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SPINS
a. fae Bie

ee OTHE
GARDEN MAGAZINE

Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home

and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers

Volume XII

August, 1910, to January, 1911

GARDEN CITY NEW YORK
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

IQII

\

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Acid Soil” Bugaboo! The, 23.
Actinidia, 25.*
Adams, H. S., articles by, 32, 60, 138,
220.
photograph by, 140.
A. D. R., article by, 218.
Advantage of a Coldframe, The, 74.*
Alum root, 217.*
Ampelopsis, 62.*
Anemone, II5.*
Angell, H. E., photographs by, 60, 166.
Another Way to Start Rose Cuttings,
146.*
Trial with the Butterfly Weed, 279.
Answers to Queries, 152, 294.
Aphis, aster, 42.
on apple trees, 296.
Apple orchard, October in, 129.*
tree, how to prune, 238.*
trees, aphis on, 296.
renovating, 108,* 109,* 110,* 111.*
Apples, 169,* 170,* 171.*
making money from, 270.*
April flowers, 112.*
Aquilegia, 216.*
Aroids, 265,* 266.* -
Art of Pruning an Old Apple Tree,
The, 238.*
Asclepias, 92, 288, 279.
Ash, 223.*
Asparagus, 224.*
Aspidistra, 227.*
Aster, 70.*
Aphis Vanquished, The, 42.
Attractive Flowers, Fruit and Foliage, 194.
August duties, 42.

B., article by, 82.

Backyard, redeeming, 21.*

Baldwin, S. Prentiss, article by, 15.

Banana, 13.*

Barron, Leonard, article by, 178.

Beautiful Spirea, A, 88.*

Bee-balm, 138.

Beetles, Moth Balls for, 74.

Begonia, 220.*

Berckmans, P. J., article by, 119.

Beverage, a delicious, 230.

B. H. C., article by, 279.

Blanching Celery, 28.*

Bonemeal vs. Nitrate of Soda, 220.*

Bonsteel, J. A., article by, 23.

Book Reviews, 36, 248, 292.

Box, covered, how to make, 278.

Boxelder, 222.*

Boynton, Leila B., article by, 218.

Bringing the Window Box Indoors, 175.*

Brotherton, W. A., article by, 144.

Brown, A. C., article by, 86.

Bulb Cellar, a successful, 130.
Culture in a Nutshell, 126.*
Department, 136.
planting in the South, 132.

Bulbs for California Gardens, 128.
how to pot, 127.*
number for a round bed, 136.

Business Side of Farming, The, 268.

Buttercups, largest of all, 32.*

Butterfly weed, 92, 279.

Cake mould, 278.*

Calendula’s Two Sorts of Blossoms,
The, 142.*

California, bulbs for, 128.
Department, 142.
from an Eastern Viewpoint, 24.
gardening hints, 188, 234, 288.

*

Volume XII. — August,

Ig10, to January, 1911

Copyrighted, 1910, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
The asterisk (*) signifies that the subject is illustrated

Calla, 224.*
Canning tomatoes, 72.
Cardinal flower, transplanting, 94.*
Carica, 13.7
Caring for the New Strawberry Bed, 75.
Carnations, 225.* ,
Catalpa, 18.*
Cedrus, 10.*
Celery, blanching, 28.*
field of, 253.*
making money from, 262.*
mulch, 128,* 182.*
storing, 182.*
Cement walk, how to make, 231.
Chance Effects of Spraying, 76.
Cherry tree, 280.*
Children’s Gidens Everywhere, 26,
73, 126, 180, 226, 275.
Luncheon, 126.
Chinese Primroses for Easter, 296.
Chionodoxa, 113.*
Choosing a Site for the Garden, 64.*
Christmas roses, 220.*
Chrysanthemum, 157.*
exhibition, 166,* 167.*
Churn; 278.*
Cider as It is Made, 192.
Clarke, Daniel A., articles by, 34, 150,
194, 198.
Clay soil, how to improve, 152.
Clematis Hybrids, Three, 30.*
pruning, 294.
Cocoanut, 177.*
Cocopalm, 176,* 177.*
Coldframe, 146.*
Advantage of, 74.*
how to build a concrete, 74.*
Coleman, A. R., photograph by, 157.
Color combinations in the garden, 72, 218.
Effects That Have Really Succeeded,
68.*
Harmonies in Adjoining Beds, 68.*
Columbine, 216.*
Concrete coldframe, 74.*
Conifer, 10.*
Conover, M. R., articles and photographs
by, 75, 238, 240.
Cooking without fire, 229.*
Coronilla, 138.
Cost of transplanting, 92.
Cottonwood, 222.*
Country Flowers for City Folks, 20.*
Cover crops in orchards, 75.
Craig, John, article by, 168.
Crinums, 130.
Crocheron, B. H., article by, 268.
Crocus, 112.*
Crown vetch, 138.*
Cultivation in orchard, 111.
Currants, pruning, 294.
Cutting, A. B., article by, 198.
Cuttings, growing geraniums from, 182.*
growing roses from, 78, 146.* root, 183.

Daffodils, 114,* 216.*
early planting, 67.*

Dahlias, 70,* 71.*

Decorations for the table, 230.

Deland, M. W., article and photogiaph
by, 220.

Delphinium, 267,* 269.*
disease, spraying for, 76.

Dibble, 26.*

Digger beés, 90. j

Digging the Garden in Fall, 144.

Dimock, Julian A., photographs by,
177, 253, 262, 263, 264.

Dining-Room, Papering the, 230.*
Dish washer, 277.*
Distance to transplant, 294.
Dixon, Florence, article by, 130.
Domesticating Bulbous Irises, 279.*
Don’t for Gardeners, A, 182.
Neglect the Garden Now, 82.
Doogue, Luke J., articles by, 175, 244.
photographs by, 26, 175, 244.
Duffy, Sherman R., articles by, 65,
279.
photographs by, 18, 19, 65, 66,
228, 279.

Dugmore, A. R., photographs by, 167,
226.

Duncan, John, article by, 119.

Duties for October, 107.

Dusty Miller as a Hardy Bedding Plant,
130.*

Easter, Chinese primroses for, 296.

E. E. S., article by, 278.

Egan, W. C., articles by, 121, 267.

Egg beater, 277.*
poacher, 277.* ery

Eldredge, “A. G., photographs by, 97,
W/3y ZW, Bib, DBA, 227

Ellerman, Ernest, article by, 74.

Elm, 223.*

American, 18.*

England, Practical Ideas from, 76.*
Practical and Impractical Ideas from,
171.*

Eremuri, 76.*

Establishing a Small Orchard, 288.

Evaporating Fruit on a Small Scale,
129.

Ever Eat This Fruit? 25.*

Experience in Transplanting a Tree,
An, 148.

Experiences with Fall Planting in the
Middle West, 92.

Fall digging, 144.
Planted Vegetables, 74.
planting, 118, 282.
of sweet peas, 178.*
trees, 92.
Farming, the Business Side of, 268.
Fay, Louise, photograph by, 275.
F. E. B., article by, 296.
Felt, E. P., article by, go.
Fence-post driver, 231.*
Fern, 226.*
Field of celery, 253.*
Fireless cooker, 229.*
Florida, celery farming in, 262.*
Flower for winter bloom, 38.*
stand, 227.*
Flowers all summer, 58.*
for a Ten-Acre Lot, 138.*
April, 112.*
Nine Months, 148.
how to ship, 200.
naturalizing, 114,* 115.*
For Autumn Color, 192.
the Pacific Coast, 188, 234, 288.
Foulk, Theodore, article by, 282.
Fragrant Flower for Winter Bloom, A,
38.* ;
Fritillaria, 88.*
Frozen plants, renovating, 219.
Fruit during winter, 184.
evaporating, 120. °
harvesting, 75.
Pickers, 27.*
trees, how to prune, 232.

Fruits of the tropics, 13,* 14.*
Fun of Collecting Aroids, The, 265.*

G., article by, 219.

Galanthus, 112.*

Garden, A Happy-Go-Lucky, 220.*
digging in fall, 144.

Duties for August, 42.
Gossip, 40, 80, 194, 279.
in winter, 205.*

pink and lavender, 218.
planning, 44, 174.
Publications, 36, 248, 292.
site for, 64.*

stake, 226.*

water, I0.*

Gardener’s Reminder, The, 7, 57, 107,
165, 213, 261.

Gardening achievements, 216.*
in California, 24.*

November, 188.
New Ideas in, 213.

Gates, J. H., photograph by, 219.

Geraniums, 181.*
taking cuttings from, 182.*

Gerard, John, article by, 22.

J. N., article by, 130.
Getting the Better of Early Frost, 128.*
Most in an Orchard, 116.

Gibson, Mary L., article by, 231.

Gifford, John T., articles by, 13, 62,
Wy A730

photographs by, 13, 14, 63, 273, 274.

Gilbert, W. R., article by, 144.

Girdled trees, 28, 284,* 286.*

Globe flower, 32.*

Glory-of-the-snow, 113.*

Goldring, William, photographs by, 12.

Good, F. Mason, photographs by, 88,
172.

Shrubbery Plant, A, 34.*

Goodrich, Benjamin, article by, 112.

Gooseberries, pruning, 294.

Gopher, killing, 74.

Gourd, bottle, 26.*

Grape, Worden, 27.*

Grapefruit, 25.*

Grapevines, planting, 72.

Grater, 278.*

Graves, Nathan R., photographs by,
22, 32, 34, 57, 67, 112, 121, 123,
124, 150, 166, 169, 178, 218, 267.

W. B., article by, 148.

Greenhouse, how to make one pay,

224.*
interior, 225.*

Greenway, S. E., article and photo:
graph by, 219.

Grinstead, H. F., articles by, 74, 129,
242.

Growing Potatoes All the Year, 82.
Sweet Peas in the South, 132.*
Vines for Porch and Arbor, 242.

Guinea-hen flower, 112,* 228.*

Happy-go-Lucky Garden, A, 220.*

Harding, Helen W., article by, 42.

Harvesting the Crops, 75.

Hatfield, J. D., article by, 121.

Helianthus, 140.

Hemlock, 214,* 215.*

Heracleum, 144.

Heuchera, 217.*

Hicks, Henry, article by, 25.

High Pressure Orcharding in New Eng-
land, 270.*

Hill, D., article by, 119.

Hippophe, 150.*
Holford, Col., garden of, 10.*
Hollyhock, 218,* 219.*
Home-Made Contrivances, 96.
Housekeeper, The, 229, 277.
How Big Chrysanthemums are Grown,
166.*
I Installed Tile Drains, 202.*
Many Tulips are Required in a Round
Bed, 136.
My Bulb-Cellar Succeeded, 130.
to blanch celery, 28.
improve a clay soil, 152.
Keep Squash, 74.
make a cement walk, 231.
Covered Box, 278.
fence-post driver, 231.*
greenhouse pay, 224.*
manure pit, 28.
cider, 192.
Plant Orchard Trees, 2£0.*
pot a bulb, 127.*
prune an apple tree, 238.*
fruit trees, 232.
Ship Flowers in Quantity, 200.
start rose cuttings, 146.*
H. S. A., article by, 182.
Hunter, P. S., article by, 218.
Hurst, Grace, photograph by, 276.
Hyacinth, 126.*
Hydrangea, 198.*
Hydrangeas and lilies, 97.*

Improving a clay soil, 152.

Increasing Plants by Root Cuttings,
183.

Insects in lawns, 90.

Iris, bulbous, 279.*

Is the Southern Hemlock Better Than
the Northern? 214.*

Jack-in-the-pulpit, 266.*
January Reminders, 290.
Jarvis, C. D., article by, 108.
photographs by, 108, 109, 110, III.
Jenkins, W. H., articles by, 27, 75, 129,
HSna24e 282, 280.
photographs by, 27, 129, 224, 225,
232, 280.
Jenney, Charles E., article and photo-
graphs by, 24, 25.
Jerusalem artichoke, 140.
J. J., article by, 294.
J. L. K., articles by, 27, 86.
photograph by, 27.
Johnson, E. S., article by, 76.
Jonquils, 126.*
Joys and Sorrows of a Trial Garden,
216.*
J. T. S., article by, 296.

Keeler, Lucy E., article by, 220.
Keeping Celery, Over Winter, 182.*
Rabbits from Girdling Trees, 28.

squash, 74.
Keith, Charles E., article by, 122.
Killing the Pocket-Gopher, 74.
quack grass, 152.
King, Mrs. Francis, articles by, 58, 216.
photographs by, 58, 59, 216, 217.
of All the Buttercups, The, *32.*
Kitchen Livable, The, 278.
Utensils, Labor-Saving, 277.*
Kline, Wm. W., article by, 122.
Knocking out, 181.*
Knotweed, giant, 138.*

L. B., article by, 92.
Labels, 228.
Labor-Saving Kitchen Utensils, 277.*
Landscape gardening, 10.*
Larkspurs That Really Flourish, 267.*
Latest Discovery — Plant Sweet Peas
Now, The, 178.*
Lawn Enemy, A, 279.
renovating, 234.
seeding, go.
Ligustrum, 34.*
Lemon, Ponderosa, 25.*
verbena, 179.
Lilacs, 121.*

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Lilies and hydrangeas, 97.*

Lilium, 7*, 49.*

Lily, gold-banded, 49.*

Lime tree, 63.*

Little Gardens on Crannied Walls, 60.*
Lobelia, transplanting, 94.*

Loomis, A. F., photographs by, 226, 227.
Lotus, Indian, 1*, 36.

McAdam, Thomas, articles by, 84,
265.
McCollom, W. C., articles by, 28, 74,
119, 128, 182, 232.
photographs by, 28, 74, 128, 182.
McKibbin, Anne D., article by, 68.
Magnolia, 121.*
Making a Cement Walk, 231.
Greenhouse Pay, 224.*
Money from Apples, 270.*
celery, 262.*
dahlias, 70.*
rhubarb, 186.*
More Geraniums, 183.*
New Varieties, 30, 144.
Manure pit, how to make, 28,
storing, 296.
Maple, 222.*
Markets and Marketing, 200.
Martin, H. M., article and drawings
by, 116.
Mason, E. O., article and photograph
by, 38.
Wallace, photograph by, 181.
Measuring spoon, 278.*
Meller, C. L., articles by, 28, 96, 120,
130, 136, 183, 222, 231, 236.
photographs by, 96, 130, 183, 222,
DE, Pe
Midsummer Reminders, 27.*
Miller, W., articles by, 10, 114, 171,
214, 262.
Mitchell, M. J. drawings by, 229, 230.
Sydney B., articles by, 128, 183, 188,
234, 288.
Monarda, 138.
Money from Rhubarb, 186.*
Month’s Reminder, The, 7, 57, 107,
165, 213, 261.
Moore, F. H., article by, 148.
More About Crinums, 130.
Fall Planting, 282.
Japanese Yew, 279.
Morton, Verne, photograph by, 121.
Moth Balls for Beetles, 74.
Moving Big Trees, 129.
Mulching celery, 128,* 182.*
strawberries, 182.*
Musa, 13.*
M. W., article and photograph by, 219.
My Scheme for Watering Shrubbery, 96.*
Naturalizing flowers, 114,* 115.*
Nelumbo, 1,* 36.
New Idea in Potting, A, 279.
Ideas in Gardening, 213.
Lawn Pest, A, go.
England, orcharding in, 270.*
N. Y. Experiment Station, photographs
by, 170.
Northend, Mary, H., article and photo-
graphs by, 277.
Northern vs. Southern hemlock, 214.*
Northwest, Trees for the, 222,* 236.
Nott, John, article by, 123.
Novelties and Rarities, 198.
Nussbaumer, Fred, article by, 92.

October duties, 107.
in the vegetable garden, 128.*
Oettinger, E. W., article and photograph
by, 132.
Orchard, 271,* 272.*
and Fruit Garden, 27, 75, 129, 184,*
280.
cover crops for, 75.
cultivation, III.
how to plant, 116, 288.
sprays, 294.
trees, planting, 280.*

Pansies, sowing in Ausust. 22.*

Papaw, 13.*

Papering the Dining Room, 230.*
Parsnip, giant, 144.

Paul, Katherine, article by, 20.

Pellett, Frank C., articles and photo-

graphs by, 184, 284, 286.

Peltranda, 266.*
Peonies, 57.*
When to Plant, 122.
Pepper, 190.*
Perkins, Elizabeth T., article by, 279.
Personal Experiences, 76, 130, 183,

231, 279.

Personalities of Fruit, II., 168.*
Peterson, George H., article by, 122.
Phlox running out, 72.

Pie plate, 278.*

Pineapples, 273,* 274.*

Pink, Blue and Yellow for a Shaded

Garden, 68.

Planning the garden, 44, 174.
Plant Bulbs Now, 132.

for shrubberies, 34.*

protectors, 72.”

Some Trees Now, 190.*

Planting a tree, 19.*

an orchard, 116.

bulbs in the South, 132.

grapevines, 72.

in the fall, 118, 282.

peonies, 122.

table for the South, 15.

Plants, how to transplant, 152
Pliers, wire-cutting, 86.
Pocket-gopher, killing, 74.
Poison ivy, 152, 231.
Polyanthus, 65,* 66.*
Polygonum, 138.
Pomegranate, 290.*
Poplar, Carolina, 18.*
Postscript on Yews, A, 186.
Potatoes, how to grow all year, 82.
peeling, 72.
re-served, 230.
Potting a Bulb, 127.*
and Repotting Plants, 180.*
new idea for, 279.
Powell, I. L., article by, 166.
Julie Adams, articles by, 74, 186.
photograph, by 186.
Practical Fence-Post Driver, A, 231.*

Hints for Beginners, 138.

Ideas from England, 76,* 114,* 171.*
Prepare for First Frosts, 165.
Preparing for winter, 184.

Primrose, 58,* 65,* 66.*
Chinese, 296.
Privet, 34.*
Prize offer, 261.
Problem of Growing Pineapples for

Market, 273.*

Profitable Hobby in Dahlias, A, 70.*

Prost, J. H., article by, 18.

Protecting Shrubs from Winter Cold,
23ilee

trees from rabbits, 28, 184.*
Protectors for plants, 72.*

Pruning and Feeding Orchard Trees, 232.*

apple trees, 109, 238.*

Clematis, 294.

currants and gooseberries, 294.

Planting and Getting Ready for

Winter, 184.
Purdy, Carl, article by, 200.

Quack grass, killing, 152.

Rabbits girdling trees, 28, 184.

Raffia mat, 227.*

Readers’ Experience Club, 72,* 125,
179, 228.*

Real Facts about the Problem of Fall
Planting os. Spring Planting, 118.
Reducing the Time and Cost of Cooking,

229.*
Reed, M. N., article by, 68.
photograph by, 69.
Rejuvenating the Old Apple Tree, 108.*
Remarkable Longevity of Seed, 218.
Renovating a Frozen Rubber Plant, 219.
“be Lawn, 234.

ill

Re-served Potatoes, 230.
Rhododendron, 121.*
Rhubarb, making money from, 186.*
Rice, William S., photograph by, 30.
Ridgway, R., article and photograph
by, 220.
Right and Wrong Kind of “Show Gar-
den,” The, to.*
Roadside Gardening, 84, 244.
Rock Garden in the Street, A, 244.*
Rockwell, F. F., photographs by, 180
181.
Rogers, W. S., articles by, 44, 64, 174.
Roof garden, 20,* 21.*
Root cuttings, 183.
Rose arch, 217.*
Cuttings, how to start, 146.*
Department, 78, 146.
Rambler, 59.*
Rosebuds, injury to, 78.
Roses, Christmas, 220.*
from Cuttings, 78, 146.*
Rubber plant, 181,* 220.*

,

Sage, Hollister, article by, 270.
photographs by, 271, 272.

Sapodillas, 63.*

Sargent, C. S., article by, 279.

Saunders, C. F., article and photo-
graph by, 142.

Saving a girdled tree, 284.*

Scale, San Jose, 111.

Schizonotus, 88.*

School gardens, 26, 73, 126, 180, 226,

275.
Schultz, H., photograph by, 227.
Scilla, 112.*
Scott, Harry E., article by, 202.
Sea buckthorn, 150.*
Seashore, a shrub for, 150.*
Season’s Garden Lessons, A, 232.
Seed, vitality of, 218.
Seeding the Lawn, 90.
Seedling plants, 224.*
September Activities, 57.*
S. H., article by, 78.
Shaded garden, color combination for,
68.
Shady situations, shrubs for, 196, 294.
Shaw, Ellen Eddy, articles by, 26, 73,
126, 180, 226, 275.
Sherman, R. D., article by, 279.
Shipping flowers, 200.
Show garden, two kinds of, 10.*
Shrub for Seashore Planting, A, 150.*
Shrubbery, a plant for, 34.*
watering, 96.*
Shrubs for Shady Situations, 196, 294.
Sixth Annual “Round-up” of Garden-
ing Achievements, 218.*
Skunk cabbage, 266.*
Small Greenhouse, The, 38.
Specimen and Lawn Trees for the
Northwest, 236.
Snowdrop, 112.*
Sodium nitrate vs. bonemeal, 220.
Soil, acidity, 23.
“Sours and Dillies,” 62.*
South, planting table of vegetables, 15.
sweet peas in the, 132.*
Southern Department, 42, 82, 132, 190,
246, 290.
vs. Northern hemlock, 214.*
Sow Pansies Now for Spring Bloom, 22.*
Spirea, 88.*
Spraying, III, 272.*
Chance Effects of, 76.
Sprays for the Orchard, 294.
Squash, keeping, 74.
Squill, 112.*
Stake, garden, 226.*
Starting rose cuttings in a coldframe,
146.*
Steed, Thomas J., articles by, 42, 82,
132, 190, 246, 290.
photographs by, 190, 290.
Stock, 38.*
Storing celery over winter, 182.*
Manure, 296.
Strawberries, fall care of, 75.
mulched, 182.*

1V

Stuntz, S. C., article by, 231.

Succession Cropsin the Flower Garden, 58.*

Sulphate of Iron for Weeds and Other
Things, 86.

Summer spraying, III.

Sweeney & Son, John T., photographs
by, 20, 21.

Sweet peas, fall planted, 178.*

in the South, 132.*

Table decorations, 230.
Taylor, Henry G., photographs by, 49.
Mary L., photograph by, 61.
Testing soil, 23.
This Month’s Cover, 36.
Thomas, E. K., photograph by, 276.
Thomson, Adeline T., article and photo-
graphs by, 94.
Thousand Dollars an Acre from Celery,
A, 262.*
Three Clematis Hybrids, 30.*
Tile drains, plan for installing, 202.
Tomato Crop worth Raising, A, 219.*
seedlings, 224.*
Tomatoes, canning, 72.
Top-grafting apple trees, 110.
Transplanting, 294.
a tree, 148.
cost of, 92.
hardy plants, 152.
the Lobelia, 94.*

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Tree, experience in transplanting, 148.
guards, 19.*
planting, 19.*

in the South, 190.*
protectors, 184.*

Trees and Shrubs, 92, 196, 231, 282.
for the Northwest, 222,* 236.
girdled by rabbits, 28.
orchard, planting, 280.*
street, in Chicago, 18,* 19.
when to move, 129.

Trenches, how to make, 128.*

Trial gardens, 216,* 217.*

Trollius, 32.*

Tropical fruits, 13,* 14.*

Troth, H., photograph by, 62.

Tsuga, 214.*

Tulips, 58,* 136.
of Yesterday for Gardens of To-day,

TAGS

Turner, William, article by, 120.

Twenty-year Record with Christmas
Roses, 220.*

Two Wonder Fruits of the Tropics, The,
Teich

*

Unusual Hydrangea, An, 198.*

Valentine, F. H., article by, 192.
Vegetable Garden in October, 128.*
Planting Table for the South, 15.

Vegetables, 28, 74, 128, 182, 232.
Fall Planted, 74.
Vines and Trailers, 242.

Wail from a Wee Garden, A, 76, 231.

Wall gardening, 60,* 61,* 62.*

Wallis, E. J., photographs by, 10, 11,
114, IIS.

Walter, F. A., photograph by, 221.

Warren, Mrs. Edward, article by, 70.

photographs by, 70, 71.

Water and Weeds, 26.*
garden, 10.*
sprouts, III.*

Watering shrubbery, 96.*

Watermelon, 28.

Weeds, sulphate of iron for, 86.

What Brings the April Flowers, 112.*
Chicago Is Doing for its Trees, 18.*
Counts in a Garden, 231.

Hurt the Rosebuds? 78.

is a “‘Primrose”’? 65.*

the Coco Palm Means to the Tropics,

176.*

to Do with a Girdled Tree, 284.*

You Must Do, 7.* ;
When to Plant Peonies, 122. [by, 146.
Whitley, A. G., article and photograph
W. H. W., article by, 74.

Why You Should Plant Daffodils Now,
67.*

Wild Flowers Worth Improving, 144.
Wilder, H. J., article and photograph
by, 231. :
Willcox, E. E., photc. -aph by, 26.
Willis, J. L. M., article and photograph
by, 220.
Willow, 222.*
Wilson, Mrs. G., article by, 231.
Window box, plants for, 180.
boxes, 175.*
Garden, A Winter, 220.
Winter Duties in the Garden, 246.
fragrant flower for, 38.*
protection, 231.*
Window Garden, A, 220.
Wire-Cutting Pliers, 86.
Withers, John T., photograph by, 7.
W. M., articles by, 30, 40, 76, 88, 92.
186, 192.
Wonderful Hardy Begonia, 220.*
Won’t You Establish One Colony This
Month? 84.
Woolly aphis on apple trees, 296.
Work in the Apple Orchard, 129.*

Yew, English (caption ‘ncorrect), 172,*
242.

Yew, Japanese (caption incorrect), 173,*
242, 279.

Yews, 186.

Youngs, Mary, article by, 76.

Bee GS xctable > Planting Table for the South = 15c.

1910
= Tropical Fruits . fia a a ta Street Trees $150 a Year
Mae. No. AG feet Acid Soils “Pansies “

DOUBLEDAY, aa: 6 ee @\ THE worLp’s

133-137 EAST: 16th STREET, NEY WORK ; - WORK

ae COUNTRY FE
a. IN AMERICA

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Produces the most magnificent lawns imaginable.
It kills all weeds, including dandelions, plantains, -
etc. It fertilizes the grass and restores burned and
parched lawns to their natural beauty. Very

quick and thorough in its action.

~B. W. Burrell, Elkhart, Ind., writes:
“Climax Lawn Sand has almost entirely rid my lawn of dandelion
and plantain, and the Bucktail is entirely destroyed. In addition
its fertilizing properties have greatly improved the grass.”

Climax Lawn Sand is put up as follows:

3% |b. cans $0.60 7 lb. cans $1.00 14 lb. cans $1.75
28 lb. kegs $3.00 56 lb. kegs $5.00 112 lb. kegs $8.00

Booklet sent free giving full particulars.

AvcusrT, 1910

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

SCE, TRON SG
Pa are a =

i Hindanll
wu

aie business that we love we rise betime

And go to ’t with delight.’

’_—Antony and Cleopatra

Country Lite Twice a Month, and Why

Beginning November, 1910

The year 1909 was the most prosperous Country
Life in America had ever experienced, and the early
months of 1910 were even more successful. Therefore
some people may say: ‘Why not let well enough
alone?”

To do this means to go along on a level and easy
basis which leads to mediocrity, and we think we see
a way to forge ahead into a new and even broader
usefulness, by ot “letting well enough alone.”

When this magazine was begun, nearly ten years ago,
there was none like it in the field; but the idea is no
longer new, and many excellent periodicals are devot-
ing themselves to its special subjects. When we be-
gan our Gardening Manual, our Vacation Number, our
Home-Building Annual, they were novel and indi-
vidual; now there are many such issues.

Since Country Life in America was the first of its
class, we should like to have it retain its position;
and this new plan, for a mid-Month Number, gives a
chance.to do some new and original things.

For several years we have been cramped for space
to cover all the subjects we wished to have treated,
even though we have greatly increased the number
of pages of reading matter.

We have now hit upon a plan to carry out our
idea, namely, the publication of

Special mid-Monthly Numbers

The regular number will be issued as formerly,
about the first of the month; and on about the fifteenth
there will be the special mid-Month Number, with as
much or as little regular departmental matter as
seems desirable under the circumstances.

Here are some of the subjects:

Inside the House Number
The Little Garden Number

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY,

The Country Housekeeper’s Number

The Little Farm Number

The Winter Joys’ Number

The Motor Number

The Flying Number

The Old Village Number

The Fountain, Pool and Water
Number

The Home Grounds Number

The Rose Lovers’ Number

The Bungalow Number

The Little House Number

The Economical Readers’ Number

The Hardy Garden Number

The

Concrete House Number
The order of publication remains uncertain, and we
retain the right to add, subtract, and change these num-
bers as we see opportunity to improve them.

Garden

We want to make Country Life in America more in-
teresting to more people, more original, fresher, and
more beautiful; we want so to conduct and develop it
that everybody who loves the country will find in tt
everything he wants to know.

The Subscription Price Remains $4.00 a Year

for twenty-four issues, instead of twelve issues.

Our readers and friends will be, we hope, as pleased
as we are to see the magazine develop into this
greater sphere. It is the celebration of the start of the
tenth year of Country Life in America, of our moving
into our new country home at Garden City this
fall, and of the fulfilling of several long suppressed
ambitions.

During the last decade the love for country living
increased among all classes. We dedicate the maga-
zines to forward this great movement.

133 East 16th Street, New York City

The Readers’ Service gives
injormation about investments

ves

TH EVGAR DEN Se AGyA7ANen AvaeusT, 1910

PEONIES

From the Cottage Gardens Famous Collection

We offer a selection of about three hun-
dred of the choicest varieties in one, two
and three year old roots.

@_ Do not fail to send for our FREE CAT-

ALOGUE which gives authentic descrip-
tions. It also tells you how to plant and grow
this beautiful flower successfully.

Bobbink & Atkins

W orld’s Choicest Nursery Products
AUGUST PLANTING

Intending purchasers should visit our Nursery
and inspect the material we grow. We have experi-
enced men to advise you and the completeness of our
assortment will insure you of securing the proper ma-
terial for every location. Having 250 acres of the
most fertile ground under cultivation places us in a
Position to fill orders of any magnitude.
EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS have become a

garden necessity. Every lawn, even of highly de-

veloped beauty, can be made more beautiful by their
use. We have many acres planted with beautiful

Evergreens of all the hardiest and choicest kinds.

Our Evergreens are well cultivated and can be dug

witha ballof rootsand earth. Thesecan be planted

in August.

BAY TREES—We have several thousand of these
attractive decorative trees in allforms and sizes. A
visit to our nursery would be pleasing if only to see
these trees. A

BOXWOOD — Everybody loves the aroma of old-fashioned Box-
wood. We have thousands of specimens. It is worth while to
travel any distance to see our collection, consisting of all sizes
and shapes.

RHODODENDRONS—Catawbiense, English Hardy Hybrids
and Maximum. Our collection consists of thousands of choice
specimens and ordinary sizes in the most desirable varieties.

HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS—For New and Old-
Fashioned Gardens, Beds and Borders. We have a large

uantity and complete collection.

DECORATIVE PLANTS FOR CONSERVATORIES,
Interior and Exterior Decorations are grown in our
150.000 feet of greenhouses.

POT-GROWN STRAWBERRIES, HARDY TRAILING
AND CLIMBING VINES—Ask for special lists.

OEE VG manufacture them in all shapes and sizes. Ask
for price list.

OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE No, 25
is comprehensive and especially interesting, instructive and
helpful to intending purchasers,

We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere
THE GENERAL SUPERVISION OF PUBLIC GROUNDS AND
PRIVATE ESTATES A SPECIALTY

VISITORS TO OUR NURSERIES ARE ALWAYS WELCOME
WE ARE ONLY A FEW MINUTES FROM NEW YORK CITY

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters, Rutherford, N. J.

Standard
Bay Tree

Cottage Gardens Co., Inc.
Queens, Long Island

Shipping season commences September | st
and continues during the Fall months.

Nurseries

New York

Farr’s Irises, Poppies and
Peonies for August Planting

yee CAN SAVE a whole year in the garden
by planting Irises and Oriental Poppies in
August and September, just as they have reached
the dormant stage. They will begin at once to
grow in their new homes and prepare for bursting
forth next spring in all their glory of royal coloring
and magnificence of form. The Iris, in its different
varieties, is a floral world of the widest scope,
and in an Iris garden there may be bloom nearly
. every month in the year. The gorgeous
splendor of the Oriental Poppy conjures up

visions of the mysterious East and creates

an effect never to be forgotten. It’s time,

y too, to think seriously of planting Peonies—

that zs, if you wish them to bloom next spring.

My Book, “Hardy Plants,” Free

If you have not a copy of my unique book, “Hardy Plants,”
I'll gladly send you one. It tells all about Irises and Poppies
and many other splendid perennials—Peonies, Phloxes, Del-
phiniums, Asters, etc.—and how to grow them. Perhaps I
should tell you that the collections of both Irises and Peonies
grown at Wyomissing are the most complete in this country,
and that the classification, accurate nomenclature and descrip-
tions of the thousand or more varieties listed has led those who
have this book to look upon it more as a standard authority
on these two favorites than as a mere catalog. i

It is becoming generally known that Farrs Wyomissing }
grown plants are not only strong and healthy and give quick
results, but that they are absolutely true to name.

Bertrand H. Farr

Wyomissing Nurseries
809-D Penn Street READING, PA,

~
The latest books on travel and biography may ~
AuaustT, 1910 IEE (GARD EN MAGAZINE be obtained through the Readers’ SE o
AUGUST, 1910
COVER DESIGN — Indian lotus (Nelwmbo nucifera) See page 36
PAGE : PAGE

Wuat You Must Do A ; ; : 9 FRUIT-PICKERS . : : ; os eer, Roe

Photograph by John T. Withers Photograph by the author

THe RIGHT AND Wronc Kinp oF “SHOW GARDEN” W. Miller to BLANCHING CELERY . : ; . E W.C.McCollom 28
Photographs by E. J. Wallis and William Goldring Photographs by the author
Tue Two WonpER Fruits or THE Tropics . John Gifford 13 KEEPING RABBITS FROM GIRDLING TREES . . C.L. Meller 28
Photographs by the author
VEGETABLE PLANTING TABLE FOR THE SOUTH SS. Prentiss Baldwin 15 THREE CLEMATIS Hysrips . ee ie aie cs 2 ME. 30
D T TEP 3 Photograph by William S. Rice
Waar Curcaco is Doinc For 11s TREES ; pelo ESL, THe Kinc or ALL THE BUTTERCUPS . : ee Se Adams. “32
Photographs by Sherman R. Duffy . = e
CountTRY FLOWERS FOR City FoLks Katherine Paul 2 iene eee ae
X 5 : fe) E . .
BHGtorraphelmnnmen Sweeney & Sou A Goop SHRUBBERY PLANT ; - Daniel A. Clarke 34

Photograph by Nathan R. Graves

Sow Panstes Now For SPRING BLoom ; . John Gerard 22 :
Photograph by Nathan R. Graves GARDEN PUBLICATIONS ° 0 . c : = 2 2 36
Tue “Acip Sor” BucABOO : 4 : J. A Bonsieel 23 Tuts MonTH’s COVER : : : : : : ; “se t30
CALIFORNIA FROM AN EASTERN VIEWPOINT Charles E. Jenney 24 A FRAGRANT FLOWER FOR WINTER BLOoom > H..O. Mason 38
Photographs by the author : Photograph by the author
Ever Eat Tus Fruir? é : : 3 . Henry Hicks 25 GARDEN GOSSIP : ) ‘ ; a) Ps
Photograph by H. E. Angell
CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE . . Ellen Eddy Shaw 26 GARDEN DUTIES FoR AUGUST. . : . : : - 42
Bei erabes Pye Beacon and 1. J. Doogue : Tur Aster ApHIs VANQUISHED . . . HelenW. Harding 42
MipsuMMER REMINDERS : 5 ; W. H. Jenkins 27 3 Ws 4
Bhotoeraibuatheranthor GARDEN PLANNING. : F : : WV AeS eNORCIS ada

Be aoe WILHELM MILLER, Eprror—Copyricur, 1910, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY For Toeey Postage
1.50 a year : . a 5c.
Single Copies rs cts. Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 For Ganadaiadd sxe.

F. N. DousBLepay, President WALTER H. Pace, Hersert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanier, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer

OLD FASHIONED GARDEN

OF FLOWERS THAT CAN BE PRODUCED FROM SEEDS SOWN NOW

Pkt.
. ’ ° anterbury Bell ingle, rose, blue,
Boddington’s Quality Double Hollyhocks (ante or Inixed. se ee $0 05
Pkt. %QOz, Campanula, double, rose, blue, white, or mixed... 05
Apple Blossom sneniicc a-c)s'saas ae cee $0 10 $050 Chrysanthemum Maximum “‘ Shasta Daisy’’.... 05
Brent Pinks ssecicioiss <i «oss oe oe eseiess 10 50 Delphinium (Hardy Larkspur), Erskine Park
Canary Yellow .............2-2ceeeee ener’ 10 50 MYDS shir cissls vs sisal mmcneieciiec scores 25
Blood Redeem cect cas «« selec angers cise 10 50 Digitalis Gloxinieflora (Foxglove) finest mixed. 05
GriMB OMe ee ceeee clas sols « shove atalenererterere aye 10 50 Gaillardia Grandiflora (Blanket Flower), Bod-
Golden Yellow .............2-.-22e eee eee 10 50 dine tonZs mew, hybrids sree seeer ences seems 25
IMAC. obec acsdacs MasarEaepAaDBOOBAcOSCanee 10 50 Gypsophila Paniculata (Baby’s Breath) white... 05
Reach Blossomres 1 -,- «= venie -feeieeyecteret= 10 50 MHesperis Matronalis (Sweet Rocket), mixed .... 10
PROSE Wore tape eres Nota eee wis <=. \ecojeasnelelevartenerersions 10 50 lLathyrus Latifolius (Everlasting Sweet Pea),
Salmons ae eeelaieicts 21d Sie eieivie cl eet els, 10 50 TEC 5 Bea GORE SO to Oe IEEE a aeas Saaeetne 10
SO Go oscoouescanssbegbonsesoodcosocosoD 10 50 Lobelia Cardinalis (Cardinal Flower), red....... 10
STOW, =WMLC Ober nietelai= (os «nell eselore sietaicroreiels 10 50 Myosotis (Forget-me-not) mixed........... Were 10
INET CC yeeros oars in a ee ic =a cinveherstar ein pemieeneaeteie 10 40 (€nothera (Evening Primrose), mixed .......... 10
The above choice collection, including 12 varieties Papaver Nudicaule(Iceland Poppy), mixed..... 05
Boddington’s Quality Hollyhocks, $1; 8 varieties, 75 Papaver Orientale (The Oriental Poppy), finest
cts.; 6 varieties, 60 cts. Pkt. Oz. mixedscens daesess<s ssmsestige BC boca ar 19
Allegheny, Single Fringed, finest mixed ..60 10 $100 Platycodon Mariesii (Chinese Bell Flower),
Single, finest mixed.................----. 10 1 00 PITT CCE EE os coe cok Ee ee ore Satennies 10
Primula Vulvaris (English Primrose), yellow... 10
H ardy Perennials Raney. - Boddington’s Challenge (all giants) a

ilegia Columbine TON
Tee A ain, aced BG Se Ge rGORaSeoe 3 25 Collection of the above 20 useful varieties...... - $1 00

Our Fall Garden Guide Now in the Press

This Garden Guide will be mailed free to all who will mention this magazine. Contains a full list of
Fall Bulbs, etc. A list of nearly five hundred Perennial Seeds that can be grown this year and that }
will flower next—with full cultural directions as to sowing, and other valuable information. Besides the
above our Guide will contain descriptions of other seeds, etc., for summer planting.

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman

Dept. “G” 342 West 14th Street NEW YORK CITY |

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

AuvcustT, 1910

Everywhere E-M-F “30” is the first choice of that
class of buyers who want all that can be had of effi-
ciency, power, durability, elegance and comfort at a
price under $2000. E-M-F “30” sells for $1250.

~The Garden Magazine

VoL. XII—No. 1

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

Ld > a Fed
\\ E
\

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is

generally taken as astandard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

What You Must Do

tye things there are that you simply
must do in August, if you would have
a really beautiful garden next spring.

t. You must plant bulbs of the Madonna
lily, the most beautiful hardy white lily
there is, and which everybody wants at its
flowering time but which is usually absent
because of the neglect to plant it now.
Plant the bulbs before they shrivel. They
will make a small growth this fall, but the
tuft of leaves will not suffer any injury
from frost.

2. You must sow pansies, for really
grand flowers, in April, May and June.
Nothing else will give you an equal return
in variety, brilliancy and intensity of color,
and nothing else is easier to grow, but if you
would have superlative results, follow care-
fully the directions given on page 22 of this
month’s GARDEN MacazInE. Mr. Gerard
has there given his conclusions after forty
years of experimenting, and he gets results.

3. You must sow perennials now, if you
want to have bloom next year. Sow the
seeds not later than the middle of August
in a coldframe. Give very light protection
over winter. Read the article in the August
GARDEN MAGAZINE, 1907.

4. You must set out strawberry beds. At
this time use potted plants. Runners that
have been rooted in pots, and which can be
lifted and re-set without suffering any shock
are the ones to use.. Buy varieties that are
suited to your neighborhood. You can get
them from all the leading nurserymen and
seedsmen. Planted in well prepared soil,
they will positively give good returns next
June. Water the plants as soon as received,
to assist ‘“‘knocking-out.”’

5. You must transplant evergreens dur-
ing August, or before the growth of the
season ceases, if you would be sure of keep-
ing them alive. August planting of ever-

AUGUST, 1910

greens should always be done in regions
where the spring is hot and dry, but if your
late summer is dryer than the early part
of the year, wait until the following spring.

Among the Vegetables

ON’T neglect the celery. Itis now ready

for blanching, and the quality, when

you come to eat it, depends entirely on

how you handle it now. Read Mr.
McCollom’s article on page 28.

Don’t omit to sow for succession: Bush
beans, beets, carrots, endive, lettuce and
spinach. There is a particular enjoyment
in gathering fresh vegetables when your
neighbors’ gardens are empty. For the
latest crops, remember that the early
varieties must be sown, because they have
a shorter time in which to mature.

Worth Remembering

| eee coldframes; you have more time

now than you will later. See that the
greenhouse and all its appliances are in
perfect working order; repair broken glass,
and leaking pipe joints; paint wood-work, etc.

For three years you have been intending
to plant a lot of those autumn-blooming
crocuses. Don’t forget that August is the
time to plant them, because you want them
to bloom in September.

No, we don’t mean what they used to call
‘autumn crocus” fifty years ago. We have
dozens of new species since then. What

§ ONE DOLLAR FirTY CENTS A YEAR
| FirTEEN CENTS A Copy

you mean is Colchicum autumnale. We have
many true crocuses that bloom between
September ist and Thanksgiving. And
there are lots of new colchicums you don’t
know. Get up to date on these things.
Write postals to your favorite bulb dealers,
and if you can’t get what you want, appeal
to our Readers’ Service Department.

The famous equivalent of the Madonna
lily in pale yellow is known as Lilium
testaceum or excelsum. Unlike all other lilies
these two must make a leaf growth in the
fall and therefore must be planted a month
or two before other lilies.

Spanish irises also have to make a leaf
growth in the fall. Those lovely things,
are orchid-like in form, purer in color and
almost as cheap as crocuses!

Also plant Eremurus in August or
September.

In the Greenhouse

(Coe seeds, as soon as possible, of ciner-
aria, cyclamen, and Chinese primrose
for cultivation indoors during winter.
Do not let the chrysanthemums get
checked in growth. The quality of the
November flowers depends upon continuous

‘growth now.

Violets must be kept as cool and airy as
possible and thoroughly picked over for any
diseased leaves.

Carnations that are being planted out-
doors must be kept cultivated and ready for
bringing in later.

Plant Lilium candidum bulbs as early as you can — before they shrivel

The Right and Wrong Kind of “Show Garden”—By W. Miller

WHY EVERY BEGINNER INSTINCTIVELY BUYS VARIEGATED, CUT-LEAVED AND WEEPING TREES

—WHY HE PLANTS THEM

WAS once in danger of becoming a
common scold; trying to persuade
people to buy green-leaved evergreens in-
stead of golden and silver evergreens, plain
maple instead of cut-leaved maple, and ordi-
nary beech instead of weeping beech.
Every young crusader tackles the job of
reforming human nature. One might as well
be Canute and bid the sea hold back.
For the people leap instinctively at “‘horti-
cultural varieties,’ and clasp them to their
hearts, as if they were jewels. They will
be buying them by millions when the earth
turns cold and the stars grow old, simply
because they are showier than the more
natural varieties. There is nothing wrong
about these plants in themselves, any more
than there is in diamonds. The trouble
comes from using such things in a flashy way.
And that is just what most people do with
Colorado spruce, Japanese maples, purple
beech, pink dogwood and cut-leaved weeping
birch. For the regular thing is to scatter
showy specimens about the yard or over the
landscape, instead of using them sparingly,
or making them into a garden of specimens.
The encouraging thing is that most people
are perfectly innocent in their intentions.
People who would never think of over-spic-
ing their food are unwittingly led into over-
spicing their grounds. They have no desire
to commit an artistic sin. They never even
suspect that they are committing a costly
blunder; that their taste will change; that
more than half of these precious trees and
shrubs may have to be cut out just when it

The right kind of show garden— Col. Holford’s. The plants not scattered over the lawn, but grouped in

hurts most; that the whole place may have
to be rearranged to avoid the charge of bad
taste and vulgar display. I believe that

most people mean to have the best of every-
thing that life has to give.

Well, then, I know you will be delighted to
hear that there is a better way of arranging

a garden that makes a series of pictures and does not interfere with the landscape

10

IN A FLASHY WAY —THE ONLY REFINED AND ARTISTIC METHOD

these treasures — a way that may give you
about five times as much pleasure, avoid all
that heartache, prevent the tearing up of
your grounds and, consequently, save a
great deal of money. Nor shall I rob you
of a single tree that you admire, if only

you will agree to make out of such material

SS

not an outdoor museum, but an artistic
garden!

But first I must explain why all these
plants I have named, and thousands more
that apparently have nothing in common
except showiness, really belong to one great
class. They are all “horticultural varie-
ties” —not the original forms of nature.
Most of these would perish if man did not
protect them. Hundreds of plants with
variegated foliage would die if abandoned
to nature, for they are generally weaker
growing than their green prototypes. Most
of these varieties originated in nurseries;
they are eloquent of man’s handiwork, not
nature’s. And they are all subject to a
what might be called ‘‘Manning’s law,”
to wit: Horticultural forms originated in the
garden; they should be restricted to it, and
not allowed to dominate the landscape.

The right way to use showy specimens
is illustrated by a garden at Westonbirt, the
home of Colonel Holford, at Tetbury,
Gloucestershire, England. Look at the
first picture. You can see the whole idea
at a glance — a lake encircled by rare ever-
greens and costly plants of all kinds. The

‘first conception of it was obviously a stroke

of genius, for water doubles the number of

|

AvucustT, 1910

pictures you can get on land. Thus the
value of every horticultural jewel is im-
mensely increased right at the start, because
its form and color are reflected in the magic
looking-glass of the water.

But not every one can have water, and,
therefore, I shall point out the universal
features of Colonel Holford’s garden, and
show why the grouping plan is inherently
better than the scattering plan. I cheer-
fully convict Colonel Holford of good taste on
five main counts:

1. His way is more comfortable than our
way. When you visit a scattered place you
bob your head about as if you were at a three-

TEE WGA D TN

nus Pissardi. Ina well-ordered garden there
are no clashes. The dangerous colors are
hidden away, pocketed, surrounded by green.
You cannot imagine what pleasure you may
get simply from the different shades of green
until you see a good collection of fancy coni-
fers well arranged. The differences in tex-
ture, also, are a never-ending delight.

4. His way is more fiting than our way
because it does not interfere with the land-
scape. When I strolled down to Colonel

Holford’s garden from his house, I had no
idea that I was going to a collection The
whole garden looked like any other large
clump of woods on the estate.

It did not

See how every fine tree in a garden of specimens can be made to play a part in many different pictures

ring circus; there is no orderly sequence;
and, after the sightseeing is done, you sink
down with a sigh of relief. When I went
into Colonel Holford’s garden I felt imme-
diately that I should see it all without
fatigue. The garden was compact, not scat-
tered. One obvious path led to everything
in due order. There was a chance to sit and
rest. The experience was refreshing, not
distracting.

2. His way 1s more picturesque than our
way. When we scatter plants we do not
create pictures that an artist would like to
paint, because each specimen is just as im-
portant as any other. When Colonel Hol-
ford groups plants there are leaders and
followers, just as we see in all the affairs of
men. The big evergreen seems to protect
the little evergreens at its feet, and all seem
to belong to one happy family. In a scat-
tered place you go from plant to plant; in
a well-grouped garden you go from picture
to picture. Colonel Holford’s garden is
a kaleidoscopic series of them. There is a
new picture every step or two.

3. His way is more cclorful than our way.
In a scattered place you see color discords,
e.g., golden elder against purple-leaved Pru-

MAGAZINE

11

interrupt the broad expanse of lawn and
meadow. But if you scatter showy trees
in your front yard you destroy the simple
beauty of the lawn and every passer-by must
take notice, whether he wishes to or not.
A home should blend with the landscape
not stand out in contrast to it.

5. His way is more economical than our
way because many pictures are made with
few plants. Under the scattering ‘‘system,”
each plant counts only once. Under the
grouping system each plant plays a part in
several different pictures. To understand
exactly what I mean, notice the three pic-
tures in which a certain tall evergreen tree
appears. That tree is a bluish African
cedar about fifteen feet high. I could have
had the photographer take a dozen different
pictures in which this splendid conifer
played a leading part. It is as if some beau-
tiful singer were to hold one stirring note
while the flute alone answered, then the
strings, the reeds, and finally the whole
orchestra. The mechanism of such effect
is easy to understand — good design, good
grouping, and a curving path which reveals
new wonders at every step.

Easy to understand— but hard to do!
For now I must honestly confess the only
serious difficulty about the scheme I am
urging. It isn’t simple. A beginner can’t.
do it. The men who can design such gar-
dens in this country can probably be num-
bered on the fingers of both hands. The
cost of design has to be a large item. For
the layout of an estate, ro per cent. is too
much, if the work is chiefly grading and
road building; but if it is chiefly planting it
is too little. A man who can design a gar-
den of specimens equal to Colonel Holford’s
would probably charge 15 per cent. of the
total cost for designing the garden, order-
ing the material, and planting it. Some
men I know would not accept such a com-

Observe how this winding walk in Col. Holford’s garden reveals a kaleidoscopic series of pictures

THE

GARDEN

MAGAZINE

AveusT, 1910

The first of three pictures in a garden designed by William Goldring in England, showing the great
variety of views that may be had from a short garden walk

mission without a retaining fee of $1,000.
Even if the garden were on a small scale, the
size of a good city lot, this sort of thing might
cost $500 — half for material and labor, and
half for design.

How then dare I claim that it is economical
to employ a high-priced landscape designer ?
The answer is that if you want a garden that
is more pictorial, more harmonious in color,
more suitable to the environment, more liv-
able, you must expect to pay more. I stand
for better gardens. Moreover, the better
design will certainly be cheaper in the
end if you get sick of your place and have
it all torn up. And it may be cheaper
simply because a good designer’s material
will last about five times as long as a
poor designer’s.

SHORT-LIVED VS. LONG—-LIVED

For instance, the beginner is likely to
specify the things in the first column; the
first-class designer who really knows plants

will be likely at least to include those in the
second column:

SHORT-LIVED LONG-LIVED
Retinisporas Mugho pine
English yew Japanese yew
Irish juniper Red cedar

Silver fir (A. Picea)
Douglas fir from Cali-

Concolor fir
Douglas fir from Colo-

fornia rado
Willows Oaks
Poplars Lindens
Birches Beech

In other words, it is false economy to em-
ploy the cheap designer, although he uses
cheap plants, that make a brave show at the
start, because many of these plants have to
be replaced in a few years. It is true
economy to hire the best designer, although
his plants may cost more and take longer to
establish, for he uses permanent material
and makes a better arrangement.

ON THE SMALL LAWN

But most people cannot afford a garden
of specimens and they cannot afford a first-

Yet they are all part of a rather short walk, as the seat and some other details help to show

These three pictures are so unlike that you would
hardly imagine them to be on the same place

class designer. What about the front yard,
the small lawn and even a city or suburban
place of an acre or so?

My advice is this: On the small place
plant no tall trees, except those needed for
the street line. The ideal is to have only
one species of tree on a street and to plant
the trees inside the sidewalk.

INSTEAD OF

Pink dogwood

Tall magnolias

Golden and silver ever-
greens

Teas’ mulberry

Purple barberry

Cut-leaved maple

PLANT

White dogwood
Magnolia Soulangeana
Green evergreens

Japanese cherry
Japanese barberry
Mountain ash

ON THE MEDIUM-SIZED LAWN

By “medium-sized” I mean a place
of one to four acres, in which six to fifty
large trees will not give too much shade.

INSTEAD OF PLANT

Common beech

Red cedar

Pin, red or scarlet oak
Red or sugar maple
Wisconsin willow
American hawthorn
Concolor fir

Red pine

Keelreuteria

Prunus Sargenti

Purple beech
Lombardy poplar
Cut-leaved oak
Cut-leaved maple
Kilmarnock willow
English hawthorn
Blue spruce
Scotch pine
Laburnum

Prunus Pissardt

BAD TASTE VS. GOOD TASTE

‘‘Oh! pshaw!” some of my readers will
exclaim, “‘such things are merely matters of
taste! Aman has aright to do as he pleases.”

Don’t fool yourself. It is not simply a
matter of whether you like a thing or not.
The beasts of the field know that much.
A man should be able to give reasons. Even
matters of taste are dependent upon certain
laws. The law of good taste in planting is
this: Make your place harmonize with the
climate and environment. Do not let it stand
out im sharp contrast.

Therefore, no matter what the size of
your lawn, make this your working rule:

Let 90 per cent. of your material be of native

ee ee ee ee a ee

te sb

eee ea kt en © bas ns

AvuGcusT, 1910

or Japanese origin; only to per cent. Euro-
pean or horticultural origin.

INSTEAD OF PLANT CHIEFLY

Normal trees

Green-leaved plants
with lovely flowers or
fruits

Their normal forms; or
else trees that nor-
mally have fine leaves,
e.g., bald cypress,
Japan varnish tree

Weeping trees

Variegated trees and
shrubs, ¢.g., purple
beech andgoldenelder

Cut-leaved maple, syca-
more, alder, hawthorn
oak, and linden and
other horticultural
varieties

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

‘A NEW AND BETTER HOBBY

The rich man always wants to do some-
thing “‘unique.” Here is his chance. Every-
body uses this showy material — but in the
wrong way. Let him show the right way.
Let him make a garden of specimens. I
guarantee that he will like it better than the
Morgan collection of jewels at the American
Museum of Natural History. For living
jewels are better than dead jewels

Be a collector. Collect the plants that

seem to you the loveliest in the whole world.
But give them an appropriate setting. Do
not make an outdoor museum with them.
Make a series of gorgeous pictures.

Perhaps you would rather see both styles
before you decide. Go to Lenox if you
want to see a bad case of purple-beechitis.
(But you can see that anywhere.) Then go
to the Arnold Arboretum. If you don’t like
that better, all right. No hard feelings. Still
friends, but we differ.

The Two Wonder Fruits of the Tropics—By John Gifford, *:

THE FIRST OF A SERIES OF ARTICLES ON THOSE FRUITS OF THE TROPICS THAT ARE OF ECONOMIC VALUE
TO THE WARMER REGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES AND WHICH CAN BE GROWN AS PROFITABLE CROPS

NEVER cease to marvel at the banana
and the papaw: Statistidans who
have predicted a famine from the increase
of population without a corresponding
increase in the production of breadstuffs
have neglected one potent factor — the
banana.

The papaw or papaya is another suc-
culent, quick-growing, prolific tropical fruit-
producer, belonging in the same class of
marvels with the banana, but is not related
to it.

The banana has been the cause of the for-
mation of steamship lines to the tropics, it
has caused the building of railroads within
the tropics: it has figured conspicuously in
Spanish-American politics, and even the
dreaded Black Hand is known to many as
“the Society of the Banana.”

GROWS ON A RUBBISH HEAP

The banana is marvelous because of its
prolific nature, yet it forms no seeds, and
the great bunch of foodstuff when not used

From one papaw plant (Carica Papaya) fruits can
be gathered every day for months. A young plant
with only twenty fruits

by man or other animals simply rots, and the
stalk which produced it dies to give space to
another to repeat the performance.

With me the banana is a favorite crop. I
dig a deep hole in moist soil or muck. Into
this hole I empty my waste basket containing
old letters, newspapers, returned manu-
script, etc.; also the kitchen barrel containing
tin cans and other stuff that the chickens will
not eat; then I throw in sweepings, rakings,
old fertilizer bags, old iron, useless wood,
bottles, and trash of any and every kind.
On top of this I put a good forkful of stable
manure and then some sand or muck.
Then the banana root, often no bigger than
your two fists, dry and lifeless-looking, after
having been kicked about in the sun for a
few days, waiting for planting time, is stuck
into the ground and covered with a few
inches of dirt.

In three months, if the weather is good,
you may sit in the grateful shade of this big
green-leaved plant. I almost called it a
tree, because its stalk is as big as a man’s
leg and its foliage may be several feet above
your head, but according to the definitions
a tree must have a central woody axis, and
to the banana there is no woody texture; it is
all as soft as a cabbage and is usually com-
pletely consumed in a short time when left
to chickens.

THE YIELD OF A YEAR

Within a year a bunch of fruit is produced
which a man can hardly carry — a bunch so
big that it often bends the plant to the ground
unless propped by forked sticks. As soon
as the bunch and stalk are cut, up shoots
another and another. A dozen or more
suckers are at the same time produced so
that more and more may be planted. What
an active chemical laboratory this plant is
to form so much leaf and stalk and fruit
from soil and atmosphere in less than a
year!

It is a sight seldom forgotten to see
picturesque Indians in Central America
working in banana _ plantations where
the plants have met to form a forest-like
canopy. In Mexico there are young coffee
trees in the shade of these banana plants.
I have seen the semi-nude Karif women of

British Honduras meet the ship far from
shore with their dugouts loaded to the
gunwales with bananas.

PLANTING IN DEEP HOLES

But the most marvelous kind of banana
culture may be seen in the Bahamas, on the
Island of Eleuthera. Here there are deep
holes called ‘‘banana holes” some of which
are fifty or sixty or more feet in depth.
At the bottom of these holes is moist rich
earth. They are just like deep dry wells.
A banana root is planted in a basket of soil,
which is lowered with a rope to the bottom.
The root sprouts and the stem shoots up
like magic till it reaches the top of the hole.
Then the foliage spreads out in the sunshine
like flowers in a vase. There it grows and
forms its bunch protected from the wind
in the cool moist recesses of the hole. The
bunch is formed at the surface of the ground

A Cavendish banana (Musa Cavendishi). This
bunch will almost reach the ground when fully

developed

14

so that the enterprising native has but to pull
it over with boat or sponge hook, sever it
from the stalk with his machete, and walk
proudly home with a week’s provender for
himself and family on his head — a fitting
statue of man’s mastery over nature.

Little wonder that the native of the tropics
is a lover of leisure; little wonder that he
rests content in his palm-thatched hut amid
his beloved bananas.

A good papaw will bear a hundred or
more melon-like fruits, a fruit to the axil
of each leaf, ripe at the bottom and in all
stages of development up to the bloom.
The staminate and pistillate flowers are
usually on separate plants, and the fruit
varies a great deal in quality.

The fruit contains a large quantity of
black, peppery seeds which may be removed
en masse, as in the case of the cantaloup.
A good papaw, cold and treated with sugar
and limejuice, is relished by many people on
a par with a muskmelon. The seeds are
usually scattered in the midst of rubbish
during the rainy season. As soon as the
plants begin to bloom, all but one or two
staminate plants are destroyed. In the
course of a few months one may begin to
pick papaws every day or so.

Of course some people have to learn to
like them, but one lady that I know, of good
habits, will steal this fruit when buying and
begging fail. She has for the papaw the
same irresistible longing that the negro has
for the watermelon.

AN isl19 GARDEN MAGAZINE

Next in wonder to the prolific nature of
this fruit is the marvelous fact that it con-
tains a natural food-digester, a ferment now
famous the world over as a medicine. Under
various patent names it enters into the lists of
many drug firms. By means of it men have
already accumulated fortunes—not the
producer, but the manufacturer and ped-
dler who invent appealing names and have
them patented.

I have before me a sample bottle contain-
ing one hundred pills for twenty-five cents.
It is marked “‘Physician’s sample. Our own
preparation of the digestive juice of Carica
Papaya with willow charcoal.” It is also
marked a sure cure for dyspepsia or indiges-
tion. I have often wondered where all this
juice comes from. I have traveled in many
parts of the tropics, but have never seen or
heard of anybody collecting it, and the plant
will not grow north of the frost line.

How fortunate the dweller in the tropics!
If his meat is tough he can wrap it in papaw
leaves over night and it will be tender in the
morning. If his meal has disagreed with
him, he can step into his back yard and pick
and eat a papaw for dessert.

Both bananas and papaws, however, are
picked when full, but still green. This
must be done to save them from the rats and
birds. The tropical planter has bananas to
roast and bananas to fry, sweet bananas and
acid bananas, big bananas and little bananas,
yellow bananas and red bananas — inefact,
varieties galore.

AvuGcusT, 1910

ae ji :

“If his bananas are slow to ripen, he can
hurry the process by putting the bunch in
a barrel and filling the barrel with warm air
and smoke. This is easily done by turning
the barrel upside down, hanging the bunch
to a nail in the bottom which is now the top,
and building a small fire in the hole in the
earth under it.

In a native school in India I have been
told the pupils are fed almost exclusively
on bananas. Bananas must be had at all
times in proper condition. So they have a
trench in the earth arranged in such a way
that they can fill it with bananas, warm
air, and smoke at any time and thus hasten
the process of ripening.

The banana has been in a way the eman-
cipator of the tropics. In many instances
it has led the native out of thraldom. In
many places from which bananas are not
shipped he must work in the fields at a small
recompense. At banana ports he can
usually receive a cash payment for every
full bunch. With bananas to eat and
bananas to sell, the copper-colored native
can rest in his home-made hammock, thump
his home-made guitar, and smoke his home-_
made cigar with only one worry, and that is
that he might at any time be forced to serve
in the army of either the de facto or de jure
government, for the cause of liberty. Even
so he knows that the folks at home can live
on the bananas and papaws and other fruits
and vegetables growing in a semi-wild state
around his bungalow.

These two fruits mean more to the tropics than is usually realized.

They grow almost anywhere, without attention; the banana gives food in abundance
and the papaw is an unexcelled digestive

Vegetable Planting Table for the South’—Bys. Prentiss Baldwin, «:"

AN EXACT SCHEDULE OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FRESH VEGETABLES FROM NOVEMBER 1ST
TO MAY 1ST —SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO SOUTHERN ALABAMA, SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND UP TO SAVANNAH

A GREAT point to remember, in produc-

ing vegetables for winter, is, that as
the seed progresses, instead of increasing
daylight and increasing heat, the days are
growing shorter and the heat less, so that
the outdoor crops must reach approximate
maturity in November. They will make
little growth after that.

Another point is that we are near the edge
of the frost line, where one year we enjoy
summer weather and roses all winter, and
perhaps the next year experience severe
frosts. I have marked some vegetables
“Almost hardy,” those which may go
through a winter out-of-doors, but are much
more sure crops in cold-frames.

A third point is that most of the planting
must be done in the heat of August and
September, when the young seedlings should
be protected from much direct sun.

This table is based on the needs of ten
persons. From this the gardener may esti-

-mate, according to his special needs and

taste.

The distance apart for rows is based on
hand cultivation. If desired, all rows may
be three feet apart to permit horse culti-
vation. A small garden, very deeply culti-
vated and thoroughly enriched, will produce
better vegetables and is more easily cared for

WHERE AND WHEN TO PLANT

than a large area.
require a deep soil.

Buy the best seeds. Upon planting seeds,
whether outside or in flats, always protect
them from the sun until the plants appear.
Seeds need moisture and heat, to start, but
do not need sun. Boards may be laid over
the rows; paper, cloth, or other covering
used; and the same boards may be propped
up on the south side of the rows to shade
the young plants.

In this climate, many vegetables do better
if planted on low ridges or mounds a few
inches above the level to provide better drain-
age. Crops may be hastened by planting
on the south slope of ridges, a foot or more
high, or may be held back by planting on the
north slope.

An excellent plan for winter, to catch the
heat and hasten the crop and at the same
time furnish protection from frost and a
mulch between the rows, is as follows:

“Plant the row to run east and west,
then prop up a board on the north side of the
row at an angle of 45 degrees over the plants,
admitting the south sun. Another board
may lie flat between the rows, except when
frost threatens, when it should be tipped
up over the row against the north board,
making a complete frost-proof cover.”

Root crops, especially,

QUANTITY

Sufficient water, applied when needed,
is better than frequent small applications.
In hot weather, apply in the evening. In
cold weather, apply in the morning. Water
sparingly when cold delays growth.

To prevent injury from frost, liberal use
of cloth for covering should be made in
small, compact gardens. Smudge fires, of
pine covered with wet straw, may be main-
tained through the night and should con-
tinue until middle forenoon. Frosted plants
should be shaded from the sun in the morn-
ing, and be sprinkled with cold water. You
can be quite sure of frost coming when the
thermometer is down to 4o degrees and the
air clear and calm.

To adapt this table to use farther north
to Charleston will require little (if any)
change of time of planting, but more use of
cold-frames; and such vegetables as horse
radish, rhubarb, celery, and salsify, which
suffer much from heat, may be added to the
list.

A planting table can not be absolutely
true for everybody; but if you will set a stake
at the end of each row with the name and
date of planting and keep some memoran-
dum of results, you can easily correct the
schedule to suit your particular needs after
only one season of trial.

DIRECTIONS

Outside, March 1
Ready in 6 to 8 months

200-foot row

Outside December

300 plants

Ready in February
or March

Cold-frames or greenhouse

September 1, and every 2 weeks
thereafter

Ready 6 weeks

Outside September 1
Outside October 1

Ready g weeks

NAME VARIETY
Jerusalem arti-
choke

Asparagus Palmetto

Beans Valentine or
Refugee or
Golden Wax

Beets Eclipse or
Crimson Globe

Chard Lucullus

Brussels sprouts

Cold frame September 15

Seed-bed August 1
Transplant outside

100-foot row

200 plants

September 15
Ready 4 months

60-foot row each time

Hardy Perennial

Plant tubers 6 inches deep

Rows 5 feet apart; 2 feet apart in row

Light soil and sun

2 quarts tubers to 100 feet

Fine for soup or boiled and creamed, or
salad or pickles

Hardy

Plant 2-year roots

Rows 2 feet apart

8 inches deep ; 1 foot apart in row

Rich and moist mulch with manure all sum-
mer, salt well

Tender

Seeds 2 inches deep
Rows 14 feet apart

4 inches apart in row
Not too rich soil

I quart for 150 feet

too-foot row each time

Hardy

1 inch deep

Rows 1% feet apart

Thin to 4 inches apart
Deep soil, no fresh manure
I ounce to 50 feet

Soak seed over night

Almost hardy

Grow like beets

Use outside leaves, leaving crown to grow
Use for greens, or leaf stalks like asparagus

Hardy
Seeds 4 inch deep
Rows 2 feet apart

1% feet apart in row
Cultivate like cabbage
t packet of seed enough

*The author wishes to make acknowledgments to Mr. W. Velvick and Mr. F. Jenkins, both of whom have had long, successful experience in Southern Georgia.

15

16 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE AucustT, 1910

VEGETABLE PLANTING TABLE FOR THE SOUTH — Continued

NAME VARIETY WHERE AND WHEN TO PLANT QUANTITY DIRECTIONS
Cabbage Wakefield or Seed-bed August 15 200 plants Hardy
Savoy or Transplant outside Seeds 4 inch deep
Winningstadt September 15 Plants: Rows 3 feet apart; 14 feet apart in row
Ready 4 months Moist, manure and cultivate well
1 packet of seed enough
Set plants deep

Cauliflower Early Snowball or Seed-bed September 1 200 plants Almost hardy
Dwarf Erfurt Transplant to cold frames Octo- Seed $ inch deep; plant rows 2 feet apart
ber 1 1% feet apart in row
Ready 4 months Moist, rich and manure
I packet of seed enough
Blanch heads by tying up
Collards Cultivate like cabbage A non-heading cabbage
not equal to it in quality
Carrots Half Long or : Outside August 15 100-foot row each time Hardy
Long Orange Outside October 1 % inch deep
Ready 12 to 15 weeks Rows 14 feet apart; 4 inch apart in row

I ounce for 200 feet
Seed slow to start

Cucumber English Telegraph Greenhouse, September 15 5 plants each time Tender
Greenhouse, October 15 1 inch deep; 5 feet apart; x ounce for 50 hills
Greenhouse, November 15 Moist, rich
Greenhouse, December 15 Pinch out main stem when 2 feet long. Pinch
Day heat, 85 degrees out side branches at 6 or 8 feet. Leave
Night heat, 65 degrees only 3 side branches to a plant and only
Ready 6 to 8 weeks half the fruit
Do not fertilize blossoms
Cress (Water) Outside in water Hardy
September 1 Sow in quiet pool near running water
Ready 3 months Start seed on mud, then flood 3 inches deep
I packet of seed enough
Endive Green Curled or Outside, September 1 1oo-foot row Hardy
Self-blanching Outside or in cold- % inch deep; rows 14 feet apart
° frames November 1 Thin to ro inches apart in row
Ready 3 months Light, rich soil, deep

I ounce for roo feet
Can transplant like lettuce
Tie up heads for blanching 2 weeks before use

Eggplant Round Purple Greenhouse, August 15 30 plants Very tender
Dry heat, day, go degrees % inch deep
Dry heat, night, 65 degrees 2 feet apart
Ready 4 to 5 months Rich and moist

1 packet of seed enough
Blossoms should be fertilized by hand

Kale Dwarf Scotch or Seed-bed August 15 200 plants Hardy
Tall Scotch Set outside, September 15 3 inch deep
Start some September 15 Rows 14 feet apart
Set outside October 1 foot apart in row
Ready 3 to 4 months Deep sand and mold
I ounce to 200 feet
When top is cut off for use, side shoots will
start
Kohlrabi Early Vienna Outside, October 1 200-foot row Hardy
Ready 2 to 3 months. % Inch deep

Rows 1% feet apart

6 inches apart in row

1 ounce for 150 feet
Grow and use like turnip

Lettuce May King or Seed-bed September 15 50 plants each time Almosi hardy
California Butter or and every 2 weeks after 4 inch deep
Boston Market Transplant into cold frames 6 inches apart each way

Light rich soil
r ounce for 2000 plants

Muskmelon English: Sutton’s Ar Greenhouse, August 15 30 plants Tender
Sutton’s Emerald Gem Dry heat, day, 90 degrees 1 inch deep; hills 5 feet apart
Dry heat, night, 70 degrees Manure
Ready 4 to 5 months Light soil

I ounce for 50 hills
Blossom to be fertilized by hand. Pinch
off tip of vine when first blossoms come

Onions Prizetaker or Outside, seed July 1 Hardy
Multiplier or Outside, sets September 1 Seed 4 inch deep; sets 2 inch deep
Globe Ready 4 to 5 months Rows 14 feet apart
Sets ready 2 months Moist, rich soil and sun

I ounce seed for 150 feet
I quart sets for 100 feet

AvuaustT, 1910

Parsley

Parsnip

Peas

Potato

Sweet potato

Peanuts

Radish

Salsify

Spinach

Strawberries

Tomato

Turnip

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

17

VEGETABLE PLANTING TABLE FOR THE SOUTH — Continued

VARIETY

WHERE AND WHEN TO PLANT

Sweet Spanish or
Sweet Mountain

Hollow Crown

Nott’s Excelsior

Gradus or

Tom Thumb

Extra Early (Smooth
varieties)

Marrowfat

Irish Cobbler, or other

earlies

Yellow Yam or
Georgia Yam

Virginia or
Georgia

French Breakfast or
Scarlet Turnip

Sandwich Island

Viroflay

New Zealand

Lady Thompson or
Hefflin or Hoffman

Beauty or
Perfection

Early Milan

Greenhouse, August 1

Moist heat, day, go degrees
Moist heat, night, 70 degrees
Ready 4 months

Outside, September 1
Soak seeds over night
Ready 2 months

QUANTITY

DIRECTIONS

30 plants

Tender

Seeds 4 inch deep

2 feet apart

1 packet seed enough
Need not fertilize blossoms

30-foot row

Hardy

4 inch deep

Rows 14 feet apart

I packet seed enough
Seeds slow to start

Outside, September 1

In cold frames

September 15 and every 2 weeks

Ready 2 to 3 months

Outside same dates (always an un-
certain crop)

Outside, December 1 (more
hardy, less quality)

200 feet

Hardy

+ inch deep

3 inches apart in row; rows 14 feet apart
Seeds slow to start

Rich, deep soil

r ounce for 200 feet

75-foot row each time

Almost hardy

4 inches deep
Rows 2 feet apart
Moist, not too rich
Soak over night

I pint to roo feet

Outside, August 1
for new potatoes all winter
Ready 3 months

Bed thickly in March

Transplant the sprouts outside
May 1 ;

Ready 6 months

Outside, April 1

4 acre

% acre

Hardy

Plant whole

Rows 3 feet apart

1 foot apart in row
Moist, light, rich

8 bushels per acre

Very deep sand

Rows 3 feet apart

2 feet apart in row

3 pounds to roo-foot row

Ready 6 months

Dig as wanted through the winter

Shell before planting

Outside, October 1

Outside, October 15

Outside, November 1

Cold frames November 1 and every
ten days

Ready 6 weeks

15-foot row each time

Outside, August 1 and September
(A difficult crop in the South)
Ready 5 months

Outside, September 1
Outside, October 1
Outside, November 1
(doubtful crop)
Cold frame, September 1
(A sure abundant product all win-
ter)

Transplant every year
in October
Ready in February or March

Greenhouse, August 15
Greenhouse, September 15
Greenhouse, October 15
Ready 4 months

200-foot row

75-foot row each time

1oo-foot row

200 plants

3 inches deep
Hills 2 feet apart
Light, deep soil

Hardy

% inch deep

Rows 8 inches apart

I ounce to 100-foot row

Hardy

4 inch deep

Rows 14 feet apart

4 inches apart in row
Water freely

Almost hardy

1 inch deep

Rows 1% feet apart
3 inches apart in row
1 ounce for 150 feet

Hardy

Rows 2 feet apart

1 foot apart in row
Rich sandy loam
Mulch in summer

No stable manure
Confine to single crowns

25 plants each time

Outside, October 1
Ready 2 to 3 months

1oo-foot row

Tender

3 inch deep

1% feet apart

1 packet of seed enough
Pinch out tips at desired heigh:
Pinch out all side shoots
Fertilize blossom by hand

Hardy
+ inch deep

Rows 14 feet apart; 3 inches apart in row
1 ounce for 200 feet

Moist and rich

The Carolina poplars were too large when planted, and they are too close together

Catalpa speciosa grows quickly and has showy flowers.

Good for narrow streets

City

What Chicago is Doing for its ‘Trees—By J. H. Prost, sts

HOW ONE MAN HAS AROUSED THE INDIVIDUAL CITIZEN TO ACTION AND TO AN APPRECIATION OF
WHAT TREE PLANTING MEANS TO THE CITY’S BEAUTY AND HEALTH— TREES THAT WILL THRIVE

[Epitor’s Notre. — As a result of a movement instituted by the Chicago’s Woman Club, an ordinance to provide for “‘the planting, preservation,

control and culture of trees and shrubbery in the public ‘streets’ was adopted by the Chicago City Council.
appointed forester, the first city official of the kind in the Middle West.
population, with no money to spend and no assistants, as the city refuses to appropriate any money for his department.
done great things, by teaching; he gives up his evenings to delivering free lectures anywhere the people show a desire to listen to him.
accomplished under this peculiar condition is worth the telling, and is best heard in his own words.

and the lessons learned in Chicago will be of help elsewhere. ]

WE ARE bringing the garden’s beauty

back to our city! Chicago’s motto
is Urbs in horto—a city in a garden —
but this motto has not been lived up to.
Of late, I have spread constantly the slogan
“Plant a tree.” As a result, uniform plant-
ing of shade-trees has been done on a number
of streets where previously the children

played on dusty pavements with no shade
except that furnished by grimy buildings.
Forty neighborhood improvement associa-
tions have taken up the work, and a desire for
betterment of home surroundings has spread
rapidly, being most marked — strange as
it may seem — in districts where the people
have only moderate means. In some neigh-

The city ordinances permit the planting of only one kind of tree in one street.

The American elm, one

of the very best trees for the Middle West

18

In May, 1909, Mr. J. H. Prost was

He occupies the unique position of keing city forester for a city of over two millions

Yet, with this handicap, he has
What he has

The problem in any large city is much like that of another,

borhoods the only way in which tree-planting
could be secured was by raising money by
subscription among the well-to-do. The city
plants nothing.

One of the greatest obstacles to new plant-
ing is the great number of dead trees, more
than 3,000 by actual count being found in
the streets. In addition, there are thousands
partly dead and badly in need of attention.
These dead, dying, and unsightly trees con-
tinually evoke criticism.

When one realizes that the elements
entering into the wholesale killing of trees
never had been thoroughly investigated
or systematically remedied, the magnitude
of the task of the city forester can be appre-
ciated. Most of the residents want trees,
but believe it is useless to plant them. It
is hard to overcome this prejudice; but
property owners, after they have seen trees
growing two or three seasons, are ready
to believe planting can be done successfully,
and are glad to seek the information. Pam-
phlets, lectures, and personal solicitation —
all are employed to further the work.

Previous lack of municipal control has per-
mitted citizens to use trees for hitching-posts
and horse-feed, and mutilate them beyond
repair. In many cases large roots have been
cut off in laying curbing, sidewalks, and pave-
ments or in excavating for service pipes.
These trees were left without proper trim-
ming of the top to balance loss of root.
Another mutilation is “butchering” done by
men ignorant of the principles governing
tree growth. Whole avenues of valuable
trees have been ruined in this way. Many
other trees are injured by charged electric

0 ee Aa

AuGcustT, 1910

light and trolley wires, the current killing
part or all of branch or trunk.

Leaking of gas is a source of constant
trouble. This killed one tree in three weeks.
Specimens affected by small quantities of
gas will begin to die from the top, and the
extent of dead wood increases annually.
Where large quantities escape, the tree may
be defoliated in two weeks. Whenever a
a tree appears to be affected in this man-
ner the forester digs a hole, and, if he dis-
covers gas, requires the lighting company to
stop the leak. If destruction has not gone
too far, the tree may be saved, but generally
it is too late. No remedy is known.

In urging tree-planting, I distribute
pamphlets giving twelve reasons for the
improvement:

Trees are beautiful in form and color,
inspiring a constant appreciation of nature.

Trees enhance the beauty of architecture.

Trees create sentiment, love of country,
city, state, and home..

Trees have an educational influence upon
citizens of all ages, especially children.

Trees encourage outdoor life.

Trees purify the air.

Trees cool the air in summer and radiate
warmth in winter.

Trees improve climate, conserve soil and
moisture.

Trees furnish a resting-place and shelter
for birds.

Trees increase the value of real estate.

Trees counteract adverse conditions of
city life.

One well-planted tree in front of a resi-
dence adds beauty to it, even though the
home may be elaborately designed; while all
the unsightly features of a house may be
screened from view by proper planting.

A permit from the city forester must be
secured before any parkway tree is cut down
or injured in any way, and it is forbidden to
fasten any rope, wire, sign, poster, or hand-
bill to a tree. Guards must be placed around
trees during building operations, and
specimens in places subject to injury also
must be protected. Likewise, a permit

Make the

Proper planting means a great deal.
hoie Jarger than the roots actually need

ay Es

GARDEN

A legacy from before the days of city control. Muti-
lation of trees by public service linemen

must be secured from the city forester before
a tree may be planted in the streets, and the
distance apart is regulated by city ordinance;
he also has power to specify what trees shall
be planted. This secures a uniform avenue
effect and prevents incongruous planting.

It has been one of my aims to interest
teachers and school children. I believe this
work has saved hundreds of trees from
injury. The teachers are arousing the
interest of the pupils in trees, shrubs, and
flowers, teaching them to recognize the more
common species.

A fact that has not been emphasized suf-
ficiently is that the death-rate among children
is diminished where the intense heat of the
summer months is mitigated by the evapora-
tion of large quantities of water from the
surface of the leaves of trees. Street trees
help to keep the dust and bacterial impurities
from being carried into the homes. It may
be poor landscape-gardening, but I commend
the idea, which is very popular in many sec-
tions of Chicago, of planting shrubbery in
front of the windows to keep out some of the
dust.

A query that I am called upon to answer
almost every day is, “‘What kind of a tree
shall I plant?” To this I invariably answer,
do not plant any fast-growing, short-lived,
soft-wooded tree. It isn’t worth while.
Because oaks in Chicago or other cities have
been gradually dying out, and other hard-
wood trees have not grown well in some local-
ities, is not evidence they will not grow.
They have suffered from unnatural condi-
tions and lack of proper care. The fact
that they have grown up to new is proof
that they will thrive under favorable con-
ditions. ‘These old trees were planted before
any street improvements had been made.
They developed a sprawly root system,
unsuited for the confinement to which their
roots are subjected in the present parkways
of any large city, yet we see these grand trees
tenaciously struggling for existence.

The choice of the tree to be set out should
be governed by the best variety that is in the
majority along any particular street; the
vain desire to outdo a neighbor should not
enter into the selection.

MAGAZINI

19

In Chicago the general idea is to plant
no tree smaller than two and one-half inches
in diameter at a foot above the ground.
While it is advisable to make that the
maximum size, the advantage of smaller
trees lies in the fact that they take root
quickly, readily adapt themselves to new
conditions, are always sure to grow, develop
rapidly and into better form, cost less,
and can be replaced quickly and transplanted
safely. Cutting back smaller trees at the
time of planting does not destroy their future
form.

The qualities which make the best street

‘tree are ability to endure the unnatural

conditions of city life, immunity from in-
sects and fungous pests, beauty of form and
color, suitability to the architecture and
character of the street, shade-producing
qualities, retention of foliage until late in the
fall, and autumn coloring.

A thorough study of avenue and lawn trees
in several cities has been conducted by the
Chicago Department of Forestry. Following
is a list of the best city street trees:

AMERICAN ELM (Ulmus Americana). In
localities where soil and atmosphere con-
ditions are good
this tree should be
planted fifty feet
apart, in less favor-
able localities forty
feet apart; should
be confined to wide
streets.

SUGAR OR HARD
MAPLE (Acer sacc-
harum). A hard-
wood tree, not
readily susceptible
to insect and fun-
gous diseases, ex-
ceedingly good;
dense, dignified top,
grows rapidly in
good soil, but does
not thrive on heavy
clay. Plant forty
feet apart.

SILVER MAPLE
(Acer saccharinum).
Rapid grower;
splendid branches;
should be used only
on wide streets;
forty feet apart;
grows in almost any
soil. A soft-wood
tree, it is unable to
withstand wind and
snow-storms, and is
susceptible to in-
sect and fungous
diseases. For these
reasons must be
planted sparingly.

NORWAY MAPLE
(Acer platanoides).
Resembles sugar
maple; one of the
best: should be
placed forty feet
apart; develops

Tree guards are essen-

tial in city streets. Let
them be strong but light
and unobtrusive

20

dense, spreading head and deep root system,
and would do better were it not for the
smoky atmosphere and clay soil.

WHITE ASH (Fraxinus Americana). Suit-
able for streets of medium width; plant forty
feet apart; grows rapidly; will thrive in
rather poor soil; becomes straggly, drops its
leaves badly during the summer, is attacked
by borers and scale insects, and lacks grace
of form during the winter.

AMERICAN and ORIENTAL SYCAMORES (7/at-
anus occidentalis and orientalis). Beautitul,
majestic street trees. The American is the
taller, and the Oriental the broader. Both are
rugged in appearance, and especially suitable
along broad avenue. The Oriental is the
better for smoky localities, but is not hardy
in the Middle West. It is difficult to dis-
tinguish between the two when young.

AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN LINDENS (Tilia
Americana and platyphyllos). Both stately
trees, growing rapidly and forming round
heads of dense foliage. The American has
the larger leaves. Should be planted forty
feet apart; it is seriously affected by cater-
pillars. The European is a slow grower and
unreliable.

PIN OAK (Quercus palustris). Rapidly com-
ing into popularity. Suitable for streets of
medium width; should be planted forty feet
apart. Grows slowly at first.

RED OAK (Quercus rubra). Durable, beau-
tiful native trees, beset by few enemies; plant
forty feet apart. Grows faster than any other
street trees. Deserves wide planting.

HONEY Locust (Gleditschia triacanthos).
Fine street tree of rapid growth, suitable for
a narrow Street, and can be planted thirty-five
to forty feet apart; forms graceful, rather
loose head, with delicate pinnate foliage.
Vigorous; grows in almost any soil.

AILANTHUS (Adlanthus glandulosa). Flour-
ishes in most barren soil and amid the

Country Flowers for City Folks—By Katherine Paul, %

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

worst smoke and dust. On sand it becomes
a tree, but on clay it remains a shrub. Try
this where nothing else will grow. Root
suckers must be kept down. Plant only
the seed-bearing form.

HAcCKBERRY (Celtis occidentalis). Looks
like the elm; very shapely, grows rather
rapidly and will flourish even on rocky
ground. Plant forty feet apart on streets
of medium width. Subject to borers and
fungous diseases.

WESTERN CATALPA (Catalpa speciosa).
Suitable for narrow streets, planted thirty feet
apart. Has proved a very good tree for the
poorer districts; grows quickly and has a
picturesque, spreading head; large foliage
and beautiful flowers.

HorsE CHESTNUT (disculus Hippocas-
tanum). Not a long-lived tree and is badly
infested with leaf-eating insects and mildew;
loses its foliage early; has showy flowers,
but is always littering the ground.

Poprars. Should be planted thirty feet
apart and confined to narrow streets in
localities where soil and atmospheric con-
ditions are poor; serve best when planted
for temporary effect with the view of remoy-
ing them later; poplars give streets a look of
cheapness.

WILLOWS, COTTONWOODS, and BOX ELDERS
are planted frequently, but are altogether
undesirable as street trees. The wood is
tender, the twigs die readily, the leaves fall
early, and all are very subject to insect pests.

A few points to be observed in planting
trees in city streets are:

1. Trees are best when nursery-grown.

2. Nothing larger than seedlings should be
transplanted from the woods.

3. A tree two inches in diameter, meas-
ured one foot from the ground, is large.
enough.

4. Trees should have a compact root sys-

AveustT, 1910

tem, straight main trunk, and well-balanced
top.

5. The lower branches should be trimmed
to a height of seven feet from the ground.

6. Trees should be free from fungous and
insect diseases.

7. The holes should be larger than actually
required to accommodate the root system.

8. Plant with as large root system as
possible.

g. Prevent drying, sunburn, or freezing
the tree of the exposed roots.

to. Plant at the same depth and with the
same exposure as the tree formerly had.

11. Trim off all torn and broken roots
before planting.

12. Plant no trees closer together than
twenty-five feet.

13. Arrange the roots to spread naturally
in loose soil.

14. Tamp the soil well about the roots.

15. Water the young trees freely, especially
during June, July, and August. Give one
or two thorough soakings each week.

16. Keep the soil around young trees well
cultivated.

17. A serviceable and strong tree- guard
should be placed around each tree.

I have found the planting of trees and
shrubbery has added greatly to the value and
selling quality of property. Buildings which,
without trees and shrubbery, were a drug on
the market have found ready buyers as soon as
the vegetation developed. Trees and shrtb-
bery also increase the renting value of prop-
erty, and many landlords have told me that
they would do extensive planting next season.

On one avenue six hundred trees and
twelve hundred shrubs were planted under
city supervision, at a cost of $1,000. Similar
work is developing in other streets. Hun-
dreds of smaller plantings have been made
from plans furnished by this office.

New

AN ORGANIZED SYSTEM OF COLLECTING THE SURPLUS PRODUCTS OF COUNTRY GARDENS AND DISTRIB-
UTING THEM TO THE CITY TENEMENTS AND HOSPITALS—MAKING GARDENS IN UNLIKELY QUARTERS

SE ee years ago a lady was
visiting a country estate just outside
New York City. The unintentional (and un-
avoidable) waste on
the place impressed
her strongly, and,
upon talking the
matter over with
other women, she
found an eagerness
to codperate in any
plan by which this
surplus could be used
to meet the equally
pitiful necessity of
the near-by city. Six
of the leading express
companies of the
United States agreed
to transport free any
package containing

flowers, fruit, plants, or vegetables, not
weighing more than 20 pounds, for a dis-
tance not exceeding 10oo miles from its

Growing plants are used for a hospital roof-garden

starting point; and a special label, indorsed
by the respective presidents of these express
companies, was issued. ‘This magical label
has, in its seventeen
years of existence,
carried five million
bunches of flowers
and many thousand
bushels of fruit and
vegetables to the
poor of the great
cities. Need you ask,
“Ts it worth while?”
No matter whether
your city is on the
Pacific coast, or on
the border of the
Great Lakes, or in
the Eastern States,
the big yellow paster
will carry, free of

AvcusT, 1910

TH Ee GAR DE N

MAGAZINE

The redemption of a back yard! See the striking difference brought about by the use of a few plants

charge, your good-will-offering to those
who need. All you have to do is to
write to the National Plant, Flower and
Fruit Guild, and details of the system will
be sent to you.

How are the plants used? To start new
gardens in old places, or to renew the
window-boxes furnished by the city branches
to the tenement dwellers. No fewer than
six thousand little window gardens have
been sent to dingy tenement homes by the
New York City Branch during the past six
years, and the touch of green in the crowded
districts is most refreshing to the toilers of
the big city.

A back-yard garden is a rare sight in old
“Greenwich Village” — a part of New York
City where tall warehouses obscure the
sunshine that tries to creep in— but the
guild found a space last summer, a space
filled with the accumulated rubbish of years.
When its possibilities were
pointed out, willing hands
dug and spaded the
ground, filled in the new
soil provided by the Park
Commissioner, and by the
middle of July the trans-
formation was complete,
and the green back yard
with its gay geraniums and
nodding morning-glories
proved a grateful resting-
place for the people of the
neighborhood. Its com-
mercial value was less than
the cost of a fashionable
hat, but its moral value is
hard to estimate. From
the ten cents’ worth of
morning-glory seed planted
in 1909, a half-pound box
was sent to the guild this
year for “the other people
who want a garden.” Did
the investment pay?

On the top of a six-
story tenement the guild
helped one woman start
her garden. Lard-pails,

flower-pots, boxes from the corner grocery,
and abandoned kitchen utensils were all
pressed into service and filled with blos-
soming plants— some indeed raised from
seed eight years in succession. The
woman and her husband, unable to afford
the ordinary amusements of a large city,
sat night after night enjoying the beauty
and fragrance of this improvised roof-
garden, and not a disgruntled neighbor
complained.

Realizing the help of growing things for
the little sick children of a Day Camp, the
guild placed a garden of gay flowers on
the roof of a big hospital where the young-
sters are making a brave fight against the
“white plague.” And the taking of an
enforced afternoon nap is made more
pleasant.

Do you not want to share in the message
hidden deep in the petals of the country

A city roof-garden offers recreation without the expense of travel

flowers sent in each day by the country
branches? Won’t you, in your place ’midst
green woods and fields — where perhaps
the apples are rotting on the ground and
flowers wasting in the greenhouses— make
use of the guild and its system to send your
surplus to those who have not? Won’t you
start a country branch, with boys and girls
as well as grown-up members? You will
find the youngsters eager to share the plenty
of the country with the starving waifs of the
near-by city.

The guild can do much for you and your
children. It can foster the spirit of giving,
which, after all, is better than the joy of
receiving. The two youngsters who send,
once a week from their father’s big estate
at Tuxedo Park a box of flowers gathered
and packed by their own childish fingers,
to the crippled children of a lower East Side
school, receive as great a benefit as the little
folks who enjoy the dainty
nosegays. Two women of
the small village who share
their tiny garden produce
with the poor of a neigh-
boring city get a real satis-
faction in the knowledge
that their “mite” helps
some one else.

During the year 1909
the surplus of 125 gardens,
amounting to some 5,000
bunches of flowers, 600
bushels of fruit and vege-
tables, 10,000 packages of
seeds and bulbs, and 25,000
plants was distributed to
the less fortunate ones of
the big cities through the
medium of this association,
and fully two-thirds of
this was sent into New
York City itself. It is pro-
posed to double the figures
this year—with your help;
and practically the only
cost is the trouble of pack-
ing and sending. The
“free label” does the rest.

Sow Pansies Now for Spring Bloom—By John Gérard, sz

[Epvrror’s Nore. — The author of this article has indulged in raising fine pansies as a hobby for nearly forty years.

success is told below.]

ie YOU want to have pansies blooming

early next spring, you must sow the
seed now — July and August. There is no
other way unless you rely on cuttings, but
that is troublesome. There is no other
early spring flower that gives such an abun-
dance of bloom, such a blaze of color, and
such a variety of hues. For bedding pansies
are unequaled, and, for cut flowers used
in flat dishes, are not to be despised. I have
made a hobby of growing pansies now for
nearly forty years, and have tried every known
strain and type, and I tell you that any
one can grow pansies if he will. They are
among the simplest of all garden plants, and
quite hardy. Buy highly-bred imported seed
by preference, if you want the best flowers
true to type. The reason why home-grown
seed is not equal to the imported is this:
The best seed is produced from the crown
flowers or first perfect blossoms. In our hot
climates the seed-pod formed from the crown
blossom bursts before the seed has had
time to properly develop.

Success in pansy culture depends to a
large extent upon the way the seedlings have
been treated in the seed-bed. For one ounce
of seed make a frame twelve feet long, six
feet wide, and ten inches deep, and for every
tooo seeds allot a space of 3x3 ft. Select

Pansies are the showiest flowers of early spring.

a sunny position, provide good drainage,
and make the surface of the seed-bed five
inches above the surrounding surface. Avoid
fresh manure, using new soil mixed with a
rich compost. The very bestis decayed turf
from a sandy loam. Rake fine and level.
Soak the bed with boiling water so as to
kill all insects, worms, and weeds, allow the
surface to dry, and rake over fine.

Sow the seeds on the surface from July
roth to August 25th. Cover them with sand
to a depth of one-eighth inch, and dust over
the surface of the sand four ounces of pow-
dered sulphur to every seventy-two square
feet, or half an ounce for the 3 x 3 ft. space.
The sulphur will prevent mildew during the
five or six days of dark covering, and will
prevent the seedlings from damping off.
Press lightly, and give the surface a light
watering of cold water. Cover the bed,
making it totally dark and water-proof, and
do not water again until the seeds come up.

In five or six days, or as soon as the plants
commence to break through the soil, remove
the dark covering. Then cover the bed with
two thicknesses of black cotton mosquito net-
ting, using poultry netting for support. This
is done to make the seed-bed insect-proof,
and to furnish shade; and, in case of heavy
rain or hail, will protect the tender seedlings.

The plants are perfectly hardy and only ask protection from excessive heat to flourish.

The sum of his experience in the way to insure

Water daily through the netting, but do
not remove it until the seedlings are large
enough to transplant — that is, from five to
six weeks after sowing, or as soon as they
have made two perfect leaves. Transplant
to rich soil, using well-decayed manure.
Put the plants 4 x 4 in. for commercial pur-
poses, for garden growth 6x6 in., and for
exhibition blooms 8 x 8 in.

Pansies are perfectly hardy, and can be
wintered in frames covered with cotton cloth
on a poultry netting support. The only
object in using glass is to get them in
bloom early in spring. Pansies that are
intended to be wintered under cotton
cloth or to be wintered without any pro-
tection should be sown about July t1oth
and not later than July 25th. These
dates will give the best results for the New
England States.

It is a waste of time and money to
sow pansy seeds in the spring. The best
blossoming period in a violet-house is
from December to March, and, in frames
or in beds, March, April, May, and
June. After July rst the plants have lost
all their beauty and should be dug up.
Pansies that are intended for winter forcing
should be disbudded and not allowed to
blossom until December rst, and during the

%

Sow seeds of the

best strains in July or August and have a show like this next march

22

AvGeustT, 1910

blossoming period should be fed with liquid
manure. Plant 6 x 6 in., in rich soil, not less
than seven inches deep. Give them a night
temperature from 4o to 55 degrees. Pansies
require a very rich, sandy loam — it cannot
be made any too rich — and an abundance
of water during the growing season.

Based on thirty-eight years of experience,
I think the two best strains of pansies,
either for commercial use or for gardens,
are as follows:

For forcing during winter in a violet-house

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

or for exhibition bed: Vilmorin Boulogne
Giant Five Blotched excels all other strains.
It is of robust constitution and free flowering.
The flowers, of the most vivid colors that
exist in pansies, and measure two and
three-quarter inches across, carried erect
above the foliage on heavy stems seven inches
in length. This strain will blossom thirteen
weeks after sowing, and can be wintered in
a frame with the protection of cotton cloth.

For hardiness, freedom of bloom, compact
and robust growth, the Peerless Hybrid

The “Acid Soil” Bugaboo!—By J. A.

NEW LIGHT ON AN OLD FALLACY THAT WORRIES THE GARDENER WITHOUT REASON

ee statement has been frequently made,

both orally and in print, that the gar-
dener, farmer, or the teacher in a rural school
should“ get a little litmus paper and test the
soil for acidity.”” This advice has been given
by so many people whose authority upon
other lines than soil investigation is unim-
peachable that it is necessary to call some
attention to the limitations and deficiencies
of such a test. In the first place, acidity
is not necessarily harmful; indeed, an “acid
condition of the soil’ is beneficial to certain
crops; second, acidity of the soil is of no
material influence on the majority of other
crops; and, third, it is definitely harmful
only to one great group, the legumes.

Soils declared to be “‘acid” by the major-
ity of ‘‘testers” are distinctly favorable to the
production of Irish potatoes of the highest
quality and in good quantity. Many
grasses, like timothy, red-top, brome-grass,
and the fescues, thrive in an acid soil. Even
Kentucky blue grass will do well upon soils
which are not distinctly alkaline.

One fact is incontestable, however, that the
leguminous crops—such as the clovers,
alfalfa, peas, beans, and peanuts — are
usually grown to the best advantage upon
soils which are naturally alkaline to a faint
degree, or which have been limed. Yet
the alsike and white clovers will grow and
thrive upon soils which most tests would
indicate to be “acid.”

Chemical acids can be added to the soil
upon which wheat, oats, or barley is being
grown to amounts greater than are usually
encountered in any soil, and not infrequently
the growth of the crops will be stimulated
and not retarded.

Thus the so-called ‘“‘acidity”’ of soils is
rather overfeatured in current soil dis-
cussion.

K-ven if there were any great need for the
universal determination of the ‘“‘acidity”
or alkalinity of soils, the proposed litmus test
would not furnish the necessary information.

A soil might become acid from a variety
of reasons. In the first place, all soils
contain in their included atmosphere a con-
siderable proportion of carbon dioxide.
This, in the presence of the soil moisture,
becomes a weak solution of carbonic acid.

When a sample of soils is moistened and the
litmus paper is pressed into it, nearly go per
cent. of all samples will show a faint acid
reaction, as evinced by the red tinge given to
the litmus.

The carbon dioxide is an essential part of
the soil atmosphere and very necessary to
the growth of the plants. It could not be
eliminated from the soil even if that were
desirable, since the growing plants and the
rainwater are renewing the supply contin-
ually. It would require constant attention
with a lime sprinkler to eliminate it from the
soil or to neutralize it.

Other acids are being continually formed
more or less by the decay of old organic
matter in the soil. This is also necessary
and inevitable. These acids may accumu-
late in swamps or even in some upland soils.
The processes of decay which give rise to
them are some of the most necessary in the
economics of soil sanitation. The acids
which are thus given off are of indefinite
or unknown composition, and their effects
upon soils and upon plant growth are little
understood. They seem to be necessary
to soil formation and renewal. They would
be shown by the litmus test, and their mean-
ing could not possibly be foretold from it.

A very few soil minerals, particularly the
sulphides of iron, will decompose so as to give
rise to free mineral acids. These are not
infrequently harmful Where there is any
large supply of the original material. They
occur, chiefly, in poorly drained bottom
lands, and are rarely of any great areal
extent.

Thus ‘‘acidity”” may arise from a variety
of causes, some of which might be harmful,
but many of which are beneficial to plant
growth and necessary to the proper func-
tioning of the soils.

As to the litmus test for soil acidity under
ordinary conditions, little can be said in its
favor, and much against it. It is scarcely
possible in the majority of cases to determine
by the use of litmus paper in contact with the
soil whether the soil is acid or not.

’ The litmus paper is merely a cellular,
fibrous material for absorbing the blue salt
of the litmus dye. Litmus itself is red and
possesses a weakly acid character. Now the

Bonsteel,

23

Giant of Switzerland is well named. The
flowers have a wide range of colors, a large
percentage are marked with three and five
blotches; they measure three inches across,
and are gracefully carried above the foliage
on heavy, stiff stems six inches in length.
This strain will stand a temperature of 20
degrees below zero without any protection,
although a light covering will be beneficial
to keep the ground from freezing and thaw-
ing. The plants will blossom twelve weeks
after sowing.

Bureau of Soils, U.S.
Dept. of Agriculture

soil is also a cellular body capable of a high
degree of absorption. As a result, when the
dyed paper is put into the moist soil there is
a conflict as to which shall secure the red
dye stuff, and which the base that makes the
dye blue. In many cases, the soil wins.
The blue litmus is usually the sodium salt
of the red dye and it comes in contact with
the soil moisture and is hydrolized. Then
the base is absorbed by the soil and the acid
by the paper. This simply shows which has
the greater attraction for the dye, paper or
soil, and does not show whether there is any
real soil acidity or not.

The same reaction may be secured by
wrapping the litmus paper in absorbent cot-
ton, moistening with distilled water which
has been freed of carbonic-acid gas, and
allowing the paper and the cotton to remain
in close contact for a few minutes. The
paper will turn red by selective absorption,
proclaiming the cotton to be “‘acid,” and all
of the time you know it is not!

The danger of a wrong conclusion based
upon the litmus “test” is thus very great.
Under average conditions neither the gar-
dener, nor the farmer, nor the teacher would
derive any information about the real con-
dition of the soil. This kind of testing has
resulted in the wrong conclusion that the
vast majority of soils are acid, a statement
very far from the facts.

There can be no short cut, no handy
method for making the determination of the
acidity or alkalinity of the soil.

The real reaction of a soil can be deter-
mined in a well-equipped laboratory by a
competent analyst who will secure the water
extract of the soil, eliminate the carbonic
acid gas reaction, and then treat the solution
with the sensitive phenol-phthalein which is
used for determining not only the qualitative
reaction, but also as an indicator of the
quantitative acidity of the soil solution.
Even when this has been properly done
there is need for the interpretation of the
results into terms of farm practice. For
this the cause of the acidity must be known
and its probable effect upon plants of dif-
ferent kinds.

Let us leave the litmus paper in the
laboratory, where it belongs.

California from an Eastern Viewpoint—By Charles E. Jenney,

Cali-
fornia

STRIKING DIFFERENCES IN THE KINDS OF FRUIT THAT ARE GROWN—WHAT IS MOST MISSED AND
THE COMPENSATIONS — THE NEW USES TO WHICH SOME OF THE FAVORITES OF THE EAST ARE PUT

bea you go to California for the
winter and gradually realize that
you are settling there for life, you retain
many of the old homing instincts, and fam-
iliar landscapes take on ideal beauties when
contrasted with the rugged mountains or
barren plains of nearer view. ‘‘They do
these things better in the East” is the phrase
you are constantly using, till some newer
arrival takes up the tune and harps upon it
too.

The climatic conditions of California are
similar to the desert regions of Asiatic Tur-
key, Arabia, and sections of the Sahara. It
is this that has brought the section into
prominence as the greatest natural fruit-
drying country in the world. All kinds of
fruit dry naturally in the sun without artificial

quin — good apples are not in evidence. I
have raised some of those Australian apples
—the Bismarck—on dwarf trees, that
would weigh two pounds each, but they were
more of a curiosity than a delicacy. So
the would-be horticulturist of this section
might as well at once cut out apples.

The feature of New England States is the
simultaneous spring blossoming and the
rush of luxuriant verdure that summer brings.
The trees know that they must hurry to
consummate their life-work before the frost
comes back again. Out here it is different;
one month is apparently as good as another
for growing and blossoming and fruiting.
In the extreme heat of midsummer, r10
degrees in the shade and half a hundred
more in the sun, it is well to go a little slow,

means, and the grapes turn to raisins. Arti-
ficial irrigation has made this one-time desert
the world’s vineyard and orchard, and miles
of canals and ditches carry the snow waters
from the eternal snow-line of the Sierras to
the waiting plains.

But, as I watch here, a row of apple-trees
grows up, smooth-barked and symmetrical,
untouched by a single natural hardship or
by any ravaging insect enemy, yet bearing
but the most insignificant, withered, taste-
less fruit, and I am forced to say ‘‘they raise
better apples in the East.” I will acknowl-
edge that in a limited coast section a splen-
did crop of Bellflower apples is produced,
and that in the mountain districts other good
varieties may be grown; but in the great
interior valley of California— the San Joa-

A city lot garden where ripe fruit may be picked every day in the year

and the sap is chilled a little in December
and January, when the mercury drops to
but a few degrees above freezing; but other-
wise a tree may leaf, blossom, and bear fruit
at its pleasure, taking a short rest between
spells. As a result, we have a continuity of
fruit that laughs at the makeshift of canned
goods.

The citrus fruits tide over that period of
unproductiveness of the East, December to
May. The Washington Navel orange and
the Marsh pomelo make ideal Christmas
trees, self-adorned with a hundred torches
and loaded with goodies that last half the
year. The lemon will do better still; as
fast as you pick one a blossom starts to
replace it, and the whole process of develop-
ment from bud to ripened fruit is constantly

24,

displayed. The next most enduring crop
is figs. Three crops cover the period from
June until October.

This is the land of the apricot and peach.
The former rarely reaches Eastern markets
in a condition to be appreciated. It must be
picked from the trees to be enjoyed, when
it has all the qualities of the best peach and
something additional of its own. Blossom-
ing slightly earlier than the peach, it is less
hardy, so that Eastern conditions almost for- ;
bid its successful culture there, although ‘
isolated trees yield heavy crops. Moorpark
and Royal are the favorite varieties, the
former being larger and bringing a higher
price when dried; the latter of richer color
and flavor, but not so good a shipper.

The peculiar notions of the average
Western orchardist that every tree must be
pruned squarely across the top in January or
February accounts for many light crops, for
this tree bears its best crop on the tips of the
branches of last fall’s growth. It can be
made, by severe pruning, to bear on the
short, interior spurs, but the crop then is
never large.

The peaches of California are a failure
for fresh eating, any of the smaller Eastern
varieties far exceeding them in delicacy of
flavor. The peach crop is raised almost
entirely for canning and drying purposes, and
those qualities that go to make marketable
canned or dried fruit are sought to the
exclusion of fine flavor in the fresh fruit.
Large quantities are shipped to Eastern
markets, tempting the buyer by large size and
fine appearance.

Because no white-meated variety is accept-
able to the dried fruit trade, the yellow-
fleshed peach is generally grown. ‘The only
exception is in some of the cling varieties,
used solely for canning. ‘The varieties most
grown, in order of their value, are Elberta,
Muir, Susquehanna, Crawford, White Heath
and Orange Cling. _

But as if to make up for the deficiency in
flavor of our peaches, the nectarine attains
high quality. This is a variation from the
peach, smooth-skinned instead of fuzzy.
The tree closely resembles the peach and
cannot be distinguished by amateurs. It
yields better crops than the peach, and {
indeed is so likely to over-bear as to be in :
danger of breaking down with a consequent
light crop or none the succeeding year.
Stanwick is by far the best variety, white-
fleshed with a red centre. There is a white
variety much grown and also the yellow
variety known as the Boston, both inferior
to the Stanwick.

Most delicate of the peach family, yet
not a peach at all, is the almond, classed
usually with the nuts. It is the earliest
blooming of all fruit trees, February frosts
often curtailing its usefulness. The more
common varieties grown are the Nonpareil,

AuGcusT, 1910

Ponderosa lemon, with fruit in all stages and flowers
at the same time. Photographed in October

a paper-shell type, Lewelling’s Prolific, a
soft-shell, and Jordan, a hard-shell variety.
It should be remembered that almonds ripen
in summer with the peaches, and not in
autumn with the nuts.

Some eight years ago the pear blight
disease began to assume alarming propor-
tions in Central California, and in a few
years swept the Bartlett pears from the state.
Formerly magnificent crops were raised for
green shipping and drying; to-day the ship-
ments amount to almost nothing. Dried
Bartlett pears were an article of great merit,
bleaching to a pure white that was an almost
translucent mass of pear sugar. This was
the only main shipping variety cultivated,
but the Winter Nelis, a smaller and later
pear, is still largely grown for home use and
seems to resist the blight. Itis a very sweet,
luscious pear, too juicy to keep well, but
ripening late. This is almost the only
variety of pear to-day cultivated in this

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

section, though attempts are being made to
reinstate the Bartlett.

Plums are well represented, and all do
well, from the fragrant and luscious early
Climax to the great green Kelsey that
lasts into winter. There is a vast range in
the quality and appearance of the plums,
probably only exceeded by that of the apples
and pears. The Green Gage is a good plum
for canning; the Yellow Egg plum is also a
standard preserving variety, of little flavor
when fresh. The Damson remains a favor-
ite for preserves; the Satsuma is another,
with peculiar dark red flesh. The trees of
the Japanese variety have a narrow upright
form, and the fruit looks much like an apple.
The flesh is solid with a flavor of Bartlett
pear or pineapple, and the pit is very small.

The French prune, Agen, is considerably
grown, but the cured fruit does not equal
in quality the product of the Santa Clara
and other coast valleys. As a green fruit,
however, it is very attractive.

The Tragedy prune and the larger Hun-
garian, both excellent fresh table fruit, are
more often known only in the dried state.

The loquat, in spite of its appearance, is
not a plum at all. The small yellow fruit,
while edible, is the least attraction of ‘the
tree, which is one of the most shapely and
ornamental of broad-leaved evergreens, bear-
ing large clusters of white flowers which shed
a far-radiating fragrance of most intense
sweetness. The only drawback with this
tree is its sensitiveness to frost.

The cherry is not adapted to the high tem-
peratures of this valley, though the Vaca-
ville district is celebrated the country over
for its early crops of Black Tartarian and
Napoleon (Royal Ann).

The pomegranate is treated rather as a
hedge plant than a tree here, and rows of the
brilliant scarlet blossoms or bursting ruby-
gemmed fruit are pleasant features along the
roadside. The fruit is much appreciated
by Orientals, but is seldom touched by others,
except to satisfy curiosity or, allay thirst.

Olives are extensively grown, and a fine

mY

ae*
.

- i */ ya ae
i - a . ‘ ed -
eR ie

Grapefruit, or Marsh seedless pomelo, yields in great abundance, the branches bending with the weight

45,

quality of olive oil, always unadu.terated, is
produced. Moreover, the evergreen trees
are very ornamental. The pickled green
and ripe olives have also, to some extent, the
medicinal qualities of the oil. The pick-
ling of ripe olives was first practised in Cali-
fornia, and is fast surpassing the green olive
trade. The Mission, the Manzanillo, and the
Nevadillo Blanco are the standard varieties.

Ever Eat This Fruit?

Henry Hicxs, New York

HE singular fruit pictured on this
page is that of a hardy climber from
Japan known as Actinidia. The fruit is
almost exactly like a large gooseberry in size,
color, texture, seeds and flavor. The shape

is oblong, rather than globular.
The flavor to me is not so sweet as a fig,
but the texture of the pulp and seeds are

Grown usually as an ornamental vine the Acti-
nidia has also edible fruits

similar. Personally, I like the flavor, which
is a sprightly acid and yet sweet.

The big waxy white flowers are like
orange or mock orange (Philadelphus)
blossoms.

Actinidias are remarkably handsome vines,
rivalling wistaria and trumpet creeper in
vigor and healthfulness. They will grow
about fifteen or twenty feet high and, as
Mr. Rehder says, are well “‘excellent for
covering arbors, screens, trellises, walls and
low buildings.”

Probably the best of the actinidias is
A. arguta, which has dark green, shining
foliage of firmer texture than A. polygama
and Kolomtkta.

At the Arnold Arboretum there is one
species of Actinidia which is caged in to
keep the cats from tearing it down. Cats
have not formed a liking for ours.

Mr. F. N. Meyer reports extensive thickets
of Actinidia along the trails in Northern
Corea and Professor Sargent the same in the
mountains of Japan. Mr. Meyer has sent
out a new Actinidia (No. 11629) from China
through the Division of Seed and Plant In-
troduction, United States Department of
Agriculture. It has long scattered red hairs
and does not look as if it would be hardy in
New York.

Water and Weeds

HIS month is a time of constant cul-
tivation. Constant cultivation pre-
vents surface evaporation. The desire of a
gardener is to keep all the moisture possible
in the soil.

When water rising to the surface meets a
nicely cultivated soil it settles comfortably
back into the soil again. If the soil surface
is not stirred up, the water evaporates off.
Now perhaps you see why you should break
the outside connection.

The weeds are another problem to con-
sider. Weeds seem to shoot up after
each rain. The smaller ones may be re-
moved with the weeding fork. But the
larger ones need to have more work done
on them. Weeds should come up by the
roots. Because if the root is left in the
ground and only the top cut off, a new top
will surely grow. So use a hoe or trowel
to dig up the big fellows.

The garden begins to be attractive now.
It should be your object to have a round of
vegetables. The flowers should be con-
stantly blooming.

One must be very careful to keep his
flowers well picked in order to have luxuriant
masses of blossoms. It is a case of the more
one gives away the more one has. Flowers
left on the plant interfere with new bloom.
Do not let the flowers go to seed on the plant.
That is an interference too.

The church, the hospital, the public
library should all be in your list for flower
contribution. There is a society called
the National Plant, Flower, and Fruit

This bottle gourd is the family freak. Its size
makes up for lack in foliage

WORK THE GARDEN FOR ALL IT IS
WORTH. DO THIS BY SUCCESSIVE

PLANTINGS. AS VEGETABLES MATURE

AND ARE TAKEN FROM THE GARDEN,
FILL IN WITH ANOTHER SOWING OF
SEED. SO THAT NO SPACE IS WASTED

Conducted by
ELLEN EDDY SHAW
New York

Guild. This guild distributes flowers to
the sick and unfortunate in crowded cities.
Why not send occasionally a box of flowers,
a crate of vegetables, to this society for dis-
tribution? Above all, be generous.

If you do not know about your own
branch of the guild, write to the National
Secretary, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Things to be Attended to at Once

ACH month read over the reminder

to the older gardeners on the first

page of the magazine. ‘Then read carefully
your own reminder here below:

(1) Weed early in the morning, before
the sun is hot. Leave the weeds baking
in the sun all day, if you like. Then after
the hot sunshine is over, collect them to
throw away or burn up. So all the work
is done in the cool parts of each day.

(2) If the garden gets full of anthills
buy some carbon bisulphide. Pour about
a tablespoonful into each hill. Be careful
handling this. Get your father or older
brother to do this for you.

(3) Make second sowings of annuals —
zinnia, mignonette, poppy, and nasturtiums.

(4) Keep vegetables well thinned out.

(5) When plants are to be taken from the
pot turn them upside down. Hold one hand
over the earth with the thumb at one side
of the plant stalk. Now tap the bottom and
sides of the pot with the trowel. This should
be done gently. A well potted plant should
slip, plant, earth and all, out of the pot after
tapping.

Pick from the earth the drainage material
which may be left clinging to it. Make a
good hole with the trowel or dibble and set
the plant. It would be well to water this
hole the same as for lettuce.

(6) Geraniums and such house plants as
one wishes to hold back through the summer
may be treated after this fashion. Lay the
potted plant on its side. Leave it thus in a
shaded corner of the garden all summer. It
will live, but not grow much. It is thus
ready to do good growing and blossoming
indoors the following winter.

(7) If a hoe, spading fork or rake breaks,
why not make a dibble? Cut off a ten-inch
piece of the tool handle and point this at
oneend. This is fine to use in setting plants
and transplanting.

26

Garden Correspondence

UR teacher has told us about the contest and I
would like to enter in Class I]. My garden is
quite a large one. My grandfather spaded mine
for me, all the rest I did myself. I have a path
going through it. I have radishes, lettuce, parsnips,
turnips, onions, and beans in my vegetable garden.
In my flower garden I have sweet peas, candytuft,
sweet Williams, lilies and violets. But I am going
to put tomatoes and cabbage in, too.

Our school grounds need improving very, very
much. There are a lot of rocks in the back yard.
In the front there are lots of dandelions and they
look dreadfully. So we are going to fix it.

Garrison, N. Y. AZELMAIE M. LEwis.

I AM proud to say that I was the only one in
the State of Ohio who won a prize in the
garden contest last year. Jam anxious to enter the
contest again this year.

While my hotbed is only 6x11 ft., I have sey-
eral thousand promising plants. Many I trans-
planted into cold frames hardening off for the
garden. JI have drawn out garden charts. The
prize of four garden books which I won I find very
useful, and they are a great assistance to me.

Cleveland, Ohio. Maser J. Musser.

E HAVE done more work this year than last.
The results of last showed us that it was
necessary.

First the school yard is filled in with coal ashes,
and flowers do not thrive. Next, if anything
was put out, we know there must be a fence to keep
the cattle out.

Back of where we had our tent we decided to have
a flower bed. The boys dug out a foot and a half
of that earth and filled in with twenty wheel-barrow-
loads of rich, black
soil and one load of
good rotted manure.
These were given to
us. The boys wheeled
it up to the school,
which was quite a
distance. In this bed
we put cannas, salvia,
and asters, then put a
wire netfence aboutit.

One boy bought
four catalpa trees and
put them out. A
barbed wire fence was
placed about these.

I forgot to say that
we have placed vines
about the outbuild-
ings.

THE ARDONIA
SCHOOL.

Highland, N. Y.

CONTEST BuL-
LETIN— Now is the
time to register in the
garden contest. Write
the class you wish to
be entered in.

The dibble, made now,
may be used later in fall
bulb-setting 9

at Pen

wes

Midsummer Reminders

HERE are a few things which must be done
in the fruit garden during the summer
months. The new wood of raspberry and black-
berry canes makes a larger and better fall growth
if the old canes are cut out as soon as the fruit on
them is all picked. The new ones will begin to
harden up and make a more vigorous growth,
whith enables them to go through the winter in
better condition, and bear larger crops next year.
To cut out the old canes rapidly, take long-handled
pruning shears and cut the canes close to the
ground. Then, with hands protected by gloves,
carry them out and burn them when dry. This
will also help to control diseases, especially orange
rust.

Some trees and vines set more fruit than they can
fully mature and ripen. Generally the best way
to thin fruit is by pruning the vines, but sometimes
it is necessary to thin the fruit itself.

Some varieties of grapes, for instance, make a
large growth of canes, and are prolific bearers.
Under ordinary conditions, if all the grapes are
left on the vine, they may be small and will not
ripen before frost, in the short season in New
York. By removing one-third to one-half the
crop the grapes will be larger and will fully
mature.

If part of the fruit on trees or vines ripens first,
it is best to pick it, which enables the others to ripen,
more quickly. Some of the successful fruit growers
practise this plan with apples, and to some extent
with plums and pears. The Japan plums gen-
erally yield very large crops. They require thin-
ning in early summer, and the fruit should be
picked as fast as it ripens, instead of being left on
the tree so that the whole crop can be picked at
one time. The earliest pears are full sized, and
begin to change color a little in August, when
they should be picked and put in a dark place
to ripen. Pick the later pears in the same way.
Apples and most other fruits are best left on until
fully ripe.

In New York blackberries are at their best the
last of August. Commercial growers wish to market

When a grapevine bears as large a crop as this Worden, one-third to one half the fruit should be
removed and the branches thinned

their crop before the berries get too soft, and we
sometimes condemn varieties they sell as being
unfit to eat, when they would be very good if grown
in our own garden and allowed to fully ripen on the
vines. If you have hardy varieties of blackberries,
such as the Snyder and Taylor, don’t let them grow
tall or thick in the rows. Thin to an average
distance of one foot apart in the row, cut them
back to three or four feet, and grow them in the
tree form.

With young trees, I know the best results are
obtained only with cultivation. If you have set the
trees, do not let them grow in the grass or hard,
dry soil. I believe that because of such treatment,
fully one-half of the trees sent out by nurseries
never make thrifty, profitable trees. If it is not
practicable to cultivate young trees, they should be
mulched, but cultivation is better for the first few
years. Grow sweet corn (which requires good
cultivation) between the young trees, or potatoes,
garden vegetables, or strawberries, and keep them
clean. Do not make the soil over-rich with nitro-
gen, but rich enough to grow a fair crop of
vegetables.

In this connection I wish to advocate what is
known as dry farming for strawberries, cane
and bush fruits. These often fail to yield sat-
isfactory crops because of drought in midsummer.
There is one kind of irrigation all can practise.
Make use of the water veins under the soil by
keeping a layer of finely cultivated soil on the
surface. Cultivate all uncovered portions of soil
between the rows of fruits, either with hand or
horse-wheel cultivators, when the soil is dry
enough to crumble.

Shallow cultivation is of great benefit to black-
berries and grapes that are not mulched, and it
will pay to keep it up to the time of picking.

Some summer spraying to prevent injury from
fungous disease is necessary. Cover the leaves with
Bordeaux mixture as a protection against blight.
A tree or plant cannot fully mature its fruit unless
its leaves are kept intact and healthy; when its leaves
are partly consumed by fungi, much of its food sup-
ply is cut off, for the leaves are the feeding organs.
Many growers of tree fruits find it pays them to

Q7

spray with Bordeaux until the fruit is nearly grown.
Some of the best varieties of apples have leaves
that are most susceptible to blight. Protection
of the leaves enables the tree to fully develop its
fruits, and to some extent prevents loss from wind-
falls. Paris green in the Bordeaux mixture for mid-
summer spraying will destroy late broods of codling
moth. Black rot in grapes is controlled by thor-
oughly spraying several times during the summer.
Generally the grapes thrive with less attention than
most of the small fruits.

It is always good to spray the propagating bed
where strawberry plants are grown for setting
out next year (plants for transplanting should
always be grown in a separate bed, instead of dig-

For gathering fruit at the ends of branches a picker
is often useful

ging plants in the fruiting bed). This bed should
be sprayed several times with Bordeaux during the
season if one is to be sure of good healthy plants
for a new bed next year. Do not allow the plants
to mat closely together in this bed, but keep them
thinned to three or four inches apart. Plants grown
in this way make a better growth and have better
roots than when grown too close together.
New York. W. H. JENKINS.

Fruit-Pickers

NYVEEN gathering fruit the habit of shaking the

trees and thereby causing the fruit to drop
is a very bad practice, for if the fruit is bruised it
quickly decays. Unless intended for immediate
use, fruit should never be shaken from the
tree.

All fruit that is to be stored for any length of
time must be hand-picked and carefully protected.
A long light ladder can be rested directly against
the branches of the tree without injury to them, and
all parts of the tree are of easy access. But to
facilitate the gathering of fruit without the use of
ladders, various forms of fruit-pickers have been
invented.

The Boss is made of wire. The projecting
curved wires pull the fruit from the branches,
and as it falls it drops into the wire basket
below, which is large enough to hold a number
of fruits. The fault of this picker is that if care
is not exercised some of the fruit will get the skin
punctured or torn.

The Schneidig overcomes the objections to the
all-wire pickers and is undoubtedly the better form.
It consists of a smooth wire hoop so shaped as to
have two places for engaging the fruit, and a sus-
pended bag for catching it. In both patterns the
poles simply slip into sockets, and handles of vary-
ing lengths may be attached.

Pennsylvania. jJ.L. K.

Blanching Celery
HE careful, persistent gardener is now reaping
his harvest of corn, limas, celery, tomatoes,
egg plant, peppers, etc. Something different may
be had for every day in the weeks» But because
of these results, do not rest. The weeds must be
kept down.

Early celery should be ready for blanching.
Some gardeners earth up the plants, but I have
found it causes decay at this season, particularly
if a heavy rain follows the hilling-up process.
Boards are easy to put in place and are cheaper
than hilling with dirt, because they can be used
continuously and shifted from one part of the row
to another. Take two 12-inch boards, place them
against the celery and as close together as pos-
sible without cracking the stalks, and drive a few
stakes down into the ground on the outside to
keep the boards in position. This will give a well-
blanched heart. If you wish to blanch the entire
plant, have the side boards come up high enough to
support another board across the top. This will
exclude the light and blanch the entire plant. When
I do this, however, I find that the outer stalks are
invariably tough and stringy, caused by the plants
growing during warm weather.

With late celery it is quite different; the entire
plant can be blanched and all be of good quality.
Hilling up must be attended to with regularity;
this time, however, it must be done often and well,
for more celery is ruined by poor, indifferent hilling
than by any other cause. The idea in hilling
celery is that the soil should be kept drawn up to
the plant as it grows, but none must fall into the
heart or between the stalks of the celery. The
first process is to take a digging fork and loosen up
the soil on each side of the row. Then remove any
suckers or shoots that appear between the stalks,
grasp the plant with one hand and hold it tight so
that the stalks are close together. ‘This will pre-
vent soil from getting in the heart or between the
stalks. Draw some soil up to the plant and press
it firmly against the stalks, using your fist or a
brick. Be careful that you do not scratch the stalk
in any way; scratches make dark, rusty spots on
the stalks and can be easily avoided with a little care.
Also keep any stones from coming in contact with
the stalks, as they will also scratch. Never hill
your celery when it is wet, or in the morning when
the dew is still on the plants, as the moisture will
soon start decay.

Keep celery well watered at all times. Lack of
water makes strings; good quick growth makes
celery that cracks in one’s hand “like a pipe stem.”

Two crops at once. Save space and labor by
planting lettuce between the rows of celery

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

An occasional watering with liquid manure will
keep the plants growing fast. Use a half-bushel of
manure (cow manure is preferable) to a barrel of
water, letting it stand for forty-eight hours before
using. Then thin it down to about one half
strength. A dose of nitrate of soda is also bene-
ficial. Use a 6-inch flower pot of soda to a barrel
of water, and apply as soon as dissolved.

SEEDS FOR PRESENT SOWING

Sow bush beans twice during the month —
once on the first, and again on the 15th. Put in
several rows at each sowing, and place the rows
about fifteen inches apart, so that it will be easy
to protect them from the frost later on, for which
purpose start collecting now all old burlap and
covering material.

Make the final sowings of beets and carrots about
August rst to roth, for a winter supply. Be sure
you put in enough seed. I have found that by
sowing at this time the vegetables are of good size
and excellent quality when harvested. I use Guer-
ande carrot and Eclipse beet, but any of the good
standard varieties will be satisfactory.

Sow endive and lettuce twice during the month.
Keep setting out the young plants from the seed
beds, and do not let them suffer for water. Put
them in between the celery rows. Make two sow-
ings of turnip and kohlrabi, if you care for these
vegetables. The former is excellent for soup mak-
ing, and the latter is a good spring and fall
vegetable.

Sow peas twice during the month, using the early
varieties, such as Nott’s Excelsior or New York
Market. Keep them well watered and watch out
for aphis. If it appears, spray with a good stan-
dard tobacco preparation. Directions for use
always accompany such preparations.

Start sowing spinach now for a fall crop. I
always sow spinach when I sow peas, putting the
rows of peas three feet apart and planting the spinach
in between the rows of peas. Both these crops are
spring and fall crops, and grow well together.

DO YOU KNOW A RIPE WATERMELON ?

In order to determine this (for watermelons do
not leave the vines when ripe, as do muskmelons),
select one of the largest melons, place both hands
on the top and dress downward. Do not place
the weight of your body on it, but give a quick,
down-ward pressure. If the melon crunches it is
ripe and ready for eating.

If the tops of the onions have turned yellow,
pull them up and lay them on their sides in rows,
so that the sun can dry them out a trifle. Leave
them so for several days Before storing, twist
the tops off by holding the top in one hand close
to the bulb and twisting the bulb with the other
hand. Store ina cool, dry place and look over them
occasionally to prevent growth from starting and
to remove any that may have decayed.

Keep the winter root crops, such as parsnips,
salsify, rutabaga, carrots, beets, etc., well watered.
Growth should be kept up for at least this month,
after that, parsnips and salsify will have practically
stopped growing and rutabagas, carrots, etc., will
grow in September whether the weather is dry
or not.

Blight in the garden should still be watched for,
and spraying should be continued regularly during
August. After this month blight will not be very
troublesome. Use Bordeaux mixture and spray
every ten days to two weeks.

Watch eggplants for potato bugs. I always
pick them off, for I am rather timid about using
poison on anything but root crops when the vegetables
are about ripe and ready for use. '

MAKING A MANURE PIT

Now is the time to think about building an annex
to your garden in the form of a manure pit. All
amateur gardeners know how valuable good man-
ure is, and how difficult it is to procure. ‘The
scheme I am about to propose would not do for the
gardener who is confined to a small plot of ground,
but for places of two or more acres it is certainly
practical, and would justify the outlay. The adyan-
tage of a manure pit to any place is increased by
the addition of a few pigs, who do much toward
improving the quality of the manure.

If you do not have a stable from which to obtain

August, 1910

Use boards for blanching celery

bedding, have a liveryman deliver a load once a
month. ‘Throw this in the pit and have the pigs
work over it. Pure hog manure is very strong,
but soiled bedding, whether horses or cows, trampled
and worked by hogs, cannot be equaled. I have a
pit which is practically fifty feet square, from which
I procure about 600 loads of first-class manure in
a year. We keep about twenty-five head of cattle,
about fifteen horses and about fifty sheep. About
twenty hogs are required to work this amount.
Previous to building, a manure pit with hog pens
adjoining, I never had more than 200 loads of
manure from the same number of horses and
cattle.

The odor from a manure pit can be avoided to a
great extent if, when one lot of manure is fairly well
trampled, and worked, it is covered with more fresh
bedding.

There is a difference in the rooting qualities of
pigs. For this purpose, the long-snouted Tams-
worth excel. I have tried nearly all breeds and
for working manure they are far ahead of any
other.

Long Island. W. C. McCottom.

[Epitor’s Notre. — Next month we will discuss
the building of coldframes, cost, etc., and the general
work im the garden.|

Keeping Rabbits from Girdling
Trees

HERE are some Old-Mother-Goose remedies
applicable in the garden that are often
fully as effective and of course much less expensive
than the latest inventions. Just plain liver is
one of these. This rubbed freely on the trunk of
trees will keep rabbits from gnawing the bark.
One good application in the late fall will suffice
for the entire winter.

A very marked example of the efficiency of this
remedy came to my notice this summer, only one
farmer in a neighborhood having any trees left,
while the rest of the trees had been girdled by
rabbits. The smell of the liver which had been
rubbed on the trees kept the pests away.

North Dakota. C. L. MELLER.

A few pigs are an efficient aid to the gardener

AuausT, 1910 AW e010,

Why Waste Time
and Labor

trimming and edging a lawn
or garden with back-break-
ing shears, clippers and
edging tools, when the

Capitol Lawn Trim-
mer and Edger

will do the work much bet-
ter, easier, and in a fraction
of the time. Saves its cost
in less than a season. An
absolute necessity for lawn,
gardens, parks, and ceme-
teries. If your dealer does
not handle it, write us for
prices. Don’t put it off.

TheGranite State Mowing

GARDEN

MAGAZINE

For injormation regarding railroad a steam-
ship lines, write to the Readers’

Service

These cold frames are filled with violets and are in full bloom on the 21st day of October. They will continue to bloom till last of April

Make Your Garden Last

Weeks

UR cold frames will do it. Plant the seeds
directly in the soil of the frames now, and
do it every ten days up to September first.

By doing it this way the first planting will be
ready for use when the frost has killed off your
garden. The successive sowings will be coming
along right up to Thanksgiving.

You can have lettuce, Swiss chard and parsley
all winter-long and right up to the last of March
if you grow them now and hold
them in the frames. They
won’t grow much through
the winter, but will keep as
fresh and tender as if just
matured.

Of course, frames are
equally useful in prolonging
the blooming period of your
flowers, or starting others for
your pleasure during the
months later on. They are
ideal for plunging bulbs in to
develop root growth. Plunge the pots in October
and bring them out for flowering just as you want
them any time up to Easter.

Here is a 3 sash Junior frame made especially for use
in limited space and in a size convenient
for women to easily work

Longer

Then there is the especial value that frames
will be to you in the spring in getting your garden
plants started weeks ahead.

All the backwardness caused by the coldness of
the past season could have been overcome if you
had bought frames when we advised you to last Feb-
ruary. Don’t get caught that way again. Buy your
frames now and get double duty out of them. The
prices are reasonable — so reasonable that almost
anyone can afford at least a
four sash frame. We have
special ones made for women,
that are smaller than the stand-
ard size and with lighter weight
sash, making them very easy
to work and handle. We call
them our Junior Frames.

Send for our Two P’s Book-
let which tells you about the
pleasure and profit of Cold
Frames. Itis the whole frame
subject in a nut shell — inter-
estingly told and convincingly illustrated.

As a last warning —don’t put off ordering, get
your fall garden started now — right now.

Lord and Burnham Company

New York Boston Philadelphia Chicago Irvington
e C St. James Building Tremont Building Heed Building The Rookery N. Y.
Machine Co.
i 1 St. N. H.
Hinsdale 25 Cana The Greatest

A BLUE ROSE

29

SEEDS GROW

Rose Novelty The new Rambler (Violet Blue), very vigorous
and hardy, and free blooming.

of the Century Send for description and price.
ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

If ee wane a copy of the

BURPEE Siro cre

Catalog,’’ for 1910, address BURPEE. ea eiledelphia

Avoid Flies and Typhoid by Using

{TIS

TRace MARK

Stain Your Shingles with

Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stains

Dip Them Before Laying

Dipping gives absolute Deore cHOn Wack rain gets through
between and under shin gles. as well as to the outer surfaces.
Whether applied by brushinz or diy g, Dexter Brothers’
English Shingle Stains are better than aes They protect
the” shingles with preservative. waterproofing oils, yet
retain the natural texture and beauty of the wood. The
pure English ground colors ca fade.

Write for stained miniature eles. SO you can decide on
the right color combination. Also descriptive booklet with
letters from architects and owners.

DEXTER BROS. C0..110 Broad St., Boston, 1133 B’dw’y, N.Y.
Makers of PETRIFAX CEMENT COATING
AGENTS: H.M. Hooker Co., Chicago; John D.S. -

Potts, 218 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H. McDonald, ie ay cece
Grand Rapids: F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle. Spokane, them.) 1272p pins
Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.; M. D. Francis, the shingles
ane: Ga; Carolina Portland Cement Ce Bie two-thirds “their
ingham and Monteomerv. Ala., Bao e Ee ] th prevents
Charleston, S. C.. New este. La.; F. . Combs, this nee
Halifax, N. S., AND DEALERS. -

Underground Garbage Receiver

No smell, no flies, accessible, clean, permanent, and
out of sight, as it should be
Also Underground Refuse Under-

Receivers,

ground Earth Closets,

and Portable Metal §
Houses.
Send for Circulars
SOLD DIRECT

C. H. STEPHENSON

40 Farrar Street
LYNN MASS.

where water gets
through to the
under shingles

WM. M. CLARK
ARCHITECT, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

Do you intend to build a poultry house?
30 : Write to the Readers’ Service

Annihilator

of Space

To be within arm’s reach of distant
cities it is only necessary to be within
arm’s reach of a Bell Telephone. It
annihilates space and provides instanta-
neous communication, both nearand far.

There can be no boundaries to a tele-
phone system as it is now understood
and demanded. Every community is
a center from which people desire com-
munication in every direction, always
with contiguous territory, often with
distant points. ach individual user
may at any moment need the long
distance lines which radiate from his
local center.

DISTANCE
TELEPHONE

id

An exchange which is purely local

has a certain value. If, in addition to
its local connections, it has connections
with other contiguous localities, it has
a largely increased value.

If itis universal in its connections and
inter-communications, it is indispens-
able to all those whose social or business
relations are more than purely local.

A telephone system which under-
takes to meet the full requirements of
the public must cover with its ex-
changes and connecting links the whole
country.

The Bell Telephone System annihilates space for

the business man to-day.

It brings him and any of

his far-away social or business interests together.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy,

Ilot Springs, Ark.
Denver, Col.
West Haven, Conn.

Washington, D. ©.
Jacksonville, Fla.

Atlanta, Ga.
Dwight, Ul.
Marion, Ind.
Lexington, Mass.
Portland, Me.

Buffalo. N. Y-

One System,

For Liquor and

AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES:

Grand Rapids, Mich.

Kansas City, Mo.

St. Louis, Mo.,2801 Locust St.
Manchester, N. H.

Drug Using

A scientific remedy which has been
skilfully and successfully administered by
medical specialists for the past 30 years

White Plains, N. Y.
Columbus, Ohio.
Portland, Oregon.
Philadelphia, Pa.,

812 N. Broad St.

Pittsburg, Pa.,

4246 Fifth Ave.
Providence, R. I.
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
London, England.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Universal Service.

Avcust, 1910

Three Clematis Hybrids
HE famous French hybridizer, Lemoine, has
secured three hybrids of Clematis montana,
which should be of great interest to Americans
since it has been discovered that this species
can be grown as far north as Philadelphia. The
great attractions of this Himalayan clematis are:

(1) It blooms in May, being the only spring
blooming clematis of importance other than C.
cerulea, a Japanese species.

(2) Its fragrance has the same peculiarity as that
of the grape and the lime, i. e., you can hardly detect
it close at hand, but several yards away it fills the
air. ‘Thus it gives mystery and charm to a garden,

The Himalayan clematis (Clematis montana)

because it is sometimes difficult to trace this haunt-
ing but elusive odor to its source. (See Kerner’s
“Natural History of Plants,” Vol. 2, page 207.)

(3) The flower has the beauty of a spring anem-
one, having four white sepals about an inch long,
which finally become pink.

(4) This climber is not suited for stiff training,
but has a great reputation in England for making
fumbling masses and- garlands. (See Jekyll’s
“Color in the Flower Garden,” pages 108, 112.)

Lemoine says that his new hybrids were produced
by crossing C. montana, var. grandiflora, and C.
montana, var. rubens. Grandiflora has flowers
three to four inches across, and rubens is probably
the reddest or pinkest variety known. Lemoine
obtained many new sorts but the only ones worth
saving were:

(1) Lilacina, a variety with azure-lilac flowers.

(2) Perfecta, bluish-white, perfect in form, and
a third larger than grandiflora.

(3) Undulata, remarkable for its wavy sepals.
Flowers, three inches across, white, tinted azure.

These varieties were sent out for the first time
in 1909. As soon as anyone in America blooms
them satisfactorily, we hope he will send photo-
graphs and particulars to THE GARDEN MAGAZINE.

New York. W. M.

£ The Readers? Service will aid
AUGUST > 1910 ay H E G A R D E N M A G A ZL, I N E 9 re Tie PACER 31

TIME APPROACHING
Advance Word

DON’T
GO WRONG
ON PEONIES

Paint Your Walls and Get
Exact Tints

AVE you ever tried to match wall-paper
or any other wall-covering to rugs or
furniture ?

@. Have you ever leafed through book after
book of samples, trying in vain to find
something that would just suit the color
values of your rugs and draperies ?

@. You wanted a blue—found six blues—and not
one but would scream at your rug.

@. Same with the yellows, grays and browns.

@. The only wall covering for the particular per-
son is a made-to-order one. ‘Then the tint can be
made exact. Use white lead paint and have it
mixed and tinted by your painter to your order.

@. Our white lead (“Dutch Boy Painter” kind) is
smooth and clear, tints beautifully, and gives any
finish desired— dull, half-gloss, high-gloss or enamel.

Purchase
your
roots
from

true
Peony
specialists

WE GROW PEONIES
—NOTHING ELSE

Our reputation has been built on
the quality of our stock.

| ART CATALOG READY AUGUST 1st
| MOHICAN PEONY GARDENS

Box 300, SINKING SPRING, PA.

