular, that the great merits of the type are very generally overlooked. Why this is so it is difficult to say, for the typical Rosa wichuraiana is so distinct and beautiful from anything else that we have nothing to compare with it in gardens. It is now a dozen years since I first saw this Rose in flower at Kew, and I then thought it one of the most beautiful I had ever met with, an opinion which is still retained, in spite of the long list of wichuraiana hybrids, none of which are, to my mind, its equal — at least, their habit is so different that a comparison can scarcely be made. The most striking features of this Rose are its perfectly prostrate habit, its glossy leaves, vigorous growth, and profusion of pure white flowers. While so much is written every week about the various hybrids, the typical species never has a word in its favour, hence this short note. T. Philadelphia Rambler seems in every way adapted for covering pergolas, the sides of rustic bridges, or stumps in the open. Seen at a distance the colour is most efifective. George Burrows. TWO BEAUTIFUL YELLOW ROSES. Although there are a number of Roses that are described as yellow and gold, in reality there are few that are of striking effect on the plant. We seem to have a good novelty in Perle des Jaunes. It might be described as a form of Mme. Falcot, with the rich golden colour of Ma Cipucine and W. A. Richardson combined. This Rose should prove to be a good bedding variety, but I am NEW AND RARE PLANTS. UIjAJL T I i \. ROSE EARL OF WARWICK. This exquisite Hybrid Tea will take a leading position among decorative Roses. Not only is it a valuable addition to garden Roses, but it will also prove suitable for exhibition. I saw a beautiful specimen in the first prize seventy-two this year at the National Rose Show. Messrs. William Paul and Son are to be congratulated upon the raising of this Rose. The petals of Earl of Warwick are of enormous size, even rivalling Mrs. W. J. Grant in this respect, and there seems to be some of the blood of the old Souvenir d'un Ami in the Rose, although the flowers are erect. The colour of Earl of Warwick is salmon-pink, the centre of the flower warmly flushed with vermilion, approaching the tint of colour that gives Mme. Abel Chatenay such charm. The growth is strong, equal to the best of the Hybrid Teas. The fragrance is not specially strong, rather resembling that of the Tea-scented Roses. All who value the bold decorative eflFect of such Roses as G. Nabonnand will welcome Earl of Warwick. p. GLADIOLUS LADY INCHIQUIN. HIS is the time of the Gladiolus, and the beautiful nurseries of Messsrs. Kelway and Son, Lang- port, are aglow with colour from the tall handsome spikes. A little of this resplendent beauty drifts to the large exhibitions from time to time, and this was so at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on the 1st inst, when the firm showed the beautiful new variety Lady Inchiquin, which must rank among the finest of the Gladioli raised at Langport, The flowers are of large size, the illustration being on a reduced scale, a very pure rose- pink in colour, with delicate yellow mark- ings on the lower seg- ments. It is a very beautiful and distinct Gladiolus. CAMPANULA CAR- PATICA WHITE STAR. This was shown by j\Ir. Prichard, and is one of the most beautiful of the whole of the Bellfiowers. It will be probably much grown in the future in the rock garden and in pots. The flowers are more than 2 inches across, of somewhat flattened shape, and white, in ■which there is a sus- picion of a bluish shade and ring of mauve in the centre. It is a Campanula for all gardens. ROSE PHILADELPHIA RAMBLER. This is a splendid addition to the rambling Roaes, being far superior to Crimson Rambler, which is saying a great deal. The flowers are deeper in colour, larger, and fuller, and do not present such an untidy appearance when fading — a great drawback with Crimson Rambler. The CAMPANULA CABPATIOA WHITE STAR. {Natural size. Skotvtl by Mr. Prichard, Rive-rslea Nursery^ Christchurch, at the meetinrj of the Roijal Horticultural Society nn the 1st inst., and given an award of merit.) afraid it is rather tender. It possesses the free- branching habit of Mme. Falcot. The other variety I would commend is Berthe de Bary de Zahony. Here, again, there is a lovely golden colour. In the bud state this Rose is most beautiful, of a shape almost perfect, and I imagine it will be much in request as a button- hole Rose. The growth in this case is equal to Mme. Falcot. It is a great pity that French raisers do not select better names, for if anything will hinder the popularising of varieties it is this. ■ p. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS. ANNUALS AT HOME. DO not think I ever realised what beautiful things annuals are until I saw them growing in large spaces and great masses as they do at Messrs. Sutton's Reading grounds. In herbaceous borders failure is too often the result of over- crowding, and the plant either perishes or pro- duces flowers so small and meagre as to be practically worthless. Even the careful thinning which is rightly recommended is often of no avail, for some large herbaceous plant over- shadows the smaller one and deprives it of the two most important factors, light and food. The Tropseolum, for instance, is used in most small gardens as a climber for decorating odd corners and for filling in flower-tubs, while the Tom Thumb varieties are useful border plants ; but the beauty of a large mass of these flowers fairly took my breath away, so varied and so brilliant were the shades of orange, yellow, and cream, blending perfectly and intensified by the clear emerald green of their disc-like foliage. A faint perfume exhaled by the sun's rays, refreshing and pungent, greeted us as we bent oyer J August 26, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 125 the wonderful dazzling carpet of flowers. This clearly is the way to use the Nasturtium if you have a large garden. I could imagine a long bed or border of these flowers on a terrace set against the distant blue of the receding hills or belt of Firs. Then perhaps the next combination was a long line of Godetia — miniature crimson and white — each plant perfect, and never a gap for 100 yards and more. Then a large plot of Morning Star Chrysanthemum, which Messrs. Sutton appear to think one of their most satisfactory annuals, and certainly they are justified in their suppo- sition. What an excellent subject for cutting, too, is burridgeanum ! It held its own in my estimation with its charming tricolor flowers ; but the varieties of this annual are too numerous to mention, and many are most worthy of culti- vation. I was perfectly delighted, too, with a bed of the small Queen of the Blues (perennial Delphinium), which will fill charmingly many gaps in the front of your herbaceous borders left by the dying Daffodil Grass. It must be sown now for next summer. How, too, the race of Candytufts has improved ! The old varieties were a bad-coloured purple and white, small and weedy ; now we have carmine, crimson, lilac, and white, and such big spiral blossoms. They sow themselves every year, but I have noticed invariably deteriorate, so it is better to get fresh seed and pull up the old plants. Among the Clarkias, always old favourites of mine, I saw a large plot of Salmon Queen. She still apparently occupies the throne, but Carnation-flaked Pink runs her close, and the dwarf Pink is most useful for the front of the borders. Next year everyone should sow a supply of azure blue Lobelia for edging or massed patches of colour. It is a lovely little thing, and truly blue. Phacelia carapanularia should be sown in the autumn, and so ought Nemophila insignis. A visit to a great garden like these 100 acres in Berkshire is a wonderful lesson in cultivation, order, and enterprise, and with these beauty walks hand in hand. A great map marked out in glorious colours seems to be rolled out before you beneath the burning July sun. It proved to me that soil matters little, for these acres of beauty are dry and arid, and by art and perse- verance are made to yield the most perfect flowers. It is difficult to realise that these great seed gardens, and others like them, are in touch with the whole world ; that many of these annuals forming this great colour map come from the Antipodes ; and that many of the very Grasses we use for our velvet lawns are collected from every corner of the globe and accepted or rejected after long and careful trials. No subject is too small or too humble to be con- sidered as a possible gift to our English gardens, and it is only neces- sary for a little foreign flower to have a certain beauty of her own to be enrolled among the finest denizens of our parterres or forcing houses. The little Swan River Daisy has equal rights with the gorgeous Begonias and Cannas that decorate the gardens of the wealthy, and so year by year, as our love of gardening steadily increases, these great firms meet us with their wonderful supplies of new and beautiful flowers, many of which are produced by cross-fertilisation, a process which may take years to perfect, and which also takes a great deal of time and quite as much brain power — and a most wonderful quantity of patience. The new annual which you will sow next year represents all this, and it is good to remember this little lesson when we in our gardens become dis- heartened with our failures and disap- pointments, 4F(jnsTA pE Lacy JjAOT. PELARGONIUM ENDLICHERIANUM. It would be difficult to find a summer-flowering rock plant so interesting as the hardy Pelargo- nium, well-flowered specimens of which are a great gain. It is a handsome and distinct- looking plant with succulent, semi-prostrate stems, leaves which differ from the florist's Geranium only in being smaller, and showy trusses of rose-coloured flowers in which the petals are all ascending, crimson veined, and per- sistent for a much longer period than usual with Geraniums. Grown on a warm rockery slope, or planted between boulders so that its stems could ramble in their own slow way, or planted under a wall in a warm corner where ample drainage help the plants to winter well, it cannot fail to succeed. It is only in veteran specimens that one finds the plant's true worth, then a sheaf of bloom poised over the grey-green leafage is indeed grand, and such veteran clumps remind one of what a little patient care and waiting can do for many plants hitherto untried, because considered diiE- N cult to manage, yet which will develop, \ on a slow but sure basis, into specimens that will be greatly treasured. NIGELLA MISS JEKYLL. Among several new annuals on trial the above has proved to be one of the best. The seed germinates freely in the open border, and the plant is stronger and quite as branching as the type. Its finely out foliage and mossy involucre form a beautiful setting for the many-petalled flower. The colour has been variously described as Cornflower blue, and recently in The Garden, by an Irish contributor, as deep violet-blue. Can it be that in the Sister Isle, where the grass is said to grow so green, this Nigella, not to be outdone, assumes the colour of the Princess of Wales Violet ? Here, when the flowers first open, the petals are rather pale towards the base, but soon change to a clear full blue, similar to the blue of the Cornflower perhaps, but softer and more delicate, with the greenish shade of the old form eliminated. J. Comber. The Gardens, Nymans, Crawley. FLOWER GARDEN. G GLADIOLDS LADY INCHIQDI!f. {Shmmi by Messrs. Kehvay and Son, Langport, at a meeting of the Royal Hortieultural Society on the 1st inst., and given an fiwcfrt? of merit. Reditced.) FOUR OF THIS YEAR'S SWEET PEAS. LADYS UNWIN, I think, stands well to the front for beauty and colour, many of the stems having four blooms upon them, and coupled with the pro- fuseness of flowering, renders this Sweet Pea quite one of the foremost issued in 1905. Next may I class Mr. Henry Eckford's exquisite variety Black Michael, which is a deep claret or maroon, and of beautiful form. The standards are of a high- class type. It flowers well, and stands sun and rain. David Williamson, another beauty of fine colouring and size, which reminds me of Duke of Westminster, but grander both in form and in colour. PvOMOLO PiAzzANi, with its flowers of pale or deep azure blue, bids next year to be a very great addition. This year, I am sorry to say, mine have not all thrown well, and certainly not as well as Scarlet Gem, which has often had three flowers upon its stems. Charles W. Crosby. Broome Hurst, Dorking. 126 THE GARDEN. [August 26, 1905. GARD6NING FOR B8GINNSRS. PROPAGATING NOTES —The present time is a suitable one for propagating many things from cuttings, not only of what are termed bedding plants, but cuttings of Roses. Climbing plants, such as Ivies, Honeysuckles, &c , and choice evergreen shrubs will strike now in sandy soil under hand-lights or in a frame in a shady position, kept regularly in a moist con- dition. Propagating Qeranmms. — Cuttings of the ends of the shoots 4 inches long will strike now in pots, pans, or boxes in the open air. If pots are need, place the cuttings round the sides of 5-inch pots, fixed in the soil with firmness. The pots must have 2 inches of rough material in the bottom for drainage ; broken bricks in small pieces will do, or anything similar may be used. On the drainage place a layer of moss or the rougher turfy part of the soil, and on this place the pre- pared soil, which may be equal parts of sandy loam and leaf-mould, with about a one-tenth part of sand added to keep it open and sweet. Press the soil in firmly, and place a layer of sand on the top half an inch thick. We generally get the requisite number of pots ready and give enough water with a rosed pot to settle the soil, and while the pots drain prepare the cuttings. There will not be much fear of damping when the pots are prepared in this way. The more foliage left on the cuttings, provided it can be kept from wilting, the sooner roots form, and to keep the leaves from drooping, except in the case of Gera- niums, there must be a confined atmosphere, as foliage exposed to the drying influences of sun- shine and a freely moving atmosphere must wilt and show signs of exhaustion. Geranium leaves are stiff, and there is not much evaporation from them. Even in the sunshine, unless very dry, they do not show signs of distress. All soft things, such as Heliotropes, Fuchsias, and Ver- benas, should, if possible, be rooted in a cold frame, shaded, and kept close except for an hour or so early in the morning. In preparing the cuttings, cut just beneath a joint, removing the bottom pair of leaves. Do not overcrowd things ; this leads to damping off, and one dead or decay- ing cutting spreads the disease, withers, and much mischief is done which ought to have been avoided. Cuttings of Hoses in limited numbers may be rooted in good-sized pots or boxes placed in a shady position, but not over-watered. The soil must, of course, be moist, but not continually saturated, or the bark will decay and turn black. Sand should be used freely in the compost and a layer on the surface, the whole possessing a reasonable degree of firmness. When a large number of cuttings are planted, a special bed should be prepared in a shady spot. Roses may do exposed, though when we have a frame to spare we use it for Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Chinas. The shoots taken from cuttings should be getting a bit firm, and, where possible, take them off with a heel of older wood, but for the most part the cuttings will be of the current year's growth and from 6 inches to 9 inches long. Single buds with 2 inches of wood below and 1 inch above may be used in very sandy stuff under glass. We have rooted cuttings of this kind in cocoa fibre refuse and sand in equal parts. The cocoa fibre was not very fresh, and was in a suit- able condition to retain moisture. One of the causes of failure arises from the necessity for much watering, but with cocoa fibre very little water beyond a light sprinkling is required. All one has to do is to keep them shaded and close, SIMPLE HINTS. with a very light dewing over with a fine rose when the surface is dry. Under such conditions nearly every cutting will grow, and, as only strong buds are used, very strong growths are made. Of course, as soon as roots are formed the cuttings are potted up and plunged in a bed where there is a little warmth and shade for a few days till established. Selecting the Cuttings. — Never propagate stock from an unhealthy plant. This principle holds good in everything, and as far as possible take the cuttings from the upper part of the plant, for there the greatest vigour will be found. Never use a blunt knife in making cuttings, as death often follows from a carelessly made wound, and always cut close to a joint. The joint or node should be left to form the base of the cutting. The Violetta Pansies. — These are charming little flowers for the beginner, and much has been written about them by Mr. Crane in The Garden. We draw attention particularly to one variety— the dainty Queen of the Year, which has flowers PANSY (^UEEN OF THE YBAE. (Natural size.) of a soft mauve, and are represented as of natural size in the illustration. The growth is quite creeping, and the flowers are sent up in abundance on short, sturdy sterna. Pinks. — These are very choice garden flowers, and much valued by those who are unable to pur- chase glass frames or build greenhouses. Pinks may be grown in the garden of the cottager, and are so sweet and lovely that the wealthiest amateur should not lack a bed of them in the flower garden or a colony of plants in the pleasure grounds. To have Pinks in a high state of per- fection, with perfect lacing, they ought to be grown on rich, deep, well-manured soil. This ought to be prepared at once, and much in the same wa}' as for Carnations. I observed, when travelling in the North, that some of the growers layered the Pinks in the same way as Carnations. I never take the trouble to do this, but merely slip off the growths and plant them in a moist, ' shady place out of doors or under hand-glasses, ' as being safer if these are available. The plants should be ready to set out where they are to flower by the middle or end of September. The earlier they are planted out, the better chance have they to stand the winter. When planted late, alternate frosts and thaws throw them out of the ground, to their serious injury. If the flowers are intended for exhibition, it is best to plant them together in a prepared bed or border. Plant them in rows about 9 inches asunder, and allow the same space between the plants. A light mulch of decayed manure should be spread over the surface of the ground, especially if the weather continues hot and dry. This admits of water being freely applied without causing a hard sur- face almost impervious to the air. — D. Weeds in Walks and Courts. — Much time is wasted in weeding and hoeing walks, and at this season a broken-up gravel surface is exceedingly uncomfortable to walk upon. It is much better and cheaper to use weed killers, which should be used only in dry weather. The best time is during a dry spell in March or April, and one dressing applied annually will suf£ce. It may be applied now if the spring dressing was missed. May be obtained from any horticultural chemist. Daffodils for Cutting. — For the spring season nothing in the way of hardy flowers lends itself so readily to, or is so amenable to, varied forms of floral arrangements as the extensive family of Daffodils, which may be planted now. From the time the earlier kinds expand their flowers whilst snow and frost are still occasionally seen, onwards until the spring has considerably advanced, they may be had, thus saving choicer flowers from under glass, or dispensing with them entirely. The intrinsic value of the Daffodil should recommend itself more and more for use in a cut state. Not only is the season a long one, but the diversity in form, colour, and size affords such a varied scope for one's ingenuity in arranging the blossoms in a cut state. The choicer kinds, as they become better known and more extensively grown, will undoubtedly be much sought after. For instance, there is that very beautiful variety sent out by Messrs. Barr and Son, and called Queen of Spain, of a graceful form of growth, with distinct sulphur- coloured flowers. Bicolor Horsfieldi is another beautiful sort, with its immense golden-yellow trumpet and white perianth, one of the finest and most stately of its section. This fine variety may be fairly called the king of Daffodils. Both Emperor and Empress are noble kinds, with their broad, strap-like foliage. Other choice kinds are Nelsoni major, Barri conspicuus. Princess Mary, with its immense silvery white perianth and spreading yellow crowns ; Poeticus ornatus and the varieties of Leedsi. The list could be lengthened out almost indefinitely, but particular care should be taken so as to exclude the small or minor forms. Narci>su3 cyclamineus and N. minor are both little gems in their way ; then there are N. Bulbocodium (in various shades) and N. nanus, somewhat after N. minor, but distinct therefrom. Without entering into the Polyanthus section as suited to pot culture, mention should be made of the .Jonquils, which are well suited to accompany the foregoing. The large single Campernelle, the single sweet-scented and the Silver Jonquil are all excellent for cut- ting. In the cutting of Daffodils note should be taken of the fact that the flowers will develop well after they are cut. They may, therefore, be taken as the blossoms are expanding ; this in some instances is an advantage, particularly where more than one bloom comes from the same bulb, for it thus relieves the same in good time. For arranging with Daffodil flowers as a foliage accompaniment there is nothing to surpass or August 26. 1905.] THE GARDEN. 127 even equal their own leaves, some of which can easily be spared from the commoner kinds. Fresh green moss is a good addition in some cases, as, for instance, when sand is used in rather broad receptacles, or in smaller ones when the minor varieties are to be arranged, as the} at all times should be, by themselves. Beware of overcrowding the flowers in any case ; this, besides spoiling the effect, is utter waste. By changing the water every few days they will last much longer. Lilium auratum. — The illustration represents Lilium auratum, reproduced from a photograph sent by Mr. Thomas Winkworth, The Gardens, Haughton Hall, Tarporley. One bulb is carrying three stems, with an aggregate number of twenty- three flowers. The bulb is in a 6inch pot. It was grown last year in a similar-sized pot, but carried only one stem then. The Fuchsia. — Few plants are prettier than the Fuchsia. It is a question whether the double kinds should be encouraged, and yet they have their admirers. If Fuchsias are to be grown from cuttings, and good big plants are required, the propagation should be eflfected early in the autumn by taking any nice soft young shoots as free from flower as they can be obtained, insert- ing them in sharp sandy soil and keeping them close and moist under a haad-light. If attended to and gently syringed or bedewed daily they will soon strike, and when rooted should be potted singly into small pots, and then stood in a frame where they can be shut up early in the afternoon to give them a start. During the winter they must be kept gently moving by standing them in a temperature of between 40° and 50°, and in spring should have an increase of 5^ or 10'. As soon as the plants begin to grow freely it will be necessary to decide in what form they are to be trained, whether as bushes, pyra- mids, or standards, as in the last case they must have side shoots stopped close and be run up to the desired height with clean stems ; but in stop- ping, the main leaves should not be taken off, as the loss of so much foliage weakens the plants. To get nice Symmelrical Heads, all the shoots when they attain a length of 6 inches or so should have the points pinched out, and the same again till the plants get properly furnished. In start- ing with pyramids all side branches must be encouraged, and the leading shoot tied loosely and trained up a stake, but it is necessary to nip the head out after a plant gets from 1 foot to 18 inches high, or side shoots will not form. These will need stopping occasionally, and a fresh leader must be run up and again stopped and any requisite thinning done, so as to have the plant perfectly balanced and regular all round, and the same from base to summit, this forming a hand- some specimen when the plant gets into bloom, and that without stakes or sticks, except just in the centres, as they are quite unnecessary in the traioing of Fuchsias. Bush Plants are easy enough to grow and form, but they are not very desirable, as they do not show off their flowers so well as those of the shapes referred to unless they are elevated and brought more on a level with the eye by standing them on pedestals or suspending them in baskets. In cases where there are lofty conservatories or greenhouses to furnish, the latter is a good way of using Fuchsias, as in baskets they are very telling, especially those of a drooping or pendulous habit, of which there are many varieties, and they make a capital show. Others, again, are well adapted for growing as climbers up pillars or under rafters, and when so used they produce a most striking effect in a house. Cauliflowers for Spring. — Sow in open border thinly in drills. If the ground is very dry, moisten the drills and sow on the damp soil. Cover with the dry soil from the side of the drills. LILIUM AUBATUM. The Early Erfurt and Late Asiatic are good varieties. Early London used to be grown a good deal, but there appears now to be a difficulty in getting it true. Cauliflower seeds are mostly grown on the Continent, and the varieties may have got mixed up. ^lake two sowings, the first about August 20 and the last about the end of the month. Veitch's Forcing is a good early sort, and Autumn Giant is a good late one. Walcheren is hardly so true and good as it used to be. When true it is excellent for late summer and autumn. Seeds of any of the above may be sown in a frame in September, and again under glass in February in heat. GARDENING OF WEEK. THE FLOWER GARDEN. CARNATION LAYERING should be completed without further delay, or the young plants will not be sufficiently rooted to pass safely through the winter. If stock of any variety is limited, growths that could not conveniently be brought down for layering may be inserted as cuttings. With due care a fair percentage will strike, although rather late in the season. Summer-bedding Plants generally may be propagated as cuttings become available. It is yet early for many. By no means allow Begonias to become dry at the roots, but water freely and copiously should dry weather prevail. A bat^h of cuttings of fibrous -rooted Begonias might be put in. They are easily rooted and wintered, but person- ally I prefer seedlings, Tuberous-rooted varieties should be gone over, selecting and marking those intended for seeding next year, so that at lifting time they can be put aside for the purpose, to be either grown in pots, pits, or frames, or in a sunny spot by themselves to produce seed. Pick off any ripe pods of the best sorts, dry and clean and put safely away, adding to it as opportunity occurs. At the end of the season it should be wrapped in tissue paper and stored in air-tight tin boxes until sowing time. Attend to Staking bulbous and herbaceous plants, and tie up as the tioner-stems advance. Many of the latter class will need copious waterings and feeding, either with liquid farmyard manure water or frequent, though light, sprink- lings of a reliable fertiliser, for specimens or clumps carry- ing many and heavy heads of blooms and ample foliage are very exhaustive, and unless freely assisted in this way they will suffer, and some probably collapse, at this critical period. Unless seed saving is aimed at, promptly cut off all spent flower-stalks ; in most cases it nill be the means of prolonging the blooming season considerably. At the same time, if a plant shows a desirable advance over its fellows, reserve it for seed bearing. It is this kind of selection that helps to keep the strain up to its standard, o Selected Polyanthuses which were reserved for seed bearing, and from which the crop has been harvested, can DOW be lifted, divided, and replanted in rich soil in the reserve ground. They will make useful stuff for filling up beds for winter and spring flowering. The main flower- ing of NrjiPH^AS being now over, dead flowers and yellow leaves shuuld be pulled out, and weeds, if any, cleared away. Look over Climbers on Walls periodically, thinning out ihe growths where crowded and loosely tying in long straggling shoots. See also that rampant growers do nut encruach and smother the less robust and rare, for it would be a sad mistake to hide and ruin the few shrubs that are now in bloom, such as Eucryphia pinnatifolia, Cassia corymbosa, Berberidopsis corallina, Csesalpinia japonica, Desfontanea spinosa. Myrtles, Indigoferas, Ceanothuses, Abelias, &c., as well as Carpenteria caiifornica, Choisya ternata, lemon-scented Verbena, and others which are but just over. Unfortunately, there are not many choice shrubs in bloom at this season. Correction.— An error occurs in my notes of the 12Lh inst. In giving convenient sizes of Geranium and other propagating boxes, instead of being 6 inches wide it should read 9 inches. J. ROBERTS. The Gardens, Tan-y-bwlch, North Wales. INDOOR GARDEN. Persian Cyclamens.— Make a sowing of these useful winter-flowering plants. Shallow, well-drained pans are preferable to pots for sowing them in. Use a compost of equal parts sifted loam and leaf-mould, a little mortar rubble, and coarse silver sand. Place the rough siftings over the drainage, fill the pans to within 1 inch of ihe top with soil, and press moderately flrm. Dibble the seeds in about half an inch apart and one-eighth of an inch deep. Place the pans in a house with a night temperature of 60" to 65° Fahr., and cover with a sheet of glass and paper. When the seedlings begin to germinate remove the paper and place close to the roof glass. Gradually admit air by tilting the sheet of glass till eventually it can be dispensed with altogether. If a quantity are grown, sowings can be made at intervals from now till November for succession. The plants in the frames which are full of roots can be assisted with a little manure water once or twice a week. Remove the lights at night during favourable weather. Malmaison Carnations.— Sever the rooted layers 1 inch or so beyond where the roots are growing. This piece of the old stem is useful to help support the plant till it is rooting freely. Pot up the layers into 4-inch pots, using a compost of three parts turfy loam and one of leaf- mould and decayed manure, adding plenty of sand. Stand in a frame, keeping rather close and shaded from the sun for a few days. Air can then be given freely, eventually removing the lights altogether, except during bad weather. For cool greenhouse decoration in spring Pinks are not grown in pots as much as they deserve. The perfume from the flowers in the house is very pleasing. The variety Mrs. Sinkins is especially useful. Select some of the stronger-rooted cuttings and pot up singly into 5-inch or three in a 6-inch pot. Crassula cocoinea, perhaps better known under the name of Kalusanthes. This old-fashioned plant can usually be depended on for a good display of flowers. Cut back the plants after flowering, and stand outside for a few weeks. The growths which have not flowered may be inserted as cuttings about 3 inches in length and four or five in a 5-inch pot. Give good drainage, and have plenty of mortar rubble in the soil. Place on a shelf in a house with a dry atmosphere. Very little water will be needed during the winter. General Remarks. — To obtain the maximum amount of flower from the plants, and to winter others success- fnlly, it is necessary that the growths be well matured. The blinds should be used as little as possible from now onwards, the plants being given as much light as possible. Winter-flowering plants in the frames can have the lights removed altogether during favourable weather. Assist with manure water Bouvardias, Salvias, Reinwardtias, Peiistrophes, &c. The double Primulas propagated by division may be potted on into 5-inch or 6-inch pots, placed in a pit or frame near the elass, and kept close for a few days. Dew over several times daily with the syringe. Remove all the flower-spikes which appear for the next five or six weeks. Achimenes as they cease fiowering can be placed in a frame in a sunny position, gradually with- holding water. Royal Botanic Gardens^ Eew. A. Osborn. FRUIT GARDEN. Pot Vines.— These are now showing signs of ripening, and the supply of moisture both at the roots and in the atmosphere should be gradually diminished. Admit abundance of air during the day and a fair amount at night, gradually hardening the canes so that they may eveutubliy be placed outdoors in a sunny position, where they will finish more perfectly. The early permanent vines which are to be started in November may now be half-pruned. Keep the house as cool as possible by throw- ing the ventilators wide open. If the roof lights can be easily removed, so much the better. This will tend to keep growth inactive, allowing the final pruning to be 128 THE GAEDEN. [August 26, 1905. done at the proper time, which should be at least a month before closine the hoase. Fkaches axi> Nectarines— Trees which hare given unsaiisfaciory crops will need renoTating. The present is a sniiable time to carry out this work, which is simply replaciDC the old soil with new. This may be done to within a" few feel of the st«ms without any fear for the results, provided it is carried out carefully and espe- diiitusly. Most of the roots maybe cut well back, pre- serving only the large main ones, and these may be cut to a convenient lengthT It is very important that the borders be well drained, and a good drainage is formed by placing a layer of bricks on edge at the bottom. Over this throw a quantity of broken brickt)ats to the depth of 4 inches. To keep this clean a layer of freshly-dug sods should ce placed over it, trrass side downwards." TQe new soil should be mixed ready for use. Vse plenty of old mortar rubble and charred soil wiib loam of a rich nature, avoiding artificial mannre unless the soil Is poor. Make sure this is rammed quite firm as the work proceeds, ^"hen all is finished, give the trees a good watering and make free use of the svnnge during hot weather. OmvX'K Trees.— Early varieties of Peaches and Nec- tarines have been exceptionally good this season, both in coluur and flavour. As soon as the crops have been cleared the trees should receive a gocKi washing with the garden engine, using an insecticide if necessary. Make sure the roots are well supplied with moisture. Attention must be directed to the LTowih which is to bear next season's crop. If the young shoots are inclined to be crowded, some of the old fruiting wood may be cut out. Late varieties must be encouraged to mature their crops perfectly. Any leaves which are shading the fruit must be drawn to one side, so that they may have full benefit of the sun, which is essential to high colour and flavour. Eaf.lt apples a>"I' Pears.— Much care will be needed In cathering early varieties of Apples and Pears if they are to^be placed on the table in the best condition. They must not be gathered too soon or they will be insipid, and they will not improve by keeping. It is far better to leave them on the trees till they are quite ripe, and use them at once. On the other hand, they must not be left too long, as early varieties quickly become mealy, and if placed ~on the table in this condition may cause dis- appointment. E. Hareiss. Fruit Department, Royal Giirdeng, Windaor. ORCHIDS. DEcn-rors axt- SESo-i-EcnTors Desi-eobit?*.*. — As many of these are completing their season's growth, the plants should be gone over occasionally, seleciiog those that have finished making their growths and have the terminal leaf at the extremity of the bulbs expanded. Snc^ plants should be placed together at one end of the house, where they may be more conveniently exposed to almost foil sunshine, and where plenty of air can be admitted and less moisture afforded them, so as to fully ccmeolidate and thorougiily bring the newly-made growths to maturity. Care must l>e taken tha: these plants are not allowed to become too dry at the root for iMig together or the growths wiU receive a check, which will cause them to finish up prematurely and immediately afterwards to start into growth again, and the plants are considerably weakened. It is not always advisable to remove these Dendrobiums direct from the growing house into their winter quarters immediately growth is com- pleted, because just about the finishing period many of the roots become active. These, together with careful watering and ventilation, will assist to build up strong pseudo-bulbs, which will be able to beM^ uninjured the strain of flowering. In about a fortoight's time the new bnlbe will be folly developed. The plants should then ne removed to where they will be far less shaded and where the atmoG^iiiere is drier and le&a close. Xo better place can be selected than the onUnary cool greenhouse or Tioeiy &CMn which the Grapes have been g^ihered, taking care to select a poeiticm where the plants will be free fr^m dranghte or cold winds. As these plants are placed in their proper resting quarters others that are later in finishing their growth should be gradually inured to the same treatment. It seldom happens that all the plants •re ready for removal at the same time, which is an advantage to the grower, as he i= easily able to prolong the flowering season. Where the I>endrobium3 have a house to themselves, and they consist principally of those of the D. nobile, I). Ainsworthi, If. splendidis&imum grandi- florum, D. melaoodiscas, and D. Wig&i.^ sections, Uiere ia DO need fen' removal to other houses, as the heat may be gradually turned een well moistened with pure water. A little soot at times is very beneficial in assisting to keep the plants in a healthy condition. The action is extremely quick, judging by the fine green hue the foliage takes on very soon after application. Guano and nitrate of soda are also excellent stimulants for the Tomato, though great care is necessary in giving them. Small quantities applied frequently are preferable to larger doses at longer intervals.' If this is strictly adhered to, and no approach to dryness allowed near the roots, there will be no danger, whereas the opposite may lead to disastrons results. ASPAKAGCS requires careful treatment at this time in the way of supporting the grass to prevent injury by wind. Excellent Asparagus crowns are sometimes destroyed by the grass being broken over before it is ripe. Old Pea-rods answer well for keeping the grass in an upright position till it has performed its functions. Occa- sional doses of liquid manure at this period go a long way to stimulate and plump up the crowns for anotiier year's crop. SKAiALE crowns planted in the spring are growing rapidly at present, and the surroundings should be fre- quently stirred with the Datch hoe, so that the plants may receive the full benefit of the sun's rays and showers wben they prevaiL Seakale plants are also lovers of stimulants when in full growth, and these may be applied in considerable strength if the ground is moist without the least injury. On no account should the Seakale plot be allowed to become in the least dry. Plenty of moisture and sunshine are essential in ripening and plumping up the crowns, so that the foliage may fall from them at as early a date as possible. J. Jeffeet The Gardens, St. Mary's Isle, KirkeudbrigkL ROSE GARDEN. Bci»l»i5G should now be brought to a close, although if there are any Manettl stocks to bud these will still " run well,' it , the sap is flowiog freely. Tnless this be so in all stocks, budding is useless. Sometimes Briars will dry up quite early. Where this is the case, give them a gxKl sOTkiog with water and defer budding for a few days. The Eably Bri>M>"G should be examined and the ties removed before they cut into the bark. Dd not cut away any of the growths of the stocks, save suckers, until next February. SrcREES upon Rose plaDt£ should be removed imme- diatejy they are detected. They act the part of robbers to our Ecises and should i>ot be tolerated, often, owiog to the similarity In growth, the wild shoots of the de la Grifferaie 8to=k will grow together with rambler Roses and be undetected for some time. I have seen walls covered with this stock, which bears a rosy pink cluster of Ucasoou, and is not at all a bad Rose, ooly that it usurps the strength that ahoald be given by the roots to the R-ise proper. Wbere such suckers exist a bud of the same variety as the Rose could be inserted at the base of the sucker, which would tend to streugthen the cultivated variety another season. Of course, the sucker could be cut back to the inserted bud next spring. Rose Sesi' should be cut oS all planta, unless it be desired to raise a few seedlings ; but as a rule seed from self-fertilised flowers raiely produces anything better than existing sorts. Roses snfler in common with other shrubs when the seed-pods are allowed to mature. They abcmld therefore be removed immediately the blossom has given us its beauty. Old BLOOiTS should be removed from all Roses daily if possible ; one or two faded blooms completely mar a fine cluster. I have especially noticed this with Dorothy Perkins this year. A handy lad with a pair of scissors would soon do the work. Everything points to a glorious ArTrM>' Eloomisg of the Roses, and those who selected wisely with a display at that season mainly in view will soon reap reward for their labour. It is a good plan to allow the plants a partial rest after the first blossoming — that is, as far as one can do so — but to a great extent we must depend on the weather. If August be dry, so much the better. As soon as the plants b^gin to send up those fine red shoots again, water should be liberally given, and, moreover, continued when the weather is dry, so that there be no check to the new growth. Liquid manure is also helpful, but must be applied in moderation. There is one great drawback to the late displays, and that is our plants are in rather a soft condition should severe weather appear early. Personally, I should remove all bloom from my plants after the middle of October, so as to assist the growth to harden, but I know many prefer to take the risk and allow the plants to blossom to their utmost. Danger from loss by frost to such plants can be avoided if they are lifted in November and heeled in under a north wall until March or April, then replanted, cutting back all the shoots to within an inch or so of the base. Hoeing must be well attended to in order that a good tilth may be obtained at all times. ESTABUSHEI> Roses planted out under glass must still be resting. This thorough baking of the wood will so ripen it that far better displays of bloom will be obtained next season. Xever mind if the soil cracks a little. This can all be put right when growth is commenced again. In the growing house vaporising with sulphur is necessary once a fortnight. Mildew is then completely baffled, and red spider held in abeyance. The green fly may be checked by timely fumigations- Syringing must not be neglected, and in no branch of horticulture is a young man's care or neglect of his work so manifest as when he alluws red spider to enter the houses under his charge. If small plants in 5-inch pols are potted on now into &-inch pots in good rich soil, they make nice serviceable plants to bloom next spring. Cuttings that were put into pots in a cold frame early in August will be now callused over, and where this is so they should be placed in a house or frame where bottom- beat can be applied, and when rooted potted up into 3-inch pots. Such little plants if carefully carried through the winter will make grand own-root plants another season. Most of the Tea and kindred Roses may be freely propagated In this way. OF.ANGE Fungus a5I> Black Spot have been especially troublesome this year. "VTbere plants are growing away unchecked in good deep beds there appears to be very little of these pests. Wherever it is ver>' bad I would advise deepening the beds, of course replanting if bushes are heakhy. This work can best be done at the end of October; '6 feet deep is none too much for a Rose bush in the seedling Briar, the most generally used stock. The best preventive for orange rust is Bordeaux mixture applied quite early with a very fine syringe, or, better still, with a Vermorel Knapsack Sprayer. I would advise the growing of more of the Tea and Hybrid Tea Rosea in gardens much troubled with orange rust. P. BOOKS. The Book of Garden Desigrn.*— This being VoL XXV. ot a series of handbooks of practical gardening, it may be excused for not going very deeply into the subject. There is good sense in Chapter II., "General Principles"; indeed, much of it may be of nse, but the whole book is slightly colourless, and reflects a pub- lisher's desire to include such a book in a series rather than an authors response to a want felt by the gardening public. The Vegetable Garden. +— The EogUsh edition of this book, publisbed under the direction of Mr. William Pvobinson, is a most valuable work, and stands pre-eminent among books on the subject of vegetables. It contains illustrations, descriptions, and cultural notes of the garden vegetables of cold and temperate climates. The arrangement is alphabetical, so that it is a simple matter to find any particular pUnt. First is given the botanical name and synonyms of the vegetable, then follow its French, German, Flemish, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese names, a full descrip- tion of the plant, and short cultural notes. The various uses of each vegetable are also given. ■ " The Book of Garden Design." Bj CbarleB Ibonger. (John Luje.) f " The Vegetable Garden." By MM. Vilmorin, ADdrieax et Cie, P&ris. Eoglish edition pablifebed ander the direction of Mr. William KobinsoD by John Murray, Albemarle Street, W. Price Ids. oeL August 26, 1905.] THE GAEDEN. 129 When treating of anch important kinds as Potato, Caoliflower, &c., a list of the best varieties is given. Messrs. Yllmorin, Andrieai and Co., Paris, the authors of this work, have bestowed much attention on the seed. The external character is carefnllr noted, and the actual size and relative weight are stated as preciselv as possible. Some valuable information is given' aa to the length of time the germinatina power of the seed of each species may be relied upon to continue active. The figures given, of CDurse, only represent an average, for the keeping power of seeds very largely depends upon the manner in which they were ripened and harvested, ilr. Robinson contributes a preface, in which he deplores the absence of the more delicate and nutritious vegetables from British gardens, which are often neglected in favour of the coarser kinds, ilr. Robinsou urges all who have gardens to fight against the deterioration of some of our best vegetables, which is imminent owing to the mania for size. Flavour is often their essential quality, and a change in size by adding to the watery tissue may destroy it. " The Tegetable Garden " is a complete and authoritative work upon all that concerns vege- tables, and stands unique among books on the subject. It should be on the bookshelf of every- one interested in vegetables, for it is not a book for the grower alone. John Grcparde's HerbaL — Messrs. Methuen's success in publishing a reproduction of Parkinson's " Paradisi in Sole Paradisna Terrestris " last year has decided them to take into consideration a proposal to issue a fac-aimile of " Gerarde's HerbaL" The edition is that of 1597, and it will be published subject to the subscription list reaching the required number. If this is forthcoming, Messrs. Methuen propose to reproduce word for word and page for page with the original, Gerarde's great book at the price of £3 33. net. On the day of publication the price will be raised to £i 43. Flora and Sylva,— The July number of Flora and Syli-a contains much instructive and interesting matter. It opens with a charming article on " In Lilac Time," which we intend to reproduce, and the article on "The Greater Trees of the Jforthem Forest '" includes this time the Sycamore Maple, accompanied by a beautiful engraving of the trees at Penshurst, Kent, Mr. Crane tells us about the Tioletta Pansies he is so greatly interested in, and there is a valuable article on new American Hawthorns. There is an illustration of the new yellow Meconopeis ^M. iotegrifolia), and many other articles and notes. The coloured plates are both by Mr. H. G. Moon, and comprise an exquisite drawing of Zygonesia rolfeana, and the new Xarcissi Lord Kitchener, Dewdrop, Tne Fawn, and Stmbeam. LEGAL POINTS, Male Sebvasts {Perpiej:ed). — These cannot be kept without a yearly licence — cost, los. , to be obtained at the post office. Licences must be obtained before the end of January, or within twenty-one days alter first becoming liable to duty. The term male servant includes any male servant employed in anv of the following capacities, viz., as maitre d'hotel, house steward, master of the horse, groom of the chambers, valet de chambre, butler, under-butler, clerk of the kitchen, confectioner, cook, house porter, footman , page, waiter, coachman, groom, postilion, stable- boy, or helper in the stables, motor-car driver, gardener, under-gardener, park-keeper, game- keeper, under - gamekeeper, huntsman, and whipper-in, or in any capacity involving the duties of any of the above description of servants ; but the term male servant does not include (a) a servant who being bond fide employed in some other capacity, is occasionally or partially employed in any of the said" duties. This exemption applies to persons who, being engaged and employed by one master, perform non-taxable work as their substantial employ- ment and taxable work in a minor degree only, as, for instance, apprentices who clean boots, or farm servants who are occasionally employed in grooming horses ; Ifi) a person bond nde engaged to serve for a portion cnly of each day and who does not reside in his employer's house. This exemption does not apply to those who serve in a taxable capacity for such ntmiber of hours daily as snmces for the performance of a fair day's work. Licences are not required — (1) By any oficer in his Majesty's army or navy for any servant employed in accordance with the regulations of his Majesty's service. (2j By any hotel-keeper, or refreshment housekeeper, for any servant wholly employed by him for the purpose of his business. (3) By any livery stable keeper, but duty must be paid for every servant employed to drive a carriage with any horse let for hire for any period exceeding twenty-eight days. As TO Storage of Petbolextm job Motob- CABS (J. J., Tunbridge Wdls). — Not more than 60 gallons may be stored at any one time. Xo portion of the storehouse may be used as a dwelling. Any person who proposes to keep petroleum in a storehouse within -Jf) feet of any other building not owned by him, or of any in- flammable material, must give notice lo the local authority for the district under the Petroleum Acts, who may give or refuse their consent. In London notice must be given to the London County Council, Spring Gardens. Petroleum must not be kept, used, or conveyed except in metal vessels. Every such vessel must bear the words " Petroleum spirit, highly inflammable,"' and must not hold more than 2 gallons. The vessel must not be filled in the presence of fire or artificial I'ght except a light of such construction as will not be liable to ignite any inflammable vapour. Yon had better get a copy of the Local Government Board regulations relating to motor- cars. Every owner of a motor should possess one. BcTLDiSG CoTBACT {An Anxious Xorict). — Building contracts should always be in writing. Disputes arise in connexion with most building contracts, and in the long run expense is saved by having a proper contract prepared in the first instance. The terms of a building contract should not conflict with the terms of the specification or application for tenders. Building contracts should provide : (1) As to the manner m which the work is to be done. f2) As to the time within which it is to be done. Building contracts usually provide that the builder shall pay a certain sum per day or week by way of liquidated damages if the work is not completed witiiin the stipulated period. A builder is usually entitled to a time allowance in the case of strikes, lock-outs, inclement weather, or default on the part of the employer. (3) As to the mode of payment. Building contracts usually provide that payment shall be made on the architect's certificates as to the progress of the works, and that the giving of such a certificate is to be a condition precedent to the builder's right to demand payment. (4) That the budder shall comply with the requirements of all local autho- rities. (5) That he shall indemnify the employer against any claims by workmen or others for damages. (6) As to the conditions under which extras and deviations are to be allowed. Building contracts usually provide that no extras or devia- tions shall be allowed except with the consent in writing of the architect. If the builder supplies extras without the authority of the employer or the architect (in cases where the latter has power to aathorise extras) he cannot recover. (7) That certain disputes shall be referred to t^e final decision of the architect. (S) That all other dis- putes shall be referred to arbitration. The form of contract which has been agreed upon between the Master Builders' Association and the Royal Institute of British Architects is sulEcient in most cases. Printed copies can be obtained at the institute on payment. TO ANSWERS CORRESPONDENTS. RULES FOE CORRESPONDENTS. Questions and Answers.— rsmtmit fa naAaMaito the ptimt itdift-on-Sea). — The shrub you have in mind is probably the Myro- balan or Cherry Plum (Prunus cerasifera). It is a good hedge plant, and, we think, would suit your purpose if there is plenty of room. It grows quickly, and makes a formidable and an excellent protective hedge ; it grows well near the sea. You might do worse than try Euonymus or Tamarix, both excellent hedge plants for the sea- side. Hornbeam grows quickly, and makes a good deciduous hedge. As you want a hedge in the shortest possible time, however, you can hardly do better than plant the Myrobalan or Privet. Give the plants a well-prepared and AUGU3T 26, 1905.1 THE GARDEN. 131 enriched border to grow in, and take care that they are never allowed to aufifer for want of water. Uoleaa these two latter details are attended to the plants will make slow progress. Plant in October. Shrubs for South-west and West Wall {Worcester). — Carpenteria californici would do well aa a wall plant under the conditions you name, but we should not recommend either of the Diphnea for the purpose. Insect {Mrs. L. W. Bancroft).— The inaeot which y"u enclosed is a specimen of the common hornet (Vespa crabro). The best way of destroy- ing the pests is to take their nest, which is generally made in some hollow tree or under the eaves of an outhou»e or barn, but they have been known to make one in a bank. You might catch a number of them in wide-mouthed bottles half filled with sugar and water or sugar and beer. — G. S. S. Ferns (7*. and P.). — There is no doubt that thrips are the cause of the injury to the enclosed Fern, for, though by the aid uf a glass we cannot find any perfect insects, traces of them are every- where very pronounced. Even the youngest fronds, which to the naked eye look fresh, are badly scored. We suspect it is the minute yellow thrips which have done the injury, as they are so small as to be scarcely noticed until the mis- chief is done. The XL AH Vaporiser is the most efifeetual remedy. Diseased Water Lilies (/. C). — Fumigate the place at intervals of say ten days or a fort- night for a time, and at the same time float some paraffin solution in the water in the tank. After a tew hours let in fresh water to gradually wash away the paraffin. By this means we think you could get rid of this dreadful peat, which is spoiling many of the choice Hybrid Water Lilies in ponds outdoors this season, where it is difficult to deal with it. Caterpillar {Skutterskelfe). — The caterpillar you sent is that of the common dagger moth (Acronyota psi), a very common insect. The caterpillars feed on Pear and a variety of other trees and shrubs. The moth is a very ordinary- looking grey one It measures not quite 2 inches across the open wings. Unless the caterpillars are very abundant they will not do any appreci- able harm. They are so conspicuous that if the tree is a small one they are best picked o£r by hand.— G. S. S. Sheep Manure for Roses {J. T.). — This would be an excellent manure to make liquid from ; but could you not add a bushel or so of cow manure with a small bag of soot? Then you would have a splendid fertiliser for your Rosea. Bat, failing these two last, then use the sheep manure alone. We believe in giving a change of food to the Rose plants, namely, one week that made from sheep manure, the next week from the ordinary farmyard manure, then a sprinkling of bone-meal. This latter is best applied early in spring and once again during summer, or immediately following the first b coming. The overflow liquid from a cesspool is an excellent fertiliser if used cautiously. All manure should be given weak and often rather than strong and seldom. Destroying Lawn Weeds {K. 6. B). — The part played by sulphate of ammonia when dressed on lawn weeds is to burn the foliage, because it is broad and the mineral rests upon it and thus destroys it. Grass, being erect and narrow, does not retain the mineral in that way. What is known as Watson's Liwn Sand, really strong minerals, acts in the same way. It does not follow, however, that while leafage is killed roots are alao. It is difficult to exterminate these except by adding to the centre of each weed or to the root-stalk a few drops of sulphuric acid or paraffin. Applications of both minerals aud acids should be made at once. Of course, it your lawn weeds are killed by the applications, large bare patches will be left to be filled by putting down fresh turf. The Bfst Red and White Currants {A. M. B.). — The best Red Currants for siz- are Fay's Prolific and La Vereaillaise. Riby Castlrt is the best late large red. The best white varieties are the Large Transparent and White Grape. The best red Raspberries are Superlative, a fine berry, and Semper Fidelia, for late use and conking. The best whites are The Guinea and Yellow Antwerp. The best autumn Raspberry is the red Belle de Fontenay. Currant Bush Shoots {A. M. B ). — The shoots from your Currant buahea which you aent show that the bushes are in far from vigorous growth, having a quantity of lichens on them and a certain amount of a fungus which probably is not a true parasite, but is merely growing on the dying tissues of the shoots. I should imigine that there was something wrong with the drain- age, and that the soil was too poor and wet, or are the bushes planted too close together, so that they do not get enough sun and air ? Or are they too near large trees ? Try some in a different part of the garden. — G. S. S. Caterpillars on Cabbages (Broadjord). — It does not seem possible for anyone to devise a desirable method of destroying caterpillars on Cabbages of appreciable size without rendering the Cabbages useless. Were any kind of liquid or powder applied sufficiently potent to destroy the pests it must either kill or poison the Cabbages. In the case of very young Cabbages it should be possible to hand pick the Caterpillars from them. The only safe application, so far as we know, although its power to kill the insects is not assured, is to sprinkle fine salt over the Cabbages at night time, then well wash it off with drenchings of clear water in th« morning. In districts where the Cabbage moth (Mamestra bra8>icae) is usually prevalent it it be not possible to catch and destroy them before they have deposited their eggs on the plants, the only other coarse open is to cover the bed with very fine netting, k-eping it on framework 12 inches above the Cabbages. Hand pick now all you can. Onions Diseased (A Constant Header oj " The O'lrden"). — Your Ooions are attacked by the grubs of the Ouion fly (Phorbia cepetorum). It is not an easy pest to deal with, for, as soon as the grub is within the bulb, there is no means of killing it without destroying the bulb. When Ouions are sown in drills they should be earthed up well over the necks, in order to prevent the flies getting to the bulbs and laying their eggs on them. Spraying the plants with paraffin emul- sion ia a very useful preventive of an attack ; it should not be used too strong, and should be applied when the planta are quite small. The operation should be repeated two or three times at intervals of, say, a week or ten days, oroftener if there has been heavy rain, which will have washed the plants clean. The infested plants may generally be noticed, as they turn yellow, droop, and wither. When this is the case they should be at once removed. Do not pull them up, or some of the grubs will be left in the ground. Take them up carefully with a spud or trowel, and put them in a basket from which the grubs cannot fall out. Burn them, or bury them not less than a foot below the surface. — G. S. S. Working Hours for Gardeners {Amateur). The working hours of a jobbing gardener are ten hours a day, exclusive of meal times. The usual hours for those in private places are from Gam. to 6 p.m. in summer, and from 7 am. to 5 p.m. in winter ; but, of course, for a short time it must be from light to dark, when there ia no breakfast-time, but one hour in the middle of the day. In a garden there must be a good deal of giving and taking In many gardens the men employed work much later — indeed, till daik. Sjme work cannot be done when the sun is bright. Again, 7 a.m. to begin when employed regularly is much too late, and it is not usual. The chief alteration in the time of late years has heen to leave a little earlier on a Saturday and 5 30 at night ; but this ia mostly in towna, and subject to an arrangement with the employer, and one hour and a half onlv is allowed for meala when the work is left at 5 30 p.m. in aummer. We ahould add that a jobbing gardener should be at the work, and not allow for coming or going, in the ten hours, unless you agree to diff'erent terms. Treatment of Asparagus {D. D.). — The failure of a portion of the roots in your new Asparagus bed is by no means an uncommon occurrence with three-year-old plants, especially if the plants were sent a distance, or had got dried. Such plants need very careful lifting and packing. The present time is suitable to mark the vacant spaces by placing small sticks in the bed where the plants have failed, and it will then be an easy pUn next spring, early in April, to plant young plants in the spaces required. Some growers make losses good by dropping seed here and there. We do not advise it, as the seedlings are so long before they are fit for use, and the bed is patchy. It is far better to plant three- year old roots. You see, when the plants this season have made their growth and died down, unless vou mark the places now you have nothing to work upon, that is why we advise doing this work now. At the planting time be sure the plants do not get dried. Let them be exposed as short a time as possible, and water afterwards if the weather is dry, covering the bed with short litter should a dry period follow planting. Rehmannia angulata {Aberdeen). — We have not published a coloured plate of Rehmannia angulata, but a woodcut showing part of a spike appeared in The Garden, May 9, 1903, while as recently as July 8 of this year there is a rather lengthy note referring to its beauty at Kew and other matters. Briefly, it may be described as an erect-growing plant, usually from 2 feet to 3 feet in height, but sometimes more. The flowers, which are produced from the axils of the leaves on the upper half of the shoots, are very like those of Incarvillea Delavayi in shape, or, to use a more homely comparison, somewhat in rhe way of the Snapdragon. They are about 3 inches across the expanded mouth, rose-purple in colour, and a yellow throat spotted with deep purple. As the spike lengthens a succession of flowers is kept up therefrom for some time. It is strictly a herbaceous perennial, and hardy in many southern districts, but it is scarcely likely to prove so with you. A structure from which frost is just excluded in the winter and nothing more will suit it well, but it is hardly a subject that we should recommend for window culture, aa the stems would be liable to get weak and drawn. It ia not at all particular as to its potting compost, and thrives well in a mixture of loam and leaf-mould with a little sand. This Rehmannia is a native of Central China, and its introduction we owe to Messrs. James Veitch and Sons of Chelsea, through their collector, Mr. E. H. Wilson. Names of Plants.— 4. E. C— Clematis Viticella. Mu8 Hampson. — Lepidium latif >Hum H. Co"k. — The SpirsQii n t in flower is S. Thunbergi ; the other is S. Hiimaida. C. E. S. — Begonia haageana. Colonel Smythe. — The name of the Rose is White Maman C.)chec ; it is oue of the best Tea Ujses in cultivation. F . E. — 1, AdiMUtum Mariesi ; 2, A. Capillus-veneris ; 3, A. decorum ; 4, GymnoEfamma Piercei ; 5, Adiantum lunulatnm. J. N T — Calystegiahederacea. Sojourner. — Lysimachia clethroide?. S. B. — 1, Rudbeckia lacioiata Golden Glow ; 2, R. speciosa ; 3. R. californica ; i, R. laciniata ; 5, R. sub- tomentusa; 6, Echinacea purpurea; 7, R'tmneya Coulteri; 8, Hemerocaltis fulva var. Kwanso ; 9. Helianthns multi- Uoras fl. pi.; 10, H. multiflorus ; 11. 12, and 13, garden forms of Phlox paniculata. IF. C.— The plant is Alyssnm maritinum. Ic is propagated either by seeds sown in spring or by cuttings, but the former method is the most satisfacto'y. V. reprodnces itself in the open freely, seedlings coming up thickly around where it was growing the previous year. Also known as Kueniga maritiraa, the dwarf variety btifig increased by means of cuttings. G. H. Cr. Louth. — Dendrobium dalhousieanum. Short Replies.— .4. Shann.— The bird is the Willow Wren. 132 THE GARDEN. tAuGUST 26, 1905. SOCIETIES. rotal horticitltural society. Fhuit Committee. Present : Mr. G. Bunyard (chairman), Messrs. W. Bates, S. Mortimer, Alex. Dean, William Pope, G. Keif H J Wright, H. Markham, H. Parr, F. Q. Lane, J. Jaques 0. Thomas, A. H. Pearson, and J. Cheal. Awards. Tomatoes were the chief feature before the committee, and for these seven awards of merit were given. They were for Norfolk Hero.— A line smooth red of medium size, well coloured, and a heavy fruit. From Mr. G. W. Miller Clark^on Nurseries, Wisbech. ' Holmes:' Supreme.— TWk is now well known. The fruits shown were larger than those generally seen. It is one of the best croppers, and finishes well. From Messrs. Barr and Sons. Also from Messrs. Hurst and Sons, Houndsditch. Fillbasket.—A smaller fruit of perfect shape, and bright in colour, from Laxton Brothers, Bedford. NeiD Bed.— A large fruit, heavy and very juicy, from Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea. Frince of Wales. — Another fine, rather large round red, of perfect shape, from Messrs. Sutton and Sons, Reading.' Sati.';factio7i. — lo this the fruits varied in shape, but it is a splendid viriety. From Messrs. Sucton and Sons. Cherry fellow.— A small yellow in large clusters. From Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons. Peach Violet Hatiee.— After many years this fine old variety has been honoured with a flrst-class certificate. It is unnecessary to describe it except to say that the twenty- four fruits shown were excellent. They were from Mr. R. Mount«ford, East Sheen. First-class certificate. Pen The Scots7nan.—A large-podded prolific variety of good quality. Award of merit. Pea The Bell —Another prolific variety, with Peas of large size, but hardly so good in Savour. These were from Messrs. Bell and Bieberstedt, Leith. Award of merit. Five awards of merit were given to the following Potatoes : Ideal.— A kidney of firm texture and good shape. From Messrs. Laxion Brothers. May Queen.— Kldaey. From Messrs. Hurst and Sons. An excellent variety. Rouge Royale.—A pink-skinned kidney of great promise. From Messrs. D ibhie and Son, Mirks Tey. Epicure.-A round variety with rather deep eyes. From Messrs. Sutton and Sons. British Queen.— A good variety, already known as a parent of some of the best newer sorts. From Mr. J. F. Williamson, Mallow, Ireland. From Mr. J. W. Scarlet, Edinburgh, came good samples of some of the best new sorts, among which were Russett Queen, a cross between Royal Russett and British Queen, something after Schoolmaster in shape ; the pro- duce of one root shown was represented by twenty tubers. Southern Star well sustainingal] that was said in its favour when seen last autumn. Midlothian Eirly is another variety of great promise. From Messrs. Cross and Son, Wisbech, came some verj' large tubers of Dalmeny Radium. Mr William Cuihbertson (of Dohbie and Co.) showed haulms of The Factor and Xyne Kidney of remarkable vigour. Mr. George Keif (gardener to Miss Adamson), South Villa Regent's Park, won the Hogg Memorial Medal for a grand collection of fruit, which included Grapes, Peaches, Plums (in several varieties), and some irees in pots loaded with fruit. Melons, Figs, and Pears, certainly a grand lot especially considering it was grown in London. ' Messrs. G. Bunyard and Co., Maidstone, put up a most interesting collection of Apples, all well finished and fit for immediate use. Silver-gilt Knightian medal. TITRRIFF HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. The annual show at Turriff on the Ist inst. was one of a high class, and passed off very successfully, this being largely due to the fine exhibits made by the professional gardeners connected with such mansions as those of Auchint'iul, Delgaty, Forglen, Eden, Hatton, and Mount- blairy. The pot plants in particular were exceedingly good, and the prizes were well divided among these com- petitors. Cut flowers were excellent, hut the fruit and vegetable classes appeared to have fewer entries than usual, probably owing to the nature of the season. Mr. 6. A. Duff of Hatton performed the opening ceremony. WEST DERBY. This annual show was held in the Rectory grounds on the 7th inst., and compared favourably with those in former years, both in number of entries and quality. For twelve bunches of half-hardy annuals, distinct, Mr George Osborne, gardener to Dr. Cook, won with good examples. For the same number of herbaceous cut flowers the same exhibitor was to the fore, having good Lilium auratum. Phlox, Coreopsis, dec. For twelve spikes of Gladiolus Mr. G. Osborne again led and also for six distinct cut R >8es. ' For twelve vases of Sweet Peas Mr. H. Ogden had the best, and for the bouquet of flowers. For twelve distinct varieties of vegetables Mr G Osborne won, having good Beet, Onions, French Beans Potatoes, &c. For six distinct varieties Mr. G. Firkins, gardener to W. Bartlett, Eiq., led, and held the same position for two dishes of culinary Peas. Mr. H. Ogden had the best dish of Tomatoes. For six disbts of hardy fruits Mr. G. Osborne won with a good even lot, and also scored for six table plants, one foliage plant, with a well-grown Croton, two pots of Liliums, two dowering Geraniums, one Palm, and for four stove or greenhouse plants, having good Crotons, Lantana, and Fuchsia. For the group not to exceed 100 square feet three good lots were set up, Mr. G. Osborne having the premier collection, his centre being excellent, and telling pyramids. The remaining awards went to Mr. J. Knowles and Mr. H. Ogden. Mr. C. A. Young staged a flue lot of cut Carnations not for competition. The arrangements were ably carried out under the supervision of Mr. C. A. Young (chairman), Mr. J. Flint (treasurer), Mr. Arthur Rose (secretary), and Mr. C. F. Wearing (assistant secretary). Fraser, Lindsay, Troup, and Moncur. In the latter the priticipal winners were Messrs. J. Davidson, G Clark R. D Scott, and J. and W. Duffus. The weather was unsatisfactory, but the show passed off well. MAINS AND STRATHMARTINE. This society held its annual show at Downfleld on the 6th inst., the exhibition being much finer than those of most former years. Both quality and tastefulness in arrangement showed signs of improvement, and the good work done by the society is becoming increasingly evident. Flowers were the leading feature, but vecetables, pot plants, and fruit were of excellent quality. Much interest was displayed in the vegetable competition, Mr. D. M. Kerr of Claverhouse having again entered the competition for the Carmichael Silver Cup, he having already won it twice. He was again successful, so that the cup now becomes his property. STRICHEN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The annual show was held recently in the Mart Buildings at Strichen, and proved one generally equal to any of its pre- decessors, although a few classes, such as for window plants were not so good as usual. Cut flowers, as at many other northern shows, are exceedingly well exhibited here, and there was an excellent display. Fruit and vegetables were also highly creditable. Among the leading prize winners for pot plants were Dr. Trail, Mr. James Salter Mr W Calder, Mr. A. Mitchell, Mr. A. Walker, and Mr. J. Milne" for cut Bowers, Mr. A. Walker, Mr. James Hepburn Dr' Trail, and Mr. J. R. Smith ; for fruit and vegetables, H""- ^; ^J'^^'' *^- ■'• K- Smith, Mrs. Gill, Dr. Trail, and Mr. W. Thomson. CLEPINGTON. An excellent show was made by this society on the 5th inst., practically all classes being well contested, and showing evidence of high cultural skill. Cut flowers had been affected by the dry season, but, on the other hand, pot plants were much above the average. In this depart- ment Mr. R. H. Lotv, who was among the most successful competitors in other departments also, took the greatest number of prizes. Vegetables were of high quality. FIFE AND KINROSS ROSE SHOW. The annual show of the Fife and Kinross Rose, Pansy, and Viola Society was held at Cowdenbeath on the 5th inst. In addition to the classes for R tses, Pansies, and Violas, other flowers, pot plants, and vegetables were also exhibited. Taken altogether, the show was a marked advance upon its predecessors, both in numbers and quality. In the nurserymen's classes the e.thlbits of Messrs. J. Simpson and Sons and Messrs. D. and W. Croll, Dundee, were greatly admired, and were of high quality. The amateurs also showed well, and among the leading prize-takers were : Mr. J. Pearson, Milnathort ; Mr. J Lister, Halbeath ; Mr. L. Black and Mr. D. Miller, Kinglassie ; Mr. J. Hutt, Cardenden ; and Mr. J. Herd, BowhiU. LOCHEE. This society held its annual show at Lochee, Dundee, on the 11th inst., and it was quite equal to that of last year but the season having been an unfavourable one there was a falling off in cut flowers. The strongest section was that for vegetables, in which were many fine exhibits and a strong competition Onions were exceptionally good and Mr. A. Smith was first in the leading class, Mr. James Scott coming second with a good exhibit. Collections were also good, the first prize falling to Mr. Orcheston ; Mr. Alex. Beddie came second. P.it plants were well shown, and such popular plants as Fuchsias, British Ferns foliage plants, and Begonias were highly creditable. The window - box competition brought out some capital exhibits, reflecting much credit upon the growers in this busy industrial district. GLAMIS SHOW. This show was held on the 12th inst, a distinguished company, including the Countess of Strathmore, gracing it with their presence. The show was an excellent one in its various departments, and generally equal to those of former years. In the vegetable department the leading winners were Messrs. M'Ewan, Crichton, W. Batchelor, Rennie, and Simpson. In the flower classes, Messrs. Martin, Hogg, M'Ewan, Simpson, Crichton, Panton, Bitchelor, and Smith. In the fruit classes, Messrs. Rennie, Crichton, Panton, Anderson, Simpson, and Hogg. EDINBURGH WORKING MEN'S FLOWER SHOW. The annual show under the auspices of the Edinburgh Working Men's Horticultural Society was held in the Corn Exchange, Edinburgh, on the 12th inst. This was the forty- first e.xhibiiion held by the society, which has done valu- able Work in fostering a taste for horticulture in the city. A valuable feature of the society's work is the encourage- ment given 10 the cultivation of flowers in the most densely populated areas in the old town of Edinburgh, and the prizes offered for plants cultivated within that district have done much to encourage the growth of flowers there. Some of the exhibits from these densely populated quarters were highly creditable to the cultivators. The show, as a whole, was a very good one, and a class for small tables of plants arranged for at the suggestion of the Scottish Horticultural Association, was highly successful. The entries in p'liiitof numbers were hardly so good as last year, but various causes not likely to recur account for the deflciency in this respect, and the quality was of a really high class. Cut flowers were excellent, pot plants were generally very creditable, and the Ferns were unusually fine. At this season, when pressure upon space is great, a detailed list of the principal prizetakers cannot be given, but it may be mentioned that among the winners were Mr. J. C. Brown, Mr. W. Y. Bryson, and Mr. T. Rodgers. CULTER HORTICULTURAL. The above society held its show at Milltimber recently and was, on the whole, a good one, although it is to be regretted that there whs a falling off in the number of entries. This is less to be regretted on account of the high quality of the exhibits as a whole. The leading prize winner in the classes for professionals was Mr. Jamieson, Hawkhill. The amateurs were divided into two classes — those with fi^st-class gardens and those with third-class ones. In the former the leading winners were Messrs. LLANISHEN AND DISTRICT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. LLANISHEN Is a pleasantly-situated suburb of Cardiff and it was here in the Vicarage field that this society, which 18 affiliated with the Cardiff Horticultural Society, on the 9.h iust., held its seventh annual show, the exhibits being arranged in three spacious tents. The schedule comprised 127 classes, but we have only space for a description of a ftw of the exhibits. Group of Plants in 60 square feet : There were three bright round arrangements, composed of well-grown plants that are usually used for this purpose. Mr. Setter (gardener to J. Harman, E^q.) was first, followed by Mr. H. Rees (gardener to J. C. Downing, Esq.) and Mr Matthews (gardener to W. H. Cullen, E-q). Twelve tuberous-rooted Begonias: Three competitors staged in this class, and it is not too much to say that the first prize plants, brought by Mr. Matthews, were superb, fine large specimens of splendid varieties, perfectly culti- vated. Mr. Downing was second with but slightly inferior plants. Six Gloxinias : Similar remarks as above respecting cultural skill apply to this class, and amongst six fxhibl- tors Mr Setter took the lead, closely followed by Bishop Hedley's gardener and Mr. Hawkins (gardener to H. J Ensor, Esq.). Roses, twelve blooms, were only fairly good, the best being from Jlr. W. N. Lewis and Mr. J. Porter, who were placed first and second ; but Carnations made a good class, Mr. P.irter being placed first amongst five exhibitors, and Mr. Watkins second. Cactus Dahlias, twelve blooms, were very creditably staged by five competitors, especially so by Mr. W. Bolton, juo., and Mr. Nichols, who were respectively first and second. Asters, twelve blooms : The leaders (Mr. Porter and Mr. W. Bjlton, jun.), amongst eight who staged in this class, set up really grand, fresh, well-finished blooms. T*elve bUQches of Stocks also made a capital claaa, Mr. R. Went being placed first amongst five who staged. Sweet Peas, six varieties : Here Mr. W. Allen was first with a good set, Mr. C. R. Harrison a close second, and Mr. Lewis third. Perennials or annuals, in twelve kinds, made a showy class. First, Mr. Gongh ; second, Mr. Went ; third, Mr. Downing. The leading exhibitor staged a choice selection of perennials. Six bunches of herbaceous plants were best from Mr. Hawhens, who was closely followed by the Rev. W. Davey. Table decorations were arranged by seven competitors, who exhibited in most instances good taste. Miss Lewis, Church Terrace, Llanishen, was deservedly placed first with an arrangement of Sweet Peas ; Miss Biiud was a gO"d second. Many special prizes were offered, including some for a collection of vegetables, by Messrs. Sutton and Sons, Reading ; Messrs. Wheeler and S m, Gloucester ; Slessrs. Ciibran and Son, Altrincham ; Mr. G. Wells, Llanishen ; and Mr. W. E. Walker, Cardiff. Many good exhibits were staged for these coveted prizes. Trade exhibits were excellent, and attracted much attention. Messrs. H. and W. Evans, Llanishen, secured a silver medal for a large and excellent collection of herbaceous and other flowers, and Mr. Stephen Treseder, Cardiff, had a similar award for a beautiful bank of Roses. Certificates were awarded to Mr. W. Treseder, Cardiff, and also to Messrs. Phelps and Co., Cardiff, who each arranged effective groups of miscelUneous stove and other plants and cut flowers. Mr. G. Wells staged, not for competition, a large collection of zonal Geraniums, Gloxinias, and Begonias, which made a bright display. August 26, 1905.] THE GARDEN. GLORY OF LEYDEN, 30/- 100; 4/6 doz.; 5d. each. DAFFODILS A Great Speciality. TV/E grow almost every Daffodil worthy of cultivation, and holding' large stocks, ean offer them at the Lwest prices. For quality see what the Rev. Engleheart, the greatest hybridizer and raiser of new Narcissi, says : — " I enclose cheque for the bulbs safely to hand. I consider them a remarkably fine sample ; indeed, as good as could be grown." NOTE THE FOLLOWING PRICES, A FULL 1 1ST READY NOW. GmperOF, largest forcing size, 70/- per 1,000, 8/- per 100, 1/2 dozen. „ first size, 55/- per 1,000, 6/- per 100, i/- dozen. Empress, largest forcing size, 70/- per 1,000, 7/6 per 100, 1/3 dozen. Horsfieldii, largest forcing size, 50/- per 1,000, 6/- per 100, i/- dozen. Barri Conspicuus, extra selected, 25/- per 1,000, 3/- 100, 6d. dozen. Beauty, 12/- 100, 1/9 dozen. Sir Watkin, extra size, 50/- 1,000, 5/5 100, rod. dozen. CHOICER VARIETIES. J. B. M. Camm, 40/- 100, 5/- dozen, 6d. each. Duchess of Westminster, 25/- per 100, 3/6 dozen. Madame de Graaff, 20/- dozen, i/g each. Gloria Mundi, 2/9 each. King Alfred, £3 3s. each. Weardale Perfection, 25/- each. Duke of Bedford, 25/- each. liUl'Brorth, 15/- dozen, 1/6 each. J. R. PEARSON & SONS, Ghilwell Nurseries, Lowdham, NOTTS. ^^^ iuY DIRECT FROM THE Makers^ • (Tp W flAOnPN OURABILITV /^(lIowed bv Mr. A. E. Holway, gardener to J. 3. Blundall, Esq., Ltrkfield. Orchids were be-^t shown by Messrs. Heath and Son, Mr. Adamson coming second. Six Ferns : Here Mr. Baker again led amongst six exhibitors with large plants, Mr. Cooper, gardener to Sir W. H. Marling, Ledbury Park, Chepstow, being placed second with better gniwn though smaller plants. There were four en'ries for sis zonal Geraniums. Mr. T. E. Prosser, gardener to Captain C -rfleld, taking the lead, followed by Mr. A. M. Pmchin, gardener to M. Burdelt, Eq. Sweet Peas, twelve, glasses : Amongst ten exhibitors A. E. Mullens, Esq., Chepstow, took chief honours with lead- ing varieties. The (lowers were staged with their own foliage. Mr. Pinchin was second, and Mr. Evans, eardener to J. Wanklyn, Esq., third. Sweet Peas arranged for effec^ : Here, associated with seven exhibitors, A. E Mullens, Esq., was agiin deservedly pliced first with a beautiful Arrangement of choice varieties ; second, Mr. Smilhaon, Newport; third. Mr. Evans. Twelve Cactus Dahlias : This made an excellent class, Messrs. Heath and Sous being first with a fine set of large, well-flnished blooms; second, Mr. Buckland. There were seven entries. Twelve border Carnations and Picotees: Seven exhibltnrs also entered in this class, the Rev. N. S. Birthropp being first and Mr. Cooper second ; third, Mr. S. Phillips. For twelve kinds of herbaceous flowers Messrs. Heath and Son easily led with a choice set, and Mr. BAer followed amongst five exhibitors. Roses, twelve, distinct : These were best shown by Messrs. Heath and Son and Messrs. Pillinger and Co., Chepstow, Hybrid Teas being chiefly staged. Epergne of flowers : Four fairly good entries were made in this class, there being little difference in Ihem in pnint of merit. Mr. Biker was first, followed by Mrs. H. H. Clay, Miss Dorothy Price being third. Table decorations were better than they usually are at Chepstow. Mrs. H. H. Clay, who used Jean Pernet Roses alone with their foliage, deservedly secured the lead ; second, Mrs. Mullens, who also had a pretty table ; third, Miss D. Price, who used Sweet Peas. Mr. Adamson was first for eight dishes of fruit, his best dishes being Black Hamburiih and F.-ster's Seedling Grapes, Walburton Admirable Peaches, Pitmaston Orange Nectarines, and Apiicots ; Mr. Baker was second, and Mr. Cooper a close third. Three bunches of black Grapes : In this class there were six eutriea, Mr. Parry, gardener to D. C. Lysaughr., Eiq., being first with the best Grapes in the show, viz , one bunch of Madresfleld Court, and two bunches of Black Hamburgh ; Mr. Adamson was second with one bunch of Gros Maroc and two of Appley Towers All the remaining entries were Black Hamburgbs, more or less badly coloured. Mr. Adamson was first for Peaches with a fine dish of Walburton Admirable, followed by Mr. Baker. The best collection of vegetables came from Mr. Biker, and this notwithstanding that it was minus a dish of Peas, Mr. Hidway being a close second. Potatoes were splendidly shown, Mr. Cooper being first for six varieties with a grand set, composed of The Factor, Sir J. Llewelyn, Beauty of Hebron, Up-to-Date, Duke of York, and Duchess of Cornwall. CARDIFF GARDENERS' ASSOCIATION. Summer Outing to the King's Acre Nurseries. The members of the Cardiff Gardeners' Association, to the number of over sixiy, selected Hereford as the rendezvous for their ninth annual outing recently, and were highly pleased with their brief impressions of the cathedral city and neighbourhood. The party, which included Mr. Battram (vice-president), Mr. R. Mayne (chairman), Mr. C. E. Collier (vice-chairmati), Mr. J. Julien (hun. secretary), and Mr. Thomas Malpass (hon. treasurer), started from Ctrdiff in saloon carriages soon after eight o'clock, and after a capital run arrived at Hereford at 9 37, where they were met by some of the principdl ufficii*ls of the King's Acre Nurseries, namely, Mr. Middiebrooke, Mr. R. Cross, Mr. Lovelock, and Mr. Dawson Smith, as well as by Mr. E. Wilson, head gardener to the Herefi»rd Corporation, and representatives of With's Chemical Manure Company. Outside the station were five spacious brakes supplied by the Green Dragon Posting Company to convey the holiday makers to the King's Acre Nurseries, but before proceeding there a detour was made to St. Owen Street, where the new Town Hall was thoroughly inspected, Mr. Wilson and the courteous hall-keeper proving themselves to be admirable cicerones. A pleasant drive afterwards followed to King's Acre Nurseries, where the members were received by Mr. M. Peake (the genial secretary), Mr. Middiebrooke, Mr. R. Cross, Mr. W. J. Sherlock, Mr. Dawson Smith, Mr. Baynham, and others. The visitors, going in parties of five or more, made a complete tour of the nurseries, which are among the oldest in the kingdom, being established as far back as 1786 by the late Mr. Cranston. Until quite recently they were known as Cranston's Nurseries, and the name " King's Acre " has for over a hundred years been a famous one In horticultural centres in a greater degree owing to its reputation for the culture and production of R ises. Upon the handsome lawn stands a very old Cedar tree, beneath which was originally suggested the idea of a National Rise Society, The suggestion, which was destined to have so much importance in the Rose-growing world, was made by Mr. John Cranston (now of Fownhope), Mr. William Paul of Waltham Cross, and Mr. George D'vison (then a well-known nurseryman in the county). Ai King's .Vcre alone the company own considerably over 100 acres. Numeruus photographs having been taken, the brakes were again requisitioned to convey the party back to Hereford, where the King's Acre Nursery Company generously entertained the society to luncheon at the Imperial Hotel, Widemarsh Street. Mr, Peake, who presided, proposed the success of "The Cardiff Gardeners' Association," and Mr. Julien, in response, spoke of the advance the association had made during the last ten years, and stated that both numerically tnd financially it had never been in a better position (applause). He had great pleasure in confirming the remarks made by the chaiiman with respect to Mr. Seton, the managing director, who (in conjunction with Mr. Henry Ripley) initiated the company. The hon. secretary was heartily thanked for the admir- able way he had conducted the arrangements throughout. DYSART HORTICULTURAL, This society held its annual show in the grounds of Dysart House, kindly granted by Sir Michael B. Nairn, Birt,, on the 12t.h inst. As on some former occasions, the principal prizes fell to Mr. John Colville, Pathhead, with the result that the Nairn Cup now becomes his property, he having won it for three years in succession. In several classes the competition was very keen, and such C'lm- petitors as Messrs. R. Christie, G. Patterson, H. M 'rrison, J. Hughes, J. Chalmers, and R. Barclay had splendid exhibits. Mr. A. Grierson, links Street, Kirkcaldy, was awarded the first prize for the best kept and cropped vegetable garden. PERTH WORKING MEN'S GARDEN. The annual show in connection with the above society ^as held on the Moncreiffe Island, Perth, on the 12th inst. The show was a good one, and the exhibits in almost every department would have done credit to those with greater facilities than are available to the members of this society. Among the leading prize takers were Messrs. J^mes Gow, \V. Bruce, D. Mortimer. A. Jones, T. G. Wallace, T. Guthrie, F. Stewart, and D. Leitch. Sir R. Pullar opened the show. CARRUTHERSTOWN. The entries at this show, held on the 12th inst., were rather fewer than those of last year, but it is gratifying that the exhibits were of finer quality. The open classes were hardly so well competed for as they should be, and the principal winners here were Mr. W. S >mervtlle, White- cruft ; Mr. D. MKellar, Kirkwood ; and Mr. R. J. Murray, Denbie. In the other classes the competition was much stronger, and some very good produce was shown. Vege- tables were very good, and the prizes well divided amung a number of competitors. Cut flowers here were very good also, and Messrs. J. and W. Tweedie were the moat successful. OBITUARY. LATE NOTES. Mr. EICHAED DEAN, V.M.H. At the moment of goio^ to press we are grieved 10 bear of the death nf Mr. Richard Dean, at the age of seventy-six. Few names were more widely known in horticultural circles, and bis knowledge 'if florists' flowers was considerable. Mr. Dt-au was, at the time of bis death, secretary of the National Chrysanthemum Society and a member of the floral committee of the Royal Horticul- tural Society. A man of strong personality has gone from among us. Mr. Dean was in the first list of the Victoria Medallists of Honour. Mr. JOHN BOUSFIELD. Mr. John BonsriELD, who died recently at the Hge of ninety-three, was one of the founders of the Dtrlingcon Horticultural Society. It is iuteiesling to know that he had lived under five monarchs, and bad seen eight Bishops of Durham. Henry Eckfopd testimonial.— The contributions to this fund up the evening of the 19ib inst. are as follows : Previously acknow- ledged l,0-22Js. ; Mr. E. T. Cook, lOJi. ; Mr. C. Cressly, 5<. ; Mr. R. Dean, 10|a ; Messrs. Dobbie and Co., 21s. ; Mr. P. Murray Thomson, lOa. ; and Mr. Cbarles Webster, 5^. Ipomoea pubpo - csepulea. — This Ipomcei, about which there has been considerable correspondence within the last year or two, is still a delightful object in No. 4 greenhouse at Kflw, where for some time it has proved a great centre of attraction. The plants under notice are allowed to mingle with some vigorous speci- mens of Asparagus plumosus, and the feathery sprays serve as a delightful setting to the indescribable yet cbarmiug blue flowers of the Ipomtea. In ordering the supply of flower seeds for the year a few pence may well be spared for a packet of Ipomoei rubro.cserulea, for though it is not everywhere a success out of doors, under glass it is very beautiful. — H. P. Intepnational Hopticultupal Show in PaPls. — By way of completing its arrangements for 1905, the National Horiicul- tural Society of Fiance, which held a very successful show in Paris last May, is now making active preparations for a grand international autumn show. The site, already well known to numerous English visitors, is the old Palace of Horticulture of the Universal Exhibition of 1900, no«^ more generally known as the greenhouses of the Cours la Reine, running alongside the Seine to the left of the Champ-i Elysiies. Several other events of horticultural interest, which are men- tioned below, will take place in conjunction with this show. It is international, and exhibits from foreigners are invited in the numerous classes provrded by the schedule. There will be no entry fees for foreigners. The schedule, which can be obtained on application to the Secretary, 84 rue de Grenelle, Paris, is divided into ten separate sections. The first section is for Chrysanthe- mums, seventy-four classes being allotted to seedlings, cut blooms, and pot plants. The second section comprises flowering plants in pots, thirteen classes. Oihers are for Orchids, exhibits in the floral art, fruit, fruit trees, ornamental trees and shrubs, vegetables, fine arte, and horti- cultural sundries. Books and gardening publica- tions relative to the flowers, fruits, and plants exhibited are also invited. The show will open on November 4 next, and close on the 12th of the same month. Go the first day of the show the French National Chrysanthemum Society will hold its annual conference in the hall of the National Horticultural Society. There will be two sittings of the conference, viz., on Novem- ber 4 and 5. The agenda contains ten sub- jects upon which papers are expected to be read and discussions invited. The chief of these are the uses of the Chrysanthemum for decorating gardens and apartments ; the best means of preventing damping ; the use of the repertory of colours in describing Cbrysan- themuuis ; means to promote the culture of the Chrysanthemum ; best composts for pot culture ; the best means to keep cut blooms; packing; and practical means to obtain stiff' stems. New seedlings at this show will be judged by a special jary, the Paris rules being adopted, i e., five blooms of each novelty with not less than 16 inches to 20 inches of stem with foliage. No commenda- tions will be awarded, only certificates. On November 6 the Pomological Society of France «ill hold its forty-sixth session. This, too, will take place in the hall of the National Horticul- tural Society of France. A long list of subjects relative to pomology and to the business of the society has been drawn up for consideration by the meeting. *** Tfie Yearly Siibscnption to THE GARDBN i'*: Inland, 68. lid. ; Foreign, 8: »d. GARDEN. -^"^ No. 1763.