The artistic home-maker
should be the most enthu-
siastic advocate of ““white-
leading” (painting with
white lead) because there is
no medium so flexible for
the expression of the taste-
ful person’s wish.

Our ‘Dutch Boy Paint Adviser
No. ‘‘95’”’ is very helpful on both
interior and exterior decoration,
Costs but the trouble of asking

} FREE An illustrated book, which tells te uN ; zi ; 4\ for it. Address
what potash is and how it should + Re oS fi \ AN :
| nin: “em Y VOW National Lead

,.-Sow KALAKA

THE WIZARD LAWN PRODUCER
Something new- Revolutionizes lJawn-maiing everywhere.
Choicest grass seed scientifically mixed with dried and
finely pulverized cattle manure from stock yards. Needs
only possible climate and moisture. Sow any time except
in Winter. Used exclusively in many large parks.
Goes further, more efficient, costsless than all other methods. Send
$1.00 for 5 lb. box. Prepaidanywhere. Send for Free Booklet: “How
»

to Grow a Lawn.
DORMANT SOD CO. Dept. 9, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill.

be used, sent free to all applicants.
German Kali Works, Continental Building, Baltimore, Md.

Company

An office in each of the
following cities :
New York Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati Chicago
Cleveland St. Louis
QUohn T. Lewis & Bros. Co,
iladelphia
\ (National Lead & Oil Co.,
Pittsburgh)

Competent Gardeners

The comforts and products of a country home are in-
creased by employing a competent gardener; if you want to

solve the water problem for the country home. I
Easy to operate and keep in order, made of the engage one write to us. Please give particulars regarding
most durable materials by workmen who have place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We
made pumps and pumping a life study. Sixty have been supplying them for years to the best people every-
years the standard. Send for Free book where. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seeds-

“Water Supply for the Home” men and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City.

and study your case.

Goulds make the largest line of hand and
power pumps in the world—from $3 to $300.
The name ‘‘Goulds”’ is cast on every genuine
Goulds pump.

Buy under this name and you get the
best pump made.

THE GOULDS MFG. COMPANY
No. 82 W. Fall Street Seneca Falls, N. Y.

Sheep Manure

pe Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad
WR odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden,
lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants.
$ 4 00 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order.
° Delivered to your Freight Station.
Apply now.

The Pulverized Manure Co.,19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago.

If you are planning to build, the Readers’
32 Service can often give helpful suggestions

Strong, durable, do not decay like
the Southern cane or wooden stakes.

We offer:

Suitable for Roses, Gladioli,
Lilies, Chrysanthemums, Pot
and Herbaceous Plants, etc.

r00 r00o0
Green colored, 2 ft. 75 $ 6,00
Green colored, 3 ft. $1.50 10.00
Natural colors, 6 ft. 1.00 6.00

For DAHLIAS, Polebeans, Tomatoes, Big Shrubs, Young
Trees and anywhere STRONG SUPPORT is needed.

dozen 100

7x8 ft. long 1-14 inch diameter $1.00 $7.00

| 25 at 100 rate — 250 at 1000 rate |

Our new Fall Catalogue containing a full and
descriptive list of all

Bulbs for House and Garden

Hyacinths, Narcissus, Tulips, Lilies, Crocus, etc.
will be ready early August.

If not on our mailing list, send us your name—
A postal will do.

Our Catalogue will surely please and interest
you. Full directions to grow Bulbs successfully.
Also camplete Seed List for Fall sowing.

Address

H. H. BERGER & CO. Q2Weyen Stet

For Big and Quick Profits
Or For Your Own Use
Ten years’ experience enables me to give prac-
# tical instructions worth many dollars to you
without interfering with regular occupation, no
matter where located. Send for Free Book and particulars
how to start, etc.
JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM
5732 N. Western Ave. Chicago, Ill.

DELAVAL

CREAM SEPARATORS
First — Best — Cheapest

The original and for 32 years the
leaders in the Dairy World

* Nearly 1,200,000 now in daily use

The Most Perfect Centrifugal Separator Known
Send for a Catalogue

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.

Chicago New York San Francisco
Montreal Winnipeg Seattle

A DEADLY PILL
FOR DANDELIONS

Patent applied for

To clear your lawn of dandelions, plantains and
other noxious weeds, use our ‘‘ Jabstick’’ loaded
with a deadly dandelion pill. Jab a pill into the
head of each weed—that settles him. Easy standing
work and no backaches. :

The “‘Jabstick’’? and 500 Hoskins’ Deadly
Dandelion Pills, transportation prepaid, $1.00.
Your money back if they fail to kill. Right now
is the time to dope them.

Ask us for a few Pills free for test

WILLIAM A. SPINKS & COMPANY

372 W. ERIE ST. Established 1894 CHICAGO
On sale at Druggists and Seed Dealers

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

AuvuGcustT, 1910

The King of All the Buttercups

EERHAPS the globe flower has never been held

. under a child’s chin, the while he or she
was asked the question: “Do you like butter?”
It resembles a great big glorified buttercup, how-
ever, and it belongs to the same order of crowfoots,
though its family name is Trollius. So buttercup
royal let it be, as a word is spoken for a flower
that is at once among the most beautiful and the
most neglected.

Time was when the globe flower was tolerably
well known in gardens here, both the European
and the Asiatic types being cultivated, but, like
so many other old favorites, it seems to have quietly
dropped out of sight and nowadays one seldom
runs across it. The sooner it is restored to the
gardens of hardy plants the sooner will they have
a flower that, in the alliance of rich yellows with
perfection of form, is indispensable. The large
yellow cups are borne high above the finely cut
foliage and in a good-sized clump of one variety
the effect is among the most attractive that the
gardens has to offer. Robinson, in “‘The English
Flower Garden,” not only calls them “free and
telling among stout herbaceous plants,” but says
that they may be “easily naturalized in moist,
grassy places or by water.” So to bed and border
near the house may be added the brookside and
the edge of the pond in the wilder parts of a country
place as equally congenial for one of the most

The globe flower resembles a large double but-
tercup. Plant it wherever you can find space (Jrol-
Vius Asiaticus)

decorative plants of erect habit. Certainly this
ought to be a welcome suggestion to all who have
gone in for naturalizing.

If relegated to the wild it should be allowed to
stand out well from its surroundings, though even
as I have seen it in the crowded flowery meadows
of the vale of Chamounix in June its individuality
asserts itself. In Scotland, where the same species
is called “‘lucken gowan,” it is found on river banks
and in moist places. While it is doubtless most to
their liking if the long black roots are able to pene-
trate to a subsoil that is tolerably moist, globe-
flowers thrive in ordinary garden ground if it is
not allowed to become abnormally dry.

There are three distinct types of globe flower,
and they are all to be had for the garden or natur-
alizing. The most gorgeous is the orange globe
flower, Tvollius Asiaticus, which is a native of
Japan and China, because of its deep, rich hue,
changing to almost a red in the anthers. Years ago
there was apparently only one from Asia, but now
there are Asiaticus flore crocéo, Japonicus excel-
sior, Caucasicus Orange Globe and Fire Globe.
In England there is also to be had Tvollius acaulis,
a dwarf bog plant from the Himalayas, with bright
yellow blossoms suffused with purple on the out-

Terra Cotta

Garden Furniture

, Your garden and hall will be made more attractive if fur-
nished with the Galloway productions. ‘Vhe material is hard
burned selected clay fired to a point to insure durability in
the severest climate.

The extensive collection of original designs and replicas of
antique art includes : :

Flower Pots Flower Boxes
Jardinieres Vases
Benches Ferneries
Tables Sun Dials
Statuary Fountains

Write for catalogue containing illustrations and full information.
Galloway Terra Cotta Company
3214 Walnut St. 1 Philadelphia, Pa.

LAWN ANT
DESTROYER

Guaranteed not to injure grass, plants or shrubbery.
Can be used on lawns, golf grounds and gardens.
If, after using one-half can, it does not destroy the
ants, we will cheerfully refund purchase price, $1.00
percan. Testimonials and detailed information free.

GRAND RAPIDS LAWN ANT DESTROYER CO.
52 KENT STREET GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

‘“SCALECIDE”’

will positively kill San Jose Scale and all soft-bodied sucking insects.
Send for booklet “Orchard Insurance”

B. G. PRATT CO., 50 Church Street, New York City

Live Close to Nature

Sleep out of cloors and let Nature keep you in proper tone. Rowe's Glou-
cester Bed Hammock will enable you to do this; it combines hammock
couch and swing settee. Interesting booklet free on application. Write to-day

E. L. ROWE & SON, Inc., 464 Water St., Gloucester, Mass.

Excelsior Wire Fences
WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY
WORCESTER MASS.

Big Trees

Don't wait for small trees to grow up—buy them grown up.
Hicks has hundreds of them in his Nursery. You take no
risk, they are guaranteed to live. Send for new catalog, it
is an unique one in every way. It shows how Hicks moves
big trees and various results secured by planting them.

Isaac Hicks & Son, Wot"), jetana

AueusT, 1910

A
Money-

making
Plan

for
Willing
Workers

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

UR « spare time”

plan of making
money has enabled
many people to in-
crease their incomes
in an agreeable and
sure way. The plan
has had so much suc-
cess that we gladly re-
peat the offer. If you
would welcome an in-
crease in your income
—a gain that can be
made permanent—you
should write for our
“‘Mid-Season Plan.”
There is no expense,
and the plan will not
interfere with your reg-
ular pursuits. A re-
quest on a postal card
will bring particulars.

Doubleday, Page & Co., New York City

The Dog Book

By JAMES WATSON

Covers every phase of
the subject, with full
accounts of every promi-
} nent breed. 128 full
i page pictures, in one
complete volume.

Net price $5.00
(postage 40c.)

} DOUBLEDAY, PAGE @ CO., NEW YORK

Our “Guide to Good Books’? sent free upon request.

Grace

S. Richmond

Magazine readers are familiar
with the charm and grace of Mrs.
Richmond’s contributions. The
successful longer stories here
listed surpass in interest and
popularity her short stories.

A Court of Inquiry,
Fixed price, $1.00 (postage 1 Oc.)
Round the Corner in Gay Street,
; Te Seo.
On Christmas Day in the Morning,
Fixed Price, 50c. (postage 5c.)
The Indifference of Juliet, $/.50
With Juliet in England, $/.50
The Second Violin, $/.50

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
NEW YORK

Our friends are invited to visit our Library Salesroom, where
they may leisurely look over our books. We also invite requests
for our “Guide to Good Books,” mailed free.

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools 33

Reeco Water System

Noiseless,
Self-governing

Simple,
Compact

REECO ELECTRIC PUMP

No matter whence the water comes — well, spring, brook, lake, river — we can install the
right system to deliver it at the correct pressure where needed in your house, your barn,
or your garden. Noiseless pumps—electric or hot air—self-regulating, run for years
without a hitch or worry. You will know the exact cost beforehand, and that cost in-
cludes the system complete ready for the turning of the faucet. In the business for
seventy years, we have installed over 40,000 satisfactory systems of every grade.
The REECO ELECTRIC PUMP may be installed wherever a trolley line runs, or
wherever there is a public or private electric lighting plant. The pressing of a button
stops and starts it. There is, therefore, absolutely no waste of power.

Write to our nearest office for Catalogue U, and let us tell you the cost of a water-supply all ready for use.

35 Warren Street, New York
239 Franklin Street, Boston
40 Dearborn Street, Chicago

40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia
234 West Craig Street, M TALC p10)
22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE Co.

The Fireless Cook Book

By MARGARET J. MITCHELL

This book explains in a simple way how to make and use this in-
vention, which has only recently become known, but has already proved
itself a real labor-saving, economical implement.

Including, as it does, 250 recipes, the volume must soon become a
necessity to all up-to-date housekeepers. Nineteen pen-and-ink drawings.

Net $1.25 (postage, 12c.)
Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 E. 16th St., New York

Our “‘ Guide to Good Books”’ is sent free upon request

Doubleday,
Page & Co.

Building to Let

Our present business building in
New York, at 133-137 East 16th
St., near Irving Place, can be
leased for a long term of years at
a very reasonable rental. It has
40,000 square feet of space, is well
lighted, heated and equipped. Suit-
able for offices, wholesale or man-
ufacturing purposes. Can be seen
any business day.

PLE LE PEE Leb

}

APPLY ONLY TO
Doubleday, Page & Co.

133-137 East 16th St. New York City

The Readers’ Service will give you
34 suggestions for the care of live-stock

(our Trees Should live

Davey Tree Experts
Are Tree-Savers

Wi, Trained in the Davey Institute of Tree Surg-
iW ery, under direction of John Davey, father of
fu the profession, they have learned exactly
WW what to doand when to do it in order to save
trees. Unless too far advanced in disease and
decay, trees receiving their attention will
be preserved in usefulness and beauty. They
are the only tree surgeons who fully under-
stand and practice Davey methods—the
i only methods of demonstrated efficiency.

Four Valuable Booklets for
Owners of Trees—One Free
“A Great Reyelation,’’ explaining the
\ leading principles of treesurgery; “Our
Wounded Friends, the Trees,” a com-
plete treatise on the profession of saving
} tree life; **A Brother to the Trees,’’ b
Mh Elbert Hubbard; **New Life in Ol
Trees,” by J. Horace McFarland. One
i of these books{ree to every tree owner
MW\ Wwhoforwards nameandaddress. State
\ number and kind of trees you have;
N\\ we will mail booklet you need most, |

»» DNA THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc.

JOHN WX:
FATHER OF TI \
ae

“A
bs SN

That's all that is necessary if you use the time-saving,
labor-saving, all metal, rust-proof and leak-proof

Illinois Self-Watering Flower Box

You will have better, hardier, longer-lived plants. Our box is for in-
door or outdoor use. It is inexpensive and so/d on 30 days’ FREE
trial. Descriptive booklet FREE.

ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING CO.
33 Dearborn Street Chicago, Ill.

117 Winston St., Tos Angeles, Cal.
Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., Dist. for N. Y., N. J. and Pa.

SUN-DIALS wre
“a PEDESTALS

Send for illustrated
price list H 29
HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.
Chicago, Ill.
New York Office 1123, Broadway

? Once grown,
Maule’s Seeds iis, fon
Send postal for 1910 catalogue. Witt1am HENRY
Mau te, 1721 Filbert Street, Philadelphia.

Marshall Strawberry Plants

Best fancy strawberry known. We have developed a fine
strain of this variety. Potted plants or layer plants with
a ball of earth for summer or fall planting. Will bear
next year. Extra large and vigorous. 50 cents per dozen,
$1.50 for 50, $2.50 for 100. Special price for larger lots.

Go to Headquarters,
Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey

HOPE FARM

Why Not Have

RUNNING WATER

When and Where You Want It

pumped from stream, pond or spring
without expense for power, and without
trouble to you. Water raised to any height
in any quantity. For

your country home,
dairy, garden or lawn. Our

Ama Fosters Ram

requires no attention or expense to maintain. You can
install it yourself if you wish, or we will put it in and guar-
antee that it will meet with your entire satifaction, for a
fixed sum, agreed upon in advance. Saves you time, worry,
and money. Low in cost; high in efficiency. Write us.

POWER SPECIALTY CO., 2135 Trinity Bldg., New York

side. The mountain globe flower, Tvollius Euro-
peus, is a lemon yellow and the blossoms are still
more globular. This is the only European species,
but seedlings have given it much variation in the
garden. Although all of these are good, there are
improved varieties that are even better. Salaman-
der, Gottefunke, Lichtball and Leuchtkugel are
fine orange ones, with large flowers, and Helios
and Goldquelle equally desirable yellow ones.
Any collection of globe flowers intended to be
approximately complete, hybrids and all, should
include the one American species as well. This
is Trollius laxus, which grows about a foot high and
has a small greenish-yellow flower.

Globe flowers are in season in May and June,
but a second crop of blossoms — smaller ones —
is quite as likely as not to come along in the autumn;
I have seen buds struggling to open as late as
November. They seed freely. It is slow work
growing them from seed, however, as they have a
trick of seldom being obliging enough to show their
heads above ground for a year and then it takes
a few more years to get them to grow to large flower-
ing clumps. The better plan is to buy the plants
which, in the course of time, can be used for propa-
gation by autumn division. Globe flowers cost
more by the plant than most perennials, but they
are worth more.

New York. H. S. ADAMS.

A Good Shrubbery Plant

HE English privet or prim (Ligustrum vulgare)

is one of those old-fashioned shrubs whose
usefulness is largely overlooked. It is a compact,
upright plant that attains a height of from ten to
fifteen feet. The leaves are narrower than those
of the California privet, and lack their conspicuous
lustre. Its white flowers appear the last of June or
the first week in July, and are borne in rather

The old-time English privet (Ligusitrum vulgare)
is worth planting if only for the profusion of its
black fruits enduring till spring

dense pyramidal clusters which are about two inches
in length. Following comes the good black fruit
which frequently remains upon the branches
until the new leaves appear in the spring.

This shrub is perfectly hardy, and is not fastidious
as to soil or situation. It stands drought well,
grows in partial shade and contends successfully
against unfavorable city environments. At one
time it was largely used as a hedge plant and in
many situations it is much better adapted to that
purpose than the California privet. It harmonizes
well with our native vegetation, and is good to use
among the strong-growing plants of shrubberies.

Massachusetts. DANIEL A. CLARKE.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

AUGUST, 1910

Important!

Trinidad Lake asphalt is of vital importance
to every roof. Lengthens its life. Saves time,
labor, money.

Genasco
Ready Roofing

is made of Trinidad Lake asphalt. Doesn’t
crack, rot, or break. Gives lasting protection |
to all your buildings.

The Kant-leak Kleet clamps seams tight
without cement and large-headed nails. Protects
seams against wind and weather. Gives fine finish.
Furnished in rolls of Genasco when specified.

Ask your dealer for Genasco. Guaranteed. Look for the

trade-mark and insist on the roofing with lasting life. Write for
the Good Roof Guide Book and samples.

THE BARBER ASPHALT
©, PAVING COMPANY

a
A - Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready-roofing in the world.

PHILADELPHIA
New York San Francisco Chicago

Cross-section Genasco Model Roofing

Crushed Quartz

@ Trinidad Lake Asphalt

=== Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt
Trinidad Lake Asphalt

Asphalt-saturated Burlap

Trinidad Lake Asphalt

Protect Your Orchard

Save your trees and plants from San Jase Scale, Aphis, White Fly,
Slugs, Cabbage Worms and other parasites. Don’t wait until your
crops are spoiled. Spray them thoroughly now with a solution of

GOOD’S fous; WHALE OIL SOAP NO. 3

Dissolves quickly in water; acts as a fertilizer; quickens healthy growth.
Contains nothing poisonous. Endorsed by the U. S. Department of Agri-
eulture and State Experiment Stations.

50 Ibs., $2.50; x00 Ibs., $4.50; larger quantities proportionately less.
Send for free ‘‘ Manual of Plant Diseases’’
James Good, Original Maker, 981 N. Front Street, Philadelphia

Place a sundial in your garden or
on your lawn and it will return an
hundredfold in quiet enjoyment.
Write us for free booklet of

Sundial Information
Chas. G. Blake & Co.
787 Woman's Temple, Chicago, Ill.

FAIRFAX ROSES

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free
W. R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

Buy From A Specialist
Choice Evergreens SPECIMEN TREES

Ornamental Planting
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS
Write for large illustrated catalog.
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist
Box 106, DUNDEE, ILLINOIS ~

THIS HANDY

is the all-steel Perfection Wrench. Easily ad-
justed—holds like a vise—may be used as wrench—
pliers—ratchet—clamp—vice—tool holder—pipe wrench, instantly with-
out change of parts. Everyone, particularly the owner of an automobile,
needs a zood wrench for use around garage, factory, home or farm.

THE PERFECTION WRENCH

is made in three sizes, 8, 10, 12 inch, polished steel and gun metal finish.
Ask your dealer for ‘‘ THE PERFECTION WRENCH,” or sent pre-
paid to any address in the U. S. on receipt of the price.
8 in. size, $2.00; 10 in. size, $2.50; 12 in. size, $3.50: 12 in. size (with
forcing pawl attachment) $4.00. Nickel fin. fifty ets. extra for each size.

Warranted for one year. We will replace free ofcharge any part that
breaks within one year from the date of purchase. Send $2.00 to-day for
wrench on five days’ approval. Money returned if dissatisfied. For Book-
let, discounts to trade, etc., address.

THE PERFECTION WRENCH COMPANY, 20 N. Main St., Port Chester,
N.Y. New York City Salesroom, 1580 Broadway.

me fl

nl eee a eee ee en

AvcusT, 1910

The Readers’ Service will give you ae
Ae H E G A R D E N M A G A Z, I N E GacEOLON AST molds boule 35

Aa!

=
The best varieties, both new and a
old, and the best methods of plant- }
ing to raise a full crop of strawberries
next year are fully particularized in

DREER’S
Mid-Summer Catalogue

Also the best varieties of Celery, Cabbage
Plants, etc.

A most complete list of the Best Hardy
Perennial Seeds for summer sowing.

Also vegetable and farm seeds for summer
and fall sowing. Select list of seasonable
decorative and flowering plants.

Write for a copy and kindly
mention this magazine—F REE.

HENRY A. DREER PHILADELPHIA
a aN

Make the Farm Pay

Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture,
HMorticniture, Florienlture, Landseape G ardening, For-
esivy, Pouliry Culture, and Veterinary Science under
Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof.
Craig of Cornell University and other eminent
teachers. Over one hundred Home Study
Courses under able professors in leading colleges.

250 page catalog free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. A., Springtield, Mass.

Prof. Brooks

GINSENG

Cultivated Ginseng and Golden Seal seed and roots now ready
for planting. My book, “Culture and Profits of Ginseng and
Golden Seal,” with prices of seed and roots, free. Send for it.

D. BRANDT, Box 311, Bremen, Ohio

Stop buving new garden hose every year, and get “‘ Hamilton-
Made” Hose. It is made by the OLD, SLOW PROCESS, and
stands a long life of hard use. If you can’t get “‘Hamilton-Made a
Hose from your dealer, write us for prices.

HAMILTON RUBBER MFG. CO., Trenton, N. J.

) B. Shredded or
=| (Mm BAGS pulverized
Best for all indoor and outdoor work. Na
==} bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 lbs.). Write

— | for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
2 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicage

E The Power and the Glory

By Grace MacGowan Cooke

A vivid picture of the heroism and the humor in
the lives of some people of the Tennessee mountains.
Mrs. Cooke has given us a very lovable heroine.
Johnnie Consadine is one of those upspringing, un-
daunted, elastic spirits who finds a bright side to life
in all conditions. Her unfailing optimism and final
triumph are like a little song of inspiration that
sings through all the pages, and leaves with you
an abiding memory of a strong, brave woman.

Illustrated in color. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

Water Goats and Other Troubles

By Ellis Parker Butler, Author of ‘‘Pigs is Pigs,’ etc.

You instinctively feel, when Alderman Toole de-

cides that gondolas and water goats are identical,

that something is going to happen. And it does!

Just what takes place in Jeffersonville is a story

which Mr. Butler tells in his old inimitable way.
Illustrated. $0.50.

APlain American in England
By Charles T. Whitefield

-The ridiculous solemnities of an English week-end
house-party. ‘‘ The only fault to be found with this is that it
is much too short.”’ <S aPEATE Sentinel. $0.50

Blaze Derringer
By Eugene P. Lyle, Jr., Author of “The Missourian, ”’ etc.

The romance of a $5,000 wager. When Blaze resigns from college
(by request) he begins his education in earnest. How he lays a
wager with his father, and, having all but lost, takes a hand in
South American intrigue and adventure, is a real, live story. You
will be curious to know how much he brings back with him.

Illustrated in color. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

P. S.—Ready August 15th, “THE MOTOR MAID”
By C. N. and A. M. Williamson, Authors of ‘‘ The Lightning Conductor.’

ee Page & Co., 133 E. 16th St., New York

Our friends are invi ed to visit our Library Salesroom. Our“ Guide to Good Books ”’ mailed free upon request.

ORIGINAL “CUTAWAY” TOOLS

Clark’s One Horse Market Garden or Grove Harrow is made reversible to
throw the soil either to or from the plant. It is especially desirable for the
small garden, truck or market garden’s use.

This tool is used extensively among gardeners, and in Florida it is also
used for orchard culture. It is a great labor saver.

Made in Three Sizes:
No. O, one horse with two gangs of 5 14-inch discs each.
No. OO, Light 2 horse, two gangs, 6 14-inch discs each.
No. OOO, Heavy 2 horse, two gangs, 7 14-inch discs each,
Send to- day for our FREE booklet describing 120 styles and sizes of
Cutaway Tools.

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

902 Main Street Higganum, Conn.

Do you intend to build a pouliry house?
Write to the Readers’ Service

TABLESPOON

IS THE HOUSEHOLD STANDARD OF BES URE au SOAP POWDERS

be fooled by

the size of the

Soap Powder Packages

~ Some look big but do little.

Here are the results of an actual test: |
You should be able to guess the
story—think of Corn before and

after it is POPPED

PEARLINE

ALWAYS HAS BEEN—IS NOW

ALWAYS WILL BE

Best by

WEIGHED ye OUNCE

ABL FUL OF ONE OF
THE FLUFFED;LOOK BIG PACKAGES
WEIGHED ONE-HALF OUNCE

TRY TO MAKE SOAP PASTE OF THE FLUFFED SOAP POWDERS
BY PEARLINE’S DIRECTIONS—SEE WHAT You" LL GET

UE BAR OF
THE FLUFFED, LOOK—BIG PACKAGES
WEIGHED ONE-HALF OUNCE SCANT

Plant Peonies
This Fall

Ready in September
Tee thrive better, bloom

earlier and grow larger
than if planted in the spring.
We specialize in these
plants and have just issued
a booklet on their culture,
including IRISES, ETC.,
for Fall Planting.

Write for catalog
giving cultural directions

Wild Bros. Nursery Co.
Box 514, Sarcoxie, Mo.

Dutch Bulbs and Roots

Of All Varieties

com Cc. G. van Tubergen, Jr.

Haarlem, Holland

Orders for importation only. Catalog free.
C.C. ABEL &CO., Sole Agents,112 Broad St., New York

SEEDS FOR THE HARDY GARDEN

Write to-day for copy of my Little Green
Book which contains a selected list of the
best varieties with prices.

HENRY SAXTON ADAMS, Wellesley, Mass.

EVERGREENS

can be successfully transplanted in

AUGUST

We have them in great variety; many rare sorts;
all transplanted or root-pruned, so that they will
lift with a ball of earth about the roots which
insures their living. Our Nurseries contain many
large specimen Evergreens aswell as thousands
of smaller sizes suitable for transplanting.

Send us your list of wants for prices.

We also have in large assortment

TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES and VINES
for OCTOBER delivery

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS
for SEPTEMBER planting

EVERYTHING FOR THE HOME-
GROUNDS

Our descriptive catalogs are exhausted, but a
new and improved edition will be out in Sep-
tember. Upon request we will mail a copy free.

The Bay State Nurseries

North Abington, Massachusetts

Specimen Colorado Blue Spruce onan estatein Massachusetts from our Nurseries

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

AvGustT, 1910

Little Gardens for Boys and Girls.
Margaret Higgins, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston;
Pp- 153; illustrated; price $1.10 net.

A book for beginners, which goes just far enough

By Mysta

to give children a good start. It does not attempt

to cover the entire field of garden possibilities, the

suggestions being elemental.

The Flower Gardens of Japan. Painted by Ella
Du Cane; described by Florence Du Cane. Imported
by The Macmillian Company, New York, 1909; pp.
248; 50 illustrations; price $6.00 net.

A brief account of the most striking flowers of the
country, and an introduction to landscape gardening
from the Japanese point of view. The illustrations
are from paintings, and the colors particularly clear.

Indoor Gardening. By Eben E. Rexford. J.B.
Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1910; pp. 318; 33
illustrations; price $1.50 net.

The care of the commoner house plants. The
information has been gained by the writer from
actual experience and rings true. The illustrations
are photographic.

Manual of Gardening. By L. H. Bailey.
Macmillan Company, New York, 1910;
numerous illustrations; price $2.00 net.

A “primer” for the amateur gardener which the
author, with the assistance of several collaborators,
has adapted to all parts of the United States. The
illustrations are most convincing and instructive.
The flower, vegetable and fruit gardens are dealt
with, as well as a certain amount of planting for
landscape effect. This new volume is largely a
combination of revised editions of the author’s
“Garden Making” and ‘‘Practical Garden Book.”

Spring Flowers at Belvoir Castle. By W. H.

The
PP- 5395

Divers. Imported by Longmans, Green & Company,
New York, 1909; pp- 103; 32 illustrations; price
$2.00 net.

The Duke of Rutland’s English estate has long
been famous for its flower garden effects. Just
how they are produced is here told by the head
gardener. The illustrations are all full-page, and
show the charming combinations that have been
successful year after year.

Popular Fruit Growing. By Samuel B. Green.
Webb Publishing Company, Minn., 1909; 298 pages;
many illustrations, including line cuts. Price $1.00.
A companion volume to that remarkably excel-

lent little volume “Vegetable Gardening,” by the

same author. A book of easy reference which gives
the essential facts so plainly and positively that it
will be of great benefit to the amateur.

Agriculture Through the Laboratory and School
Garden. By C. R. Jackson and Mrs. L. S. Daugherty.
Orange Judd Company, New York, 1909; pp. 435,
illustrated. Price, $1.50 net.

Laboratory work, subject matter and applica-
tion of agriculture principles are well proportioned
in this work. It is a text book, but it is very read-
able and has much value as a reference work as well.

This Month’s Cover

ES Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) shown on

this month’s cover is the most stately of all
the aquatics. It is a native of Japan and is quite
hardy and readily naturalized through the United
States, Several varieties are known, ranging in
color from white through creamy yellow to deep rose
pink, both double and single forms. It must be
planted in a confined root space; otherwise it is
likely to become a weed and undermines the foun-
dations of an artificial pond.

Gimitiwnde Ma)-a 4

AvucusT, 1910

ait SUDA Gas

MAY BE OPENED H
BS] el ae
FO et

2 ©
See Ss eee

AND CLOSED —
AT THE BOTTOM
FOR

Burlington

Venetian Blinds
Made for both windows and

porches; make a room or ver-
anda so shady and cool that you
find it delightfully comfortable,
even on the hottest day. Shut
out the sun, while admitting the
refreshing breezes.

Adjustable
to any angle, from open to closed,
to suit the angle and direction of
the sun’s rays.

Made to order only—any weod,
any finish, Send for free catalog.

BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND COMPANY,
327 Lake Street, Burlington, Vi.

BEAUTIFY YOUR GROUNDS WITH

Evergreens, Paeonies and Irises

Send for our attractive Catalogue

SHATEMUC NURSERIES

Barrytown, Dutchess County, N. Y.

Culture is the “Only Way” tomake
Big Money on Little Capital. One
acre is worth $25,000, and yields

more Revenue than a 100-acre farm,
with ten times less work and worry. Let meshow you how
to increase your annual income $500 to $5,000, and take life
easy and livein comfort on the large returns from a small
garden. T. H. SUTTON, 1100 Sherwood Ave., LOUISVILLE, KY.

WRITE FOR BIG ILLUS. FREE BOOKLET
showing our beds and farm and learn how to grow
mushrooms at home in cellars, sheds, stables,
boxes, outdoors, etc. Only small space necessary.
300 per cent. profit, markets waiting. We were
first, 25 years experience, make and sell best fresh
spawn, and teach you our methods free.
NATIONAL SPAWN & MUSHROOM CO.
Dept. 9 Ilyde Park, Mass.

Money Saver

Cheapest to install, least attention, fewest repairs,
highest efficiency and economical and dependable
under every condition of service is the

<, Lhere is not a valve or other get-out-of-order feature about
4t— just the easiest possible curved flow-lines without a sudden
change of direction in passage through the pump, enabling

GREATEST

water to be raised with less power than with
any other pump in existence. It’s the modem
way in pumping. There’s 41 years’ of manu-

‘facturing experience behind it. All gold
medals given to centrifugals at the Alaska-
Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle in 1909
Were awarded to this pump.

Made in both horizontal and vertical types, in any
‘size, in any number of stages
and equipped with any power.
Let us tell you of other sav-
ing features of this pump.

THE AMERICAN
} WELL WORKS

Gen. Office and Works,
AURORA, ILL.
Chicago Office, First National
Bank Building
420 First Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa.

THE GARDEN

Ij a problem grows in your garden wrile to 97
ea Le ee ,
the Readers’ Service for assistance ot

MAGAZINE

Here’s the U. S. Incinerator — Offi-
cially Adopted by the U. S. Govern-
ment, and Ordered for Army Purposes

If you are a contractor employing men in excavating and con-
struction work —

If you operate a mine or lumber camp —

If you are in charge of a hospital, sanatorium, or any institution
housing people, you should at once investigate the wonderful sim-
plicity, superiority and advantages of the U. S. Incinerator.

U. S. Incinerators provide for accumulating and disposing of
excreta and all! forms of waste, conveniently and
economically; and in a sanitary manner.

They can be“used separately as a single
toilet, or in batteries accommodating any number
of persons.

They are portable, economical, and require
no special attention.

The U. S. Incinerator totally destroys excre-
ment and all forms of waste with a sanitary and
odorless incineration, — positively emitting no
odor during accumulation or incineration.

Indispensable to hospitals — cremates dressings,
bandages and infectious parts from operations, sputum
cups, etc. : :

They solve the toilet problem in country homes,
hotels, and railroad stations, also summer resorts and
factories.

Reverse view of floor installation
showing firing side and position

The United States Incinera-
tor Equipped as a Toilet

Write us today for complete information as to how
it can best be applied to your particular purpose.

United States Incinerator Co., Inc.
Executive Office, 430 White Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y.
OFFICES AT
217 Chamber of Commerce Bldg.
Chicago, Ill.

2120 First Avenue
Birmingham, Ala. t

32 Union Square
New York

Sectional View of Incinerator Trap *Doorilastallation

Hardware Dealers wanted
Everywhere to Repre-
sent us

WRITE FOR TERMS

Reverse Side, showing Approach

and most

Largest 24 Stock of
Hardy Plants in America

Catalogue on Application

HARDY PHLOX

Over 250 varieties, many of which are far and
j above the best of the standards. No other firm in
the world can show so many. Also Delphiniums,
Iris, Hibiscus, etc. Write today for free list.

W. F. Schmeiske, 163 Robinson St., Binghamton, N. Y.

ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., Pittspurc, Pa.

The most prolific of large
Pot-grown Strawberries

You can have luscious, highly perfumed berries seven
inches in circumference within ten months, if you plant
pot-grown Silver Coin in July or August. Judge how
strongly Silyer Coin grows, how profusely it yields, by
the fact that it has produced such berries at a cost of
two cents per quart. Vigorous pot-grown plants, 75c
per dozen; $4 per hundred.

Pot-grown plants of all the good old varieties (at 50c per
dozen; $2.50 per hundred) listed and described, along with
full cultural instructions, in our free mid-summer catalog.

LOVETT’S NURSERIES, Box 125, Little Silver, N. J.
Strawberry Specialist for Thirty Years

The Readers’ Service will aid you
38 in planning your vacation trip

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

AuGcustT, 1910

FOR REAL COMFORT

WEAR THE NEEDRAW

Most comfortable
with either knee or
full length drawers.

Band with
adjustable
Pendant.

You cannot feel it.
Insist on hay-
ing the

Conforms to contour
of leg perfectly.
No metal touches

the flesh.

GEORGE FROST Co.
Makers, Boston.

Good all
the Year Na an
Round.

Cotton, Nic. Plate, 25c.
Silk Pd’t,Gold Plate, 50c. &
Mailed on Receipt of Price.

6 DECORATIVE HOUSE PALMS

Grow Your Own Palms FOR
Phoenix Canariensia, Chaniaero)s Excelsa, Wash-
ington Robusta, Washington Filifera, Dracaena 25c.

Australis, Phoenix Reclinata. The seeds of all

of these beautiful species offered can be germin—

ated easily without artificial heat. We send seeds PREPAID
and directions for 25c.

LOS ANGELES PALM CO.
Dept. B, 328 W. Adams St., Los Angeles, Cal.

Private Place Making Changes in Greenhouses
wish to dispose of entire palm house stock. Consist-
ing of two specimen Latania, one specimen Cycas,
other specimens, numerous other smaller plants,
palms, pandanus, ferns,etc. Correspondence invited.

WALTER ANGUS, Box 56, Chapinville, Conn.

MONEY MADE GROWING VIOLETS

Easily grown outdoors in cheap cold frames and gardens or in the house in
pots and boxes. Good deinand; costs little to start. A sensible business
for both menand women. Write for our free illustrated booklet and learn
how. Our plants are fine new stock. Wehelp you tosuccess. Start now.

Elite Conservatories, Dept. A, Hyde Park, Mass.

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIDS in the United States

AVG ERS (Cae Ee Wm ixi hase len lone
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

ee

Every Photographer, the novice, amateur, professional,
can save 30 per cent. on something indispensable. YOU
WILL HAVE TO HAVE IT SOONER OR
LATER. This valuable tip will be given by us to get
you acquainted with the best photographic magazine.

| Your name and address will bring to you sample copy
and the full information,

AMERICAN
PHOTOGRAPHY

1239 Beacon Bldg., Boston, Mass.

[THE SMALL

A Fragrant Flower for Winter
Bloom

HERE is no better flower for cutting in mid-

winter and early spring than Brompton
stock, and its fragrance alone should make it wel-
come. Good flowering plants for bloom during
midwinter and early spring may be raised by sowing
the seeds before the end of August. But better
still if sown in July.

For the best results buy seeds of named varieties
and the double kinds, too, because they are much
more massive than the singles. “They will cost from
fifteen to twenty-five cents a package. Not all
the plants will come true, but there will be a reason-
ably strong percentage.

The easiest way to grow the plants is to sow two
or three seeds in a small pot (2 or 3 inch) and
when they have developed several leaves remove
the weaker ones, leaving one plant to each pot.
Seeds may be sown in flats, when the young plants
must be pricked out into small pots as soon as they
have two or three leaves each. After transplanting,
they must be very carefully shaded and watered
until the roots have taken hold of the new soil,

In your greenhouse this fall grow some Brompton
stock. It is easy to cultivate and has a delightful
fragrance

when the pots may be removed to a coldframe where
they may also be shaded during the heat of the day.
Plants from pot-sown seeds should also be trans-
ferred to the coldframe, for a cooler temperature
can now be given them, especially during the day,
than can be maintained in the house. ‘They will
succeed better if planted in the greenhouse bench
or in boxes in the window than if grown in pots.
If, however, the plants are to be grown in pots,
shift them into larger pots one size at a time, until
they are in the flowering size—6 or 7 inch.
Never allow them to become pot bound until they

have become thoroughly established in the largest |

sized pot.
For greenhouse bench or window box culture,
set the plants in the beds from the 3 or 4 inch pots,

Buy This $250
Greenhouse Now|

Have an indoor garden of flowers all winter.
No leggy, laggy plants, but healthy, full
blooming ‘‘top-notchers.’’

Never has a greenhouse so well built
and thoroughly guaranteed been offered
at so low a figure. Price includes every-
thing, even to the boiler. Shipped knocked
down, ready for immediate erection.

Anyone can put it up—no foundations
needed. Turn the dreary months before
spring into summer by having this house.
Send for booklet.

Hitchings & Company

1170 Broadway, New York

A Mess at all seasons

of fresh Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar

J 40 cts, in postage stamps together with the name of your
* dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the

Ma, manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of 4
= Tambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN
the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising»
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
lbe sent to the same party, Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn.

DO wexr TO BE A BETTER SHOT?

Write us and we will give you some good pointers. We will
also send information about Guns and Rifles.
J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co., Dept. 282, Chicopee Falls, Mass,

Planet Jr Farm and Garden Tools

get largest crops with least work. Write to-day
for 1910 illustrated catalogue.

S. L. ALLEN & CO., Box 1108S, Philadelphia, Pa. .

?
Thorburn’s Lawn Grass Seeds
Containing a mixture of the finest Grasses : Quart 25¢, 2 quarts 45¢
4 quarts 80c. Sent prepaid by mail to any address in the United
States. Write for Catalogue.

J. M. Thorburn & Co., 33 Barclay St., New York

Horsford’s Hardy Plants~

For Cold Climates

If you are interested in hardy shrubs, plants, etc., something
that will stand cold weather, ask for Horsford’s Autumn Supple-
ment. You can begin to set herbaceous plants and earlier bulbs
in the middle of August, and some of the lilies by September
first. These get established before winter. The shrubs often
are ripe to transplant in Vermont by the middle of October.
Ask for our Autumn Supplement before placing your order.

F. Wf. WORSEFORD, Charlotte, Vt.

Landscape Gardening

A course for Home-makers and
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig’
and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell
University.

Gardeners whounderstand up-to-
date methods and practice are in
demand for the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape Gar-
dening is indispensable to those
who would have the pleasantest
homes.

Progr. Craic
250 page catalogue free. Write to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Dept. G, Springfield, Mass.

AuvucusT, 1910

‘4s much bigger and stronger as a decade of

steady growth can well make it.’’
—The Bookman.

The Romance of a Plain Man

By ELLEN GLASGOW
$1.50

BY THE SAME AUTHOR:

The Ancient Law

The Wheel of Life .

The Battle-Ground . .. .

The Voice of the People . 1.50

The Deliverance . Geet o 1.50

The Freeman and Other Poems, Net 1.50
(Postage, ] 2c.)

$1.50
1.50
1.50

“Tt is one of those rare books that make you

forget everything outside its covers.’’
—The Interior.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEw YORK.

Our “‘Guide to Gocd Books’’sent free upon request

FLORICULTURE

Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul-
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell
University.

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and
Vegetables, as well as Flowers Under Glass.

Personal Instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogne free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. F., Springfield, Mass.

Victor,

$100
HOW TO GROW ROSES

Prof. Craig

A splendid rose manual—telling howto #77 qG i
cultivate, fertilize, spray and mulch hee LALLA? (WiTZh
roses. Invaluable to every lover of the

Queen of Flowers, Mailed for 10 ,

cents—send today. Box 24 Weil Grove, P: Z

Lord Loveland
Discovers America

MEL

Lord Ioveland discovers the “ bread line*”*

By C.N. AND A. M. WILLIAMSON

Authors of
“The Lightning Conductor,’ “The Chaperon,’’ etc.

| ‘‘ The romance is one of the best of the many
by the Williamsons, a lively, light and always
interesting tale, with many little mysteries and
many well-drawn characters.’’—Boston Transcript.
““The story is full of incident, marked by a
sprightly wit, a keen analysis of character,’’—
Chicago News.

Illustrated in color. Fixed price,
$1.20 (postage, 12c.)

Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 E. 16th St., N. Y.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish 9
injormation about joreign travel 39

Is Your Milk Really Clean
or Merely Clean Looking ?

Strained milk all looks alike, it may be crowded
with germs, or positively sanitary. Straining takes
out the coarse dirt, but 1f the dirt and milk once become
mixed, the milk 1s tainted and cannot possibly be cleaned
by straining.

The Steriiac Pail assures really clean milk,
because it keeps the milk and the dirt from ever
coming into contact. It is the only effective, /ow- 5 cas :
cost device for producing pure milk. Further- “tded'nct anc. *™
more, it is better made and will last longer than any pail that you ever
owned. Try it at our risk.

Here is our offer: We will send a pail, prepaid delivery. You try itfor 10 days. If you are not
satisfied, send it back at our expense. If you like it, send us $2.50. Write us that you accept our offer,
and we will ship the pail. Specify a seamless pail if you prefer it, at an increase in price of 50 cents.

STERILAC COMPANY 2 Merchants Row, Boston, Mass.

Modern sanitary Milk Apparatus of all kinds.

Note the strainer cloth on
which the milk strikes.

Note the dirt-shelf which
catches the dirt falling from
the udder. The projecting top
shields the strainer cloth from
falling dirt.

It is easy to use, because the

For Autumn Planting

from the Growers direct to the Planter:

for Hot-beds
and Cold-frames

Full line of Holland Bulbs —

Lilies, Peonies, Iris, etc. Lay your plans now to have fresh vegetables on your
table all winter at insignificant expense—(or get six-
weeks-ahead-of-time prices on the spring market)—by
sending for our catalog today. SUNLIGHT Double
Glass Sash does away with mats and boards—gives plants
warm sunlight in coldest weather—saves time and trou-

ble—facilitates plant growth. Get catalog for full particulars.

Sunlight Double-Glass Sash Co.

927 E. Broadway

Ask for our Illustrated Catalogue.

Franken Brothers
Deerfield

Illinois

Louisville, Ky.

HAVE YOU ADDED THESE TWO VOLUMES

TO YOUR KIPLING LIBRARY ?

Actions and Reactions A Song of the English

A new volume of stories on many themes, with all For this splendid expression of national enthusiasm
the old fascination about them. Contents: ““An Habi- Mr. W. Heath Robinson has prepared a magnificent
tation Enforced,” ‘With the Night Mail,” “A Deal in series of illustrations. There are thirty full pages in
Cotton,” “The Mother Hive,” “Little Foxes,” “The color, ten full pages in black and white, and pen dec-
Puzzler,” “Garm—A Hostage,” and “The House orations on every page. Net, $7.50 (postage 30c.)
Surgeon.” Illustrated, $1.50. Also in Leather Pocket

Edition, Net, $1.50 (postage 8c.)

Other Books by RUDYARD KIPLING:

Pocket Edition of volumes marked ** bound in flexible red leather, each net, $1.50 (postage 8c.)

**The Day’s Work. $1.50.
**Stalky & Co. $1.50.
**Plain Tales fromthe Hills. $1.50.
**Life’s Handicap; Being Stories of estier). $1.50.

Mine Own People. $1.50. **D epartmental Ditties and Ballads
**T he Kipling Birthday Book. and Barrack-room Ballads.
**Under the Deodars, The Phan- $1.50.

tom ’Rickshaw and Wee Willie **Soldiers Three, The Story of the

Winkie. $1.50. Gadsbys, and In Black and
UES parE Beye White. $1.50.
.50 (postage 8c.) Kk -
With the Night Mail. Lae whens ie

$1.00 (postage 10c.) 60 ( 14
Kipling Stories and Poems Every SS $l. postage 4c.)
**The Seven Seas.

Collected Verse of Rudyard Kip- hild Should K Baitedab
ine, NSS OMG) (esses Le) Me Eat ee Chapie $1.40 (postage 14c.)
**Kim. $1.50. Net, $1.20 (postage 12c.) **Abaft the Funnel. $1.50.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East Sixteenth Street, NEW YORK

Our “‘ Guide to Good Books”’ sent free upon request

**The Light that Failed. $1.50.
**Soldier Stories. $1.50.
**The Naulahka (With Wolcott Bal-

**Puck of Boole ill. Illustrated

incolor. $1.5
They.
Illustrated in color.
$1.50 (postage 10c.)
**Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50.
**The Five Nations. Fixed price,
$1.40 (postage I Ic.)
** Just So Stories. Fixed price, $1.20
(postage |5c.)

The Just So Song Book. Fixed
price, $1.20 (postage 8c.)

Special Holiday Edition.
Fixed price,

Fixed price,
$1.50.

Fixed price, 4
2 Fixed price,

Fixed price,

If you wish to systematize your business the
40 Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

AvuGusmT, 1910

Try This “RICHMOND’
Suds-Maker Free

You simply turn the faucet and The Ricumonp: Suds-Maker delivers

thick, hot suds.

It does not in any way interfere with the hot water

faucet and can be easily attached toit. It gives you instead, two faucets—
one for clean, hot water—the other for thick, hot suds.

Just send your name and address together with
the nameand address of your local plumber and
we will forward by express prepaid one “RicHMonp: Suds-Maker.
think you can spare it, return it at our expense.

greatest convenience, money and time saver you can install in your kitchen.

THE MS¢CruM-HOWELL Co. 274 Terminal Building

Think of the dozens of ways
this ingenious device will
cut down the work in the
kitchen! Learn what it
means to save hundreds of
steps every day—to always
have thick creamy soap suds
on tap. The““Richmond’’Suds:
Maker gives you any quantity
of soapand water thoroughly
mixed in scientific propor-
tion—it is always ready to
meet your instant needs. It
puts an end to the drudgery
of dishwashing—simply place
dishes, silver, glassware
under its creamy suds for an
instant, then just rinse and
wipe. It putsan instant auto-
matic end to waste, to un-
sightly soap dishes, to the
nuisance of using up the
odds and ends of soap. Use
any kind of soap.

Use it ten days—then if you
This is your chance to learn about the

Write today.
New York, N. Y.

Save Lumber and Labor

You can almost dowble the life of every piece of lumber on your place—every post,
plank, sill or silo—saving dollars in material for every cent of cost, by using

Conservo Wood Preservative

It penetrates the wood and prevents wet or dry rot, ot injury by insects.

Used inside

of stables, sheds, tie-ups or coops, it will preserve the wood, kill foul smells, drive out insects

and make the premises sound and wholesome.
testimony of users.

Send for circular giving full information and

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Mfg. Chemists, 1 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass.

dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given.
THe GARDEN Macazine, 133 East 16th Street, New York.

LARGE BERKSHIRES

at HIGHWOOD

Mature animals weigh 600 lbs. to 950
Ibs. Several litters this spring of 12, 13
and 14, one of 15 and one of 17 So far.
Litters last year averaged 11.

Spring offering of pigs 8 weeks old in pair
or trios no akin. Every animal registered at
our expense and if not satisfactory return it
and get your money back. Write for booklet.

H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING

Prof. Graham

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

Address INFORMATION

Information about the
selection or care of
DEPARTMENT,

There’s Money in P oultry

Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham,
Connecticut Agricultural College,
make poultry pay.

Personal tstruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass.

late of the
teaches how to

DUNDEE, N. Y.

that new hen-house or fix up the old one but get our large 100 pp. catalog $
DON’T BUILD and circulars (over 120 illustrations) showing POTTER PORTABLE A 4 O H

SANITARY POULTRY HOUSES, Roosting and Nesting Outfits, Per-
fection Feed Hoppers, Trip Nests, Feeds, and supplies of all kinds. Potter Fixtures have been on the
market nearly 10 years. They are made in 3 styles and x2 sizes, and are complete, convenient and sanitary. |
Our Portable (K. D. made in sections) Hen-houses, Brood Coops, Pigeon Lofts, are made in 20 styles and |
sizes, from a coop 2 ft. square to a complete house 8 x 80 feet, or longer, at lowest prices. House shownis /|
&x 10 feet, complete with 8 ft. Potter Outfit for 30 hens, for $40. A fine house at a low price. — If you need
a house or coop of any kind do not fail to find out about the Potter line before buying or building.

9 or sell your laying hens, use the POTTER SYSTEM and pick out the layers
DON T KILL from the loafers and diseased hens. Keep only healthy laying hens. The
POTTER SYSTEM is a secret and the greatest discovery of the century |

in the poultry world on the subject of Egg Producing Hens. Used by over 30,000 satisfied poultry keepers
who are saving dollars every year. Our New roo pp. Potter System book, ‘Don't Kill the Laying Hen,”
contains the secret and knowledge about laying and non-laying hens. It's a revelation to poultry keepers
and you will learn how you can use the Potter System on your flock; keep less hens, get more eggs and make
Jnore money using it. Write today sending 2 RED STAMPS to cover postage on our large catalog and

OUSE

circulars telling all about Potter Poultry Products made for Particular SU a If you are particular and want to make more money on your flock

you will write us today.

POTTER & CO., Box 22, Downers Grove, Ilinois, U. S. A.

but if the benches are not available when the plants
have reached that size, keep them growing and shift
as needed to larger pots until there is bench room.

Stocks need but little training. Allow each plant
to make only eight to ten branches, rubbing out all
others that start except perhaps four or five near
the top of the central stem. Grow them in a well-
drained, rich, loamy compost, and keep the tempera-
ture in the greenhouse or coldframe as low as pos-
sible during the warm weather. Upon the approach
of cold weather keep a night temperature of from
48 to 50 degrees, with an increase of ten degrees
during the day. j

A top dressing of fresh cow manure may be given
from time to time, if the flower buds have become
large enough to be easily seen, or this food may
be given in liquid form by watering the soil with
manure water once or twice a week.

Pennsylvania. E. O. Mason.

Garden Gossip

jain you ever seen a lawn on a roof? One

of our readers who went to Norway last
summer sent us a colored postal card showing one
of the famous grassed roofs of the Norwegian
cottages. We saw imitations of these in England
on cabins evidently built for the purpose. But
isn’t this going too far? Every climate imitates a
warmer one. The colder climates have fewer
species of plants. Shall we rob them, too, of their
unique attractions? The log houses of Norway
are sometimes covered with a bluish mist made by
the charming little wild heart-ease (Viola tricolor),
the chief parent of the modern pansy.

One of the fine sights of August is the bronzing
of the foliage of Rodgersia podophylla. The
picture of this fine hardy Japanese perennial in
full bloom published last year excited so much
enthusiasm that a good many plants were imported
from England. We hope that any readers who
havg succeeded in blooming Rodgersia will tell us
all about it, preferably with a photograph.

Mr. T. G. Phillips of Detroit showed us an
ingenious rose arch which looked good to us. The
arch is composed of two sets of iron pipe with a
foot-wide strip of netting between. He plants a
Dorothy Perkins rose between two plants of Hall’s
honeysuckle. The honeysuckle is allowed to
grow until it obscures all the pipe. Then it is cut
back to three leaders. Thus the rose has a good
foil for its blossoms and after blooming its shabbi-
ness is hidden. The honeysuckle conceals the
framework from May to November and gives
scattering bloom all summer. Another combina-
tion used by Mr. Phillips is a climbing rose between
two plants of Clematis paniculata. This clematis,
like Hall’s honeysuckle, will spread over the entire
netting during August and September, hiding the
deficiencies of the rose, without strangling or rob-
bing it. Have you a scheme you like better?

It is getting to be quite a fad to collect postal
cards of garden scenes. ‘The other day we saw a
collection of about two hundred garden scenes
picked up in England by an American. Some of the
postal card publishers have no conscience. Sky-blue
tulips in a Dutch nursery — the idea! And before
us is a picture taken at Palm Beach which is sup-
posed to show oleanders in bloom, but the flowers
are all at the sides and bottom of the bush, whereas
in real life they grow at the top!

The largest of all poppies is Romneya Coulteri,
a Californian plant with white flowers, sometimes .
eight inches across, beautifully fluted and of satiny
texture. There is a hundred times more enthu-
siasm about it in England than in America. Skilled
amateurs are always discussing methods of growing
it. Some say the plant should be cut to the ground
after flowering and allowed to spring up again.
This method is said to produce fewer but larger
flowers.

Tons of Christmas roses! Well, that is “going
some!” Sir Herbert Maxwell tells of a gardener
at Balcaskie, Scotland, who grows them at this rate
in a kitchen garden. He grows them in a deeply
prepared, rather stiff soil mixed with an abundance
of well-decomposed leaf mold. He propagates
them in March, cutting off all long ends, which, if
left untrimmed, cause the crowns to rot, and dibbles
the slices into lines. August is a good month to
buy the plants.

New York. W. M.

AvGcustT, 1910

Look Him
Right In The Eye

Two sorts of agents claim that disk-
filled or other complicated, hard-to- wash,
out-of-date cream separators are modern
and easy to clean. One sort knows bet-
ter, but hopes you don’t, because he
wants to sell you that kind of machine,
Look that fellow right in the eye — tell
him you do know better and that he
can’t fool you. The other sort of agent
is simply mistaken—he does not know
the facts. Tell him to look at a

Sharples Dairy
Tubular

Cream Separator

Tell him it has neither
! disks or other contraptions, yet
, produces twice the skimming
(fmm, fOLCe, Skims faster, skims
twice as clean and washes
several times easier than com-
mon separators. Wears a life-
time.

The World’s Best. World’s big-
gest separator works. Branch
factories in Canada and Germany.
Sales easily exceed most, if
not all, others combined.
Probably replace more common sep-
arators than any one maker of
such machines
sells.

Write for Cata-
logue No. 215.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, PA.

Ohicago, Til. San Francisco, 01 Cal. Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can.

2 e
Ironing Day Hot?
You can avoid the excessive heat of the flat iron, save four-
fifths of your time, and do the ironing better by using the

Home Ironing Machine
It irons all flat pieces beautifully, without
scorching. Savestime, labor, clothes, money
Light, simple, inexpensive. Gas or gasoline
sheat costs le per hour. 30 Days’ Free Trial.
Booklet “Clean Linen” Free.
HOME IRONINC MACHINE
254-T Madison Street, Chicago, Ill.

PENNSYLVANIA

Quality LAWN MOWERS

THE ONLY MAKE WITH CRUCIBLE TOOL-STEEL
BLADES THROUGHOUT _

MAKAROFF
Rees 5 LAN

CIGARE TS

15 cents and a quarter
AT YOUR DEALER’S
Nearly everybody smokes them now

Red Cedar Wood Drives Away Moths

Let us mail you, free of any expense to you, our
big illustrated Catalog “G” telling all about Pied-
mont Red oe Chests, Chifforobes (combination
of Chiffonier and Ward-
robe), Highboys, etc.

The fragrance of Red Cedar
wood is delightful to the human
nostrils, but means sure death
to moths. The illustration
shows one of our many designs,
a Colonial Highboy. It is char-
acterized by its unique beauty
and elegance-

Piedmont Red Cedar Furniture
gives a tone of distinctiveness
to the furnishings of any home.
Send us your address, and you will
get our Catalog **G"’ by return mail.

PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Dept. 38, Statesville, N. C.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Ij} you wish information about dogs
apply to the Readers’ Service

Goa

HE

-E WAN

STEM OF

WR TER

» When yousee
this
oster

in the

dealer’s window

you will know

he sells and
installs the

Kewanee System

W ean you see the Kewanee poster, there

you will find adealer in Kewanee Water Supply
Systems. That dealer deserves your confidence,
because he sells a water supply system which
has proved its success by thousands of installations.

A Kewanee System willsupply an abundance of water,
delivered under strong pressure, to all plumbing fix-
tures and hydrants. No city water works system could
be better. We know of no priyate water system as good.

Thousands of Kewanee Systems are supplying water
every day for country and suburban homes, farms, coun-
try clubs, schools, public institutions, hotels, apartment
buildings and even towns. Kewanee Systems are fur-
nished in sizes and styles for any requirements. Prices,
from $70.00, up.

Kewanee Pneumatic Tanks are the perfect pneu-
matic tanks. No elevated or attic tank to leak, freeze,
overflow or collapse—the Kewanee Tank is under ground
orin the cellar. Water is delivered by air pressure.

Kewanee Pumping Machinery—designed and
built for the exacting requirements of air pressure ser-

1564 Hudson-Terminal Building,
1212 Marquette Building, Chicago, Illinois.

IIIS DPIPIIDPBDPDBPBESS SSS i

weaving—no chance for

Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, III.

WHEELOCK “RUST PROOF” FENCE CO.

SUPPLY

KEWan EE

SYSTEM OF
WATER SUPPLY

KEWANEE j
WATER SUPPLY CO. [lus

LEW Vor, eles ert
2 soe

Ny

of Water Supply

vice—is in a class by itself—as far superior to ordinary
commercial pumping machinery, as Kewanee Tanks are
superior to leaky attic tanks. Pumps are operated by
hand, gasoline engines, electric motors, ete.—depending
on your choice and the local conditions.

Kewanee Systems are made in Kewanee. Asmanu-
facturers of these plants, we are responsible for every
part of them. One shipment—one freight bill—one
handling at your end of the line—one guarantee—one
firm to fall back on.
ing of responsibility.

Have your local Kewanee dealer show you our com-
plete catalogues and explain the KewaneeSystem. Tell
him about your requirements, so he can consult with our
engineering department and select the most satisfactory
and economical water system for you. We will guaran-
tee the results. :

If there is no Kewanee dealer in your town, write to
us. We will explain everything and help you solve your
water supply problem. Ask for our 64-page illustrated
catalogue, No.

No complicated handling—no shift-

50 Church Street, New York City.
305 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa,

SSSI SINISE SOOO
WHEELOCK FENCE will last your lifetime!

It’s strong — 5/32" wire — unclimbable— and heavily galvanized after

rust — guaranteed RUST PROOF for all time.

Wheelock Trellis, Flower Bed Guard and Tree Guard

Send for booklet

Slater Building

POT GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS

for August and September planting.
Much superior to

Berries next spring.
potted plants almost sure to live.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.,

Write for

Plants that produce a crop of delicious
layer plants for summer planting.
list
YALESVILLE, CONN.

Box G,

— SSS EES SSS

Worcester, Mass.

Our §

of varieties and prices. }

What is a jasr rental jor a given
42 property? Ask the Readers’ Service

Andorra Grown Peonies

For
August and September Planting

We catalog a special collection of
one hundred choice varieties, and list
them with complete descriptions in our

Calendar of Perennials

Also a special offering of Choice Pink
Peonies, three year old plants, good
standard sorts in varieties of our selection

Per Dozen - - - $ 4.00
Two Dozen - - = 7.00
Fafty | 27> 2 =e eee 00)
Per Hundred - - 25.00

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Reproduced from photo of Andorra’s Feonies

Three Magazines
For Every Home

COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA

Beautiful, practical, entertaining.

$4.00 a year.

' THE WORLD’S WORK
interpreting to-day’s history.
$3.00 a year.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE—
FARMING

telling how to make things grow.

$1.50 a year.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD'’s WoRK ‘Tur GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEw YorK.

Box G

Peterson’s Perfect Peonies

Rose and Peony Specialist

“ANDORRA NURSERIES

WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop.
Chestnut Hill Phila., Pa.

PAEONIES

The best in the world. Every choice variety known
Prices greatly reduced.

Marguerite Gerard $1.00
Baroness Schroeder $2.00
Strong roots, well grown by one who has given ten
years to the study of Pzonies exclusively. List free.

E, J. SHAYLOR

Festiva Maxima 25 cents
Felix Crousse 50 cents

Wellesley Farms, Mass.

NOW IS THE é66 99
TIME TO USE

—_— It will make your flowering
——— SS => plants grow in.beautiful profus-

ql | jon: i Sas make your late Nees
| tables tender and sweet, almost
EGE ea ee } doubling the production. An
PLANT Fi } application now will keep all
) plant life in fine condition for
| the balance of the season, and
lf bring about marvelous results
| for the coming season.
| Put up in dry form in all size packages
as follows:

1 |b., makin

MS jo
) ro lbs.,

BONORA CHEMICAL CO.
488-492 Broadway. cor. Broome Street

New York

VHML SEY UU MY

Bonora

584 BaoaowAr- New YORK

[

AGAIN PROVE INVINCIBLE

Winning this year at the big New York and Boston
exhibitions ten first prizes out of eleven entries — an
unprecedented achievement.

“Che Flower Weautiful’

for 1910, a gem of the printer’s art, tells you in detail all about
this noblest and most beautiful outdoor flower of modern times.
Want acopy? Ready August Ist. It’s free.

GEORGE H. PETERSON
Box 50, Fair Lawn, N. J.

AuveusT, 1910

Garden Duties for August

OW seed of sweet William in the Middle and

Lower South in the place where the plants are

to grow. They are excellent for borders on account

of their hardiness and long season of bloom. Here

in Middle Georgia they flower from the first of
April until late in the summer.

Very early in the month sow seed of hollyhocks,
campanula, dianthus, perennial phlox, and car-
nations for flowers next spring. Keep the beds
thoroughly moist until the plants are well estab-
lished.

Sow seeds of garden peas at once. Early and
medium early varieties are the best for the uplands,
and medium early and late for the Lower South.
Continue to sow seed of early bush beans and, until
the tenth of the month, seed of early bush squashes.

Be sure to plant some lily bulbs this fall. When
once planted, they need no attention beyond keep-
ing down the weeds. Prepare the soil now by
spreading a half-bushel of well-decayed cow man-
ure to each square yard, and dig it in at least twelve
inches. Order the bulbs the last of this month; get
the largest sized and pay the highest prices. Cheap
bulbs will be more expensive in the end, for they
may not grow.

Save your own watermelon seed if you have a
good variety and it has not been grown close to other
sorts or near squashes, pumpkins, and citrons. I
always prefer saving my own watermelon seed, as
I have never been able to buy any that suits me as
well as those I save from year to year. Dry the
seeds in the shade, as the sun will kill the ger-
minating power. I usually prefer to buy musk-
melon seed.

Set out celery plants in a very rich, moist soil.

Sow plenty of rutabaga seed so as to get a good
stand. The plants prefer a moist soil.

Harvest onions when their tops begin drop-
ping. Sow seed of early sweet corn at once, in rich
soil.

Give the fruit garden frequent cultivations; it
is just as important to keep it free from weeds now
as in the spring.. Do not think because the trees
have fruited for the year that a few seeds will not
do any harm; they not only do harm to the trees
now, but make seed which will give trouble another
year.

Georgia.

The Aster Aphis Vanquished

S THE August, 1909, GARDEN MAGAzinE I read

of a remedy for aphides on aster roots. That
very morning I had noticed that many of my plants
seemed to be dying. I immediately investi-
gated and found that they were indeed the victims
of this pest. It was too scorching a day to do
as directed in the magazine, and I knew I should not
have sufficient time that evening, yet I dared not
leave those little murderers at work another
twenty-four hours.

Having myself planted at least two hundred of the
little seedlings, I knew the time it would require to
take up each little plant, dip its root in soap suds,
clothe it in wood ashes and replace — so I com-
promised. I did not lift any, but I rapidly gave each
little stalk base a dose of wood ashes with my
trowel, cutting the earth a little as I did it. Then
I gave them all, especially at their roots, a thorough
soaking with strong Ivory soap suds. This
method certainly did the work and my plants are
again in splendid condition.

Massachusetts. HELEN W. HARDING.

THomas J. STEED.

AveusT, 1910

NEW EDITIONS OF

i A Girl of the Limberlost

and
Freckles

Uniformly bound and illustrated in color by
W. T. BENDA

Each Volume, Net, $1.20

At the Foot of the Rainbow

Color Illustrations, $1.50

These three idyllic Nature stories by

Gene
Stratton-Porter

have sold steadily by tens of thou-
|sands. Their appeal is straight and
|fine; the setting is the outdoors; and
characters of the type of Freckles and
Elnora are held as standards of pure-
minded, lovable boyhood and gitl-
hood in thousands of American homes.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

NEW YORK

4 Our friends are invited to visit our Library Salesroom, where
they may leisurely look over our books, magazines, etc. We al-

g * is ” y)
so invite requests for our ‘Guide to Good Books,’ mailed free.

| Rustic, Verandah and Garden Furniture
Send for catalogue of many designs

NORTH SHORE FERNERIES CO.

Beverly, Mass.

It gives
you the joy of the
open every month and
helps solve your problems

With the Home Builder’s
Supplement

: If a problem grows in your garden wrile t P
Ae H E G A R D E N M A G A 1, I N E the Renae IS enuice Von Vetslaioe: 3 43

Before you build your house—before you get your plans—before
you decide anything—send for and study our 120-page book:

“CONCRETE HOUSES AND COTTAGES”

There are two volumes, one showing small
houses and one showing large houses; each
has over a hundred illustrations, with floor
plans. All the houses shown are built of
concrete in some form.

For the sake of economy, utility and attract- ~

iveness, your house should be built of
concrete. The book explains. The price is
$1.00 per volume. And when you build

remember that

ATLAS cemeN’

EMENT

MAKES THE BEST CONCRETE

WE ALSO MANUFACTURE STAINLESS

ATLAS-WHIT

PORTLAND
CEMENT
FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES

Other books in the Atlas Cement Library:

Concrete Construction about the Home and on the Farm, Free
Concrete in Highway Construction - - - - - $1.00
Concrete in Railroad Construction - = = = = 1.0

Reinforced ConcreteinFactory Construction (deliverycharge).10
Concrete Cottages, Free oncrete Garages, Free

Specify Atlas. It is the standard brand.
It is made from genuine Portland Cement
rock only, contains no furnace slag, is always
fine and of uniform quality.

Atlas is the brand bought by the Govern-
ment for the Panama Canal.

If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas, write to

THE ATLAS PorTLandD CEMENT co. inauiry Dept.

Largest productive capacity of any cement company in the world. Over 50,000 barrels per day.

100 Camassias, rich purple, $1.00

12 Lilium Pardalinum, $1.0

Famous Californian Bulbs for
Every Garden Everywhere

California is noted for its wonderful outdoor-blooming flowers, many of which will thrive in most
parts of the Eastas well. I have carefully collected and classified these,and list them in my attrac-
tively illustrated Catalogue of ‘‘Californian Bulbs,’’ which describes varieties adapted to every
garden. Explicit cultural directions are included, so that growing these varieties becomes an
easy matter, and by following this book no one nee make the mistake of selecting a plant for Fi
a locality to which it is not suited. This Catalogue lists the choicest of the Lilies, Mariposa £
Tulips, Dog’s-Tooth Violets (the finest in the world), Floral Firecrackers (see illus-
tration at the right), and Camassias, as well as a very complete list of the most desirable
\ Annual Seeds. My California customers will also be interested in my Catalogue, now
ready, listing Dutch Bulbs for fall planting —Tulips, Hyacinths, Daffodils, etc. Here
are a few of the attractive special offers I am making just now:

ariposa Tulips, the finest varieties, 40 cents
0 1

The above sent postpaid on receipt of price. If possible, order early—the supply is
limited. My Catalogues are free— either or both will be sent on request.

CARL PURDY, Grower and Dealer, Box G, UKIAH, CALIFORNIA

30 Broap Srt., N. Y. Zoning
a3
S

S
P

100 Dog’s-Tooth Violets, $1.50

loral Firecrackers, 50 cents

If you wish to purchase live-stock
44 write the Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Avucust, 1910

Garden Planning

HE planning of a garden is not the simple
matter it may appear at first sight. It
involves attention to many considerations con-
nected with the character and position of the site
and its surroundings, as well as to those questions
in which both horticulture and good taste play
important parts.

Each particular site presents a problem to itself,
and the art of the garden-maker must be exercised
first in studying the factors, and then in permitting
them to guide him to a good result.

Though garden-making in a large measure is
controlled by principles based upon Art, purely
artistic considerations can only serve the designer
when they are subordinated to the practical needs.
As in other branches of applied art, utility claims
first consideration, so in garden-making the con-
ditions which make for the welfare of the flowers,
and the comfort and convenience of those who
use the garden, must always receive attention.

This does not imply that successful flower cul-
ture is the be-all and end-all of gardening, for that
would be to ignore the beauty of the garden picture.
It is possible to give due weight to the picturesque,
without in the slightest measure discounting the
value of the garden from a horticultural standpoint.
On the other hand, the mistake only too frequently
is made of supposing that well-filled beds and
borders, abundant blossom, and neatly kept grass
and walks are the sole desiderata of gardening. If
that were so, it were better to grow one’s flowers as
the market gardener grows his cabbages — in rows.
The gardening enthusiast is too apt to permit his
pride in the flowers to blind him to the value of a
garden picture. He sees the individual, but not
the crowd. It were better he should adopt the
standpoint of the landscape gardener, who thinks
less of plants as plants than as elements in a com-
position, in the way of a painter of pictures.

The garden, however small, is amenable to
treatment on truly artistic principles, and the first
thing to recognize is that it must be homogeneous.
It should appeal to the eye as a whole before it
claims attention in detail. Everything in the gar-

"Here’s a Greenhouse Idea for You

It simply means that you havea chance to “tend garden”
indoors among the most advantageous conditions.

There are certain well-defined reasons why the U-Bar way
of constructing these houses makes them superior for your
purpose ; but the catalog both tells and shows them in such
a satisfactory, interesting way, that we are going to ask you
% = > ks to send for it. Bear in mind, however, that if vou are really
weath 2r, NO matter what time of year. Besides when such a seriously considering having a greenhouse, that we will gladly
house is so handy you will run in several times a day to fuss come and talk the question over with you any day you sug-
around among the flowers a bit. gest. Start by sending for the catalog.

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

PIERSON
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS

Attach one of these attractive little U-Bar greenhouses of ours
drect to your residence. It makes an ideal conservatory or
sun room.

When you come to think abcut it, what a wonder it is that
more people don’t attach their greenhouses right to their homes
so they can reach the greenhouse at any tme, during any

U-BAR CO.
1 MADISON AVE..NEW YORK.

ILLETT’S

Hardy Ferns and Flowers
For Dark, Shady Places

Send for my descriptive catalogue

oy 9 Garden bad
Vick’s iiss Guide
The 1910 Autumn Edition wili be ready August 15th.

You will need its assistance in selecting

Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissus,
Crocus, Lilies, Hardy Plants

for Fall planting, and we will be pleased to mail you a

den must be interdependent, and the general pic-
ture must be distinguished by balance, unity of
effect, and a studied harmony of line and mass.
If common-sense principles, based upon full
knowledge and recognition of the governing factors
of the problem, be allowed to control the design,

of over 50 pages, which tells about
this class of plants. It’s free.

Epwaro GILLETT,BOX G SOUTHWICK, MASS

the result will not only make for beauty, but gar-
dening, in the sense of successful flower culture,
will be agreeable and plain sailing.

There must be no exaggeration of special features,
no discordant note to worry the eye, no forcing of
effects. The size of the garden hardly enters into
the question. It is just as easy, and just as diffi-
cult, to plan a large garden as a small one. The
same general principles apply in both cases. It is
largely a question of scale.

Gardens which are made haphazard are rarely
successiul, yet the majority of small gardens have
been so made. The inference is obvious. How
often do we not see, from the vantage-point of some
suburban railway line, garden after garden in
monotonous succession, all planned to a common
type? Some may be neat and well kept, others
neglected, but the outlines are the same in all,
probably conceived and made by the speculative
builder’s foreman, whose knowledge and skill can
hardly be expected to rank high in this department
of his work.

When the gardener himself has taken the pains
to model his garden to suit his own views of what
it should be, the result is more often than not marred
by mistakes which arise from hastiness and an
inadequate knowledge of, or attention to, essentials.
Possibly the commonest error is to ignore aspect,
planning for symmetry, which is hardly ever con-
sistent with the best arrangement for flower-growing
in a plot of limited size.

Another mistake is to ovérelaborate, thereby
destroying simplicity and breadth of effect.

I do not intend to enumerate all the shortcomings
of the modern small garden. Skilful planning,
particularly when applied to gardens of limited size,
includes economy of space, or, in other . words,
making the most of the space available,..“And this
is only possible by giving proper consideration to
aspect. W. S. RoGERs.

free copy on request. JAMES VICK’S S N
$362 Main St., Rochester, N. Y.

Grand Show of Asters —
The Station Agent’s Plan : y)

My Aster beds are along the railroad track of OF i A
the Central New England. It has been my % F F |
pleasure to haye a grand show. The black Te j 886
beetle and the striped bug are very troublesome. \S

These pests will skin the whole bunch if we

let them alone, but we don’t let them alone,

for as soon as the plants are well grown I take

Hammond’s Slug Shot and a bellows and go over the whole. On a still day

dust settles everywhere. Then when the blooms begin to open we give them

another dose and we have the flowers. This year we let them go, and the bugs or

beetles got a start and we started for them, but they did us damage. For many years I have known Slug
Shot and used it, and there is no use trying to raise flowers or fruit or vegetables without you watch
them, because as sure as the sun shines you will have bugs, lice or beetles which you must get rid of.
Now on cucumbers the striped bugs play havoc. You told me once to ;

put some Slug Shot in water and sprinkle the rows. When that is done Hammond’s
the cucumbers grow. ‘The cherry trees will cur! the leaves with lice;
if you can blow Slug Shot over these ends the Slug Shot sticks to
the sticky mess which comes where these lice are and they do not
spread.

NOS SLU Ry?

Yours respectfully,
LUTHER BRUNDAGE.
Billings, N. Y.

on ‘‘Bugs and Blight’’ Worth
Having Write to

Hammond’s Slug-Shot Works

FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON, NEW YORK

TRADE MAKE

ONE

Will Last Through
Many Vacations

The more you write, the more you will
appreciate the convenience of owning a
Waterman’s Ideal.

Wherever you go you will enjoy having
your own pen. Your letters and friendly
post-cards may all be written while those
who are not provided with a Waterman’s
Ideal are thinking about the inconvenience
of their correspondence.

A medium size Waterman’s Ideal will
write 20,000 words with one filling.
It is a safe pen to carry, there is no
fear of soiling your fingers when
writing and you can secure just the
size and kind of gold pen point you
desire. All styles: Standard, Self-
Filling and Safety. (The Safety style
can be carried in your trunk, filled
with ink, and cannot spill.)

Booklet Mailed on Request

From the Best Dealers Everywhere

L. E. Waterman Company
173 Broadway, N. Y.

8 School Street, Boston 189 Clark Street, Chicago
734 Market Street, San Francisco Kingsway, London
123 St. Francois Xavier St., Montreal

Traveler’s
Ink Filler
Price 25:

‘

Cc

"=eny}
aS

COLUMBIA

GRAND OPERA RECORDS ~

LINA CAVALIERI, the famous dramatic soprano, sings

exclusively for the Columbia.

Heard cn Columbia Records, her voice
is the living voice of Cavalieri—
rich, clear, sweet and unmistakable.

We are nere announcing the first records Cavalieri has ever been
persuaded to sing—and they are ready for you at the nearest
Columbia dealer's:

LA BOHEME (Puccini), Mi chiamano Mimi (Mimi they call me), with or-

A5172 chestra accompaniment.

MEFISTOFELE (Boito) L’altra notte in fondo al mare (The other night

into the deep sea), with orchestra accompaniment.

TOSCA (Puccini) Preghiera—Vissi d’arte e d’amor (Prayer—For love and

A5178 art I've lived), with orchestra accompaniment.

MANON LESCAUT (Puccini) In quelle trine morbide (In these soft silk

curtains), with orchestra accompaniment.

CARMEN (Bizet) Habanera (Love is a woodbird wild), sung in French,

A5179 with orchestra accompaniment.
MARIA! MARI! (E. di Capua), sung in Neapolitan with orchestra ac-
companiment.

As above, in |2-inch double-disc form—a selection on each side of
the disc—$3. Each selection is also issued as a single disc at $2.

The Columbia Grafonola “Regent”

The One Incomparable
Musical Instrument

Price $200.

Columbia Phonograph Co., Gen’! Dept. BN, Tribune Bldg., N.Y-

elu of the Talking Machine Industry. Pioneers and Leaders in the Talking Machine Art. i

Pri ners ofthe Fundai.ental Patents. Largest Manufactrrers of Talkinu Machines in the world.

Dene 28 era plus duty. Headquarters for Canada—264 Yonge Street, Toronto, Ont. COPYRIGHT
= TS -varted. 5

Exclusive selling rights given where we are not properly represented.

DAVIS & EICKEMEYER

THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK

SEPTEMBER Succession Crops in the Flower Garden 15g,:'5

1910 Sours and Dillies Primroses and Primulas Ee
Vol. XI. No.2 | Wall Gardening A Dahlia Hobby — $1.50 a Year

XN

OLD FASHIONED GARDEN

OF FLOWERS THAT CAN BE PRODUCED FROM SEEDS SOWN NOW

Pkt.
; ; c la (Canterbury Bell), single, rose, blue,
Boddington’s Quality Double Hollyhocks ((p et or nixed ne Unsle Tose, bine,

Pkt. %0Oz, Campanula, double, rose, blue, white, or mixed... 05

Apple Blossom ...............eseeeeeeeees $0 10 $050 Chrysanthemum Maximum ‘‘ Shasta Daisy”..... 05
Bright Pink. 2.5... s- senate 10 50 Delphinium (Hardy Larkspur), Erskine Park

Canary Yellow...................-2...5- 10 50 hybrids... f5402k «spe oon epee eee 25
Blood=Red) csc... staseceeertne ec 10 50 Digitalis Gloxinizflora (Foxglove) finest mixed. 05
GOriMSON 5 oo eiessie science cede ee econ eas 10 50 Gaillardia Grandiflora (Blanket Flower), Bod-

Golden Yellow ; ...:.....:22osne neste 10 50 dington’s new hybrids ........... eieiletoem eS 25
LCT a See enn ants cnacecdésoncalds 10 50 Gypsophila Paniculata (Baby’s Breath) white... 05
Peach Blossom ..............2-..eeeeeeeee 10 50 Hesperis Matronalis (Sweet Rocket), mixed .... 10
RROSC ise oc) 5s Sareea cero eden rere eerie 10 50 Lathyrus Latifolius (Everlasting Sweet Pea),

Sa@lmon'se oc..icccccieieie cicietold)s see eee ROE 10 50 MAKE 6255 osc wiecceletattiie eels eels eee eee 10

SHOWA WIte esse t-te eee eee

Mix Oi ei. crsisiere cist an\eicleie toe reeettte 10 40 (nothera (Evening Primrose), mixed .......... 10
The above choice collection, including 12 varieties Papaver Nudicaule(Iceland Poppy), mixed..... 05

Boddington’s Quality Hollyhocks, $1; 8 varieties, 75 Papaver Orientale (The Oriental Poppy), finest

cts.; 6 varieties, 60 cts. Pkt. Oz. Mixed) ascwmes soos cee ors. by b(e/evalerele/eAer ere 10

Allegheny, Single Fringed, finest mixed ..$0 10 $100 Platycodon Mariesii (Chinese Bell Flower),

Single, finest mixed..................-00 10 100 biuece.aee ee sa. eee eisisneerate packed poooondac 10
Primula Vulgaris (English Primrose), yellow... 10
Hardy Perennials Pansy Rg aes Challenge (all giants) :
Pkt. mixed .......... He eete pee eee rs eeacaee cote tteeeeeee 25
Achilles “The Pearl? doublenvnite see) sosessa SO UO Viola Cornuta (Tufted Pansy), mixed.......... 10
ilegi Columbine ), Boddington’s lon; aa
sa het LC eeneN Bed envacodnas : coonocoos Be 25 Collection of the above 20 useful varieties..... -e $1 00

Our Fall Bulb Garden Guide now ready, with full cultural directions for sowing

This Garden Guide will be mailed free to all who will mention this magazine. Contains a full list of
Fall Bulbs, etc. A list of nearly five hundred Perennial Seeds that can be grown this year and that
will flower next—with full cultural directions as to sowing, and other valuable information. Besides the
above our Guide will contain descriptions of other seeds, etc., for summer planting.

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman

Dept. “G” 342 West 14th Street NEW YORK CITY

wy
a 1A
ws
S "] #* ;
} > Hs > bes b AS of i ORF I ee Gig rf ee oN Se
“ 4 a i‘ Pd . |e 445% ~ Wak, bi "a
. 4 % git, Tt eo Maen e ” oA

Plant Now Farr’s Peonies — Strong, Healthy, True to Name
SAVING A YEAR’S TIME AND HAVING BLOOMS NEXT JUNE

Unequaled in splendor and stateliness, Peonies were the charm of the old-fashioned I not only grow Peonies, but other hardy flowers: Throughout the early spring, the
hardy garden, and the wonderful new varieties recently introduced are the chief 1 O 0,O oO O Irises give a shimmering of soft, ifdescent colors _ ly summer maete ee Plas of

5 Phloxes and a sea of blue where the tall Delphiniums rear their spires. Then
glory of the hardy garden of today. Unrivaled for marvelous color, beauty of form, PEONIES IN comes a time when the great Oriental Poppies flaunt their barbaric splendor. But
and delightful fragrance, they challenge the title of the rose as the “Queen of in ‘Peony Vime’’ the Queen of the Hardy Garden reigns supreme, our devotion to

Flowers.’ TI have spent ten years in the effort to make the WYOMISSING O Vv E R 5 00 pe ony uot less lovely. heceree nape Oe Oe eae pict havetoes seriou
COLLECTION OF PEONITES complete and authentic. I can guarantee them VARIETIES een) Ny book of HARDY PLANT SPECIALTIES

tells all about these. Let me send it to you free,

BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries, 809 D Penn St., Reading, Pa.

to be true to name, for I grow and know every variety I offer —

4

THE

-

SurreMBeER, 1910

The cigaret
that has
made good
on the broad-
est claims
ever made
for anything
to smoke —

MAKAROFF
ma» RUSSIAN
CIGARETS

If you haven't seen the big
dollar offer, write for it now.

Pratiaref - Jorn

Mail address—95 Milk Street, Boston

At
Your

Dealers

You Can Naturalize

THE BEAUTIFUL DOG TOOTH VIOLET

Several acres of my Connecticut hills are covered
with this early Spring flower, with its exquisite

mottled foliage. Send $1.00 for 100 bulbs, pre-
paid. They will make a permanent bed that will
delight you beyond measure.

E. S. Fanster, Noroton Heights, Conn.

VILLA SITES

In Habersham county (Piedmont section of northeast Georgia).
Fruit already in bearing, paying 10% to 15% on the price of
$500 an acre. New and fresh locations. Orchards of Peaches,
Apples, Cherries, Figs, already growing. 26 different varieties
of fruits and fourteen different varieties of nuts growing in
Habersham county. Adjoining the best schools in Georgia.
Electric lights, telephone, etc. 150 acres in city limits. Eleva-
tion 1,600 to 1.800 feet above the sea—the Switzerland of Amer-
ica. ‘lhe healthiest county in U. S. (see census of 1900). Pure
water. Spring on every 40 acres. Cheapest place in U.S. to
build—common lumber $10 per thousand; carpenters $1.50 to
$2.50 per day. 12 passenger trains daily. Direct communi-
cation with all principal cities. An ideal climate.

ture has never reached 87 degrees. For full particulars, write

I. C. WADE, Cornelia, Ga.

For Autumn Planting
Flowering Shrubs and
Hardy Perennials
Roses, Irises and Paeonies.

Catalogue sent on application.

SHATEMUC NURSERIES
BARRYTOWN, DUTCHESS COUNTY, N. Y.

GARDEN

Tempera-

The Readers’ Service is prepared to o
advise parents in regard to schools 5]

MAGAZINE

qp

The MOTOR MAID |

By C. N. and A. M. WILLIAMSON

Authors of “The Lightning Conductor,’ ‘‘Lady Betty Across the Water,’
“The Chaperon,’’ etc.

A gay, Four
: Illustrations
sparkling +

Color

Fixed Price
$1.20

(postage 12c.)

story of

Southern.

is
fo %

A veritable deus ex machina is the chauffeur (in disguise) who drives Lady Turnour’s
blue car through the Riviera. And charming Lys d’Angeley, seated beside him, finds
him a much-needed protector in many unexpected adventures.

“The Motor Maid” is a piquant, laughing romance with the Southern coast of
France for a sunshiny setting, and all the lively incident that goes to the making of a real
Williamson novel. And if the reader is a motorist, the spell is doubled.

Other Williamson Novels:

“Set in Silver.” $1.50.
“The Chaperon.” Illustrated. $1.50.
“The Princess Virginia.” Illustrated. $1.50.

“Lady Betty Across the Water.” Illustrated.
$1.50.

“Lord Loveland Discovers America.” [\lustrated.
Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12 cents).

“The Car of Destiny.” Illustrated. $1.50.
““Rosemary in Search of a Father.” Illustrated. $1.50.
“My Friend the Chauffeur.” Illustrated. $x.50.

Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 East 16th Street, New York

Ly” ALSO invite requests for our “ Guide to
Good Books,” mailed free.

@p

set in August will produce a crop the next Spring.

HARDY PERENNIALS SEED

planted in August will flower the following year.

UR FRIENDS are invited to visit our Library
Salesroom, where they may leisurely look over
our books, magazines, etc.

Our i

list of above mailed on application.
September Ist our Autumn Bulb Catalogue is ready.
It is complete with all the Hardy Bulbs for indoor or out-
side planting. arly orders obtain the best selection. I
We mail our Autumn Catalogue on application. 7 1)

TOTTLER-FISKE-RAWSON COMPANY i |

12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square, Boston, Mass.

52 Write tothe Readers Sermicejo «THE GAS) Be Ny = Meee vAuZleN(sE: Spon, TOLO

1 1 Information about the
Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory went. tare of
dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT,
Tue GarDEN MaGazINeE, 133 East 16th Street, New York.

LARGE BERKSIIIRES
at HIGHWOOD
In EACH of last three volumes
of American Berkshire Record
covering 3 years, we sold and
registered more Berkshires than =
any other breeder in U. S. The a o B
large proportion went to old
cdoues. rms sreaxs | Jersey Reds are Lively Growers
HORE airs and and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. Jersey Reds are the most
reer weeksold Bos iP satisfactory, all-round breed. Those who have tried them say so. Fatten
: easily and quickly, are sinall-boned, long-hodied, vigorous and prolific; quality
i. C. & 1. B. Warpending of meat unsurpassed. Ilave some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Y. Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box T, Moorestown, N. J.

SZ —— ———=

Dundee, N

There’s Money in Poultry Poultry and Ornamental Stock for Sale

Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry The entire stock of the Elmtree Farm poultry and pet stock depart-
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the ments, including some of the best breeding, and finest specimens of the
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to following varieties to be found, among which are many prize winners:
make poullry pay. White Leghorns—White Rocks—Rhode Island Reds—Buff

Personal instruction. Expert Advice. Cochins—Black Langshans—Bronze ‘Turkeys and Ducks.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. Swins and Pheasants— English Fallow Deer —Imported

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Great Danes and Coach Dogs.
Prof Gaalian Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass. ELMTREE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.

SANITARY POULTRY HOUSES, Rovsting and Nesting Outfits, Per-
fection Feed Hoppers, Trip Nests, Feeds, and supplies of all kinds. Potter Fixtures have been on the
market near y 10 years. They are made in 3 styles and 12 sizes, and are complete, convenient and sanitary.
Our Portable (K. D. made in sections) Hen-houses, Broud Coops, Pigeon Lofts, are made in 20 styles and
sizes, from a coop 2 ft. square to a complete house 8 x 80 feet, or longer, at lowest prices. House shown is
8x 1x0 feet, complete with 8 ft. Potter Outfit for 30 hens, for $40. A fine house at a low price. If you need
a house or coop of any kind do not fail to find out about the Potter line before buying or building.

8 or sell your laying hens, use the POTTER SYSTEM and pick out the layers
DON T KILL from the loafers and diseased hens. Keep only healthy laying hens. The ©
POTTER SYSTEM is a secret and the greatest discovery of the century
in the poultry world on the subject of Egg Producing Hens. Used by over 30,000 satisfied poultry keepers
who are saving dollars every year. Our New roo pp. Potter System book, ‘‘Don't Kill the Laying Hen,”
contains the secret and knowledge about laying and non-laying hens. It’s a rev lation to poultry keepers
and you will learn how you can use the Potter System on your flock; keep less hens, get more ezgs and make
more money using it. Write today sending 2 RED STAMPS to cover postage on our large catalog and
circular- telling all about Potter Poultry Products made for Particular Poultry People. If you are particular and want to make more money on your flock
you will write us today. T. F. POTTER & CO., Box 22, Downers Grove, Illinois, U. S. A.

that new hen-house or fix up the old one but get our large 1oo pp. catalog
DON’T BUILD and circulars (over 120 illustrations) showing POTTER PORTABLE A $ 4 O H O U S E

KING SPREADER ony

Distributes Lime, Ashes, Fertilizers, Bone Meal{ $15.00
and fine Compost evenly from 100 lbs. to 2 tons to 25.00
acre. In Three sizes, cleans itself. Simple, best 35.00
made. We prove our confidence by terms. °
KING WEEDER CO., Richmond, Va. Freight

SAMPLE AT NO MONEY COST PLAN. Paid.

Doubleday,
Page & Co.

Building to Let

Our present business building in
New York, at 133-137 East 16th
St., near Irving Place, can be
leased for a long term of years at
a very reasonable rental. It has
40,000 square feet of space, is well
lighted, heated and equipped. Suit-
able for offices, wholesale or man-
eo ery ys ufacturing purposes. Can be seen
LL MO Pied any business day.

F

TLL EE
= f as rf /

be
| SH:

=e

lee

:
r
Ti

aogema ©

APPLY ONLY TO
Doubleday, Page G Co.

133-137 East 16th St. New York City

Lord Loveland
Discovers America

é

flord Loveland discovers the

By C.N. AND A. M. WILLIAMSON

Authors of
“The Lightning Conductor,” “The Chaperon,” etc.

“bread line”

““The romance is one of the best of the many
by the Williamsons, a lively, light and always
interesting tale, with many little mysteries and
many well-drawn characters.’’—Boston Transcript.

““The story is full of incident, marked by a
sprightly wit, a keen analysis of character.’’—
Chicago News.

Illustrated in color. Fixed price,
$1.20 (postage, 12c.)

Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 E. 16th St., N. Y.

L PORTLAND

ATLAS cEMENT

MAKES THE BEST CONCRETE
If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas, write to

THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT Co., inquiry bept.
30 BROAD ST. NEW YORK

Largest productive capacity of any cement company in the world.
Over 50,000 barrels per day.

Competent Gardeners

The comforts and products of a country home are in-
creased by employing a competent Gardener; if you want to
engage one write to us. Please give particulars regarding
place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We
have been supplying them for years to the best people every-
where. Nofee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seeds-
men and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City.

‘‘As much bigger and stronger as a decade of

steady growth can well make it.”’
; —The Bookman.

The Romance of a Plain Man
By ELLEN GLASGOW
$1.50

BY THE SAME AUTHOR:

The Ancient Law .....-. $1.50

The Wheel of Life . . . . 1.50

The Battle-Ground . .. .- 1.50

The Voice of the People . . 1.50

The Deliverance . ...... 1.50

The Freeman and Other Poems, Net 1.50
(Postage, 12c.)

“Tt is one of those rare books that make you
forget everything outside its covers.”
—The Interior.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK THE GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

Our “Guide to Gocd Books’’sent free upon request

SEPTEMBER, 1910

H

RAPID WORK AT GARDEN CITY

We confess to being much pleased with the
progress being made at the new Country Life
Press at Garden City, Long Island. The seri-
ous work of building was begun only about the
asth of May. On July ist about two-thirds
of the second floor was complete; on August
rst the roof was on, the walls up, the windows
set and a large amount of the steam, electric
and plumbing work installed. By September
rst, when these paragraphs will be in the hands
of our readers, we hope and believe that much
of the machinery will be installed and during
the month the wheels will begin to turn.

Perhaps this is too early to congratulate our-
selves on what has been almost a record-break-
ing undertaking, and yet when we think of
the people who prophesied that the job would
take a year, that all builders were to be trusted
only to fail to perform their promises, etc., etc.,
we are inclined to exult at least a little while we
have the chance.

If the building has gone well it is because it
was efficiently organized, and we wish to stop
here and thank Messrs. Kirby & Petit, the
architects, for rapid work, while preserving
their standard of good taste and Bod build-
ing practise.

We do not wish to make this page a ‘‘ Who’s
Who” of the building trade, but we do want to
give credit for results achieved, and so speak of
Mr. Walter S. Timmis, the consulting engineer,
who planned the plumbing, the electrical and
steam plant, and the vacuum cleaner system,
and did it under great pressure. Another
hard worker in the matter is Mr. L. O. Hed-
den, the contractor for the building; it was
his firm who built, among other things, the
Metropolitan Building, on Madison Square; and
the resourceful V. J. Hedden & Son Co., work-
ing with the Industrial Engineering Company
on the concrete construction, have done a won-
derfully rapid and excellent piece of work,
and so efficiently managed has it all been that
the steam men, the electricians and the plumb-
ers have all been performing at one time and
in harmony. We would like to tell, too, of the
interested ‘‘ hustle’ of Mr. Peter Anderson, the
superintendent for the Hedden Company, Mr.
A. F. Currie, of the Industrial Engineering Co.,
“the men on the job,” who take the daily grind
of petty trials, and without whose interested at-

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Belk e118

Le 5 As
y. St Se
iiametnnarsata) MY WHT |

“To business that we love we rise betime

And go to ’t with delight.””—A xtony and Cleopatra
tention friction would develop. Both men have
worked as though they were building their own
homes and felt the winter coming fast. Among
others we should like to speak of: Mr. E. Donald
Jerome, our own hard-working inspector; Mr.
Leonard Barron, the managing editor of THE
GARDEN MAGAZINE, who has broken the back
of the landscape-garden planning. ‘There are
others too to speak of, but we fear to exhaust
our reader’s patience.

As to the plant itself: it will not merely be a
factory to print books and magazines, but a
place to spend one’s working hours comfortably
and, we truly hope, happily. It will naturally
be a year or more before even the actual outline
of our entire outside plan will be in full opera-

emacs 3)
1mm

“a a ae
os

a

A quarter part of the Country Life Press at Garden
City as it looked on July 2, 1910

tion, yet we are making rapid advances. The
plan of the plot on which the press is situated
we shall print next month. The land lies for a
clear half-mile on Franklin Avenue, along which
a trolley runs to both the north and_ south
shores of Long Island. Space is left for more
building if more room be needed, and yet land
a-plenty remains for pools, garage, a green-
house, and many gardens.

Just back of the press are seven acres. Here
will be our own railroad station; a ball and recre-
ation ground is about ready; and experimental
field crops will be planted later. On the west
side of Franklin Avenue is a field of about
thirteen acres on which experimental vegetable
farming is now in actual progress, and of which
we shall no doubt have much to say in future
issues.

Beginning October 15th we shall be delighted

oe TICE FFICE: |

to receive visitors. The New Pennsylvania
Station will be open early in September, and our
friends will find Doubleday, Page & Co.’s
fully equipped bookstore in the heart of that
station. The electric train from there will
Jand the visitor at our door in Garden City in
about half an hour.

COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA TWICE A MONTH
AND .WHY

We propose, beginning with November, 1910,
to give our readers twice as much Country Life
material as before for the same price, and the
reason is that:

We want room so to conduct the magazine that
everybody who loves the country will find in it
everything he wants to know.

24 issues for the old price, $4.00 a year.

The Mid-Monthly issues will be largely
special numbers, and here are the subjects now
planned:

Inside the House Number: Louis C. Tiffany,
consulting editor, November 15th. Mr. Tiffany
works out the theory that taste and comfort are
not aided by large expense, but that the con-
trary is true.

The Winter Joys Number: A happy, spirited
holiday issue, to be published December roth.

The Motor Number.

The Little House Number.

The Litile Garden Number.

The Flying Number.

The Bungalow Number.

The Hardy Garden Number.

The Fountain, Pool and
Number.

The Home Grounds Number.

The Old Village Number.

The Rose Lovers’ Number.

The Economical Readers’ Number.

The Country Housekeepers’ Number.

Look out for the series “Cutting Loose from
the Cities.”

Subscribe or order from your local dealer,
because Country Life in America is not a
returnable magazine, and you will probably
have to order it from most newsdealers.

Next month the Big Double Building Number
of Country Life in America, $4.00 a year.

DouBLEDAY, Pace & Company,
ng IDE alow ay Sys IN We
In October, Garden City, N. Y.

Water Garden

|

The Readers’ Service gives
injormation about insurance

To Grow Hardy Perennials and

Old Fashioned Flowers Successfully:

They should be planted in September and Octo-
ber, like Spring-flowering bulbs.

They make roots during Fall and Winter, estab-
lishing themselves for Spring and Summer bloom-
ing.

Hardy Perennials our specialty. We grow thirty
acres. Get our net wholesale prices with all neces-
sary cultural directions and largest list of Novelties,

PALISADES-POPULAR-PERENNIALS -

A Palisade Hardy Border

A perfect picture in your garden to last for years
will be the result if you allow us mow to plan a
scheme, whether of contrasts or of harmonies, to
be carried out this Fall.

Our “ Artistic” Border, 100 ft. by 3 ft., costs
$25.00 only.

Consider what is “saved” by this system, and
what is gained in true beauty.

Visitors always welcome at our Nurseries, where they can make

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

for the asking.

PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc., Perennial Growers

Telephone 200 Piermont

Where to Spend September

It is during September, amidst the charms of early
Autumn, after the big rush of the season has ceased
and the excessive heat of summer has given way to
an invigorating atmosphere, that many of the re-
sorts offer the maximum of comfort and enjoyment.
All things considered , September is an ideal vacation

month; and if you would experience the pleasures of
a sojourn during this delightful period, write now
to those whose announcements appear in this de-
partment or ask Country Life in America Readers’
Service to offer you suggestions.

Manager WHERE TO GO Department

Country Life in America

KELSEY FRESH

selections from more than a thousand varieties of Hardy Plants.

Sparkill, N. Y.

GINSENG

Cultivated Ginseng and Golden Seal seed and roots now ready
for planting. My book, “Culture and Profits of Ginseng and
Golden Seal,” with prices of seed and roots, free. Send for it.

D. BRANDT, Box 311, Bremen, Ohio

The Elizabeth Nursery Co.

OF ELIZABETH, N. J.

offer one of the largest stocks of
Evergreens, Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants

in this country. Send for their catalogue.

AIR HEATING

A HEALTHFUL HEATING SYSTEM means
a VENTILATING system with plenty of good,
FRESH AIR PROPERLY WARMED. In a few
years at most, any method of heating, like the
steam and hot water radiator systems which are
most UNHEALTHFUL because they do not
have any fresh air supply, and heat and reheat
the same, stagnant, foul air, will be a thing of
the past.

KELSEY WARM AIR
GENERATOR HEATING
is the most HEALTHFUL HEATING, because

SEPTEMBER, 1910

PRACTICAL
REAL ESTATE
METHODS

By Thirty New YorR Experts

A UNIQUE symposium
of some thirty-odd
chapters dealing with every
branch of the real estate
business. Never before have
the practical experiences of
a lifetime been brought
together in such a plain,
orderly manner. The valu-
able knowledge of men in
the world’s greatest realty
market is here placed at
your disposal.

q Buying, selling, leasing,
renting, improving, devel-
eping, and financing real
estate — these and kindred
topics are discussed by men
of ability and knowledge.

Net, $2.00 (postage 20c.) .
You Need this Book for Reference

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
NEW YORK

P. S.—Our friends are invited to visit our Library Salesroom,
where t may leisurely look over our books, magazines,
efc. Our “Guide to Good Books ”’ sent free upon request.

SAVE YOUR FRUIT TREES

Kill San Jose Scale, and all other parasites and insects, by

spraying with a strong solution of

GOOD’S Porasn WHALE OIL SOAP No. 3

Nothing to injure or poison trees, plants, vines or shrubs. No

no matter whether your house has 5 or 50 or
more rooms, it will heat EVERY ROOM evenly
with FRESH AIR that has been properly
warmed; and the AIR CHANGED COM-
PLETELY FOUR OR FIVE TIMES AN HOUR.

sulphur, salt or mineraloils. Dissolves easily in water. Used and
endorsed by

U. S. Department of Agriculture

50 lbs. $2.50; 100 lbs. $4.50; larger quantities proportionately less. :|
Write today for free booklet on Plant Diseases. |

Kelsey Heated Residence, Leominster, Mass.
Mr. James Purdon, Architect, Boston.

Send for Free Booklets which explain Kelsey
Heating, and show what has been accom-
plished in heating the finest class of city and
country homes.

37,000 SOLD

AND THE KELSEY WILL DO THIS

with less cost for fuel, management and repairs
than any other system that will give anything
like as good results,

Main Office: 116 E. Fayette St., Syracuse, N. Y.
New York: 156R Fifth Avenue

KELSEY HEATING CO) e232

JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 951 N. Front St., Philadelphia

SUN-DIALS wae:
PEDESTALS

Send for illustrated
price list H 29
HARTMANN-SANDERS CoO.
Chicago, III.
New York Office, 1123 Broadway

SerrumMBER, 1910

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

me

After this picture was taken the driver easily
shifted the levers of his E-M-F “30” to high
speed and the car glided away as noiselessly
as an electric. It is this sweet and smooth
operation of the motor and gears that greatly
enhances the pleasures of motoring.

Going abroad? Routes, time-tables, and all sorts of
56 information obtained through the Readers’ Service

ge

Glass Sash. Lowest temperature 10 degrees below zero. No covers or mats used.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Plants carried through Winter of 1909-10 by R. A. Mason, Westerly, R. I., under Sunlight Double
No plants frosted.

SEPTEMBER, 1910

Winter Gardening

Without —
the Worry and
Drudgery

With Sunlight Double Glass Sash
you eliminate the covering and un-
covering—the getting out in the
cold, or snow, or wet every morn-
ing and evening to handle heavy
shutters or soggy mats.

beets, etc., to set out early in the Spring; tomato, pepper and sweet potato plants ready as soon as itis warm outside.
Almost all flowers and vegetables can be forwarded under the Sunlight Sash earlier than under single glass sash be-
cause they get the light all day long—are never :overed—and therefore grow faster—become sturdier.

Amateurs phenomenally successful

Last Fall and Winter we sold thousands of sash to Amateur Gardeners all over the United States. When you write
for our Free Catalog, we send you a booklet giving extracts from letters received from hundreds of these users. With-
out exception they are enthusiastic in telling of the pleasure and profit they derived from their sash. And many have
sent second and third orders.

Agents Wanted: Write us and find out how you can obtain the agency for selling these sash.

Get these Two Books: One is our free illustrated catalog giving
all the details about the sash, prices, ete. ‘Ihe other is a delightfully
interesting and instructive booklet on hot-bed and cold-frame gardening
by Prof. W. F. Massey, a leading writer and authority on this subject.
Prof. Massey tells all about how to make and take care of hot beds and
cold frames and what and when to plant the various flowers and
vegetables. 4 CENTS IN STAMPS will bring Prof. Massey’s book
in addition to the catalog.

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co.

927 E. Broadway

i
does it

Between the two layers of glass is a % inch layer of dry, still air: This transparent blanket is a
perfect non-conductor retaining the heat—keeping out the cold. It is better than expensive, heavy
mats or boards because it permits the plants to get the light from sun-up to sun-down—and the more
light the plants get the faster they will grow—the hardier they will be. The glass is slipped into the
sash grooves and held securely by brass springs and stops. No putty is used.

Some of the things you can grow

From*September until June the cold frames or hot beds under Sunlight Sash can be kept busy. Fresh lettuce and
radishes any time you want them, violets all winter; pansies in bloom in February or March; cabbage, cauliflower,

Louisville, Ky.

1907-1910—Two Letters from John D. Archbold Regarding
Tree Surgery as Practiced on His Estates by Davey Experts

26 Broaimay 26 Broadway

New York. May 24, 1910.

New ork.

July 15, 1907
Mr. John Davey,

M. L. Davey, Genl. Mger.,
Mott House,

c/o The Davey Tree Expert Co.,

Tarrytown, N.Y.
ast Kent, Ohio.

My dear Sir;-
. Dear Mr. Davey:

It gives me pleasure to express the satisfac—

I have your kind favor of the

tion I feel over the work done on my trees at Tarrytown. Their

2lst and the little books, for all of which I beg you to

66 ttent i v —
need of attention, which you plainly indicated, was a revela aicceptnthankss

tion to me and I feel that vour work was thoroughly and effi-

It gives me pleasure to say also that we con-
ciently done and will serve not only to beautify but perpetu-—

tinue to have great satisfaction in the work done. on our

ate the lives of the trees.

trees by you. I am very sure that it has not- only greate

I beg also to certify to tne courtesy and industrious

ly increased their beauty, but wili prolong their lives.
character of your employees.

Very t y yours,

ve) re Io Cot

Very truly yours,

db BLCALIPOAL.

The significance of these letters is in the testimony they give to the permanent efficiency of the methods of tree surgery, originated by John Davey. the father of the profession, and practiced
exclusively by the Davey Experts. The first work done by the Davey men on Mr. Archbold’s trees was in the early spring of 1907. Three years later Mr. Archbold writes to say that he continues to
ave great satisfaction in the work done. If it had been lacking in any respect, a man of Mr. Archbold’s keen intelligence would long ago have detected it. The Davey Service stands the test of time.

THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc., 159 OAK STREET, KENT, OHIO (Operating the Davey Institution of Tree Surgery)

The literature of tree surgery is of absorbing interest. Write us how many trees you have and we will send you one or more of our books, free

t

>

GARDEN

SEPTEMBER, 1910

MAGAZINE

Ij a problem grows in your garden write lo
the Readers’ Service jor assistance

paly a, 147 Sig bia a

Cover Drsicn— The Gold-banded Lily of Japan (Lilium auratum)

SEPTEMBER, 1910

PAGE

SEPTEMBER ACTIVITIES ; : : ; Bay How To KrEep SQUASH , 5 H. F. Grinstead
Photograph by Nathan R. Graves 7 2 WS
SuccESSION Crops IN THE FLOWER GARDEN Mrs. Francis King 58 HARVESmING THe CROPS - + + METER OEE
Photographs by the author CARING FOR THE NEW STRAWBERRY BED M. Roberts Conover
LITTLE GARDENS ON CRANNIED WALLS 5 . H.S. Adams 60 Photograph by the author
Photographs by H. E. Angell, H. Troth and others A WAIL FROM A WEE GARDEN . Mary Youngs
“ ” We Ete ee
Sours AND Ditties”. - + « « John Gifford 62 CHANCE EFFECTS OF SPRAYING .. E. S. Johnson
Photographs by the author
CHOOSING A SITE FOR THE GARDEN . . . W.S. Rogers 64 Roses FROM CUTTINGS Cae mi ON TS ef
Waat Is a “ PRIMROSE’? Sherman R. Dujfy 65 Wuart Hurt THE ROSEBUDS? . . . .
Photographs By the atliee
: IP : : : :
PLANT Darropits Now : . A. M. Kirby 67 Garven)Gesst e é
Pbotopraph by Nathan. Graves : Don’t NEGLECT THE Cee Moni Thomas J. Steed
Pink, BLUE, AND YELLOW FOR A SHADED eee ee ROADSIDE GARDENING CLUB Thomas McAdam
net) Mckabom 6 SULPHATE OF IRON FOR WEEDS AND Onee rk THINGS A. C. Brown
CoLtor HARMONIES IN ADJOINING BEDS M. N. Reed 68 A hye W. M
Photograph by the author a ied : g ae ee eA hae : : la ed g
A PROFITABLE Hopsy IN DAHLIAS .. Mrs. Edward Warren 70 Photograph by E. J. Wallis ‘
Photographs by the author A NEw Lawn PEsT s i . E. P. Felt
READERS’ EXPERIENCE CLUB : . : : : : 72 SEEDING THE LAWN Vora ix
CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE . Ellen Eddy Shaw 73 FALL PLANTING IN THE inane We ST Fred Nussbaumer
Photographs by O. A. Morton and Flora Malcolm T 2 ‘, ; i
‘ RANSPLANTING THE LOBELIA Adeline T. Thomson
THE ADVANTAGE OF A COLDFRAME W. C. McCollom 74 ERoGeaphe byl meatthor
Ehoiceraphsiby: the anther ; My ScHEME FOR WATERING SHRUBBERY C. L. Meller
FALL PLANTED VEGETABLES Julie Adams Powell 74 Photograph by the author

SUBSCRIPTION:
$1.50 a year
Single Copies rs cts.

F. N. DousBLepay, President

result of handling the roots at that season.

serve.
them favorites everywhere.
beauty wins them more friends every year.

which make sturdy blooming plants.

of the four sorts for only One Dollar:
Delachei. 4A most remarkable dark midsea-

WILHELM MILLER, Epitor—Copyricurt, 1910, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1870
Wa ter H. Pace, Hersert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents

Plant Paeonies in September!

Spring planting always checks their growth, and a greatly reduced number of only fair flowers is the

Paeonies, The Twentieth Century Flowers, are now enjoying that popularity which they so fully de-
Their delicate fragrance, elegant shape and form, and the great variety of lovely shades make
For indoor decoration the flowers are decidedly fashionable, and their great

But out in the open, be it along side the doorstep of the humble cottage or along the imposing drive-
way of the millionaire’s country estate, their merits appeal most.
always clean and ornamental, their flowers chaste and beautiful.

A Remarkable Offer to Readers of Garden Magazine Only!

We grow acres of Paeonies at our “True Blue” Nursery. The virgin soil there grows fine plump root.
To acquaint readers of the Garden Magazine with this department of
our business we have decided to offer the following prize-takers among Paeonies, one strong root of each

Paeonies grace any spot, their foliage is

add 65c.

H. W. Lanier, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer

For Foreign Postage
For Canada add 35c.

son sort. Makes strong, bushy
plants and is very free-flowering. The flowers are
marvels of elegance, of great size and beautiful
shape. The color is a dark, velvety crimson-
purple. Each, 50c.

The strong, health
Edulis Superba. bushes are ieaded site
peacoat flowers of largesize, exquisite fragrance
and perfect shape. The color is a fine brilliant
pink, shaded violet, intermixed with narrow whitish
petals. One of the earliest. Each, 35c.

Festiva Maxima Finest white Paeony
—— in cultivation today.

Bears magnificent flowers of perfect shape, very full
and double. Some of the center petals are flaked
with carmine.
Flowers are carried on long stiff stems. Each, 50c.

A strong grower and free bloomer. < “Sg
>:

Golden Harvest. Medium early sort, beau-

tiful, very free flowering
and delightfully scented. Guard petals soft pink,
with clear yellow collar and a tuft of creamy-yellow

petals in center, which are sometimes tipped with |

red. Each, soc.

You will find these four magnificent sorts illustrated in our new Fall Guide offered below.

One Root of each of these 4 beautiful Sorts for Only One Dollar Postpaid

OUR GUIDE TO FALL PLANTING NOW READY.

a mere catalog by incorporating in it many practical culture directions.

We have tried to make it more than

More than roo truthful illustrations will

help you to a clearer understanding of what we sell, and the things offered in the book are absolutely dependable. as

Write for your free copy now.

It’ll come by return of mail.

The Livingston Seed Co., 559 High St., Columbus, Ohio

Henry G. Taylor

PAGE
74
75
75

a 1 The Readers’ Service giv : s
56—b Yi Gif pWEGH CHOTAG RUE ROHS 4 H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E SEPTEMBER , 1910

Plant Peonies in September

pen IES can be and are planted at any time during the spring and fall, but September is the very best time for transplanting them, and
if planted then they will bloom the following June; if large undivided clumps are planted, a splendid display of bloom can be had.
Peonies are one of our great specialties, and our list of varieties is the most comprehensive in America. We have now over fifty thousand
plants to offer. SPECIMEN PLANTS—Of many varieties we can furnish large undivided clumps at three to five times the price quoted
below or in our catalogue. Immediate effects can be obtained by planting these large clumps. The finer varieties of Peonies surpass the
finest roses in coloring, form and size. They are absolutely hardy and of the easiest culture. They should be planted in deep, rich soil,
three to four feet apart. Below we offer a small selection of extra fine and good varieties, but can supply over three hundred sorts. Our
price list, the most comprehensive catalogue of Hardy Plants, Trees, Shrubs and Bulbs published, may be had for the asking. Write for
catalogue or make order on order blank below.

SPECIAL OFFER OF PEONY FESTIVA MAXIMA

Of tos glorious white Peony we now have a stock of over ten thousand plants, and to induce people to plant it in quantity we have decided to offer it at a specially low price. It is the most
satisfactory Peony in cultivation, and can not be surpassed either for cut-flowers or for decorative effect in the garden. Very large, pure white flower, with a few blood-red stains in the center;
tall stalks, beautiful foliage and very free-flowering. Extra large undivided clumps, $2 each, $20 per doz., $150 per 100. Strong flowering plants, 75 cts. each, $8 per doz., #50 per 100.
Small plants, 30 cents each, $3 per doz., $20 per 100.

E ORDER BLANK
To ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY, P ittsburg, Pa. PRICES (6 at the dozen rate,

(J. WILKINson ELLiott, President) 50 at the 100 rate) 5
juantity Per { Quantity Per { Quantity : vy (Pert

ese PEONIES Each doz. | Wanted PEONIES Each doz.| Wanted PEONIES Each doz.
....48sa Gray. Large, full flower, imbricated, beautiful form, ....Formosa. Pretty convex flower; sulphur white, stigmates ....Tenuifolia. Same as following variety, but with beautiful

carnation-salmon, powdered with carmine-lilac. One of lively red; very beautiful variety $0 35 $3 50 Singles flowers), 1... asec ate oe eee $0 30 $3 00

theibest no ee ose avaiowc me ae clea ETS see ee eae $x oo | ....1fumei rosea. A splendid old sort, 7 .... Tenuifolia flore pleno. Deeply cut fringe- foliage;
....Avalanehe. Large flowers of perfect shape, milk-white, onejof the latest to bloom!) 19-022. 32 ose. ssseece eras secs ee 25 250 flowers bright scarlet crimson; rare and fine.............. 30 300

creamy center with a few carmine stripes; late and very ....M. Charles Leveque. Soft rose-color going over to sal- isiompherd

free-flowering, splendid habit. A variety of great Cistinction mon-pink in center; one of the loveliest Peonies ever offered I 50

Challis ay Ao oosadaernoosndd denoconsosDoDAnoKecoeagoonoCS 250|....Mixed Varieties. This mixture is made up from varieties 100 1000
.-. Couronne d’Or (Golden Crown). Large imbricated white of which we have not sufficient to catalogue. It does not

flower, yellow reflex with stripes of carmine and golden contain the best varieties, but the quality is extremely good

Stamens wextrapine seer Pere hE eae eee eerie mercer $0 75 800 for the low price quoted.................... Per 100, $15.00 20 200

.---Delachii. Large, cup-shaped fi ....Mime. de Verneville. Very pretty anemone flowers, very
flowering fine woos coe arenes pine hese oe EET EEC eee ine 25 250 full; collar of large petals, those of the center very close; 9 Bee Se srcrsihietatsya teevon cats ara gE ee eee Cove
.... Dr. Bretonneau (Verdier). Large globular flower; large carnation-white and sulphur, sometimes carmine, extra.... 50 5 00|....Cyeclops. Purple-crimson. First-class Certificate, R. B.S.. 1 00
rose petals and clear white; beautiful....................+- 30 3 00|....01ld Double Crimson. This fine old Peony is very ....Duke of Cambridge. A very handsome, bright crimson
....£dulis superba. Very large flower of perfect shape; beau- - : effective when planted in masses; one of the earliest to flower; a superb variety; the very best ofits color.......... 2 00
tiful brilliant tinted violet, mixed with whitish ligules; silver Bloom se en abo ec A OO Poors Per 100, $20.00 30 3000 ee
HAIG canccconadnnodoosnbodnonopudtoanpocesannustCUosUaneS 40 400|,...Madame Bucquet. Velvety black amaranth, coloring JAPANESE PEONIES
5 J AY EVANS BhaGl OM, oa oeco aco sansaocaoosevonees oonNa20n08 I 00 10 00

..Double and Semi-Double. These are really very choice
and distinct from varieties grown in this country, and will
give the greatest satisfaction................ Per roo, $45.00 60 600

..Single.. The finest Single Peonies undoubtedly come from
Japan. They are equal or superior to single sorts coming

from Europe costing three times as much.,.,. Per 100, $55.00

“You Can Trust Mr. Harris
to Select Your Peonies”

— write a number of customers who have left the choice of varieties
to me in ordering Rosedale Peonies. That they are pleased with the
roots I supply is shown by the fact that, in many instances, they
“repeat” large orders. For example, one who ordered fifty plants for

4 $50 in 1908 has just placed a dupli-
Rosedale Peonies Are ¢ate order, while another, who
Grown Upon Honor, and already had 750 plants, bought
Every OrderI FillCreates $150 worth last fall. .

F State your preference as to color,
a New Peony Enthusiast season (whether early, medium, or

late), and number and size of plants (one, two, or three year),
and let me send you my Banner Collection at $25, $50 or $100.
My large roots of choice Phlox, Iris and other Perennials will also
delight you. Be sure to write for my attractive new Catalogue—free.

S. G. HARRIS, Rosedale Nurseries

Box 63, Tarrytown, N. Y..

HOLLAND BULBS

HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
DAFFODILS, ETC.

Choicest Selection of First-class Quality only

Delivered free in New York
Duty Paid

CATALOGUE FREE ON APPLICATION TO

ANT. ROOZEN & SON

Bulbgrowers

OVERVEEN, »r. Haarlem, HOLLAND

mr

The Garden Magazine

VoL. XII—No. 2

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

{For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is

generally taken as astandard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles ‘of latitude.]

September Activities

NY OU must now think about the garden
for next spring. Of the things that
you can do, these two things you must do:

Prant Prontes.— The month of Septem-
ber is the ideal season for moving these
magnificent spring flowers. ‘They start into
growth so early in the spring that they must
be moved in the fall» Unless you do this
you will sacrifice next season’s bloom.
Plant in September, if possible; October
for second choice; spring third.

Prant Darropirs.— Most people neglect
this and plant daffodils with other Dutch
bulbs in October. The daffodil, like the
peony, makes an early growth; indeed, it
will start early this fall.

Less Important Things

TART «a Musuroom BED. — Collect the
heating material before the end of
September. By spawning the beds Octo-
ber 15th, you can have mushrooms by
Christmas. As the manure is collected
spread it out under cover and allow the
rank heat to escape. A bed 6x6 ft.
should supply a family of six.

Buy Buiss.— Give your order to the
seedsman as soon as possible, and let him
“ship as received.’ Bulbs to plant this
month will include all the Dutch bulbs,
if you can get them, dogtooth violet, lily-
of-the-valley, crown imperial, Star of Bethle-
hem and lychoris.

Get Ready for Christmas

LANT “cape” bulbs before the end

of September. These include freesia,

ixia, oxalis, sparaxis, brodizea, ranunculus,

anemone, camassia, etc. These bulbs must

not be buried. Start them in a light but

cool place—a frostproof bed or frame,
for instance.

SEPTEMBER, 1910

§ ONE DOLLAR Firry CENTS A YEAR
' FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY

Dutch bulbs, tulips, hyacinths, crocuses,
etc., must be buried after planting and kept
in a cool, dark place to make roots before
the tops start. Bury them in ashes or soil
a foot deep and bring indoors about Christ-
mas time.

Seeds for September Sowing

GaeeeGes, cauliflower, spring planting;
spinach for December use; lettuces
and radishes; all these in coldframes.

In the open, in the first week of the month,
sow chicory, chervil, endive, radishes, let-
tuce; corn salad for the earliest greens in
spring; spinach to follow.

Select the spot of ground where you want
to have the best sweet peas next year and
prepare it for sowing in November. We
will tell you more about this later.

When Frost Comes

DpEOTECT all tender plants by light
cheesecloth coverings, and make your
garden last longer. Or try a smudge
fire.

After the first frost you can lift the tender
roots — dahlias, cannas, elephant’s ears,

af MS ee at

Peonies transplanted in September may be relied upon to fiower next season.

gladiolus; or you can leave them until
November, except in the very cold regions.
Lift them with a fork and spread out under
cover to dry. Store in a cellar free from
frost but cool.

Outdoor Work

LANT currants and gooseberries or

propagate from cuttings.

Make grape cuttings.

Prune raspberries and blackberries, re-
moving the wood which bore fruit this year.

Prepare for lawn making, draining, plow-
ing and grading.

Do not cultivate the soil. after Septem-
ber ist, and mulch lightly all newly set
plants.

Rearrange the herbaceous border.

Under Glass

ET Ghent azaleas for Christmas,
Sow cineraria, calceolaria and cycla-
men. Take cuttings of tender bedding
stock.
Overhaul the heating apparatus, boilers
and fittings generally. Repair broken glass
in both greenhouse and frames.

Do not sacrifice a year’s

bloom by waiting until spring

Succession Crops in the Flower Garden—By Mrs. Francis King, ***

THE DIFFICULTIES OF MAINTAINING AN UNINTERRUPTED FLOWER-COVER FOR A CERTAIN
LENGTH .OF TIME ON A GIVEN SPACE OF GROUND, ALWAYS WITH A VIEW TO COLOR HARMONY

RAY enough it is to plan successive
flower crops for different parts of a
place: but not so easy, considering the
limited amount of nourishment in the soil
and the habit of growth of various flowering
plants, to cover one spot for weeks with
flowers. An immense variety of treatment
is possible and much disagreement must be
beforehand conceded. Calculations for va-
rying latitudes must be made with more
than usual care; and the question of in-
dividual taste asserts itself with great in-
sistence.

A very rough and hard bank of nearly
solid clay with a south exposure has for
some years been planted to narcissus Em-
peror, Cynosure, and one or two other
rather later varieties. Striking boldly along
among these, while in full bloom, grows an
irregular line, thickening and thinning in
places, of tulip Vermilion Brilliant, abso-
lutely described by its name. As the flowers
of these scarlet and yellow bulbs commence
to fade, the ground below them begins to
green with little leaves of calendulas Orange
King and Sulphur Queen, as well as of the
fine double white poppy White Swan. These
practically cover the dying bulb leaves in
a few weeks and produce a succession of
charming bloom beginning rather early in
the summer. A few zinnias do well among
them, the medium tall varieties grown only
from seed labeled “‘Flesh-color.” For my
purposes this zinnia-color is always the best.
It generally produces flowers varying from
flesh pink to pale or faded yellow, colors
which in all their range look so well with
yellow or warm pink flowers that many
unique and lovely combinations are obtained
by their free use. Beware of the zinnia
seed marked ‘‘Rose,” and of all mixtures
of this seed. The seed rarely comes true
to color, and its bad colors are so hideously
wrong with most other flowers that they are
a very real menace to the beginner in what
we might call picture - gardening.

Iceland poppies, thickly planted among
the narcissi and tulips, would bring a crop
of charming silken blooms well held above

Fig. 1. An early spring effect — grape hyacinth,
forget-me-not, and cream white daffodil

*

the foliage already on that bank, and coming
between the earlier and later flower-crops.
The little walk of dark brick shown in
the first illustration is bordered in very early
spring by blue grape hyacinths (Wuscari
botryoides,), followed closely by the fine
forget-me-not (Myosotis dissitiflora) in
mounds and sprays. Among these are quanti-
ties of the cream-white daffodil (Narcissus
cernuus). Alternating with the plants of
early forget-me-not are many more of
Sutton’s Perfection and Sutton’s Royal
Blue, which come into bloom as the earliest
fade; these grow very tall and form a fore-
ground of perfect loveliness for the tall
Tulipa reticulata, which rises irregularly
back of the small sky-blue flowers below,
completing a combination of cream-color
and light blue charmingly delicate and
effective. Following the two blue and cream-
white crops of flowers bordering this walk,

dark pink phloxes bloom in early August, '

three successive periods of gayety being thus
assured to the little pathway.

A continuation of this walk, running
toward a wooden gateway in a trellised
screen, may boast also of three successive
flower-appearances of different kinds. Back
of the brick edging bordering the gravel
are planted alternating groups of myo-
sotis Sutton’s Royal blue, hardy dianthus
Her Majesty, and early and late hardy
asters, the two mentioned in a former article,
Coombe Fishacre and Pulcherrima. First
to enliven the borders with color is the
myosotis, a peculiarly pretty effect occurring
in the leading up, at either end of the walk,
of the irregular edge-groups of pale blue
to low masses of the old fashioned Harison’s
Yellow and Persian Yellow rose. Late

Fig. 2. The Munstead primroses are scarcely out
of bloom when tulips succeed

58

forget-me-not is never lovelier than when
used in connection with this rose. The
combination reminds me of the delicate
colors of the flower boxes below each win-
dow of Paquin’s great establishment in the
Rue de la Paix, as it may be seen every May.
Following the myosotis and yellow roses
come masses of the scented white pinks,
while by this time the hardy asters have
developed into handsome dark green groups
of leaves and give all through the summer
a rich green contrasting well with the gray
mounds of dianthus foliage, and finally, in
September, rising suddenly into sprays of
tall fine lavender bloom. :
No’ succession crop of spring and early
summer that I have happened upon seems
to work better than that of tulip “Yellow
Rose” planted in small spaces between
common and named varieties of Oriental
Poppy. The tulip, in itself of gorgeous
beauty, very rich yellow and extremely
double, absolutely lacks backbone, and the
first heavy shower brings its widely opened.
flowers to earth to be bespattered with mud.
The leaves of the poppy, upright and hairy,
form a capital support for the misbehaving
stem of ‘Yellow Rose” and the poppies
having thus lent the tulips aid in time of
need, go a step farther and cover their drying
foliage with a handsome acanthus - like
screen of green surmounted by the noble
scarlet and salmon blooms of early June.
This is a very simple, practical, and safe
experiment in succession crops, and is
heartily commended. Following these
poppies comes the bloom of a few plants
of campanula Die Fee, and I am try-
ing this year the experiment of Cam-
panula pyramidalis in blues and whites
thickly planted among the poppies, for late
summer bloom when the poppy leaves shall
have vanished. ‘This is a large demand to
make upon the earth in a small space, but,
with encouragement by means of several
top-dressings of well-rotted manure, I hope
to accomplish this crop succession satis-
factorily. Among the yellow columbines

Fig. 3. Under the grape arbor tuiips and forget-
me-not

“
,
q
*
4

\

SEPTEMBER, 1910

Fig. 4. Rambler roses follow on the arbor itself

(Aquilegia chrysantha) I generally tuck
quantities of white or purple stocks, those
known as Sutton’s Perfection. The aqui-
legia is cut close to the ground as soon as
its seed pods take the place of flowers; and
the stocks are then beginning their long
period of bloom. Canterbury bells are
usually the centres of colonies of annual
asters (my great favorites are the single
Aster Sinensis, in chosen colors — not
to be had in every seed-list, by the way),
and of groups of gladiolus bulbs so arranged
as to hide the vacancy left when the Canter-
bury bells must be lifted from the ground
after blooming.

In four places in the garden where rather
low-growing things are desired, are alternate
groups of a handsome, dark, velvety-red
sweet William—the seed of which was
given me by Miss Jekyll, who described this
as the color of the sweet William of the
old English cottage garden—and well grown
plants of Stokesia cyanea. As soon as the
fine heads of sweet William begin to crisp
and dry, the beautiful lavender-blue flowers
of the stokesia take up the wondrous tale,
and a veil of delicate blue is drawn over the
spots which a few days since ran red with
a riot of dark loveliness.

Among larkspurs I plant Salvia paiens
which to look tidy when blooming must be
carefully staked while the stems are pliable
and tender. Second crops of delphinium
bloom seem to me a mistake — I believe the
vitality of the plant is somewhat impaired
and the color of the flowers is seldom as
clear and fine as in the first crop. Green
leaves in plenty should be left, of course:
the lower part of Salvia patens is not attrac-
tive and its pale blue flowers have added
beauty rising from the fresh delphinium
foliage.

The plan of planting the everlasting pea
(Lathyrus latifolius, var. The Pearl) among
delphiniums, to follow their bloom by clouds
of white flowers, is recommended by an
English authority. To continue the blue
of tall delphinium, the very best succession
crop is that of Delphinium Chinensis or

THE GARDEN

grandiflora, the lower branching one with
the cut leaf; a fine hardy perennial in
exquisite shades of pale and deep blue,
whose flowers are at their very best imme-
diately after the spikes of their blue sisters
have gone into retirement.

The fine new “ Dropmore,” variety of
Anchusa Italica, is exceedingly good placed
near the vigorous green spikes of the leaves
of the white false dragon head (Physostegia
Virginica, var. alba): when the latter is low,
the great anchusa leaves nearly cover it; and
after the crop of brilliant blue flowers is
exhausted, and the robust plants are cut back,
the physostegia raises its tall white spikes
of bloom a few weeks later, brightening an
otherwise dull spot.

Platycodons, both blue and white, are
capital to dwell among and succeed Canter-
bury bells; the platycodons to be followed
again in their turn by the later-blooming
Campanula pyramidalis.

Will some kind garden-lover make me his
debtor by suggesting a good neighbor and
successor to the hardy phlox? This has
been a problem in a locality where frost
is due in early September, and some of the

tenderer things such as cosmos are really ©

Fig. 5. Peonies and Canterbury bells take up the
succession in the garden proper

nothing but a risk. If one could raze one’s
phloxes to the ground once they had
finished their best bloom, the case might
be different. But the French growers now
advise (according to interesting cultural
instructions for phlox-growing issued by one
specialist) the retention of all flower stalks
during winter! This makes necessary an
immense amount of work in the way
of cutting, toward early September, in
order that the phloxes may keep some
decent appearance as shrub-like plants of
green.

To follow the bloom of vis Germanica (of
which I find two varieties planted together,
Mrs. Horace Darwin and Gloire de Hil-
legom, to give a charming succession
crop of flowers with a change of hue
as well), I have already recommended
the planting of gladiolus. Lilium can-
didum growing back of ins leaves is also
effective, and, by carefully considered
planting, gladiolus forms a between-crop
of no little value.

Of succession crops to follow each other
in places apart, it is hardly worth while to
speak. This is an easy matter to arrange;

MAGAZINE

59

the fading of color before one shrubbery
group acting as a signal to another place
to brighten. The Munstead primroses (Fig.
2) are scarcely out of bloom when tulip
Cottage Maid and arabis are in beauty as in
Fig. 3, in an unused spot under grapes, and
these are quickly followed by rambler roses
(Fig. 4) and peonies and Canterbury bells
in the garden proper (Fig. 5 and 7). Border-
ing on the turf edges of a walk in a kitchen
garden three succession crops of flowers
have been obtained by the use of these three
plantings. Roses stand a foot back from
the grass. Between them and the turf long
irregular masses of Tulipa Gesneriana, var.
yosea, bloom rich rose-red in May. The
roses follow in June; and Beauty of Oxford
verbena, covers the dying tulip leaves with
clusters of wonderful pink bloom which lasts
well into the autumn.

I have sometimes thought that a white
garden would be a simple matter to arrange
and that, under certain very green and
fresh conditions and with plenty of rich
shadow to give its tones variety, it should
not be monotonous. The procession of
white flowers is so remarkable, beginning
say with the snowdrop, sweet white violet,
and the arabis in its single and double forms,
followed quickly by Jberis Gibraitarica and
Phlox subulata, white violas — all these for
the low early flowers—and followed by
larger, taller, and more massive blooms, from
peonies on to Canterbury bells, thence to
lilies, white hollyhocks, gypsophilas, Pearl
achillea and white phloxes. Dozens of
flower names occur at the mere thought. It
seems as though every flower must have its
white representative. Whether an all-white
garden would be truly agreeable or no, I
cannot say, but I do hold that sufficient white
is not used in our gardens — that a certain
brilliancy in sunlight is lost by the absence
of masses of white flowers, succession crops
of which it is so easy to obtain and main-
tain. With the free use of white flowers,
there is sure to be a fresh proclamation of
beauty, too, at twilight, and under the
moon — arguments which must appeal to
the amateur gardener of poetic taste.

Fig.6. A general view showing how green is freely
used to display the flowers

Little Gardens on Crannied Walls—By H. S. Adams, <

Connec-

INGENIOUS WAYS OF BEAUTIFYING RETAINING WALLS BY GROWING PLANTS — HOW

THE IDEAL
INE has little liking for bare walls.

The moment she can get an entering
wedge into those that men rear of stone
and brick she adorns them with verdure
or flowers — or both.

Man caught on to this and learned a new
lesson — how to make a garden on a wall.
It was such a beautiful lesson that the won-
der is no more Americans have learned
it in the years of English “wall gardening,”
especially as it may readily resolve itself
into one of the simplest and most per-
manent methods of growing flowers.

Not infrequently it is merely a question of
taking advantage of an opportunity close at
hand and requiring only the finishing touch.
Why longer neglect such an opportunity when
the unique joys of “wall gardening” are
yours at a minimum of time and thought?
It may be only an old retaining wall, the
rough foundation of the hillside extension
of an ancient house or an ordinary “‘stone
hedge” — yet it is capable of taking on a
greater glory that you would scarcely dream
of. Picture bold masses of pink, white,
blue, red or orange flowers on your wall,
and you get some idea of the possibilities
of the charming perpendicular garden.

To have a wall ready is, however, at once
an advantage and a disadvantage. Some-
thing worth while can be made of it with a
minimum of tinkering, but, on the other
hand, no amount of tinkering can ever
put it where it will be the equal of a wall
garden properly planned.

Such a thought-out garden should have
for its foundation a ‘‘dry wall’? — one built
of stone without mortar — but with this

A wall garden where the planting overhangs;
vines and trailing plants may be used

The wall garden brings a breath of the mountains
to the home grounds

difference that earth instead of air is used
for. the spaces.

The wall ought to be constructed in
planting time, in order that the plants
may be built in, as it were. The older and
tougher the stone the better, for the wall
garden must look natural, and there should
be a wide variation in size; even the small-
est pieces can be used.

Stability is a prime consideration; with-
out that, all labor is in vain. Accord-
ingly begin with a layer of the largest
stones, setting them, with the flatter side
down, on firm ground, and, if preferred,
letting them go a little below the surface.
If large enough, the stones may be placed
only one deep. The next step is to begin
to add the soil. This should be filled in
behind the stones and packed down very
hard with a rammer, to reduce as much as
possible the inevitable settling down after
rains. Two or three inches of the soil, gritty
as well as good, should next be placed on top
of the layer of stones, to within about two
inches of the edge, and pressed down tightly.

Then it is time to begin planting, and
unless the principle of the thing is under-
stood right there, failure is again courted.
The basis of this principle of “wall garden-
ing” is found in the habits of alpine plants.
There may be only a little rosette or cushion
of foliage, but it will be crowned by a pro-
fusion of flowers that suggest far more
nourishment than the rocks seem to offer.
The secret is that down a hidden crevice
into which soil has worked its way, tiny
roots are penetrating a matter of feet to
get sustenance. So the soil of the success-
ful wall garden is packed into every bit of
space between the stones to provide con-
genial avenues for the roots of the plants

60

WALL GARDEN MAY BE BUILT AND THE PLANTS TO PUT IN IT

to reach the more abundant earth behind.
To actually simulate nature in the planting,
by a short cut, plants are laid on the earth-
covered stones in such a way as to leave
the crown resting on the edge of the layer
of soil and the roots spread out longitudi-
nally. Well established plants are better
than those just divided. Lest the second
layer of stone bear too heavily on them,
small stones are placed here and there, and a
little soil sprinkled over the whole. Then
the second layer of stone and plants is
added and so on to the top, which, ordi-
narily, should be about four feet high, to
bring the plants on an easy line with the
eye, and not less than two and a half feet —
thick. After the first layer the stones
should be slightly tilted toward the back,
to strengthen the wall and to provide a
slope for water drainage.

This plan is for a simple retaining wall —
the best for such a garden, both as to fitting
in with the surroundings and not drying out.
It is readily applied, however, to a division
wall of stone, with either one side or both
planted. The procedure is the same, but
both sides must be worked on at once, and
the soil inside —liberal in quantity to
provide against drying out — should have
stones scattered through it. As in the case
of the retaining wall, each layer of stone
from the top down ought to project about
two inches beyond the one above it. This
looks more natural and gives the plants a
door-sill. The layers should always be
so arranged that some of the larger stones
act as bridges. The planting may or may
not extend to the top of the wall; if it does
the plants must be carefully packed in with
small stones to prevent washing out. If
water is likely to settle behind the base,
build in, near the ground, some small drain
pipes.

The more stable mortar wall may be
built of either stone or brick; the former is
better for the plants, with a space — pene-
trating to the interior — left here and there
for the plants. Excepting with a very
profuse planting, however, it is not possible
to make the smoother surface look natural
and there is the added disadvantage of the
practical necessity of planting after the wall
is built.

In the case of existing mortar walls a
stone or brick must be chiseled out here and
there — never in straight lines—for soil
cavities. Obviously it would not do simply
to stick a plant in and fill up the hole with
earth. It is necessary to anchor it by
packing bits of stone and brick around it.
As for a “dry wall” already built, pieces
must be pried out for the larger soil pockets.
Weeds can be taken out with a chisel, if
not deep-rooted. The planting will be ten
times as hard as with a planned wall garden
and less effective —to say nothing of the

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62

impossibility of get-
ting the roots in their
proper position at
the start; but with
care it may be accom-
plished safely. -
Sowing seed is
safer for old walls
and is an excellent
way of supplement-
ing the planting of
the specially made
perpendicular gar-
den. Don’t sow it
thick, as much thin-
ning out is danger-
ous. For larger holes
a mixture of loam,
sphagnum moss and
seeds may be used;
for crevices a paste
of old cow manure,
loam, seeds and
water, and for the
smallest holes a
“pill” of seeds, loam
and moss. Seed may
also be sown in
boxes and trans-

THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

E SEPTEMBER, 1910

primulas — does not
that look beautiful
in the mind’s eye?
For the mind’s eye
first must figure it
all out; a rough
sketch with the
plants filled in with
colors will help
materially.