— Vol. LXVIII. September 2, 1905. THE SHREWSBURY SHOW. THE thirty-first annual exhibition of the Shropshire Horticultural Society — widely known as the Shrewsbury Floral Fete— was held last week, and once again delighted all who visited it. Shrewsbury Show to the provinces is as the Temple Show to the metropolis ; it is visited by gardeners from all parts of the kingdom, and almost every county sends its competitor. It is, more- over, the occasion for a holiday for thousands of persons in the Midlands, and crowds throng the tents and the beautiful Quarry grounds on each of the two days. The Shropshire Horticultural Society works on a scale unequalled by any other provincial or metropolitan society. At the exhibition held last week over £1,200 in cash was given away in prizes, besides silver vases and cups and medals. Last year the society's income was over £4 500, the gate-money alone being more than £2,000, and the attendance on the second day was 70,000. Some thirty years ago, when the show was instituted, the value of the prizes was less than £100. From all its exhibitions the society has received more than £85,000. Although the profits have not been exceptional, owing to the large expenses, the sum of £7,000 has been spent in beautifying the Quarry grounds, in donations to charitable institutions, &c. At a cost of £1,086 the society provided the statue of Charles Darwin that stands in front of the school where he was educated — now a public librwy— and thus gave to the town a fitting memorial of her most famous son. The unexampled success of this horticultural society is chiefly due to the eflForts of the honorary secretaries, Mr. W. H. Adnitt and Mr. W. W. Naunton, neither of whom, it is said, has been absent from one of the annual shows. One Shrewsbury Show is very much like another. It is the same with all large flower shows, and it becomes increasingly difficult to introduce any novel feature. The Cham- pion Silver Cup, which was offered for the best exhibit of a dozen bunches of Grapes some few years ago, and which has not yet been won three times by the same exhibitor, created a great deal of interest. This innovation did a great deal of good. It brought a new interest to the show, and gave a fresh impetus to the fruit classes. There is no doubt that now the finest Grapes in the country are exhibited at the Shrewsbury Show. It ought to be possible to introduce something fresh in the classes devoted to groups of plants and cut flowers, for these are pretty much the same year after year. However, the public seem well satisfied with the fare provided, for they come in increasing numbers annually. NOTES ON PLUMS. The Plum trade has not been so profitable for the growers this season as many expected from the diminished crops. Bsfore gathering began fancy prices were asked by some, and it was assumed that the average would be unusually high. Except as regards the earliest green or ripe Plums, or extra fine samples of Rivers' Early Prolific and Czar, this has not proved to be correct. The Per- shore variety has not made an average of more than about 5s. 6d. or 6s. per pot of 72lb., and some hive been sold in quantity as low as 4s. or 4s. 6d. for the same amount. The irregularity in the crop of Plums has been very strangely shown this year. In some plantations there is no fruit, and in others there is abundance, or a few scattered , trees in a holding are loaded with Plums | while the others have few or none. In comparing several sites the advantage \ in almost every case is in favour of the higher j ground ; but the effect of shelter in some instances is conspicuous, and this points to the fact that part of the injury to the blossom was due to wind influence. These two factors require careful consideration in planting Plums, or, indeed, any of our hardy fruits, for the absence of one of them may cause the discordant results that are so puzzling. We have e.Kamples of this on the farm under my charge, for in an old orchard at the lowest part of the place, near the River Avon, trees of the Pershore Plum, sheltered by larger Apple or Pear trees, have had a fair crop, while trees of the same variety on elevated land, but very exposed, have had very few fruits, though they flowered profusely. On a large plantation of ten acres, chiefly Plums, also on high ground, the trees round the outside have scarcely a fruit, j while some of those occupying the inner parts of the orchard have yielded well for the season. With the weather influences of some adverse springs to contend against there is little doubt that protection or shelter is of even greater importance than elevation of site, though both demand attention from planters more frequently than it is accorded. It is customary to regard the Pershore as the Plum especially adapted for this district, as it undoubtedly is, but there are others which grow and fruit extremely well, though perhaps they would not give such regular or heavy crops over a series of years. Victoria succeeds most satisfactorily, and the fruits develop to a great size ; in fact, I have not seen such fine examples in any other district as some of the growers have here. Another variety which thrives is Czar ; the . trees make astonishing growth, and bear very freely too, but as regards vigour of growth it is quite equalled, if not surpassed, by Belle de Louvain. These remarks refer particularly to young tree.i, and hard pruning results in dense heads of unfruitful wood. With well- directed, moderate pruning, handsome useful trees are quickly formed, and little cutting is needed when they are once in full bearing. Unfortunately, in many of the plantations, there are trees which have never had the initial shaping that has so important a bearing upon freely-growing fruit trees. The evil resulting from excessive pruning has led to the other extreme, i.e., too little use of the knife, and long, stragghng, un- evenly-placed branches are the result. R. Lewis Castle. A DAY IN THE ROYAL GARDENS, SANDRINGHAM. PEACEFULNESS is the feeliog that dominates all others in the King's gardens at Sandringham. There are no violent contrasts, and this feeling of repose appears to take possession of one the moment we leave the station at Wolferton. We leave the world and its cares and worries behind as we pass along the carriage drive that winds among the Pine groves, and as we reach the higher ground we catch glimpses between the trees of the sunlit waters of the sea in the distance. The woods are not all confined to conifers, but conifers predominate. There are Oaks and Birches. These are margined with Rhododendrons, inter.'persed with wide breadths of Bracken, wild wood Sage, and pink Heather. Something more than twenty years h»ve passed since I last visited Sandringham. The plantations were then comparatively >oung, and the trees have grown splendidly. Many of the conifers are handsome specimens, and one can see now how well the planting was designed and carried out. The day was a gala day at Sandringham. The Cottage Gardening Society was holding its fortieth exhibition of garden produce in tents in the grounds near the church, and through the thoughtful kindness of their Mdjesties the beautiful grounds were thrown open to visitors. Thousands of excursionists from London, York, Norwich, and other places had taken advantage of the opportunity to visit the Norfolk home of our kindly King and Queen. 134 THE GAEDEN. [September 2, 1905. The whole of the gardens, stablea, keoDels, and the dairy were open to vi-itor3 without restric- tions. A p >liceman or two were stationed about, but their chief work was to answer questions to ocalise the different departments, which they very courteously carried out. There are charming lakes of pellucid water, with stretches of turf between, running through the grounds. In the water were groups of Water LiUe.ciety, succeeding in thiR capacity his life-long friend the late William Holmes of Hackney. As is well known, Mr. Dean was the recipient of a handsome testimonial in 1902, to which a large number of distinguished people in the horti- cultural world from all parts of the country subscribed. Qoo. near. In trade he had received a good training as a seedfman. Indeed, his wide knowledge was remarkable, and few horticulturists could excel him as an accnmplished speaker. He does indeed leave in horticulture a place it will be dilEcult to fill. THE FLOWER GARDEN. We briefly referred last week to the lamented death of this veteran florist, horticultural judge, Press correspondent, and old member of the floral committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. To very many readers, however, he was best known as the secretary of the National Chrysanthemum Society, having; succeeded in that office the late William Holmes in 1890 Probably no man living or dead was ever ausociated with so many horticultural societies or enterprises as Mr. Dean was. His record in that respect is a remarkable one, and it is specially noteworthy that so much were his services as secretary and organiser in request that he seemed to be connected in one way or another with a number of associations. So long since as 1866 the deceased acted as assistant secretary to ihe Great Internationtl Horticultural Exhibition at South Kensington, a great show indeed in those days. Of others that were then associated with hira there seems to be only Dr. Masters and Mr. H. J. Veitch living. Prior to that, in 1857, Mr. Dean was secretary to the Nitional Florioultural S jciety, a body which later merged into the fljral committee of the Rival Horticultural Society. B ith in 1876 and 1879 he acted as hon. scretary to the HiUstorm Rolief Funds, organised in those years when such fearful havoc was wrought by hailstorms amongst florists' glass-houses. For some time he was secretary lo the Lindley Club, the progenitor of the present Horticultural Ciub. He alio held the same office in connection with the Postal Rdform Committee, a body that did very much to help promote the establishment of the Parcels Post. Formany yearshewas secretary to the Ealing Horticultural Society, and at the time of his death was secretary to the London Dahlii Union, as also to the National Chrysanthemum Society. When the International Potato Shows were in exist- ence Mr. Djan was a member of the committee. He was one of the original promoters of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund. He also helped to promote the Sweet Pea bi-centenary of 1900, the forerunner of the National Sweet Pea Society. These references are far from including all the horticultural bodies with which he was con- nected. With the Press he had been associated some fifty years, having been a constant con- tributor to The Florist, The Scottish Gardenfr, The Irish Gardtning World, The Oardnners' Chronicle, The Gakden, and many other publi- cations at home and in America. He was one of the oldest members of the R lyal Horticultural Society's floral committee, and was selected in 1899 as one of the first to be honoured with the Victorian medal. Bjrn at the Hill Nursery, Southimpton, on February 1, 1830, he was at the time of his death in his seventy-sixth year. In childhood reared in gardening, the love for it never forsook him. When for several years he occupied a post in the Royal Nursery, Slough, under that famous florist, Mr. Charles Turner, he there imbibed those floral ideals that made him later in life so eminent a floral censor, his services being in great request. To few men has it been given to be more in demand as a judge than he ; indeed, when almost at death's dour so strong was the love for the work in him, and so devoted was he to duty, that he j lurneyed to Wol- verhampton to complete an engagement. That was his last effort, and he then recognised that his work was done, and that the end of lif@ wa^ A LAKGE number of friends and sympathisers met at Filing Cemetery, Lmdon, W. , on Satur- day afternoon last, the 26 h ult., to pay their last respects to the late Mr. Richard Dean. The hour of the funeral service which took place in the Cemetery chapel was fixed for five o'clock. The horticultural world was well represented. The National Chrysanthemum Society was repre- sented by all its officers, many of the executive committee, and others. Among those present were Messrs. R. BiUantine (vice-president), T. B van (chairman), J. H. Witty (vice-chairman), A. Taylor (treasurer), C. Harman Payne (foreign secretary), D. B Crane (chairman of the floral committee), and Messrs. W Howe, J W. Moor- man, J. F. Simpson, A. J. Foster, J MuKerchar, E F. Such, and J. Tyler. The girdening chari- ties were represented by Mr. G. J. Ingram (secretary of the Gardeners' Royal B-inevolent Fund), and the Royal Horticultural Society by Messrs. Jamos Hudson, V.M H., Owen Thomas, V.M.H., C. Jeffries, and others. The trade was F THE LATE MR. RICHARD DEAN. represented by Mr. Harry Turner (Charles Turner, Slough), Mr. William Cuthbertson (Dobhie and Co , Rothesay), and Mr. Cox (for Messrs. Sutton and Sons, Reading). Among others present were Messrs Archer. E T. Cook, R Hooper Pearson, J H Dick, J. W.Wilkinson (Ute secretary of the Royal Aquarium), and R. P. Glendinning. The chief mourners were the Misses Jessie and Hettv Dean, Mr. Gerald Dean, Mr. Alex. Dean, V M.H., and others closely associated with the family. The grave was beautifully decorated, the whole of the sides being lined with evergreens and choice flowers. The cemetery chapel, too, was decorated. Wreaths, crosses, and other floral tokens of esteem and regard were very numerous, one long cross arranged with Lilies, Eucharis, and other choice flowers covering the whole length of the coffin. The wreath from the National Chrysanthemum Society was about 3 feet in diameter, and was composed of large white Chrysanthemums, with a few of the crimson blooms of Goacher's Crimson at one point. Running through the space formed by the inner circle were the letters "N C S." woiked with the golden blooms of the Pompon Flora— in every sense a most fitting tribute to the late secretary. THREE GOOD BEDDING CALCEULAEIAS. OR many years Calceolarias have been used for the summer garden, but owing to the disease the varie- ties at one time popular are not grown so much as formerly. Even omitting them we have some very desirable forms that the disease does not seem to trouble, and three beds each filled with a different kind are very beautiful just now at Kew. There is that extremely useful species G. INTEGBIFOLIA, which with protection during the winter forms a good-sized bush ; indeed, it is, 1 believe, popular as an outdoor shrub in some p^rts of the extreme west of England. For all its merits it is only within the last two or three years that public attention has been directed to its great value as a decorative subject ; in fact, it has, I understand, been represented in the Kew collection only within a short period. The leaves are, for a Calceolaria, rather firm in texture, and from their distinct roughened surface the plant is sometimes known as C. rugosa. The flowers, which are borne in large, branching panicles, are of a rich golden tint, and seen in a mass as at Kew they m-tke a good show, which will be kept up till the frosts come. The second to mention is the rather tall-growing C. AMPLEXicAULis, which, grown for many years, has always resisted the disease. It is more often planted in the mixed beds of miscellaneous subjects now so popular than in a mass by itself, but at Kew, perhaps owing to late propagation, it is shorter than uiual, and each plant is bearing a consider- able number of its pretty sulphur yellow blossoms. The soft green foliage, too, is very pleasing, while it is also of interest as being, at least by some, regarded as one of the parents of the popular hybrid C. Burbidgei. The third bed at Kew is filled with plants of that comparatively new section known as Jeffrey's Hybrid, the result of inter- crossing the herbaceous varieties with one or more of the shrubby kinds. Bedded out the plants are much shorter than they were under glass earlier in the year, and very pretty they are with their masses of bright - coloured blossoms. The majority of them have dowers of a brownish crimson and gold, while in the ca«e of a few particularly striking ones the flowers are entirely crimson. There is undoubtedly a great future before this race of Calceolarias. H. P. GENERAL FLOWER NOTES. OsTROWSKTA MAGNIFICA. — There has been a good deal of discussion lately about the best way to grow the very beautiful Ostrowskya magnifica. In my garden I have three clumps of it, and although it flowers in all three positions, there is only one clump that does justice to the title magnifica, and this is close to a wall facing due south, but which is a good deal shaded by some large trees growing rot far off. Here the stems grow 5 feet high, with five immense bells on each stem. In the other and less shaded positions the plants are much dwarfer, and only have one bell on a stem. The soil is strong clay, and in a M dland garden, which is always a cold one, and beyond a small forkful or two of cow manure scattered over the plants in the autumn, no further trouble is taken with them, and they have 136 THE GARDEN. [September 2, 1905. increased well during the four years I have had them. I wioh one could persuade people to try things more in their gardens ; it is astoniahing how very many things flourish that one would never discover if the experiment were not made, and from the way several half-hardy herbaceous things succeed in the summer with me I am sure they would be hardy in more favoured districts. Take Rehmannia, for instance, after blooming all winter indoors I turned my plants out into the herbaceous borders, and they are more floriferous there even than in the green- house, and are making endless young plants from the root for future stock. I have hopes of being able to winter a few successfully in the borders. In planting a well prepared piece of ground (whether border or not) I always think spaces should be left to make experiments like this, which, if not successful, will never be noticed amongst the flowering mass of the whole. This year I have been very pleaded with Primula obconica, planted in a rather shady moist border, and no one seems to have seen it planted out before, at least round here. Amongst somewhat unusual plants I have in the garden which have been ffifcctive this summer are KiTAiEELiA LiNDEKMtiTBii — This has made a fine plant with curious white flowers, the whole effect reminding one rather of an Abutilon. This plant is quite hardy here, as also a splendid clump of Criiiums (Powelli), yet how rarely you find the latter in gardens. The Cretan Mullein never fails to attract attention, as also Salvia ringens and glutinosaand L bertia tricolor, sur- rounded by a mass of varieties of Brodiseas, was a lovely fight earlier in the season with its brdliant- coloured leaves and little white blonm. The old tassel plant (Cacalia ) and Ulaucium Fiseheri make beautiful glaucous effects, even when not in bloom, and Epilobium rosraarinifolium has the same virtue. The interesiing variegatecU Polygonum is the only one of its family that is safe to use in a border that I know of, as you can easily keep it in order, and the plant is very distinct, with a Croton-like effect. A quainter little plant for the front of the border than Origanum hjbridum would be hard to find, and delieiouSly sweet when brushed against. Sanguisorba canadensis always commands attention with its white plumes, just beginning to show at this time of the year, and is taking the place of Verbafcum densiflorus, which has been in bloom since early in the summer, and is very noticeable with its purple blotch. Qi^oothera odorata is a gem with me ; it has the merit of blooming all the summer on single spikes about 3 feet high, and it does not shut up in the day as much as some do, and is quite excellent to cut. pARDANTHUs CHiNENSis is just beginning to make a show, and is very effective in a big group and hardy. Lythrum alatum is very free flowering and a neat grower, and the same must be said for Pentstemon obliqua. Linum flavum and Alyssum argenteum keep the border bright in yellow colour for a long time, and the old Calceolaria amp'exicaulis sprawls over where the earlier Lilies have been, and so there are no blanks. This is one of the main things to strive at in herbaceous borders. All my Tiger Lilies are blooming out of a mass of white annuals, and the Galtonias out of a mass of Godetias, &c. Putentilla nepalense is an everlasting bloomer, and very cheerful with its cherry - coloured flowers. Dianthus fragrans, Gillias, Nepetas, the old Saponaria officinalis, Sisyrincbium striatum, Siylophorum, Francoa (quite hardy), Giura, Geniiana semptifida, and Asclepia, each in their season have generally " Whab's that" asked about them when showing people the garden, and ver} many more could I name, but I must trespass on space no further. One word as to the background of the borders. The shrub one, now quite bright with Hydrangea paniculata, Cletbra ainifolia, the Coluteas, Buddleias, and Azalea occidentale (the only Azilea that flowers now, I think), while Hypericums and Androsace are very cheeiful to the front. Azara macrophylla, Sophora japoniea, Panax, Amelanchier rotundifolia, Rubus varie- gatus, Leyceeteria formosa variegata, variegated Rhododendrons, Euphorbias, &o. , make uncommon effects in different parts of the garden. The wall has several excellent things against it, such as Coronilla Emerus, Lycium barbarum variegatum, golden-leaved Jasmine, Atragenes, Lycium glaucum, Photinia sertulata, coloured Vitis, late of Wemyss Castle, Fife.— One evening last week Mr. and Mrs. Simpson received a pleasant surprise. A few of their old friends at Wemyss had determined not to part without showing them some mark of esteem. Mr. Simpson is temporarily engaged at Bilfour, Markinch. A small deputation called informally and presented him with a handsome gold watch, and his wife with a gold brooch. Horticultural Show at Buckle- bury Place, Reading.— Mr. Arthur W. Sutton, JP. , of Bucklebury Place, recently placed his charming grounds at the disposal of the Bucklebury and Marlston Horticultural Society for the holding of their tenth annual exhibition. The morning was dull, but the rest of the day proved delightfully fine, and there was a very large attendance. The entries numbered rome 500, about the same as last year, and the quality of the exhibits was excellent throughout. The collections of vegetables were splendid, and other vegetables calling for notice were the Potatoes, Turnips, Onions, Peas, Beans, Marrows, and Carrots. Fruit made a good display, the culinary Apples being particularly good, and the flowers were creditable. The appearance of the show was greatly enhanc»d by honorary CjUfctions shown by Mr. A. W. Sutton, Mr. G. W. Palmer (Marlston House), and the Rev. C. H. Gill. The Midland Dafiodil Society.— The secoud annual report, cuntaiuing a tuil list of awards, list of subscribers, and balance-sheet for 1905, and the schedule of prizes and rules for 1906, has just been issued. Theannual exhibition, held on April 18 and 19, was quite up to the usual standard. Doubtless owing to the change of date, which was necessitated by the forward spring, some of the exhibitors who generally attend were absent, notably Mr. Crosfield, and the number of competitive exhibitors fell from thirty-six to twenty-nine. However, to com- pensate for this there were four new trade exhibitors. Altogether the exhibits occupied more room than ever before. The most popular Ddff.idil was voted to be Mme. de Graaff. This result was obtained through the Rev. J. Jacob setting up about fifty ordinary varieties under numbers instead of names. Any visitor could put on a card the twelve he liked best. Two hundred and fifty voted. Mme. de Graaff received 157 votes, Gloria Mundi had 142 C'^own Prince 139, Emperor 128, C. J. Bickhoute 122, Katherine Spurrell 121, and Birri conspicuus 108. Queen B-88 with six votes was last on the list. The ► peeches given by Mr. Robert Sydenham, Mr. Pope, the Revs. S. E. Bourne, G. H. Engleheart, and others after the dinner to exhibitors and friends on the evening of the show day are fully reported. They contain many useful hints and are well worth perusal by all interested in Daffodil culture. The Royal Fern (Osmunda reg'alis) as an edible vegetable. At the meeting of the Rojal Horticuliural Society's Scientific C immittee on the 15lh ult., Mr. Charles T. Druery exhibited a sample sent hy the Yokohama Nursery Company consisting of young fronds of this Fern, which when about 10 inches to 12 inches high and yet unfolded were collected, boiled, dried, and compressed for food. It was stated that some tons of this material were consumed in Japan, and that the dried product was soaked for ten hours in water, which was frequently changed ; it was then boiled and served up with various sauces as a vegetable. September 2, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 137 In appearance the dried material was intensely brown, almost black, and strongly resembled some kinds of string Tobacco, being extremely tough and hard, and with a somewhat bituminous smell, but after the prescribed soaking it swells considerably, becomes quite soft, and of a dark olive green. When boiled it becomes still softer, and is by no means unpalatable, a very slight astringent flavour being perceived, while, served up with sauce as prescribed by the Japanese recipe, we can quite believe it would form a welcome edible, easily masticated, void of any stringiness, and distantly resembling in appear- ance elongated green Asparagus shoots. Osmunda regalis, though still plentiful in some unfrequented parts of the British Isles, would certainly speedily disappear if the young shoots were used as described, and thus, however desirable the acquisition of a new food staple may be in the abstract, we are rather glad than otherwise that the trouble of collection, and more still of subse- quent preparation, is likely to restrict our note to a mere record, and unlikely to lead to a further raid in our precious Ferny possessions. In Japan the Royal Fern appears to be very plentiful on the hills, thus at once reducing the trouble of harvesting the young shoots or the risk of extermination by their constant suppression. Poptpatpiek and Wigrtownshipe Railway Station ppizes.— The prizes offered by the joint committee managing the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railways were awarded recently. The first prize was awarded to Newton-Stewart, one which is universally admired by the passengers, and which received the maximum number of points for everything. For the second position New Galloway, Parton, and Stranraer were equal, and these were followed by Palnure and Dromore (equal), Croasmichael, and Creetown. The close- ness of the competition will be observed when it is stated that the three which took the second position were each only one point behind Newton-Stewart. A special prize of £1 Is. was awarded to Dromore as that which had made the greatest advance upon its place in last year's list. Best kept g^ardens at Scone.— The annual competition for the prizes offered under the auspices of the Scone Horticultural Society for the best kept gardens has been decided, with the following results : First, Mr. J. Kinnear, Abbey Road ; second, Mr. A. Harris, Perth Road ; third, Mr. J. Black, Murrayshall Road. The entries were limited in number, but the gardens were generally in excellent order, and showed much attention on the part of their owners. Examination in Hopticultupe.— The Council of the Royal Horticultural Society has consented to hold a special examination, for gardeners employed in the London and other city and public parks and gardens, on Thursday, January 11, 1906, at their Hall in Vincent Square, Westminster. The examination will be as far as possible practical. Candidates will be expected to have a knowledge of : 1. Trenching, digging, and draining, and the purpose of each. 2. Variety of soils and manures ; their effect and suitability to various purposes. 3. Various methods of propagating trees and shrubs, herbaceous, greenhouse, and sub-tropical plants. 4. Trees, plants, and shrubs specially suitable for town growth and their correct nomenclature. 5. The general structure of plants. 6. Such elements of geometry as will assist in the forma- tion of beds and their laying out. 7. Candidates will also be expected to display evidence of general knowledge and observation, and to be able to write an intelligent report on any subject connected with their work. No questions will be put bearing on the cultivation of fruit or vegetables. The examination, which will be partly written, partly vivd voce, will occupy three hours for the written portion, and about twenty minutes for each candidate vivd voce. Candidates must send in their names, at least ten days before the examination takes place, to the Secretary, Royal Horticultural Society's 06Bce, Vincent Square, Westminster, S.W., together with an entrance fee of 5s. to partially defray the expenses of the examination. Such little hand- books as "The Chemistry of the Garden," by H. Cousins, Is., and "Primer of Botany," by Sir J. D. Hooker, Is., and "Primer of Horticulture," by John Wright, Is., will be found useful, as well as " Thompson's Gardeners' Assistant, New Edition by W. Watson," £2 8?., which, though expensive, is invaluable for gardeners. — W. WiLKS, Secretary Royal Sorticidtural Society. Campanula pypamidalis.— I enclose a photograph of a Campanula pyramidalis. It has seven spikes, the tallest being 9 feet high, measuring from the top of the pot. The seed was sown in March, 1903, and the seedlings went into 6-inch pots. They were wintered in a cold frame. In the following spring they were potted itno THE TALL BELLFLOVl'ER (CAMPANULA-PTBAMI DALIS). (Tallest spike 9 feet high.) 9-inch pots, and a mixture of loam, spent Mush- room manure, and lime rubble was used. The plants stood in a cold pit until the end of April, and were then plunged outside until they threw up their flower-spikes. The above plant, with several others, did not flower. Early this spring I stood them in a cool Peach house, and brought them on gently with the Peaches until the middle of May. They were then put into a greenhouse and given a plentiful supply of liquid manure, also several dressings of Bentley's Vine Manure. I think it must be the heat that drew up the spikes to such a height, as there are several other plants with six spikes 8 feet high. — C. W. Gakner, The Gardens, Tuhlerdaly, Edenderry, King's County, Ireland. Flowep show at Leslie stopped by a gale.— On the morning of the 19th ult. the large tent erected for the flower show to be held at Leslie that day collapsed through the fierce gale then blowing, and the damage done was so great that the show and sports were abandoned, much to the regret of all and to the serious loss of many. Gapdens whieh benefit chapities. During the summer months a notable feature of many of our English seaside resorts is the opening of the grounds of some gentleman's seat in the immediate neighbourhood, whereby the public is enabled upon one day in the week to visit some of the "stately homes of England." Though a nominal sum is usually charged for this privilege, the receipts are generally given to a local charity, so that the visitor has not only the pleasure of roaming at will over the domains of such places as we have indicated, but also the additional satisfaction of knowing that the small sum paid for admission is devoted to a charitable object. For several years past the beautiful grounds of Sir Saville Crossley at Somerleyton Hall, near Lowestoft, have been thrown open to the public on Thursdays, and the nominal charge of sixpence for admission usually results in some- thing like £200 being distributed yearly amongst local charitable institutions. The grounds of Somerleyton are picturesque in the extreme. JOTTINGS ABOUT ROSES. The Advance of the Hybrid Tea. IT is about eleven years ago since the National Eose Society decided to form a separate class for the Hybrid Teas, and in this comparatively short time the improvement which has been made in them is truly marvellous. A curious fact, but nevertheless a true one, is that at the time the initiation of a separate class for Hybrid Teas was looked upon with anything but favour by a number of rosarians ; in fact, there was considerable opposition to the proposal. Even such a keen rosarian as the late Rev. Foster- Melliar apparently never foresaw the great possibilities of this race, for in his "Book of the Rose" (1894 edition) he says that " at present they are an unsatisfactory class. It is very difficult even now to draw a decided line as to where there is sufficient strain from the Teas to warrant the division, and it seems more than probable that the task will become almost impossible when the Hybrid Teas are crossed back again into the Hybrid Perpetuals or Teas, as they have been already in two or three instances." Despite this discouragement, and the fact that Mr. Foster-Melliar declined to accept the ruling of the National Rose Society in the matter, the Hybrid Tea stands higher in the estimation of the public to-day, both for garden decoration and exhibition, than any other class of Rose. I am well aware that the class as a whole is singularly deficient in good red and crimson varieties, but it should be remembered that, whereas the grand Roses of the Hybrid Perpetual class are the result of years of patient work, the Hybrid Teas, with the exception of Gheshunt Hybrid and La France, are practically a new race. My own opinion is that by the time raisers have bestowed as much time and attention upon them as has been given to the Hybrid Per- petuals, we shall have varieties of the former tit for comparison with, and more probably superior to, Horace Vernet, or any other red Hybrid Perpetual in commerce to-day. After all, the Hybrid Tea never claimed serious attention in this country until Mr. H. Bennett produced Lady M. Fitzwilliam 138 THE GARDEN. [Septembeii 2, l906. C. bellatulum, together with its hybrids, should be grown io a warm house, suspended from the roof and near the glass. Francis Wellesley. Westjield Common, Woking. CORRESPONDENCE. (The Editor is not responsible for the opinions expressed by correspondents. ) CYPBIPBDIUM BELLATULUM GIOANTBUM. (From a photograph taken at Wtet/ield, Woking.) Grace Darling, and Viscountsas Folkestone between 1882 and 1886. Advent of M. Pernet-Ducher's Seedlings. After this we had to wait until 1890, when M. Pernet-Ducher of Lyons created a sensa- tion with his first Hybrid Teas, Mme. Caroline Testout and Gustave R6gis, both of which are likely to retain their popularity for many a day. Nowadays it is quite impossible to form a good collection of Roses without including some, at least, of the superb varieties raised by this distinguished hybridist, and it is of this splendid race of Roses that I now wish to write. The Best Varieties. In addition to the two just mentioned, the varieties which are included in this garden, few of which I should care to be without, are as follows : Mme. Pernet-Ducher Marquise Lilta de Breteuil Mme. Germaine Trochon Mme. Abel Chatenay Souvenir de Mme. Eugfeue Verdier 1891 1894 1894 1896 1895 Souvenir du Piesidenl Carnot 1895 Antoine Rivolre 1896 Mrae. Cadeau-Ramey 1897 Ferdinand Batel 1897 Ferdinand Jamin 1897 Mme. Eugenie Boullet 1897 Violoniste Emile LSvdqu* 1898 Souvenir de Mme. Ernest Cauvin . . . . 1899 M. Bunel 1899 Mme. Ravary 1900 Mme. Charles Monnier 1902 Prince de Bulgarie 1902 Mme. Paul Olivier 1903 M. PaulL^d^ .. 1903 Sinateur Belle 1903 M. Joseph Hill 1904 LeProtri^s 1904 Mme. Ilector LeulUiot 1904 Etoile de France 1905 Their Behaviour in English Gardens. Looking through this list of Roses, one cannot help being struck, first of all, by the fact that the great majority of them are not only of high quality, but well suited for culture in English gardens. When we come to consider the large number of poor con- sumptive varieties which are distributed by Continental growers every year, it is a great pleasure to be able to say that scarcely one of M. Pernet - Ducher's productions has dropped out of general cultivation in English gardens since he began sending out his seed- lings. Nor do I know any other Continental raiser of whom this statement could be made with any degree of accuracy. This is a really wonderful record, and proves what an excel- lent strain of seedlings M. Pernet-Ducher has been able to produce. Chief among the characteristics of these Roses is that on the whole they are not liable to contract mildew easily, and this is probably accounted for by the fact that their leaves are leathery and very shiny. Mildew is such a scourge, espe- cially on soils that dry up quickly, that this alone is a great point in their favour. With me the two varieties most addicted to mildew are Mme. Abel Chatenay and Souvenir de Mme. Eugene Verdier, and if these two varie- ties are examined it will be seen that they lack the shiny foliage to which 1 have already referred. Arthur Goodwin. The Elms, Kidderminster. (To be continued.) ORCHIDS. CARNATIONS AT KEEVIL MANOR. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] SI R, — Probably there was never a period when Carnations of the several sections now under cultivation enjoyed so wide a share of popularity as at the present time. The border Carnation necessarily is the more welcome, because its culture is within the range of the many. Suit- able glass accommodation and skill are both requirements to obtain satisfactory returns from the others. In this neighbourhood the most successful grower of the outdoor Carnation is Sir John Wallington, whose garden is full of inte- resiing associations, dating as it does from the fourteenth century. The success which attends the growth of the border Carnation at Keevil is accentuated by the fact that the stock is kept fresh and vigorous by the importation of new ones from the best raisers. Self, fancy, and Pico teeare represented in variety. The vigour of the plants is really astonishing, some varieties in particular being exceptionally free in growth, and no sign of disease was apparent any- where. The Carnation borders here are sur- rounded by grass walks, which give a pleasing foil to the floral display, and it is worthy of note that for some years past no change of site has been made, yet the vigour is maintained. The ground is deeply worked and exposed by reverse trenching in winter, and by planting time in spring the whole depth occupied by the roots has been sweetened by the weather. The varieties are so numerous that much space would be required to enumerate them all, and then serve no useful purpose ; but mention might be made of Bonnar, a magnificent scarlet, which threw up its flowers on stalks quite 2 feet or more high. Ensign is a lovely Camelia - shaped white. Countess Carringlon was a striking flower, diffi- cult to describe, but suggestive of Apple-blossom pink. Daffodil, Almoner, and Grand Duke are good yellow selfs. Nox, the darkest Clove, Varo, Lollard, Etna, and Duke of Norfolk, all fine scarlets. Pha-nix, Hilda, Achilles, Miss Annie Macrae, Amphion, and Harlequin may be named among the best fancies. Star, Mrs. W. Heriot, Balleriana, Lucifer, and Lord Napier are good Piootees. A very fine pink was Bridegroom, and of similar colour was Narcissus. The season was unfavourable during the time of blossom, the great heat of the day and corresponding high night temperatures being detrimental to their long keeping, but a display is maintained by a large selection of variety, and most of them of recent time. W. Strugnbll. CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM GIGANTEUM. THE illustration depicts Cypripedium bellatulum giganteum which was ex- hibited by me at the Royal Horticul- tural Society's meeting in June last. This variety has a very clear white ground, and the spots are of quite unusual size. The petals are 2^ inches long by Ij inches broad. This species is a native of Burma and Siam. The plants succeed best in a mixture of strong loam and brick rubble, together with pieces of old mortar or lumps of limestone. Cultivators should be very careful in watering this specie*. Water should never be allowed to lodge between the growths, the best method is to dip the plants up to the rim of the pot. BLACK CURRANT MITE. [To THE Editor or " The Garden."] Sir, — Will you kindly inform me if there is any remedy for the Black Currant bud mite ? My bushes are badly infested. R. H. [The Currant bud mite (Phytophus ribis) each year becomes more destructive, and unless drastic remedies are applied Black Currants will soon be a thing of the past among many market growers. It used to be considered one of the most profit- able fruits to grow, but, owing to the bud mite, farmers of our acquaintance have had good reason to think differently of the value of Black Currants, and have cleared whole breadths of bushes off the ground. All classes of growers are strongly advised to keep a close look-out for first attacks, and to take measures for the prevention of the September 2, 1905. J THE GARDEN. 139 spread of the mite. The mites are so small as to be uadiacernible to the naked eye, a powerful lens being needed to see them, yet if they take possession of the buds they arrest natural de- velopment of growth, an abnormal swelling of bud taking its place. In the spring, when it is seen, a certain number of buds fail to burst into growth, and are much swollen. The shoots bearing these should be cut off and burnt, or if there is only a bud here and there affected, these only may be re- moved and burnt. Neglect or failure to persevere with these precautions and the time may arrive when the bushes will be so badly infested by bud mites as to be quite worthless, and only fit for a bonfire. Owing to the protection afforded by the bud scales, there is no reaching the mites after they are once in possession, but experts give remedies of a preventive nature. The best of these is a preparation of soft soap, soda, and sulphur. Dissolve 41b. of soft soap by boiling in 8 gallons of water ; boil 8oz. of caustic soda and lib. of sulphur in a gallon of water, then mix all together and boil gently for about half an hour. When wanted for use add 12 gallons of water, heating and applying it at a temperature of 100°. Syray the bushes with this preparation in November and again in February, doing it thoroughly. This, coupled with the timely removal of all swollen buds that are seen, will rid the bushes of the mites. Also start a fresh plantation with young bushes from an untainted source, and on ground well away from the affected bushes. — Ed.] BULB SOKTERS' FINGER-NAILS. [To THE Editor of " The Garden."] Sir, — For several years past I have found that gardening causes inflammatory spots to appear under my finger-nails, which gradually spread, and eventually the nail at those parts separates from the quick. Sometimes more than half the nail is thus affected. I have consulted six doctors, but none of them knew anything either of the cause or the remedy. Lately I have heard that bulb sorters are affected in the same way regularly as the bulb season comes round, and they know of no cure except leaving the bulbs alone. I should be very glad if either you or one of your readers could tell roe of something to prevent or alleviate this, as it is somewhat painful, very disfiguring, and the nails are liable to be torn up. Gardening gloves are of no use, as they do not prevent some dust getting under the nails. I used to do much more gardening wiihout any such result in a garden which had been lately made on virgin soil, but my present one is very old. A Sufferer. THE PERSHORE PLUM. [To the Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — I read your very interesting article on the Pershore Plum, and 1 thought you might be glad to have a confirmation of the fact that this variety will come quite true from seed. I can testify to this, as I have had the seeds sown and the trees fruit in my own garden, and my father raised a lot in his garden a few years ago. Respect- ing its advantages as a stock for other sorts, I may mention an interesting fact. In a certain group of allotments in this city there are some of the finest Victorias grown that we have ever tasted ; in fact, we like no others after them. They are grafted on the Pershore stock. For lusciousneas and size they are unsurpassed. Many Victorias come into the market, and they lack colour, size, and juiciness, and eat quite hard after those I have just described ; it was only recently I was informed of the secret of this. Worcester. Qdbrous. BISHOPS WEED OR COMMON GOUT WEED. (J5GOPODI0M PODAGRARIA.) [To THE Editor of " The Garden."] S[R, — This grows luxuriantly on a hedge-bank near a damp orchard in this parish. I should not expect to find it in a lawn, as it is a coarse perennial growing nearly 2 feet high. Salop. Veld. [To THE Editor of " The Garden."] Sir, — Bishop's Weed is a common name in England for iEgopodium Podagraria ; it belongs to the Umbeliiferse. Gout Weed is another name for the same plant. I quite agree with "A. B." that in referring to any plant it is desirable to give the botanical name, but it is also useful to give the common one, too. A. H. BAMBOOS FLOWERING. [To THE Editor of " The Garden."] Sir, — List year a large clump of Arundinaria Simoni flowered here, and also Phyllostaohys boryana and P. violescens. These are apparently quite dead. This year some smaller pieces of A. Simoni, divided from the larger clump, are flowering. It is disappointing after having got a good clump of Bamboos in a dry garden by abundant watering to lose them. Bivision and transplanting seem to delay flowering, and it may possibly prevent it. Cutting down when they show flower does not seem to save the plants. P. nigra, which was moved last year, is not flowering, nor P. Henonis. The latter is throwing up extra strong shoots. Phormium tenax has flowered well this year, and has made strong growth ; the mild winters of the last few years have no doubt to do with this. W. H. Banks. Hergest Croft, Kington, Herefordshire. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS. CONVOLVULUS MAURITANICUS. OFTEN this pretty Convolvulus is i termed the Blue Rock Bindweed. I It is one of the most beautiful of f its family, and is never out of place in the garden, as it is entirely free from the rampant tendencies of its relatives. It is seen at its best when hang- ing over a low rock or sunny bank, which it will cover to a depth of 4 feet with its trailing shoots, studded throughout their length with clear lavender-blue flowers about the size of a florin. In July, when in the zenith of its beauty, such a plant will become a sheet of pale blue, in such profusion are the blossoms borne, and, although this lavish display of flower does not last more than a month or six weeks, the plants are rarely flowerless until the close of October in the south- west, blossoming uninterruptedly from June through the autumn. A long and steep, low bank covered with this Convolvulus in full flower on a sunny day is a lovely sight. On a raised mound, in pockets of the rock garden, and even THE BEAUTIFCJIi BLUB CONVOLVDLUS MAURITANICUS IN A DEVONSHIRE GARDEN. 140 THE GARDEN. September 2, 1905. in the border it is also very effective. The stems are very slender ; the leaves are deep green and ovate and abundantly produced, harmonising pleasingly with the lavender-blue flowers. It is a native of Morocco, but is fairly hardy, gene- rally doing well in the neighbourhood of London and also in Sussex. It is always well, however, to strike cuttings, in case the old plants may die during the winter. These, if put under a bell- glass in sand during August, make good plants the following spring ready to take the place of any that have failed. It is an excellent plant for hanging baskets, treated in the same way as Creeping Junny, its drooping flower-trails looking very pretty when suspended, and it is also useful for filling vases. S. W. Fitzherbert. GERANIUM GREVILLEANUM. A SHOWY Geranium, presumably new to cultiva- single crown yielding a single flower-stem and two or three leaves, planted in a border among buehy plants, serves only as an example of exceedingly bad taste in planting it there. The garden would not benefit by single specimens, and it is only when it can be effectively grouped that the plant should be used at all. G. B. M. THE ROSE GARDEN, T ROSE DEAN HOLE. HE value of a new Rose can often be correctly ascertained by those who grow the queen of flowers extensively under glaes for market, and it was with much pleasure I heard a large grower say recentl}' that Dean Hole tionT was received from a Himalayan source two I was one of the most beautiful Roses he had ever years ago as grevilleanum, and it proves to be a first-rate border plant, distinct from any other species known to us. It forms a bushy clump 2 feet high and through, of umbrella-like leaves, which are divided into ten primary divisions, the free lobes being cleft again and again. The flower clusters are borne above the leaves, and they contain hundreds of blooms, coloured a rich blue, a little darker than that of Blue- bells, each U inches across, and the petals have a pretty trans- parent veining, as in most Gera- niums. The clumps have been in flower since Miy, and numerous flower-stems slill appear to carry on the display till autumn. It is a showy plant, a long way ahead of most Geraniums in our estima- tion of its value, quite hardy, and a good perennial. A white form, the only variation so far noticed, is equally good and pretty as a contrast. SAXIFRAGA PELTATA. A Plant for Waterside. It is remarkable that this giant Saxifrage from California, hand- some alike in flower and foliage, should be so little used in these days when plants suitable for bold grouping by waterside, in wood- land, and informal gardening generally are valutd more and more. It is surprisingly hardy and very vigorous, capable, in fact, of living down all but the most aggressive weeds, and although it appreciates the drier parts of the bog garden, it will thrive well in any soil not naturally wet, provided it could have a liberal mulch of old manure annually and some shade over- bead to help sustain it during the drier months of summer. The plant should require no recom- mendation at our hands, for it is very beautiful when planted in colonies of a dozen or more by waterside or occupying some cool recess amid shrubs and dwarf trees with the grass as a carpet. The thick rhizomes grow apace, and yield in early spring leafless stems 2 feet to 3 feet high, bearing a dome-shaped cluster of showy pink flowers, trails of which hang in the form of a fringe around the central mass of bloom. Later the giant peltate leaves appear and reach a similar height, often 2 feet in diameter, and have novelties added to our collections for some years past. What I admire about so many of the recent Hybrid Teas is their vigorous growth. We seem to be getting away from the stumpy, dwarf style exemplified in Lady Mary Fitzwilliam and its numerous progeny, although conceding to this glorious Rose all the honour that is its due as a beautiful and valuable variety, which reflects much credit upon the skill of the late Mr. Henry Bennett as a hybridiser. In Dean Hole we have a Rose of free and branching growth worthy to compare with other beautiful novelties, such as Prince de Bulgarie, Joseph Hill, and Eirl of Warwick. The flower is very large at times, quite huge in dimensions, with a fine high-centred form, so dear to the heart of the exhibitor, and of great substance, a most valuable trait in these days of rather thin, if exquisitely coloured, novelties. The colour is silvery carmine, shaded salmon with quite a brilliant lustre. P. ROSE ELISA ROBICHON. This is another of the popular wichuraiana Roses, and one of the best also. To me it recalls Perle d'Or, although without the rich orange gold of that pretty little favourite. I think there is nothing more lovely among these fast- growing Rosea than a well- flowered spfcimen of Elisa Robichon. These Roses are so useful for other purposes than for pillars, and one of the most charming ways of using them is as large handles over a bed of Roses. Just bend over a support of rustic wood or stout gae-piping, and this pretty Rose in two years will completely cover it with its delightful flowers. I think this is one of the best methods of growing the wichuraiana Roses, as really their prodigious growth is quite embarrassing. Cutaway all flowering wood each summer immediately after blos'soming, and tie in the young growths, and the difficulty of too much wood is solved. The whole tribe, from the dainty and still popular Dorothy Perkins, the beautiful Alberic Birbier, whose large Tea-like flowers impel us to plant more, the L'Ideal-like coloured varieties Rene Andre and Paul Transon, and the glowing Ruby Queen and many others, may all be grown as suggested, and, if so planted between towering pillar Roses, a most telling effect would be pro- duced, especially if the season of flowering of wichuraiana and pillar Roses were arranged to harmonise. P. THE NEW HYBRID TEA BOSE DEAN HOLE. (Photographed from a flower in Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons' Nursery at Colchester.) grown. I was gratified, because one who loves of us who Roses must alwajs revere the honoured name of | explore the BOOKS. The Book of the Scented Garden.*— Most are garden-lovers have longed to steries of scent — that strange the late president of the National Rose Society, ' elusive quality that so^ ^enhances our delight and be anxious that a Rose bearing his name { ' ' ' " shall prove of some worth. I shall not readily forget the beautiful flowers that gained the i gold medal of the National Rose Society in , 1904 It is true I thought then that the variety bore a rather close resemblance to Maman Cochet and Mrs. Edward Mawley, but subsequent experience plant and flo'^^er. Miss Jekyll in "Wood and Garden " h " s given us one charming chapter, and Mr- Robinson, in his "English Flower Garden," another on the subject, but one has always felt how 3 uch more might be said. Mr. Burbidge, in the little volume now before us, has sounded many of its depths, and not only — B--> - — ■ " • r 1 J '■ . "J I I ' "The Book of the Scented Garden." By F. W. Bar- elegantly lobed and crimped margins that make has shown that it is perfectly distinct, and 1 am ! bidge, M.A., V.M.H., F E H S.Lond. .lohn Lane's Hand- them objects of beauty all the summer long. A i confident it will prove one of the most valuable i books of Practical Gardening. No. XXIV. 28. 6d. net. September 2, 1905. THE GARDEN. 141 does he discourse with grace and sympathy about "the curious broth of smells that feeds and fate our mindes," but has shed the light of science so fully and brightly on the topic that one reads his pages with mingled gratitude and won- der ; they contain so much that to most of us is absolutely new. It is impossible to peruse them without being convinced that smelling is a sense that ought to be cultivated a great deal more than it usually is. " Artists in sniffs can improve their talent by constantly exercis- ing it." Scent is a power, and has a definite work. " If a full, true, and particular account of perfumes could be written to-day, I think," says Mr. Burbidge, "we should , be a little astonished at the great and even tragic parts they have played at times in the history of the human race." Nor is it to flowers alone that we must go for the sweet odours that bring us fragrance. The question of odorous leaves is just as important. "Next to the dynamics of plant growth, there is no unworked field of original research so attractive, and that promises to be so productive, as does this question of odorous leaves." The five senses are briefly considered, touch and taste being put first, but in the order of animal evolution Mr. Burbidge gives the third place on the list to smell "Pappy-dogs," we are reminded, "find their mother by touch or scent long before they can see." The sense of smell he thinks — and in this we cordially agree — is, of all our senses, the most subtle and difficult to regulate or measure, and it is least under our own control. " Sound may be analysed and set down in music ; colour is and FRUITS JOP NECTARINE IMPROVED DOWNTON. (Redxuxd.) of Ceylon, at the end of 12 minutes ; Cloves, 2.3 minutes ; Eugenol, 30 minutes ; Thyme, 35 minutes ; Thyme (wild), 45 minutes ; Verbena of India, 45 minutes ; Geranium of France, 50 minutes ; Origanum, 75 minutes ; Patchouli, 80 minutes ; Zeodary, 2 hours ; Absinthe, 4 hours ; Sandalwood, 12 hours. No one can now accuse us of being fanciful if we say a Kise has cured a headache. To all those who suffer from strong can be arranged in methodical form ; but it yet floral perfumes are recommended the more nega- remains for some specialist in odours to give us tive qualities of fragrant leaves. a gamut or scale, so to speak, of the thousand " Perfumes and Temperature" isanother branch and one subtle whiffj of fragrance and the myriad of odour waves thit bombard the delicate nerve centres of the mucous membrane of the nose." Dr. Piesse has attempted to do this, crudely perhaps, but with originality. "To make a proper bouquet of primitive odours, the kinds so used," he tells us, "should agree or correspond with a scale or gamut just as do the musical notes," and " one false note among odours would destroy the whole harmony of the chord just as in music or in colour." Here is his odophine or 8o?nt-8oale for the chord of C ; Sandal is C bass, second line below ; Geranium is C ba'S, second space ; Acacia is E treble, first line ; Orange flower is G treble, second line ; Camphor is C treble, third space. N) doubt some innate feeling — or shall we call it instinct ?— guides us in making up even the simplest posy gathered in the garden, preventing U8 from putting together scents that would clash any more than colours that would quarrel. Some exquisitely scented flowers we feel at once must stand alone ; not another can we find that is set in the same key, or sometimes we light on two or three distinct flower-fragrances that mix or contrast to perfection. Cape Jasmine and Honey- suckle scent coming in at the same window are per- fect ; Roses and Mignonette go happily together ; but what goes well with Stock ? Sweet Peas, too, are they not most enjoyable alone? and Heliotrope, that must go by itself, and so rauB Wallflower. I There are no more interesting chapters in the I book than those which treat of essential oils v. bacteria, also as germicides, and as antiseptics. How many of us know that a strong scent wil kill a typhoid bacillus ? Even fewer could guess how quickly this can be done. Here is the , time-table of some experiments which Professor of the subject that is good reading— so pleasant to learn that on a hot day sweet perfumes really cool the air as well as sweeten it. The absorp- tion of heat by odorous vapours is proved (Pro- fessor Tyndall) by elaborate experiment. And there are further benefits ; the burning of per- fumes or incense in sick houses, hospitals, or churches is based, we find, on common sense. May the time come when more will be done for us in this direction in public place" ; scented draughts are such delicious things. Eaough has been said to show the value of this little book ; it is brief, but positively teems with interest, suggestion, and information. Its chief subject, as the name implies, is naturally the scented garden ; it includes an A B C list of perfumes, essential oils, &c., and of the diffarent plants which aflf jrd them. The moral of the book (for there is one) is as follows : " Let us, then, grow in our greenhouses and gardens all the fragrant herbs we can. Here is a taste that has come down to us from the foundations of human history ; not a fashion like that of bicycles or bonnets, but a precious possession for all time." T. A. B. THE FRUIT GARDEN. of the Nectarine. The number of new varieties of these sent out by this firm from time to time over a long series of years is so numerous that some of the older ones are in danger of fading away from the memory of present-day readers. Amongst them is the one here illustrated. In association vrith new plants or fruits there is always the glamour of novelty, and more or less exaggeration which captivates the mind, and which, I am afraid, often invests new fruits and flowers with a merit bfyond their real deserts. I am not saying this in order to detract in any way from the value of recently-introduced Nectarines, but I do so to empha'iise the fact that some of the older hybrids of this firm are still among the very best, and the one under notice must be included in the list. The old Downtnn Castle, as it used to be called, was a well-known and largely-grown standard variety. It is now occasionally seen on the exhibition table, and by its size and rich colouring always gives a good account of itself, but the Improved Downton, in my experience, is not so frequently seen, yet it is an undoubted improvement on the old variety. It resembles its parent in all its good points, but is larger, the tree more fruitful, the flesh richer, with a faint Stanwick flavour. It is specially to be recommended for outdoor wall culture. Owen Thomas. PEREGRINE, recent meeting of NECTARINE IMPROVED DOWNTON. ESSRS. RIVERS of Sawbridge- worth for the past three genera- tions have rendered distinct and valuable services to British pomology by the raising and , ^ introducing of a large number Chamberlain made with typhoid bacilli, and the j of new and improved fruits, and especially i>iii.uj.ii_n,j M" NEW PEACH Messrs. Rivers, at a recent meeting of the Riyal Horticultural Society, staged the above new Peach in excellent condition, the trees staged being models of good culture and well laden with fine fruits. This new seedling appears to force most readily, and should become a great favourite on this account. It is a mid-season fruit, and, being earlier than Crimson Galande and its equal in productiveness, it is a most valuable introduction. The fruits are large, rich crimson in colour, and, most important of all, the flesh is rich and of splendid flavour. It forces Chamberlain made with typhoid bacilh, and the i oi new ana improved Iruits, and especially excellently, the fruits set with great freedom, killing power of va^io^a essential oils ; Cinnamon I have their services been valuable in the case | and for pot culture it is specially good. The 142 THE GARDEN. [September 2, 1905. latter point should not be overlooked, as some of the older varieties are not so good in this respect. I have not yet given it a trial on open walls, but intend doing so this autumn. It should succeed well. The raisers give it a good name, and owing to its colour, which is most prominent some time before the fruits are ripe, it should be useful to follow the earliest varieties and prove a valuable market Peach. Last seasoa even very small trees of this variety were heavily laden with fruit, and this year the crop is greater. This shows that the new seedling is reliable. G. Wtthes. and its white form have commenced their display, and the bright scarlet Alonsoa Warscewiczii, which is perennial in a warm garden, has provided brilliant colour. Masses NEW AND RARE PLANTS. NEW SWEET SULTANS. o prised the of Sweet taurea, Jarman's shown by Messrs. N E of the most interesting exhibits at the meeting of the Royal Horti- cultural Society on the 1st ult. com- beautiful series Sultans (Cen- strain) .Jarman and Co., Chard, Somerset. The flowers measured about 3 inches across, and were of varied and pretty colour- ing, some white, others clear and refined shades of yellow and purple. The strain is an exceptionally fine one, and well deserved the award of merit given to it. SPIR^A AITCHISONI. This was shown at the first August meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart, (gardener, Mr. Bain), and Mr. Maurice Prichard, Riverslea Nursery, Christ- church, Hants. The panicles are very dense, and the flowers are pure white, the plant having a foamy eflFect when seen from a distance. This Spiraea flowered at Kew in 1899, and it was discovered by Mr. Botting Hemsley, F.RS., when examining the late Dr. Aitchison's dried specimens collected in the Kuram Valley, Afghanistan, after the Doctor. It is an garden plant. SUMMER FLOWERS IN SOUTH DEVON. It is named interesting M ANY plants which must be grown in a greenhouse in the Midlands and the North flower freely outdoors in Devon. Abu- tilon vexillarium, from Rio Grande, has been bright through the month of July with its crimson and yellow, brown-stamened blossoms, and many greenhouse varieties, with red, yellow, white, and tessellated flowers, have been blooming well as bushes in the open garden. The African Lily (Agapanthus umbellatus) SWBBT SBLTAN (JARMAU'S STRAIN). (Shown by Messrs. Jarman and Co., Chard, Somerset, at the meeting oj the Royal Horti- ciUtural Society on the Ut ult., and given an aioard of merit.) of Alstrcemeria chilensis, in colours ranging from cream to crimson, have been a beautiful sight, and A. pelegrina and its white variety have both flowered well in the open. Big- nonia speciosa, from Uruguay, has produced its long, trumpet - shaped, wide - mouthed lavender flowers against a south wall, and in the same garden Boronia megastigma ^nd B- heterophylla have been in bloom, Bravoa geminiflora has borne its tall flower-scapes, and Buddleia variabilis veitclyana, a great improvement on the type, has perfected its rosy purple spikes, many of them over 18 inches in length. This shrub is an enormous grower, a plant only 5 inches in height in fy I the spring of last year being /\,^ now 10 feet high and 12 feet ' ' ' through. Calceolaria integrifolia has been a sheet of bright yellow in numerous gardens, and the pretty little C. mexicana, an annual which comes up yearly from self- sown seed, has been very attractive. A large plant of Campanula pelviformis, which had over 100 ex- panded bloems at one time, has been a charming sight, its beauty being enhanced by a large bush of Crassula coccinea, with three dozen flower-heads, in full bloom by its side. The Australian Candollea tetrandra has pro- duced its yellow blossoms, Carpenteria californica has continued in bloom, and Cassia corymbosa has just expanded its earliest flowers. Chrysanthemum maximum Moonlight is a fine variety, with flowers 4 1 inches across, quite eclipsing the Shasta Daisy hard by. A large clump of Cimici- fuga racemosa, with over a dozen flower-spikes 7 feet high, has been a most graceful object, the crimson bells of Clematis coccinea hanging from an arch have had a pretty efi^ect, and, during the morning hours, a wide drift of Commelina coelestis, a cloud of Gentian blue, has been a lovely picture. Unfortunately, these flowers close soon after midday. The white variety is also grown, but is far inferior to the type. Cyananthus lobatus has clothed a ledge in the rock garden with its purple flowers, and Cypella Her- berti is in profuse bloom. Great bushes of Desfon- tainea spinosa have been covered with pendent scar- let and yellow blossoms, Dianthus Emilie Par6 has remained in bloom through the month, and D. Atkin- son!, D. Napoleon III., and D. Lady Dixon have been very bright. Dierama pul^ cherrima, with its fairy flower- wands, has been very beautiful, the pure white variety being one of the loveliest flowers in existence, Echium densiflorum has bloomed, and a large shrub of the rare Escallonia pulveruleata has been freely set with white flower - spikes, Fremontia californica, which has a way of dying suddenly when of large size, h^s Sbptbmber 2, 1905. j THE GARDEN. 143 produced itsyellow cupped blossoms; Fuchsia ; formerly Diplacus, and its crimson variety iulgens has borne its long, scarlet flower clusters, and the little F. procumbens its inconspicuous blooms, to be followed later on by large crimson berries. Gaura Lindheimeri, a fine hardy plant not often met with, has been pretty, and the splendid Qerbera Jamesoni has continued its display of large scarlet, Daisy-like flowers, while of the Gladioli G. Saundersi has perfected its glowing bloom-spikes. The magenta - pink Indigofera gerardiana has flowered, but a far prettier relative is I. decora alba, now bearing its pure white bloom-panicles. The Mexican Inga pulcher- rima, rarely seen in gardens, has borne, on a south wall, its scarlet flowers, re- sembling a short blossom of the Bottle-brush (Cal- listemon), and the lovely Ipomoea rubro - c«rulea is beautifying a warm wall with its large, pale blue f lo we r s fully 4 inches across. Lathyrus pubes- cens has produced numbers of its lavender-blue flower - sprays ; Lavatera assur- gentifolia, some- times a bush 7 feet in height, has borne its large white, purple- blotched flowers ; Lonicera Hilde- brandti, in a Tor- quay garden, has been covered with its giant, Honey- suckle blossoms ; and the pretty Lupinus Cruik- shanki has dis- played its blue, white, and yellow flower - spikes. Malvastrum lateritium has been charming with its flesh-pink flowers marked internally with a carmine band, and Sphaeralcea mun- roana, fqrmerly classed as a Malvastrum, has covered a height of fully 10 feet of rocky bank with its pale red blossoms. The beautiful . Mandevilla sua- veolens has borne its fragrant white flowers on wall and verandah ; fine plants of Michauxia cam- panuloides, 6 feet pyramids of white have been in profuse flower ; and M. cardi nalis, rarely met with in the present day, a plant between 3 feet and 4 feet in height. with its cherry-red blooms, and the effective Mutisia decurrens has shown the splendour of its glowing orange flowers from the back- ground of dark foliage of Berberidopsis corallina, also in flower, through which it climbs. Pardanthus chinensis, Pentstemon cordifolius, Philesia buxifolia (with its Lapa- geria-like blossoms), and Primula obconica, growing in the open all the winter, have flowered, and Plumbago capensis has ex- panded its earliest bloom-trusses. Romneya Coulteri has been a magnificent picture with dozens of its great white blos- soms, some 7 inches across, open at the same time, but the sight of the garden has been Salvia dichroa, from the Atlas Mountains, a plant over 8 feet in height and 5 feet through, bearing about 300 purple- blue and white flower - spikes. S. leucantha, with its plush-like flower- heads, has also been pretty. Sola- nuin jasminoides, entirely covering the roof of a shed by the high road with a sheet of gleaming white, has been an en- trancing picture. Tropseolum spe- ciosum has been brilliant in some gardens, and was especially effective clambering through a fence covered with Solanum jasmi- noides, its scarlet blossoms contrast- ing delightfully with the white of the Solanum. S. W. F. SPBAY or SPIB^A AITCHISONI. Shown btj Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. , and Mr. Maurice Prichard at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on the 1st ult., and given an award of merit.) in height, have been with their large Cam- panula-like blossoms; Mimulus glutinogus, has been a striking sight with its branchlets studded with crimson flowers, while Modiola geranioides has brightened the rock garden EDITOR'S TABLE. Seedling Carna- tion Huntsman. Mr. George Armit- age, The Nursery, Carlton Lane, Guise- ley, near Leeds, sends a very bright self crimson, coloured Carnation named Huntsman, It must be a very effective variety. KiTAIBELIA LlNDB- MDTHII, Mr. Gumbleton sends from his gar^ den at Queeastown, Ireland, flowers of a, pretty pure white shrubby Malvad wi th golden variegated foliage, which arose through grafting the plain-leaved type on the variegated A. megapotamicum. It is a most interesting plant. 144 THE GARDEN. [September 2, 1905. GARDENING FOR BEGINNERS, m AKING A LAWN WITH SEEDS Prepare the ground now by deep digging and manuring, taking out all roots of perennial weeds, and then leave it till the middle of September to settle, but not later. Then make the surface perfectly smooth and level, and run the roller over to make it firm. Sow a good mixture of grass seeds obtained from a good source very thick. Rake in and roll, and if possible scatter over the surface a thin dressing of manure from an old hot-bed, broken up and screened, using the fine material only, which will give splendid results. Under a covering of this kind the seed escapes the attention of the birds and germinates in a few days, and by next spring will have made a good lawn. We have used moss litter manure for the same purpose. Furnishing the Lawn. — If the lawn comes up to the house, which it generally does, there should be a few beds of flowers under the windows, but beyond that the tree planter should work, filling in the background either as a blind or wind-break, leaving vistas through to view special objects, such as a church tower, a river, or woods in the distance. Clumps or groves of Austrian Pine or Scotch Firs always give one an idea of shelter and warmth, and a healthy odour escapes from a Pine wood. A good walk may run round among the shrubs and trees, open places being left in suitable positions for creating special features. These may include groups of Roses, flowering shrubs, and hardv things generally, includ- ing Ferns, alpines, and, if pos- sible, a Lily pond, with Japanese Primroses in large tufts on the banks. A garden of the kind which came under my notice last year was entered under a Pergola coi'ered with Climbers of various kinds, including many Roses. Even without the pergola, which, if well con- structed, becomes expensive, there may be arches of Roses and poles covered with Roses and other suitable plants. Then no lawn is perfect without a few SIMPLE HINTS, the Purple Beech, Silver Maple, and various forms of Golden and Silver Hollies. — E. H. Some Herbaceous Lobelias. — Rather more than a year ago I bought a collection of these hybrid Lobelias. Some are very good, and will make nice groups in the borders. I always think those raisers of new things who send out sets of a dozen or so would find it answer their purpose better to bring the dozens down to half-dozens. Many years ago when French nurserymen sent over here sets of new Roses a number always were included that soon found their way on the rubbish heap, and no one buys sets of new French Roses now ; in fact, better Roses are being raised at home. Among the herbaceous Lobelias I have the following half-dozen will be found useful : Purple King, Prince of Bedders, Mulberry, Ensign, Multiflora, and Princess are good, and as they are easily propagated they will soon be cheap.— E. H. Lilies. — Deep and Shallow Planting. — There are two matters connected with Lily growing whose importance is often overlooked, and to the neglect of which many failures may probably be ascribed. One is the right depth of planting, and the other is neglect in giving due protection from LILT THAT MAKES STKM-ROOTS, SUCH AS L. ACRATCM. THAT MAKES NO STEM THE MADONNA LILT good specimen trees about it, and some of these I spring frost. As a rough rule a Lily is planted should be conifers. Thegreenandglaucousvarieties j at a depth represented by three times that of the of the Atlantic Cedar are always effective, but bulb, except in the case of L. gieanteum, which Abies pungens glauca is one of the most beautiful is planted barely underground. But Lilies have of the glaucous-tinted conifers for lawn planting two ways of throwing out roots. Some of them, Picea Pinsapo (the Spanish Silver Fir) is also ! including candidum and all the Martagons, root excellent. The Cedar of Lebanon is a splendid \ only at the base of the bulb. In a great number hardy tree for any conspicuous position. Half-a- ihe bulb makes its first growth by the help of dozen varieties of the Lawson Cypress, planted the roots from its base, known as basal roots, but at suitable distances apart to form an open as soon as the stem begins to rise it throws out a group — to individualise, so to speak, each variety fresh set. — but I may say do not plant anything in lines or at measured distances apart. In discussing this i Hoe v. Bake. — Never use the rake except for matter with a noted tree-planter, he said it was preparing seed-beds. The hoe is a much better better to take a shovelful of Potatoes or stones, tool. The rake seals up the pores of the soil, cast them into the air, and plant where the and this is set fast after the first shower. The Potatoes or stones dropped. This he called the Dutch hoe leaves the surface loose and open, "natural method," and any one in doubt where | This checks evaporation, and so keeps the to plant may adopt it ; at any rate, in tree moisture in the land. A close sealed-up surface planting for effect the planter should possess an soon cracks, and the moisture evaporates, artistic eye. For giving shade the Tulip Tree is excellent, and the Walnut in some cosy recess Fuchsias in the Summer Garden. — Of late years will suit the student who wants to read in peace, Fuchsias have been employed for bedding or as insects are not so troublesome under a Walnut planting out, and they make grand ornaments ^s under other trees. To give oolovtr therp is either alope or in groups, and have been much admired in the parks and private gardens during the last season or two. When required for out- door decoration it is necessary to keep the old plants from year to year, which is a very easy matter, as they may be wintered in anj' shed or cellar that frost does not reach, but as they are woody they must not be kept too dry at the root, the proper thing being to have the soil just moist, and then the main stems and branches will keep plump and live. The Hollyhock. — This stately plant has flowered admirably this season. No disease was apparent until July, when the fungus appeared, and has "pread rapidly since that tme. This insidious disease seems to lie in wait for suitable weather, when it spreads over the plants, destroying the leaves very rapidly. Condy's Fluid applied to the affected part will destroy it. See that the young plants propagated from eyes or cuttings are kept clean, and replant each when well rooted in a 3-inch flower-pot. Remove all decaying flowers, else they will cause the seed-pods to decay. Plants for late flowering should be freely watered and syringed if the weather continues hot and dry. Roman Hyacinths — It would be interesting to know how many tons of these are annually disposed of in the markets of our large towns and florists' shops generally. They always give just what we need — a plentiful supply of white flowers at a season when Chry- santhemums are going past and other white flowers are etill scarce. One has only to look at the church decorations and wreaths and crosses made during the first two months in the year to realise what an important position the Roman Hyacinth occupies among white flowers at that season. It may truly be regnrcied as a bene- factor to florists and others, for it enables them to supply white bloom in the dead of winter at much lower prices than they could otherwise do, thus inducing many to buy flowers who could or would not purchase more costly things. Frequently in February I have known a fair-sized bunch of Roman Hyacinths to be sold for twopence, and not so many years ago the same amount of white bloom would have cost, more than six times that amount. It is, of course, the imported flowers that bring down prices to such a low point, and the home grower has no chance of profitable returns unless he forestalls the season of imported bloom. In the Chrysanthemum season there is such an abundance of white bloom, and, as this now lasts quite a month longer than formerly, the need for other things is but little felt until the new year is well in. From the middle of January to the end of February flowers of all kinds are scarce in the London markets, and during that period Roman Hyacinths make fair prices, especially if the weather is not very favour- able when they are grown largely in the open for export to this country. For an early supply of bloom it is desirable to get the bulbs potted as soon as they can be obtained, and if a succession of flowers is desired through the early months of the year, more bulbs u.ust be potted at intervals of a fortnight up to October. Half-a-dozen bulbs may be put in a 6-inch pot, but where any quantity of bloom is desired boxes are best, this ROOTS, SUCH A3 (L. CANMDCM). September 2, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 145 being the method generally adopted in market gardens. The boxes when filled are placed in the open air and covered with several inches of ashes or cocoa fibre, being put into warmth in batches as required. Sometimes bottom-heat is employed, but in a general way it is found that satisfactory progress is made without it. If the house be well provided with piping, there is no difficulty in maintaining a temperature sufficiently high to thoroughly warm the soil through. For Roman Hyacinths I like the compost rather lighter than what is in favour for Hyacinths generally. As they have to be brought along at the dullest time of the year, it is of importance that root- action should be encouraged as much as possible. With a liberal addition of leaf-mould and river sand, there will be less danger of the roots becoming torpid, and water may be more freely applied without fear of bringing the compost into a close condition. Plenty of moisture must be given when the flower-spikes are pushing up, but in the depth of winter heavy waterings should be avoided. — C. Some Wall Shnibs. — Very pretty now is a 12-foot wall covered with several varieties of Ceanothus permitted to grow rather loosely from the walls. Berberis stenophylla is a splendid wall plant. Escallonia macrantha, Garrya elliptica, Euonymus radicans variegatus, and Forsythia suspensa are all good and reliable, and may be planted where the wall must always be in condition. Prepare the border and add some fresh compost before planting. Carnations and Picotees. — Layering has been completed for some time. As soon as the plants have become sufficiently rooted they may be removed from the parent plants, and should be planted out where they are to flower. The soil ought to be well prepared previously by trenching it, adding some rich manure, and if the ground has grown Carnations previously it should have an addition of good loam added to it. Place a layer of manure about 6 inches under the surface, and over the manure a layer of virgin loam ; it must be free from wireworms, for this voracious pest will soon destroy the finest specimens. We have planted out the principal lot of seedlings which have been produced from seed sown the first week in April. They are growing very freely, but have needed a good deal of attention as regards watering. A considerable number have not yet been planted out, but they have twice been planted in boxes, and are now stronger than those put out two months ago. We are now pre- paring ground for them, and they will be planted out probably before this is in print. The plants have been checked in their growth this year by thrips, the Carnation maggot, and green fly. All these depredators have had to be disposed of one after the other, but the plants were muoh crippled, and have now only started into good growth. We like to see good strong specimens, so that the layers may be abundant the year following. We have layered seedling plants this year with as many as sixty strong layers upon them, which gives one a good start for next season. Weakly plants will sometimes give less than a dozen layers. Two Sure-bearing Plums. — This is a season to test the bearing qualities of fruit trees, and those trees which bore well last year, and, in fact, bear well every year, are worth planting in duplicate. These are Victoria and Gisbournes. The Victoria is a well-known red Plum, but Gis- bournes is a yellow Plum, perhaps not so well known, but for jim making and as a cooking Plum it is unequalled. Gage Plums. — Some of the Gage Plums fail in some districts and are very disappointing. A gentleman of my acquaintance some eighteen years ago planted a lot of the old Green Gages, and after failing year after year, acting on advice, has decided to remove the trees of the old variety and plant the early and late trans- parent Gages and OuUin's Golden Gage. A few of the old trees will be regrafted as an experi- ment, but for the most part, as Plums soon come into bearing, young trees will be planted. Nigella Mixs Jekyll. — This is a lovely flower, deeper than the type and of larger size. It is an NIGELLA MISS JEKYLL (Reduced.) easily grown annual, and seed may be sown both in autumn and spring. Its pretty flowers veiled in bracts are useful for cutting. GARDENING OF THE WEEK. FLOWER GARDEN. HYDRANGEA HORTENSIS varietiea are about tbe showiest of shrubs id full bloom at the present time, so every encouraKement should be given them to develop their great heads of blooms perfectly, and to keep them in as fresh a condition as possible until as late in the season as the weather permits. With this end in view, see they do not suffer from want of water at the roots, alternating clear water soakings with diluted farmyard liquid manure, or instead, a weekly sprinkling of a good artificial manure. I have no experience in applying "nostrums" to the plants with the intention of producing the desired blue lint to the blooms, and have no faith in them. Most of ours are a beautiful blue shade as the plants increase in size and age. Those occupying sunny positions will be greatly benefited by a thorough syringing in the evening after a hot day ; it freshens the flower heads wonderfully. Under these conditions the heads of bloom are very enduring and lasting, so that there will be but few faded blooms to pick off until frost nips both bloom and foliage. Fuchsias.— Riccartoni, gracilis, globosa, and such are also bright with bloom, and need little attention further than to apply copious waterings when necessary. If neglected, the blooming season will be materially curtailed. Hypericdm moserianum is another beautiful August- flowering shrub, and associates well with both the preced- ing. It is not fastidious as to soil providing that it is not too wet, cold, and heavy, Olearia Haasti is another desirable shrub now in full bloom, pel haps not quite so showy as the foregoing, but is nevertheless very effective in groups and specimens, skirt- ing a wood or fringing the shrubberies. It has also the additional merit of being evergreen. Leycestkria FORMOSA is very interesting and pretty, with its chains of pendant reddish purple bracts, from the folds of which tiny white flowers appear ; following these closely, and nestling under the outspreading bracts, are oval- shaped berries in the various stages of colouring. The Leycesteria is quaint, distinct, and easily grown, all its requirements being a rich, fairly light soil, and cutting down to within a few eyes of the base every spring. Ceanothus azureus is another shrub which flowers freely through the greater part of the summer when trained to a wall or grown as a bush in the open. I have selected the above half-a-dozen types of shrubs as suitable for planting in association with each other in various ways and combinations, for all are free bloomers, flower about the same time, and continue in beauty over a very long season, each distinct in both leaf and flower, and each will need sheltered positions in cold, bleak districts. To ensure luxuriant growth and satisfactory bloom they require well-enriched soil, of a free nature, in warm and fairly sunny situations. For variety, distinctness, and effect they will prove both interesting and attractive throughout August and September, and some of them even later, and at a season when good-flowering shrubs are not over-plentiful. I draw attention to them now so that sites may be cleared — if need be— and prepared for them during the coming autumn and winter. The Qardens, Tan-y-bivlch, North Wales. J. ROBERTS. INDOOR GARDEN. Pelargoniums.— Prune back the show and regal varieties to within three or four buds of the current year's growth. Stand in a frame and begin syringing in about a week to induce them to break. When new shoots begin to push, shake off all the old soil, trim the roots, and repot into a size or two smaller pot. Use a compost of three-parts fibrous loam and one of leaf-mould, adding a little dried cow manure and plenty of silver sand. Keep rather closer for a few days, syringing as before. Zonal Varieties.— The most forward plants on which the buds are expanding may be transferred to a house where they will get as much li&ht as possible and plenty of air. The main batch must be transferred to a frame as heavy showers of rain are often experienced this month. Keep the lights near at hand so that they can be easily put on during bad weather. Do not stop the points of the shoots any more, but the buds may be removed till the end of the month. Give manure water twice a week. Roses.— These can be repotted or top - dressed as required. The plants repotted not being so satisfactory for early forcing, a portion only should be repotted each year. If the soil is in good condiiion, remove as much of the old soil as possible without injuring the roots, potting into a slightly larger size. When the soil is in bad condi- tion, shake U all off the roots, prune them if necessary, and repot into a smaller size pot. Use a compost of four parts good fibrous loam, one part leaf-mould and well- decayed manure, coarse silver sand, a little bone-meal, and soot. For top-dressing add more manure to the com- post in proportion. Prick over the surface of the soil with a label, removing the loose soil. See that the drainage is in good condition. Any weakly or sickly plants should be planted in the open ground or thrown on the rubbish heap. Place a small label or peg in the newly-potted plants for a guide later on when selecting plants for early forcing. Outside Plants.- September is with us, and it will now be necessary to attend to the potting up of the Bouvardias, Solanum Capsicastrum, and Richardias planted outside. A week or ten days previous to lifting chop round the plants with a spade, severing the roots from the plains for which there will be no room in the pots. This will prevent the plants feeling the moving so much. The day before lifting give the plants a good soaking of water. In transferring to the pots be careful not to break the balls of soil. General REMARKS.—fienty of cuttings can be obtained from the Fuchsias cut back for the purpose as advised in a previous calendar. A hot-bed is the best place to root them, but if this is not available place them in a close propagating frame, preferably with bottom-heat. Use 5-iuch puts with plenty of drainage, and insert fairly thickly in light, sandy soil. The early batch of Mignonette is ready for thinning if sown in the flowering pots. Spread the work over a week or two rather than thin all at once. Prick off it sown in a seed-pan. Pot up another batch of Freesias. Give the early Salvia splendens in the house plenty of room and all the sunlight possible to develop the bracts. Royal Botanic Gardens^ Kew. A. Osborn. ORCHIDS. MiLTONiA VEXlLLAiiA. —Plants of these well-known Orchids having commenced to grow should be examined to see if any of them require repotting. Those plants that are in a satisfactory condition as regards health, and are in pots of a suitable size, and the compost is in good con- dition, need not be disturbed now, the early months of the new year being preferable for the operation. In most collections some plants will have deteriorated, either through over-flowering or from various other causes. Such plants will require Immediate attention. Turn the plants out of their pots, and pick out all the old compost. Cut off all dead roots, and it is advisable to look carefully around the baae of each plant for wood-lice, as frequently numbers are to be fuund concealed among the short dead roots which were left on the plants last season. As a rule, Miltonia vexillaria prefers plenty of surface room for the roots to ramble in, but such delicate plants should be placed in small pots, and these should be filled with clean crocks to about three-quarters of their depth, over which place a layer of sphagnum moss. The compost should consist of three • quarters of sphagnum moss, one quarter fibrous peat, a little leaf -soil and silver sand, also a small quantity of small broken crocks well mixed together. After repotting, and for several months to come, water should be given sparingly. 146 THE GARDEN. [September 2, 1905. Merely sprinkle the compost around the edge of the pot with a floe rose wateciog-can to induce the sphagnum to grow and new roots to penetrate into the fresh compost. With proper care and attention these sickly plants will by next spring require repotting Into pots at least two sizes larger. Choose a shady position in the cool house for them, as the leaves soon shrivel and change colour if too much exposed to the light. The plants that are healthy may have a little of their old surface moss removed and fresh sphagnum put on, this being done principally as a guide for watering until the time comes for repotting them. The summer-flowerlDg varieties, as M. V. rubella and M. v. superba, will not require attention until the middle of next month. M. v. Leopoldii is now flowering, and is worth adding to any collection. M. Endresii and the beautiful hybrid M. bleuana and its variety nobilior are now in full growth. These should be in the intermediate house, and where they can obtain plenty of fresh air at all times. M. vexillaria and its varieties will be quite at home in the coolest house for the present, but when the nights are becoming oold they should be removed to the intermediate house. Such Orchids as the SOBRALIAS are not generally cultivated, but at Burford, where a number of species and hybrids are grown, they have been one of the principal attractions for several weeks past ; in fact, some of them have been in bloom for at least three or four months. All of the Sobrallas are strong-rooting plants, and require plenty of pot room. Those which have become pot-bound should be repotted, or specimens that have grown to an inconveniently large size may be divided at this season. Well drain the pot, and use a compost consisting of rough, flbry peat and sandy yellow loam In about equal parts, a moderate quantity of sphagnum moss, and small broken crocks. Mix the soil well together, and pot rather firmly, but not so hard as to prevent the water from perforating freely through the compost. Keep the soil about half an inch below the rim of the pot for water, a good deal of which is required during the growing season. After repotting water the plants with care and place them in a light position in the intermediate house. Large, well-rooted specimens that do not need repotting should be well supplied with water at all times, and by syringing well up under the foliage two or three times a day during warm weather they may easily be kept free from insect pests, which, if not eradicated, will quickly disfigure the leaves. As the plants become re-established and the new shoots are about IS inches or 2 feet in length, cut this years flowering growths down to the roots, and tie out the new growths so that light and air may pass freely between them. Burford Gardens, Dorking. W. H. White. KITCHEN GARDEN. Frknch Beans.— We are now approaching a period when delicacies in the form of appetising vegetables will be scarce. Green Peas in the course of a few weeks will finish their season. Fortunately, however, French Beans form an excellent substitute, and in the majority of places various methods are adopted to grow them after the out- side crop is finished, and some of these should immediately be put into practice. Very fair supplies can be obtained from French Beans planted in 9-inch pots and grown in heated pits. Better supplies, however, both as regards quantity and quality may be forthcoming if a Cucumber or Melon house, where the crops are now over, is prepared for French Beans. The climbing varieties are decidedly the best, and the soil that has grown the Melons or Cucum- bers, with a little artificial manure, constitutes a first-rate soil in which to grow them. Make sure first that the roof and all wood-work is thoroughly cleansed, and the surface of the bed removed to ascertain that no vermin is present in order that future trouble with insect pests may be avoided. During the spring months climbing French Beans are much aided by a gentle warmth at their roots, and if the structure they grow in is provided with bottom- heat so much the better. Watering will require careful attention, but if the plants have become a good size before the days are very short a long and prolific season will be the result. Besides training the climbing Beans up strings, as recommended in the calendar for February 11, I have on several occasions had very good results from growing them in lU-inch pots and supporting them with some ordinary Pea stakes about 2i feet high. If three-twig pieces of stake are thrust into the soil of each pot and tied at the top with a piece of string, a good conical trellis is immediately formed to which the runners will cling. Cabbage.— Plots of ground— one portion on a sheltered border for earliest supplies, and another on a well-exposed yet sheltered piece of ground in the open for second supplies— should now be made ready for growing the Cabbages that are to be cut next spring. Cabbages are sometimes grown on ground that has just been cleared of the Onion crop, but better ones can be grown on ground properly prepared for them at this time. The Onion being a gross feeder, it happens that very little food is left in the soil where Onions have been grown for any succeeding crop. Cabbages, like Lettuces, if not grown quickly when their season of growth arrives, are apt to be tough and stringy, and consequently lacking the crisp and juicy hearts which are expected. Let a piece of ground where Potatoes have been grown, and that was well limed last spring, be forked over, so that no Potatoes are left in the ground. A good dressing of soot all over the plots of ground where the Cabbages are to be planted, and stirred in with the digging-fork just before planting, will be bene- ficial to their future welt-being, as this acts as a manure and helps to keep slugs at bay. PkaS.— Where young Broccolis, autumn Cauliflowers, Btusseli Sprouts, &c., are growing between the rows of Peas, the latter should be removed as soon as the Pea crop is «ver, in order that all the Brassicas may have full advantage of all available light and air. Let the old Pea haulm be cleared away to the rubbish heap to be burned, in case any mildew may be about. J. Jeffrey. The Gnrdenj^-, St. Mari/'.s Isle, Kirkcvdbn'ght. FRUIT GARDEN. Late Vines.— So far this season has been greatly in favour of late Grapes being well finished. Very little flre- heathas been needed ; on the contrary, there has been much difficulty in keeping the houses from becoming too hot, con- sequently the Grapes are showing a tendency to become ripe at an earlier date than usual. Great care will be needed in ventilating and heating the house till the Grapes are cut. The pipes must not be heated to excess, neither must the temperature be allowed to rise too rapidly before increasing the ventilation, or the berries will not remain long In a plump condition after they are ripe. Less moisture will be needed now, both at the roots and in the atmosphere, but on no account must the border be allowed to become too dry, as this will cause the berries to shrivel. Pinch out all laterals as they appear. Gathering and Protecting Fruit.— In this month much attention must be devoted to gathering and pro- tecting all kinds of fruit. With most crops below the average more stringent measures will be needed to prevent the depredations of the hordes of insects and birds which abound at this season. Unfortunately, cold winds and late spring frosts have no effect on these pests, so that with less fruit for them to attack the amount of damage will appear in much greater proportion than usual. Peaches and Nectarines especially must be well protected. Fish-netting hung over the trees will keep off birds. Earwigs may be caught in dry Bean-stalks placed about the trees. These should be examined every morn- ing, blowing the insects into a bottle half-filled with water. Wasps and flies may be attracted into jars half-filled with sugary water and vinegar. The nests of wasps must be looked for and destroyed. Before fruit gathering becomes general the fruit-room should be thoroughly cleansed. Ltmewash the walls, and remove old straw or anything that may create an unwholesome atmosphere, which in time would be imparted into the flavour of the fruit. Gathering should be done carefully and methodically. The best fruits should be placed in single layers on trays and taken to the fruit-room without delay. Bruised fruits should on no account be placed with sound ones, but should be laid aside for immediate use. In dull or wet weather Peaches should be gathered before they are quite ripe and placed in a warm house, which will improve the flavour. Peaches that are needed for preserving should be gathered before they are quite ripe and placed in a cool room. Over-ripe fruits are quite unsuitable for preserving purposes. E. Harriss. Fruit Department, Royal Gardens, Windsor. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. LATE-PLANTED VEGETABLES. [hi reply to " W. J. H'."] IT frequently happens that planting is delayed owing to various causes ; for instance, during a long spell of hot, dry weather the planting may have been delayed, but, done at once, the warm, moist earth forces growth and the plant soon makes headway. It should be borne in mind that it is not always the largest plants that stand a severe winter, as frequently we plant Brussels Sprouts late for the latest supply, and these plants are less injured than larger ones. Brussels Sprouts if strong will give a good return ; the Sprouts will be small but good, and as hard as possible, and the plants could go much closer. Again, take other Brassicas, such as Rales or Cabbage of the Savoy type ; both these make rapid growth if in rich soil and with ample moisture. When required, these late- planted seedlings will give a good return. We are asked what may be planted, and, as our correspondent lives in a favoured spot in Cardi- ganshire, even now French Beans may be sown on a sheltered border, using a variety that matures quickly, such as Syon House Improved, Ne Plus Ultra, or Mohawk. Any of these will supply pods within six weeks, and are easily given shelter on cold nights. Treated thus, good pro- duce may be had until the end of October. In a kitchen garden much may be done by manage ment or a little care ; for instance. Cabbage planted now should give a good return in the autumn. There will be no diflBoulty whatever now in Beouring a full supply of Coleworts and Cabbage The Rosette for early winter, and the Hardy Green for use after the new year. These may be planted in quantity in rich land. The first-named will be ready by October, and few green vegetables are more delicious. Owing to their quick growth they are equal to the early spring Cabbage. They require very little room — 15 inches each way, or even less. There are other excellent little Cabbages, such as Little Gem, that will keep good well into the spring. These now may be more difficult to secure, but this is just the season for the Colewort. Spinach should be an important factor in the supply from October to May. In your locality this should do well, and Spinach, apart from its value as a green vegetable, is so distinct from the Brassicas that it should be largely planted in all gardens. It has good medicinal properties, and may be eaten where other vegetables are forbidden. Sown now on well-dug land, using soot and lime freely, it will be ready for use in two months. The best variety is The Victoria or The Carter. Both are round-leaved varieties. Leeks planted now will be most useful for use after Christmas, and, though not large, they will be good. They need not occupy so much space. We plant for late use in rows 15 inches apart, and half that distance between the plants. Of course, it is too late to sow, but plants are procurable. Now is the time to sow winter Onions of the White Spanish or Tripoli type. The young plants may be used in a green state, and the main crop is invaluable for spring supplies. Sow thinly and in an open position. Salads should find a place in all gardens as adjuncts to the vegetable supply. Though now fully late to sow Endive, small plants winter well of the Round-leaved Batavian and Green Curled varie- ties. Sown thinly in rows and then thinned, the plants will not be at all poor if the land is good. Lettuce sown now will soon make good material for the salad bowl. Sow a quick-hearting variety, such as Golden Queen, for use in September, and the Hammersmith Hardy Green for winter. If a Cos variety is liked, sow Hicks' Hardy or Bath or Brown Cos ; the first-named for early autumn use, the latter for winter and spring. Celery may be planted any time this month if you can secure good seedlings, and, though the plants will not be large, they will be sweet and useful, and keep good well into the spring. The plants will do well if given ample moisture at the start. We now come to roots, and these will not be numerous, as the majority require time to per- fect growth. You may yet secure small Beetroot if such sorts as the Crimson Ball or Globe type are sown on an open border in good soil. Carrots of the Short Horn section. Early Nantes, or Scarlet Horn sown now will give good roots for use all through the winter. These are quite hardy, and if sown in light land, well dressed with soot and lime, will be good till May, and may be drawn as required for use. Turnips sown now will give a winter supply, and such sorts as Red Globe or Golden Ball will be found useful. The last is a very hardy root, and will keep sound until the spring. In addition, late-sown Turnips give a good supply of green tops, which many like early in the spring months. Red Globe is one of the best for autumn and midwinter supplies. Sown thinly and thinned early the roots will be fit for use in October. The above are the most important winter and spring vege- tables. FRENCH BEANS IN AUTUMN. Towards the end of September choice vegetables are getting scarce, and those who like French Beans to be served as long as possible can secure a much later supply by sowing in August. lu the southern part of the country, with a rich root-run and protection in the shape of canvas or tiffany when the nights are frosty, the supply may be had for a considerable time. In our own case we adopt two courses. A good sowing is made on a sheltered border, and another one towards the end of the month in frames. The plants in the frames are grown as hardy as September 2, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 147 possible, the Bashes not being used till the weather is cold. This done the plants are sturdy, set freely, and give a supply till the end of the year. Few vegetables make a quicker growth than the French Bean if the soil is warm and favourable to germination, but at the latter part of the year, with short days and little sun- heat, even when grown in heat under glass, the return is not great ; indeed, there are many failures, but earlier, if a strong plant is secured and the crop set, the pods will swell if a little attention is given in the shape of heat and moisture. Many are unable to spare glass at the season named, so many things requiring shelter, and here a few dishes may be had by sowing on a sheltered border much in the same way that an early crop would be sown in the spring, but I should add that even in the south and west there should be no delay, as the plants should be strong and set freely before frosts occur. In the early autumn it often happens that we get a frost, and no more for weeks after. Here the plant will be valuable if the crop is covered at night with canvas or sheeting of any kind, and on a narrow border this is soon done. We place wire on short posts, and covering is soon done, but this should be removed early in the day. In the northern part of the kingdom I would advise frame culture, though near the coast I have gathered French Beans from a warm border in November. So much depends upon the soil and situation. In a heavy elay or wet soil this system would not be advisable. If the plants can be sown any time in August and a little warmth given in the shape of hot-water pipes later on, frame culture is most profitable, pro- vided the sepds are sown sufiBciently early to get a good set before the dark days set in. The usual time for plants to mature pods is from six weeks to two months, and this must be taken into account when sowing. To sow in September or October would end in failure. I am aware many grow plants in hot houses in November and December, but I have never seen a really good crop at that date. The plants grow freely, but the flowers drop, hence the necessity of a good set at the time named. Our best late Bean grown in frames for December supply was Early Gem, a seedling from the well-known Syon House and Mohawk, or Six Weeks is also excellent. It is a quick grower, a larger pod than Syon House, and most productive. This was sowq late in August, and grown as hardy as possible. Veitch's Eirly Favourite is also a splendid Bean for this work ; indeed, any early sort is suitable if dwarf and productive. When grown in the open, I mean on a sheltered border, there should be ample room between the rows, and in the row there must be no crowding of plants, as at the season named air must at all times circulate freely. This also applies to the frame culture. G. Wythes. LEGAL POINTS, Sbttlbd Land Acts (Tenant for Life). — Settled land may be sold or leased by the tenant for life. Ordinary leases may be granted for a, period of twenty-one years, building leases ninety- nine years, and mining leases sixty years. A tenant for life when exercising his powers is in the position of a trustee for all parties entitled under the settlement, and must have due regard to their interests. He must sell at the best price and lease at the best rent that can reasonably be obtained. Every lease must take effect in posses- sion not later than twelve months after its date. Except in the case of leases for twenty-one years, a tenant for life cannot exercise his powers unless there are trustees of the settlement for the purposes of the Settled Land Acts. Trustees having a power of sale are trustees for the purposes of the Acts. If there are no trustees the Court will appoint trustees on the application of the tenant for life. The expense of such an application is usually small. Before the tenant for life can exercise his powers he must give notice to the trustees of his intention to do so, but the notice may be of a general character. The principal mansion-house and the lands usually occupied therewith cannot be sold or leased by the tenaat for life without the consent of the trustees or an order of the Court, but this pro- vision does not apply where the principal mansion- house is usually occupied as a farm-house or where the site of the house and the lands usually occupied therewith do not together exceed twenty- five acres. The property of an infant may be sold or leased under the provisions of the Settled Land Acts by the trustees of the settlement or by some person appointed by the Court to exer- cise on behalf of the infant the powers of a tenant for life. Fire [L. C, Brighton). — If a fire commences on A's property, and B's property is injured in consequence of it, B cannot recover damages against A if the fire was accidental. If, how- ever, the fire was due to the negligence of A or his servants, B may recover. Railway companies are not responsible for fires caused by sparks from their engines if they have taken every pre- caution known to science to prevent injury. They are only liable if guilty of negligence. Where, however, a locomotive or traction engine is used on a highway, the person using it is liable for any fires occasiooed, as the Acts of Parlia- ment regulating the use of such engines expressly reserve the right of action for any injury they may cause. TO ANSWERS CORRESPONDENTS. RULES FOR CORRESPONDENTS. Questions and Aaa\rers,—The Editor intends to make The Garden helpful to all readers who desire assist' ance, no matter what the branch of gardening -may be, and with that object will make a special feature of the *' Answers to Correspondents" column. All communications should be clearly and concisely written on one side of the paper only, and addressed to the Editor of The Garden, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Letters on bus-i- ness should be sent to the Pcblisher. The lutme and address of the sender are required in addition to any designation he may desire to be used in the paper. When more than one query is sent, each should be on a separate piece of paper. Legal Points.— We are prepared to answer qtiestions of law which have anything to do with the subject of gardening and forestry. The questions should be as clear and explicit as possible, so tka.t there can be n» doubt as to the point of the question. Answers will be found in a separate column headei **Lefai Points." Inside v. Ootsidb Vine Bordeks (G.W. B.). By all means plant your Vines inside, especially if you are planting Muscats, as by so doing you will have full command of the roots, prevent shanking, and be able ti3 feed better. There are also several other advantages. Vines inside are more trouble to water, more being required. Hardy Border Chrxsanthemums (Veld). — Both Horace Martin ami Ryeoroft Glory are unduly tall if the plants have attained a height of nearly 5 feet. From what you say we think you must have planted them in a very rich soil. Rich and heavily manured ground invariably promotes coarse and rank growth. You may have watered your plants freely during spells of hot and dry weather, and this is unnecessary. We have these plants growing in our collections, and they are less than 3 feet high. They seldom attain a height of more than 3 feet 6 inches. The secreli of keeping these plants dwarf and sturdy is to plant them in not over rich, or, as we prefer, jpoor soil. The planting, also, should be done firmly. Manure water should be applied freely when the buds are set and growth is almost finished. When outdoor Chrysanthemums are pinched they (the shoots) are so liable to break out from the main stem ; we therefore discourage this treatment. Chrysanthemum Buds (Anxious One). — Your Chrysanthemums are doing all that is required of them if they are now developing buds as the result of pinching the plants in mid-June last. The bud you refer to as appearing in the centre of several shoots is known as a crown bud, and to secure, or what we generally describe as to retain, these crown buds, the young and tender shoots which surround each bud should be removed, and with the greatest care. As soon as all the surrounding shoots are removed, the bud is left quite alone at the apex of the long shoot, and it is then retained. The latter part of August is an excellent time to retain most buds. You are therefore doing very well with your plants. The Best Twelve Pelargoniums (Aberdeen). As individual tastes vary to a very great extent, it is a very difficult matter to name a dozen of the best single-flowered zonal Pelargoniums and half that quantity of the double forms. Still, the following are all of the very best and quite distinct: Smgle — Comtesse of Buckingham, pink ; Cyclops, violet-carmine, with large white eye ; Duke of Bedford, rich crimson ; Lady Laurier, salmon ; Lady Warwick, white, with a Picotee margin of lake ; Mr. T. E. Green, orange ; Mrs. Simpson, white, with a ring of scarlet around a large white centre ; Nicholas II., scarlet ; Oliver, scarlet, large white centre, suffused magenta ; Royal Purple, bright purple ; Sir Wilfrid Laurier, vivid magenta, large white centre ; and White Lady, pure white. Double — Agrippa d'Aubigne, deep crimson ; Bertha de Presily, pink ; Charles Gounod, scarlet, white centre ; Champ de Neige, pure white ; Golden Glory, orange ; and Rene Bazin, salmon. Several nurserymen make a speciality of this class of Pelargonium, and among them Messrs. H. Cannell and Sons of Swanley, Kent, stand in the foremost rank. There is scarcely a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society throughout the year at which their Pelargoniums are not seen. Mr. H. J. Jones of Lewisham also grows an extensive collection and exhibits largely, while of late Messrs. Baker of Lichfield Street, Wolverhampton, have shown some fine collec- tions. Carpet Plants tor Bed of Azaleas ( Wor- cester).— For carpeting the ground of your Azalea bed you could not possibly do better than employ the low-growing hardy Heaths. We should, however, prefer to plant the Erica carnea on the outside, and Erica vulgaris towards the middle, as the first named is the more compact grower of the two. There is, however, no need to limit yourself to the two named, as there are four distinct species with, in the case of two of them, a great many varieties. The four are : Erica mediterranea hybrida, whose rosy purple blossoms are often borne quite a month before Christmas, from which time it will continue in beauty till spring is well advanced ; Erica carnea and its white variety, which commence to flower early in the new year ; Erica oinerea, at its best about midsummer, and whose flowers vary from white to deep red ; lastly comes Erica vulgaris (the Heather), whose range of colour is as great as that of the preceding. This blooms in autumn, so that by employing the four you will have flowers throughout the greater part of the year. A further variety might be introduced by planting a few of the Lilies that would be likely to succeed under these conditions, such as L. auratum, L. Browni, L. Hansoni, L. Henryi, L. longiflorum, L. speciosum and its varieties, L. testaceum, and L. tigrinum. These Lilies would keep up a display from the latter part of June till the autumn. 148 THE GARDEN [ September 2, 1905. Culture of Freesias (John Gardner).— \. The middle of September is quite late enough to pot even the latest Freesias, for it must be borne in mind that the bulbs are small and suffer greatly if kept out of the ground too long. We prefer potting by the end of August. 2. Freesia Leichtlini major is not more difficult to grow than F. refraota alba, and the treatment required is the same. 3. It is not necessary to plunge the pots, neither should they be shaded from the light, as the object is to encourage as sturdy a growth as possible, for Freesias quickly become weakly unless they have plenty of light and air. Growing Endive (D. Z*.).— It is now too late to sow Endive in the North in the open. Tnat should have been done in the middle of July. Your best plan now to get a full supply would be to plant somestrongseedlings in good soiland plantin frames in the autumn. On the other hand, you have another course open which may be easier, and that is now to make up lost time to sow in boxes in cold frames, or even broadcast in the frame, and when the seedlings are large enough prick them out in rich soil, say 12 inches apart, in the frames you intend to winter the plants in. This done, remove the sashes till well on in the autumn, and you will get good material for salad from October to March. Endive is more useful than Lettuce. It winters better if not kept too damp. The same treatment is necessary, and you would do well to plant a few of the smaller seedlings in boxes for a late supply. Small plants of the Batavian Round-leaved will be most serviceable. These may be wintered in any fruit houses at rest during the midwinter months. The two best Endives are the one named above, which is the hardiest of all, and the Green Curled, an ornamental but more tender variety. Salads for Winter Use (D. D.).—To get good salad in winter it is necessary to have a strong plant before you fill your frames in the autumn. For instance, you must lose no time in sowing Lettuce for the purpose on an open border. Sow very thinly, prick out as soon as large enough to handle in rich soil, and then late in October or early November, according to the season, lift carefully with a good ball of earth and roots, and plant in the frames for the winter supply. For this purpose some prefer Cabbage to Cos varieties ; you may want both, and we should not sow the largest growers, but those of compact growth, hardy, and of good colour. All the Year Round or Victoria are excellent. Hammersmith Hardy Green is one of the hardiest, and may be used from December to March. The best Cos are Sutton's Little Gem and Black - seeded Bath ; the first is a splendid frame Lettuce. In planting in frames the soil should be made quite firm as each plant is put in position, and the plants freely exposed in mild weather. Give ■ extra covering at night to keep out severe frost. Damp is often more fatal than frost, so that you must maintain a free circulation of air when possible. Remove all decaying matter when necessary, and from the time of planting very little moisture will be required if a good soaking is given to settle the plants at the start. The iplants should be only a few inches from the i glass. Planting Strawberries (D. D. ). — You should Hose no time in planting Strawberries if you want igood fruit next season. You are favoured with a ^suitable soil, good position, and, we may add, a imost favourable locality for late fruits. The varieties you name, Royal Sovereign and Viscomtesse H^ricart de Thury (or Garibaldi, as it is known in the North) are very early sorts, and you require mid-season and late varieties ; but even in favoured Scotland, to get very late dishes, or, say, the early part of September, you will do well to plant on a cool site for the season named also the latest variety. You will find President still one of the best for mid-season, a free grower, very hardy, a grand cropper, and of splendid flavour. President, planted on an open border, will follow Royal Sovereign. We would then advise you to follow the President with Aberdeen Favourite, a grand North Country Strawberry, large and good. This will give you fruit during the latter part of August. For latest work we would advise Laxton's Latest, a new fruit of splendid quality, or Givon's Late Prolific. Both are very fine and of good quality ; the last-named is not a strong grower, and needs good cultivation. There is an old and very late variety that did well with us in the North, and that is Oxonian, or Eleanor. It is very late, but of poor quality. Culinary Peas Diseased (T. C). — You have given us no cultural details, and without these we are in a difficulty. In the first place we have no knowledge of the soil, if heavy or light, what food has been used, and if artificial foods were used at all freely, as with the hot weather the plants would collapse. Again, have you given help in the way of moisture, or have the plants had sufficient room ? Judging from the appearance of the plants sent, they look as if you had sown too thickly. This done, the heat and drought for only a few days would cause the mischief. Only two weeks ago we saw a lot of Peas being gfown for seed purposes by those who should have known better, as the seeds were sown like Mustard and Cress. The result was failure. In wet weather the plants may have pulled through, but not in such a summer as we have this year had. We will gladly help you if you can give us a few details of culture. In writing again would you tell us the names of the Peas, when sown, and space between the rows ; ground if heavy or light. Fern Fronds and Vine Leaf {W. E. G.). All are badly infested with the ordinary thrips (Heliothrips Adonidum). It is evident that you have had a very dry atmosphere in the house, and probably too much artificial heat. Both of the Ferns are hardy, and when grown in warmth are liable to get overrun with thrips. You can do nothing with the Vine now except to give it a good syringing and damp all parts of the house. Put the Ferns out of doors. You might cut the fronds off and dip the crowns in any ordinary insecticide. To prevent a recurrence of the trouble on the Vine after the Grapes are cut throw the house open, thoroughly soak all parts with water, clean off all loose bark from the Vine after the pruning is done, which should be in December, then paint the stems with any ordinary insecticide, adding some sulphur, and use it about double the strength given in the instructions. And even then, unless you keep up a moist atmosphere, you may be troubled with the same pest another season. In the early part of the season if the trouble appears fumi- gating with the liquid XL All is the best remedy, but this must be done at least three times in about a week, as those in a larvfe state will not be affected, and it is only by successive fumiga- tions that they can be eradicated. Small Flowering Bushes (Lancaster). — As the Lemon-scented Verbena survives the winter with you, there is no doubt that the Myrtle will be equally satisfactory. The garden varieties of Veronica, too, are beautiful flowering shrubs of neat growth, at their best in the autumn, while a succession of flowers is often kept up till winter. Three of the very finest varieties are Diamant, crimson ; La Seduisante, purple ; and Reine des Blanches, white. The following shrubs can all be recommended for your purpose : Abelia rupestris, a neat growing little shrub about 3 feet high, that bears pretty blush-coloured flowers throughout the summer. Cboisya temata (Mexican Orange Flower), a neat evergreen that can be kept to a height of 5 feet, and in early summer, when studded with its white sweet- scented blossoms, it is verv beautiful. Cotoneaster horizontalis, only about 18 inches in height, but will spread for some distance in a horizontal direction. The minor branches are arranged in an extremely regular manner. The scarlet berries and decaying leaves in autumn render it very bright. Cornus Spathi, a variety of the Siberian Dogwood, with bright golden foliage, which is intensified by exposure to the summer's sun. Cydonia japonica (Japanese Quince), which is represented in our gardens by numerous forms, may be kept as a bush 4 feet to 5 feet in height, though it is usually treated as a wall plant. Deutzia discolor purpurascens, one of the best of the Deutzia family, will, when about 4 feet in height, bear its pretty pink flowers in great pro- fusion. The white blossoms of D. gracilis, which is rather less in stature than the preceding, are also very effective. Both these flower in the spring. Escallonia philippi^a, the hardiest of the Escallonias, will reach a height of 6 feet, though it may be kept down somewhat less than that. It blooms about midsummer. Hypericum oblongifolium, a handsome Saint John's Wort, seen at its best as a bush from 4 feet to 5 feet in height, and laden with its golden blossoms. The dwarfer growing H. moserianum is in its way equally beautiful. Kerria japonica variegata is, unlike the vigorous double-flowered form, a twiggy, rounded bush, whose leaves are prettily variegated with white, and for some time during the summer it is dotted over with single blossoms of a palish yellow tint. Magnolia stellata, a charming little shrub about 3 feet high, which towards the end of April is laden with pure white flowers somewhat suggesting a small Water Lily. Olearia Haasti, a neat growing Box-like bush, absolutely covered with clusters of little white flowers in August. Oamanthus ilicifolius purpureus, a Holly-like shrub, whose leaves are of a pleasing purplish tinge. Philadelphus Lemoinei and P. Lemoinei Boule de Neige are low-growing varieties of the Mock Orange, the first with single and the second with double flowers. Lilies likely to suit your purpose are ; Lilium Browni, L. bulbiferum, L. candidum, L. ohalcedonicum, L. croceum, L. dauricum in variety, L. elegans in variety, L. Hansoni, L. longiflorum, L. Martagon, L. monadelphum, L. pomponium, L. pyrenaicum, L. testaceum, and L. tigrinum. With the additional shade afforded by the shrubs we should be inclined to again try L. speciosum, while the erratic L. auratum is such a grand Lily that it can scarcely be dispensed with, and there is always the chance of it succeeding. Propagating Tiger Lilies (A. M. C). — We advise that you sow the bulbils in the open ground at once. Choose a site partially shaded by some fruit or other tree, dig deeply, and work a liberal quantity of leaf-soil and sand with the upper stratum. Sow as you would garden Peas, in drills — this makes it easier to weed and keep clean — and cover with not more, but rather less, than 2 inches of sandy soil. Cover the site with an old piece of canvas or Russian matting till spring, when they will push through the soil in quantity. Water as may be required during summer and mulch with more leaf-soil and sand in the following winter. When two years old lift all the bulbs, sort out the largest and plant them in a prepared bed. These should flower in the fourth year splendidly, but there will be a few laggards that may await the fifth year. It is better to lift and change the site in the second year from sowing ; they grow much faster in a loose, friable soil than they would in the old "seed" beds. In your warm and moist climate Tiger Lilies do not lose so many basal roots, and we are of opinion that you should flower many in the third year from planting the bulbils. Keep a sharp look out for slugs always. Plants for Graves (M. B.).—la order to furnish a grave in a permanent manner so that it requires but little attention, the plants proposed would answer very well. The Mossy Saxifrage makes a neat carpet, and it should be planted thinly so as to allow bulbous things such as Snowdrops, Crocuses, small Daffodils, and other similar plants to come up freely in between. A good permanent carpet that always looks tidy is provided by Saxifraga umbrosa (London Pride), but this plant would grow rather too dense to September 2, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 149 allow the bulbs to come up and flower as they should do, A charming little creeping plant is Acseua m crophylla, with its bronzy foliage and globular beads of brilliantly-coloured spines, which last throughthe summer and autumn. Glory of the Snow easily pushes its way through this, so would Anemone apennina and Snowdrops. To produce the best results the soil must not be too rich and heavy, and it should also be raised a little above the surrounding level, as the Ac%na colours most brilliantly when growing on a rather dry ledge or bank. If planted thinly it will not require attention for a long time, as it is not a rampanl grower where the soil is poor. To relieve the flatness one or two dwarf shrubby plants of slow growth might be introduced, such as variegated Euonymus, which should be cut back annually to a convenient size. Peach Stones Cracked (New Castle). — This is caused by the defective fertilisation of the flowers when the tree is in bloom. This process must be as'ujlasii ; if the shrivelled-up flower is white, which it appears t" he, the shrub is Spira;i j iponica (call'isa) alba; narrow Ie«ves and slender shoots without flowers, 8piiied Thunbergi ; other specimen, Phillyrea angustifolia. Short Rbplies. — TT —" Familiar Wild Flowers" (Cassell and Co., Ludgate Hill, London) would suit you. SOCIETIES. CROYDON HORTICrLTURAL SOCIETY. This society held its annual excursion recently, when, ill ideal weaiher, a trip wai made to the R. lyal Horticultural Society's gardens at Wi^Iey Common. Apart tiom the interest, in the gardens, the drive down and back, a distance of nver forty miles, was in itself enj-tyable. On arrival at Wialey luncheon was provided at the Hut H'tel. On the return j-mruey tea was pnrtuken of at the Bear Hotel, Esher. The visit to the gardens was much enjoyed. GLEN KENS. The Glenkens Horticultural Society had a very satisfac- tory show in the Town Hall, New GiUoway, on the 10th ult. Vegetahles were unusually g i..d even for this show, and the high quality of the txhiliits was much praised by the judge and the visitors. Pot plants and tiouquets were also excel. ent. The cottage garden awards fur he four adjoining oarishes were declared as follows ; Dairy, Mr. B. Devline ; KelU, Mr. W. Wilson ; Balmaclellan, Mr. G. Rusaell ; Carsphairn, Mr. J. S. Martin. URR AND DALBEATTIE. This flourishing society held its ninth annual show on the lith ult., when there were about the usual number of entries, and the quality of the exhibits was generally of a high order. The most successful exhibitors in the various sections were Mr. Q. Aird, H-irdgate ; Mr. J. Austin, Hardirate ; Mr. J. Martin, Dtlbsattie ; Messrs. Fergusson and Sons, Dalbeattie ; Mrs. Giss, Haugh Mill ; and Mr. J. Walker, H.rdgate. The bronze BiUksian medal of the Ri.yal Hurticultural Society was awarded to Mr. Quiiitin Aird, Hardgate, who won the largest total amount i.f money in prizes at the show. Messrs. Toogiod's prizes for exhibitors making most points (former winners excmded) weie awarded to Mr. J. Martin, Mrs. Gass, and Mr. J. Walker in the order given. A stand of fine Roses sent for exhifiition by Messrs. J. Palmer and Son, Limited, Annan, was much admired, the R 'Ses including the best of the older and several new sorts. UNITED HORTICULTURAL BENEFIT AND PROVIDENT SOCIETY. The monthly committee meeting of this society was held at ihe R'tyal H iriiculiural Hill, Vincent Squnre, West- minster, on Monday evening, iheHth ult., Mr. Charles H. Curtis in the chnir. Five new members weie elected. The amount paid f<>r sickness during the past five weeks was £30 3s., nine members being on the sick fund at the present time, Ave of whom are on half pay. BISHOP'S SrORTFORD. The thirty-sixth annual show of the abive society was held on the Itjih ult., at The Grange, by kind permission of John Barker, E^q., and the results eclipsed the efforts of previous ye>th keen and creditable. lu the nurseiymen's classes the leading places were taken by Messrs. D. and W. Croll, Dundee, and Messrs. J. Simpson and Sons, Dundee, the Roses shown by these firms being splendid for the season. AmoHE the leading exhibitors in the gardeners' section were Mr. R. N. Simpson, The Pines; Mr. D. K. Meston, The Lodge; Mr. R. W. Saunders, Lismore ; Mr. D. Saunders, Tay Park; Mr. W. Dickson, Adderley ; and Mr. VV. Holman. View Bank. In the cut flower section the same exhibitors were generally prominent, and in those for fruit and vegetables Mr. W. Ro8*», The Buchties, Mr. James Orchison, and Mr. J. Beats, Binrock, distinguished themselves highly. LEITH HORTICULTURAL. The twenty-secfind ahow of thia society, opened in the Victoria Park, Leith, on the IS h ult., was one of the finest yet held, and the entries showed a alight increase even over those of last year, there being about 700 in the horticultural sections. The tables of plants and floral designs were exceedingly good, and all through the show was a highly satisfactory one. In the class for a table of plants arranged to produce artistic effect, Mr. P. Hunt was first with one of much beauty, Mr. J. Alexander being second Mr. P. Mnclaughlan waa first in the gardeners' cla3s for a table 10 feel by 4 feet, and Mr. W. Bryson was first in a similar class for amateurs. In the classes for floral designs and shower bouquets, open to fruiterers, florists, and jobbing gardeners of Leith and E'linburgh, Messrs. A. M'Nicol and Co. had the best floral design, the same firm coming in first with the shower bouquet. In the open class for twenty-four Roses Messrs. James Cocker and Sor-s, Aberdeen, were first, Messrs. Dicksons and Co., EHnburgh, coming next with a good' exhibit. Messrs. Cocker secured the first prize for twenty-four September 2, 1905.' THE GARDEN. 151 bunches or spikes of herbaceous plants. In the gardeners' classes several amateurs competed with ci'Dspicuous success, but the pressure of space at this season will prevent details <•! these and the amateurs' classes. In the former, however, such winners as Mr. J. Fras-r, Mr. P. Hunt, Mr .J. R-issell, Mr. W. T. Bryson, Mr. T C. Rudgers, Mr. P. Maclaughlan, Mr. A. Mackenzie, Mr. J. M'D maid, aud Mr. William Rubertson may be nam^d as among the leading prizewinners. Unfortunately, the gale of the Saturday morning completely wrecked the large marquee, and this part of the show had thus to be closed. Much damage was done to plants. SHREWSBURY FLORAL FETE. The thirty-first great annual floral fete of the Shropshire Horticultural Society wns held on Wednesday and "Thurs- day, the 23rd and 24rh ult., in the Quarry Grounds, Shrewsbury, and was, as usual, a most successful exhihi- tiun of flowers, fruit, and vegetables. C'ropetition was very keen in many of the classes. The silver cup i.flTered in ihe champion Grape class was won again by Mr. W. Shingler, gardener to Lord Hastings, Mellon Co'istahle. He was first in the champion Grape class in 1902, 1904, and again this yeir, but ha"* only won the cup once while Under the present Lord Hastings, who is regarded as the exhibitor. Mr. Guodacre won the first prize in 1903 Nowhere can there be seen such a magnificent display of garden produce as at the Shrewsbury ?hi>w, and as this annual fet*' cones and goes one feels that it stands as a powerful iriiiute lo the untiring energy of the hou. secre- taries, Mr. H. W. Adnitt and Mr, W. W. Naunton. Fruit. The first class in the fruit section is lor a dessert table, decorated with plants and flowers. The first prize was won by Mr. J. H. Goi'dacre, Elvaston Castle Gardens, Derby, wiih, needless to say, a splendid lot of fruit and tastefully-arranged fiowers (132 point*). The Madrestield Court and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes. Newtown Pippin Apples, Bellegarde Peaches, and filruge Nectarines were perfect, a charming decoration consisting of Francoa ramosa (white) and Montbretia (orange), with suitable greenery. Mr. G. Mulllna, Eastnor Castle Gardens, was second with 126 points; third, Mr. F. Joidan, Impney Hall Girdens, Droitwieh, with 113 points ; fourth, Mr. J. Dawes. Ledbury Park Gardens, with lll.V puints; fifth, Mr. R. Dfxwea, Temple Newsam Gardens, with 106i points. The champion Grape class brought some splendid exhi- bits, the silver cud (value bO guiueas) and £20 cash finally being awarded to Mr. W. Shingler, head gardener to L'tiI Hastings, Melton Constable, whose Grapes gained 112' points. The only bunches thst obtained maximum p-iintc were two of Alnwick Seedling. Mr. G '"dacre, Elvaston Castle Gaidene, Derby, was second »ith 109 points ; third, Mr, Cairns, gardentr to J. Martin White, E-q , Balruddery, N.B , with 95 points; fourth, and third for decuratinD, Mr. G. Mulltus, E .stnor Castle Gardens (90 p«.ints) ; fifth, and second fur decoration, Mr. R Dawes, Temple Newsam (76 puims). The fli st prize for decoration was won hy Mr. S. Bantuff, gardener to J. Drakes, Esq., Market Risen, who was sixth for Grapes. Prizes for decoration were given separately. For a collection of sixteen dishes of fruit Mr. Goodscre was first ; Mr. Jordan, Impney Hall Girdens, second (first for deci)ration, using C^ttleyas, Smilax, and Asparagus chieflj) ; Mr. Cairns, gardener to J. M. White, Esq., Bal- ruddeiy, was third ; Mr. .