By careful calcula-
tion, it is not difficult
to have something
in bloom the season
thr ou g healer
“Johnny-jump-up”’
(Viola tricolor) and
Kenilworth ivy (Lin-
aria cymbalaria)
alone would accom-
plish that, the former
persisting even in
cold weather. Then
there are the wall
pepper (Sedwm acre),
and other stone
crops; wallflower
(Chetranthus cheirt),
which has been tested

planted. Whether Ampelopsis, one of the best of wall covers but too luxuriant to permit of any crevice planting; though, on an American

plants or seeds are

used, keep the “‘wall

garden’”’ moist at the outset, unless kindly
showers are doing this for you.

Generally speaking, the wall garden
brings a breath of the mountains to the
home grounds with less risk than the rock
garden, as the condition of cool roots is
better met. In truth some alpine plants
will winter in a wall that would perish on
level ground or even in a frame. Moreover,
they live longer; surviving for years if
properly established, and this without any
attention to speak of. With our hotter

as here shown, nasturtiums may be used below it

and dryer July and August, there is not
the wide range of alpine plants to draw on
here that the English wall garden can com-
mand; but there is enough and to spare. If
there were only three plants of early spring,
—the white rock cress (Arabis albida), the
purple rock cress (Aubrietia deltoidea) and
gold dust (Alyssum saxatile)—an experiment
in “wall gardening” would well repay one
for all the pains taken. These three on
the wall and at the base of it a patch of the
early blue forget-me-not and some hardy

wall; creeping thyme

(Thymus serpillum),
hardy candytuft (Iberis Gibraltarica),
maiden pink (Dianthus deltoides), Carpa-
thian harebell (Campanula Carpatica), the
native harebell (Campanula rotundifolia),
the native columbine (Aquilegia Cana-
densis), white columbine (A. vulgaris),
woolly chickweed (Cerastium tomentosum)
pheasant’s eye pink (Dianthus plumarius)
hen-and-chickens (Sempervivum globiferum),
Saponaria ocymoides, Veronica repens and
spicata and the Marguerite carnation, to
mention only a few of the absolutely reliables.

“Sours and Dillies”—By John Gifford, rs

THE REAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE TWO FAMOUS CROPS OF THE TROPICS, AND THE PLACES THEY
FILL IN THE EVERY DAY WORLD—A SUGGESTION FOR THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRADE

[Eprtor’s Norr.— This is the second article in a series on the important tropical fruits that flourish in Florida, etc., and which yield profitable crops.|

ISIT a conch farmer on the Florida

Keys and the conversation will soon

drift to the condition of his ‘sours and
dillies.”

The “sours” or limes were planted long
ago mainly for their acid juice which was
cherished by seafaring folk to combat
scurvy, while “‘dillies,” the short for sapo-
dillas, were grown because they have always
been held in high esteem by the natives
both black and white, of the Florida Keys
and the Bahama Islands.

The buccaneerish taint in my blood got
the upper hand when I bought a farm on the
Keys, well stocked with limes, sapodillas,
and cocoanuts, and a sloop which I named
The Dilly. Since then my interest in
sours and dillies has grown, in spite of de-

vastating storms, tricky commission men,
and long droughts.

These two fruits, grow together on the
Keys among lime rocks of coral origin,
where soil is often so scarce that on some
acres, which one could easily select without
wandering far, a man would have to scrape
with a spoon for a whole day to get a barrow
load. The rocks stick up as though the
bones of mother earth were dry and bare,
without skin or flesh of any kind.

In the crevices of the rock there is some
soil, and from the porous rock itself the plant
must derive nourishment. At any rate, the
lime tree produces sour limes, and the
sapodilla tree sweet sapodillas, in great
abundance.

If one plows this soil he must use, dyna-

mite, and all weeding is done with a machete
or a sailor’s bowie knife.

In a moist season the little lime, hardly
more than a seedling, is planted in a rock
crevice or pot-hole. If the ocean keeps its
place and the weeds are kept in check, the
lime tree will thrive and in three years will
blossom and fruit — a fruit with a delicious
refreshing aroma which puts the lemon to
shame. The lemon is a coarse, thick-
skinned, rough, raggy and acrid product
compared with the lime. School children
in Boston eat limes pickled in salt-water, at
recess.. The lime is a naturally refined and
delicate acid fruit.

The lime is a spiny, semi-wild crop, al-
though a spineless variety from Trinidad
is being tried. It stands no frost and will

SEPTEMBER, 1910

not flourish if too carefully tended. No
fertilizer except a little half-rotted seaweed,
and no cultivation except a couple of weed-
ings a year, are needed. Heavy crops of
fruit are produced almost every summer,
often with a light winter crop, and the limes
from the Keys are especially cherished be-
cause, unlike mainland limes, they will carry
long distances without deterioration.

The lime is thin-skinned, full of juice in
proportion to rag, of a delicate inimitable
aroma, and once a lime-convert the epicure
forever after spurns the lemon.

There is little trouble in getting them
picked in spite of the mosquitoes and their
needle-like thorns.

The lime is in active demand because
there is an unquenchable desire — the awful
thirst which besets the American people in
the summer time. Great pyramids of limes
may be seen at almost every soda fountain
where limeades are in vogue or at the club
where the gin-rickey holds sway. A whole
lime for a glass with the thin aromatic rind
thrown in is the rule. For that reason big
limes are not wanted, and then, limes are
usually bought by the barrel and sold by the
dozen.

My crop last year on about four acres of
land amounted to two hundred and some
barrels. A flour barrel is the standard and
holds about one hundred and twenty-five
dozen limes. They netted me on the average
$3.50 a barrel. They probably retailed at
twenty cents a dozen, costing the consumer
about twenty-five dollars a barrel —a fair

instance of the abysmal gulf between the

consumer and producer.

WAYS OF USING LIMES

Limejuice has other uses than assuaging
thirst. In the form of citric acid it is exten-
sively used in manufacturing establishments.

A little lime juice put in the water in which

A lime tree on Elliott’s Key, Fla., showing the
rocky nature of the soil

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Sapodillas growing and fruiting in the ‘‘bush’’ on
Elliott’s Key, Fla.

meat is boiled renders it more tender and
palatable.

Added to desserts, other fruits jams, etc.,
it brings out their peculiar flavors and
removes flatness.

It offsets hardness in water.

With salt it will clean brass and remove
stains from the hands.

It improves and whitens boiled rice and
sago. It is a soothing application to irri-
tions caused by insect bites. It is better
than vinegar as a salad dressing. It makes a
cleansing tooth-wash diluted with water. It
is good for the liver, useful in fevers, and
they say a little limejuice in the water you
drink is sure death to the typhoid bacillus!

And so I manage my lime plantation —
a kind of laissez-faire system — but it pays
a good interest. A new-comer would hardly
notice it in passing. A colored man called
Parson Jones, otherwise known as the Sul-
tan of Cesar’s Creek, has an eye on it.
Every month or so I meet him in town, but
his good wife, who picks limes also, has not
been away from home for three years.
Three or four times a year when we want
to bathe in the briny parti-colored waters
of the Keys or seek plunder on_beach-
combing expeditions along the shores, I
drop in to look over my plantation and pick
some green cocoanuts for the refreshing
liquid which they contain. My only concern
is in summer, awaiting returns from ship-
ments. Sometimes the sales are disap-
pointing, especially in the region of New
York, if a ship has arrived with a cargo of
“sours”? each wrapped in brown paper from
the island of Santo Domingo.

WHY PLANT DILLIES?

My sapodillas were planted because they
yield a very sweet fruit and stand firm in the
teeth of the gale. The trees are so dense

63

and sturdy that they form a wind-shield and
storm-break. Good dillies have a local sale
of a penny each. Some are smooth light
brown with a pink blush on one side, but
many resemble a rusty-coat apple. The
colored gentry will invest in this luxury
even when grits are low in the larder. And
the raccoons are so fond of them that ripe
dillies on the trees are seldom found.

But there is a future to the dilly beyond
all this. The gum or milky juice of the tree
is the basis of chewing-gum, and although
the world at large may not be cognizant of
this impending calamity, and although even
the conservation commission has not con-
sidered it, we are on the verge of a chewing-
gum famine. ‘The price of this gum, called
chicle, has risen, the quantity given in a
cake of gum has been reduced to the severest
minimum, and adulteration has reached its
maximum. Still the demand is beyond the
supply.

The man who plants limes, with sapo-
dillas for a wind-break, is actually, but
perhaps unwittingly and indirectly, furnish-
ing important ingredients for two articles
not destined to uplift mankind — the gin-
rickey and chewing-gum.

In addition to yielding a sweet fruit and
a valuable gum, the wood of the sapodilla
tree is probably as near everlasting as wood
can be, in fact it outlasts many metals.
Lintels of zapote, or sapodilla wood, in the
ruins of Mexico are still hard and sound,
having endured many centuries, probably
3,000 years.

In a few years, no doubt, there will be
many chicle plantations, under the control
of companies inducing the unwary to part
with their coin on the promise of great future
returns, as in the case of rubber.

Even now chicle figures in American stock
reports, and American chicle is bought and
sold in Wall Street by the side of stock of
other great corporations.

Fruit of Sapola Zapotilla. In appearance it resem-
ples a rusty-coated apple

Choosing a Site for the Garden—By W. S. Rogers

YOU CAN SAVE YOURSELF A LOT OF BITTER DISAPPOINTMENTS BY CAREFULLY CONSIDERING THE
QUESTIONS OF SUNSHINE AND SHADE BEFORE STARTING A GARDEN—THE IMPORTANCE OF ASPECT

UNSHINE is the main thing to con-
sider in selecting a garden site. With
a house facing south it is not possible to
avoid a considerable shadow from the house
itself. A garden surrounded by a high wall
also will have the disadvantage of the wall
shadows on the south boundaries. Gales
from the west and southwest are often very
destructive to trees and plants by reason of
their force alone. On the other hand, the
cold winds from the north, northeast, and
east do damage by their low tempera-
ture and dryness, “‘cutting” and destroying
young growth.

The ideal site for a country plot, there-
fore, is one open to the south, and prefera-
bly sloping slightly in that direction, partly
sheltered by higher ground or trees to the
west and southwest, and. wholly sheltered
to the north and northeast.

Another point is the dryness of the soil,
which is intimately connected with its tem-
perature. The warmth of a site, other
things being equal, is influenced by the
nature of the soil. The coldness of a damp
site is due to the absorption of heat resulting
from evaporation.

The following table, compiled by Schubler,
shows the relative heat-absorbing capaci-
ties of various soils, assuming 100 as the
standard:

Saal Hatin Some Item 5 5 5 0 5 5 6 9 TOO

Pains Sainsl 5 5 6 go's co 6 oo 6 6 oo) ORM
IDENE CER, Db coos 5 6 oo 8 oo 8 8 DG)
lsigarny GENY os n 9b 8 oo fot
Brick=earth <2 ta 27/3 ca eo ee 68.4
Guile) Bae. memo. os! 'da. ox (oo er i, ORS)
ISMN 4 og o o 6 6 6 6 0 0 6 8 nD) AGO

Individual tastes differ greatly. One
person may desire seclusion, and on that
account may prefer his small domain cir-
cumscribed by natural limits to the view;
another may value the panoramic prospect
to be obtained from an eminence.

In all cases the proximity of an eyesore
in the immediate surroundings is to be
avoided. Ugly buildings, waste land scat-
tered with rubbish, small property inhabited
by undesirable people, a cemetery, a laundry,
should disqualify an otherwise desirable
site, unless it were feasible to screen those
objects.

A house perched upon a hilltop, or in
the centre of a treeless field, has a bleak,
forbidding aspect, which it may take many
years to redeem. The presence of old
hedgerows and bushes should be welcomed,
as it is often possible to utilize them in the
garden scheme.

The contour of the ground is important.
Sites, particularly small ones which embrace
considerable slopes, are disappointing, and
present difficulties to the gardener. On
the other hand, variety of contour is a gain,
offering many suggestions for picturesque
treatment. A uniform slope, if in a southern
direction and slight, is preferable to a dead

level, as it insures natural drainage; unless
a tennis lawn is a sine qua non.

Try to fix provisionally the position for
the house, which in most cases will be
suggested by the lay of the ground and by
its aspect. Endeavor to form a mental
picture of the main elements of the garden,
giving due weight to the natural features of
the ground and its surroundings.

In a comparatively small plot the process
will be simple. In a large plot the matter
may involve more difficulty, as alternative
positions for the house will suggest them-
selves.

In forming a judgment on the suitability
of a site for gardening purposes it is essen-
tial to ascertain the nature not only of the
surface or ‘‘top-spit,” but of the subsoil.
This can only be done by having a trench
dug, say at least four feet deep. If the plot
is of considerable extent a series of trenches
should be opened out at various points;
because soils, and subsoils particularly, may
vary even within the comparatively restricted
limits of a garden site. The surface soil
is not always very closely related to the
subsoil.

A stiff clay subsoil is to be avoided, as
it is not amenable to effective drainage.
Sand, gravel, chalk, or loose marl are pre-
ferable to clay soils, but where clay and sand
are found in admixture, the condition would
not preclude good gardening — indeed, the
rose-grower would find a soil of this descrip-
tion one of the best for his particular purpose.

The dryness of a site depends mainly
upon the facility with which the rain-water
can percolate through the soil and the dis-
tance from the surface water. Clay is
impervious to water, and consequently,
when a layer of this material is found near
the surface, the surface soil will be either
waterlogged or baked to dryness, according
to weather and rainfall.

A gravelly soil of considerable depth on
a gentle slope, all things considered, is the

Shadow tracings of house and garden walls, dis-
tinguishing full shadow from partial shadow by
the depth of shading

64

best, as such a soil is drained naturally. If
topped with good loam, with not too liberal
an admixture of stones, it is an ideal one
for the gardener. A chalky subsoil is not
objectionable, provided the surface soil has
sufficient depth to admit of proper tillage.

Soils overlying rocky formations must be
judged by their quality and depth. When
the surface soil is shallow, and the rock
impervious to water, they suffer from the
same disabilities as stiff clay land.

The presence of stones in the surface soil,
generally associated with a gravelly sub-
soil, but almost as frequently with chalk,
is no great detriment. On sloping ground
the stones will be found in greater quantity
at the lower levels, particularly if the land
has been in cultivation.

Light sandy soils suffer from drought,
and need to be heavily manured.

Light soils may be treated with clay or
brick-earth, and clay soils with sand, ashes,
and other light porous materials. The
surface layer may thus be modified and
rendered more amenable to tillage; but no
treatment of the surface will meet the case
if the subsoil is unsuitable. Select a site on
which the soil is neither too heavy nor too
light.

Avoid made-ground, the composition of
which may be anything from gas-lime to
meat-cans. Peat land does not constitute
a good site, because the existence of peat
implies waterlogging. Drainage, however,
may be effectual in converting it into a good
garden, always provided that the nature
of the subsoil permits of draining it
thoroughly.

Land which has recently been in cultiva-
tion, either as arable or garden ground, is
in most cases preferable to pasture because
it has a greater depth of surface soil, and
constant working and manuring have brought
it to the best consistency.

On the other hand, a pasture has certain
advantages. There may be some additional
labor needed to bring the soil into working
condition, but it may be possible to preserve
part of the pasture as grass, and thus avoid
the necessity for turfing or sowing.

In small gardens the question of aspect
is perhaps the most important factor for
the gardener to consider, because the size
of his garden will be measured, not so much
by length and breadth, as by the amount of
space which receives full sunlight.

The sun passes from east to west by the
sweep to the south. Thus the north side
of houses, trees, and other fixed objects
receives absolutely no sunshine, whilst the
east and west sides receive sun only in the
morning and evening.

A south aspect implies that flowers can
be grown only in the front yard. An east
or west aspect will give a shady strip on
the south or north side of the house.

a

What is a “ PrimrosePr’’—By Sherman R. Duffy,

AN ACCOUNT OF ONE MAN’S EXPERIENCES IN THE GROWING OF MANY PLANTS IN THE HUNT
AND SOME OF THESE ALLIED KINDS WITH WHICH IT IS CONFUSED

FOR THE REAL PRIMROSE,

F PRIMULA VERIS is Primula vul-
garis, and if Primula vulgaris is Pri-
mula acaulis, and if Primula veris is also
Primula officinalis, and if Primula veris
is likewise Primula elatior, what, pray, is a
primrose? This interesting and rather intri-
cate proposition was presented to me for the
first time through some correspondence with
the managing editor of this magazine. It
was brought about because I wrote him I did
not believe that our summers were too hot
and dry for the sucessful cultivation of the
primrose. I offered to send some photo-
graphs to show that I was growing prim-
roses, but sent a picture of what is styled a
polyanthus.

It develops that my understanding of the
word primrose in connection with the poly-
anthus is not the accepted usage of the word.
As a sort of a codicil I sent a picture of a
family group of primulas—I sidestep the
word primrose—as a guarantee of good
faith.

When it comes right down to figuring
what a true primrose is and how to go about
buying the seed of a true primrose, I don’t
know exactly what anybody is going to do.
Among my statements concerning prim-
roses I mentioned blue polyanthus — wrong
again. Like the animal in the sideshow,
“there ain’t no such thing,” but seedsmen
advertise them.

It was a very interesting study to look
over the various kinds of primulas I had
bought and grown under the titles given
them by seedsmen and then try to diagnose
them. As a test I brought a bunch of
several kinds of primula blossoms to the
manageress of the hostelry where I reside
during the working days of the week. She
is an Englishwoman who has been in America
only a few months. I offered her the collec-
tion of blooms and said, ‘“‘Can you tell me
what these are?”

“Certainly,” she answered. Selecting

some of the yellow blooms she said, “These
are primroses. The others are primulas.”

I hunted up my collection of seed cata-
logues and made a list of the primula seeds

The ‘‘laced’’ polyanthus, deep red-brown with a
narrow edge of golden yellow

I had purchased and from which I had at
various times raised plants and here it is:

Primula vulgaris.

Primula acaulis.

Primula veris maximum Triumph.

Primula veris elatior (polyanthus).

Primula veris cerulea.

Polyanthus (Primula elatior), Giant Blue.

Polyanthus (Primula elatior), New Large flower-
ing.

Invincible Giant Cowslip.

Primula Sieboldii, new hybrids.

Primula cortusoides Sieboldi, mixed.

Primula denticulata, new hybrids.

Primrose (bunch-flowered primrose), large flow-
ered mixed.

Polyanthus, Munstead strain of bunch prim-
roses.

Primula Cashmeriana “Ruby”

Primula Japonica.

Bailey’s encyclopedia says Primula veris
should be divided like all Gaul, into three
parts, P. officinalis, vulgaris, and elatior.
He says vulgaris is the primrose and that
it has yellow flowers borne on long slender
pedicels and not rising above the leaves.
William Robinson, in ‘‘The English Flower
Garden,” says P. vulgaris is of various
colors, including blue. I know that I have
the yellow primrose P. vulgaris which
Robinson styles the common primrose and
which Bailey distinguishes by the unadorned
and unqualified title of plain primrose.

Also, the “blue polyanthus” and Primula
verts cerulea agree with the description of
P. vulgaris according to Robinson, although
the pedicels are not as long as in the P. vul-
garis as described by Bailey. The poly-
anthus, as described by everybody, has an
individuality that makes it unmistakable,
but it has occasional forms that verge toward
vulgaris in the shortening of the scape and
the elongation of the pedicels.

However, whatever they may be, whether
true primroses, polyanthuses or imitation or
bunch primroses, according to the idea of
the botanists or the jargon of the commer-
cial seedsmen, they are well worth growing.
Moreover, barring one or two of the species
named, they present no grave difficulties
of culture even in light, dry, sandy soil.
Primula denticulata, according to my experi-
ence, must have a moist soil to flourish. P.
Cashmeriana did not seem to be hardy, or
the soil was uncongenial. At any rate, after
making fine plants it failed to appear the
following spring.

The various veris, elatior, vulgaris, and
polyanthus types which I have tried have
grown and bloomed excellently. The poly-
anthuses are more showy than the others
owing to their habit of throwing a compact
bunch of flowers well above the foliage, while
the others nestle among the leaves or send
their blossoms only out to the tips of the
leaves.

Primula Sieboldit or cortusoides, var. Siebol-
dit, is another of the species of primrose with
which I have experimented that seems to like

65

Some members of the Primula family, all easily
grown if given a deep soil and partial shade

a light open soil. It is the handsomest in
foliage and has the most graceful flowers.
The leaves turn yellow and disappear shortly
after the plant blooms, and it seems to be in
a dormant state until late in the summer,
when green leaves start from the creeping
root-stock. I have thought several times
the plant was dead, but, on digging around
it, found the roots seemingly fresh and it
reappeared later in the season.

The denticulata primroses unquestionably
seem to want more coolness and moisture
than either of the above. They send out
their leaves and flower heads at the same
time. These primroses need a mulch and
extra care in the way of furnishing moisture
to thrive during the hot months, but their
dainty heads of blue and lavender in the
spring are well worth the attention.

For gorgeous masses of color in the early
spring, the polyanthus can’t be beat. It
is so easily raised from seed, such a sure
bloomer and requires so little attention I
cannot understand why it is not more com-
mon. A fifteen-cent packet of seeds will
give a good supply of plants in a wonderful
range of color, varying from almost pure
white through light and deep yellows with
some exquisitely tinted forms, through
scarlet to almost black with endless varia-
tions of “lacings” and frills and scallops.

The blue primroses seem to me the least
valuable of the lot, for their color is not good,
particularly after their first year. It is pur-
plish at best and becomes dingy as the plant
grows older. Several years ago I was given
a few clumps of blue primroses, and later
raised some “blue polyanthus” from seed.
They were identical in character.

As to their drought-resisting properties,
I find them in the same class with gaillardias,
one of the most certain subjects to survive.

66

In any literature treating of primroses a
statement is almost invariably made that
they must have a cool, moist situation and
will not survive a hot, dry summer without
special care. True enough of some species
of primroses, such as denticulata; but in my
sandy garden, the polyanthus and the gail-
lardia survive drought better than anything
else. It is surely a mistake to say that our
summers will not permit successful poly-
anthus culture. Shade. is the one requisite,
and even partial shade will do except in the
most exposed and absolutely dry situations.
My border is located on the top of a sand-
stone ledge, slopes to the south and is held
in place by a concrete
retaining wall. It is
so perniciously well
drained that it takes
up water like a
sponge, yet I have
grown as fine poly-
anthus as I should
care to see in this
border for years, and
they have received no
more care than is
necessary to success-
fully grow the ordi-
nary perennials.

A little study shows
why the plant has a
remarkably large root
system for the spread
of foliage. The roots
are tough and pene-
trate straight down
into the earth to a
considerable depth.
The seedling prim-
rose at first has a
fibrous root system.
The first work of the
little plant is to form
a crown. From this
crown in late summer
a number of tough,
sharp, white, pointed
roots start, turn, and
go straight down. By
fall the primrose is
firmly anchored to the
earth and has a big
feeding system far
enough in the earth to provide moisture
except in most exceptionally dry weather.

The thick heavy leaves during the hottest
weather droop and lie flat on the earth, form-
ing a complete mulch that covers a space
fully equal to the circumference of the root
system, thus helping to preserve the moisture
in the soil.

All of the above members of the primrose
family are easily grown from seed and ger-
minate within three weeks, except Sieboldii,
which is apt to take its time about appearing,
and then the whole crop of seed does not
germinate at once. I have never been able
to induce one P. Japonica seed to grow.

In raising the polyanthus from seed, I
plant in the open ground in May ina shady
situation, transplant into rows as they make
their second leaves, cultivate them as I would

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

a row of vegetables, and move them into
their quarters for spring blooming early in
September so that they may become re-
established before cold weather.

They respond quickly to fertilizers, but
it has been my experience that too fresh
manures are not as good as well decayed.
The best polyanthuses I ever grew were
planted above six inches of manure and
leaves which had stood all summer and was
then trenched in.

The polyanthus resents too heavy a
blanket. in winter, by pushing up through
it. A light cover of leaves or spent manure
after the ground is frozen in sufficient. If

Primrose and polyanthus flowers alike; the former is borne singly on short stalks, the polyanthus

makes an umbel

forced by the warmth of too much covering,
the leaves come through drawn and yellow.
I have left them with no covering at all,
but the edges of the leaves are likely to be
blackened by thawing and freezing, which
makes them look ragged in the spring.
After a supply of seedlings has been
raised, the propagation of the better forms
is simple. The clumps may be divided
after the second year, and the plants will
be the better for it. It is almost necessary
to divide the third year, for after that the
centre of the crown hardens and dies, and
a lot of little plants form about the circum-
ference which need a season or two after
removal to become strong blooming plants.
In each lot of seedlings there will be some
inferior forms and a few which do not throw
the flowers above the leaves. These can be

SEPTEMBER, 1910

destroyed and the better specimens propa-
gated. The finest display I ever had was
secured by planting the offshoots of each
clump, when divided, in little patches giving
colonies of various shades. With a little care
in marking the clumps before the bloom
fades, a very handsome color arrangement
may be worked out.

I have seen it stated that young plants
obtained from division of old clumps lack the
sturdiness of seedlings, but I cannot detect
any difference. The clumps must be divided
at least every third year or else the centre of
the crown hardens and dies and a lot of tiny
plants form around the circumference which

take two or three
seasons to become.
good blooming size.
Personally, I pre-
fer the solid colors to
the ‘‘laced” kinds,
but occasionally a
particularly striking
“laced” variety will
appear. The one
shown in the photo-
graph is so bright in
color as to appear
almost luminous. It
is a deep maroon,
lined and edged with

pale yellow.
The only time that
I find the polyanthus
peculiarly susceptible
to dry weather is
immediately after
division, whichshould
be done as soon as
the flowers fade.
Taken later in the
summer the plants do
not get sufficiently
well established to
make strong plants
for the following

| spring.

| The only bad luck
I ever experienced
with primroses came
.. four years ago when
I waited until July
4th to divide the
clumps. A long, hot,
dry spell followed, and as I was away
from home the newly divided plants did
not receive proper care to permit them to
form new roots and I lost nearly my entire
stock. They should be divided imme-
diately after they have finished blooming,
and will then have ample time to establish
themselves before fall. I have found them
very easy to transplant, even late in the fall.

Another mistake I made was in planting
my plants as an edging instead of a fairly
good sized patch. Half the beauty is de-
stroyed by stringing them out in a narrow
line, and this year they are to be reassembled.
As I divide them I make colonies of one
variety in the bed and endeavor to make
the lighter varieties grade into the darker,
and the bed is much prettier than if mixed
haphazard.

Why You Should Plant Daffodils Now—By A. M. Kirby, 3%

BECAUSE OF THE EARLY GROWTH MADE BY THE BULBS YOU CANNOT GET
THE BEST FLOWERS UNLESS YOU PLANT AS SOON AS THE BULBS ARRIVE

AS Y time between July and November,

but the earlier the better, is the daffo-
dil’s planting season. Under natural con-
ditions they commence making new roots
soon after the bulbs ripen which, according
to the variety, is, in the latitude of New
York, June or July. The poeticus types
and their hybrids are especially resentful
of being kept dry and dormant.

Imported bulbs are not likely to be re-
ceived before the middle of September,
however, and it is therefore well to be ready
to plant them at once. The more root
growth made before winter, the larger the
flowers. Late planted bulbs usually give
fairly satisfactory results the next spring;
but full-sized, characteristic flowers cannot
be expected until the second spring after
planting. Growing bulbs may be lifted in
July, and at once replanted with good pros-
pects of large blooms the next season.

GARDEN PLANTING

Daffodils making bulbs not larger than
an inch in diameter are quickly and easily
planted with a garden dibber, thrust into
the ground far enough to make a hole of
the proper depth, and wiggled back and
forth to enlarge the hole at the bottom, so
that the base of the bulb may touch the
soil. Large bulbs are best planted with a
trowel. In either case they are covered
with soil, which, if not “sticky damp,”
should be pressed very firmly, by hand or
foot, into contact with the bulb.

In heavy ground or low-lying situations,
where undue moisture from melting snow
or other causes keeps the soil wet for weeks
in spring, a handful of sand under and
around the bulb of any rare and delicate
variety, particularly the white trumpet
daffodils, will often prevent it from be-
coming diseased through bad drainage.

PLANTING IN TURF

When the sod is sufficiently moist and
soft, the quickest way is to use a spade
handle sharpened dibber-like, with a cross-
piece for a foot-rest fastened about six
inches from the point. Or thrust a spade
or digging fork slantingly into the sod and
soil, and insert one or more bulbs in the
cleft, tramping the turf back.

LIFTING AND DIVIDING

The natural increase by offsets of some
varieties is threefold the second year after
planting. While most sorts are not so

prolific in from three to six years, accord-_

ing to circumstances, the clumps of plants
will have become so crowded, and perhaps
the soil so exhausted, that fewer and smaller
flowers will be produced. It is then time
to dig up the bulbs, separate them and
their offsets, and replant.

The best time to do this, as a rule, is

when the foliage has yellowed one-third
down from the top, but some varieties,
particularly those comprising the poeticus,
Burbidgei and odorus groups, also Trumpet
Maximus, and possibly some others, should
be lifted even sooner, for the reason that
new root growth commences before the
foliage has ripened down. In those cases
the later lifting is injurious to the tender
rootlets, which are likely to die off, weaken-
ing the bulb and reducing the size of the
next season’s flowers, even if it does not
prevent flowering altogether. It is con-
sidered good practice to lift early — bet-
ter too early than too late — store the
clumps in a cool, airy, shady place (pref-
erably 'on trays) and there let them ripen
and cure until the old leaves and roots are
dry, when they are easily cleaned off and
divided.

Lifting should be done by a spading:

fork; never use a spade, as the danger of
cutting the bulbs is thereby increased.
Take the fork and insert it perpendicularly
an inch or two from the outside of the clump,
and thrust it down until the tines are com-
pletely buried. Work it backward and
forward slightly and from side to side, so
as to loosen the surrounding earth, and
when the mass will yield easily, incline the
fork so that it will pass under the bulbs,
and lift them.

Dividing bulbs held together by matted
roots and removing the offsets are best done
just before replanting. Do not remove

Plant daffodil bulbs as early as possible. The
more root growth made before winter, the better
the flowers

67

any offset unless it is entirely detached from
the mother bulb, with the exception of the
union at the base. This may be cut through
with a sharp knife if the variety is choice,
though the common sorts are usually merely
broken apart. Surplus offsets may be used
for naturalizing.

WINTER MULCHING AND PROTECTION

In garden culture it is not practicable
to follow nature’s gradations in covering
and uncovering. The best that we can do
is to mulch, as soon as the surface of the
ground is frozen to a crust, not before, and
to remove the mulch in the spring after
hard freezing weather is over — before
the growth of the bulbs has penetrated the
mulch sufficiently to prevent its removal
without injuring the young growths.

The answer to the question ‘‘What is
the best mulch” depends largely on what
kinds are available. The one direct lesson
from nature is warmth with air, and the
actual substance is of little moment. In
Holland, water rushes are used, and they
are ideal. On a cold, bleak, northerly
exposed, hillside ground, a six-inch cover-
ing of forest leaves, held down by tree
branches, has been used with great success.
In a less exposed and warmer location a
four-inch covering would possibly answer
well. As for manure, Mr. De Graff, the
well-known daffodil grower of Holland,
said to me: “‘Use no more manure. If
you cannot get weeds or rushes, try sphag-
num moss or cocoanut fibre refuse.” A
three-inch cover of the latter is light, warm
and airy and retains an even degree of
moisture. It costs five dollars a ton at the
factory. Four to six inches of salt meadow
hay — or even ordinary straw and hay —
is excellent.

In the spring, as soon as the ground is
workable, after the winter covering has
been removed, stir the soil with a narrow
rake, hand fork, or prong weeder, to break
up the hard-packed surface and so enable
the plants to come through easily.

GROUPING IN GARDENS

Daffodils are most happily placed when
growing in clumps in the foreground of a
border of mixed shrubs and _ herbaceous
plants. The shrubs supply sufficient shel-
ter and shade at all times, and the herba-
ceous plants grow up and hide the ripening
daffodil foliage as it begins to get unsightly.
Here the bulbs may remain undisturbed
to flourish and increase for several years.

Plant each variety by itself, in irregular
colonies of from twelve to twenty-five
bulbs, each one in a little bay with a back-
ground of greenery, alternating the early,
mid-season and later flowering varieties,
so that a long succession of bloom may be
enjoyed in all parts of the border.

Color Effects that Have Really Succeeded

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ACTUAL EFFECTS OBTAINED IN PLANTING FOR COLOR AND SUCCESSION — SOME

SUGGESTIVE COMBINATIONS AND

Pink, Blue and Yellow for a
Shaded Garden

By ANNE D. McKrspin, Minnesota

I WAS interested in reading, in the Feb-
ruary, 1910, GARDEN MAGAzINeE, the
editor’s plea for personality in our gardens.
The hint about trying the color scheme of
blue and white especially appealed to me.
In the smaller gardens too many colors are
allowed, thus producing an effect of “‘spot-
tiness”; harmony and restfulness are lack-
ing. I believe that in a small garden better
effects may be had by choosing a definite
number of colors — not too many of them,
either — and sticking to them.

For a garden where there is a good deal of
shade, as in my own, the softer, paler colors
look best. Their delicacy of tint would be lost
if they were grown in the sun. Bright reds,
deep oranges and yellows look crude and
hard in the shade, but grown in a sunny bor-
der, they lose that glad look and light up
wonderfully, becoming luminous, and warm,
and glowing.

The color scheme of my garden is very
simple, but quite a variety of plants is grown.
I discovered some time ago that the three
colors which pleased me most were pink,
yellow, and blue. A good deal of white is
used, and lots of foliage, both bright green
and the gray-green, as of the catmint leaves.
The silvery foliage of the hardy carnations
is valuable along the edegs of borders, as is
the foliage of the California poppies.

A garden of this sort, which has a definite
color scheme, needs a lot of planning, and I
believe is more interesting on that account.
My reason for choosing paler colors for this
garden was chiefly the fact that the garden
is somewhat shaded, and not that I dislike
the deeper colors in their proper places.
Of course, no garden could be complete
which did not contain an entire range of
colors. But I see few, if any, complete
gardens. The perfect garden is something
to be striven for but seldom gained, especially
in the adverse climate of Minnesota, where
gardening, at best, is a struggle.

In the spring, when the borders are empty
of perennial bloom, the bulbs supply the
color. I have many thousands of them.
Spring is the only time when I allow red in
my garden, for I cannot resist the scarlet
tulips, the most beautiful of all. ‘The bulbs
are planted in clumps among the green tufts
of foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) leaves, the
feathery pyrethrums and pale-like leaves
of the delphiniums. The pink tulips are
Picotee, Dainty Maid, Isabella, Inglescombe
Pink, pink and also white Joost van Vandel,
and Cottage Maid. The white are Nelly and
Pottebakker White. The yellows are Canary
Bird, Chrysolora, Ophir d’Or. The red
ones are Keizerskroon, Rembrandt, Potte-
bakker Scarlet. I never use double tulips.

NOTES ON THE PECULIARITIES OF

The narcissus are in such infinite variety
that it has been hard to make a selection,
but I have finally settled on the following,
although I like to try a few new ones each
year. For the trumpets, Emperor, Em-
press, Princeps, Horsefieldi, Mrs. W. T.
Ware. The medium-cupped ones are in-
comparabilis cynosure, Sir Watkin, Barri
conspicuus, and Leedsi.. The small-cupped
ones are Narcissus poeticus and var. ornatus,
also the double form or gardenia narcissus.
The only other double I have is Orange
Phoenix.

I have crocuses and hyacinths in blue,
both dark and light, pale and deep pink and
white, and a pale yellow. The grayish
purple heads of Fritidlaria meleagris are
always interesting to visitors. The pansies
are usually in bloom by this time, and a few
English daisies (Bellis perennis) are pink
along the edges of borders.

The next perennial to bloom is the colum-
bine (Aquilegia). I have many kinds, the
old-fashioned double rose and dull purple,
single and double white, a few pink single,
the coerulea or Rocky Mountain hybrids,
and the blue Count Zeppelin. The last to
bloom is the tall yellow and it lasts for sev-
eral months. It grows in front of Del-
phinium formosum and formosum celes-
tinum, and next to tall pyramids of pink
Canterbury bells (Campanula Medium) and
a few white ones. These (delphinium, yellow
columbine and pink Canterbury bells) are the
only plants in bloom in the border at
this time, and the effect is lovely.

Another long bed has all sorts of sweet
William (Dianthus barbatus) except the New-
port Pink, which is elsewhere, and tall pink
rose and white fox-glove (Digitalis purpurea).
The Newport Pink sweet William I have in
a bed with plenty of white and pale green,
and the pretty Campanula Carpatica, which
trails along as a sort of edging. California
poppies are here, too. In another long bed
I have, first of all, bulbs, then mixed colum-
bine, and, after these are over, hybrid del-
phiniums, mostly a pale blue with a large
black eye, are in bloom with tall spikes of
Madonna lilies. Later the bed is filled
with cosmos.

In the border first spoken of, and one other,
a later combination is dark blue monkshood
(Aconitum Napellus) and vivid phlox Coque-
licot (pink), also white phlox (like Jeanne
d’Arc). I fill in all the chinks with annuals.
I have asters, Comet and Tall Branching,
in pink rose, white and lavender. Long beds
of snapdragon and ten weeks’ stock supplant
the bulb beds. I have lots of Centaurea
imperialis, in three colors — Marguerite,
white, Iphigenia, lavender and white; and
Chameleon, yellow. They are fine for
cutting.

There are several good varieties of Cali-
fornia poppies now, including a pale cream

68

THE PARTICULAR VARIETIES

and a pink. These make nice edgings, as
does also the annual Phlox Drummondi.
There is a gorgeous variety of Oriental pop-
pies in silvery pink, called by some Blush
Queen. It is not always sure to come true
from seed, and is hard to grow, but worth the
trouble.

Other annuals are yellow African mari-
golds, yellow and pink zinnias, Nigella Miss
Jekyll (a lovely cornflower blue), all sorts
of double and single Shirley poppies and the
pink tulip poppies, annual pinks of many
varieties, annual lupines which I have from
England (Hartwegii, they are called) in
pink, white, and blue.

The irises are quite a problem, for they
come in so many colors that I have had a hard
time choosing. I have two varieties of Ger-
man iris after much experimenting, having
decided I like them best — Madam Chereau,
a lovely lavender and white, and a pale cream
variety, most common, but very pretty. I
have also the tall iris Dalmatia (lavender)
and the white Florentine iris. I have only
three sorts of Japanese iris — a lot of large
double white, deep blue and a frilled blue
striped white, known to one seedsman as
Alice Kiernan.

The hardy asters, tall cosmos, and Bol-
tonia, both white and pink, are the best
things in gardens toward fall. I have tried
Japanese anemones, but the frost usually
catches them, and I am disappointed.

The lilies are the glory of my garden, for
the damp situation and shelter provided to
the roots by a steep bank make it possible for

me to succeed with many kinds. I like the
Madonna (L. candidum) best. They are
the most satisfactory, too. Then I have

L. speciosum, vars. Melpomene, rubrum, and
album. A few L. auratum are planted from
year to year, and the beautiful pink Japon-
icum rubellum, or Kramert, I always have
a few of. L. longiflorum succeeds as well as
any, many of my plants being four feet tall.
I grow my lilies in a long bed with ferns,
which cover up the scraggly stalks of the
lilies and keep the roots cool, and I usually
plant in spring. I have the old-fashioned
lemon day lily (Hemerocallis flava), too, and
intend to arrange it next year with some tall
blue plant, if I can find one suitable.

My garden is so small that I have only one
rose, a Dorothy Perkins, over the summer-
house, and I have very few peonies, for they
need such a lot of room.

Color Harmonies in Adjoining
Beds

By M. N- REED, New York City

i ete garden plot, 110 x 52 ft., is on the
site of an old tennis court, cut off a
sloping hill, and is truly a woman’s hardy
garden, as no assistant gardener sets foot
within its gate, but to mow the grass walks.

SEPTEMBER, 1910

Four beds, 10 x 20 ft. each, divided by
paths and a small central pool, with trian-
gular beds about it, form the middle part
of the garden, and in them the color scheme
is carried out.

The southwest bed, blue and yellow
begins its bloom in May with Celeste and
late yellow tulips, daffodils, and hyacinths,
soon followed by Coreopsis lanceolata and
grandiflora, and beside them Platycodon
grandiflorum opens its big bells, blossoming
until October if all dead flowers are re-
moved; Baptista australis, sky-blue lark-
spur (which seeds itself), Canada lilies,
blue cornflower, and delphinium — three
successions of bloom. Alas! the ground
mice like delphinium as well as lilies, pinks,
and chrysanthemums, so I use mouse-traps
baited with cheese.

The central plants are Anchusa Italica
(Dropmore variety), which grows six feet
high, blooms in July, and has spikes of blue
flowers, and Helianthus rigidus, whose
starry flowers come in August, and are a
delight for weeks.

Here lemon African marigolds blend well
with the great Lobelia syphilitica, followed,
also in September, by sky-blue Salvia
azurea, set in its sage-green leaves. This
grows four feet, and is a joy until blighted
by frost.

Toward the east are the showy red and
white flowers — red tulips and blackberry
lilies, Iberis, Hesperis, columbine, and
scarlet lychnis; single and double Achillea,
well-pinched back, is a mass of blossom all
summer on stout, self-supporting stems;
Monarda didyma and white platycodon and
Veronica, Calliopsis atrosanguinea, Lilium
tigrinum, cardinal and white zinnia, Funkia

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

subcordata, tall white phlox and_ scarlet
Coquelicot and big clumps of cardinal flower.

China asters repay care. We even dig
them up when in bud and wash off the blue
beasts that attack the roots in spite of wood
ashes and tobacco-water applications!

In September an old variety of Pyrethrum
uliginosum blooms, its sturdy branching
bushes between clumps of Salvia splendens
and red monarda.

Small beds — two of yellow and two violet
— around the pool have rows of German iris,
with Japanese iris behind them for July
bloom; one named variety in each bed.
The space left was filled with dark French
marigolds and Calendula, but they are
untidy, and next summer will find Mathiola
there instead.

Beyond, on the West, the pink and white
bed was not so successful, as many of the
pinks did not harmonize. Here are tulips
again, and Hesperis, sweet William and
young plants of Dianthus latifolius, lupine,
Dictamnus (pink and white), Diéianthus
plumarius, single and double; Margaret
carnations, white Spanish iris, white Stokesza
cyanea, phlox, (both white and pink) peach
color Balsam, pink Bergamot and Gypso-
phila.

Opposite, the violet and yellow blossoms
make a more unusual combination. These
are: tulips, Calendula, MHesperis, Vzola
cornuta, Coreopsis, Funkia and _ violet
Stokesia (more robust than the white and
flowers larger), Liatris, sulphur and gold
ainnias, and purple balsam.

Surrounding these beds are grass walks
broadened at the south end to thirteen feet,
and from here rough stone steps lead to the
green above. On each side of the steps is

69

a retaining wall “‘laid up dry,” and, beneath,
narrow beds planted with hollyhocks.

Opposite the red and white bed flourish
white, buff, and various reds, while near the
blue and yellow bed are shell-pink and rose.
As the hollyhocks began to bloom, it occurred
to me to experiment by picking off the seed
vessels, and these plants put out three and
four more sets of blossoms; a few blossomed
late enough to be coated with ice.

Along the garden’s north end lies a bed
twelve feet deep, with a cedar pergola eight
feet wide built out over the central path.
Here are wild laurel and wild rhododendron
and two cultivated varieties, wild Clethra,
and a few late flowering shrubs; anemones,
a few moccasin flowers and rows of Lilium
speciosum, var. rubrum, while vines of native
yellow and coral honeysuckle, Lathyrus, Co-
bea scandens, Virginia creeper, and Clematis
paniculata grow on a high wire netting —
left from the old tennis court — and nastur-
tiums, four colors only (peach, cream, pale
yellow, and deep red) cover the low wire that
fences in the east side.

Border beds, nine feet wide, lie the length
of the garden, a rose arch for Clothilde Soup-
ert on the east side, and an arched gateway
on the west, with Yellow Rambler and
Dorothy Perkins.

Colors are arranged not to clash with neigh-
boring beds, edgings of one kind of plant
keep the borders trim, while clumps of one
variety of plant at stated intervals give
method to their appearance.

Clumps of white Boltonia, seven feet high,
are planted along the east border, and are
cut down after flowering to give scope to
hedges of chrysanthemums of several colors,
which grow in both borders.

This garden was planted for color effects all through the season.

There are four main beds, two on each side of the walk

An ideal spot for exhibition flowers.

A Profitable Hobby in Dahlias—By Mrs. Edward Warren,

Sheltered from winds

The vine-hung porch is one of the little attractions that count

Massa-
chusetts

OVER $200 A YEAR AS A SIDE ISSUE FROM RAISING FOR TUBERS AND FOR CUT FLOWERS IN A NEW
ENGLAND VILLAGE — THE SPIRIT OF ENJOYMENT THAT EXCITES THE REAL FLOWER LOVER

HETHER I have learned what I know
of dahlia-raising from the sins of
omission or those of commission would
puzzle a wiser brain than mine to decide.
Confession may be good for the soul of the
other fellow, but it is only a mortification
for mine, yet all these foolish mistakes and
misfortunes surely may prove a warning
to other would-be growers, so I’ll tell them
as they occurred; for if I left out the few
successes, and told all the failures at once,
it would almost be appalling. I am sure
of this one thing — nothing that could happen
to a would-be gardener along the line of
petty disaster is listed that has not happened
to me. Industrious hens, mischievous cats
and dogs, inquisitive cows, cutworms, tar-
nished beetles and even covetous humans have
all been recorded in the garden-book as
the enemies, natural or unnatural, of dahlia-
raisers. But even four traveling cows,
which put up for the night in my most val-
uable patch of exhibition dahlias, had their
educational value, which is witnessed in
better and higher fences and stronger posts
and gates. Still, out of that trampled and
broken field of flowers I took to the exhi-
bition table blossoms that came off A-1.
Perhaps they might have been called the
product of chance and neglect, in that the
cows weren’t kept out entirely, but in reality
they had meant work a-plenty and bitter
disappointment, too.

My first expenditure for dahlia bulbs
seemed large to me then, in my ignorance
of the variety and value of the dahlia in the
trade world. I ordered three dozen tubers
at our county fair, making my selection from
the flowers exhibited. This, by the way, is
not the method I recommend for my cus-
tomers with my own exhibits, the reason
being that the exhibition dahlia is as dif-
ferent from the flower as it grows naturally
as the stunningly dressed débutante is from
the simple maiden of every-day life in print
dress and apron.

These three dozen tubers were divided
in the fall, before delivery, and in the spring

had suffered so much from this fall cutting
that one third of them succumbed; the re-
mainder, two dozen, I proceeded to crowd
into a bed where some kind of annual had
been grown the previous year. My room,
you see, was small, my ignorance great.
Strangely enough, some of these tubers grew,
and blossomed very well. I remember A. D.
Livoni, Lucy Faucett, and a white pompon
very well. There are many varieties of
dahlias for the amateur grower that will
admit of great abuse and much neglect. I
saw, last summer, ten roots of A. D. Livoni
crowded into a space not more than five
feet square, and with sun only part of the day,
that were really a pleasing sight, at a dis-
tance resembling a big rose bush. How it
was done I don’t know nor do I advise trying
to find out.

My mistake of overcrowding was followed
by others equally disastrous. When these

made possible by the
dahlia profits

70

Another hobby is asters,

roots were taken up in the fall, they looked
plump and strong, so were carefully shaken
free from the naturally clinging soil and
packed away on a hanging shelf in a dry
warm cellar. The result, of course, was very
obvious, and in the spring I was more than
discouraged, but bought five or six dozen
more varieties, and planted them, this time
quite correctly, and with a very pleasing
success, as the season was one of those very
rare ones which are ‘“‘good for dahlias.”
The result of the season’s growth left me,
in the fall, with a stock in trade of some
hundred good clumps, a fair amount of
experience, and, in spite of many failures, a
well-founded belief that, while the dahlia was
hardly ‘‘a gold mine in the front yard,” it
surely looked like a venture with paying
possibilities at the back of the house. Dur-
ing the following winter I fell a victim to the
then prevalent custom of exchanging tubers
with persons at a distance. The names
sounded so fine to my ignorant ears — the
Countesses and Barons, the Princesses and
Dukes, fascinated me. The royal names,
however, were used only to palm off dahlias
of most plebeian origin. It took me more
than two years to cull out and destroy this
addition to my stock, and by the time it was
done I had learned considerable caution
about the statements of others.

The soil here is very rich and heavy, pro-
ducing large, strong clumps of roots, and
while this is one of the great factors in the
production for the bulbs alone, still I have to
use the greatest care, or my plant will keep
on making roots to the great detriment of
the blossoms.

I found early in my experience that the
production of so many tubers was going
to give me too great a surplus for my own
use, and that really seems to be the principal
reason that I began to sell the roots.

One of the things that even now puzzle
my customers is why I have a few dahlias
here, several rows there, and some more
tucked away in any old place. There is
some method in this apparent madness.

SEPTEMBER, 1910

My exhibition flowers must be protected
from high winds, and although some of these
places are not sightly, they are ideal for this
purpose. These same exhibition blooms
need as much babying and care, from the
bud to the perfectly full blown flower, as the
rare orchids of the florist. Flowers and plants,
too, grown in the open are more dwarf. Then
for advertisement, of course there must be
the showy rows, grown where there is the
most travel. Many small things, too, help
to attract trade—a piazza covered with vines,
long rows of many colored asters partly
hidden by the foliage of perennial borders.

I have only sold cut flowers for two years,
as the root seemed to be the objective, and
the flowers were for my friends and the hos-
pitals; but I noticed that there were many to
whom I gave flowers
who had a very de-
cided preference as
to color and arrange-’
ment, and when the
flowers were a gift
felt diffident about
expressing that
choice, whereas if
they were buying the
flowers their taste
was often very un-
like mine. Of course
there are always
those who “want
what they want,”
and I cannot, in the
least, influence some
of my customers in
their choice of varie-
ties when buying
bulbs.

When a customer
asks what are the
best kinds to pur-
chase, I always an-
swer the question by
asking another,
“What do you want
them for?”

The one thing
more than another
that gives satisfac-
tion to a customer is
to have the flower to
be true to name and a prolific bloomer.
Some kinds grow only a few very perfect
flowers, late in the season, others are covered
with medium sized flowers from early till late.
One example of the first is the cactus dahlia
Krimhilde. One customer said to me, “I
don’t care if it had but three flowers in a
season, I would plant it for those three
alone.”” So among most buyers there is more
satisfaction if they know the habits of the
particular kind they are buying. To a be-
ginner there will be disappointments enough
without adding a mistaken choice to the list.

It is hard on me too, to sell carefully
sprouted and labeled roots to a customer
who with a trowel will dig a hole in the
sod for the tuber, then forget all about it
and be ready for me with a complaint that
her flowers are “‘nowhere near like yours.”
So, selling dahlia bulbs and putting in

Dahlias grown for tubers.

Trea GA RD EN

lots of advice, too, seems to work the best
with -me.

In the spring the time occupied in getting
the dahlia tubers ready for delivery, packed
in boxes and labeled, is from four to six
hours a day during the busiest part of the
season. Most of my local trade I deliver
myself, as we are on an electric car line, and
this is one of the pleasanter parts of the work.

But the part of the work that pretty nearly
approaches the definition of laborious is the
planting, which I oversee myself. Placing
the tubers, marking and watching the
covering of them, I find pays, for when one
has handled and cut the root, there will
be no carelessness in breaking off the tender
sprouts.

When the plants are a foot or so high, other

taller stakes are provided, to which the
growing plants are carefully tied, for cultiva-
tion must be carried on as long as possible,
between the rows, so the plants must not
be allowed to fall either way.

Some of my bitterest disappointments in
plant and blossom, come from the weather.
Hot and dry, cool and damp, either extreme
seems to displease the dahlia. But one
thing is as unchangeable as the hills and
rocks of old New England itself; no dahlia
attains even a slight degree of perfection
without cultivation, good fertilizers and
lots of sun. Failures innumerable, suc-
cesses a few, have fixed that fact very securely
in my mind, and for three years my little
income from the sale of bulbs, premiums
by no means a small part, and cut flowers
has never fallen below $175 per year, and
one banner year it reached $225. This, of

MAGAZINE

Shelter is not an important consideration

lord

71

course, is the profit, all expense of cultivation
and fertilizers being subtracted. .The flower-
ing*season of the dahlia is not reached till
the latter part of August, so out of my in-
come from the bulbs I have bought other
summer flowering bulbs — peonies, gladiolus,
and such lilies as I can grow on our heavy
soil. My aster beds have added quite materi-
ally to this scheme of making one part of the
garden furnish stock for the other. A two-
hundred-foot border of hardy perennials, too,
is one of the gratifications of my personal
taste made possible by the selling of dahlia
tubers.

There seems to be little or no expense
connected with just the growing of dahlias,
if the stock is on hand. Tags, for labeling,
cost $1 per thousand. We are near a
paper-box factory,
and often I get boxes
not quite perfect
which answer very
nicely for packing
‘tubers.

The expense of the
roots at first is seem-
ingly a large one.
Bulbs may be bought
at wholesale for from
five to fifteen cents
each, by the hun-
dred. These will be
the good average
dahlias that are in
common demand.
Rare varieties and
new importations
are high, some of
them ridiculously so,
and the price. at
which these kinds
are sold is regu-
lated by two fac-
tors, viz., the virility
of the tuber and its
keeping quality.

If a variety is in-
troduced one year,
with a value of $2
per tuber, and drops
to $0.25 the next
year, it will nearly
always be found that
it is either a poor keeper as a cut flower
or a poor root-producer. Yellow Colosse
is a very marked example of this, and I
could mention dozens of others. Of course,
I have squandered many good dollars on
seemingly wonderful dahlias, but all inves-
tors get left once in a while, and I am still
learning. I raise quite a few seedlings, but as
yet have found no profit in it, though lots
of enjoyment. Packages of seeds are easily
bought for $0.25. One of Mme. Victor
Vassier gave me twenty-four good plants
from twenty-five seeds this spring. Among
them there may be a prize-winner. Any-
way I enjoy the spirit of hoping for a won-
derful production, which is the sensation of
the stock exchange; without doubt flower
lovers do get up as wonderful enthusiasm
as this, and there are no homes ruined nor
great fortunes lost by its gratification.

“I
bo

(Epitor’s Note.—We want to know how suc-
cessful workers do things—n order to put actual
experiences before our thousands of readers in all
parts of the country. Every reader 1s invited to con-
tribute a short note on some interesting experience.
Just state the facts about some ingenious idea that you
have actually worked out yourself or have seen.)

To peel tomatoes without scalding, work
round and round the tomato with a dull
knife, pressing evenly and gently without
piercing the skin. The fruit will peel exactly
as if scalded if its whole surface is gone over
in this way, and its advantage over the
scalding method is obvious, when ice is not
available. — J. D. F.

I have seen two striking combinations of
flowers which, having the right situation,
give great pleasure to the observer. One was
a bed of white peonies and oriental poppies;
the other a bed of white tulips and forget-
me-nots. The effect of the latter was as
dainty and restful as that of the former was
stimulating. — E. R. S.

When sorting tomatoes for canning, for
which only perfect fruit should be used, put
all bruised and overripe ones in a granite
kettle without peeling. Wash thoroughly
and drain. Butter the bottom of the kettle
and let the tomatoes simmer slowly until
cooked down thick. Work through a catsup
strainer, return to fire, salt to taste, and,
while boiling hot, can and seal. They will
keep indefinitely. Soup may be quickly
made by adding a little thickened milk
with a piece of onion and some bay leaves
Lomiayor, —s\e lek

In the spring of 1909 I planted a number
of shrubs, such as Japan barberry, weigela,
lilac, syringa, weeping golden bell, snow
berry, etc. The worst drought in our his-
tory came that summer and killed such hardy
things as native elms, Lombardy poplars,
and California privet. I do not condemn
any of the shrubs for dying, but, neverthe-
less, I feel like giving gold medals to the
syringa and to the weeping golden bell. The
golden bell was planted on the very worst,
hottest, and most exposed situation, and yet
it sent out vigorous shoots three feet long
its first season, and is now bidding fair to
become a tree like a weeping willow. It is
my belief that if the simple, essential things
about growing trees, plants, and flowers were
known by the average person, the nurseries
would sell a thousand trees and shrubs
where they now sell one. — J. T. B., Okla.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

An old-fashioned way of keeping cuttings
moist when they have to travel a consider-
able distance is to place them inside of a
large potato that has been halved lengthwise
and scooped out. — B. G.

Always keep in the drawers of your desk
a package of small manila envelopes of the
size called ‘‘pay.”” Those that open at the
end are best. Use these envelopes for the
seed that you stow away against next spring
or wish to give to a friend. When you go
a-visiting, take a few of the envelopes with
you. They will come in handy if you are
offered seed from a friend’s garden, as is
often the case. Failing an envelope at any
time, put the seed in the middle of a small
square of paper and fold the latter just as
a druggist folds a powder paper. When the
ends are folded over they should be left
long enough for one to go in the other. If
done deftly, such a package will never leak.
= 16, S.A.

Three years ago I bought some valuable
grapevines and employed a man (who
claimed to know as much about planting such
things as Izaak Walton knew about fish) to
set them out. This man took the long roots
and wound them tightly around his hand,
as a woman coils her hair, and then set them
out in this very easy fashion. He gravely
assured me that this was the proper way to
plant them, and, although I was skeptical,
I had already told him I knew nothing about
such matters, so was helpless. By the time the
grapevines died this artistic Ananias was liv-
ing in Texas, but it makes me tingle to think
of how many people will suffer from experi-
ences with such fellows as he. —B. T. J.

For protecting squashes, cucumbers, etc.,
from early frost, drought, squash bugs, and
beetles, we use frames covered with cheese-
cloth. We made them last spring like the
accompanying sketch, put them over the hills
when planted, and kept them on until the
plants had outgrown them. They serve
to retain moisture in the soil (like growing
cauliflowers under cheesecloth), act like a

conservatory in pushing the early vegetables
along, and are a sure protection against

bugs. Last year it enabled us to enjoy
the fruits of the Mountain Sweet water-
melon for the first time in five years’ trial,
an unusual thing in this country, where we
have killing frosts until June rst and any
time after September 1st. — D., Vermont.

SEPTEMBER,IQIO

We used in our garden last sum-
mer a device, not original with
us, but worked out anew, for
protecting newly trans-
planted cabbage and
Brussels sprouts from / SY
sun. Twenty-five of
these “‘cabbage bon-
nets” were cut out
of building paper,
tacked on to the
sticks, and put
in a half hour. ==

On such days as Decoration Day and In-
dependence Day I make bouquets of the
national colors, using white peonies and scar-
let oriental poppies. It is hard to find a blue
flower of corresponding size and color to go
with the peonies and poppies. I have here-
tofore depended on centaurea, but next year
I am going to try larkspur or bedding ver-
bena, using the entire plant in a mass. —
H. B. M. ;

There is one thing I have learned thor-
oughly, that many thousands of people ought
to know. Ibota privet (Ligustrum Ibota)
will stand both heat and cold, and also
drought, much better than California privet
(Ligustrum ovalifolium). 1 planted several
hundred bushes of these two species in
tg09. That summer and fall were the hot-
test and driest we have had for thirty years.
Many of the California privets died, but not
a single Ibota dropped a leaf. It made a
growth of from two and a half to three feet.
Furthermore, zero weather last winter,
which turned the California quite black, left
the Ibota still fresh and green. Ibota privet
is often called Regel’s privet and Amoor
River privet, and is sold under those names,
although I suspect they may be different
varieties. —B. [The names are much con-
fused. Regel’s privet is a lower, more spread-
ing form of Ibota which grows 1o ft. high.
The Amoor privet attains 15 ft—EprTors.]

It is not true that named varieties of peren-
nial phlox “‘run out” or go back to the com-
mon purple. The trouble comes through
the seedlings. The hardy phlox self-sows
very readily; the seedlings are very vigorous
and soon crowd out the named sorts. In
color they usually go back to the type —
the common purple. To prevent this, care-
fully weed out in May and June all young
plants found between the original clumps.
Destroy in August the whole of the root of
every plant that blooms “‘off color.” As soon
as the flowers have fallen in September, cut
and burn the spikes. » Phlox ripens its seed
quickly, and when dry the capsules shoot
the seed with great force for several yards.
Remember also that all pieces of roots left
in the ground, especially from fall-dug plants,
will throw up sprouts which make flowering
plants the next season. Though these bloom
true to the parent plant in color, they make
trouble when the phlox bed is rearranged.
By acting on these suggestions, your cherry
reds and scarlet pinks, etc., may be kept true

» to color. —S. F. H.

HEN the time of actual result comes,
then indeed the garden has mate-
rially paid.

Most of you boys and girls have not gar-
dens large enough to raise vegetables for
winter storage. The dinner-table and an
occasional sale to a neighbor take about
all one can raise from a little garden. But
if any one has raised product enough for
winter, then store such product in some cool,
dark, and dry place. Those who happen to
have vegetable cellars are fortunate.

Our own monthly reminder suggests the
planting of seeds for next year. In such
cases choose some sheltered spot in the gar-
den. Make the soil very, very fine by con-
stantly working it over and over. Sow the
seeds in this mellow bit of land.

Such small seeds as pansy seed need
go hardly beneath the upper soil. Just
dust a little finely sifted earth over the seed
after planting. Such beds may be covered
with sacking and watered through the sack-
ing. This prevents the washing away of
the small seed, which might easily happen
if the bed were watered directly.

Just before frost, cover over such beds as
these with dried leaves or straw. Thus
protected all the winter through, the little
seedlings slowly grow. When uncovered
in the spring a good growth will be found.
Such plants literally shoot up under the
influence of gentle rains and spring sunshine.

Just a word about your exhibits. If you
send products in to us, do pack them with

Children’s exhibit at Marlborough, Massachussets.

THE BEST EXHIBIT OF ALL IS ALWAYS
THE GARDEN ITSELF — EVEN THOUGH
PRODUCTS ARE CONSTANTLY BEING
REMOVED, THE GENERAL EFFECT MAY
BE THAT OF A NEAT AND ORDERLY
GARDEN —IT HAS BEEN TOO GOOD A
FRIEND TO YOU TO NEGLECT NOW

Conducted by
ELLEN EDDY SHAW
New York

care. Poorly packed fruit makes a wretched
showing.

As you exhibit in the grange or school
shows remember to prepare the specimens
carefully; that is, wash the vegetables so
that, free from adhering soil, they show
for all they are worth. Seven good-sized
specimens of potatoes or tomatoes are suf-
ficient. This represents what is termed a
plate. Whenever products are bunched, as
in the case of radishes and onions, use twelve
specimens to the bunch. Remember that the
vegetables should be of uniform size.
Arrange all exhibited matter with great care.

In the case of a floral exhibit, just as great
care should be taken as in the vegetable ex-
hibit. The flowers should be arranged with
an eye to color. Do not put in the same
bouquet all colors of the rainbow. Bunch
the flowers separately. Pick these the night
before the exhibit, and place in water, leav-
ing in a cool place over night. Better not
use too full-blown blooms.

If at the place of exhibition there are no
jars for the specimens, bring plain white
glass ones, if possible. Fruit jars are not
at all bad for this purpose.

Whether the exhibit be vegetables or
flowers the following suggestions are equally
important. Label each specimen with its
name and the name of the exhibitor. If the
latter is not desired, then each specimen
should have on its label the number of the
person exhibiting.

If possible have exhibits indoors. Last

The general plan of arrangement and the labeling is
good, but note the lack of space between the individual exhibits

ion

fall I saw a number of fall flower and vege-
table shows which suffered much in appear-
ance because they were held outdoors. The
vegetables had become quite wilted.

Another point to keep in mind is that of
arrangement. Give plenty of space. Products
huddled together are likely to look inferior.

Plenty of space, arrangement with an eye
to color effect, legible labeling, well cleaned
and selected specimens; all these points
go toward making a good exhibit.

Things to be Attended to

HE reminders are fewer in number this
month, but should be carried out just
as carefully:
(1) Do not leave on plants old dried leaves
or faded flowers. Keep the plants clean.
(2) If dahlias are bending over, tie to
stakes. Have the stakes stand a bit higher
than actually needed. [Hf tied too low, the
condition is not helped at all, but hindered.
(3) Plants that need a little extra nourish-
ment might be watered with liquid manure.
(4) It is just the time to start next year’s
pansy bed.
(5) Sow seeds of hardy annuals, biennials,
and perennials in a rather sheltered spot in
the garden. Cover with leaves before the

time of heavy frost.

(6) As you take pictures of your garden or
of some specially fine product, remember that
a picture should tell a story. Do not have your
own picture taken in the garden or with your
products unless there is a good reason for it.

Foreign children raising products of the Fatherland
make another tie between home and school

ee

The Advantage of a Coldframe

S AROUND and visit neighboring gardens
this month, making notes of their size and
also of the manner in which they are laid out.
Ask the successful gardeners what varieties they
use of certain crops that are particularly fine, and
make a note of it.

Radishes can still be sown out-of-doors on the
ist and the 15th. Spinach should also be sown
twice, and if it does not mature before cold weather
cover it later with hay and it will be a very early
spring crop.

If you have a coldframe keep right on sowing
lettuce and, as it reaches planting size, transplant
to the frame where it can be protected on cool
nights and the crop will last until the holidays.
If you do not have a frame, however, make only
one sowing as near the first of the month as possible.
Some folks sow cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli
now, and then transplant to the frames later on,
carrying the plants over all winter and planting out
in the gardens in spring. ‘There is nothing to be
gained by doing this, for you can get as good plants
by starting a hotbed in the latter part of February.
Spinach and radishes can also be sown in the
frame, and will be ready for use before severe
weather checks growth.

Keep right on hilling celery as suggested in last
month’s GARDEN MaGazINe. It is growing fast
now and must not be neglected under any circum-
stances. If the ground is at all dry don’t hesitate
to water the plants. Good celery cannot be grown
in a hot, dry location.

Keep the cultivator working this month. After
September you can probably dispense with it for
another season. Also sce that all vegetable plants
that are through bearing are cleaned up and placed
on the rubbish heap, because otherwise they decay
and breed insects. All places cleared should be
sown down with winter rye, a process very bene-
ficial to the ground, but which very few people
seem to realize. Sow rye in fall for a good heavy
stand, and plow it under in early spring.

BUILDING THE COLDFRAME

There are, of course, several ways of building
coldframes, but the cheapest and best is a brick or
concrete frame. Do not build a 2x4 ft. frame
and expect to raise a wagon-load of seedlings in it.
If you crowd the plants you ruin them. Estimate
on one sash for every 1,250 square feet of garden
space. A garden 50 x 50 ft. would need two sash,
a garden 100 x 100 ft. would need eight sash, and
so on, though, of course, it is possible to get along
on much less than this. Besides using the frame
for raising early spring vegetables, it can be utilized

Concrete or cement walls are practically indestruc-
tible

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

during summer for the long English greenhouse
cucumbers or some large thick-fleshed melons;
and in fall for radishes, lettuce, etc. You could
raise your own eggplants, peppers, tomatoes, etc.,
you couid have early celery, early cabbage and
cauliflower.

While brick and cement are the best materials to
use I favor cement because it is cheaper. Any
workman can build the forms. There are only
two important points in concrete work of this kind
to remember: Have the form thoroughly braced
so that it cannot move in any way, and have the
mixture wet and well mixed. Pound it after put-
ting it into the form until the water rises to the
surface.

Always lay out the frame so that it faces south
and have it so that the plate that the sash rest on is
6 inches higher in back than in front. Don’t butt
your sash; use proper sashbars. They come up
flush with the sash and are about one inch wide on
top. Have the frame one inch longer for each
sash it contains. The sashbars can be purchased

cheaply and they give a neat finish to a frame.
Place buttons on the sashbar which will prevent
the sash from blowing off and being smashed or
damaged by a windstorm.

Place the frames near enough to the house so
that a pipe can be run out from the boiler. This

A comparison of brick (at the rear) and wood frames.
A single run of pipe helps wonderfully

will turn it into a miniature greenhouse for growing
lettuce, spinach, etc., during the winter, besides an
occasional bunch of flowers. It requires very little
heat to keep such a small space up to the growing
temperature — about 50 degrees. For the vege-
tables mentioned a couple of 2-inch pipes would
do it nicely. Wherever this is possible I would
strongly urge it, as it does away with the necessity
of preparing a hotbed in spring. Another point
is the cheaper construction of a frame of this kind.
If you heat your frame the walls only need go about
six inches below grade level; but if you intend

using it as a hotbed in spring, the wall should go

down as deep as the hotbed, which would be about
two and one-half feet below grade level.

A temporary frame can, of course, be constructed
of boards and would cost very little outside of the
sash that would take to cover it, but spring is the
time for doing that.

Long Island. W. C. McCotriom.

[Eprtor’s Note.— Next month’s article will be
devoted to protection from early frost, cleaning up
for the winter, etc.]

Moth Balls for Beetles

@= of my neighbors is using a method of
driving away the striped cucumber beetle
that is new to me.

He places a few moth balls on the surface of the
ground near the roots of the plants and the odor
does the rest — the beetles leave the plants severely
alone.

Massachusetts. W. H. W.

SEPTEMBER, 1910

Fall Planted Vegetables

| ae one knows that many vegetables self-
sow; in the early spring we find the young
plants coming up Last year I determined to
experiment a little. The first week in September I
sowed a half ounce of large red Wethersfield onion
seed. By the time cold weather came on, they
were the size of lead pencils. During the latter
part of October I planted lettuce, corn salad, land
cress, and parsley in a bed which had been well
manured and spaded. Then I paid no more
attention to my winter garden.

This spring, as soon as the snow was off the
ground, the onions began to grow and we enjoyed
tender young green onions until the sets, which
were put out in April, were ready to use. The rest
of the seeds soon germinated, and the tiny plants
appeared above the ground in March and early
April, and lasted until those sown in April were
ready for use.

We consider leeks a great delicacy. Last fall I
transplanted a quantity, leaving the smaller ones
in the rows. In the spring, as early as the soil
could be worked, I transplanted the rest of the
smaller leeks, which had been left in their original,
rows all winter. March 1oth, I set out thirty feet
of them, putting them four inches apart in the rows.
As they grew I hoed the earth about them, and they
took the place of asparagus when that vegetable
was too expensive in the markets to buy and had
not made its appearance in the garden.

Leeks are prepared for the table by leaving on
a third of the green stalk. Put into salted boiling
water for about half an hour and serve with either
a cream sauce or drawn butter.

Connecticut. JuLiz ADAMS POWELL.

How to Keep Squash

I" IS more difficult to keep the Hubbard and
hard-shelled squash until Christmas than it
is to keep apples or potatoes, yet with care it is
possible to have them until February or even March.
In the first place they should be well matured when
pulled from the vines and the stem must be left
on. Pile them up in the field and leave them for
several days so that the warm sun will harden the
shell. Be very careful when hauling, as the slight-
est bruise or abrasion will cause rot.

Do not store in a cellar, but keep the squashes
where they will be perfectly dry at a high tem-
perature, and pile them up on the floor or on
shelves, being sure that there is not too much weight
on the bottom tier. Leave them so for two weeks
to thoroughly cure.

The prime essentials in keeping squashes are that
they be well matured and perfectly dry when stored,
and that they be handled as carefully as the most
perishable fruit. The loss in weight from evapo-
ration of moisture in two or three months will be
about 15 or 20 per cent. and it should be remem-
bered that as much as possible of this moisture
should evaporate before bringing them indoors.

Missouri. H. F. GRINSTEAD.

Killing the Pocket-Gopher

[* THE West, gardeners are often annoyed by a

little animal called the pocket-gopher. He has
the peculiar habit of throwing up hills of dirt which
do not look well, and by the use of his pockets he
carries away vegetables. The pockets are situated
one on each side of the head, and, when full, hold
one-half pint or more. I lost all but a few of my
potatoes last year on account of the pocket-gophers
because I knew no way of getting rid of them. At
last an idea came to me which, when carried out,
worked very nicely.

The gopher, in throwing up his mound of dirt,
fills the hole several times and then pushes it out.
Place an ordinary mole trap over the hole so as to
have the lever that springs the trap directly over
it. Press the prongs into the ground several times
so as to get them to working easily and then set the
trap. Of course the trap must be set after the
gopher has filled the hole or it would not work.
Neither will it work if placed there after he has
finished the mound.

South Dakota. ERNEST ELLERMAN.

od
by

Harvesting the Crops

: Dye September the main work in the

fruit garden is harvesting. Take care
that the trees are not injured when the fruit is
picked. One grower of plums and cherries told
me he had had his trees badly injured by careless
pickers, and that a stepladder for each tree is a
good investment. There are fruit pickers that are
very useful for the taller trees, and when these are
used, long, heavy ladders that break the small
branches are not needed.

Watch the branches bearing heavy crops, and if
they are bent down with the increasing weight, sup-
port them at once with props. Sometimes a rope
tied around two opposite branches is sufficient.
As fast as the fruit ripens it should be picked, to
relieve the strain on the tree of ripening a very
large crop. ‘The remainder of the crop will mature
sooner and better.

Do not leave windfalls on the ground to decay.
When fairly ripe and not diseased, they can be
used for sauce and either canned or evaporated.
Diseased windfalls and apples infested with apple
maggot should be fed to live-stock; this is the only
way I know of to prevent maggot injury to
apples.

When one sells fruit, the grading and packing
are of greatest importance. One grower told me
he received ten cents more per basket of four
quarts because of attractive grading and packing.
All the small inferior or unripe fruit was culled
out, and the fruit placed in uniform layers.

My first and about my only choice of early fall
apples is the Strawberry. I usually pass by the
Yellow Transparent and Early Bough, and wait
for the Strawberry to ripen. In the late fall follow
the Strawberry with Fameuse and Jersey Sweet, and
perhaps Fall Pippin.

Plums of luscious flavor, like Bavay (Reine
Claude), are the most difficult to grow. Poorer
kinds of the European and Japan sorts are more
easily grown, and are fairly good if left on the trees
until fully ripe. Plums need to be riper than
most fruit when gathered. If they have not been
stung by the curculio, and are sound and cling to
the trees, leave them on until the skin easily peels
off, and often until the plum is quite black. Plums
may be more quickly picked and preserved than are
berries and smaller fruits.

The best peaches to grow are the white-fleshed
varieties, which must be fully ripe before being
picked. The yellow-fleshed peach, grown commer-
cially and picked when not fully ripe so that it will
ship well, is far better than none, but it is lacking
in flavor.

The bulk of the pear crop ripens in September.
The very earliest varieties are small and ripen
when there is an abundance of other fruits. Better
plant Bartlett and Seckel. Pears may be picked
when they begin to show color, and will ripen if
stored in a dark place. But in any event, the fruit
must be picked as soon as it ripens so as to relieve
the strain upon the tree as much as possible.

The easiest grape to grow in a cold climate (and
next to the Niagara, the best green grape grown in
New York State) is the Winchell or Green Mountain.
It begins to ripen the last of August or early in
September and lasts all through the month. It
is smaller and sweeter than the Concord, but not
quite so sweet as the Delaware, though, in my
opinion, better flavored. It can be safely planted
where most other grapes will not ripen. It is
earlier than Moore’s Early (a black grape and the
old standard) and more prolific. The vine is not

so strong a grower as Worden and Concord, but
with good feeding and culture it is sufficiently
vigorous for the family vineyard.

The selection of the location for the vineyard
has more to do with successful grape culture than
anything else. Do not plant grapes on low, level
ground, where the water does not run off quickly
and the soil is a heavy loam or clay, unless it is
the only place you have for them. Select a dry
knoll or slope, with deep light loose soil where the
roots can easily go deep down into the soil, and
where exposure with the maximum sunshine is
insured throughout the day. We have made very
good marmalade by combining grapes with sweet
apples; it requires less sugar than if the grapes
were preserved alone. We also make jelly and grape
juice and do considerable canning, but the one

‘preparation that has proved the most satisfactory
is grape juice boiled down to one-third or one-half ©

its quantity and canned after a little sugar has been
added. A delicious drink is made from this by
simply adding water.

COVER CROPS IN THE ORCHARD

September, in most localities, is the time for
sowing catch or cover crops in the orchard, and
each fruit grower must study his own local con-
ditions. My plan in starting an orchard would
be, after planting the trees, to grow between the
trees for three or four years, such cultivated crops
as corn, potatoes, cabbages, or some crop I could
fertilize and cultivate each year; then afterward,
as the roots of the trees grew out so that only very
shallow cultivation could be practised, I would
harrow the soil and sow a cover crop early in the
fall. The purpose of this is to keep the ground
from freezing and thawing, to prevent a loss of
moisture and gases and to get plant food from the
atmosphere. The plant that can best do this is
clover.

Study the clover family and its requirements.
Probably nearly all fruit growers can grow either

Both newly set strawberry plants (on the extreme
left) and well established ones should be cultivated
until frost

75

red or crimson clover in their orchards if they will
learn how to do it. It must be determined by each
individual grower whether lime, manure, or other
plant food is lacking and whether the soil needs
to be sweetened by cultivation and aération. Gen-
erally it is safe to thoroughly cultivate the young
orchard during the first part of the summer. Apply
some lime, give a light dressing of manure that is
reénforced with phosphate rock (used in the stable
as an absorbent), and then sow clover late in sum-
mer. Red clover should be sown in New York
State the last of August, and crimson clover, if it
will thrive, early in September. If you are in
doubt about clover, sow rye or vetch for a cover
crop. Commercial fertilizers in the orchard should
be used in connection with cover crops.
New York. W. H. JENKINS.

Caring for the New Strawberry
Bed

| Ree strawberry bed that was planted in August

must be well fed until growth ceases, if a
full crop of berries is to be gathered next spring.
Leave the heavy manures for some other season
of the year and use only quick-acting fertilizers
now.

A fertilizer which gives speedy results is com-
posed of three-sixths superphosphates, two-sixths
nitrate of soda, and one-sixth muriate of potash.
You can buy the ingredients from any dealer in
garden supplies and mix them yourself; or the
dealer may sell you a mixture of superphosphates
and muriate of potash to which you may add the
nitrate of soda. (The cost of the ingredients is
usually about three cents a pound in small quan-
tities.)

Use a long, rather shallow box, a mallet, a
coarse sieve and a hoe. Break all lumps with
the mallet, shake through the sieve and mix
all together with the hoe, drawing it back and
forth till the different elements are thoroughly
distributed.

Twenty-four plants will require from one to two
pounds of this fertilizer. Apply to the bed in a
shallow furrow on either side of the row. The
first week inSeptember is the proper time to
fertilize.

Where leguminous plants, such as peas, beans,
or clover, have been previously grown, 4 fertilizer
of one part muriate of potash and one and one-
half parts of ground bone is more practicable.
A similar application should be given in the spring
before the blossoms open.

Cultivate regularly over all the surface of the
ground, running very shallow near the plants.
Every six days is not too often.

Soon after growth is established, the plants will
send out stolons or runners. These delicate stems,
tipped with a tender bud, must be clipped ere they
take root. They are too great a tax upon the
young plants now, sapping their strength and
lessening next year’s crop.

There is no injury to be feared from frosts, but
the freezing and thawing of the ground in winter,
as it raises the plants and breaks the close contact
of their roots with the soil, is injurious,

Mulch the plants about December tst, with
straw, salt hay or leaves, applying it over every
part of the bed to a depth of three and one-half or
four inches. This may remain on the bed until
after the crop is gathered in the spring.

New Jersey. M. RoBERTS CONOVER.

File

A Wail from a Wee Garden

HE articles which one reads on color, suc-
cession, etc., in the “small garden” are,
to quote Mr. Dooley, “inthrestin’, but not con-
clusive, as Dorsey said to the Polack who thought
he could lick ’im.” One article says, “‘My garden
path began in a very small way; it is 218
ft. long, -” and continues, airily, “I always
grow hundreds and hundreds of foxgloves and
Canterbury bells.” Another speaks of a small
garden, stating that one of his bulb beds is 200 ft.
long by six to twelve feet wide, another eighty feet
long by six feet wide, and a tulip bed thirty-four
feet one way by twenty-four feet the other.

My garden, entire, is 56 x 36 ft., with the addition
of a strip two feet wide along the fence (100 feet) for
daffodils. These, in fact, are the only plants I
have ever counted by the hundred.

The irritating thing about “ garden experiences”
and “‘garden books” is the fact that all the writers
talk in terms beyond my grasp: ‘‘Have a mass of
several hundred Emperor daffodils;” “ fifty Liliwm
candidum, combined with a hundred Delphinium
celestinum and one or two hundred of the lower
growing dark blue delphiniums;” ‘allow a drift of
Darwin tulips to come up through a mass of ever-
green Iberis.”’ I can’t afford more than six can-
didum lilies at once, or perhaps a dozen larkspurs
— and I do not want to specialize in my tiny garden.
I want ‘“‘a few of each” — flowers to cut, flowers
to make gay color all summer, flowers for effect and
variety, for a small space, small price, and a one-
woman-power machine.

I buy my plants, at the boldest, by the half-dozen.
Once I bought ten phlox, all at once! Six is a great
number; three is rather extravagant; one, we trust,
“will divide.” I don’t buy, when I can “‘swop.”
I beg, hunt, trade, and steal (from deserted houses
and the wayside). It is lots of fun, but sometimes,
when one’s soul longs for “drifts” and ‘‘masses,”’
it grows a bit monotonous. But my garden is gay.
I do not put magenta next to orange-color, nor
General Chanzy phlox beside bee-balm; but I had
ninety-five different kinds of flowers on my wee
patch last season, and they were lovely. I did not
know the exact colors of some of the flowers when
I sowed the seed. Newport Scarlet larkspur,
which I trustingly put next to Scarlet Lightning,
turned out a wonderful rose pink, but it harmonized
with the scarlet, and—always remembering the
blessed blending power of green —it was really a
successful planting. The whole garden blazed.

I made a lot of mistakes, but chiefly in leaving
too much bare space and too much green. I don’t
think any of the colors swore violently. I exercised
reasonable, decent color sense, or tried to, in
planting, but did not scheme much, and while ‘“‘the
devil whispered behind the leaves, ‘It’s pretty —
but is it Art?’”’ still, fora small, blossomy garden,
boasting no shade at all, and cared for chiefly
by one small woman, it was a beauty and a joy.

If I had one little flower bed, I’d rather grow
gold button, cornflowers, sweet William, oriental
and California poppies, Scarlet Lightning, bee-
balm and mignonette, than use up the same amount
of good ground on a horrible artistic blue succes-
sion (as I have seen suggested), of morning glories,
cornflowers, and ageratum! That's Art, but is it
pretty?

Of course, when one talks in hundreds and plans
in acres, it is a different thing. But for small fry,
who garden in the back yard, and then with limita-
tions, a plague on too much “‘color scheming!”

Long Island. Mary YOuNGS.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Chance Effects of Spraying

Alea excellent table of spray materials in the

June, i910, number of THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE reminds me of certain effects, good
and bad, which this spring’s work has shown in
my garden:

t. A long delphinium border between two fruit
trees bordering the vegetable plot was nearly
ruined with ‘“‘blacks” last year. This spring, in
spraying the trees for San José scale with the
standard lime-sulphur wash, all but the middle of
this bed was well wet with the preparation. This
was about March tro, beiore the delphiniums had
come up. Only the middle of the bed was not
sprinkled. At present, only the middle of the bed
shows ‘‘blacks,”’ and there the disease is so bad that
persistent use of Bordeaux hardly does any good.
The sprayed parts of the bed are free. Is it not
possible that the seeds of this disease live over
winter on the old stalks and on the surface of the
ground P

_ 2. Hellebore tea, brewed with boiling water and
set by till cold, then diluted to make one table-
spoonful of powder to one gallon water, is the most
economical form of this insecticide. It does not
burn foliage.

3. Cowslips, polyanthus, and auriculas are so
built that raindrops drain from the leaf-blades into
the fleshy crown of the plant. For this reason any
arsenical spray or powder is gradually fatal to a
bed of these plants. The mineral works down
and cannot drain or wash away until it has corroded
most of the crown.

4. Lime-sulphur wash put upon flowering
shrubs early in March destroyed the first buds of
German irises in an adjoining bed. The plants
were not hurt, budded two lateral sprouts at once,
and grew normally. But as the first or terminal
sprout of a German iris makes the flower stalk, the
sprayed plants have no flowers this year. A piece
of burlap would have saved the bloom.

5. We cannot use poisoned bran-mash here in
our town garden because of our tame and too con-
fiding songbirds; we would poison more of them
than of the cut-worms. Instead we have tried
putting the cut-worms “‘off the scent.” As they
are night feeders and must rely greatly upon smell
to find their favorite foods, a tremendous, unclassi-
fied, unappetizing odor ought to bewilder the
worm. Common white moth balls are all a bad
smell should be; and they are insoluble in rainy
weather. Common white moth balls do bewilder
the worm, so far. Two or three balls pressed into
the loose soil around a dahlia sprout, a tomato or

7
. =
2
:
ae
9
2
a
=
es

SEPTEMBER, 1910

egg-plant stem, five or six in a hill of lima beans;
a handful scattered in the iris bed — these have
absolutely prevented the usual midnight suppers
of these scoundrels.

Pennsylvania. E. S. JoHNson.

Practical Ideas from England

pee English people are very fond of the gigantic

members of the lily family known as Ere-
murus, and J have never known an American who
was not greatly impressed at the first glimpse of
these noble plants. For they tower up to a height
of eight feet and bear literally hundreds of lily-
like flowers in racemes that are three or four feet
long. ‘The individual flowers may be pink, yellow,
or white and are an inch or two in diameter.

Eremuri appeal so powerfully to the imagination
and emotions that I wonder no one has tried to
set forth the effect they have. Tom Moore could
have done it in Lalla Rookh, if he had only known
of the marvelous apparition these mystical and
aspiring flowers make in Persia and the Himalayas.
Their rate of growth ought to pass into a proverb-
One of the joyous signs of returning spring is the
way asparagus heaves up the earth. But you
should see Eremurus do it! Its gigantic fist forces
its way through the surface in a single night, and the
next morning you may see the earth thrown tumult-
uously aside.

It is fortunate that Eremuri can be kept for many
years, but their culture is very peculiar. The
roots are expensive and must be bought in August
or September. They are very fleshy and brittle
and are arranged in a circle, like a ring of carrots.
Roots of flowering size may cost $2 or $3, but this
is not unreasonable when you consider that it.
takes about six years to raise them from seed. The
roots must be protected in winter from the cold
and rain by a mound of ashes or a water-tight box
filled with dry leaves. Desert plants from Asia
start into growth too early in spring. The game
is to keep them cool and dry until danger of frost
is past. But if you cannot keep them back, be
prepared to cover the buds, which are very tender,
in spite of their gigantic size.

Another weak point about the Eremuri is that
after blooming in spring the leaves dry up and
disappear. Thus they may leave an awkward
gap in the border,and an ignorant laborer is almost
sure to ruin them by hoeing or spading what seems
to be an empty spot. But skilled amateurs and
professional gardeners should be able to devise
several methods of avoiding such troubles. Those
who do not employ skilled labor would better plant
Eremuri in separate beds.

New York. W. M.

A colony of Eremuri in an English garden

SEPTEMBER, 1910

A FEW OF OUR
Bargains in Peonies

Our Guarantee 3 for 1. We will replace with
THREE every ONE that is not true to description

WHITE i Per Doz.

Beaute de Villecante
Dr. Bretonneau

Madame Emile Galle

Marguerite Gerard

Princess Beatrice

Triomphe de |'Exposition de Lille

Souvenir de |’Exposition Universelle....1 yr

RED
Adolphe Rousseau
Felix Crousse
Madame Bucquet
M. Du Ribert
M. Krelage

Six at the dozen rate. Less than six at one-tenth the dozen rate
Send for complete list including Iris at prices equally as attractive

PETERSON NURSERY

Established 1856
WM. A. PETERSON, Proprietor

Lincoln & Peterson Avenues Chicago, Illinois

Regular Edition, at a popular price, of the
Gardening Authority of America

The American
Flower Garden

By NELTJE BLANCHAN

Author of “Bird Neighbors,” “Birds That
Hunt and Are Hunted,”’ etc.

This sumptuous and valuable book, now issued in its per-
manent form, reveals those little subtleties which bring
delight to the home garden. The author has drawn from
a vast knowledge of beautiful foreign and American
gardens, and she points out the great principles of all
good gardening. The present book covers adequately
the needs of the amateur whose garden is either extensive
or the reverse; and every fact among the thousands is
made quickly available by a fourteen-page index. There
are four plates in full color, and eighty plates of suff-
cient size adequately to treat the subjects presented.

WITH PLANTING LISTS BY LEONARD BARRON
Regular Edition, net price, $5.00 (postage 35 cents)

COUNTRY LIFE THE'WOETD'S WoRK (2) ‘ap GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co, NEw York.

The Readers’ Servi ill give y
T H E G A R D iD) N M A G A Z, I N E a ornialion LPOG.

Paper White Narcissus

(Large-flowering)

NE of the most desirable of the bulbous
plants, because of its beautiful and deliciously
sweet scented flowers. Good both for growing
in water or in pots.
Its tall spikes carry
from six to twenty

flowers each.

Paper White Grand-
iflora is an improved
large-flowering form of
the Paper White and
like the Chinese Sacred
Lily it does splendidly
in water.

Selected bulbs 30c. per
dozen; $1.75 per hundred.

Mammoth bulbs, of spe-
cial value for growing in
water, 40c. per dozen; $2.25
per hundred.

Description and cultural instructions in our Autumn
Catalogue. Ready September 1st. Copy free for the asking.

Henry A. Dreer
Philadelphia

714 Chestnut St.

Hyacinths, Darwin and other Tulips,
Narcissus and Crocus, Easter Lilies and
hardy Japan and Native Lilies. English,
German, Spanish and Japan Iris. Free-
sias, Calochortus and Trilliums, and all
other Native and Foreign Bulbs and
Roots in endless variety.

The Largest Assortment in America

CATALOGUE NOW READY
Mailed free for the asking

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

33 Barclay Street Dept. G New York

77

78 : The Readers’ Service gives
information about invesiments

THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1910

can be successfully transplanted in

AUGUST

We have them in great variety; many rare sorts;
all transplanted or root-pruned, so that they will
lift with a ball of earth about the roots which
insures their living. Our Nurseries contain many
large specimen Evergreens as well as thousands
of smaller sizes suitable for transplanting.

Send us your list of wants for prices.

We also have in large assortment

TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES and VINES
for OCTOBER delivery

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS
for SEPTEMBER planting

EVERYTHING FOR THE HOME.
GROUNDS

Our descriptive catalogs are exhausted, but a
new and improved edition will be out in Sep-
tember. Upon request we will mail a copy free.

The Bay State Nurseries

North Abington, Massachusetts

- , . 3 BS

Specimen Colorado Blue Spruce on an estate in Massachusetts from our Nurseries

THE SURVIVAL OF
THE FITTEST

Have F lawers All

Winter

Grow them in this greenhouse. __ It costs only
$250 complete, ready for immediate erection.
Shipped knocked down, glass all in. Any
handy man can put it up. Price includes
benches, radiating pipes, boiler and all. No
extras. Made from best of cypress, iron
braced. No foundations needed, is bolted
to iron posts. Perfectly portable, take it
with you if you move. :

First time a full-fledged, practical green-
house has ever been offered so low. We
make them by the hundreds— Thoroughly
Guaranteed. Ship them everywhere. Get
it before a frost comes. Send for booklet.

Hitchings & Company

1170 Broadway, New York

“O. Ames” shovels have withstood the
test of 134 years, and by virtue of their
superiority are to-day admitted to be
the finest shovels made.

There is quality in every inch of every
“O. Ames” shovel. Finest steel blades,
well seasoned ash handles—all fash-
ioned by especially trained and expe-
rienced workmen.

If you want the best shovel, the fittest of
the fit, demand the “O. Ames’’ make
and refuse all substitutes.

Our booklet “Shovel Facts’’ mailed free,
will tell you why.

OLIVER AMES & SONS
Corporation
Ames Building Boston, Mass.

Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers

For Dark, Shady Places

There is no corner so shady but that certain ferns and plants will thrive
there. There is no soilso light and sandy butthat some of our hardy wild
ferns will beautify it. For 25 years we have been growing these hardy ferns

and flowers and know what is suited to each condition. Wecan supply
fernsfor the dark corner by the porch, or ferns and flowers, including our
native orchids,in quantity, to make beautiful country estates. Wet and
Swampy spots, rocky hillsides, dry woods, each may be made beautiful by
plants especially adapted to them. Nothing adds greater charm to the

home grounds than clumps of thrifty ferns.

We also grow the hardy

flowers which require open sunlight —primroses, campanulas, digitalis,

violets, etc,

Write for my descriptive catalogue. It tells about this class of plants.

EDWARD GILLETT, Box C, Southwick, Mass.

Roses from Cuttings

[oe summer I had wonderful success growing

roses from cuttings. In an old garden book
I had read that rose cuttings should be taken from
woody portions of the present year’s growth, pref-
erably from shoots that have flower buds, and
should be kept in very wet sand in the full sunshine
all day. Some of mine were from the stems of
freshly cut roses (given to me by a friend who had
a fine collection), and others were from shoots
that had no buds, but were about equally woody.
Some I cut in short slips having only one leaf and
notch each, others into longer pieces having two to
four notches each. In each case I cut off all leaves
except one leaflet on each slip, taking care not to
injure the bud at the base of the leaves. The
slips were placed with their lower ends in a dish of
very wet sand, the notches coming well above the
top of the sand. Though I tried to keep the sand
always moist, it dried out a number of times with-
out seeming to injure the slips. “For luck” I put
a little plant food into the water, thinking it might
help to keep the slips alive longer and so give them
more chance to sprout.

I was so situated that it was not possible to keep
the dish in the sun all day, but it stood in an un-
shaded east window where it had the full rays
until about one o’clock. A lot of slips prepared
July 24th, was showing roots on August 13th, but
they were not planted until ten days later. Then
they were set in the open ground and shaded and
kept moist until they began to grow. After that
no attention was paid to them until snow fell, when
they were covered lightly with leaves. All lived
through the winter. Of the various varieties I
tried to root, the Crimson Ramblers were partic-
ularly successful. It would take a couple of years
longer to grow a hedge of Ramblers from slips than
it would to buy the bushes from: a florist, but
Rambler slips are the easiest of alf to grow. By
the way, it is necessary to see that varieties chosen
are not from budded stock. Some of the finest roses
will not grow unless budded, and it is a waste cf
time to fuss with these. The slips that had several
nodes grew better than the short ones, but it did
not seem to make any difference whether or no a
notch came below the top of the sand, as the roots
grew at or near the cut ends.

New York.

What Hurt the Rosebuds?

E HAVE had communications from several

of our readers this year telling us of their

roses — that somany of the buds have been ruined

apparently by a large insect or worm which appears
in the night.

There are several caterpillars which may have
thus eaten the rosebuds, and there are also two or
three species of cutworms known to have this
habit. These insects remain in the ground at the
base of the plants during the day, coming forth and
feeding almost entirely at night. In addition,
there is a green fruit worm and possibly one or
more allied caterpillars which may feed upon rose-
buds after dark, retiring to an inconspicuous
position upon the plant during the day.

The most satisfactory method of controlling
these pests, if there be but a few bushes, is to search
out the depredator as soon as signs of injury are
observed. Examine the bush carefully and then
poke around in the loose soil. The enemy should
be found in one or the other of these locations.

Trouble by these pests can be averted in large

S. H.

SEPTEMBER, 1910

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

EVIDENCE
WORTH READING

From Sparkhill, N. Y¥.: ‘The Peonies came in fine
condition, and I wish to express my thanks to you for
sending me such a fine lot of plants. If buyers knew
the stock you seud out as compared with that sent out
by some of the other Peony growers, you conld not grow
enough stock to fill your orders. Actually your roots are
about as heavy now as some of those I had from
that have been set two years.’”

From Ardmore, Pa.: ‘‘{ am so very well pleased with
the twenty-two Peonies just received from you, that I send
the enclosed order for twenty more that I had intended
placing with The stock from
cannot compare with what you sent me in any way. Your
roots are two to three times larger; had four times as
many eyes, and your packing was done in a very intelligent
manner.’’

From Chambersburg, Pa.: “I have planted a good many
Peony roots, aud some very good ones, but the roots just
received from you are the strongest and finest roots I have
eyerseen. Thanks for your generous dealing.”

From Ottawa, Canada; “All of the Peonies you sent
me last fall bloomed this spring, as did those I got from
you the year before. They were all true to name, which I
consider worth mentioning as this has not been my experience
With those obtained from some other growers,”

TI’rom Carson City, Nevada; ‘‘{t wish to tell you how
well pleased I am with the Peonies you sent me last fall.
They were about as large again as those I had from another
man, while the stalks this spring are much finer than others
a year older.”

From Collinsville, Alabama; ‘‘ The Peonies are very
fine indeed. Most of them look like two-year roots that
other dealers send out. I fully appreciate the quality of your

stock and wish you a much-deserved success.”

From Nashville, Tenn.: ‘I must say that your roots are
the largest I have ever received from ary dealer for year-
old plants. I have some from another party that yours
would make two of them.”

“TI take pleasure in informing
you that the Peonies I bought of you last fall made a won-
derful showing this spring; some of them haying four and
five large blooms.”’

From Buffalo, N. Y.:

From Yarmouthville, Maine; ‘*‘ The Peonies came in fine
condition. I never saw such large roots. They are a
splendid lot of plants.’

From Providence, R. I.; ‘1 have ordered in the past
roots from well-known seedsmen, and the little ‘ measly ’
stock that I received cannot be compared with yours.”

EONY

NOW ADMITTEDLY QUEEN OF
THE WHOLE REALM OF FLORA

No longer need to cry
aloud the merits of this wondrous flower — this regally magnificent bloom, with

The glorious modern Peony has come into its own.

all the delicacy and charm of the fairest rose that ever bloomed in a profes-
You know by now that Fall is the only time to
We do not.
May

sional’s green house.
plant. Most growers will ship in the Spring also — if you insist.
Our annual Fall catalog is ready.
It will explain to you just why you sliould

It’s unique — distinctive — different.
we send you a copy ?

Purchase Your Peonies from TRUE Peony Specialists

In these days practically every one offering Peonies calls himself a "Peony Specialist.'' The
ui " Others who grow "other things"
beside Peonies, suddenly become "Peony specialists! at Peony planting time until prospective Peony

nurseryman in the fall announces Peonies as "one of his specialties.
buyers naturally become prone to the suspicion that perhaps the term "specialist" is only an empty
catch-phrase and doesn’t mean much—in horticulture at least. But we are not intermittent!’ Peony
specialists, if we may so express it.

WE GROW PEONIES
—NOTHING ELSE

With us this one flower is the "whole thing."" It has our undivided time and attention, devotion

and study. We are thus specialists in a sense which possesses a legitimate value and significance.

We ask you to consider these features—

THE BEST SORTS IN EXISTENCE. No perplexing and endless lists of varieties to
AND ONLY THE BEST — "puzzle" over. We have done the sorting and

sifting. To present more than 100 sorts shows
a disability to intelligently eliminate. This number of varieties covers the field, the remainder being

duplicates or of no real value whatever.

WE GUARANTEE EVERY We send you what you pay for—not something more or
ROOT TRUE 510 NAME — less like it under the name.

WE SUPPLY ONLY
ESTABLISHED PLANTS—

We grow for discriminating customers and furnish only
vigorous, high grade and liberally grown stock—"quality"
stock that cannot fail to satisfy the most exacting buyer.

THESE FEATURES WHICH INDICATE OUR FIXED POLICY, SERVE PERHAPS TO SUFFICIENTLY
EXPLAIN THE PHENOMENAL GROWTH OF OUR BUSINESS—THE RAPID INCREASE OF
A DISCRIMINATING CLIENTELE—STRIKINGLY SIGNIFICANT AS EVIDENCE
OF OUR LIBERAL METHODS, AND THAT SPECIALIZING—IN THIS
INSTANCE AT LEAST—IS NOT AN EMPTY CATCH-PHRASE

“OUR REPUTATION HAS BEEN BUILT ON THE QUALITY OF OUR STOCK”
WRITE FOR THE CATALOG TODAY—IT’S WORTH HAVING

MOHICAN PEONY GARDENS

Box 300, SINKING SPRING, PENNSYLVANIA

If you wish to purchase live-stock
SO write the Readers’ Service

eS <—m™ £ ‘From the greatest
eS “#\ stars of grand opera
: | clear through to

“Bones” and *““Tambo”
of the minstrel show—

on the Victor.

In between there’s charming
vaudeville sketches, band and
orchestra music, symphonies, spe-
cial dance music, comic songs, bal-
lads, sacred selections—everything
that the heart may desire.

And all played and sung in the
world’s best way, as the Victor alone

can play them.

The proof is in the hearing. Any Victor dealer
will gladly play any Victor music you want to hear.

And there’s a Victor as low as $10. Others up
to $250. Victor Records, 60 cents to $7. Easy terms
can be arranged with your dealer, if desired.
feo ey. The Victor Record catalog lists more than 3000
Ne o selections—both single- and double-faced records.
Same high quality—only difference is in price. Buy
double-faced if the combination suits you.

And be sure to hear
the Victor- Victrola

Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., U.S. A-

Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors.
To get best results, use only Victor Needles on Victor Records.

INTENSE °*Warm air FURNACE

Real heating economy is realized when you heat your home most
comfortably and healthfully and save fuel. The INTENSE Furnace
is made on a new principle of distributing draft through two rows of
flues directly above the fire so that an even distribution of heat is
insured. A patented check draft permits absolute control of
fire. The INTENSE bums any fuel and gets the most heat out of
it. Made of cast iron and is practically indestructible. Stands only
5r inches high, permitting it to be installed in low cellars, thereby insuring
proper elevation of heating pipes. Has revolving duplex grates, self=clean=
ing flues, hot water attachment for heating and domestic use, and other features
explained fully in literature sent free on request.

THE G. J. EMENY CO., 57 Hubbard St., Fulton, N. Y.

Sw
View shows

Jacket Removed and
Draft Flues cut open.

THE GARDE N MieAGeAZ INE,

SEPTEMBER, 1910

measure by clean culture, supplemented, in the
case of necessity, by the use of poisoned baits.
These latter are simply clover or lettuce leaves
dipped in strong Paris green water or a similar
mixture of arsenate of lead and put in the vicinity
of the plants. This bait is of most value in the
case of cutworm injury, but of less service if green
fruit worms are responsible for the damage, since
the latter do not retire to the soil nightly. The
keeping down of weeds simply makes the sur-
roundings less attractive to the parent moths and
there is less danger, on that account, of infestation.

Garden Gossip

IAN any one tell us where crocuses have been
naturalized for a long time on a splendid
scale, increasing by thousands yearly without care? ~
What a magnificent colored photograph could be
made from sucha scene. At Whitehouse, Scotland,
there is a big patch of crocuses that may possibly
date back to the time of James V._ Rabbits destroy
crocuses in Great Britain unless the ground is
enclosed, and even then mice and moles make
trouble. As field mice are supposed to do
$3,000,000 worth of damage every year in America
it is unlikely that we shall see hillsides covered
with crocuses. But daffodils are practical.

Ever hear of the “petroleum plant?” British
peasants sometimes transpose “Tropzolum™” into
“petroleum.” “Nasturtium” ought to be a good
enough name for common use, but we all like to
imitate our betters.

Our best evergreen tree of columnar habit is
the red cedar, which is invaluable for formal gar-
dens. If you buy any nursery-grown specimens be
sure to specify plants grown from seed —-not from
cuttings. The latter are cheaper, but Sir Herbert
Maxwell says “graduallv they assume the appear
ance of branches stuck in the ground, or they send
up a crowd of sticks instead of one straight
leader.”

Perhaps we were too enthusiastic about our
native red pine (Pinus resinosa) as a substitute for
the Scotch (P. sylvestris). Mr. John Boddy,
formerly city forester of Cleveland, says the wood-
peckers make holes in it, gum oozes out, and then
the trunk becomes rough and warty.

Mr. T. G. Phillips, the landscape gardener of
Detroit, Mich., says that perennial flowers are
unsuitable for shrubbery beds in a public park
because, after blooming, they die down or look
shabby.

A mile of snowdrops! Sir Herbert Maxwell says
he saw acres of snowdrops — snowdrops by the
million —in woods sloping toward the Firth of
Clyde at Ardgowan. One often sees pictures of
snowdrops by the 10,000 in English magazines.
There is no reason why we cannot have that sort
of thing here. Snowdrops multiply for years with-
out care, and they are cheap, only $8 for 1,000
bulbs —less than a cent apiece. Fortunately,
wild animals do not eat the bulbs. No one knows
exactly why, but even rabbits will not touch them.

Myriads of winter aconites! Well, that is “going
some,” too. They are naturalized on this scale
at Stocken Hall, Lincolnshire, blooming in January
and February, golden cups in a setting of English
ivy and evergreen grass. Crocuses will open
only in full sunshine, but Eranthis hyemalis opens
in spite of cold and storm. We have the most
perplexing accounts of it in America. Some nice
old ladies have been able to grow it without care.
On a Tuxedo estate 500 tubers failed to yield a
single bloom. Perhaps this is the secret. Sir
Herbert Maxwell says “they simply rot if they are
set out in close turf. The proper way to naturalize
them is to grow them for a season in rows in rather
a sandy border; in the following spring, when the
bloom is fading, take them up carefully with as
much soil as will stick to them, and plant them
where you would have them grow permanently.”
Fortunately rabbits will not touch them. Have
you a good big patch that is increasing?

The English value our native scarlet "trumpet
honeysuckle so highly that they sometimes grow
it in greenhouses, and the great horticulturist
Nicholson pronounced it the most beautiful of all
honeysuckles. In spite of its name (Lonicera
sempervirens) it is not evergreen in the North,
though it is hardy as far north as Long Island.

The Readers’ Service will give you .
information about motor boats Sl]

SrrreMBER, 1910 MAGAZINE

THE GARDEN

=.

> @ 1S

Cheaper than wooden posts— inde-
structible, ornamental, and need be
in the lawn only when in use, leav-
ing it free for mower. Guaran-

teed to last 25 years; wooden posts
last 6 or 7 years.

No Holes to Dig

The base, or socket, is driven

down level with the lawn and
the post inserted. Adjustable
Ffook allows you to hang clothes
within easy reach and then
raise them to the top of the
post to dry.

' Ask for catalog A.
\\@ MILWAUKEE STEEL *
POST CO.
Milwaukee, Wis.
~ RANSOM-KENDALL CO.

136 Eaton Pl., East Orange, N. J.
Easlern Distributors

You want a flower large and showy without being coarse,
hardy as the oak, easy to grow, and with the delightful
fragrance of the rose? Then

PLANT PEONIES THIS FALL

They thrive better, grow larger and bloom earlier. We
specialize in Peonies. Send for catalog. It describes
them carefully, giving cultural directions, also

IRIS, GERMAN AND JAPANESE

Their requirements are extremely simple and they are a
yearly source of delight.

Wild Bros. Nursery Co. Box 514

Sarcoxie, Mo.

WIZGRS )

Sa Sheep Manure
Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad
Modors. Helps nature hustle. For garden,
‘Jiawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants.
$4.00 SARSEIARIEL, cet cir

ii e elivered to your Freig! jon,

V EY Apply NOW.

ra :/
NaN URE Y ThoPulverized Manure Co.,19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago.

For Big and Quick Profits

Small Capital to Start A Safe Business

J am the largest grower in America. Ten years
experience enables me to give practical instruc-
tion in the business worth many dollars to you.

No matter what your occupation is or where
you are located, here is an opportunity to acquire
a thorough knowledge of this paying business.

Send for Free Book giving particulars and in-
formation, how to start, cost, ete. Address

JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM
5740 N. Western Avenue Chicago, Ill.

I Want You to Know and Love
the Peony as I Know and Love It

The above picture is a true, untouched photo-
graphic reproduction of an end of one of
three sections of Peonies maintained by me
purely for study and public exhibition.

Could you have seen them in June, you .

would easily understand why

Peterson’s Perfect Peonies
Prove Invincible

winning at the big New York and Boston
shows this year, ten first prizes out of eleven
entries. :

If you own a small slice of God’s country
and have no Peonies —Peonies of today —

you are not just to yourself, and you can
little dream of how great a floricultural treat
there is yet in store for you.

And remember, when you plant a flower
that will last as long as you do—and longer
—that the best, only, is good enough for you.
Let the other fellow get the “bargains.”

And remember, too, that planting must be
done in fall.

“Che flower Beautiful’

for 1911 is as superior as are my Peonies. It
tells you the story in full—it’s mailed on
request.

GEORGE H. PETERSON

Rose and Peony Specialist :

Box 50, Fair Lawn, N. J.

OPEN-AIR SCHOOLS

Leonard

P. Ayres,

Ph.D.

a

» 2 Modern
Treatment
for
Deficient
Pupils

eS ES

An Open-Air Class in Chicago

This book is the first adequate treatment of a great movement which will have a far-reaching effect
on our educational methods. While Superintendent of Schools for Porto Rico, Dr. Ayres estab-
lished the first outdoor school in America. He speaks from practical knowledge and his book is
exceptionally valuable for over 50 photographs and statistical charts. Net, $1.20 (postage 12c.).

Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 East Sixteenth Street, New York City

Our friends are invited to visit our Library Salesroom.

Send for our “Guide to Good Books,” mailed free

89 The Readers’ Service will give you
suggestions for the care of live-stock

From the Cottage Gardens Famous Collection

q

We offer a selection of about three
hundred of the choicest varieties in

one, two and three year old roots.

Do not fail to send for our FREE
CATALOGUE which gives au-
thentic descriptions. It also tells you
how to plant and grow this beautiful

flower successfully.

q Shipping season commences Sep-
tember Ist and continues during

the Fall months.

Cottage Gardens Co., Inc.

Queens, Long Island, New York Nurseries

EVERGREENS, ROCK GARDEN PLANTS
HARDY PERENNIALS

FOR FALL PLANTING —————
Send $2 for our collection of 16 different kinds of
little evergreen trees, postpaid. An interesting
study in development, each kind having its pe-
culiar method of growth.

Ralph E. Danforth East Jaffrey

OR Cll

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIDS in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

FAIRFAX ROSES

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free
W. R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

New Hampshire

SWIFT’S ARSENATE OF LEAD
is the most effective insecticide for all kinds of leaf-
eating pests. Send for valuable treatise on methods
of protecting the foliage of trees and plants.

MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO., 59 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.

Trinidad Lake asphalt

is the natural proven waterproofer. It has been used in streets
and roofs for over thirty years.

Genasco
Ready Roofing

is made of Trinidad Lake asphalt.

other roofing because it has resisting life.

vents cracks, breaks, and leaks.
You can’t afford to run risks.

proves it is proof.

The Kant-leak Kleet insures thoroughly water-tight seams without cement. Makes the roof
wind-proof and buckle-proof. Gives it a fine finish. Supplied in rolls of Genasco when ordered.
Insist on the roofing with the hemisphere trade-mark,

It lasts longer than any
And the life pre-

You want the roofing that

Ask your dealer for Genasco. Mineral or smooth surface. c
A written guarantee —if you want it. Write for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book.

THE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.

PHILADELPHIA

San Francisco

Cross-section Genasco Smooth-surface Roofing
Trinidad Lake Asphalt

rer Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt
MEN Cinidad Lake Asphalt

New York Chicago

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1910

Don’t Neglect the Garden Now

ti GET good results with the giant pansy,
sow the seeds during the first half of the
month. Remember that good seed is important
and is expensive; good pansy seed cannot be grown
cheaply and sold at a low figure. I always pre-
fer to sow the seed where the plants are to grow
and thereby avoid the trouble of transplanting and
the subsequent stunting. Order the seed at once
if you have not done so.

The earliest planted peonies will be the first to
flower next spring. It is very important to have
them flower as early as possible in the spring, when
the nights are cool and the soil damp. In the late
spring and summer the plants require shade from
the midday sun.

In the Upper South do not plant hardy lily bulbs
later then this month if it can be avoided.

Set out cabbage and cauliflower plants very early.

Make another sowing of early bunch beans
before the roth of the month.

Potted strawberry plants may now be set out.
Thin out rutabaga turnips when they have four
leaves.

Early in the month sow seed of lettuce for late
fall and winter use. In Florida do not sow until
the last of the month.

Sow seed of turnips any time during the month,
also seed of radishes. To get the largest sized
roots, sow seed now of the mammoth Japan radish
Sa-kura-jima.

Give collards good cultivation and a top dressing
of nitrate of soda early in the month so as to pro-
mote a rapid, tender growth.

Harvest peanuts and pea-vine hay during this
month.

Rye and Essex rape make excellent hog and
cattle pasture during the winter. Sow the seed
any time during the month. Crimson clover
makes an excellent pasture and winter cover crop.
Sow the seed any time now. It will prevent the
land from washing during the winter and will
also supply nitrogen and humus.

Sow seed of onions now so as to have plants for
setting out early next spring. If planted in rich
soil they will make as quick a growth as sets. Red
Wethersfield, Prizetaker and Silver King are good
varieties of large onions for this purpose.

Georgia. THOMAS J. STEED.

Growing Potatoes All the Year

fe ALL parts of the country where frost does not

penetrate the ground more than a few inches,
potatoes may be grown all the year round. In one
garden in our neighborhood there is now a patch
of these tubers making thrifty growth after three
years of continuous bearing.

When this field was planted the soil was made
rich and mellow; it was prepared the same as for
ordinary planting. The seed was planted about
two feet apart each way and covered lightly with
soil. Over this coarse stable manure was spread
to the depth of from four to six inches. In from
seventy to ninety days the first tubers were har-
vested. The litter was forked away from a small
space, and only the tubers that were large enough
were used, the cover being put back again.

New plants develop from the potatoes left in the
ground, and the season of new potatoes may be
thus prolonged. Fresh coverings of litter should —
be put on each year in December.

' Georgia. B.

Supply Water Anywhere
you want it, fresh from deepest well
or distant spring —plenty of water
for the kitchen, the bath, the dairy,
the horses in the barn, around the
yard, washing carriages, watering
gardens, etc.

Why forego these great comforts
and conveniences for the country
home when you can have them at a
small expense by installing a Goulds
Pump? £3 to $300.

Goulds Pumps Give Long
and Satisfactory Service

They are easy working, strong and well pro-
portioned. We make hundreds of different
styles —a pump for every purpose —and our
sixty years’ experience enables us to know just
which pump will most efficiently do a particular
work. Tell us about your pumping problems
and we will tell you just how best to solve
them. Don’t buy a cheap pump and don’t buy
any pump until you’ve

Read Our New Book
“‘Water Supply for the Home”

It should be in the hands of every house-
owner. It is handsomely illustrated and covers
the subject of how best to obtain pure, fresh
water for the house, barn and yard; the pumps
best adapted to the various conditions; the
difference between single and double action
pumps, and many other facts about pumps and
pumping. Write for the book now.

The Goulds Manufacturing Co.

82 West Fall St., Seneca Falls, N. Y.
We Build Pumps for Every Service

Reduce your labor; increase your crops. Geta
Planet Jr Farm or Garden Implement
1910 catalogue free. Write to-day
S.L, ALLEN & CO., Box 1108S, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Readers’ Service 7. dt
penn GAN ER ENG IV AUG AZ TIN Bi ens porous oy cad roe 83

» Yes, You Can Refinish
Any Piece of Furniture

We Will Send the Materials

We want to prove to you, at our expense, how
simple — how easy it is to make an old piece of furniture
like new —what beautiful, lasting results you can get from
Johnson’s Materials.

You will enjoy going through your home—dressing, coloring and pol-
ishing the worn chairs, woodwork, bric-a-brac— giving a needed touch here
and there— brightening everywhere.

We will send a complete wood-finishing outfit, free — enough for an am-
ple test—enough to restore and beautify some worn and discolored, but
valued piece of furniture.

Here is what we send:

A bottle of Johnson’s Electric Solvo to instantly remove the old finish.

A bottle of Johnson’s Wood Dye—choose your shade from list below
—to beautifully color the wood.

A package of Johnson’s Prepared Wax to impart that beautiful hand-
tubbed effect — protect the finish against heel-marks and scratches. It will
not catch or hold dirt or dust.

Johnson’s Wood Dye

is not a mere stain—not simply a surface dressing. It is a real,
deep-seated dye, that goes to the very heart of the wood—and
stays there — fixing a rich and permanent color.

Johnson’s Wood Dye is made in 14 standard shades:

No. 726 Light Oak No. 130 Weathered Oak

No. 123 Dark Oak No. 131 Brown Weathered Oak

No. 725 Mission Oak No. 732 Green Weathered Oak

No. 740 Manilla Oak No. r2z Moss Green

No. zz0 Bog Oak No. 722 Forest Green Se ;

No. 128 Light Mahogany No. 172 Flemish Oak ee i Joma

No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 178 Brown Flemish Oak : ie

Our book, ‘‘The Proper Treatment of Floors, Woodwork
and Furniture,’’ Edition G. M. 9, tells you how in every case,
and will show you how to carry out other decorating ideas you [|
may have in mind.

Rae Please send me
s Free Booklet, Edi-
k tion G. M. 9, sample
e Boele of aeciic Solvo,
© es 7 sample bottle of Johnson’s
Send for the free trial packages today. Let them demon Wood! Dve, Shade Johnsons
strate what Johnson’s Materials will do in your home. Use the ee gr Gl setae OF lames Ee
“" parec ax.

coupon. Fill it out now, while you think of it. Address ee

Ss. C. JOHNSON & SON

Wisconsin

Name

Ze Radresstie Ot Me eee zi
I usually buy my paint at store of

Racine

INA MC. 222) Sees bones Gee see a eee

“The Wood Finishing Authorities ”

Address

Why Not Have

RUNNING WATER

When and Where You Want It

pumped from stream, pond or spring
7 without expense for power, and without
= trouble to you. Water raised to any height
in any quantity. For
; q<===s your country home, j
eet dairy. garden or lawn. Our §

y mes) Foster# Ram

requires no attention or expense to maintain. You can
install it yourself if you wish, or we will putit in and guar §
antee that it will meet with your entire satifaction, for a j
fixed sum, agreed upon inadvance. Saves you time, worry,
and money. Low in cost; high in efficiency. Write us. |

| POWER SPECIALTY CO., 2135 Trinity Bldg., New York}
PES ae TRETES irae SEIS Za Ss

Landscape Gardening

A course for Home-makers and
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig
and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell
University.

Gardeners who understand up-to-
date methods and practice are in
demand for the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape Gar-
dening is indispensable to those
who would have the pleasantest
Pror. Craic homes.

250 page catalogue free. Write to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass.

and Illustrated Book —FREE.

If you wish to systemaltize your business the
84 pel oe Service may be able to offer suggestions THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1910

MLL NM e@qMM@M@§@WMWWWIIU#17

\\

Wy
WYO

S.G.GGQ

SS

TILL zzzzXXXrAA AARP PPPS

Won’t You Establish One Colony
This Month?

At we ask of you this month is to establish
one colony of wild-flowers along the roadside

On Buying Your Greenhouse

First, go to a thoroughly reliable greenhouse | select from it a house that will doubtless be just

concern, in whom you can place entire confidence, | what you want, and we can tell you by return — say fifty plants — which need not cost you any-

and tell them frankly exactly how much money mail exactly what its duplicate will cost you. thing and will give you a lot of pleasure.

you want to spend. Then they will tell you how There are a large number of subjects in the Perhaps two hours’ work this month will be all

much of a house the amount allotted will buy. catalog to choose from, starting from the small- that is necessary. Everybody will be able to enjoy
We know, down to almost a pound of nails, est, up soutone splendid large groups of houses the results next year, and you will enjoy ie anee aE

just what a house of any certain width and | that are always so interesting. : = ‘ Fi

length costs to manufacture and erect. Should And U-Bar greenhouses are different from any all if you plant this colony along your daily walk

or drive where it will have a chance to multiply.

Here are six suggestions. Follow any one you
like, then write us and you will be a member of
the Roadside Gardening Club. THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE will give the news, tell the results, pub-
lish your pictures, and pay for acceptable articles:

rt. Won’t you collect and sow broadcast one
pound of seed of any wild-flower which you can
collect easily now and which would be appropriate
to the roadside between your home and office or
station? For example, ironweed, Joe-Pye-weed,
sweet clover, bayberries, barberries.

you buy your house from us, everything would others—the construction is entirely different —

be made at the factory, ready for immediate | the growing results are better, cost of repairs is

erection when the materials reached your | considerably less. It is the all-around, up-to-

grounds, which is a decided advantage. date house, and that’s the house you want. Send
If you will send for our catalog you can readily | for catalog.

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

PIERSON U-BAR CO.

S 2. Would you rather devote one coldframe to

\ DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 1 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK. Ss raising a colony of sweet rocket or sweet woodruft

Ny SS to make the roadside fragrant? “These perennials
NUTT 0 6 ''"°°?"'e v”r—W wy, w55yY111}})13y709ssy9

will bloom the first year from seed if sown indoors
in March, but the best way is to sow them in August

SS SSS
) SEEDS GROW HOW TO GROW ROSES | when you have plenty of time. Get the white
A splendid rose manual—telling how to #77 q@ A Z. flowered variety of rocket (Hesperis matronalis).
Ifeyonewant al copymofithen|||(pemceaucuscit “crn Soraya aD amon Meg Gorard Lonese It is pure and refreshing, whereas the old magenta
Wist Grove. Pe.

“‘Leading American Seed | Queen of Flowers. Mailed for x0 looks coarse, weedy, and hot in summer. Rocket

Catalog,’’ for 1910, address BURPEE, Philadelphia. cents—send today. Box 24 seed costs only twenty cents an ounce. Woodruff

= (Asperula odorata) costs fifty cents an ounce. Look

for it under miscellaneous, forage and economic

seeds in the big catalogues. Or get an ounce of

forget-me-not seed to beautify that little brook
you pass every day.

3- Jerusalem artichoke is the quickest and
cheapest of the perennial sunflowers to establish.
It is a nuisance in the garden, where it spreads too
fast, but is a joy by the roadside. It grows six to

Andorra Grown Peonies

For
ss bushel from the seedsmen. See if you can’t get
them cheaper in your neighborhood.
August and September Planting 4. The best time to transplant perennials in the
fall is from September 1st to 15th, but can’t you

We catalog a special collection of make a tour of your neighborhood now, and see

ame |buageed gioics seSehes and Fs: what is available? Go especially to new sub-
: eRe) ee divisions and new buildings, where native plants
them with complete descriptions in our are nearly always destroyed. Won’t you trans-

: e plant one colony — fifty plants —this month of
Calendar of Perennials some wild-flower which would otherwise be
destroyed? You will probably have to water
Also a special offering of Choice Pink them only once. Don’t take plants from the woods.

Peonies, three year old plants, good They will not live on a hot, dry, dusty woodside-

Hye : BG f l : How about asters and goldenrod, which will bloom
standard sorts In varieties of our selection this very fall? Cut them back and they may flower

in October, after the ordinary crop is past.

5. Do you want seed collected for you cheaply
by the pound? If you have a favorite wild-flower
that has been exterminated in your locality, you
can have seed of it collected for you in some locality
where it is plentiful. There are several men who

Per Dozen -
Two Dozen -
Fifty - - -

Per Hundred make a specialty of this. Sometimes you pay $5

for a day’s work of an expert, which includes his
traveling expenses, express, etc. But no matter
what you want, the chances are that it is catalogued

AND ORRA N URSERIES and kept in stock by these collectors.

WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. Join the Roadside Gardening Club now. It has

555 ; 5 only one aim —to make every foot of your daily
Reproduced from photo of Andorra’s Peonies Box G Chestnut Hill Phila., Pa. walk or drive delightful the year round without
expense.

New Jersey. Tuomas McApast

ae

SEPTEMBER,

a

ine ae 7!

Re

1910

ie. GAR DEIN

The Readers’ Service gives ~
injormation about insurance §

MAGAZINE

DUTCH BULBS

Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Crocus,
Iris, Lilies, Peonies, etc., for Autumn
planting.

Deerfield

Could They Be

More Foolish?

The best proof that common cream separators are
out-of-date is the fact that they contain 40 to 60 disks
or other contraptions. They need such contraptions
simply because they lack skimming force. Since they
lack skimming force, they are neither modern nor
properly built. In view of these facts, could any
maker or agent of common cream separators be more
foolish or incorrect than to claim that disks or other
contraptions make, or are needed in, a modern
machine ?

Sharples Dairy Tubular
peau Separators

are entirely ae

ferent from a
Ae * others. They
K produce twice

Bowl. 2 the skimming
= force of com-

Made ; mon separators.

right. : Dairy Tubulars

No disks ; <

needed.

neither use nor
need disks or
other contrap-
tions. They
skim faster,
skim twice as
clean, wash

many times easier, and wear
several times longer than com-
$5 4 mon separators.

The World’s Best. World’s biggest separator works,
Branch factories in Canada and Germany. Sales exceed most,
ifnot all, others combined. Probably replace more common

separators than an
one maker of suc
machines sells.

Write for Catalogue

. THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.,
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, Ill. San Francisco, Cal. Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can.

Large Assortment
Unsurpassed Quality
Moderate Prices

From the growers direct to the planter.
Illustrated catalogue upon application.

FRANKEN BROTHERS

Horsford’s
Hardy

Perennials
For Cold Weather

If you have not tried Horsford’s Plants, better
get a few to set with others and watch results.
It pays to have the best if you are looking for the
best flowers. Plants from cold Vermont will win-
ter almost anywhere that white men can. If in-
terested in Hardy Bulbs for Autumn setting,
Home Grown Lilies, Shrubs, Trees or Vines, you
can get them from a Northern climate and feel
sure they won’t kill back the first hard Winter.
My Autumn Supplement,ready middle of August,
offers many inducements to those who have room
to plant liberally. You should ask for it, also
my Spring catalogue, before placing Fall orders.

F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt.

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS
PAINTS & VARNISHES

THe MonEL

omnes Bunearw |e
SHORE

You can ae your aan as attractive as this.
Send for the Sherwin-Williams’ Cottage Bunga-
low Portfolio, which tells how. It is sent free.

Illinois

N accurate and carefully thought-out color

scheme for each room of this model bunga-

low is reproduced in color in this Port-

folio, which will be sent free on request.

There are also several suggestions for painting

the outside of the cottage bungalow, as well as for

planting the grounds. Suggestions for furniture,
hangings and rugs are included.

When you have looked over the decorative
suggestions shown in our Cottage Bungalow
Portfolio, you can do one of two things:

1. Adapt all of these color schemes to your present house,
getting equally good effects.

2. Send to our Decorative Department blue prints, drawings or

descriptions of your house or other buildings and we will work up
special color suggestions for you.

- The purpose of this Portfolio, however, is to
suggest practicable, workable color schemes and
durable, satisfactory materials for carrying them
out. We uo: dns © Portfolio today.

What color should you
paint your house ?
Send at once for our free Portfolio:
“Color Schemes for Exterior House
Painting,” with 12 plates in color and
complete specifications for painting.

You should know, first, what color
to paint your house, and second, what
paint will give you permanent satis-
faction.

The Sherwin-Williams suggestions
for outside painting include, first the
correct color scheme for your house;
second, the particular Sherwin-Will-
iams products to use to obtain the best
result.

Stenciling
is an inexpensive and simple method
of decorating flat walls, curtains, urap-
eries and hangings. Ourstencil @
book, sent free, shows hundreds
of stencil designs at small cost,
and tells you how to use them. Wey

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS
PAINTS & VARNISHES

Address all inquiries to the
Sherwin-Williams Co., Decorative Dept.,
657 Canal Road, N. w., Cleveland, Ohio’

86

Do you intend to build a poultry house?
Write to the Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1910

You Should at Once Investigate

the Remarkable Advantages of the U. S.

Incinerator

Provides for accumulating and disposing of excreta and all forms

of waste and refuse matter conveniently, economically and in a sanitary manner
— positively emitting no odor, neither during accumulation or incineration.

Can be used separately as a single toilet or in batteries
accommodating any number of persons.

Fills a long-felt want in the hospital, sanitarium or any building
or institution housing people — in the mine or lumber camp — indis-

The U. S. Incinerator
Equipped as a Toilet

THE
GREATEST

Money Saver

pensable to the contractor employing men in
excavation or construction work.

Officially Adopted by the U. S.
Government

and ordered for army purposes. Portable,
economical — requires no special attention. In
the hospital nothing can equal it for the crema-
tion of dressings, bandages, infectious parts from
operations, sputum cups, etc.

Solves the toilet problem in country homes,
hotels, railroad stations, summer resorts, factories,
etc.

Write To-day for Complete Information

so that we may place before you further facts
regarding the U.S. Incinerator and how it can best
be applied to your own particular requirements.

United States Incinerator Co., Inc.
Executive Office, 430 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.

OFFICES AT

217 Chamber of Commerce Bldg.
Chicago, Ill.

2120 First Avenue
Birminghan, Ala.

32 Union Square
New York

Hardware dealers
wanted everywhere to
represent us

Write for terms

ad —

Reverse View of Floor Installation
Showing Firing Side and Position

LAWN ANT
DESTROYER

Cheapest to install, least attention, fewest repairs,
highest efficiency and economical and dependable
under every condition of service is the

“American” Centrifugal Pump

There is not a valve or other get-out-of-order feature about
it — just the easiest possible curved flow-lines without a sudden
change of direction in passage through the pump, enabling
water to be raised with less power than with
any other pump in existence. It’s the modern
way in pumping. There’s 41 years’ of manu-
facturing experience behind it. All gold
medals given to centrifugals at the Alaska-
Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle in 1909
were awarded to this pump.

Made in both horizontal and vertical types, in any
size, in any number of stages
and equipped with any power.
Let us tell you of other say-
ing features of this pump.

THE AMERICAN
WELL WORKS

Gen. Office and Works,
AURORA, ILL.
Chicago Office, First National

, Bank Building ,
420 First Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa.

Catalog
No. 117

Guaranteed not to injure grass, plants or shrubbery.
Can be used on lawns, golf grounds and gardens.
If, after using one-half can, it does not destroy the
ants, we will cheerfully refund purchase price, $1.00
percan. ‘Testimonials and detailed information free.

GRAND RAPIDS LAWN ANT DESTROYER CO.

52 KENT STREET GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

PAEONIES

The best in the world.
Prices greatly reduced.

Marguerite Gerard $1.00
Baroness Schroeder $2.00

Strong roots, well grown by one who has given ten

Every choice variety known

Festiva Maxima 35 cents
Felix Crousse 50 cents

Sulphate of Iron for Weeds and
Other Things

| Bas spring I received a circular from a maker
of spraying apparatus recommending the use
of iron sulphate to kill weeds in lawns, walks,
and driveways. It sounded so reasonable and
labor-saving that I tried it. I did not persevere on
the lawn, but I used it with great satisfaction on the
asparagus bed. If it is used before cutting is
stopped, a little care is necessary, because every drop
that touches a tip makes a tiny black mark. This
mars the appearance of the stalk, but does no
real damage. When I stopped cutting, I sprayed the
bed thoroughly with a solution of about a hali-
pound of copperas to a gallon of water. I applied
it on a bright day, and the million or more weeds
just uncurling their third or fourth leaf simply
laid down and died. There have been no more
this season. It is a most delightful way of accom-
plishing a back-breaking task. '

Then I recalled having read that iron sulphate
has been used as a fertilizer. I looked the sub-
ject up in “‘Manures: How to Make and How to
Use Them,” by F. W. Sempers, and found that
it has given good results on peas, beans, cabbage,
potatoes, and other crops. The work was done
in England, but the description of the soil, ‘chiefly
clay and loam derived from the new red sandstone
formation,” sounded a good deal like my ground,
especially the clay part.

The book said to apply the copperas as a top
dressing, at the rate of fifty to one hundred pounds
to the acre, when the plants are well started; to
apply it after a rain, not on dry, parched ground;
and to mix it with five to ten times its weight of soil
or sand to secure a more even distribution. It is
claimed that iron sulphate acts as an antiseptic, des-
troying mildews and fungi and their spores; that it
fixes ammonia and phosphoric acid, presumably
rendering them more available for the growing
crop; and that it increases the food value of the crop
by increasing the carbohydrates and albuminoids.

I decided to try it on my potato patch. Prac-
tically the only fertilizer used on the ground was
chicken manure put on during the winter and early
spring, whenever the dropping boards of the hen
house were cleaned. I usually grow a crop of
buckwheat in the fall, which is turned under more
or less, and allowed to decay where it grows. Some
clover has been turned under, and I try not to plant
potatoes on the same ground two years in succession.

I pulverized the copperas, mixed it with ten times
its weight of fine coal ashes from the hen house floor,
put the mixture through an ordinary gravel screen,
and scattered it between the rows of potatoes when
the plants were eight or ten inches high. The
amount was so insignificant that it was a real act
of faith to believe that it would have any effect
one way or the other.

Almost immediately, the vines showed increased
vigor. Of course, they were cultivated and sprayed
as usual. In spite of the prolonged drought that
caught most of the potatoes in this vicinity —
many fields were not worth digging — we got a
very satisfactory crop; the quality was extra fine,
and the tubers have kept remarkably well.

An interesting accidental application of the
sulphate was made to two peach trees growing in
the part of the garden devoted last year to the
potatoes. One isa Late Crawford, the other a seed-
ling. They have both borne good crops of excel-
lent peaches, but last year the fruit was wonderful.
Most of the Crawfords were from three to three
and a half inches high, many weighed half to three
quarters of a pound, and the color was most beau-
tiful. And as for flavor! They equalled any
peaches on grandfather’s farm in my boyhood days,
which, as everyone knows, is the very top notch
of praise.

New Jersey.

Wire-Cutting Plier
A REALLY necessary tool in the garden is a
pair of wire-cutting pliers that will always
cut. They are purchasable from six inches up to
twelve inches or more in length. I use what is
called the button plier; each size is made to cut
wire up to a certain size only. Each plier has three
cutters which will keep sharp for years.
Pennsylvania. J. L. K.

A. C. BRown.

The Readers’ Service will give i ti
GigtHOW ice AU WD) BNI A Gul Z, UNE, eerie race ee eens Setommation 87

SEPTEMBER, 1910

aie MADE WITH OXIDE of ZINC

aes

WATER

A Perfume for the
Most Refined Taste

A leader amongst leaders.
After being in use for
| Nearly a Century
= is just as popular as ever

BECAUSE:

[" is a Floral Extract of

absolute purity and
enduring fragrance; it re-
freshes and revives as
does no other Perfume;
itis delightful in the Bath
and the finest thing after
Shaving : because it is, in
fact, the most reliable
and satisfactory Toilet
Perfume made :: : ::

=

est My, a
at peree he

Seaside Painters know by experience that nothing but Oxide of Zinc Paints
will give satisfaction. Seashore exposure is only an “accelerated Paint test.”
Paint that wears well here will wear better elsewhere.

A proper percentage of Oxide of Zinc is essential to the life of Paint.

Does your paint contain Oxide of Zinc?

Oxide of Zinc is unalterable even The New Jersey Zinc Co.
me coe weie: 55 Wall Street, New York, N. Y.

ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR IT.
‘ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE!

We do not grind Zinc in oil. A list of manufacturers of Oxide of Zinc Paints mailed free on request.

The Masterpiece of the
Confectioner’s Art

Fi Gates of all designs and for all purposes.

Three Magazines
f Correspondence solicited: Catalogs furnished.

For Every Home

COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA
beautiful, practical, entertaining. $4.00
a year.

THE WORLD’S WORK

interpreting to-day’s history. $3.00 a year.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE-FARMING
telling how to make things grow. $1.50a
year.

Fj} and Spiral Netting (Chain Link) Fences for Estate
} Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Furni-
ture—Stable Fittings.

| F. E. CARPENTER CO.,

253 Broadway ff
New York City

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th Street, New York

Save Lumber and Labor

vo can almost double the life of every piece of lumber on your place—every post,
When you were engaged plank, sill or silo —saving dollars in material for every cent of cost, by using

Why not now?

Copyright 1909 BUYLER’S

Conservo Wood Preservative

It penetrates the wood and prevents wet or dry rot, or injury by insects. Used inside
of stables, sheds, tie-ups or coops, it will preserve the wood, kill foul smells, drive out insects
and make the premises sound and wholesome. Send for circular giving full information and
testimony of users.

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Mfg. Chemists, 1 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass.

me ae

Every Photographer, the novice, amateur, professional,

MONEY MADE GROWING VIOLETS

Easily grown outdoors in cheap cold frames and gardens or in the house in
pots ani boxes. Guod demand; costs little to start. A sensible_ business
for both menand women. Write for our free illustrated booklet and learn
how. Our plants are fine new stock. We help you tosuccess. Start now.

Elite Conservatories, Dept. A, Hyde Park, Mass.

Avoid Flies and Typhoid by Using

Za

Underground Garbage Receiver

140 Fifth Avenue ~

No smell, no flies, accessible, clean, permanent, and
out of sight, as it should be.
Also Underground Refuse Receivers, Under-
ground Earth Closets, _ "
and Portable Metal
Houses.

Send for Circulars

SOLD DIRECT
C. H. STEPHENSON

40 Farrar Street
LYNN MASS.

can save 30 per cent. on something indispensable. YOU
WILL HAVE TO HAVE IT SOONER OR
LATER. This valuable tip will be given by us to get
you acquainted with the best photographic magazine.
Your name and address will bring to you sample copy
and the full information.

PHOTOGRAPHY

1239 Beacon Bldg., Boston, Mass.

If you are planning to build, the Readers’
88 Service can often give helpful suggestions

2S see mint : ihe . ;
See SS ge a RS

' One Telephone,

Dumb;

Five Million, Eloquent.

If there were only one telephone
in the world it would be exhibited
in a glass case as a curiosity.

Even in its simplest form tele-
phone talk requires a second instru-
ment with connecting wires and
other accessories.

For real, useful telephone service,
there must be a_ comprehensive
system of lines, exchanges, switch-
boards and auxiliary equipment,
with an army of attendants always
on duty.

Connected with such a system a
telephone instrument ceases to be a
curiosity, but becomes part of the

great mechanism of universal com-
munication.

To meet the manifold needs of
telephone users the Bell System has
been built, and today enables twenty-
five million people to talk with one
another, from fivemillion telephones.

Such service cannot be rendered
by any system which does not cover
with its exchanges and connecting
lines the whole country.

The Bell System meets the needs
of the whole public for a telephone
service that is united, direct and
universal.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

Make the Farm Pay

Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture,
Hortienlinre, Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, For-
estry, Poultry Cultnve, and Veterinary Science under
Prof. lgrooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof.
Craig of Cornell University and other eminent
teachers. Over one hundred Home Study
Courses under able professors in leading colleges.

250 page catalog free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. A., Springfield, Mass.

BAX¥Z Tey
| a

ISHE

all setting - ti

~ the nursery line.

me is here.
Peach, Apple Trees, Berry Bushes, Roses, California Privet —anything in
Millions of plants and trees ready.
contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart. It’s free.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS,

Choice Evergreens **°'"rer*"**

Ornamental Planting
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS
Write for large tliustrated catalog.
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist
Box 106, DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

Di rite bie “ 4 ZA, SALE =
Order now our hardy, thrifty, Pear,
Handsome catalogue
Send now for it.

Box T MOORESTOWN. N. J.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1910

A Beautiful Spirea

I SAW one hardy shrub in England so beautiful

that hundreds of my readers would be eager
to plant it, if pen and camera could only do justice to
it. For it seems to me that the spirea type of
floral beauty reaches its climax in this species.
Draw a long breath and I will tell you its name —
Schizonotus discolor, var. ariefolia.

“Hasn’t it any ze

No. I invented an English name for it, but no
one has ever used it and I suppose no one ever will.
I published two pictures of this shrub in THE
GARDEN MaGa4zIneE for July, 1908, and proposed
the name white beam-leaved spirea, to distinguish
this species from the ash-leaved spireas, since my
plant has leaves like that well known European
tree, the beam.

I rather shrink from enthusing about any new
or rare plant, because I make myself no end of
trouble. For example people ask me where
they can buy that plant. Then I have to take an
hour off, and hunt through stacks of catalogues

The white beam-leaved spirea is loaded with

plumy white flowers during July. It is hardy as
far north as Boston if heavily mulched

till I find one that lists it. A week later I get
indignant letters saying that So and So does not
have that plant. Alas, cataloguing a plant and
having it are such different things!

But I must grit my teeth and tell the truth about
this lovely bush, even if I get a pack of letters and
have to say to each person, “‘ Well, if that particular
firm that advertises it hasn’t it, ’m afraid you'll
have to send to England for it.”