\lullins was fourth for fiuit and second for decoration. The first and second prize lots were very fine. Fur twelve dishes of fruit Mr. James Dawes, Ledbury Park Gardens, was first with fine fruit. Mr. Dawes was also first for decoration, using the beautiful pink Chironia ixifera and Gypaophila. Second for fruit and also for decoration, Mr. J. Junes, gardener to Mrs. F. Need, Geat Malvern ; thii d fur fruit and for decoration, Mr. S. Bantoff, Market Rasen. Nine di«hes ff fruit : First, Mr. C. Wilkins, gardener to C. F. K. Mainwaring, Esq., Oteley, Eilesmere (ihird for decoration). The Grapes and Nectarines were veiy fine. Second, the Rev. T. M. Bulkeley-Owen, Tedsmore Hall ; third, and fir&t for decoration, Mr. C. Robei te, gardener to Mis. Swann, Halston Hall ; fourth, and second for decora- tion, Mr. S. Posting, Rudge Hall Gardens. In the classes for one or more bunches of Grapes some very good fruit was shown, and competition «a9 keen. For four bunches, two black and two white, Mr. W. Taylor, gardener to W. Marsh, Esq., Btth, was first out of eight eniiies. For two bunches i>f Black Hamburgh Grapes Mr. W. Mitchell, Chilworth Manor Gardens, was first. Mr. W. A Coaies, Glastonbury, showed the best single bunch of Black Hamburgh. Mr. Guodacre was first for two bunches of Black Muscat Grapes, showing Muscat Ham- burgh. Mr. Mitchell again won for two bunches of Madres- field Court Grapes. Mr. W. Taylor was first for two bunches of Alicante, for two bunches of any other black Grape, and for two hunches of White Muscats (out of nine entries)- Mr. A. H. Hall, gardener to Colonel HayhU'St, Middlewich, had ihe bestsinzle bunch of White Muscats. Mr, A. Child, gardeeer to H. A. Attenborough, E-q., Daventry, whs first for two bunches of any other white Grape with excellent Buckland Sweetwater. The Rev. T. M. Bulkeley-Owen won for two bunches of Black Hamburgtt and for two bunches of M^dresfleld Court(')oth classes open to Salop onlj). Mr. T. Lambert, gardener to Lord Harlech, was first for two bunches of any other black Grape (Silop onlj), and for two White Muscats (Salop only) Mr. Mills, gardener to Captain Heywood, Lonsdale, won. For six Peaches Mr. R. Grindrod, gardener to G. T. Bites, E-q., Herefoid, was first outof sixteen competitois with Beilt-garde. Mr. Goodacre had the best Nectarines. The Rev. T. M. Bulkeley Owen was first for green-fleshed Melon with Eauie's Favourite, R. H. Kenyon, Esq., Oswestry, first for a scarlet-fleshed Melon, and Mr. R. Dawes, "Temple Newsam. first for a whit e-fleshed Melon (all judged by flavour). Mr. G jodacre was first for twelve G-tee Plums and for twelve yellow Plums, and the R*^v. T. M. Bulkeley-Owen was first for twelve purple or red Plums. Plants, Meesrs. J. Cypher and Son, Cheltenham, won first prize for fifteen stove and greenhouse plants with a magnificent lot, Statice, Heaths, Chironia, &c. Mr. Vause, Leamington, was second. For six stove and greenhouse plants Mesrs. Cypher were first, Allamanda and Ericas being very fine ; second, Mr. Vauae; third, Mr. B. Cromwell, gardener to T. Sutton Tlmmis, Esq., Allerton, Liverpool. Mr. Cromwell was flist, for six fine foliage plants, Messrs. Cypher second. The finest group of miscellaneous plants, in and out of bloom, was shown by Messrs J. Cypher and Sons, Chelten- ham. It was a beautiful arrangement, Oichids, Lilies, and light foliage plants being gracefully intermixed. Second, Mr. Macdonald, gardener to G. H. Kendrick, Esq., Edg- baston ; third, Mr. Vause, Leamington. For a group of ornamental foliage plants the Leamington Nurserymen and Florists, Limited, were first. Itcontained many finely-coloured, well-grown plants, boldly arranged. Messrs. Cypher and Son were second with a group that rather lacked colour ; third, Mr. Read, Eretby Park Gardens, Burton. Mr. Cromwell, Allerton, was first for thirty stove or ereenhouse plants In pots not exceeding 10 inches. Chironia ixifera, Ixnra Duflii, and others were splendid. Second, Messrs. Cypher ; third, Mr. Vause. Mr. Cromwell showed the best Ferns ; Mrs. Darby, Adcote Hall, Baschurch (gardener, Mr. R. Lawley), was first for Dracaenas ; Mr. Cromwell won fur Caladiums ; Mrs. R. Taylor, Aobey F^regate, showed the best double Gera- niums ; C lonel Gordon. Patchet, was first for pyramid- shaped Coleus ; Mr. A. Bateman, Preston Street, Shrews- bury, won for Fuchsias. The finest lot of tuberous Begonias was exhibited by Mr. F. Divies, Pershore. They were a splendid lot. Those shown by Mesors. Blackmore and Langdon, Bath, which won second prize, were also very fine. Mrs. Swann, Halston Hall. Oswestry (gjrdener. Mr. C, R'iberts), was fiist for a group of plants (Salop only); Mr. T. Lambert, gardener to Lord Harlech, had the best six stove and greenhouse plants (Salop onl>) ; and Mr. James Tarrant, Shrewsbury, won for a similar number of plants in another class. Cut Flowers. For an arrangement of Sweet Peas suitable for dinner table (prizes offered by Mr. Robert Sydenham, Birming- ham), Mr. Edward Deakin, Hay Hall, was first, W. H. B.nk^, Esq., Kington (gardener, Mr. G. BamflHd), being second, and Mr. Davies, Pershore, tt^ird. Fur twelve distinct varieties (piizes by Mr. R. Sydenham), Mr, T. Duncan, F. go, Duns, was first with an excellent lot of flowers; second, Mr. T. Jones, Bryn, Penylan. The Silver Challenge Cup offered by Mr. Henry E kford, Wem, S:ilop, for the beat eighteen distinct varieties of Eukford's Sweet Peas was won by Mr. J. Gibson, Duns, with floe flowers ; second, Mr. T. Jones, Penylan; thiid, Mr. T. Duncan. Mr. Git)Son, Duns, was first in the class for six vases (prizes tty Messrs. Jones and Son, Shrewsbury) ; second, Mr. T. Jones, Penylan. In the open class for twelve distinct varieties of Sweet Peas, Mr. A. Malcolm, Duns, was first with a splendid lot ; second, Dr. Brown, Naas, County Kildar-i. Collection of cut Cirnations and Picotees, with own foliage and buds; First, Mr. A. F. Dutton, Iver, Bucks, with a very beautiful lot of flowers; sec 'nd, Messrs. Campbell and Son, High Blantyre, N.B. Mr. W. B. W. VernoD, Welsh Frankton, was fiist for a smaller group. For a collection of hardy perennials (Roses excluded) Messrs. Harkness and Sons, Bedale, were first with a splendid lot of flowers ; second, Mr. M. Prichard, Christ- church ; third, Messrs. Gibson and Co., Bedale. Messrs. Keynes, Williams, and Co., Salisbury, were ttrst for a collection of Cactus or decorative Dahlias with a very beautiful display. Messrs. Campbell and Son, High Blantyre, won for a collection of Dahlias, any varieties ; second, Mr. W. Treseder, Cardiff. Messrs. J. Cocker and Sons, Aberdeen, won first prize for twenty-four bunches of hardy flowers; and Mis Alderson, Frankton (gardener, Mr. G. Davies) was first for twelve bunches. Twenty-four cut Roses : First, Messrs. Cocker and Sons, Aberdeen, with excellent blooms ; second, Messrs. D. and W. CroU, Dundee; third, Messrs. J. Simpson and Son, Dundee. Messrs Croli were first for eighteen cut Rises ; second, Messrs. Cocker; third, Messrs. Simpson. Mr. J. Russell, Newtown Mearns, N,B., was first in a similar cl iss (trade excluded) ; Dr. O'Douel Browne, Naas, County Kildare, was secoud Mr. W. Treseder. Cardiff, won first prize for twenty-four blooms of fancy Dahlias, Mr. J. Smellie, Bushy, N.B., being second. For twelve fancy Dihlias, Mr. T. Jones, B yn, Penylan, was first. Mr. W. Treseder, Cardiff, won for twenty-four C-^ctus Dahlias, Mr. Smellie, Bu-^by, being second. Mr. H. Penman, Nantwich, was first for twelve Cactus Dahlias (trade excluded). Floral Decorations. For a dinner table decoration, Miss M. Morgan, Shrews- bury, won first prize, using pale pink Carnations ; second, Miss Mary Allen, Wrockwardine Wood. r,>r a dinner table decoration of Sweet Peas, Mrs. Nixon, Alderley Edge, was first, using pink varieties ; second. Miss M. M 'rgan. Mr. Garner, Altrincham. won first prize for a bride's bouquet and for a bouquet of flowers. For a bouquet (Orchids excluded), Messrs. Felton and Sons, Hanover Square, were first ; they also won the first prize for a shower bouquet, feather-weight bouquet, and fioral harp. Mp. 0. Robinson, Alderley Edge, was first for a floral wreath and for a stand of cut flowers. VECtBTABLES. Collection of vegetables (prizes by Carter and Co., High Holborn, London) : First, Mr. E. B'-ckett, Aldenham Gar- dens ; second, Mr. B. Ashton, Ormtkirk. Collection of veeetables (prizes by Sutton and Sons, Reading) : First, Mr. W. L. Bistin, gardener to Sir A. Henderson, Bart., Buscot Park ; second. Mr. H. Folkes, gardener to T. Kerr, E?q., M P., Hemel Hempsted. Mr. R. C. Townsend, Chalfont Park, Slough, won first prize for eight kinda of vegetables (piizes by Murrell and Co., Shrewsbury). Mr. J. Abbott, Hadnall, was first in a smaller class. Collection of vegetables (prizes by Webb and Sons, Woidsley, Stourbridge) : Fi'St, Mr. B. Ashton, Ormskirk ; second, Mr. W. L. Bastin, Buscot Paik, FarioEdon. Collection of vegetables (prizes by Smith and Co., Wor(!ester) : First, Mr. R. A. Horspool, Ruabon ; second, Mr B. Ashton. In the open class for twelve distinct kinds of vegetables, Mr. E. Beckett, Aldenham, was first: second, Mr. J. Hudson, Leicester. For nine kinds (Salop onl>), Mr. J. Mill?, Shavington Hall Gardens, was first ; second, Mr. T. Delamere, Yuckleton Hall Gardens. Collection of vegetables (prizes by Robert Sydenham, Tenby Sireet, Birmingham): First, M-. W. Pope, High- clere ; second, Mr. R. A. Horspool, Ruabon. Non-competitive Exhibits, Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Roihesay, N.B., exhibited Potatoes in sixty-five varieties, as well as a brilliant dis- play of Pansies and Dahlias. The Sweet Peas, Carnations, Dahlias, &c., from Jones and Sons, Shrewsbury, made an excellent show. R. Wallace and Co., C .Ichester, made a splendid dieplay with a bold exhibit of hardy fiowers, as Lilies, Gladioli, Montbretias, Phloxes, Water Lilies, &c. Albert Myer^, Shrewsbury, exhituted a very fine group of Zonal Pelaigoniums. Dicksons, Chester, showed a group of excellent Crotons and a brilliant lot of hardy fiowers. The exhibit of Dahlias, Pelargoniums, and hardy fiowers from Biker's, Wolverhampton, covered a large space and made a grand show. Idaac House and Son, Westbury-on- Trym, Biistol, showed a splendid lot of Phloxes and other hardy fiowers. A very meritorious collection of fruit trees in pots and dishes of fruits was shown by the King's Ace Nurseries, Limited, Hereford. Edwin Murrell, Shrewsbury, set up a beautiful lot of Rosei in variety. Felton and Sons, Hanover Square, W., exhibited pot plants in variety. John Forbes, Hawick, made a grand display with Pentstemons, Phloxes, Carnations, &c. Amos Peiry, Winchmore Hill, exhibited hardy flowers in great variety, including a lovely lot of Water Lilies. Henry Eckford, Wem, showed some very fine vaiieties of Sweet Peas, including the unique Henry Eckford. W. A. Watts, Bronwylfa, St. Asaph, thowed a fine group of border Carnations, including The Master (vivid scarlet) and Mrs. Kearley (blu-h). William Cutbush and Son, Highgate, N.. had a prettily-arranged group of hardy fiowers and Water Lilies. Clibrans, Altrincham, showed a splendid collection of small Crotons fur table decoration. Tut)erouB Begonias were finely shown by Davis, Yeovil. R. Smith and Co., Worcester, set up a large group of Bamboos and haroy flowers in variety. Hewitt aud Co., Solihull, showed hardy flowers, and Pritchard and Sons, Shrewsbury, sent plants in pots. Messrs. Gunn and Sons, Olton, Birmingham, showed a splendid lot of Phloxes. Messrs. T. S. Ware, Limited, Feltham, sent some good tuberous Beg .nias and other fiowers. J. Cheal and Sons, Crawley, made a pietly display with Dahlias, and Mr. Vincent Slade, Taunton, made a brilliant bit of colour with zonal Pelargoniums. Mr. Angus, Penicuik, exhibited Chrysanthemum maximum King Edward, Disa grandiflora, &c. A new bronze-leaved bedding Begonia (fibrous rooteri)c tiled B"onze Beauty was sent by Mr. G. H. Towudrow, Malvern. Mr. Anker, Napier Road, Kensington, showed Cacti Pansies and Violas were largely shown by Mr. W. L. Pattison, Shrewsbury. Rosea, Pelargoniums, Carnations, &c., were sent by W. and J. Brown, Stamford. Robert Bjlton, Wanon, Carnforth, had a splendid lot of Sweet Peas in many varieties. Mr. G, Prince, Longw* rth, Beiks, showed some beautiful garden Rosea. Mr. J. Derbyshire, Hale, Altrincham, pent Sweet Peas. From Chard, Messrs. Jarman and Co. sent a beautiful lot of Dahlias and cut Roses and some vegetables. Messrs. Jamc Cocker and Suns, Aberdeen, and Messrs. J. Simpson and Sons, Dundee, sent Ruses. Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Dahlias, Carnations, &c. Hobbies, Limited, Dereham, Norfolk, made a large display with Dahlias and Roses. A new Viola (White May) was shown by Richard Vernon, Northwich. Medals. Large gold.— Messrs. Gunn and Sons, Olton, Birming- ham ; Henry Eckford, Wem ; Hobbies, Limited, Dereham; Dobbie and Co., Rothesay, N.B. ; Bakers, Old Hall Nurseries, Codsall, Wolverhampton ; Albert Myers, Shrewsbury ; King's Acre Nurseries, Limited, Hereford ; aud E. Muriell, Shrewsbury. Small gold — Messrs. Robert Bolton, Warton, Carn- forth ; Jones and Son, Shrewsbury ; Dicksons, Limited, Chester; and Pritchard and Sons, Sbrewstiury. Silver-gilt— UessTs. Thomas S. Ware, Limited, Feltham ; Hewitt aud Co., Solihull, Birmingham ; R. Smith and Co., Worcester; Clibrans, Altiincham; Amos Perry, Winch- more Hill, London, N. ; W. Angus, Penicuik, N B. ; John Derbyshire, Altrincham; Jarman and Co., Chard; John Robson, The Downs, Altrincham ; Isaac House and Son, 152 THE GARDEN. [September 2, 1905. We8tbury-on-Trym, Bristol ; John Forbes, Hawick, N.B. ; B. Dobhs and Co., Wolverhampton ; and J. Lambert, Powia Castlp, Welshpool. Silver.— Messrs. B R. Davis and Son, Yeovil ; W. and J. Brown, Peterborough ; Vincent Slade, Taunton; Pattison, Shrewsbury; Gheal and Sons, Crawley, Sussex; W. A. Watts, Bronwylfa, St. Asaph ; R. F. Felton, Hanover Square, Londou, W. ; and George Piince, Longworth, Beiks. Bronze. ~M.r. R. Anker, Addison Nursery, Kensington, London ; and Mr. G. H. Towndrow, Malvern Links. Awards. A flrst-class certificate was awarded to each of the following : MoDtbretia Prometheus (R. Wallace and Co., Colchester) ; and Cactus Dahlia Mrs. Charles Scutt (Seale, Sevenoaka). Eicb of the following received an award of merit : Gaillardia Sulphur Gem (Perry, Winchmore Hill); Cactus Dahlias D .ydrtam and White Swan (Hobbies, Limited) ; Cactus Dahha T. F. H. Coi.k (Cheal, Crawley) ; Monibretia Hereward (Wallace, Colchester); and Cactus Dahlias Bute and Good Hope (Dobbie, Rothesay). ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. There was a very interesting, although small, display at the Horticultural Hall on Tuesday last. Fruit was best represented, while shrubs and hardy flowers, too, were well shown. The Orchid cnmmittee granted four awards of merit to new Orchida ; two first-class certiflcates and eleven awards of merit were given by the floral committee ; and none by the fruit committee. Orchid Committee. Present : Mr. J. Gurney Fowler (chairman), Messrs. James OBripn, de B. Crawshay, F. Sander, H. T. Pitt, H. A. Tracy, W. H. White, T. W. B^nd, A. A. McBean, W. Buxall, H. Little, Harry J. Veitch, W. H. Young, and Francis W. Wellesley. Messrs. Charlt-aworth and Co., Heaton, Bradford, were awarded a silver-gilt Flora medal for a handsome group of Orchids, which includr-d some very fine Brasso-Cattleya gigas-digbyaua, Ljeiiu-Cattleya dominlana, Cittleya Iris, C. Atalanta, Lseliu-Caitieya callistfRlossa, C^tileya Par- theuia vernalis, and Lfeiio-Catileya Viuletta. Other inter- esting plants were Burlingtonia pubescens, Zygopetalum trisle, Odoutoglosaum Rulfeie, and Caltleya buwringitino- superba. Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, exhibited a small group of hybrid Cattleyas, Lpe'io-Cattleyas, and Lieliaa. Among them were L.-C. Henry Greenwood, L -C. vivieans, L.-C. callistoglus^a excellens (purpurata x gigas), a large and handsome flower ; C. Shakespeare, wiih primrose yellow sepals and petals and rich purple white margined lip; and C. Prince Edward var. superba, rich rose sepals and petals, the lip heavily lined with rich purple. Messrs. Stanley and Co., Southgate, N., set up a pretty lot of Orchids, compi iaing CattJeya 0' brieniana, C. Loddigesii, Lselia crispa (a beautiful flower with white fluted sepals and petals, the lip being veined and marked with ruby crimson), L. elegaus var. Turner! magniflca, Oncidiura varicosum Rogeraii, and various Cypripediums. Bronze Banksian nif'dal. Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea, exhibited Ljclio-Ctttleya bletchleyensis, L.-C. dominiana langleyensis, and L -C. H«nry Greenwoussoch, Marechal de la Cour ; Plums Preaident.La'e Orange, Pond's Seedling. Bryanaton Gdge, Smith's Prolific ; Nectarines Rivers' O ange. Pine Apple, Humboldt ; Peaches Bellegarde and Late Devonian were some of the finest varietiea of each fruit. A collection of Apple trees in pots was exhibited by Mr. T. Tomlinson, gardener to R. Hoffmann, Esq., Tower House, Streatham, S.W. The trees cairied very good crops, and especially the varieties Mannington Pearmain, Washington, Bismarck, and Emperor Alexander. Silver Banksian medal. A collection of hardy fruit from Mr. R. Mountford, gar- dener to the Duke of Fife, E*st Sheen Lodge, Eist Shsen, gained a silver Banksian medal. Clapp's Favourite Pear, Pond's Seedline Plum, Strawberry St. Joseph, and Applen Lndy Sudeley, Lord Suftleld, Frogmore Pippin, and Pott's Seedling were very good fruits. A silver Binksiaii medal was awarded to J. Strode Ooysh, Esq., 23, Woodville G«r.iens, EUing, W., for a basket of excellent Lady Sudeley Apples, all gathered from one tree. A silver Banksian medal was awarded to Miss Adamaon, South Villa, Regent's Park (gardener, Mr. Ketf), for some splendid fruits of Peaches Princess of Wales, Late Devonian, and Nectarine. A basket of very fine Pears Clapp's Favourite was shown by Mr. George Gumbrell, The Gardens, Widbury, Ware. Cultural commendation. Cucumber Etsex Champion was shown by Messrs. E Abbott and Sjna, Railway Nurseries, Ardleigh, Essex, but no award was made. The Hon. A. H. T. de Montmorency, M.D , The Grange, Carrickmines, County Dublin, showed a seedling Peach called Carolie. Several seedling Melons were shown by various exhibitors, but nn award was made bo any of them. The Burbank Plum was exhibited by Messrs. R^bert Veitch and Son, Exeter, but we could find no fruita of it. A new French Runner Bean called Firefly, prettily splashed with red upon a primrose-coloured ground, was shown by Mr. C. Eugelmann, Horneybrook Nursery, Saffron Walden. A collection of Plums (fruiting branches of each) was shown by Mr. W. Crump, Madresfleld Cmrt Girdens, Malvern, including Black Diamond, The Sultan, Cox's E nperor, Victoria, Pond's Seedling, and Magnum Bonuni, all from bush trees, and the Pershore Pium, from half standards. Victoria, Magnum Bonum, The Sultan, and Belgian Purple bore tremendous crops. A cultural commendation was awarded to Mr. R, Winstanley, Gogerddan Gardens, R.S.O., Cardiganshire, for Lemons. Floral Committee. Present ; Mr. W. Marshall (chairman), Messrs. H. B. May, C. T. Druery, George Nicholson, James Hudson, George Reutbe, C. R. Fielder, R. Hooper Pearson, Charles Bhck, W. Cuthbertson, George G-irdon, W. Bain, Charles Jfffries, Charles E. Pearson, E. H. Jenkins, W. J. James, H. J. Junes, and C. J. Salter. The group of Nepenthes or Pitcher Plants from Messrs. Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea, constituted one of the features of the meeting. There were some three dozen of these plants staged, several of which had as many as three dozen finely-proportioned pitchers depending from the plants. The beautiful and picturesque forms of many and their high colouring created much interest. The following were some of the more conapicHous of those exhibited : K. balfouriana, with large, handsome, reddish pitchers, is very striking ; while N. maatersiana, with a profusion of reddish pitchers, is among the most easy to cultivate. Other good things were N. dicksoniana, with green and red pitchers ; N. Morganas, the rather small pitchers, coltmred red ; and N. Tiveyi, with well-marked collar and green, red-spotted pitchers, is distinct and effective. Of the more rare there was N. Veilchii, with green pitchers and broad collar of bronzy green. Gold medul. A charming set of hybrid Pentatemons came from Lord Aldenham (gardener, Mr. Beckett). The collection con- tained many good kinds, as for example Marlon, crimson ; Lord Lister, scarlet ; Lady Curzon, white and pink ; Autumn Cheer, rich scarlet; and Clarissa, scarlet with while throat. Messrs. Barr and Son, Covent Garden, staged Astera, Gladioli, Antirrhinuma, Sunflowera, Koiphoflas, and other showy things in considerable variety, the Asters being a particularly showy lot. Senecio pulcher, Lobelia fulgens in variety, and Eupatorium purpureum were also in good condition from the same firm. The various forms of Nvmphre* stellata were well shown by Mr. Leopold de Rjthachild, Gunnersbury House, Acton. The varieties exhibited were N. gigantea Hudsoni, N. stellata (Berlin variety), N. s. pulcherrimf*, all in varying shades of blue, with golden centre. Silver Flora medal. Cannas in pots were superbly shown by Messrs. Cannell and S -ns, Swanley ; indeed, we have rarely seen these things in such perfection. Martha Washington, Black Prince, Mrs. F. Dreer, and Mrs. G. A. Strolein were among the more distinct in a very flue lot. The same firm also exhihited a strain of dwarf Antirrhinums in pots. Silver- gilt Flora medal. An excellent strain of French and African Marigolds came from Messrs. Dobbie and Co., R tthesay. The former as exemplified in Legion of Honour, and the latter by Prince of Orange and Lemon Queen portrayed these types in the highest excellence. Silver Flora medal. Mr. S. Mortimer, Farnham, Surrey, contributed a small but select lot of D thlias. Cactus and show kinds chiefly. Messrs. J mes Stredwick, St. Leonards, also had a few good (Nctus Dahlias, in which Peach, a cural pink shade, and Primrose, a very charming flower, were very fine. A small group from Mr. Shoesmith, Woking, included White Lady, Mrs. F. C. Stoop (rich yellow), W. CoUis, and Mr. F. Carter («carle ), all good C ictus kinds. Messrs. James Veiich had pretty groups of Exacum macranlhum and Ruellia amoena, the nicely - flowered plants being in pots. A most interesting lot of cut flowering shrubs was shown by Lord Aldenham, Elatree. There were some 150 distinct kinds staged, forming a very attractive exhibit. Acers, Oiks, Kalmiaa, Escallonias, Cornus, Pyrus", Corylus, Hibiscus, Rubus.and many others were noted. A remark- able and well-grown lot of Crotons came from the same gardens, proving, if proof were at all necessary, how great is the attention there given to auch diverse groups of plants. The collection of Crotons would have done justice to a market specialist in these plants, and we have not seen them better grown or more finely coloured. Gold medal. Messrs. Peed and Sons, West Norwood, S.E., contributed alpines in pans, with other hardy flowers in the cut stale. Lobelia Kathleen Millard, a double kind, was well shown by Mr. A. R. Mallard, Rainham, Kent. See "New Plflnts." Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt, showed a batch of Hibiscus in variety, also Quercus Albert!, Tilia americana laxit.lia, a very handsome Time, with Cornus Gouchaulti and otherp, a very interesting gathering, Mr. L. R. Russell, Richmond, contributed a collection of hardy Heaths, always very pleasing and effective. Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Limited, staged on the floor some excellent examples of Senecio clivorum, Ltliun> Brownii leucanthum, Artemisia lactiflora, with white Spiian-like plumes, Aconitum scaposura pyramidale, Acoiiitum Wilsoni, and Serratula atriplicifolia, a new plant from Central Chioa. These, with Andromeda arhorea, formed a most interestine group. Gold medal. The Dahlias from Messra. J. Cheal and Son, Crawley^ were very good, the single kinds especially, and for which the firm is well known. Cactus varieties were also well shown. Mr. Amos Perry, Winchmore Hill, showed Stenanthe- mum ro^ustum, Ruellia ciliosa, Dianthua alpiuus allius,. awd Sagittaria macrophylla, the latter with white flowers. Impatiens Holstii, with vermilion flowers, came from Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., and Ix )ra Mtrs was shown by Mr. Leopold de Rothschild. See " New Plants." New Plants. Nymphcea zanzibarensis rosea. — A very handsome variety of this blue-tlowered Water Lily with large rose-pink: blossoms. The variety is very fragrant. From Lord Ro'hachild, Tring. First-class certificate. Lilium leucanthum. — This fine form of L. Brownii aa shown txhitiiud much variety in leafage, in the external colouration of the fiuwers and buds, and in size also. Thlfr is a garden Lily of much merit. From Messrs. Veitch and Suns. LimitC't, Chelsea. First-cUss certificate. Lobelia KatJileen Mallard. — An excellent bedding variety with double flowers of a deep violet-blue. The plant is said to be a spurt from Emperor William, but in habit and colour it is not identical wiih this kind. The mass of blossom is very remarkable. Exhibited by Mr. A. R, Mallard, Riinbam. Kent. Award of merit. Stenanthemum robustum.~X tall plant belonging to Liliacic, the white flowers arranged on a dense pyramidal spike. From Mr. Amos Perry, Winchmore Hill. Award of merit. Godetia Schaininiji.'pl., a pleasing pink-flowered variety that is most useful in the cut state. From Sir Trevor Lawrenc-, Bart. Award of merit. Ixora j/rtrs (hybrid between I. coccinea and I. Prince of Orange).— This is a showy and good form. The large pips of blossoms are well formed and pirtake of Piince of Orante in colour somewhat. The variety is very free dowering. From Mr. Leopold de Rothschild, Gunnersbury House (iiardener, Mr. Hudson). Award of merit. Canna Niagara. — Perhaps the flnest-bordered flower yet seen. The colour of the flower is scarlet, with a rich yellow border. The plant is very dwarf. From ISIessrs. Cann«ll and Sons. Swanley. Award of merit. Dahlia Blush Gem (show). — A fine form, rosy lilac Id colour, the base of the florets nearly white. From Mr. Mortimer, Farnham, Slough. Award of merit. Dahlia Pink Perfection (Cactus). — A very beautiful kind, »tf a deep ros-y mauve colour; very showy. From Mr. S. Mortimer, Farnham, Surrey. Award of merit. Dahlia Np-hon (Cactus).— A showy and beautiful kind, with twis'ed florets, coloured light maroon, with scarlet shade. From Mr. J. T. West, Brentwood. Award of merit Dahlia Daisy £a.«foH (Cactus). — An exquisite self yellow. The florets are long and incurving, rich yellow throughout. From Mr. H. Shoesmith, Westfield, Woking. Award of merit. Dahlia Stromboli (single). — A very distinct variety, colouied crimsou at base, the central portion of the petal flushed white and scarlet. From Messrs. J. Cheal and Sons^ Crawley. Award of merit. An award of merit was also given to the strain of hybrid Pentsteraona exhibited by Lord Aldenham, Elstree (gar- dener, Mr. E. Beckett). *** If "fortunately the reports of several shozvs are left over until next week, that of Brtykton among them.. **+ The Yearly Subscription to THE Gardkn i$ : Inland, 68. 6d. ; Foreign, 8*. 9d. GARDEN. -^=-" ^>m^ ff^ No. 1764.— Vol. LXVIII. September 9, 1905. INTERNATIONAL SHOW AT EDINBURGH. DURING the forthcoming week the i great event of interest to British I horticulturists will be the Inter- national Exhibition of the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society, which is to be held in the Waverley Market, Edinburgh, on the 13th, 14th, and 15th inst. Since the institution of the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society in 1809 it has passed through some vicissitudes, and even crises, but whether its fortunes were on the up grade or the down grade, it has faithfully maintained the objects of its establishment, and has done much to pro- mote and uphold the high standard of Scottish horticulture. Within recent times it seemed as if the society were within measurable distance of seeing its funds gradually diminish and its work severely crippled ; but the enterprise of its council, the exertions of its president. Lord Balfour of Burleigh, and, not least, the wholehearted enthusiasm and energy of its secretary, Mr. P. Murray Thomson, have retrieved its fortunes, and for the first time for a series of years the income of last year exceeded the expenditure. Keen as always is the interest in the spring and autumn shows, and valuable as they are, it has been a wise policy on the part of the council to hold at intervals still greater exhibitions of an international character. These serve several objects, and among them not the least valuable is that of forming records of the periodical advances made in horticulture. Five of these inter- national horticultural exhibitions have been held by the society, but, as the latest of these was held in 1891, fourteen years ago, it cannot be said that there has been undue haste in promoting that of 1905, and from the response made by subscribers and exhibitors it is evident that they entirely endorse the action of the council in pro- moting this, the sixth of these Edinburgh international shows. In the fourteen years which have elapsed since the last international exhibition in Edinburgh great changes have taken place in such exhibitions. The competition of private gardeners is perhaps more limited than in former years, a -feature due to no lack of skill or of desire to excel on their part, but chiefly owing to the changes in the establish- ments under their care. Save perhaps in the plant classes, there is no diminution in the quality of the produce shown, while the improvement made in the direction of a more natural and graceful arrangement of exhibits adds immensely to the value of such shows. What has, however, been lost in the gar- dener.s' sections has been more than compen- sated for by the trade exhibits, mainly of a non-competitive character. These cannot well be surpassed. The coming international exhibition in Edinburgh will contain some striking examples of these non-competitive exhibits, as we understand that they will be more numerous and varied than have ever been seen at a Scottish show. The interest taken by exhibitors in this show is very great, and in the competitive classes there promises to be an excellent competition. Undoubtedly this has been stimulated by the prizes offered, which are numerous and of great value. They include one which will be most highly prized by the fortunate winner— a valuable silver cup, presented by His Majesty the King, to be awarded to the best exhibit in the competitive fruit classes. A perusal of the schedule shows the compre- hensive nature of the prize list and the value of the prizes offered in plate, medals, and money. To award these some fifty judges will be engaged early on the morning of the first day. A new feature of the exhibition will be the awards of medals offered by the society for exhibits illustrative of experiment and research, and the introduction of these awards must add greatly to the instructive character of this great show. To the many attractions the exhibition will offer to the horticulturist there are added several peculiar to Edinburgh alone. The city itself is one of the most picturesque and beautiful in the world ; it abounds with buildings of historic interest, and its streets are full of memories of great men and of great pageants of the past. The Waverley Market is an almost ideal place for such an exhibition, as under its roof can be focussed almost all the exhibits, while the remainder will be accommodated in the Waverley Gardens, on the flat roof of the market ; per- mission for this has been generously granted by the Town Council. Outside the hall also there are many objects of horticultural interest. Close to it are the Princes Street Gardens, which have of recent years been greatly beautified under the skilful management of Mr. J. W. M'Hattie. The other parks and open spaces are also of interest. All round the city there are private gardens of renown, such as Dalkeith, Hope- toun, Tyninghame, Oxenford, and others, whUe the nurseries of the leading Edinburgh nurserymen will be found to contain repre- sentative collections of trees, shrubs, and other plants. The railway facilities are also excellent, and there is every promise of a record show and a record attendance. In its great effort on this occasion the society has secured the assistance of a representative committee from the three kingdoms and the Continent of Europe, and there is little doubt that their labours will result in an exhibition unequalled in the annals of Scottish horti- culture. THE ANNALS OF THE LITTLE RED HOUSE. VIII. — The Making of the Borders. The autumn after we arrived at the little Red House was full of interest, for that was the time to make all the improvements for the coming year. Amongst other things, the long herbaceous borders had to be made, or rather remade entirely, for it had not been possible to do the work soundly in the spring. They really had been quite gay during the summer with a large assortment of annuals, and we had been saving the seeds of all we wished to repeat. We had a nice lot of tidy little packets marked with the name and date of saving. Linum grandiflorum rubrum. Coreop- sis tinctoria and coronata, Phacelia, Clarkias and Godetias, Nicotiana, and Phlox Drum- mondi. We had marked the few herbaceous plants we found about the place that we thought worth keeping, and we began quite early in October the work of trenching the borders. By patient waiting we now knew exactly what the whole garden contained, the value of every fruit tree — for most of them had given us samples of their fruit — the position of any bulbs in the orchard or garden, and what Roses were valuable, so we could begin our operations with confidence. First of all the Laurel hedges which backed the borders required a great deal of attention. Of course, such hedges are rather a misfor- tune, as their far-reaching roots make such demands on the soil, but, on the other hand, the vivid green of the foliage makes a fine 154 THE GARDEN. [September 9, 1905. setting to the plants employed, and as we had no choice in the matter we made the best of it. It was too near the time of frosts to prune, so we contented ourselves with cutting out dead wood and destroying the Nettles and Brambles which had established themselves there. Large clumps of old - fashioned sraall- fiowered Michaelmas Daisies were reduced or destroyed altogether, as were also some weedy kinds of Helianthus and common Phloxes, then all the borders were well trenched and manured, light soil and leaf-mould and burnt refuse added as required. The beauti- ful turf margins laid down by some most worthy predecessor required little doing to them beyond the spudding out of a few Plan- tains and Daisies, and, having been very cleverly edged with wood, kept very even. These and the paths were protected by mats during the digging and trenching, which was done piece by piece. When all was finished kind gardening friends sent us their super- fluous wealth, and the borders, nicely and tidily raked over, were ready to receive the newcomers by the first week in November, and then were planted with due regard to height and equally distributed. Of course, it was in many cases not possible to carry out a perfect colour scheme with a mixed lot of unnamed plants, and I must confess the borders looked very bare when the last of our store was bestowed in its position ; but the bulbs had still to come. We had placed a somewhat large order with a reliable firm, avoiding the newer and consequently more costly varieties ; but, indeed, I do not think you can beat for Daffodils incomparabilis, Stella, Horsfieldi, Sir Watkin, Emperor, Empress, Mrs. Langtry, and Sir Henry Irving, with a liberal supply of Orange Phcenix, Poet Narcissus, and the sweet old- fashioned double white. Then we had also 1,000 Spanish Iris, Montbretias, Hyacinthus candicans, and Polyanthus Narcissus. The Daffodils we planted five in a group about 1 foot from the verge, putting a little silver sand in with each bulb as a protection against winter damp. We planted, too, some Tulips, chiefly the Cottage and Parrot varieties. These we never move, and they are flowering better every year. The Polyanthus Narcissi were given a south border, as they flower early and are somewhat delicate. Then we had the biennials to put out that we had sown in June — Wallflowers, Canter- bury Bells, and Sweet Williams, the last a wonderfully fine strain of Sutton's, which 1 am still keeping up after four years, also a large supply of Iceland Poppies. White, red, and pink Daisies and forget-me-nots were planted in a border under the house, and two long beds of Forget - me - nots had pink Hyacinths set in them, which were very charming in the following spring. We had a long list of valuable herbaceous plants, but we felt we must not spend more just then on the garden, for the house was making demands on us too. A list of the simple herbaceous plants we began with may be of use to the beginners of a garden like ours. It is so easy to add the rarer sorts when you have succeeded in cultivating these. My advice would always be not to try for too much at first, and, above all things, not to invest in plants from description ; you had far better see them growing first and ascer- tain whether they will suit your soil and climate. The Iris, for instance, will not grow everywhere, and among the different varieties of these there is also a difference of opinion about their residences. Very many plants insist on a south aspect, and this may be limited in your garden. Some things, too, refuse to grow under trees, and others exact partial shade. I, personally, think the Irises should have a position of their own, and should not be planted in a mixed border. Their time out of flower is so long compared with the flowering period that a mass of these gives a dull look to their portion of the border. I .shall hope to continue this subject in my next article, and to give a list of the most useful plants for the mixed border, with the times of their flowering. Augusta de Lacy Lacy. PRIZES FOR GARDENERS. SEPTEMBER. ESSAY ON WATER GAEDENING. A First Prize of FOUR GUINEAS, A Second Prize of TWO GUINEAS, A Third Prize of ONE GUINEA, And a Fourth Prize of HALF-A-GUINEA are offered/or the best Essays upon " Water Gardening." The essay must not exceed 1,000 words in length, and should describe the best ways of water gardening and the most beautiful plants to use. Some particulars of the plants should be given as to height, colour of flowers, season of flowering, &c. The essays must be written on one side of the paper only, and must reach the Editor of The Garden, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, London, not later than the 30th inst. Envelopes must be marked "Competition." The Editor cannot underlake to return the MSS. of unsuccessful competitors. THE EDITOR'S TABLE. Habenaria radiata and Canna King Humbert. Mr. W. Miiller writes from Vomero, Naples : " I am sending you a flower of Habenaria radiata which is now flowering in Mr. Sprenger's garden, and some petals of the famous Canna King Humbert. I am astonished that I never have read anything about this Canna. It is the most perfect of all in foliage, which is dark red, and the flower is of a fine vermilion colour. I have counted on a single plant more than 300 flowers. It was raised by Mr. Sprenger, and the whole stock was given to Messrs. Vilmorin-Andrieux and Co., Paris. Have any of your readers tried this variety ? " Peach Peregrine. Messrs. Rivers and Son, Sawbridgeworth, Herts, send fruits of this deliciously flavoured Peach, which was raised by them, and received an award of merit from the fruit committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. The fruit is very handsome, warm crimson shades on the sunny bide, and the flavour is exquisite. We have never tasted a Peach so juicy, piquant, and refreshing. It is a notable addition to our hardy and indoor fruits, and a great gain over the flavourless, Turnipy varieties that are frequently praised for qualities which we can never discover. 1904 at the bottom of a west wall. When planted it was only about 2 inches high. This season it has run up 8 feet in height, and is looking the picture of health. It has produced thirty-two flowers, the largest number open at one time being thirteen. Not the least of its merits is the length of time it remains in bloom. The first flower opened during the second week of July, and it will be in flower for another two or three weeks vet. Some of the individual flowers have kept fresh for two weeks." NOTES OF THE WEEK. MnTisiA deourrbns. Lady Acland sends from Killerton flowers of Mutisia decurrens, also the interesting Pentstemon cordifolius, with the following note : " The Mutisia was planted during the spring of FORTHCOMING EVENTS. September 12. — Royal Horticultural Society's meeting. September 13. — International Show at Edin- burgh (three days). S-ptember 19.— London Dahlia Union Show at Earl's Court (two days). September 26. — National Rose Society's Autumn Rose Show, Horticultural Hall, West- minster (two days). Royal Horticultural Society.— At the suggestion of the Orchid committee the council have adopted the following scheme, which they hope will have the f fleet during the ensuing year of inducing Orchid growers, both large and small, amateur and professional, to exhibit their already certificated and other choice varieties at the fortnightly shows of the society. Without in any way wishing to alter or curtail the exhibits as at present shown, which they hope will be continued exactly as they are now, they propose to award additional diplomas to plants of exceptional merit shown in one com- bined group. This group will be composed of all the exhibits duly entered for this special com- petition in accordance with the schedule. They hope that by this means groups may be brought together representing to a large extent the varieties of the particular species decided upon for exhibit on each occasion, together with the hybrids having that species as one of their parents. At the same time, the society's paint- ings of the species and hybrids therefrom to which awards have already been given will be exhibited. They believe that theee exhibits will have a great educational value to hybridists, orchidists, and to Fellows generally, and they rely upon all Orchid growers to assist them in making the exhibit as complete as possible — W. Wiles, Secretary. The Herefordshire fruit growers. — As a means of meeting foreign competition, the Herefordshire fruit growers have organised a co-operative fruit- grading society. The Apples of that county are among the finest in the kingdom, but full advantage has not been taken of that circumstance. The society will now provide suitable empties to members for transporting their fruit to the packing premises, where it will be graded and packed and the packages branded. Premises are being erected at Whitecross Bridge for the recep- tion and despatch of the fruit. The Great Western Railway Company are lending their co-operation, and it is expected that 5,000 boxes will be sent away during the present season. Chrysanthemum Blush Beauty. For an early display outdoors this Japanese variety cin claim distinction for several reasons. First of all, tor its good habit and its free flowering, and the plant comes into flower in August, and continues to blossom for many weeks. The blooms possess good form, and are each borne on a long, stout foot-stalk, and are useful for cutting. The colour is blush, deepening towards the base of the florets. The height of the plant is from 2J feet to 3 feet. — D. B. C- Septesiber 9, 1905.J THE GARDEN, 155 & Fruit tree aoreagpe. — The total num- ber of acres in Great Britain devoted to small fruit is now 78,822, as compared with 77,947 acres in 1904, showing an increase over the latter year of 875 acres, or 1 '1 per cent. The acreage covered by orchards is 244,323, as compared with 243.008 in 1904, showing an increase of 1,315, or 0 5 per cent. A successful exhibitor. — At the Charmouth, Dorset, Horticultural Show, held recently, Mr. John Goodfellow, gardener to the Rev. J. Kennedy, Charmouth, Dorset, was a most successful exhibitor, winning no less than thirty-eight first and fourteen second prizes out of fifty-four entries. Mr. Goodfellow also won the society's certificate given to the competitor winning the most prizes in the subscribers' classes for vegetables and flowers. The silver- gilt medal given by Messrs. Dobbie and Co. to the exhibitor who gains the greatest number of points, was also won by Mr. Goodfellow, whose success we should imagine must constitute a record. The "Gardeners' Chronicle" of America. — This is a newly-established jour- nal, devoted to the interests of amateurs and their gardeners, published in Jersey City at ten cents per copy, and adopted as the ofiicial organ of the National Association of Gardeners, the objects of which are to " unite in one body for mutual and benevolent benefit and protection of all professional gardeners of good moral charac- ter." Full details are given as to the objects and management of the society, details of which (says Indian Gardening) might profitably be studied by the promoters of the analogous British Society. Early - flowering- Chrysanthe- mum Bertie.— Although this pretty little flower is classed as a Japanese kind, it much resembles a small reflexed or rather large hybrid Pompon in its character. It bears quite a long- continued display of pretty blossoms of a yellow, flushed crimson colour. In Mr. William Syden- ham's collection at Tamworth there is a small bed of this sort that has been in flower since June last, and is still effective. Ordinarily, late August and September are the proper periods of flowering. The plant is about 18 inches in height, and is quite sturdy and free flowering. — D. B. C. Early - flowering Chrysanthe- mum Norbet Puvrez. — Among the hardy Japanese kinds this is still one of the best. Few growers appear to have it in their collections, which is a fact much to be regretted. Some years ago it was distributed by the late M. Simon D41aux, who gave us so many other good things at the same time. So well does it stand in the estimation of good judges to-day that nothing but praise can be heard of its merits. The plant is branching in growth, and seldom exceeds 18 inches in height. It is sturdy, too, and is ideal for the front rows of the hardy border. Its colour is rich golden bronze, tinted with salmon, quite a unique shade of colour. In the Tamworth collection this plant is doing remarkably well at the present time. — D. B. C. The Japanese Wineberry.— It must be twenty years or more since the Japanese Wineberry (Rubus phrenicolasius) was introduced to our fruit gardens, and from that day to this discussion of it has been going on. So far as its merit as an ornamental shrub is concerned, no one can dispute it. It has attractive foliage ; its canes and leaf-stalks are covered with crimson hairs, as are its fruits in their embryo stages. Then the oddity of the berries being enveloped in their calyces until the fruit ripens, when they unfold displaying the ripe flesh of the berries, is to be added to its meritorious features. As to its merits as a fruit, I think it possesses a good share of them. Its yield is good — as good as that of any other kind — but it is not of a first-rate quality; only second-rate, I would say. The fruit comes in great clusters, twenty to thirty in a bunch, making a great display, and a most orna- mental one, when having in mind its use as a shrub. Many of those who have condemned it may not have treated it right. New beds of it do the best of all, and, as in the case of other Raspberries, a bed should be set out a year in advance. Get a loamy place, well enriched, and set in it a bed of strong young plants of this Raspberry next spring. Cut the plants well, almost to the ground. Young canes of great vigour will result. Let them grow as they will for the season, cutting them to a proper height the spring following, before they start to grow. When it is a case of an increase of plants being the object and no fruit, in addition to the usual way of increasing Raspberries by cutting up pieces of roots in spring, the growing shoots may be layered in summer, each forming a plant. Sometimes two or three layers can be made of one shoot. — Joseph Mbehan, in The Florists' Exchange (New York). SWEET LAVENDER. A blue-grey flower foroBt rears Its phalanx of ten thousand spears, And as the sumnser wind wafts through The fragrance of that quiTering blue We greet our Bnglish flower ; the best And favourite o'er all the rest, Though other blooms may show more bright, " Sweet Lavender," our heart's delight. A myriad old-world scenes arise, And float before our dreaming eyes, Of English homes, with maidens spinning The " fairy flax " to purest linen ; Of ancient carven chests that hold That bridal dowry's snowy fold. And laid between, with tender care, Sweet Lavender sheds perfume there ; Of quaint old London and its cries, " Good citizens, who buys '^ who buys ? Buy my Sweet Lavender in posies. Grown all among my Cabbage Roses." So fades away the distant cry, " Buy my Sweet Lavender. Oh, buy ! " On terraced lawn, by cottage door. Flower — friend of all, though rich or poor. Crowning the summer's crown of leaves With purple of its fragrant sheaves. E. THOMPiOH. Gesnerads at Kew.