Now, then, this beam-leaved spirea blooms in
July, and, as you can see by the picture, it is loaded
with plumy white flowers. These gracefully
drooping clusters are sometimes ten inches long.
The bush averages five feet in height, but will grow
ten feet high in cultivation, and in the wild it attains
twenty feet. It is native to the Pacific coast all the
way from Guatemala to Oregon. Whether the
form in cultivation is the hardiest, and whether it
comes from the northern limit of its range, deponent
saith not. But he must warn his readers that
Pacific Coast species are not hardy in the East, as
arule. This bush, however, is known to be hardy
as far north as Boston, provided the ground is
heavily mulched. Moreover, it must have extra
good drainage and full sunshine.

Don’t hunt in your catalogues for Schizonotus.
I doubt if any American nurseryman is up-to-date
enough to know the name and have the plant, too.
But ask for Spirea ariefolia. They may know
that and have it, too.

New York. W. M.

SEPTEMBER, 1910

NOW SOLD BY SUBSCRIPTION

THE. -GAR DE

N MAGAZINE 89

Books Every Reader of The
Garden Magazine Should Own

The
arden Library

Complete in Nine Volumes

HIS library marks a new era in garden literature, as it is the first series of low-

priced, practical and beautifully illustrated handbooks on home gardening that

has ever appeared in America. These volumes, written by competent author-
ities on the subjects, are full of good, helpful advice and instruction for all who
grow plants and flowers, and for those who take an interest in the maintenance
and improvement of the country home grounds.

The nine volumes in “The Garden Library” are uniformly bound in service-
able green cloth, decorated; size, 5x75; profusely illustrated throughout, including

many

“how to’ pictures, planting tables, plans for gardens, etc.

As a ready

reference work on matters pertaining to the country home and grounds “The
Garden Library should occupy a‘place on your bookshelf. A brief description
and synopsis of contents of each book is herewith given.

e e .
Daffodils—Narcissusand Howto Grow Them
J By A. M. KIRBY
All that is really worth while about these most popular of spring bulbs
written from the standpoint of American conditions.

I. Old-time and Modern Daffodils and Narcissus. II. Daffodils in the Garden Border. III.
Flowering Daffodils.in Winter. IV. Water Culture in the House. V. The Commercial Produc-
tion of Cut Flowers. VI. Naturalizing in the Grass. VII. Miniature Daffodils for the Rock Gar-
den. VIII. The One Insect and One Disease. IX. Straightening Daftodil Nomenclature and
Classification. X. The Large Trumpet Daffodils. XI. The Lesser Trumpet, Hoop-Petticoat and
Cyclamen-flowered Daffodils. XII. The Medium-Crown Hybrids. XIII. The Pheasant’s Eye
and Poet’s Hybrid Narcissus. XIV. The Sweet-scented Jonquils and Campernelles. XV. The
Tender Cluster-flowered Narcissus. XVI. Ihe Hardy Cluster-flowered Narcissus. XVII.
Double Daffodils and Narcissus of all Groups, XVIII. Some Autumn Flowering Species. XIX.
Hybridizing and Raising from Seed.

House Plants and How to Grow Them
By P. T. BARNES

A manual of the best foliage and flowering plants for home cultivation; their
raising from seed and propagation in the window garden.

I. How Other People Have Succeeded. II. Making the Soil Foundation. III. Potting and Re-
potting. IV. Raising Plants from Seed. V. Propagation by Cutting, etc. WI. In Sickness and
in Health. VII. Bulbs from Thanksgiving to Easter. VIII. The Winter Window Garden. IX.
Flowering Plants. House Conditions. X. Roses, Carnations and Chrysanthemums. XI. Cac-
tuses and Other Succulents. XII. NineIron Clad Palms. XIII. Foliage Plants other than Palms.
XIV. Reliable Ferns for the Dwelling Rooms. XV. Window Gardening Tools and Accessories.
XVI. Forcing with Ether. XVII. A Window Gardener's Calendar.

The Flower Garden

By IDA D. BENNETT

“<A clear and concise summary of every possible sort of information that
might be desired by anyone interested in gardens.”’ Scientific American.

I. The Location and Arrangement of the Garden. II. Soils. III. Fertilizers, IV. The Hot-
bed, Coldframe and Sand-box. V. Purchasing of Seeds. VI. Starting Seeds in Flats. VII. Trans-
planting and Repotting. VIII. House Plants from Seeds. IX. Outside Window Boxes. X.
Various Annuals from Seed. XI. Vines. XII. Ornamental Foliage Plants from Seed. XIII.
Bulbous and Tuberous-rooted Plants. XIV. Aquatics. KV. The Care of the Summer Rose-bed.
XVI. The Hardy Lily-bed. XVII. The Care of Cannas, Caladiums, Dahlias, and Other Bulbs
During Winter. XVIII. Hardy Shrubs and Plants for Fall Planting. XIX. Winter Protection.
XX. The Care of House Plants in Winter. XXI. Common and English Names of Flowers.
XXII. Blooming Season of Various Trees, Shrubs and Plants. XXIII. A Chapter of Odds and
Ends. XXIV. A Chapter of Don'ts.

The Vegetable Garden

By IDA D. BENNETT
This book deals fully with the various vegetables that form the staple of the
small garden and contains excellent chapters on fertilizers, insecticides and gar-
den tools, all thoroughly up to date and full of the most practical information.

I. The Sanitary and Economic Value of the Kitehen Garden. II. The Location of the Garden.
III. Planning the Garden. IV. How to Maintain Fertility. V. The Construction and Care of
Hotbeds, Coldframes, and Pits. VI. On the Sowing of Seed. WII. Transplanting. VIII. Tools
Which Make Gardening Easy. IX. On the Growing of Various Vegetables. X. Root Vegetables.
XI. Vine Vegetables and Fruits. XII. Greens and Salad Vegetables. XIII. Perennial Vegetables.
XIV. Storing Vegetables in Winter. XV. The Garden's Enemies. XVI. Fall Work in the Garden.

The Orchard and Fruit Garden

By E. P. POWELL
Deals with the choice planting and cultivation of fruit, fruit bearing trees ana
bushes. ‘This thoroughly practical volume embodies all the latest developments,
and sums up all available information on the selection of fruits.’’ New York

World.

Part First — THE ORCHARD. I. The Apple. II. The Apple Varieties. III. The Apple —
Handling and Marketing. IV. The Pear. V. The Plum. VI. The Cherry. VII. The Quince.
VIII. The Peach. IX. The Apricot. X. The Grape. XI. Citrus Fruits. XII. Figs, Dates and
Ol ves. XIII. Pineapple, Banana and other Tropical Fruits. XIV. Undeveloped Fruits. XV,
Nuts and Nut Trees.

Part Second— THE FRUIT GARDEN, I. The Fruit Garden. II, The Currant. III. The
Strawberry. IV. The Raspberry. V. The Blackberry. VI. The Gooseberry. WII. The Cran-
berry. VIII. Neglected Berries.

Part Third — CULTURAL DIRECTIONS. I. Windbreaks, Drainage, Irrigation. II. Pruning,
Mulching, Fertilizing, Cover Crops. III. Spraying. IV. Bees, Birds, Fowls, Animals—in the
Orchard and Fruit Garden. V. Harvesting and Marketing. V1. Plant Breeding.

Roses and How to Grow Them
By MANY EXPERTS
The only recent book on this most popular of flowers, which deals directly with
American practice both outdoors and under glass in all sections of the country.

I. When, Where and How to Plant. II. The Routine of Werk. III. Pruning. IV. Insects,
Diseases, and Spraying. V. The Rosarian’s Calendar. VI. Roses for Cut Flowers Under Glass.
VII. Types and races. VIII. Roses for Special Purposes. 1X. Roses of American Origin.

Ferns and How to Grow Them
By G. A. WOOLSON
The contribution of a nature student who has successfully solved the problem
of growing the native ferns of onr Eastern woods. With table of synonymy.

I. The Life of a Fern. II. Where Hardy Ferns Can Be Grown. III. Ferns in the Mixed
Border. IV. Rockwork for Ferns. V. Hardy Ferns for Indoor Culture, and How to Select
Them. VI. Ferns in the Living Room During Winter. VII.’Fern Rockeries Indoors. VIII.
Fern Culture Under Bell Glasses and in the Wardian Case. IX. Exotic Ferns without a Green-
house. X. Aerial Fern Culture. XI. Ferns for Special Purposes.

Lawns and How to Make Them

By LEONARD BARRON
The only volume that treats of the making and maintenance of the ornamen-
tal lawn from a purely practical standpoint. For the first time the whole truth
about lawn seed mixtures is popularly explained.

I. Renovating the Old Lawn. II. How to Make a Lawn Once for All. III. Economical
Grading. IV. Which Is Better: Turf or Seed? V. The Fine Art of Mowing, Rolling and
Watering. VI. Howto Feeda Lawn. VII. Solving the Weed Problem, Insects, etc. VIII.

The Truth About “Lawn Mixtures."" IX. Seed Mixtures for Special Purposes. X. Lawns for
Subtropical Regions. XI. The Best Lawn Tools and Their Use. XII. How to Make Lawn

Rictures: XIII. The Peculiar Requirements of Putting Greens. XIV. Guide to the Best Laws
Tasses.

Water-Lilies and How to Grow Them

‘ By H. S. CONARD and HENRI HUS |
A practical garden knowledge of the best water-lilies and other
aquatics by America’s great authority on the family; with cultural de-
tails and the making of ponds and small gardens.

I. Where Water Gardens Can Be Made. II. Economical Pond Construction. III.
Soils and Planting Out. IV. Wintering and Propagating. V. Seed Saving and
Starting. VI. Raising New Varieties. VII. The Hardy Water-lilies. VIII.
The Tender Day Blooming Water-lilies. IX. The Night Blooming Water-lilies.

X. Growing the Giant Victorias. XI. Lotuses, Water Hyacinths and Other

Choice Aquatics. XII. Water Gardens Under Glass. XIII. Enemies and
Send Only 50 Cents with Order
The Garden Li-
extra charge, one year’s subscrip-
scriber we shall be glad
Magazine to a

Friends. XIV. Pond Surroundings, Windbreaks and Accessory Plants. D oubleday,
S e cl al To all who send us an
Pp
brary we will
tion to The Garden Magazine.
to extend the subscrip_
friend.

Page &
Company

{33 E. 16th St. New York

GENTLEMEN: Enclosed

find 50 cents for which send
me The Garden Library in nine
volumes and enter the name of

for one year’s subscription to The
Garden Magazine. If the books are
satisfactory I agree to. pay $1.00 a month
for nine months, and if the books are not
satisfactory I will return them and you will
refund my first payment.

XV. Water-lilies for Special Purposes.
immediate order for
add, without
If you are already a sub-
tion or send the

|

I} you are planning to build, the Readers’
90 Service can often give helpjul suggestions

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1910

Use Brenlin in ecru with rich tan walls and ceiling, and the effect
will be immediately noticeable. Brenlin doesn’t bag or wrinkle,
it hangs straight and smooth.

Your Windows
How to shade them and why

Choosing shades can be either a great nuisance
or a great satisfaction. Window shades of
Brenlin increase the beauty of your windows,
really shade and wear wonderfully. __

Brenlin is made entirely without “filling.”
This difference in material makes the differ-
ence in wear, makes Brenlin actually the

cheapest shade material you can put up.

It doesn’t develop wrinkles, doesn’t bag or fade. When other
opaque shades are cracked and unsightly, Brenlin looks like new.

—_— ary |

—eseah

Shad-s matching the exterior of the house are now considered very
good. Youcan g‘tthis effect with Brenlin Duplex, one color one
side, another on the other. For example, white to match the white
exterior, and inside use different colors to blend with the different
rooms. Used in tnis way, Brenlin Duplex makes two sets of shades
unnecessary, does entirely aw ay with their annoyance and expense.

The three grades of window shades

Brenlin—made entirely without “filling”, six foot shade com-
plete with brackets, pull and mounted on best roller, goc.

Camargo—the best standard made high grade opaque shade on
the market.

Myama—most serviceable medium priced shade made.

All are made in the Brenlin factories, each is marked with its name
perforated in the side edge. You can’t see it unless you look for it,
but be sure it is there and you will know you are getting the most
serviceable shade you can get for the price you wish to pay.

Write for our book of samples

With it, we send the names of our dealers in your city.
have none, we shall supply you direct. Write today.

Cuas. W. BRENEMAN & Co.,
2073-2083 READING RoAD Cincinnati, OnT0.

If we

Look for the marking’ BRENLIN

BRENL

Window Shades:

Write for
book of
samples

A New Lawn Pest

ie brilliant green and black bees some

three-eighths of an inch long, were found bur-
rowing in a lawn. ‘They are solitary digger bees
known as Agapostemum viridula. Recent studies
by Dr. John B. Smith, of New Jersey, of an allied
form known as Augochlora humeralis show that
this latter bee may live as long as eleven months,
spending only about ten days of that time above
ground, and devoting itself mostly to excavating
and provisioning a rather elaborate series of gal-
leries running some eighteen to twenty-eight inches
below the surface.

It is probable that the Agapostemum has similar
habits, but aside from the slight injury and annoy-
ance caused by its abundance in a lawn, it is not
an injurious species. It can probably be destroyed
readily without injury to the lawn, by making a
series of holes throughout the infested area, some
seven to ten inches deep and fifteen inches apart,
with a crowbar or similar implement, and puttin
in each a tablespoonful of carbon bisulphide. The
cheap fuma carbon bisulphide would answer every
purpose.

This work should be done preferably in the early
evening at the time when most of the insects are
likely to be in the burrows, and the holes should
be immediately stopped after the carbon bisulphide
is put in, with soil, a light plug of grass, or some-
thing which will not drop to the bottom. The
treatment can be made more effective by covering
the infested area with one or more wet blankets
for several hours, or, if possible, allow them to
remain over night. ‘The fumes of the carbon bisul-
phide should permeate the soil and destroy practically
all of the insects, though a second treatment might
be advisable a few to ten days later in case the
bees, in spite of this treatment, continue to be some-
what abundant.

New York. JB, 12, I iaiva,

Seeding the Lawn

|e THE greater part of the country where lawns

are maintained (that is, throughout the entire
temperate zone) there are two periods of the year
when new lawns may be successfully seeded —
in the spring, of course, and in early fall,
during September and the early part of October.

There really can be given no definite best date
for sowing. In the Northern states Septembe. and
November are generally preferred, because the risk
of sudden drying out by excessively hot weather,
after the seeds germinate, is avoided. In the
Southern States November sees the greatest amount
of seeding.

The point in spring seeding, which is done
between February and May, is to get it done as
soon as possible after the ground is in workable
condition. Lawns have been successfully sown
during June and even in July, but in the majority
of cases failure would surely result and on the
whole I prefer fall.

If it is inconvenient to sow the lawn in the fall,
have the ground thoroughly prepared then and seed
at any time during the winter. If the seed is scat-
tered over the surface of the snow, it will be washed
into the earth, and by subsequent thawings will be
brought into such intimate contact with the soil
that its early germination and perfect stand is
assured. On very wet soils seeding in the summer
time is advisable.

For summer seeding, add to the regular lawn
mixture one quart of oats to every three hundred
of seed. This grass germinates very quickly and

Ellwanger &
Barry’s

Peonies
Phloxes
Irises

Are Unsurpassed in Variety and Quality

The Best Results are to be Obtained
by Planting in September

Illustrated booklet with descriptions and
planting directions FREE upon request.

MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES

Rochester, New York

CREAM SEPARATORS
First — Best — Cheapest

The original and for 32 years the
leaders in the Dairy World

’ Nearly 1,200,000 now in daily use

The Most Perfect Centrifugal Separator Known

Send for a Catalogue

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.
Chicago New York San Francisco
Montreal Winnipeg Seattle

HARDY PHLOX

Over 250 varieties, many of which are far the
best of the standards. No other firm in the world
can show so many. Also Delphiniums, Iris, Hibis-
cus, etc. Write today for free list.

W. F. Schmeiske, 163 Robinson St., Binghamton, N. Y.

184 1910

; Old Colony Nurseries

HARDY SHRUBS, TREES, VINES
EVERGREENS AND PERENNIALS

A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants grown in sandy loam.
Good plants best size for planting very cheap. Priced catalogue
free on application.

T. R. WATSON

Grows.
Ginseng

Plymouth, Mass.

The great money making plant has been steadily rising in

price for 60 years. Always a market, demand unlimited.
Small plot more profitable than a large farm. Start your bed

this fall.
r SEND FOR FREE BOOK

to tell all about the business—seed, plants, growing, market-
ing, how to get the high prices. See the possibilities ofa
small plot of ground. We furnish the genuine American
variety seed at low price. Write for Ginseng Booklet W.

NEWTOWN PRODUCING CO., Newtown, Bucks Co., Pa.

SEPTEMBER, 1910

ANY house-

A owners put off
EDS badly needed painting

oD
A.

15) last spring because of
the rainy weather in
AprilandMay. Ifyou

have done so, paint this fall. It

was wise not to paint in the
wet weather but don’t put it
off longer.

Fall is an excellent painting
season.

The atmosphere is clear and
bright and free from moisture.
Insects are not prevalent.
Surfaces are dry—zin short,
every condition favorable to
good painting is found in
the fall.

When you paint, specify

“Dutch Boy Painter’

White Lead

and have the painter mix it
fresh with pure linseed oil at
the time of painting. Then
the vighf paint is assured —
paint which penetrates the
surface and dries with a tough,
elastic, durable film.

We have prepared our ‘Dutch
Boy Paint Adviser No. 95°’ for
property owners who want authori-
tative help on painting. Free toal!
who write for it.

National Lead Company

An office in each of the following cities:

New York Boston Buffalo Cincinnati
Chicago Cleveland St. Louis
@ohn T. Lewis & Bros. Co,, Philadelphia)
(National Lead & Oil Company, Pittsburgh)

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

al

“a

The Readers’ Service will aid you
in planning your vacation trap

Three-Sash Junior Frame. The Seniors are shown in the Two P’s Booklet. Send for the Booklet

Cold Frames Will Extend Your
Garden Up to Thanksgiving

LOWERS or vegetables, it matters not
which, can be transplanted from your garden
to the frames and protected from the frost;
or by planting seeds directly in the frames now,
you can grow an assortment of flowers that later
on can be transplanted to pots so when November
comes you will have fine plants all ready to
bloom when brought in your living room.
Another thing you can do with frames is to
set them right over the plants as they are now
growing in your garden, and, when frost threatens,
simply put on the sash. If the plants are the
tall kinds, you can make the frames deep enough
by nailing together a rough, temporary frame
of I0 or 12 inches wide
boards, and then set our
frames and sash on top.
Asters, Sweet Sultan, Core-
opsis and such can in this
way be kept blooming for a
full month after a killing
frost. There is a lot of
satisfaction in saving your
garden in these ways, espe-
cially as it can be done with
so little trouble and expendi-
ture.
Take one of our three-sash
Junior Frames for instance;

Order some of these Melon Frames also. You
will find them handy things to set over plants
anywhere on your grounds: fall or spring.

' they cost only $11.00 complete, sash and all, and

they are so well made that they will last for
years to come.

The sash are 34 inches wide by 38% inches
long, which is just a convenient size to be easily
handled even by the ‘gentler sex.”’ In truth,
these Juniors were made more especially for
their use.

As we told you in a grandfatherly way last
month; buy your frames now and, besides
ge.ting immediate use out of them, you will have
them ail ready for next spring. If it should
be as late as this year’s was, the six weeks
Start they will give your garden would be very
much to the point.

Yes, and there is another
thing we almost forgot—an
important one too—if you
are a chicken enthusiast, plant
a six-sash “Senior” frame
with Swiss Chard, and it will
give you “green stuff” for
too chickens through the
winter. It means more eggs.

Send at once for our Two
P’s booklet, which gives you
abundant information. Any-
thing it doesn’t tell, we
gladly will.

Lord and Burnham Co. "YN%o™

New York Boston

St. James Building

16 vigorous, bushy little ever-

Tremont Building

Philadelphia
Heed Building

Chicago
The Rookery

| DO .x°2; TO BE A BETTER SHOT?

91

Evergreen green trees, postpaid for $2.00.

e RALPH E. DANFORTH
Collection FAIStCL AUER.) No EH.

TniAwe SO LITTLE FUNGUS

that I cannot afford to mark my fruit with Bordeaux,” says Mr. Geo. T. Powell, of Ghent, N.. Y., a grower of fancy apples. ‘‘I have less
scale and finer foliage than ever before.” REAS ON: Five years’ consecutive use of

“SCALECIDE”™

cheaper, more effective and easier to apply than Lime-Sulphur. Send for Booklet, ““The WHYS and WHEREFORES of FALL

SPRAYING,” PRICES : IN BARRELS AND HALF BARRELS, 50c. PER GALLON; 10 GALLON
® CANS, $6.00; 5 GALLON CANS, $3.25; 1 GALLON CANS, $1.00

If you want cheap oils, our ‘“CARBOLEINE’’ at 30c. per gallon is the equal of anything else.
| B. G. PRATT CO., Mfg. Chemists, 50 CHURCH STREET, NEW YORK CITY

Write us ard we will give you some good pointers. We will
also send information about Guns and Rifles.
J. Stevens Arms & Tool (o., Dept. 283, Chicopee Falls, Mass,

Hicks
Big Trees

Don’t wait for si Il trees to grow up— buy them grown up.
Hicks has hundreds of them in his Nursery. You take no
risk, they are guaranteed to live. Send for new catalog, it
is an unique one in every way. It shows how Hicks moves
big trees and various results secured by plinting them

Isaac Hicks & Son, W°t8”: jana

I} you wish information about dogs
92 apply to the Readers’ Service

Try This “RICHMOND”
Suds-Maker Free

You simply turn the faucet and The RicumMonp Suds-Maker delivers
thick, hot suds. It does not in any way interfere with the hot water
faucet and can be easily attached toit. It gives you instead, two faucets—
one for clean, hot water—the other for thick, hot suds.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1910

satisfactorily endures the hot weather. It will act
as a “‘nurse” to the other grasses, which will be
thus encouraged to make a growth. Oats will
not interfere with the lawn grasses, and they are
killed entirely by the cutting of the mower, which
prevents their seeding. So marked, indeed, is the
nursing effect of oats that they are a valuable addi-
tion at any time when sowing a lawn mixture on
banks or terraces. Their quick root development
assists greatly in holding the soil until the permanent
grasses come into possession. ‘This is a practical

method of obviating the necessity of turfing on
terraces.
New York.

Think of the dozens of ways
this ingenious device will
cut down the work in the
kitchen ! Learn what it
means to save hundreds of
steps every day—to always
have thick creamy soap suds
on tap. The““Richmond”’Suds
Maker gives youany quantity
of soapand water thoroughly
mixed in scientific propor-
tion—it is always ready to
meet your instant needs. It
puts an end to the drudgery
ofdishwashing—simply place
dishes, silver, glassware
under its creamy suds for an
instant, then just rinse and
wipe. It putsan instant auto-

' matic end to waste, to un-
sightly soap dishes, to the
Nuisance of using up the
odds andends of soap. Use
any kind of soap.

Mn 185

Just send your name and address together with

: the name and address of your local plumber and
we will forward by express prepaid one 7Ricumonp: Suds-Maker. Use it ten days—then if you
think you can spare it, return it at our expense. This is your chance to learn about the
greatest convenience, money and time saver you can install in your kitchen. Write today.

THe MSCruM-HOWELL Co. 284 Terminal Building New York, N. Y.

Experiences With Fall Planting
in the Middle West

HE success of fall planting of deciduous or
evergreen trees, depends on the condition
of the soil; excessive drought during August will
make fall planting a doubtful operation unless
the expense is not considered as a factor in the
work. This additional expense of fall planting
during dry fall weather is for watering, both before
and after planting. ‘The soil around the trees to
be transplanted must be made moist and mellow
for a period of at least ten days before the trees can
} | be moved and for a like period after they are
Paint 1 | transplanted.

Our record for fall planting in a very dry season
shows cost of transplanting 24 to 3-in. elms (cost of
trees not included) as follows: Digging hole (hard
clay), thirty-five cents; hauling away subsoil, forty-
five cents; hauling top-soil, seventy-five cents; plant-
ing the tree, ten cents; watering by cart and team
(hauling 3,600 feet distance) ten times, $1.04; which
is a total of $2.69. Watering in the nursery, before
moving the tree, was done with a’ hose at a propor-
tional cost per tree of twenty-two cents additional.
Evergreens (4 to 6 ft. high spruce), under the same
condition, cost $4.36 per tree to transplant. ‘This
planting was successful, as only two evergreens and
one elm failed out of a total of 400 elms and sixty-
five evergreens.

If this work had been done in spring the cost of
transplanting would have been $1.26 per tree
cheaper; but if weather conditions are favorable,
there should be no difference in the results of fall
and spring planting. The only reason we do most
of our planting in spring is that we usually have no
available funds in the fall of the year, as the
appropriation is then exhausted by other work
done during the season. But I want to recom-
mend transplanting of trees and shrubs both in fall
and spring, and also urge the preparation of the
soil, no matter what season the work is done in.

Fully as many trees fail from being planted in
too wet a soil from excessive rains, as from neglect
of watering after planting. Nevertheless, let us
plant a tree wherever there is room for one and keep ~
our eyes open, and Nature will assist each effort if

Paint spoils the natural surface —
costs twice as much.

Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stains

preserve and waterproof the wood. They are made of
Prnest English ground colors, mixed in linseed and spe-
cial preserving oiis, wh.ch doubie the life of the shingles.
H Write for stained miniature shingles, Examine them
# carefully. Match them against the natural setting of
your house, until the right color combination is found.
With them we shall send booklet, which tells about our
stains, and shows letters from owners and architects.

| Dexter Brothers Co..110 Broad St. Boston, 1133 B’dw’y,N.Y.
Makers of PETRIFAX CEMENT COATING

AGENTS: H. M Hooker Co., Chicago.; John D.
S. Potts, 281 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H. McDon-
ald, Grand Rapids; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle,
Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.; M.
D. Francis, Atlanta, Ga.; Carolina Portland Cement
Co., Birmingham and Montgomery, Ala.; Jackson-
ville, Fla., Charleston, S.C., New Orleans, La.; F. S.
Combs, Halifax, N.S., AND DEALERS.

Stain

Stain brings out
the grain, gives
a soft, velvety
appearance.

Paint hides the
grain, spoils the
natural surface
Wm. NORTHRUP DUDLEY of the wood.

ARCHITECT, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS

HAVE YOU ADDED THESE TWO VOLUMES

TO YOUR KIPLING LIBRARY?

A Song of the English

For this splendid expression of national enthusiasm
Mr. W. Heath Robinson has prepared a magnificent
series of illustrations. There are thirty full pages in
color, ten full pages in black and white, and pen dec-
orations on every page. Net, $7.50 (postage 30c.)

Actions and Reactions

A new volume of stories on many themes, with all
the old fascination about them. Contents: “An Habi-
tation Enforced,” ‘With the Night Mail,” “A Deal in
Cotton,” “The Mother Hive,” ‘‘Little Foxes,” “The
Puzzler,” “Garm— A Hostage,’ and “The House
Surgeon.” Illustrated, $1.50. Also in Leather Pocket
Edition, Net, $1.50 (postage 8c.)

Other Books by RUDYARD KIPLING:

Pocket Edition of volumes marked ** bound in flexible red leather, each net, $1.50 (postage 8c.)
**Puck of Pook’s Hill. Illustrated **The Day’s Work. $1.50. **The Light that Failed. $1.50.
incolor. $1.50. *kStalky & Co. $1.50. **Soldier Stories. $1.50.

They. Special Holiday Edition. **Plain Tales fromthe Hills. $1.50. eK . \
Illustrated in color. Fixed price, *#ife’s Handicap; Being Stories of The Navlenhe a Micleore Bal
$1.50 (postage 10c.) Mine Own People. $1.50. ID

**Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50.

**The Five Nations. Fixed price,
$1.40 (postage | Ic.)

** Just So Stories. Fixed price, $1.20
(postage 15c.)

The Just So Song Book. Fixed

price, $1.20 (postage 8c.)
Collected Verse of Rudyard Kip-
ling. Net, $1.80 (postage 14c.)
**Kim., $1.50.

**T he Kipling Birthday Book.

**Under the Deodars, The Phan-
tom ’Rickshaw and Wee Willie
Winkie. $1.50.

The BrushwoodBoy. Fixed price,
$1.50 (postage 8c.)

With the Night Mail. Fixed price,
$1.00 (postage 10c.

Kipling Stories and Poems Every
Child Should Know. Edited by
Mary E. Burt and W.T. Chapin.
Net, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

**D epartmental Ditties and Ballads
and Barrack-room Ballads.
$1.50.

**Soldiers Three, The Story of the
Gadsbys, and In Black and
White. 50.

*kMany Inventions. $1.50.

*kFrom Sea to Sea. Fixed price,
$1.60 (postage 14c.)

**The Seven Seas.
$1.40 (postage 14c.)

** Abaft the Funnel. $1.50.

Fixed price,

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East Sixteenth Street, NEW YORK

Ou

t ““ Guide to Good Books”

sent free upon request

proper care is given them.
FRED NUSSBAUMER,

_ St. Paul, Minn. Supt. of Parks.

The Butterfly Weed

I SAW a rare and charming sight in August —
several hundred plants of the butterfly weed
(Asclepias tuberosa) in full bloom at South Orange,
N. J. There were at least five good varieties in
the clump. They were yellow, orange, scarlet-
orange, scarlet, and cardinal. The cultural prob-
lem, however, is a hard nut to crack. — W. M.

SEPTEMBER, 1910

Grow
Chestnuts
Like This
For Profit

Whether you have one acre, or a hun-
dred, you can get bigger profits per acre
from Sober Paragon Chestnuts than from any
other crop you could plant.

Hardy, rapid, symmetrical growth; luxuri-
ant foliage; spreading boughs; clean trunk;
stateliness ; immunity from parasitic blight—

These qualities have been combined and devel-
oped by science to a degree that ciosely borders
perfection, in the new

SOBER PARAGON

Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut

A single crop, Fall of 1909, brought $33,000
(5,500 bushels @ $6.00 a bushel). And that or-
chard was only 8 years old.

The only large sweet chestnutin the world.

Bears the second year—a 5-year old tree grew
500 burrs in 1 year. The nuts average 1 to 2
inches in diameter—and 3 to 5 nuts in a burr.

a United States Pomologist, G. B. Brackett, says

‘The Sober Paragon comes the nearest in quality
to the native chestnut of any of the cultivated
varieties that I have examined. It is of large
size, fine appearance and excellent flavor.”

Covers a 50c. piece

Testimony: {rom growers, commission mer-
chants, Forrestry Experts, etc., given in our free
booklet, together with prices and particulars.

Gr Weown exclusive control
(Z \\ = of the Sober Para-
DOBar gon. This copy-

B \PARAGON/ | righted metal seal
Nee is attached to every genu-

ine tree when shipped.

Write today for the booklet.

OTHER NUT TREES,
Fruit and Ornamental Trees,
Roses, Shrubs, etc.,

fully described with prices in our new,

handsomely illustrated General Cat-

alogue. No matter what you may re-

quire for Fall or Spring planting (nut,

fruit, ornamental trees or decorative

plants), write for this free catalogue.
GLEN! BROS. Glenwood Nursery,

44th year. “Desk B,” ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Sole Agents Sober Paragon Chestnut.

at all seasons

A he Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar

40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your
* dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of

ae Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN
the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising»
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn.

Dutch Bulbs and Roots

Of All Varieties

Gon C. G. van Tubergen, Jr.
Haarlem, Holland

Orders for importation only. Catalog free.
C.C. ABEL &CO., Sole Agents, 112 Broad St., New York

should be planted
in the Fall. Failure
to plant now means
regret next spring.

The quality of Vick’s Bulbs is known wherever bulbs
are planted. They give results.

( j *
= ar

Hyacinths,named . . 12c each, $1.20 per dozen
Hyacinths, mixed - Tceach, 75c “ S
Tulips (single)mixed . 25c per doz., $1.25 per 100
1.25 iia oe

Tulips (double)mixed. 25c ‘“ ““
Lots of 100 by express, charges not prepaid.

Vick’s Garden and Floral Guide gives descrip-
tions and prices of over 200 kinds of bulbs.
It is interesting to lovers of flowers, and it
is FREE — ask for it.

James Vick’s Sons
362 Main St. Rochester, N. Y.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

a

The Readers’ Service will gladly jurnish
injormation about foreign travel

AE

EWAN E

SYSTEM OF,

WWE. TER,

How The Kewanee
Differs from Others

If you want a water supply
system for your country home, or
for any building or institution,
learn what the Kewanee System
means to you.

No matter how little you may
know about water supply equip-
ment, you can have just as good

Kewanee Systems are designed
by men who know how—experienced
practical engineers who have solved
thousands of water supply problems.
Avoid plants designed by inexperi-
enced people who want to experi-
ment on you.

Kewanee Systems are made by
us. They are not the assembled pro-
duct of a half dozen different manu-
facturers. We furnish the complete
system and we are responsible for
all—every part of it.

There is a Kewanee System for
every kind of building or institution.
We do not try to make one or two
styles fit all places. Every problem
is solved separately—every plant

1212 Marquette Building, Chicago, Ill.

An illustrated book, which tells
what potash is and how it should

FRE be used, sent free to all applicants.

German Kali Works, Continental Building, Baltimore, Md.

Hammond’s

What the Kewanee
System Means to the
Inexperienced Man

Our 64-page illustrated catalog tells the Kewanee story.
we have done for others and what we can do for you.

THE TRADE MARK ON THE TANK

“I 24

In order to protect yourself from the substitution
of inferior equipment for the Kewanee System,
look for the trade-mark KEWANEE on the tank and
the name KEWANEE on the pumping machinery.

A Kewanee System consists of a Kewanee Tank
and a Kewanee Pumping Unit, installed according to
the prints and instructions furnished by the Kewanee
Water Supply Co.

The combination of a tank with a pump to work
on a similar principle is not a Kewanee System.

This information is for your protection.

a plant as if you were an expert and experienced hydraulic engineer.

guaranteed to work successfully
under the conditions for which it is
recommended.

Kewanee tanks—the high stan-
dard for quality in. pneumatic tanks.
Kewanee Pumping Machinery—the
only complete line of pumping ma-
chinery built for the exacting require-
ments of air pressure service. Inferior
tanks and pumping outfits are made
to sell, but they must necessarily
provide inferior service and be more
costly in the long run.

Kewanee Systems are easy to in-
stall and easy to operate. All the
expert part of the work is done at
our end—not yours. Kewanee
Systems are inexperience-proof.

Let us show you what
Ask for catalog No. 16

Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, III.

1564 Hudson-Terminal Building, 50 Church Street, New York City.

305 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburg, Pa.

Stop buving new garden hose every year, and get “* Hamilton
Made” Hose. It is made by the OLD, SLOW PROCESS, and
stands a long life of hard use. If you can’t get ““Hamilton-Made”

Hose from your dealer, write us for prices.

HAMILTON RUBBER MFG. CO., Trenton, N. J.

Sold by Seedsmen and Merchants

“Hammond's Cattle Comfort”

Trade Mark

Keeps Cows, Horses or Mules free from Fillies,
Gnats and other pests. It is cheap and effective. For
pamphlet on “Bugs and Blights” write to

HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y.

‘*Cattle Comfort’’

If a problem grows in your garden write to
94 the Readers’ Service for assistance

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1910

Is Your Milk Really Clean
or Merely Clean Looking ?

Strained milk all looks alike, it may be crowded

with germs, or positively sanitary.

out the coarse dirt, but if the dirt and milk once become
mixed, the milk ts tainted and cannot possibly be cleaned

by straining.
The Sterilac Pail assures

coming into contact.

cost device for producing pure milk.

really clean milk,
because it keeps the milk and the dirt from ever
It is the only effective, /ow-

Straining takes

Note the strainer cloth on
which the milk strikes.

Note the dirt-shelf which
catches the dirt falling from
the udder. The projecting top
shields the strainer cloth from
falling dirt.

It is easy to use, because the
opening is of ample width.

‘It does not spatter.

Further-

more, it is better made and will last longer than any pail that you ever

owned. Try it at our risk.

Here is our offer:

We will send a pail, prepaid delivery.

You try it for 10 days. If you are not

satisfied, send it back at our expense. If you like it, send us $2.50. Write us that you accept our offer,

and we will ship the pail.

STERILAC COMPANY

Specify a seamless pail if you prefer it, at an increase in price of 50 cents.

2 Merchants Row, Boston, Mass.

Modern sanitary Milk Apparatus of all kinds.

el gi B Shredded or
= m ags Pulverized
Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No
bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag(100 Ibs.). Write

— | for circulars. THE PULYERIZED MANURE CO.
A 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

PENNSYLVANIA
Quality LA\NN MOWERS)

THE ONLY MAKE WITH CRUCIBLE TOOL-STEEL
j BLADES THROUGHOUT

Water Your Flowers Oncein 2 Weeks

That's all that is necessary if you use the time-saving,
labor-saving, all metal, rust-proof and leak-proof

Illinois Self-Watering Flower Box

You will have better, hardier, longer-lived plants. Our box is for in-
door or outdoor use. It is inexpensive and so/d on” 30 days’ FREE
trial. Descriptive booklet FREE.

ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING CO.
33 Dearborn Street Chicago, Ill.
117 Winston St., os Angeles, Cal.

Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., Dist. for N. Y., N. J. and Pa.

Once grown,
always grown.

Maule’s Seeds

Send postal for 1910 catalogue. Witt1am HENRY
Mauvte, 1721 Filbert Street, Philadelphia.

Write f or O

Choicest Hardy Plants, all
Bulbs, Shrubs, Trees, ,
etc., grown by enthu- 4
siasts who care more
for quality than price.
ie. Write to-day. It is free

i

WHEELOCK “RUST PROOF” FENCE CO.

ur Fall Catalogue-

WHEELOCK FENCE will last your lifetime!

It’s strong — 5/32" wire — unclimbable—and heavily galvanized after
weaving—no chance for rust— guaranteed RUST PROOF for all time.

We also make Wheelock Trellis, Flower Bed Guard and Tree Guard

Send for booklet

Slater Building
Worcester, Mass.

-Free

If you want your surrounaings charming and attrace
tive next year, do your planting this fall. Let our
landscape department help you—no matter how
small or large your grounds. It is at our patrons’ '
service. Free.
WAGNER PARK CONSERVATORIES
Box 487, SIDNEY, OHLO

Florists — Nurserymen— Landscape Gardeners

Transplanting the Lobelia

PABHONG the midsummer flowering plants for

the perennial garden or border, there is
nothing more decorative or satisfactory than the
native cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis).

Bearing glowing scarlet spikes of bloom from
ten to twelve inches in length, that hardly may be
excelled in brilliancy or richness of color, this plant
produces a most conspicuous display during late
July and throughout the entire month of August.

The lobelia is a lover of moist, shady locations;
it will, however, not only thrive gloriously in a dry,
sunny location in the border, but the flower spikes
produced on cultivated plants are larger and more
generous in number than those that are borne in
the wild.

Some four years ago, during August, I trans-
planted three or four plants from a boggy spot in
the woods to my garden. The plants were in full
flower at the time and, although I had really little

A clump of cardinal flower roots before being
divided 4

hope of success, to my surprise the plants adapted
themselves at once to their new surroundings and
bloomed until the middle of September. The
following spring the plants not only appeared in
their old places among the perennials, but in greatly
increased numbers and they have multiplied from
year to year. ,
' The lobelia, strictly speaking, is a biennial, but,
like the hollyhock, perpetuates itself from year to
year by new growth formed at the side of the old
stalk, and by self-sown seed. My strongest plants
are those matured from these sprouts that appear
as tufted heads near the parent stalk. Every spring
these tufted heads are pulled apart and planted
anew, each forming a thrifty plant that by mid-
summer sends up stalks three feet high. I find
divided plants flower more generously than those
that are left undisturbed.

The flowering season may be prolonged several
weeks if the plant is not allowed to seed. If the

The same clump after dividing. A few plants will
easily make quite a colony

flower stem is cut immediately after blossoming,
innumerable side shoots will spring into bloom.

To tone down the glowing brilliancy of the
lobelia, white flowers should be used in generous
quantities. For this purpose I use, to great ad-
vantage, varieties of white perennial phlox, the
giant daisy (Chrysanthemum uliginosum), the
annual candytuft and nicotiana.

Lobelia seed germinates about a week after
planting, and the plants are unusually thrifty and
hardy. Nurserymen, all over the country, how-
ever, keep it in stock, and a colony may be easily
made from two or three plants.

Illinois. ADELINE T. THOMSON.

fl

SEPTEMBER 1910

NORDMANN’S

SILVER FIR

A majestic evergreen of symmetrical form,
massive folinge, glossy dark green above,
slightly glaucous underneath. We have a
limited number of this rare tree—handsome specimens
from 2 to 6 ft. in height, very broad. Also many other
choice evergreens. List on request.

ELLWANGER & BARRY
Mount Hope Nurseries

Rochester, N. Y.

THE WIZARD LAWN PRODUCER
Something new- Revolutionizes lawn-ma..ing everywhere.
Choicest grass seed scientifically mixed with dried and
finely pulverized cattle manure from stock yards. Needs
only possible climate and moisture. Sow any time exe_rt
in Winter. Used exclusively in many large parks.
Goes further, more efficient, costsless than nll other methods. Send
$1.00 for 6 lh. box. Prepaid anywhere. Send for Free Booklet: “How
to Grow a Lawn.”

DORMANT SOD CO. Dept. 9, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

INR ODUGING
GOOD FURNITURE
TO A CONTINENT.

AN ANNOUNCEMENT
WORTH $17.50 OR MORE
TOT EVE RY PERSO N
WHO

AGT S) UO NG A.

This is the day of big things, done quickly.
Men no longer wait on the slow process of
time. This advertisement speaks to other
millions while you are reading it.

Ten years ago a man who imported much
fine foreign furniture for his fellow Americans
decided to make American furniture the
standard of the world.

.of grain and texture.

For injormation regarding railroad and steam- C
ship lines, write to the Readers’ Service 95

The beds are shown in our own retail store
in Chicago, and by all of the stores throughout
the country where Cowan furniture is sold. If
you do not know the nearest Cowan agency,
the name will be furnished upon request, or
you may order the beds by mail direct from
the Cowan shops.

There is only one Cowan quality. You can
buy other four post beds of similar appearance
at our reduced price or near it, but do not do so
expecting to get Cowan quality. You will be
disappointed. These beds no doubt are worth
what is asked for them. The whole point of
our special offers is that whatever we offer will
be worth much more than the price at which
we Offer it temporarily.

Hundreds of Cowan beds of this famous old
pattern are now in the finest American homes,
and they have been sold uniformly heretofore
at $55.00 for the single, and $65.00 for the
double size. They cannot be sold for less, at
a profit, and will not be sold for less after
September 30th.

During September we offer them for $37.50
in either single or double size.

The beds are of the very finest of selected solid
mahogany, each board selected for its beauty
The posts are hand
carved and the head board is five-p/y mahogany,
veneered upon solid mahogany, to prevent
Warping.

We sell our special offerings to our agents at
less than our shop cost to enable them to fulfill
the terms of this offer. We make the same
offer through our retail store and by mail, F.O. B.
Chicago, to make the opportunity nation-wide.

We make these offers solely to stimulate
your frst interest in Cowan furniture. Once

WRITE FOR BIG ILLUS. FREE BOOKLET
showing our beds and farm and learn how to grow
mushrooms at home in cellars, sheds, stables,
boxes, outdoors, etc. Only small space necessary.
300 per cent. profit, markets waiting. We were

This man has doubled his facilities over and
over again, until he now has the largest and

interested, we know you will do as hundreds
of others have done—furnish your home

spawn, and teach you our methods free.
NATIONAL SPAWN & MUSHROOM CO.
Dept. 9

FLORICULTURE

Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul-
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell
University.

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and
Vegetables, as well as Flowers Under Glass.

Personal Instruction. Extert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Prof. Craig Dept. G. F., Springfield, Mass.

PROTECT YOUR FURS!

This chest is of delightfully fragrant Southern Red
Cedar. Protects furs and other clothing against moths
and mice. No camphor required. Dust-and-damp-proof.
Saves cold storage expenses. Very roomy. 4 ft. long:
2ft. wide; 2ft. high. Two big drawers. A very mag-
nificent chest. Hand polished. Wide copper bands.
Useful XMAS, wedding or birthday gift. Needed in
yourhome. We have many styles. Some priced only
$li. Freight prepaid east of Mississippi River. From
factory direct to your home, saving middlemin’s profit.
Write for catalog ““G ’”’ Shows designs at many prices.

PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Dept. 47. Statesville, N. C.

first, 25 years experience, make and sell best fresh

Ilyde Park, Mass.

most perfect workshops of their kind in the
world — making COWAN CABINET
WORK—and yet he is not supplying one-
tenth of the demand which will arise when all
the people know about Cowan furniture.

He is planning to double his workshops
again and again. “The old way would have
been to advertise conservatively and wait years.
The modern way is The Cowan Special
Offer, to Induce Immediate Acquaintance
with Cowan Furniture.

The Special Offer for Septemberisthe Cowan
Colonial Four Poster Bed (the famous old
pineapple pattern shown herewith) on which
we offer you a saving of $17.50 on the single,
or $27.50 on the double size. This offer
holds good for the month of September only.

entirely with it—all at once if you can—piece
by piece if you must.

There is no other furniture like it, and no other
fine furniture made in asufficient number of patterns
so that a home may be furnished entirely with it.

The Cowan line now numbers more than a
thousand patterns, all in mahogany or Circassian
walnut, reproduced from the masterpieces of
historic design—Sheraton, Chippendale, Heppel-
white, Adam, American Colonial, etc.

You can take advantage of the September
special offer. om/y in September. Call upon our
nearest agent if you know him, or write to us at
once for information. Dresser, dressing table,
chiffonier, costumer, commode and cheval glass
to match can be had if desired.

W. K. COWAN & COMPANY

Shops—604 The Lake Shore Drive, Chicago.
Retail Store—203-207 Michigan Ave,, Chicago.
Agencies—throughout the country.

ORIGINAL “CUTAWAY” TOOLS

Clark’s One Horse Market Garden or Grove Harrow is made reversible to

throw the soil either to or from the plant.

It is especially desirable for the

smal] garden, truck or market gardener’s use.
This tool is used extensively among gardeners, and in Florida it is also

used for orchard culture.

902 Main Street

It is a great lavor saver.
Made in Three Sizes:

No. O, 1 horse with two gangs of 5 14-inch disks each.

No. OO, Light 2 horse, two gangs, 6 14-inch disks each.

No. OOO, Heavy 2 horse, two gangs, 7 14-inch disks each.

We make several sizes of special disk tools for every special crop.

Send today for new Booklet ‘‘ Intensive Cultivation.” Of course it’s FREE.

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

Higgsanum, Conn.

The Readers’ Service will give you
96 suggestions jor the care o} live-stock

Dwyer’s Pot-Grown
Strawberry Plants

Strong, healthy plants from selected
stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to
give satisfaction and

Produce a Full Crop in 1911

Some of the finest berry
patches in’ America owe
success to our vigorous
stock. Pot-grown plants
have been our specialty
for many years. If you
want fruit next season, order NOW. We
also have a full line of Fruit and Orna-
mental Trees, Plants, Vines, etc., for fall
planting, all grown on our home grounds
and guaranteed healthy and true to name.

We also do landscape gardening in all
its branches. Catalogue free.

T. J. DWYER & CO.

P. O. Box 4 CORNWALL, N. Y.
NOW IS THE

He ue USE fe BONORA”

It will make your flowering
plants grow in- beautiful profus-
ion; it will make your late vege-
tables tender and sweet, almost

THE CENTS NES { doubling the production. An

R *e2) ! application now will keep all

——

plant life in fine condition for
the balance of the season, and
} bring about marvelous results
| for the coming season. /
Put up in dry form in all size packages
as follows:
1 lb., making 28 gallons, postpaid, $0.65
5lbs., ‘* x40 by express, 2.50
tolbs., ‘* 280 “ % a0 4.75 ff
BONORA CHEMICAL CO.
488-492 Broadway, cor. Broome Street
New York

an
ONORA CHEMICAL
Bor Broaoway, New YORK

S. Richmond

Magazine readers are familiar

with the charm and grace of Mrs.

Richmond's contributions. The
successful longer stories here
listed surpass in interest and
popularity her short stories.

A Court of Inquiry,
Fixed price, $1.00 (postage 1 Oc.)
Round the Corner in Gay Street,
$1.50
On Christmas Day in the Morning,
Fixed Price, 50c. (postage 5c.)
The Indifference of Juliet, $/.50
With Juliet in England, $/.50
The Second Violin, $/.50

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
NEW YORK

Our friends are invited to visit our Library Salesroom, where
iney may leisurely look over our books. We also invite requests
jor our “Guide to Good Books,” mailed free.

My Scheme for Watering
Shrubbery

AST year I found that my shrubs did not
respond to watering quite as well as I thought
they should. A bed that was beyond the reach of
a hose did almost as well, even during dry spells,
as beds that were most carefully watered. All
the beds were occasionally cultivated, whenever
weeds made it necessary, after which they were
left with about an inch of finely crumbled soil
mulch.

After some study of the matter I learned that
there never really was enough water put on the
beds; that, although it appeared as if the beds were
soaked, never more than a few inches of the soil
were actually moistened, and this, moreover, baked
and cracked so in the heat of the sun as to cause
the ground to dry out more than if I had left the

When watering with a hose, break the force of the
water by putting a board under the nozzle

beds entirely alone. I found that to get water to
penetrate to the deeper roots I would have to turn
the water on for hours at a time. So, instead of
sprinkling as I had formerly done, I took the nozzle
off the hose and let the water pour out full force.
To obviate the washing away of the soil from the
roots of the shrubs, I took a short piece of board
and arranged the hose in such a manner that the
water struck the board first and spread fan-shaped
over the ground. In this way there is no washing
and the water, flowing gently, has ample time to
sink deep into the ground. It is only necessary to
change the position of the hose, as the ground
becomes so saturated that it will absorb no more.
Just as soon as the ground becomes dry enough
to work after such a watering I either hoe or rake
the surface of the beds to produce about an inch
of finely crumbled soil mulch. Even in a rainless
month watering a bed twice in this way is all-
sufficient to keep the shrubs in a most thrifty con-
dition. The philosophy of the thing is simple.
Get your ground saturated; then work the surface
soil into a dust mulch which will check evaporation
and hold the water in the soil for the roots to use.
North Dakota. C. L. MELLER.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1910

PAEONIES

| The Elmsford set of six grand double

varieties for $2.50 per set, viz.:

Festiva, white.

Jeanne d’ Arc, early soft pink.
Delachei, dark crimson.
Noblissima, dark rose pink.
Gandavensis, fine double white.
Princess Mathilde, lively wine red.
also a number of other varieties
at 50c each.

These are not divided pieces, but solid

| clumps which produced two and three |

flowers each this last spring, and will
produce twice that number next spring.

ELMSFORD NURSERIES

SCOTT BROS., Props. Elmsford, N. Y.

Garden and Porch Furniture for Comfort and Beauty

Send for Catalogue

NORTH SHORE FERNERIES CO., Beverly, Mass.

Pot-Grown

e. Strawberry Plants

as shown ini the cut are much
the best. The roots are all
there—and good roots, too.
If set out in August and Sep-
tember ‘will produce a crop
of bérries next June. I have the
finest stock of plants in the New
England States. Send for Cata-
logue and Price List.

7 (.S. PRATT, Reading, Mass,

PENNSYLVANIA SCHOOL OF
HORTICULTURE FOR WOMEN

School for practical instruction in Garden-
ing, Horticulture and kindred subjects

Miss J. B. Muines

Miss M. O. Collins, Prineipal
Cheltenham, Pa.

Ambler, Pa.

Model Extension

Carnation Support

Endorsed by all the leading growers of the country
as the best support for carnations made.

in a single season.

Made strong and light of heavy
Galvanized Wire.

Over 3,000,000 in Use
Price 50c per doz., $3.50 per 100

Send for price list and catalogue
of other garden specialties

IGOE BROTHERS

67 71 Metropolitan Avenue, BROOKLYN, N. »

Do you realize what it means to the value of your property and for your
own pleasure to have such an evergreen bed as this, ornamenting a bleak

} veranda corner? And do you realize at how reasonable cost this bed
can be placed in the spot where you need it?

Now’s the time to plant Evergreens

This is the month to put in evergreens, that you may have the display and
the effect that you want through the cheerless winter months.

Evergreen foliage is more continuously useful than any other. You get
the screening effect you want combined with color, winter as well as summer.

Let us help you to beautify your home.

There are thirty-seven years of experience behind the Moon Nurseries.
Anything you desire in the way of hardy trees and plants we can supply
from our twenty-five hundred varieties. Write us about your place and we

will aid you to improve its beauty and value.

Each plant in our nursery is allowed ample space for symmetrical
development and no pains are spared to produce an abundance of fibrous
feeding roots that will nourish and sustain a newly planted tree.

Send for our catalogue on ‘‘Hardy Trees and Plants for Every Place and Purpose. ”’

The Wm. H. Moon Company

Morrisville, Pa.

Wakefield Terrace

ee ee ae
ao

PLANT EVERGREENS

In August —September— October. These
months are admirably adapted to the plant-

ing of Evergreens.
SEND FOR FREE CATALOG NOW

and make your selection while stock is complete.

Hill’s 1910 Illustrated Catalog and Planting Guide
will help you to decide. Besides truthfully describing
each variety, it also gives many valuable suggestions

on the planting, care and culture of Evergreens.
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist

\ Box 106, Dundee, Ills. Founded 1855 A
} SN . : = I) , (\'

Byzantine Wonder Lily

Not a fairy tale, but a fact

The picture represents the bulb in bloom taken from a photo. This bulb blooms
without either soil or water. On receipt place it in a box or flat dish in the light. In
3-4 weeks, often sooner, the flower sheaths appear, growing up rapidly, unfolding their
exquisite rosy tinted blossoms, shading to a pearly white in the calyx, ornamented with
golden stamens. It is the most dainty living bouquet, and unexcelled as a unique table
decoration. The perfume exhaled is most delicate and refreshing. The bulbs bloom
a long time —as soon as one flower withers, cut it off close to the bulb — another will
appear — each strong bulb bearing 9-12 flowers. When through flowering, pot the
bulb —which then develops a broad undulated, very ornamental foliage. During
midsummer give a rest — after which the bulb is ready for next season.

Each 3 6 12

Strong Bulbs $0.15 $0.40 $0.70 $1.20
** Monster Bulbs <25 .65 1.15 2.00

Price includes delivery

Special Notice: Those of our friends who wish to
grow their flowers for Thanksgiving or Xmas for
which occasions they form

Unique Floral Offerings

we advise to order now, as stock is limited. We will
keep the bulbs retarded and send at proper time to
bloom when wanted.

September is the time to secure the Best Bulbs for your
Window Garden and Winter's display of flowers.
October for the garden. For September we make this
special offer of Bulbs which will give the best and
quickest returns. Those marked * bloom in 8-10 weeks:

—asi

Narcissus in bowl

* 4 Chinese Sacred Lilies
* 12 White Roman Hyacinths )
8 Rose S g - All white if desired

8 Blue Ga “ \

12 Golden Trumpet Narcissus

12 White Pear! fragrant Narcissus
4 Amaryllis, bright scarlet

12 Dutch forcing Hyacinths, your choice color or name
4 White Calla Ethiopica

24 Snow Queen Freesias

12 Single Tulips, all colors, your choice color

12 Double “ “ec “ “cc
24 Crocus “ee “ “ it4 “ “cc
12 Oxalis “ “ec “ “< “c cc

4 Bermuda Easter Lilies
12 White Alliums
175 choice Bulbs for

Half collection

$5.00, delivery included
$3.00 £ a
One quarter collection $1.75 “ a

Send for our beautiful Fall 1910 Catalogue. J¢ is free. Address

H. H. BERGER & CO.

“ESTABLISHED 1878” 70 WARREN ST., NEW YORK CITY

a

Bobbink & Atkins

World’s Choicest Nursery Products
SEPTEMBER PLANTING ~

Intending purchasers should visit our Nursery and inspect the material we grow. We have experienced
men to advise you, and the completeness of our assortment will insure you of securing the proper material

for every location.
to fill orders of any magnitude.

Having 250 acres of the most fertile ground under cultivation places us in a Bees

Our New Giant-flowering Marsh Mallow

A new and perfectly hardy Hibiscus for naturalizing or background effects and especially adapted for old-fashioned
and shrub borders or individual grouping. Flowers are immense in size, sometimes measuring to inches and more in

diameter.

flower in July and bloom profusely until late autumn.
Strong, eee flowering plants, in separate colors, $1 each, $10 Ba doz

Bridle Path in Our Nursery

HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
We have thousands of rare new and
old-fashioned kinds. Our Herbaceous
grounds are especially interesting at
this time. Special prices on quantities.

BULBS AND ROOTS. We import
large quantities of Bulbs and Roots from
Japan, Holland and other parts of
Europe.’ Our Special Autumn Bulb
Catalog will be mailed upon request.

Our New Large-flowered Marsh Mallow

Our Illustrated General Catalog No. 25 describes the above.
interesting, instructive and helpful to intending purchasers

BOXWOOD. Everybody loves the
aroma of old-fashioned Boxwood. We
have thousands of specimens. It is
worth while to travel any distance to
see our collection, consisting of all sizes
and shapes.

RHODODENDRONS. Catawbiense,
English Hardy Hybrids and Maximum.
Our collection consists of thousands of
choice specimens and ordinary sizes in
the most desirable varieties.

RHODODENDRONS Growing

in Our Nursery

EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS
have become a garden necessity. Every
lawn, even of highly developed beauty,
can be made more beautiful by their use.
We have many acres planted with beau-
tiful Evergreens of all the hardiest and
choicest kinds. Our Evergreens are well
cultivated and can be dug with a ball
of roots and earth.

The colors range from white to the most delicate and brilliant shades of crimson and pink. They. begin to

Botany Class Visiting Our Naaees
POT -GROWN STRAWBERRIES,

HARDY TRAILING AND CLIMB-
ING VINES. Ask for special lists.

HEDGE PLANTS. We have a large
quantity of California Privet, Berberis,
and other Shrubs for Hedges.

BAY TREES, DECORATIVE
PLANTS FOR CONSERVATORIES.
Interior and exterior decorations are
grown in our 150,000 ft. of Greenhouses.

TUBS. We manufacture them in all
shapes and sizes. Ask for price list.

oe Privet in Our Nursery

It will also be found comprehensive and especially

WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND GARDENS EVERYWHERE

THE GENERAL SUPERVISION OF PUBLIC GROUNDS AND PRIVATE ESTATES A SPECIALTY

VISITORS TO OUR NURSERIES ARE ALWAYS WELCOME. WE ARE ONLY A FEW MINUTES FROM NEW YORK CITY

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters, Rutherford, N. J. lt

THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK

ocToBER Fall Planting: a Symposium of Experie
1910

Rejuvenating the Old Apple Tree Planting an Orchard
Vol. XII. No. 3

oS

Flowers for April Cottage Tulips

©
,

“RR Rp”

COUNTRY LIFE gi DOUBEBWAY PAGE & CO.

IN AMERICA es 133-137 EAST 16th STREET, NEW YORK

THE COLUMBIA COLLECTION OF QUALITY BULBS

FIVE HUNDRED BULBS FOR $5.00

The following collection of bulbs contains exclusively the most showy and easzly cultivated varieties (all selected, first size and well ripened bulbs) part of which can be potted for the
conservatory or window, and the balance may be planted in the garden or border for early spring flowers, awd they will insure the finest possible display:

r:

8 Easter Lilies * 4 Sacred Narcissus * 24 Double Tulips Mixed 24 Chionodoxa (‘Glory of the Snow”) 24 Spanish Iris

12 Dutch Double Hyacinths in three colors 12 Double Yellow Daffodils 24 Single Tulips Mixed 50 Snowdrops 12 Ixias*

12 Dutch Single Hyacinths in three colors 12 Single Red Tulips 50 Yellow Crocus 24 Anemones 12 Oxalis Buttercups*
12 Paper White Narcissus * 12 Single White Tulips 50 Blue Crocus 24 Sweetscented Jonquils 4 Calla Lilies*

12 Pheasant Eye Narcissus 12 Single Yellow Tulips 50 White Crocus 20 Freesias*

Or we will supply one-half of this splendid collection, 250 bulbs, for $2.75; or one=quarter, 125 bulbs, for $1.50.
Our distinctive, instructive and suggestive Fall Bulb Catalogue, containing a most comprehensive collection of Fall Bulbs with full descriptions and cultaral directions, and illustrated with nearly
100 photo-engravings from life, mailed free. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman
Dept. G 342 West 14th Street NEW YORK CITY

Those varieties marked with a * for indoors only—if required we will substitute bulbs for outdoor cultivation.

IF YOU WANT HEALTHFUL HEATING

YOU MUST HAVE GOOD VENTILATION
Good ventilation means an abundance of FRESH AIR PROPERLY
WARMED, and health and comfort for you and your family. With any
method of heating, like Steam and Hot Water RADIATOR Systems, which
have NO FRESH AIR SUPPLY, and heat and reheat the same stagnant

air, the air soon becomes foul and unfit to breathe. These systems are being
condemned by people WHO INVESTIGATE.

The Kelsey Warm Air Generator—the Air Tube Heater

is recommended by thousands of HOME OWNERS who carefully investigated
and installed in preference to any other system.

+)

Kelsey Heated Residence, New London, Conn If Your House Has 5 Rooms or 50 Rooms
ananramamaban g cc The KELSEY SYSTEM WILL. HEAT EVERY ROOM EVENLY, WITH
Send for ier one’s which explain Kelsey Heating, prs AIR THAT HAS BEEN MODERATELY AND PROPERLY
See eee lane of i nd complished in heating WARMED; AND BY THE KELSEY MECHANICAL (FAN) SYSTEM
i y IN LARGE RESIDENCES THE AIR IS CHANGED COMPLETELY
37,000 SOLD FOUR OR FIVE TIMES EVERY HOUR.

The Other Advantages of Kelsey Heating:

It is easily managed and regulated; there are no unsightly radiators; no pipes or valves to leak and cause annoyance and

_ expense, and it COSTS LESS TO INSTALL, AND MUCH LESS FOR FUEL, MANAGEMENT AND REPAIRS than any

other system that will give anything like as good results.

Kelsey Heating Company Nov Yon Grice, 7S © Foret SS6'k Finn Avenue

OcToBER, 1910

Plant Peterson’s Prize

Peonies NOW

Spring may be safest for ROSES in the North,
but PEONIES must be planted in fall.

My Peonies may cost a little more than some
others, but then, can you—really now—when in-
vesting in a flower that you need plant but once
in your lifetime—afford to take chances with
cheap stock? My plants are the best that skilled
effort can produce, and when you purchase a
peony here you have the serene confidence that
it will come true to the label it bears.

And remember please that my Peonies are

Peonies of Quality

that in the big shows of New York and Boston
this year they won ten first prizes out of eleven
entries, and that too in competition with not
only my business contemporaries, but also with
the skilled professional gardeners of some of
the largest private estates in the east.

The “Florists Exchange,” the leading trade
paper, reporting the joint annual exhibition of

THE AMERICAN PEONY SOCIETY and THE MASS.
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY in Boston, said:

“ The best flowers in the exhibition came from George
H. Peterson, Fair Lawn, N. J.”

My annual Peony catalog, “The Flower
Beautiful,” is as superior as is my stock.
WANT A COPY? IT’S FREE

GEORGE H. FETERSON

Rose and Peony
Specialist

Box 50
FAIR LAWN, N. J.

THE GARDEN

FAIRFAX ROSES

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free
W. R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

Growssiiv'it.
Ginseng |

The great money making plant has been steadily rising in
price for 60 years. Always a market, demand unlimited.
Small Blot more profitable than a large farm. Start your bed

this fal
f SEND FOR FREE BOOK

to tell all about the business—seed, plants, growing, market-
ing, how to get the high prices. See the possibilities of a
small plot of ground. We furnish the genuine American
variety seed at low price. Write for Ginseng Booklet W.

NEWTOWN PRODUCING CO., Newtown, Bucks Co., Pa.

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools 99

MAGAZINE

HE WHO USES CYPRESS BUILDS oes ‘ONCE

WOOD ETERNAL”
You know the ancient fame of

GayrPRESS

but do you know its uses zoday,
and their significance to you?

CYPRESS is ¢he wood of Scriptural history, and of romance; CYPRESS was the
mystic wood of mythology—and it was the reliance of the sturdy builders of early
America; CYPRESS always has been a magnet for those who have wrought senti-
ment and beauty into useful things—and CYPRESS is today the staple wood of the
hard-headed calculating buyer who seeks the most /astimg values for his lumber-money.

This concerns YOU—if you like to avoid repair bills on anything made of wood.

It was of CYPRESS, according to Pliny, that the famous statue of Jupiter was carved;
more than six centuries without a sign of decay.

' The historic Gates of Constantinople were of CYPRESS; they were on duty for eleven centuries
without a furlough.

The CYPRESS doors of ancient St. Peter’s, in Rome, were in a state of perfect preservation when
removed by EugeniusIV; they had been swinging on the faithful for twelve centuries.

The only Egyptian mummies that survive intact and unblemished are those whose executors filed
them in CYPRESS receptacles.

To bring the record nearer home—there was Thomas Lyon, who in 1640 built him
a house in Greenwich, Connecticut. He put CYPRESS shingles on its roof and sides.
With no exterior repairs of consequence, this house 1s today occupied as a residence.
THIS WAS AMERICAN CYPRESS — the kind we own and cut and are
selling you.

CYPRESS is in truth “‘

If you are putting up a palace or a pasture-fence, and want to build it

aU @©Y PRESS:

There is going to be a liberal education (and a wonderful zmwestment value for you) in the
CYPRESS advertising here begun—and in the detailed information and reliable counsel to be had
promptly, WITHOUT COST, if you will WRITE US YOUR OWN NEEDS (big or little), and ASK
YOUR OWN QUESTIONS of the ‘‘All-round Helps Department”’ of the

Southern Cypress Manufacturers’

1209 HIERN BANK BUILDING, NEW ORLEANS, LA.

it existed

the wood eternal.’’ He who uses Cypress builds but once.
“for keeps’’

Association

Probably your lumber man sells CYPRESS; if not, WRITE US, and we will tell you the dealer handiest to you.

Plant for Immediate Effect
NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS

Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty
years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
Price List Now Ready.

Andorra Nurseries
Box G, Chestnut Hill, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

give an immediate effect.

WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop.

Going abroad? Routes, time-tables, and all sorts of
100 information obtained through the Readers’ Service

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

dogs, poultry and live stock will be

gladly given.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OctToseER, 1910

Information about the

selection or care of
Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT,

Tue GarpEN Macazine, 133 East 16th Street, New York.

A Living from Poultry

$1,500.00 from 60 Hens in Ten Months on a
City Lot 40 Feet Square

the average poultry=
man that would seem
impossible, and when we
tell you that we have
actually done a _ $1500
poultry business with 60
hens on a corner in the
city garden 40 feet wide
by 40 feet long, we are
simply stating facts. It
would not be possible to
get such returns by any
one of the systems of
poultry keeping recom-
mended and practised
by the American people,
still it can be accom=
plished by the

PHILO
SYSTEM

THE PHILO SYSTEM IS UNLIKE OTHER WAYS OF KEEP-
ING POULTRY

and in manyrespects just the reverse, accomplishing
things in poultry work that have always been con-
sidered impossible, and getting unheard-of results that
are hard to believe without seeing.

THE NEW SYSTEM COVERS ALL BRANCHES OF THE
WORK NECESSARY FOR SUCCESS

from selecting the breeders to marketing the product.
It tells how to get eggs that will hatch, how to hatch
nearly every egg and how to raise nearly allthe chicks
hatched. It gives complete plans in detail how to
make everything necessary to run the business and at
less than half the cost required to handle the poultry
business in any other manner.

TWO POUND BROILERS IN EIGHT WEEKS

are raised in a space of less than a square foot to the
broiler, and the broilers are of the very best quality,
bringing here 3 cents a pound above the highest mar-
ket price.

OUR SIX-MONTH-OLD PULLETS ARE LAYING AT THE
RATE OF 24 EGGS EACH PER MONTH

in a space of two square feet foreach bird. No green
cut bone of any description is fed, and the food used
is inexpensive as compared with food others are
using.

Our new book, THE PHILO SYSTEM OF POUL-
TRY KEEPING, gives full particulars regarding these
wonderful discoveries, with simple, easy-to-understand
directions that are right to the point, and 15 pages
of illustrations showing all branches of the work from
start to finish.

DON’T LET THE CHICKS DIE IN THE SHELL

One of the secrets of success is to save all the
chickens that are fully developed at hatching time,
whether they can crack the shell ornot. It is asimple
trick and believed to be the secret of the ancient
Egyptians and Chinese which enabled them to sell the
chicks at 10 cents a dozen.

Note the condition of these three-months-old pullets. )
ancestors for seven generations have been bred by the Philo System.

These pullets and their

CHICKEN FEED AT 15 CENTS A BUSHEL

Our book tells how to make the best green food
with but little trouble and have a good supply any
day in the year, winter or summer. It is just as im-
possible to get a large egg yield without green food
as it is to keep a cow without hay or fodder.

OUR NEW BROODER SAVES 2 CENTS ON EACH
CHICKEN

No lamp required. No danger of chilling, over-
heating or burning up the chickens as with brooders
using lamps or any kind of fire. They also keep all
the lice off the chickens automatically or kill any that
may be on them when placed in the brooder. Our
book gives full plans and the right to make and use
them. One can easily be made in an hour at a cost
of 25 to 50 cents.

TESTIMONIALS

SOUTH BRITAIN, CONN., April 19, 1909.
Mr. E. R. PHILO, ELMIRA, N.Y.

DEAR SIR:—I have followed your system as close as I could; the result is
acomplete success. Ifthere can be any improvement on nature, your brooder
is it. The first experience I had with your System was last December. I
hatched 17 chicks under two hens, put them as soon as hatched in one of your
brooders out of doors and at the age of three months I sold them at 35c a pound.
They then averaged 2 1-2 Ibs. each, and the man I sold them to said they were
the finest he ever saw and he wants all I can spare this season.

Yours truly,
A. E. NELSON.

ELMIRA, N. Y., Oct. 30, 1909.
Mr. E. R. PHILO, ELMIRA, N.Y.

DEAR SIR:—No doubt you will be interested to learn of our success in
keeping poultry by the Philo System. Our first year’s work is now nearly
completed. It has given us an income of over $500.00 from six pedigree hens
and one cockerel. Had we understood the work as well as we now do aftera
year's experience, we could have easily made $1,000.00 from the six hens. In
addition to the profits from the sale of pedigree chicks, we have cleared over
$960.00 running our Hatchery plant consisting of 56 Cycle Hatchers. Weare
pleased with the results and expect to do better the coming year.

With best wishes, we are,
Very truly yours,
(Mrs.) C. P. GOODRICH.

° Send $1 .00 for one year’s sub-
Special Offer scription to the POULTRY RE-
VIEW, a monthly magazine devoted to progressive methods

of poultry keeping, and we will include, without charge, a
copy of the latest revised edition of the Philo System Book.

E. R. Philo, 2541 Lake St., Elmira, N.Y.

gy that new hen-house or fix up the old one but get our large 100 pp. catalog $
DON T BUILD and circulars (over 120 illustrations) showing POTTER PORTABLE A 4 O H O U S E

: __ SANITARY POULTRY HOUSES, Roosting and Nesting Outfits, Per-
fection Feed Hoppers, Trap Nests, Feeds, and supplies of all kinds. Potter Fixtures have been on the
market near y 10 years. They are made in 3 styles and 12 Sizes, aid are complete, convenient and sanitary.

i ee |

Qur Portable (K. D. made in sections) Hen-houses, Brood Coops, Pigeon Lofts, are made in 20 styles and
sizes, from a coop 2 ft. square to a complete house 8 x 80 feet, or longer, at lowest prices. House shown is
8x10 feet, complete with 8 ft. Potter Outfit for 30 hens, for $40. A fine house ata low price. If you need
a house or coop of any kind do not fail to find out about the Potter line before buying or building.

5 or sell your laying hens, use the POTTER SYSTEM and pick out the layers

from the loafers and diseased hens. Keep only healthy laying hens. The

POTTER SYSTEM is a secret and the greatest discovery of the century

in the poultry world on the subject of Egg Producing Hens. Used by over 30,000 satisfied poultry keepers

who are saving dollars every year. Our New 100 pp. Potter System book, “Don’t Kill the Laying Hen,”

contains the secret and knowledge about laying and non-laying hens. It’s a revelation to poultry keepers

and you will learn how you can use the Potter System on your flock; keep less hens, get more eggs and make

more money using it. Write today sending 2 RED STAMPS to cover postage on our large catalog and
circulars telling all about Potter Poultry Products made for Particular Poultry People. If you are particular and want to make more money on your flock

you will write us today.

T. F. POTTER & CO., Box 22, Downers Grove, Dlinois, U. S. A.

=| 2a = =

. se
Jersey Reds are Lively Growers
and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. Jersey Reds are the most
satisfactory, all-round breed. Those who have tried them say so. Fatten
easily and quickly, are small-boned, long-hodied, vigorous and prolific; quality
of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box TI, Moorestown, N. J.

Make Hens Lay

Lots of eggs by feeding green bone fresh cut, because it is rich

in protein and all other egg elements. You get twice the eggs
=—S_ —more fertile; vigorous chicks; earlier

broilers; heavier fowls; bigger profits.

9@ Latest
MANN’S neat BONE CUTTER
cuts all kinds of bone, with adhering meat
7 and gristle, easy, fast and fine. Automatic
feed; open hopper, never clogs. Book free.
10 Days’ Free Trial. No money m
advance.

F. W. Mann Co., Box 325, Milford, Mass.

Poultry and Ornamental Stock for Sale

The entire stock of the Elmtree Farm poultry and pet stock depart-
ments. including some of the best breeding, and finest specimens of the
following varieties to be found, among which are many prize winners:

White Leghorns—White Rocks—Rhode Island Reds—Buff
Cochins—Black Langshans—Bronze Turkeys and Ducks.
Swans and Pheasants— English Fallow Deer —lmported
Great Danes and Coach Dogs.

ELMTREE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.

LARGE BERKSHIRES
at HIGHWOOD
In EACH of last three volumes
of American Berkshire Record
covering 3 years, we sold and
registered more Berkshires than
any other breeder in U. S. The
large proportion went to old
customers. THIS SPEAKS
FOR ITSELF.
Special offering, pairs an

trios 8 weeks old.

If. C. & I. B. Harpend
Dundee, N. Y ae

VILLA SITES

In Habersham county (Piedmont section of northeast Georgia).
Fruit already in bearing, paying 20% to 25% on the price of
$500 an acre. New and fresh locations. Orchards of Peaches,
Apples, Cherries, Figs, already growing. 26 different varieties
of fruits and fourteen different varieties of nuts growing in
Habersham county. Adjoining the best schools in Georgia.
Electric lights, telephone, etc. 150 acres in city limits. Eleva-
tion 1,600 to 1.800 feet above the sea—the Switzerland of Amer-
ica. ‘The healthiest county in U.S. (see census of 1900). Pure
water. Spring on every 40 acres. Cheapest place in U.S. to
bnild—common lumber $10 per thousand; carpenters $1.50 to
$2.50 per day. 12 passenger trains daily. Direct communi-
cation with all principal cities. An ideal climate. 'Tempera-
ture has not yet reached 87 degrees. For full particulars, write

I. C. WADE, Cornelia, Ga.

THE CALL ee the ae pee ee yee
OF THE - where productive lands, favor-

able climate and abundant rain-
SOUTHEAST fall make the best paying farm

locations in America, the South-
east is now the unequaled section. Land from $5.00 to
$40.00 an acre near to the heart of the country and close
to the best markets. The largest returns from alfalfa and
other hay, wheat, corn and all truck crops. Lands unsur-
passed for stock and poultry raising, and dairying. For
fruit growing no region is more profitable. The South-
east has opportunities for every kind of farming. The
Southern Railway will help you to find the desired
location. Send for publications to

M. V. RICHARDS

Land and Industrial Agent, Southern Railway
1322% PENNSYLVANIA AVE., WASHINGTON, D. C.

GARDEN LANDS

in Florida

A rich, black, inexhaustible SOIL—the VERY BEST for BER-
MUDA ONIONS —or all GARDEN TRUCK — or FRUITS —pro-
ducing 3 CROPS A YEAR. CLIMATE a SUMMER RESORT, as
well asa LAND OF BLOOMING GARDENS IN WINTER.

The FINEST OYSTERS and FISH in the WORLD to be taken
RIGHT at HAND. A beautiful BATHING BEACH in SIGHT. An

island SANATURIUM off the SHORE.

Anante-bellum region opened to the world by NEW TRANSPOR-
TATION — RAILWAY and NAVIGATION-RAIIL WAY divides the
GARDEN LANDS and gives a SHIPPING STATION. A SEAPORT
to the FAST 5 MILEFS—A SEAPORT to the WEST 11 MILES—
LIVE BUSINESS TERMINALS GROWING RAPIDLY-

THE DAULTON GARDEN LANDS may be bought in quarter-
sections, sections, or in larger tracts if wanted. ADDRESS
The George Daulton Company
150 Nassau Street, Room 1126 NEW YORK CITY

OcTroBER, 1910

? ~ Ij a problem grows in your garden write to
Ts H E G A R D E N M A G A Z, I N E the Readers’ Service jor assistance 101

Plant Trees This Fall—
Start Them NOW For /7:..:}

Trees,
Plants,

Shrubs and

NextSeason’sGrowth /A: *

grown with par-

Fruit and ornamental trees, vines and shrubs can best ticular care all

be moved when dormant — hence, the best time to along the line by
Ih plant them is in the fall. people who know how
The soil is then in good condition to receive —the high quality of the
‘ them, and the roots, making a certain develop- stock and the commenda-
ment, are ready with the starting of the buds tion of scores of satisfied cus-

in spring to put out tomers who order
S. G. HARRIS, M. S.

a vigorous growth. from us regularly
Rosedale Nurseries

Experience prove that our
proves that fall methods are correct.
Box 63, Tarrytown, New York
Catalogues Free

planted trees suffer Our customers in-
from drouth far less clude many of the
than spring planted keenest business
stock; fall planting is ; ; men in New York.
also better because, by ordering Careful cultivation and frequent transplant-
now, you will get the bene- ing enable us to develop unusual quality here;
fit of larger and better se- our trees have abundant roots and fine, well-form-
lections than if you wait ed tops, in sizes up to twenty feet in some varieties.
until Spring. So great Our handsomely illustrated Catalogue is a cyclopedia
wasthe demand last of information to the planter. We shall be glad to send
year that many a copy upon request.

eZ Order From Harris
Quality is Assured by
Our Methods of Growing

nursery in

spring.

- Fottler — Fiske —
Rawson Co.

Successors to

_¥.E.FISKE SEED ¢,,

so selected as to. produce a luxuriant field
of bloom for six weeks’ duration. In-
cluding an assortment of Daffodils, Jonquils
and Narcissus. So arranged that only one
kind blooms at a time, producing a beautiful,
continuous floral harmony. The ideal material
_for the Wild Garden, Old-Fashioned Bor-
| ders, Wood-Lands and Grass-Plots. We. offer
Nature’s Garden:‘Mixture,

100 Bulbs for $1.00

a 1,000 Bulbs for $7.50
‘3 10,000 Bulbs for $50.00
‘ ‘| Free delivery to any express office in

the United States. Ask for our
Bulb Handbook, r1gro.
Mailed Free. :

VE'ARE WEELKNOWS

If the new name should not'be remembered, any of the above names, and just Boston
4 will reach us. We operate two stores, 12 and 13 faneuil Hall Square, also 26 and 27
“hs South Market Street, Boston, Massachusetts.

Fottler— Fiske—Rawson Co.
BOSTON, MASS.

fe

I HAVE READ IT THROUGH”

“You have put into it what most of the others so studiously leave out —
a love for the flowers they offer. “What impresses me most is the under-tone
of sincerity throughout. With such an atmosphere between its pages, your
prices appeal. You are bound to get the most desirable customers every-
where in the country. You are going to get me. I amasmall-buyer and |
am not an expert fancier, but I have a great fondness which may develop.”

So writes a well known New York business man —a high grade com-
pliment expressing in language better than mine the appeal I could wish

my book, ““FARR’S HARDY PLANTS,” might make to all who receive

it, gaining new friends worth every effort to retain.

oy, V Great Fondness’’— 152s how the fields of Peonies and

Irises at Wyomissing began, and devel-
oped into the most complete collection of these plants in existence — for |
couldn't be satisfied otherwise. That's why ] cannot stop here and bea
“ Specialist” with these alone, for | am fond of the brilliant phloxes, and
the tall blue delphiniums, and other things which come later. Perhaps that
is why my catalogue is “‘ different’’— because it tells of the flowers | like
and which it seems most every one else likes.

Farr’s Book of Hardy Plants, mailed free on request.
FARR’S WYOMISSING HYBRID DELPHINIUMS — raised from seed of my own

special selections, are more beautiful this year than ever — splendid spikes of very large

ouble and semi-double flowers, five to six feet high, from palest blue and lavender to

richest purple and indigo. Finest selected varieties, $2.50 per dozen, $18.00 per hundred.
Seeds, 25c per pkt.

PHLOXES — A superb coilection of the most brilliant varieties.

BERTRAND H. FARR

Wyomnissing Nursery 809-D, Penn Street Reading, Pa.

SEPTEMBER and OCTOBER are the ideal planting months for most perennials; later
there is risk, for the plants do not have time to become established before freezing weather.

Joy:

9 Write to the Readers’ Service for
1 02 suggestions about garden furniture

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OcrTosBeER, 1910

FOR FALL PLANTING

BULBS PLANTS SEEDS

Our large and complete stock enables you to select
for your fall planting, quickly and wisely.

te are Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Crocuses, Easter
Lilies, Japanese Hardy Lilies, and a big assortment
pf allother balbelendiecedstom tall planting.

FOR THE GARDEN AND LAWN

We have everything here needed to make your garden a success

Send for free and descriptive catalogue.

“BUDS”
“BONORA” re"

Use it now on flowering plants of all
kinds, chrysan hemums, etc., and it will
} bring about most marvelous results. An
application now will keep your plants in
fine healthy condi ion th oughont the Fall
and Winter, and enable them to withstand
the severe weather. The life-¢ ‘ving prop-
ertics diffused by ‘* BONORA,”’ espe-
cially at this time of the year, has a lasting
and permanent effect. Order through
\J your Seedsman or direct.
jj Put up in dry form in all size packages
as follows:

Mailed on request

76 Barclay Street, New York City
Dept. A vt C. R. GLOECKNER, Pres.

HOW TO GROW Se eS

A splendid rose manual—telling how to
cultivate, fertilize, spray and mulch
roses. Invaluable to every lover of the
Queen of Flowers. ailed for ro
cents—send today. Box 24

Surplus Roots from an Ama-
teurs Garden. Mixed colors.
75 cents dozen.

MRS. J. T. LOVE
Hyde P. O. Maryland

German
Iris

rlb., analng ze gallons, postpaid, Fe: 65
5 ibs., oe 50
zolbs., ‘* oe Oo e 75

50 Ibs., “¢ 1120 *
BONORA CHEMICAL CO.
488-492 Broadway, cor. Broome Street

ew York

22.50

TRY THE NEW NURSERY

Our land is fresh. Our plants are healthy, as certified by State Inspection

SS a a eee ey Shade SYCAMORE MAPLES 15c. each

THE BEAUTIFUL BLOOD = ROOT RED OAKS 2-4 ft. $ 1.50 per doz.
Also Coreopsis tripteris, Mitchella repens, Trees ENGLISH OAKS 10.00 per 100
Hepatica triloba, Phlox divaricata, Dog-
Bees, Viblce, Gece use eee Menaae Hardy By the hundied .... 5c. each
doz. postpaid. Sixty different natives, $5.00 B the fift : 6c. each
postpaid. A pkt. of Tall Blue Bellflower = y b/metnC coy oc sg
seed with list for 25c. erenmnialS By the dozn ..... 10c. each

AMERICAN NATIVE NURSERY, Greenfield, Mich.

DO wWixr TO BE A BETTER SHOT?

Write us and we will give you some good pointers. We will
also send information *bout Guns and Rifles.

J. Stevens Arms & TooiCo., Dept. 284, Chicopee Falls, Mass.

16 little trees for $2.00. _ White Fir, Nord-
mann’s Fir, Silver Fir, Lawson's Cypress,
Exton Larch, Norway Spruce, Colorado

pruce, Red Spruce, Sitka Spruce, Cana-

Evergreen
apn Hemlock, Austrian Pine, Jack Pine,

Collection Bull Pine, White Pine, Norway Pine.
RALPH E. DANFORTH, EAST JAFFREY, N. H.

“Sau KING SPREADER ONLY
TRY IT Distributes Lime, Ashes, Fertilizers, Bone Meal{ %15-00
Ee and fine Compost evenly from 100 Ibs. to 2 tons to 25.00
: acre. In Three sizes, cleans itself. Simple, best 35.00
TAKE made. We prove our confidence by terms. o
a Se KING WEEDER CO., Richmond, Va. ree
GET A SAMPLE AT NO MONEY COST PLAN. aid.

The Fireless Cook Book

By MARGARET J. MITCHELL

This book explains in a simple way how to make and use this in-
vention, which has only recently become known, but has already proved
itself a real labor-saving, economical implement.

Including, as it does, 250 recipes, the volume must soon become a
necessity to all up-to- date housekeepers. Nineteen pen-and-ink drawings.

Net ‘$1.25 (postage, 12c.)
Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 E. 16th St., New York

Our “‘ Guide to Good Books”’

is sent free upon request

Plant
Hardy
Roses

In October

and Have an
Abundance of
Flowers the

Following June 27>
Druschki ©

In this and similar climates the best time to
plant all Hardy Roses is in the month of Octo-
ber, say after the roth, when the plants will be
ripened and in first-class condition to ship with
safety.

We shall have for the coming season an un-
usually large supply, embracing all the choice
older varieties and the newer sorts which have
been tested the past season and can now be
offered with confidence. Illustrated descriptive
catalogue on request.

ELLWANGER & BARRY
Mount Hope Nurseries

Rochester, New York

An illustrated book, which tells
FREE =: what potash is and how it should
be used, sent free to all applicants.

German Kali Works, Continental Building, Baltimore, Md.

Handsome Book Free—17.¢223

Planet Jr catalogue of Farm and Garden Implements.

Write for it to-day.

S.L. ALLEN & Co, Box 1108S, Philadelphia, Pa.
PORTLAND

ATLAS GEMENT

MAKES THE BEST CONCRETE
If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas, write to
THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT co., ‘nuit
30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK

Largest productive capacity of ane cement company in the world.
Over 50,000 barrels per day.

Three Magazines
For Every Home

COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA

Beautiful, practical,

$4.00 a year.

THE WORLD’S WORK
interpreting to-day’s history.
$3.00 a year.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE—
FARMING

telling how to make things grow.
$1.50 a year.

entertaining.

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

® THE WoRLD's WoRK (C2) ‘THe GARDEN
MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEw YORK.

OcToBeER, 1910

:

THE GARDEN

I
5 iH Hata
A

eee

nO
mT TF

| ‘cuits abun janine Tn
i i ee
|

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to ’t with delight.” —Aztony and Cleopatra

MAGAZINE

any Chaneges—Please Note

ADDRESS US AFTER OCTOBER 1s7,
1910, AT GARDEN CITY, LONG
ISLAND, N. Y.

We are sorry to have to do it, but if our
friends will bear with us for about six weeks
or two months we think we shall never again
have to ask for leniency.

About the time this magazine reaches our
readers we expect to be in the spasm of mov-
ing. In the confusion of new building, new
machinery and new surroundings, we may
make mistakes.

You Will Also Find Us at our New Book-
Store in the Pennsylvania Station, 33rd Street
and 7th Avenue.

Here we have a fuliy equipped bookstore,
and you are especially invited to visit us.
On September 8, 1910, New York moved
twenty minutes nearer Long Island.

Next month we will give you the time table
and particulars, and we hope to see all our
friends some time this fall, at Garden City

COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA
20C. A NUMBER

On November 1st, and twice a month
thereafter, you can buy Country Life in
America for 20 cents a copy at the news-
stands, except the Christmas number, and
your subscription of $4.00 a -year will bring
you 24 issues a year, and as good as we can
make them.

Country Life in America is not returnable.
To be sure to get it you will have to order
from your newsdealer. Already we have
been obliged to increase the size of the mid-
monthly issue and so far as indications go
this is the best move Country Life in America
has ever made.

The first mid-monthly issue (November
15th) will be largely devoted to “The In-
side of the Country House,” and Mr. Louis
C. Tiffany has acted as the Consulting
Editor. He says: “Beauty in the home
has little or nothing to do with the amount
of money spent; extravagance does not
produce beauty; and most of our richest

people, like some of our poor people, have
not yet come to see the value of good taste.
Simplicity, and not the amount of money
spent, is the foundation of all really effective
decoration. In fact, money is frequently
an absolute bar to good taste, for it leads
to show and over-elaboration.’”’ The mid-
monthly issues will be especially devoted to
what may be done with moderate expense —
the high cost of living should make country
life more desirable and pleasant.

Coming issues and their consulting editors
are:

December. “Winter Joys.”
roughs, Consulting Editor.

John Bur-

January. “Motor.” Charles T. Glidden,
Consulting Editor. :
February. “Bungalow.” J. M. Carrere,

Consulting Editor.

March. “Back to the Land.” Liberty H.
Bailey Consulting Editor.

We think we are doing well for our readers:
may you like the enlarged and widened field.

LAYING THE CORNER STONE

On August roth, the corner stone of our
new building was laid. It is quite true that
the building had gone far beyond the founda-
tions, but in these days when the brick-work
on steel frame buildings often begins on the
third or fourth story, the occasion seemed
to be not too strange. We reprint here the
story of the day copied from the Boston
Transcript.

ROOSEVELT FOR COUNTRY LIFE

HE LAYS CORNER STONE OF DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & co’s
NEW COUNTRY LIFE BUILDING AT
GARDEN CITY, L. I.

Garden City, L. I., Aug. 20 — Colonel Theodore
Roosevelt came out here yesterday to lay the corner
stone of the building which is the central feature of
the Country Life Press Gardens of Doubleday, Page
& Company, publishers, who will move their book
and periodical plant from East Sixteenth Street,
New York City, out here early in the autumn. After
handling a trowel that had been used for fifty years,
and after the stone had been set, Colonel Roosevelt

made a speech about the wisdom of getting city people
into the country, a plan whith the publishing company
seemed to be adopting, he said, and which he himself
had lorg advocated. He said:

“As I have become an editor myself, I have to
come out here. Then this was putting into practice
what I preached for quite a time, that people should
go out into the country. I am not sure, looking
along the road by which I came here, that this is the
kind of genuine country that we have in parts of
Nassau County, but it is pretty good as far as it goes.
And, seriously speaking, my friends, I felt that I
ought to come out here and wish success to this ven-
ture, not only because of the high regard in which I
hold the men who are doing it, but because I feel
that it is so important more and more to spread the
city work out into the country regions. I feel that
everything that tends to spread the population as it
becomes congested in the great cities, everything
that gives more chance for fresh air to the men, the
women, and, above all, to the children, counts for
just so much more in the development of our civic
life.

“And therefore I hail any effort of this kind. I
hope that it means that those connected with it in
every capacity will be more apt than before to live in
the country, for their own sakes and especially for
the sake of their children. I feel that this should be
particularly so with a magazine dealing with country
life. That magazine ought to practise what it
preaches; when it preaches living in the land it should
come as near doing it as possible. I firmly believe
that the next two generations of mankind will have
to set seriously to work to solve the problem of living
under the necessary conditions of health, at the same
time arranging for the necessary transaction of busi-
ness. Business now is combined, is concentrated as
never before, and the demands are such that men are
obliged to work together, to work under circumstances
of great concentration. We have got to have more
scattering out of the people over the land. That is
one of the great problems that our children will have
to face, and I am glad that this body of men have set
themselves to do part of the work of facing it. Now
I didn’t intend to come here and make an address, and
I especially didn’t intend to preach to you, but, you
see, I have dropped into it without fully intending to.
And so I shall refrain from saying what I should like
to say about the bringing up of children and other
kindred subjects. I heartily wish you weil and am
very glad to be out with you this afternoon.”

THE NEW KIPLING BOOK “REWARDS AND

FAIRIES ”

It is a great pleasure to announce a new
book entitled “Rewards and Fairies” by
Mr. Kipling. This will be ready October 6th.

Our New Large-flowered Marsh Mallow

ROSES, in all kinds and varréties
EVERGREENS and CONIFERS,
in several hundred kindsand varieties
RHODODENDRONS, Hardy ENG-
LISH HYBRIDS, Maximum and
Catawbiense
BOXWOOD, in all shapes, forms and

sizes :
HARDY AZALEAS, in all varieties
and colors

The Readers’ Service gives
injormation about investments

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OcTOBER, 1910

Intending purchasers should visit our Nursery and

inspect the

material we grow. We have experienced

men to advise you, and the completeness of our as-
sortment will insure you of securing the proper

material for every location.

most fertile

FLOWERING SHRUBS, in bush
and standard forms in hundreds
of kinds and varieties
JAPANESE MAPLE, in all colors
and varieties

SHADE TREES, in hnndreds of

useful and attractive varieties
MAGNOLIAS and other FLOWER-
ING TREES

position to fill orders of any magnitude.

Having 250 acres of the
ground under cultivation places us in a

WEEPING and STANDARD Interiorand Exterior DECORATIVE
TREES in many varieties PLANTS, in large variety
HEDGE PLANTS, in all popular PALMS and BAY TREES by the

kinds, Japanese Berberis, Calif. thousands

Privet, etc. Pot-grown FORCING PLANTS,
HARDY VINES and CLIMBERS Autumn Delivery
DOS FRUIT-TREES, home-grown, _im-
AUTUMN BULBS, Hyacinths, Tul- ported, DWARF and TRAINED
ips, Crocus, Daffodils, etc.

Field of Privet in Our Nursery

SMALL FRUIT, in all kinds and
varieties
OLD FASHIONED, Hardy FLOW-
ERING, PLANTS, in thousands
of kinds and varieties
PAEONIAS, IRIS, PHLOX, FERNS,
HARDY GRASS

KITCHEN HERBS and ROOTS

We manufacture HEART CYPRESS TUBS in all shapes and sizes.
We PLAN and PLANT grounds and gardens everywhere.
VISITORS to our nurseries are always welcome.

Our ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE No. 25 will be a helpful
guide to intending purchasers.

Send for our illustrated catalogue

We plan and plant Grounds and Gardens everywhere.
The general supervision of public grounds and private
estates a specialty,

Nurserymen Importers Florists
RUTHERFORD, N. J.

Planters

pany on my Live Oaks and Magnolias beg to say they are
very much improved, and we think they are good for a great
many years more. From my experience, I think it is very
necessary to have trees gone over by your method, and it
improves them very much.’’

The Davey Men Go South for the Winter Campaign

Tree surgery cannot be practised at the north during the rigors of win-
ter. As soon as cold weather comes, therefore, the Davey experts move
southward. In the milder climate they can work without interruption,
and, in fact, to better advantage than in summer. Routes for the win-
ter Campaign are uow under consideration, and southern home owners
who wish their trees treated this winter are invited to write at once for
full particulars. Tellus how many trees you have, what kind and
where they are located. We may be able to favor you with their
inspection at an early date without cost.

A booklet on tree surgery free to every person who writes us.

THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY, Inc,
1510 Oak Street, KENT, OHIO
Operating the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery)

The Readers’ Servi: 1
Oct OBER, 1910 Aly H E G A R D E N M A G A Lb, I N E Galcenaalion about die iace

OCTOBER, 1910

COVER DESIGN — Hydrangeas and Lilies
PAGE

Dunes FOR OCTOBER . < : ee ie ik br etl.) LOF7 EVAPORATING FRUIT ON A SMALL SCALE
REJUVENATING THE OLD APPLE TREE er CoV ariis 108 How My Burp-CEeLLtar SUCCEEDED
Phot th
CO Sea Roe: ’ Dusty Miter as A HARDY BEDDING PLANT
Wuat Brincs BED Gea | LO BES Uy ee ae Goodrich 112 Photographs by the author
t Nat . t
horapr itn More ABOUT CRINUMS .....
PRACTICAL AND IMPRACTICAL IDEAS FROM ENGLAND P B N
Wilhelm Miller 114 ESSE gE ae a
Photographs by E. J. Wallis GROWING SWEET PEAS IN THE Sonne .
REAL Facts ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF FALL PLANTING VS. Photo prap iby fheanthon
SPRING PLANTING . eeene 6 78 How Many Tuties tn A RounpD BED?
Photographs by N. R. Genes and \aame Morton FLOWERS FOR A TEN- ACRE Lor . i
WHEN TO PLANT PEONIES . . eas ase |. 29 Photograph by N, R. Graves"
Tours or Vesterpay for GaRvENs or To-pav . John Nott 12 3 THE CALENDULA’s Two Sorts oF Brossoms
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves Photographs by the author
Seaton eEPERIENCE ©PUR | 1 2 4 2. . 8 kee 125 DIGGING THE GARDEN IN FALL
2
CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE . . . Ellen Eddy Shaw 126 ANOTHER Way TO Start RosE CuttTINcs
Photographs by H. E. Angell and others _ Photograph by the author
GETTING THE BETTER OF Earty Frost . . W.C.McCollom 128 ar ESSERE Ey TDRSS AT
Photographs by the author
BULBS FOR CALIFORNIA GARDENS . . . Sydney B. Mitchell 128 FLOWERS FOR NINE MontTHS . . .
WorkK IN THE APPLE ORCHARD . . SE eEericnki7s, 126 A SHRUB FOR SEASHORE PLANTING. .
Photographs by the awtite Photograph by Nathan R. Sarre

oe WILHELM MILLER, Eprror—Coryricur, 1910, 8y DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

Single Copies 15 cts.

Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879
F. N. DousLepay, President WALTER H. Pace, Hersert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanter, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer

105

A. G. Eldredge

Hf. F.. Grinstead
. Florence Dixon
. .C.L. Meller

J. N. Gerard
Thomas J. Steed
E. W. Oettinger

. .C.L. Meller
- A.S. Adams

. C. F. Saunders

. W. R. Gilbert
A. G. Whitley

. F. H. Moore
. W. B. Graves
Daniel A. Clarke

PAGE
129
130
130
130
132
132
136
138

For Foreign Postage

add 6sc.

For Canada add 35¢.

Livingston’s “True Blue Quality” Hyacinths, Tulips,
Narcissi, Etc., Should Be Planted This Month

Every year we import a lot of bulbs from Holland—the best that the country produces. In many cases we pay extra

prices in order to secure extra quality—the kind that is necessary to please users of ““True Blue” Seeds.
Readers of the Garden Magazine are invited to take their pick of the bargains offered below.

Narcissus Emperor and N. Victoria Keizerskroon Tulips

are among the finest Single Daffodils ever sent | as illustrated to right are the showiest single Tulips
out. See illustration in colors on front | in cultivation. Well suited for creating showy bor-
cover of our catalog. One dozen of each | ders and beds. Color, brilliant scarlet, each petal
sort, 2 dozen fine bulbs in all, for only | broadly edged with golden yellow. To readers of the
. Garden Magazine the price is 4c. each; 35c. per doz.;

75 Cents, Postpaid $2.50 per 100 delivered free in U. S.

$1.00 “Success” Collection of Bulbs $1.00

is a great dollar’s worth of the best bulbs for winter-blooming. The
bulbs included are of top-notch quality, represent the most desirable
varieties, will grow and bloom freely. Our ‘‘Success’’ Collection
will give the very best results, producing beautiful flowers with the
greatest ease. Try it. We guarantee that you will be pleased.

4 Hyacinths, all different colors 6 Freesia

6 Roman Hyacinths, early, pure white 6 Oxalis

4 Polyanthus Narcissus, assorted 1 Large White Calla Lily
4 of Livingston’s Giant-Flowering Paper White Narcissus

Delivered anywhere ix the United States for $7.00

Livingston’s Guide to Fall Planting

contains all the information you need to make raising of flowers
from bulbs a success. It’s a dependable guide with truthful illustra-
tions, honest descriptions and fair prices.

We could produce things cheaper, but that would not be serving
our customers right. If you are anxious to secure prompt service,
quality-goods and liberal treatment write for our free Fall Catalog
today and become acquainted with us.

The Livingston Seed Co., 659 High St., Columbus, 0.

ees

—n

106 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctToBeER, 1910

OR FALL PLANTING

ne ps Lilies are better for Fall planting, but many varieties
ee: of Japanese Lilies do not arrive from Japan before the
ground freezes up. There is one method, however,
by which they can be planted late in November or
in December, and that is to cover the ground in
which they are to be planted before it freezes
with 8 to 12 inches of stable manure. This
will prevent the ground from freezing, and the
manure can be removed and the Lilies planted upon
their arrival. We will not deliver until Spring any
varieties of Lilies which do not arrive until after
hard freezing weather, unless instructed otherwise.
We repack in sand Lilies arriving too late for Fall
delivery and store them in a cold cellar until Spring, when
they are delivered as early as possible.

LILIUM SUPERBUM

If there is a more satisfactory Lily, or hardy plant of any kind
than our splendid native Superbum Lily, we do not know
it. Either in the garden or for naturalizing it cannot be surpassed.
In good soil it will grow eight feet high and produce twenty to
thirty of its beautiful orange-red flowers in July, when bloom in
the garden is not over plentiful. For vigor and reliability they
are unequaled. Ten years ago we planted several hundred in
the rough part of the grounds of one of our customers. They have
been allowed to take care of themselves ever since and take their
chance with the grass and other wild plants that have tried to
crowd them out, but there were more of them and they were finer
this season than ever before. We have secured a very large stock of
first-class bulbs, which we offer at specially low prices for immediate
delivery. Extra selected bulbs, 12 for $1.25, 25 for $2.25, 100 for $7.00,
250 for $16.50, 500 for $27.00, 1,000 for $50.00.
Candidum (Madonna, or Annunciation Lily). This isthe old-fashioned
garden Lily, and one of the most beautiful. Bulbs are now ready and

they should be planted immediately. 12 for $1.50, 100 for $10.00.

JAPANESE LILIES wovenste

Auratum (Gold-banded Lily) Per doz. Per ]00 Speciosum album. Per doz. Per 100
Bto QDinches........seeeeees $1.10 $7.50 8to Qinches ..........--..- $1.65 $12.00
9toll inches.-... ------es+e 1.75 12.00 9 to Il inches.....-.-----.--- 2.50 18.00
11 to 13 inches.....----------- 2.50 18.00 11 to 13 inches...............- 3.50 25.00

Speciosum Melpomene. Similar
to Rubrum, but more brilliant
in color.

Longiflorum. The Longiflorum
has large, pure white, trumpet-

shaped flowers like the Bermu- Fe Ones 1.35 9.00
da ecee Lily, but is perfectly 9 eli inch ae 175 13:00
B\tom7ninches tease cericsrisc eects 55 3.50 Speciosum Rubrum or Roseum.
6to Sinches .-.--.-.---.-+--- 75 4.50 Pink. 8 to 9 inches ......... 1.25 7.50
7to Qinches....-.ssseees.-+ee 1.00 7.50 Q9to 12 inches................ 1.75 11.50
9 to 1O0inches.....-....+------- 1.60 11.00 Monster Bulbs .-...-.......... 2.40 17.00
The Speciosum varieties of Japanese Lilies are most beautiful and of the easiest culture.
Vi LILIES geemeee
NA TI : IMMEDIATE DELIVERY
Canadense flavum. Per doz. Per 100 Per doz. Per 100
i i i ily; ful Canadense rubrum. Red flowers. A most
Ouida beautiel pete Ty see $1.50 $10.00 losele and graceful Lily; fine for planting in
Canadense mixed ..-----s---0+-+e+- e008 75 5.50 the grass of orchards .r meadows.- --.-- $1.50 $10.00

Philadelphicum. Orange-red with black spots 1.00 7.00 Grayi. A dainty little Lily of great beauty.... 3.00 20.00

Our Fall Catalogue, containing a complete list of Japanese, Amertcan and European Lilies, Hardy Plants, Roses, Shrubs,
Trees, Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, and everything suitable for Fall planting, will be sent on request. New customers are
requested to send references or remittances With their orders.

ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY

Mm [sie PITTSBURG, PA.

LILIUM SUPERBUM

-
5
7

7 - 7

VoL. XII—No. 3

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

mi)

Le st

N

REMI

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is

generally taken as astandard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

Duties for October

EXT year’s garden must have its
foundations laid now. Of course
everybody knows that bulbs (tulips, hya-
cinths, crocuses, etc.) must be planted
in the fall to get flowers next spring, but
a great many people seem to forget the
opportunities for a great deal of other
planting during this month.

Practically all deciduous trees, flower-
ing shrubs and herbaceous plants can be
planted in the fall. The notable excep-
tions are:

1. Trees having thick, spongy roots like
magnolias.

2. Trees having thin, paper-like bark,
such as the birches.

3. Plants, bulbs, and roots of delicate
nature that do not flower until late summer
or early fall. These include Japanese
anemone, hardy chrysanthemums, _ tri-
toma, and yucca. Wait until April or
May to plant these.

No one can answer categorically whether
you should or should not plant in the
fall. It is a case for individual judgment,
but if you will read the symposium pub-
lished elsewhere in this number you will
surely be able to decide this question for
yourself. One guiding principle, however,
you should bear in mind, —the earlier
the work is done, the better. Plants that
flower very early in the spring are much
better planted in the fall, and some of the
spring bloomers must be planted now or
not at all.

Other Duties for the Moment

REPARE your compost for use next
spring. Gather together all garden
refuse and fallen leaves and put together in
a pile; add some stable manure if you can
get it; mix some loam, or, better still,

arden Magazine

OCTOBER, 1910

some sods taken from a pasture and turned
upside down. Stack these all together for
the winter. This will be splendid compost
for everything in the garden when it is
chopped down in the spring. Do not let
fallen leaves go to waste, anyhow. Gather
them together; stack them in some con-
venient place; turn them and water them
twice in the summer and they will
be ready for use in the fall for digging
into beds. It will take two years to
rot oak leaves sufficiently for potting
soil.

START A HOTBED

Of course you want a hotbed next
spring to start early vegetables, flower
seeds, etc. Better begin preparations
now. You will want good soil. Select a
well-drained site. Provide shelter against
storms. Tight board fences eight or ten
feet high are excellent. This should be
on the north side.

If your garden soil is stiff and heavy
and cold, plow it up and leave it rough
all winter. The action of frost is a great
improver, and you may be able to plant
two or three weeks earlier than usual,
when spring comes.

IN THE GARDEN AND GROUNDS

Get ready for the coming winter. Clear
up herbaceous plants. Cut out dead wood
from the shrubbery.

Have you ever stopped to think that
that ancient neglected apple tree of yours
may be worth fifty to a hundred dollars ?

If it is one of the good old varieties, such .

as the Baldwin, prune it and otherwise
renovate it this month, and then see if
it will not pay a big enough fruit dividend
to establish its claim to be worth fifty to
a hundred dollars to you. There will be
an “extra dividend” every May, when
the few days of glorious bloom alone make
the preservation of an old apple tree well
worth while.

IN THE GARDEN

Don’t kill your foxgloves with kindness;
ditto Canterbury bells. Both have soft
foliage and are apt to rot if a heavy cover-
ing of leaves presses down on them. In
the writer’s Connecticut garden they
stand the winter with leaves scattered
over them so lightly that few are on the
crown. If there must be a heavy cover-
ing, have it loose above the crowns and
then roof over with cornstalks laid across
slats placed high enough to let in a little
air. Never cover foxgloves with manure;
that is one of the surest ways to kill
them.

) ONE DOLLAR FIFTY CENTS A YEAR
| FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy

Lilies can be planted later than you
realize. Prepare the ground without delay
and cover the bed with a foot of manure
to keep the frost out. Then, when the
late bulbs arrive from Japan, you can
plant them easily and safely —even after
the end of December.

After the tops are cut by frost, lift
roots of the tender summer-flowering
bulbs, — dahlias, cannas, gladioli, tube-
roses, elephant-ear, and tigridia. Tuberoses
are particularly tender and must not
suffer a temperature below forty degrees.

VEGETABLES FOR WINTER

Now is the time to plant lettuce for
Christmas forcing. Sow tomatoes for
crops under glass. Almost any variety
will answer, but special forcing tomatoes,
which all up-to-date seedsmen offer, will
give superior results.

If you want to get the best azaleas and
lily-of-the-valley, place your orders now.
The stock arrives from Europe in No-
vember.

Fighting the Insects

| ees over orchard and all other large
trees, and if insects and worms have
been prevalent, scour with a wire brush.
Sweep up and burn the leaves and litter
from infected grounds.

Gather apples after they have been
fully ripened on the trees. Gather pears
before they are fully ripe and let them
mature under cover. Winter pears must
be gathered before there is any danger
of freezing.

VISITING THE FLOWER SHOWS

Every large city and a great many
smaller ones have their annual flower
shows in October or November. If every
reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE would
take his or her active part in promoting
these events, what a wonderful stimulus
would be given to gardening all over the
land. If possible, be an exhibitor. If
not, visit the show and learn your -short-
comings. Strive to obtain results of
“Exhibition Standard.” At all events,
do something for the public good.

LAST CALL FOR CHRISTMAS BLOOM

September 15th is the latest date to
pot Roman hyacinths for Christmas
bloom. The bulbs want six weeks to
root, and two months in the house.

If you have plants outdoors that are
to be brought in for winter, keep them
out so long as the weather remains mild,
but place them under shelter any frosty
nights.

Not worth renovating. The first heavy crop of fruit would break it down.
The tree is top-heavy as a result of grafting a strong-growing variety on a
slow-growing stock. Trunk shows graft made about thirty years ago

A pioneer apple-tree, probably one hundred and fifty years old. Although
badly neglected, it is still producing large quantities of very poor fruit. It
seldom pays to renovate a tree that is more than fifty years old

Rejuvenating the Old Apple Tree—By C. D. Jarvis, sx

THE SCARCITY OF GOOD APPLES BECAUSE OF THE DESTRUCTION OF THE OLD ORCHARDS—
HOW TO STOP THIS SERIOUS WASTE AND PUT FRESH LIFE INTO THE OLD PLANTATIONS

| Raia is probably no more familiar
object about the country home, and
none that gives to the family more real
enjoyment, than the little group of apple
trees behind the house. Some of us are
privileged to go back
home occasionally 5—
and sample the fruit
from the old Baldwin
apple-tree. ‘The ap-
ples do not taste the
same as they did a
few years ago. We
say our taste has
changed; but the
change is not as
much in our taste as
it is in the quality of
the fruit. The trees
have been so long
neglected that they
are unable to pro-
duce normal fruit.
The demand for
apples is constantly
becoming greater.
The population of
the United States has
been nearly doubled
within the past thirty
years, but the pro-
duction of apples is
constantly decreas-
ing. The combined
crops of the past

A promising tree to renovate.

three seasons barely exceed the single crop
of 1896. ‘This falling off is largely due to
the neglect and the destruction of the old
orchards of the Northeastern States.

It certainly seems strange that right here

108

It does not require severe cutting back

in the cradle of the apple industry of America
there should be so many neglected orchards.
Many of these orchards, ranging in size all
the way from a few trees along the roadside
or line fence to the more pretentious com-
mercial plantings of
many acres, are now
being renovated. A
few of the owners
have made a change
of front and have de-
cided that the apple
orchard is worthy of
better treatment, but
the greatest improve-
ment may be seen in
orchards that have
‘changed hands.”

CAUSES OF FAILURE

The management
of an apple orchard
may be likened to a
chain, the weakest
link of which is the
measure of -its
strength. Many
people spend much
time and money on
one or two opera-
tions, and neglect
other equally impor-
tant factors. ‘There
is no use in pruning
and tillingan orchard

i
be

OcTroBeER, 1910

if the fruit is allowed to be eaten up by
insects or disfigured by diseases.

The most common cause of failure is
probably simple starvation. In many cases
crop after crop of apples has been removed
without the application of a single pound
of fertilizer to make up for the continuous
drain upon the supply of plant-food in the
soil. Not only have repeated crops of apples
been removed, but annual crops of hay and
pasturage have often been taken from the
orchard plot. Apples grown under such
conditions are usually small and lacking in
flavor. The effect of starvation is just as
clearly manifested in the apple as the effect
of poor feeding upon the quality of pork
or beef.

Next to starvation the most frequent form
of neglect is the failure to control the com-
mon insects and diseases that affect the
apple. The San José scale is responsible
for the destruction of thousands of trees in
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York,
and is now rapidly spreading northward
through Vermont, New Hampshire, and
Maine. If an infested tree is not sprayed,
it may as well be grubbed out, for it will no
longer produce fruit fit for consumption
except possibly in the form of cider. The
tree may struggle along for many years and
produce more or less fruit, but it will always
be a source of infection for the other trees
in the neighborhood.

It is very difficult to estimate the ac-
tual loss from the ravages of scale in New
England, for the depredations are not

limited to the commercial orchards. On

the contrary the greatest loss has been
sustained by small
growers who believe
that the few trees
behind the house or
along the roadside
do not warrant the
trouble and expense
necessary for their
protection.

IS IT WORTH WHILE ?

Before spending
any time or money
on an old apple-tree
we must first decide
whether it is worth
while. Many trees
are so closely con-
nected with the fam-
ily traditions that
they form an inher-
ent part of the home.
Others are so agree-
ably situated in the
home surroundings
that they have an es-
thetic value that can-
not be expressed in
mere money worth.
These extrinsic con-
siderations need not
affect the present dis-
cussion except with
regard to the age at
which trees may be

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

profitably renovated. From the stand-
point of dollars and cents it will seldom
pay to attempt the renovation of a tree that
is over fifty years of age, but the lives of
trees much older than this may be greatly
prolonged by judicious treatment. The
maximum age of an apple-tree grown under
favorable conditions is not known, but,
in spite of neglect, there are many sturdy
specimens in New England that have passed
the century mark.

Among other factors that s.ou-d be con-
sidered in a venture of this kind may be
mentioned vigor, soil adaptation, the form
of the tree, and the attitude of the owner.
The rejuvenction of trees that have become
much weakened from the attacks of San
José scale, canker worm, or other pests is
a difficult task, and the chances for success
are much greater with trees that have simply
been starved or otherwise neglected. Trees
with long trunks, or those that have been
headed very high, are very difficult to handle
and as a rule would be more profitably used
as fire-wood. The success of the under-
taking will depend more upon the attitude
of the man than upon any other factor. The
chief qualifications on his part are courage,
determination, and common-sense.

PRUNING

There are no hard and fast rules to be
followed in the matter of rejuvenating an
apple-tree. It is doubtful whether any two
men would employ the same methods, and
it is doubtful also, so far as pruning is con-
cerned, whether any two trees should be
treated in the same way. Briefly stated, it

This tree has been pruned, as shown by the brush, but it is too high and should be ‘‘dehorned”’ at the
point indicated by the white line

109

consists simply of pruning to correct the
faults of previous management and of ra-
tional tilling, feeding, and spraying to main-
tain a normal growth.

Many of the orchards are so closely planted
that the branches are locking arms in mortal
combat, and the owner must take a hand in
the fight if he wants to get the most from his
trees. This is best done by taking out every
alternate row, diagonally, of the orchard,
leaving the trees of the second row opposite
the trees of the first row. Care should be
observed in selecting the diagonal rows that
have in them the greatest number of unde-
sirable trees. A chart should be prepared
during the summer, indicating the position
of every tree. The desirable, the undesi-
rable, and the missing trees may be desig-
nated by different marks. From this chart
it will be easy to decide which diagonal rows
willinclude the largest number of desirable
trees. The trees may be removed at any
time, but is usually done during the dormant
season when the work of pruning is in
progress.

It will require courage to remove strong
healthy trees, but it will pay and should be
regarded as one form of pruning. We do
not hesitate to remove a large branch for
the benefit of the remaining portion of the
tree, so why should we hesitate to remove
an occasional tree when we know that it will
benefit the rest of the orchard? To get the
best results there should be an open space
surrounding each tree for the purpose of
admitting light and air and to facilitate the
various orchard operations. It has been
demonstrated by examining the records
of hundreds of or-
chards, that the far-
ther apart the trees
are, within certain
limits, the greater
the yield, and the
benefit will not be
so much in the in-
creased yield as in
the improved ap-
pearance of the fruit.

THINNING OUT

The next step after
removing the super-
fluous trees is to thin
out the» individual
trees. All dead
branches must, of
course, be removed
and as a rule two-
thirds of the living
wood should come
out. The important
point about this work
is to thin in such a
way as to leave a
well-balanced struc-
ture. Trees with a
central leader should
have the entire centre
removed. To avoid
injury to the remain-
ing portion of the
tree, it is often nec-

110

essary to remove this large branch in sec-
tions. The final cut may be as large as eight
or ten inches in diamter. Trees that have
not this upright tendency will simply need to
be thinned out and cut back or “‘dehorned.”

The severity of the treatment in this
respect will depend upon the age and vigor
of the tree. A tree that is fairly vigorous
should not be so severely treated as an old
and seriously neglected one. Some very
weak trees will stand to be cut back to a
point not more than three or four feet from
the trunk. A high-headed tree should be
more severely dealt with than one that is
naturally low and spreading in habit. Some
people prefer to cut back about half of the
branches the first season and the other half
the following year. Good results may be
expected from either method. The essential
point about the whole operation is to form
a new head at a position nearer the ground
so that the various orchard operations may
be more conveniently performed. ‘The final
result should be a well-balanced structure
that will carry a large crop of fruit and that
will admit plenty of air and sunlight.

All side branches should be cut off smooth-
ly and parallel with the parent branch. In
heading-in, the large branches should be cut
back to a side branch. This treatment
will allow the wound to heal over readily
and will avoid the dead stubs so commonly
observed in neglected orchards. All the
large wounds should be painted over to
prevent the access of wood-destroying fungi.
Paint suitable for the purpose may be made
from ordinary white lead and boiled oil.
A little coloring matter may be added if
desired. The painting is best done a few
days aiter the pruning, to allow time for the
cut surface to dry.

All ‘“‘moss” and rough bark should be
scraped off. A dull hoe with a short handle
is best suited for this purpose. The scraping
should be done lightly to avoid injury to the
living bark. Only the dry scales or the dead
bark should be removed. The work of
scraping is not especially necessary, but will
facilitate the matter of controlling insects
and will give the trees a better appearance.

WHEN 10 PRUNE

Pruning may be done any day from the
time the leaves begin to drop in the fall till

Trees that have become very weak from the effects of scale or other troubles
should be severely dealt with

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

the sap begins to run in the spring. With
trees that have been severely pruned in the
winter there is usually a great growth of
suckers or water-sprouts the following season.
It is often advisable, therefore, to remove
some of these water-sprouts during the
month of July of the first season. This
work consists simply in selecting the most
desirable sprouts for the new head, and cut-
ting out all others. If in doubt about the
most desirable ones to retain, it would be
well to leave several and make the selection
the following winter.

CHANGING VARIETY BY TOP-GRAFTING

Around most country homes may be found
a number of “‘wild apple-trees” that produce
an abundance of inferior fruit. It is a
common thing also to find in most orchards
a few trees of worthless varieties, or varie-
ties not well adapted to the local conditions.
Such trees, especially those that are in a
thrifty condition, may be readily “worked
over” to some other variety. This practice
has become quite common in New England,
where many of the plantings were limited
to two or three varieties and where the owner
desires to have a succession of varieties
throughout the season.

Of the several methods of top-working
fruit trees the process of cleft-grafting is
more commonly employed. ‘The first step
is to select the branches to be grafted; there
may be as many as eight on a full-grown
apple-tree. They should be selected with
the ultimate result in mind, and for this
reason it is well to pick out branches near
the lower part of the tree; and they should
be well distributed. The larger branches
are not so suitable for this purpose as the
smaller ones. Best results will follow the
use of branches not more than two inches
in diameter. With vigorous trees it is
usually best to graft about half the desired
number of branches the first season, and the
remainder the following year.

WHEN TO GRAFT

The work is always done during the grow-
ing season. Best results will be had if it is
done when the sap is flowing freely. The
scions, the small cuttings that are used for
the purpose, should be gathered during
the previous fall just after the leaves drop.

OctToBeER, 1910

They are usually packed in moist sand and
stored in a cool cellar or are buried in soil
on the north side of a building. The scions
should be selected from well-ripened wood
of the last season’s growth and from trees of
the desired variety. A twig that is a foot
in length will make about three scions.
Each scion should have about three buds.

When everything is in readiness, the work
consists simply in making a cleft by splitting
the stub to a depth of not more than three
inches and inserting a couple of scions that
have had their bases cut in the form of a
long slender wedge. The wedge part of
the scion is usually made a little thicker on
one side than the other. The scions are
placed at opposite sides of the cleft and with
their thicker edges outward. The essential
thing about the work is in getting the inner
bark of the scion in contact with the inner
bark of the stub. For this reason the scion
is usually inserted in a sloping position so
that the inner barks will come in contact at
the point where they cross. A wedge is
usually placed in the cleft to hold it open
while the scions are being inserted, and re-
moved when they are properly adjusted.

The final operation consists in waxing
over the wounded surface to exclude air
and moisture. A suitable wax may be
made by melting together one pound of
tallow, two pounds of beeswax, and four
pounds of resin. The melted wax is then
poured into cold water to harden. When
cool enough to handle, it should be pulled
like taffy until it turns light yellow. The
wax may be prevented from sticking to the
hands by occasionally dipping the latter
into oil. The scions that make a strong
growth during the first season should be
“pinched back” to prevent injury from
strong winds and to induce a spreading
habit. If both grafts grow, the weaker
one may be sawed off, making a sloping cut
through the shoulder of the stub. The
subsequent treatment of a graft should not
differ much from that of a young tree. If
more grafts grow than are needed, they may
be cut out in the fall at the time of removing
any remaining brush of the old variety.

CULTIVATION AND FERTILIZATION

As soon as the ground is dry enough to
work in the spring, the turf should be broken

Trees so closely planted as this should be thinned to one-half. Nothing but
long limbs with a bouquet at the top

OcToBeER, 1910

Water-sprouts — the first sign of neglect

up. This may be done by shallow plowing,
but, on account of the roots being so near
the surface the cut-away harrow will pro-
duce better results. By going over the
ground several times in various directions
the cut-away harrow will put the soil into
fine condition. Where only a few trees
are considered, the soil may be broken up
with a spade. The main object of cultiva-
tion is to maintain a good supply of moisture
in the soil. This is accomplished by keeping
a fine soil mulch on the surface. Cultivation
should be continued persistently until mid-
summer, when a cover crop of rye or clover
should be sown. The latter is preferred
where it may be made to grow. This cover
crop is to be turned under in the following
spring. The turning under of a green crop
of this kind serves several useful purposes,
chief among which is the improving of the
physical and chemical condition of the soil.

The fertilizer treatment for the first year
will consist chiefly in supplying potash, lime,
and phosphoric acid. In view of the stimu-
lating effect of the severe pruning and culti-
vation, it is not advisable to further stimu-
late growth by the application of nitrogenous
fertilizers. The other elements of plant-
food are necessary, however, for the de-
velopment of fruit and for carrying on the
vital processes connected with the develop-
ment of the tree. For the first year, then,
a suitable application would consist of 200
pounds of sulphate or muriate of potash
and 400 pounds of basic slag to the acre.
The quantity required for each tree may
be ascertained by dividing these quantities
by 30. The basic slag contains both
phosphoric acid and lime.

This application should be made annually
and harrowed in in the spring, immediately
after plowing. Stable manure may be

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

substituted for these chemicals, but, as a
rule, it is too strongly nitrogenous for the
first year of renovation. If a cover crop
of clover is turned under every year, there
will be little need of nitrogenous fertilizers.
If the cover crop should fail, however, an
application of 150 pounds of nitrate of soda
to the acre should be applied the following

spring.
THE GRASS MULCH SYSTEM

Good apples may be grown on trees that
are not tilled. A substitute for tillage is
what has come to be known as the grass-
mulch system. Instead of the loose soil
mulch, this system depends upon a mulch
of stable manure, straw, or other coarse
material, to prevent the evaporation of
moisture from the soil. If a liberal mulch
in the form of stable manure is applied,
good results may be expected. A large
wagon load to each tree is not too much.
The mulch should be applied early in the
spring and should be spread out so as to
cover the whole surface of the ground.
There are many cases where it is neither
convenient nor practical to break up the
sod around the apple-trees, and in such
cases this system may be employed to good
advantage. While apples grown on sod are
usually somewhat smaller, they are almost
always more highly colored than those grown
on trees that have been under cultivation.

SAN JOSE SCALE

Probably more trees have been killed
outright by the scale than from any other
cause. With this insect so completely dis-
tributed over the country, spraying becomes
imperative in order to save the trees. For
the control of this pest in small plantations,
the most convenient remedy is the use of
one of the miscible, or so-called “soluble,”
oils. These may be purchased at from
fifty cents to one dollar per gallon, depend-
ing upon the quantity, and each gallon may
be diluted with fifteen parts of water. This
should be applied just after pruning, or
any time before the buds burst. The im-
portant point about the work is to thoroughly
cover every portion of the bark. The insects
are so small that their presence is often un-
observed until much damage has been done.
The concentrated lime-sulphur wash, of
which there are many brands on the market,
when diluted at the rate of one to eight,
may also be depended upon to control the
scale.

SUMMER SPRAYING

Besides the winter spraying for scale, it is
usually necessary, if clean fruit is wanted,
to spray at least once or twice during the
summer for the control of the apple worm,
several kinds of leaf-eating insects, and
certain diseases that are always present.
This summer spray consists of a poison
and a fungicide. The poison most generally
employed is arsenate of lead, which is used
at the rate of three pounds to fifty gallons
of water. Bordeaux mixture has been the
standard fungicide of the past fifteen or

111

Lichens or “‘ moss’’—the second stage of neglect

twenty years, but on account of its russeting
effect upon the fruit, and its burning effect
upon the foliage, it is fast falling into dis-
favor.

Some growers have omitted the fungicide
entirely, while others have come to use a
much diluted lime-sulphur wash. From
our present knowledge of the subject it
would seem that best results may be ob-
tained by using about one gallon of the
commercial lime-sulphur wash to fifty gal-
lons of the arsenate of lead solution. The
first application should be made just before
the fruit buds open; the second, just after
the blossoms fall, and the third about two
weeks later. The second application is the
most important, and, if only one is given, it
should be the one just after the blossoms
fall.

THE SPRAY PUMP

There are a good many spray pumps on
the market. The important point about
the selection of a spray pump is to get one
with sufficient power to produce a fine spray.
The spray mixture needs to be applied in
the form of a mist rather than a stream. A
good force pump mounted on a barrel is
sufficient. It will be necessary to have a
twelve or fourteen-foot extension rod so as
to reach the tops of the trees. Sometimes
with very high trees, it is necessary to use
a ladder or an elevated platform on a wagon.

There is no operation connected with the
whole project that is especially difficult,
and any one with ordinary intelligence may
expect success from the renovation of old
apple-trees. As mentioned at the outset,
all that is necessary is courage, determina-
tion, and common sense. The courage
will be necessary when it comes to cutting
out superfluous trees and ‘‘dehorning”’ the
remaining ones; the determination will be
especially needed when it comes to fighting
the scale, and common sense should dominate
the whole work.

The Guinea-hen flower

The white Siberian squill (Scilla Sibirica, var. alba)

The spring crocus

What Brings the April Flowers—By Benjamin Goodrich,

HAVE FLOWERS IN MAY, BUT IT IS ONLY BY FORE-
THOUGHT AND PLANTING NOW THAT YOU CAN HAVE AN APRIL GARDEN

EVERY ONE CAN

WEN you were a child you learned the
' pleasant, jingly half-truth, ‘April
showers bring May flowers.”’ Nobody said
anything about what brings the April flowers.
I'll tell you: it’s a little thought and a little
work the year before.

Perhaps you think that the flowers of
April are a rather negligible quantity,
barring the hyacinth, tulip, daffodil, and
crocus; most people do, so far as my obser-
vation goes. One reason why I think that
they do is because last April I set out to

find a concrete example. In a community |

somewhat above the average of places
where no home need be without a garden,
I took note of 119 consecutive door-yards
on the same day, and of these, 77 — or, say,
two-thirds — had not a single flower visible.
Sixteen of the others had only a few daffodils
—in many cases an undisturbed inheri-
tance from the previous generation. Eight
with hyacinths, seven with forsythia, one
each with Dutchman’s breeches and white
violet, and nine with more than a single kind
of flower, mostly less than five, complete the
list. Yet at that very moment in my own gar-
den 1909 forethought was giving me upward
of twenty-five kinds of plants in bloom—with
more to follow before the month was over.

Despite the fact that it was unique there-
abouts, mine was no extraordinary April
garden; it did not begin to run the gamut
of available material. It was only an ordi-
nary display of some of the month’s pos-
sibilities, such a showing as any busy man
or woman could have in the spring of the
year —if they would only use their heads
at the proper time.

That proper time is now; or, to be more
exact, there is only a little of the proper
time left. True it is possible to purchase
in the early spring certain plants for bloom-
ing — before the first of May — Dielytra
for one thing; but, as a general proposition,
now is your last chance to make sure of
plenty of flowers in your April garden.

What are the flowers of April? Well,
I count in all that come before May. I

can figure on the common snowdrop so early
as late February -but, somewhere in the
borders, it will linger in the lap of April.
The Siberian squill (Scala Sibirica), glory-
of-the-snow (Chionodoxa Luciliae), and yel-
low crocus — which blooms in advance of
the white and purple varieties—I alsc
reckon as hold-overs. The last three are
invaluable for bits of color in the border
or under shrubbery; I plant them in little
clumps and leave them undisturbed. The
blue of the squill and glory-of-the-snow
is especially welcome. There is a white
variety of each, but the snowdrep offers a bet-
ter contrast, because of the difference in form.
Its season may be prolonged by planting the
larger and later giant snowdrop (Galanthus
Elwesit) and plaited snowdrop (G. plicatus).

Looking over my April garden this year,
a visitor exclaimed: “I think it is remark-
able how much blue you have been able to

The giant snowdrop (Galanthus Hlwesit) is the best
early white flower

112

get into it so early in the season.” [If I
aim for any one color, however, it is yellow;
that lights up the garden so in spring. Two
forsythias in the flower borders, and wide
apart, have the big candle-power. For the
rest I rely largely on the daffodil family,
usually in small, scattered clumps. For
sheer color, Emperor is best of all; but I
use also Empress, Van Sion, and Barrii Con-
spicuus, as well as a few smaller unnamed
“‘trumpets” and “‘medium trumpets.”” Rock
madwort (Alyssum saxatile) is the best
April yellow for low massing. I like always
to have some of it next to either the white
rock cress (Avabis albida), of which there is
an excellent double variety, or the early blue
forget-me-not (Myosotis dissitiflora), two of
the finest of the flowers that carpet the
ground that month.

Other exceedingly dependable early carpet
plants —I put such things here and there
along the border edges—are the moss
pinks (Phlox subulata). ‘The common white
and pink varieties should be supplemented
by one or more of the delicate mauve shades
—Lilacina is a good one; or they may be
placed by the more refined pink hairy
phlox (P. amoena) and the white chick-
weed phlox (P. Stellaria). The crawling
phlox (P. reptans) is another good pink
kind. It belongs to May, but in an early sea-
son will start blooming in April; similarly the
bluish-lilac wild sweet william (P. divari-
cata) sometimes anticipates the season.

The purple rock cress (Aubrietia del-
toidea) is an April flower for the border’s.
edge that is a beautiful sight when well
established.

Of the low plants that need to be colo-
nized to form an effective group, the pasque
flower (Anemone Pulsatilla) is a comparative
rarity that is easily grown in the home
garden. The type is a soft purple, but the

_ color varies considerably. The alpine thrift

(Armeria alpina) may be used the same
way; so may the English daisy (Bellis
perennis), netted iris (I. reticulata), dwarf
iris (J. pumila), Dutchman’s breeches (Die-

OcrosBerR, 1910

lytra cucullaria) and blue myrtle (Vinca
minor) — the runners cut off to leave an
upright flowering clump. I use a little of
the native bloodroot (Sanguinaria Canaden-
sis), liverwort (Hepatica triloba), columbine
(Aquilegia Canadensis), and spring beauty
(Claytonia Virginica) also. For taller effects
theIceland poppy (Papaver nudicaule), Greek
valerian (Polemonium reptans), crown impe-
rial (Fritillaria imperialis) and bleeding
heart (Dielytra spectabilis) are sure to start
into bloom before the month is over.
Then there are the primroses, that is to
say, the hardy primulas. I have more of
these than anything else in my April garden
and should be inclined to put them at the
head of the desirable flowers of the month.
I grow the true primrose (P. vulgaris),
the improved cowslip (P. veris superba),
the cowslip (P. officinalis), the oxlip (P.
elatior), the polyanthus (P. polyantha), the
Kashmir (P. Cachemiriana) and the auricula
(P. auricula) for April bloom, and Von Sie-

bold’s (P. cortusoides Sieboldt) is likely to join
them before May comes in; that is one of the
delightful things about certain April flowers

The Sardinian glory-of-the-snow (Chionodoxa Sar-
densis) Flowers both blue and white

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

varieties do.

tricolor).

APRIL FLOWERS OF EASY CULTURE
Nore: In a normal season all will bloom in April, though some of them not until the latter part of the month. Now is the last chance to make sure of having

color in the garden before the first of May.
‘WHITE TO CREAM

Baneberry Actaea alba

Bugle Ajuga reptans, var. alba
Snowdrop windflower Anemone sylvestris
Rock cress Arabis albida

English daisy Bellis perennis

Crocus Crocus vernus

Dutchman’s breeches
Guinea-hen flower

Dielytra cucullaria
Fritiularia Meleagris

Snowdrop _ Galanthus mvalis

Giant Snowdrop Galanthus Elwesit

Hyacinth Hyacinthus orientalis
Babe-in-the-cradle Lamium maculatum, var. album
Snow-flake Leucojum vernum

Grape hyacinth Muscari botryoides, var. alba
Forget-me-not (biennial) Myosotis dissitiflora
Primrose Peerless daffodil Narcissus biflorus
Star-of-Bethlehem Ornithogalum nutans

Iceland poppy ied nudicatule
Chickweed phlox Phlox stellaria

Moss pink : Phlox subulata
Bloodroot Sanguinaria Canadensis
Tulip Tulipa suaveolens
Violet Viola odorata, var. alba
Pansy Viola tricolor, imp.

YELLOW TO ORANGE
Spring adonis
Rock madwort
Crocus
Alpine wallflower
Dog’s tooth violet
Golden bell
Crown imperial
Orange avens
Barr’s daffodil
Hoop-petticoat daffodil
Double daffodil
Emperor daffodil
Empress daffodil

Adonis vernalis

Alyssum saxatile

Crocus vernus

Erysimum ochroleuchrum
Erythronium Americanum
Forsythia suspensa
Fritillaria imperialis

Geum miniatum

Narcissus Barrti conspicuus
Narcissus Bulbocodium

Len)
DU 0 COW NH COOH COD DN DOO OQA AR QHNH

ae)
I
3
I
1
2

°
8
4
2
2
o)

I
4

Narcissus Pseudo-N arcissus, var. Van Sion 10
Narcissus Pseudo-N arcissus, var. Emperor 10
Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus, var. Empress 10

Iceland poppy Papaver nudicaule I
Auricula Primula auricula 8
Oxlip Primula elatior 6
Cowslip Primula officinalis 6
Improved cowslip Primula veris, var. superba 8
Polyanthus Primula polyantha 5
English Primrose Primula vulgaris 4
Orange globe flower Trollius A siaticus 2
Tulip Tulipa suaveolens 8
Coltsfoot Tussilago Farfara 6
Horned Violet Viola cornuta 6
Pansy Viola tricolor, imp. 6
PINK :
St. Brigid’s anemone . Anemone coronaria, var. St. Brigid 6
Rhodora Azalea Canadense 3
English daisy Bellis perennis 4
Spring beauty Claytonia Virginica 8

noe

PINK

Garland flower
Bleeding heart
Hyacinth
Babe-in-the-cradle
Hairy phlox
Crawling phlox
Moss pink
Von Siebold’s primrose
Heert-leaved saxifrage
Thick-leaved saxifrage
Wild pink
Tulip

BLUE
Blue winter windflower
Glory-of-the-snow
Innocence
Hyacinth
Dwarf iris
Virginian cowslip
Grape hyacinth
Forget-me-not (biennial)
Wild sweet william
Greek valerian
Lungwort

Daphne Cneorum
Dielytra spectabilis
FH yacinthus orientalis
Lamium maculatum
Phlox amoena

Phlox :reptans

Phlox. subulata
Primula cortusoides, var..Sieboldi
Saxifraga cordifolia
Saxtifraga crassifolia
Silene Pennsylvanica .
Tulipa suaveolens

Anemone blanda
Chionodoxa Luciliae
Houstonia coerulea
Hyacinthus orientalis
Iris pumila
Mertensia pulmonarioides
Muscart botryoides
Myosotis dissitiflora
Phlox divaricata
Polemonium reptans
Pulmonaria officinalis
Two-leaved squill Scilla bifolia
Siberian squill Scilla Sibtrica
Gentian-leaved speedwell Veronica gentianoides
Blue myrile Vinca minor
Common Violet Viola cucullata.
MAUVE TO PURPLE
St. Brigid’s anemone
Pasque flower
Alpine thrift
Purple rock cress
Crocus
Guinea-hen flower
Crane’s bill

A. coronaria, var. St. Brigid
Anemone pulsatilla

Armeria alpina

Aubrietia deltoidea

Crocus vernus

Fritillaria Meleagris
Geranium maculatum

Liverwort Hepatica triloba

Hyacinth Hyacinthus orientalis
Netted iris Iris reticulata

Moss pink Phlox subulata, var. lilacina
Auricula Primula auricula

Primula Cachemtriana

Viola Canadensis

Viola cornuta

Viola odorata, var. Californica
Viola tricolor

Kashmir primrose
Canada violet
Horned violet
California violet
Johnny-jump-up

Pansy Viola tricolor, imp.

RED
St. Brigid’s anemone A. coronaria, var. St. Brigid
Columbine Aquilegia Canadensis
Crown Imperial Fritidlaria imperialis
Cowslip Primula officinalis, imp.
Polyanthus Primula polyantha
Tulip Tulipa suaveolens

some clumps of single hyacinths.
to keep in my own garden, from which I
have wandered occasionally to name some-
thing that I have not tried but am sure of —
there are the California violet (Viola odorata
Californica), the white violet (V. 0. alba), the
coltsfoot (Tussilago Farfara), the guinea-hen
flower (fritillartia Meleagris), blue and white
grape hyacinths and Johnny-jump-up (Viola

113

— some years they are, and some years they
are not. April brings me double primroses (P.
acaulis fl. pl.), too, but I care little for them.
Tulips always lend their gaiety to the
latter half of April—that is

the early

I have a few of them and

Then —

CODY 4H CS A A Qow 4

OCOH QRH OOH CS) Als CW OO

Ht
NDAAAWOO COW HH COF COW BR HOD

nH

Cm QNnNH oO

Everything mentioned is perfectly hardy
as far north as central Connecticut, can
be planted out in late September and
early October, is inexpensive and, barring
the Johnny-jump-up and forget-me-not —
which are annual and biennial, respectively,
but self-sow freely — will “‘stay put.”

ft.
ft.
in-
in-
in-
in-

Practical and Impractical Ideas from England—By Wilhelm Miller, *%

WHAT WE REALLY PLANT

70% European trees and shrubs and horticultural varieties

20% Chinese and Japanese
10% American

WHAT WE OUGHT TO PLANT

70% American trees and shrubs, 7.e, native to America

20% Chinese and Japanese
10% European and horticultural

VERYWHERE I find that people are
copying England more than ever. I
have seen it in the gardens as I have motored
about this summer,— direct copies of pic-
tures published last year in those twelve
articles entitled ‘“‘English Effects.”’ I see it
in the letters that come to me, for people
ask less about the rose-bug and more about
how to make better gardens, especially how
to copy some European effect. I hear it from
the seedsmen and nurserymen, particularly
the importers, who have had record-break-
ing businesses this year and last. I cannot
help noticing what an amount of advertising
is now done in the horticultural magazines
by European firms.