— The great value of Gesneraceous plants for blooming at the end of the summer and early autumn is very apt to be overlooked, for though Achimenes and Gloxinias are largely grown, the others are neglected. During a recent visit to Kew I was much struck with the great beauty of many Gesnerads, to which at least one structure was largely indebted for its floral display. Some of the Gesneras proper, with their beautiful velvety foliage overtopped by spikes of bright-coloured blossoms in which various hues of yellow and scarlet predominate, were very beautiful, while the quaintly-marked yet showy flowers of the Tydaeas served to remind one of their great beauty and almost persistent flowering qualities. Sinningla regina, too, a comparatively new plant, was flowering freely. This was first shown at the Ghent Quinquennial Show of 1903, and was later on distributed by M. Benary of Erfurt. It is a Gloxinia-like plant, with dark green velvety leaves lit up by light-coloured veins. The flowers, which are very numerous, remind one in general appearance of the drooping section of Gloxinias, which are now little grown in gardens. Altogether this Sinningia is a very pretty free-flowering plant, and it will doubtless become popular. The colour of the flowers is pale violet. The Achimenes at Kew, too, had not all passed out of bloom, as they have in many gardens by this time, one in particular, Achimenes gloxiniseflora discolor, being very bright. The popular Saintpaulia ionantha, with its mass of rich purple blossoms, was, as it always is when in good condition, very beautiful, and a delight- ful companion to it but rather taller in growth was noted in the uncommon Nipb%a oblonga, which was, according to the " Dictionary of Gardening," introduced from Guatemala in 1841, but which had never before come under my notice. These few notes are by no means intended to be exhaustive, but sulEcient has been said to show the value of Gesneraceous plants in general for flowering, as, apart from all these, it is quite possible to have Gloxinias still in good condition. In proof of this may be mentioned the fact that I potted some one year old tubers last spring, and as soon as it could be safely done they were removed to a cold frame, where they have been very showy, and now at the end of August some of them are still in flower.— H. P. LilUum auratum.— I send you a photo- graph of a Lilium auratum which is growing in my garden. In the spring of 1904 I planted one bulb. It flowered very well that summer. In the winter I covered it with ashes, and put a large pane of glass on the top of all. This spring two more bulbs have appeared as well as the original one. There have been twelve flowers from the three bulbs. The flowers measure llj inches to 12 inches across. The height of the three stems is respectively 54 inches, 49 inches, and 22 inches. — Frances Ramsbotham, Oar- stang, North Lancashire. [Unfortunately the photograph was not suitable for reproduction. —Ed.] The bottlingr of fruit. — A useful leaflet on this subject has been issued by the University of Leeds and the Yorkshire Council for Agricultural Education. The bottle recom- mended is known as the " English Atlas," a wide-mouthed bottle, with a flat indiarubber ring on the neck, upon which a metal lid is tightly secured. It is sold in various sizes, at 4d. for a lib. bottle, 4|d. for one to hold 21b., and 6Jd. for one to hold 31b. Sound fruit not over-ripe should be chosen and packed firmly in the bottle to within an inch of the top. In the case of soft fruit, the bottom of the bottle should be slapped with the hand to ensure firm packing, while such fruits as Plums should be arranged by means of the handle of a wooden spoon. Clear, cold water should be poured into the packed bottle until the fruit is covered, leaving an air space of half an inch over it. Then the lid should be screwed tightly on to the rubber ring, the bottles being next stood up loosely in a boiler of cold water, allowing the temperature to rise gradually to 160° Fahr., which will take about one and a half hours. Then the fire should be removed, so that the fruit will cool gradually. When cold it can be removed to a cool, dry place, standing the bottles upright. Thunbergia natalensis.— This un- common but beautiful Thunbergia was recently flowering freely in a narrow border against one of the walls of the temperate house at Kew. While most members of the genus are shrubby climbers, and the popular T. alata is an annual, this differs in being more of a herbaceous per- ennial, for it has a thickened or tuberous root- stock, from which spring annual stems 2 feet or BO in height. The oblong-shaped leaves 4 inches to 5 inches in length are oppositely arranged, and from their axils towards tbe upper portion of the stem the flowers are produced. They are some- what tubular in shape, with a widely expanded mouth as in most of tbe Thunbergias, fully 2 inches across, and in colour a delightful shade of pale blue, with a lighter throat. Tbe basal portion of the tube is of a creamy tint outside, and yellow within. According to the books it was introduced from Natal in 1857, but it has never been my good fortune to see it in bloom before, and the large Gloxinia-like flowers borne on rather weak- looking herbaseous stems at once arrested attention. — H. P. 156, THE GARDEN. LSeptembee 9, 1905. LILACS. IF the Japanese had Lilacs as varied and good as their Cherri«s and Plums they would probably have a Lilac festival. The late Sir Richard Owen used to invite his friends at " Lilac-time " to his garden at Sheen, and where these lovely shrubs are well done they afford beautiful effects in the home landscape as well as charm in the hand and fragrance. To no family has the harm done by grafting been more iujurioua than to the Lilac. Everywhere grafted on Privet for the sake of cheapness and ease of increase, it has proved an alliance that they resent by dying. We lost ten years through such a collection, grafted on Privet, that we got from M. Baltet ; instead of growing up they grew down, and nearly all of them have slowly perished. And so it has been in many gardens where Lilacs have been put in the shrubberies but rarely show their fine value, though so many superb varieties have been raised in recent years. In our country the best results from Lilacs are often seen about farmhouses and in small gardens, where the Persian Lilac on its own roots, and perhaps a few common kinds also, are grown. The degradation of the Lilac is best seen in the London squares like Lincoln's Inn Fields and St. James's Square, where the bushes are allowed to run wild, but are out underneath to allow of the useless and ugly digging. When it sows itself in the open the bush naturally takes a pretty habit, but this way of pruning inverts its shape and is ruinous in all ways. What we have to secure is the full value of the varieties that we now have, with their long racemes beautiful in colour if only well grown. To effect this the first thing is to insist that none shall be grafted on the Privet. The best way to increase Lilacs is by cuttings or layers, or by grafting on vigorous plants of the common Lilac. Some growers say that they will not grow so well on their own roots, but this is not the case. Seeds of the finer varieties should be sown, and in that way one might get strong plants and perhaps some charming new kinds. As to arrangement, the best way is to group our Lilacs in the sunlight — they are too often put away among mixed shrubs where they deteriorate owing to crowding and other causes. No plants more deserve a clear space in the open sun where they can ripen their wood and be free from the encroachments of coarser neighbours. Pruning. — Lilacs are too often neglected in this way, though few shrubs are better worth pruning, without which they are apt to become a tangled mass of shoots, and we do not get the fine full thyrses of bloom that are seen in French gardens. On fading the flowers should be removed, and the small and weak shoots also if the plants are too " stalky," the aim being to secure healthy and open growth during summer. Cutting back in winter is wrong, because the flowers are produced on the wood of the previous year, and cutting back to a stiff ugly outline does not deserve the name of pruning To prune is to help the natural shape of the bush and let the light into it, so that it can concentrate its energy on a number of strong flowering-shoots. Soil. — We read sometimes that the Lilac will do in any soil, and so ic may in some districts where the soil is warm and good, as in much of Ireland, where the Rouen Lilac, commonly called the Persian, makes such lovely trees. In certain heavy soils Lilacs are alow in growth, and do not ripen their wood well or flower so freely as in soils of an open nature. If we are not so fortunate as to possess this open soil we must make it so if the Lilacs are to do well. Cold places in valleys are not so good for them, especially where heavy soil occurs, because, being early, the bloom is often caught by late frosts. Therefore, in addition to warm soil, we should try and secure positions not too low down and somewhat sheltered. Coming from a warmer and sunnier land than our own — Transylvania and the regions near — very cold soils and situations are against success. Increase. — Lilacs grow freely from seed, if sown as soon as ripe. Cuttings are best made from the young wood in early summer, struck in sand on a hot-bed where they root in six to eight weeks. Layering should be done in early autumn, or suckers may be taken in spring and root readily. When once we have the Lilac on its own roots, increase from suckers is easier than the common nursery way, though some kinds sucker less freely than others. Layers are the best for high- class work. As to grafting, though the common Lilac is far better than the fatal and ugly Privet, it is not so good as " own roots," for there is always the chance of finding flowers of a choice variety mixed up with those of the common kind. Besides this, where the flower garden has any such collection of shrubs and flowers as we now possess, the gardener has no time for the labour of watching and removing suckers, which in a rational system of propagation do not trouble him. The Best Kinds. — Though some of the old varieties were beautiful — even the common Lilac when well grown — to have a good Lilac-time it is essential to have the newer varieties raised in France and remarkable for their size and range of colour. The best are : Singles. — White — Marie Legraye, Princess Alexandra, Frau Dammann, Mme. Moser, alba pvramidalis. Pink — Dr. Regel, Eckenholm, Fiirst Lichtenstein, Schermerhornii, Jacques Callot, Lovanensis. Dark flowers — Dr. Lindley, Ludwig Spiith, Aline Mocqueris, Toussaint L'Ouverture, Volcan, Philemon, President Mas- sart. Doubles. — White — Mme. Lemoine, Mme. Casimir P^rier, Ob^lisque, Mme. Abel. Chatenay. Lavender and blue — Alphonse Livall^e, President Grevy, Lamarck, L^on Simon, Monument Carnot, Condorcet, Doyen Keteleer, Guizot, Marc Micheli. Dark shades — Charles Joly, Colbert, Georges Bellair, Li Tour d'Auvergne, Souvenir de Louis Thibaut, Mar^chal de Bassompierre. Rosy Lilac — Mme. Jules Finger, Rosea grandi- flora, and Emile Lemoine. — Flora and Sylva (July). CORRESPONDENCE. (The Editor is not responsible for the opinions expressed by correspondents. ) NICOTIANA SANDERS. [To THB Editor of " The Garden."] SI R , — I cannot agree with your corre- spondent about this plant. I have plants at present quite 5 feet high and 4 feet through in 83-inch pots with splendid large flowers, nearly as large as N. afiinis, and with quite four times as many flowers as one ever sees on that kind. N. Sanderse has been in flower at least six weeks, and looks like lasting as long again. It ie a good flower to cut, as it lasts well when in glasses, short or tall, having stems 3 feet long. I can say when used for table decoration with Gypsophila paniculata it is grand, the colour most striking, especially where electric light is used. I will admit it has no smell. I find you must not grow it too cold. It is best in frames kept a little close, with a damp atmosphere and plenty of stimulants when the roots have permeated the soil. My experience of it when grown cold is that the colour is not pleasing and the plants do not grow so well. A. W. Taylor. Chesterford Park, Saffron Walden, Essex. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — My experience with Nicotiana Sanderso proves quite opposite to your correspondent's on page 103. I put six plants in a small round bed, and at the present time they are one mass of bloom, and have been greatly admired. Certainly the flowers are not so large as those of N. affinis, but they are a very pleasing colour. They want to be planted in clumps to get the right effect. I think it is an excellent addition to the Nicotianas, and those that want scent can still grow N. affinis. C. Williams. The Gardens, Belmont House, Doncaster. BISHOP'S WEED. [To THE Editor or "The Gardbk."] Sir, — Regarding "A. D.'s" enquiry as to what plant is meant by Bishopweed, I may say it is Jllgopodium Podagraria. It is also known as Goutweed and Herb Gerard. It increases by means of underground runners, and is a terrible pest in a garden, especially if it gets among the roots of shrubs, &c. It is commonly known in Scotland as Bishop's Weed, but in several localities in England I have been unable to find any name for it. John Cootts. Killerton Gardens, Broadclytt, Devon. [To the Editor or " The Garden."] Sir, — I see in your issue of the 19th ult. that "A. D." wishes to know what the Scotch call Bishop's Weed. The enclosed is the plant. Unfortunately, we still have it, but only now under a thick Holly hedge. It is almost as difficult to get rid of as Mercury, as it grows happily in the densest shade. It is not a lawn plant. Sussex. E. G. K. [The plant sent is ^gopodium Podagraria (Goat Weed, Gout Weed, Bishop's Weed, Herb Gerard), a troublesome weed, difficult to eradi- cate when once established. It is spread over Europe and Western Asia, but is not considered a native of this country, although it is very abundant in waste places near buildings or gar- dens. — Ed. ] [To the Editor of " The Garden."] Sir, — In your issue of the 19th ult. your corre- spondent "A. D." asks. What is Bishop's Weed? The only plant I know which is sometimes called by that name is ^gopodium Podagraria, more commonly called Gout Weed, but I have never seen it on a lawn. Tunbridge Wells. E. W. Nix. ELDOEADO POTATO. [To the Editor or "The Garden."] Sir, — It may interest your readers to know the result of one tuber of the above. I bought in March this year a 2az. tuber in the Birmingham Market Hall. To-day I dug up the seven small plants I got off it (by growing it on in moss and leaf-mould in a frame). There were 149 tubers, weighing 151b. 4oz. ; largest tuber 6A0Z. ; no disease, though other varieties in close proximity in same ground had diseased considerably. A few of the tubers are slightly rough in the skin, the others quite clean and smooth. My Early Puritans did very well also, some of the plants bearing twenty-two to twenty-five good tubers, and very few had less than eight. J. R. Fraser (Major). The Island, Romsey, Hants. GARDENERS AND RAILWAY TARIFFS. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — Much has been said regarding the treat- ment gardeners and fruit-growers receive at the hands of the various railway companies. We cannot expect them to handle small consignments at the same rates as those by which whole train- loads of produce are carried. When we can send different stuff by the truckload there is far less cause for grumbling, but very few boons are granted by the companies without great pressure being brought to bear upon them ; it is no use to September 9, 1905,] THE GAKDEN. 157 grumble among ourselves, grumbling will not bring about the much-needed reforms. Com- petition always lowers rates, and to my mind the motor - car will soon be a formidable rival to railway companies, and will in time place us on a proper footing. J. H. C. WOODRUFFB. Longfield Hill, Kent. GARDENING IN SUBURBS. [To THE Editob op " Thb Garden."] Sir, — Like other town gardeners, I was greatly interested in Miss Franklin's prize paper pub- blished on the 19th ult. Of course " suburbs " is a wide term, and applies equally to a country town, where the atmosphere is clean and pure, and to towns like Leeds, where the air is poisoned by the fumes of countless works. I notice the first three Roses on her list are Hybrid Ferpetuals, which in my experience are useless for town gardens, partly because their period of flowering is so short, but mainly because (as she states in paragraph V.) the rough leaves get so clotted with dirt the plants never look well, and after the second year do little good. The hardier Teas, such as Mme. Lambard, and all the Chinas, especially Mme. Eugene Resal and Laurette Messimy, throw off the dirt, and with occasional syringing in dry weather flower and look healthy all the summer and autumn. The wichuraiana type do well for the same reason. I wonder if other town gardeners find the same. Violets will hardly grow at all, and Primroses and Christmas Roses, unless under glass, look too dirty to be beautiful. Bulbs of all kinds flourish, and Irises of all sorts — Spanish, Japanese, Siberian, German, and Eoglish — keep up a constant succession throughout the summer. Leeds. B. K. 6. THE TITS. [To THE Editor or "The Garden."] Sir, — In regard to your correspondent who says that the tits are so destructive, I should like to mention that if you feed them you will always find they are a great boon. I always nail one or two Cocoanuts high up on the house and nice cooked or uncooked thick pieees of fat either on the house hanging from a long nail or else hung up on my arch, and neither kind of tits hurt my flowers, but I notice them after a good feed at the fat, &c., go and carefully look all over the stems of plants and eat up all insects, and we find the same with the sparrows. They never hurt my plants. M. K. B. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS. KNIPHOFIA. R. WILSON-KER. RED FLOWERED Torch Lilies of recent introduction have not always proved distinct from older forms, and really good plants can still be counted on ^ the fingers of both hands. Wilson- Ker's plant, however, must be con- sidered a real gain. It is a veritable giant, growing 6 feet in height, the leafage vigorous and borne erect, as in Gynerium, forming a hand- some clump for the shrubbery, wild garden, and for waterside. It is very hardy also, and wonderfully free-flowering for such a giant form. The flower-stems are about 3 inches in circum- ference, and they have long spikes of coral red flowers that expand widely at the mouth and are perfectly cylindrical in outline. A darker vein- ing of red traverses each tube, and a little yellow may be seen at the petal tips, but generally, and at a distance of a few yards, nothing but the brilliant coral red is apparent. Another good feature which removes this hybrid from the rank and file of Torch Lilies is the absence of any glaucous grey colouring at the top of the spike ; the undeveloped buds are nearly as brightly- coloured as the perfect flowers. Grown with scores of other kinds in a large collection, it is a long way ahead of those in its own colour range. The inflorescence exceeds 1 foot in length, and gradually tapers from base to summit. GENTIANA SEPTEMFIDA. Towards autumn, when alpine flowers in bloom are scarce, Gentiana septemfida and its variety cordifolia are more appreciated than they would be were they to flower when other alpines are in full beauty. They are, it must be said, however, so beautiful in themselves that they would well repay the little care they require were they to flower when rock plants are most plentiful. While the typical G. septemfida is some- times as much as 14 feet high, the variety cordifolia is dwarfer, and is exceedingly neat and pleasing. From seeds these plants will vary both in stature and in the colour of the flower. Some seed- lings will not be more than 4 inches or 5 inches high, while the colour of the blooms may range from pale to deep blue. Unlike some of the Gen- tians, which come slowly and unsatis- factorily from seeds, G. septem- fida and its variety come compara- tively quickly and freely from seeds, especially if these are sown as soon as ripe in a pan under glass. Both are of easy culture, but they object to being burned up in long-continued dry weather by full ex- posure to the sun, combined with dry- ness at the root. I have found them do best in partial fhade when on a light and dry soil, and it is only when there is some moisture under- aeath the roots that these Gen- tians can stand dry weather in full sun. With par- tial shade and a rather moist soil they will be found satisfactory and very beautiful. S. Arnott. THE COTTON THI(STLE. (Onopordon Acanthium.) The accompanying illustration is from a photo- graph taken in the Rev. J. F. Hasting's garden at Hartley, near Worcester. The Thistle, of which there were several specimens, was about 9 feet high. When in full flower this is a noble plant, and most picturesque in appearance. POTENTILLA TONGUEI. This little Potentilla is of hybrid origin, and a very pretty plant for rock gardens. The leaves are in close flattened tufts, from which issue many trailing, leafy stems, thickly studded with charm- ing little blossoms, coloured a rich orange, barred with terra cotta, and spotted vivid crimson around the cluster of anthers. Like most Fotentillas, this hybrid is of rather loose habit, but in so small and charming a plant it must be regarded as an advantage. Planted in a recess behind a rocky ledge, its flowering growths could, by a little persuasion, be trained to drape the boulder from the ledge, thus securing for it the position where it would be most likely to thrive and THE COTTON THISTLE (ONOPORDON ACANTHIUM) IN A WORCESTERSHIRE OABDEN. where it could be displayed to the best advantage. The flower stems often exceed 2 feet in length, and are never raised above the soil more than 3 inches, so that some raised position is really necessary. It begins to flower in May and con- tinues more or less freely throughout summer. G. B. M. LILIUM AURATUM TASHIROI. ; This Lily does not exceed 3 feet in height, and may not inaptly be described as a dwarf L, a. platyphyllum. It is on account of this 158 THE GARDEN. [September 9, 1905. BANK OF BOSES IN THE OAKDEN AT AVON CASTLE. restricted growth that it is to be preferred as a pot plant to the type. The leaves are rather smaller than those of platyphyllum, but the flowers are fully as large and quite as fine. It is nearly two years since I purchased a few bulbs of it. Last autumn they bloomed, and they are now again in flower. Though grown in pots, I have not forced them. They have been out of doors all the summer, and are simply moved into the greenhouse when the buds are ready to open. The bulbs are left in pots all the year, but, of course, in winter are placed where they are protected from frost. I enclose a photo- graph of a plant (two stems) in greenhouse having twelve perfect blossoms all out at the same time. Also a photograph of a head of five flowers cut for the house. W. R. [We thank our correspondent heartily for the photographs. — Ed.] STOVE & GREENHOUSE. IMANTOPHYLLUMS (OLIVIAS). CLIVIAS form the most useful cIms of plants we have either for supplying cut bloomsor for the decoration of the conservatory. No class is likely to produce better results than these if they are only treated in the ordinary way. They do not require much heat ; in fact, they may be wintered in a cool house provided frost is excluded, but for them to be of the greatest value a gentle heat should be given them about the middle of December in order that they may bloom from January oawards. When grown to supply cut flowers large plants are preferable, as more bloom can be then cut from a limited space. I had recently a number of large plants in 16inch pots, with an average of twenty spikes on each ; these I find most useful for cutting, but when grown for decoration small plants are best, as they can be arranged to greater advantage. In beginning with new and rare varieties, it is well to allow them plenty of pot room, as Olivias are gross feeders and delight in an abundant supply of water during the growing season. If potted in light rich soil and given due attention they will make ofif-sets freely, so that a stock can soon be worked up. When the plants have attained a fair size the roots can be restricted. during the time they are making their growth. Pots 9 inches or 10 inches in diameter are suitable for growing plants in to produce cut blooms. Plants of this size are also useful for large con- servatories, but for rooms or for arranging in groups those having one spike are preferable. A temperature of about 50° auits them well ; in fact, no greater heat should be given unless it be on bright sunny days, when air can be given, for when brought into bloom gradually the flowers have more substance. When the plants have finished flowering they should be given a temperature of not less than 45° till they have completed their growth, after which, should their room be required and the weather be warm enough, they may be placed out of doors for the summer months, where they will take no harm. The amateur will find these plants most useful for growing either in the conservatory or the vinery ; they are of robust habit, with leaves of a deep lustrous green, and hardly ever attacked with insect pest. Most gardeners are well acquainted with the old Imantophyllum miniatum, but there are now many new varieties, some of which are most beautiful, the trusses of bloom are larger and more symmetrical, the individual blooms also larger and of a better shape. The colours, too, are more attractive. Admiration is one of the finest of the improved forms. The truss is probably the largest yet produced. Optima is the largest flowered variety and one of the most brilliantly coloured ; it is a bright orange-scarlet, with a light yellow band at the base of each segment and white on each side of it. T. B. Field. from rambling, snake-like growths to what appear to be heaps of prickly cannon-balls. The Opuntias or Prickly Pear tribe vary this on somewhat leafier lines, their thick, flat, tennis-bat shaped pseudo leaves forming large bushes in some cases, while in others the same genus covers the ground with terribly spiky masses, waist deep, and formed of bunches of short growths like links of a ship's cable, mounted on a jointed stem of similar make (Opuntia horrida). As Cacti range from the hottest tropical regions right into the moderately warm temperate ones, a few being even hardy under dry, sunny conditions, the various species, of course, diS'er in their tempera- ture requirements. But we have seen even reputedly tender ones of the cannon-ball type thriving where frost was keen enough to produce 5-feet icicles on the railway tanks in the vicinity and snow was lying inches deep about the plants themselves. This hardiness, however, was un- doubtedly the outcome of vigour induced by brilliant sunshine and perfect drainage, the latter evidenced by their growth on mere rocky rubble at an elevation of about 2,000 feet above sea-level. Obviously, therefore, the secret of success is the nearest possible approach to these conditions under cultivation. The roots of Cacti appear to serve mainly as anchors, and it is probable that they gather the bulk of the essential moisture from the night dews rather than from the soil. This implies only enough pot room to accommo- date the plants, ample drainage must be provided for, and the soil should be a sandy compost of preferably porous stone rubble intermingled with a little leaf-mould. The Phyllocacti, by their structure, indicate a capacity for more shady and humid conditions than those of the Cereus or Opuntia tribe, since it may be taken as a general principle that the larger the leaf area of a plant the shadier and damper is its native habitat. The arrangement of Cacti under glass should, therefore, be guided by this if, as is usually the case, some portions of the house be less well lighted than others, and the nearer the glass the better for the most sun-loving types. The Epiphyllums require somewhat warmer treatment than mere exclusion of frost, but most of the Opuntias, Melanocacti, Phyllocacti, and Cereus would do well in an ordinary greenhouse if afforded plenty of air and ample sunshine, and kept as nearly dry at the roots as is consistent with bare existence during the winter or dormant period. When in growth water may be sup- plied a little more liberally, but never in such a way that the soil becomes sodden. Cacti are easily propagated by their joints, which after severance should be laid on the surface of the soil for a few days before insertion therein. In their native haunts Cacti propagate themselves freely in this way, their joints being often very brittle, and when broken off by wind or animals rooting where they lie without any aid whatever. Chas. T. Drheky, V.M.H., F.L.S. "] CACTI. [In reply to " Londoner. The culture of Cacti is by no means diiEcult under glass where frost is excluded, provided two vital essentials be kept in mind, viz., that they cannot stand much moisture at the root, and require as much light and sunshine as possible. In their native habitats they grow in sandy or rocky soil under the driest possible conditions, and are literally baked day after day in the hottest sunshine, except in the short periods of the rainy season. Under these conditions the plains and hill flanks are dotted with numerous species, some huge and many small, the larger ones standing out in the landscape like immense prickly Cucumbers, 10 feet or 15 feet high, some- times branched and sometimes merely bunched THE ROSE GARDEN. together at their bases in groups of a dozen or so, provided abundance of nourishment is given them I while the smaller ones assume all sorts of shapes, 1 BANK OF EOSES AT AVON CASTLE. SEND you a photograph of a bank covered with Dorothy Perkins Rose, which may interest some of your readers who have to contend with similar steep slopes in the vicinity of dwelling-houses. The results have been very satisfactory. Other climb- ing Roses are planted alternately with the one in question, but it was not until Dorothy Perkins was in flower that we got a really pleasing effect. As you will see, they are planted at the foot of the bank, and as the growths extend they are pegged down. We intend this autumn to try Lady Gay for the same purpose ; but most of the Wichuraiana Roses are well sidapted for covering banks, and might be used far more extensively than they are. G. B. September 9, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 169 BOSS DOKOTHY PERKINS. Mr. Parker, East Finehley, kindly sends a photograph of Eoae Dorothy Perkins growing in a suburban garden, with the following note : " This is one of five climbing or pillar Roses I planted last November. They are all growing at the edge of the lawn, about 1 foot from the path and 10 feet apart. I cut out circular holes in the grass, 2 feet in diameter and 3 feet deep, filling them with good loam well mixed with bone-dust and a few inches of old manure at the bottom, resting on about 4 inches of broken bricks. They are now sending up strong growths from the base which promise to soon reach the top of the pillars at the rate they are growing. I think this proves that, given comfortable quarters, climbing Boses are as satisfactory as any to grow near towns." BARBADOS BANANAS. THE prospect of the above trade ranking as a permanent and well- established industry at Barbados is being rapidly realised, and will become more and more important as the quality of the fruit becomes better known in this country. Though the big, fat fruits of the Costa Rica and Jamaica varieties are by no means to be despised — and would probably suffice to satisfy the appetite of an epicure, were there no better fruit to be had — when once the smaller or thin-skinned form imported from the Canaries and now from Barbados, and furnished by Musa Cavendishii has been tasted, there can be no doubt as to the superiority of the latter. Besides this, the systems adopted in the exportation of the fruits of the two kinds from Jamaica and Costa Rica and from Barbados are different, for while the former arrive in what is known as a " naked " con- dition— that is, in loose bunches, by which the skin gets more or less bruised, and con- sequently blackened — the latter are always carefully packed in crates, each containing a single, though sometimes a double, bunch, and these bunches are each first wrapped in a sheet of cotton wool, then in soft paper, and carefully laid in a bed of dry Banana " trash," namely, the leaves of the Banana itself, after which the slats are nailed on the crate, and more dry leaves pushed in between to make the bunch steady, but at the same time to leave it without pressure from any point. The result of this is that the fruits are not bruised, and when unpacked each " finger " is of a delicate and uniform green colour, and, after hanging in a dry or warm room for a short time, they gradually change to an uniform pale yellow colour. Being so lightly packed the air circulates through the crates, and thus heating or sweating is pre- vented in the ship's hold. It has been suggested that the same system of packing might be adopted with advantage with the Jamaica fruit, but the following explanation may be given why it was not done at first, and why it has not since been adopted. About thirty years ago the ship- ment of Bananas from Jamaica to New York began in a small way. As it was found that the fruit arrived in America in good condition without being packed in crates, the system of not packing became the general use, which has been continued to the present time. At a later period, when the question arose as to the exportation of the Jamaica fruit to England, Mr. (now Sir Daniel) Morris strongly urged the desirability of packing them in crates in bhe same way as the Canary Bananas, but the suggestion was over- ruled, as it was srtated that owing to the enormous quantity shipped at one time it would be impossible to find sufficient crates for the purpose, and, further, that the price likely to be obtained for Jamaica Bananas would not justify placing them in crates. At present a much larger quantity of Jamaica Bananas are imported and consumed in this country than from Barbados, but it has been before said the trade in the latter is a growing one, and as the demand increases , so the cultivation will extend. It may not be generally known that nearly all, if not all, the consignments of Barbados Bananas are carried by the fortnightly boats of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, and are landed at Plymouth. Through the courtesy of Messrs. W. Pink and Sons of Portsmouth and Plymouth, to whom all the consignments of Bananas from Barbados are made, I had the opportunity last June of going out to the Plymouth Breakwater to meet the mail steamer Trent and see the unloading from the capacious holds of the liner some 1,500 or 1,600 crates of Bananas from Barbados. It is a busy scene, for the moment the steamer anchors inside the breakwater the Great Western Railway Company's tender (which has conveyed us and the post office officials who are to take over the mails) draws alongside, and the mails, bags and boxes, as well as sixteen passengers out of the 200 odd on board, are taken to shore. At the same time the empty lighters which have been waiting the arrival of the vessel are towed to their positions on each side, and the delivery of the fruit cargo commences. The iron doors which cover the holds are opened, and by the aid of cranes eight or nine crates are lifted from the bottom of the vessel at one time, slung over the ship's side, and lowered into the lighter. The lifting of so many crates at one time is effected by lowering a huge square and stout tarpaulin sheet. Into this the crates are put, and the four corners being brought together and hooked on to the pulley, they are raised from the hold and dropped in perfect safety in the lighter. In developing this new Colonial industry great credit is due to all the officers of the Imperial Department of Agriculture, as well as to the officers of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company. John R. Jackson. Claremont, Lympstone, Devon. TREES AND SHRUBS. RECENTLY -EXHIBITED SHRUBS. VISITORS to the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on the 1st ult. had a good opportunity of seeing some of the finest shrubs at that time in flower, included among them being some new kinds, as well as many old favourites. No less than four awards of merit were given to hardy shrubs, a number which at one meeting has not been exceeded for some time. Those so honoured were A Variety of Common Barberry (Berberis vulgaris foliis purpureis macrophylla). — A par- ticularly fine form of the purple-leaved variety of the common Barberry. Until the present time it does not appear to have been distributed, but as shown it should, in spite of its outrageously long name, become very popular. The oniinary form colours best in a fairly hungry soil and in a sunny spot, conditions which are likely to be equally favourable to the newer one. B0DDLEIA variabilis maonifioa. — Whfen Buddleia variabilis was first introduced from Central China it attracted much attention, but few, if any, were at that time prepared for the great diversity that may now be found in dif- ferent individuals of this species. Just three years ago the variety veitchiana was given a first-class certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society, and since then it has made great headway in popular favour. Briefly, veitchiana may be described as a greatly superior form of the type, and now the new comer (magnifica) shows a con- siderable advance on the previous one, the flowers being much richer in colour. BANAKA TREK WITH TWO BUNCHES OF FRUIT READY FOB GUTTINO. 160 THE GARDEN. [September 9, 1905. ^^ Canadian Elder (Sambuous canadensis). - This appears to be the correct name of the Elder grown for some time in nurseries as S. pubens or §. pubens maxima. Such may or may not be the case, for S. canadensis is said by Loudon to have been introduced in 1761, and, if this is the same, it is strange that its merits as an August- flowering shrub should have been so long overlooked. It forms a large, bold- growing shrub, not so tree-like as the common Elder, while, apart from the fact that it does not flower till long after the others, the blooms are borne in immense trusses. Spir^a AlTCHl- SONI. — A noble Spiraea, which was at one time con- founded with the well - known and deservedly popular S. lindleyana. From that species S. Aitchisoni may be readily distin- guished by its whiter flowers, its smoother and deeper green leaves, and reddish stems. In habit, too, S. Aitchisoni is more spreading and less pro- lific in suckers than the older kind. While S. lindleyana is a native of the Himalayas, S. Aitchi- soni was discovered by the late Dr. Aitchison in the Kuram Valley, Afghanistan, and first flowered at Kew about fifteen years ago. Besides the above-named subjects there were several that at least deserve special mention, and only the fact that they had previously gained honours pre- vented them from having their merits officially recognised. Very beautiful and interesting were Bkrberidopsis OORALLINA, a delight- ' ful member of the Barberry family, which, when in good condition, forms a climbing or rambling shrub. The ovate leaves are 3 inches or 4 inches long, dark green, leathery, and the edges are furnished with spines. The flowers, borne as a rule in late summer and early autumn, are indivi- dually not unlike those of Berberis dulcis or buxifolia, but they are borne in small clusters and hang suspended by very long stalks. In- stead of being yellow, they are of a bright coral-red tint, which is very little repre- sented among shrubs in bloom. It is a native of Chili, and, in common with most plants from that region, a fairly humid atmosphere suits it best. EUCETPHIA PINNA- TIFOLIA. — Also a native of Chili, and requiring the same conditions as are re- commended in the case of the Berberidopsis. The usual habit of the Eucryphia is to form a rather upright, freely-branched specimen, which in its native country is said to reach a height of 10 feet to 15 feet, a stature that some specimens in England must almost, if not quite, have attained. The pure white flowers are, except in colour, suggestive of a Hypericum, having the same prominent cluster of stamens. They are about 3 inches in diameter, and produced from the axils of the upper parts of the shoots. The pipnate leaves are deep green. A moist yet well- drained soil, with a fair proportion of peat and sand, suits this Eucryphia best. It was first introduced about a quarter of a century ago, and is still far from a common shrub in gardens. Tamarix odkssana. — There is a good deal of confusion regarding the nomenclature of the dif- ferent forms of Tamarisk, THE FLOWER GARDEN. I NOTES FROM THE OLD PARSONAGE GARDEN. Some New Plants. N The Garden of the .'jth ult. I noted Adenophora Potanini mentioned as a plant for a rock garden with loose spikes, of flowers some 18 inches in height. Either your correspondent is not fortunate in his soil or I am perhaps unfortunate in growing Brobdig- nagian varieties, for here we have border plants 4 feet 10 inches in height and from 2 feet to 3 feet in diameter ; but much can be done by selecting seed. My variety is a rich .sky blue, extremely free, and not the watery mauve of the original. There i.s a white variety, but so far the seed supplied me has not come true. Cnicus conspicims (the crimson Mexican Thistle).— I have mentioned this splendid biennial before in your columns. Two years since I flowered it very finely, and it ripened seed. Now I have a good stock, and instead of all crimson the colours have sported in the most interesting manner, some orange, and others pure mandarin yellow. 1 am at a loss to understand this, as although vie, grow many of the choicer varieties of Thistle, we have nothing that could give a yel- low colour. A new white Delphinium. — So far as I know there is no white Delphinium, Beauty of Lang- port and Primrose Dame (Kelway's two varieties) being cream coloured; whilst Albion has a very distinct blue tinge which goes off into a bluish white. In a bed with these three varieties is a strong plant of King of Delphi- niums. The seed of a spike of this variety was saved last year, and the seedlings are now flowering, amongst which is an absolutely pure white flower, semi-double, the outer and inner rows of petals being marked with a strong blotch of rich green, giving in its half - opened state an extra- ordinary resem- blance to the spring Snow- flake, the white- some of which are of great beauty. According to ness of which it equals. If 1 am so fortunate the "Kew Hand List" the correct name of this is ' as to grow this plant as it ought to De giown, T. Pallasii, but in any case it is one of the best, and 1 1 anticipate that it will be an uo'^l-'^^f ., 34, Surrey Street, Strand, London. C. B. P.— Ine.^penaive Tulips that will doubtless prove serviceable LEGAL POINTS. Copyright in Letters (/. W.). — The writer of a letter retains the copyright, and can prevent the receiver from publishing the letter, except under special circumstances. Guns [Max, Chester). — Except in a dwelling house, or the curtilage thereof, a gun cannot be used without a yearly license — cost, 10 1. Licenses may be obtained at the post office. Penalty not exceeding £10. Licenses expire on July 31. No license is required by any person in the naval, military, or volunteer service, or in the police force ; by any person possessing a game license, by any person carrying a gun belonging to a person having a game license, by the occupier of any lanH using a gun for the purpose of scaring birds or killing vermin, or by any person using a gun for these purposes by order of the occupier, if the occupier possesses a game or gun license, or by any gunsmith or his servant using or testing a gun in the course of trade. Liability or Gardeners (D. M. R.). — You can obtain a policy covering your liability under the Workmen's Compensation Act from the London and Lancashire Fire Insurance Company collections of dessert fruit AND EXHIBITS IN THE CHAMPION GRAPE CLASS AT THE RECENT SHREWSBURY FLOWER SHOW. to you are pink Tulip Isabella and Tulipa Didieri alba, both of which flower together. Another good white, but with pink edging, is Picotee. All these are lasting Tulips, and will aaaociaie well with the Silene. A good mauve Tulip you will And in Zephyr, Lyacius, or Prevost Exilles, all of which are tall growing with cup-«haped flowers of remarkable beauty. J. W. Preston. ~Tae following si.x varieties would be worthy companions to Caroline Testout, They are free blooming, of vigorous growth, and yield beautiful shapely blossoms, and, moreover, the first three are sweetly fragrant : Gladys Harknesa, Pharisaer, Mme. Abel Chatenay, Admiral Dewey, Mme. Wagram, and Frau Karl Druschki. W. A. G. — The Nectarine sent waa ao badly decayed outaide that the skin had gone disc -"loured, but from the colour of the flesh and ita good fl&vo ir we should aay it was Lord Napier, still one of the^ery best Nectarines grown. This variety has large flowers and kidney-shaped glands. You will remember if your tree had large flowers, if so it is the variety named ; beii g so much over-ripe made it difficult to recognise. QUESTIONS. Plants Mentioned by Shakespeare.— Can you or any of your readers tell me what are the following plants mentioned by Shakespeare : Love-in-idleness, Buckler's Berry, Long Purples, and Mary-buds 't — S. Lloyd, North WaUn. Wasps and Dahlias. — Is it usual for wasps to attack Dahlias ? In a large bed of about twenty-four Cactus Dihlias, some eight or nine were spoilt by wasps, several dozen on each plant. They eat the stems nearly through.— 11. S, of 76, King William Street, London, E C , or the Ojean Accident and Guirantee Corporation, 36 to 44, Moorgate Street, E.C. Notice by Gardener ((?. H.). — A gardener who is paid fortnightly need not give notice on his pay day. He can give a fortnight's notice at any time. SOCIETIES. NATIONAL CERYSANTHEMUil SOCIETY. The executive committee of this society held a meetinE; OQ Tuesday, the 20th ult., at Carr's Restaurant. Strand, when Mr. Thomas Bevan occupied the chair. The chair- man allnded to the special circumstances necessitating the meeting, and said he was sure the members all shared with him the d^ep regret he felt at the luss of their late secretary, Mr. Richard Dean, who had passed away after a long and painful illness. A vote of condolence with the family was proposed and passed unanimously. With respect to the secretaryship, aftpr a few intro- ductory remarks from the chairman, Mr. Harman Payne proposed, and Mr. Such sec()nded, ihat Mr. Gerald Dean, the late secretary's sou, should fill the post of secretary until the end of the present financial year. This was agreed to. A special resolution was passed empowering TAi. Gerald Dean to act in receiving all moneys, signing 168 THE GARDEN. [September 9, 1905. cheques, &c. The superintendence of the forthcoming sbowa at the Crystal Palace was placed in the hands of a small Bub-commlttee, consisting of Messrs. Castelton, Simpson, Hawes, and Moorman, with the officers. Some little discussion took place on the subject of the appointment of a new secretary, and this matter was also referred to a special sub-committee to consider as to salary and duties, and a report will be submitted to the executive committee later in the season. A vote of thanks was passed to the chairman for sending, in the name of the National Chrysanthemum Society, a beautiful wreath to the late secretary's funeral CD the 20th ult. MONTROSE. The Montrose Society is to be congratulated upon the successful show it held on the ISth and 19th ult. in two large marquees on the Mid Links, Montrose. Seldom, if ever, has such a fine display of horticultural skill been seen at Montrose in the twenty-eight years of the society's existence. A feature is the number of exhibits from nurserymen and others from a distance. Mr. E. Joss, Sunnyside, a well-known exhibitor at Scottish shows, was one of the principal winners, and his prizes include the Wellwishers' Challenge Cup for the best displays of fruits, flowers, vegetables, and plants,the first for best collection of fruits, and the same for the best collection of vegetables. Mr. James Gordon had the first prize for the best circular table with an exhibit characterised by high cultivation and graceful arrangement. Another feature of the show which deserves special mention is the window-box compe- tition, which brought forward a number of competitors; while the table display competition was an excellent one, Mr, W. Stott having a creditable victory with his exhibit over Mrs. Black, who came second with a tastefully- arranged table. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF PERTH- SHIRE; To celebrate the centenary of its establishment the Royal Horticultural Society of Perthshire arranged for a show on a larger scale than usual, to expend over three days. This was held in the grounds of PitcuUen, the property of Mr. Henry Coates, the president, and terminated on the 19th ult., on which day it was estimated that more than 5,000 persons visited the show, and the takings for the three days amounted to ^V2i I7s. (5d. The show was of exceptional merit, the judges having considerable difficulty in deciding the prize awards. Both the principal and smaller prizes were well competed for. The leading prize of the show, the Perth Town Council's Challenge Cup for the best croup of plants went to Mr. John Leslie. Pitcullen ; Mr. J. E. Davis, Ballathie, coming second. The Perth Merchants' Challenge Cup for a table of plants was also won by Mr. J. Leslie, his close rival being Mr. T. Dobbin. Dalhousie Castle. The plant classes were all good and well contested. The Brahan Cup, for a display of cut flowers and foliage, was won by Mr. J. E. Davis, Dallathie, Mr. Dobbin being second, and Mr. Leslie third. The silver challenge cup offered by Messrs. Alexander and Brown for twelve varieties of Sweet Peas was won by Mr. J. Kennedy, Moness. The challenge gold medal presented by the Gefleral Accident Assurance Company was awarded to Mr. R. M'Naughton, Battleby, for a collection of fruit. Mr. J. Leslie being second. The Rosebank silver bowl for a display of vegetables, twelve sorts, went to Mr. W. Harper, Tulliebelton. Amateurs showed well as a rule, and their produce was excellent in quality. MUSSELBURGH. This show, which was held in the grounds of Pinkie House on the 19th ult., was hardly equal to that of last year. Fruit was weaker, but the cut flowers were generally excellent. It is to be hoped that amateurs will compete more largely, and the success of one of their number ought to encourage them to exhibit more extensively. This was through a leading amateur (Mr. A, Davidson) securing the silver medal for the greatest number of points over the show. Mr. Davidson entered the lists in the professional classes as well as in the others, and made a most credit- able appearance in both. He had twenty-eight ttrst and nine second prizes. The leading prizewinners with flowers were Mr. W. Armstrong, Mr. R. M'Andie, Mr. D. Kidd, Mr. W. M'Donald, and Mr. D. H. Niven. With vegetables : Mr. M'Andie, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Kidd, Mr. Thomson, and Mr. D. Wood. Fruit: Mr. Kidd, Mr. M'Andie, Mr. Thomson, and Mr. D. Wood. Among the amateurs the following led ; Mr. Davidson, Mr. W. Wood, Mr. G. Hawley, and Bailie Bissett for flowers, Mr. Williamson for fruit, and Mr. Davidson and Mr. Wood for vegetables. for Apricots, Plums, and Melons. Mr. J. M'Donald was the winner for his collection of twelve sorts of vegetables, and Mr. A. Binnie in that of ten. Amateurs and cottagers made a most creditable display. NORTH BERWICK SHOW. This show, which was held in the Foresters' Hall on the 18th ult., was a highly satisfactory one, the exhibits being both more numerous than in former years and of better quality. It was opened by Mr. G. M'Crae, M.P., in the presence of a large and distinguished company of local residents and visitors. The appearance of the hall was much enhanced by the non-competitive exhibits of Messrs. Cunningham, Fraser, and Co., Edinburgh ; Mr. John Downie, Edinburgh ; and Messrs. Matthew Campbell and Son, High Blantyre. Herbaceous plants, for which special prizes were offered, were fine, the first prize being won by Mr. A. Binnie, Redholm, who had also a number of prizes in other classes. Other successful exhibitors of flowers were Messrs. J. M'Donald, The Lodge; Mr. W. Miller, Tusculum ; Mr. T. Lees, Mr. H. Reid, and Mr. Deas. In fruit: Mr. J. Anderson, Inchgarry, led for Grapes ; Mr. J. Law for Peaches and Nectarines ; and Mr. J. Woodcock BRIGHTON FLOWER SHOW. In the Dome and Corn Exchange attached to the Royal Pavilion the fourteenth annual show was held on the 22Qd and 23rd ult., and was in point of quality equal to any of its predecessors. Fruit and vegetables were not so numerous as in some past years, but cut flowers, groups for ttf ect, and table decorations were quite up to the average. The arrangements here are quite of the best under the able guidance of Mr. Thorpe, the secretary. Plants. For a group of miscellaneous flowering and foliage subjects arranged for e£fect there was keen competition- Mr. G. Miles, Victoria Nursery, Dyke Road, Brighton, won the coveted award, a silver cup. Mr. G. Sims, gardener to E. A. Wallis, Esq., Sunnyside, Upper Lewes Road, Brighton, was second ; Mr. J. Harper, gaidener to E. A. Tucker, Esq., Vernon Lodge, Preston, third. Ferns arranged in groups made a pleasing display on one side of the spacious Cum Exchange. Mr. James Adams, gardener to the Rev. Sir G. C. Shiffner, Bart., Coombe Place, Hawsley, L^iwes, was easily flrat with grandly grown specimens. Mr. G. Miles was second with smaller plants. Flowering and foliage plants arranged on a table S feet by 4 feet made a bright display in the centre of the Dome. Mr. G. Eistwood, gardener to Mrs. Gould, the Downs Hotel, Hassocks, secured the premier award. Mr. H. Goldsmith, gardener to D. Hack, Esq., Fir Croft, Withbean, was second, five competing. Mr. H. Garnett, gardener to R. G. Fletcher, Esq , Wiihdean, was first for six Crotons in pots not to exceed 12 inches diameter; Mr. J. G. Eereveld, gardener to G. H. Young, Esq., With- dean Grange, Brighton, second. The last-named won for six Dracienas. Coleus were remarkably well shown, Mr. Collis winning the premier award in strong competition. Cut flowers were numerous and good. Fur a collection of Carnations artistically arranged on a table 4 feet square, fur which a handsome silver challenge cup was given, Messrs. H. and J. Etliott, The Nurseries, Hassocks, were easy winneis with superb flowers on long stalks; Miss Shitfuer, Coombe, Le«es, was second. Roses were not numerous, but very bright and fresh. For twelve, distinct, Mr. H. Hains, gardener to E. M. Eversfleld, Esq., won first prize ; Mr. T. D. Young, The Nurseries, Eastbourne, second. Dahlias were very finely shown. For twenty-four show or fancy in not less thau twelve varieties, Messrs. Cheal, Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley, were first. Messsrs. Cheal also won for twelve Pompons in bunches with exception- ally neat flowers. Fur twelve bunches of Cactus varieties Messrs. J. Stredwick and Sous, Silverhill Park, St. Leonards-on-Sea, staged charming blossoms ; Messrs. Cheal were second. Gladioli were well staged. Mr. James Rogers, gardener to C. E. F. Stanford, Esq., St. Aubyns, Rottingdean, was first with clean flowers. Annuals were well displayed for twelve distinct kinds in bunches. Six competed, Mr. J. Davis, gardener to Major E. H. Thurlow, Buckham Hill House, Uckfield, being flrst. Hardy perennial and bulbous flowers were numerously contributed, the eighteen bunches in each of the four collections making a bright display. Mr. J. Davis won the flrst prize. Bouquets were a poor display, but dinner tables deco- rated were a great feature. Amongst nine entries Miss Florence Motyneux, Swanmore Farm, Bishop's Waltham, Hants, was distinctly ahead of all others with suitable material artistically arranged ; Mrs. Rapley, 66, Islingwood Road, Brighton, was second. Fruit was of good quality. For a collection of eight distinct kinds, Pines excluded, Mr. John Gore, Albion Nursery, Polegate, was first. Black Hamburgh Grapes were fairly well shown. Mr. C. Earl, gardener to Sir O. E. Davigdon Goldsmid, Bart., was first. Peaches were very fine. Mr. A. Verrall, gardener to A. Shenstone, Esq., Sutton Hall, Barcombe, was first with extremely flne Barrington amongst ten exhibitors. Apples and Plums were remarkably well shown. Vegetables were moderate in quantity and quality. Exhibits not for competition were distinctly attractive. Messrs. T. Rivers and Son, Sawbridge worth, Herts, had a remarkable collection of fruit trees in pots Apple Peas- goods' Nonsuch had enormous fruit. Late Duke Cherry, Peregrine and Dagmar Peaches, Pine Apple Nectarine, Rivers' Late Orange, Late Prolific, and Golden Transparent Plums, with Black Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling Grapes made an interesting display. Gold medal. Messrs. W. Balchin and Sons, Brighton and Hove Nurseries, arranged a splendid group of flowering and foliage plants. Gold medal. Messrs. John Laing and Sons had Caladiums, Begonias, &c., a fine exhibit. Silver-gilt medal. To Mr. Russell a similar award was made for an interesting exhibit. HORTICULTURAL TRADES' ASSOCIATION. Annual Meeting at Worcester. For the past five years the association has held its annual meetings in London, but this season the council deter- mined to inaugurate a series of country meetings, to be held by rotation in the principal centres throughout the kingdom. This departure has proved an unqualified success in every way, and will probably form a precedent for all future meetings. The generous hospitality and unwearied efforts of the past president, Jlr. Carrington, through the whole of the two days put the finishing touches to a most interesting and instructive outing. Thirty-five members assembled from all parts of the country, some even journeying as far as from Scotland, Ireland, and the Channel Isles. The social side of the association's work was felt by all to have been advanced by the meeting in a way never previously experienced. Punctually at 9.30 on the Thursday the party started for Messrs. Richard Smith and Co.'s nurseries, accompanied by the proprietor, Mr. R. Smith-Carrington. As the grounds are some 300 acres in extent, aud took with the glass houses three hours to inspect even cursorily, no attempt will be made to give acatalogue of their contents. The afternoon was spent in inspecting the nurseries of Mr. J. H. White and Mr. W. B. Rowe, not covering so many acres as seen in the morning, but each containing several features of interest. With Mr. White was noted a splendidly grown lot of standard Apples, among a varied stock suited for a local trade. At Mr. Rowe's nursery the general interest centred on his two new Apples, King Edward VII. and W. Crump, the former a very valuable culinary variety, and the latter a table fruit resembling Worcester Pearmain, but with very high flavour and not in condition till March. After dinner and the usual loyal toasts had been honoured, the election of ofiicers took place. Eight members of council retiring by rotation were re-elected without opposition. One vacancy only remained, which was filled by the nomination and election of Mr. A. W. Paul, of Waltham Cross. The retiring president nominated Mr. Stuart Low (Hugh Low and Co.) as his successor. The motion was seconded by Mr. H. S. Rivers and carried by acclamation. Friday's proceedings opened with a brake drive of seven miles through a charming country, to the celebrated gardens of Madresfleld Court, thrown open by special permission of Earl Beauchamp. All present were aware of Mr. Crump's fame as a fruit grower, but only one or two had any idea of the wealth of interest these noble gardens contain in conifers, hardy flowers, &c. Gardeners* Royal Benevolent Institution.— Mr. George Bunyard.V.M.H., has forwarded to the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution a donation of £5 I83. 63.. being the amount received by him for naming fruit for non- customers and the trade. Henry Eckford TestimoniaL — Closings of the fund.— The committee has resolved that this fund shall be closed on Saturday next (September 9). Will those, there- fore, who still desire to contribute, kindly send to me on or before that dale? The subscriptions to the evening of Saturday, the 2nd inst., are l,124f shillings. — Horace J. Wright, Davit Roadf Wandsworth. British Gardeners' Association. A meeting of the executive council of the British Gardeneru' Association was held at thn Hotel Windsor on the 29 -h ult. The secretary reported that seventeen new members had joined since the previous meeting, bringing the total up to 675. Messrs. Hawes and Frogbrooke were elected on the council. Messrs. Pearson, Curtis, and the secretary were appointed a sub-committee to draft the rules of the association and to submit them to a future meeting. It was decided to hold the meetings of the association in future at the hall of the Royal Horticultural Society, Vincent Square, West- minster. As it was impossible to secure a suitable meeting place on any of the days of the Royal Horticultural Society's fruit show in October, it was decided that the conference should be deferred. Mr. Watson made the following statement : ** I regret to have to inform the council that the Board of Agriculture have called upon me to relinquish my connexion with the British Gardeners' Association, as they con- sider it incompatible with my position as a public servant that I should assist a movement of this kind. Whilst this precludes me from taking any further part in it, the association will always have my best wishes for its success. It must not be inferred that the Board of Agriculture dis- approve of the British Gardeners' Association because of their objection to my taking a part in it. I have the fullest belief in the aims of the association, which must succeed if the original programme, as set forth in our prospectus, is rigidly adhered to." The next meeting will be held at the ball of the Royal Horticultural Society, Vincent Square, Westminster, on the 26th inst. — J. Weathers, Secretary. *+* The Yearly Subscription to THE GARDEN in : Inla-nd, 68. 6d. ; Foreign, Ss. 9d. GARDEN. -^p- ^F^^^ikzziM No. 1765.— Vol. LXVIII Septembeii 16, 1905. THE NEW MONTBRETIAS. THE Montbretia is such a valuable garden flower that the following notes about the newest varieties and hybrids, vrritten by Mr. Davison, well known as a grower of this plant and a raiser of many beautiful sorts, can hardly fail to be read with interest : Amongst the many beautiful flowers of the hardy flower garden Montbretias deserve a high place for massing in large groups and for colour efifect, as they can be seen for a considerable distance. Large brealcs of them seen across a lawn with the sun shining on them are very fine, and they are also very bright even on a wet day. If planted in good patches in the hardy border they will add iDrightness at a time when so many good things are just going off, the time of flowering being from the middle of July till the middle of September. For decorations in a cut state they are admirably adapted. Branching spikes from 2 feet to 3 feet long, arranged in large vases vsdth their own foliage or that of Typha angustifolia for the hall or drawing-room are charming. By changing the water every other day they will remain fresh for ten days, as all the buds develop and open in water without flagging. For dinner-table decoration they are quite the prettiest flowers at this season of the year. Its natural habit at once makes it suitable for this class of work. The small side sprays, which in some varieties are erect, showing the flower full-faced, and in others of slightly drooping habit, are very graceful. The colours, again, are delightful— lemon, yellow, golden, orange, bronze, and shades of red, whilst some have rings or zones at the base of the segments, the colours harmonising rather than contrasting ; no ugly lilacs or crude magenta, but just the colours that are so pleasing. There is some difference in the shape of the flowers. Some are campanulate, others flat or wide open, and in a few the segments are reflexed, giving them the appearance of small Martagon Lilies. I had not intended writing so much on the merits of Montbretias, but they deserve all one can say about them. This popular flower is very easily grown. If planted in beds or borders and left alone it becomes a thick mass, and is then useless as far as the flowers are concerned, as the size of the flowers depends in a measure upon the cultivation received. I have tried various ways of growing Montbretias, and have been most successful in the one I will try to describe. Locality and soil possibly make a difference. It is sometimes recommended that the bulbs be taken up and dried, which I consider very injurious to them. A friend of mine read an article in a paper last autumn where it was advised to take the plants up in October, divide and replant them. He followed this advice with disastrous results, losing every one in ttie winter, wet and frost no doubt rotting the bulbs. My friend weakened his plants by taking them up, as they could not get a root-hold again before winter. They will survive the winter in any fairly light soil if left undisturbed. In January, 1895, we registered frosts below zero ; my Montbretia bulbs were destroyed, but the stolons were alive, and I planted them in March and had a fine border of flowers. Golden Sheaf, Crocosraisefiora, and Pottsii were the only forms I had at that time. I believe some of the Continental varieties are tender, but we have already varieties in commerce of undoubted constitution and hardiness. The soil here is a sandy loam, which I believe is the most suitable for them. Now is a good time to give one's experience of culture, as I consider the end of September, before the frosts come, is the right time to take the plants up. By that time the stolons that grow from the bulbs will have pushed through the surface and formed small leaves ; in fact, they are small plants, although attached to the parent bulb. These, having roots of their own, and already the embryo bulb is formed, I cut ofl^ and prick them out in boxes of sandy loam and leaf -mould, .3 inches apart, placing them in cold frames, where they remain all the winter. With protection from frost they will keep on growing all through the winter, and by the end of March they will be from 6 inches to 1 foot high. In the meantime the beds and borders, or the patches on the herbaceous borders, are prepared by deeply digging in some well-decayed manure, such as an old hot-bed, which I find excellent for them. After carefully hardening the plants I plant them out the last week in March or the first in April. If on a border or bed by themselves I give them 1 foot between the rows and 8 inches from plant to plant. This year after I had planted we had heavy falls of snow, quite 4 inches deep, followed by scathing north-east winds, which turned the foliage quite brown. I had almost despaired of them, but they have been quite as fine as I have ever seen them, many attaining to the height of 4 feet. Treated in this way the young plants give one large branching spike. On the variety George Davison I have nad j many spikes that have produced over 200 flowers this year. The old bulbs that I have taken the stolons from I box and treat I in the same way. They generally give two or three spikes, and flower a week earlier. To those who have not the convenience of cold frames to give them this mode of culture I advise leaving the plants out till the first week in March. The weather then being favourable, take them up and carefully separate the bulbs which have stolons attached instead of removing them as described above . Plant them intact, spread out the stolons, and cover with about .3 inches of soil. The result will be four or five or more good sturdy growths, which will give fine blooms a little later than by the first system of culture. They enjoy full sunshine, and the soil should be kept fairly moist by watering in the evenings of hot days, but do not mulch, as the bulbs like warmth during growth. The varieties of Montbretias are numerous. Many fine hybrids recently raised will soon come to the front, which will mean the weeding out of all the old ones from the gardens where only the best are desired. Amongst the best are Germania, quite the finest red at the present time, although its individual flowers are seldom perfect ; still, for, a group seen from a distance the colour is charming. Well-grown plants are from 3 feet to 4 feet high. Award of merit, Royal Horticultural Society, 1901. Messidor, a lemon colour, with the centre I faintly blotched with rose. It is a strong grower, i)roducing good spikes, with a free branching habit, very pleasing, and quite a good kind. George Davison (award of merit, Royal Horticultural Society, 1902) is the earliest to flower. It is a very strong grower, attaining a height of 4 feet. The blooms are golden yellow, and very large. This variety is very floriferous ; three spikes on one plant pro- duced 638 blooms this season. Hereward (award of merit, Shrewsbury), I I believe, is the largest and best yellow. It is j 2i feet high, and the spikes are erect, with every flower at right angles to the stem, so I that its full beauty can be seen. For cutting 1 it is perfect. ; Westwick (award of merit, Shrewsbury) may be described as a tricolor. The seg- ments are orange, vsdth a maroon ring, and the centre is yellow. It has a free branching habit. The poise of the flowers with their reflexed segments is very graceful, giving it the appearance of a small Lilium Martagon. Prometheus (award of merit. Royal Horti- cultural Society ; first - class certificate, Shrewsbury) is the largest of all Montbretias. The flowers are orange, with a large crimson zone. It is a very strong grower, and will become popular. Ernest Davison, the seed-parent of Pro- metheus, is a very early variety, and will make good groups. Anglia, quite a good one, bears large blooins, and is a strong grower. Its blooms are yellow, flushed with red. King Edmund, a very bright yellow, tall and strong. 170 THE GARDEN. [Skptembek 16, 1905. Of Continental varieties I am told that Anneau d'Or, Tragedie, and Tete Coiu'onnee are escellent. 1 have tried many hybrids that have been sent out from time tri time, and I can call to mind quite three dozen that have had their day and are now cast away to make room for better ones. 1 believe there is a great future for this lovely race of plants, as my experience during the last few years in the cross-hybridisation of these flowers has convinced me that many good things are sure to follow. Wcstwick, Norwich. G. D. Davison. COLOURED PLATE PLATE 1282. ANEMONE KING OF SCARLETS A NEMONE CORONARIA FL.-PL. /\ KING OF SCARLETS was first / % noticed by Mr. B. Gilbert (founder / % of the firm of Gilbert and Son, X V AnemoneNurseries, Dyke, Bourne, Lincolnshire) in 187-5, growing in a bed planted with Anemone Queen of Roses. It was distributed by Messrs. Gilbert and Son in 1881, and to-day it may safely be said to stand unrivalled in shape, colour, and vigoroiis growth. As a cut flower it is invaluable, and will last ten days or more in vases. This Anemone is quite hardy, and may be planted from August until the end of October, or from February to the end of March. It grows well in ordinary well-drained garden soil. Gilbert's Anemone King of Scarlets is quite distinct from and far superior to the Dutch variety of the same name. The demand for Anemones is rapidly increasing, and these old-fashioned garden flowers are once again sought after for producing brilliant displays in springtime. PRIZES FOR GARDENERS. THE AUGUST COMPETITION— AWARDS. The essays on "Beautiful Ways of Planting Hardy Spring-flowering Bulbs ' were excellent, and it has been a matter of some difficulty to award the prizes. After careful consideration of the larc;e number sent in by competitors from many different parts of the country, we have awarded the first prize of four guineas to Mr. E. H. Jenkins, Hampton Hill ; the second prize of two guineas to Mr. G. B. Mallett, 12, Orchard Road, Colchester ; the third prize of one guinea to Mrs. M. E Bickersteth, West Lodge, Ripon ; and the fourth priz« of half a guinea to the Rev. H. Kingsmill Moore, D D , Cedar Mount, Dundrum, Dublin. The winning essay will be published next week. RECENT PLANT PORTRAITS. The Botanicai Magazine for September gives portraits of Peta-iites japonicus. — Native of Eastern Asia. A very large and coarse-growing plant with tall flower-stems, which are crowned with large bunches of small, pure white, Ageratura - like flowers. Cirrhopetalum breviscarpnm. — Native of Milava. A curious small-flowered Orchid of but little beauty. Prunus pendida. — Native of Japan. A small pink - flowered Plum with pendulous flower bunches. Scilla messemaca. — Native of Greece. A rather pretty Squill with upright bunches of greyish lilac flowers. Cotyledon insignia. — Native of Nyasaland. This is said to be one of the handsomest members of its family, and produces spikes of large tubular flowers of a light orange colour. The second number of the Bevue Horticole for August contains a portait of PrimiLi hlireiana, with the dark brown foliage of P. Pissardi, and medium-sizsd double rose- coloured flowers. The September number of Keime de VHorlicvl- ture Beige figures Hetianthvs silicifoUui, the Willow-leaved Sun- flower from North America, an old plant now seldom seen. The August number of Flora and Sylva figures a beautiful group of varieties of the Barberton Daity (Gerbera) obtained by Mr. Irwin -Lynch, Curator of the Cambridge University Botanic Garden, by crossing the well-known G. .lamesoni with a pure yellow self- coloured variety named Sir Michael, raised from seed sent him by Mr. Adlam of Pietermarilzburg. These beautiful hybrids, with fine flowers varjiug in shade of colour from pure white to deep scarlet, excited universal admiration when exhibited by their raiser in a fine group at the Temple show of last year, when they very nearly obtained the Veitchian Cup as the most interesting exhibit in the show. W. E. Gomeleton. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. S-ptember 19. — L ■udoa Dahlia Uuion Show at Eirl's Court (two days). September 26. — National Rose Society's Autumn Rose Show, Horticultural Hall, West- minster (two davs). Ojtober 4 — National Chrysanthemum Society's Show (two days). October 10 — Royal Horticultural Society's Show of British-grown Fruit. October 24 —Royal Horticultural Society's Meeting (Vegetable Show). October 31. — Southampton Horticultural Show (two days). Mr. A. E. Brown, of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, has been appointed an assistant in the Calcutta Bjtanic Gardens, India. The Edinburgh Show.— At the moment of going to press we have received a wire from our E Jinburgh correspondent stating that the great International Show opened there on Wednes- day last, the 13ih inst., is a record one in every respect. We shall give a full report in our next issue. Henry Eckford Testimonial.— The serious illness of Mr. Henry Ecktord made it imperative that the presentation arrangements should be altered. It was decided that the illuminated address and the tea and coffee service should be taken to Wem. This was done and the presentation made quietly on Saturday morn- ing last. Mr. Eckford was deeply affected, and could scarcely thank the friends who had sub- scribed to the gift. He made his gratitude clear, and also his sorrow that he could not meet his friends in Edinburgh according to arrangement. The total sum of the contributions is £58 l/s. 9J. SolanumW^endlandii.— We hear some times of this flowering out of doors, but that it well repays additional heat is shown by the magnificent display it makes in the warmest end of the fine succulent bouse at Kew, as well as in other places in the gardens. This member of the Potato family is a native of Costa Rica, and was first flowered in the Royal Gardens, Herrenhausen, Hanover, being named in honour of the then director, the late Dr. Wendland. The Kew plants were, I believe, obtained from that source^ and for many years their annual display of blossoms has gained them hosts of admirers. This species is now fairly well known, and is kept in many good nurseries ; indeed, Messrs. Veitch have exhibited it in the shape of com- paratively dwarf plants, carrying fine heads of blossoms, whereas its usual habit is that of a vigorous climber, which in summer bears a profusion of beautiful light blue flowers, over 2 inches across and disposed in large heads quite 1 foot in diameter. The leaves vary considerably in shape, some being quite simple, while others are more or less pinnate. It loses its leaves (luring the winter, at which time the soil should be kept fairly dry. The propagation is by no means a difficult matter, as cuttings strike root very readdy if put into sandy soil in a close pro. pagating case. — H. P. Lselio- Cattleya elegans vap. NOPO. — Among the plants of Laeii'i-Cattleya elegans recently in flower at The Woodlands, Streathara, there was one variety of which par- ticular mention may be made. It is one of the richest in colour that has ever been seen, and flowering for the first time. The form of the flower is excellent, and in point of size it is one of the finest. It is fully 7 inches across the petals, and these with the sepals are a bright and almost pure purple, the front lobe of the lip with its remarkable ridge-like veins being a very deep purple-crimson, which colour also runs down the centre of the lip to the base of the column. The folding side lobes are white and rose. We hive on many previous occasions noted in our columns the many rich and beautiful varieties of this natural hybrid in Mr. Measures's splendid collection. — Akgutus. Lobelia capdinalis.— The Rev. David R Williamson writes: "The great American L ibelia (L. cardmalis) is at present creating magnificent ^ff.'Cts in assi elation with the most brilliant Begonias at Logan House in Wigton- shire, the beautifi'.l residence of Mr. K^funelh McDjuall. It may not be known to all ardent cultivators of Lobelia cardinalls that it receives a splendid eulogium from the late Sir Aicbibild Alison in his famous 'History of Eanpe,' in an incidental passage of great beauty on the scenery of North America." The best Rose. — Your correspondent W. Chapman, in the issue of The Gakden for the 12ih ult. , gives a descriptiou of a Rose with very many good qualities, and enquires if other people know of equally good sorts. I only know of two which answer that description, one is G Nabonnand and the other is Prince de Bulgarie. Perhaps W. Chapman will give us the name of the Rose he described. G. Nabonnand does not answer quite all the requirements, as it does hang its head, neither could either of them be described as "brilliant" in colouring. — R. A. Tennant, Sutton, Loughborough. BPentford MaPket.— Mr. Leopold de Rithscbild will lay the memorial stone, on the 18oh inst., of the extension of the Brentford Fruit and Vegetable Mirket. The existing market was opened by the Lord Mayor in 1894. The extensions have cost £50,000, and cover an area of twelve acres. Bulb sopteps' flngep-nails.— "E. M. Haggard" writes from Bournemouth : "A friend of mine, whose symptoms two doctors have failed to account for, has been suffering in exactly the same way as your correspondent ever since her last planting of bulbs, and she now feels tolerably certain that she has found out the cause of the mischief. If the complaint is not an unusual one surely some one must have discovered a remedy. I should be grateful for any suggestions." South - Eastepn Agpieultupal Colleg'e. — The next session at the South- Easiern Agricultural College, Wye, Kent, will commence on Mcmday, October 2, when there will be ninety-four students in residence. The inaugural address of the session will he given by Prolessor Marshall Ward, F.R.S., Professor of Botany, Cambridge University. Supplement to THE GARDEN, September i6th, 1905 ANEMONE KING OF SCARLETS. September 16, 1905.] THE GARDEN. 171 Pompon Chpysanthemum J. B. DuvOiP.— In the deep soil of Bolehall House Gardens, Tamworth, Mr. W. Sydenham grows this plant to perfection. It is one of the least known of the early-flowering Pompon sorts, and deserves a place in all gardens. In the cooler climate of the Midlands the colour is a bluab pink, the flowers being of good size, and each one standing out well from its neighbour. The plants are about 1^ feet high, with a good habit. In the South of England the colour is much less pro- nounced, being a pale blush until the later days of September, when it is deeper. — D. B. Crane. Cotoneastep micpophylla grow- ing wild in BPitain.— It may be worth while recording that Cotoneaster microphylla is well established in different parts of Glamorgan- shire as a wild plant. It occurs in nearly all cases in exposed limestone strata in places where it is impossible to think that it has been planted by human bands. As it is common on the cottage walls, and as thrushes are particularly fond of the berries, it is most probable that the seed has been deposited by them. The plant grows in a limestone quarry at Cornelly, and in a similar situation at Caerphilly. — ^W. F. Evans, in Journal of Botany. Ppimula KewensiS.— This is a beauti- ful spring-flowering plant for the greenhouse or dwelling-room, and those who have grown it this summer for the first time should not make the mistake of over-potting the plants, especially at this season. One of the chief attractions this plant has is the great number of flower-spikes produced on plants occupying small pots. To a great extent overgrown plants lose their neat, compact habit. The leaves as well as the flower- stalks become long, especially if subjected to the least warmth as they push forth, and they do not stand erect. Small pots crowded with roots are the best, as with feeding and cool treatment from now to flowering time the most pleasing specimens are produced. — R. P. Clepodendpon tpichotomum. — In the South of England, at any rate, this is a valuable autumn-flowering shrub or small tree, especially after such a summer as we have had this year. I am well aware that our northern friends do not regard it in the same light as those in southern Iccalities, for their complaint is that it seldom flowers. This certainly cannot be put forward to its detriment in the neighbourhood of London, for, given a moderately dry soil and a sunny position, it is in every way satisfactory. From a foliage point of view alone it is decidedly handsome, the broadly ovate leaves being 6 inches to 8 inches long and deep green in colour. The flowers, which are freely borne in upright panicles, are white, but, as in many of the Clerodendrons, they protrude from an inflated calyx, which in this species is of a reddish-purple tint. The leaves have a decidedly unpleasant odour when bruised. This Clerodendron is said to have been introduced over a century ago, but thirty years since it was little known, and it was only in 1893 that it was given a first-class certifi- cate by the Royal Horticultural Society. Like many of its near relatives, it is readily increased by root cuttings. — T. A good shpubby Hibiscus (H. Cseleste) — The only decidedly shrubby mem- ber of the Mallow family that can be considered quite hardy even in the southern half of England is Hibiscus syriacus, formerly known as Althaea frutex. The specific name of syriacus would suggest that it is a native of the Orient, but on this point I believe there are certain differences of opinion, for China has been by some regarded as its native country. Like its relative the tropical H. rosa sinensis, the varieties of H. syriacus are innumerable, both single and double flowers of various shades of colour being repre- sented among them. The double flowers, though admired by some, are, to my mind at least, lumpy in themselves, and a specimen laden With them simply shows a confused mass of petals, but the single flowers are very different. A great favourite of mine is Cfeleste, whose large well- expanded blossoms are in colour bright blue, with a reddish tinge at the base of the petals. A bush of this studded with these shiny blossoms is very beautiful in the latter part of August or even later, at which time few outdoor shrubs are in bloom. Another single form whose white flowers are lit up by a crimson blotch at the base of each petal is, I believe, regarded as the typical H. syriacus. At all events, it is to my mind one of the very best, and furnishes a delightful com- panion to the preceding. — T. Nlcotiana Sandepae.— It is a long time since a newly-introduced plant was so much freely talked of and written of and so widely grown as this new Tobacco, and, as was naturally to be expected, some are pleased with it and some are not. I am glad to be able to say that I agree with those who think it is an excellent hardy plant, and a valuable help to the embel- lishment of the flower garden. I have grown Nicotiana Sanderse in a small town garden, both in a tub and in the border, and have every reason -w 1^ 4\ ^t4 ^/ <\ ^; m/^'^^ /^^^H i^ NICOTIAKA SANDEK^ IN TDE. to be fully satisfied with it. The photograph which I send shows it as a tub plant. For several weeks it was very beautiful, and bore a large number of rich rose-red flowers. They were not an unpleasing eolour as some of your correspondents seem to have found them to be, but a distinct and pleasing rose-red. The plant in the tub was put out early in May, and by the end of July was fully in flower. It was very beautiful for quite a month, and even now there are some flowers open. As the illustration shows, the plant was symmetrical. On account of its graceful branch- ing habit of growth, each shoot, from top to bottom of the plant, freely bearing flowers, it seems to me to be especially serviceable for culture in a tub or large pot. Another year I hope to be able to grow several more in tubs. When space is limited, tub gardening is an excellent thing to practice, and to my mind Nicotiana Sanderae is a most suitable and showy plant for this purpose. The tub in which it was grown was placed at the foot of a fence, and facing south - west. My experience of this Nicotiana (and I have seen many plants this year) is that the flowers vary a good deal in colour. Some are a distinct and rich shade of red, while others are less pleasing. Even the two plants I have produced flowers of a different shade of colour, the one being richer and more attractive than the other. I do not think that the fact of the flowers being smaller than those of N. aflSnis, as has been urged against them by some of your correspondents, is a matter of much moment, providing that the colour is good and they are numerously produced. I do not believe it to be a good plant for the mixed border. It needs a large bed to itself, so that it may have plenty of air and space, otherwise the shoots are liable to become weak and drawn. — T. Tamapix Pallasii posea.— This is one of the most delightful of late summer flowering shrubs, at which season the choice of such subjects is very limited. Though if untouched it might attain tree-like dimensions, as the com- mon Tamarisk does, yet if cut back annually in early spring it may be readily kept in bush form. The small leaves and their distinct greyish shade remind one greatly of a member of the Cypress family, so that even when out of bloom it is decidedly pretty. They are of a charming shade of bright pink, and are borne in axillary spikes about 3 inches in length for some distance along the current season's shoots, each of which thus forms quite a long pink spray. While this Tamarisk is grown under the above name at Kew, it is better known by that of Tamarix hispida aestivalis. The typical Tamarix Pallasii is native of a considerable tract of country from Eastern Europe to Afghanistan. — T. Tufted Pansy Peace.— This is one of the most refined of the more recently introduced Tufted Pansies, and is, at the moment, compara- tively little known. The plant is very free, tutted in habit, strong, and from the earliest spring days repays one with a wealth of blossoms. It is a fragrant flower of ideal form, being of circular shape, beautifully flat, and evenly built and rayless. The colour is neither white nor blush, but blush white. It is a distinct break from the older forms of the Tufted Pansies, and, being rayless, possesses a charm which those of the older types, with their rays, do not possess. The plant likes a deeply-dug and well-manured soil, the growth in consequence being free, so that each little piece, placed in its flowering quarters in the spring, will, before the summer season is over, develop into a plant a foot or more in diameter. It is astonishing what the plant will accomplish in the course of a season's growth, and at the same time there is not the slightest trace of coarseness in its growth or in the flowers. — D. B. C. A BEAUTIFUL GARDEN IN LONDON. HO W often one has heard the remark passed that gardening is a failure in London. The general opinion seems to be that the atmosphere and fogs are fatal, and that the successful raising of fruit, flowers, and vegetables is almost an impossibility. This is very far from being the case, for gardening in all its branches is carried on at South Villa, Regent's Park, with great success, and South Villa is situated within a radius of two miles from Charing Cross, practically in the centre of London, and almost, as one might say, in the midst of the fogs and smoke. There are about eleven acres of land surrounding South Villa, very finely wooded with stately Elms, Plane, and Chestnut trees, and there are also to be seen some splendid specimens of the Weeping Ash, which completely hide the iron trellis supporting their branches. White and red Thorns are dotted here and there about the 172 THE GARDEN. [September 16, 1905. grounds, and give a pleasing effect when they are in bloom. In the springtime wood-pigeons and blackbirds build their nests among the trees and rear their young as peacefully as if they were a hundred miles in the country, and it is a very pleasing sight to see them in the evenings feeding about the grounds. The house is situated in the centre, and is approached by a fine avenue of trees. The lawns are well kept, and slope to the beautiful lake in Regent's Park, which borders one side of the grounds. There are fine borders of perennials, as well as beds for summer and winter bedding. The mansion itself is a sub- stantial structure, the walls being covered with Ampelopsis Veitchii and Ivy, which give a beautiJful effect. The present owner is Miss Adamson, a lady whose name is well known at London horticultural exhibitions. Mr. G. Keif, who has been head gardener at South Villa for some seventeen years, fully understands the requirements of a London garden. On looking round, on a bright summer day, one would hardly see that it could be more difficult to manage successfully than gardens in the country ; but, on going round the kitchen garden and through the glass houses after a November fog, the diffi- culties to be contended with are at once apparent. The fog settles on the glass, and it would seem as though blinds were drawn over the roofs, the light being almost com- pletely shut out ; and it is then that the gardeners have their work cut out in order to get over these severe difficulties with success, but it can be done. Mr. Keif has under his management four- teen fruit and plant houses. The conserva- tory is a fine electrically lighted building, 70 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 25 feet in height. It is now gay with Lilium, Plumbago, Campanula, Hydrangea, Fuchsia, Celosia, and a lovely strain of Canna, with greenery of Palms, Asparagus, and Ferns. One of the chief features of the conservatory is the bed of Palms in the centre ; some are quite 20 feet in height. There is also a very fine Tree Fern about 12 feet high. Leading from the conservatory by a short passage is the stove house. Here, again, is a fine collection of smaller Palms, used for house and table decoration, also a very useful collection of other plants, such as Pandanus, Dracsena, Dieffenbachia, Panicum, &c. In this house Bananas are also grown. The Camellia house is large and very ornamental. It is built of mahogany, and was originally used as a tea house. Roses trained on wires give a, very pleasing effect, and bloom very freely in the early spring. There are three Peach houses, containing some very fine trees, bearing a large crop of first class fruit. The Dr. Hogg is a grand Peach for growing in London, a dish of which Mr. Keif exhibited at the Royal Horti- cultural Society's meeting on July 4th last, and for which a silver Banksian medal was awarded. Royal George, Princess of Wales, and Dymond do well under the conditions in smoky London. Fig trees in pots are looking well and carry some very nice fruit. There are three vineries, one containing Black Hamburgh, Foster's Seedling, and Buckland Sweetwater varieties, one is devoted to Muscat of Alexandria, and the other to Black Alicante, Foster's Seedling, and Gros Maroc. These are not forced very early, and large bunches are not the rule, but fine well-finished berries are secured. On the back walls of these vineries the Camellia is grown, and blossoms in the early spring being very useful for vases, ifec. Tomatoes, Cucumbers, and Melons are grown in other houses, and very successfuUj', too. A fine lot of Tomatoes, including Best of All, Perfection, Golden Jubilee, and Sunbeam, have been gathered this season. Several varieties of Melon have been grown, including British Queen, Hero of Lockinge, Ringleader, and a splendid seedling raised two years ago by Mr. Keif named Regent's Park. Fruits of this latter variety weighing as much as 6lb.,and perfectly fini.shed, have been cut, and some thirty plants, looking particularly promising, occupy the whole of one house. A large span-roof house is well filled with Crotons, Caladiums, and Orchids. The Cala- diums are of a beautiful colour, and the Crotons are almost perfection. In winter this house is filled with some 400 Poinsettias of the early and late varieties. Pot Plums occupy another house, and some first rate fruit is ripening at the time of writing, such varieties as Kirke's, Coe's Golden Drop, The Czar, Late Orange. Cox's Emperor, Early Transparent, and others being grown. There are also some young Apple and Pear trees in pots, which should fruit well next season ; from experience, Mr. Keif finds that Apples and Pears are not a success, especially when espalier trained, but a fair crop of fruit can be gathered when grown as bushes. Bulbs are forced extensively for winter and spring use, such as Tulips, Daffodils, Nar- cissi, Hyacinths, Liliums,