Practical:— Growing daffodils like wild flowers.

Of course, it would be absurd for me to
claim any great share in this movement, and
I have no desire to overstate the part played
by these magazines. The big fact which I
wish to bring out is that people are copying
England more than ever before. Now, this is
just what I have striven against in both
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE and Country Life
im America. I showed how we waste about
a million dollars a year in importing plants
that cannot possibly survive a long time in this
climate. And I showed that we can never
have an American style of gardening until we
plant more native material than European.
And yet people are buying more trees, shrubs,
and bulbs from Europe than ever before.

I suppose I ought to be discouraged, but
I take comfort from a_ story Professor
Bailey used to tell, which ran somewhat
like this. ‘‘Once upon a time,” he said,
“‘T monographed the Spitzenburg group of
apples. I took a lot of pains to find out the
true names and the synonyms and which
varieties were too much alike. When I
published these researches I thought people
would rise up and call me blessed for saving
them a lot of money. But I got only one
letter, and it was from a man who wanted to
know where he could buy every kind of
Spitzenburg there was, synonyms and all!”

In other words, it is only human nature
to want the rare, costly, and difficult thing.

Hardy, permanent, cheap. Plant now and they bloom every spring, multiplying without care (at Gravetye)

114

OcroBeEeR, 1910

People in new countries always have copied
old countries, and they always will — until
they learn better. And all this talk about
the impracticality of most English effects
has simply advertised the beauty of English
gardens and made people more eager than
ever to copy them. So, when 1910 came,
my learned colleague said: ‘‘ Let us not kee
preaching the American-plants all the time
because the one thing that people are deter-
mined to do is to copy England. You have
talked enough about what we can’t do.
Now let’s tell about the few English effects
we can have. Our mission is to do the
constructive thing.’”’ Hence these articles
in rgro on “ English Effects We Can Have”
and ‘“‘Practical Ideas from England.”

It is proper that we should look to Europe
for novelties, rarities and collections, but
eventually all the fruits and ornamental
stock intended for America should be grown
in America. As to big orders, the dealers
on both sides of the Atlantic must “ fight it
out,” as they always have done. It is a
question of firms, not countries. The great
majority of the American amateurs have
always placed small bulb orders with Ameri-
can seedsmen. And we must confess some
sympathy with these dealers, because they

THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

have borne the expense of educating the
people to buy bulbs. Also their business is
a risky one. It is easy to incur a severe
loss, for it is impossible to foretell what
varieties will be demanded and in what
quantities.

I wish I could say it is all wrong to copy
England, because it would be so simple and
easy. But the truth is it is about half
right and half wrong to do so. And since
the deadliest truths are half truths, I want to
tell what I believe to be the whole truth:

IT IS WRONG

To depend chiefly
on European materials
because they are, as a
rule, short-lived here.

IT IS RIGHT

1. To copy the spirit | 1.
of English gardening,
é.g., privacy, outdoor
living, permanence,
good taste.

2. But the best lesson | 2.
England can teach is
that every country
should rely mainly
on its own flora.

To use horticultural
varieties just because
they are showier.
White dogwood is in
better taste than pink.

This whole situation comes to a climax
this month because everybody seems to be
looking toward Europe for bulbs. The
public does this for three reasons. First,
bulbs have always been grown there, and
our American seedsmen are, as a tule,
mainly dealers. Second, we now have a

115

parcels post between Holland, England, and
America. Third, the new tariff is favorable,

Here is my advice to beginners about
bulbs:

DO THESE THINGS DONT DO THESE

tr. Naturalize some |r.
long-lived bulbs, and
make them look like
wild flowers. For

Don’t try to natu-
ralize tender or short-
lived plants, ¢.g., hya-
cinths, or anything

example, plant 1,000 that is gardenesque,
daffodils in wood, e.g., Darwin or bed-
meadow, orchard, or ding tulips.
shrubbery.

2. Bea collector. Get | 2.
25 or 50 varieties of
daffodils or Darwins
or cottage tulips.

3. Put clumps of bulbs
in your shrubbery or
hardy border.

4. Find out whether | 4.
the kinds you want
are hardy in America
and reasonably long-
lived.

Don’t try a little of
everything. Don’t be
satisfied with a small
variety. Study; learn.
3. Don’t have a fancy
bulb bed in the middle
of the lawn.

Don’t buy Anemone
coronaria, Ranunculus
Asiaticus, Helleborus
orientalis, C alochortus,
Pacific Coast lilies or
other tender bulbs.

From now until November rst I will gladly
give you any help I can with the list of
bulbs you propose to buy, if you will do two
things: 1. Take me into your confidence and
tell me what you want to do. 2. Enclose a
stamped, self-addressed envelope.

Impractical: — Anemone blanda in England. The best blue flowers of March that we

can naturalize are scillas and chionodoxas

Getting the Most in an Orchard—By H. M. Martin,

A MAJORITY OF ORCHARDS ARE PLANTED ON A PLAN THAT IS MOST WASTEFUL OF SPACE, NEARLY ONE-
FOURTH OF THE LAND BEING UNPRODUCTIVE—THE VARIOUS WAYS ANALYSED ON THE BASIS OF AN ACRE

i IS manifestly necessary in order to get the fullest returns from

an orchard, to have every inch of available space occupied to
the best advantage during the early years of the trees’ growth, and
plenty of room left for the complete development of the mature
tree, yet it is a fact that one quarter of the space is actually wasted
in the great majority of orchards. Full-grown
apple-trees should be at least forty feet apart for
such varieties as McIntosh and Hubbardston —
forty-five feet for Baldwin, Greening, etc.— and
in many cases fifty feet is not too great. Yet
one cannot afford to plant trees so far apart, and
wait for them to come into full bearing; he must
occupy the space between the permanent trees

tree reaches before it is interfered with by its neighbors. The
orchard may be considered therefore as a system of squares running
diagonally across the field, and the waste space is still, in reality,
23 per cent.

The least unoccupied area is attained in the hexagonal system,
as shown by fig. 1. When trees are planted in
this way, only 1o per cent of the area is unoccu-
pied, and the trees are distributed evenly over
the field. All trees are equidistant, forming a
series of equilateral triangles. About 15 per cent
more trees per acre can be planted by this
method, than by the square system, yet with the
same distance between trees.

with secondary crops. The best way is to plant
shorter-lived fruit trees as fillers, which must be
cut out as soon as they begin to crowd the others.
It takes courage to cut out thrifty bearing trees,
but it must be done.

Before the orchard is set, a planting plan should
be carefully made, showing the position of each
tree. There are three main systems of planting:
the square, or rectangular; the quincunx;

and the hexagonal. An orchard laid out
according to the square system would
consist of a series of squares with a tree
at each corner of the intersecting squares.
This is the most common method, but it
is the most wasteful with reference to
use of land. A tree, if unhindered in
its growth, may be expected to develop
equally in all directions, and may be
represented by a circle. The adjoining

figure shows. how these circles touch each Rig a Sanere
other when the: trees are full grown. The
shaded space is unoccupied, and amounts

to almost 23 per cent. of the area.

Because of this large amount of waste space in the square
system of planting, a tree was put in the centre of the square,
forming the quincunx group. In this way about double the num-
ber of trees per acre may be set out. But they cannot all reach
their full growth, as is shown in. fig: 3. The continuous circles
intersect, showing how’ the centre tree interferes with the growth
of the trees at. the corners of the squares. It is better to remove

the centre tree before it reaches this stage of development. Qa

The: dotted circles. show the amount of development each

Fig. 4—The square system

Fig. 1—Area of occupancy in the hexag-
onal system. This shows the least waste

Showing (Fig. 2) occupied area and waste (Fig. 3) over-
lapping

Fig. 5—The hexagonal system

THE USE OF FILLERS

The use of early-bearing and shorter-lived trees
as fillers in an apple orchard is strongly recom-
mended. By such means the orchard should
have paid for itself, and yielded a good income,
before the permanent trees come into bearing.
Fither peaches or early bearing apples, such as
Wagener or Wealthy, may be used.
Some strongly advocate the use of dwarf
apples; but others consider that they do
not come into bearing much earlier than
the standard varieties. Results of ex-
periments at the New York State Ex-
periment Station, Geneva, are unfavor-
able to the use of dwarf trees from this
standpoint.

In setting out an orchard by the square
system, the permanent trees should be
set forty feet apart for Hubbardston and
McIntosh; for Greening and Baldwin
preferably forty-five or fifty feet. Stand-
ard apples of early bearing varieties such
as Wealthy or Wagener, could then be set half way between the
permanent trees forming squares half the size as shown in fig. 7,
in which the larger trees represent the permanent ones; the smaller,
the fillers. In thinning, the alternate diagonal row should be cut
out first, as indicated by the dotted lines in fig. 8. This leaves

Fig. 3 — Quincunx

the tree in the centre of the square, which can stand some years

longer. But the orchard in its present condition is really on the
quincunx plan. This central tree may be removed by cutting
out the alternate rows at right angles to the fence line as

Fig. 6— The quincunx system, ‘

These are the three main plans for planting an orchard. The square system is the most common and also the most wasteful of space

116

OcTroBER, 1910

shown by the dotted lines in fig. 9. By set-
ting the permanent trees forty-five feet or
more apart, peach fillers could be planted on
the corners of squares 11 feet 3 inches apart,
dividing the original squares into sixteen
small ones, which could be gradually thinned
to the stages already given.

The quincunx system offers a better
means of using fillers. Figure 10 represents
the orchard with permanent trees in quin-
cunx groups, and two sets of fillers. Stand-
ard apple fillers should be set half way
between the permanent trees, forming the
corners of squares running diagonally
across the field and of the same size as the
diagonal squares of the permanent trees.
(Cf. two squares in fig. 3.) Peaches should
be set half way between the permanent
trees on the diagonal rows, as represented
by the smallest trees of fig. 10. These
trees would be the first to come out, and
should be cut out by removing the alter-
nate perpendicular rows, as shown in fig.
11. This leaves the permanent trees and
apple fillers. When the apple fillers begin
to crowd, cut them out by removing the
alternate rows diagonally, as shown in
fig. 12.

The greatest number of trees per acre,
and the most evenly distributed, occur by
using the hexagonal system. The only
difficulty is that, in thinning, the distance
between the trees is doubled. Fig. 13 shows
the arrangement of permanent trees, and one
set of fillers planted according to this sys-
tem. Fig. 14 shows the method of re-
moving the fillers, by taking out the alternate
rows running diagonally across the field
in both directions.

Figure 15 shows a method of planting
320 fruit trees per acre, or 160 fruit trees
and 550 bushes of small fruit, by the hex-
agonal plan. With such an intensive system
of planting, the permanent trees should be
at least 50 feet apart. The large dots (solid
black) represent the permanent apple-trees,
set 50 feet apart. The smaller dots (solid
black) represent standard apple fillers set
half way between the permanent trees,
making the apple-trees 25 feet apart. The
larger circles (unshaded) are peach-trees,
set half way between the apple-trees in the
perpendicular rows. In this way, there are
20 permanent trees, 60 apple fillers, and 80
peach-trees per acre. The smaller circles
(unshaded) are extra peach trees put half
way between the trees already set, which
would make 320 trees per acre. In this way
the orchard would accommodate 240 peach-
trees per acre. But instead of the extra
peaches, small fruits may be planted as
shown by the smallest dots, arranged in
three rows between the rows of apple-trees.
In this way 550c bushes of small fruits
per acre may be accommodated, leaving
plenty of room for cultivation. They
should be removed, however, before they
begin to crowd the trees; but, since there
is almost eleven feet left between them and
the trees, they will have plenty of time to
bring in considerable money before their
departure.

The following table shows the number

ee Geak DEN MeATGAYZ 1 IN I

of permanent trees and permanent trees
with one set of fillers, together with the dis-
tances apart of permanent trees and fillers,
planted according to the three different
systems. The figures in parentheses after
the quincunx show the distance of the centre
tree of the group from the corner trees of
the square:

NUMBER OF TREES PER ACRE ACCORDING

117

the distance of the north and south rows of
the square system. The rows running east
and west in the hexagonal system are at the
same distance apart as the similar rows in
the quincunx.

Cultivating an orchard diagonally requires
considerably more turning than carrying on
operations parallel with the rows. This

TO THE DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF PLANTING

Distance A part

No. of Trees per Acre

System ¥
Permanent Fillers Permanent Perm. Fillers
Hexagonal 30 ft. 15 ft. 55 220
Square 30 ft. Tesi tite 48 194
Quincunx 30 (21.2) 15 ft. 97 194
Hexagonal B2nit. 16 ft. 49 i 196
Square 32 ft. 16 ft. 42 168
Quincunx 32 ft. (22.6) 16 ft. 85 168
Hexagonal 33 ft. 16.5 ft. 46 184
Square 33 ft. 16.5 ft 40 160
Quincunx 33 ft. (23.3) 16.5 ft. 80 160
Hexagonal 35 it. 17.5 ft. 41 166
Square 35 ft. 17.5 ft 35 140
Quincunx 35 ft. (24.7) DGoG Mt- 70 140
Hexagonal 40 ft. 20 ft. 31 124
Square 40 ft. 20 ft 27 108
Quincunx 40 ft. (28.3) Bowtie 54 108
Hexagonal 45 ft. 22.5 ft. 25 100
Square 45 ft. 22.5 ft 22 86
Quincunx 45 ft. (31.8) 22.5 ft. 43 86
Hexagonal 50 ft, 25 ft. 20 80
Square 50 ft. 25 ft 17 68
Quincunx 50 ft. (35.4) 25 ft 34 68

The comparative ease with which tillage,
spraying and other operations may be car-
ried on in the orchards planted according to
the different systems may be seen by the
following table, showing the distances be-
tween the rows of permanent trees, with
two sets of fillers, running north and south,
east and west, and diagonally across the
field:

distance between rows is the greatest in the
quincunx, and least in the square system
(compared with the other directions in the
same system). In the hexagonal system
the distance north and south and diagonally
is the same, with the east and west distance
the least. Ordinarily, therefore, orchard
operations could be most easily carried on,
north and south in the hexagonal system. —

DISTANCES BETWEEN ROWS ACCORDING TO SYSTEM OF PLANTING

Square System

Dist. Direction! Distance between Rows
Perm. of
Trees Rows Fillers
Perm
I 2
45 it. N. &S. 45 22.5 TI.25
E. & W. 45 22.5 11.25
Diag. 31-8 15-9 7-95
40 it. N. &S. 40 20 Io
E. & W. 40 20 10

The distances between the rows of per-
manent trees and fillers for trees at 50 ft.
hexagonal system are given in fig. 15.

The greatest distances between the rows
east and west are gained in the square
system although the diagonal distance is less
in this than in the hexagonal. The quincunx
system diminishes by half the distance be-
tween the rows of the square system run-
ning north and south, but the diagonal
distance is the same. The hexagonal
system gives considerably more rcom for
orchard operations than the quincunx, the
rows running north and south being the
same distance apart, and about seven-eighths

Quincunx Hexagonal

Distance between Rows Distance between Rows

Fillers Fillers

Perm. |————_ | Perm. |\——_
I 2 I 2

2205 [1.25 5-62 30 19-5 9-75
22.5 TAS 5-62 22.5 11-25 5-62
31.8 15-9 7-95 39 19-5 9-75
20 IO 5 34.6 17-3 8.6
20 Io 5 20 IO 5
28.3 14.1 7 24.6 17-3 8.6

If fillers are used, much more room is
obtained between the rows by planting ac-
cording to the hexagonal system than the
quincunx, as well as a larger number of trees.
If a very intensive system of fillers is used,
the permanent trees must be placed far
enough apart to permit of cultivation be-
tween the fillers. It is for that reason that
the trees are placed fifty feet apart in fig.
15. When the small fruits are used, the
closest rows are 6 ieet 3 inches apart running
east and west, and 3 feet 7 inches apart
north and south, and 4 feet 2 inches dia-
gonally.

To facilitate all orchard operations, a row

i)

118

should be left out for a street at convenient
intervals throughout the orchard.

SUMMARY

The square system of planting an orchard
is the most wasteful of space, accommodating
the smallest number of trees per acre, but
by planting with fillers may be thinned first
to a quincunx form, and later to squares
twice the size of those when first planted,
thus allowing a gradual transition from close
planting to trees far apart. It is perhaps
the easiest of all systems to cultivate.

The quincunx group allows about double
the number of trees per acre that the square
of the same size accommodates. But these
figures are misleading, for the real distance
of the trees is shown by the figures in paren-
theses in the table, which is the size of the
squares running diagonally across the field.
(See fig. 12.) Comparing the number of
trees per acre of the quincunx system with
the number of trees according to the hex-
agonal system, using this latter figure as the
correct distance, it is clearly evident that the
hexagonal system stands in the lead. More-
over, the great advantage in the hexagonal
system is that each tree has a chance to de-
velop equally in all directions, and has an
equal exposure to light and air. The one
disadvantage is that there is no good system
of thinning fillers gradually; but the large
number of trees which may be used as fillers
sufficiently pay for the extra space caused for
a few years by doubling the distance between
trees in removing fillers. It is an especially
good system for intensive methods of culture
and can be easily cultivated.

The location and site of the orchard, the
available capital and training of the orchard-
ist, as well as economy of space in planting,
and perfect development of the tree should
be considered in choosing the planting sys-
tem. In commercial fruit districts, where the
land is very expensive, it will be of advan-
tage to use the hexagonal system, with very
intensive culture. On the other hand, the
problem of the abandoned farm with poor
land on hillsides where cultivation is diff-
cult would be better solved by using the
square system.

THE GARDEN WE NGeAZINee

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Real Facts about the Problem of Fall Planting vs. Spring Planting

WIDELY SEPARATED SECTIONS SHOWING

A SYMPOSIUM OF ACTUAL EXPERIENCES BY EXPERT PLANTERS IN
THAT THE SPECIAL CONDITIONS ARE PECULIAR TO THIS INDIVIDUAL CASE—NO POSITIVE AGREEMENT, BUT A
MASS OF PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS THAT WILL HELP THE AMATEUR TO SOLVE HIS OWN PECULIAR PROBLEM

[Epitor’s Notr.— It is idle to expect thai the question of whether it is better to plant trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants in the
fall than in the spring will ever be settled by unanimous verdict.
As for the country at large, no one rule could hold good anyway; there are too many marked
differences of climatic and other conditions, even in the limited area covered by these letters — Connecticut westward to the Dakotas, and

without arriving at unanimity of opinion.

Illinois southward to Georgia.

Even im the same community, men may argue until doomsday

In the circumstances these letters can only be taken as a group of opinions based on personal experiences and inevitably reducible to
the fact that every planter must develop into his own court of last resort. By experiment, he must learn what is best suited to the needs of his

particular case.

The letters are, nevertheless, of distinct value, each for its own general, as well as particular, locality.
and informative, and if they cannot settle definitely the puzzling question for each hesitating individual, they, at least, make clear the road
for sane experimentation and enable him to avoid some pretty dangerous pitfalls.

Of the writers quoted, fewer come out openly in favor of spring than of fall.

They are thoroughly practical

As already suggested, however, this means no more, in

OcTroBeER, 1910

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

119

the last analysis, than the settlement of the question to the satisfaction of one authority, and that as regards the needs of his field of

personal endeavor.

The emphasis placed on the distinction between fall transplanting on one’s own grounds, where a good ball of earth is always
possible, and planting nursery stock sent from a distance 1s interesting, especially as applied to evergreens. In some cases also quite

as strong an emphasis is placed on these four points:

Fall affords more time for thorough work; fall planting practically assures firm

establishment of roots before summer; mulching after fall planting prevents drying winds from depriving the soil of the moisture that is
essential to success; every planter must, im the end, use his own judgment as to whether he shall do all or any of his planting in the fall.]

1TH few exceptions, I regard the fall as
the best time for planting most decidu-
ous trees and shrubs, and I think this rule will
apply with safety to the New England and
Northeastern States. In the West and North-
west, where severe drought commonly occurs
in the fall, and fierce sweeping winds with
deep freezing of the ground in winter are
the normal conditions, fall planting is
probably inadvisable.

I have planted large quantities of de-
ciduous trees and shrubs in western New
York during the past nineteen years in
both spring and fall, and I have no hesitation
in saying that in the rapid start made in
growth, and in by far the smallest percentage
of losses, fall planting is immensely superior
to spring planting. I can imagine the query:
if fall planting is so much more advantageous
than spring planting, why do you not follow it
entirely? The answer is, without going
into details, that we are compelled through
certain exigencies to plant in the spring.

Fall planting should be done as soon as
the leaves have finished their functions for
the season — any time after the middle of
October, and, in sections where the winter
sets in early, about the first of the month.
There is no doubt that trees and shrubs suffer
less from the shock of removal when they
are in a condition of inactivity than when they
are in active growth. In the spring season
many plants, such as lilacs, loniceras, ribes,
sorbarias, many spiraeas, willows and some
aesculus — start early into growth. If the
spring planting is delayed, they are apt to
be in full leaf. It will take them all summer
to form a few roots, and the growth will be
feeble. If the season should be dry, there
will surely be a large percentage of losses.

Papaws, persimmons, tulip-trees and mag-
nolias are, as a general rule, best planted in
spring. Their roots are soft and fleshy, and
if planted in heavy cold soils in the fall they
are apt to rot in winter. I have, however,
planted them in the fall with perfect success,
but in conditions where the soil was warm
and well drained. ,

Rochester, N. Y.

Decided Advantages in Fall

I prefer fall planting for deciduous trees
and shrubs, but August or midwinter for
evergreens. I moved some large pieces
last winter with great success. I dug large
balls, and when they were thoroughly frozen
I jacked them up and moved them on a
stone-boat.

I have made quite extensive plantings in
fall, and always with good success, but trees
that are not considered iron-clad in their
hardiness, such as magnolias, I haven’t
handled in fall. I planted some trees in the
fall of rg08. I put in a lane of elms, 220

JouN DuNBAR.

trees alla fair size, running 23 to 34 inches,
and I didn't lose a single one. At the same
time I planted a lane of yellow locust, 68
trees in all. These I got from the woods on
the north side of Long Island, and I never
lost one of them. They were trees that would
average about twoinches. I put in the nur-
sery the balance out of 100 of these at the
same time and didn’t lose a solitary one, but
this spring I moved those 32 trees to various
parts of the place and I lost about six of them.
They should have moved better the second
time because they had been once trans-
planted, and you can’t blame it on the sea-
son, as we have had an excellent spring for
newly planted stock. Beeches I also prefer
to move in fall, although those that have
attained any size I would prefer to dig in
winter and let them freeze. I consider this
an A-r method for large stuff. In fact,
with the proper tackle, I prefer it to the
whole-root system.

I received a carload of Rhododendron
maximum last fall. It was so late that the
nurseryman from whom I ordered them
didn’t wish to supply me. He said I would
lose them all, but I was to assume the risk,
so he shipped them. I lost four out of the
150, but, of course, I cared for them,
mulched them well, and protected them with
pine boughs.

Last fall we bought a collection of 100
evergreens, all in tubs. I took great
care with them, plunging the tubs in a
sheltered place and further protecting with
a mulch and a covering of pine boughs;
but we lost 32. They were supposed to be
established, but they were all newly tubbed
and, of course, it was too late for such work.

Islip, L. I. M. C. McCotrtom.

Fall Best for the South

In the middle and southern parts of this
country, especially wherever the texture of
the soil is naturally dry and warm, all trees
of a hardy and deciduous habit can, and
where possible should, be transplanted as
early in the fall as growth ceases and the
young wood is well hardened off; because
the latter condition is essentially coupled
with assured success.

Any soil naturally wet, or becoming soaked
with water early in the fall and frozen, is
unfit for planting trees (unless of a semi-
aquatic habit, as willows, etc.) until it has
been thoroughly drained, as there are
few deciduous trees that will succeed where
the roots remain continually in water.
Therefore my suggestions for fall planting
refer to soils which have either been prepared
by good cultivation and made friable or
are naturally mellow; all soils retentive of
humidity should be avoided until this char-
acteristic is removed.

Again referring to suitable warm and
mellow soils, and where available, fall plant-
ing is by far preferable to spring planting,
and this operation may continue during the
winter, provided that when the weather is
freezing the work ceases. But it should be
well understood that in all sections where the
winter climate is mild, vegetation, although
inactive during the winter months for the
formation of leaves and new wood, 1s never
so as to inducing new root growth. There-
fore, whenever practicable, transplant a hardy
fruit or ornamental tree as early in the fall
as the ground is ready and the tree in matured
condition, because sufficient new rootlets
will have been formed to give it a firm hold
in the ground and cause it to grow off more
rapidly when the normal spring vegetation
commences, than will a spring-transplanted
tree freshly removed from the nursery.
Furthermore, such a tree can better withstand
the danger connected with summer drought,
which causes the loss of so many spring-
transplanted trees. Take up a tree in the
fall, heel it in a trench during winter, dig it
up in spring and the numerous new rootlets
which it will show will be the best argument
in favor of fall planting. Upon this, as well
as the experience of a very extensive tree
planter and nurseryman during more than
fifty years, I base my opinion.

Should transplanting be unavoidably de-
layed until spring, give a generous mulching
of coarse manure, litter, leaves, or any
material that will keep the surface of the soil
mellow and prevent evaporation, as this will
also guard against summer drought. These
suggestions refer to hardy classes of well-
hardened-off fruit and ornamental trees,
but not to those of an evergreen habit,
which are usually best transplanted in the
spring when the soil has lost its winter
frigidity. Broad-leaved evergreens always
succeed better when defoliated so soon as
taken from the nursery.

Maiden fruit trees, of one year’s vigorous
growth or with a single stem and this cut
back to a height of two or three feet, are
preferable to older and heavily branched
trees, because the maiden tree will grow off
more readily and reach the bearing period
sooner than an old tree set out at the same
time, but whose growth is always checked
by removal and often requires two years to
recuperate.

Augusta, Ga. P. J. BERCKMANS.

Depends on Weather

Our experience leads us to believe that it
depends entirely upon the weather as to
whether or not fall planting will be successful.

In the fall of 1908 we planted out quite
a few thousand small seedling evergreens in
nursery rows, but we had a long continued

be |

120

drought and saved only a small percentage.
We had the same experience that fall with
larger specimen evergreens taken up with
ball of earth. In the fall of 1909 we planted
out several hundred thousand evergreens,
both small transplants and seedling sizes.
Our plantings this spring show that we did
not lose over ro per cent., and they made an
exceptional summer growth. The same is
true of some large blocks of trees we trans-
planted last fall; we had exceptional success
with them, in some cases not losing one tree
out of the large blocks, the trees ranging in
height from three to ten feet.

To sum up we think that fall planting
of evergreens is just as successful, if not
more so, than spring planting of trees, if
the weather at time of planting and after-
ward is at all favorable. We expect to do
considerable planting this fall, and in case
of a drought we are going to irrigate — as it
is simply a matter of getting water to the
trees to make them live. Fall planted trees
always make a better growth the following
summer than do spring planted trees, as they
have had a chance to become firmly estab-
lished in the ground, and the roots firmly
started in soil. I firmly believe that all
varieties of evergreens can be transplanted
with good success in the fall.

Dundee, Ill. D. Hm.

Deciduous, Fall; Evergreens,
Spring

There is much to be said in favor of
fall planting for all deciduous trees and
shrubs. In the first place, there is generally
more time for carrying out the work in a
thorough manner. It is equal to spring
planting, especially when done, say, in
November or whenever the foliage has been
cast.

A mulch of half-rotted manure is of great
benefit to all newly-planted trees and shrubs
in fall as well as spring; it prevents rapid
evaporation, keeping an even moisture
around the roots, which is one of the secrets
of success. Why mulch in fall; lots of
moisture in the atmosphere then? At times
this is true; then again, one may experience
a very dry cutting wind that draws practically
all the moisture out of the soil. When the
trees or shrubs are mulched, a bountiful
supply of natural moisture is retained in
the soil with a minimum of artificial water-
ing. Furthermore, they will reap the benefit
of the decayed manure the following season.

The same is true of hardy roses, par-
ticularly the hybrid-perpetual class, pro-
vided they are properly cared for during the
winter with a mulch and protection against
the sun’s rays while they are frozen. The
most serious damage is continual freezing
and thawing; so tie evergreen branches,
corn-stalks or straw around the shoots —
enough to prevent the sun from striking
through, but not to exclude air. Ifa batch
was planted in the fall and thus treated and
another in spring, I believe a comparison
would show a wide difference in favor of
fall planting.

For all evergreen species and varieties I

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

am decidedly in favor of transplanting in
late spring, or just before they commence
to make new growth. Then new roots will
be active and consequently the evergreens
will establish themselves quickly and feel
little or no effect from removal.

Oceanic, N. J. WILLIAM TURNER.

Mississippi Valley and Prairies

On November third of last year I shoveled
a foot of snow off a bed, planted lilies-of-the-
valley, covered them with two inches of
coarse manure, and shoveled the snow back.
The ground had barely begun to freeze. In
the spring those clumps were in fine con-
dition and bloomed, though not abundantly.
This is fall planting in the extreme. I must
add, however, that of a hundred imported lily
of-the-valley pips I set out at the same time
not one grew. With fall-planted iris, phlox,
swect-william, and peonies I have had good
results. In fact, from personal experience,
I should not hesitate to recommend fall
planting for all hardy herbaceous perennials;
only, be sure they are actually hardy in your
locality, and then you will not lay a plant’s
failure to grow to fall planting, when it would
have died no matter what season of the year
it was set out. On the prairies even a dis-
tance of fifty miles and a southern slope may
bring about a marked difference in the hardi-
ness of a plant.

As to shrubs I would not be so positive
when speaking of the prairies, though in the
Mississippi valley ail hardy shrubs can be
planted successfully in fall. I have had
good results in these regions. To localize,
let me mention a place on Lake Shore Drive,
Chicago, which we planted rather late one
fall with shrubs for the most part larger
than are usually sent out from nurseries;
the planting went through the winter well
with the exception of the evergreens. It
included snowballs, elderberries, dogwood,
lilac, roses, mock orange, hydrangea, spireas,
barberries, honeysuckles, and many other
hardy shrubs and vines, all of doubtful
hardiness being avoided. In Milwaukee
I planted, also late in the fall, a hedge of
Berberis Thunbergui that has grown splen-
didly. I feel safe in asserting that through-
out this region fall planting of shrubbery is
a success, if done with care. The ground
must be well prepared, the shrubs firmly set
with the soil compact about their roots, and
abundantly watered, but only once. This
watering should be sufficent to require
several minutes for the ground to absorb all
the water. For fall planting I like to
“puddle” the roots before planting. This
is simply dipping them in very thin mud.
What is true for ornamental shrubbery holds
equally for bush fruit.

Out on the open prairies of the Dakotas
and Montana fall planting of shrubbery
is another matter, but by no means impossi-
ble. It cannot be done too carefully and
should be as early as is practical. Shrubs
had best be cut back one-half and heavily
mulched with straw or coarse manure.
Personally I should not hesitate to set out
shrubs in the fall, for I have done so with

OcroBeER, 1910

fair success; but for the amateur gardener
who wishes to run no risk, fall planting of
shrubs is in no wise to be recommended out
here on the prairies.

Deciduous trees are much better planted
in spring, though in the Mississippi valley and
along the western shore of Lake Michigan
the success of fall-planted trees depends
in a great measure upon the rigors of the
following winter. I have planted such trees
as elms, maples, and ash in fall, and they
have done well, but the fact remains that as
far as trees are concerned spring planting
is much to be preferred. Fall planted trees
had better be cut back severely, much more
so than those set out in spring. On the
prairies fall planting of trees might be worth
while in an experimental way, but for the
average man to set out orchard or shade
trees then is simply throwing money away.
I have moved even large trees in fall and
succeeded, but in all such cases an abun-
dance of earth was retained about the roots.
I should be loath to insure a fall planted tree
set out with naked roots.

As to evergreens I would not have them
with naked roots as a gift. Where the roots
are burlapped with the soil in which they
grew I find fall planting about as safe as
spring planting. Spruce, juniper, and cedars
have done well when planted in fall; not so
pines, which I explain by their lack of a
close matted root system. As with peren-
nials, do not be in a hurry to attribute the
failure of an evergreen to fall planting. Not
all evergreens are equally hardy everywhere.
Where an evergreen is moved with plenty
of the native soil around its roots, the opera-
tion is similar to that of repotting, and when
the earth is firmly packed around this ball
of original earth in its new home, the tree
can hardly be considered as aware of the
fact that it has been moved. In this manner
it is possible to move evergreens even in
winter. ‘This is true also of deciduous trees.

Fargo, Ni. D: C. L. MELLER.

Fall as Good as Spring

Fall planting for many things has, in our
experience, been most satisfactory. Certain
shrubs, like lilacs, Rosa rugosa, and Vibur-
num tomentosum, var. plicatum, which start
into leaf early in the spring, can be
handled the most satisfactorily in fall. Of
course, it is well understood that magnolias,
tulip poplars, and plants with roots of a
similar nature do not move well then, but
for the great mass of deciduous stock fall is
quite as satisfactory as spring. It indeed
has its advantages, because there is always
more leisure to prepare and arrange for the
planting; then too, fall-planted stock will
be well under way by the first of June, where-
as spring-planted stock often does not be-
come established until midsummer. On this
account the plantsman often gains a season’s
growth if he can get his planting done in the
fall.

August planting for many kinds of ever-
greens has, in our experience, proved quite
as successful as spring planting. With the
great mass of planters unacquainted with the

OcTOBER, 1910

Lilacs are better planted in the fall; so are Rosa
rugosa, lonicera, and many spireas. They all
start growing early

characteristics of the different varieties, it is
well to let some reputable nurseryman ad-
vise them which items in their lists may be
safely planted in fall and which had better
wait until spring.

To sum up, for very many kinds of trees
and plants fall is just as good or a better
time to plant them, while for others spring
is unquestionably the only safe time to move
them. Judgment must be exercised in this
regard just as much as in other problems that
concern the garden.

Morrisville, Pa. Wm. H. Moon Co.

Spring for Most Things

I prefer spring planting. It seems to me
spring planting has the best of the argument.
The plea is that time is saved by fall planting.
It is just as easy to maintain that time is
saved by spring planting.

Some things may be planted safely in the
fall, and a few things better. However, no
planting plan can be followed; in other words,
to plant part in the fall and part in spring
would so much interfere with any general
planting plan that nothing would be gained.

There are only a very few evergreens that
can be safely planted in the fall. Junipers
and Japanese yews are among these, but I
have noticed that spring-planted ones are
just as far along a year afterward. We have
tried rhododendrons and kalmias planted in
the fall and can only report failure.

We have found a few deciduous trees and
shrubs do better planted in the fall, before
the leaves drop. Planted in September,
they make a few new roots. This much is
gain, and the principle to be worked on.

I should always be disposed to try fall

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

planting for such trees as move badly in
spring time. Trees which start slowly, like
hawthorns and crabapples, especially those
which do not make new leaves early enough
to do the plant’s work, are in this category.
Liquidambers and tupelos move poorly at any
time, but better in the early autumn. Elms,
planes, larches, taxodium, willows, poplars,
birches, and tulip trees move well in the fall.

Among shrubs we have found that all that
can be moved with a good ball are safely
moved in the autumn. These include deut-
zia, lonicera, philadelphus, lilacs, viburnum,
symphoricarpos, barberry, privet, and wei-
gela.

Wellesley, Mass. J. D. Hatrretp.

Spring the Natural Time

AT a convention of farmers, the ques-
tion as to which was the better man-
ure, horse or cow, was under discussion.
Opinion was so evenly divided, even among
those known to be successful and practical
men, that the chairman was nonplussed.
Finally a bright idea struck him, and he
requested all those whose farms were of a
sandy nature to stand up. Lo and behold!
all the advocates of cow manure were on
their feet, while the horse-manure champions
remained seated. Here was the whole
secret; the cow manure—a cold manure
— was the best for the hot sandy soil, and
the heating horse manure for the colder
clay. So it is with the question of when to
plant trees, shrubs, etc.; soil and climate
conditions influence success.

Certain trees — the tulip tree, magnolia,

Spring is the better time to plant rhododendrons
and kalmias :

Vl es
¥OL
ba li pa

Plant the magnolia, also the tulip tree and beech,
in spring. They have soft, fleshy roots

and beech among them — are almost sure to
fail if planted in the fall, while success may
be obtained if we wait until spring. One
might infer from this fact alone that spring
is the natural time to transplant.

Again, in the fall the activities of the tree
are almost dormant; there is no active force
at hand to battle against unfavorable con-
ditions. It is the reverse in the spring; the
renewed activity gives a new life and force
to the plant. The natural activities of the
expanding of the leaf buds, and the rise of
sap, carry the vitality of the tree forward,
and enable it to combat with unfavorable
conditions. A tree, transplanted, is like
a patient that has just undergone a severe
surgical operation; a large part of its main
roots, and perhaps all of its feeding ones,
have been amputated. It is a critical time
of its life, and in order to survive, all con-
ditions must be favorable, and those con-
ditions are more apt to exist in the spring
than in the fall.

My soil is a heavy clay loam. If a tree
hole is made in the fall, and filled in, and a
late wet season follows, the soil, not being
dense and compact, becomes very wet and
mushy, and would be apt to smother the
roots of anything planted in it. The tree
roots, being inactive, cannot take up any of
the moisture to amount to anything, and thus
no relief of the undue saturation can be had
from that quarter. While it is essential
that established plants go into winter quar-
ters with some moisture of the roots, a soil
saturated with water would be fatal to them.
If this is so with an established plant, it
certainly would be with a newly planted one.
On sandy soils or a well-drained one many
trees can be planted in the fall with success,

122

but they would do equally as well if planted
in the spring.

Some trees transplant so readily under
nearly all conditions that fall or spring makes
very little difference, but in advocating
spring planting — and I include nearly all
perennials as well —TI refer to the general
run of trees. On one’s own grounds one
may transplant in the fall — especially
fibrous-rooted plants, which hold a_ ball
of soil — because the plant is not weakened
as much as if coming from a distance, but
the earlier it isdone the better; so as to in-
sure firm establishment before winter sets in.

As for evergreens, several years ago I
saw in the Douglass Nursery at Waukegan
a fine blue Colorado spruce, some seven feet
high, which I bought. This was in August;
I had read several articles by well-informed
Eastern writers that about the first of Sep-
tember was a good time to transplant ever-
greens, and told Mr. Douglass to ship early
in that month. He replied: “TI’ll do it,
for I know you will take good care of it, but
if you wanted ten I wouldn’t ship them.”
He did ship, and the tree now adorns my
grounds, but if ever a tree received careful
attention this one did.

His remarks set me thinking. As is well
known, the late Robert Douglass was as well
posted on evergreens as any man in the
country. He loved them, studied them and
roamed through the Rocky Mountains in
search of new species and varieties. While

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

some writers were advocating early fall
planting, here was the past-master of them
all declining to ship me ten. Although he
felt I would handle them carefully he
would risk the trial of only one. I con-
cluded to do some correspondence and run
the matter down. I received answers from
several prominent horticulturists and sub-
mitted them to Mr. William Falconer, who
sifted them through, and the consensus of
opinion was that you could remove them with
safety on your own grounds in the early fall,
proper care being taken, but where trees
were to be obtained from a distance it was
better to wait until spring.

Of course, all newly transplanted trees
should be carefully watered, as the spring
season 1s a dry one.

Highland Park, Il. W. C. EGAN.

Emphatic for Spring

Early spring, as soon as the ground is
settled, I believe is the best time to plant
any and all hardy trees and shrubs.

Last September, we planted in the parks
more than one thousand kalmias, tsugas,
junipers, betulas, and few quercus, acers,
nyssas and other indigenous plants with fairly
good balls of earth, watered and mulched
them well, with a feeling of assurance that
had been built up by reading the many
articles in the several papers that come to
us weekly and monthly, of the great success

OcTosBeER, 1910

of late summer planting, particularly ever-
green trees and shrubs. But, there must
have been some points that we did not get
on to. Most of these plants came through
the winter looking bright, but when Dame
Nature called upon them to get to work
under the gentle influence of heat and rain,
they simply settled back and refused to be-
have themselves. Many of the tsugas
dropped their leaves. A portion of the kal-
mias lost their tops, also the betulas and
junipers. Those that did pull through the
winter looked as if they had had a long siege
of sickness.

This spring we continued the planting,
using two or three times as many of the same
varieties, adding a few rhododendrons and
azaleas, and giving the same careful attention
used last fall, and lost only a few nyssas, —
junipers, and tsugas, some seventeen misses
in over two thousand plants. In former
years we have transplanted a few large
evergreens, shrubs, and trees with large balls
with success, taking time enough to mulch
well and syringe constantly for a few weeks.
In any large or in general planting, I do not
recommend late summer planting, unless one
can give hourly care until new roots are
grown. We shall continue to do all our
planting in early spring and run the risk of
being called old-fashioned and stiff-necked,
ceasing the work as soon as the buds are
ready to break. CHARLES E. KEITH.

Bridgeport, Conn.

When to Plant Peonies

[Epitor’s NotE—We publish below letters from two of the most extensive peony-growers, to whom we addressed a special inquiry as to

the proper time to plant peonies.

concerns the amateur is this: if you want the best, buy peonies in the fall.]

Ns some years we have conducted tests on

our grounds with spring and fall planting
of peonies. These tests have shown that not
only is there nothing gained in spring plant-
ing, but that a loss of time actually results.
Frequently there is a partial rotting of roots
when the plants are moved in the spring —
however early—and complete recovery
sometimes does not take place for two years.
Peonies planted in the spring of 1911, let us
say, will not bloom normally or satisfactorily
even by the summer of 1912, and the blooms
will be surpassed in quality by those of roots
planted six months later — or in the fall of
1911. Even as late as the next year, the
difference in the flowers will be quite evident
to even the casual observer.

I would call attention to Professor J.
Eliot Coit’s book on the peony, written in
connection with the peony work carried on
by Cornell University. On page 108 he says:

“Tf left in the’ground till spring, they put out little
white feeding rootlets with the very first touch of
spring, aS soon as the ground thaws. After this, if
they are transplanted, these rootlets are broken off
and a serious setback is given the plant.”

The italics are mine. I consider that the
statement presents in a nutshell the reason

why peonies should never be moved in the
spring. We planted 600 roots here in the
spring of 1906. The stock was fine and
healthy and they were moved at the right
moment. They did not bloom in 1907,
and failed again in 1908. The main body
of the root rotted away, and they were com-
pelled to make a ‘‘fresh start” from a point
just below the eye. Only this season — four
years later — are they coming into salable
condition.
Sinking Spring, Pa. Wm. W. Kine.

The very best time of all, in my opinion,
for planting peonies, in this latitude is in
October as soon as the foliage is well ripened.
If dug and planted earlier than this, the eyes
are nci so large and the root will show more
tendency to wilt. The peony, however
(and I am now speaking of the Chinensis
class, which embraces 95 per cent. of all
peonies planted) will stand more ill usage
than almost any other flowering plant I
know of; it may be planted at any time
the ground is open from September until
May.

With very few exceptions, however, we
do not ship peonies in the spring, since the

It will be seen that there is a slight difference of expression, but the big practical underlying fact that

frost is hardly out of the ground before the
eyes begin to push upward, and they then
become so brittle that it is almost impossible
to dig and ship without injury. If intended
for spring planting, I would prefer, if the
roots cannot be dug immediately after the
frost goes out, to wait until the 1st of
May, when the tops have made some growth
and have become toughened.

From the planter’s standpoint, as well as
from the grower’s, I do not advise spring
planting, since the buyer must then necessari-
ly take what was left over from the previous
season’s sale, since a peony root does not get
any larger during the winter. ;

To sum up, I would advise the planter to
purchase in the fall, if possible, but if he has
neglected this and is sure of obtaining in the
spring fine roots of the varieties he desires,
there is no real necessity of his waiting until
another fall. But where varieties are sold
out pretty close each season, it would be
greatly to the buyer’s interest to wait until
fall. If, however, the matter of selection
is left largely to the grower, the buyer can
usually get some pretty good stock in spring.

Fairlawn, N. J.

GEORGE H. PETERSON.

Tulips of Yesterday for Gardens of To-day —By John Nott, ¥%

THE INTERESTING REVIVAL OF THE ‘‘COTTAGE”’ TULIP, WITH A LIST OF RELI-
ABLE VARIETIES FOR A SMALL COLLECTION OF THESE BEAUTIFUL MAY FLOWERS

H‘“5 you waked up to the fact that there
is a new tulip craze? It is nothing
less than giving the old ones — the tall,
late, single “cottage” kind — their inning.
Better take advantage of it. October is
the time and, come May, you will be mighty
thankful for the suggestion of extending
the usual tulip season by a second means,
the admirable Darwin type already having
been praised to the skies for that purpose.
In some old gardens of the Atlantic sea-
board a few varieties of cottage tulips still
manage to keep up a semblance of one-
time splendor, and now and then they are
found persisting in the unmown grass
“‘where once the garden was.” It is in the
cottage gardens of England, Scotland, Ire-
land, France, and Flanders, however, that
they have lingered most numerously; and
for that thanks be to the unknown and hum-
ble flower-lovers who, all unconsciously,
became conservators of the beautiful.

The origin of the cottage tulip is lost in
obscurity; for years beyond the recollection
of any one now living, it seems to have been
represented by a great many varieties
abroad and by comparatively few here.
Baker, in his monograph on tulips, says that
Gesner’s tulip (7. Gesneriana) ‘‘is evidently
the original stock of most of the late-flower-

Bouton d’Or, rich yellow, one of the very best;
has cup-shaped flowers

ing garden forms.” This was introduced
from the Levant in 1577, which was twenty-
six years before the introduction of the
sweet-smelling tulip (Z. suaveolens) of
Southern Europe, which the same authority
regards as the source of the early-flowering
garden types, such as the Duc van Thol
group. Of the late varieties in general,
Robinson says: “For about three centuries
they have been grown by florists, who
have raised numerous varieties, which form
an enormous class divided into four sections
—vyiz., breeders or self-flowers, bizarres,
bybloemens, and roses,” the last two some-
times being referred to as violet and rose
bybloemens. Seedlings flowering for the
first time are, as a rule, self-colored. After

a few years —once in a while they have

been known to wait thirty — they ‘“‘break”’
into the flamed type, stripes of color running
from the point of the petals toward the
base, or the feathered type, a finely pen-
ciled color on the margin of the petals.
Bizarres are various reds on yellow, bybloe-
mens mauves and purples on white, and
roses pinks and reds on white.

In form the cottage tulip varies to a
marked degree, as it actually takes in more
than one species. The Gesneriana form of
blossom, long and slightly pointed; the dis-
tinctly cup-shaped, with rounded petals;
the retroflexa, the petals curving out when
the flower is open, and the somewhat similar
fulgens are general sections, a part of which
may be further divided. The term ‘cot-
tage” also includes, apparently more for
cataloguing convenience than any other
reason, some species not accurately classified
therein. The parrot tulip, though a Ges-
neriana (var. Dracontia), is not included.

But whether they are relics of Holland’s
tulip craze of the middle of the seventeenth
century, or a development of florists’ forms
after the collapse of the Dutch boom sent
prices way down, or old breeders, the origin
of the cottage tulips is less important to the
flower-lover of to-day than the adaptabil-
ity of these survivors of ancient gardens to
his needs. Following the daffodils, the
earliest of them are coincident with the last of
the early single and double tulips, while the
latest of them bloom with the Darwins.
Aside from their decorative value in May,
their extreme hardiness recommends them
for permanent borders and for naturalizing,
as well as for ordinary bedding purposes.
Stock picked up in European gardens not
infrequently could be traced back fifty years,
and there is one Dutch variety that is known
to have stood the test for almost a century
and a half.

Hardiness, however, needs decided quali-
fication in this particular instance. Cottage
tulips are ironclad in the sense that they are
not bothered by the rigors of the American
winter. Planted in bold clumps in the

193

hardy border or allowed to run at large in
the grass or wild garden, they will flourish
undisturbed for years and produce bloom
entirely satisfactory in ordinary circum-
stances. But in the garden of the collector,
who does care a great deal whether his
tulips drop down more or less from absolute
perfection of size and so on, or whether
certain varieties peter out altogether, some
renewals will always be necessary. In
short, the amateur will do well to bear in
mind that in a collection of named varieties
newly imported cottage bulbs do not do any
better here than early tulips. They will
live, but several of them break so badly
after the first year that the only safe plan
is to buy fresh bulbs annually. The bulbs
all come from abroad, where the conditions
for their development are better. An en-
deavor was made to build up a British
Columbia stock from Irish bulbs, but no
report as to its success is at hand.

Mr. Chester Hunt, who has a great variety
ot the cottage type in his notable collection
of tulips at Montclair, strongly advises deep
planting, the precise depth depending on
the nature of the soil. He plants six inches,
but five, he thinks, would answer in a heavy,

Isabella, or Shandon Bells, pointed type; becomes
more colored as it ages

124

wet soil. Plant with a trowel, so
that there may be no danger of
the bulbs hanging, and put half
an inch of sand in the hole. The
bulbs may go into the ground any
time in October before the ground
is so cold as to check root growth.
Quite as strongly he advises pro-
tection from the west wind; his
ideal situation is the front of a
west border. Both cottage and
Darwin tulips suffer as much
from wind as from low tempera-
ture, and, if exposed, they should
be protected by a canvas wind-
break when coming into bloom.
If exhibition blooms of either
are wanted, some protection from
the sun is also necessary, as the
lighter colors spot more than in
the case of the early varieties.
Another point, cottage tulips must
not be allowed to freeze in spring;
always keep some litter at hand
to throw over them after the beds
are uncovered if weather condi-
tions require it. For the best re-
sults the’ bulbs must be taken up
when the foliage has dried down
after flowering, and in any case
they would better not be left in
a bed or border more than three
years without resetting.

There is an endless variety of
cottage tulips, many of recent
garden origin having been added
to the old kinds. All told, it is
probable that from two hundred
to two hundred and fifty could be
brought together. Now and then
the same variety will be listed
under two or three names; but,
fortunately, there is a tendency
on the part of the dealers to use
the synonyms in their catalogues.
This confusion is natural enough.
Some of the varieties have been in
the market, as such, for half a
century, but cottage tulips have
been popular no more than a de-
cade, and it is only some twenty
years ago that dealers began rescuing them
from the old gardens. The same variety
occasionally came to light in more than one
place, and perhaps was officially identified
by one man and given an original name by
another. Even where the names are distinct
there is sometimes only a scarcely perceptible
variation. It should be borne in mind dis-
tinctly that no one list exhausts the array of
varieties. Any dealer, however, will gladly
submit as long a list as desired if the request
is made in June — when the foreign orders
go in.

The best short list of the cheaper varie-
ties, by actual test in American gardens, is as
follows:

Bouton d’Or; best dark yellow.

Fairy Queen; heliotrope, pale yellow
margin.

Fulgens; glowing red.

Golden Crown; yellow, feathered red.

La Merveille; orange red.

there are:

AM St IOe Gosatled ID) 18; IN’

The forms of the Cottage tulips are greatly varied. From top to bottom

Retrofiexa, yellow; Picotee, white, edged pink; Isabella, almond
yellow and carmine; Vitellina, yellow; Golden Crown, yellow, edged red

Parisian Yellow; pale yellow.

Striped Beauty; white, flaked rose crim-
son.

Picotee; white, rose pink margin.

Rose Mignon; cream white, striped pink.

Isabella; almond yellow and pink.

Naturally, the prices of cottage tulips
vary according to the rarity of the variety.
Bouton d’Or, for instance, is only three cents
a bulb, while the Lizard and Fawn cost ten,
Innocence twenty, and John Ruskin twenty-
five. Between these extremes there are thirty-
six easily obtainable varieties, more than
half of which are five cents and under.
In quantity they run from twenty-five cents
to two dollars and a half a dozen and from
one dollar and seventy-five cents to eighteen
dollars a hundred.

A more expensive list of about the same
length would be:

The Fawn; pale buff and blush.

Firefly; orange red, flaked yellow.

MAGAZINE

OcrTosBseEr, 1910

Flava; lemon yellow.

Gesneriana lutea pallida; pale
yellow.

Glare of the Garden; dark
crimson scarlet.

Inglescombe Pink; rose, flushed
salmon.

Innocence; pure white.

The Lizard; bronze, crimson
and deep yellow.

John Ruskin; apricot and
pink.

Orange Globe; brillliant or-
ange.

Vitellina; pale yellow.

The Moor; dark maroon crim-
son.

Union Jack; white, striped with
amaranth.

Some of the varieties show curi-
ous changes of color. Picotee,

‘ for instance, opens pure white.

Then a faint crimson lake red
appears on the edge of the petals
and spreads so far over them that
the blossom is actually pink when

opens pale primrose yellow.
Gradually it deepens; then a
faint line of red appears on the
edge and broadens until there is
a general orange tone. Isabella
passes from almond yellow into
a deep pink.

All cottage tulips are called
tall, but the heights are by no
means uniform, depending some-
what on local circumstances. Six-
teen to twenty-six inches may be
called the natural range in this
country, according to the variety.
Mrs. Moon, a superb golden yel-
low, is catalogued in England at
twenty-eight inches, and Fulgens
and Gesneriana lutea pallida at
twenty-four.

Similarly, the “late May”
blooming period is to be taken
only in a general sense. The
following table shows the dates
in May when twenty-six typical
varieties were in their first prime in the
neighborhood of New York City last year;

May 2. Gala Beauty, La Panachée, Retro-
flexa, Golden Crown;

May 7. Le Reve;

May to. Fulgens, Mrs. Moon, Rosalind,
Union Jack, Vitellina;

May 14. Fairy Queen, Gesneriana Major,
Picotee, Sunset, York and Lancaster;

May 16. Fawn, Firefly, Inglescombe Scar-
let, Inglescombe Pink, John Ruskin,
Leghorn Bonnet, La Merveille, Miss
Wilmot, Silver Queen, Striped Beauty;

May 22. Royal White.

This lateness of bloom makes the cot-
tage tulips less desirable for formal beds
than the early kind. As a rule, it is
wiser to use the dwarfer varieties for
such purposes, the taller ones fitting better
into bold border lines and masses and
naturalistic effects.

it “passes off.” Golden Crown °

OcrosBpeER, 1910

(Eprtor’s Note.—We want to know how suc-
cessful workers do things —in order to put actual
experiences before our thousands of readers in all
parts of the country. Every reader is invited to con-
tribute a short note on some interesting experience.
Just state the facts about some ingenious idea that you
have actually worked out yourself or have seen.)

When traveling, in this country or abroad,
one often refrains from picking up seeds,
bulbs, and plants because ‘‘there isn’t room
for them.” .It is well to remember that they
can always be sent by mail or express, ad-
dressed to one’s self, and that, if sent from
abroad, they now come in duty free. Letter
instruction as to the temporary care of
plants should, it follows, be sent to some
member of the family at the same time.—
lal, Saws

I have been trying for more than a year
to find out how to apply wood ashes as a fer-
tilizer, and how long it takes for fresh manure
to become the ‘‘well-rotted manure” that
one is told, a thousand times a year, to use.
I have written to nurserymen, but to no
avail. They tell me how they turn the
manure over and turn the hose on it, but as
I have no water and no hose for this purpose
it does me no good. And anyway, I would
not know just when the manure arrived at
a condition which would permit it to be
thrown around young trees and bushes and
flowers. What I want to know is how long
must fresh manure remain in a heap in the
barn-yard, exposed to a rain about once a
week, before it becomes well rotted enough to
put around plants. And it is the same way
with ashes. How much fresh oak-wood
ashes can be put on the ground around a
bush, and how close to the stem, without
hurting it? One old lady of my acquaint-
ance says that one can put a couple of gallons
around, about a foot from the stem, and hoe
it in and it will be safe. I think I shall try
this, as I have a henhouse full of ashes to
experiment with, and over a thousand young
trees and shrubs to be risked.—J. T. B.

One thing that Northern people espe-
cially should learn when they come to the
latitude of Oklahoma is that it is a waste of
time to attempt to grow blue grass, white
clover, etc. Bermuda grass in this latitude
is the only thing possible, and it is so satis-
factory that it ought to have the preference
anyway. It makes a beautiful soft sod,
stands the hottest, driest weather, and keeps
its color. People told me it would kill all
my shrubs, roses, young plants, etc., but I

THE GARDEN

think this is the veriest nonsense, for it does
not endure shade and is easily kept in sub-
jection by cultivation. I am _ disgusted
when I think that I allowed myself to be
scared out of planting Bermuda grass for
three years after I came to this locality.
Ibota privet and Bermuda grass would do
much to beautify this section of the United
States, and require almost no care. I con-
sider the Ibota much superior to the Cali-
fornia in beauty and grace of growth, as well
as in hardiness against heat and cold.—B.

Admirers of dainty, airy, light bouquets
to grace the dining-table should make a note
in their garden book to obtain seed next year
of the annual Gypsophila elegans, var. grandi-
flora, and Saponaria Vaccaria, and sow them
outdoors in separate rows in the spring,
making separate sowings, say ten days apart.
If sown at the same time, they bloom together
and the combination is charming —a pure
white and a satiny pink. ‘The gypsophila
is also splendid to lighten up a bouquet
of sweet peas, and being a pure white, may
be used with any color.— W. C. E.

Last fall I had ripe tomatoes and lettuce
until after Thanksgiving, though frost came
early in October. I then picked off all the
largest tomatoes, whether they showed signs
of ripening or not, those which were about
turning being spread on a table in a cool
room. The green ones I picked with as
much stem as possible, and wrapped each
one in heavy brown paper, packed them in
boxes and stored them in a cool, dark cellar.
I looked them over once a week, and took out
any which showed color. The vines still
held dozens of green tomatoes, so we pulled
them up by the roots, and buried them, vines
and all, in a pile of dry grass clippings.
They ripened even more slowly and naturally
than those stored in the cellar. I aired
them several times upon clear, dry days to
prevent mildew or rot. The lettuce I trans-
planted in October from my garden to last
spring’s hotbed. It was in a sunny, shel-
tered spot; the soil, of course, was rich, and
the only care I gave was to water occasion-
ally and put on the hotbed sash as the
weather grew cold. Had I protected it with
mats I would have had fine lettuce all
winter.—R. G. P.

It requires twelve forkfuls of well-rotted
manure to fill a garden wheelbarrow of large
size, although, of course, this varies according
to the condition of the manure. The weight
varies even more than the bulk. When
manure is soaking out (as it usually is when
sold by weight), a wheelbarrow load would
weigh from sixty to seventy pounds, but if
the manure is very dry it would probably
not be heavier than thirty-five pounds. A
good average figure to go by is fifty pounds
for a wheelbarrow full of manure.—W. M. C.

Some years ago I got from a country gar-
den a tuber of an old cactus dahlia. Two
years ago it was planted close to a cellar
wall and was forgotten at digging time.
The next spring it came up. Last year I left

MAGAZINE

125

it in the ground intentionally; it was in blos-
som this year, June 2oth. Next spring I
shall transplant it away from the house, and
cover with leaves. It would be interesting if
we could, by selection of the sturdiest, pro-
duce a race of hardy dahlias. One would
lose the increase of tubers if they were left in
the ground, but save the bother of digging,
storing, and planting again.— W. F. H.

The murdering of plant names is really one
of the pleasures of gardening. Catalogues
which contain foreign or classical words are
triumphs of the art of how not to do it.
But the pronunciation of some of the growers
is a still greater triumph. One prominent
raiser of dahlias is proud of a variety which
he spells properly ‘‘Himmlische,’”’ but pro-
nounces ‘‘ Himmelisky.”—H.

Where there is much smoking of cigars in a
country place, it is a good plan to empty the
ash-receivers regularly into a tin pail kept
in some out-of-the-way place. The butts
can be soaked to make “tobacco water,”
or thrown in with coarse fertilizers, and the
ashes can be mixed with garden or potted
soil. Or the butts, ashes, and burnt matches
can be contributed to the compost heap.
All tobacco refuse is worth going “‘back to
dae Soy y——18, (Ee

I have gathered a collection of perennial
larkspurs from all quarters and found
them all subject to the spot. Burbank’s
early hybrids are surely the most free from
it, as they are the sturdiest. In my garden
the spot does not seem to spread from one
plant to another, as an absolutely healthy
one will grow next to one badly infected.
I have found no spray effective, and have
found no gardener who has. But if one
keeps constant watch, he can keep the
pest easily within bounds, by pinching
off leaves and buds that show signs of
disease. One should not wait for the
black marks, but should note the earliest
wrinkling. It is not so heroic as it
sounds to take out buds, for the plant
will send out side shoots below, and an
infected bud never gives a decent bloom.
Small plants should be ruthlessly pulled
up and burned.—W. F. H.

I have noticed in several agricultural
papers pictures of men cutting asparagus.
In each one of these pictures the men are
standing alongside of the row with both feet
in one of the trenches, and the basket lies
on top of the row. The proper way to cut
asparagus is to cut two rows at a time, hold
as much as you can in the left hand, then
lay the handful down on top of the row with
the butts toward the next row to be cut.
Then when the next two rows are cut, the
handfuls should be laid down so that the
butts come opposite those which were placed
on the row first cut. In that way, when the
man picks up the “‘grass,” he can walk
between the two rows and pick up two hand-
fulsatatime. This saves jumping from row
to row when picking up, and prevents spears
from being trodden upon.—W. J. Y.

Children’s Garden Luncheon

(Ge Ne and Missouri vegetables,
raised by the children, and served
as a Salad in Boston!

Don’t say that it’s impossible, for it really
happened. Don’t say either that the Cana-
dian children couldn’t get fresh gooseberries
there in shape or that those Kansas young-
sters couldn’t send beets. For they did.
Fresh eggs and honey came from North
Carolina. Oklahoma went so far as to send
a cake, an eatable one too, made of potato
flour, from the children’s raisings of potatoes.
And the boys and girls of North Adams,
Massachusetts, raised corn and made the
corn muffins.

Don’t you wish you’d been there? Do
you ask when, where, and how? It all hap-
pened at the National Educational Asso-
ciation, in Boston, this last summer.

A call was sent out here and there for
products from the children’s own gardens
to serve as a luncheon in honor of Assistant
Secretary Hays of the Department of Agri-
culture. It seemed a most fitting thing to
do, but to many quite impossible. The
Institute of Technology opened its doors.
It seemed for a while as if nothing from
the children was going to pass through
those doors.

But the day of the luncheon, products
literally tumbled over one another to get
in. Montana’s offering arrived in a big
packing case with an ice-jacket on it. Canada

Jonquils, planted in sand, ready to come to light.
Stones steady bulbs

WHAT A WONDERFUL THING OF
MYSTERY IS A BULB! WITHIN

ITS MANY LAYERS, DEEPLY EM-

BEDDED, ALREADY FORMED, IS THE
BLOSSOM TO BE. WHAT IT CAN
DO IN THE BLOSSOMING LINE IS
ALREADY SETTLED WITHIN ITSELF

. Conducted by
ELLEN EDDY SHAW
New York

came in with the British colors flying. New
York’s lettuce walked in on two feet, instead
of on its own head. as it should have done.
Of course, Massachusetts and Maine had
no trouble at all in sending products.

Even the decorations of the banqueting
room itself came from the children of Rhode
Island, Pennsylvania, and Canada. A nice
little garden in Wellesley sent one hundred
nosegays of cornflower to bedeck the guests.

Beside the materials for food and the
decorations, there was a large exhibit of
products and pictures of work.

Mrs. Ellen Richards, president of the
National Home Economics Association,
and Dr. Balcomb, of the Providence (Rhode
Island) Normal School, were chiefly respon-
sible for the success of this occasion.

What does it all mean, the luncheon, this
exhibit, the meeting together of professional
people all interested in the subject of school
gardens? It points to a larger future for
this work, a need for better preparation, a
desire for help from all avenues, a lessening
of the personal element in the work and a
widening of a sense of oneness in work large
enough for all. This will surely come true
if the hoped-for national aid is forthcoming.

The work is growing in the best sort of
ways, slowly and surely. Next year more
states, more children, and better trained
people will be in the work. You had better
get in touch with all of us.

A Bulb Club

ayBe following is written from Cincin-
nati and tells of a practical piece of
work done by one woman there:

Inspired by an article in last November’s
GARDEN MacazinE, I at once planned to
make it possible for some tenement children
to raise bulbs.

The head worker in the University Settle-
ment agreed to supply the children, the
bulbs, lessons in planting and care, etc.
So my first Bulb Club, as we called it, was
started five weeks before Christmas, mak-
ing twenty little children the proud pos-
sessors of a bowl each of blooming narcissus
on Christmas day.

Each child was given a shallow glass bowl,
three Paper White narcissus bulbs, and
enough shells to hold the bulbs firmly in
place. A little charcoal was put in with
the shells. After the lesson on planting,

126

I gave to each one a narcissus flower, ex-
plaining that if they took good care of their
bulbs they would have flowers quite as
pretty in every way. ‘This seemed to inter-

. est them greatly.

Our club met twice before Christmas. I
read stories about flowers and had reports
on the progress of the bulbs. I went to
several of the homes at various times. One
of ‘‘my” little girls, her mother, father, and
six younger brothers and sisters lived in
two small rooms on the fourth floor of a
tenement-house. I found the bulbs most
tenderly cared for by the entire family.

I chose Paper White narcissus because
they are of the easiest possible culture and
it is almost hard to make them fail to bloom.
One little girl succeeded, however: she
thought I surely was mistaken when I said
they must not be kept in a very warm place,
so put her bowl almost on the stove, with
never a breath of air. Of course the buds
blasted. She has joined the second club.

The Settlement workers say that through
no other class have they been able to get

Keep in dark until
roots reach bottom of glass

Perfect root development.

Ocroser, 1910

at whole families so well as through mine.
Mothers and older sisters have come in
often to ask questions and tell of the happi-
ness brought into otherwise flowerless homes.
This winter I want to make it possible
for many, many more children to have bulbs,
and I do hope that this little account of my
first club may inspire other women who
love children and flowers, to do likewise.

Monthly Suggestions

The following suggestions apply as well
to the home garden as to the school garden:

(z) Clean up the school garden. Cut
out all old plant growth.

(2) Start a compost pile of leaves.

(3) Buy your bulbs at once.

(4) Wash all old and new flower pots.

(5) Make markers to label pots of bulbs.

(6) Have the children gather any good
flower or vegetable seeds from the garden.
Dry these thoroughly by placing on a sunny
window sill.

(7) The primary children
seed envelopes for hand work.

(8) Put the big boys right to work on
window boxes, if these are needed.

(9) Boys of the intermediate grades can
make a set of sieves for fall potting use.

(to) Make screens from laths and cheese
cloth. Thus be ready for early frost.

(tr) Try this. Make a seed-bed in a
sheltered corner where drainage is good.
Fill in with soil from the woods.

(x2) Fall planting is another good lesson
for children. Plant seeds of phlox, poppy,
lettuce, endive, and radish.

(13) Try some small fruits. It is just
the month to set out currants and goose-
berry bushes.

(14) Why not plant a barberry or dog-
wood bush on the school grounds?

(15) September is the peony planting time.

(16) Harvest beets, carrots, and turnips.
Leave an inch of stalk above the root when
you cut off the leaves.

(t7) Do not forget to get your work in
before the school garden contest closes.
This date is October 31st. But do not wait
until the last minute. Send in at once your
garden plan, a description of your work,
pictures and products, if possible.

can make

Use a bit of a broken pot arched
over the hole and one inch of coarse
drainage material to prevent washing

Note coarse soil next to drainage
material. Leave one-half inch free
space at top for watering

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Bulb Culture in a Nutshell

Tee to buy — Place orders from the middle
of August to the middle of September.
Selection — Choose bulbs which are large, heavy
for their size, firm, and spotless.

VARIETIES FOR OUTDOOR PLANTING OR BEDDING

Tulips Brutus Chrysolora |Pottebakker | Duc Van
(red) (yellow) (white) Thol
Narcissus |GoldenSpur |Van Sion Campernelle | Poeticus
Hyacinth |Rose Max- |King of the |King of the | Bouquet
ima Blues Yellows Royal
(white)

VARIETIES FOR INDOOR PLANTING OR FORCING

Tulips Crimson Yellow Rose Duc Van
. King(red)| Prince Grisdelin Thol
Narcissus |Spurius Horsfieldi {Van Sion Paper
Major White

Hyacinths |King of the |Sarah L’Innocence | Roman
Blues Bernhardt (white) Varieties
(pink)

Preparation of soil — For the outdoor bed, spade
in well rotted manure digging down about 18 inches.
Have manure below where bulbs are to rest.
Place bulbs on a cushion of sand. Cover the soil
to proper depth. Just before frost, cover the bed
with a thick layer of leaves; two inches of manure
may be put on first. Never plant the outdoor bed
in wet weather.

For indoor planting a good potting soil is 3 parts
loam, r part leaf mold, and 1 part sand. Leaf mold
is not necessary, but it adds humus and enables
the soil to hold more moisture.

Potting — Two of the pictures on this page tell
the story of potting.

One may use for this work pots, pans, and flats.
The pan has some advantages over the pot. It
takes up less room and shows less of red clay.

In reckoning on the number of bulbs to allow
for a given size of pot and pan, this table may help:

NO. OF 6-IN. POT 8-4N. PAN
Tulips 5 Io
Narcissus 2 8-I0
Hyacinths 2 8
Crocuses 6 I2

The flat is just a low box which holds a number
of bulbs. A good size is the following: 2 x x x 4 ft.
The bottom may be made by simply nailing narrow
boards across, leaving ? inch spaces between each.
This gives ample drainage space. A flat of these
dimensions holds 40 tulip bulbs

In planting the flat, place first ? inch of broken
pot, cinders, shells, or stone for drainage. Then
r-inch soil should be put over this, and place bulbs
on this layer of soil.

Depth to place bulbs — In regular planting and
potting, consult the two tables below:

OvuTDOOR PLANTING

Moles 6 5 6 6 6 alle o ADM, Gea 4 in. apart
INGRGISSUSHRMe ts im a gee ed An %
Hyacinths A 5 sks Omea baa ers ‘
(CrOCUSES Homey eel Se/spl. sim ron) iv ee Hgts s

Force now. Protruding roots sig-
nify that the pot is full of good root
development

127

INDOOR POTTING
Tulips, 1 in. below surface Hyacinths, 4 in. below surface
Narcissus, to the surface Crocuses, 4 in. below surface

Care of Potted Bulbs — After potting, place in
the cold and dark for from 5 to 12 weeks. Water
enough to prevent the soil from drying out. A
better method is the following: Dig a trench 18
inches deep. Fill in 6 inches with ashes. Place
on this layer the potted bulbs. Water well. Cover
with soil or coal ashes. Leave out until time
to bringin. Unless little rain falls, the bulbs will
need no further attention.

Time to Bring Bulbs to Light — When there is a
wonderful root development, so great that the roots
are pushing through the drainage hole, bring up
the bulbs to light. Another point to hold in mind
in this, that the leaves must also be developed to the
point of spreading apart. Thus the bud can easily
push up and out.

HovusE-TEMPERATURE TABLE

Dinnesroohing ris -teiet eed eemeen ce) 4) 5. 4oldegrees
ROrsexKOw th OM Sfeniial-: ston ute, foMiianisl tee ure ie o'5O uf
For growth of foliage Dol hie sD. cob Deka mere) *
Moribest Mowers seer eas, ) tel ee pe iehceye Ge sn 60 s§
Best all-around temperature . . . 55 se

NotE — 8o per cent. of bulb failures is due to the high tem-
peratures under which bulbs are grown.

For Broom FROM CHRISTMAS TO EASTER
Potted Third Week in October

Chinese lilies bloom from Dec. 23 to Jan. 12.
Double Roman narcissus from Jan. 13 to Jan. 25.
Grand Soleil d’Or narcissus from Jan. 22 to Feb. 13.
Crocus from Feb. 7 to Mar. 12.

Van Sion narcissus from Mar. 7 to Mar. 25.
Princess Marianne tulip from Mar. 23 to Apr. o.

Water Culture — Chinese lilies, Paper White
narcissus, and Roman hyacinths do well planted
in sand and water. Do not neglect the period
inthe dark. This is as necessary as it is in the case
of earth culture.

To grow hyacinths in glasses, choose the varieties
recommended in the catalogues. Use soft rain
water and place a bit of charcoal in the glass.
Keep water just touching the base of the bulb.
Place in the dark until the root system has reached
the bottom of the glass.

Hints on Culture — Water bulbs freely during
the flowering stages. To prevent bulbs blossoming
low on short flower stems, get a big root growth
before the tops start. Another way is to put paper
cones over the top of the bulb. Make the cone one
foot high with an upper opening the size of a half-
dollar.

To avoid blasted flowers, be sure no draft
strikes the flower beds.

To insure large blossoms, buy large bulbs.

To get Christmas bloom, plant Chinese lily, Paper
White narcissus, and Duc Van Thol tulips. This
is the only tulip which can be used for Christmas
blossoming.

After Blossoming — Let the flowers completely
wither, dry and die. This will take weeks. Then
cut all foliage down to about one inch from the bulb.

Summary — Good bulbs — perfect drainage —
fine root development — proper temperature: ob-
serve these points carefully, and success is sure.

The opening of the outer leaves say
also that it is time to bring the pot
into heat to force

i
‘

Getting the Better of Early Frost

CTOBER is clearing-up month in the garden.
Don’t think this is a job that you can skip,
and expect to come out lucky in spring. Clean the
ground thoroughly, clearing away all refuse. Burn
what will burn, and don’t leave any lying around
to decay and breed insects and pests of all kinds. It
is not too late to sow rye in all ground that is cleared;
but if you were troubled to any great extent with
worms of various kinds last season, I would advise
trenching the ground in preference. Trench deep,
but wait until you are likely to have a sharp freezing
spell shortly after doing so. The trenches should
be about two feet deep and the same distance apart.
Usually about the first or second week in October
we have a killing frost. This lays low all tender
vegetables, such as beans, corn, etc. Then a few
weeks of good weather is likely to follow. It seems
a great mistake to let this first frost rob us of our
gardens. When you are confronted by steady
freezing weather you must throw up your hands,
but there are ways and means of preventing this
first frost from entirely ruining the garden. Beans,
lettuce, corn, bush limas, and all tender vegetables
can be saved from destruction by a covering of
burlap, and a pepper or egg plant by a barrel or an
old box, and they will last a long time. In some
gardens a smudge fire is used. The fire is always
placed to the windward of the garden. This
matter was taken up in detail in THE GARDEN
MaGazineE for October, 1909.

Don’t house your celery now; it is apt to get
tough and stringy. If you place it in trenches be-
fore very cool weather is here, it is likely to rot. If
you leave it out-of-doors it gets nipped with the frost,
and while celery can stand considerable frost (in
fact, frost improves its flavor), it cannot stand heavy
freezing, especially if the sun hits it right after it
has been frozen. I have a scheme which I have
tried for two seasons, and it works to perfection. I
never store my celery before the middle of Novem-
ber, but during the early frosts of late October and
early November I cover it with salt hay. I don’t
leave the hay on the plants. I always remove it
the next morning; in fact, there are few nights when
it is necessary to put it on, but those few nights are
just enough to ruin a nice batch of celery. By
this method I don’t need to store my celery before

Trench the garden to improve the soil, but dig
deeper than is shown here

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

the ground gets cool and the crop is well hardened
up, and the cool nights have put flavor into the stalks
that can’t be done any other way. Celery thus
hardened and handled will never deteriorate one
particle; I take celery from the trenches in March
that is just as solid and as fine as when placed there.

Some of the root crops can be stored during
October. Beets, carrots, salsify, etc., can all be
lifted now, the tops removed with a knife, and
placed in trenches for the winter. Don’t do this
during wet weather, as root crops should go into
the trenches, dry —that is, there should be no
outside moisture on the roots, or they would decay.
I always store my root vegetables in outdoor
trenches. Some growers ‘put them in the cellar;
they keep well there, but are apt to dry out con-
siderably and thus lose a certain amount of their
flavor. By storing in trenches, although perhaps a
little more troublesome, the vegetables are kept
moist and therefore retain their good qualities.
In fact, after cooking I defy any one to tell me the
difference between a fresh grown beet and one taken
from an outside trench.

To prepare a trench, dig a space the size required
about three feet deep and place the vegetables in
fixed places, so you will know later on where they
are. Save room for parsnips and turnips, as these
two vegetables should be left out until they have
been frosted to get their best flavor. Then cover
with about one foot of hay and sprinkle a little dirt
over thistokeepitdown. As cold weather advances
keep adding some hay and a little dirt — leaves will
do just as well — and always sprinkle some dirt in
among the vegetables before covering them up, as
this helps to keep them moist.

Long Island. W. C. McCortom.

liprror’s Norr: Next month the storing of
celery for the winter will be taken up. This is an im-
portant point that very amateur should know about.|

Bulbs for California Gardens

VERY one who has a garden in California
should grow bulbs— plenty of them and
lots of kinds —for the climate and conditions
particularly suit them. Planted best in October and
November when the ground can easily be put into
condition after the first rains, they grow right through
the winter, bothered neither by birds nor insects,
are easily weeded, and bloom gloriously f om Jan-
uary to June. As their growth is made during the
rains, there is required little or no care in watering,
and if planted in the wilder parts of the garden
they may be left to ripen their foliage undisturbed,
until their summer rest is over and they come up
again. Unless you are out for experience, don’t
try planting bulbs in open beds in geometrical
patterns, as is so often done in parks in the East,
for in California the sun is so strong they succeed
much better in the filtered shade of deciduous trees,
in orchards, in borders, or banked around houses.
Taking them in order of blooming, Narcissus
Tazetta comes first, as, when planted in the
open ground, where they are quite hardy, Paper
White will bloom by Christmas, and other varieties
like Grand Monarque, Mont Cenis, and Queen of
the Yellows follow in January and early February.
All these are much better than the Chinese Sacred
lily, which is quite an inferior narcissus.

The campernelle jonquil (Rugulosus) comes
next with two or three pretty daffodil-like flowers
on each stem. Then follow the real daffodils,
which do well even in the heaviest adobe soils.
For a selection try Golden Spur, early yellow trum-
pet; Victoria, early white with yellow trumpet;
Emperor, later yellow trumpet; Empress, its com-
panion, white and yellow trumpet; Sir Watkin, fine
early robust, yellow medium cup; Stella Superba,
white and yellow cup; Barrii Conspicuus, late
yellow with orange cup, rimmed scarlet if it opens
in the shade; Mrs. Langtry, late white cup; or
Leedsii; and Poeticus Ornatus, the earlier variety
of pheasant eye. These are all cheap, tried kinds;
and if some of the earlier ones are given a southern
exposure and some of the later ones a northern, it
is quite easy to have daffodils for two months.

Early-flowering tulips are the most disappoint-
ing bulbs you can grow in California. When a
warm spell comes in February they think it is

Ocrosper. 1910

spring, come at once to the surface, and are forced
into bloom on stems about an inch long. There-
fore leave alone early tulips and plant the Darwins
and the late cottage tulips which do well and make
long stems if grown in tempered sunlight. Try
the effect of a hundred crimson Gesneriana Major
planted in the shade of a shrubbery border, a dainty
planting of white and pink edged Picotee or yellow
Retroflexa along a path, or clumps of fine named
Darwins in the border.

Hyacinths, like tulips and daffodils, should be
planted about four inches deep and six inches apart,
but it is well to remember that their stiff formality
is not very suitable to natural planting and that
they lack the permanency desirable in bulbs, in-
variably deteriorating after the first year, and
finally dying out.

Among the undeservedly less planted bulbs are
the Spanish and English iris, bulbous varieties
which bridge in the gap between the German and
Japanese, and give over three months of iris bloom
between them all. Named varieties of Spanish
iris, like King of the Blues, Chrysolora, or British
Queen, can be bought at $1 or less a hundred.
Planted three inches deep, and six inches apart in the
sun if you want April bloom or on the north side of
the house for later flowers, they will do well either
in sandy soil or adobe, and increase until they
have to be divided. Rather than plant mixtures,
try clumps of one good color or broad plantings of
harmonizing or contrasting shades. Some one
who has a nice dried-up arroyo on his property
should plant a few thousand on the sides. The
English iris gives somewhat larger and broader
flowers in colors ranging from white through fine
blue to violet; but as it is less free and robust in
growth, needs more water and is much more ex-
pensive, it is more grown for the beauty of its
individual flowers than for garden pictures.

All the South African bulbs seem to thrive th
California, are quite hardy outdoors in winter,
and enjoy the baking they get all summer. Indeed,
freesias, ixias, and tritonias often seed, and I have
seen large natural groups formed in that way.
The large summer-flowering gladioli are planted
either in the autumn or spring, or both if you want
a succession of bloom; but the early Gladiolus Col-
villet and the manus or dwarf varieties should be

lanted from October to December. The white
Colvillei, the Bride, grows tall and graceful, and is
as beautiful in masses in the garden as it is when
cut for decoration; but varieties like Blushing
Bride and Peach Blossom, because of their dwarf
growth and delicate flowers, are at their best when
cut, as they open more beautifully in a room than
in the hot sun.

Ixlas are only being discovered for outdoor use,
yet they are cheap, easily grown in the lighter soils,
and make pretty pictures with their lovely spikes
of starry, dark-eyed flowers on long wiry stems.
They can be had in yellow, white, red, and inter-
vening shades and take up so little room that they
may be planted among daffodils and in April
brighten up the place that had passed out of bloom
a month before. j

Cal. SripNEY B. MITcHELL.

Cover the celery with hay to prevent freezing and
to retain flavor

a iim

Work in the Apple Orchard

N NEW YORK and similar climates, most of the
winter apples are picked during October.
After apples have been well grown the next essential
is that they should be fully ripe before picked.
And they will not ripen unless the tree has been
so pruned as to let in the sunshine, and the foliage
sprayed with Bordeaux to prevent leaf blight.
The leaves must be kept intact and healthy until
the apples are fully ripe. The leaf is the feeding
organ, through which the apple takes nourishment
from the atmosphere, and when fungus destroys
the leaves the apples stop developing. Some
growers have found that spraying for leaf blight
prevents the apples from falling, and that they
cling better to the stem.

For the finest flavor, leave the apples on the tree
until they are fully colored, which, with most of
the apples in this locality, is some time in October.
Don’t hurry to get the apples picked for fear of
injury from frost or because of droppings and wind-
falls. Give the red varieties time to get red all over.
Such varieties as the Northern Spy will be of poor
quality if picked when partly green, but if left on
the tree until of a natural red color the flavor will
be excellent. If part of the crop ripens first, pick
them, but not the whole crop until the color shows
allthe apples are ripe. ‘The pippins and other green
varieties of apples show more yellow when ripe.

The next question is how to pick the apples most
easily and without injury. This problem is best
solved by growing low-headed trees, so that one
can reach all the apples standing either on the
ground or on a step ladder. Some of the apple
pickers attached to long handles do good work.
These, if used from the ground or step ladder, do
not bruise or break the branches as do long heavy
ladders. If one has many apples to pick, it is a
good plan to make a bag of burlap, large enough
to reach just below the waist, to suspend from the
shoulders. Such a bag holds about half a bushel
and leaves both hands free.

When picking an apple hold the branch or twig
with one hand, and with the other take hold of
the apple and break the stem, and so avoid break-
ing small twigs and marring the trees. Never drop
an apple. The skin must not be even slightly
bruised, but kept perfect and intact. Only in this
way can rot germs be kept out of the apples.

In storing apples for winter, the temperature
must be kept low and even, and light and air ex-
cluded as much as possible. When I was a boy I
remember we used to bury a part of the apple crop
in the ground because of the lack of a good cellar,
and in the spring we would dig them up, finding
them fresh, juicy, and with all their natural flavor.

A cellar with a furnace in it does not keep apples
well. -It should be partitioned off with a separate
apartment for fruit and vegetables.

My plan of preserving apples for winter in the
cellar is as follows: As fast as the apples are picked
they are carried into the cellar and carefully spread
out, either on racks or on the cellar floor. A cement
or clay cellar bottom is just as good as a rack or
apple bin, but it is a good plan to put boards or
burlap over it first. JI spread the apples only a
few inches deep and open all the cellar windows,
so as to make the cellar as cool as possible. The
apples can be left spread out in this way until
December, at which time they should be sorted,
and those taken out that show signs of decay.
Wrap the sound fruit wanted through the winter
for dessert in tissue paper, pack in barrels, and head.

Store the apples wanted for culinary purposes in
barrels, boxes, or bins, without wrapping; and
those that are not perfectly sound make into sauce
and can, or into jelly, marmalades, etc.

The plan of burying apples in the ground for
spring use is very simple. When picking the apples
late in the fall, dig a pit about twenty-four inches
deep, and place the apples in it, first putting a
little straw in the bottom to keep the apples clean.
If the apples are rounded up a little above the sur-
face, the pit will shed water better when covered.
Lay some straw and boards over the apples until
the hard freezing weather comes; then shovel

Let the apples get properly ripened before picking
them, if you want good flavor

several inches of soil over them. Open the pit
when the frost goes out of the ground in the spring.
Incubator houses built to preserve an even
temperature, also unused refrigerators, are good
places in which to store apples during the late fall
and early winter months, as they preserve the cool
even temperature so much needed for stored fruit.
New York. W. H. JENKINS.

Evaporating Fruit on a Small
Scale .

| See of the old method of sun drying, we
use a portable evaporator. We have been
successful with all kinds of fruit, okra, and corn.
Our evaporator is constructed of wood except
the bottom and firebox, which are of sheet iron.
The evaporator proper is three feet wide by five
long, is two feet high above the firebox or furnace,
has a partition in the centre with cleats nailed on
the sides to support the trays, there being ten of
these, five fitting in on either side of the partition.
It has a roof-like cover and small holes for ventila-
tion both above and below the trays. We set it
on top of the furnace, the evaporation being accom-

129

plished by radiation from the sheet-iron surface.
No pipes are run through the evaporator, the draft
from the furnace being carried off by a few joints
of common stovepipe on the outside. Two doors
on the side of the evaporator admit the trays,
which are two inches deep and constructed of wood
except the bottom, which is of half-inch-mesh
galvanized wire netting. During the process of
drying, the trays are shifted in such a way that the
top tier is brought nearer the fire, the drying being
finished in the lowest position. For best results
I find that the fruit should not be spread too thickly
on the trays —less than two inches — and should
be stirred once or twice during evaporation.

We do not undertake to peel any considerable
quantity of fruit with knives, but use a paring ma-
chine, which also slices the apples in rings. How-
ever, it is necessary to do some hand work, and
for this we have short-bladed knives with smooth
wood handles that will not cramp the hand.

While it does not improve the quality, the trade
demands that apples should be white. The fruit
is subjected to the fumes of burning sulphur as
soon as pared and sliced, and before being put into
the evaporator. Any tight box with cleats nailed
to the sides into which the trays may be placed will
answer, the sulphur being burned below. We
do this by placing a few live coals in an old pot,
adding a few sticks of brimstone at a time til] the
bleaching is done, which is in from thirty minutes to
an hour. We use half a pound of sulphur to a
hundred pounds of green fruit.

We burn wood, but coal will answer as well if
the furnace is constructed for its use. In our small
evaporator about five or six hours are required
for-drying, depending, of course, on the kind of
fruit. Where a sufficient force is kept at work it
is possible to make two runs a day. ‘The fruit that
is pared and sliced in the afternoon may be dried
the next morning, but in the case of apples the
bleaching must be done before they discolor.

The fruit will not have the hard, dry appearance
of the sun-dried product, as more of the juice is
retained, the outside being sufficiently seared to
preserve it. You can tell when it is dry by squeez-
ing some of it. If it is spongy and falls apart
when released, it has dried sufficiently. Compare
it with the commercial product; it should not be
quite so dry when removed from the evaporator,
as it has to be cured for several days before pack-
ing. We pour the fruit on a clean floor of a room
from which flies are excluded, and turn it over
every few days, that the whole may become more
uniform, the drier pieces absorbing moisture from
those containing a surplus. :

It may not be amiss to state here that we use
all apple and peach parings for vinegar. ‘They
are put in a clean barrel and sufficient rainwater
added to cover them. In a few days fermentation
has begun, and as soon as disintegration has com-
menced the liquid is strained off, poured into
another barrel and allowed to stand till it is vinegar,

Missouri. H. F. GRINSTEAD.

Moving Big Trees

Bis trees of the deciduous kinds are best moved

during the winter when the ball is frozen, and
they will be quite unconscious of the shift. During
the previous spring root prune by digging a three-
foot circle around the tree outside the proposed
ball, severing any roots that may be encountered
and immediately refilling the trench with soil.

How My Bulb-Cellar Succeeded

(Cee Miss Janet!” I said, “how can

you possibly afford to have the house full of
spring flowers in February? These tulips and
daffodils must have cost a lot!” I was holding in
my hand a slender package of daffodils that had
cost me sixty cents at the florist’s, so I knew. Miss
Janet’s room was full of flowers, and she smiled
and looked about it as she said:

“Why, I forced them myself.”

“But you haven’t a hothouse,” I objected.

“You don’t want a hothouse to force spring
bulbs,”’ returned Miss Janet. ‘‘You want a cool
house, and you don’t need sun, either.”

Then she told me how she did it. ‘That was two
years ago. My last year’s experience in forcing
spring bulbs was very happy, and I am telling about
it this fall because if any one wants daffodils or
snowdrops or tulips or narcissi in the extremely
early spring, the autumn is the time to prepare
for them.

Miss Janet had told me how to pot the bulbs,
and that she simply set the bulbs in the cellar
through the months from October to January, while
they were making their roots and getting ready
for the spurt into leaves and flowers in the spring.
She did not tell me that she had two cellars and that
she set the potted bulbs in the one where the fur-
nace was not. Unfortunately, our furnace is in the
cellar, which is not divided off, and, in consequence
the temperature varies, it being, as a rule, too hot.
The bulbs that spring failed. Some dried out and
never sprouted at all, while those that did come up
sprouted before they were brought out, and the best
had only straggly growth with one or two weak
flowers.

What I needed then was some place for the pots
to stand from October to January, while they are
making strong root growth, and where the conditions
of a regular florist’s bulb cellar can be duplicated
and an even temperature of proper coolness be
kept for the potted bulbs during their rooting
period.

My friend described her outdoor bulb-cellar to
me, and I made one last fall. I think, as a gen-
eral thing, it is even more satisfactory than an indoor
cellar, since it is possible to keep all the conditions
nearer normal out-of-doors than in any house.

I got a box at the grocery store, about four by
five feet square and three feet deep. I knocked
off the bottom, picked out a sheltered place at one
side of the tool-house and started to sink the box
in the ground. It took me all day making the
hole, because I did the digging myself, but
about five o’clock I had the box neatly fitted
in, the earth packed closely to the sides, and a
smooth layer of ashes on the bottom, on which to
stand the pots.

The second Monday in October I finished the cel-
lar, and the next few days I potted bulbs all my
spare time. The florist told me that the proper
soil for forcing was one composed of two parts of
loam, one part leaf mold, one part silver sand, and
one part pulverized sheep manure.

I hadn’t any loam, leaf mold, or silver sand, so
I mixed mine of two parts garden soil, one part
ordinary barnyard manure, and one part sand,
using a 6-inch flower pot as a measure, and mixing
it all well together. I picked out a place near the
bulb-cellar to do the work, so that I wouldn’t have
to carry the pots far.

A couple of broken pots supplied the crocks for
covering the hole in the bottom of each pot, and I
got some old rough leaves and sticks to make a layer

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

in the bottom to insure good aeration. Then I
turned my prepared soil in and set the bulbs right
side up in the pots —I planted from four to six
bulbs in a pot, one bulb in the middle and the rest
in a circle about it. I planted them in firmly, and
not very deep, the tops being just covered.

There were twenty pots of daffodils, because I
like them best. I wrote the names of each and
their color on those nice, little white, flat labels
they have for sale at the florist’s.

“Narcissus, Pseudo-Narcissus, yellow,” I wrote
on their labels. Then there were twelve 6-inch pots
of tulips — ‘‘Prosperine, glossy, crimson pink,”
and ‘Rose aplati, light pink”; six ‘Narcissus
Van Sion”; twelve ‘‘Roman MHyacinths”; six
“Narcissus Poeticus”; three ‘“Snowdrops,” (1
labeled them their proper name, “‘Galanthus”’) two
Easter lilies and two boxes 18 by 12 inches of
crocuses, one box being pale mauve, the other a
brilliant orange yellow. I made the soil I planted
them in absolutely level and stuck each bulb about
an inch apart, then covered them firmly. I wanted
them to come up and bloom all at once, which they
did.

When they were potted I watered them and set
the pots in rows on the ashes in the bottom of the
box. The end of the week saw them comfortably
settled with nearly three months for rooting.
I wasn’t afraid of the cold for I knew that they
could stand it; in fact, they did not require a tem-
perature of more than forty degrees, and could
even freeze a little.

Two old shutters that I found made a good
movable cover for the box, and over them I heaped
straw and leaves, a good foot deep. At intervals
of two or three weeks I looked at the pots; they
seemed inclined to dry out, so I watered them and:
covered them carefully after so doing. ;

The week after New Year’s was an exciting time
for me, for it was then I brought in my bulbs and’
set them in the windows to grow. Those labeled
pots did look so very dead that the rest of the
family laughed and were sure I couldn’t force them
in the house. It was “‘too cold,” they said.’ Ehap-
pened to know that a cool, light window was better
than a warm, sunny one.

I was right, for the two pots that my sister got
interested in and kept putting in the sun and
warmth, produced a lot of leaves and didn’t have
half as good flowers as the others. I took good care
of those bulbs, kept them watered every day or so,
and, with the exception of a few pots, they all came
out beautifully. I gave away a number, and didn’t
have to buy daffodils once that February. Alto-
gether, the bulbs cost less than five dollars and
produced as much as twenty-five dollars’ worth of
flowers, anyway. It was all so easy and such fun
that this year I am planning to do it all over again.

Long Island. FLORENCE DIxon.

Dusty Miller as a Hardy Bedding
Plant

HE merest accident revealed to me the hardi-
ness of a common bedding plant. A
workman was instructed to remove the plant
from the various beds in my garden, but was not

A bed of dusty miller, on October 25th, after a
heavy frost

OcToBeER 1910

allowed time to remove a border of dusty miller —
Cineraria maritima, as the catalogues have it.
No more attention was paid to the beds until one
morning, after a night of stiff freezing, I noticed
that the cinerarias still appeared fresh and present-
able. The coleus had long since succumbed to
Jack Frost; the cosmos, the petunias, and the
nasturtiums were black and limp; while the few
geraniums that had been left out were withered
and dead. It is true that the cinerarias did not
stand quite as erect as they had in midsummer, the
leaves drooping somewhat more, but the border
on the whole appeared just as high and was fully
as compact as ever.

This suggests an arrangement for next year,
whereby I shall: have color before the leaves are
fully out, and after they have fallen. I shall start.
with early flowering tulips set about a foot apart;
then, when the season advances, J shall fill in with
geraniums spaced far enough apart so that the
dusty miller may be planted in between. This
will afford the tulips ample opportunity to ripen —
their leaves. Nor need I fear of getting too much
gray, for only the red geranium will be used, and the
shades of red, green, and gray that will be thus
brought together do not clash. The larger leaves of
the geraniums will hide the foliage of the cinerarias
to some extent, thereby breaking the gray monotony.
Then, after the geraniums are removed, the cin-
erarias will continue through the season until after
the first hard frosts. This will provide color from
as early until as late in the season as it is possible
to have in the Northwest.

North Dakota. C. L. MELLER.

More About Crinums

I HIS interesting notes about crinums in the
July, t910, GARDEN MacazinrE Mr. McAdam
has correctly quoted me as haying grown C.
Powelli as a hardy plant. It may be of interest
to growers of crinums, as well as to fanciers
of hardy plants, to know under what conditions
this crinum has grown outside in my garden
for twelve or fifteen years, practically without
protection.

We use the word “hardy” very loosely in the

arden, but the experienced gardener knows that
all plants have their life limit; and, while many
plants will do well if planted “in any old way,”
yet in the majority of cases hardy plants require
careful attention as to planting, condition, ex-
posure, soil, etc. Crimum Powell, for permanent
exposure outside, should be planted without manure,
in good open soil, with a sunny exposure and good
drainage, with the base of the bulb at least two
feet six inches under the surface. 2

With such planting, a strong bulb will, in two
or three years, make a clump some six feet in
diameter when in foliage. Under such conditions
I believe that C. Powell will be found hardy any-
where in the temperate zone, except, of course,
under some peculiar local conditions.

Crinum longifolium (one of the parents of C.
Powelli) is also hardy with deep planting (I have
wintered it out near the surface), but, like all “cape”
bulbs, it is hardy with an “if.” In a small garden
this species seems scarcely worth the space required
to grow it.

C. Moorei presents another problem. I should
not class it as a hardy plant, although I am not
prepared to say that it would not survive the winter
if deeply planted. But in order to secure the
plant in true form it is necessary to grow it in the
natural way, with the ovoid bulb only half covered.
It would not occur to me to expose any partly
covered bulb to the freezing and thawing of this
climate.

This plant has a neck sometimes a foot long
crowned with nearly horizontal leaves, and one can
get its true form only by planting as suggested. It
should be stored inside in winter.

The treatment of these plants is an instance of
the necessity of experience and judgment in the
proper growing of things which are of the same
family, of probably equal hardiness, and both natu-
rally surface growers.

C. Moorei, by the way, has the finest flowers
of any of the species I have seen, and increases
rapidly by seeds and offsets.

‘New Jersey. J. N. GERARD.

folate

OcTOBER,1910

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Hot-bed yard of Mr. M. E. Hiett, Florist, Clarksville, Tenn., 144 Sunlight Sash

151

Greater Pleasure and Profit in Winter Gardening

The Sunlight Double Glass Sash is the greatest invention for
plant forcing since the hot-bed itself

Two layers of glass take the place of mats or boards—eliminate all the drudgery of getting out in the wet, cold

or snow to cover and uncover the plants.

get all the light all the time.

And under the double layer of glass (that is never covered) the plants
Plants need light to make them grow fast and become hardy.

This is why under

Sunlight Double Glass Sash you get earlier, sturdier plants than under the ordinary sash that must be covered.

eos a
Sor Sa? Oe oes

How the two layers of glass protect
the plants and aid growth

Between the two layers of glass is a 56 inch layer of
dry, still air. Being transparent, this layer permits the
plants to get the light in the early morning and in the
late afternoon —times when the single glass sash must
be covered. These added hours of light are what make
the earlier, sturdier crop. The glass slips in and is
held securely without the use of putty. Easily repaired.

This 5 inch layer of air acts as a blanket — keeping
out the cold at night, keeping in the heat—doing
away with all mats, boards or shutters. We have
instances where the thermometer went to 15 degrees
below zero and yet the plants were unharmed, though
the sash were not covered.

Have fresh vegetables and flowers
when they are luxuries

From September until June the cold-frames or hot-
beds under Sunlight Double Glass Sash can be kept
busy. Fresh lettuce and radishes any time you want

them, violets all winter; pansies in bloom in February
or March; cabbage, cauliflower, beets, etc., to set out
early in the Spring; tomato, pepper and seed potato
plants ready as soon as it is warm outside. Almost all
flowers and vegetables can be forwarded under the
Sunlight Double Glass Sash earlier than under the
single sash, because of the more rapid growth. Sun-
light Double Glass Sash will pay for themselves in a
single season in fresh vegetables and flowers — and in
the genuine pleasure of growing without the drudgery
connected with the single sash.

Arthur Vandennes, Point Marion, Pa., writes:

“Three degrees below zero was the coldest that my Sunlight
Double Glass Sash on hot-beds experienced. Nothing was hurt.
I am now having the best celery plants in the country, and I had
lettuce and radishes before most people were thinking of sowing
them. If any one wanis information concerning Sunlight Double
Glass Sash I will be glad to give it to them.”

Amateurs phenomenally successful

Last fall wesold thousands of sash to amateur gardeners
alloverthe United States. When you write for ourfree cat-
alog, we will send you a booklet giving letters received
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from theirsash, hundreds sending second and third orders.

Agents Wanted. Write us and find out how you
can obtain the agency for selling these sash.

SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO. Inc. ?ougvite ky

Send for these two books

1. Our free catalog with net prices, prepaid freight
and guaranteed delivery proposition. It gives details,
testimonials and full information about this wonderful
invention.

2. A most interesting and instructive booklet by
Prof. W. P. Massey, the well-known authority cn
market gardening, in which he tells how to make
and care for hot-beds and cold-frames and when
and what to grow in them.

Price of Prof. Massey’s |
booklet, 4 cents in postage |
stamps. Write today. If

booklet is wanted, make a
cross X in square on coupon
and enclose it with the stamps
in your letter. Write today. *

CUT OUT ALONG THIS LINE

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co.
927 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

GENTLEMEN: Please send me your free catalog (and
Prof. Massey’s Book, for which I enclose 4 cents).

Name.

Address

=

5 The Readers’ Service wiil give you
132 suggestions jor the care of live-stock

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MAGAZINE

OcTroBseEeR, 1910

Plant Bulbs Now

| Ber SS NGRING: time is again at hand.
Plant very early; lily bulbs may still be
put in for flowers in late spring and summer.

For a good crop of strawberries next spring, set
out the plants early in the month. Get good-sized —
plants, make the soil loose and fine, and fertilize
well with both cow manure and commercial fer-
tilizer. A fertilizer containing 8 per cent. phos-
phoric acid, 7 per cent. potash, and 4 per cent.
nitrogen is good for strawberries. Cultivate the
plants until the first of December, then place pine
needles around them (not over them) to protect
them from the weather and keep the berries from
getting sandy in the spring. Excelsior, Texas,
Clyde, Lady Thompson, and Klondike are good
early varieties for the South; and Glen Mary,
Brandywine, Gandy, Sample and Bubach will pro-
vide a late crop.

Plant out onion sets early in the month. Fer-
tilize and cultivate them well. In two or three
months they will be large enough to eat, and the
bulbs will be from two to two and a half inches in
diameter.

Dig sweet potatoes, also late white potatoes,
during the month.

Give late cabbage frequent cultivation. A good
dressing of nitrate of soda will also help wonder-
fully to promote rapid growth.

Continue to sow seed of turnips, radishes, beets,
carrots, kale, and mustard.

Gather winter squashes and pumpkins toward
the last of the month, and store in dry hay.

Do not allow farm and garden tools to stay out all
winter, and then blame the manufacturers for sell-
ing poor tools. Keep them in the tool-shed when
not In use, and oil them with kerosene to keep off
rust.

Continue to sow pansy seed. Plants of holly-
hocks and perennial phlox may be set out during
the month for spring and summer flowers.

Sow cabbage seed in the open for setting out in
early spring. Plant more than you really want;
the cutworm and other insects will surely spoil some
heads.

Harvest corn now before bad weather damages it.
Select seed now for next year’s planting, and store
in a mouse-proof box.

Continue to plant out peonies, and sow seed of
sweet peas for spring flowers.

Toward the last of the month take in the house
plants which have been out in the garden all
summer.

Gather cow peas for seed; if they remain in the
field very long at this time of year, they will rot.

Continue to sow crimson clover, rye, and dwarf
Essex rape for winter pasture.

Prepare the soil now for planting trees and shrubs
next month. Make the soil loose and deep and fer-
tilize well. Cow-barn manure is good for this
purpose.

Georgia. THoMAS J. STEED.

Growing Sweet Peas in the South

Me has already been written about sweet-
pea culture which in most cases refers
to their cultivation in the North and East,
where climatic conditions are ideal.. In the South,
however, there are many difficulties to overcome,
which necessitates planting and cultivation many
months before perfection is reached. The sweet
pea thrives best in a cool climate; therefore,
in the South, it is necessary to sow the seed at the

What ts a fair rental jor a given

OcrosBeEr, 1910 Aen GeAG eID Ba Nin VIAN GeASZolING Ean property?) Aiskithe Readers Service 133

SPECIAL NOTICE

Those of our friends who wish to have the

WONDER LILY IN BLOOM

For Thanksgiving or Xmas for which occasions they form

| ae UNIQUE FLORAL OFFERINGS

we advise to order now, as stock is limited. We will keep the
bulbs retarded and send at proper time to bloom when wanted.

BYZANTINE WONDER LILY

| This is not a Fairy Tale, but a FACT

To have early Sweet Peas
the secret of success lies in
sowing the seed in Fall.
Sow from September 20 to
October 1. Select a dry
situation and deep rich soil.
Plant from four to five inch-
es deep and sow thickly.
A liberal quantity of bone
meal is preferable to barn-
yard manure. As soon as the frost is about six inches in the ground, cover lightly
with salt hay or other coarse material. Too much covering hurts the young

The picture represents the bulb
in bloom taken from a photo. This
bulb blooms without ezther soz or
water. On receipt place it in a box or flat dish in the light. In 3-4
weeks, often sooner, the flower sheaths appear, growing up rapidly,
unfolding their exquisite rosy tinted blossoms shading to a pearly
white in the calyx, ornamented with golden stamens. It is the most
dainty living bouquet, and unexcelled as a unique table decoration.
The perfume exhaled is most delicate and refreshing. The bulbs
bloom a long time—as soon as one flower withers, cut it off close to

Sweet Peas in flower in May from Fall planted seed

ip agen. poh bs

hk . : plants. To shelter the young plants from biting winds set a board edgeways
i the bulb—another will appear — each strong bulb bearing 9-12 along the row. Frost will not hurt Sweet Peas. It is the thawing and freezin
4 P f g g
q flowers. When through flowering, pot the bulb—which then de- which is detrimental; therefore, add some more covering in March to prevent
. velops a broad undulated, very ornamental foliage. During mid- ground thawing until weather is settled. When frost is out of the ground thin
| F summer give a rest — after which the bulb is ready for next season. YU" seedlings and Buenas a wire trellis or brush support, as they will make an
ie immense growth. Named sorts in

iy Bagh 3 6 12 White, Pink and Rose, Blue, Navy Blue, Yellow, Lavender, Scarlet.
ve Strong Bulbs $0.15 $0.40» $0.70 ~— $1.20 Pkt. 5c., oz. 10c., 14 Ib. 300.

i ** Monster Bulbs -25 65 1.15 2.00 Our September offer “Bulb Collection’”’ holds good for October.

“a p g

a Price includes delivery Send for our beautiful Fall 1tg910 Catalogue. It is free.

a

te h

H. H. BERGER & CO. «= 7O Warren Street « NEW YORK

i

ies

ss
he

ny

Cs. , , \
| Orchids of the Hardy :
Flower Garden

This is a very appropnate sou-
briquet for the beautiful Spanish
Iris, for it’s truly a rival of the choice Orchids.

How Any One Can

Inexpensive, of simple culture, perfectly hardy,
and, once planted, good for a number of years

I have been growing mushrooms for over
twelve years. I probably know more about the
subject of mushroom culture than anyone else in
America. From a start with a few dollars
capital I built up the largest mushroom farm in
America, with acres of bed space in cultiva-
tion. By actual experience I have learned just
how mushrooms can be grown, and what’s even
more important, how they caw zot be grown.

Growing mushrooms is really no more difficult
than growing radishes.

It’s just a matter of knowing how.

Every failure in the mushroom business
can be traced to poor spawn and unreliable
information.

have shown thousands of men and women
how to grow mushrooms successfully. Most all
of them are now in the business growing for

profit and making a good income without in-
terfering with their regular occupation, with this
wonderful, easy, pleasant pastime. I hope soon
that a mushroom bed wiil be as common as
vegetable gardens.

I have written a little book which gives
truthful, reliable, experienced information about
mushroom culture, where mushrooms can be
grown, how to have a mushroom bed in your
cellar, etc. It also tells about spawn and how
to secure really reliable spawn. I shall gladly
send you this book Free.

If you have never tried mushroom growing,
or if you have tried and failed because of the
causes of which I have spoken, write for my
free book, in which I will show you beyond
the shadow of a doubt that you can have a fine
mushroom bed. Address

A. V. JACKSON
Jackson Mushroom Farm

5828 North Western Ave.

Chicago, III.

i

| Grow Mushrooms. sitioutiuther ete ts good planting nds
_ Delightful Occupation — Delicious Delicacy for the eat Iv ga aipesvor, Boreas or thls: lovely
vy Home Table and a Good Income if you Wish Meee

We offer 12 distinct named sorts:
15 cts. per doz;

$1.00 per 100; $6.00 per 1,000.
Finest mixed sorts:
75 cts. per 100; $5.00 per 1,000.

12 cts. per doz;

This and all other leading seasonable bulbs
fully described in our

AUTUMN CATALOGUE
FREE BY MAIL FOR THE ASKING

HENRY A DREER Philaceiphic

G If a problem grows in your garden write to
134 the Readers’ Service for assistance Ap H E G A R D E N M A G AZ I NE OcTOBER , 1910

HERBACEOUS
PERENNIALS

FOR THE HARDY GARDEN
AND BORDER
PLANTED IN SEPTEMBER

earliest opportunity in the fall so that the plants
may be deeply rooted and well established before the
hot sun strikes them. My experience has shown
that the sooner the seed is in the ground, the better
the results attained, so the latter part of September
usually finds me making the first sowing. About
Thanksgiving I start a second trench, and a third
sowing is made about Christmas time. My success
is wholly due to deep and early planting and frequent
cultivation.

Many authorities claim it is not a good plan to
plant seed in the same place for successive years.
My success, however, proves this to be a fallacy;

as each year the same trench in my garden is redug,
only filling in new fertilizer at the bottom and trans-
ferring the bottom soil to the top. Thus rich soil of
the previous year comes in close contact with the
young roots, and starts a rapid and continued
growth. The trench in which I plant my sweet
peas runs north and south, and is about two feet
wide. A trellis of poultry netting six feet high
runs through the middle of it, the netting being sup-
A NEW ported by medium-sized iron pipes. In preparing
the soil, I usually have the trench dug one and a half
feet deep and two feet wide, in the bottom of which
is put a 6-inch layer of decomposed barnyard
manure. Over this a couple of inches of soil is

OR EARLY OCTOBER
GIVE THE BEST RESULTS

We have the largest stock in New England

illustrated catalogue containing everything
for planting the Home Grounds will
be out soon—free upon request.

THE BAY STATE NURSERIES
North Abington, Mass.

Wood-preserving oils waterproof the
shingles and carry the color properly.

Dexter BrothersEnglish Shingle Stains

are made of pure English ground colors, mixed with finest linseed and
Dexter wood preserving oils—the best shingle preservatives known.
That ’s why they ’re water-proof— why they prolong the life of your
shingles — why the colors last.

Let us help you with your color scheme. Write for booklet, and minia-
ture shingles, showing colors—TO-DAY Examine them carefully right
in your home. Then match them against the natural setting of your
house, one by one, until you are pleased.

DEXTER BROTHERS €0., 110 Broad St., Boston; 1133 Broadway, N. Y.

Makers of Petrifax Cement Coating for the outside walls of
plaster, concrete or cement houses.
AGENTS—H. M. Hooker Co., Chicago; John D. S. Potts, 218 U

Race St., Phila; F. H. McDonald, Grand Rapids; F. T. Crowe Dah our
& Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash. and Portland, Ore.; M. }- a Sabine
D. Francis, Atlanta, Ga.; Carolina Portland Cement Co., Birming- 4 ahr
ham and Montgomery, Ala., Jacksonville, Fla., Charleston, S. Ce + Sia
New Orleans, La.; F. S. Combs, Halifax, N.S. a ae
AND DEALERS. aaa

“It’s the Finest Fish I Ever Saw”

That is what everyone says of our

NABOB BRAND

of Absolutely Boneless Georges

CODFISH

The fish from which this is made are caught by hand-
lines on Georges Bank, where the best and thickest
codfish are found. It is the finest selection of the catch,
cut into thick, white, flaky pieces, all bones removed,

and the fish is carefully packed in an improved hinge-

cover box lined with waxed paper.

HARRY LESLIE WALKER, ARCHITECT,
ATLANTA, GEORGIA,

These sweet peas, planted April 11th, were eight
and a half feet high the following June

placed, then a good layer of oakwood ashes, and
again a good sprinkling of earth until the trench
is nearly filled. In filling the trench be sure to tread
the earth down firmly.

On either side of the netting I run drills four
inches deep and a foot apart, thus utilizing the same
net for a double row of peas. ‘The seeds are coy-
ered with two inches of soil pressed down firmly with
the feet. In planting the seed in this manner the
young roots are not crowded, but grow all the
stronger, and the stems and flowers likewise attain
marvelous size.

Sweet peas planted in this way begin to grow
immediately, and in two weeks are up and well
started. As the fall months in the South are
usually very dry, it is wise to keep the ground wet
by frequent waterings in order to start the seed.
Do not let the roots dry out, but keep up the arti-
ficial moisture, and as soon as the young plants
reach the height of two inches gradually draw the
soil in from the sides of the furrows until half their
height is covered. Continue this until the trench
is completely filled, and level to the surface.

Experience has taught me that it is best not to
protect the plants during the winter months, as the
frost and the mulching of the earth serve to harden

Food with
the Ocean
Taste

You cannot get fish with flavor or quality
like this anywhere except from us.

A trial 4-lb. box, $1.00 (or a 5-lb. box for $1.20), delivered anywhere in

From the United States where express companies make residential deliveries. Ale vines, and strengthen them so as to withstand
cean to Send for free book of recipes and price list of Mackerel, Halibut, Lobster, Sardines i d thawing. By March the vines
Consumer and all sorts of salt-water foods of the highest quality. ; - the) freezing andy t 8 y S

have made such rapid growth (being three to four
feet long) that it becomes necessary to train them
against the wire for running.

On April r1th peas planted September 24th
showed their first blossoms. They continued to
grow so rapidly that by June they towered above
my head, reaching the extraordinary height of eight

By dealing with us, you insure freshness and high quality such as you can
secure in no other way. We send ‘‘From Ocean to Consumer’’ and absolutely
guarantee satisfaction.

CONSUMERS FISH COMPANY, 66 Commercial St., Gloucester, Mass.

OcrosBeRr, 1910 Ee GreAheD EN MAGA ZINN &

ww

qn

HENDERSON S SUPERIOR BULBS

FOR FALL y PLANTING

Henderson’s Autumn Catalogue

Bulbs, Plants and Seeds
For Autumn Planting

Revolutionizes Bulb Offerings in America

Most of us have been deprived of the better varieties
of lower Bulbs on account of their high price.
The splendid, strong constitutioned, newer sorts
do cost a little more than decadent old kinds,
and heretofore to their greater value 25% ad
valorum duty has been exacted by the U. S.
Customs, thus making the selling price almost
prohibitive. The present specific duty — so
much per 1,000, regardless of high or low
foreign cost—brings the preferred choice
varieties down so that “the best” may now
be enjoyed in America. Taking advantage
of these improved conditions, we have
excluded from our importations many
obsolete varieties and added their more
beautiful and robust successors. [or
instance, our important revisions include:

If you want Beautiful Bulbous Flowers

In your house this winter, or
in your garden next Spring

You must plant the bulbs this fall!

Flowering Bulbs are very popular with flower-loving
people. There is a peculiar charm and interest in
growing them. They produce flowers of remarkable
beauty unsurpassed by any other class of plants
in the floral kingdom and many are delightfully
fragrant. In form, size and colorings there is
endless variety, and besides bulbs are adaptable
for sO many purposes; many of them flower
equally well grown either in the garden or
house, and not the least among the merits of
Bulbs are their ease of culture, the certainty
and perfection with which their flowers are
produced, and the remarkably short time
required to bring them into bloom under
artificial conditions; but ‘

THERE IS A BIG DIFFERENCE
IN THE QUALITY OF BULBS!

Superior bulbs —the pick of the crops —
are largely consumed by critical Furopean
buyers, the “seconds” and “‘substitutes”’
being too often palmed off on less critical
American dealers. We insist —with a
penalty attached — on being supplied
with the same high grade — true to name
varieties —that the English, Germans,
and Russians get, and we see that we get
this superior grade by personally con-
ducted trials. Henderson’s Superior Bulbs
therefore cost a little more than inferior
grades, but our customers appreciate the
difference.

HENDERSON’S BULB DEPARTMENT

It is conceded handles the largest quantities,

the highest quality and the greatest variety
of Flower Bulbs of any one firm in the world.
America, Great Britain, Italy, France, Holland,
Japan, China, Asia Minor, Bermuda, etc., yield

up to us annually millions of their bulbous floral
treasures. i

HENDERSON’S BULB CULTURE

68 pages. Profusely illustrated. Price, postpaid, 50c.

47 best standard Hyacinths and 26 newer varieties
68 ‘‘ “< Early Tulips ‘‘ 32 “* a

44 <<‘ OG tenga, 8 27 ne

Among the aristocrats of tulipdom — the
Giant Darwins, Cottagers, Rembrandts,
etc.— we include more than 100 of the
finest new varieties. In Japan and Ger-
man Iris we offer an entire new series cf
the improved large flowering sorts. In
Peonies we have 80 of the world’s best
modern kinds, revelations of beauty to
those who only know the old kinds; these
we offer in one, two and three year old
roots so that normal, characteristic floweis
may be expected the first season. We alsc
have the new hybrid Freesias that are
creating such a sensation in the European
floral world, the Giant white, the yellow,
lavender and pink varieties. We also offer
the exquisite new Butterfly Cyclamens,
Fortin’s Giant Lily of the Valley, the African
white Watsonia and a host of other good new
things all of which are described and photo-
graphically illustrated in

HENDERSON’S AUTUMN CATALOGUE

A handsome book of 72 pages—which we mail free
to all who ask for it, and in addition — to aid those not
familiar with bulbs, their success and ours being mutual
—we will include our recently revised book “Henderson’s
Bulb Culture” (described in opposite column) provided ‘* The
Garden Magazine”’ is mentioned.

This newly revised and enlarged edition gives the up-to-date
methods of treatment for all kinds of Hardy and Tender Winter,
Spring, Summer and Autumn Flowering Bulbs, Tubers, Corms, etc.
— Bulbs for Gardens and Lawns — Design Bedding — Mixed Borders —
Naturalizing — Situations, Soils and Preparation—'Time and Depth to
Plant — Treatment after Flowering — Bulbs for the House and Greenhouse
— Forcing — Flowering Bulbs in Glasses of Water, etc._— Keeping Dormant
Bulbs — Hints on Buying and Selecting for Different Purposes, etc.

PETER HENDERSON &C2-

35 € 37 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK.

The Readers? Service will gi
136 SIGE THT: fie cone GF anak THE G ARDE N MAG AZI N E OcTOoBER, 1910

PALISADES-POPULAR-PERENNIALS

and one-half feet! During the summer I do not
spray the vines, but instead have pails of water
poured over the roots late in the evening. I also
loosen the earth about the plants and thus keep the
roots moist and cool. 7

Trench No.1 I planted with different varieties
of pinks and reds, shading from the rich, deep red
and intense scarlet of King Edward VII and Queen
Alexandra through the deep rose and pink of Phyllis
Unwin and Countess Spencer to the delicate pink
blush of Janet Scott and Florence Spencer. The
deep maroons, purples, and lavender in another
trench are likewise arranged according to grada-
tion of color and in this way are more easily
arranged after cutting. The trenches planted in
November and December bloomed two to three
weeks later.

North Carolina. E. W. OETTINGER.

. 7

uae eared

a ear S A. Ney “Seah E pw NN ae

To Grow Hardy Perennials and A P alisade Hardy Border

Old Fashioned Flowers Successfully: A perfect picture in your garden to last for years
y yi

They should be planted in September and Octo- | Will be the result if you allow us mow to plan a

ber, like Spring-flowering bulbs. scheme, whether of contrasts or of harmonies, to
They make roots during Fall and Winter, estab- | be carried out this Fall.
lishing themselves for Spring and Summer bloom- Our “Artistic” Border, 100 ft. by 3 ft. costs
ing. $25.00 only.
Hardy Perennials our specialty. We grow thirty Consider what is “saved” by this system, and

acres. Get our net wholesale prices with all neces- | What is gained in true beauty.

7 Ke Va Z ge . ql . .
SOY) EL oe irecuons and largest last of Novelties, Visitors always welcome at our Nurseries, where they can make
Jor the asking. selections from more than a thousand varieties of Hardy Plants.

PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc., Perennial Growers
Sparkill, N. Y.

Telephone 200 Piermont

How Many Tulips are Required in

ORIGINAL “CUTAWAY” TOOLS. a Round Bed?

IS a simple matter to estimate with a fair de-
gree of accuracy the number of tulips needed to
small garden, truck or market gardener’s use. : aoa biean plant a round bed. From the centre of the bed

This tool is used extensively among gardeners, and in Florida it is also mark the number of circles that the bed will con-

Clark’s One Horse Market Garden or Grove Harrow is made reversible to i;
throw the soil either to or from the plant. It is especially desirable for the

used for orchard culture. It is a great labor saver. : 5 : = 5
Mado‘in Three Sinsst tain; then, starting with one in the centre, add six

No. O, x horse with two gangs of 5 14-inch disks each. for each successive circle. In other words the num-

No. OO, Light 2 horse, two gangs, 6 14-inch disks each. ber that any given circle is removed from the centre,

Ne O09; Hicavy 2 ROG, Iwo gan) 7 sain disks een a. multiplied by 6, will give the number of bulbs

Send fedavicrnew Booked Tntensive @ultivanonte OF Rates Is FREE. required for that particular circle. Then, by

addition, the total number of tulips needed for the

CUTAWAY HARROW CO. bed may be found. Whether you space your tulips

902 Main Street i Higganum, Conn. 4 or 5 inches apart the same holds true. Tabu-

lated, the matter will appear as follows, the rows
being numbered from the centre outward:

e e CENTRE I]/2}3]4]5]6]7]|8] 0 |zo/11\12/13\ 14°
Why hesitate one minute? il il aa a 2)
Sie be ay esas 6 | 12|18]24)30]36] 42|48]54|60|66}72|78)/84
Your commonsense tells you to get the roofing made of Trinidad Lake cr
fosscsosaso2c0" 7 |13|10]25131|37|43|49|55|61|67|73|70)85

asphalt. Nature gives it water-proofing qualities that man has never equaled.

The lower two rows of figures represent the

number of tulip bulbs required in the circle whose

enaSsco number is indicated above.
Now, to find the total number of bulbs required
e for any size bed, merely add all the numbers up
to and including the figures representing the outer
Ca y OO Ing circle of your bed. In actual practice you will find
: that an estimate based on the above method will

give you all the tulips you will need, with a possi-
ble shortage of one or two in case you space your

is made of Trinidad Lake asphalt. It prevents cracks and breaks; does away with

leaks and repairs, and makes Genasco last longer than any other roofing. fulipsqwitly mathensatical precision. “inateniaest
The Kant-leak Kleet is the greatest device ever invented to waterproof serve for beds from 10 to 140 inches in diameter
seams without cement. Supplied in rolls of Genasco when specified. with tulips spaced 5 inches, while with tulips spaced
: : : | 4 inches it will serve for beds from 8 to 112 inches.
_ Write for the Good Roof Guide Book, and find out more about Genasco; get pane es too. If the tendency of the planter is to space wider than
Mineral or smooth surface. Look for the trade-mark at your dealer’s, and insist on Genasco. the distance determined upon, then use the upper
A written guarantee — if you want it. row of figures; otherwise use the lower row of
THE BARBER ASPET SPAV I NGIGOlNPeAN Yau figures. It is an easy matter to extend the table
to include any sized bed.
Largest producers of asphalt, and largest North Dakota. C. L. MELLER.
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.
para A Correction
New York San Francisco Chicago
Cross-section, Genasco Stone-surface Ready Roofing HE picture appearing on page 348 of the July,
i Gravel 1910 GARDEN MAGAZINE shows rhododen-
Tiphavehel Weal Mepieite drons growing in the Osgood garden in Saicem
Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt :
Trinidad Lake Asphalt Mass., and not on Professor Sargent’s estate at
Pee as eS Brookline. The shrubs shown are over fifty years

old.

OcToBER, 1910

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 137

If You Grow Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables
for Pleasure or Profit

YOU NEED THE

arden Library

Complete in Nine Volumes

HIS library marks a new era in garden literature, as it is the first series of low-

priced, practical and beautifully illustrated handbooks on home gardening that

has ever appeared in America. These volumes, written by competent author-
ities on the subjects, are full of good, helpful advice and instruction for all who
grow plants and flowers, and for those who take an interest in the maintenance
and improvement of the country home grounds.

The nine volumes in “The Garden Library” are uniformly bound in service-
able green cloth, decorated; size, 5x75; profusely illustrated throughout, including

many

“how to” pictures, planting tables, plans for gardens, etc. As a ready

reference work on matters pertaining to the country home and grounds “The
7 weeace. PK o,. } Garden Library should occupy a place on your bookshelf. A brief description
eee Wee Be ES and synopsis of contents of each book is herewith given.

e e
Daffodils—Narcissus and Howto Grow Them
By A. M. KIRBY
All that is really worth while about these most popular of spring bulbs
written from the standpoint of American conditions.

I. Old-time and Modern Daffodils and Narcissus. II. Daffodils in the Garden Border. III.
Flowering Daffodils in Winter. IV. Water Culture in the House. V. The Commercial Produc-
tion of Cut Flowers. VI. Naturalizing in the Grass. WII. Miniature Daffodils for the Rock Gar-
den. VIII. The One Insect and One Disease. IX. Straightening Daffodil Nomenclature and
Classification. X. The Large Trumpet Daffodils. XI. The Lesser Trumpet, Hoop-Petticoat and
Cyclamen-flowered Daffodils. XII. The Medium-Crown Hybrids. XIII. The Pheasant’s Eye
and Poet’s Hybrid Narcissus. XIV. The Sweet-scented Jonquils and Campernelles. XV. The
Tender Cluster-flowered Narcissus. XVI. Ihe Hardy Cluster-flowered Narcissus. XVII.
Double Daffodils and Narcissus of all Groups, XVIII. Some Autumn Flowering Species. XIX.
Hybridizing and Raising from Seed.

House Plants and How to Grow Them
By P. T. BARNES
A manual of the best foliage and flowering plants for home cultivation; their
taising from seed and propagation in the window garden.

I. How Other People Have Succeeded. II. Making the Soil Foundation. III. Potting and Re-
potting. IV. Raising Plants from Seed. V. Propagation by Cutting, etc. WI. In Sickness and
in Health. VII. Bulbs from Thanksgiving to Easter. VIII. The Winter Window Garden. IX.
Flowering Plants. House Conditions. X. Roses, Carnations and Chrysanthemums. XI. Cac-
tuses and Other Succulents. XII. NineIron Clad Palms. XIII. Foliage Plants other than Palms.
XIV. Reliable Ferns for the Dwelling Rooms. XV. Window Gardening Tools and Accessories.
XVI. Forcing with Ether. XVII. A Window Gardener’s Calendar.

The Flower Garden

By IDA D. BENNETT
“A clear and concise summary of every possible sort of information that
might be desired by anyone interested in gardens.”’ Scientific American.

I. The Location and Arrangement of the Garden. II. Soils. III. Fertilizers, IV. The Hot-
bed, Coldframe and Sand-box. V. Purchasing of Seeds. VI. Starting Seeds in Flats. VII. Trans-
planting and Repotting. VIII. House Plants from Seeds. IX. Outside Window Boxes. X-
Various Annuals from Seed. XI. Vines. XII. Ornamental Foliage Plants from Seed. XIII.
Bulbous and Tuberous-rooted Plants. XIV. Aquatics. XV. The Care of the Summer Rose-bed.
XVI. The Hardy Lily-bed. XVII. The Care of Cannas, Caladiums, Dahlias, and Other Bulbs
During Winter. XVIII. Hardy Shrubs and Plants for Fall Planting. XIX. Winter Protection.
XX. The Care of House Plants in Winter. XXI. Common and English Names of Flowers.
XXII. Blooming Season of Various Trees, Shrubs and Plants. XXIII. A Chapter of Odds and
Ends. XXIV. A Chapter of Don'ts.

The Vegetable Garden

By IDA D. BENNETT
This book deals fully with the various vegetables that form the staple of the
small garden and contains excellent chapters on fertilizers, insecticides and gar-
den tools, all thoroughly up to date and full of the most practical information.

I. The Sanitary and Economic Value of the Kitehen Garden. II. The Location of the Garden.
III. Planning the Garden. IV. How to Maintain Fertility. V. The Construction and Care of
Hotbeds, Coldframes, and Pits. VI. On the Sowing of Seed. VII. Transplanting. VIII. Tools
Which Make Gardening Easy. IX. On the Growing of Various Vegetables. X. Root Vegetables.
XI. Vine Vegetablesand Fruits. XII. Greensand Salad Vegetables. XIII. Perennial Vegetables.
XIV. Storing Vegetables in Winter. XV. Tne Garden's Enemies. XVI. Fall Work in the Garden.

The Orchard and Fruit Garden

By E. P. POWELL
Deals with the choice planting and cultivation of fruit, fruit bearing trees and
bushes. ‘‘This thoroughly practical volume embodies all the latest developments,
and sums up all available information on the selection of fruits.’’ New York

World.

Part First— THE ORCHARD. I. The Apple. II. The Apple Varieties. III. The Apple —
Handling and Marketing. IV. The Pear. V. The Plum. VI. The Cherry. VII. The Quince.
VIII. The Peach. IX. The Apricot. X. The Grape. XI. Citrus Fruits. XII. Figs, Dates and
Olives. XIII. Pineapple, Banana and other Tropical Fruits. XIV. Undeveloped Fruits. XV.

- Nuts and Nut Trees.

Part Second— THE FRUIT GARDEN, I. The Fruit Garden. II, The Currant. III. The
Strawberry. IV. The Raspberry. V. The Blackberry. WI. The Gooseberry. VII. The Cran-
berry. VIII. Neglected Berries.

Part Third — CULTURAL DIRECTIONS. I. Windbreaks, Drainage, Irrigation. II. Pruning,
Mulching, Fertilizing, Cover Crops. III. Spraying. 1V. Bees, Birds, Fowls, Animals—in the
Orchard and Fruit Garden. V. Harvesting and Marketing. VI. Plant Breeding.

Roses and How to Grow Them
By MANY EXPERTS
The only recent book on this most popular of flowers, which deals directly with
American practice both outdoors and under glass in all sections of the country.

I. When, Where and How to Plant. II. The Routine of Werk. III. Pruning. IV. Insects,
Diseases, and Spraying. V. The Rosarian’s Calendar. WI. Roses for Cut Flowers Under Glass.
VII. Types and races. VIII. Roses for Special Purposes. IX. Roses of American Origin.

Ferns and How to Grow Them
By G. A. WOOLSON
The contribution of a nature student who has successfully solved the problem
of growing the native ferns of our Eastern woods. With table of synonymy.

I. The Life of a Fern. II. Where Hardy Ferns Can Be Grown. III. Ferns in the Mixed
Border. IV. Rockwork for Ferns. V. Hardy Ferns for Indoor Culture, and How to Select
Them. VI. Ferns in the Living Room During Winter. WII. Fern Rockeries Indoors. VIII.
Fern Culture Under Bell Glasses and in the Wardian Case. IX. Exotic Ferns without a Green-
house. X. Aerial Fern Culture. XI. Ferns for Special Purposes.

Lawns and How to Make Them
By LEONARD BARRON
The only volume that treats of the making and maintenance of the ornamen-
tal lawn from a purely practical standpoint. For the first time the whole truth
about lawn seed mixtures is popularly explained.

I. Renovating the Old Lawn. II. How to Make a Lawn Once for All. III. Economical
Grading. IV. Which Is Better: Turf or Seed? V. The Fine Art of Mowing, Rolling and
Watering. VI. Howto Feed a Lawn. VII. Solving the Weed Problem, Insects, etc. VIII.
The Truth About ‘Lawn Mixtures.” IX. Seed Mixtures for Special Purposes. X. Lawns for
Subtropical Regions. XI. The Best Lawn Tools and Their Use. XII. How to Make Lawn
pices XIII. The Peculiar Requirements of Putting Greens. XIV. Guide to the Best Lawn

rasses.

Water-Lilies and How to Grow Them

: By H. S. CONARD and HENRI HUS
A practical garden knowledge of the best water-lilies and other
aquatics by America’s great authority on the family; with cultural de-
tails and the making of ponds and small gardens.

I. Where Water Gardens Can Be Made. II. Economical Pond Construction. III.
Soils and Planting Out. IV. Wintering and Propagating. V. Seed Saving and
Starting. _ VI. Raising New Varieties. VII. The Hardy Water-lilies. VIII.
The Tender Day Blooming Water-lilies. IX. The Night Blooming Water-lilies.

xX. Growing the Giant Victorias. XI. Lotuses, Water Hyacinths and Other
Choice Aquatics. XII. Water Gardens Under Glass. XIII. Enemies and Doubleday.
Friends. XIV. Pond Surroundings, Windbreaks and Accessory Plants. y

XV. Water-lilies for Special Purposes. Page &

Send Only 50 Cents with Order Company

133 E. 16th St. New York
To all who send us an

Special mete order for
Offer tev «i,

add, without
extra charge, one year’s subscrip-
tion to The Garden Magazine.
If you are already a sub-
scriber we shall be glad
to extend the subscrip_
tion or send the
Magazine to a

friend.

GENTLEMEN: Enclosed

find 50 cents for which send
me The Garden Library in nine
volumes and enter the name of

for one year’s subscription to The
Garden Magazine. If the books are
satisfactory I agree to pay $1.00 a month
for nine months, and if the books are not
satisfactory I will return them and you will
refund my first payment.

|
|

¢ What is a fair rental for a given
138 properly? Ask the Readers’ Service

TELE, (GeACRS DB IN SICA AGZa Ie Nas OctToBeR, 1910

SSS
\

SS
SS
SS
Ss
KS

Another U-Bar Sunshine Shop

It is 25 feet wide and 41 feet long. Now, 25
feet may at first seem rather wide for a small house,
but you secure four good-sized benches, giving you a
goodly amount of room, and you will soon find use
for every inch of it—and will want more.

The proportions of the house are well worked
out, making an exceedingly attractive little layout.
The half-octagon shape, "Old Mission" treatment of
the workroom is most interesting, and with its red-
tiled roof forms a pleasing contrast between the
exceeding lightness and grace of the greenhouse lines.

The greenhouse is the U-Bar construction—a

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

construction that has an entire steel frame, and
that is painted on the inside with a glistening coat
of aluminum.

Because of their extreme lightness and sunniness,
these U-Bar greenhouses were long ago "dubbed"
Sunshine Shops—and it is a good dub.

We are the only U-Bar greenhouse builders
—the patent Is ours.

Send for our new catalog, on page 23 of
which is shown this house, along with a plan,
another view of the workroom, and a _ most
readable description.

Flowers for a Ten-acre Lot

OME day, when I am very, very rich, I am
going to buy three square ten-acre lots.
Exactly in the middle of one I shall plant giant
knotweed. Similarly bee-balm will go into the
second, and crown vetch into the third. Then I
shall put a million-dollar bill into one pocket of
my trousers and the same into another, and make
a bet with myself as to which of the three plants
gets to the edge of its lot first. I think the giant
knotweed will win.

Beware the’ giant knotweed (Polygonum cus-
pidatum); for it soareth like a giraffe and ever
goes abroad seeking what good garden space it may
devour. Three years ago I brought home from
Staten Island a couple of little plants, each con-
sisting of a single short stalk eighteen inches or
so high, and thought how nice it would be when I
had a clump like the parent one. I have it all

SS

right —two of them. Both plants did so well
at once that I gave one away; but you might as
well try to lose a cat in your neighbor’s dooryard,

U-BAR CO.
1 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK.

PIERSON

WN
Ss

DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS

contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart. It’s free.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS,

== ff)

SE Aa) ed ay at CY Saad AY

Handsome catalogue
Send now for it.

Box T MOORESTOWN, N. J.

Doubleday,
Pase & Co.

Building to Let

Our present business building in
New York, at 133-137 East 16th
St., near Irving Place, can be
leased for a long term of years at
a very reasonable rental. It has
40,000 square feet of space, is well
lighted, heated and equipped. Suit-
able for offices, wholesale or man-
ufacturing purposes. Can be seen
any business day.

APPLY ONLY TO
Doubleday, Page G Co.

133-137 East 16th St. New York City

for there the plant was again in no time. I gave
it away some more —two or three times. The
next year it was so big that I could not give it all
to any one person. Nevertheless, I kept on giving.
The more I give the more I have, and, now that
the list of friends who are shy of giant knotweed
is dwindling down to nothing, I am wondering how
I am going to settle the question as to whether it
and its still more vigorous brother are to own my
garden or I. Extermination is easy enough to
talk about. It reminds me, however, of the answer
given to those who would deport the Negro race
bodily to Africa; there are not enough ships
available to carry away the babies as fast as they
are born, let alone the adults. So take my advice
and beware the giant knotweed in the ordinary
border. It is a wonderful grower —I have seen
it go to the top of a bay-window in a season — and
there is no questioning the beauty of its foliage and
the myriads of tiny white flowers that droop from
the axils of the leaves in August; but no man
knoweth how far it will wander underground until
one day he sees his lawn or another border invaded
by the reddish shoots that spring up with all the
suddenness of asparagus. The best use for it is
as a summer screen —it dies to the ground in
winter — or for a pseudo-shrubbery effect by the
waterside or in the more remote parts of large
estates. Inside the garden gate it easily develops
into a worse nuisance than even the sheep sorrel.
Bee-balm (Monarda didyma) gives the border
such a gorgeous red in the summer that it would
be a pity to drive it out altogether because of its
bad habits. Few hardy flowers, however, require
more careful watching. This year’s little plant
becomes next year a clump with a clotted mass of
roots and suckers that is well calculated to choke
to death any neighbor with a more delicate con-
stitution. If it is too much trouble to restrain its
deadly depredations, better move it out of the
mixed border and either let it have one by itself
—which may be along a fence line or next to a
building — or give it a place where it can be allowed
lots of room and its own way of developing a
naturalistic effect. For actual naturalizing it
is, of course, excellent, being a native plant. Bee-
balm is frequently thrown away for lack of garden
room when it might just as well have been used
to brighten some waste place.
Of crown vetch (Coronilla varia) J. Wilkinson

OcrosBper, 1910 THE

A $61.00 Dining Set f

S| =

or $27.50

can

Only one of the 75 remarkable bargains offered
in our catalog, mailed free, which explains ex-
actly how you can save over one-half on high-
grade solid oak furniture.

SEND FOR CATALOG NO. 11

Your money back if you are not satisfied. You
take no risk. Our method saves you one-half
in the manufacturing cost, one-half on freight
charges, and all of the 40% to 50% profit
which the jobber and retailer must add to the
manufacturer's price.

A FEW OF THE MANY BARGAINS

OFFERED IN OUR NEW CATALOG
$15.00 chair with cushion . < ‘ $ 6.75
25.00 library table 4 4 6 5 11.25
35.00 Davenport . F - : : 16.25
40.00 couch ; 5 5 : : 18.00
50.00 dining table é . 0 : 19.50

Ask for Furniture Catalog No. I 1
BROOKS MANUFACTURING COMPANY

5310 Rust Avenue Saginaw, Mich.

An Economical Home Water Works

RUNNING WATER
When and Where You Want It

For your country home, dairy, farm, garden
or lawn. Water pumped from nearby stream,

ond or spring without expense for power.
ow in cost; high in efficiency. No trouble, no
repairs, water raised 30 feet for every foot of
fall. Thousands use our

FOSTER cry RAM

> All highly endorsed. Pumps water day and night

Py automatically in any quantity to any height. If desired

= 3 we will guarantee to put one

in to your entire satisfaction,

for a fixed sum, agreed upon in

advance. When once installed,

expense ends. No attention or ex-
pense to maintain. W7zte us.

will insure a gen-

erous supply of Ss

water when and “?

where you want it,

no matter where the wellor spring may be located.
They are durably made, moderately priced and

cost little to keep in order. Built to meet every

condition and service. Write for our free book

“Water Supply for the Home”
Tt will tell you how best to solve water supply problems—
pumps $3.00 to $300.
When you buy a pump see that tt bears the name
“GOULDS.” It is a guarantee of satisfaction.

THE GOULDS MFG. COMPANY
| No. 82 West Fall Street Seneca Falls, N. Y.

GARDEN

MAGAZINE

WRITE TODAY FOR THIS
BOOK OF SAMPLES. SEE
BRENLIN IN ALL COLORS.

Shades have

the success of your

Brenlin seeps your windows looking
right, continues to give absolute satis-
faction.

It is made entirely without the ‘‘filling”’
that falls out and makes the cracks
and pinholes so often seen in ordinary
shades.

Brenlin doesn’t develop wrinkles,
doesn’t bag, won’t fade.

By using Brenlin a room can be com-
pletely darkened; the light can be shut
out entirely. It really shades — no
streaks — no pinholes. Brenlin won’t
show shadows.

For a few cents more a shade, you
can get Brenlin.

It is made in all colors, white, ecru,
green, etc., and Brenlin Duplex, one
color on one side, another on the other.

Look for the marking BRENLIN

BRENLI

Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions about garden furniture

PSG" PIEN Pape pape

me bs
ASSAY AT
\

SHADED THROUGHOUT WITH BRENLIN.

as much to do with
window as curtains

The Three Grades of Window Shades

Brenlin—made entirely without “‘ filling ;”’ six foot shade
complete with brackets, pull and mounted on
best roller, goc.

Camargo — the best staxdard made high grade opaque
shade on the market.

Myama — the most serviceable medium-priced shade
made.

All are made in the Brenlin factories, each is marked
with its name perforated in the side edge. You can’t see it
unless you look for it, but be sure it is there and you will
know you are getting the most serviceable shade you can
get for the price you wish to pay.

Write for our book of samples

With it, we send the names of ovr dealers in your city.
If we have none we shall supply you direct. Write today
CuHas. W. BRENEMAN & Co.

2073-2083 READING Roap CincinnaT1, Ou10

Window
Shades

Real heating economy is realized when you heat your home most

INTENSE >">" FURNACE

comfortably and healthfully and save fuel. The INTENSE Furnace
is made on a new principle of distributing draft through two rows of
flues directly above the fire so that an even distribution of heat is

insured.

A patented check draft permits absolute control of

fire. The INTENSE bums any fuel and gets the most heat out of

it. Made of cast iron and is practically indestructible.

Stands only

51 inches high, permitting it to be installed in low cellars, thereby insuring
proper elevation of heating pipes. Has revolving duplex grates, self=clean=
ing flues, hot water attachment for heating and domestic use, and other features

explained fully in literature sent free on request.

THE G. J. EMENY CO., 57 Hubbard St., Fulton, N. Y.

View shows
Jacket Removed and
Draft Flues cut open.

Sik

SS = +

140 ieee a ence aan ae9 (EIR DION WAG AZ WN Oeromarn. 1910

Elliott once said: ‘One of the prettiest floral
pictures we have ever seen was a great mass of
this in one of the meadows of Franklin Park,
Boston. It completely covered the ground and
had piled itself up in a pleasing tangled mass of
green foliage and white and pink bloom.” I can
well believe it, for that is precisely what it is de-
termined to do in my garden. It is only two years
since a kind-hearted metropolitan gardener gave
me a few scraggly pieces of it with such a paucity
of roots that I feared they would not grow; but,
although I have taken off some for at least thirty
friends, I am already up against the problem of
how to have some of it without having too much.
I rather guess crown vetch was not built for a well-
conducted garden. I once saw it running wild
on a low bank by a roadside, andI fancy such a
place or the top of a wall that is even with the
ground on one side is a wiser choice of site. Cer-
tainly it is a beautiful plant, not well enough known
by half.

And there are other flowers for a ten-acre lot
that cause one to doubt whether the “open door”
is an unmixed blessing for the garden, no matter
how interesting the experiment may be. For
instance, there is the Jerusalem artichoke (Hel-
anthus tuberosa) — its roots good to eat, but never
seen around our way excepting as an “‘escape.”
I just naturally thought that a little of it would
look fine in a hardy border come September, when

Use Paint made with Oxide of Zinc

In selecting the paint for your
house, look ahead! How will it look
in six months? How much of it
will be left in three years?

| _ OXIDE OF ZINC

insures durability and permanent

_ beauty.

See that your paint contains
Oxide of Zinc

Oxide of Zinc is unalterable even

under the blow-pipe

The New Jersey Zinc Co.
55 Wall Street, New York

We do not grind Oxide of Zinc in oil.
A list of manufacturers of Oxide of Zinc paints mailed
free on request.

1840 1910

Old Colony Nurseries

HARDY SHRUBS, TREES, VINES
EVERGREENS AND PERENNIALS

A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants grown in sandy loam.
Good plants; best size for planting very cheap. Priced catalogue
free on application.

T. R. WATSON Plymouth, Mass.

MAKE MONEY
»>GROWING VIOLETS

37 MEN and WOMEN write today for our FREE BOOK-
Zi LET, “Money Making With Violets,” and learn how to
grow violets OUTDOORS ALL THE YEAR in cheap cold
frames and gardens or INDOORS in window gardens, potsand
boxes. Hundreds of blossoms easily grown and quickly sold at
handsome profit. In demand everywhere. A paying business
or fascinating recreation. Our plants are big producers.
Elite Conservatories, Dept. A, Hyde Park, Mass.

Costs little ff
to start.

From the Cottage Gardens Famous Collection

q We offer a selection of about three
hundred of the choicest varieties in
one, two and three year old roots.

q Do not fail to send for our FREE

CATALOGUE which gives au-
thentic descriptions. It also tells you
how to plant and grow this beautiful
flower successfully.

q Shipping season commences Sep-
tember Ist and continues during

the Fall months.

Cottage Gardens Co., Inc.

Queens, Long Island, New York Nurseries

Giant knot weed (rear) and crown vetch (fore-
ground) making themselves too much at home ina
border,

its handsome yellow blossoms should appear on
the garden sky-line. A little did look fine, but
never since has there been a little, and this year I
actually have had to grub it out with all the industry
of a hog — who is as fond of the tuberosa part as
I am of the helianthus. Iris, peony, and phlox
clumps held it in close embrace, and for every tuber
broken in the ground half a dozen shoots sprang
up. I made the same mistake in giving border
room to some of the native asters. Laevis, Nove
Angliz, and a few others are all that is admirable
in point of behavior as well as autumnal beauty,
but there are a couple of the common white asters
that, much as I admire their fleecy clouds of bloom,
I have had to banish to our hedgerow because they
persist in making an underground route to every
choicer herbaceous plant within a radius of a yard
or more, as well as cropping up all over the inter-
vening spaces. The much finer cultivated white
aster, “‘Snowflake,” has the same bad habit, and a
single plant a year old is even now altogether too
thoroughly ‘imbued with the doctrine of territorial
expansion. My obedient plant (Physostegia Vur-
gimica) and my helianthus “Soleil d’Or,” set out
at the same time, are almost as bad, while two
seasons of the “California rose” (Convolvulus
Japonica) have given me enough stock to reéstablish
it in the town whence it had departed save for one
garden. ;

These are the worst of the plants that mistake a

‘| border for‘a ten-acre lot, for the reason that they

4

<a
= Ss

Choicest Hardy Plants If you want your surroundings charming and attrac-
| THE 4 ae a tive next year, do your planting this fall. Let our
GREATEST Money Saver Bulbs, Shrubs, Trees, . Ye adc landscape department help you— no matter how

; x The Readers’ Service is prepared to
OcToBEHER, 1910 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE advise parents in regard to schools 141

Grow
Chestnuts
Like This

For Profit

Whether you have one acre, or a hun-
dred, you can get bigger profits per acre
from Sober Paragon Chestnuts than from any
other crop you could plant.

Hardy, rapid, symmetrical growth; luxuri-
ant foliage; spreading boughs; clean trunk;
stateliness ; immunity from parasitic blight—'

These qualities have been combined and devel-
oped by science to a degree that ciosely borders
perfection, in'the new

SOBER PARAGON

Covers a 50c. piece

Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut

A single crop, Fall of 1909, brought $33,000
(5,500 bushels @ $6.00 a bushel). And that or-
chard was only 8 years old.

Theonly large sweet chestnutin the world.

Bears the second year—a 5-year old tree grew

500 burrs in 1 year. The nuts average 1 to 2
inches in diameter—and 3 to 5 nuts ina burr.
a United States Pomologist, G. B. Brackett, says
The Sober Paragon comes the nearest in quality
to the native chestnut of any of the cultivated
varieties that I have examined. It is of large
size, fine appearance and excellent flavor.”
Testimony from growers, commission mer-
chants, Forrestry Experts, etc., given in our free
booklet, together with prices and particulars.
2 We own exclusive control
\\ ecmem Of the Sober Para-
E gon. This copy-
ss righted metal seal
is attached to every genu-
ine tree when shipped.

Write today for the booklet.

OTHER NUT TREES,
Fruit and Ornamental Trees,

Roses, Shrubs, etc.,
fully described with prices in our new,
handsomely illustrated General Cat-
alogue. No matter what you may re-

Is Your Milk Really Clean
or Merely Clean Looking?

Strained milk all looks alike, it may be crowded
with germs, or positively sanitary. Straining takes
out the coarse dirt, but 1f the dirt and milk once become
mixed, the milk is tainted and cannot possibly be cleaned

0). Note the strai loth
by straining. which the milk strikes,

° ° : Note the dirt-shelf which
The Sterilae Pail assures really clean milk, catches the. dirt falling from
é A . the u b jecti
because it keeps the milk and the dirt from ever shields the strainer cloth from
. ° : . alling dirt.
coming into contact. It is the only effective, low- “itis casytouse, because the

opening is of ample width.

cost device for producing pure milk. Further- “‘edoes not spatter.
more, it is better made and will last longer than any pail that you ever
owned. Try it at our risk.

Here is our offer: We will send a pail, prepaid delivery. You try it for 10 days. If you are not
satisfied, send it back at our expense. If you like it, send us $2.50. Write us that you accept our offer,
and we will ship the pail. Specify a seamless pail if you prefer it, at an increase in price of 50 cents.

STERILAC COMPANY 2 Merchants Row, Boston, Mass.

Modern sanitary Milk Apparatus of all kinds.

MONEY

aa

iv MUSHROOMS

Men and women read how we have
successfully grown mushrooms for
25 years for big profits, and learn
all about our Imperial Spawn,
which we place
direct and fresh in
the hands of the
grower, not dried
and ‘infertile, but
moist and full of
life. Mushrooms

- $ Send to- ii ily 1 th i
quire for Fall or Spring planting (nut, ees) oe j Falkis. Jiao, Seis, ses

7 5 big d2- 0 ; i- C 5
ptt ornamental trees or decorative page ae eee pees You want a flower large and showy without being coarse,
plants), write for this free catalogue. free ; not needed. We were hardy as the oak, easy to grow, and with the delightful
CLEN BR 0s. G@lenmwoo d N . Boole NEE first; eGo you the pus fragrance of the rose? Then

urser and learn nesS_and our methods
: Ys how to vot ete EEE PLANT PEONIES THIS FALL

44th year. “Desk B’’ ROCHESTER, N. Y. ae er YOU RAISE. They thrive better, grow larger and bloom earlier. We

WIZARD) gf B Shredded or

=| im ags Pulverized
Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No
bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 Ibs.). Write

for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
=¥ 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

Cheapest to install, least attention, fewest repairs,
highest efficiency and economical and dependable
under every condition of service is the

There is not a valve or other get-out-of-order feature about
it — just the easiest possible curved flow-lines without a sudden
change of direction in passage through the pump, enabling
water to be raised with less power than wih
any other pump in existence. It’s the modern
way in pumping. There’s 41 years’ of manu-
facturing experience behind it. All goid
medals given to centrifugals at the Alaska-
Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle in 1909
Were awarded to this pump. ; ‘
Made in both horizontal and vertical types, in any
size, in any number of stages
and equipped with any power.
Let-us tell you of other sav-
ing features of this pump.

A THE AMERICAN
| WELL WORKS

! Gen. Office and Works,

AURORA, ILL.

Chicago Office, First National
Bank Building

420 First Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa.

Catalog

specialize sin Peonies. Send for catalog. It describes
National Spawn & Mushroom Co., Dept. 55, Hyde Park, Mass. them carefully, giving cultural directions, also

IRIS, GERMAN AND JAPANESE

’ SEEDS GRO W Their requirements are extremely simple and they are a
yearly source of delight.
If you want a copy of the Wild Bros. Nursery Co. Box 514 Sarcoxie, Mo

‘Leading American Seed
Catalog,’’ for 1910, address BURPEE, Philadelphia.

Write for Our Fall Catalogue--Free

etc., grown by enthu- |
siasts who care more
for quality than price.
‘sa. Write to-day. It is free

small or large your grounds. It is at our patrons’
service. Free.
WAGNER PARK CONSERVATORIES
Box 487, SIDNEY, OHIO
Florists — Nurserymer — Landscape Gardeners

>) Ij you wish to systematize your business the
142 Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions

PROOF

That Farmers all over the
World are Discarding Com-
mon Cream Separators for

SHARPLES DAIRY
TUBULARS

We will mail to you, free, large pictures showing
the immense number of common cream separators
recently exchanged for Sharples Dairy Tubulars.
These pictures would cover more than one page of
this paper, and are positive proof that farmers all
over the world are discarding common machines
for Sharples Dairy Tubulars. These pictures show
just a short time accumulation of these discarded
common machines. Write for these pictures at once.

Sharples Dairy Tubular Cream Separators con-
tain neither disks nor other contraptions, yet pro-
duce twice the skimming force, skim faster and
skim twice asclean ascommou machines, Because
Dairy Tubulars are so simple, they wash many
times easier and wear several times longer than
common separators. Tubular sales exceed most,
if not all, others combined. Tubulars probably
replace more common separators than any one
maker of such machines sells. The World’s Best.
World’s biggest separator works. Branch factories
in Canada and Germany.

Write for Catalogme No. 215

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Ohicago, Iil. San Francisco. Cal.

Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can.

Winnipeg, Can.

SUN-DIALS wae

PEDESTALS

Send for illustrated
price list H 29
HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.
Chicago, 4ll.
New York Office, 1123 Broadway

$2502 Buys This Greenhouse
Price includes everything, benches, boiler, radiating
pipes, ventilating rods and all. No extras. No foun-
dations needed, as it is bolted to iron posts set in the
ground. When you move take the greenhouse with
you. As easy to take down as to put up. Goes
together like a sectional bookcase. No fitting to be
done — shipped all glazed, ready for immediate
erection. j

It will save your flowers from frost. Give you
vegetables and blooming plants all winter. Buy
now and be ready.

Send for booklet of complete information. Also
gives growing information.

HITCHINGS & COMPANY

1170 Broadway, New York

get in their fine work underground and you don’t
even suspect what they are doing until you dis-
cover that they have gone and done it. Self-
sowing offenders like the foxglove, “none-so-
pretty,” and “‘sweet rocket” fairly cover the ground
with their progeny if you chance to let any plants
go to seed; but they at least let you know when they
are up to any mischief.

Connecticut. H. S. ADAms.

The Calendula’s Two Sorts of
Blossoms

SENS establishing our garden in Southern
California, we have become quite interested
in the calendula (pot marigold, the “marybud”
of Shakespeare) as a winter bloomer. We sow
the seeds where they are to stay, in a sunny border,
shortly before the first rains of autumn are due —
say in late September or early October, California’s
second spring. The plants grow rapidly. Con-
siderably before Christmas they are blooming freely,
and never stop throughout the winter. Our
winter temperatures (rarely below 35, and then

Abnormal and normal flower-heads of the calen-
dula on the same stalk

only for a few hours in the night or before sunrise),
with the abundant sunshine, are exactly to the
calendula’s taste, and it is entirely unaffected by
the occasional hard frosts which even in this favored
region have to be reckoned with.

With the coming of the higher temperature of
the spring months, however, the calendula’s glory
passes — the foliage loses its freshness, the plant
spindles, and the peculiar phenomenon shown at
the left of the accompanying photograph is wit-
nessed. The mature flower-head, instead of sim-
ply going to seed and falling to pieces, often
forms both seed and a new set of six or eight flowers,
which spring up from the old head on short, slender
stalks, making a pretty circlet of miniature flowers,
exactly like the normal ones except for their smaller
size.

California. C. ©. SAUNDERS.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OcTroBper, 1910

Boston Garters are made S&S
of best materials in a clean
factory, by well-paid help.

Every pair warranted —
penalty, a new pair or your
money back.

BOSTON GARTERS

RECOGNIZED THE
STANDARD, AND wei

WORN THE WORLD Mt
OVER BY WELL Mil
DRESSED MEN.

Sample Pair, Cotton,25c. ,Silk,50c.
Mailed on Keceipt of Price.

GEORGE FROST Co.maxers f
BOSTON, MASS., U.S.A.

| See that Boston GARTER ¥
is stamped on the clasp.

THE LAWNS OF
OLD ENGLAND

Are famous for their wonderful perfec-
tion and durability. Such lawns may
be produced in our country if

IMPORTED ENGLISH
LAWN GRASS SEED

is used. No weed seeds or coarse
grasses. Hardy and beautiful in color
and texture. Send for directions—
“How to Seed and Keep a Beautiful
English Lawn.” Free.

BARWELL’S AGRICULTURAL WORKS

Madison and Sands Streets Waukegan, IIl.
Established at Leicester, England, in 1800.

Horsford’s
Hardy

Perennials
For Cold Weather

If you have not tried Horsford’s Plants, better
get a few to set with others and watch results.
It pays to have the best if you are looking for the
best flowers. Plants from cold Vermont will win-
ter almost anywhere that white men can. If in-
terested in Hardy Bulbs for Autumn setting,
Home Grown Lilies, Shrubs, Trees or Vines, you
can get them from a Northern climate and feel
sure they won’t kill back the first hard Winter.
My Autumn Supplement, ready middle of August,
offers many inducements to those who have room
to plant iiberally. You should ask for it, also
my Spring catalogue, before placing Fall orders.

F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt.

The Readers’ Service will give information
OcTOBER 7 1910 Ae H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E about the latest automobile esiniey 14;

BE =

ie “sag

+ Loe"

ea Ses es

S there an objectionable outlook from your house that you wish to screen? An unsightly building
I near by, the hiding of which would increase the value and beauty of your place? Is there a
boundary-line of your land that you wish to mark in a way that will at once give utility and beauty?

Moon’s Choice Hardy Shrubs

will speedily give you a border rich in foliage. There is no foliage that you can procure that will
give you more display and value for a given sum—and you may expect an uninterrupted succession
of bloom.

Shrubs may be safely planted now. Let us know your requirements and we will gladly aid you.
Every Moon shrub has behind it the accumulated value and experience of thirty-seven years in the
nursery business. All have strong, fibrous feeding-roots that give them great natural vigor when
placed in new surroundings. Write today for our book:

“Hardy Trees and Shrubs for Every Place and Purpose’’— free
THE WILLIAM H. MCON COMPANY, Makefield Terrace, Morrisville, Pa., 2ts‘s3t si

Hardy Garden Flowers
from Biltmore Nursery

Will Thrive in YOUR

“Permanent Garden”

The hardy plants of Biltmore Nursery will help you realize that
desire of yours for a perfect flower garden, next year and every |
year, if set out this fall.

Here on the high plateaus of the Southern Alleghanies is the nat-
ural home of hardy flowering plants. The vigor of soil and the extremes
of temperature of this section combine to give the plants the utmost

hardiness. |
We take advantage of these perfect growing conditions with propa:
gators who have a thorough knowledge of hardy garden flowers and
their requirements, working with exceptionally good equipment.
Our plants are so grown and shipped that they can be transplanted
without injury, therefore, thriving and coming into bloom quickly in gar-
dens everywhere—even those hundreds or thousands of miles away.

Fall Planting of Hardy Flowers—and WHY

The custom of planting the hardy things in the fall, instead of waiting until spring, is an
excellent one, and an increasing number of flowers-enthusiasts are learning its benefits.

In the fall, while the soil is still warm with summer’s sunshine, and rich with decaying
vegetable matter of growing months, hardy garden plints get a good start toward the
next year, At that season, too, you generally have more time and a better opportunity to do
the work right; another advantage is that the soil usually works better in the fall than in the
early spring. We encourage fall planting whenever it is possible.

New Biltmore Book Free on Request

“HARDY GARDEN FLOWERS’ is a 64-page book, handsomely illustrated throughout from photographs of Biltinore
hardy plants — perennials, lilies, vines, etc. The leading varieties listed are not only illustrated in detail, but are |
shown blooming in the garden. > ‘

Numerous full-page illustrations suggest charming schemes of arrangement for ‘‘ single ’’and ‘ mass ”’ effects, borders,
beds, screens, etc. The practical value of the book is further enhanced by clear and definite cultural directions throughout.

‘“HARDY GARDEN FLOWERS ” is too costly for general distribution, but we will gladly send a copy upon reques.
to anyone who loves the hardy plants and expects to purchase this fall or next spring.

BILTMORE NURSERY, Box 702, Biltmore, N. C.

I lanning to build, the Readers?
144 Soviet olen tue habia cugecsons CHB GAG D) EN AG AOA NOE: OctroseErR, 1910

| = j Digging the Garden in Fall
Best b | est Wh Bu Wash Water? [* DIGGING up the soil in the garden a uniform
be depth should be preserved throughout, the full
: E r e length of the spade or fork being inserted nearly
Chemically : Practically q It requires two or more table- vertically, and the spit turned over, so that the under
ule of the Big P acka ges of a i cies to pe ae ae ops ene a ee
; : : of the ground to be dug shou rst be made, an

lufty Soap Powder to do the work the soil thus rémoved transferred to the place where
ot one tablespoonful of PE ARLINE it is intended to finish. Keep the trench tolerably
: : straight, and of about an even width. |
: ) Ground that has been occupied by garden crops

: x in summer is best thoroughly dug in the autumn,

2 and manure added. It should not be broken with

. q Dry ihe pow dee by spr eading the spade but left for full exposure to the frost and
t

hi | h for consequent aeration during the winter.
em thin y in the sun or In a Warm The same rule applies to ground that has just

spot — leave for 24 hours a then bees ceed of autumn and early winter crops.
Oo Ss ’ ‘ e following spring such soils will be found to
weigh them — you I find the differ- work well, and may be prepared for any desired
ence is in the bulk, not the weight. | (RISSvmeaeperesetrs seem pereesme oe mrt
bo IS ¢ 2 il d hi diti h b
@ PEARLINE IS_CONCEN.| Snes Seri Raul
TRATED SOAP POWDER — | SIISRSR geesnts semen sragren malian
THESE BIG PACKAGES ARE| | aaRgigeses antigen
TIT. GINA b h h il i
FILUFE ED SOAP PP OWDERS. or covered with cian see ek or those ane
P EARLIN E, IS BEST AND eee soul owe une Bee a eae

clayey nature. The workman, when digging, should
stand nearly-erect, insert the spade vertically to.
secure the removal of soil to the full depth, and then
turn the spit away from the position in which he is
standing.

Double digging is performed by having a trench
of double width, removing a spit of the top soil, and
then digging underneath and allowing that portion
to remain. Another width is then marked out, the
top soil on this placed on the other, and each portion
treated successively in a similar manner. ‘This
method is often adopted where subsoils are poor
so that the depth of two spits may be reached with-

TRY TO MAKE SOAP PASTE OF THE Z

riurcen soar rowoene oy eras ero bie

T THE BEST

Buy From A _ Specialist
Choice Evergreens SEE CUMEN TREES

z Ornamental Planting
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS
Write for large illustrated catalog.
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist
Box 106, DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

A good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE
is a good pump. As practical

fruit growers we were using the
common sprayers in our own

é . hards—found thei fi Pogue : : 2
H Sars ae Caer defects out bringing the inferior soil to the surface. Excel-
: ECLIPSE. Its success practi- lent carrots and other vegetables may be obtained
H eee aan eae from soils deepened in this way, which previously
: no chances. “We have done all AGENTS WANTED-—*o sell treesand yielded but a very poor return.
H the experimenting. plants. Steady work. Highest commis- Canada. . W. R. GILBERT.
2 Large fully illustrated i 1 =

\ ~ Shans neler sions payable weekly. Clean, straight

, a= on Spraying—F R E E forward proposition. Write for free outfit.

MOR RIDE @ MOR LES, Oren aa PERRY NURSERIES, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

HAVE YOU ADDED THESE TWO VOLUMES

TO YOUR KIPLING LIBRARY?

Actions and Reactions A Song of the English

A new volume of stories on many themes, with all For this splendid expression of national enthusiasm
the old fascination about them. Contents: “An Habi- Mr. W. Heath Robinson has prepared a magnificent
tation Enforced,” “With the Night Mail,” “A Deal in series of illustrations. There are thirty full pages in
Cotton,” “The Mother Hive,” ‘‘Little Foxes,” “The color, ten full pages in black and white, and pen dec-
Puzzler,” ‘“Garm—A Hostage,” and “The House orations on every page. Net, $7.50 (postage 30c.)

Surgeon.” Illustrated, $1.50. Also in Leather Pocket

Edition, Net, $1.50 (postage 8c.) Wild Flowers Worth Improving

Pocket Edition of volumes marked ** bound in flexible red leather, each net, $1.50 (postage 8c.) 4 r
**Puck of Pook’s Hill. Illustrated **The Day’s Work. $1.50. **The Light that Failed. $1.50. ING PLANT in my entire collection cause
incolor. $1.50. *'Stalky & Co. $1.50. **Soldier Stories. $1.50. many questions to be asked about it, or has
They. Special Holiday Edition. *+Plain Tales fromthe Hills. $1.50. x*The Naulahka (With Wolcott Bal- so many admirers in its season, as does a single

i $1.50. huge specimen of the common, native, giant

Illustrated in color. Fixed price, **Life’s Handicap; Being Stories of PED)
$1.50 (postage 10c.) Mine Own People. $1.50. **Departmental Ditties and Ballads parsnip (Heraclewm lanatum) that I have grown
**Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50. **T he Kipling Birthday Book. en Barrack-room Ballads. for over twenty years, having planted it without

**kThe Five Nations. Fixed price, **Under the Deodars, The Phan- $1.50. any particular expectations. Tts huge leaves and

d : ’Ricksh Willi * i ! 5 '
pe ee Winkie. Pexond Vien ese Mice a ntoat Bee Bae ibs immense umbels of pure white flowers cause most

: : 4 5

OS eGED eRe The Brushwood Boy. Fixed price, White. $1.50 people to think it to be some rare tropical plant;

Tel duce SonSonciBeck uikized Serer Sen a Fixed price, | **Many Inventions. $1.50. few ever recognize it, under cultivation, as being the
price, $1.20 (postage 8c.) $1.00 (postage 10c. * **From Sea to Sea. Fixed price, { | same plant they see in its native wilds.

4 Kipling Stories and Poems Every $1.60 (postage 14c.) I have grown it in the most conspicuous place in
Collected Verse of Rudyard Kip- * A 2 4 ; & P P
ling. Net, $1.80 (postage 14c.) ee ae eka a Ww. Cha, MS jn oamecans Np a ise? my flower garden for over twenty years, and care

*#Kim. $1.50. Net, $1.20 (postage 12c.) **Abaft the Funnel. $1.50. more for it than Ee eae ape planted it. “4
: its season it is the first plant that visitors an
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East Sixteenth Street, NEW YORK SSeS by sce andl alates, andl 4 finmmtshes me
Our “ Guide to Good Books”’ sent free upon request with a considerable supply of excellent cut flowers.
Michigan. W. A. BROTHERTON.

‘OcrosBer, 1910

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats 145

That Priceless Vase —
That Precious Heirloom

Smashed

Money cannot
replace it;
but
Caementium
will restore it

If small parts are missing
they can be filled in and built
up. Joints are almost invisible.
Caementium will mend any-
thing about the house, office-
furniture, pots and pans, china,
glassware, etc.

CAMENT

“Sticks everything, but is not sticky”

It is a mineral paste of powerful tenacity.
It is permanent. Things mended are mended |i
to stay. Any article mended with it will stand }
the test of its former usage.

Caementium comes in 25 cent tins ready to
use. It is in a convenient form and may be }
easily applied. Shake well before using, and |
allow mended article to set. That’s all—for |
splendid results. :

Get it at hardware, drug, grocery or station- |i
ery stores, or send 25c (in stamps or coin) and
we will mail you a full size tin. Get it today.

CAEMENTIUM SALES CO.

Sole Agents U.S. A.
120 X. Boylston St., Boston, Mass. &
78 X. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Ill.
50 X. Church St., New York, N. Y.

Avoid Flies and Typhoid by Using

WV"
, SS LS ‘i

Underground Garbage Receiver

No smell, no flies, accessible, clean, permanent, and
out of sight, as it should be.

Also Underground Refuse Receivers, Under-
ground Earth Closets, __
and Portable Metal J

Houses.

Send for Circulars
SOLD DIRECT
Cc. H. STEPHENSON

40 Farrar Street
LYNN MASS.

CREAM SEPARATORS
First — Best — Cheapest
The original and for 32 years the
! leaders in the Dairy World
=“ Nearly 1,200,000 now in daily use
The Most Perfect Centrifugal Separator Known
Send for a Catalogue
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.

Chicago New York San Francisco
— Montreal Winnipeg Seattle

—

‘Model Extension
Carnation Support

| Endorsed by all the leading growers of the country
| as the best support for carnations made.

E>

|

Repays the cost many times over
In a single season.

Made strong and light of heavy
Galvanized Wire.

Over 3,000,000 in Use

Price 50c per doz., $3.50 per 100

Send for price list and catalogue
of other garden specialties

IGOE BROTHERS

|' 67-71 Metropolitan Avenue, BROOKLYN N. Y.

| Ree ITC UT a Le

ant -—_——

H i

Own a Greenhouse

T IS the logical thing to do; logical be-
cause of the satisfactory return it will
give, not to mention the genuine pleas-

ure. It is an every way practical invest-
ment for you, who like your flowers and
especially enjoy those you grow in that
garden of yours in the summer. When
the winter comes, you indulge your
fondness for them in buying a few, but
they don’t give you anything like the
pleasure that those grown in your own
garden did, And why is it? It must
be that the personal element counts in
flowers as well as in everything else.

Those you buy are just flowers — those
you grow are flowers plus the planting,
watching, watering, coaxing, and caress-
ing which you enjoyed so. Come to
think about it, the greenhouse garden is
even more interesting than your out-
door ones, because in addition to all

Lord and Burnham Co.

New York
St. James Building

Boston

Once grown,

Maule’s Seeds always grown.

Send postal for 1910 catalogue. WuLL1am HENRY
Mau eg, 1721 Filbert Street, Philadelphia.

Estate or Farm Manager —
Open for Engagement

Thoroughly experienced and competent in all details connected with the
construction, development and general management of first-class business
farm, or Gentleman’s estate. American 38. Record and references that will
bear careful investigation. Present position includes four years in the develop-
ment and finish of one of the finest estates in western New York, Change
caused by death of owner and division of property.

ELMTREE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.

Tremont Building

the rest you are out-generaling nature,
as it were.

Your greenhouse, although it is always
in season, will always yield out of sea-
son. Why not have a house at once?
You have been thinking about it so long,
it is high time to make it a reality. Write
us today, and we will tell you all about
this house shown, for it is a particularly
practical one, planned with the idea of
its being enlarged economically at any
time — and that’s one thing every green-
house enthusiast is bound to do. Along
with the details of this house, we will
also send some Advance Pages from our
new catalog, that will give you some
valuable information on the kind of house
best adapted to your needs.

To insure you promptness in reply-
ing, write to any one of our offices nearest
to you.

IRVINGTON,
ING MG

Philadelphia
Heed Building

Chicago
The Rookery

PENNSYLVANIA.
Quality LAVIN MOWERS

THE ONLY MAKE WITH CRUCIBLE TOOL-STEEL
BLADES THROUGHOUT
net

Homes of Gharacter scsica

postpaid
" The BEST BOOK of house plans, published
by an Architect of Ability and 20 Years’
Expertence, illustrates over 40 plans and 50
exteriors of modern $1,000 to $10,000 homes
(actual cost) with full description and cost of
plan for each house. Sent postpaid for $1.00.
Sample pages for 2c. stamp.

John Henry Newson, Architect, 1246 Williamson Bldg., Cleveland, 0.
Working Plans, Specifications, and Estimates Prepared

INTELLIGENT SPRAYING

The Rural New-Yorker stated editorially, Sept. 19th, 1908 :—** The Rural Grounds now appear to be free from scale for the first

time in 12 years. * * * It has been a long fight, excessively discouraging until the soluble oils came to the rescue three years ago.
he prospects brightened at the first trial of these handy preparations, and repeated use seems to have resulted in victory." Spray-

ing was omitted this year.

PSCALECIDE”

alone did more in three years than Lime-Sulphur and other “‘ dopes”’ did in nine.

Are you still in the Lime-Sulphur ranks ?

PRICES :-—IN BARRELS AND HALF BARRELS, 50c. PER GALLON; 10 GALLON CANS, $6.00; 5 GALLON CANS, $3.25; 1 GALLON CANS, $1.00.
Send for Booklet“ WHYS and WHEREFORES of Fali Spraying.”
ou want cheap oils. our ‘*‘CARBOLEINE”’ at 30c. per gallon is the equal of anything else.

If y
B. G. PRATT CO., Mfg. Chemists,

50 CHURCH STREET,

NEW YORK CITY

If you are planning to build, the Readers’
146 Service can often give helpful suggestions

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OcToOBER, 1910

COmm
AND POTTERY FOR

GARDEN ANDsé © &,
INTERIORDECORATION

Transplant in a Galloway Terra Cotta flower pot
and add to the decorative value of your plants in the
house. i
{ Quality of material and beauty of design
f character our extensive collection of Vases
| and Terra Cotta Furniture for garden and
indoor use. AES
Write for catalogue.

Galloway Terra Cotta Co.
3214 Walnut St., Phila., Pa.

<<

<—
==

S
mas
5

The Elizabeth Nursery Co.

OF ELIZABETH, N. J.

offer one of the largest stocks of
Evergreens, Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants
in this country. Send for their catalogue. |

PAEONIES

The best in the world. Every choice variety known
Prices greatly reduced
Festiva Maxima 35 cents Marguerite Gerard $1.00
Felix Crousse 50 cents Baroness Schroeder $2.00
Strong roots, well grown by one who has given ze
years to the study of Pzonies exclusively. List free.

E. J. SHAYLOR Wellesley Farms, Mass.

The Cigaret
you can
smoke all
day without
a trace of
“nerves —
because it’s just
pure, clean, sweet
tobaccos, blended by
artists. Prove it.

MAKAROFF
RUSSIAN
CIGARETS

15 cents and a quarter
AT YOUR DEALERS

Jpatarefy - Golan

Mail address—95 Milk Street, Boston

Another Way to Start Rose
Cuttings

fos several years I have raised roses from
slips in a way that seems new to every one
who hears of it. I have about two hundred roses
now as beautiful as any that I have ever seen out
of California, so I can vouch for the success of
my method.

I make a coldframe in the usual way with no
manure, and sink the boards of the frame into the
ground several inches. I fill the frame about half
full of sand and good garden soil mixed, and have
it well packed so that the ground is firm.

I generally get my slips in October and start
them in the bed, with the glass in place. It is a
good idea to fix the bed, water it, put the glass on
and leave it for a week or two so that the weeds
will have a good chance to germinate before the
slips are put in, for the weeds are apt to smother
the roses. Put the slips into the ground as close
together as possible. My roses have bloomed in

An original method of starting rose cuttings—in a
coldframe

the coldframe and have continued to bloom con-
stantly when they wefe put in the ground. Crowd-
ing helps to keep out the weeds.

Some of the slips cut at just the proper time do
not lose their leaves at all, but seem to go on growing,
though most of the leaves wither and fall. In put-
ting the slips in the ground, the leaves should be cut
off close to the stem, leaving only the stump to pro-
tect the little bud.

In taking the roses out of the frame, use a flat
trowel instead of a rounded one, and carefully
separate each little plant from its neighbor. When
they are set out, they should be watered and pro-
tected from the bright sun for a day or so. An
inverted flower pot is the best thing for the purpose.

The rose slips should be rather long and several
bud-eyes should go into the ground, being careful
not to bend the stems. I often use a meat skewer
to make the holes and then press the earth close to
the stems with my fingers.

There should be several eyes above the ground,
too. After all the slips are in, sprinkle the bed until
it is thoroughly soaked, put on the glass (which
should fit tight), then fill every crevice as full as
possible with cement so that the entire frame is air-
tight, and hill up the dirt around the outside of the
frame so that no air can come in from that source.
In late spring the roses are ready to be put in their
permanent places.

Kentucky. A. G. WHITLEY.

Dutch Bulbs

from the Growers
direct to the Planters

We have just received from
our nurseries at Sussenheim,
Holland, a supply of the very
best bulbs of every descrip-

tion—Hyacinths, Tulips, Nar-
cissus, Crocus, etc. We sell
none but absolutely the best
quality bulbs. Order early
while we still have full stock.

Catalogue sent upon request

FRANKEN BROTHERS
DEERFIELD ILLINOIS

HARDY PHLOX

Over 250 varieties, many of which are far the
best of the standards. No other firm in the world
can show so many. Also Delphiniums, Iris, Hibis-
cus, etc. Write today for free list.

W. F. Schmeiske, 163 Robinson St., Binghamton, N. Y.

Dutch Bulbs and Roots

Of All Varieties

comm C. G. van Tubergen, Jr.
Haarlem, Holland

Orders for importation only. Catalog free.
C.C. ABEL &CO., Sole Agents, 112 Broad St., New York

Astronomy

FOR

Everybody

y
PROF. SIMON NEWCOMB

A popular book on astronomy
which the whole family will
read and can understand.

“A book which should be familiar in
every family. More fascinating to
the average inquisitive child than

“Alice in Wonderland. ”
—Louisville Post

100 ILLUSTRATIONS
Net, $2.00 (postage 16 cents)

Doubleday, Page & Company

133 East 16th Street, New York
Send for our “ Guide to Good Books,”’ mailed free,

@ The Book That Has Set
a Continent A-Laughing

PIGS IS
PIGS

By ELLIS PARKER
BUTLER

Illustrated. $0.50

BY THE SAME AUTHOR:

“Water Goats and Other Troubles.” Illus-
trated. $0.50

“Kilo.” $1.00

“Mike Flannery: On Duty and Off.” Illus-
trated. $0.50

“The Great American Pie Company.” Illus-
trated. $0.50

“That Pup.” Illustrated. $0.50.

“The Thin Santa Claus.” Illustrated. $0.50

@Over Quarter of a Million Copies
of the Butler Books Have Been Sold !

Doubleday, Page & Co., New York City

Send for our “ Guide to Good Books,” mailed free

at all seasons

A Mess
of fresh us rooms Growing in your Cellar
: n postage stamps together with the name of your
2g") cts. cee will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of

SME” | ambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN
* best high-grade spawn in the market, together with-large illustrated book

on Mushroom Oulture, containing simple and practical methods of raising»
reserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
) be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

| Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn.

Water Your Flowers Once in 2 Weeks

That's all that is necessary if youusethe time-saving, ===
labor-saving, all metal, rust-proof and leak-proof

Illinois Self-Watering Flower Box

You will have better, hardier, longer- lived plants. Our box is for in-
door or outdoor use. It is inexpensive and sold on 30 days' FREE
trial. Descriptive booklet FREE

ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING co.

# 33 Dearborn Street Chicago, Ill.
4 117 Winston St., Los Angeles, Cal.
§ Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., Dist. for N. Y., N. J. and Pa.

IORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIDS in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
a Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

Sold by
Seedsmen and

Merchants

. Hammond’ s
Slug Shot

4 = FISHKILL- ON -
ih “Cattle ee HUDSON, N. Y.

nt

The Readers’ S ll
| OcrorpeR, 1910 SEB Ny AV BOD IHN aa Ay G: AA TIN Ey gjormaiion shoud motor toa 147

We sold more
than a thousand
of these four-post
beds at a special
price inSeptember

Watch our maga-
zine announce-
ments, and ask our
dealers, for other
attractive specials

Cowan Cabinet-Work,

which started out simply to be ¢he
best furniture, has continued to be
that, and has, in addition, reached
a larger sale than any other fine
furniture in the world. The
reason is that every piece of
Cowan furniture, at its price, re-
presents more real value than any
other furniture at the same price.

Cowan furniture is made in more than a thousand patterns, all in
the finest mahogany or Circassian walnut, and is the only line of
fine furniture made in sufficient variety so that your entire home
may be furnished with it.

It is shown as a separate line, distinct from all other furniture,
by leading furniture stores throughout the country. Do not buy
furniture until you have seen it. Let us give you the name of the
dealer in your city.

The Cowan ( (cH (CHICAGO) (CHICAGO) N Trade Mark

W. K. COWAN & COM PANY

Shops—The Lake Shore Drive, Chicago.
Retail Store — 203-207 Michigan Avenue, Chicago.
Agencies—throughout the country.

Get Berckmans3z New Catalo ogue!

Right now, before you select the trees and invarietyandextent. Theillustration
shrubs you are going toneed for fall planting, suggests the magnificent size and form of
7 . want you to have a copy of our handsome Fruitland Evergreens, many of them twenty
new Catalogue. Our location and facilities give 4 years old. They have been frequently trans-
planted and sheared, and can be moved success-
fully for long distances. Write for prices on
big evergreens.
‘Ow ners of estates desiring to improve their
property are invited to communicate with us.
We have a thoroughly competent force of
Landscape Engineers, Designers and Drafts-
men, and first-class equipment. Address
inquiries care of our Landscape Depart-
ment, 414 Harrison Bldg., Augusta, Ga.
And be sure to write for the Catalogue
P. J. BERCKMANS (0., Fruitland Nurseries
Drawer 1070-B, Augusta, Ga.

many decided advantages in the production
and shipment of plants. The new book
tells how Fruitland Ornamentals are
grown, and why they have been found so
satisfactory in almost every section of
the country. It isa thoroughly practical
and mighty attractive work, which we
willsend free to home-owners whocon-
template buying trees, shrubsor plants.
Persons interested in the striking
evergreen effects possible only with
large specimens, will find our
stock of these most unusual

Do you intend to build a poultry house?
148 earner ceaie a ADIGE GrNIR IDI IN IEA GA ICIN) Te OctosBer, 1910

“tis a . specimen of literary impressionism.” — Rochester Bost Exproe

a Mr. Smith has crested a dream-world of ineffable chara see rer mee =
‘with poetic beauty.” — San Francisco Argonaut.

“ it has that indefinable quality of atmosphere.” — Brooklyn Eagle. |
“ By far the best thing Mr. Smith has done.” — New York Evening Sun. |

‘Fixed Price, $1.50. Postage 15 Cents

_ Doubleday, F Page & Compan. New York

This Bungalow is Lined, Roof and Walls, with
Cabot’s Sheathing Quilt

and the owner says:

“Experience has more than justified this method. The second
story rooms are in summer as cool as those on the first floor,
while in winter all the rooms are warm and comfortable in the
coldest windy weather.”’

The cost was $20 for the whole house, and for
this $20 the owner gets warmth and comfort and
reduced coal bills as long as the house stands.
Can you make a better investment? Quilt is not
a mere building paper. It is a heat-proof and
cold-proof insulator.

Send for sample and catalog. Free.

Samuel Cabot, Inc., 1 Oliver St., Boston, Mass.

An Experience in Transplanting
amaliiee

I HAD long considered it out of the question for to

successfully move a tree of large size, especially
a kind notoriously hard to transplant, like an
oak. All my previous experience had been with
trees that were either very small, such as nursery
stock, apples, pears etc., or easy to move, such
as maples, willows, or poplars. However, as the
tree was growing on my own property and in a
place where the digging was easy, I decided to make
an attempt to move it to my lawn.

I knew that large trees were often moved by
professionals, but I had neither a knowledge of
their methods nor any of their apparatus. All the
tools I used were a shovel, a pick, a crowbar, and
a ball of heavy twine.

We (for I had a helper) started by cutting away
all the sod around the tree for a distance about
three and one-half feet from the butt. Then
we began digging carefully and as fast as we
uncovered a lateral root we would follow it out
and uncoyer it to the end and, bending it up care-
fully, would tie it to the tree trunk by means of the
twine. I had intended to preserve a ball of earth
around the roots, but the sandy character of the
soil made this impossible. Perhaps in the winter,
with the ground frozen, we could have done so, but
this was done in October with the leaves still hang-
ing on the tree, although they had been killed by
the frost.

We found that most of the’roots radiated toward
the south and west which was doubtless merely an
accident of growth. Wherever we had free digging
without any roots in the way we would remove
as much earth as possible and, working under the
tree with our hands, haul the dirt into this hole
and take it out with a shovel. In fact, a great
deal of the work was done with our hands anyway.

None of the larger roots were injured in the least

until we got to the tap root. The end of that —

must have come out in China, After following it
down as far as we could without special tools, we
cut it off. We lifted the tree and measured its
root system in order to make the receiving hole
large enough.

Then it started to rain. I had purposely selected
a cloudy day for the work, and we covered the
roots with an old carpet and stopped work until
the next day. When the tree was planted we were
very careful to spread the roots out and to make
the earth fine around them. All the earth was
packed in and tramped upon before the tree was
set. We secured it by two guy wires to the north
and west to prevent it from being disturbed by the
winter winds. None of the branches were trimmed
off except a few scraggly things that spoiled the sym-
metry of the tree.

The next spring the tree came out in full leaf
just as though nothing had happened. I watered
it several times during the summer drought, but
perhaps even this was unnecessary. The tree was
fully four inches in the butt and at least twelve
feet high. (Rather over-much trouble for this sized
tree — Ed.)

New York. F. H. Moore.

Flowers for Nine Months

[es year in my garden was not particularly

favorable — the spring was late, the summer
very dry, the fall came all too soon — yet from the
last of March, when pansies were in full bloom under
the disappearing snow, to December 31st, when I
cut the last bunch of the same flower, the garden
was not without bloom of one kind or another.
I also had stocks all through November.

First of all came the bulbs — planted in all the
annual beds they need almost no care, need not be
removed, and do not run out for years, and then
only the tulips. The crocus and narcissus bulbs
multiply each year.

In four annual beds, 50 x 5 ft. I put two rows in
each of white, yellow, lavender, and purple crocuses.
They are much more effective if the colors are
kept separate. All through April these beds are
most attractive with scillas in the grass plots and
snowdrops in the border.

In May the Emperor narcissus and yellow tulips
blossom in one bed; Narcissus poeticus and white

SSS SE
= 5 +

OcrosBer, 1910

THE

Trees that will give shade
Trees, BIG Trees; and comfort from the time

Thousands !
{ Bis T so strong and thrifty that the
or big trees shock of transplanting will
not check their growth; trees that will immediately add
the finishing touch of beauty to your home
_ grounds; trees that it would take
ae many years to equal if you
started with the small
sizes so common.

they are planted; trees that are

basins

|
|

GARDEN MAGAZINE

\ first order.

Nelson’s Large
Trees and Shrubs
Save You Years

' We have spent years—years that we can now save to you —in per
' fecting our stock of trees and shrubs.
quantity of specimens, like those shown in the two left-hand pictures.
/ These will quickly transform a barren place into one of beauty and finish

which heretofore it has required a generation to obtain.
results quickly produced by our shrubs and trees are shown in the two pictures al
the right-hand side.

You May Have Your Home
Grounds Complete

About as soon as your home is finished —by planting Nel-
son’s immediate-effect trees and shrubs, both deciduous and
evergreen. They give you pleasure and service— and will
be none the less of benefit to posterity. You will also be sur-
prised to learn how reasonably we sell them in comparison
with the standard sizes of the trade. You will actually save
money by purchasing our large mature trees and shrubs —it
will cost you a great deal more to grow little fellows to the
same size than the difference between what you pay for them
and our prices for very much larger ones.

Our Book Free If You Live in 500 Miles

We have developed our specialty of big, strong trees and shrubs especially for the
benefit of planters in our immediate territory — the Mississippi Valley and the
To any home owner within 500 miles of
, Chicago, therefore, we will gladly send our new book, ‘Landscapes
| Without Waiting,” free of charge. We must ask persons further away
\ to remit 50 cents for it, however, but the amount will be rebated or
If you live within 500 miles and own your own home,
' write us today for free copy of this helpful book.

of the Great Lakes.

SWAIN NELSON & SONS CO.

883 Marquette Building, Chicago, III.

In our nurseries we have a great

Examples of the

For information regarding railroad and steam-
ship lines, write lo the Readers’ Service 149

Shrubs that have been prop- Shrubs for REAL |

agated and grown expressly
for this purpose; shrubs that “Landscapes

have the pedigree, size and * oi)
vigor required to produce Without Waiting
immediate effects; shrubs which will at once make
your lawn or yard pleasing to
the eye and refreshing to
the body; shrubs that
are not affected

by transplant-

ing.

A FEW OF OUR
Bargains in Peonies

Our Guarantee 3 for 1.

We will replace with

THREE every ONE that is not true to description

For Indoor and Outdoor Culture

Beautifully illustrated catalogue free on request

. 1 collection.
216 “6 “ “ “cs 66
432 ‘“ “ “ 6 66

143 Hardy bulbs for Outdoor Culture.

286 66 “cc “6 “6

Delivered free anywhere in the United States

Particulars of above assortments in our catalogue
READY FOR SHIPMENT. ORDER EARLY

J. M. THORBURN & CO.
33 Barclay St., New York

Dept. G.

108 choice bulbs for House Culture.

WHITE

Per Doz.

Beaute de Villecante

Dr. Bretonneau

Price $2.75
5.00
9.50
2.75
5.00
9.00

Felix Crousse

M. du Ribert
M. Krelage

Six at the dozen rate.
Can supply larger plants of these and many other sorts
Send for complete list including Iris at prices equally as attractive

PETERSON NURSERY

Madame Emile Galle

Marguerite Gerard

Princess Beatrice

Triomphe de |'Exposition de Lille

Souvenir de l'Exposition Universelle...-1 yr

RED

Adolphe Rousseau

Madame Bucquet

Less than six at one-tenth the dozen rate

Established 1856

WM. A. PETERSON, Proprietor
Lincoln & Peterson Avenues

Chicago, Illinois

ae Sing RN Se

~ If you wish to systematize your business the
150 Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OcToBER, 1910

en for $

For $10.00 I will send you fifty plants made up of the finest varieties of the flowers mostly seen in Grand-
mother’s Garden. These will plant a bed 15 ft. long by 4 ft. wide. Will also send you a Planting plan
which, if followed, will insure you a continuity of bloom and perfect color effect. The varieties areas follows:

5 AQUILEGIA COERULEA, deep blue. Long
spurs. Blooms in early May.

5 CAMPANULA PERSICIFOLIA, alba; white; an
improved variety of the old fashioned Canta-
berry Bell; covered with bloom from June 1st
to July Ist.

5 CAMPANULA PERSICIFOLIA, blue; the same
habit as above, only bright blue flowers.

5 COREOPSIS LANCEOLATA; beautiful golden
yellow; July; very floriferous.

5 LARKSPUR;; begins flowering in June and, by
cutting off stems, will bloom all summer.
5JAPAN IRIS; most beautiful of flag lilies; flowers

blue, white, and purple, six inches in diameter.

5 BOLTONIA ASTEROIDES; one plant will
bear thousands of beautiful, white, daisy like
blooms; 4 to 8 feet high and does not need to
be staked.

5 PHLOX PANICULATA; for beautiful coloring
and mass effect, these plants are unequaled.
White, lilac, pink and red are the principal
colors.

5 SHASTA DAISY; immense flowers, a product
of Luther Burbank.

5 PERENNIAL ASTERS; these are the latest
blooming flowers of this climate, having a
beautiful bloom, . height 4 to 5 feet; very
effective.

Send for catalogue on fall planting

GARFIELD WILLIAMSON

Nurseries, Ridgefield, N. J.

Lord Loveland
Discovers America

bom"

Lord Lov

By C.N. AND A. M. WILLIAMSON

Authors of
“The Lightning Conductor,’ “The Chaperon,” etc.

*“’'The romance is one of the best of the many
by the Williamsons, a lively, light and always
interesting tale, with many little mysteries and
many well-drawn characters.’’—Boston Transcript.

““The story is full of incident, marked by a
sprightly wit, a keen analysis of character.’’—
Chicago News.

Illustrated in color. Fixed price,
$1.20 (postage, 12c.)

Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 E. 16th St., N. Y.

52 Broadway, New York

WHEELOCK FENCE will last your lifetime!

It’s strong — 5/32" wire — unclimbable—and heavily galvanized after
weaving—no chance for rust— guaranteed RUST PROOF for all time.
The best and heaviest wire fence for any and all purposes.
We also make Wheelock Trellis, Flower Bed Guard and Tree Guard. Send for booklet

WHEELOCK “RUST PROOF” FENCE CO.

“As much bigger and stronger as a decade of
steady growth can well make it.”
—The Bookman.

The Romance of a Plain Man
By ELLEN GLASGOW
$1.50

BY THE SAME AUTHOR:

The Ancient Law ... © « e « $1.50
The Wheel of Life . . . « « « - 1.50
The Battle-Ground . . . «6 « - - 1.50
The Voice of the People . ... 1.50
The Deliverance. . ....-- 1.50

The Freeman and Other Poems, Net 1.50
(Postage, 12c.)

“Tt 1s one of those rare books that make you

forget everything outside its covers.”
—The Interior.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK tHe GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YorK.

Our “Guide to Good Books” sent free upon request

Slater Building
Worcester, Mass.

tulips in another; Narcissus odorata (double white)
and pink tulips in another; with more flaming red
tulips and narcissus Emperor in a fourth.

While these are still in bloom, the annuals are
put in between the rows —trailing nasturtiums in
one bed, pansies in another, ten weeks stock and
asters in the other two. Each year I vary them
and have at least one new kind. Sometimes it
is the single tuberous begonias, or verbena
—fact, anything that has a slender root will do
well.

The tender plants are shaded by the
leaves of the tulips. Before these have died down
(for you must not cut the leaves, as it de-
stroys vitality of the bulbs), the pansies and
nasturtiums are in bloom and the others are
not far behind. Verbenas and pansies and
stock will bloom on and on till the snow covers
them.

Pennsylvania. W. B. GRAVEs.

A Shrub for Seashore Planting

HE sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides),
which is native to the coast regions of South-
ern Europe and of Asia, is normally a shrub eight
to ten feet high, though occasionally it becomes a
small tree attaining a height of twenty to twenty-
five feet. In habit it is frequently somewhat
straggling and is seldom really symmetrical. The
branches are numerous, irregular, and somewhat
spinose. The foliage is willow-like and silvery
gray in color. The yellowish flowers appear in
May after the leaves have unfolded and are borne
in clusters of two or three. These are followed
by a profusion of berry-like fruit which is about
the size of a pea.
The fruit reaches maturity in late September
or early October, and retains its showy orange color

The sea buckthorn is a beautiful fall shrub hay-
ing silvery-gray foliage and orange berries which
reach maturity in September and October.

until midwinter and sometimes until early spring.
As the plant is dioecious, it is essential to have
specimens of both sexes.

This shrub is particularly well adapted to sea-
side planting, where it thrives in barren sandy soil
and in exposed situations, yet it does just as well
in inland gardens and shrubberies. Its adaptability
to seashore planting and the great ornamental
value of its fruit make it a specially desirable plant.
Perhaps no shrub is a more striking object than is
the sea buckthorn when laden with a wealth of
orange berries.

Massachusetts. DANIEL E. CLARKE.

OcToBER, 1910

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

f Twice a Month
in rica

Beginning in November,
Country Life in America will
be issued twice a month. This
change to a semi-monthly
comes as a definite
result of the great
growth of country
living. With two
issues a month we
hope to meet every
need of every one
who feels the call of
the country — meet
it in a helpful, prac-
tical way, while
maintaining the
beauty of the maga-
zine. The first-of-the-month
issue will be expansive, covering
in its articles and departments
all sides of country interest,
while the mid-month issue will

Famous
Consulting
Editors:

be tensive, a manual covering

some vital subject of country
living in a_ thoroughgoing
way. Consulting editors of the
highest standing:in
their fields will give
to these mid-month
special numbers the
stamp of unques-
tioned authority —
and the 24 num-
bers will go to the

subscriber at the

same price, $4.00

charge or 12

numbers. May
we send you, with our com-
pliments, a sample copy of
Country Life in America, and
a full outline of our new
plan P

Louis B. TIFFANY, of “Inside the House Number”;
JOHN BURROUGHS, of “Winter Joys Number”; CHARLES
J. GLIDDEN, of “Motor Number”; JOHN M. CARRERE,
of “Little House Number”; CLIFFORD B. HARMON, of
“Flight Number”; PROF. LIBERTY H. BAILEY, of “Back to
the Land Number”; DR. CHAS. S. SARGENT, of “Rose Lov-
ers Number’; WILSON EYRE, of “Bungalow Number.”

or

I} you wish 7 ti bout d
152 1 edhe Ret ee TR (CUAURMID IE) Nive Case Zale NE! OcrosEr, 1910

SPRAY “=: LEADER

Gasoli eae Machi
aso ne Pressure ac Ine
Has 3% Horse-Power, 4-Cycle Engine
and Hopper Jacket for Ccoling
It supplies 10 nozzles at a pressure of 200 lbs. with safety
valve blowing off, and this service can easily be increased

without overtaxing the engine.

A Complete Spraying Rig

and it will refill the tank, saw wood, grind feed, run your repair
shop, shell or clean your grain, run the cream separator or the churn,
and is safe, simple and satisfactory. :

Also 2-Horse-Power Rigs with Triplex Pumps—We also manufac-
ture a full line of Barrel, Knapsack, and Power Potato Sprayers with
Mechanical Agitators and Automatic Strainer Cleaners. Catalog FREE.

FIELD FORCE PUMP Co.
me ae

JOHN DEERE PLOW co. { antes City, Mo:
C. P. ROTHWELL & CO., Martinsburg, W. Va.

BRACKETT-SHAW & LUNT CO., Boston, Mass.

“NEW ENGLAND QUALITY ”

, jee §=6in its application to Bulbs signifies a class of goods carefully
NEWENGLAND 2, selected to meet the requirements of discriminating buyers. Not
NS =f only are the bulbs right, but the prices are right.

ae ES We would appreciate an opportunity to send you our
recently-issued catalog of

BULBS, FLOWERS, EVERGREENS, SHRUBS

and other high-grade nursery stock suitable for Fall planting.
NWI You will find it interesting.

sae THE NEW ENGLAND NURSERIES, INC.
BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS

RHODES DOUBLE CUT aE only pruner made
PRUNING SHEAR
y that cuts from both
sides of the limb and does not

bruise the bark. Made in all

styles and sizes. We pay Express

le Rives MFG.com aan charges on all orders.

SWIFT’S ARSENATE OF LEAD
is the most effective insecticide for all kinds of leaf-

GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. =@ Write for circular and prices.
eating pests. Send for valuable treatise on methods
of protecting the foliage of trees and plants.

Victor ,2, >
ea

ictor .°, 3)

MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO., 59 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ;

$100 einensszr
AN IDEAL LAWN TREE

Decidedly ornamental, with a dense, perfect, half globular or
umbrella-shaped head, high on a straight, upright stem. Very
hardy; extensively used in formal gardens and especially adapted
for lawn planting—

Umbrella Tree (Catalpa Bungei)

will thrive in almost any soil, and is generally a most satisfactory
tree to plant. I make a specialty of Catalpa Bungez and other
Shade Trees, Evergreens, Hardy Flowering Shrubs, Roses,
Fruit Trees, etc., in great assortment.

STEELE’S STURDY STOCK

Grown in New Jersey, with its soil and climate advantages, is
ready to start growth again anywhere, assoon as planted. Orna-
mental landscape plans prepared and executed. Beautifully
illustrated catalogue free.

T. E. STEELE, Pomona Nurseries, Box A, PALMYRA, N. J.

POISON-IVY

Poison-ivy has thoroughly worked itself into a
patch of ground about 50x100 ft. How can I
get rid of it?

Connecticut. S. N. D.
— Spray the plot of ground with arsenate of soda
(one pound to twenty gallons of water), which will
kill all vegetation. One application, if the plants
are young and tender, will do this. In the middle
of the summer — say in July and August — the
ground should be mown first and more than one
application of the soda given. The area can then
be replanted with more peaceful inhabitants of
the soil.

KILLING QUACK GRASS

My lawn is infested with quack grass. What
is the best way to exterminate it?

Massachusetts. F. W. L.
— The only way to remove quack grass is to dig
up the ground several times at intervals during the —
summer, as it is impossible to get out all the roots —
at cnce. If you start now you may be able to sow
grass, and in the early spring, preferably on the
last snow, but do not do so unless you are sure that
you have succeeded in killing out the grass. A
lawn should be built like a house — to last a life-
time — but this, of course, means a lot of pre-
liminary expense.

TRANSPLANTING HARDY PLANTS

What is the best time to transplant arborvite,
hardy roses,. peonies, etc. ?

Towa. GxCys:
— Arborvite and all other evergreens should never
be transplanted in the West after the beginning of
September. The best.time is in April or as soon
as the frost is out of the ground and before the
deciduous trees begin to leaf out. Hardy roses
and all other shrubs are best transplanted in the |
spring while they are dormant. March is usually —
a convenient time for this work provided the soil |
can be properly worked. Peonies should be
moved in September, and never at any other time.
This applies to plants which have been bought
from nurserymen. If you are to transplant from
a friend’s garden, they can be moved as late as
the middle of September or else early in the spring.
Separate the suckers from bushes which have grown
too large, provided you want to have more plants
of the same kind.

IMPROVING A CLAY SOIL

Would it improve a rather heavy clay soil to
plow or fork into it all green waste such as corn
stalks, cabbage leaves, squash, tomato and bean
vines, etc., as they die down in the fall?

Pennsylvania. M. T.
— Save all garden refuse that is not diseased and
make a compost heap, adding all autumn leaves
possible. Next year you can cover it with squash
vines, and the compost can be used that fall. Corn
stalks are too woody for the compost heap, but
they are worth saving for the covering of bulb beds,
hardy borders, and strawberry plants. The cheap-
est way to get nitrogen and humus into the soil
is to use one-half of the garden next year for vege-
tables and sow the other half to cow peas, reversing -
the process the following year. If this is not —
practicable, the only plan is to keep on buying
manure. Fall plowing improves the texture of
the soil a great deal. You can buy fresh manure
and put it on the soil at any time during the winter.

The Readers’ Service will ard you
153

OcToBER 1910 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E in planning your vacation trip

HE Advantages of Growing
Dwarf Fruit Trees

Do you know that dwarf fruit trees bear bigger, better fruit, bear several years earlier, and produce

more return for a given space than standard trees? ‘This is all true and there are even more important

DWARF APPLES points.
ieilgtena Walbridge The low broad heads are within reach, so that apples or pears can be easily picked. The pests
Spy Nicsanden that are expected to destroy the majority of home fruit gardens within a few years (asserted by leading
Wealthy Ben Davis writers) are easily controlled on dwarf trees. You can plant your garden full of dwarf trees and still
Wolf armouee grow strawberries and most vegetables. [he dense shade of standard trees prevents the use of the

ground for other purposes. tl
Standard trees require ten years to come into full bearing; with dwarfs some varieties will bear the

d Biter eereane first year, all will produce a considerable crop the second year, and ;
Greening listed in Booklet bear fully the fourth. i ; bee

et REARS You can have forty trees, with a variety, in a PY tn
ee space 20 feet square, save several years, get better
ie eae fruit, and each tree should bear a bushel a year

Bartlett Anjou ; ;

PRICES We offer the best stock ever produced in this country. Our

apples are grafted on Paradise stock, and the pears on quince

4 Trees, caret ally packed, $ 3.00 stock. They will succeed in many places where standard trees

Casi a 5.50 would fail. In a word, they are the kind of dwarf trees that will
12 m 5 i 8.00 but their strength into fruit instead of wood.

a fe To secure full season’s growth, order at once for

Larger quantities subject Autumn planting. Our Illustrated Booklet including de-

to special arrangement scriptions of Varieties and Cultural Directions sent on

rice includes packing. ny © t.
aie ot ne THE CONEAL CO.

varieties of pears or apples in

list may be selected Sheepshead Bay - - : Long Island, IN. YY

Duchess Gano
King Red Astrachan

Away for the Winter under a top-dressing of

WIZARD MANURE

Rain and snow will carry the good out of it into

the soil and you can scarcely imagine what a
difference it will make in the Spring.
} Pure Manure is better than anything else for
|| lawns and gardens and ‘‘ Wizard Brand’’ is the
4 highest grade of pure manure in concentrated con-
}| venient and cleanly form.

SHEEP MANURE

Kiln dried and Pulverized. No weeds or bad
odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn,
trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants.
$4 00 LARGE BARREL. Freight prepaid East
e

of Missouri River. . Cash with order.

PLANT EVERGREENS

In September — October. These months
are admirably adapted to the planting of
Evergreens.

SEND FOR FREE CATALOG NOW
and make your selection while stock is complete.
Hill's 1910 Illustrated Catalog and Planting Guide
will help you to decide. Besides truthfully describing

each variety, it also gives many valuable suggestions
on the planting, care and culture of Evergreens.

D. HILL, Evergreen Sp:cialist
Box 106, Dundee, Ills. Founded 1855

asa ZED,

‘|| Sheep and Cattle Manure, Pulverized or Shredded,
|_| in bags for shipment in quantities. Ask your dealer
|} for ‘‘ Wizard Brand ”’ or write us direct.

THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
No. 19 Un‘on Stock Yards Chicago

rsa

Tf
|

OcTOBER, 1910

VICK’S
Narcissus, Tulip :
Crocus, Hyacinth f

BULBS |

The Readers’ Service gives
154 information about insurance

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Grown by a particular grower in Holland
for a particular trade in America. |

The Poet’s Narcissus, 25 cents dozen; |
75 cents hundred.

May-flowering Tulip in mixture, 30 cents
dozen; $1.50 hundred.
Crocus, separate colors, 15 cents a dozen;
60 cents hundred.
Hyacinths, Single, mixed colors, 75 cents
dozen; $4.00 per hundred.

At hundred price we do not prepay
postage.

Vick’s Bulb Catalogue, superbly illus-
trated, tells the whole story. Sent
free to anyone who asks for it. R |

JAMES VICK’S SONS (
362 Main St. Rochester, N. Y. Wi

a i —r—“‘—™OCOCOCC

This Norway Maple and the two Pim Oaks were moved here from our Nursery at Westbury, L. I.

About the Big Trees

Like These
That We Have Been Growing For You

Anyone can grow the smaller trees, but it took lots of
enthusiasm, a good deal of capital and an unusual knowl-
edge to produce these big trees, besides taking the risk of
educating people to see their great advantage over smaller
trees, and buy them.

There had been so many failures in transplanting big
trees that most of you simply shook your heads and looked
wise whenever it was mentioned. But now you know bet-
ter, because we have proven that trees even as large as 35
to 40 feet high, can be moved by our methods with perfect
safety, and planted in their new home, where they go on
growing as if they thoroughly enjoyed the change.

When you stop to think of it, what a senseless thing it is
to buy several small trees and plant them here and there
on your grounds, and then have to be deprived of shade
and their beauty for fifteen or twenty years until they
grow up. Why dosucha thing when you can buy a beauti-
ful Maple or Linden, 20 to 30 feet high, with a 10 to 18
feet spread, costing no more than a number of the pitiably
small specimens ?

These big trees of ours give you immediate effects. At
once you have the shade you need, or the protection from
the street, or can immediately screen off some objection-
able feature on neighboring grounds.

You spend your money for awnings, because you want
immediate protection, then why not buy our large trees,
which certainly are quite as essential to your comfort, and
which promptly add to the marketable value of your
property ?

We have hundreds of Lindens and Maples, beautiful
specimens they are, which we will dig for you in October,
and guarantee them to ship safely and thrive when trans-
planted on your grounds. Then there are splendid Catal-
pas, Ash Trees, shapely Elms and unusually fine Pin Oaks.
Every one of these trees is from 15 to 30 feet high and has
a spread of ro to 18 feet. These are the kind of trees to
plant right now. Don’t wait till spring to do it, autumn
is decidedly the most favorable time. Come to our nursery
and we will tell you exactly why.

If you can’t come and select just the trees and shrubs
you want, then write us and we willsend you a particularly
interesting catalog that covers the subject most com-
prehensively —one that is untrammelled by the usual
technical presenting. It is interesting, and the illustrations
illustrate just what you want to know. The price list
is a short road to ordering trees by mail. Come if you
can —if you can’t come, send for the catalog and unusual
price list.

Isaac Hicks and Son
Westbury, Long Island

FALL PLANTING SEASON IS HERE

More Than 600 Acres of Choicest Nursery Produce
We can furnish Ornamental, Deciduous, Shade and Weeping
Trees, Flowering Shrubs, Barberry, Privet, Evergreens, Con-
ifers, Hardy Trailing Vines, Climbers and everything for the
Home Garden, including Fruit Trees, Berry Bushes, etc.
The Finest Collection of Maple Trees in America
We make a specialty of Moving Large Trees, with a ball
of earth. We have been doing this work for a number of years
and have been most successful, and will gladly show the work
to any one.
We will make a planting plan of your place, selecting trees,
shrubs, etc., suitable to soil and situation, and give you the
exact cost of planting the same.

Write for Catalogue A and Instruction Book
The Stephen Hoyt’s Sons Company
Established 1848-Incorporated 1903

Telephone, 79-2 New Canaan, Conn,

LOOK OUT
FOR SPARKS.

No more danger or damage from flying |
sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire- |
Place screens. Send for free booklet
«« Sparks from the Fire-side.”? Ittells about |
the best kind of a spark guard for your in- |
dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free
booklet and make your plans early.

The Syracuse Wire Works
103 University Avenue, = Syracuse, N. Ys

BETTER SPRAY YOUR TREES!

San Jose Scale and other pestsare hatching trouble in your orchard

tightnow. Stop it by spraying with a strong solution o:
? CAUSTIC A
GOOD’S Porsr WHALE OIL SOAP No. 3

Protects the trees and enriches the soil. Contains no salt, sul-
phur, mineral oils or anything injurious. Used and endorsed by U. |
S. Department of Agriculture and State Experiment Stations. |

50 lbs. $2.50; 100 lbs. $4,50; larger quantities proportionately less,
Send for free ‘‘Manual of Plant Diseases.”
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 951 N. Front St., Philadelphia |

JOHNSON’S KLEEN FLOOR FREE

Send postal for sample to prove that it takes out floor stains without injuring —
the finish and that you can restore original beauty to any hardwood floor,
Stairs, etc. Send postal now for Booklet Edition G. M. zo

S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Racine, Wis.

REECO WATER SYSTEM.

Write to our nearest office for Catalogue U. }
RiIpDER-ERICSSON ENGINE Co, 3, 2nShin’st. Boston:
40 Dearborn St., Chicago; 40 No. 7th St., Philadelphia; 234 West Craig
St., Montreal, P. Q.; 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W.

Its Economy an Power

Startle the World!

The Engine Runs on COAL OIL. at a Fraction of Co:

of Gasoline

Thousands of these marvelous engines—in actual use to-day
—prove beyond question that kerosene is the engine fuel of the
future. The success of the “Detroit”? Engine fi nt
is absolutely unparalleled.

Demand is overwhelming.

Kerosene (common coal oil) runs it with
wonderful economy. Kerosene generally
costs 6 to 15¢ less per gallon than gasoline—
and gasoline is still going up. Runs
on any engine fuel. Only three moving
Parts. Lightand portable. Does work
of engines weighing four times as much.
Runs everything.

The Amazing

“DETROIT”

The Kerosene Wonder—on 15 Days’ Trial—
Direct From Factory

Any engine you want, from 2 to 20 H. P., sent on 1s days’ free trial—
tested immediately before shipping and marae? to ye If dis-
satisfied—every dollar you have paid us for the engine cheerfully
refunded. Prices lowest ever known for high-grade, guaranteed engines.

The New Book is Ready—WRITE! Tells all about these new
wonders that mark a new erain engines. Special introductory price on first
“Detroit” engine sold in each community. Quick action gets it. Address

Detroit Engine Works, 229 Bellevue Ave., Detroit, Mich.

ma
—. Fs |

aa

Say: ‘‘White Lead My House”’
not simply “Paint My House’”’

HITE lead and linseed oil
always mean paint—but
all paint (unfortunately) is not
white lead and oil.
To say “‘ paint my house’’
is like ordering berries when
you want strawberries. You may get
gooseberries.

“White Lead my house’? means
** paint it with pure white lead and lin-
seed oil.’’ These two materials make
true paint, natural paint.

Pure white lead is-the only known
white pigment, which, when mixed with
linseed oil, will produce durable, non-
cracking, non-chipping paint.

Have your house ‘“‘white-leaded ”’
(which means not only painted, but
painted right). Specify ‘‘ Dutch Boy
Painter ’” pure white lead and the purity
of the white lead will be a certainty.
Any tint can be secured. Ask the painter
—he knows. ;

Get our “Dutch Boy Paint Adviser No. 95”—
Free. Substantial helps on painting, deco-
ration and lawn arrangement.

National Lead Company

An office in each of the following cities:
New York Boston Buffalo Cincinnati Cleveland
Chicago St. Louis
(John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., ee)
(National Lead & Oil Company, Pittsburgh

KEwaAnE

How The Kewanee
Differs from Others

If you want a water supply
system for your country home, or
for any building or institution,
learn what the Kewanee System
means to you.

No matter how little you may
know about water supply equip-
ment, you can have just as good

SYSTEM OF © co ee

ie SM BT ER

What the Kewanee
System Means to the
Inexperienced Man

St b

THE TRADE MARK ON THE TANK
: 2)

In order to protect yourself from the substitution
of inferior equipment for the Kewanee System,
look for the trade-mark KEWANEE on the tank and
the name KEWANEE on the pumping machinery.

A Kewanee System consists of a Kewanee Tank
and a Kewanee Pumping Unit, installed according to
the prints and instructions furnished by the Kewanee
Water Supply Co.

The combination of a tank with a pump to work
on a similar principle is not a Kewanee System.

This information is for your protection.

a plant as if you were an expert and experienced hydraulic engineer.

Kewanee Systems are designed
by men who know how—experienced
practical engineers who have solved
thousands of water supply problems.
Avoid plants designed by inexperi-
enced people who want to experi-
ment on you.

Kewanee Systems are made by
us. They are not the assembled pro-
duct of a half dozen different manu-
facturers. We furnish the complete

| system and we are responsible for
all—every part of it.

There is a Kewanee System for
every kind of building or institution.
We do not try to make one or two
styles fit all places. Every problem
is solved separately—every plant

guaranteed to work successfully
under the conditions for which it is
recommended.

Kewanee tanks—the high stan-
dard for quality in pneumatic tanks.
Kewanee Pumping Machinery—the
only complete line of pumping ma-
chinery built for the exacting require-
ments of air pressureservice. Inferior
tanks and pumping outfits are made
to sell, but they must necessarily
provide inferior service and be more
costly in the long run.

Kewanee Systems are easy to in-
stall and easy to operate. All the
expert part of the work is done at
our end—not yours. Kewanee
Systems are inexperience-proof.

Our 64-page illustrated catalog tells the Kewanee story. Let us show you what

we have done for others and what we can do for you. Ask for catalog No. 16

Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, III.
1564 Hudson-Terminal Building, 50 Church Street, New York City.

1212 Marquette Building, Chicago, Ill.

305 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburg, Pa.

Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers

For Dark, Shady Places

There is no corner so shady but that certain ferns and plants will thrive
there. There is no soilso light and sandy butthat some of our hardy wild
ferns will beautify it. For 25 years we hive been growling these hardy ferns
and flowers and know what is suited to each condition. Wecan supply
fernsfor the dark corner by the porch, orferns and flowers, including our
native orchids,in quantity, to make beutiful country estates. Wet and
swampy spots, rocky hillsides, dry woods, each may be made beautiful by
plants especially adapted to them. Nothing adds greater charm to the
home grounds than clumps of thrifty ferns. We also grow the hardy
Ylowers which require open sunlight — primroses, campanulas, digitalis,

violets, etc.

Write for my descriptive catalogue. Ittells about this class of plants.

EDWARD GILLETT, Box C, Southwick, Mass.

Stencil No. 45

Wouldn’t you like to have YOUR living
room look like this and all your rooms
equally attractive? You can. Send
today for the Sherwin-Williams’ Cottage
Bungalow Portfolio, which tells how.

\ X J E have planned a model small cottage or bungalow which has been
completely decorated by the Sherwin-Williams’ Decorative Depart-
ment. Pictures in color of several exteriors of the house and of each
room, similar to those shown here, are made up into a Portfolio with a
complete description of how these results are obtained and complete speci-
fications for the use of each color, stain or varnish. There are suggestions
for painting the outside of the cottage bungalow, and for planting the
grounds. Suggestions for furniture, hangings and rugs are included.

> i This Portfolio is sent free to house owners to help
Sebo them solve their ““home decoration’’ problems.

i
ak :
\ When you have looked over the decorative sugges-
a | tions shown in our Cottage Bungalow Portfolio you can

Feet enatass | do one of two things:

we “Adapt all of these color schemes to your present
house, getting equally good effects.

2. Send to our Decorative Department blue-prints,
drawings or descriptions of your house or other buildings is]
and we will work up special color suggestions for you.

The Decorative Department of the Sherwin-Williams Co.,

which is as complete and efficient as any in the country, =
offers its services to you entirely free of charge. You do not
have to use the Sherwin-Williams’ products to get the

Address all inquiries to the Sherwin-Williams Co., Decorative Dept., 657 Canal Road, N. W., Cleveland O.

Sherwin-Williams’ Decorative plans and suggestions. Only

bear in mind that you will not get the same durable, permarient, ‘satis
factory results unless you use the Sherwin-Williams’ products t6 pro-
duce them.

The purpose of this Portfolio, however, is to suggest prac-
ticable, workable color schemes and durable, satisfactory mate-
rials for carrying them out. Write for this Portfolio today.

| The Sherwin-Williams’ Stencil Book Free

This book gives full instructions for stenciling, suggests
color schemes, gives illustrations of designs already cut, tells how
to select fabrics which give best results and how to use the
Sherwin-Williams’ Stencil colors.

Every woman can make her home far more attractive and
beautiful in every particular if she knows how to stencil.

Write today for this free book.

THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK

NOVEMBER How Big Chrysanthemums Are Grown 5c.

Vel. XI No.4 Personalities of Apples Plant Sweet Peas Now *150.a Year

The Coco Palm Window Boxes

%
¢
B

Pale MING

aves :
. Re oe :

he 4 4

WORK

— COUNTRY LIFE ggg DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. © THE WORLD'S

___IN AMERICA GARDEN CITY AND NEW YORK

THE COLUMBIA COLLECTION OF QUALITY BULBS

FIVE HUNDRED BULBS FOR $5.00

The following collection of bulbs contains exclusively the most showy and easily cultivated varieties (all selected, first size and well ripened bulbs) part of which can be potted for the
conservatory or window, and the balance may be planted in the garden or border for early spring flowers, azd they will insure the finest possible display :
8 Easter Lilies * 4 Sacred Narcissus * 24 Double Tulips Mixed 24 Chionodoxa (“Glory of the Snow”) 24 Spanish Iris
12 Dutch Double Hyacinths in three colors 12 Double Yellow Daffodils 24 Single Tulips Mixed 50 Snowdrops 12 Ixias *
12 Dutch Single Hyacinths in three colors 12 Single Red Tulips 50 Yellow Crocus 24 Anemones 12 Oxalis Buttercups
12 Paper White Narcissus * 12 Single White Tulips 50 Blue Crocus 24 Sweetscented Jonquils 4 Calla Lilies *
12 Pheasant Eye Narcissus 12 Single Yellow Tulips 50 White Crocus 20 Freesias *
Or we will supply one-half of this splendid collection, 250 bulbs, for $2.75; or one-quarter, 1.25 bulbs, for $1.50.
Our distinctive, instructive and suggestive Fall Bulb Catalogue, containing a most comprehensive collection of Fall Bulbs with full descriptions and cultural directions, and illustrated with nearly

roo photo-engravings from life, mailed free. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman
Dept. G 342 West 14th Street NEW YORK CITY

Those varieties marked with a * for indoors only—if required we will substitute bulbs for outdoor cultivation.

Bobbink & Atkins

WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND GARDENS EVERYWHERE WITH OUR

World’s Choicest Nursery Products

Intending purchasers should visit our nursery and inspect the material we grow. We have
experienced men to advise you and the completeness of our assortment will insure you of
securing the proper material for every location. Having 250 acres of the most fertile ground
under cultivation places us in a position to fill orders of any magnitude.

EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS. We have many acres planted with Beautiful Ever-
greens of all the hardiest and choicest kinds. Our Evergreens are well cultivated and can
be dug with a ball of roots and earth.

For Indo r and td | BOXWOOD. _ Everybody loves the aroma of old-fashioned Boxwood. We have thou-
0 U oor U ure sands of specimens. It is worth while to travel any distance to see our collection, consist-
ing of all shapes and sizes.
3 RHODODENDRONS. Catawbiense, English Hardy Hybrids and Maximum. Our
Beautifully illustrated catalogue free on request collection consists of thousands of choice specimens and ordinary sizes in the most
esirable varieties.
HARDY OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS. We have thousands of rare new and old-
fesbioned kinds. Old-Fashioned Flower Gardens are especially interesting at this time.
: : : 6 pecial prices on quantities.
. | collection. 108 choice bulbs for House Culture. Price $2.75 TULIPS, HYACINTHS AND LILIES. We import large quantities from Holland,
D 216 ae « “ &“ “« “ 5.00 Japan and Europe. Our Special Autumn Bulb Catalog will be mailed upon request.
DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. Many acres of our nursery are planted with
= bd s # s 9.50 several hundred thousand Trees and Shrubs. It is worth while to visit our nursery to
inspect them.
143 Hardy bulbs for Outdoor Culture. 2.75 FRUIT TREES. Dwarf, Ordinary and Trained kinds. We carry a large quantity of
286 “ “ “ « “ 5.00 Fruit Trees in such kinds and varieties that grow in every part of the country.
S POT-GROWN STRAWBERRIES. HARDY, TRAILING AND CLIMBING VINES.
“ 9.00 Ask for special lists.
HEDGE PLANTS. We have a large quantity of California Privet, Berberis and other
D li d fr ® 6 Shrubs for Hedges.
elivered free anywhere in the United States BAY TREES, DECORATIVE PLANTS FOR CONSERVATORIES. Interior and
Exterior Decorations are grown in our 150,000 ft. of greenhouses.
LAWN GRASS SEED. B & A Rutherford Park Mixture remains unequalled.
TUBS. -We manufacture them in all shapes and sizes. Ask for price list.
OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE No. 25 describes the above. It will -

READY FOR SHIPMENT. ORDER EARLY also be found comprehensive and especially interesting, instructive and helpful to intend-
ing purchasers.

THE GENERAL SUPERVISION OF PUBLIC GROUNDS

J. M. THORBURN & CO. AND PRIVATE ESTATES A SPECIALTY

Visitors to our Nurseries are always welcome

Dept. G. 33 Barclay SE: New York We are only a few minutes from New York City
Nurserymen, Florists and Planters, Rutherford, N. J.

Particulars of above assortments in our catalogue

NoveMBER, 1910 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Schumann-} eink Martin ro “ia aos aah )
one McCormack. Tetrazzini ees Aska Scotti a

FOLEY
AUS UNI

The world’s greatest singers
make records only for the Victor

The world’s greatest singers! The greatest tenors; the greatest sopranos; the greatest contraltos;
the greatest baritones; the greatest bassos. Not among the greatest, but the greatest of all nationalities.

Caruso, the greatest of all tenors de Gogorza, the greatest Spanish baritone Eames ‘ the greatest American sopranos

Renaud, the greatest French Baritone Farrar
Schumann-Heink, the greatest of all Calve, the greatest French soprano
contraltos Gadski, the greatest German soprano

Dalmores, the greatest French tenor Homer, the greatest American contralto Sembrich, the greatest Polish soprano
Scotti Gerville-Reache, the greatest French Michailowa, the greatest Russian soprano

contralto I c
Bereenare5\ a, greatest Italian baritones Witherspoon, the greatest American bass
Battistini Melba, the greatest of all sopranos Journet the greatest French bassos
Ruffo J Tetrazzini, the greatest Italian soprano Plancon

These famous artists—universally acknowledged the greatest, and com-
manding the highest salaries—make records only for the Victor because
only the Victor brings out their voices as clear and true as life itself.

And be sure to hear the

Victor: Victrola 2

New Victor Records are on sale at all dealers on the 28th of each month

McCormack, the greatest Irish tenor
Martin, the greatest American tenor

160 Aenean. Thiet) Cun ib WN WlAG AZ UND, Novemper, 1910

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Information about the

selection or care of
dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT,
THE GaRDEN MAGazINE, 133 East 16th Street, New York.

Make Your Hens Lay

Send for and read our book on feeding raw bone. __ Rich in protein

And you are sure you have the very best.
Make your Rose Garden—individual—like yourself.

Perfect Roses can grow only on Perfect Bushes. The
Sibson Rose Nurseries grow Perfect Roses. So, when
you buy your Rose Bushes here you can bank on the
factthat you are getting Roses that are absolutely
true to their name—bushesthat are strong and pene

and all other egg elements. Get twice the eggs, more fertile eggs, and have an abundance of fibrous roots. Portlan
vigorous chicks, earlier broilers, heavier fowls, bigger profits. Roses are famous throughout the world and the Sib=
- son Rose Nurseries have contributed to making them
M ANN LATEST MODEL so. Portland’s official rose is the “‘Mme. Caroline
BONE CUTTER Testout.’’ We grow and sell these bushes by the thou-

sands. We want our complete catalog in your hands
if you are interested in the finer qualities of roses.
The catalog is free. Send your name and address to

THE SIBSON ROSE NURSERIES
Department A, Portland, Oregon .

10 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL No money in advance
Makes bone-cutting simple; easy,
rapid. Try it and see. Open hop-
per, automatic feed. Cuts all bone
with adhering meat and gristle.
Never clogs. Don’t buy until
you try. Book free.

F. W. MANN CO.
Box 325, Milford, Mass.

Among people who can afford luxuries

c there is great demand for a regular supply

of fresh eggs. The few growers who can furnish them regu-
larly, winter and summer alike, get very high prices.

The Corning Egg-Book

(entitled ‘‘ $6.4: per Hen per Year’’), tells how two men, in
poor health, starting four years ago with only thirty hens, made
from their little egg-farm aclear profit of over $12,000 last
year. It tells all about their experience, their failures, their
methods and how others, men or women, with good sense, care
and faithful work can make money im the same way. Not adetail
left out. Eleventh edition now ready, revised and up-to-date.
The Corning Egg-Bookk issold in combination with the
Farm Journal, Philadelphia, Pa., and we have made
arrangements to make this
SPECIAL OFFER:—For $1.00 (cash, money order or
check) we will send postpaid the Corning Egg-Book and
the Farm Journal for two years, and American Poultry
Advocate two years, all for $1.00 if order is sent at once to

AMERICAN POULTRY ADVOCATE
78 Hodgkins Block Syracuse, N. Y.

A Mess at all seasons

of fresh Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar

40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your
* dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
5 manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of
Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN
the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raisings
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
be sent to the same party, Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn.

ATLAS ceweNT
MAKES THE BEST CONCRETE

If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas, write to

There’s Money in P oultry

Our Ilome Study Course in Practical Poultry
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to
make poultry pay.

Personal instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass.

Prof. Graham

Inqui
THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT co., ‘uy
Fa eS 30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK
sie SV ae A Largest productive capacity cf any cement company in the world.
LWW FENCE LAWN GATES Jersey Reds are Lively Growers Over 50,000 barrels per day.
Se ‘ : 2
Fences and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. Jersey Reds are the most
uF Peuley extra va Bua satisfactory, all-round breed. Those who have tried them say so. Fatten :
2@ 4 doubl alvan- Ee) Ze a easily and quickly, are small-boned, long-hodied, vigorous and prolific; quality
Tt} heavy. ouble galvi A AZ) | of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed. Write today for our
PATOL ized Rust Proof wires. mn en emt Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box I’, Moorestown, N. J. :
ETapoIch No topor bottom boards WEE Vy LITTLE BROWN BOOK
“ae required. ci Dee sane about them. It contains information
5 — ee? x Pett) a4 LARGE BERKSHIRES you should have and a selected list o
ine pas Or nomen t ah Ae at HIGHWOOD best varieties with prices. ‘
ses ences and “ates ar 4 In EACH of last thr 1
: fe OTe n ee volumes
nasew wine enaineled aloe ‘ad asave of American Berkshire Record PAUL DOVE
i and dural oe Cat ipaiees iH covering 3 years, we sold and (Successor to Henry Saxton Adams)
couas you monzy. Catalog” ey OR as os registered more Berkshires than Welles] Mass.
sy The Brown Fence&WireCo- Ves as ss any other breeder in U. S. The : ellesley be = 0
Dept.95 Cleveland, O- Wika large proportion went to old 2
EAGUT FF customers. THIS SPEAKS
; FOR ITSELF.
Special offering, pairs and

trios 8 weeks old.

I. C. & Il. &. Warpending
. Dundee, N, XY.

Cattle Manure

Shredded or

in Bags rurverized

Best for all indoor and outdoor work. Na
bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 lbs.). Write
for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.

19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

SANITARY POULTRY HOUSES, Rouosting and Nesting Outfits, Per-
fection Feed Hoppers, Trap Nests, Feeds, and supplies of all kinds. Potter Fixtures have been on the
market nearly 10 years. They are mace in 3 styles and 12 sizes, and are complete, convenient and sanitary.
Our Portable (K. D. made in sections) Hen-houses, Brood Coops, Pigeon Lofts, are made in 20 styles and
sizes, from a coop 2 ft. square to a complete house 8 x 80 feet, or longer, at lowest prices. House shown is
8x 10 feet, complete with 8 ft. Potter Outfit for 30 hens, for $40. A fine house at a low price. If you need
a house or coop of any kind do not fail to find out about the Potter line before buying or building.

§ or sell your laying hens, use the POTTER SYSTEM and pick out the layers
D ILL from the loafers and diseased hens. Keep only healthy laying hens. The |
POTTER SYSTEM is a secret and the greatest discovery of the century
in the poultry world on the subject of Egg Producing Hens. Used by over 30,000 satisfied poultry keepers
who are saving dollars every year. Our New roo pp. Potter System book, ‘‘Don't Kill the Laying Hen,”
contains the secret and knowledge about laying and non-laying hens. It's a revelation to poultry keepers
and you will learn how you can use the Potter Systein on your flock; keep less hens, get more eggs and make
more money using it. Write today sending 2 RED STAMPS to cover postage on our large catalog and
circulars telling all about Potter Poultry Products made for Particular Poultry People. If you are particular and want to make more money on your flock
you will write us today. T. F. POTTER & CO., Box 22, Downers Grove, Illinois, U. S. A.

Xa TA
( (Grirerxexo |

FINE MAHOGANY FURNITURE

9 that new hen-house or fix up the old one but get our large 100 pp. catalog
DON T BUILD and circulars (over 120 illustrations) showing POTTER PORTABLE A $ 4 O oO U S E

Amateur, Fancier, Professional Breeder or General
Farmer—the Book you need is

“THE POULTRY BOOK”

672 illustrations. One handsome large volume.
$7.50 postpaid.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
133 EAST 16th STREET NEW YORK

DO wWaxr TO BE A BETTER SHOT?

Write us and we will give you some good pointers. We will
also send information about Guns and Lifles.

J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co., Dept. 285, Chicopee Falls, Mass,

THE CALL To the man looking for a home |

where productive lands, favor- |

OF THE able climate and abundant rain-
SOUTHEAST fall make the best paying farm |

= locations in America, the South- |
The Fireless Cook B ook east is now the unequaled section. Land from $5.00 to |

$40.00 an acre near to the heart of the country and close

By MARGARET AB MITCHELL to the best markets. The largest returns from alfalfa and |

1 - = . ew other hay, wheat, corn and all truck crops. Lands unsur- |
This book explains in a simple way how to make and use this in- passed for stock and poultry raising, and dairying. For

vention, which has only recently become known, but has already proved | ¢_:. growing no region is more profitable. The South-
AES Gin NOPE, economical EVENS east has opportunities for every kind of farming. The |

Including, as it does, 250 recipes, the volume must soon become a | Coythern Railway will help you to find the desired
necessity to all up-to-date housekeepers. Ninetcen pen-and-ink drawings.

location. Send for publications to

Net $1.25 (postage, 12c.) M. V. RICHARDS

5 Landfand Industrial Agent, Southern Railway
Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, New York | 13221, peNNSYLVANIA AVE., WASHINGTON, D. C.

70e

NovEMBER, 1910

|- THE:

|

This firm has moved to light and air, to
_ big floor spaces, to gardens and plenty of land
and we hope and believe to do more efficient
and more original work than ever before.

During the last six months we have prob-
ably bored our readers more than we should
about our plans and country aspirations; we
still have a life’s work on our hands to de-
velop to its full the task we have undertaken,
but we realize that merely to talk about it
is not enough. We must show something,
and we cordially invite our friends to visit
us, and see what manner of building and
grounds we have planned and the beginning
_ of our hopes’ fulfilment.
If any of our friends and customers wish
to find our representatives in New York,
they may go to the old building, 133 East
Sixteenth St., where some of us in the adver-
tising or selling departments will be on hand
_ to serve them; or, our books and magazines
_ may be seen at our new book store in the
Concourse of the Pennsylvania Station, 33rd
Street and 7th Avenue, as well as at 133
_ East Sixteenth St.
_ Meantime we have our own trunk tele-
phone lines between Garden City and New
York, and you may call us on the Garden City
line. At this writing the trains run from the
Pennsylvania Station at 7:58, 9:00, 9:32, 11:00
| 12:30, 1:00, 2:00, 3 :00, 3 :39,4:13,4 239, 5:00, etC.,
but in view of the Railway Company’s liability
to change their schedules without notice, a little
study of the time table is advisable. If
- you are down town in New York take the
_ Subway at Wall St., or Bowling Green ten
to fifteen minutes earlier than the above
times and change to the electric train at
' Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn. The trip from
_ the Pennsylvania Station New York takes from
«35 to 45 minutes, a little less from Brooklyn,
and the electric service runs near the Press.

COUNTRY LIFE TWICE A MONTH AND
20 CENTS A NUMBER

There are certainly 150,000 readers of The

_ Garden Magazine who are interested in the

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to ’t with delight.” —A tony and Cleopatra

joys of country living. To all such may we
suggest that they get and read the November
issue of Country Life which is just out. The
magazine is not returnable, and you may have
to order it from your newsdealer, although all
the larger dealers carry it in stock. The
price is reduced to 20 cents an issue, except
for the double Christmas number, and the
quality is improved, if we have not mis-
judged. For $4.00 a year we shall hereafter
give the reader twenty-four issues instead of
twelve. :

The Mid-Month (November 15) issue of
Country Life is devoted to all that pertains
to “Inside the Country House.” The Con-
sulting Editor is Mr. Louis C. Tiffany who
voices the keynote of the number when he
says: ‘Beauty in the home has little to do
with the amount of money spent.”

OTHER SPECIAL NUMBERS ARE ARRANGED
FOR AS FOLLOWS

Winter Joys Number.

The Motor Number.

The Bungalow Number.

The Back-to-the-Land Number.
The Little Gardens Number.
The Little House Number.
The Rose Lovers’ Number.
The Flight Number.

The Good Health Number.

With the enlarged space the publishers
intend that Country Life in America shall
cover all the subjects that all the people
interested in the subject want to know about.

THE NEW SUBSCRIPTION CATALOGUE

Doubleday, Page & Company have the
honor and pleasure of serving through the
mails about a quarter of a million direct
customers, and for this large company of
friends we have nearly ready a complete
catalogue of magazine subscriptions, having
decided to supply subscriptions to any maga-

a

TALK: OF THE - OFFICE: |

Moubleday, Page & Company’s New Address:
Gandem City, I. I N.Y.

zine published and not merely our own pub-
lications. In this catalogue are numbered
about tooo of the most popular periodicals
published in this country, Europe, and Canada,
their prices and lowest combination rate.
We shall be very glad to send you a copy,
and may say in passing that all subscriptions
received for the magazines published by us
are sent out within 48 hours of receipt, or
forwarded to the other publishers of the
magazines ordered. Also the prices are as
low, and in all respects as favorable as those
given by any subscription agency.
i THIS YEAR’S BOOKS

The year 1910 has brought to us the best
list of new books in many and varied fields
that we have ever had. It includes the
names of Rudyard Kipling, President Taft,
Mrs. Humpbry Ward, James J. Hill, John
LaFarge, Stewart Edward White, Luther M.
Gulick, Mrs. Grace S. Richmond, Mr. and
Mrs. Williamson, Ernest Thompson Seton,
Gifford Pinchot, David Grayson, O. Henry,
the author of “Elizabeth and her German
Garden,” Mary Stewart Cutting, E. F. Ben-
son, Conan Doyle, Meredith Nicholson,
Josephine Daskam Bacon, Irving Bacheller,
Grace MacGowan Cooke, Eleanor H. Brainerd
Ellis Parker Butler, H. Rider Haggard, besides
many others whose books have succeeded, are
succeeding, or will succeed. On other pages
the reader may find descriptions, and a full
catalogue will be sent with our compliments
on receipt of a postal request.

TO COLLECTORS

We are publishing a limited edition of one
hundred and twenty-five signed copies of
Mr. Kipling’s “Collected Verse” with pic-
tures by Heath Robinson. At this writing
almost al! of the copies have been spoken for.
If the reader wants a copy he had better
apply through his dealer or direct to us at
once. Price until date of publication (about
the end of October) $20.00 net.

162 Fhe Ret Ein RE EL GAR UDInyN@ ViaAMG eAe7 GN an) NovemseEr, 1910

Bulbs for Fall Planting
“BUDS”

Specimen Sugar Maples
for October Planting

Special Collections of all Imported Bulbs,
delivered anywhere in the U. S. free of
charge.

$1.00 COLLECTION

4 Hyacinths all different colors.
6 Roman Hyacinths, Early, Pure White.
4 Polyanthus Narcissus, assorted.
4 Grand flowering Paper White Narcissus.
6 Freesia refracta alba.
6 Oxalis.
1 Large White Calla Lily.

$2.00 COLLECTION

10 Hyacinths all different colors.
12 Roman Hyacinths Early, Pure White.
10 Polyanthus Narcissus, Assorted.
Ee 6 Grand Flowering Paper White Narcissus.
12 Freesia refracta alba.
12 Oxalis.
2 Large White Calla Lilies.
12 Crocus different colors.

$3.00 COLLECTION

6 Double Hyacinths in 6 separate colors.
6 Single Hyacinths in 6 separate colors.
6 Grand Flowering Paper White Narcissus.
6 Trumpet Major Narcissus.
6 Double Yellow Daffodils.
6 Single Red Tulips.
6 Single White Tulips.
6 Single Yellow Tulips.
12 Double Mixed Tulips.
12 Single Mixed Tulips.

For Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock. It takes ower ttwenty
years to grow many of the Trees and Shrubs we offer.

An Ideal Tree for avenue or lawn planting is the Sugar Mapk,
one of the finest deciduous trees, and the noblest of all the
maples. Of rapid growth, straight symmetrical form, it is well
adapted for planting near buildings, as it does not obstruct light
or air, and being deep rooted, the grass will grow up to its very
trunk. A beautiful tree at all seasons, and none has more gor-
geous autumn coloring, in shades of yellow, orange and scarlet.

An Ideal Block of Sugar Maples we offer for immediate shipment.
Trees prepared for quick results. Clean, straight stock, recently
transplanted and now ready to give what yourequire. Specimen
trees standing 8 ft. apart in the Nursery rows. Height 14 to 16
ft., Caliper of trunk 3 to 4 inch. Price $7.50 to $15.00 each.

25 Yellow Crocus.
25 Blue Crocus.
25 White Crocus.
f 25 Sweet Scented Jonquils.
10 Freesias.
12 Spanish Iris.
3 Chinese Sacred Lilies.
3 Calla Lilies.
3 Roman Hyacinths.
$8 Lilium Candidum.

$5.00 COLLECTION

12 Double Hyacinths in 6 separate colors.
12 Single Hyacinths in 6 separate colors.

12 Grand Flowering Paper White Narcissus.

12 Trumpet Major Narcissus.
12 Double Yellow Daffodils.
12 Single Red Tulips.
12 Single White Tulips.
12 Single Yellow Tulips.
24 Double Tulips Mixed.
24 Single Tulips Mixed.

Also our usual large assortment of all lines of Deciduous and
Evergreen Trees and Shrubs, all carefully prepared and bound
to give good results.

Send for our Fall Price List of “Andorra Grown Trees”

50 Yellow Crocus.
50 Blue Crocus.
50 White Crocus.
50 Sweet Scented Jonquils.
20 Freesias.
24 Spanish Iris.
6 Chinese Sacred Lilies.
6 Calla Lilies.
6 Roman Hyacinths.
3 Lilium Candidum
(Madonna Liiy)

“BUDS”

ILLETT’S 76 BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK CITY

Cc. R. GLOECKNER, Pres.
Hardy Ferns and Flowers
For Dark, Shady Places ~>

ee
An illustrated book, which tells
Send for my descriptive catalogue R what potash is and how it should
of over 50 pages, which tells about f ] li

this class of plants. It’s free. be used, sent free to all applicants.

Epwakn GILLETT,B0X B SOUTHWICK, MASS, German Kali Works, Continental Building, Baltimore, Md.

Horsford’s Hardy Bulbs

FOR AUTUMN PLANTING
Lilies fresh from the beds, Trilliums, Dogtooth Violets
or Addertongues, ‘lulips, Crocuses, Hyacinths, Daffodils,
Shrubs, Trees, Vines. Ask for Autumn Supplement if
interested in hardy things that can stand a Vermont

winter.
F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont.

ANDORRA NURSERIES Wm.Warner Harper, Prop.
Box C, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

The only safe, clean,
sanitary way to dispose
of garbage.

No Freezing
No Odors
Opens with the foot.

Underground
' Garbage Receiver

Deep galvanized iron bucket with bail holds every-
thing. Dogs and cats cannot get at it. Flies cannot
reach it and distribute typhoid. Have another
receiver for lawn clippings and rubbish.

SOLD DIRECT. Write for literature, prices, etc.

C. H. Stephenson, 40 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass.

Amateur, Fancier, Professional
Breeder or General Farmer—the
Book you need is

“THE POULTRY BOOK”
WHEELOCK FENCE will last your lifetime! || 375 sustrations. One handsome

It’s strong — 5/32" wire — unclimbable— and heavily galvanized after 50 postpaid.
weaving—no chance for rust — guaranteed RUST PROOF for all time. large volume. $7.50 pos ee

The best and heaviest wire fence for any and all purposes.
We also make Wheelock Trellis, Flower Bed Guard and Tree Guard. Send for booklet

WHEELOCK “RUST PROOF” FENCE CO. ,gister Building

Courrzr THe Wor's Wo! ‘Tor Gane
TAMERICA ® 7 ® MAGAZINE,

DOouBLEDAY. PAGE &Co. NEw YORK,

For i ti bout 1 t .
NovemBer, 1910 SaEGuAMRIDIEIONIY NIA GA Zw IN En > cic wth kere? Semen 163

NOVEMBER, 1910

CovER DESIGN — Chrysanthemum erty oe es OCR ees ee es ee ve A RR Coleman
PAGE PAGE
PREPARE FOR First FRosts . eee ee > TOS Maxkinc More GerRANiumMS ...... . . C.L. Meller 183
Photographs by the auth
How Bic CurysANTHEMUMS ARE Grown. . . I. L. Powell 166 Pencangin les. cake tae ;
Photographs by H. E. Angell, N. R. Graves and others INCREASING PLANTS BY Root Curtincs Sydney B. Mitchell 183
EERSONATINIES OF Fruits, I... . . ... ... John Craig 168 PRUNING, PLANTING AND GETTING READY FOR WINTER
Photographs by N. Y. Experiment Station and Others W. H. Jenkins 184
PRACTICAL AND ImpracticaL IpEas FROM ENGLAND PROTECTING TREES FROM Rappits . . . Frank C. Pellett 184
Wilhelm Miller I71I Photograph by the author
Be eT ae grac icreuce end eM. /Goed Money From Ruusarp . .. . . . Julie Adams Powell 186
PLANNING THE GARDEN PictuRE. . .. . . W.S. Rogers 174 Photograph by the author
BRINGING THE WinDow Box Inpoors . . . Luke J. Doogue 175 NOVEMBER ON THE Pacific Coast . . Sydney B. Mitchell 188
PERM Wy Cees : Prant SomE TREES Now ... . . . Thomas J. Steed 190
WHAT THE CocoA Patm MEANS To THE Tropics John Gifford 176 Photograph by the author
Plucikeusiains ly J). 2s DNingels esl ois CIDERBASHER ISM VUADE Ss) ga) so) et) ie el. Valentine, 192
Tae Latest Discovery —Prant Sweet Pras Now ATTRACTIVE FLOWERS, FRuIT AND FOLIAGE Daniel A. Clarke 194
Leonard Barron 178
Photograph by Nathan R. Graves GARDEN GOSSIP UR ye pieR on Umea Teme el cer boy sey eee LOA
[SOADEEG@eE OPERTENCH CLUB) Fo .0 k en kee ew. IQ SHRUBS FOR SHADY SITUATIONS ... . . A. B. Cutting 196
CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE . . . Ellen Eddy Shaw 180 An UnusuaL HyDRANGEA .... . Daniel A. Clarke 198
Photographs by F. F. Rockwell and others Photograph by Nathan R. Graves
KEEPING CELERY OVER WINTER .. . .. W.C. McCollom 182 How 1o SHIP FLOWERS IN QUANTITY . . . . Carl Purdy 200
Photographs by the author and A. G. El
2 ek SME Sees ps Ge ae How I InstatteD THE Drains . . . . . Harry E. Scott 202
A “Don’t”? FOR GARDENERS ...... . . H.S. A. 182 Photograph and drawing by the author
Se ETON: WILHELM MILLER, Epiror—Copyricut, 1910, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY For Foreign Postage
Rae Canis a nie Entered as second class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 For cong ae flee,
F. N. DouBLepAy, President WaLteErR H. Pace, HEersert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanier, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer

REWARDS AND FAIRIES
By RUDYARD KIPLING

A new series of adventures of Dan and Una with Puck of Pook’s Hill and it has all the witchery of Mr.
Kipling’s first collection. There is the story of ‘‘ Cold Iron”’ and the lad who left the People of the Hills
for the folks that live in housen, ‘‘A Doctor of Medicine,’ who read in the stars the secret of the Great
Plague, and many others. Even Philadelphia and several American heroes appear in these new-old
Saxon fairy tales. ‘The stories shimmer in that wondrous halfway place between reality and dream. A
tremble and it is world of Flesh and Blood ; a flutter and you are with Puck and the People of the Hills. And
you slip into it all as if it were the customary thing. Mr. Kipling has omitted nothing of his old
skill. Illustrated. $1.50.

COLLECTED VERSE. By Rudyard Kipling. Illustrated Holiday Edition

Mr. Kipling has here definitely placed the poetical work by which he wishes to be represented. It is a worthy holiday presentation
of this definitive work. Beautifully iilustrated by W. Heath Robinson. Cloth, net, $3.50 (postage 35c); Leather, net, $10.00 (post-
age 50c); Limited Edition of 125 autographed and numbered copies on large paper, net, $20.00 (postage 50c).

Other Books by RUDYARD KIPLING
Pocket Edition of volumes marked ** bound in flexible red leather, each net, $1.50 (postage 8c.)

**Puck of Pook’s Hill. Illustrated in color. $1.50. Collected Verse of Rudyard Kipling. Net, **Under the Deodars. The Phantom ’Rick- **The Naulahka (With Wolcott Balestier). $1.50

hey. ; NidaraesiGoneelll P $1.80 (postage 14c.) shaw and Wee Willie Winkie. $1.50. **Departmental Ditties and Ballads and
i elon peal Holiday, Guanes Husicated Kim. $1.50, The Brushwood Boy. Fixed price, $1.50 ., Eeresck soem Ballads: Nae: b
**Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50 A Song of the English. Net, $7.50 illustrated (postage 8c.) ao a Hoe poseyett je Gads ys
ae BOG (postage, 50c.) E.With the Night Mail. Fixed price, $1.00 ,,,,2nd Ip Black and White. $1.50.
**The Five Nations. Fixed price, $1.40 (post- **The Day’s Work. $1.50. (postage 10c.) ES Moris Fixed price, $1.60 (
age IIc.) ae ene **Stalky & Co. $1.50. Kipling Stories and Poems Every, Child MM ee
**Just So Stories. Fi: ice, $1. t **Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50. ou now. Edited by Mary E. Burt an : : :
“Bey a aie fies **Life’s Eadaicep Bene Site v Mine Own W.T. Chapin. Net $1.20 (postage 12c) the Seven Seas. Fixed Price, $1.40 (postage
The Just So Song Book. Fixed price, $1.20 People. $1.50. **The Light that Failed. $1.50. **A baft the Funnel. $1.50.
(postage 8c.) **The Kipling Birthday Book. **Soldier Stories. $1.50. Actions and Reactions. Illustrated. $1.50.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City, New York

i
t |
j

The Readers’ Service gives
164 information about investments

THE GAR ING Vek Grane

NovemBer, 1910

ORCHIDS OF THE GARDEN
The Beautiful Iris

On account of their marvelous beauty of coloring, their EASY culture—their rapid increase —no garden, large
or small, should be without them. NOW is the time to plant the roots, to enjoy their glorious bloom the coming
spring andsummer. The Iris family keep up a succession of showy bloom through spring into full summertime.
Starting with the lovely SPANISH Iris, followed by the many tinted German and English species, the circle of floral
wonder is rounded out with the stately and unsurpassed Japan Iris, thé sort known as Iris Kaempferi, of which the
FIRST clumps were imported into this country as far back as 1877 by Mr. H. H. Berger then in San Francisco.
These Iris attain under proper care, a height of 2 to 23 feet and the single blossoms will measure in diameter from 8
to 12 inches. When in bloom a border or a bed of them presents an inimitable aspect in showiness of flower and
variety of tints. Cut, when half expanded, the bloom keeps for many days in water and furnishes a most unique
and striking decoration for the house. For OCTOBER and November we offer as. long as stock lasts:
Strong, flowering bulbs and roots, ALL HARDY in coldest climate
50 Spanish Iris in five colors, snow white, yellow, 25 English Iris in four colors, white, blue, striped
light blue, dark blue, bronze : i F $1.00 and red a : $0.75

25 German Iris in finest assortment . : 5 1.75 12STRONG flowering clumps of Iris Kaempferi 2.50
The collection of 112 Iris for $5.00 including DELIVERY to any point in U.S. For Canada add 10% covering transport. Half the collection $3.00,
one-quarter the collection $1.75 delivered.

Our Success Lily Collection offered for several seasons has found so much favor amongst our friends that we feel confident in offering
it at this time when it is safe and proper to plant the bulbs.

The bulbs we offer are ALL HARDY, sound and will flower the first season. Delivery included.

1 Lil. Candidum (Madonna Lily) ‘ 0 5 $0.10 1 Lil. Superbum, magnificent orange with dark spots, grows
1 Lil. Auratum, Golden Japan Queen Lily . ; ; : . 15 3-4 feet tall, bearing 10 and 12 flowers 5 ¢ $0.12
1 Lil. Rubrum, white with rosy spots and bands . 9 2 15 1 Lil. Tenuifolium, the lovely coral red lily 5 12
1 Lil. Album, pure glistening white, very fragrant é 7 -20 1 Lil. Washingtonianum, the GEM of collection, deliciously
1 Lil. Umbellatum, in shades from nankin yellow to golden apricot .15 fragrant, bears many rosy flushed blossoms . 4 25

The collection of eight Lilies for $1.00 including delivery.

Our offer of Winter and Spring flowering bulbs in September Garden Magazine holds good, but we are SOLD OUT for the season of the Byzantine Wonder Lily.
Send for our catalogue. It is free.

Address H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren Street, New York |

DREERS DAFFODIL

Grow Asparagus ;
In Four To Five Weeks
All During the Winter and Spring
Big, white, showy stalks can be grown in four or five weeks.
Most dainty and healthful vegetable at a minimum cost. No
trouble, no care from the time the bed is made until cut.
Reliable, practical method. A bed six by three feet will
» produce asparagus enough for a family of five with some to
sell to your neighbors.

Forcing Asparagus Has Had a Thorough Try-

Out in this Country.
The reliable and successful method had its beginning
in France. A French merchant upon retiring from
— business removed to the outskirts of Paris, where he
devoted his energies to vegetable growing, giving particular attention to ’ Asparagus
culture; It is his successful method of forcing that is related in our book. Every-
one knows the big profits in asparagus. By this method you double the profits.

Table of Contents of Our Book.
New French Method of Asparagus: Forcing.

How to force Asparagus for spring and
winter use.

How to pack for market.

How to grow and force Carrots, Cauli-
flower, Lettuce, Radishes, Turnips,
Cantaloupes, Cucumbers.

How to grow Strawberries.

How to start a Garden.

Seed sowing and transplanting.

How to force Rhubarb without glass.
How to start Tomatoes.

How to grow four vegetables in one
garden spot.

This book will be
sent postpaid with flex-
ible cover for $1.00.
The Library edition,
$1.25. Postoffice money
order, bank check or
registered letter. Ad-
dress

HERMAN PUBLISHING CO.,

Home-grown Asparagus raised by French method of forcing

550 Monadnock Bldg.

CHICAGO

VACANT CORNER

in the garden cannot |

be better utilized than
by putting in Narcissus
or Daffodils. They
possess more points of g
merit than any other
spring flowering bulb.
They do as well indoors
in pots as in the garden.
They thrive in every
spot — moist or dry, sun
or shade.

We carry in stock the highest im-
ported grade of the finest single and
double varieties, including Large
Trumpet, Star, Poet’s and other |
types. All of these are fully described in our

Autumn Catalogue

Sent free by mail to all ADEE

HENRY A DREER Philadelphia

The Garden Magazine

Vor. XII—No. 4

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken as astandard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

‘Prepare for First Frosts

F COURSE frost — real frost — will be
expected any time now, but that’s
no reason for letting all the remaining
crops be sacrificed. You can get a lot of
late satisfaction by the use of a few mats,
old newspapers, sacks, etc., for covering.
Even such decidedly tender things as
dahlias and cosmos may be protected.
If you have never yet had the garden
full of flowers after the early frosts, see
to it that things are different this year.
Fresh flowers in November look even
brighter than roses in June.

Straw mats are the best, but if you
have not got them handy, take old news-
papers and fasten the ends together with
building lath, filling in between with salt
hay or seaweed if possible. Odds and
ends of burlap will always be handy, and
if these coverings are dried before being
put away finally they will last for years.
Old articles of clothing will pay better
dividends as frost protectors in the garden
than if sold to the old clothes man.

Expect frost on a still night when the
air is clear and cool. Lowlying land will
catch frost before adjoining land on neigh-
boring hillsides: because cold air gravitates
downward. Large areas of water tend to
equalize temperatures; study your local
conditions. Last year thousands of dollars
were saved in Western orchards by fires
there in early spring. Smudge fires on the
windward side of the garden may save
your corn and beans.

Look to the Vegetables

[HE most important thing this month

is preparing for winter storage.
If you have followed the gardener’s re-
minder all this year, you will have plenty
of vegetables for winter supplies.

NOVEMBER, 1910

By far the most important crop is cel-
ery, and the way to get good celery is
to keep it in a growing condition even
in winter. The temperature for vege-
tables in storage should never drop be-
low 35 (degrees, although the air itself
around celery may go as low as twenty-
two degrees. A cool well-ventilated cellar
is the best storage place for all vegetables.
The next best plan is to bury them out-
doors in the ground. No need to lift and
store celery, brussels sprouts, kale and
cabbage, which are used in a practically
growing condition; they can be banked
up where they grow.

Gather corn stalks and put them in
water, and eat sweet corn on Election
Day. Surplus and unripened tomatoes
will mature if gathered and placed in a
sunny window. All kinds of root crops
can be stored in a pit; cut the tops off all
except beets, which should have some
leaves left.

A practical storage house can be made
by sinking a bottomless barrel in a shady
place, putting a layer of salt hay on the
bottom and covering the top after filling
with burlap, hay and earth.

Ever try sowing vegetable seeds in
the fall? It’s really worth while. For
instance, before November rst, sow carrots,
celery, parsnip, chard, lettuce, cress. Sow
lettuce in coldframes for winter use.

Coldframes must be ventilated every
day when the weather’s warm: cover them
with mats when it’s quite cold.

Are the Bulbs Planted?

‘THE earlier the bulbs can be put

into the ground the better it is
for them, and for next year’s results. No
advantage at all in waiting for Thanks-
giving Day. Better take a day off as soon
as your purchases arrive. By all means
hurry up with the planting of daffodils
if it’s not already done.

Try planting each bulb on a little
cushion of sand. It will drain the roots
and give you bigger flowers.

Don’t forget to plant some lilies.

Good bulbs for naturalizing can be
bought for a cent each in small quantities.
Why not try two or three hundred in a
little shrubbery corner?

There are some flower seeds to be sown:
poppies, cornflowers, sweet peas. Read the
article on page 178. Did you try fall plant-
ing of sweet peas last year? If not try the
experiment by two or three sowings, and
find the proper date for your own neighbor-
hood. Then tell us your results next June.

Protect the pansies and all fall-sown

§ ONE DOLLAR FiFTy CENTS A YEAR
| FirrEEN CENTS A Copy

perennials that are to be planted out next
spring. Mulch or protect lightly; re-
member the idea is to protect against
changes, not to smother with undue heat.
Many flowers are hardy with light pro-
tection but tender under a heavy mulch.

With the Trees and Shrubs

LL kinds of deciduous stock, that
may be safely planted in the fall,

can be handled all through November.
Outdoors, in the grounds during this
month, is the best time to trim up, clear

« up, and clean up all shrubberies, prune

out dead wood, cut back and thin out
too dense growth, lift and replant for color
effects.

Feed the trees with a mulch, to be turned
under in the spring.

Never omit the mulch for newly planted
trees or shrubs. But don’t disfigure
your lawn by covering it with stable
refuse. It’s much better to use chemical
fertilizers in the spring.

Now is the time to propagate trees and
shrubs by cuttings, if you like that kind
of fun.

Do you want a hedge around the garden?
Plant it now.

Get nature to do her share this winter
by turning up any unoccupied ground
that is to be in use next spring. Turn
it up or plow it up as rough as possible.
Snow, rain and frost wil mellow it and
kill insects.

Clean up the blackberry and raspberry
patches and burn the old canes.

Any “mummy” fruits on plums, peaches,
etc.? Don’t let one escape; gather them
up and burn to prevent further spread
of the disease.

Burn over the asparagus bed, and don’t
let the seeds germinate on the ground.

Rubbish harbors insects and disease,
besides looking untidy. Insure your re-
putation as a good gardener by clearing
everything now.

Clear up around the bases of trees, so
that mice won’t be harbored. Later on
hill up a little.

Prepare for winter spraying for scale.
You can use everything at double strength
while growth is dormant, and besides,
there’s not much else to do.

During the past year THE GARDEN Mac-
AZINE readers have shown great interest
in planting for color effects. Keep study-
ing the winter beauties, especially of the
shrubs. Did you ever notice the variety
of colors. that they yield? Study color
effects this winter and resolve to plant
next season for winter beauty.

How Big Chrysanthemums Are Grown —By I. L. Powell, %

New

YOU MUST BEGIN NOW TO THINK ABOUT THE BLOOMS YOU WANT A YEAR HENCE— WHAT
IS EASIEST FOR THE AMATEUR TO ATTEMPT, AND HOW THE ‘“‘SHOW’’ BLOOM IS PRODUCED

Ae expert chrysanthemum grower’s
rule is that when one year’s crop
comes into bloom it is time to think of
the next. The point is that then — say
October — he can begin to see the result
of his past year’s work and, consequently,
set about intelligently making plans for
the ensuing year. Each season, in short,
his chrysanthemum crop is the task of a
twelvemonth.

If the amateur really wants to sound
the possibilities of the chrysanthemum,
he, too, must figure on thinking a year
ahead. For one thing, October and’
November are the time to settle the ques-
tion as to what varieties shall be grown

If single specimen blooms of first-class size and
shape are to be shown in pots, select the low-
growing kinds

another year. Some may have proved
not worth while, either in themselves or
for a specific purpose, and then again the
round of exhibitions and private displays
always discloses some desirable acquisition.
It is the note-book, therefore, that begins
the year.

The first actual step toward the ensuing
season, is the selection and setting aside
of the healthiest plants that have pro-
duced the best bloom; these to be used
as “‘stock plants” for propagation. As
soon as the blooms are cut, store these
stock plants in some cool, light, and well-
ventilated spot that is convenient for
watering. A sheltered and well-protected
coldframe is an excellent place if cuttings
are not to be taken before February tst.
When they are required so early as the
first of January, place them in a green-

sary to produce large specimens.

house where a temperature of 45 to 60
degrees can be maintained.

Bush plants and standards require the
first thought, an early start being neces-
Get the
first lot under way before the end of the
year, the second about January 2oth, and
third in the neighborhood of February
15th. First-class bush plants, much less
standards, cannot be grown if started
after March ist. Three sets of cuttings
virtually eliminate all risk of total loss
by such accidents as the making of flower
buds in March, which may happen in
the case of early propagated plants in-
tended for large specimens. As a rule,
only a few of these plants are wanted,
and the small amount of space required
for the extra cuttings will not be missed.
The plants not needed for training may
be grown on for simpler decorative effects,
or for cut flowers —or discarded alto-
gether. In selecting varieties for bush
plants, pick out those having a vigorous
but rather dwarf habit of growth, moder-
ately heavy foliage, a strong stem, and a
full flower of fine color. Comparatively
few of the many varieties in cultivation

-will make good bush plants or standards.

When the cuttings have roots from a
half-inch to an inch long, pot in two or
three inch pots, using three-fifths loam
and one-fifth each of sand and leaf mold,
with a little sphagnum, and a few pieces
of charcoal in the bottom for drain-
age. Water thoroughly, and thereafter
with proper judgment. Repot frequently
enough to prevent the plants from be-
coming pot-bound, taking special pains
as to drainage. Ejight-inch pots are large

enough for the last shifting before the
plant goes into the one in which it is to
This may be ten, twelve, or four-

flower.

Pompons make admirable pot plants and should
be grown more. They require no disbudding

166

teen inch. The last is not too large for
healthy plants. At the last potting add
some fertilizer.
Meanwhile, the training of the young
plant in the way that it should grow
must begin when it is only two or three
inches high. “Stop” it then, by pinching
off the end of the growing stem, so that
it will send out branches from below.
When these branches have made from
three to five inches, they, in turn, must be
“stopped.”” This process, with the tying
that soon goes hand in hand with it, lasts
until the end of June or the first week

This bush is not highly trained, but is sufficiently
symmetrical for the window and the easiest form

-for the amateur to grow

in July, in the case, say, of a bush trained.
in the popular hemispherical form. More
“stopping,” of course, makes more flowers,
but they will not be so large and the
foliage will be smaller. Many shoots
will produce flowers four or five inches.
in diameter, even though the plant is.
carrying two or three hundred of them,
when “stopping” is discontinued before
July 1st. Then it will have assumed its.
proper form, though on a reduced scale,
and all that remains to be done after the
flowering growths have been made is to tie
them in the position that they are naturally
inclined to occupy, no bending or twisting
of the shoots or branches being required.
If rightly done, “stopping” almost.
produces the right form, but small stakes.

ae

NovEMBER, 1910

are the final aid to symmetry. Place
these around the plants, and tie to them
such shoots as are not in the proper posi-
tions. The shoots should be drawn grad-
ually to the point needed, and this work,
including the tying itself, must be done
very carefully as the shoots split easily
at the point of junction. Use soft cord
and tie the shoots near the point. And
don’t forget that the normal tendency of
the plant is to grow upward; therefore,
the shoots starting from the upper part
of the plant are “stopped” shorter than
the side ones.

Standards are trained in exactly the
same way, excepting that, instead of
“stopping” at the start, the stem is al-
lowed to grow to whatever height the
specimen is intended to be. Then the
stem is “stopped”’ and the formation of
the “head” begun. The stem must be
tied to a strong stake.

' When training ceases, place four or
five stakes close to the plants and run
some cord around them in such a way
that it will relieve any weight that may
fall on the branches. The plant is easily
broken at this time, and the loss of even
a single branch will ruin it. After the
plants have been in their flowering pots
long enough for the roots to fill the soil
fairly well, shade the pots so that the sun
will not strike the sides and dry out the
soil. Either boards or litter may be used.
The plants themselves demand sunshine,
and, unless it is done with great judg-
ment, should not be shaded. Even when
the thermometer runs up to 90 degrees in
the shade, in July and August, cheese-
cloth stretched above the plants either
inside or outside of the glass, is all that
is needed, and this only for three or four
hours during the hottest part of the day.

Disbud about the first of September,
and then prepare to tie the blooms in their
final position. Some, stakes must be
used; galvanized iron, with a loop at the
top, is best, but either bamboo or wood
will do. One stake is used for each flower-
ing branch. If the plant is shapely, a
wire frame may be substituted.

March and April are the months for
propagating plants for exhibition blooms,
though some varieties will do better if
started in February. In general; propa-
gate before May ist for first-class blooms,
and not later than June 1st for good
blooms.’ Beds or benches, with the plants
ten to twelve inches apart each way, are
best if the flowers are to be cut; if to be
shown potted or used for the house, pot up
to six-inch size and select the dwarf-grow-
ing kinds, propagating after May 1st. In
any case train the plant to a single stem,
all side branches being removed to concen-
trate every energy on the single purpose
of creating an exceptional flower.

These are the big chrysanthemum feats;
for most amateurs it is better worth while to
attempt those of easier accomplishment,
unless specimens are to be grown for
exhibition purposes. There is less sym-
metry, but not less beauty, in bush plants

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

167

OS RC 3 is Raa Si Be ei ys

Anemone-flowered chrysanthemum, showing wire frame used for training to exhibition bush form

that have not been over-trained, as the
single variety pictured on the cover abun-
dantly demonstrates; and certainly there
is a sense of joy in clustered bloom that
is not always to be found when disbudding
is carried out to the last degree. The year’s
work is much the same, but it is of shorter
duration and not nearly so arduous.
“Stopping” in its simplest form, the
plant being then allowed to shape its
own course, will produce a sufficiently
symmetrical plant for the window, and
it will be all the better for only partial
disbudding. The pompons, which make
admirable window plants, are, of course,
not disbudded at all. They are merely

yo RPI a

“stopped” or pinched into shape, as de-
sired, but not touching them after the
beginning of August. Get the named
varieties of these.

Propagation of plants not intended to
be in the exhibition class is done in the
spring; or cuttings already started may
be purchased.

The green aphis is the chrysanthemum’s
worst enemy. That, and also the black
aphis, may be routed by fumigation with
tobacco stems—in the evening and, if
possible, when the weather is cool. Red
spider disappears if the old rule of spray-
ing the under side of the leaves with
water is applied. ae

eae eee

A large exhibition bush trained to the popular hemispherical form

—

:

Personalities of Fruits I].—By John Craig,

Cornell
University

WINTER APPLES OF HIGH QUALITY —SOME OF THE BEST KINDS FOR THE DISCRIMINATING
GROWER — HABITS OF TREES AND POINTS AS TO CULTURE FOR HOME USE AND MARKET

je THIS article I speak favorably of varie-
ties which, the out-and-out commercialist
would laugh toscorn. They are not intended
for the orthodox commercial grower. They
are not in the Ben Davis, Baldwin, or Wine-
sap class — varieties which are grown by
the acre and train-load in the great apple
regions of the country; but most of them
are the kinds which the discriminating
grower and apple connoisseur — the person
who delights in the superlative in quality
— would be likely to choose. I am making
this prefatory statement to anticipate dis-
claimers from men who look at apple lists
exclusively with the eye of the commercial
grower.

NORTHERN SPY

This apple occupies third place in rank
of commercial importance in western New
York, where it originated about a century
ago. It is commonly supposed to be the
parent of Wagener. which has also attained
a position of considerable economic impor-
tance in the apple world; but as a matter of
fact an examination of the records of the
two yives Wagener precedence in time of
appeacance. Whether the records are ab-
solutely accurate or not is a difficult question
to answer. At any rate, Spy is one of the
most widely known apples and at the same
time one of the most generally appreciated
varieties grown in the Northeast.

Not only is the fruit in keen demand
during its long season, but the tree has special
usefulness, owing to its excellent constitu-
tion, its strong framework, and vigorous
growing habits. For this reason it has done,
and is doing, excellent service as a stock
on which to grow varieties less freely en-
dowed with vigor and hardiness. Notwith-
standing these qualities, it should be pointed
out that Northern Spy does not enjoy as
wide a range of adaptation as either Baldwin
or Ben Davis. This is probably to be
ascribed to the more-potent influence of soil
and climate on the fruit than upon the tree.
For it is in the Northeast that Northern Spy
attains its highest development. If we were
to look for the region where the best fruit
of this variety is produced, we would make
no mistake in visiting the Lake Champlain
section of New York and Vermont and the
eastern end of Lake Ontario. As we go
south the apple matures relatively early and
loses its crisp, sub-acid qualities. In the
South it is better to grow it on heavy soils
than upon warm ones, for soil of this char-
acter will tend to offset the influence of the
climate. In the North, warmer soils give
the best results.

The Spy is a distinctive tree and very
easily recognized in the orchard by its up-
right, compact, twiggy growth. On this
account it requires a considerable amount
of pruning, for the apples borne on the in-

side branches do not color well and usually
lack flavor as well as size. Since it is one
of the latest bloomers in the whole apple
family, it is not likely to be caught by un-
seasonable late spring frosts. On the other
hand, on account of late blooming, the
variety is dependent in large measure upon
its own pollen for fertilization. The r.sult
of this is that while Spy is self-fertile, it runs
low in number of seeds, and seedless speci-
mens are not at alluncommon. These latter
are usually somewhat under size, though oth-
erwise normal. ‘The only other variety that
I now recall blooming in practically the same
season as Spy is the well known Virginia
Jenneting or Rawle’s Genet. A few trees
of these would undoubtedly tend to more
completely fertilize the Spy and probably
improve its bearing qualities.

Northern Spy has a bad reputation in the
matter of early bearing. It is unquestion-
ably a tardy bearer. On the other hand, it is
a fairly regular bearer after its normal
season for fruit production arrives. It does
not tend to overproduce and thus develop
a biennial system of fruiting, as in the case
with many of our commercial varieties.

The fruit of Northern Spy is in every
respect a magnificent addition to the apple
group. Its normal form is large, roundish
conical, with more or less well-developed
ribs. These ribs are sometimes hardly
noticeable; again they are quite prominent,
as in Western grown specimens. The cavity
is large, while the basin is rather small.
The skin is markedly thin, smooth, and
rather tender. In the East under good cul-
ture it takes on a fine glossy finish and is
covered with a light yellow ground washed
liberally with red in varying shades from
bright pink to deep carmine.
lilac bloom of the Spy is also one of its beau-
tiful characteristics. The flesh is yellowish,
of firm, fine texture, yet tender; notably
juicy, sub-acid in flavor and of pleasant
aromatic quality. It ranks from good to
very best according to pomological standards,
and is in season as grown in New York
and New England from December until
March, according to method of handling.
There is no reason, however, why it may not
be kept until apples come again. Northern
Spy should make an excellent variety to
breed from. Curiously enough, it has never
been used very much for this purpose. Its
tardy bearing habits may be the reason.

JONATHAN

This splendid apple has been placed by
eminent pomologists of the country in both
Spitzenburg and Fameuse groups. I do not
feel disposed to agree with either of these
classifications. It is true that the tree has
some of the Spitzenburg characteristics,
but the fruit has not. The Jonathan is
quite dissimilar to and hardly suggestive

168

The delicate

of the Fameuse group of apples, in tree or
fruit. It seems to stand alone.

The Jonathan is somewhat noted, owing
to the fact that it is one of the few Eastern
apples which have attained a position of any
prominence in the commercial apple world
of the Middle West. At all the large ex-
positions which I have visited during the
past twenty years this variety has been cited
as typifying the highest quality in apples of
all varieties grown in the South or Middle
West. The fruit grower of the Ozark, when
asked to name a variety of high. quality,
answers “Jonathan,” with much pride.
The southern Illinois man does the same,
as well as the fruit grower of Indiana.

Jonathan originated in Ulster County,
New York, about a century ago. Here is
a case of a fruit finding congenial, if not
ideal, surroundings in regions other than
the place of its birth. The behavior of
Jonathan is fickle in New York State. The
best specimens I have seen in this state were
grown in Westchester County on stony, rich,
clay loam, and it is probable that such soil
conditions will bring out the best that is in
the variety, at any rate in the East. The
principal complaint against Jonathan is that
it is variable from year to year, some seasons
being of normal size and fine color, while
other years it may run small and vary much
both in color and in size. On the Pacific
Coast, where the variety is again very popu-
lar, this defect is not complained of.

The tree is not a vigorous grower. It is
a weak grower in nursery, according to the
opinion of the man who grows the tree, but
it improves in orchard, and when it ap-
proaches middle life is fairly vigorous and
sturdy. Ideally it should be top-worked
on a strong-growing stock. The charac-
teristic shape is round at first, then spreading,
and finally somewhat pendant in form.

It is an early bearer and for this reason is
popular in commercial plantings, being used
both as a permanent tree and as a “filler.”
The apple is being extensively planted on the
Pacific Slope and as far south as the inter-
mountain regions of Utah and Idaho.

The fruit is of medium size. One of its
attractive features is its regularity of form
with its characteristically deep basin and
cavity. The color, too, is very uniform,
being a clear, bright red, washed on with
great evenness. Occasionally it is lighted up
on the shady side with a patch of clear yellow,
which brings into bolder contrast its red
cheek. The flavor of Jonathan is quite
distinctive. A striking feature is its aro-
matic qualities. It is sprightly sub-acid, with
crisp, juicy flesh. One is obliged to admit
on very critical examination that the prom-
ise which the first taste of Jonathan gives
is hardly fulfilled by the after-taste. How-
ever, it is a mighty good apple. In contrast
to Jonathan the after-taste of the Pearmain,

NovemMBerR, 1910

Esopus, and Spitzenburg are pleasant to
linger upon and delightful to recall.

ESOPUS (SPITZENBURG)

The proper name of this variety is Esopus,
according to the dictum of the authorities
on nomenclature, but it is much more com-
monly known in the countryside by the name
of Spitzenburg. Unfortunately there are
other and older Spitzenburgs. Therefore,
in order to avoid confusion, the name
Spitzenburg is given to the variety to which
it was first applied, and the specific name
Esopus is used for this aristocratic member
of the Baldwin group. There are those who
look upon Baldwin as a variety of mediocre
quality, and there are even those who have
the temerity to suggest that Baldwin and
Ben Davis are in the same class as to quality,
but these people are from the South and, I
fear, are seriously biased. It is difficult
to say just where Esopus originated, but
Ulster county, N. Y., at any rate has been
given the credit, although as a matter of
fact Long Island was the means of bringing
it to the attention of the public through the
progressiveness of its famous and historic
Prince Nurseries of Flushing.

The tree, like Jonathan and several other
fine varieties, is a disappointment to the
nurseryman. Were it not that the fine
qualities of the fruit have so impressed them-
selves upon the public as to make a con-
tinual demand for the variety, the nursery-
man would be inclined to throw it aside,
owing to unsatisfactory growth in its younger
years. When planted in the orchard it gains
vigor, but is never to be rated above mode-
rate in its growth. Old trees take on a
drooping habit, although the
tree as a whole should be
described as rather up-
right, but with spread-
ing tendencies.

As to the fruit,
it is a little dif-
ficult to say
what the
normal

THE GARDEN

size of Esopus is, and one cannot do this
without associating the size with a defi-
nite region. In New York it does not
exceed medium size under ordinary systems
of tillage. In Oregon and Washington,
where it is one of the popular varieties, it
attains large size under irrigated conditions.
It is also fairly uniform in size and shape.
The characteristic form is oblong and rather
truncate, or square at the ends. The skin
is much smoother as grown in the West —
especially in the dry regions, where it is
quite waxy — than it is in the East. The
ground color scheme is rich yellow, but
this is mostly covered with red in varying
shades, laid on in rather inconspicuous
stripes. Our Eastern specimens are some-
times marked by more or less prominent
russet dots, not so common in the Western
apple. The flesh of this variety is yellow,
splendidly firm yet crisp, tender, and juicy —
with less aroma than some, but such as it pos-
sesses is of a penetrating and lasting char-
acter, associated with a pleasant, sprightly
sub-acidity; all of which tend to make it one
of the best and most satisfying apples one
can eat.

The fruit of Esopus is in best condition
in the East in midwinter. Unfortunately,
both tree and fruit are susceptible to attacks

MAGAZINE

169

of fusicladium, which reduce its quantity
and greatly lower its quality. The tree is
also attacked by apple canker. This all
means that Esopus cannot be grown as
cheaply as Ben Davis or Baldwin, but
in these days of conflict with enemies it is
not much more expensive to fight a good
fight than it is to carry on a half-hearted
campaign. Ideally, Esopus should be top-
grafted; if this is not done, plant it on strong,
warm soil and heavy sandy loam well drain-
drained and fertile, give it good cultivation,
prevent injury from its familiar enemies,
and certain reward will come to the grower.

BLUE PEARMAIN

A variety which unreservedly falls into
the restricted or amateur class. It has
been known long and favorably in the
home orchards of the New Englander.
While it is probably of American origin,
there are a number of European kinds
which suggest kinship. It was grown
and appreciated by dwellers in the vicinity
of Boston more than a century ago.

The tree is one of the hardiest of the
old line varieties. Its hardiness has been
tested in the Province of Quebec, where
it accompanied the United Empire loyal-
ists in their wanderings from the New
England States and where it has a place
in many of the earlier established orchards,
especially in the Eastern Township section
of that province. The habit of the tree
is spreading, with peculiarly angled, stiff,
stubby branches. Unfortunately it is sub-
ject to sun-scald of stem and cankerous
trouble of branch.

The fruit is large, usually oblate, some-
what angled, but occasionally quite regu-

lar in outline and of strikingly beau-
tiful purplish color. This is
varied by mottlings and
blotches from very
deep red to pur-
plish-red, most
blue. The

raed

Northern Spy apples are notably juicy and sub-acid in flavor, with firm yet tender flesh aud thin, smooth skin

The Jonathan is of medium size and of a clear,
bright red. Crisp and juicy

bloom is remarkably heavy and beautiful.
No other variety, except one or two of the
crabapples, produces such a heavy coat
of bloom. The flesh is yellow, moderately
juicy, firm, meaty, and of a delicious sub-
acid, pear-like flavor —an apple sugges-
tive of richness and high quality, which
one appreciates in midwinter.

The tree needs high culture. It should
be sprayed thoroughly to prevent scab,
and fed liberally to encourage productive-
ness, which it often lacks. As the trees
grow older they should be pruned vigor-
ously during the dormant season to stimu-
late growth and to renew fruit spurs.
The fruit loses moisture readily —it is
like the russets in this respect — and

should be kept in tight, paper-lined boxes -

or barrels in reasonably damp storage.

YELLOW NEWTOWN

From the standpoint of length of life
and early associations this is at once the
most venerable and eminent member of
the American apple family. It is the
variety. with which Benjamin Franklin
may be said to have inaugurated the
export of American apples to Britain —.
a trade which has since grown to such
enormous proportions. It was the first
American apple to attract the attention
of the British grower as well as the British
consumer. Numerous attempts have been
made to cultivate it in England, but
these have been more or less uniformly
unsuccessful, except in the warmer regions
and on rich limestone soils.
season in Britain is too cool to bring this
variety to a state of satisfactory maturity.

Pomological history assigns the place
of origin of the Newtown to the village
of this name on Long Island — where

the original tree is reputed to have stood

as late as the first decade of the nineteenth
century, when it appears to have been
killed by much pruning in the removal
of wood for propagating purposes. It
is proper to state that there are two New-
town Pippins, the Yellow and the Green.
The former, however, is much more widely
grown than the latter, and the Green is
often confused with another variety with

The summer

THE -GAR DEN WA GAZ EN

Newtown characteristics and Pennsyl-
vania origin, known as the Swaar. In
Virginia, Yellow Newtown has been in
cultivation so long that Virginians look
upon it as an indigenous kind and have
emphasized that view by giving it a local
name, Albemarle Pippin, from the county
in which it is extensively cultivated. So
freely is Yellow Newtown grown in that
county, and so regularly has it been
exported from thence to the British mar-
kets, that it is customarily listed in the
reports of the commission merchants of
London and Liverpool and other English
cities alongside of Yellow Newtown, but
under the name of Albermarle Pippin.
I fancy the name itself sounds good to
English ears. It has the proper twang,
and that alone will materially aid in its
retention.

The tree is moderately vigorous and
fairly erect, though the terminal shoots
take on a drooping tendency with age.
It is not what may be called an open-
headed tree. On the country it is rather

The yellow Newton Pippin, as good for cooking as
for eating. Originated on Long Island

dense. The question is often asked, should
the Newtown be top-worked in order to
increase its vigor ?
necessary to do this in general, although
where it makes a manifestly poor growth,
owing to soil conditions, it might be
desirable to: do this. It is distinctly a
winter variety, one of the best keepers
in the entire group of midwinter sorts.

Another good point about the Newtown —

is that, unlike most winter varieties, it
bears reasonably early in life. Of course
the fact that it is a late winter variety
carries with it the incidental requirement
of plenty of summer heat to ripen it. A
bright, airy situation on warm, rich soil
in the northeastern part of the country
is an absolute requirement in order to
bring it to its highest. development. It
is perhaps more particular in regard to
soil and climatic conditions than almost
any other variety and there appear to be
only a few places in the East where it
can be successfully grown. These are
the north side of Long Island, the elevated
regions of the lower Hudson, the Pied-

I hardly think it is

NoveMBER, 1910

mont section of Virginia, the foothills of
northern California, and the valleys of
northern Washington and southern Brit-
ish Columbia.

The fruit of Newtown is not sold on its
looks. It is often comparatively unat-
tractive. It is of medium size as grown
in the East, often of good size when grown
under irrigation in the West, but is usually
slightly angular and ridged, and sometimes
quite lopsided. The skin is smooth but
not waxy; the color greenish yellow,
warming as it ripens to bright yellow with
a pink flush. The cavity is deep and the
calyx small, usually closed. The flesh of
Yellow Newtown is distinctive, being
yellowish and remarkably firm, with no
suggestion of toughness, but rather a crisp,
crackling character unlike almost any
other variety we have. It is fine-grained,
juicy, with a pleasant aroma which tends
to heighten its natural rich subacid
flavor. This variety is as good to cook
as it is to eat. In that respect it is also
somewhat unique. Newtown nearly al-
ways tops the market quotations in
London and Liverpool.

GRIMES

This is a variety which may be looked
upon as a sort of traveling mate of
Jonathan. It is in high repute in the
regions where Jonathan succeeds best.
It is not found to be satisfactory in the
cooler regions of New England and New
York, especially on the heavier soils, but
as grown on the bluffs of southern Ilh-
nois, in the limestone region of southern
Indiana and the Blue Grass section of
Kentucky it attains high excellence and
handsome appearance. We hear of Grimes
also as being popular in the apple-growing
bench and valley lands of Colorado, but
it has not taken hold of the Pacific Slope
growers in the way that Jonathan, Wine-
sap, and Spitzenburg have.

Grimes appears to have originated in
West Virginia, where it has been grown
for a century or more and from whence
it has gradually spread itself in local
areas over the country.

Pek ice ae TRIN” REN ace a tw E

Esopus, one of the most satisfying apples for eating.
Oblong in shape with yellow flesh

NovemBer, 1910

The tree may be described as a fair
grower, with short, stout, curved branches.
This is, in effect, Beach’s description of
it. Its general form is upright or roundish.

The fruit of Grimes as grown in the
East is of medium size; when well grown
it may be described as large. Its form is
a regular roundish oblong. Sometimes
Western specimens show a conical ten-
dency and well-marked ribs or ridges.
The stem is short and set in a broad, deep
cavity, which is fre-
quently russeted.
The flesh of Grimes
is yellow, tender, but
firm and crisp, fine-
grained, quite juicy,
with a pleasant sub-
acid, sprightly fla-
vor. It is highly
praised by growers
of the Middle West,
but has never at-
tained a prominent
place in the East.
Its season ranges
from November
through January.

AS 2h lo Gene cben
Grimes has a very
good reputation
where it succeeds.
As a keeper in cold
storage, like most
yellow varieties, it
is not very satisfac-
tory, owing to its
susceptibility to
scald. Grimes represents one of the va-
rieties of apples which are much less cos-
mopolitan in its characteristics than others,
but a variety which gives great satisfaction
when grown in suitable conditions.

LADY
Under the name of Pomme d’A pi, this
variety has been grown in France for at

least three centuries, according to the
statement of the best pomological his-

Blue Pearmain, a century-old variety.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

torians. It is difficult to say how and
when it found its way to this country.
Certainly it was among the pioneers, for
it has long been prized by discriminating
apple-growers of New England. Another
evidence of its relative antiquity is afforded
by the number of its offspring found in
Eastern New York and New England.
There is nothing in the size of Lady to
prevent it from being classed with crab-
apples. It has, however, coupled with

its small size the saving feature of a short
stem, which is usually regarded as an
essential character that separates the
crab from the apple, and it also has no
astringent, crab-like characteristics of
flavor or flesh.

The tree possesses moderate vigor,
coupled with a rather dense and somewhat
upright habit of growth. It should not
be planted on clay soils. This is impor-
tant. It requires a warm loam to develop

Of a beautiful purplish color and pear-like flavor

171

color and the highest flavor. As Beach
remarks, in “The Apples of New York,”
the fruiting habit is peculiar in that the
apples are borne in clusters on spurs dis-
posed quite closely on the branches.
This fact, together with the small size
of the fruit, makes picking rather expensive.
It cannot be said to be an early bearer,
but on the other hand it produces with
considerable regularity after the bearing
period is reached. The commercial value
of Lady lies in its di-
minutive attractive-
ness, its beautiful
color and its high
quality. These char-
acteristics are, how-
ever, only fully
brought out when
under suitable soil
and culture condi-
tions.

The fruit is of the
smallest size, regu-
larly oblate or flat in
form. The skin is
smooth, rather thin
and mostly covered
with a beautiful
pink and red blush,
irregularly inter-
spersed with clear
yellow areas. It is
this interesting fea-

makes Lady so at-
tractive. The flesh
is white and unusu-
ally fine grained. The qualities of juice
and flavor are pleasantly subacid, aromatic
and all that is required to make it a kind
ranking from good to best. Lady is one of
our best keepers, and in ordinary ventilated
storage can be held in good condition until
May. It is essentially an amateur apple
that may be grown for the special market,
but with most favorable conditions the
grower should receive top market prices
in order to make its cultivation profitable.

Practical and Impractical Ideas from England—By Wilhelm Miller, *

WHY DO WE SQUANDER THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS A YEAR ON ENGLISH YEW, WHEN
JAPANESE YEW, WHICH IS PRACTICALLY THE SAME THING, IS ABSOLUTELY HARDY?

|? IS easy to understand why the Ameri-
can people seem determined to plant
English yew in spite of all the experts
who have ever lived. No other evergreen
tree or shrub has its roots so deep in
Anglo-Saxon life. It is a perfect symbol
of England’s passion for ancient and
enduring things. It grew in England
many thousands of years ago when the
elephant and rhinoceros roamed _ that
land. And when all the other evergreen
conifers left England, the yew was the only
one, save Scotch pine, that remained.
When Cesar visited Britain and gave

Bi

the first authentic account of our brave
barbarian ancestors, the Britons defended
themselves with bows of yew,.and as long
as English archers were celebrated, the
yew furnished the best wood for bows.
In many an English church-yard there
is a yew tree 1,000 years old — the soli-
tary living witness of the rise and fall of
the oldest human families in the land. I
heard of several yews that are thought to
be 4,000 years old.

Both as a tree and as a hedge the English
love the yew. As a tree it reaches a
maximum height of about sixty feet, but

the familiar size is fifteen to twenty feet.
Every English child that ever lived has
rejoiced at the sight of this small, square-
headed tree, with its short trunk and sturdy
frame. Every child that has grown to
manhood has been comforted in winter
by its perennial verdure and its warm,
reddish bark. Nothing is more pictur-
esque, weird, or solemn than the double
rows of yew that lead to many an ancient
church, for the overarching and inter-
lacing branches, seen from within, remind
one of Dore’s illustrations of Dante’s
Inferno. Yet no evergreen is more dec-

ture of color which.

[_ wor

Ser

eta ete on

a

172

orative than English yew when it is grown
as a specimen. And the tens of thousands
of Americans who have stood at Hampton
Court and gazed down those majestic
avenues of yew have carried away an
unforgettable impression.
As a hedge, also, the yew has impressed
-every American who has spent a day in
rural England. For yew has no rival as an
evergreen garden hedge, save box. Both
are evergreen, long-lived, and take kindly
to any kind of trimming, and are essen-
tially decorative, since they have no floral
attractions. But their expression, or
spirit, is wholly different, since the box
has broad leaves, and the yew narrow
ones — short needles like our hemlock.
How characteristic is the photograph on
this page! What richness of texture!
How very distinct! What a noble back-
ground for the best statuary and gayest
flowers any garden can show! No won-
der every American with English tra-
ditions desires a garden with a yew hedge!
Alas! English yew is not well adapted
to the climate of the United States north of
Philadelphia. True
there are century-
old yews at Colum-
bia University,
worth possibly
$2,000 a pair, and
at Rochester, N. Y.,
and Providence,
R.I., I lately saw
perfect yew for gar-
den purposes, yet
such cases are only
the exceptions that
prove the rule. The
great enemies of
evergreens in Amer-
ica are winter winds
and winter sunshine,
which rob the leaves
of their moisture
faster than it can be
replaced by frozen
roots. We Ameri-
cans doubtless
squander thousands
of dollars every year
on yew hedges, in-
cluding the cost ‘of
wasted labor. You
can hardly blame
the nurserymen for
this. They haven’t
time to explain that
yew is unreliable,
and even if they did,
people wouldn’t be-
lieve. They will
have what they
want, even if they
think there is only
one chance in a hun-
dred of ultimate suc-
cess. Wihey see
golden yew at Mr.
Hunnewell’s place
at Wellesley, where,
contrary to the or-

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

der of nature, it is hardier than the green
kind. Therefore they will have golden
yew.

How obstinate and unprogressive we
Americans are in many things! We pride
ourselves on being up-to-date, yet we
are far slower to adopt new ideas in gar-
dening than the “conservative” English-
man and “hide-bound”’ Dutchman. For
instance, the Japanese yew is a nearly
perfect substitute for English yew, yet
most nurserymen have never heard of it,
and I cannot name a single one who
grows it in quantity. Yet, for nearly
forty years the books and magazines
have intimated that it is probably the
best and most permanent evergreen hedge
for American gardens, since it will endure
full sunshine and does not need protection
from winter winds even in New England.
And on his own estate Professor Sargent has
a Japanese yew which is so old and big
that Mr. John Dunbar estimates its value
at $2,000! Can you wonder that a cer-

tain great American authority on trees
and shrubs should exclaim in a moment

Japanese yew, a hardy eauivalent of English yew, is the tall plant back. The two low plants in front are
Taxus cuspidata, var. brevifolia, described on page 186

NovEMBER, 1910

of enthusiasm, “That is the most valuable
plant ever introduced from Japan!”

What, then, is this admirable Japanese
yew like? Taxus cuspidate is practic-
ally the same as the English yew
(T. baccata), save that it is hardier and
extremely slow to make a tree. It has the
effect of a large bush and will make a
garden hedge so that no one can see over.
To make sure that you are getting what
you pay for, you need remember only that
its distinguishing feature is the abruptly
pointed leaf— what the botanist calls
mucronate. It can never rival English
yew aS a specimen tree or for avenues,
but as a hedge plant or specimen bush
it is, in my opinion, equally beautiful.

The plain truth is that we are woefully
blind to the beauty of two species of yew
which are hardier than the English. Not
one person in a thousand knows that our
native ground hemlock (Taxus Canadensis)
is a true yew. And not one person in ten
thousand knows that this exquisite trail-
ing plant takes on an erect and bushy
habit in cultivation. You can see splendid
bushes of it at the
Arnold Arboretum,
as dense and com-
pact as anything
heart could desire
—and about four
feet high. Indeed,
I am not at all sure
that we could not
make yew hedges six
feet high as good as
any in England,
simply by cultivat-.
ing and trimming
this neglected trailer
of our woods. How
unimaginative we
Americans really
are! Just because
we see a bush that
grows three feet
high and six feet
across, we take it for
granted that it must.
always grow that
way, when the prun-
ing shears alone
might make it grow
three feet across and
six feet high!

No one ought to
design a garden
without seeing these
two plants— Japan-
ese and trailing yew.
And every connois-
seur ought to know
about the California
yew (Taxus brevifo-
lia). There are good,
shrubby specimens
of it at the Arnold
Arboretum, but it is
most unlikely that
this species will ever
grow thirty to forty
feet high in the East,

NoOvEMBBER, 1910

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

English yew at Brockenhurst Park, Hants, showing the rich texture and dark, glossy foliage

as it does on the Pacific Coast, and I doubt
whether any Pacific Coast tree will ever be
as hardy in the east as the Japanese yew.
Caution to collectors: The true California
yew (T. brevifolia) is hard to get. What the
nurserymen generally call TZ. brevifolia
is a dwarf variety of the English yew
(T. baccata, var. nana), as you can tell
by the straight leaf. The true T. brevi-
folta has somewhat sickle-shaped leaves,
which are rarely straight.

A word to people who love to import
the most precious novelties and rarities
of the Old World. Beware of all varieties
of Taxus baccata. I have seen most of
them and studied all of them as described
in the best book on yew, and there is not

_one I dare recommend — except Taxus
repandens, a lovely plant which has done
very well in a few places here. I can
quickly analyze all those varieties of
English yew. Some are of erect habit,
some spreading, others weeping; many
are variegated, and there are some with
yellow fruit. But even at their best they
are only specimens to be used in a small
way; they can never rival the common
old English yew for height and dignity,

nor the Japanese yew for garden hedges.
Golden, silver, pendulous, columnar,
dwarf, and heath-like yews are obviously
of comparatively small value, even in
Europe.

The most famous of them all is the
Irish or Florence Court yew (T. bac-
cata, var. fastigiata, but known to nur-
serymen as 7. Hibernica). Its tendency
toward columnar habit is striking, but
the essence of its popularity is its greater
showiness, which is due to the very long
leaves (often 11% inches). It grieved
me to see it over-planted in England,
but it is natural that beginners should
plant Irish yew and Irish ivy simply be-
cause they are showier than the good
old British originals. Another reason why
the Irish yew is so unnatural in appear-
ance is that the leaves are spirally arranged
in tufts, or else scattered along the branch-
lets — not in two rows as in the English
yew.

A word of caution to all. The berries
of yew are not poisonous, but the leaves
are deadly. English people never like
to plant yew along roadsides, in deer
parks or in any place where horses or

cattle may browse the foliage. Some-
times people will thoughtlessly put a
spray of foliage in the mouth; it is safer
not to.

The cultivation of yews is simple.
They like best a moist, well-drained,
sandy loam. They endure shade well,
and all but the Japanese yew may actually
require it. They are gross feeders, and
should therefore be kept as far as possible
from flower beds. Plants raised from
cuttings are said to grow more slowly
than grafted ones.

The berries of yews are a great attraction.
They are soft, scarlet cups, about half-
an-inch long. The fruit-producing plants
are separate from the pollen-producing
plants. English and trailing yew have
round berries, but that of the trailing yew
is smaller. California yew has an oblong
berry.

Who in America has a hedge of Japanese
yew equal to an old hedge of English yew?
Who will have the courage to plant one?
Many, I hope, for it is only by study,
imagination, and courage that we may
hope to make America as beautiful as
England.

Planning the Garden Picture—By W. S. Rogers’

THE TREATMENT OF THE SMALL PLOT, AND THE FACTORS THAT CONTROL THE DESIGN

ral design of a garden should take
its general character from the local
conditions and environment. The con-
tours, slope, and aspect of the plot.are the
first factors to be considered; the shape
of its boundaries is important, and equally
so the position and shape ,of the house.
The aim of the designer should'be:to bring
all these factors into a consistent and pleas-
ing combination, in which the garden and
house are in entire harmony with each
other. Do not plan for mere effect on
paper. The lines of the plan, representing
as they do the projection of the design on
the horizontal plane only, have little mean-
ing if they are not intimately co-related
with some effect in the third dimension.

I cannot too strongly urge the impor-
tance of eliminating symmetry from the
general garden picture; not only because
it precludes a picturesque effect, but for
the practical reason that it is rarely con-
sistent with a design which gives due
weight to the all-important factor, aspect.

Many complaints of undue formality
have their basis in the existence of a
meaningless symmetry. In observing these
injunctions against symmetry it .must
not be understood that they apply .with
the same force to details. .On the contrary,
the treatment of certain parts of the gar-
den may be governed with advantage
by considerations of symmetry. For in-
stance, in a group of beds on the lawn, a
one-sided arrangement would be opposed
to good practice, particularly if associated
with a grass plot of regular shape.

Formality, .as usually understood, may .

arise from several causes. The most
common one is symmetry in the general
lines of the design. Another cause may
be injudicious planting, particularly when
the gardener has not adopted means of
building up a well-considered picture in
the vertical plane. Trees planted sentinel-
wise, at equal distances, will produce a
formal effect. The repetition of some con-
spicuous feature at regular intervals also
makes for formality.

Complexity in detail may suggest for-
mality, by proclaiming too insistently
the artificial character of the garden.
Still another cause is neglect to preserve
a proper scale in the various details. It
might be concluded that the use of straight
lines and right-angles would lead inevitably
to a formal result; on the contrary, in
small gardens the use of straight lines,
in combination with a studied simplicity
of treatment, is the most efficient means
of securing an informal result, because
it enables the designer to harmonize his
plan with the shape of the garden boun-
daries. On the other hand, curved lines
may only render too conspicuous the rigid
outlines of these boundaries.

I must here emphasize the value of

variety — variety in outline, variety in

shape (as opposed to too frequent repe-

tition of similar shapes), and variety in

‘planting so as to secure a good effect in

the vertical plane. Such variety must
be carefully thought out, and made to
give character to the garden as a whole.
This does not ‘imply over-elaboration,
nor is ‘it, opposed to simplicity of treatment.
It is just the avoidance of undue repeti-
tion of lines and shapes.

Another factor in the attainment of
the picturesque is what I may term “‘re-
ticence.” It is not well to aim at giving
too comprehensive a view of the garden
from any one point. The planning should
be so contrived that the various garden
features are seen one at a time as it is
traversed from end to end. This may be
arranged by judicious screening, for which
trees, shrubs, arches, trellis,
objects may be employed. A long her-
baceous border, filled with flowers carefully
graded in height, the tall ones all standing
at the back and the short ones in front,
presents a rather monotonous vista. Its
charm is greatly enhanced if the process

is partly reversed, so that here and there —

a bold clump of flowers or foliage is allowed
to push forward. Incidentally this arrange-
ment affords shelter to the smaller and
more tender plants lying between their

robuster companions.

Again, the garden may be divided up
into ‘separate conpartments, each only
to come into full view when it is entered.
Passing down between well-filled borders,
we may thread a pergola clustered with
flowering climbers, to emerge upon an
Alpine garden which in turn leads to a
shady grass plot, or by another flower-
flanked path to the vegetable ground.
Each section of the garden is complete
in itself, though all united in a consistent
and harmonious whole.

The task of the designer does not stop
at this point. He has other factors to
consider. It is essential that the picture
should not be merely a group of closed-in
compartments. He must contrive a series
of vistas, which, whilst giving pleasant
peeps from certain points, convey a sense
of space. In other words, the treatment
must include that artistic quality known

s “breadth.” This is to be attained in
part by the opening up of vistas, and in
part by simplicity of character in the
principal details of the design.

One frequently hears the terms “a
natural garden.” A natural garden within
the limits of four square boundary walls
in the sense of a garden which shall deceive
the spectator into believing that he is
looking at a piece of pure Nature, is un-
attainable. The effects which we create
in our gardens must be so contrived as
not to reveal too patently the means by

174

and other |

character.

the flowers spread on to the grass.
outlines they then create blend softly with

which they are produced. By the ob-
servance of this principle we get the near-
est approach to a natural garden, inasmuch
as the examples of Nature’s work then
impress us more strikingly than the woe
of the garden designer.

A further quality which it is important
to introduce into the garden is repose.
Repose is closely co-related with breadth

of treatment, but it also involves a proper

proportioning of the main elements of
the design, the borders, grass, and walks.

As regards the walks, it is only necessary
to see that they exist for a definite pur-
pose and that they do not sprawl aimlessly

about the plot, cutting it up into awkward

shapes. Grass, more than any other
feature, helps to secure repose. As far as
possible it should exist in a single stretch.

Apart from questions of tennis and croquet,

the grass is a valuable background to the
flowers, and a place where the feet may
escape the “crunch” of gravel.

And so with the beds and borders. It
is little short of vandalism to fret the lawn
into a lace-work of fantastically fashioned
beds, in which geometry is invoked to
inspire the gardener. Nature does not

-grow her flower groups within the rigid

limits of five-pointed stars, crescents, and
crosses. Beds in grass are sometimes admir-
able features, if modelled on simple
shapes. The more elaborate the form of
the bed the more time and labor will be
expended in preserving its geometry, and
the less enjoyment will be derived from
the flowers. The makers of stars and
crescents, moreover, should realize that
an acute angle is an awkward one, and
that to preserve the outlines of such beds it
is necessary to fill them with puny plants,
which, by constant pinching, are prevented
from developing their natural form and
The result’ is that the bed
becomes a mere formal patch of color,
exciting only admiration for the gardener’s
patience and skill with the turf trimmer.
Better to adopt a simple circle, square, or
rectangle, and to be not too particular if
The

the turf, and are far more sightly than the
hard edges fresh from the trimming tool.

I have already made it clear that the
garden design must grow out of the gar-
den itself, and this is only another way of
saying that the garden must harmonize
with its site and surroundings. The house
may provide the theme, and then the gar-"
den must be designed to harmonize with
its outlines and character. A house per-
mitted to stand up bleak and naked from
an expanse of gravel or turf will always
wear an aspect of aloofness. Fill in the
angles where the house rises above the
ground, either by the use of shrubs, or by
placing borders against the house wall.

neaes

Port nee Kepee awit

A window box plant before and after winter storage,
for which the pruning is severe

Water the window box thoroughly when it is first

brought up from the cellar

A begonia as brought from the cellar. and after
four months in the sunshine

Bringing the Window Box Indoors—By Luke J. Doogue, %%.

"THE general rule is to empty a window

box at the close of summer, throw
the plants away, and store the receptacle
until another year. This means the loss
of some months of pleasure.

My idea is that a window box should
do duty for many months, instead of being
in use through the summer only. The
same plants can be made to serve season
after season for years, and the under-
taking is not so difficult as it seems, nor
is a greenhouse required. That the plan
is perfectly practical is demonstrated by
the fact that I have tried it for many years
with marked success, going: to even greater
lengths in making the window box more
of a continuous proposition than I am
about to outline.

There are two ways of avoiding’ the
usual emptying of a window.box in the
fall, at the moment when, very. likely,
both the bloom and the foliage of the
geranium, ivy, vinca, ageratum, fuchsia,
and so on are at their ‘best. “The plants
can be taken out, potted,:and placed in

a sunny window for the winter, or they .

may be packed in a box and stored i in ithe
cellar. In the former instance Jit will .be
necessary to trim the plants, so that they
will not be too ragged, for the window.
This trimming not only shapes them, but
induces a thickening of growth.

For cellar storage the cutting back»must
be much more severe, the plants ‘being

The bulbs well started in growth

to make roots.

reduced to mere stumps before they are
packed in boxes, with a little loam around
them. Store where there is no frost and
no furnace gas, and only enough light
to tease the plants into sufficient growth
to keep them just alive. This may seem
rough treatment, but it is astonishing how
well plants do after months of that sort
of cold storage.

When the plants have been taken from
the window box, the remainder of the
old soil is removed, and fresh loam with a
liberal mixture of coarse sand used to
refill it. Then plant tulips, hyacinths,
narcissus, or any other bulbs that you
may prefer. Plant them about two inches

deep, fairly close together, and put the

window box in a cool, dark place, to re-
main there for from eight to ten weeks
At the same time plant
some bulbs in pots and store them.
Toward the latter part of January the

Filled with forget-me-nots and pansies

175

window box can be brought into the light,
and it will not be long before the bulbs
will rush into flower. If kept longer in
the dark, the potted bulbs will lengthen
the show for weeks, these being substi-
tuted as fast as the ones originally planted.
in the window box fade. When one of
the latter has gone by, bring out a potted
bulb, remove it from the pot, and plant
it in place of the other.

By this plan the bulb display can be
kept up until well into spring, and when
the potted stock gives out there are other
things that can be used to advantage.
Pansies may be planted very effectively,
and, as they like the cold, the window-box
can be moved out-of-doors with safety
even in March. Of course, it is necessary
to watch out for cold snaps; if they come,
use a covering of paper. In April either
Arabis albida or Phlox subulata may be
substituted for the pansies.

Meanwhile the plants stored in the
cellar will have required some attention.
Pot them in February and bring them
upto the light. They will look unsightly
at first, but will soon whip themselves
into shape, and by the latter part of May
will look as well as anything you can buy.
When you have decided that the box show
outside has lasted long enough, it can be
brought indoors and refilled with the
plants. Keep the box in a sunny window
and turn occasionally so that the plants
will not get one-sided.

The same box with tulips in bloom

|

What the Coco Palm Means to the Tropics—By John Gifford,

Flor-

A TREE THAT GIVES MAN FOOD, SHELTER, DRINK, AND A FEW OTHER THINGS BESIDE, AND MAKES
LIVING AN EASY PROBLEM TO THE PEOPLE OF THE TROPICS— POSSIBILITIES OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION

T IS so much better to call this tree
the ‘‘coco palm” than the “cocoanut
palm tree.” There seems also no reason
for spelling coconut with an @ init. The
source of this word is probably not known,
but when no other source is plausible,
ancient Greek or Latin is sought, and a
possible origin is guessed at, for instance
the Greek kokkus, a berry. The natives
of the Bahamas are called ‘‘Conchs,”
apparently because they are fond of the
shellfish called conch, from the Latin
concha, a shell. It more than likely comes
from a very old English word similarly
spelled, meaning a “beach thief,” or
“beach comber.”’

The use of an a@ in the word simply
helps to confound it with cacao, coca,
and a few other plant names with similar
spelling. The Spanish call it coco, and
the Germans Kokos-
palme. The generic
name is Cocos, the
specific name nuci-
fera, and when Lin-
naeus called it nuci-
ferous, or nut-bear-
ing, he perpetuated
in its name its most
striking quality.
The use of the word
“perpetuated” is
good, since Cocos
nucifera is one of
the few plant names
which have not been
changed a dozen or
more times by ar-
dent botanists.

From the stand-
point of utility, the
cocopalm leads the
procession in the
tree world. As to
beauty, that de-
pends altogether on
the character of
your art education.
I have heard both
the royal palm and
coco palm likened to
huge feather dusters
set on end over the
landscape. This
much is certain —a
coral strand without
coco palms would
look like Father
Time without his
whiskers.

In spite of the
fact that the fruits
of the royal palm
are only used for
pig-feed, this tree is
more stately and

aristocratic than the coco palm. It is per-
fectly straight, smooth, and columnar and
well fitted for avenues leading up to South-
ern mansions. The coco palm, on the other
hand, is plebeian. It bends accommodat-
ingly at the start, and has pronounced
ridges where the massive leaves have
fallen away, which give the monkey-like
pickaninny a good toehold.

It is a fitting shade to the hut of a fisher-
man, for with a long-handled sponge hook
he can pull down at any time a green
nut which yields a cool, sweet, fresh, in-
vigorating drink from nature’s own dis-
tillery. Strange to say, this liquid is under
pressure and, although there is not the
decided “‘pop”’ which is always looked for
in the case of a soft drink, there is a good
active ‘‘squirt”’ indicating that the water
is fresh and the nut sound. Inside, under

A coco palm with ripe nuts. This and the trees in the background have the characteristic leaning tendency

176

the shell, which in this stage is just begin-
ning to harden, there is a layer of soft
nutritious jelly.

The white meat of the ripe nut is used
for candy, feed for animals, and, when
ground very fine, makes a cream which
is delicious on fruits, etc. I have seen
chickens, goats, dogs, pigs, and pickaninnies
all feeding in the same yard at the same
time on the white meat of the coconut.

The coco palm is a queer tree —it
seems to love the winds and salt of the
seashore; yet some scientist has tried
to prove that its home is inland on a high
plateau in South America.

It has been pictured in times past as
a perfect adaptation to the seashore.
What the date is to the desert, the coco
palm is to the strand. The hard shell
of the nut is filled with a rich oily meat
which floats high.
The germ is pro-
tected and well sup-
plied with nutriment
for the days of its
youth. On the out-
side of the shell
there is a pad of
fibre which protects
it when it falls to the
hard coral strand.
It will not break
when it falls, it
bounds and rolls
like a ball down the
incline into the sea,
and floats and floats
and floats till
washed on some
muddy shore which
the coral polyps, the
waves, and the man-
grove trees have
been many a year in
making. Then it is
gradually covered
with sand and sea-
weed by wind and
wave. Soon it
springs from one of
the three eyes in the
end of the nut. The
leaves are at first
simple, and in youth
the tree needs shade,
which it gets natu-
rallyfrom the bushes
on the shore. Soon
it throws out great
compound leaves of
woody texture, some
of which are fully
fifteen feet in length.
Think of leaves fif-
teen feet long! In
a few years, seldom

i

NOVEMBER, 1910

The blossoms of the coco palm, which sometimes
yields a nut for every day in the year

“under five, it bears a bunch of nuts, fol-

lowed by other bunches in all stages of
growth.

Then the mangrove island is fit for
human habitation, fit for the home of some
smoky colored, semi-nude sea-islander, who
from this palm can garner all the necessi-
ties and a few of the luxuries of life. With
the fish in the sea by the shore, and the
turtles that lay on the beach, starvation
is not possible. Man’s ultimate wants
are shelter, food, and drink. The coco
palm supplies them all, with more besides.

The Negro who lives in the shade of
this useful tree has also fortunately de-
veloped a thick skull-shell, covered with
a mat of tow. And well so, since the fall
of a coconut from a sixty-foot palm is
nigh like a ball from the cannon’s mouth.
A single fruit of the double coconut of
the Seychelle Islands weighs from forty
to fifty pounds. Our common coconut
when green will weigh at least five pounds.
Over in Brazil men wear bucklers of wood
to protect themselves from the fall of the
balls of Brazil-nuts. These actually plant
themselves when they hit the soft, moist
earth of the jungle.

Still there are scientists at work who
have proven, to their own satisfaction
at least, that the coconut does not float
far, that it soon loses its vitality when
soaked in salt water, that it rarely sprouts
when washed upon the beach, and that
it has been distributed completely round
the globe mainly by the hand of man.

The waves wash the tree half over,
break over it with great fury and bang
great booms against it in times of storm,
but it lives on and bears on in spite of
abuse. Dig it up carefully and pet it
with fertilizer, and it will more than likely
turn yellow and die. Cut off its tough
fibrous roots to the stub, and cut off its
leaves, then stick it in the ground as you
would plant a fence-post, and it will very
likely live.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

In Porto Rico the water of the green
coconut is relished by everybody. It
is almost a national beverage, and a
wholesome germ-free beverage it is—abso-
lutely free from chemical adulteration and
ptomaine poisoning. All through the day
and late at night in Porto Rican cities may
be heard the welcome call of the coco de-
aqua vendor.

In some parts of the East the fruit
stalks are cut while green and tender,
and the stub is attached to a light bamboo
trough. Several flower-stalks may be thus
treated and several little troughs may be
led to one spot where there is a receptacle
in the form of a big gourd or calabash
awaiting the liquid which oozes out and
trickles down to form a cider or toddy.

Could one imagine a state more seraphic

Coco nuts in one of the earlier stages of growth.
Later, they bend the stalk with their weight

to the minds of many men than a hut
closely surrounded by coco palms with
bamboo conduits leading this cidery juice
slowly, but continuously, into a receptacle
on the kitchen table?

From the outside of the nut comes the
husk or coir which is used for cordage and
woven into tough matting for church
aisles, office floors, etc.

The oil which is expressed from the
copra, or dried meat of the nut, enters
into butter, soap, etc.

The hard shells are carved and used
for utensils of various kinds.

The trunk wood is poor and hard on
tools. It is used, nevertheless, because
it is cheap and answers the purpose,
although, of course, a fine full-bearing
coco palm is never cut for its wood. It
is called “porcupine wood” because it
has hard bundles of tissue in it which,
when cut on the slant, appear like spines
in the wood. The heart is spongy, but

177

the outer layer, although rough, is tough
and durable.

A coco palm usually bears a terrific
weight of fruit, and bears it continuous.y,
but if it fails the native hacks it or drives
iron into it or cuts deep notches into the
trunk, which at the same time facilitate
climbing, and lo! it bears —bears because
its vegetative activity has been restrained,
and, like evcry other creature on earth,
strives all the more to perpetuate its kind.

Among the leaves around the stem
there is a natural cloth, to be sure not
woven with warp and woof, but of such
a nature that primitive man could have
easily taken the hint. I don’t know
whether this cloth is ever used for wear-
ing apparel or not, certainly not in the
majority of even remote regions where
gunny sacks are plentiful.

There are those who grow passionately
fond of the coco palm, especially when
grouped by the shimmering particolored
sea of the tropics. There is nothing
sorrowful about them; in the breeze they
never emit a whining tune as do the pines,
but a lusty clattering and banging. I
heard an old sailor once say that he wanted
to be buried in the shade of a coco palm
by the shore.

But like all good things on earth it has
its tormentors. In parts of the West
Indies it has fallen a prey to a fungous
blight. Strong efforts are being used
to check its spread, and close watch should
be kept to prevent it from entering Florida
from Cuba, since in south Florida there are
many coco palms, and many acres of land
where they can be successfully planted.

How the coconut sprouts through its thick outer
husk. Im five years this will bear fruit

SAS a

The Latest Discovery—Plant Sweet Peas Now-—By Leonard Barron, %%

BUT YOU MUST BE SURE TO GET THEM COVERED LIGHTLY WITH LITTER BEFORE SNOW COMES

HERE is no longer any question
about it! Sweet peas will give
amazing results from fall planting right
out in the open ground — larger flowers,
sturdier growth, and earlier bloom. Every
amateur knows that the one essential thing
in planting sweet peas is to get the seed
into the ground at the earliest possible
moment. How much better, then, to feel
comfortably settled in the knowledge that
the seed is already there, awaiting the
awakening warmth of spring!

Fall planting, in the cases that I noted
in one of the biggest sweet pea gardens
of the country, gave results this year which
left no room for further argument. You
prepare the ground exactly as for spring
planting; the only condition that has to
be watched for is to make the
planting late enough to permit
the seed to lie dormant all the
w-nter. The exact date for this
will depend on the locality. In
the Southern States toward
the end of October; in the
neighborhood of Philadelphia
in the last few days of Novem-
vember and the first few days
of December; in the latitude
of New York, sow about No-
vember 15th; and correspond-
ingly earlier a little farther
north. In the extreme North
probably fall planting is not
practicable.

A comparison of results that
I had before me during the
past season showed clearly
that the seed, after planting,
is to be covered lightly with
litter, before the snow comes.
‘The tops should not appear
above ground, the object in
view being to have the seed
just start to germinate before
frost comes. If the sowing.is
too early and the tops make
an appreciable growth before
the winter, the whole plant
will be killed and the ground
must be resown. This early
sowing of early varieties
should give flowers by the
middle of May, and from the
other types a couple of weeks
later. It is perfectly obvious
that seed that is already in
the ground to take advantage
of the first warm days of spring
will be making an appreciable
growth some time before the
ground would be in condition
to work for spring sowing.

But if it is inconvenient to
actually sow the seed now, by
all means prepare the soil for
spring sowing: trench it, two

to three feet deep, putting a layer of well
decayed stable manure about a foot down
and adding a dressing of bonemeal as the
trench is filled. In fillimg in the top
layer of soil let it remain as rough as pos-
sible for the action of frost and rain. The
sweet pea. does best when it works for a
living, so particular care must be taken
to thoroughly firm down light soils in the
spring before planting. A surface dress-
ing of newly slaked lime during the winter
is usually beneficial; it helps wonderfully
on well manured land. And anyhow, the
sweet pea isa lime lover. Make the trench
to receive the seed about four inches deep,
and use about one ounce of seed to fif-
teen feet of row.

The best kind of brush is hazel. Brush

The modern type of sweet pea which, with its larger flower with waved standard,
has given a new vogue to this popular annual

178

of any sort is better for the spread of the |
vines than any substitute support such
as wire, or netting, or string; but whatever
your support is to be, get it set up before
the vines are up, for they will be all the
better for climbing the moment they are
long enough to do so.

It was with surprise that I noticed so
many amateurs last year still, growing
the old-fashioned or grandiflora type of
sweet pea; it is surpassed in magnifi-
cence of form by the new ‘Spencer”
type, with its beautifully » waved . stand-
ard. ‘The Spencer type;is more expensive
because the seed is, not so freely produced
as in the old form, but “the improved d form
of the flower. makes, it:far more useful
for decoration, ‘and practically all’ the

colors of the old type are now
‘available in the Spencer or, as
they are sometimes called, “or-
chid:flowered ” forms. These
giant flowers are not merely
larger strains; they represent a
natural, though sudden, devel-
opment in the species itself.
The original appearance of the
giant flower was in an Eng-
lish garden— Althorp Park,
Northampton, the home of the
Countess Spencer, in 1900. Mr.
Cole, the gardener, named his
discovery after the Countess,
and was under the belief that
he had a new cross. The curi-
ous coincidence that the same
type of flower appeared simul-
taneously in two other places
the same season (one of these
being identical with Mr. Cole’s
flower) leads to an entirely
different conclusion — rather
that we have an instance of
De Vries “mutants.” In the
ten years that have elapsed,
half a hundred Spencer forms
have been introduced. There
is some confusion among them
owing to the unsettled or sport-
ing tendency of the entire race.
It has not yet come into its
own. Practically all the lead-
ing varieties in grandiflora
type are duplicated in Spencer
forms,and a numberof entirely
new colorings have appeared.
The day is probably not far
distant when the old popular
grandiflora type with its flat
standard will have passed from
cultivation in progressive gar-
dens, and with the advent of
its successor Comes a new era
of popularity in this most lux-
uriant and most varied of our
hardy annual flowers. And it
is a profuse bloomer, tco.

NovemeBer, 1910

(Epitor’s Note.—We want to know how suc-
cessful workers do things—<in order to put actual
experiences before our thousands of readers in all
parts of the country. Every reader is invited to con-
tribute a short note on some interesting experience.
Just state the facts about some ingenious idea that you
have actually worked out yourself or have seen.)

I have discovered a use for paper bags
in my garden. When I bought small
snapdragon and geranium plants late in
June, to fill up the gaps where my seeds
had failed, I needed something taller
than an ordinary flower pot to cover them
for a day or two after transplanting. So
I gathered up the bags in which came
groceries, and when anchored by a stake
stuck upright through one side and pushed
well into the ground, they proved a per-
fect protection from the sun. —M. F. B.

Last fall I secured a dozen bulbs of
Harrisii lily from our local florist, and after
planting five in the garden, I put a few in
a box for forcing in the house. Three
bulbs remained unplanted, because of a
pressure of other matters, and it was not
until late in November or December that
they were given much-delayed attention.
One of them grew for a time, but as the
others did not appear, the box was set
outdoors in a shady place this spring and
left there. In July I noticed two green
shoots appearing through the earth, and
on examination found my neglected bulbs
had decided to grow. By the middle
of August the stocks are nearly a foot
high, both have buds, and there is every
evidence that they will bloom satisfactorily.
Aside from a little water once or twice a
week, or what moisture they may have had
from recent rains, nothing has been done to
them. I have tried a number of different
lilies, but these have given better returns
than any. The five planted in the ground
last fall bore fourteen beautiful flowers. Of
the first lot, which I attempted to force,
one bulb only rewarded me witha flower —
all the others blighted.—E. C. B.

Every gardener hates to see the lemon
verbena blacken with the early frosts,
and perish with the first cold of winter.
Such grief easily can be avoided by follow-
ing the good old geranium rule that some
country folk still abide by. In other words,
dig up the plant in the fall, shake the earth
off the roots, and hang it up in the cellar
through the winter. Treated in this way
the lemon verbena, despite the necessary

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

spring pruning, becomes in a few years
a good-sized shrub, and therefore a hand-
somer garden plant; for the foliage is
handsome as well as fragrant. — H. S. A.

As a matter of interest showing unusual
rapidity of growth, I mention the fact
that my Teas’ weeping mulberry, grafted,
about nine feet high, and now having a
head some sixteen to eighteen feet high
and twelve or more wide, has made nu-
merous drooping branches eight to ten feet
long, one being now ten feet five inches,
and promising to reach nearly if not quite
twelve feet. The early frosts injured
some of the growth, and the head was cut
in some, but not severely. —W.C. E. .

Cats should never be allowed in the
garden, unless they are planted three feet
underground. If they don’t kill the
birds, they frighten them away, which
is just as bad from the garden economy
point of view. One gardener for.spleas-
ute believes that he owes his immunity
from insect pests to the fact that~ the
purple grackles, robins, song sparrows
and chipping sparrows have, in the ab-
sence of the once honored cat, the free
range of the perennial and shrubbery
borders. All four birds, as well as the
English sparrow, nest year after year
within from ten to forty feet of some part
of the borders and, now and then, the
bluebird, rose-breasted grosbeak, flicker
and yellow-throated vireo have set up
housekeeping no farther away. — B. G.

A view of the vegetable gardens in the
vicinity of my home has convinced me
of the fact that truckers and private
gardeners are not particular enough in
regard to the destruction of plants or
portions of plants that furnish food for
insects. This is especially noticeable and
pernicious in regard to cabbages. After
cutting cabbages, the stalks are left stand-
ing and are fruitful breeding-places for the
cabbage butterfly; also cabbages that are
not likely to mature are left until stalks
are cleared away. Some might argue
that these furnish a lure to the butterfly,
and assist in keeping it away from the
good plants. This might be in a measure
true, but this slight good is more than bal-

‘anced by the evil that results from the

breeding of millions. Let us destroy all we
can by correcting this neglect, and at the
same time keep vigilantly after the insects
that attack the good ones. — H. A. S.

Amateur gardeners, even after years of
experience, often forget whether a certain
flower is an annual or a perennial. Some
seedsmen print on each packet both the
common and botanical names, whether
the plant is tender or hardy, and how high
it may be expected to grow. Others
simply print. a name on the packet, with
stereotyped directions for planting. If
seedsmen were to put seeds of annuals
in white packets, perennials in pink, and
biennials in blue, how easy to sort them

179

without taking the time to read each
label! Also, why don’t they indicate the
tender or hardy nature of the plant, and
its season of bloom, by some special tint
or printed device? Would it not be
feasible to have the following printed on
every packet: 1. Common and botanical
names; 2. Character and degree of hardi-
ness; 3. Season of bloom; 4. Color of
flower; 5. Height of plant? Such informa-
tion is essential at the moment of planting.

=== (Ge Jel, 10

I wonder why, in ordinary gardens, one
never sees the campernelle type of jonquil. It
is the cheapest of all the bulbs and is surely
one of the best, with its delicate, abundant
bloom, and delicious fragrance. It is so
little known that I have never yet shown
it to any one who could tell me what it
was. It does well also in the window-garden,
though not as secure from failure as the
Paper White narcissus.—L. A. S.

The town where I live is a difficult
place in which to get stable manure, un-
less I buy it by car-load, which is alto-
gether too much for my small garden,
as-I have no place to store it. Therefore,
I manured one-half of my garden last year
with pulverized sheep manure. The vege-
tables have been quite as fine as those on
which horse manure and a little fertilizer
had been used, and in addition to that
I noticed that there were no cutworms.
Wherever I put the horse manure, cut-
worms were in abundance. — W. J. Y.

For the past two autumns I have planted
certain annuals and biennials, such as
snapdragon, stock, foxglove, and Canter-
bury bell, in my coldframe during the
early part of October. The coldframe is
nailed up to prevent any curious person
from opening it. In the spring I find
strong, healthy plants. The snapdragon
grows to be as tall as plants grown in
greenhouses, and the stock, which I have
never been successful with when planted
in the spring, flowers all summer. Of
course the little plants are transplanted
outdoors in May. — W. H. H.

Some of the tulips show a distinct
tendency to race suicide, but others are
of a very different mind. The beautiful
Darwin, Isis, sometimes has as many
as four blooms on one stalk; I have seen
one large and three small blossoms from
one bulb of the cottage tulip, Caledonia;
but the most startling productivity is
in the case of the early Mrs. Cleveland.
On each stalk, from three to five inches
above the planted bulb, appears a rapidly
developing new bulb, which attains almost
the diameter of an inch in a single season;
each bulb planted sends up alongside the
large blossom several small blooms, and
the old bulb breaks into from three to
five new ones. The tulip is evidently
improperly named; it should be the Presi-
dent Roosevelt. These peculiarities held
true in all of 250 bulbs. — W. F. H.

Potting and Repotting Plants

12 IS not necessary to buy plants each

fall for the classroom. Even though
the school garden affords little material
for the potting of plants, neighborhood
house-gardens are usually open to school
people. Then, too, use the park board
gardens. Every fall there is material
thrown aside in these gardens which might
better be handed over to the schools.

First to be considered in potting is a
good soil. One may use garden loam
if it has considerable humus or vegetable
matter in it. If not, try making your
own soil mixture. For this use equal
parts of rotted sod, leaf mold, well decayed
horse manure and sand.

If the sod is well rotted it will contain
no large pieces of sod matter. If it is
coarse, sift through one of those sieves
the boys have made.

Pot according to the following directions:
First place a bit of curved pot or shell over
the drainage hole in the pot. This leaves
free drainage through the hole, but does
not clog it up as a bit of stone might do.
Next put in small stones or bits of pot.
There should be 34 in. to 2 in. of this
material according to the size of the pot.

Place a layer of the coarse siftings over
this and then the fine soil. The coarser
soil keeps the finer from settling down
too low in the pot.

In taking up a plant to pot, be sure to
take up all the roots and some soil with
them. If the weather is dry, water the
soil about the plant before lifting it.
Watered about nine in the morning, plants
are ready to be taken up about three in
the afternoon.

Hold the plant in the pot so that the
roots lie naturally. Throw in a little
soil at a time with the hand. Work the
plant up and down a bit, filling in soil as
you do this. Thus the potting will be
firmly done. Do not place soil clear up
to the top of the pot. Always leave at
least one-half inch space for watering.
For if the soil is too near the top, watering
becomes a dirty, messy piece of work.

Finally put the soil firmly about the
stalk of the plant. One should be able
to lift up the plant, pot and all, by the

plant stem without disturbing the plant

at all.

NOVEMBER WOULD SEEM TO BE A
MONTH IN WHICH TO LET THE GAR-

DEN REST—BUT THINK OF THE
HOUSE PLANTS, THE WINDOW BOX
AND EVEN BELATED BULB WORK!
SO GARDENING IS FOR ALL SEASONS

Conducted by
ELLEN EDDY SHAW

New York

Do not make the mistake of using too
large pots. Most people do. Go to the
florist’s shop and notice the relation of
size of plant to size of pot. Almost all
one can say is this: do not have a top-
heavy effect. And, again, the pot should
not be so large that it looks as if it were
swallowing the small plant.

How can one tell when a plant needs
repotting? One way is to tip the pot
upside down to see if the roots are poking
through and out of the bottom of the pot.
But this is not quite test enough, for one
should be certain that the roots are simply
filling the pot and cannot endure con-
ditions longer before repotting. Now,
roots will poke through the drainage
hole before this condition is reached.
But if the roots are poking up through the
top soil just doubling on themselves,
then repotting time is at hand.

Always repot a plant into a jar one
size only larger that the pot it isin. Many
people put a plant into too large a pot
and wonder why the plant does not do
well. All potted plants are in restricted
quarters when compared with outside
conditions. So keep them cramped and
their strength goes to top growth as one
wishes.

To remove a plant from its pot invert
it with one hand holding it. Lightly
hold the plant stalk between the thumb

First put in plenty of drainage, then hold the
plant in position and fill in the soil

180

and index finger. This leaves the palm
space for the soil to rest on. Now strike
the bottom and sides of the pot with a
trowel. The plant with ball of earth
and roots should slip easily out of the pot.

If the roots hold entangled within their
clasp, bits of the old drainage material
remove these. This will leave a space
in the root area which should be filled in
with good soil before repotting.

Do not get a mania for repotting. Do
this only if it is necessary.

The Window Box

(eG or lack of it, is the bug-
aboo of the window box. If the
school window box and all others could
have perfect drainage, the results would
take care of themselves.

In every square foot of space on the
bottom of the box, plan to bore six drain-
age holes. Does that seem too many?
It is not.

Put curved pieces of old flower pot over
the holes. Then fill in two inches of
drainage material, such as stone, bits of
pot and shell. Pieces of charcoal dropped
here and there along this layer help sweeten
the soil mass above. Few of us have the
florists’ sphagnum moss, which might well
come next. But a layer of straw or thin
sod might go on in place of this, and then
the soil. The potting soil suggested in
another article is an equally good one
for window-box work.

It is wise to start the window box early
in the fall, and leave it outdoors awhile.
Thus the plants get quite at home in
their new cramped quarters before they
have the second shock of the classroom
atmosphere.

Of course, when the matter of plants to
go in the window box arises, every one
votes first, last, and always for geraniums.
Why shouldn’t we? The geranium stands.
more abuse than any other plant. And
under the worst of conditions it cheer-
fully blossoms. Fuchsias, begonias, candy-
tuft and alyssum, flowering maple or
abutilon, dracaena, and the cocos palm all
do well in the window box. Wandering
Jew and vincas look well trailing over
the edge of the box. English ivy may be
trained up the side of a window, for instance.

Perhaps the best begonias for sunless.

mae

Aim ee Giies ae

ee Oe ee ee

NovEMBER, 1910

windows are the following: coral, semper-
florens, metallica and sanguinea.

Window boxes need just good human
sort of treatment. Do not drown them
out or starve them either. During the
winter it is well to water once a week
window boxes, bulbs, and potted plants
with liquid manure or plant food.

Ferns and Palms

ae MOST school buildings and homes
these two kinds of plants hold chief
place. This doubtless is because they,
too, stand lack of attention. Most peo-
ple keep them waterlogged because
supposedly they are accustomed to and
need lots of water. We must keep in
mind that while ferns for instance are
found outdoors in very damp spots, they
are not in places undrained and choked
off from air. So the jardiniere half full
of water does not quite represent the real
environment of the fern.

Going on with the fern there are a few
points to hold in mind. Do not permit
the room temperature to fall below 55
degrees. Neither should it rise above
70 degrees. Direct sunlight injures the
delicate fronds of ferns. A north window
where there is light without direct sun-
shine is the right fern place. Keep the
leaves clean by spraying with clear water
on bright days. If bugs appear, spray
weekly with tobacco water. This solu-
tion should be very weak.

The best varieties to grow are the sword,
Boston, holly, and maidenhair. Use spider
ferns for the fern dish.

Palms require great quantities of water,
even temperatures, little direct sunlight,
and daily sponging of the leaves. A
sponge dampened in clean water is the
best thing to use for this purpose. The
most popular and easiest-to-grow palms
are the following: Cocos Weddelliana, date
palm, kentia, and the arcea.

If possible, take out the drainage material from the
root mass before repotting

GARDEN

THE

Decorating with vines was the home garden work
of a little Massachusetts girl

Department Notices

y NES the material, photographs, written matter

and specimens for the garden contest,
should be in by October 31. Everything should
be sent in as simply prepared as possible. We
wish especially to know the amount of land you
have used, cost of seed, care of the garden, amount
of product and what you have made in dollars
and cents.

But do not delay too long. It takes some time
to settle up accounts here. We like to send out
our prizes as Christmas gifts. A set of books
is not such a bad thing to receive on Christmas
Day.

Speaking of Christmas, makes one think of what
to buy. The next magazine will suggest gifts
suitable for young gardeners to give and splendid
for them to receive.

A list of the best garden books is available
at any time by writing to this department.

After the Christmas number, the following
numbers of the magazine will contain a series
of experiments. These experiments are for school
work or for the boys and girls to perform at home.
The object of this is to enable children to garden
with a better understanding of the soil. To prepare
for the work get in a supply of garden soil as
suggested in the reminder, some gravel, sand,
clay and leaf mold from the woods. This work
will fit nicely into winter evenings, and stormy
Saturdays.

Just notice the picture of a little girl’s bit of
decorative gardening.

A good deal had been said in the public schools
of North Andover, Massachusetts, about decorat-
ing the home grounds. The improvement society
there and the superintendent of schools believed
that the home gardening end was vitally important.
So everyone campaigned.

This small girl owned a house. It was, to be
sure, a playhouse. But she reasoned that if big
folks’ houses and grounds needed decorations,
little people’s playhouses did too. So she planted
quick-growing vines.

Somehow it seems as if she caught the true
spirit of things.

What do your children say to a Junior Garden
Association? An association which should be
for the beautiful side of gardening as well as the
useful. I would like to hear from you concerning
it. I believe we could do wonders. What do you
think? Just think out loud to me on paper con-
cerning this.

Things to be Attended to

Ace let me suggest to you to read over the
reminder on the first page of this number.
It will add to the number of suggestions given
below:
(x) All old straggly geraniums should be
slipped. From the largest ones a dozen cuttings
may be made.

MAGAZINE 18]

(2) If you live in a bayberry section pick the
berries before frost. Frost injures them.

(3) Ageratum, petunia, heliotrope and English
daisy may be taken up from the garden for indoor
house plants.

(4) Canna bulbs, dahlias and other bulbous
plants should be cut down after the first light
frost. Dry the bulbs well and store in cellar free
from dampness.

(5) With a little care the flowers in the school
garden may be saved until the heavy frosts
come. Use these flowers freely for class-room
decorations.

(6) All seeds which are being saved from the
garden should be thoroughly dried before packing
away. Use tin boxes to store in.

(7) Hand oversome of the corn and pumpkin
to the kindergarten to help in Hallowe’en decora-
tions.

(8) A study of the weeds, which have grown
up in the garden, is good work for third and
fourth grades. Seeds of weeds placed in bottles
keep far better than when stuck on paste-board
mounts.

(9) The Department of Agriculture publishes
several pamphlets on weeds. Send for these to
use in the class work.

(10) Remember that vegetables, now green
on the vines, will ripen on a sunny window-sill.

(11) As old vegetable matter is pulled up in
the garden burn it right there.

(12) If the school garden is small, it may be
spaded up as soon as everything is out. Spade
barnyard dressing in with it. Leave the soil in
lumps for better weathering.

(13) That little strawberry bed which some
of you started, should be covered with two inches
of hay.

(14) Have a pile of leaves with which to cover
the bulb bed. Do the covering after there is
an inch of frost in the ground.

(15) Clean up all the garden tools. Lay aside
the broken ones to mend during the winter.

(16) Keep a bulb diary. That is, keep ac-
count of the date you planted the bulbs, the number
of pots, color of bulbs used in each, etc. Then
later add the date the bulbs were brought to light,
and date of blossoming. This will be a help next

ear.
y (17) Before frost bring a big box or barrel of
soil into the cellar. Then you are ready for in-
door planting work all winter.

(18) A box of small stones will be useful for
the water-planting of bulbs. Get these inside too.

A straggly old geranium like this one should furnish
twelve good cuttings

Keeping Celery Over Winter

{pee most important work to be done in Novem-

ber is storing the celery crop for the winter.
There are several important points to be remem-
bered. First of all it must be kept from freezing,
and free from excessive moisture; both will cause
it to rot. On the other hand it must not be kept
too dry or too warm, or it will get tough and stringy
and lose that rich nutty flavor. It should go in
the trenches with the roots in a fairly moist con-
dition;.and: the stalks dry.

I have tried storing celery in almost every con-
ceivable way—have stored in cellars; have
built low-shed roofs where protection could be
afforded from the weather, yet a low temperature
maintained by means of ventilation; I have left
it in the trenches where it was growing and have
covered with dirt, leaves and litter. But where
a lot of celery is grown for winter use I prefer
putting it in outside trenches. I make one trench
large enough to accommodate the entire crop —

Litter piled on top
of mound of earth

Celery: covered for the winter.

I usually grow from five to six thousand heads —
and cover the celery with dirt and later with leaves
and litter.

A trench is staked out about ten feet wide, as
long as desired, and about eighteen inches deep,
the soil being thrown to one side until needed again.
I then lift the plants with a ball of earth. Some
growers shake the celery so as to remove the dirt;
this may be all right when the crop is grown on a
large scale for market, and quantity and not
quality is the maxim. If you want the best celery,
leave the soil on the roots, and if it is moist it
will supply the celery with what little moisture
is required in the trench. Pack the plants in the
trench one row at a time, and just far enough
apart so that they don’t touch each other.
Then if: one head rots it won’t spoil the adjoin-
ing ones. Cover the row with enough soil to
prevent the next row from coming in contact
with it.. The soil used for covering should be
moderately dry. :

After throwing the-soil on the row, firm it slightly
with the foot, place another row in position, and
soon until it has all been stored. Sprinkle the soil
over the plants on top, and give it an opportunity
to work its way down among the stalks. Don’t
throw it on, but fill the shovel and hold it over
the celery, rocking it from side to side so that
no stalks will be broken. Don’t forget that the
plants’should be perfectly dry. Do not do this
work in the morning, but let it go until noon so
that any moisture that has gathered in the hearts
over night may dry out. If the plants were to
be stored in a cellar a little moisture wouldn’t be

THE

narmful, but even then if there is any present in
the heart it is liable to start decay.

After the trenches are covered with soil, about
a foot of leaves or rough litter is added, which in
turn is covered with about four inches of soil.
The leaves or litter form an air space through
which it is hard for frost to penetrate. The celery
will keep just as well if enough dirt is piled on top
to prevent freezing, but it would necessitate
considerable digging when-the celery is wanted
for use. By using a course or two of leaves or
salt hay or anything of that nature that will not
pack solid, frost will be kept out just as well. The
trench should be mounded up in the centre so
that all moisture will drain off.

For a very small garden, where but a few heads
are grown and which are usually disposed of by
the middle of January or thereabouts, I would
advise covering the celery in the trenches where
it is grown. This saves the trouble of lifting and
storing the plants, and the celery keeps better
than if kept by any other method; but, asI said
before, it is very troublesome to get out of the
trenches when you need it. For small gardens,
where but a few heads are required at a time,
this is not much of a consideration. Cover the
plants to the top with earth and cover liberally
with litter or leaves, throwing a little soil on top
to keep the leaves from blowing away. This
will be found sufficient for any ordinary weather,
but if real winter sets in and you still have celery
in the ground, don’t hesitate to use more litter.
The frost must be kept away. But with all
possible care a few heads will get frozen. Don’t
throw them away, but plunge them in cold water
out-of-doors and if they are not frozen too badly
‘this will thaw them out and make them fit for
use. Don’t put frozen celery in the sun; in ten
minutes it will look and taste Jike a wet rag.

MULCHING STRAWBERRIES

Now is the time to cover your strawberry bed
for the winter. After the ground freezes mulch
with a few inches of well-rotted manure. The
plants will get the benefit from it, for the winter
rains will wash the fertilizing qualities into the
ground, and the roots will devour it in early spring.
In placing your mulch always keep it away from
the crown of the plant as it causes decay if it gets
in there. After the mulch has been applied,
cover the bed lightly with an inch or two of salt
hay or straw. If this is put in too heavily it will
pound down the plants and make them suffer for
lack of air. Lay a few light twigs on top to keep
the straw from blowing around. Bean poles are
too heavy; use pea-brush.

Most gardens have a fruit border either in or
adjoining the garden. Mulch this at the same
time, using good manure and putting on about
four inches.

Any bare ground can be trenched now for
the winter; this will do more to rid the soil of
cutworms and other pests than all the various
things recommended for doing it in spring. By
waiting until now you catch the worms before
they have an opportunity of going deeper, as they

GARDEN MAGAZINE

NOVEMBER, 1910

are asleep for the winter. Make the trenches
about two feet apart and two feet deep. Or else
plow the ground well, using a subsoil plow so as
to loosen the ground as deep as possible. Trench-

ing, however, is preferable.
W. C. McCortom.

Long Island.
A ‘‘Don’t’’ for Gardeners

ON’T hesitate to ask a friend for plants and

seeds, of which it is plain to see that he

or she has ‘enough to give away”; the miserly
gardener is the exception.

On the other hand go slow, dead slow, about

asking friends to remember you, when they “sepa-

save the seed”

3

rate” such and such a plant, or

A strawberry bed mulched for the winter, the hay
having been lifted in front to show the depth of
the mulch

of some other. Ten to one, if you had the plain,
ordinary gumption of your friend, those very same
plants would be in your garden.

So, as a rule, don’t tax your friend’s generosity,
patience and memory in such circumstances.
Put the names down in your garden note-book,
and, when the proper time comes, order the plants
and seeds from a good house, just as your friend
has had the forethought to do. Why bother
some one else, and perhaps wait for years, for a
“piece” of fraxinella when you can buy a good
plant for fifteen cents; or for potential seed of
platycodon, that takes time and thought to gather,
preserve and, the chances are, deliver as well,
when a whole package is yours for a nickel.

Getting plants of sentiment is one thing; but
don’t make your own garden a garden of other
people’s inconvenience.

New York. H. S. A.

Storing celery in an outside trench to be later covered with earth and litter.

Leave a little soil on the
roots and be sure the plants are perfectly dry before storing

:
;

OY RAR RR NE re CG ARN Ci ie a gc eRe)

a mn

ee

—

NovemBer, 1910

Making More Geraniums

SORRTING geraniums from cuttings is a very
simple process. The plants that were
taken up in the fall can be made to give a large
increase in the hands of any amateur. Of course
you kept them in a cool place, providing no more
water than was absolutely necessary to keep
them from wilting. This rest is to last for about
a month; then bring the plants into vigorous
growth by the aid of sunlight, warmth, and a
bountiful supply of water. But, remember, never
Overwater a geranium. This matter of resting
is not absolutely necessary, and may at first
appear a bit of needless trouble, but somehow
or other a rested plant is more thrifty than one
that has been pushed right along. In my own
experience, plants set aside and neglected have
made better growth after being cared for than

' plants that had been diligently attended to all

along.

This treatment should bring your plants into
condition for cutting some time toward the end
of January or even in December. February is

‘not a bad month in which to root geraniums for

summer bedding stock; in fact, geranium cuttings
can be rooted at any time of the year. However,
it must be borne in mind that between the different
sections of our country there is a wide range of
climatic conditions. Here in North Dakota we
do not expect to set out bedding stock much be-
fore the first of June.

A plant that is to produce cuttings had better —

not be permitted to bloom so that all its energies
may be centered upon wood and leaf growth,
Where there is an abundance of material from which
to cut it will perhaps not be necessary to remove
the flower buds. The cutting or slip is to be
taken from the end of a branch, while its length,
which may be anywhere from one to four inches,
will be largely determined by one of two factors;
either the cutting consists of a young branch,
in which case the entire shoot is taken down to
the main stem from which it grows, irrespective
of length, for it will never be over four inches;
or the cutting consists of the growing portion at
the end of a main branch, in which instance the
cut severing the slip should be made no further
down than where the young green wood extends.
Slips should always be severed with a square,
clean cut and never bruised.

After the cutting has
been made it becomes
necessary to remove all
but one leaf so as to
reduce evaporation as
much as possible. It
may also become neces-
sary to cut a large leaf
in two, but no harm will
result. Thecuttings
ought to be placed in
the propagating bench
as soon as made and
not be exposed to the
wilting effects of dry
air and sunlight.

To root the cuttings,
sand, sunlight, warmth,
and water are needed.
Any shallow box about Position of thumb
three to four inches and finger indicates
deep will serve the pur- Where cut is to be
pose to hold the sand. made

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Directions for making a serviceable propagating
box may be found in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
for December, 1909. In the absence of a
greenhouse it will certainly not be a difficult
matter to find a warm sunny window that will
accommodate such a box. The sand must be
kept wet at all times, but is never to be water
sogged. Into this the cuttings are to be pressed
fully half their length, being spaced about one
and one-half inches apart — just far enough to
prevent their leaves from overlapping. Not only
is the sand to be kept moist, but an occasional
sprinkling will benefit the cuttings. The first
week or two the cuttings must be shaded during
the warmest part of the day —from ten in the

Hard-wood cuttings do not take root as readily
as do green-wood cuttings

morning until about four in the afternoon. Merely
covering them with a sheet of newspaper will
answer. In approximately four weeks the cut-
tings can be potted, depending somewhat upon
the amount of heat they have received. They are
ready for the soil as soon as one or more small
filamentous roots have developed which can only
be ascertained by taking up a cutting.

For the first potting I prefer a soil rather sandy
than otherwise. The approved method is to set
them first into so-called thumb pots, and then
transplant several times into successively larger
pots as growth increases. For house culture, how-
ever, the rooted cuttings may be planted directly
into boxes about five inches deep, filled with rich
loose earth, and after they have had an oppor-
tunity to get a root hold on the soil and have made
a fair amount of leaf growth they can be set aside
in some cool, airy place until wanted for spring
planting. The cuttings may be left in the sand
considerably longer than is actually required
for root formation without any harm resulting.
Some of my-cuttings this year remained in the sand
for three months, and they grew apparently as
well as if they had been in soil. However, in such
a case transplanting is apt to give them a slight
setback, and it becomes imperative that about
half the leaves be removed as well as the roots
slightly cut back when such cuttings are placed
in soil.

After the cuttings have been planted they will
generally wilt some, but this need not alarm the
novice as they will straighten up in a few days
with careful watering. The longer the cuttings

Cutting ready for the
propagating bench.
to reduce evaporation Note the square cut

Remove all leaves ex-
cept one at the top soas

as much as possible that has been made

183

Cuttings taken from young green wood make a
rapid growth

remain in the sand the more will they tend to
wilt after transplanting.

It is advisable to take only the young green
wood for propagation, yet when there is not enough
of this to furnish a sufficient number of new plants
some of the older and harder wood may also be
used, although it will not grow and take root
as readily as the younger wood.

In this work there is little probability of a mis-
hap, though rarely black rot, a bacterial disease,
may get into the sand. This trouble shows itself
by the blackening and rotting of the cut end of
the slips which, of course, renders them worthless.
Sand once infected will rot every cutting put into
it and new clean sand must be procured. If this
trouble be observed in time, then with new sand
and the cutting away of the blackened portion,
the slip may be used over again. The geranium
affords one of the best materials with which to
gain a practical knowledge of plant propagation
by means of cuttings, for nothing will root quite
as easily.

North Dakota. C. L. MELLER.

Increasing Plants by Root
Cuttings

12 YOU have a greenhouse, and wish to greatly

multiply your plants of phlox, Japanese
anemone, and Oriental poppies, it can be done
most easily by root cuttings. Lift the plants
from the garden in late November, take them to
the potting-shed, shake off the earth, and with a
sharp knife cut the healthy younger roots into
pieces about an inch long. Fill flats with prepared
potting soil as for seedlings, and sow the cuttings
thickly on the surface, afterwards covering with
a half-inch of soil. They may then be watered
and placed in the greenhouse, where in due time
each little piece of root will sprout.

In March, when the box is a mass of little green
shoots, they may be pricked out like seedlings,
potted in 2-inch pots, and, if the weather is warm
enough, put in coldframes to harden off before
planting outside, where they are to bloom. It
is possible in this way to raise from one good
garden clump a couple
of hundred plants,
taking up a space of
but 12x24 in. in the
greenhouse.

Oriental poppies are
somewhat more difficult
to handle than phlox
and anemones, it being
necessary to slice the
parsnip-like root into
pieces about an inch
long by half an inch
thick. Put each one
in a pot, taking care to
have what was the top
of the original root near-
est the surface, as it is
from that end that the
new buds and shoots
are produced.

SypNEy B. MirTcHett.

California.

Cutting ready for
potting with too many
leaves. Remove half
the number

te

Pruning, Planting, and Getting
Ready for Winter

VW the crops are all harvested, there is still

plenty of work to be done in the orchard.
Planting new trees may be attended to after the
leaves fall- and until the ground freezes; but, for
most fruits, I do not advise fall planting except
south of New York, though it may be done
as a matter of convenience. In the Southern
States, where the conditions are different, fall
planting can be made successful; but in the North,
the main difficulty is heaving. The roots do not
have sufficient time to grow large enough to hold
the tree or plant in place, and freezing and thawing
may throw them out. This can be prevented to
a certain extent by placing a mound of earth,
or heavy mulch, close around the trees after
planting. Hardy trees, adapted to the climate,
if well planted in late fall, generally go through
the winter successfully.

Raspberries and blackberries are best planted
in the fall just as soon as the leaves are off, but
be sure to plant them in well drained soil that does
not heave very much by freezing and thawing.
Strawberries can be quite successfully planted
in October and November, if the bed is heavily
mulched after planting. When bedded and not
potted plants are used, it is a waste of material to
plant earlier, for only part of the plants will be well
rooted. However, in a cold climate, there are good
reasons for doing nearly all transplanting in the
spring, and the fruit grower can find plenty of
other work that needs to be done in the fall.

The best time and the only right time to prune
grapes is in the late fall and early winter. When
the crop is harvested begin to prune, having some
general plan or system in mind. Some modifica-
tion of the Kniffin system is good for a general plan.

In the family vineyard I do not prune as closely
as do some commercial growers; I like considerable
foliage, because the more leaves on the vines the
greater the feeding surface, the larger the growth
of cane, and the larger the crops. I put up three
wires on the posts, the first two feet from the
ground and the others about two feet apart. I
carry the main stem to the top wire, where it is
headed T-shaped, and laterals are also trained
along the lower wires. After the three vines are
established on the wires, I prune by cutting off
the season’s growth of wood to form spurs. The
cut is made a few inches from the main vine
established on the wires. It must be understood
that fruit grows only on the new wood, and a
sufficient number of spurs should be left to pro-
duce wood for next year. Some varieties require
closer pruning than others.

When pruning grapes in the fall, the strongest,
healthiest wood of the same year’s growth can be
selected for propagation. Cut so as to leave two
or three eyes on each piece. Pack these in a box
of soil and keep in the cellar until spring when
they may be set out in a propagating bed.

During November the tender varieties of cane
and vine fruits, should be layered and covered
with soil. Raspberries are the most easily bent
down and covered. Do not pinch back at any
time in the summer, but allow the vines to grow
naturally, then dig away the soil on one side,
bend the cane carefully down to the ground and
cover with a few inches of soil. In Delaware
Co., N. Y., I have found that Cuthbert and Marl-
borough raspberries are not entirely hardy on low
rich soil and do not always go through the winter

without injury. I also lay down the vines of
Niagara grapes because they sometimes winter-kill.
People who are trying to grow semi-hardy fruits,
like peaches and apricots, where the climate is
too cold for them should protect them in some way,
especially if they are growing on low ground.
About the best way I know of to winter peaches
in this locality is to train them against the side
of a building, cover the branches with a thin layer
of straw and tack burlap over the straw. Tender
trees on trellises can be protected in the same way.
It will reduce the labor next spring if all the
weeds are pulled out of the strawberry bed in the
late fall, before the ground freezes. The best time
to mulch the strawberry bed is when the ground
first freezes, although it can be done whenever
growth has stopped, if the ground is firm enough
to drive on. Probably the ideal mulching mate-
rial is cut rye, wheat, oat, or buckwheat straw,
although uncut straw does very well. Strawy
manure — that from the horse stable is best —
may be used, and is desirable if the soil lacks
fertility, but it generally seeds the soil to weeds
and grass, which makes it difficult to run the bed
another year. One can generally use what is
most available for mulching — leaves held down
by branches or corn stalks, refuse vines from the
garden, evergreen branches. Use anything that
will prevent the ground from thawing and freez-
ing in the spring, and throwing out the plants,
and also will retain moisture in summer, for these
are the two main reasons for mulching strawberries.
If one prefers to prune fruit trees before cold
weather, when it can be done more comfortably,
begin with the apple trees as soon as the fruit is
harvested and the leaves have fallen.
Currant bushes that need pruning should be
pruned ir the late fall; and for the small garden,

A screen of tin, such as this, protects a tree against
rabbits, field mice, and also borers

184

it is well to prune to the tree form. This should
have been planned for when the bush was planted.
When pruning for the tree form, cut off all but the
strongest stem, then let this grow naturally,
cutting off only side branches, when too close
together, in a way that makes a well balanced
and symmetrical tree. One reason for pruning
currants in the fall, is that the young wood that
is cut off can be used for propagating if preserved
until spring, in the same way as grape cuttings.
Gooseberries can be pruned in the same way,
but as they are not so easily propagated by cut-
tings as the grape and currant, the amateur may
fail with them. Gooseberries are most easily
propagated by layering; therefore gooseberries,
may be pruned whenever the wood is dormant.
More, but smaller, fruit will be obtained by letting
both currants and gooseberries grow naturally
in the bush form.

New York W. H. JENKINS.

Protecting Trees From Rabbits

M* FIRST experience in protecting trees from

borers, rabbits, field mice, etc., was with
a planting of ten acres of young apple, peach and
pear trees. The trees were hardly established
before borers were at work, and digging them out
was about the only successful method of removing
them. In early winter rabbits began to gnaw
the tender bark and many of the apple trees were
girdled and thus destroyed. We immediately
began a campaign against the rabbits by shooting
and trapping them. Although the number killed
was large there was no apparent diminution in
the number, so we tried using washes, etc. Few
were really effective for any length of time. None
that I know of is so effective as to justify the labor
and expense of the frequent applications necessary.
Some washes commonly recommended are really
injurious to young trees.

The first thing that we tried that proved to be
of real lasting benefit was a wrapper of wire screen.
This was made by rolling a piece of wire screen
around a broom handle to shape it, and then plac-
ing it around the tree. This protected not only
against rabbits but also field-mice, which are so
often destructive when the snow lies deep. If
properly put on, the screen protectors effectively
prevent either mice or rabbits from reaching the
tree, unless the snow drifts about the tree suff-
ciently deep to render them ineffective.

After experimenting with protectors for a num-
ber of years, we at last hit on a plan that seemed
te discourage the borer as well as the mice and
rabbits. For the last two years we have used
tin—not new and expensive tin but old tin pro-
cured from roofs, etc. We cut it into strips the
proper size and place it about the tree in the
same manner as the screen protectors are put
on. The tin does not rust out in a year or two,
as does the screen, and has the added advantage
of protecting against the borers. The fact is
that the dark space between the tree and the
tin makes an ideal hiding place for spiders,
and I have yet to examine one in summer time
that has not been filled so full of spider webs
as to make it practically impossible for an adult
borer to get in there to lay her eggs. The tins
should be carefully put on, however, to prevent
injury to the growing trees, and be neither too
tight nor too loose. Canker worms and coddling
moths are likely to hibernate behind them if left
undisturbed for too long at a time.

FRANK C. PELLETT

oe ee —_ ~

139

RS 4 TN ACRE RT IAD Oa a

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—_
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=

GARDEN

ast 18,

2 ‘Ne wall

LEE

NOvEMBER, 1910

"186

Do you intend to build a poultry house?
Write to the Readers’ Service

“It’s

Food with
the Ocean
Taste

Ocean to
Consumer

the Finest Fish I Ever Saw”

That is what everyone says of our

NABOB BRAND

A trial 4-lb. box, $1.00 (or a 5-lb. box for $1.20), delivered anywhere in
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Send for free book of recipes and. price list of Mackerel, Halibut, Lobster, Sardines
and all sorts of salt-water foods of the highest quality.

of Absolutely Boneless Georges

CODFISH

The fish from which this is made are caught by hand-

lines on Georges Bank, where the best and thickest
codfish are found. It is the finest selection of the catch,
cut into thick, white, flaky pieces, all bones removed,

and the fish is carefully packed in an improved hinge-
cover box lined with waxed paper.

You cannot get fish with flavor or quality
like this anywhere except from us.

By dealing with us, you insure freshness and high quality such as you can
secure in no other way. We send ‘‘From Ocean to Consumer’’ and absolutely
guarantee satisfaction.

CONSUMERS FISH COMPANY, 66 Commercial St., Gloucester, Mass.

standards.

(Ze SEE
Nae tp ae
\wes Y

Test

Best by

Chemically

TRY TO MAKE SOAP PASTE OF THE.

FLUFFED SOAP POWDERS BY PEAR-'..

LINE’S DIRECTIONS—SEE WHAT YOU’LL
GET

Grow Dwarf Apple Trees

Novel, but practical, and intensely interesting.
Easily cultivated, pruned and sprayed.

Require less room.
Bear fruit earlier than the

Make little shade, permitting other crops to be grown
between the rows.
in almost any shape.
alists alike find pleasure and profit growing dwarf apple trees.
garden or orchard is now complete without several of these wonder-.
fully productive trees.

VARIETIES : — Duchess of Oldenburg, yellow, striped red; Winter Maiden’s

Blush, red cheek; Bismarck, red, beautiful; Red Astrachan, crimson.

I also carry a complete line of Nursery Stock, Asparagus Roots, California
Privet, Strawberry Plants, etc.

a Prompt Shipment.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box T, Moorestown, N. J.

[Why Buy Wash Water?

May be trimmed and trained on wire to grow
Suburbanites, farmers ‘and amateur horticultur-
No

Send today for Illustrated Booklet, Free

@ It requres two or more table-
ane of the Big Packages of

Fluffy Soap Powder to do the work
of one tablespoonful of PEARLINE

~ WHY?

(qf Dry the powders by spreading
them thinly. in the sun or in a warm!
spot — leave for 24 hours — then
weigh them — you'll find the differ-

ence is in the bulk, not the weight.

1@ PEARLINE IS CONCEN-

RATED SOAP POWDER—
| THESE BIG PACKAGES ARE.

|FLUFFED SOAP. POWDERS.
PEARLINE IS BEST AND

SHEAPEST

THE G AR DENT MeATGsAC7 IGNe:

NovEMBER, 1910

| densest of all.

Money from Rhubarb

| eee greatest success in my garden during
the season of 1910 was the rhubarb patch.

When the house we live in was built forty years.
ago, its owner had his rhubarb bed, of the Linnaeus.
variety, planted on the south side of the 6-foot
board garden fence.

As the years went by, the rhubarb bed was not.
renewed, although it was lightly fertilized every
year. The rhubarb crop grew smaller and smaller,
and the family decided that the plants had “run
out.”

In the season of 1908, on some nearby land which
had not been worked in several years, I grew a good
crop of potatoes. In November of that year,
the ground was ploughed and furrowed. Then all
the old rhubarb roots were dug up and separated.
Some we found’ to be decayed, but I was able to
set out fifty good roots. They were set a foot
deep in the ground and four feet apart each way
in the furrows. The latter part of the month,
the ground was covered with three inches of well
decayed stable manure.

The following March another covering of
manure was applied, and that summer the plants
grew luxuriantly, but we did not pull any of it.

of tender, rhubarb.

Twenty-six pounds
picked on June 30th

crisp

That fall (1909), another covering of manure
was put on the bed. This past spring (1910), the
rhubarb appeared above ground before asparagus,
and we pulled the first on April 18.

The stalks were of good size, and so crisp that great -
care had to be taken to keep from breaking them
in the picking. The first day thirty-two pounds.
were pulled. We received at first five cents at
wholesale and seven “Gents at retail, the lowest
wholesale price, being’ three cents.

We had steady private custom for it up to the:
first of July. Im ll we pulled 356 pounds, part
of which we sold, and canned the remainder
for our own use.

The plants were kept from running to seed
by going over the patch once a week and cutting
out the seed stalk. It was prepared for market
by having the leaves cut off; it was cleaned, washed
well, weighed, and delivered loose in baskets.

Connecticut. Jutre Apams POWELL.

A Postscript on Yews

Sie writing the article on yews (page 171)
I have had a chance to go over the speci-
mens at the Arnold Arboretum again, and I wish
to make two important additions.
The Japanese yew is’ certainly better for
hedges than the American, because it grows
much faster, and because the leaves are twice
as long, so that the foliage effect is richer and
more massive. The American is better for woods
and rock gardens.

As bad luck will have it there is a third brevi-
folia and I beseech my reader’ patience, for it
may be the best of all, because it is certainly the
I saw this at the Arnold Arboretum
labelled Taxus cuspidata, var. brevifolia, but
cannot swear to its botanical status, since it is
too new a thing for Bailey’s Cyclopedia. Even
Dallimore does not mention it in his book “ Holly,
Yew and Box.” Iam glad to say that one nursery-
man has catalogued this in quantity, but whether
there will be any left now, I cannot tell.

New York W. M.

6) ee MOO, LE Ce AR i rae oe

—-

NovEMBER,

1910

THES GARDEN

The Readers’ Service.gives injor-

MAGAZINE

the sneeess of your win-
dows depends on
your Shades

Write to-day
for this book
of samples

> use
at your windows

The effect both from within and without depends
on your shades. Nothing is more conspicuous than
frayed, wrinkled, or cracked shades against fresh hang-
ings.

Brenlin is a wonderful improvement.

tirely without filling. This difference in the way it is
It hangs straig ht F

made makes the difference in wear.
and smooth, doesn’t wrinkle or bag. Water won’t spot
ite we doesn’ t fade. In white, ecru, etc., it gives a soft,
mellow glow; in the darker colors, it shuts out the light
completly. With Brenlin Duplex you can have one
color outside and a different one inside. It is dark one
side, light the other and comes in several different com-

binations.
The Three Grades of
Window Shades

Brenlin— made entirely without ‘‘filling;’’ six foot
shade complete with brackets, pull and mounted
on best roller, goc.

Camargo — the best s‘audard made high grade opaque

shade on the market.

Myama—the most serviceable medium-priced shade
made.

”

All are made in the Brenlin factories, each is marked with
its name perforated in the side edge. You can’t see it unless
you look for it. but be sure itis there and you will know you are
getting the most serviceable shade you can get for the price you
wish to pay.

Write for our book of samples. With it, we send the names
of our dealers in your city. If we have none we shall supply
you direct. Write to-day.

Cuas. W. BRENEMAN -& CoO.
2073-2083 READING ROAD, CINCINNATI, OHIO

Look for the marking BRENLIN

It is made en- §

|
|

HAVE FLOWERS THIS WINTER

to us for suggestions and handsomely illustrated catalogue.

| 12-13 Faneuil Mall Square—26-27 So. Market St., Boston, Mass.

ETTER and quicker results in the work of beautifying your
place can be obtained with shade trees than by any other plant.
It is not only by such beautiful avenues as this at Wynnefield,
West Philadelphia, but by the use of individual trees about your
place that you may take advantage of their beauty and practical
value. If there is a neighboring building that you desire to screen
or a bleak part of your own house or grounds, shade trees will in
many cases meet your needs better than any other sort of foliage.
These trees at Wynnefield were purchased of us fourteen years
ago. The initial cost has been repaid over and over again in beauty
and increased value to the real estate. You may rely on like results
in planting Moon’s trees. All have been grown with care to make
them straight, stocky, well developed and supplied with an abun-
dance of fibrous roots. As they have been frequently transplanted,
they are prepared for moving.
Let us know your needs and we will gladly aid you. Write for
our book on “‘Hardy Trees and Plants: for Every Place and
Purpose) 2 free:

William H. Moon Company

PHILADELPHIA OFFICE
21 South 12th Street

Makefield Terrace
MORRISVILLE, PA.

SWIFT’S ARSENATE OF LEAD

Nowis the time to select your plants for winter blooming, Write

eating pests.

FOTTLER-FISKE-RAWSON COMPANY of protecting the foliage of trees and plants.

INTENSE °*Wwarm air FURNACE

Real heating economy is realized when you heat your home most
comfortably and healthfully and save fuel. The INTENSE Furnace
is made on a new principle of distributing draft through two rows of
flues directly above the fire so that an even distribution of heat is
insured. A patented check draft permits absolute control of
fire. The INTENSE bums any fuel and gets the most heat out of
it. Made of cast iron and is practically indestructible. Stands only
51 inches high, permitting it to be installed in low cellars, thereby insuring
Has revolving duplex grates, self-clean=

proper elevation of heating pipes.
ing flues, hot water attachment for heating and domestic use, ~and other features
explained fully in literature sent free on request.

View shows
Jacket Removed and
Draft Flues cut open.

THE G. J. EMENY CO., 57 Hubbard St., Fulton, N. Y.

mation about real estale ] S

is the most effective insecticide for all kinds of leaf-
Send for valuable treatise on methods

MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO., 59 Broad Street, Boston, Mass

The Readers’ Service will give you
suggestions for the care of live-stock

188

The House Beautiful

is much more beautiful when stained
with the soft, harmonious tones of

Cabot’s
Shingle Stains

Their colors have the same depth and richness that is
found in nature, and houses stained with them melt
harmoniously into the ]indscape They cost 50% less
than paint, wear as longand grow old gracefully —no
cracking and peeling like paint—and being made of
Creosote they preserve the wood.

““ Wood treated with Creosote is not subject to dry-ro!
or other decay.’ —Century Dictionary.

Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains, lined with Cabot’s
Sheathing Quilt.—Robert C. Spencer, Archt., Chicago

The House Comfortable

—more important even than the house
beautiful — is one that is lined with

Cabot’s
Sheathing Quilt’

It is incom-

which makes houses wind and frost proof.
parably warmer than common papers, and will save its

cost in fuel in two ordinary winters. A penny spent in
using it isa dollar saved in heating and doctor’s bills. “It is cheaper to build warm houses than to heat cold ones.”
“T find it a very efficient wind, cold and sound protector.’’—Rudyard Kipling.
Samples of both materials, with circulars, sent free on request

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Sole Manufacturers, 1 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass.
Agents at all Central Points

RUNNING WATER

When and where you want it.
Pumped from nearby stream, pond or spring.
No expense for power, no trouble, no repairs.
Entire satisfaction assured with every

FOSTER sui¥ RAM

Dutch Bulbs

from the growers, direct to the planter

IT IS NOT TOO LATE
to plant Holland Bulbs, Lilies,
Iris and Peonies
We still have a fine assortment of these
CATALOGUE SENT UPON REQUEST

FRANKEN BROTHERS

DEERFIELD ILLINOIS

DUTY

Thousands used

All Highly Endorsed

Low in cost, high in efficiency.
Pumps day and night auto-
matically in any quantity to
any height.

An Economical and Reliable Pumping plant

for your country home, dairy, carriage house, garden or lawn.
You can install it yoursell, if you wish, or we wil] put it in and
guarantee that it will meet with your entire satisfaction, for a
fixed sum, agreed upon in advance. hen once installed,
expenseends. Write us.

Power Specialty Company, 2135 Trinity Bldg., New York

By
Ellis Parker
Butler

Author of

Goats

AND OTHER
TROUBLES

Illustrated, 50 cents
q Relying upon the judgment of Alderman Toole, the city councilmen of
Jeffersonville decided that gondolas — or, as Toole insisted, “ dongolas ”
—and water goats were the samething. What happened is not for us to disclose.

Doubleday, P age & Cou Garden City, New York

“Pigs is Pigs,” “ That
Pup,” etc.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

November, 1910

Gardening in November

OVEMBER is an excellent month for dividing
and replanting hardy herbaceous plants,

especially the early bloomers. Do this with your
hands and a knife, and you will get more and better
plants than if you use a spade. Set out, also, in
the place where they will bloom, pansies, forget-
me-nots, wallflowers, sweet Williams and fox-
gloves, which should have been started from seed
in August. Hardy bulbs for spring blooming
may be put in as late as December, but remember
that early planting is the best insurance for good
results.

Any time after the first rains sow seeds of hardy
annuals. They will grow slowly during the rainy
season, but in the cool spring and early summer
you will get finer flowers than from spring-sown
seed. Don’t neglect the beautiful California
annuals. California poppies (Eschscholtzia) and
annual blue lupins (Lupinus bicolor) will enable
you to reproduce in a wild or neglected place one
of the most glorious color combinations of the
California spring landscape, while if you want low
beds or edges of delicate cream, or beautiful light
blue, Platystemon (cream cups), and Nemophila
insignis (baby blue eyes) will give them for the
minimum of effort and expense. ‘The best results
follow sowing in prepared soil, but if this is not
done, and you have reason to expect a strong
growth of annual grasses where they are to go,
allow these grasses to germinate first and hoe
them out before scattermg your seed. Always
thin the seedlings to six inches apart.

Sweet peas for early flowers should go in now.
At a depth of two inches, sow little groups of three
seeds every four inches, as this will allow for
failure to germinate and the toll exacted by bi-ds,
slugs and cutworms. I have found that boards
five inches wide erected each side of the row, with
fly-netting stretched over these, protected the
young shoots, until they arrived at that state
when they no longer tempted the del-cate taste
of the birds. Slugs, which especially infest low,
damp gardens and places where rubbish is allowed
to lie around, can be caught at work by visiting
the rows at night with a light, but lettuce leaves
will cause them to gather together to feed, and
make wholesale destruction possible. It is an
astonishing fact that the incomparable Spencer
or waved sweet peas are so little grown in Cali-
fornia, for they far surpass the older kinds; and,
though the seed is dearer, this is due to their setting
less, which is really an advantage to the amateur,
as it means they will stand neglect in cutting the
flowers lorger than will the grandiflora type. A
mixture of Spencers will give great pleasure,
thouch I found tke named varieties, King Edward
Spencer (red), Florerce Morse Spencer (pink),
and White Spencer, attracted most attention in
my garden last season.

In the vegetable garden, asparagus roots and
globe artichokes (propagated by removing suckers
with a piece of root) should now be planted, as
should lettuce, peas, cabbage, onions, beets and
turnips. In the frostless parts of the state beans,
eggplant, potatoes and tomatoes may also be
put in.

California. SypNEY B. MITCHELL.

Miscible Oils

He many successive years dare you use mis-
cible oils for spraying? A park superin-
tendent in Cleveland says that they destroy the

| cambium the fifth year.

a

THE

NovemBer, 1910

—

The Readers’ Service will give 1
injormation about automobiles 189

GARDEN MAGAZINE

A Case of
“Wooden Leg”’

Would you hire a man with a wooden leg?
Hardly! A wooden leg is a poor substitute for real
leg power. You would want a man with two good
legs—full leg power—no substitutes.

Disks and other contraptions in common cream
separators are like wooden legs—they are mere sub-
stitutes for lack of skimming force resulting from
a wrong principle of construction. A properly built
separator produces plenty of skimming force to do
the work without disks or othe. substitutes. Claims
that contraptions are needed in modern machines
are disproved by the fact that

Sharples Dairy Tubular |
Cream Separators

contain neither disks nor other complica-
tions, yet produce twice the skimming
force, skim fister and
twice as c'ean as com-
mon machines. Wash
many times easier and
Wear several times lon-
ger in consequence.
The World’s Best,
World’s biggest sep-
arator works.
Branch factories
in Canada and
Germany. Sales
exceed most, if not
all, others com-
bined. Probably
replace more com-
mon separators
than any one
maker of such
machines sells.
# Write for Cat-
alogue No. 215.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Ohicago, Ml. San I’'rancisco, Cal. Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can.

ewe

~~

=

Er pint

Learn Wireless & R. R. Telegraphy! }

Shortage of fully 10,000 Operators on account of 8-hour law |
and extensive “ wireless”? dev.lopments. We operate under
direct supervision of Tele;raph ( fficials and positively place J
all students, when qualified. Write for catalogue.

NAT’L TELEGRAPH INST.

Cincinnati, Philade'phia, Memphis, Davenport, Ia.,
Columbia, 8. C., Portland, Ore.

Get better crops with balf the work. You need a

eT

Planet Jr Farm or Garden Implement
va New cataloguefree, Write to-day.

|S. L. ALLEN & CO., Box 1108S Philadelphia, Pa.

Grow Mushrooms

For Big and Quick Profits

Small Capital to Start A Safe Business

I am the largest grower in America. Ten years
experience enables me to give practical instruc-
tion in the business worth many dollars to you.

No matter what your occupation is or where
you are located, here is an opportunity to acquire
a@ thorough knowledge of this paying business.

Send for Free Book giving particulars and in-
formation, how to start, cost, ete. Address

JACK -ON MUSHROOM FARM
6847 N. Western Ave ue Chicago, Tl,

making thousands of revolutions a minute,
gives yreater volume of air currentat the clean-
ing tool than any other ¢evice practicable tora
portable cleaner, Jti< the first perfect applica-
tion ot the ian principe in vacuum cleaniny.

eek, THIS ODDLY SHAPED FAN

To Those Considering the
Purchase of a Vacuum Cleaner:

For over 50 years we have designed and built air-driving apparatus. We have made most of the
apparatus of this sort in the United States. Every device for utilizing air-currents has been repeatedly
tested by our engineers.

Thus, we began making Vacuum Cleaners, with more experience and records to guide us than any
other manufacturer.

As a mode of producing the suction, we knew that a scientifically designed rotary fan was far better
than a pump, bellows or diaphragm on the four vital points:—Durability: A fan cannot leak, and suffers
almost no wear and tear; Sturtevant fans are giving good service in hard factory service after 30 years of
daily use. Volume of air: This fan gives the greatest volume possible for a given expenditure of energy.
Constant, even suction: On this point a fan is perfect, whereas the other devices must give intermittent
suction, as they are constantly changing the direction of the stroke. Simplicity: It has no gears, no
valves, no chains or belts. Aside from the motor, the fan is the only moving part in the

St urlevant Electric

Vacuum Cleaner
Strength: A lightly built machine cannot

machine is given to the dust bag and strainer. It
stand the racking of producing a will hold the cleanings from a whole house without
high suction. Therefore, we make our cleaner
solidly,

clogging or need of emptying.
with ample strength, and use the light Our motoris of the highest grade—
metal, aluminum, throughout. Motor:
This is a vital matter. Just

nothing better is made, and nothing
2 of a lower grade is good enough. In this, as in all
Dirt Collector : note: The strainer is a
cleth bag through which the air current passes, last

other details, the Sturtevant Cleaner is made to
years and give good service through all
leaving the dust and dirt in the bag. Obviously a _ its life.
small strainer will soon become clogged, and, un-
less emptied very frequently (thus multiplying the The Fan: more complicated than designing
efficient air-driving fans. This design made in the

only unpleasant work of vacuum cleaning), the air
light of greater experience than that of all other

current is quickly slowed down and the efficiency
of the cleaner is greatly lessened. In the Sturte- makers, we confidently pronounce far superior to
any other used in vacuum cleaners.

vant Cleaner the entire cylindrical front of the

Few problems of engineering are

The one-inch hose gives nearly twice as much volume of
air as the ordinary 34-inch hose, with greater velocity at the
cleaning tool, thus ena‘ ling it to collect larger pieces of dirt
and to clean at a greater distance from the cleaning tool.

It is simplicity itself in design and operation. Any one
can use it, andthere is nothing init to break or get out uf good

working order, It has no oil to drop on

Details of construction: It consists of the machine,
12-foot hose, an unusually complete outfit of cleaning tools,
and 20 feet of cord and plug fitting an electric light socket.
The cleaner is easily rolled about on three rubber-tired wheels.
Occupies less space than two square feet. ;

We make only one style of portable cleaner for ordinary
household use, as our tests show that this is the smallest

Price rugs and will not require lubrication for machine that is practicable and durable, and we do 10ot care to

$130 at least a year. It is the most silent manufacture a cleaner that is a toy, or that will go to pieces,
e machine made— because it is so solidly or fail to do satisfactory work.

een constructed, has so few moving parts, Guaranteed in every way by the largest and most respon-

the U.S. and is so nicely balanced. sible concern in the business of making air-driving apparatus.

In addition to our household cleaner described above, we build machines for
Vacuum Cleaning Systems to be installed in residences, hotels, public buildings, etc.

Write for Illustrated Booklet No. 45 to

B. F. Sturtevant Co., eer ane EMS:

Machines can be seen at
BRANCH OFFICES: 50 Church St., N. Y. City; 135 N.3rd St., Phila.; 329 W. 3rd St., Cincin.;
300 Fullerton Bldg., St. Louis; 530 S, Clinton St , Chicago; 711 Park Bldg., Pittsburg; 1006 Wash-
ington Loan & Jrust Bldg., Washington, D. C.;, 34 Oliver St , Boston; 529 Metropolitan Bldg.,
Minnea olis; 423 Schofield Bldy., Clev- land; 1108 G-anite Bldg., Rochester; 326 \iennen Bldg.,
New Orleans; 319 Connec’icut Mutual Bldg., Hartford.

We are glad to quote trade terms to responsible dealers
WITH OR

\ SUN-DIALS WITHOUT
im PEDESTALS

Please send for catalogue of Sun Dials

H 29, also catalogue H 27 of Pergolas

and H 40 of Wood Columns.

HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.
Chicago, IIl.

New York Office, 1123 Broadway

1840 1910

Old Colony Nurseries

HARDY SHRUBS, TREES, VINES
EVERGREENS AND PERENNIALS
A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants grown in sandy loam.
Good plants; best size for planting very cheap. Priced catalogue
free on application.

T. R. WATSON

Plymouth, Mass.

ONLY

$15.00
25.00
35.00

Freight

KING SPREADER

Distributes Lime, Ashes, Fertilizers, Bone Meal
and fine Compost evenly from 100 lbs. to 2 tons to
acre. Simple, best
made.

In Three sizes, cleans itself.
We prove our confidence by terms.
KING WEEDER CO., Richmond, Va.

SAMPLE AT NO MONEY COST PLAN.

ST

lj a problem g-ows i your garden write to
the headers? Service jor assistance

120

NOvrembBenr, 1910

Is Your Milk Really Clean
or Merely Clean Looking ?

Strained milk all looks alike, it may be crowded
with germs, or positively sanitary. Straining takes
out the coarse dirt, but if the dirt and milk once become
mixed, the milk 1s tainted and cannot possibly be cleaned
by straining.

The Sterilac Pail assures really clean milk,
because it keeps the milk and the dirt from ever
coming into contact. It is the only effective, /ow-
cost device for producing pure milk. Further-
more, it is better made and will last longer than any pail that you ever
owned. Try it at our risk.

Here is our offer: Wewil send a pail, prepaid delivery. You try it for 10 days. If you are not
satisfied, send it back at our expense. If you like it, send us $2.50. Write us that you accept our offer,
and we will ship the pail. Specify a seamless pail if you prefer it, at an increase in price of 50 cents.

STERILAC COMPANY 2 Merchants Row, Boston, Mass.

Modern sanitary Milk Apparatus of all kinds.

Speke

Note the strainer cloth on
which the milk strikes.

Note the dirt-shelf which
catches the dirt falling from
the udder. The projecting top
shields the strainer cloth from
falling dirt.

It is easy to use, because the
opening is of ample width.

It does not spatter.

AN IDEAL LAWN TREE

Decidedly ornamental, with a dense, perfect, half globular or
umbrella-shaped head, high on a straight, upright stem. Very
hardy; extensively used in formal gardens and especially adapted
for lawn planting—

Umbrella Tree (Catalpa Bungei).

will thrive in almost any soil, and is generally a most satisfactory
tree to plant. I make a specialty of Catalpa Bungei and other
Shade Trees, Evergreens, Hardy Flowering Shrubs, Roses,
Fruit Trees, etc., in great assortment.

STEELE’S STURDY STOCK

Grown in New Jersey, with its soil and climate advantages, is
ready to start growth again anywhere, as soon as planted. Orna-
mental landscape plans prepared and executed. Beautifully
illustrated catalogue free.

T. E. STEELE, Pomona Nurseries, Box A, PALMYRA, N. J.

The right protection

You ought to have roofs made of the real, natural waterproof— Trinidad Lake
asphalt—for all your buildings.

Genasco
Ready Roofing

is made of Trinidad Lake asphalt.
lasts longer than any other roofing.

It doesn’t crack, rot, rust, or blow off, and it

The Kant-leak Kleet insures against leaky seams. Does

cement. Supplied with Genasco when specified.
Write for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book.
for the hemisphere trade-mark. Mineral or smooth surface.

da ae THE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.

PHILADELPHIA

San Francisco

Cross-section, Genasco Smooth-surface Ready Roofing
Trinidad Lake Asphalt
4 Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt

Es Trinidad Lake Asphalt

away with

Ask your dealer for Genasco, and look
A written guarantee—if you think it

New York Chicago

TUE “GAR DEN) MEAG AZINE

Plant Some Trees Now

OVEMBER is the best month of the whole
year for planting fruit and shade trees,

and also shrubs. The weather is more favorable
now, labor is cheaper and the plants live better,
as they have time to make some root growth and

| get a firm hold in the soil before the coldest weather

sets in. (See the planting table in THE GARDEN
Macazine for November, 1909, page 173.)

Of all the Southern shade trees the live oak is
probably the most popular and ezsiest to grow,
although the magnolia is without doubt the most
beautiful. Don’t fail to plant your favorite fruit
trees; almost any kind of fruit tree will succeed
well here in the South, with but little care. If you
fail to plant trees during the next f2w months
you lose a whole year in growth.

When frost threatens, cover squashes, beans,
cucumbers, melons, pepper, tomato, egg-plants,
etc., following the directions in Tur GARDEN

By properly protecting this pepper plant curing
the cold weather it lived two years

Macazine for November, 1909, page 168. These
vegetables can then be had up to Chris‘mas in
many sections of the South. Do the same thing
with marigolds, nasturtium, morning-glory, canna
and other tender flowers. J once kept a pepper
plant through two winters by placing a large box

over it, banking up the sides with earth and cover- |
ing the top with old bags, newspapers and boards "|
at night and on cold days, and as a result I had

fresh pepper for use all winter. Dwarf orange
and lemon bushes can easily be kept through the —
winter in this way. ;

If you failed to plant Dutch kulks or hardy
lilies last month do so at ence. Sow, also, seed ©
of wheat, rye and oats during the month. }

When the soil is too wet to plow, haul pine
needles and leaves to the stable to make compost.
Just as soon after frost as possible rake up all old
vines and trash and burn to prevent insects from
collecting under them. However, trash that can

be plowed into the soil should never be burned. |

Novrmeocr, 1910 Tl

{

Grow
Chestnuts
Like This

For Profit

Whether you have one acre, or a hun-
dred, you can get bigger profits per acre
from Sober Paragon Chestnuts than from any
other crop you could plant.

Hardy, rapid, symmetrical growth; Juxuri-
ant foliage; spreading boughs; clean trunk;
stateliness : immunity from parasitic blight—

These qualities have been combined and devel-
oped by science to a degree that ciosely borders
perfection, in the new

SOBER PARAGON

Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut

A single crop, Fall of 1909, brought $33,000
(5,500 bushels @ $6.00 a bushel). And that or-
chard was only 8 years old.

The only large sweet chestnutin the world.

a

Covers a 50c. piece

A <Teeuy

oe Ses

Bears the second year—a 5-year old tree grew
500 burrs in 1 year. The nuts average 1 to 2
inches in diameter—and 3 to 5 nuts in a burr.
™ United States Pomologist, G. B. Brackett, says

The Sober Paragon comes the nearest in quality
to the native chestnut of any of the cultivated
varieties that I have examined. It is of large
size, fine appearance and excellent flavor.”

Testimony from growers, commission mer-
chants, Forrestry Experts, etc., given in our free
booklet, together with prices and particulars.

DN We own exclusive control
= AN sem Of the Sober Para-
gon. This copy-
Wekeap p= righted metal seal
wey is attached to every genu-

~ ine tree when shipped.

Write today for the booklet.

OTHER NUT TREES,
Fruit and Ornamental Trees,

Roses, Shrubs, etce.,
fully described with prices in our new,
handsomely illustrated General Cat-
alogue. No matter what you may re-
quire for Fall or Spring planting (nut,
fruit, ornamental trees or decorative
plants), write for this free catalogue.

GLEN BROS. Glenwood Nursery,

44th year. “DeskB” ROCHESTER, N. Y.

\LOOK OUT
FOR SPARKS

No more danger or damage from flying
sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire-
place screens. Send for free booklet
** Sparks from the Fire-side.'’ It tells about
the best kind of a spark guard for your in-
dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free
booklet and make your plans early.
BZ

“4 The Syracuse Wire Works
a § > 103 University Avenne, - Syracuse, N.Y.

Largest importers and growers of

OrcHIDS in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

feet ye ae

i e
| ||Landscape Gardening
A course for Home-makers and
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig
and Prof. Batchelor, of Comell
University.

Gardeners whounderstand up-to-
date methods and practice are in
demand for the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape Gar-
dening is indispensable to those
who would have the pleasantest
Pror. Cratc homes.

250 page catalogue free. Write to-day.

| THz HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass.

S

= r The Ivaders’ Service will give
G A R D 1D) N M A G A Z N Ie Sliaalion Se soy eae 19]

Two New Books

O. HENRY

O. PENRY

Whirligi
@ One of the last things O. Henry did before his death was to select the stories
for this volume. It is probably the most representative of all his books and one

finds the old touches of fine skill and delicate and broad humor.
Fixed price, $1.20 (postage | 2 cents)

Let Me Feel Your Pulse

q This is the last bit of inimitable humor which O. Henry put his hand to. He was
able to see the ridiculous side to his own ill-fated search for health and you will
chuckle and laugh aloud over his genuine fun-making. [Tllustrated. 50 cents.

The O. Henry Books
“The Trimmed Lamp”

“The Four Million” “The Voice of the City ”

$1.00 $1.00 $1.00
““Cabbages and Kings” “Heart of the West” “The Genile Grafter”
$1.50 $1.56 $1.00
“Roads of Destiny ” “Strictly Business” Fixed Price,
$1.50 $1.20 (postage 12 cents)

Special Limp Leather Edition cf “The Four Million,” “The Trimmed Lamp,” and “The Voice
of the City,” bound in dark green leather, gilt leaves, net, $4.50 the set (postage 30 cents).

These stories cover the range of City Life from East to West. For inspiration, O.
Henry looked equally to Coney Island, Wall Street, Fifth Avenue and the Bowery.
He found it in the heart of “ The Four Million.”

It is the intention of Doubleday, Page & Company eventually to publish all O. Henry’s
books in the same limp leather edition.

A postal card will bring you, free, an interesting little booklet, entitied:
“O Henry : The Man and His Work ”

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., GARDEN CITY, New York

CARE OF AUTOMOBILES -- By Burt J. Paris

This practical little hand-book tells everything worth knowing on the subject, and is
absolutely non-technical. The author has drawn upon many years of observation and personal

experience.

At all Bookstores, $1.00 net, postage 4 cents

DORMBECE DAV PAGE. G CO., Publishers, Garden City, N.Y.

—

The Healthful Art of Dancing

I} you wish to purchase live-stock
write the Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NovemMBER, 1910

Adventures in Contentment
By DAVID GRAYSON

@_ A new edition of this charming story of the man who
went straight into nature’s heart and read her message
there. Uniformly issued with Mr. Grayson’s new book

ADVENTURES IN FRIENDSHIP

A volume which is truly the “harvest of a quiet mind,”
and which voices that longing of city-tired humanity for
the peace and quiet restfulness of rural life. It brims over
with the cheerful optimism and pleasant philosophizing
which made such a delightful appeal in Mr. Grayson’s first
great success.

Two exquisite frontispieces in full color and many drawings in black and white
by Thomas F. Fogarty. Each volume, fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12 cents).

A New Novel

Second String of Modern English Life

By ANTHONY HOPE

Author ‘‘ The Prisoner of Zenda,’’ ‘‘The Great Miss Driver,”’
“‘Love’s Logic,”’ etc.

@. The sense of the reckoning that may not ve escaped is
the dominant note sounded in “Second String,” and the
story moves to its climax with a sureness that is irresistible
and fascinating — the “‘ gentleman ”’ gradually sinking from
his position, while his admiring follower, the man of the
people, as steadily rises by sheer force of character. It is
a new Anthony Hope that is discovered in “Second String,”
but one who is none the less enjoyable. 156

Making Life Worth While

By LUTHER H. GULICK, M.D. By HERBERT W. FISHER.

In this very attractive book Dr. Gulick

This volume tells how to save your health

The trouble with many Southern farms is that they
are deficient in humus resulting from burning off
all vegetable matter.

Harvest sugar cane during the first of the month;
be sure to save all the fodder, for cattle like it
better than hay.

Sow seed of cabbage during this month in cold-
frames.

Continue to sow beets, radishes and turnips
outdoors, for a continued supply of greens through
the winter. Plant out asparagus roots duting
this and next month.

Georgia Tuomas J. STEED.

Cider as It is Made

HE best cider is made from sound, well-
matured apples, in a cleanly and hygienic
manner. And the only cider press worth having
n these days is hydraulic. The farmer drives
his load of apples alongside the mill, and dumps
or shovels them into a hopper. The latter opens
on to an endless belt which carries the apples to
the grater or grinder located above the press.
From the latter, the pomace is carried down a
chute to the press. Two men, one on each side,
place a “hoop” on the floor of the press, spread
large pieces of burlap over the bottom, slide the
pomace on to this several inches deep, fold the
ends of the burlap over the top, and repeat the
process till the capacity of the press is reached.
Then the hydraulic pressure is applied, and the
juice runs into the vat below. From’ there it is
siphoned into casks on a platform back of the
mill. The only lifting in the whole process is
that required to get the apples into the hopper,
which is about onj;a level with the wagon
box.

Any variety of apple that is good for apple
sauce will make a cider of good quality. Of the
apples in this locality, the best cider is made from
Harrison, a tart apple, and Canfield, a sweet.
Not only do these varieties yield a good quantity
of juice, but the quality is excellent. Ben Davis
is very poor for cider—the quantity of juice is
small, and it is lacking in flavor. Baldwins, Spys,
Greenings, Kings, also Golden Russets, make good
cider. Though the Fall Pippin is an excellent
cooking apple, it has a small amount of juice,
and the pulp is so firm that a “cheese” of this
variety cannot be compressed half so much as
the ordinary apples. A good mixture of apples
for cider is in the proportion of about five bushels
of sweet to eight of sour. .

The quantity of cider from a given quantity
of apples varies with different varieties, in different
seasons, and in apples from varying soils. Some-
times very juicy apples will give five gallons of
cider to a bushel of apples. On dry, sandy soil,
probably three and a half gallons is a liberal
allowance; the average is between this and four
gallons. I know of a man who, in early August
got 230 gallons of cider from 72 bushels of
common drop apples of all sorts, some probably
not half grown. This made excellent vinegar
from apples usually allowed to go to waste. Any
early apple is good for vinegar.

For vinegar, cider may be made at any time of
year. For use as a beverage in its natural condi-
tion, when it is desired to keep it as long as pessible,
it should be made late in autumn, then kept in
a cool place. Cider may be heated and bottled
the same as for keeping grape juice. Or it may
be boiled down, then diluted with water when
used. It makes excellent ‘boiled cider apple
sauce,” if boiled down to about one-fourth its
volume, pared and cored sweet apples being added

before you lose it. It is refreshing in its
common sense.

and the boiling continued till they are well cooked
through. This may be kept in a cool place all
winter without being sealed in jars.

; F. H. VALENTINE.

makes a plea for the folk dances which mean
so much in European life. He deals with the

necessity of rhythm in human life. Net, $1.20 (postage 12 cents).

Illustrated. Net, $1.40 (postage 15 cents).
For Autumn Color

D” you ever know that pear trees color glori-
ously in October? We never realized it
until we visited a huge nursery in Ohio and saw
them in large blocks. Some varieties turn yellow;
others red; and the Kieffer has a distinct purple.
The shining, leathery leaves of the Kieffer are a joy
to the lover of color. W.M.

Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, New York

y

Novemeer, 1910

If you neglect
your fruit trees,
they will soon forget
to bear—the water
sprouts will rob them of
their strength.
If you hack out a few limbs
occasionally and leave stubs,
these will decay back into the tree
and form bad cavities.

Neglect, Not Ill-luck, Keeps
Your Orchard from Producing

If you forget your orchard except in fruiting

time, it will become the home of scale and
other insects—and these mean decay and death.
j Light crops of small, unsound, irregular fruit
will be the natural result of such neglect—and
your orchard will cease to be a good investment.

Write us how many fruit trees you have,
what kinds, and where Iccated. Perhaps we
can send, without charge, cne of our represen-
tatives to inspect your orchard, tell you what
your trees require and fully explain our methods.

THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY, Inc.

1511 Oak Street, KENT, OHIO
Operating the Davey Institute of Tree Surgory

NO college, NO school of forestry teaches tree sursery, The
Davey Institute ts the only school in the world which dues. Jt
was founded by Fohn Davey, father of trce surgery. Full
laboratory, collection, scientific and botanical tnstruction, in-
cluding practical demonstrations by Fohn Davev.

San Jose Scaleand other pestsare hatching trouble in your orchard
rightnow. Stop it by spraying with a sclutioncf

~ GOOD’S $s"8!:° WHALE OIL SOAP No. 3

Protects the trees and enriches the soil. Contains no salt, sul-
phur, mineral oils or anything injurious. Used and endorsed by U~
_ §. Department of Agriculture and State Experiment Stations.

50 lbs. $2. 503, 100 Ibs. ¥4,50; larger quantities proportionately less.

Send for free “Manual of Plant Diseases.’
_ JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 951 N. Front St., Philadelphia

No matter what cream separator
you purchase now

SOONER OR LATER

you will buy a

DE LAVAL

The more you come to know about cream
separators the better you will understand the
overwhelming superiority of the DE LAVAL.

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.

165-167 BROADWAY, 42 E. MADISON ST.
NEW YORK. CHICAGO.

|Greatest Money Saver

Cheapest to install, least attention, fewest repairs,
highest efficiency and economical and dependable
under every condition of service is the

| |«American” Centrifugal Pump

There is not a valve or other get-out-of-order feature about
it— just the ea iest possible curved flow-lines without a sudden
} change of direction in passage through the pump, enabling
water to be raised with less power than wih
any other pun’p in existence. It’s the modern
way in pumpirg. There’s 41 years’ of manu-
factvring experience behind it. All god
medals given to centrifugais st the Alaska-
Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle in 1909
were awarded to this pump.

Made in both horizontal and vertical types, in any
sive, in any number of stages
and equipped with any power.
Let us tll you of other say-
ing features of this pump.

THE AMERICAN
WELL WORKS

Gen. Office and Works,
AURORA, ILL.
Chicago Office, First Natioral
Bank Building
420 First Ave :ue, Pittsburg, Pa

Catalog
No. 117

BETTER SPRAY YOUR TREES!

THE GARDEN MAGAZ

The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish
injormation about foreign travel

INE

A TABESOF THE FOREST

The Rules of The Game

By STEWART EDWARD WHITE

Author of ‘‘ The Riverman,’’ ‘“‘ The Blazed Trail,’’
‘“ The Forest,’ etc.

A story that is big with human character and rugged life in the
great out-of-doors. Mr. Whitehere takes up the history of Bobby

Orde, son of the Riverman and weaves a fascinating tale of love and
adventure about this lad who wins his way as lumberman and forest
ranger in the great timberland of California.
price, $1.40 (postage 15 cents).

Illustrated, Fixed

The Power and The Glory

By GRACE MacGOWAN COOKE
Author of ‘‘ Mistress Joy.’’

Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage, 12 cents)

The story of the humor and the heroism of some lives in a
Southern mountain town.

‘“‘A noteworthy addition to the books that have in them a genuine uplift. The
power and the glory of her achievement light up the book like a burst of sunshine
after the darkness of a storm.’’—San Francisco Chronicle.

““A story with a soul; a book that should, and doubtless will, rank with the ‘ Six
Best Sellers.’ ’’—‘Brooklyn Citizen.

“Told with a skill and sympathy which might well obtain for the ‘ Borrowing Pass-
mores’ a place alongside Micawber and Colonel Sellers.’’—Chicago Evening Post.

Presidential Addresses and State Papers
of William Howard Taft

A judicial, far-seeing, and trenchant discussion of our national affairs. Net,

$1.80 (postage 20 cents).

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
Garden City, New York

Tj you are planning to build, the Readers’
Service can ojten give helpjul suggestions

The Work

that Counts

There is no wasted energy, no
lost motion in the work of the
"Varsity Crew. Perfect team work,
co-operative effort and uniform
action are strikingly exempli-

fied.

The same principle of intel-
ligent co-operation exists in tele-
phone communication in its
broadest application.

In handling the talk of the
nation the Bell operators respond
to millions of different calls from
millions of different people,
twenty million communications
being made every day.

TEE Ge RD EN

MAGAZINE

NovEeMBER, 1910

Ten million miles of wire, five
million telephones and thousands
of switchboards are used to nandle
this vast traffic.

More than a hundred thousand
employees, pulling together, keep
the entire system attuned. Unity
is the keynote. Without this har-
mony of co-operation such service
as is demanded would be impos-
sible.

One policy, broad and general,
in which uniformity of method
and co-operation are the under-
lying principles, results in univer-
sal service for nearly a hundred

million people.

‘AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

*“One Policy, One System, Universal Service”
Maule’s Seeds 9",

always grown.
Send postal for 1910 catalogue. WiLL1aM HENRY
Maute, 1721 Filbert Street, Philadelphia.

The Farmers’ Easy Record

A new, complete, simple and practical record of all transactions on the
farm, Designed ty an expert, Thousands in use. Easy to keep. Will last
8 years. Every progressive farmer should have it. Agents Wanted.
Send ior free specimen pages and Special Offer.

CENTURY SUPPLY CO., 62 State St., Rochester, N. Y.

Rhododendrons, Azaleas
And Hardy American Plants for Immediate Effect
SPEGIVME Ngisl OCK
Lists and Beautifully Illustrated Ca'alog sent on request
HARLAN P. KELSEY, Owner, SALEM, MASS.

Attractive Flowers, Fruit and
Foliage

IBURNUM dilaiatum is a native of China
and Japan, and was introduced into the ~

United States in the early eighties. It is a stout,

bushy shrub, very much resembling the arrowwood ~

(V. dentatum), and grows from six to eight feet

high. The branches are spreading and covered |

with a dark gray bark. The young shoots are
covered with short stiff hairs, of a rusty gray.
The leaves are orbicular or obovate, from two
to five inches long, dark green above and paler
beneath and of good texture. In the autumn,
they turn to a pale yellow and persist in this con-
dition until very late autumn or early winter.

Before changing to yellow, they often assume ~

shades of purple.

The flowers appear about the middle of June,
and are borne in cymes about three inches across.
They are creamy white, abundant and tarry
only for a short time.
tember and is then of a bright scarlet color. It

| is very decorative and persists until early winter.

The flowers of this plant, although desirable,
do not give it a very high rank. Yet the foliage
is particularly rich in summer, and attractive
in autumn when it takes on its yellow coloring,
and the scarlet fruit gives it high ornamental
value. Thus it takes place among the most
desirable of the viburnums.

Massachusetts. DANIEL A. CLARKE.

Garden Gossip

S IT true that smoke kills mosses and lichens
before it does flowering plants? Too bad,
because they soften and mellow rocks, walls, tree
trunks, etc., and give the effect of age which we
are all so eager to get when we find our new garden
looks raw. Have you ever heard of anyone who
has cultivated mosses and lichens, or had any
unusual success in removing the “new” look?
It is said that the factory regions about Glasgow
have an unnatural look, because the mosses and
lichens are killed by the sulphurous gases which
are belched by the big chimneys. The absence
of mosses and lichens makes the rocks look hard
and stern, and the land poor and unlovely. Next

the gases kill the evergreen trees, which are more -

sensitive than the deciduous.

A Mr. Graves, of Detroit, has the best honey-
suckle fence we have ever seen-- Hall’s honey-
suckle, trained on an iron fence about three and

a half feet high. He must trim it carefully, be- —

cause the vines are covered with foliage, right to

the ground, and practically obscure the frame- |

work. Many people plant honeysuckle on a
woven wire fence with wooden posts, but that
scheme is not good — topheavy, too thin at the
bottom, and short-lived.

A lady at Grosse Pointe, Michigan, has an inter-
esting substitute for bay trees in her formal garden.
The centre piece of the garden is a laurel-leaved
willow, trained just like a box.
high. Of course, it drops its leaves in winter, but
at a summer home this does not matter. This
arrangement does away with the expense and
articiality of tubs. It is more interesting to have
your decorative tree grow right out of the ground,
and stay there winter and summer. The laurel-
leaved willow needs protection from high winds.
It can be restricted to any size you like.

A hundred feet in a hundred years! That is
a good rate of growth for an avenue of trees.
There is such an avenue of “‘limes,” or as we would
say lindens, at Gartincaber, Scotland. The
two rows are only fifteen feet apart, and the trees
being set too closely in the rows have been drawn
rapidly up to this great height. It is a neck-
breaking job to view such trees. There is no
comfort in looking up to the top of the famous
trees at Cambridge, either. Many of the cele-
brated avenues of Europe have this same defect.
Wider spaced avenues have greater beauty and
dignity. They may not be so spectacular to
tourists but they are lovelier to live with.

The best two-leaved pine from foreign lands for
the northeastern part of the United States is the
Japancse red pine (Pinus densiflora). Don’t plant
Scotch pine when you can get this, for it is really
long-lived.

It is about 12 ft.

a:

The fruit matures in Sep- —

7.

Otten cafes

NOvVEMEDR, 1910 AD ISL 18

GARDEN

MAGAZINE

For injormation regarding railroad and steam-
ship lines, write to the Readers’ Service

F LORIDA™
WATER

A Toilet

Treasure

Without exception the
best and most popular
Toilet Perfume made

1‘ the Bath it is cooling

and reviving; on the

Handkerchief and for

general Toilet use it is

delightful; after Shaving

it is simply the very best
thing to use.

ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR IT.
ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE!

MONEY _IN : MUSHROOMS

Men and women read how we have
successfully grown mushrooms for
2: years for hig profits, and learn
al about our Tmperial Spawn,

- which we place
direct and fresh in
the hands of the
giower, not dried
and infertile, but
moist and full of
* life. Mushrooms
are easily grown at home in
Y cellars, sheds, stables, boxes,

Send to-
day for

big 32- etc., all the year. Previ-
page ous experience or capital
free Anot needed. We were |
booklet, first; teach you the busi-
and learn is s_and our methods
how to Re Raa ciclapele hy lente,
make a YOU WHERE TO SELL
start. WHAT YOU RAISE.

National Spawn & Mushroom Co., Dept. 55, Hyde Park, Mass.

For durable painting of all kinds use National Lead Com-
. pany’s Pure White Lead (Dutch Boy Painter trade mark).

“Dutch Boy / aint’’ Adviser 0.95 on request FREE
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY 111 Broadway, N. Y_

\é

Its Economy ad Power

Startle the World!

The Engine Runs on COAL OIL at a Fraction of Cost
of Gasoline
Thousands of these marvelous engines—in netual use to-day
—prove beyond question that ker oxene is the engine > fuel of the

future. The success of the ‘Detroit’? Engine
is absolutely unparalleled.

Demand is overwhelming.

Kerosene (common coal! oil) runs it with
wonderful economy. Kerosene generaily
costs 6 to 15c less per gallon than gasoline—
and gasoline is stil going up. Runs
on any engine fuel. Only three moving
parts. Light and portable. Does work
of engines ; weighing four times as much.
Runs! everything.

The Amazing

“DETROIT” .

The Kerosene Wonder—on 15 Days’ Trial—
Direct From Factory

Any engine you want, from 2 to 20 H.P., sent on 15 days’ free trial—
tested immediately before shipping and ready to run. If dis-
satisfied—every dollar you have pnid us for the engine cheerfully
refunded. Prices lowest ever known for high- -grade, guaranteed envines.

Vhe New Book ix Rendy—WRITE! Tells all about these new
wonders that mark a new era in engines. Special introductory price on first
“Detroit’’ enzine sold in each community. Quick action gets it. Address

Detroit Engine Works, 229 Bellevue Ave., Dctroit, Mich

for any building—

for any institution—
any place—anywhere

No matter where you want water, or how much
you want, or under what conditions you want

it, it will pay you to investigate the

Kewanee System

of Water Supply

No city water system provides better water supply

service.

With your own private plant—a Kewanee

System—you can have an abundance of water de-
livered under strong pressure, to all your fixtures
and hydrants—to the bathroom, kitchen, laundry,

lawn, stables, garage—anywhere.

Thousands of Kewanee Systems are in use
every day, year in and year out, for supplying
city, country and suburban homes, private and

publie institutions,
apartment buildings, fraternal homes,
towns, etc.

country clubs,

schools,
factories,

The Kewanee System is a high quality water

Pe

x

mn Write for our Catalog No. 16 and

veg full infermation. Estimates and
engineering service free.

Kewanee Water Supply Co.
Kewanee, Illinois.
2080 Hudson-Terminal Bldg., 50 Church
Street, New York City.
1212 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, Ill.
305 Diamond Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.

magnifying glasses enabling you to read the Targ
Graduated Rod, Target and Bostrom’s 70 pa

examination. Shipping weight 15 lbs.

154 Madison Ave., ATLANTA, GA.

wT SAKE?

You don’t need a Surveyor.

, System through and through. sh. It is the only
absolutely guaranteed no-trouble system

by Don’t You =
That Farm of Yours ?

Geta

Bostrom Improved Farm Level #74. %° the

work yourself

THIS LEVEL IS NO MAKESHIFT. The outfit includes Level, Telescope with

et a quarter of a mile away; Tripod,

re book—*' Soil Salvation "'—giving the
cream of 25 years practical experience in DR: AINING, TERRACING and IRRI-
GATING, with full instructions how to use the Level. Simplicity, Accuracy, Dur-
ability GUARANTEED. Used and endorsed in every state in the Union, also
Canada and Mexico. Shinped on receipt of price, $t=.00; money back if not Satis-
fied. Or, if preferred, will ship C. O. D. $15.00 and express charges, subject to

If not on sale in your town, order from nearest address.

3 BOSTROM-BRADY MFG. CO. 323-F Brunswick Bldg. NEW YORK

1154 Pine St., ST. LOUIS, MO.

The Readers’ Service will give you
196 suggestions for the care of live-stock

ANGI CUNT IOI ING ME Coe % INE IB,

November, 1910

If you want to
settle the ques-
tion of cigaret
quality forever
—at my risk—
send your name
to me now and
receive my big dollar offer.

MAKAROFF
RUSSIAN je
CIGARETS

} have made good on the broadest claims
ever made for anything to smoke. Write
now for the big dollar offer to prove it.

Mail addres_—95 Milk Street, Boston

15c
ane a

““As much bigger and stronger as a decade of

steady growth can well make it.’’
—The Bookman.

The Romance of a Plain Man
By ELLEN GLASGOW
$1.50

“Tt 1s one of those rare books that make you

forget everything outside its covers.”’
—The Interior.

BY THE SAME AUTHOR:
The Ancient Law

The Wheel of Life .

The Battle-Ground .

The Voice of the People

The Deliverance

The Freeman and Other Pouce Net 1.50
(Postage, 1 2c.)

THE WORLD'S WORK a THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
Garden City, New York

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

Shrubs for Shady Situations

See with shrubs in shady places depends

chiefly upon four factors — density of shade,
special selection of nursery stock, distance apart
planted and proper care. Through all shades of
light from complete darkness to full sunlight all
gradations in growth and luxuriance will be sc-
cured. This is natural, as most shrubs are light-
loving plants and, when denied the light, they sulk.
Therefore, use judgment when making your
selection. A shrub that grows six feet high in the

| open sunlight may not be expected to reach more

than half that height in partial shade with the same

' degree of density in growth. Some kinds, in an
| effort to get more light than is immediately avail-

able, become ‘“‘drawn-up,” which does not add to
their appearance. This can be prevented some-
what by heading-back.

For best results with shrubs in shady places
insist upon the nurseryman furnishing well grown,
bushy specimens with branches starting from a
point at or near the surface of the ground. ‘This
insures a proper start, particularly when the shrubs
are wanted for edging or a hedge. In such situa-
tions, growth will be more or less checked. The
shrubs must be planted closer together than they
would be in the open, the distance apart depending
upon the species.

It is necessary also to give the shrubs special
attention in the matters of soil, fertilizers, moisture,
and care. To get the best results possible, happy-
go-lucky methods of planting and culture will not
do. In such an unfavorable environment, the
shrubs must be nursed.

Few, if any, of the shrubs cultivated in Canada
will do really well in shade or even in partial shade.
Many kinds will grow, however, in some sort of
way — usually stunted and straggling. If you are
contemplating edging a walk in a passageway about
ten to twelve feet wide, which only gets the sun
for a short time in the early morning and for about
three hours after noon, but where there is plenty of
light and air, plant the Japanese barberry (Berberis
Thunbergi). It would grow about two feet high.
Plant fifteen inches apart. Berberis aquifolium
(Mahonia), about the same height, would be satis-
factory if hardy, which probably it would be in a
sheltered situation. The common privet (Lz-
gustrum vulgare) and the California privet (L.
ovalifolium), planted twelve or fifteen inches apart
and kept well cut back, are likely to do as well as
any. The mountain currant (Ribes alpinum),
mentioned in the May, 1910, GARDEN MAGAZINE,
page 250, is hardy at Ottawa and, therefore, should
be hardy in Western Ontario; it is an excellent
subject for the purpose here required. If an ever-
green hedge is wanted, the hemlock (T’suga Cana-
densis), in one of its dwarf garden forms, would
answer the purpose if kept within bounds by
pruning.

For the front of the house where room is limited
or so situated that it has only the morning sun until
about eleven o’clock, plant Spire~a Van Houtier;
its beauty and compactness make it ideal for almost
any situation.
(Cydonia Japonica) would give brilliancy. Many
other kinds might be mentioned, among them
Fydrancea paniculata, var. grandiflora, wayfaring
tree (Viburnum Lantana, var. rugosum), flowering
almond (Prunus Japonica), and, if protected when
young, golden bell (Forsythiq suspensa).

For hedges akout the house use the common
arbor vite (Ihuya occidentalis) or one of its varie-

One specimen of the Japan quince |

STOP 2P CARRYING WAT |

ei =e!

It’s a need-
lss waste
of time and

ehrenet by n't.

‘ you know that it

EAs Nu would be money ii your

| pocket to have a yump

HANAN ' bring the water from the

| in ff eld well just where you

iH ‘ need tt— 1 k tchen. vari

| ocbarn? Wemakepumps
yum, from $3 to $300. |
Seemes

MW I Put a

sOU LDS;
PUMP Yi!

Send for our free book--
“WATER SUPPLY FOR TUE 100.”
It teils how best and most economi-

cally tosolve the water problem in the

country. Gct it and study gor ense.
Ss
The Goulds Mfg. Co., NS? "4,Ful St.

All you have to do is to

SPECIAL BULB OFFER

Purchase your bulbs from us now and surprise
yourself with beautiful flowers 1.ext spring. For
only 20c we will send postpaid 25 Mixed Crocus,
the largest size bulbs exported from Holland, er for
only 40c we will send postpaid 25 Extra Choice
Mixed Tulips. In ordering please sat: wheiher
Single or Double Tulips are wanted. Our
Autumn Bulb Catalogue will be mailed free to all.

M. H. BRUNJES & SONS
1581 Myrtle Ave. Brooklyn, N. Y-

Astronomy

FOR

Everybody

y
PROF. SIMON NEWCOMB

A popular book on astronomy
which the whole family will
read and can understand.

“(A book which should be familiar in

every family. More iascinating to
the average inquisitive child than
‘Alice in Wonderland.”

—Louisville Post

100 ILLUSTRATIONS
Net, $2.00 (postage 1G cents)

Doubleday, Page & Company
Garden City, New York

; F tion about 1 "
NovemeBer, 1910 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE a Gre BALE Seseres 197

°
Plant Fertilizer
Use it now on flowering plants of all
— kinds, chrysanthemums, etc., and it will
bring about most marvelous results. An
application now will keep your plants in
THE GREATEST DISCOVERY) |} fine healthy condi ion throughout the Fall
OF MODERN TIMES. and Winter, and enable them to withstand
PLANT F0() ] the severe weather, The life-g -giving prop-

erties diffused by ‘ BONORA,"’ espe-
| cially at this time of the year, has a lasting
} and permanent enecty Order through
your seedsman or direc’
Put up in dry form in uu size packages
as follows:

z |b., making ae gallons, postpaid, $o. i H

SMe OF At
TOMDS oe At i oe
Reavidern, Fe), 22.50

BONORA CHEMICAL CO.
488-492 Broadway. cor. Broome Street

New York

Hy, VME LLM WU TU a( Y

Buy From A Specialist
SEE CIVEN TREES
Choice Evergreens aa Planting
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS
Write for large illustrated catalog.

D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist
Box 106, DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

| BEAUTIFUL HARDY FERNS

Now is the time to plant these laces and embroideries of
Nature. We offer the following at 25c. each prepaid or $10.00
per 100 by express:
Christmas Fern, Shield Fern, Fragrant Fern,
Cinnamon Tern, Eagle Fern, Bracken.
Gossamer Fern, Becch v ern,

Special: 50 clumps, all varieties found in this locality, for $5.00 prepaid.

AMERICAN NATIVE NURSERY, Greenfield, Mich.

FLORICULTURE

Complete Home Study Course in practical Poricul-
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell
University.
Course includes Greenhouse Construction and
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and
Vegetables, as well as Flowers Under Glass.
Personal Instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day.
oe s THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Prot. Craig Dept. G. F., Springfield, Mass.

Tne Greatest A BLUE ROSE

Rose Novelty The new Rambler (Violet Blue), very vigorous and
of the Century hardy, and free blooming.

Send for description and price.

ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

GEORGE H. PETERSON
ROSE AND PEONY SPECIALIST
Box 50 FAIR LAWN, N. J.

Competent Gardeners

The comforts and products of a country home are in-
creased by employing a competent Gardener; if you want to
engage one write to us. Please give particulars regarding
place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We
have been supplying them for years to the best people every-
where. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seeds-
men and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City.

Warcest (sous) stock of
Hardy Plants in America

Catalogue on Application

ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., Pitrssurc, Pa.

November Isn’t Too Late

to plant Bulbs in the border or in lawn beds.
and with VICK QUALITY BULBS there is no
question about your success. If you haven’t

seen our Fall Bulb Catalogue, ask for a
copy quick—it means money and garden
success for you.

JAMES VICK’S SONS,
362 Main St., Rochester, N. Ye

On Christmas Day
in the Evening

By Grace S. RICHMOND
Author of ‘‘On Christmas Day in the Morning,’ etc

@ A charming holiday story with the breath of holly and
cedar in every page. It will repeat the success of the other

delightful story, ““On Christmas Day in the Morning.”
Illustrated and decorated. Fixed price, 50 cents (postage 5 cents).

By the author of “ Elizabeth

The Caravarers, and Her German Garden.”

@_A masterpiece of subtle humor and insight into contrasting
Teutonic and British points of view. A charming story of the
rediscovery of ahusband. From the moment the Baron de-
cides to celebrate by a caravan tour the anniversary of his
first and second marriages, you will follow with laughter
and keen enjoyment this cleverest of satires. JMlustrated. $1.50.

Compiled, illustrated and illu-

Co lonial Holidays. minated by WALTER TITTLE.

@ A beautiful and elaborate gift-book. It comprises a
large number of contemporaneous descriptions of holiday
celebrations, from the earliest Colonial times up to the begin-
ning of our National life. Net, $2.50 (postage 25 cents).

Red Pepper Burns. wy Grace s. Ricumonp

@ The romance of a country doctor. p===e-5
Mrs. Richmond makes a highly lovable
hero of this impetuous, whole-hearted
young physician. She has clearly studied
her hero from life, and few living authors
could have portrayed with such charm the
old-fashioned characteristics of American
life. The love story is charming.
IMlustrated. Fixed price, $1.20 ( postage 12 cents).

Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, few Work

—-

,
By

— aes

I ish t t ti: busi th \
198 ee Sener wuty tetanic SNOT Giceedions THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NovemMBeER, 1910

ties. It submits to regular pruning and forms a
dense growth. Norway spruce (Picea excelsa)
Be icamelecan go for days makes a good hedge, but it requires more attention

without water, but the man j ; than the arbor vite to keep it uniform and within

: ) : bounds. The Japanese barberry, recommended
on’ shis “back ‘canet Neither can for the shady walk, will make a good hedge and will

you or your family. ye | ee BAAS fs grow twice as high in the open. Rhamnus Fran-
we SS S - gula, a species of buckthorn, makes an attractive

HR AN Ch. : : hedge. Deciduous hedges may be made from
[ HE REE< O a3 A ai eS oe S oo privets, honeysuckles, lilacs, and various other

ak re] aos shrubs.
Va Se alee Plant shrubs early in spring everywhere, or in fall
Water Supply System cao = - ere o tee eee meee oe evereteers yan
ay and june or in August. en transplanting
keeps an abundant supply of water from _ dinary care, will outlast a generation of users. purer aa pee pete and thor-
well, spring, brook, lake or river in any part Theyrange in size from a capacity sufficient thes y water and, if practicable istsd al
of the house, barn or garden. for the requirements of the largest apart- Oniane. iN, i, Gamnave.

Reeco engines are operated by hot air ment house to that of the smallest cottage.
(with coal, wood or gasoline fer fuel) orby The Reeco System is used by the

electricity. They are safe, noiseless, com- United States Government and
pact and automatic in action—a boy can morethan 40,000 others. Its es-
start and stop them. Sentials have been approved for
The initial expense is surprisingly low and years; its improvements keep it
the cost of operation isso smallastobe prac- up with the times.

tically negligible. Yet they are absolutely write to our nearest office for Catalogue U and

. : : 1 el au
reliable at all times and seasons, and with or- _eh,"5,'s!1 You the cost of a water supply 77 ready

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.

35 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK 40 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO
239 FRANKLIN STREET, BOSTON 40 NORTH 7TH STREET, PHILA.
234 WEST CRAIG STREET, MONTREAL, P. Q.
22 PITT STREET, SYDNEY, N. S. W.

No me as in mows: the Clothes Dry on Wash-Day | 4 Unesual Hydrangea

When using the “ CHICace, FRANCIS Combined Clothes Dryer and Laundry Stove. Clothes A NATIVE to Northern China, Hydrangea

3) are dried without extra expense as the waste heat from Bretschnetderi is in many ways similar to our
laundry stove dries the clothes. Can furnish stove suit- | well-known hardy hydrangea (Hydrangea pani-
able for burning wood, coal or gas. Dries the clothes as | ©#//a), but is in all respects more refined and
perfectly as sunshine. Especially adapted for use in Resi- acre ie cer eee wee and tae es
dences, Apartment Buildings and Institutions. All Dryers eee Ree De a octous and cicada
are built to order in various sizes and can be made to fit folisne is sale green, somewhat similar to Aris ke
almost any laundry room. Write today for descriptive cir-

A the common hydrangea, yet perhaps a little more
cular and our handsomely illustrated No. F 12 catalog. Hee The rae Sea ei pat, five to six

Address nearest office. inches across, with numerous large, neutral ray
TY flowers. They open early in July before those
ot ie CHICAGO DRYER CO. or DRYER MFG CO. of the other members of the group, and are creamy
NIRS Tan deet Ra CanSUGRS Sala DEPT. F DEPT. F white in color. Gradually they change to a rosy
tion of “CHICAGO-FRANCIS” Dryer and Laundry Stove 385 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. 204 E. 26th St., NewYork City | tint ee remain comparatively fresh until No-
———SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS5S—55SSS5 5 22S | :~Vernber.

The plant is good in habit, free flowering, and
particularly desirable for the garden. It grows
in a good loam, but does its best in a moist soil in
full sunlight.

OCTOBER and NOVEMBER ||" =e
Plant

Hardy Northern Grown
Trees, Shrubs and Vines

We grow a full line of everything
for the

HOME GROUNDS

Our new illustrated catalog will give descriptions and prices,—
free upon request.

The Bay State Nurseries, North Abington, Mass.

A hydrangea whose flowers remain comparatively
fresh from July until November

i

'%
5 NoveEMBER, 1910
i

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give information
about the latest automobile accessories 199

Erected for Mrs, F. H. Lovell, Madison, N. J.

Have Flowers
All Winter

Grow them in this greenhouse. It costs only j
$. complete, ready for immediate erection.
Shipped knocked down, glassallin. Any handy
man can put it up. Price includes benches,
radiating pipes, boiler and all. No extras.
Made from best of cypress, iron braced. No
foundations needed, is bolted to iron posts.
Perfectly portable, take it with you if you
move.

First time a full-fledged, practical greenhouse
has ever been offered so low. e make them

y the hundreds— Thoroughly Guaranteed.
Ship them everywhere. Get it before a frost
comes. Send for booklet.

r Lf] _.1170 BROADWAY. N.Y.
(rlircHines & Cc

That's all that is necessary if you use the time-saving,
labor-saving, all metal, rust-proof and leak-proof

Illinois Self-Watering Flower Box

You will have better, hardier, longer-lived plants. Our box is for in-

door or ontdoor use. It is inexpensive and so/d on 30 days’ FREE
trial. Descriptive booklet FREE.

ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING CO.
33 Dearborn Street Chicago, Ill.
117 Winston St., Los Angeles, Cal.

Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., Dist. for N. Y., N. J. and Pa.

_JOHNSON’S KLEEN FLOOR FREE

_ Send postal for sample to prove that it takes out floor stains without injuring
_ the finish and that you can restore original beauty to any hardwood floor,
Stairs, etc. Send postal now for Booklet Edition G. M. xz

S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Racine, Wis.

FAIRFAX ROSES

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free
W. R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

BURPEES 228%"

my ‘Leading American Seed
Catalog,’’ for 1910, address BURPEE, Philadelphia.

MAKE MONEY
»GROWING VIOLETS

MEN and WOMEN w rite today for o.1r FREE BOOK-
; LET, ‘‘Money Making With Violets,’ and learn how to
M& crow Violets OUTDOORS ALL THE YEAR in cheap cold
frames and .ardens or INDOORS in window gardens, potsand
boxes. Hundreds of blossoms easily grown aad quickly sold at
handsome profit. In demand everywhere. A paying business
or fascinating recreation. Our plants are hig producers.
Elite Conservutories, Dept. A, Hyde Park, Mass.

| Costs little
4 to start.

BEAUTIFUL FOR CHRISTMAS GIFTS

; ‘The Perry Pictures

_ Reproductions of the World’s Great Paintings
Awarded Four Gold Medals. ees -

ONE CENT

hy each for 25 or mure

Size 534 x8. (6 to ro times the size
_ of this Baby Stuart.) Send 25c.
for 25 art subjects, or 25 for chil-
dren or 25 Kittens or 25 Madon-
nas, or $1.00 for the 4 sets, or for
_ Art Set of x00 pictures, or for 21
Jarger pictures, 10 x 12 inches.

: ORDER TO-DAY

_ _ Beautiful Catalogue of 1000
_ Miniature illustrations and 2 pic-
i for 6c. in stamps.

THE PERRY PICTURES CO.

‘Box 1460 Malden, Mass.

HE WHO USES CYPRESS BUILDS BUT ONCE

—

fe eal

SO MANY PEOPLE KNOW

so little about woods
(and their relative values—How is it with you?)

SO MANY PEOPLE THINK
that “LUMBER IS LUMBER’’—(How often do YOU
specify the kind of wood you want used by your builder?)

SO MANY PEOPLE BELIEVE

that frequent Repair Bills are ““Necessary Evils’?—
that we believe we are doing a public service in informing you and other intelligent people on

(‘THE WOOD ETERNAL’’)

HERE IS CYPRESS /S. ANIRON PLUG: HERE IS CYPRESS VS. WEATHER:
About 110 years ago, when Louisiana was a French ¥
Province, the Water Mains of New Orleans were A photograph of a CYPRESS SHINGLE
CYPRESS logs, 18 feet long by 22 inches diameter, from the Austen Homestead, Staten Island, N.Y.
with a 5-inch hole bored lengthwise. These were built in 1710, and at last accounts still occu-
joined by short iron tubes, tapered at both ends. A : 5 ate F ;

pied by descendants of its original builders, with
the original CYPRESS roof practically intact.

few years ago these were replaced by the most modern
system. Below is a photograph of a section of one
of the CY PRESS mains just as it was dug up—as sound
as ever after 100 years’ contact with wet earth

“* He who uses CYPRESS builds but once.’
Below is a photograph

of one of the iron con-
nections just as dug up
—most of them rusted
past all usefulness.

CYPRESS is in truth ‘‘the wood eternal.’’ If youare putting up a palace ora
pasture-fence, and want to build it ‘‘FOR KEEPS’’— USE CYPRESS.

There is going to be a liberal education (and a wonderful INVESTMENT value for you) in this
CYPRESS advertising—and in the detailed information and reliable counsel to be had promptly
WITHOUT COST, if you will WRITE US YOUR OWN NEEDS (big or little), and ASK YOUR
OWN QUESTIONS of the ‘‘ALL-ROUND HELPS DEPARTMENT” of the

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION

1299 HIBERNIA BANK BUILDING, NEW ORLEANS, LA.
Probably your lumber man sells CYPRESS; if not, WRITE US, and we will tell you the dealer handiest to you.

The New Way—
Stain your clapboards
Do not cover the grain with paint. Bring out all the
natural beauty of the wood by using : i
Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stains

They not only beautify, they Avozect, adding years to the
life of the wood. And the colors will not fade. The
secret lies in the use of the best English ground colors
mixed in linseed and our own Dexter Preservative oz/s.
Let us help you with your colorscheme. Write for booklet and
sample minature shingles TODAY:

DEXTER BROTHERS CO., 110 Broad St., Boston, Mass.

Branch Office, 1133 Broadway, N. Y.

Makers of PETRIFAX CEMENT COATING
AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co.. 651 Washington Boule-
vard, Chicago, John D.S. Potts, 218 Race St., Philadel-
phia, Pa., R. H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand
Rapids, Mich., F. T. Crowe Co., Seattle, Spokane, Ta-
coma, Wash. and Portland, Ore., Carolina Portland
Cement Co., Atlanta, Ga., Birmingham and Montgom-
ery. Ala., Jacksonville, Fla., Charleston, S, C., New
Orleans, La., F.S. Coombs, Halifax, N.S.

Be sure the words
Dexter Brothers
English Shingle

Stains are on every

barrel, keg and box.

= ie
KELLEY & GRAVFS
Architects, Boston, Mass.

I} you are planning to build, the Readers’
Service can ojten give helpjul suggestions

NKIS/\/\ NEE
XDD
bl / Snel q

re

et

The charmihg glassed-in porch of Mr. Leroy Frost, Nyack, N. Y.

GLASSED-IN

Ae you going to allow Jack Frost to make you

give up your porch again this year,

freedom, all its pleasures ?

Or are you this very minute
ready to talk over with us the ad-
visability of glassing it in ?

Don’t begin to look worried be-
cause you cannot see how it is
going to be done and be every way
practical. That’s our side of it.
But if you do want it thoroughly
practical — 2, ‘‘ glass-in’”’ that will
be storm tight and satisfactory for
the colder months; one that is
easily removable when warm wea-
ther comes — then let us equip you
with one of these cold-proof sun
houses.

You will win out in the end by
placing the contract with us, be-
cause we are constantly doing a
large amount of this kind of work,
and have men who understand it.
Our factory is equipped for it. Our
business is exclusively the making
of various kinds of glass en-

=

bi iia ee:
The glassed

with all its

RAY

Gasol in e phere

panel sections
this and are easily put up or taken down

LORD AND BURNHAM COMPANY s.'izne: bias

{| SP

TEE Y GAR Daan

tf

PORCHES

| closures, such as greenhouses, conservatories, sun

rooms and so on.
SE When you place your order with

| us, we will prepare all the ma-

| terials at our factory and ship
everything so that when it arrives
on your grounds it can be put up
at once. There will not be the cus-
tomary delays and building exas-
perations which you have such
reason to dread.

We will do the work from start
to finish. If you want it heated we
will install that for you, and fur-
thermore, will guarantee it to heat
satisfactorily.

If you want a glass-in that is con-
sistent in design and thoroughly
well made in its every detail, then’
we would like to do it for you.

Our new catalog shows several of
the recent things we have. done in
Glassed-In Porches, Conservatories
and Greenhouses. If you are in-
terested, we will gladly send you
one of these catalogs.

Philadelphia
Heed Bldg.

ees
are made like

Chicago
The Rookery

LEADER

Machine

Has 3% Horse-Power, 4-Cycle Engine
and Hopper Jacket for Ccoling

Boston
Tremont Bldg.

with
the

It supplies 10 nozzles at a pressure of 200 Ibs. with safety
valve blowing off, and this service can easily be increased
without overtaxing the engine.

A Complete Spraying Rig

and it will refill the tank, saw wood, grind feed, run your repair
shop, shell or clean your grain, run the cream separator or the churn,
and is safe, simple and satisfactory.

Also 2-Horse-Power Rigs with Triplex Pumps—We also manufac-
ture a full line of Barrel, Knapsack, and Power Potato Sprayers with

Mechanical Agitators and Automatic Strainer Cleaners. Catalog FREE.

FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.

48 11th St., Elmira, N. Y.
General Agents i
JOHN DEERE PLOw Co. { Kansas City, Mo.
Cc. P. ROTHWELL & CO., Martinsburg, W. Va.
BRACKETT-SHAW & LUNT CO., Boston, Mass.

MAGAZINE

NovemBen, 1910

How to Ship Flowers in Quantity

HEN I first commenced shipping flowers to
market, I tried flat pasteboard boxes, but
found them unsatisfactory. ‘Then for a while I was
successful with tall, flaring baskets, with the bunches
standing on end. I followed these with boxes made
on the same principle, 7.e., cases In which the
flowers stood upright. I made many models of
this case, mostly with a stiff framework and light
sides, and with a little square frame at top and
bottom to hold the flowers in place.

But after several years of experimenting I evolved
the case that I am now using. ‘The idea is taken
from the egg case, 7.€., successive single layer
drawers resting each on the preceding one, and put
in from the top of the box.

The cases are sixteen inches wide on the inside
and thirty inches long, but the height varies so as
to make one, two, three, and four drawer sizes.
The ends are an inch thick, and the sides three-
eighths of an inch, and all lumber is selected for
lightness. The cover is made of the 3-inch mate-
rial, and both top and bottom are reénforced with —
34-inch cleats. ,

The bottom drawers are made with ends four
inches wide, with very light bottoms and no sides.
The other drawers have 3-inch ends and no sides,
and all drawers can be used in any case. When
packed, each drawer rests on the ends of the pre-
ceding one, and the height of the case is such that
the drawers exactly fill it.

My drawer-case is about three and a half inches
high, and is simply a single drawer with sides added.
The 2-drawer case is about six and a half inches
high, and the 3-drawer case ten inches, while the
4-drawer case is fourteen inches high. A 4- or
5-drawer case is the most economical; the former
will hold from 300 to 400 tulips and up to 1,400
daffodils. When packed, the weight is from
thirty-eight to forty-four pounds. . |

The flowers are packed with the stems to the
middle and flowers to the ends of the drawers,
and close enough to touch each other without being
pressed out of shape. The packing is continued
with each layer farther toward the centre, until
the stems would come over the flowers if more
were put in. If the distance is great or the weather
hot, we pack wet newspapers between the stems,
but the flowers are not watered at all.

Wax paper is then neatly folded in from the ends
and the sides; a very light stick notched at each end
is laid crosswise, a little back of the flowers, at each
end on top of the wax paper, and cord is caught in
the notches and drawn tightly enough to hold the
flowers from moving in any direction, but not tightly
enough to injure the stems. This is tied in a single
loose knot, and the drawer is set aside until the other
drawers of the case are packed.

It isfmore convenient to have the flowers, as
they are picked, tied in bunches of ten, twenty-five
or fifty, and they should stand in water as long as
possible before being packed. Do not, however,
leave the strings on, as the bunches will not pack as
smoothly. Count should be taken before packing
is begun.

When the case is packed, set the drawers in, use
two light nails on each end of the cover, tack on
a notice: ‘(Cut Flowers. Perishable. This Side
Up,” and the box is ready for shipment. As a
matter of fact, this case will carry about as well
upside down, for the flowers cannot move about
in the least.

California. CARL PuRDY.

NovemMBerR, 1910 THE GARDEN

An

Fa ncher Creek Tested

~~ ree:

Trees Ship Well:
ot: and Do Well

O* course you love the RD, trees and plants—the things
that you find it difficult to secure from most nurserymen,

Why? The unusual things can be produced to advantage
only by the nurseryman who loves them, too, and who has
special facilities for their propagation.

Rare Fruits and Flowers

Fancher Creek Nurseries makes a specialty of these new and
rare fruits and flowers—and our facilities for shipping to all parts
of the world are unusually good. Wehave hundreds of acres in
nursery, and supply everything needed by the large growers of
the Coast; in addition, we propagate choice varieties of the fruits
and flowers that grow in the Central and Eastern States.

Get These Two Books, NOW

“California Horticulture’, handsomely illustrated in half-tone and in
full colors, gives invaluable points on planting, pruning, irrigating, etc.
Price 25 cents postpaid.

Illustrated Price Catalogue, just out, new throughout. Write us your
requirements in trees and plants and we will send you a copy, free.

FANCHER CREEK NURSERIES, Inc., Box B., Fresno, California.
Established 1884. Paid- ‘Up Capital, $200,000.

Wovens Indian Basket EREE!

This genuine Indian basket is hand woven by
our Indiansin Mexico, 'from strong palm 4bre,
in soft colors, Durable, and useful as flower
pot, sewing basket, etc. Retails up to $1.00.

To advertise our business we will send you
one of these Baskets prepaid, © R EE, for 10
cents to pay packing and delivery charges.

We enclose free copy of our handsome Holi-
day Sale Catalogue of uncommon Indian and
Mexican Handicraft. Act quickly. Dept. ee

TUK FRANCIS E, LESTER (O., Mesilli Park, N.

Make the Farm Pay

Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture,
Morticuliure, Florieniture, Landseape Gardening, For-
esiry, Poultry Culture, and Veterinary Science under
Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof.
Craig of Cornell University and other eminent
teachers. Over one hundred Home _ Study
Courses under able professors in leading colleges.
250 page entalog free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Prof. Brooks Dept. G. P., Springtield, Mass.

A splendid rose manual—telling how to
cultivate, fertilize, spray and mulch
roses. Invaluable to every lover of the
Queen of Flowers, Mailed for ro
cents—send today. Box 24

PENNSYLVANIA
“Quality LA\WAIN MOWERS

THE ONLY MAKE WITH CRUCIBLE TOOL-STEEL
BLADES THROUGHOUT

Sheep Manure

Kiln dried and pulverized; No weeds or bad
odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden,
lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants.
$ 4 00 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order.
Delivered to your Freight Station.
Apply now.

The Pulverized Manure Co.,19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago.

This beautiful Piedmont Red Cedar Chest protects
furs and other clothing against moths, mice, dust, damp-
ness. No camphor required. Wand-rubbed polish. Dull
copper trimmings. Very ornamental. Ideal wedding or
Xmas gift. Direct from our factory. No dealer’s profit.
Write for Catalog “G.” Shows all designs with prices.
PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Dept. 93, Statesville, N. C.

I} you wish information about dogs 201

M A G A UL, I N E “apply lo the Readers’ Service

will lend a charm and individuality to your home that can be secured by no
other means. Our nurseries offer the finest selection in America for lawn
and garden planting, and our plan of co-operation makes possible beautiful

Old- Fashioned and permanent effects from the beginning.
You Need Not Wait Years for Your Garden to Grow

Pioneers in the successful MOVING OF LARGE TREES and SHRUB-
BERY, we have been doing this work successfully for years, and can show
many extensive plantings or send you photographs if you are at a distance.

The Attractive Garden

in the foreground was| More Than 600 Acres of Choicest Nursery Products

ie site of an old cow Ornamental, Deciduous, Shade and Weeping Trees, Flowering Shrubs,
arn two years ago Barberry, Privet, Evergreens, Conifers, Hardy Trailing Vines, Climbers and

zzz};

Sss

UU 1D)3K

(HMI

Especially For Garden Readers

Everything for the Home Garden,
including Fruit Trees, Berry Bushes, etc.

3 We will make a planting plan of your place, selecting
trees, shrubs, etc., suitable to soil and situa-
tion, and give you the exact cost of plant-
ing the sime. Write for Catalog A
and Instruction Book.

’ The Stephen Hoyt’s Sons Company
Est. 1848. Ine. 1908.
New Canaan, Conn.

; Ds
* aa rae On.

A Greenhouse

Large enough for most of your needs; small enough
not to beacare. It is built with the curved eaves, wide
glass spacing and glistening aluminum interior finish.

We can show you why it will grow more and better
flowers than any other construction and require less re-
pairs. Send for catalog or send for us.

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

PIERSON U-BAR CO.
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 1 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK.

UMM

Uf,

TP

@@E@CHCUM

I ish ii jon about do,
202 eRe Me Rt THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NovEemBeErR, 1910

$40.00 Buys One of Hicks’
Big Maples, tie eates, 2 ee

mens like these?
5 ' phn of Bane a snag.
ess, barren looking place
Oaks, Lindens, today, and tomorrow wake
up and find a tree 25 feet
e high sheltering one corner
or ata 1 of your piazza or beautify-
ing your grounds! Isn’t it
worth even $70.00 to have
trees 20 to 30 feet high and
witha spread of from 14 to

20 feet?

It takes 25 years to grow
such trees. Do you want
to wait that long to grow
yours?

If you were buying a
place today, would you be
willing to pay additional
for one with good sized
trees? Of course you would
and so would anyone if they
wanted to buy yours.

Hicks’ big trees add to
the value of your property
—they are nota luxury, they
are an investment.

You take no risk in buy-
ing our big trees. We guar-
antee them to thrive. If
they don’t, yourmoney back
or a new tree. ‘lhe fall is
the time to plant them.
Come and pick them out
or send for the catalog and
order direct from it. Big
trees can be safely shipped
1,500 miles at this time of
the year.

Isaac Hicks
@ Son

Westbury, Long Island

ORIGINAL “CUTAWAY” TOOLS

Clark’s One Horse Market Garden or Grove Harrow is made reversible to
throw the soil either to or from the plant. It is especially desirable for the
small garden, truck or market gardener’s use.

This tool is used extensively among gardeners, and in Florida it is also
used for orchard culture. It is a great labor saver.

Made in Three Sizes:

‘No. O, 1 horse with two gangs of 5 14-inch disks each.

No. OO, Light z horse, two gangs, 6 14-inch disks each.

No. OOO, Heavy 2 horse, two gangs, 7 14-inch disks each.

We make several sizes of special disk tools for every special crop.

Send today for new Booklet ‘‘ Intensive Cultivation.” Of course it’s FREE

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

902 Main Street Higganum, Conn.

Stewart Edward White’s Books

gives the best, broad interpretation of American out-of-door life. His outdoor novels
and adventurous narratives sound the deep call of the free, wide spaces.

The Rules of the Game. Fixed Price, $1.40 (postage 15c.)

The Riverman . . $1.50 The Silent Places . $1.50 The Westerners . $1.50
z : Conjurer’s House. 1.25 Blazed Trail Stories 1.50
Arizona Nights . . 1.50 The Claim Jumpers 1.50 The Blazed Trail . 1.50

The Forest . . Net, $1.50 (postage 20c.) The Pass . .. Net, $1.25 (postage 14c.)
The Mountains Net, 1.50 (postage 20c.) Camp and Trail Net, 1.25 (postage 14c.)
The Mystery (With Samuel Hopkins Adams) $1.50

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

Magnificent Indian Azalea:
Grow Plants Indoors or Out

This stately Azalea, with its masses of hand. me flowers—white,
crimson, purple and all the shadesand variations yrows to perfection
with us, and we propagate more than fifty varietics

Our plants will succeed indoors in climates wher. the winters are too
severe for outdoor culture. Theillustration showsan Indian Azalea growing
on our grounds; equally good results may be obtained in the open ground
over a large portion of the country.

The high quality of our product in ornamental trees and shrubs, as well as
in fruit trees, vines and plants, is the direct result of 54 years’ knowing
how. Our new Catalogue explains the way we carefully watch and
thoroughly test everything we grow to make sure it is best, in every
sense. Ask for a copy of this book—and ask NOW

P. J. BERCKMANS CO., INC., Fruit'and Nurseries
Drawer 1070B, Augusta, Georgia.
Landscape Department, 414 Harrison Building

How I Installed Tile Drains

Te effect of tile drains upon the soil is to loosen

it. They also prolong the growing season
by removing surplus water early in the spring.
Flowers and vegetables growing near the drain
do especially well. The accompanying plan shows
how the problem of tile drainage was solved in one
small garden. The soil is a clay loam on a heavy

é Apple. ™~

© DWARF APPLES AND PEARS.
D Quince.
@ CHERRY.
> PLUM.
~@ PEAR
D PEACH.
@ Cras. Wf
® GRAPE.
\ * BLACKBERRY,
>» CURRANT.
SADE TREES AND SHRUBS Jj
DITCH NO.2, FALL, 3 FT. INIOOFT. <=

W001 NI 44d Zz VWs “WON HOLIG =—>

A system of tile drainage which has been a com-
plete success

clay subsoil. The drains are laid eighteen inches
below the surface, and the direction of the flow
of surface water is shown by arrows.

Ditches 1 and 2 separate the area drained from
the surrounding farm property.

Drains 1 and 2 discharge into a street catch-basin.
Drain r is a 6-inch sewer-pipe with a filter at A for
surface water, and a 4-inch lateral just above the
filter. Drain 2 is a 4-inch round tile. Its con-
struction was combined with that of the garden
walk which was trenched thirty inches wide and

A small garden in which tile drains prolong the
growing season

filled with stones, forming a continuous filter. The
top layer is cinders, thoroughly rolled.

A lateral was led off at B to drain the hotbed.
Another lateral was led off at C.

Drain 2 was put in by contract. It is 215 feet
long and cost $43, or twenty cents per foot. Drain
1 I built myself, and kept no account of the cost
of labor. This drain, including laterals, is about
325 feet long. The cost of the tile, delivered in
100-foot lots, was $7.50.

Ohio. Harry E. Scorr.

Growing an Aster Collection

Pee is too short to know the entire genus Aster.

Gray thought so; and gardeners who want the
best forms would better buy a collection from a
nursery, instead of trying to identify species in
the wild.

ee ee ee Oe ee eee ee

Famous
Consulting
Editors

JOHN BURROUGHS
“Winter Joys
Number.”

_ CLIFFORD B. HARMON
“The Flying
Number.”

DR. H. W. WILEY
Good Health

umber.””

LOUIS B. TIFFANY
“Tnside the House
umber.”

DoYou the

Life and Joys

of the Country?

Do you care for dogs and cows
and chickens; or for the garden with
its roses and vegetables and fruits;
or for the outdoor sports, golfing and
motoringand fishing; or for the prac-
tical questions of home building and
furnishing and saving? If you care
for any or all of these things, the one
magazine you actually need, and that
can serve you every day, is Country
Enfe im America.” So many have
needed it andtheir needs are somany
that, beginning with
the current number,
November, Country
Life in America will be
issued twice a month.
With two issues a
monthwe hope to meet
everyneed of every one
who feels the call of the
country—meet it in
helpful, practical fash-
ion and do it for a frac-
tlon over one cent a
day. The first of the
month issue will be
expansive, covering in
its articles and departments all sides
of country interest, while the mid-
monthissue willbe zntens:ve,amanual
covering some vital subject of coun-
try living in a thorough-going way.

Consulting editors of the highest
standing in their fields will give to
these mid-month special numbers
the stampof unquestionedauthority.
Louis B. Tiffany, the great authority
on decoration, is the consulting
editor of the first mid-monthissue for
November, the ‘‘Inside the House

Number,”’’ and these contents show

how comprehensive the number
will be.

The keynote of the number is struck by
Mr. Tiffany in the leading editorial, entitled
“The Gospel of Good Taste.’’ This is fol-
lowed by an article on first principles of dec-
orating and furnishing— a five-page article
prepared by the editorial department after a
thorough investigation of the subject and the
consultation of many authorities. Other arti-
cles include: WHAT IS AN ORIENTAL
RUG? By George Leland Hunter. VE-
RANDA FURNISHINGS, By Dorothy Tuke
Priestman. THE BEST
WALL TREATMENT,
By Mira Burr Edson. WIN-
DOW CURTAINS AND
DRAPERIES, By Dorothy
Tuke Priestman. HOW TO
BUY FURNITURE, By
Francis A. Collins. STEN-
CILEDWORK, By Harriet
Joor. SOME UNIQUE
CARVED FURNITURE,
By Dalton Wylie. SOME
AIS Ee Uri BA ay Ei
ROOMS (A Series of Photo-
graphs). THE POSSIBILI-
TIES OF THE CELLAR,
By Phil M. Riley.

The first mid-
month number 1s typical of what the
special numbersareto be, and the 72
regular numbers and the 12 special mid-
month numbers — 24 1n all—go to the
subscriber at the same price, $4.00 a
year, hitherto charged for I2 numbers.
May we send you, with our compli-
ments,a sample copy of CountryLife
in America and a full outline of our
1911 plans? Address us please at:
GARDEN CITy, LONG ISLAND, N. Y.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

Country Life

Twice a Month

in America

Famous
Consulting
Editors

PROF. C. S. SARGENT
““Rose Lovers
Number.”’

JOHN M. CARRERE
“Tittle House
Number.”

PROF. L. H. BAILEY
“Back to the Land
Number.”’

CHARLES J. GLIDDEN
““The Motor
Number.”

Tuer ORDINARY SASH PROTECTED BY UNSIGHTLY |
Back-BREAKING SHUTTERS

pRoDGBRy
Sash

pENING

A
AR ay
W eee ORDINAS

Tue CHILDREN CAN TAKE CARE OF

The invention that has
made winter gardening simple and really economical

The invention of Sunlight Double Glass Sash has done away with all the hard work of covering and
uncovering hot-beds and coldframes—has made it possible for amateurs to get bigger, better

Su; ee
NLicgyp Doug, -
E

LAss SA sa

vegetables and flowers than they can buy on the average market—and get them earlier.

Why you never have to cover

Sunlight Double Glass Sash

Sunlight sash have two layers of
glass instead cf one (See diagram).
Between the two layers is a inch
blanket of dry still air—a perfect
non-conductor — keeping in the
heat —keeping out the cold. We
have instances where plants under

where the single-sash joined the others. The care,
preparation, etc., of the two divisions were identical.

“On February Ist, 1910, under the Double-Glass’
Sash the lettuce plants were about half grown and in
a healthy condition and part of the radishes were full
grown and were pulled on this date. Under the
single-glass sash which has been sown entirely to —
radishes, but a very few plants remained. The se-
vere weather had frozen most of them.

““The coldest temperature recorded here during
this period was 17 degrees below zero, and we had
many nights and days of zero weather. No coverings
of any kind were used.

What you can do

Sunlight Double Glass Sash went
through 15 degrees below zero
uninjured, though the beds were
not covered with mats or boards or any
other kind of covering.

The glass is held in place without putty.
Can’t work loose. Easily replaced.

Why the plants grow faster, hardier
Plants need light for rapid and hardy
growth. Since Sunlight Sash are never
covered the plants get all the light all the
time. This is the reason for the better,
earlier plants under Sunlight Sash.

Have fresh vegetables all
winter 5
Under Sunlight <4

Sash you can have lettuce
and radishes to eat all winter,
violets in bloom in the cold months, pan-

sies in March or February.

Plants ready to set
out weeks ahead.
Tomatoes, peppers,
sweet-potatoes, cauli-
flower, cabbage and f
beets can all be for- %/@
Lafayette; J. G. Boyle, Instructor of Hor- warded to the field
SS ticulture; Purdue University — earlier from Sunlight

| how To use
\ “Gentlemen: We have tested the efficiency of your Sun- sash than they can

i Double-Glass Sash and they h oven entirely satis-
Hela wate | eh from the single layer

“November the first, 1909, we started an eight sash hot- sash.

bed into which we sowed radish seed and transplanted i n ¥
lettuce. Fifteen feet of this bed was protected by five of Agents wanted — A Splendid opportunity for

your Sunlight Double-Glass Sash and the remaining nine feet responsible persons in localities where we are not

was covered by three single-glass sash. A solid two inch 5 3
wooden partition was placed down through the hot-bed now represented. Write for details.

Send for these two books
1— Our FREE catalogue with net prices, prepaid freight and guarantecd delivery proposition. It
gives details, testimonials and full information of this wonderful invention.

2— A most interesting and instructive booklet by Prof. W. F. Massey, the well known authority
on Market Gardening in which he tells how to make and care for hot-beds and cold frames, and when

and what to grow in them.
Price of Prof. Massey’s booklet, 4 cents in postage stamps. If booklet is wanted, mark an X in

Two layers of glass instead of one

What one authority found out
by actual test

Cold Frames |
1nd Hot-Beds |

Opened Up &
\"lldht Doubte Glows Sean O°

Q ~ oy ey 2 ne square on coupon and enclose it with the stamps in your letter. Write today. :
: Ip - “,
Ly Poe: 5 “en <5 Ns 5
% 5 ed ?

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Company
927 E. Broadway

(INCORPORATED)

eae 3, Best 2 . ~.
BHR RHR HREEEHEHHHEHW

Be
COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

Louisville, Ky.

Emenee HeHmHw Ht
Ss hers lady (>)
a .
~
of
°
Vv
&y

DECEMBER Joys and Sorrows of a Irial Garden = 15c.

Trees for the Northwest Making a Greenhouse Pay $1.50 a Year
Sixth Annual “Round-up” of Gardening Stories

Vol. XII. No.5

COUNTRY LIFE

HOUREEDAY PAGE & CO. THE WORLD'S
IN AMERICA

GARDEN CITY AND NEW YORK WORK

WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND
GARDENS EVERYWHERE WITH OUR

World’s Choicest Narsery Products

Intending purchasers should visit our nursery and inspect the material we grow. We have
experienced men to advise you and the completeness of our assortment will insure you of
securing the proper material for every location. Having 250 acres of the most fertile ground
under cultivation places us in a position to fill orders of any magnitude.

SHADE TREES. 250,000 Trees for all places and purposes are growing in our nursery.

WEEPING AND STANDARD TREES. We have a large collection of these at:rac-
tive lawn trees. :

DECIDUOUS FLOWERING SHRUBS. Many acres of our nursery are planted with
these attractive Shrubs.

FRUIT TREES. Dwarf, Ordinary and Trained kinds. We carry a large quantity in
such kinds and varieties that grow in every part of the country.

HARDY OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS. We have thousands of rare new and old-
fashioned kinds. Special prices on quautities.

EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS. We have many acres planted with Beautiful Ever-
greens of all the hardiest and choicest kinds.

JAPANESE MAPLES. in all colors and varieties.

HEDGE PLANTS. We grow a large quantity of California Privet, Berberis and other
Shrubs for Hedges.

BAY TREES, DECORATIVE PLANTS FOR CONSERVATORIES. Interior and
Exterior Decorations are grown in our 150,000 ft. of greenhouses.

HARDY TRAILING AND CLIMBING VINES. Ask for special lists.

POT-GROWN FORCING PLANTS, for Winter flowers. ;

LAWN GRASS SEED. B & A Rutherford Park Mixture remains unequalled.

TUBS. We manufacture them im all shapes and sizes. Ask for price list.

OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE No. 25 describes the above. It

will also be found comprehensive and especially interesting and helpful to intending
purchasers.

THE GENERAL SUPERVISION OF PUBLIC GROUNDS
AND PRIVATE ESTATES A SPECIALTY

Visitors to our Nurseries are always welcome
We are only a few minutes from New York City

com plete

Hardy Plants in America

Catalogue on Application
ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., PitTspure, Pa.

Bobbink & Atkins

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters, Rutherford, N. J. |

Largest *! Stock of| BUY PLANTS THAT LIVE

NORTHERN GROWN PERENNIALS
I sell shrubs, trees, vines, perennial plants and flower seeds|
for ornamental hardy gardens that have withstood the rigid
test of cold Vermont weather. I know they have the consti-
tution to stand cold climates.
of having your plants killed the first hard winter. That is
what happens to plants grown in more southern localities.
My new catalogue is ready with the new year. It tells
about just the plants you should have. Send for it now.
FREDERICK HW. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont,

e. a QUART—40c. a GALLON for WATER for
SHING AND CLEANING—IF ONE KNEW?

LET US QUOTE AN ADVERTISE-
MENT FROM THE SOAP GAZETTE
AND PERFUMER:

““SOAP POWDER MADE BY THE NEW,

PROCESS LOSES WEIGHT RAPIDLY

BY EVAPORATION UNLESS IT IS |

SEALED IN AIR-TIGHT, MOISTURE-:

PROOF PACKAGES. SUCH PACK-

AGES CANNOT BE MADE BY THE OLD

METHODS SAVE AT PROHIBITIVE fe

EXPENSE.’?

Pearline is More Than Ever Best by Test’ f

|
|

Save yourself the annoyance

Grow Asparagus
In Four to Five Weeks |
All During the Winter and Spring |
Big white, showy stalks can be grown in four or five weeks,
Most dainty and healthful vegetable at a minimum cost. No |
trouble, no care from the time the bed is made until cut.
Reliable, practical method. A bed six by three feet will

produce asparagus enough for a family of five with some to
sell to your neighbors.

Forcing Asparagus Has Had a Thorough Try-
Out in France. :

The reliable and successful method had its beginning
in France. A French merchant upon retiring from
business removed to the outskirts of Paris, where he
devoted his energies to vegetable growing, giving particular attention to Asparagus
culture. It is his successful method of forcing that is related in our book. Every-
one knows the big profits in asparagus. - By this method you double the profits.

It has had a three years’ successful trial by the author of this book.

Table of Contents of Our Book.
New French Method of Asparagus Forcing.
How to start a Garden. _ How to force Asparagus for spring and
Seed sowing and transplanting. winter use. ;

How to force Rhubarb without glass. How to grow endive in the cellar. :
How to grow and force Carrots, Cauli-
How to start Tomatoes.

flower, Lettuce, Radishes, Turnips,
How to grow four vegetables in one Cantaloupes, Cucumbers.
garden spot. How to force Strawberries.

This book will be sent
postpaid with flexible
cover for $1.00. The
Library edition, $1.25.
Postoffice money order,
bank check or registered
letter. For further infor-
mation if desired, write
and it will be sent you
free. Address

Home-grown Asparagus raised by French method of forcing

HERMAN PUBLISHING CO., 550 Monadnock Bldg. | CHICAGO

Buy From A Specialist
Choice Evergreens SEECIEN TREES

Ornamental Planting
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS
Write for large iliustrated catalog.
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist
Box 106, DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

Saving the Trees of the South

OU, whose stately homes in the sunny South
are set among majestic and venerated trees;
you, who love the mystic beauty of the great

out-of-doors, the trees of which bespeak its crown-

ing glory; you, to whose care the trees were given

- by generations long since
passed away, to keep in
health and beauty for
those which are to
come — learn of the
needs of these trees.

The business of
the Davey Tree Ex-
pert Company and
the profession of
the Davey Tree Ex-
perts is the saving
of trees. John
Davey, the Father
of Tree Surgery, is

their teacher and
their guarantor. Tree
salvation is needed
and possible in the
South. MWeeded, because
your trees coy like oulee
trees, if neglected or
on abused. Possible. because

the Davey Tree Experts go South every Winter.
For four months, December to March, they will work
| from eastern Texas to the Atlantic. Beautiful booklet with
illustrations awaits your call. Write at once, stating the
number of your trees, the kinds and their location. We may
be able to send a special representative without cost or obli-
gation to you to make a thorough examination of your trees.

THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc. 1512 Oak St., KENT, OHIO

(Operating the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery)

ij

j

“| For information about popular resorts
DrEcEMBER, 1910 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE write to the Readers’ Service 207

THE FIGHT
FOR
CONSERVATION

By GIFFORD PINCHOT

4

[AN'S HOME
PANION

LET US
SAVE YOU MONEY

On the leading publications below.

BY special arrangement, our Subscription
Bureau is now prepared to offer you big say—-
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§| For an especially low price on any two, or
more, of the following magazines, merely add
their corresponding “Class Numbers,” and mul-
tiply by5. The result is your remittance rate—
20 to 33% % below the regular prices.

for Instance: Regular Price Class No.
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4 The following publications comprise the most

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this season:
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Sroososouwnnmnssesé
SSSSssSsssrasS

yu

9

Se, BOTS phe Se

-

Mr. Pinchot Discussing Conservation With
Mr. Roosevelt

@ No modern problem is of more
vital importance than this of saving
our natural wealth.

@ Mr. Pinchot is unquestionably our
highest authority, and in this volume
he explains very thoroughly the whole
subject of conservation in all its
bearings.

Net, 60 cents (postage 7c.)

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4 GOOD
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se)

FOR MENDING HARNESS

It takes a wax shoes, tents, awnings, pulley belts, carpets, saddles, suit
“thread, feeds cases, buggy tops, dash boards, or any heavy material.

1 @
Pot ee Boy Scouts of America
ee By Ernest Thompson Seton

__ any harness mak-
and

erimachine. It is indispen-
' sable for farmers. Agents \
* wanted. Sent prepaid for $1.25.
Lieut.-Gen. Sir Robert Baden-Powell, K.C.B.
HIS is the first book in America devoted to the Boy Scout movement. Mr.
Thompson Seton, so well known for his Woodcraft movement, has collaborated

| Send at once for catalog.
with Gen. Baden-Powell, the organizer of the English Boy Scouts. The result is a

STEW ART-SKINNER CO.
_ 28 Hermon Street, Worcester, Mass.
volume which will go straight to the heart of every boy who loves outdoor life.
Many Lllustrations. Paper: Net, 25 cents; Cloth: Net, 50 cents (hostage 7 cts.)
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., - - = : - GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK.

Official Manual of a Great, New Movement

Amateur, Fancier, Professional Breeder or General
Farmer—the Book you need is

“THE POULTRY BOOK”

672 illustrations. One handsome large volume.
Net, $5.00 (postage 50c.)

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
GARDEN CITY NEW YORK

only a few months be-

Florida’s Greatest Farm Colony

A Narrative of a Most Charming Spot Where Northern Men Are Changing Into Small
Farms a Region Where the Plow Has Never Turned the Sod. ;

HAVE been all over the great state of

I Florida. I have been up one coast and
down the other. I have seen all the
famous show places of the state. I have dipped
into the amethyst waters of Biscayne Bay and
I have slept all night at a turpentine still close
beside the stockade of a convict camp. I have
seen the mighty results of Florida’s wonderful
and incomparable soil. Last year I saw the
trend of the human tide of travel that was
pouring over the borders of Florida like a great
army of invasion. I
have often seen land

By E. ROY MELCENT

years in a northern city, and, mark you, this
man knew nothing of farming when he came.

Today he is rich beyond his wildest dreams of

youth. He can go out any day of the year
and pick growing things for his table. His wife
and babies are simply bubbling over with gener-
ous health, and this man is every bit as much a
prince as though ages of royal blood flowed
through his veins. I have seen many of such
cases. I have visited the many successful
colonies which have sprung up over Florida
and I have seen there
more peace, pleasure

values arise several
hundred per cent. in

cause of this tremen-
dous demand for Flor-
ida land. I know the
beauty of her exquisite
climate, her growing
verdure, her draped
trees festooned with
the dreamy Spanish

and profit to the
square inch than has
ever been my good
fortune to behold be-
fore.
Mind you these
northern men and
women who are filling
up Florida are not a
few hundreds in num-
ber but they can be
seen by the thousands

moss, her pines, palms
and palmettos, her
wonderful streams un-
like those of any other
region in the world,
and I have felt the gripping charm of her “‘out
of doors” that seems to hold one entranced as
though in a spell.

All the wonders of Florida it has been my
peculiar pleasure to have visited and viewed
during the past two years. I am wholly and
completely subdued and infected with the spirit
of Florida. It is the index finger on the right
hand of the world. Here are soon to come the
tireless greyhounds of the sea carrying full
cargoes to all parts of the universe on their way
to and from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
through the Panama Canal. This entire state
is one gigantic field of activity. Development
is in the aireverywhere. ‘The madness of money
and opportunity has grasped “Florida the
peaceful” in its unrelenting hands. The gov-
ernment has appropriated many millions for
the improvement of Florida waterways. ‘This
points to the nearby future when Florida shall
stand forth to the world with the most important
ports of call for the thousands of ocean going
vessels who-will have directed their courses
toward the Panama Canal and Florida. There
are more stupendous undertakings in this great
state than in any other section of our Union.

Florida has been known heretofore as the
“rich man’s playground.” but has now become
“the poor man’s paradise.”

We people of the North and the East and
the West do not really know what life is until
we have spent some time in Florida.

The beauty of the sky and landscape, the
bounty of climate and health, the voluptuousness
of foliage and farm, are nothing to be compared
with the great and limitless opportunities for
the man of ordinary means to establish himself
upon just a few acres and make those acres give
him all there is in life to own.

I have seen ten acres of Florida land produce
at the rate of more than $800 per acre. The
man who owned this garden patch of ground
came to Florida to die, after he had sickened
his body bending over a dirty desk for fifteen

‘

The Hilliard Inn and Manager’s Residence, Where?
You Will Be Made Comfortable When
You Visit the Colony

The formation of this

“loam underlaid with

and scores of thous-
ands. You may talk
with them from the
windows of your Pull-
man as you travel along and the universal
answer to your question is: “I would not go
back home for anything in the world,”

I must say, however, that the most charming
and irresistible region I have yet visited in
Florida is that famous colony at Hilliard, which
lies some thirty miles northwest of Jacksonville.
This was the proving ground of Florida, for it
was because of this famous colony that northern
men saw the wonderful opportunities of Florida
soil and came pell mell to the state in search
for land. This colony started the Florida land
rush, which is one of the greatest land move-
ments the world has ever known.

There are many reasons why this spot, which
is called the North Florida Fruit and Truck Farm
Colony, is entitled to
rank as the first and
choicest colony of
Florida. First, the
soil. No one .can ap-
preciate fully the won-
der working ability of
this soil to yield. I
have never seen come
out of the ground such
evidence of productiv-
ity. It is amazing.

soil is that of a dark
or highly colored sandy

The next excellent quality this region has,
in my opinion over all other farm colonies in
this state, is that it is naturally selfdrained.
The center of this colony forms a perfect water-

shed. Upon the one side the rainfall flows —

north; upon the other, south.
There is no danger of loss of crops from excess

of rainfall like in many other sections of the

state.
The Atlantic Coast Line railroad runs right

through the very heart of this colony in double |

track. Here one may step out of a Pullman car
directly upon colony ground. Here one may
load one’s products into refrigerator cars to be
kept in perfect condition until with the speed

of a mail train they are whisked into the eager |

markets of the north.

The great city of Jacksonville lies but thirty —

miles away. Here one may enjoy all the ad-

vantages of a metropolis at one’s very door.
Jacksonville is the fastest growing city in

the South, if not in the United States. Seattle,

with nowhere near the advantages of Jackson- |

ville, increased her population more than 500

per cent. during the past ten years, and I predict _

that Jacksonville will discount this record.

When the Panama Canal is opened Jacksonville —

will be one of the wonder cities of the world.
The North Florida
Land Colony will feed this nest of human
thousands. ‘These people must eat 365 days a
year. The local market must be supplied.
Here today are located the great buyers of
fruit and vegetable commission houses of the
North and Europe, and here is a crying demand
for more products than Florida can supply.

Jacksonville is a mighty city and its value
upon this great farm colony makes for this
region a greater future and a surer security of
steadily increasing land values then any other
colony in the state.

Hilliard and the North Florida Fruit and
Truck Farm Colony are located in Nassau
county, which enjoys a reputation second to
none in the state. These men and women who
make up the colony
at Hilliard come from
all over the globe.
You may talk to col-
lege graduates here as
they work in their
fields. You may see
business and _ profes-
sional men building up
an investment that will
wichin a few brief
months net them more
actual money returns
than half the highest
salaried bank and com-
mercial men receive in

the priceless clay sub-
soil that lends untold
value to all growing
things. This soil is virgin except of course
where these northern men and women have
tilled it for the past two years.

It is the same soil now with nature’s fertilizer
added to it for countless generations that it was
when the great Ponce de Leon first flung the ban-
ner of Spain to the soft Florida winds. All that
man has done has been to remove the giant trees.
The soil is primal in every sense of the word.

208

New Homes of Northern People in Hilliard

the large cities. ‘These
people are the essence

of cosmopolitanism.
They are bringing ideas with them. They
are putting these ideas into use. ‘They are

deadly in earnest, and the best part of it all
is that they are succeeding and are immensely
pleased with their homes and their work.
This region is the natural home of the paper-
shell pecan, which is probably the surest and
the greatest earner of profits of any tree that
grows, bar none. Here you may see pecan

Fruit and Truck Farm ©

DecEMBER, 1910

orchards by the score which within a few brief
years will be netting their ownersa minimum of
from $15 to $25 per tree and there are twenty-
_ seven trees planted to the acre.

There is but one necessary transaction to

A Ten Acre Paper-shell Pecan Orchard at Hilliard
with White Potatoes Planted Between Rows. Land
Cleared and Planted in Thirty Days

pecan orchards after they have acquired their
growth and that is the harvesting. The trees
are hardy, are almost indestructible in this
climate and keep a uniform yield that is subject
to none of the failures like other crops and pro-
ducts. The colony management plants pecan
orchards for those of its colonists who desire
or request it to do this.

While the pecan groves are maturing various
vegetable crops are planted, together with ground
fruits, between the trees, so that one is enabled
in this manner to have an income each and every
year during the early life of the pecan tree.
A single crop will often pay for the entire pecan
orchard. You must know that at this great
colony one may grow three cropsa year. There
is no one crop man in all Florida.

Now,when the whole North is settling down to

six months of ice, idleness, large coal and plumb-
er bills, and the northern farmer is doing nothing
‘but chop wood and mend fences, the Florida
farmer is tilling his fields, planting his third
crops, which he will send to market in mid-
winter and sell for prices that would set a
northern farmer by the ears with envy. This
is the beauty of Florida. You buy the land and
you pay your money for it according to the
number of acres you contract for, the climate,
the sunshine, the ability to walk around every
day in your shirt sleeves, these things belong
to the land and come to you free from nature.
Professor Knapp of the Department of Agri-
culture once said, in speaking at a banquet
in Jacksonville, “Florida from an agricultural
_ standpoint may be reckoned in this wise with
“respect to the values of her lands: Ten per
cent soil, 80 per cent. climate and Io per cent.
man; and the more man you put into the
| question the greater will be the result.” This
is all true.

Here at the colony at Hilliard is to be found
the truth of this trite saying. ‘The wonderful
garden truck and fruit yields simply astound
one with the limitless qualities of this soil.
Just.think of a spot that has all the advantages
of a northern community, nestling close by the
sea where the salt air makes everything, both
man and growing things, feel the activity of the
sea with its boundless health and its invigorating
winds. Because of the proximity of the At-
lantic ocean this colony enjoys the coolest of
nights in the heated days of summer, sunstrokes
are a thing unknown and the death rate is less
than seven in 1,000. The winds from the Gulf
of Mexico and the Atlantic ocean maintain a

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

steady current of air moving first from the east
and then from the west, for the peninsula of
Florida is in its widest point but 140 miles in
extent. During the winter these same influences
forbid the chill winds of the North to assail this
spot to any extent, and the warmth of the Gulf
Stream tempers these sea winds so that they
bring the breath of June during the month of
January.

The educational advantages for the man of
family are excellent here. There are fine schools
where the young idea is taught after the most
modern fashion, and a fine two-story brick
school for the colony children is in course of
erection now.

At Hilliard the colony has established a first-
class hotel, in charge of a northern hotel man,
and here for a moderate sum one can enjoy the
best of hotel accommodations without the fear
that he may be left to his own resources, as is
the case in the other new settlements in Florida.

Every movement that tends to bring this
colony to its best point of efficiency in the
nature of cooperation between the colony man-
agement and the colonists is practiced at this
colony. This spot is almost Utopian in this
regard, for although the people are complex
in their nationality and hail from all points of
our land, they are all wrapped up in the single
idea of making the North Florida Fruit and
Truck Farm Colony the biggest winner and the
most successful garden spot on the North Ameri-
can continent. If you like out of door recrea-
tion, hunting, fishing, boating and bathing,
etc., I can recommended no surer place to have
your fancies gratified than here. The beautiful
St. Mary’s River, truly a stream of dreams whose
shores are so fascinating that one imagines the
gods must have draped and festooned them

Gathering Potatoes May Ist at Hilliard. Planted in

January

CORNWALL FARM LAND CO.,

will read carefully what you send me.

CC i Ck i i i i ee ee ee ey

The Garden Magazine Free Florida Book Coupon

1534 First National Bank Bldg., Chicago, Ill.

Please send me “A Home in Town and a Farm in the Country” and all other
data and literature relating to your great colony. 1 do not agree to buy a farm, but

209

after some celestial plan of landscaping, affords
all the opportunity for boating and fishing,
picnicking and bathing one could wish for, while
charming beaches on the Atlantic ocean can
be reached in less than an hour’s ride from
Hilliard.

It is no wonder that this colony has spfung
into such universal esteem all over this country,
and why there has been sold more land here
in a few years than any other similar colony
has ever accomplished before.

In the first place, the men who compose the
colony administration force are men of sub-
stantial worth. You can put your finger on
their records and they are clean. In the next
place, the titles to this land are all guaranteed
by the Chicago Title and Trust Company, a
$7,000,000 corporation, whose reputation for
this class of work is world-wide.

More than the guarantee of title the colony
company guarantees to refund every dollar its
purchasers have paid within ninety days from
the date of their first payment if they visit the
colony and find it unsatisfactory to them or
their land other than has been represented to
them, and they agree also to pay additional 8
per cent. interest on such refund payments.

Thirdly, this land is sold at $25 per acre upon
the plan of only $1.00 per acre down and one
dollar per acre per month. At this price I
consider this land the very best investment
in Florida today even though one did not in-
tend to come down and cultivate it. This
value is a ridiculous one in the light of present
day developments in Florida. The colony has
now some 800 upon its breast and this fall
will see this number doubled.

The demand for this land is wonderful and will
undoubtedly exhaust the supply within a few
weeks or months at the most. This land is
all uniform and exceedingly choice, so that al-
most every farm is the equal of its neighbor,
and in this respect I know of no other body
of land in the state to so compare withit. The
colony has prepared a piece of literature which
they have called ‘““A Home in Town and a
Farm in the Country.” I say now that this
great work, prepared at tremendous cost, em-
bracing more than 100 pages 8 by 9 inches and
filled from cover to cover with facts about
this colony and Florida, is the greatest piece
of Florida literature ever issued. It is worth
any man’s time to read and no man who is
thinking of owning a piece of land should
neglect sending in the specially arranged distribu-
tion coupon below to secure a copy of this
book.

SC i ee ee ec

ee i a ey

ee

——

“He

At the New Address, Garden Gity, Long Island, N. Y. |

Since the last Talk of the Office was written
we have set up, electrotyped, printed and
bound the November numbers of our maga-
zines.

If our friends and customers could see the
work of finishing the building, installing

machinery, grading the grounds, and building -

roads all being carried on at one time, we
think they would not be too critical of the
work turned out during this period.

The month of October was a severe strain
on everybody. The month of November, we
hope and believe will see us comfortably
settled with the new machinery in place and
the whole shop running smoothly.

We repeat our invitation to all our custo-
mers to come and see us. There are frequent
trains from the Pennsylvania Station at 33d
St., and from Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn,
connecting with the subway down-town.

THE PRESIDENT’S BOOK

Does the general reader realize what a
new thing it is for the President of the United
States to prepare and send out a book giving
his views on subjects of vital importance to
our voters? This is what President Taft
has done in his ‘“‘ Presidential Addresses and
State Papers” which we have just published.

To understand the situation in politics
every good American citizen who is not
guided by hearsay or swayed by sensational
newspapers, or who forms his judgment on
current gossip owes it to himself to read this
book which President Taft has compiled,
revised and put in permanent form. It is
not a dull book, as volumes of speeches have
the reputation of being. It is a statement
of the country’s business affairs for the year
ending March, 1910, and is a striking ex-
ample of the way President Taft goes quietly
and frankly to the people with a frank state-
ment of the facts about their government.
One reader said of it:

“This book has been an eye-opener to me.
I thought I had followed the events here put
forth in the newspapers. I find that the
papers did not give me all the facts or in the

TALK: OF-TH

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

E

“To husiness that we love we rise betime
And go to ’t with delight.” —A ztony and Cleopatra

hurry of daily reading I missed the points
which are most important in fixing one’s
judgment. I never read a book of this sort
before because I thought it would be deadly
dull —I see I made a mistake.”

Thinking people, will find here the Admin-
istration’s statement of what its position
1S © —=

The Tariff

The Railroads

The Great Corporations

Conservation

Alaska

The Supreme Court

Panama

Income and Corporation Tax

The Merchant Marine

The Development of the South

Federal Economy and Expenses

The Waterways

The Philippines, etc., etc., etc., put suc-
cinctly after careful consideration and study.
Any bookseller has it on sale. Postpaid $2.00.

BOOKSHOP, PENNSYLVANIA STATION

Just about the time these magazines are
reaching our customers the rest of the Pennsyl-
vania Station will be open to the public, and
Doubleday, Page & Co.’s bookstore in
the concourse we hope will be found a pleasant
place to look over all the new books as well as
our magazines and pictures. Copies of every
book we publish will be obtainable in this
shop. Our readers are invited to call when-.
ever they are in or near the Station.

COUNTRY LIFE TWICE A MONTH

The November mid-monthly issue of Coun-
try Life in America is now ready. We have
spoken so often of this plan that we hope the
readers of The Garden Magazine will look
forward to this issue and buy it from the
news-stands. It is devoted to the inside of
the country house, and the Consulting Editor
is Mr. Louis C. Tiffany. Here are some of
the subjects that are covered:

The Gospel of Good Taste, Louis C. Tiffany.

How to Buy Furniture, Francis A. Collins.

“OFFICE

Window Curtains and Draperies, Dorothy
Tuke Priestman. |
The Power of Color in the Home, Frank |
Alvah Parsons. |
A Home-made House and Furniture, Edwin
Makepeace. i

A Stencilled House, Harriet Joor.
etc., etc., etc.

The price of the magazine on the first of
the month and the mid-month number has
been reduced to 20 cents a copy, and 24 issues
are given for $4.00 instead of twelve issues as —
heretofore.

|
\

THE GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC FOR IQII

The torr issue of the Almanac is just com-
ing from the press. We think it is the best |
that has been published and it is revised and
corrected up to date and many new features
have been added, including:

Who’s Who in Dogs, Who’s Who in Poultry,
and several new Planting Tables.

The price is 25 cents. Last year we sold
out every copy and we expect to do the same
this year although we are printing more
copies. It may be ordered through your book
dealer, or will be sent post-paid for 25 cents.

SUBSCRIPTION CATALOGUE

Our subscription catalogue has just come |
from the press. In it are given the names
and prices of all the magazines and we have |
gone into the business of furnishing any |
magazine to our customers in connection with |
our own magazines or those of any other >
publisher. We want to do the best we can.
and we hope our friends will write to us when- |
ever they need magazines of any description. }
We guarantee prompt and careful service
which is important at this time of the year.

0. HENRY’S LAST TALE IN SHORT STORIES
(JANUARY)

F : |

We may say, in passing, that the current

“Short Stories’ contains the last story

written by the late O. Henry, entitled:

“A Christmas Story.”’ Every bookseller in

the country has “Short Stories.” The sub- |
scription price is $1.50 a year.

‘|

: DecemBerR, 1910

a

a

~ Cover DESIGN——Snow in the Garden
:

New IpeaAs 1n GARDENING = < = -

Photographs by A. G. Eldredge

Joys AND Sorrows or A TRIAL GARDEN - VM
Photographs by the author

SixtH ANNUAL “‘RoUND-UP” OF GARDENING ST
Photographs by the authors

E

}

_ TREES FOR THE NORTHWEST = = -
Photographs by the author
:
i
:
;
1

MAKING A GREENHOUSE PAY = = =
Photographs by the author

CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE =
Photographs by A. F. Loomis, A. G. Eldredge and

READERS’ EXPERIENCE CLUB - = = =

Photographs by Margaret J. Mitchell
PAPERING THE DINING Room - = =

I RE-SERVED PoTATOES - - - é

|. SUBSCRIPTION:
$1.50 a year
Single Copies rs cts.

Entered as second
F. N. Dousepay, Presideni

Sunlight Sash m

:
i

' SuniicHt Douste GLAss SASH NEED NO COVERING
|! EVEN IN ZERO WEATHER

| This season do your gardening under Sun-
' light Double Glass Sash. You will be sur-
| prised at the fine plants you can grow — at
| the small amount of time and labor it takes.

For instance, you can
grow fine cauliflower to
set out in the field in the
Spring. Make your prep-
arations now to get the
full benefit of the sash.

THE ’GARDEN MAGAZINE

F Is THE SOUTHERN HEmMiLocK BETTER THAN THE NORTHERN ?

-- Ellen Eddy Shaw 226

REDUCING THE TIME AND Cost oF CookinG Myron T. Scudder 229

WILHELM MILLER, Epiror—Copyricut, 1910, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

WALTER H. Pace, Hersert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents

ht Double Glass Sash Co.,

The Readers’ Service will give you .
information about motor boats 211

Whisr oo ken

DECEMBER, 1910

PAGE
- - - 213

PAGE

Mrs. G. Wi'son 231
H. J. Wilder 231

MAKING A CEMENT WALK = = = =
A PracticaLt FENcE-Post DRIVER = =
Photograph by the author

PROTECTING SHRUBS FROM WINTER COLD =
Photograph by the author

A SEASON’S GARDEN LESSONS’ - = =

Wilhelm Miller 214

ae C. L. Mell
rs. Francis King 216 OT eae

W.C. McCollom 232

ORIES - - 218 W. H. Jenkins 232

PRUNING AND FEEDING ORCHARD TREES =
Photograph by the author

= C.L. Meller 222 RENOVATING THE LAWN - - -

Sydney B. Mitchell 234
SMALL SPECIMEN AND LAWN TREES FOR THE NORTHWEST

C. L. Meller 236
M. Roberts Conover 238

W. H. Jenkins 224

THE ART OF PRUNING AN APPLE TREE -
Photographs by the author

GROWING VINES FOR PORCH AND ARBOR :

others

C = - 228 H. F. Grinstead 242

A Rock GARDEN IN THE STREET - - Luke J. Doogue 244

Photographs by the author

: = = BRK) WINTER DUTIES IN THE GARDEN Syne = Thomas J. Steed 246

- - - 230 GARDEN PUBLICATIONS - - - - = 2 = 248

For Foreign Postage

add 6sc.

class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1870 Bon Garadanndece
ade 5c.

H. W. Lanier, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer

ake winter gardening

There is none of the back-breaking,
patience-trying drudgery of covering
and uncovering the sash. No mats or
boards or coverings of any kind are
used.

~ Qwde
SS — WE

BNE

a pleasure

for Hot-beds
and Cold-frames

2

hse

AND TO SELL
bloom in February or March. We have sold sash to
hundreds of amateurs, many of whom have sent in
their second and third orders.
Agents Wanted. Sell Sunlight Sash in your
neighborhood. Write us for proposition.
Send for these two book

1.— Our FREE catalog with net
prices, prepaid freight and guaran-
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2.—A most interesting and instruc-
tive booklet by Prof.W.F. Massey, the
well-known authority on Market Gar-
dening, in which he tells how to make
and care for hot-beds and cold frames,
and when and what to grow in them.

Price of Prof. Massey's booklet,
4 cents in postage stamps. Catalog free

oubl

The double layer of glass takes the place

of mats or boards

Between the two layers is a 56 inch transparent blanket
of dry still air — keeping in the heat— keeping out the cold.
Better than heavy, expensive mats or boards because it saves
labor and permits the plants to get all the light all the time
which means that they will grow faster and become hardier.

Glass slips in and is held in place without putty, Can’t
work loose. Easily replaced.

Read what amateurs grew last season

Fresh lettuce and radishes all winter. Cabbage, cauli-
flower, beets, tomatoes, peppers and sweet potatoes to set
out early in the Spring. Violets all winter, pansies in

Write to the Readers’ Servi
212 Pibihetise cece Nee a H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E DECEMBER , 1910

Some of California's Rare Plants
on Your Grounds or in Your Home

iN You need not confine your selection of plants, trees and 4
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By our plan you may grow, on your own grounds or in
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Hicks Pines Screened This Stable

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the logical solu- then plant it out
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like this. ss It’s thoroughly BEAUTIFUL FOR CHRISTMAS GIFT

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4
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|

The Garden Magazine

Vou. XII—No. 5

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

DECEMBER, 1910

REMINDER

{For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken as astandard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

New Ideas in Gardening

HERE’S nothing new under the sun,”

yet the ideas presented below were

new to everyone on whom we tried them,

and cur friends even said they were grate-
ful for the suggestions.

There is a new way of putting personal-
ity into your gifts, provided the recipient
is a lover of gardening. And it is par-
ticularly appropriate for a family gift.
In brief, the idea is to give nursery stock,
whether it can actually be plaited at
Christmas time or not. |

For instance, instead of cutting and
wasting thousands of Christmas trees
every year, why not plant long-lived
evergreens aS memorial trees at Christmas
times? Children could plant two white
pines in honor of their parents, with a
prospect of seeing these trees grow up,
and be admired by their grandchildren.
Of course, evergreens cannot be moved
now from the wild, only nursery-grown
specimens with a ball of earth will do.

Instead of destroying thousands of holly
trees, why not plant hollies in northern
yards where their red berries will be
attractive all winter? Of course, hroad-
leaved evergreens must be planted in the
spring, preferably April, but meanwhile,
you could order the holly trees, and the
story of your plans could be made a beau-
tiful Christmas feature.

Another big idea is to have your home
grounds express the Christmas spirit all
winter. For $5 you can get a dozen
kinds of shrubs with brightly colored twigs,
and these can be safely planted in Dec-
ember.

The following gifts may not have quite
so much personality in them, but they may
be easier to get and cheaper:

Bayberry candles. A Box of southern

decorative material, or a box of southern
smilax.

A set of electric lights for the Christmas
tree and a battery. This will cut out
the possibility of those shocking Christmas
fires.

A sumptuous garden book or a very
useful and comprehensive one, e. g., Bailey’s
“Cyclopedia,” ‘The American Flower
Garden,” or “‘Gardens Old and New.”

A year’s subscription to some magazine
devoted to country life or gardening.

One or more portable coldframes —
those handy little glass-covered boxes
about two feet square.

Japanese dwarf conifers in pots, costing
&1 to 320 according to age. (Some cost-
lier ones are said to be over 100 years old.)

A set of gardening tools for the children
or an automatic sprayer for the family.
Pruning shears make a jolly gift at Christ-
mas time, and can be used all winter.

A check for fertilizer enough to make a
garden a joy instead of a burden. Or a
check for extra labor enough to make the
difference between drudgery and happi-
ness in a vegetable garden.

At Flint, Michigan, at Christmas time,
I noticed that all the people in town hung
their holly wreaths outside the window
instead of inside, and was told this was
a much better plan because the wreath
lasted longer, no leaves were dropped
in the house, and the wreath was not in
the way of the shades. The wreaths could
be seen just as well from the inside, as if
they were in the room. Of course, the
double wreath costs more than the single
ones, but in any case a person would use
a double wreath for that purpose.

On the Grounds

1S most important routine work out-

doors during the winter is preventing
injury to ornamental plantings from ice
and snow. Immediately after a snowfall
go around and clean off the snow from all
evergreens which otherwise may become
permanently injured by being bent out of
shape. While ordinary garden operations
are suspended you will have abundance of
time to do underdraining, digging trenches
or any construction work on the grounds.
Drainage, by drawing the surface water
down, brings air into the soil which sweetens
it and makes growth in that place earlier.

While the appearance of big trees carry-
ing foliage is still fresh in your mind mark
out any plants for special pruning if it is
necessary.

Do you want to have the fun of raising
your own trees and shrubs? Take cions

) ONE DOLLAR Firry CENTS A YEAR
' FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy

and cuttings during December, bundle
them, labelling each one correctly, and
bury them in trenches for use in the spring.

In the Greenhouse

jee year’s plants must be thought of
now. Begin making cuttings if you

want a large quantity of geraniums, ver-
benas and such things. Early in the month
get any supplies of loam, leaf mold, sand,
pots and everything else that will be
needed during the winter. Much time and
money will be saved by getting everything
in readiness now. Place your orders with
florists and seedsmen now for any novelties
that have attracted your attention during
the past season. This will ensure prompt
and early delivery to you in the spring.
Orders of this kind are handled in rotation,
and “ First come, first served.”’

Lily-of-the-valley that has been brought
to heat will give flowers as needed.

If you have tomatoes under glass remem-
ber that you must pollinate them by hand
to be quite sure of the cross.

In the Vegetable Garden

INS that the crops are harvested you

will have leisure to look up the
record of your work and results. Make
written memoranda of the behavior of dif-
ferent crops that have been results of
different varieties.

Begin making up your seed list for next
season’s order. Do this with last year’s
results fresh in your mind, and you will
find it much easier than waiting until next
spring.

You can accomplish a good deal on the
ground by starting preparations for early
vegetables now, throwing the soil up into
ridges, making them as high and as narrow
as possible, with deep furrows. This will
expose the greatest area to frost and water.
Such land will be valuable for use some
days, and perhaps a couple of weeks, earlier
than would otherwise be the case.

Give celery in trenches a final covering,
using light litter a foot deep. Protect all
other crops that are outdoors in pits.

More ‘‘ Achievements”? Wanted

IN that the year ends we want each

reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE to
think over the experiences of the season and
tell us about anything that was a little
unusual. If possible, illustrate the account
with a photograph. We will gladly pay
for anything that can be used. Try now
to add just one little note to the achieve-
ment pool of r1gIt.

—

el

Southern hemlock

1 THERE is anyone harder to convince

about an important new fact than
myself I should like to meet the gentleman.
I remember how I hooted when a New
England nurseryman told me about five
years ago that the Southern hemlock was
more beautiful than the Northern. “Oh,
pshaw!”’ I exclaimed, “that’s only because
you have it to sell.”

The next year I read in “The Tree
Book” that the Carolina hemlock is
“more graceful, more compact, and has
a better head when older,’ than the
American hemlock. That should have
opened my eyes, for I have often had to
give in to Miss Rogers, but perhaps it
was a case of a prophet in her own country,
since we lived in the same family.

Last summer, however I was going
about the Arnold Arboretum with pro-
fessor Sargent and Mr. Dawson, when they
casually remarked that the Southern
hemlock was even finer than the Northern.
Then I began to sit up and take notice.

“T dare you to show me both trees side
by side!” I exclaimed, banging my cane
with some asperity, for I love the Northern
hemlock devotedly, and could not bear
to think of there being anything finer.

Evidently these gentlemen ‘“‘never take
a dare,” for without a word they led me
to two specimens about twenty feet high,
at the edge of the famous Hemlock Hill.
And at the first glance I felt something
within give way and drop with a sickening
thud. For, there is no use denying it;
the Northern tree may have more of an
air of sturdiness, but the Southern tree
unquestionably has more grace.

“Of course, you can’t show this,” I
began in my most offensively dogmatic
tone to my long-suffering companion,
Mr. Eldredge. “No photograph of a
whole conifer has ever been taken which

Is the Southern Hemlock Better

IT SEEMS TO BE A MORE GRACEFUL TREE, MORE COM

FLUFFIER IN

really exhibits its individuality. All
spruces look alike in pictures. It must
be totally impossible to show the dif-
ference in texture between these two trees.”

“Oh! I don’t know,” murmured the
photographer, and here are his results.
You can see for yourself that the Carolina
hemlock has a softer, fluffier, foliage-effect.

And the secret of this softer and fluffier
texture is revealed by the two detailed
pictures showing small sprays. Look at
the Northern one. It has a flat appear-
ance, because the needles are so arranged
that they seem to lie in two planes which
are parallel and close together. Look at
the Southern and you will see an additional

TEXTURE, BETTER CLOTHED WITH FOLI

row of needles which stand erect. Now
you have put your finger on the very thing
which, when multiplied thousands of
times, produces the characteristic texture
of the Southern hemlock.

Another thing which makes the Southern
hemlock more elegant than the Northern
is its greater compactness. This is due
to the branches of the Southern species
being short and stout, while those of the
Northern are comparatively long and slen-
der. As the trees grow older the dif-
ferences come out. The Southern tree
has a solider mass of greenery, and the
Northern is comparatively thin and poor
—but only comparatively.

|

‘the »ouvnern hemlock (7'suga Caroliniana) is a more graceful tree than the Northern, more compact, |
better clothed with foliage, and in texture it is softer and fluffer

Q14

Than the Northern?r—By Wilhelm Miller, 3:

PACT, WITH A BETTER HEAD WHEN OLD, SOFTER AND

AGE, AND IS ABSOLUTELY HARDY

Again, the Southern tree looks better
clothed, by which J mean that the branches
have leaves not merely at their tips, but
well back toward the trunk. Apparently
the old needles can stand denser shade.
For the Southern hemlock holds _ its
needles five years before dropping them,
while the Northern holds its needles only
three years. The longer an _ evergreen
holds its needles, the richer the mass
effect; witness the Oriental spruce which
holds its needles for seven years!

For all these reasons I should like to
see one or more perfect specimens of
Carolina hemlock on every Northern
estate, and groups of them everywhere

IN NEW ENGLAND

in the Southern Appalachians and_ the
Piedmont country. But I should not
like to see the Southern hemlock more
commonly planted in the North than the
Northern one, or vice versa. Let each
region multiply its own characteristic
trees until they dominate the landscape
and fill it with local color.

Ard, mind you, J say nothing against
Northern hemlock. We ought to plant
millions of hemlocks for their beauty.
Nothing gives so deep a sense of comfort
to the Northern landscape in winter as
white pine and hemlock. White pine
is more virile and cheerful, but hemlock
has a certain feminine grace which we

The Northern hemlock (J'suga Canadensis) and the white pine are the two most precious native ever-

green trees for ornamental planting in the North.

Hemlock often thrives where white pine fails

215

Northern hemlock

cannot afford to miss. Moreover, the
insect and other enemies of white pine
are multiplying at an alarming rate,
while good old hemlock seems better able,
on the whole, to withstand the pests.

Thousands of people believe that hem-
Jock furnishes the best evergreen hedge
we can have for American gardens and
grounds. And it certainly has some-
thing of the spirit of an English yew hedge.
But I should never plant a hemlock hedge
again, for I believe that Japanese yew
(Taxus cuspidata) is bound to displace
it eventually as a garden hedge.

We need more hemlocks in this world!
We need them for the year round beauty
of their feathery sprays, for the shelter
and cheer they give in winter, for their
exquisite new growth in spring, for their
music and motion in the summer breezes,
for their warm red bark in winter, and for
the inspiration which every tree gives as
it assumes grander proportions.

As to height the Northern hemlock has
the advantage, as it usually grows 60 to
70 feet high, while the Southern usually
grows 40 to 50 feet high. Occasionally a
Northern hemlock will attain too feet,
while the extreme height for a Southern
hemlock is about 70 feet. The trunk of
a Northern hemlock will sometimes be four
feet in diameter, while the maximum for the
Southern is about two feet.

The chief reason why the hemlock has
occupied an important place in the land-
scape during the last half century is that
its wood was long considered too poor for
timber. Sargent says it is “light, soft, not
strong, brittle, coarse-grained, difficult to
work, liable to windshake and splinter, and
not durable when exposed to the air.” But
even hemlock brings a high price now and
people are selling their finest specimens to
the lumbermen.

Joys and Sorrows of a Trial Garden—By Mrs. Francis King, mee

A PRACTICAL SCHEME FOR KEEPING UP-TO-DATE WITH THE NEW VARIETIES IN THE FLOWER GARDEN AND,
AT THE SAME TIME, AVERTING DISAPPOINTMENTS OR WASTING EFFORTS ON EFFECTS THAT ‘‘DON’T ARRIVE’”’

(CBE three* indispensable adjuncts of a
good flower garden, when considering
its upkeep, are in the order of their im-
portance: a tool-house well stocked, a
good supply of compost, and space for
a trial garden. In planting for color
effect the trial garden is a necessity. The
space for it may be small: no matter;
plant in it one of a kind. The gardener
happy in the possession of the visualizing
sense, may take the one plant and in his
or her imagination readily see its effect as
disposed in rows, groups, or large masses.

My own trial garden space is very
small; and my idea has been from the
first to secure plants for it in multiples of
four, if possible according to size. The
formal flower garden happens to be ar-
ranged alike in all four quarters of its
plan, and this habit of balanced planting
makes the trying out of eight or sixteen
of a kind a really economical thing in the
end. If the plants please, and the colors
form an agreeable combination with
others already in the garden, their removal
in the autumn from trial-garden rows to
certain spots in the garden proper is
simple.

A portion of the trial garden is kept
for seed, and the balance for small col-
lections of bulbs or plants; except so
much space as is reserved for the fours,
eights and sixteens mentioned above. Of
Crambe cordifolia for example, I should
never plant more than four, owing to its
great size and spreading habit of growth,
while of a dwarf hardy phlox eight should
be the least. It occurs to me often that
some of us underestimate the enormous
value of this wonderful plant. Sure to
bloom as is the sun to rise and set, varying
in its height as few other flowers do, with
a range of wonderful color unsurpassed,
perhaps unrivalled, by any hardy flower,
the gardener’s consolation in a hot, dry
August, when it maketh the wilderness of
the midsummer for-
mal garden to blos-
som as the rose —
there is a delightful
combination of cer-
tainty and beauty
about it which can-
not be over-praised.
Forbes, the great
Scotch grower, in his
last list gives six
pages of fine type
to this flower. It
is like a clock in
its day of bloom,
another great point
in its favor. I have,
for instance, three
varieties of white
which follow each

Nothing in the trial garden gives more pleasure than the daffodils.

other as the celebrated sheep over the
wall, each brightening as the other goes
to seed. No lovelier thing could be
conceived than a garden of phloxes,
a perfect garden of hardy phloxes; in
fact, an interesting experiment if one
had time and space for it would be a garden
made up entirely of varieties of phlox;
beginning with the lovely colors now
obtainable in the P. subulata group, next
the fine lavenders of P. divaricata, then an
interim of good green foliage till Miss
Lingard of the P. decussata section made
its appearance, to be followed by the full
orchestra of the general group of violets
and purples (basses); mauves, lavenders
and pinks (violas, ’cellos and brasses) and
the range of whites (flutes and violins).
At the close of this concert of phlox-color
the audience must leave the garden. The
pity is that August is its last hour. The

New columbines ‘Aquilegia) with larger flowers than
had been seen before

216

Flora Wilson on the right

strains of glorious music, however, follow
one over the winter snows.

But this ramble has carried me far
afield. To return to the trial garden;
heucheras in the following varieties were
admitted to this place last fall: brizoides,
gracillima, Richardsoni, splendens, Pluie
de Feu and Lucifer. They flourished
superbly, although their little roots had
been subjected to the test of a two weeks’
journey by sea and land from an English
nursery to Michigan. The flower spikes
of these hybrid heucheras were thirty-
two inches high by actual measurement!
Another year, when well established,
they should send up even longer spikes.
Their colors vary from very rich coral-
red to pale salmon, but invariably on the
right side of pink—the yellow rather
than the blue. This encourages me to
think of them in connection with sweet
William Sutton’s Pink Beauty (Newport
pink). Next year I hope to see the
heucheras’ tall delicate sprays emerging
from’ the flat lower masses of the others’
bloom, since they flower simultaneously.
Long after the sweet William has gone
to its grave upon the dust heap, however,
the heucheras continue to wave their
lace-like pennants of bright color. I hardly
know of any plant which has so long a
period of bloom. The only heucheras
familiar to me before were the common
species
vaunted variety Rosamunde. While these
are very beautiful, they have not with me the
height nor the generally robust appearance
necessary for full effect in mass planting.
The leaves of H. Richardsoni (which are,
as Miss Jekyll points out, at their best
in spring, with the bronze-red color,) make
a capital ground cover below certain daffo-
dils and tulips, and contrast well with
foliage of other tones which may neighbor
them in the latesummer. These heucheras
are not common enough in our gardens

or in simple borders.

Their brilliant ap-

pearance joined to

the long flowering
_ period makes them
garden plants of rare
quality. Let me
suggest placing one
of the brighter varie-
ties before a good
group of white Can-
terbury. bells with
the same pink sweet

William already

mentioned near by.
eByesnear by’? I

mean really close
by, no interfering
spaces of earth to

injure the effect. I

H. sanguinea and the much- .

i te

tr a i i APOE

DECEMBER, 1910

THEY GAR DEN

MAGAZINE

The feathery plumes of the newer alum roots (Heuchera) were a revelation in color and size

am unalterably opposed to gardening in the
thin sparse fashion which some gardeners
affect, and never let an inch of soil appear.
Let the earth be never so good nor so
carefully weeded and cultivated, itis only
now and again that an edge of turf should
be seen “in my foolish opinion” as the
Reverend Joseph Jacob’s old gardener
is apt to remark to his master, the delight-
ful writer on flowers.

Sixteen peonies with grand French
names graced my trial garden this year,
standing demurely equidistant from each
other in a stiff row. Their bloom was
feeble, small and hardly worth noting for
this first season; next year they should
be subjects for observation. It was a
disappointment that Baroness Schroder
refused to show a single flower this spring.
For lo, these many years have I looked at
prices and longed to possess this glorious
peony; and now that she is within my
gates to find her refusing to speak to me
must be set down as one of the sorrows of
this trial-garden.

But the daffodils! Early in the spring
those wonderful varieties suggested by
Joseph Jacob in the columns of The Gar-
den as representative of the various classes
—those far exceeded and outshone all
anticipation. Mr. Jacob’s list will be
interesting to lovers of the narcissus in
this country. Isubjoin it:

YELLOW TrRumpETS: Emperor, Glory of
Leiden, Maximus, Golden Bell, P. R. Barr,
Queen of Spain (Johnstoni).

Waite Trumpets: Mme. de Graaff.

Bicotor Trumpets: Apricot, Empress,
J. B. M. Camm, Victoria, Mrs. W. T. Ware.

Cups witH YELLOW PERIANTHS: Al-
batross, Lucifer, Citron, Duchess of West-
minster, White Lady, Ariadne, Tulworth,
Dorothy Wemyss, M. M. de Graaff,
Minnie Hume, Artemis, Waterwitch,
Crown Prince, and Flora Wilson.

PHEASANT Eves: Ornatus, Homer,
Horace, Cassandra, Recurvus, Eyebright
and Comus.

Dousies: Argent, Orange Phoenix,
Golden Phoenix.

BUNCH-FLOWERED: Elvira (Poetaz),
Campernelle jonquils (rugulosus variety).

Of each of these I planted two a year
ago. Fifty varieties set some four inches
apart gave three good rows of daffodils,
and of these but four or five were already
familiar. The first to really attract and
enthrall me was Eyebright. It draws as
a star at night. Its rarely brilliant color
and distinct form make it one of the
greatest joys afforded by the trial garden.
Next came the wonderful Argent, a fine star-
shaped flower, half-double, pale yellow and
cream-white. Then, inorder, Barri conspicu-
us was a very fine daffodil, yellow perianth,
with cup of brilliant orange-scarlet. Then
Mrs. Walter T. Ware, one of the best of the
lot in every way. Gloria Mundi is a very
beautiful flower, yellow perianth with
a bright cup of orange-scarlet. Sir Wat-
kin, a huge daffodil, and effective, is
entirely yellow. Minnie Hume, a pale
flower full of charm. Artemis, a beauty,
small but of compact form. Eyebright
and Firebrand were the brightest and
most glowing of the fifty. Elvira of the
poetaz group is a telling flower with its
rich cream-white bunches of bloom and
pale cup of straw-color. This daffodil,
grown in masses in woodlands, should
produce a very marvelous spring picture.
I have fancied, too, that its fine flowers
above the low Iris pumila, var. cyanea,
might be a sight worth seeing.

These fragmentary notes are all that
can be given here. It is hard to choose
from so many perfect flowers a few which
seem more remarkable than the rest. My
practice was, as these daffodils came
toward flowering to cut one from each
bulb, while hardly out of the bud, label it
with a bit of paper high up on the stem
and keep it before me in water for obser-
vation and comparison. They were un-
mitigated “joys” —as daffodils always
are. What a marvel to have a few garden

217

things such as tulips, daffodils and phlox
subject to no insect pests, living through
the severe winters of our climate and in
such variety as to amaze those who like
myself are only beginning to know what has
been done by hybridizers.

Among the joys of the summer in the
trial spaces was Clematis recta. So satis-
factory was it here that I count on using
it freely in the main garden. It grew toa
height of, perhaps two feet with loose
clusters of white bloom much like those
of the climbing C. paniculata, held well
above a pretty and shrublike plant whose
delicately cut foliage is of a remarkably
fine tone of dark bluish green. The green
holds its own well in hot, dry weather, and
gives it value as a low background after
its bloom has gone.

Crambe cordifolia, first brought to my
attention by the editor of THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE, has shown this year what it
can do, and it is undoubtedly of
value for large bold plantings where its
leaf, (which reminds one of rhubarb), and
its tall white sprays of bloom should be
immediately effective. The flowers call
to mind the native spurge or Euphorbia
corollata. Of the whiteness of milk, they
are beautifully carried in strong sprays.
Under the hot sun of the past season they
proved short-lived, and instead of drying
on the stem, the flowers dropped to the
ground with a consequently untidy
result.

Perennial phloxes receive some atten-
tion in this trial garden. Of these one
new to me, Antonin Mercie, shall have

No errors must occur in the garden proper. Af*er
a test in the trial garden a new-comer is fitted to
its proper place here with positive effects

—

ES Pe I On ee OM es ye oe

218

special mention, first because of its good
color, a light lilac-lavender, next because
of its rather early bloom—August 5th or
thereabouts in this latitude—and last
because of its rather low and very branch-
ing habit. The spread of its good green
leaves and full flower trusses makes it an
unusually good phlox for the formal
garden, and its resemblance in color to
Eugene Danzanvilliers, the taller and more
pearly lavender phlox, fits it admirably
for use before the latter. If Lord Ray-
leigh were just a little later, what a de-
licious combination of lavenders and violet
could be arranged! Phlox R. P. Struthers,

THE GARDEN

a brilliant darx pink, redder than Pantheon,
not so red as Coquelicot, more perhaps on
the order of the fine Fernando Cortez
than any phlox with which I can compare
it, is another immense acquisition. This
is also early with a much larger truss of
bloom than Fernando Cortez. Standing
below groups of sea holly (Eryngium
amethystinum) great masses of this would
prove most telling.

Of many other experiments and tryings-
out should I like to write here: of Mr.
Walsh’s fine rambler roses, notably Ex-
celsa, which is in a fair way to equal the
popularity of Lady Gay; of some new

MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1910

larkspurs; a small collection of columbines
and another of hardy asters. I will
only add a word concerning the one sor-
row of a trial garden which has no cure!
It is the loss of what the good old English-
man without whom I should be helpless is
pleased to call ‘“‘laybells.” When a
“laybell” is gone then is the garden
world upside down! All my bearings
are lost: and I hate the anonymous
inhabitant, the creature without identity,
who has the effrontery to stand up and
bloom as though he were perfectly at
home where those who see him know
him not!

Sixth Annual “Round-up” of Gardening Achievements

SOME OUT-OF-THE-ORDINARY EXFERIENCES OF ‘“‘GARDEN

MAGAZINE”

READERS WHICH HELPED TO SOLVE THEIR PROBLEMS IN NOVEL WAYS

Remarkable Longevity of Seed
By P. S. Hunter, Virginia

“| ERE grounds of Fonthill, the residence

built by the late Senator R. M. T.
Hunter some time in the eighteen thirties,
contained many beautiful plantations of
trees and flowers. A space of perhaps
a quarter of an acre was laid off in beds
and walks by an engineer to form what
was then called a “flower knot.” Every
autumn these beds were all dug out about
a foot in depth and filled with fine soil.
Hyacinths, tulips and anemones, bordered
by cowslips and pansies, made these beds
glow with the most vivid coloring in early
spring; and later, countless annuals of
many varieties occupied their places and
bloomed with such effect that this “flower
knot” had a county-wide reputation for
its beauty. ;

The lady who had these flowers died in
1866, and a few years later that part of
the ground was abandoned and allowed to
become entirely overgrown by weeds and
brambles, thickly matted with woodbine.
This year, the owners of the place decided
to reinstate the old flower knot and with
some difficulty traced out the old walks
and beds and cleared away the mass of

vegetable rubbish with which it was
covered.

Scarcely had this been done, when
there sprang up the most luxuriant

growth of the old-fashioned white petunia,
heliotrope and catchfly, the seeds of which
must have lain dormant for at least forty
years.

This
flower knot is again
the beauty of the past.

seems incredible, but the old
resplendent with

Forty-eight Hollyhocks on a Stalk
By A. D. R., New Jersey

I DO not know the record for hollyhocks,

but I submit a photograph of a stalk

which bore forty-eight blossoms, not count-
ing the buds. Can anyone beat this?

A triumph in hollyhocks. This stalk had forty-
eight blooms open at one time

A Pink and Lavender Garden

By Leia B. Boynton, California

CHANCE mixture of lavender and
pink sweet peas in my garden a
year or so ago made me so enthusiastic over
the color combination that I resolved to
devote most of my energy the next year
toward having a pink and lavender garden.

The preparations necessarily began then,
in May, for I intended that perennials
should have a large share in the result.
During all the summer months I was busy
sowing and transplanting — first aquile-
gias, then hardy asters, Canterbury bells,
and pinks. In the fall hyacinths and
Spanish iris were set out, and the sweet
peas planted for fall growth. I was for-
tunate enough to have received as a gift
some light blue —-almost lavender —
German iris, and had already planted in
my garden quantities of the pink and
lavender ivy geranium. -

My garden bloom began in February,
and continued to October, a mixture of bulb
blossoms, annuals, and perennials, varying
from light pink to rose and from lavender
to blue. The German iris was the first
to bloom during February, and, since I
had taken special care with the roots in
transplanting, gave a mass of gorgeous
color. At the upper end of the garden,
at about the same time, blossomed my
hyacinths. Some of them were disap-
pointing, but, in general, they well repaid
their planting. In April the pink and
lavender sweet peas began to bloom and
continued through two months without
ceasing. in May there were pinks in the
border, some of the beautiful new hybrid
aquilegias, and in the corners and in all
vacant spaces the lavender centaureas.
Though my Canterbury bells were really
too blue for this garden, they were quite
pretty in themselves.

A little later, against the background
of ivy geranium, pink poppies rioted all
down the border. July brought my first
planting of gladiolus in both the chosen
colors, and with them camellia-flowered
balsams. The latter I had potted at first
until I could choose the shades, and then
transferred into the border. With my
asters, the next blooms to appear, I had
marvellous success. Hours of time were
devoted to them before they reached per-
fection but the results were worth all
labor. By the choice of early and late

DrEcEMBER, 1910

tS ‘ 45
PAP od ACE aeal

Another kind of record for the hollyhock—a staik
twelve feet high

blooming varieties, they were present in
the garden for two months. In September
were the early pink cosmos and the hardy
asters, and then last of all, in October,
Lady Lenox, the finest cosmos grown,
reaching, when unrestricted, ten or twelve
feet of height.

With but little expense and not an in-
ordinate amount of labor my pink and
lavender garden bloomed for me nine
months of the year.

A Tomato Crop Worth Raising

By S. E. Greenway, Canada

IN A PLOT less than 25 feet square,
bounded by careless, scoffiing neighbors,
where scrawny chickens scratched by day
and tomcats yowled by night, with an
eternal prospect of unkempt and barren
backyards whichever way you looked, I
determined to create a paradise.

After dragging along content with the
mere suggestion of a garden for four years,
during which time I dug and raked in the
most intractable heavy clay which even
now is so hard in the dry time that it
scarcely notices the onslaught of pick and
shovel, I determined to make the season
of 1909 bring forth my paradise. In the
spring as soon as the frost was out of
the ground I dug to the depth of one
and a half feet, left it to dry out for two
days and then battered down the hard
lumps and secured a fair seed-bed. I dug
in the cinders from two tons of hard coal,
and a large load of well-rotted leaf mold.
Our planting time is three to four weeks
later than it is in the eastern states. I
planted my sweet peas about the first of
May, and the other seeds in season.

Around the entire plot I planted a row

THE GARDEN

of large Russian sunflowers. Next to
these and one foot away I had previously
dropped a row of sweet peas. In the centre
of the plot were two clumps of runner beans
and around each clump were several
clumps of sweet peas. Then without
regard to the arrangement I transplanted
here and there tomatoes, pansies, stocks,
petunias, verbenas, etc., allowing them
morning sun and afternoon shade according
to requirement. Nothing failed. I trained
everything upward, using tall stakes and
twine for support. During the first week
in September I had 19 Earliana tomato
plants 6 feet high; 6 Plum tomato plants
7 feet high (all with luscious bunches of
ripe fruit); sweet peas 12 feet high; runner
beans nearly 20 feet long, running crisscross
overhead with great clusters of pods;
cucumber vines climbing upward and fully
fruited, 8 feet high; and the greatest pro-
fusion of flowers, which seemed to thrive
in the shade of the taller vegetation, all
surrounded by the sunflowers, some of
which measured 16 feet to the flower.
From the 19 Earliana tomato plants up to
September 23, when the first hard frost
came, I plucked 250 pounds of fruit of
a superb quality. I kept no account of
anything save the tomatoes. Of these
there was not a single spoiled or misshapen
fruit. If I had been disposed to sell them
all I should have had no difficulty in secur-
ing 20 cents a pound for them.

These results were achieved partly by
the exceptional length of the season. But
I think that the main reason for such
splendid growth was the fact that the entire
plot was hoed every day during the early

MAGAZINE

219

part of the season and often in the later
part. I gave frequent irrigation with
water that had passed through a leech
of horse manure into which was thrown
every three weeks a handful of sodium
nitrate, about two pounds in all at a cost
of 12 cents, the water being applied
plentifully to the soil between the rows,
and not immediately around the roots.
In this way the roots were encouraged to
reach out.

A Really Tall Hollyhock

By G., Minnesota

Y GARDEN last year was a great suc-

cess, asters, gaillardia, hardy phlox

and cimicifuga, etc., furnishing a profusion

of bloom. The season’s curiosity was a

hollyhock, which grew to the extraordinary

height of twelve feet. The photograph

was taken on September 25th, and shows
what a monster the hollyhock stalk was.

Renovating a Frozen Rubber
Plant

By M. W., Pennsylvania

I HAVE a rubber plant about six years

old, which was a single stem eight feet
high, and very fully covered with leaves
to within one foot of the pot. Early last
January it was exposed to zero weather,
was very badly frozen, and immediately
the leaves began to curl up and die. Ina
week or two there was nothing left but
the bare stem, the upper green part of
which gradually died, losing its color and
feeling pulpy to the touch. With a sharp

In this 25-ft.-sauare garden the owner grew wonderful crops of tomatoes with beans and flowers besides

220

The plant
on the right was fed with nitrate of soda

What high feeding does for a tomato.

knife I cut it back until the white sap
appeared, keeping the end bandaged until
it healed over. This reduced the whole
height of the plant to about four feet.

From the beginning it received the or-
dinary care of a normal plant, and stood
in the living-room, in a bay window having
a southeast exposure, where the temper-
ature was about 68 degrees. By the end
of April tiny leaves began to shoot out from
the whole length of the stem, the strongest
of these gradually developing into branches.
‘It was taken outdoors when all danger
from frost was over. By the end of the
summer it was a strong, healthy, bushy
plant with sixty leaves.

A Wonderful Hardy Begonia
By R. Rweway, Washington, D. C.

UST think of having in the garden
a begonia so hardy that each spring
the greater part of the new plants which
come up have to be weeded out! I have
a border of this begonia growing against
the north side of the house, where the
ground remains frozen during a consider-
able part of the winter, only thawing when
the general temperature of the air is
sufficiently high, the direct sunlight never
striking the location. The hardiness of
this begonia is probably known to some,
but certainly not to the extent it should be.

A bed of hardy begonia, where the plants grow
like weeds

THE GARDEN

A Winter Window Garden

By Lucy E. KEELER, Ohio

@ of the most satisfying things I
ever concocted was a window-sill
garden made of two cheap, iron shelf-brack-
ets screwed to the clapboards. A board
the length of the sill and six inches wide
was fastened on them, the upper side of
the board being about four inches below
the sill. Eavestrough was nailed to the
front and ends of the board, the pieces
having been first flattened and the turned
edges being left for the top finish. The 3-
inch sides were of tin. Jn fall the box is
filled with hardy plants which keep green
or bronze all winter -— myrtle, English ivy,
bronze megaseas, thrift, iberis, arabis,
stonecrops, house-leeks, polypody, Christ-
mas ferns, Hepatica triloba, Indian pride,
a dwarf santolena, partridge vine, English
daisies and violet cress. Close tufts of

Hig CO aE ea: rs ed
This rubber plant, once badly frozen, was saved by
careful handling

these were transplanted into very small tin
boxes each having a hole punched in the
bottom. These filled boxes were arranged
in the window box, extra soil rammed
between and over them, and crocus, squills
and snow-drops planted wherever there was
room. The bulbs began to bloom in
February. The whole thing is so low that
the outside blinds can be easily closed
without injury to the plants.

Bonemeal vs Nitrate of Soda
By M. W. Dezanp, Massachusetts

ee accompanying photogiaph is cer-
tainly rather amusing. These two
tomato plants were set out on the same
day; the one on the left had a handful of
bonemeal added to the soil about the roots,
and the one on the right had a handful
of nitrate of soda. The bonemeal plant
has four tomatoes; the soda plant has
eleven. Which would you rather have?

MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1910

soe

Christmas roses that have flowered in Maine for
the last twenty years

A Twenty-year Record With
Christmas Roses
By J. L. M. Wits, Maine

OST writers claim that the Christmas
rose will not grow as far north as
Maine, but last year I had especially
pleasing results. The little plants began
to bloom the last of November and all
winter long and well into the spring there
was not a day when I could not pick flowers.
This, for our cold Northern climate, seems
to me especially interesting and I wonder
that they are not more generally grown.
With the late fall-blooming flowers, such
as sweet peas, various varieties of pinks,
pentstemons, gaillardias and others; the
Christmas rose throughout the winter,
and the crocuses, hyacinths and early
tulips, I was able to pick a bunch of flowers
every day in the year. These Christmas
roses have bloomed each season for the
last twenty years.

A Happy-Go-Lucky Garden
By H. S. Apams, New York

SETESEIOD methods of gardening are
never to be encouraged; they are to
be distinctly discouraged. But they are
none the less inevitable in this busy world,
and, given an approximately good result,
the happy-go-lucky gardener is not in-
clined to worry much over the fact that
the moral side of the thing is all wrong.

This particular tale of slovenly gardening
begins toward the end of the summer of
1908. Hollyhocks from seed, foxgloves
and Canterbury bells from seed were all
crying for room in which to grow and there
was a numerous family of young sweet
Williams from Anne Hathaway’s garden,
as well as other things, that simply had
to be put somewhere. The lettuce bed
and other parts of the vegetable garden
offered the only relief and there, in neat
rows, the young plants were set out, with
the proviso that they must be moved in
the spring before the vegetable garden
was needed.

It looked easy enough; the plowman
would skip that part of the vegetable
garden, which could just as well be spaded,

a

tv

Some 6 xy eee.

Slieeeen Sant

Speen ate A EEN LE LILLE BEE LOLA ALLS:

ron

DECEMBER, 1910

and then continue on the lawn side of
the latter, making a great, big new border
there, where the grass was coarse and
flowers would really look better. So
he did swing around, turning over the turf
for a space twenty-five feet long and
about eighteen feet in width. Next was
to come the man with the wheel-harrow.
But he did not come that Saturday; nor did
he come the next Saturday. By another
Saturday something had to be done; the
early vegetables could not wait on a
batch of flowers that at best were only
surplus.

Time, muscle and a good fork would
have made that border look like something.
After doing one square yard in a manner
that would satisfy even a New England
conscience, however, I concluded that the
fork had the time and muscle, not I; and
it refused point blank to work without
my active cooperation. It was then that
I thought of the iron rake. The turf
being all bottom side up, said I to myself,
“there you'll lie and go the way of all turf
that is buried according to rule.”” So with
the rake, and occasional help on the part
of the fork, I did the shameful thing of
merely diverting some of the dirt from the
tops of my mountain ridges into my valleys.
Ican not say that a level plain resulted,
but with that combing over the border
was “made.” The soil did not look
as if it needed any fertilizer, so none
it got.

THE GARDEN.MAGAZINE

Into this border that was about every-
thing that it should not be the plants that
had been thriving in the vegetable garden
were summarily dumped; they had to be
in the case of a man whose gardening work
is concentrated in one day a week. North
and south, twenty-five sturdy hollyhocks
were planted in a loose, straggling group
across the sunnier end of the bed and then,
in several places, patches of the sweet
William, a glorious blood red. The Canter-
bury bells and foxgloves, also a lot of
biennial pinks, were similarly disposed
and, finally, all the odds and ends, which
included a small groundsel tree from Long
Island and a stonecrop from Richmond,
Virginia, that had both wintered safely,
were transferred their few feet to the
northward.

This much accomplished, the border
was sort of good to look upon, even if in
the making there was infinite gardening
impropriety. It was at any rate another
border to fuss over, and, in filling up
the many bare spaces, there was plenty
of diversion ahead of a rather agreeable
sort.

What did go into those bare spaces as
the season added one week’s opportunity
to another would make a long story. Of
rose acacia, which I had been wanting
for three years; the straw-colored flower-
de-luce and some of the old-fashioned
roses that I also lacked; Queen of the
meadow, Bible leaf, widow’s tears and

221

more kinds of artemisias, old gardens gave
me with neighborly generosity. Other
friends came forward with such ‘new
fangled” things as rehmannia, Cocquelicot
phlox, the beautiful phlox ovata, two kinds
of veronica, the Whirlwind variety of Japa-
nese anemone and Salvia pratensis. From
my own, and other people’s seed beds, were
brought annuals —- the castor oil bean,
Prince’s feather, mourning bride, snap-
dragon, love-in-a-mist, Johnny-jump-up,
kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate, zinnia, ragged
sailor and Salvia coccinea—and from
the wild, Michaelmas daisies and other
worthy asters, cardinal flower, burnet
and cleone. And so on; for this by
no means ends the catalogue of what
went into a border that ought to
have been “thought out,” but just
was not.

I should not have cared to have Miss
Jekyll pass judgment on it, but it developed
some glorious masses of color, even if
they, too, were not according to rule, and
it was good fun as sheer recreation. More-
over, on the whole it was easier to care
for than the rough part of the lawn that
it replaced. So far as money goes, it
did not cost a “red cent’ — the plowing
was thrown in —- if I except the purchased
primulas and aubrietia that I planted
there because I had no room for them
elsewhere. The moral of which would
seem to be that poor gardening is better
than none at all.

Rough-and-tumble gardening is better than none at all, and by planting hardy flowers a successful border can be made once for all

Trees for the Northwest—By C. L. Meller,

North
Dakota

COSTLY EFFORTS OF THE AVERAGE MAN WHO KNOWS JUST A LITTLE BIT ABOUT TREES AND WHO PLANTS WITH-
OUT EXPERT ADVICE —WHY THE TREES OF THE NORTHWEST ARE POORLY SELECTED AND BADLY PLACED

pe fact is that there is very little
reliable information on the adapta-
bility of trees in Northwestern regions.
We are still in the experimental stage,
but for all that there are some sufficiently
definite facts regarding the more commonly
grown trees that should be known to
everyone who contemplates planting trees
for beauty. The fundamental blunder
equally common to the East as to the West
lies in the planting of too many quick-
growing, soft-wooded trees that look well
in the very earliest years, but are utterly
useless before the planter himself has
become an old man. The planting of
trees of this type is the worst kind of
extravagance.

AN EXPENSIVE ECONOMY

Not far from where I write, a man for

the sake of economy set out cottonwoods —

and an expensive economy he will find it.
Cottonwoods are of value for an imme-
diate shelter belt or cheap fuel, but for
landscape planting they have no merit.
They are weeds for growth and he who
plants them will live to see his trees tall
and lanky, and when other trees are enter-
ing upon their prime, his will be old and
dilapidated. This spring I cut down six
tall cottonwoods which the owner had set
out not thirty years ago. The balm of
Gilead is another of the poplars sometimes
used for lawn planting for which purpose,
however, it is even less to be recommended
than the cottonwood on account of its
suckering tendency. The Carolina poplar
is also used, but to no better effect.

THE PLACE OF THE BOXELDER

For hardiness, ease in starting and
rapidity of growth the boxelder is a close
second to the cottonwoods. It is, how-

ever, always a lowheaded tree with crooked
Left to itself

trunk and many crotches.

Plant willows only on wet land, but an old, pictur-
esague tree is worth preserving

Up to eighteen years the boxelder is one of the pretti-
est of trees, beating the elm

it invariably brings its branches down
lower than a man’s head and on this
account is not adapted to every location.
These trees are generally set out without
regard to their growth, and when they
crowd and head low someone wades in
and trims them up, when’ they soon be-
come a menace to life and limb with their

~crotches unable to bear the load of long

and heavy branches. In Madison, Wis-
consin, it became necessary to cut down
large boxelders along the streets and in
private gardens whereas elms planted with

Though having a certain beauty, the cottonwood is
a bad tree, failing in thirty years

229

these boxelders are now only starting on
their prime.

In spite of these defects, however, a
boxelder has its uses. Rightly managed it
is not a bad tree. No other tree will give
more shade in the first fifteen years of its
growth; but you should plant some more
enduring tree close enough so that when
it becomes time to cut out the boxelder
the better tree is there to fill the gap. The
boxelder has one quality that few decidu-
ous trees possess, it lends itself to topiary
work. Boxelder seedlings will spring up
anywhere. I have had to weed them out
of my shrubbery groups, out of neglected
gardens and even from between the stones
in the curbing. Boxelders afford no fall
tints.

Equally as rapid in its growth and
equally as short lived is the soft maple.
It carries its branches up higher and
possesses a straight trunk which, however,
tends to divide low down and when young
often suffers from sunscald. For general
purposes it is not quite the equal of a
boxelder, though for street planting it is
a little better. Its wood is brittle and its
crotches weak; moreover, it soon becomes
necessary to head the tree back and in
spite of your best efforts it is ultimately
necessary to saw back branches of a con-
siderable diameter. What dignity or

_beauty can a ring of twigs growing from

such a cut end ever possess? A soft maple
can readily be induced to send up several
trunks from the same root and when such
a group is encircled by a seat there is
beauty and comfort in the combination.
The foliage assumes some autumn tints.
The Norway maple gives promise of
becoming a valuable shade tree on the
prairies where it takes the place of the
hard maple. The latter, though it will
grow, is somewhat doubtful; for example
I know of one hard maple in Fargo the

f rete u

Like all soft-wooded trees the soft maple fails early,
“but it is a good nurse

DrecEMBER, 1910

Until eighteen years old an elm is not very beautiful,
but improves steadily thereafter

sole survivor of twenty others that were
set out with it some fifteen years ago. It
appears to be a question of getting the
tree established.

ONLY ONE HARDY OAK

Though oaks are abundant throughout
the rest of the Northwest, the prairies can
boast of only one —the bur oak — that
is hardy — and that is so slow a grower
that few attempt its culture. It is one
of the few oaks that afford no autumn
brown, yet is deserving of more attention
for it becomes a stately tree and can be
depended upon to endure.

If, on your grounds, there be one of
those gnarled old willows, with possibly
two or three trunks from the same root,
save it by all means, but plant willows
only in low wet places where the success
of other trees might be doubtful.

THE ELM THE ONE BEST

If you have room for but one tree let
that be an elm. It is just the tree for a
somewhat confined space so that it has
but room to spread overhead. Its grace-
fulness or length of years needs no
comment. I like to think of the elm as
the ugly duckling among trees for its un-
gainly growth in youth gives no promise
of its mature beauty. At first it is a slow
grower, and, though it grows as high, in
all other respects it lags behind a box-
elder for the first fifteen years; but there-
after the boxelder is simply outclassed.
As a street tree it has no equal, but the
street must be wide and the tree not
crowded. It is well fitted to grow up
between more rapid growers for while
these are growing round and full it strikes
upward, and then when given room it
spreads outward. The common Ameri-
can elm differs according to location, and
the rock and water elms of popular par-
lance are one and the same tree. On low
wet lands the wood is soggy, so soggy, in

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

fact, that the water will spurt up when
an ax is driven into it; while on dry
land the wood is dry and clear. The
true rock elm can always be distin-
guished by the corky ridges on the
young branches.

Resembling the elm in its foliage, and
somewhat in its growth (though it never
attains to the same proportions) is the
hackberry. Its trunk is too rigidly straight
to be altogether pleasing; its bark re-
sembles nothing so much as a nutmeg
grater. Its foliage remains green into
fall, while the leaves do not drop until
actually frozen off. On the prairies it is
not the most vigorous grower, though a
compact mass of fibrous roots facilitates
transplanting. There are some _hack-
berry enthusiasts, but the fact remains
that the tree is not planted more frequently

For group planting no tree is better than the. ash.
A number seem to cluster together well

because in most locations an elm takes
its place to better advantage.

A TREE OF VARIED USES

For longevity and symmetry of outline
while also being perfectly hardy in the
Northwest, the basswood or American
linden has few equals. It is a compara-
tively rapid grower. It is an all-around
tree, suitable for street, lawn, park, or
pasture. It will outlive the planter by
many a year. The tree carries its trunk
straight up through its branches. The
only pruning it ever requires is when as a
street tree some of its lowest branches may
have to be removed. The fragrance of
its bloom in June gives it a distinctive
place among trees. In proportion to its
height a basswood does not spread as
much as either a boxelder or an elm, and
for this reason can be used where an elm
might be too spreading. It is a strong
tree, though strangely enough its wood
is soft. I have known it to weather
storms that tore large branches from elms.

223

The foliage turns yellow in fall, but on
the whole the tree contributes very little
toward autumnal shades.

TREES THAT NEED MORE CARE

On rich soil and with some shelter we
can grow both the black walnut and the
butternut. I know of one tree that has
weathered the storms of the prairies for
over twenty years and have myself suc-
cessfully transplanted fair sized saplings.
Near me are several butternut trees that
are good for about a half bushel of nuts
each year. As specimen or street
trees, both are out of the question in the
Northwest. The catalpa is another tree
we can grow; but is unreliable even as
far south as Milwaukee.

THE ASH AS A GROUP TREE

For group planting I know of no tree
quite as good as the ash. It takes kindly
to crowding, has a clean straight trunk,
and the arched branches do not spread
exceedingly. It is the tree to use for a small
grove as individuals may be planted within
eight feet of each other. My observation
is that ashes do not show that same ten-
dency to grow away from each other wher.
crowded that nearly all other treesdo. The
clustered keys add to the tracery of the
twigs when the leaves are gone, though
it must be borne in mind that the ash is
dioecious. It is about the last tree to
leaf out in spring and only occasionally
will it assume as pretty an autumnal yel-
low as one may see. The leaflets
soon crumble to dust, and therefore are
almost useless as a mulch. As a speci-
men tree the ash shows perhaps too
much of its branches at all times of
the year. It does well on a narrow
street, though it may be said to be dis-
tinctively a forest tree.

The elm is the one best tree for a majority of pur-
poses when beatty and durability together count

SePeecryeeseperperpepprstees ss

This range of glass established in a rural community pays its owner nearly $3,000 a year

Making a Greenhouse Pay—By W. H. Jenkins, ¥%

AN INSTANCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREENHOUSE INDUSTRY IN A REMOTE SMALL COMMUNITY BY A REASON-
ABLE ADJUSTMENT OF OUTPUT TO THE DEMAND WHICH WAS STIMULATED BY THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INDUSTRY

“SUSIE seems to be a strong allurement

in the idea of producing plants under
glass for sale. It would appear to be
so patent that with the conditions of
heat and cold under control the pro-
ductive capacity of a given area can be
increased in regular mathematical ratio.
But the fact is many ventures fail. The
reasons seem to be (1) lack of proper
market; (2) an insufficient knowledge of
market peculiarities; and (3) ignorance of
the methods of plant culture. With these
factors properly held in view that a profit-
able venture can be established, is illus-
trated in the case that follows.

That a commercial greenhouse enter-
prise can be supported in a community
of only a few thousand inhabitants has
been demonstrated in the case of one
establishment loca-
ted in a village in
Western New York.
Beginning in a very
small way as an
adjunct to market
gardening, interest
centered more and
more in the _ pro-
ducts of coldframes,
and gradually
larger and more
pretentious glass
structures were
developed, until to-
day a _ good-sized
plant is regularly
operated which
pays a reasonable
WROTE S IE Clin. elas
investment and a
reasonable salary to
the owner.

To be successful a
venture of this kind
must, of course, be

planned in a neighborhood which fulfills cer-
tain requirements. There must be a local
demand. Inthecase of Mr. Tripp’s ven-
ture the country village was of about 5,000
people only moderately wealthy, the greater
portion indeed being those of small means.
On the other hand, nearly every residence
had a small garden with opportunities for
indulging in the growing of flowers and vege-
tables, and the advent of the greenhouse
was a Stimulus to greater efforts among
the residents. With these given conditions
there is a constant action and reaction, the
demand creating the supply and increased
supply stimulating still further demand.

It was sixteen years ago that the owner,
in conjunction with some other local
business, was still engaged in market
gardening in a small way on some ten or

Seedlings of garden vegetables raised by the thousands find a ready market in early spring

224

twelve acres of ground. The returns were
fairly satisfactory, but there was no oppor-
tunity for increase of output. The branch-
ing from this type of production to the
more intensive cultivation under glass
arose as the result of a response from the
neighbors to the opportunity that was
offered in the sale of vegetable plants.
Naturaliy, more seedlings were started
each year than could actually be accommo-
dated in the market garden. The surplus
was offered for sale in the village and found
a ready reception.

The direct incentive to production in
frames was the demand of the purchasers
for vegetable plants earlier than could
naturally be produced in the open ground.
They themselves could grow them out-
doors just as easily; what these amateurs,
gardening on a small
scale, really wanted
was something
which would save
them the labor of
seed starting and
give them an oppor-
tunity to get their
gardens established
a little bit earlier
than under ordinary
conditions.

With the facilities
offered them in the
market garden,
frames and hotbeds
were soon estab-
lished. The demand
is for tomatoes, cel-
ery, cabbage, cauli-
flower, and such like
— things that nearly
everybody can use
and really wants, liv-
ing in the country.
On anything like a

ne ee

til

et

Sa eee gf ae ee lee RE eet a ine pete NS ne oot ARN A 6 RN ay A MELO in i ae ly i A EN sai Sie IP eS Mo

DEcEMBER, 1910

large scale, the raising of these seedlings for
sale is a distinctly profitable venture, and
as can easily be seen from the fact that there
are well-established enterprises engaged
in nothing else but the production of seed-
ling vegetables and flowers for retailing

later in the seed stores to the casual

passerby.

As the supply was increased and the
trade gradually developed, it was soon
seen that extensive hotbeds would hardly
be as profitable as a small greenhouse,
inasmuch as hotbeds served the purpose
for but a small period of the year whereas
a greenhouse could be converted into
several different uses when not engaged
in the actual raising of new seedlings.
That was the deciding point.

The first building was a greenhouse
20x40 ft. Mr. Tripp himself did the
glazing, plumbing, etc., which reduced
the cost of construction, the actual cash
outlay being less than $1,000. His plan
at first was to grow more vegetabie plants,
although he had a few flowers, partly
for his own use and partly to learn if
they would be profitable. He began with
lilies, and realized such good prices that
he increased his beds. Next he tried
carnations and was equally successful,
demonstrating to his own satisfaction
that flowers could be made the most
profitable part of his business.

So he built a house for lilies and one for
carnations. Bermuda, and Faster lilies and
some callas are grown. The flowers of the
last named being cut from January to
July; then they rest until the following
January. :

One of the large houses is now used
mainly for growing vegetable plants, but
other crops are grown in the house to fill
in when it is not used for this*purpose.
Lettuce is sown out-of-doors in September
and transplanted to the vegetable green-
house in November. At the same time
as itis transplanted, lettuce is sown in flats
in the greenhouse for succession. The
Grand Rapids is the only variety grown.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

ie.

During winter Carnations area profitable crop. The
plants are grown outdoors in summer

Succeeding crops of lettuce are grown in
this way until April, when the benches
are wanted for vegetable plants, seeds
of which are sown in flats — mostly placed
under benches — during March, so that
the seedlings are ready for transplanting
in April after the lettuce is removed.

The vegetable plants begin to be sold in
May, and as they go out, their place is
taken by cucumbers and chrysanthemums
(the latter for the fall trade) until the
house is again wanted for lettuce in the
fall.

The capacity of the carnation house
is about 5,000 plants, the only variety
grown being Enchantress. The house
is restocked with new plants in the fall
which furnish flowers for nine months.
Plants are started out-of-doors and brought
in and transplanted.

Smilax, fern fronds and asparagus are
also grown. Mr. Tripp says the most
profit in the flower business is obtained
from the making up of floral pieces for
funerals, weddings, etc. Plants that are
sold in pots are ferns, palms and geraniums,

225

while azaleas, asters, phlox and verbenas
are sold in boxes.

The cost of the present plant, Mr.
Tripp itemizes as follows:
Six houses glazed, and furnace room . . $4,000
Three boilers for furnace room installed,

$400 each Bee ei eas tt) eae 1,200
3,500 feet of 114 inch piping and valves. 400
11,000 feet of stone flagging for benches,

with 2-inch piping forsupports . . . 509
LOSE Mapes lus secon ee OTe, 75

$6,175

If to this amount, we add the value cf
the ground on which the plant stands,
the total investment is about $7,000.
Stone flagging was used for the benches
because it could be had at a low figure
but cement is generally the best thing to
use for this purpose. Wood, of course,
is cheaper than either flagging or cement,
but is not permanent.

The total sales from this establishment,
containing 15,500 feet of floor space, are
stated by Mr. Tripp as follows:

(Cera 9 6 « o 6 oO oo ooo 4 bBifes)
JONES epee ROME iG.) Wane aleastor 400
SHER DEMS a Wore KORE \oplontc) Ss haens 100
@hrysanthemumsi yy) ee) eee eee 400
Sibi MOE 6 6 5 6 6 6 5 0.0 c 100
Greens (smilax, fern fronz, asparagus) . 100

Potted plants (ferns, geraniums, palms,
AZAlEAS)s Menge. = inh oe so Semin. te O00
IRANSIES Meare Ts Me Ae nS) Uh ch ae ee tne 750
Asters, phlox, and verbenas in boxes . . 200
ILRI 7S) Ug Wh mae oe seated no! Romane oesw 300
Momatonp antsy cue i omen) meee een ECO,
Gelenysplants'ic ic) ech eae es 500
Cabbage and cauliflower plants . . . . 400
$7,750

The itemized expenses are as follows:

Heating er eee aekrs “aes tec OO

Four men at $1.50 per day for one year
ADOU tS eat ieiogepeet, Mieccninae «rt a is. A SOO.
Six women at one dollarperday . . . _ 1,800
Seeds Rhema asta sat Sa Pn otc a 100
Wraterirentall ® tec ere ol pee ee ee 25
Repairs and incidentals . .... . 50
IKee pines t wor OrseS sensei nnenen eine 200
Interest on investment of $7,000 . . . 350
otal, «ite es I so Sei Sal Soe

Net profit, or Jabor income for one year’s
WOPKGGmYstieis wedttay Sha icct pn St) ches 25025

Callas, Easter and Bermuda lilies, asparagus, etc., grown for floral ‘‘made-

up’’ work

Every available space utilized to start seedling plants for which there is a
constant trade

Cla rigtanas
Gifts

HRISTMAS is
with us again.

Not that it will be
that dear, old day
tomorrow, but the
spirit is here and
the need to get
busy. ““ What shall
I give the family? ”
each boy and girl
is thinking. Boys
and girls usually
Awe SO livele
money. This
means that you
must make a few
things. Had you
thought of making
the woods help you
gift for the baby out and your gat-
den things, too?

This is possible. I am sure mother
would like a pretty little juniper tree,
carefully potted, “Or Vet it | be the

Seta little potted tree as a

baby’s own private Christmas tree. This
does
woods.
On these pages you will see a number
of garden things, and those growing out
of such work, which might act as Christmas
If you wish to have directions for

not signify a dismantling of the

gifts.

i igen o's ng Xe ig» ee hg Woe 4 :
A twenty-five cent gift — two Chinese lily bulbs and
a glass dish

HERE IS A CHRISTMAS WISH FOR
CHILDREN EVERYWHERE —AS THE
GARDEN IS FULL OF PROMISE, BRIGHT-
NESS, GROWTH, SWEETNESS, AND
BEING JUST WHAT IT IS, SO MAY
YOU BRING TO CHRISTMAS THIS
SAME SPIRIT BORN ALWAYS IN THE
THINGS NATURAL OF THIS WORLD

Conducted by
ELLEN EDDY SHAW
-New York

the making of any one or more of these,
just write to this department.

I suggest making a set of plant labels
for your father, if he gardens.

Grandmother’s gift is often a hard one
to decide upon. I know she would love
a dish of flowering Chinese lilies or paper
white narcissus. Perhaps you have one
of your earth-potted bulbs which is ready
for blooming. Paper white narcissus may
be planted even yet in stones and water.
Three weeks will bring such bulbs to flower-
ing. The bulb really does not need to be
blooming since the fun froma bulb comes in
watching it develop.

Some one will like a set of seeds saved
from your garden. Make the envelopes
yourself and label them neatly.

I believe I’d pat on my list—that is, the
list of things you want—some garden books.
There is not much sense in your being a
gardener and not having a few books on
this subject. Look over this list. You
will see some books you wish to own.

The presentation list means those books
which your parents might present to you.
The information books are those which
take up matters in general and would be
of interest to your mother. Especially are
these helpful if your mother or big sister
is a club woman. Education books are
those which belong to your teacher, class
room or school library.

Presentation Bcoks

NE of the best known and loved of this
class of books is “ Mary’s Garden and

How It Grew.” (Century Company $1.25.)
It is a story of a little girl’s garden, charm-

Two presents, both made by 12-year-old boys—wicker
fern dish and little ferns; a wooden pot rest

226

ingly told. Any
child reading it
would just feel like
going out right
straight off to gar-
den. I suppose
children over four-
teen years of age
would not care as
much for it as the
younger ones. A
lady by the name
of Frances Duncan
wrote this book.
Everyone loved it
so well she wrote
another. This book
is called “When
Mother Lets Us
Garden.” This
book is for little
children. The lan-
guage is simple, the
directions clear. It
is the sort of little
book one would

A wooden garden stake
and reel will last almost
forever

like to read out
loud to the children. This costs only
seventy-five cents. Moffat, Yard and

Company publish this one.

I will tell you about another very lovely
book called “The Children’s Book of
Gardening.” It is English. The pictures

z

A box, made of hard wood, may be handy for small
garden utensils or seeds

DerecEMBER, 1910

This flower stand looks pretentious; the construction
is simple enough for a 14-year-old lad

are in color and very exquisite. And
the whole book, pictures, stories, cover,
the nice paper and all just make you
happy. This costs a little more. Two
whole dollars must be sent for this. But
you do not have to send way over to
London for it. “Little Gardens and How
to Make Them” (Cassell and Company,
$0.35) is not really intended. for children.
- But the larger boys and girls would get a
lot of excellent understandable advice from
it. You can buy this in paper covers
for twenty-five cents.

There is another English garden book
called “Children’s Gardens” (Macmillan
Company, $1.75) by the Honorable Mrs.
Evelyn Cecil. This is written especially for
children. You will enjoy reading this
book.

A good little book for small gardeners
is “Little Gardens for Boys and Girls,”
(Houghton, Mifflin Company, $1.10.) It
is a beginner’s book. It doesn’t try at
all to teach everything about gardening.
First steps in gardening are taken up.
A little boy or girl could really read this
book.

Information Books

I SUPPOSE the most comprehensive book

published on children’s garden work is
one written by Dr. Louise Greene. Perhaps
I ought to say most comprehensive for
American and Canadian work. It tells
not only of gardens all over the country
but gives minute details on the starting
of work, the price of tools and labor and
a]l those points concerning which many
questions arise. The Charities Committee
of the Russell Sage Foundation publish
the book at a price of one dollar and twenty-
five cents. It is entitled ‘Among School
Gardens.”

Mr. Henry Parsons of the DeWitt
Clinton Park Garden tells right out of
his rich experience in his garden book
“Children’s Gardens for Pleasure, Health
and Education” (Sturgis & Walton
Company, $1.co net) those things which

THE

have made his work a success. This is
a valuable book for those starting large
gardens.

After reading Dr. Greene’s book about
American gardens you should read The
Honorable Frances Wolseley’s book on
“Gardening for Women.” One gets a
good idea of what women may do, are
doing and have done in the field of garden-
ing. It looks over the whole field of
work in the broadest kind of a way and
gives many suggestions.

Education Books

T would almost seem as if I were shut-
ting the other books out of the edu-
cational class. Not at all! But there are
some books which primarily are intended for
the class room. These I group together
by themselves.

“Children’s Gardens,’ (D. Appleton
and Company, $1.20) a book by Miss
Louise Klein Miller is written from this
educational viewpoint. It gives a bit of
real reason for the work. It tells ef various
garden arrangements and different phases
of the work. It makes a strong point of
arboriculture.

Another book, perhaps even more a
school book, is called ‘““The School Garden
Book,” by Weed and Emerson—(Charles

This raffiia mat, made by a girl of eight, was used
to put under the flower pot saucer

A helpful gift for a garden boy is the magazine.
Add to this a few garden books

GARDEN MAGAZINE

The wicker jardiniere is suitable for piazza or tea
table. The pot rest for any place

Scribner’s Sons, $1.25). Regular grade
work in gardening is taken up. Each
chapter has a helpful calendar. It is most
decidedly a teacher’s book.

Mr. Hemenway has written another of
these helpful books for teachers—‘‘ How
to Make School Gardens” (Doubleday
Page & Company, $1.10. This is simple,
straight to the point and well planned.

An English book called “School Cottage
and Allotment Gardening,” by J. Weathers
— (Longmans, Green and Company $0.60)
has splendid ideas on practical work. This
book could be used profitably in connection
with American books.

For those who are interested in the agri-
cultural side there are these books, at
least, of interest to the schools, both the
rural and the city ones:
~ “First Principles of Agriculture,’ (Amer-
ican Book Company, $.So0) as the title
suggests, takes up the fundamentals of
agriculture. It is simple but compre-
hensive. Scattered through the book to
illustrate points are a number of experi-
ments, which are right to the point.

Especially valuable for the rural com-
munities is “Agriculture for Common
School” (Charles Scribner’s Sons, $1.00).
The rural High School or the advanced
pupils in the district schools would get
from this book not only practical and
instructive information and suggestions
but also the point of view for betterment
of farm life in general.

“Practical Agriculture,’ (American
Book Company, $1.00), covers very com-
prehensively the rural agricultural problem
for schools. It not only takes up the
garden and cattle side of the work but
also the effect of climatic conditions in
regard to crops, pests and their control,
roads, forestry and many other equally
important subjects. This again is a
book for the older pupils.

Therefore, I repeat, when making out
your list of Christmas ‘“ wants ”’ don’t forget
to include some interesting garden books.

228

(Epitor’s Note.—We want to know how suc-
cessful workers do things—<n order to put actual
experiences before our thousands of readers i all
parts of the country. Every reader is invited to con-
tribute a short note on some interesting experience.
Just state the facts about some ingenious idea that you
have actually worked out yourself or have seen.)

Where I live everybody is fighting quack
grass in the lawns. We find that con-
stant and frequent cuttings with the lawn
mower will kill quack grass.— P. B. M.

I water my flower beds by letting a
tiny stream run on the grass in the same
spot for hours. The water seems to go
straight down without spreading, and to
come up later in an inverted cone. I
watered a bed of roses in that way with-
out disturbing the dust mulch. Last year I
prepared the bed for a month’s absence
by letting the small stream run on the
nearby grass. When I returned the bushes
were making thrifty new growth in spite
ot dry weather.— E. R.

The catalogues assured me _ that
Scilla Sibirica “flowers at the same
time as snowdrops” and that they make
a “charming combination.” I trustingly
planted them together, discovering too
late that in Western New York snow-
drops are gone while scillas are still in
bud. But they really do arrive with the
crocuses and the white and deep blue
are certainly “charming.”— L. A.S.

I have only one evening primrose in
my garden. It looks rather bashful and
wilty in the daytime, but, at six in the
evening, the little green jackets split until
a tightly curled yellow bud slips out.
From that time on until seven-thirty the
buds unfold with a sudden pop and shake
and burst into full glory. The flowers
are of the palest yellow, three and one-
half inches in diameter, and are exceed-
ingly beautiful if planted with Delphinium
formosum for a background.— L. M.

For the last eight years or more I have
successfully raised the butterfly weed or
pleurisy root (Asclepias tuberosa) from
seed and have also successfully transplanted
the seedlings in the summer as well as
older plants in the spring. Two years
ago I found a colony of it growing in a
trap rock ledge on the banks of the Con-
necticut River. On the twenty-seventh of
May, 1910, I pried out the roots of two of

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

the smaller plants, set them out and both
of them grew. It is one of the most
beautiful wild flowers and I consider it
one of the easiest to grow.— J. R.

My experience in raising Primula Japon-
ica from seed is that new seed sown imme-
diately after it is ripe will start to grow
right away, but old seed will have to be
in the ground over winter before it ger-
minates.— R.

I saw a very effective arrangement this
summer which seemed worthy of tabbing
for future reference. A bank of spring
blooming shrubs was used as a background
to display some groups of the spider flower
(Cleome spinosa). The white and the
purplish varieties were used in separate
groups. This is a tall annual plant that
never struck me as particularly good
growing by itself, but against the dark
background of lilacs, philadelphus and
other shrubs it was an entirely different
matter. ‘It brightened up that shrub
border amazingly.__S.R. D.

As a winter cover for seedlings, or
plants which do not need a mulch of
fertilizer, I have found excelsior packing
very good; it is heavy enough to protect
them from the freezing and thawing
process, and open enough to admit of a
free circulation cf air, and prevent mould-
ray — Nl,

The guinea-hen flower, snakes’ head, or
checkered lily (Fritillaria Meleagris), offers
a planting problem. The bulb consists
of two half bulbs connected by a hyphen.
When I received my first consignment
of these bulbs I was puzzled to know how
to put them in the ground. The top
looked exactly like the bottom and vice

The checkered lily (fFritillavia Meleagris) is also
known as the guinea-hen flower and snake’s head

‘way of keeping it true.

DEcEMBER, 1916

versa. After revolving the subject in
my mind and in my hand, the only so-
lution I could see was to play both ends
against the middle, and place the aperture
between the two halves in the ground
vertically and give leaf and root the choice
of picking their route. It worked out all
right, for I grew a good crop of these
interesting flowers. Every bulb furnished
blossoms. The white variety, I think,
is the handsomest, but the checkered ones
in various purplish and rose shades
were the more interesting.— S. R. D.

When I wish to label a plant, instead
of wood or zinc labels fastened to the stem
with wire which sometimes cuts into the
stem, I use a piece of linen tape, two or
three inches long, with the name or color
of the plant written on it in indelible
waterproof India ink. These labels are
tied or pinned around the stem near the
ground, so they are inconspicuous. They
do not hurt the plants, and the ink does
not fade out.— Y.

Try raising tomatoes from slips. Cut-_
tings about nine inches long, taken from
plants that have fruited during the summer,
root readily if placed in clean sand and
kept in close frames for a few days, lightly
shading from the sun. Cuttings struck
in this way can be got into bearing a
month sooner than by sowing seed, and,
if the strain is a good one, it is a sure
The best variety
with us for winter work is Sutton’s Princess
of Wales.— E. E. C.

On April 7, last, I planted poppy seed in
rows and by some caprice of fortune only
one plant came up in one of the rows; that
one, however, surpassed everything in size,
lateness of bloom and number of blossoms,
often sixty blossoms and buds being counted
in one day, and it branched out extensively.
Plants in another part of the garden growing
six to eight inches apart commenced flower-
ing the last of June. They were at their
height August 1st with five hundred blooms
each morning; by August 25th the amount
had dwindled to fifty or sixty smaller ones.
Nee

When you give plants to a friend, it is
better, if possible, to wrap each in a square
of newspaper, the size depending on the
plant. Place the plant, on its side, on the
paper, well toward, but a few inches from,
the lower left-hand corner. Fold the paper
over the roots at a right angle and then,
beginning at the left, roll into a package and
lay it down with the flap beneath. Pack
upright in a basket or box, or flat in the latter
case if more convenient to carry. If the
plants are to be sent by mail or express, the
same kind of wrapping will keep them in
good condition all the way across the con-
tinent, provided that they are sprinkled with
a very little water after being packed. Pack
fairly tight, with the earth balls of the larger
plants against either end of the box and
the smaller plants as fillers-in. —H.S. A.

Oe ne See

—

Reducing the Time and Cost of
Cooking

By Myron T. ScuppEer, New Jersey

les you ever been out with a little

company to tea or dinner when the
first course served was Roast Mistress of
the House? This is a well-known dish.
It is the common fate of housekeepers
who entertain.

But how could she, your hostess, help
it? In trying to have things nice for
her expected guests she had fussed and
worried over that hot stove about all day.
The dinner was delicious, but her success
was achieved through great personal effort
and sacrifice.

How could she help it, did Tsay? Why,
easily enough if she had only known better.
Any good fireless cooker would have
solved her difficulties and given her guests
just as good food and at the same time an
uncooked cook!.

Cooking without fire! It sounds im-
possible, doesn’t it? But it was not
impossible to that clever Norwegian, the
father of the modern fireless cooker, who
cooked his fish by boiling it for a few
minutes, and then thrust it deep into a
haystack until he should need it, sure
that when meal time came he would find
his fish thoroughly done.

And so far from being impossible, it
is as a matter of fact the most possible
and comfortably real thing in house-
keeping to-day. For the modern fireless
cooker is nothing more than this man’s

‘haystack, or a part of it, compressed into

a box of convenient size, with two or three
nests made in the hay and lined with
cloth, into which granite or fibre pails
containing food partly cooked are placed
and covered with a thick lid padded with
hay cushions, so that the heat cannot
readily get out. This is the famous “hay
box” or “hay stove” which has been ad-
vertised so extensively. There are various
modifications of it, but the results at-
tained are similar in all cases.

The principle is clear enough. Vege-
table and animal matter, when subjected
to heat, undergoes certain changes which
make it more palatable as well as more
digestible. The chief problem of the
kitchen is the economic application of
heat to the article that is to be cooked.
Suppose you are boiling a piece of meat.

Heat from the fire passes into the water
and so gets to the meat. But instead of
remaining in the kettle a large proportion
of the heat, some say 95 per cent., radiates
into the air, goes to waste, and you must
keep applying heat continually or the
meat would not be cooked. This tre-
mendous waste is what makes cooking
expensive, for heat runs into money very
fast.

Now if this heat can be prevented from
radiating into the air, a brief application
of fire would be entirely sufficient, just
enough, say, to bring the water to the
boiling point and to warm the meat

Y ©)
The cloth lining when placed in the box con-

serves the heat so that the cooking process continues
for a very long time after

thoroughly. Now take the kettle and its
contents at this point and place it in a
box stuffed with hay or other non-con-
ducting materials, or in a pail or box made
of indurated fibre or of metal, and properly
covered so that the heat will radiate very
slowly and imperceptibly. The water
will stay hot for many hours — ten,
fifteen, perhaps twenty or more — and be
cooking the food all the time. And when,
some hours afterward, you want your
dinner, you can come to the box and find
the contents ready to eat. In such a stove
the food-cannot burn nor can the water
boil dry. Nor, strange to say, can the
food be easily over-cooked. It comes out
just right, with all the nourishment and
flavor and juices retained, with no shrink-

229

age in the amount, and all at little trouble
to yourself. With this cooker you can
have onions or cabbage or a real old-
fashioned boiled dinner without the usual
accompaniment of disagreeable odors per-
meating the house.

The way these fireless cookers retain
heat is remarkable. In a test made at
an army post, a 1o-pound roast of pork
was seared till brown and boiled for
fifteen minutes; potatoes boiled twenty
minutes were placed with the pork; a
leg of mutton was boiled fifteen minutes,
some suet pudding twenty-five minutes,
Boston brown bread twenty minutes, and
coffee five minutes. At 9.40 A. M. these
were placed in a fireless cooker at a tem-
perature of nearly 212 degrees. At 5 P. M.
they were taken out, each article being
well done, and with the following tem-
peratures: the pork and potatoes 163
degrees, the mutton 160 degrees, pudding
162 degrees, Boston brown bread 160
degrees, and the coffee 168 degrees. That
is, so little heat had been lost from the
box that these articles were still cooking
nicely, seven hours after they had been
taken off the fire. A fire burning only
half an hcur had accomplished what with
the usual kitchen range or camp fire
would have required at least some hours
of hot fire. And it should also be noted
that between 9.40 A. M., and 5 Pp. m., the
cooking food needed no attention whatever.

One can see at a glance what a saving of
time and fuel is accomplished by the use of
fireless cookers. And it should be borne
in mind that these contrivances have been
so improved that roasting and baking can
be done in them as well as boiling and
stewing. They may well be used in hotels,
boarding-houses, college and preparatory
school dormitories, where they can be
installed by the dozen if necessary. The
small portable cookers are light and easily
handled, and can be used in wagons and
automobiles, on sailing craft and launches,
in camps and, in short, anywhere where
cooking has to be done.

In just one instance let us glance at the
possibilities of this device. Take cruising,
for instance, by sail or motor power.
To-morrow you are to make a long trip,
starting before breakfast and continuing
until late in the evening. Likely enough
it will be rough a part of the day. Instead
of having to lash down all pots and kettles
on the galley stove and to keep up a fire

230

the greater part of the day, with the cook
on duty every minute, just get a fireless
cooker or two into commission. These
and two or three small portable stoves
will do the business for you. Let the
menu for dinner be what a lot of hungry
people would be sure to like: corned beef,
cabbage, potatoes, suet pudding and coffee.
And for supper: baked beans, Boston
brown bread, apple sauce and tea. Now,
under usual conditions, this would be an
all day job, with the cook hustling every
minute, but with fireless cookers it be-
comes easy. The process would be some-
what as follows: The night before put the
beef into one of the large kettles or pails
that come with the cooker, cover with
boiling water, and boil hard for fifteen min-
utes, then transfer to the cooker to stay
all night. At the same time bring some
oatmeal to a boil, boil five minutes and
place it in one of the compartments of
the cooker. In the morning the oatmeal
will be better than any oatmeal you ever
tasted before. The beef, however, will
be only partly done, so take it out, put
the cabbage with it, bring all to a boil,
boil five minutes or ten if you like, and
transfer to the cooker. It will be all
right at noon.

While re-heating the beef, boil a mess
of potatoes. Let them have twenty min-
utes; then transfer to the cooker.

In like manner bring the apple sauce
to a boil, boil the suet pudding twenty-
five minutes, and the white sauce five
minutes and place all in the cooker.

But this is not all. Although it is early
in the morning, an eye must be kept on
that supper that is to be served ten or
twelve hours hence. So take the beans
which have been soaking all night, drain,
add fresh water and salt pork, and boil
hard for fifteen minutes. They go to the
cooker until noon when you will have
to light one of your stoves and bring
them to a boil again and return them to
the cooker to stay till wanted for supper.

Q

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SBS as

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4

>
SEES

This fireless cooker has two compartments. Space
adjuster on left with ‘pail to fit: also cushions for
covering to reduce radiation

AD BL IB:

Twenty minutes boiling of the Boston
brown-bread batter will be all that is
necessary; the cooker will do the rest.
If there is a compartment to spare, heat
up a lot of water for dish washing and
place it in the cooker until needed.

Now let us see what the fireless cooker
has accomplished in this case, and be it
understood the above is not theory, but
is actual experience. Instead of keeping
up the fires all day or the greater part of
the day the stoves have been burning
about an hour all told. And instead of
the cook spending eight or ten hours in
the galley he has been able to prepare
three very hearty meals in the time usually
required for one meal. In short, the fire-
less cooker properly handled gives less
trouble, uses far less fuel, requires much
less time, and makes it possible to have
better food and greater variety than is
possible with the usual cooking equipments.

In a similar way the possibilities of the .

fireless cooker can be shown for automo-
bile trips, Boy Scout outings, and all sorts
of expeditions.

Papering the Dining Room
UST see if this sounds- attractive!
The dining-room had been growing
more and more shabby. The problem
was how to fix the room up and make it
look attractive for a very small sum.
This is not an uncommon problem.
We wished the paper to be the chief
charm. For it was really the paper which
was the eye-sore in our dining-room.

A maid of all work and a large family
brushing against the walls and pushing
chairs back a bit carelessly, had wrought the
havoc. So another phase of this problem
was to keep the wall paper clean and un-
marked for at least four feet above the floor.

This was our final result: A plain
brown paper covered the upper two-
thirds of the wall space. The paper was
a soft, mellow brown. The lower third
was covered with ordinary straw matting.
Not by any means was this a beautiful,
expensive, be-figured matting. But it
was just an ordinary, cheap, straw-colored
matting.

In order to cover that break which
naturally appears at the junction of matting
and paper we used a strip of 2-inch
moulding. It, too, was of a brown tone.

Was the effect good? Most assuredly
it was. If you are an artist straightway
you think that the darker color above
would be overpowering. I admit that, as
a rule, this is true. But in our scheme it
worked and worked artistically too.

The matting has this advantage namely,
that it may be cleaned when dirty. The
cleaning is quite simple, just a washing
with clean water and a bit of soft cloth.
It is a sanitary sort of papering, too.

Look once again at the room, the soft
brown, the lighter matting, the strip of
plain moulding, and a few pieces of bright
brass on the old brown wooden chimney
place. It tells its own story of charm and
simplicity.

GARDEN MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1910

Re-served Potatoes

NOTHER way of preparing pota-
toes — there comes a time when
boiled potatoes, baked potatoes, mashed
and creamed potatoes get on one’s nerves.
If only potatoes might be served in just
a little different style! When you reach
this state, or better, a little before you
reach it, try this: Bake some good-sized
well-shaped potatoes in a slow oven. The
potatoes should be beautifully scrubbed
before baking. When baked cut an
end off each potato. Cut off just enough
to enable you to scoop out the contents
of the potato. After scooping all out,
add milk or half cream and milk to
this, and beat vigorously. Add salt and
butter before beating. When this is
creamy, put the potato back into the shells.
Keep out a little of the potato to which add
the beaten white of an egg. This should go
into the top part of each potato shell,
en top of the other potato. Put back
into the oven to brown.

The potatoes are served on the table in
their shells. A nice brown potato shell
with the creamiest of potato bubbling out
of the top sounds rather appetizing, does it
not? But it tastes a great deal better
than it sounds.

For Table Decorations

Wis not serve Christmas dinner by

candle light? Or if the dinner is
to be at noon time, just darken the
room. A rather interesting temporary
candle-stick may be made in the following
way.

The materials necessary are pieces of
white birch wood about 1 inch in diameter
and 6 to 8 inches long; circular pieces of
wood, 3 inches in diameter; bits of holly
and candles. Have as many pieces of
wood, of both kinds, as you wish candle-
sticks. Tack a circular piece of wood
to one end of a long piece. See! you have
a stick almost made. The other end of
the piece of wood should be hollowed out,
to hold the candle. Twine the bits of
holly about the stem of the candle-stick.

Do you see it now in fancy! A real
outdoor candle-stick it is! A bit of white
bark with a holly spray about it, a white
candle, the red of the berries, it is a charm-
ing little affair.

When you reach the country just before
Christmas, send two of the big boys
out for the birch wood. Let it be their
contribution to the holiday feast.

A Delicious Beverage

Ve company comes for the evening,

and a very simple refreshment is
desired, try this one. To a good strong
lemonade, made to serve six people, add
two bottles of ginger ale, if these be small
bottles. Alsoaddacup of strong tea. The
tea will be sufficiently weakened so as to
merely give a pleasant taste. And the
ginger ale gives some snap and character
to the drink.

DErcEMBER, 1910

Making a Cement Walk

WANTED a cement walk and decided to make
it myself with the help of my 13-year-old boy.
A carpenter laid the frame for the walk 65 feet
long and 3 feet wide, putting cross pieces every
three feet except in front of the steps, which
space was larger on account of a turn. We dug
out all the earth within the frame to a depth of
teninches, and filled, with stones ofall sizes, to within
one and a half inches of the top of the frame,
laying the larger ones at the bottom and smaller
ones at the top. Ina box made of some old
boards, we mixed the dry cement with coarse
gravel sand, screened, one coalhod of cement to
three of sand, and then added enough water to
make it of a batter-like consistency that would
drop from the shovel and not pour. This we put
on top of the stones, tamping it down well and
smoothing off the top as evenly as possible with a
mason’s trowel. We covered with boards and
old matting to keep it from drying out too fast.
We mixed only enough cement to make one square
of the walk at a time. The most important
part of the whole work is to get the cement and
sand thoroughly mixed. Sand might have been
used instead of the stone, tamping it down very
firmly and evenly and putting the cement mixture
on top of the sand.

The whole walk cost us $10.44, which included
the carpenter’s charges of $2.59 for making and
laying the frame; 8 bags of Portland cement for
$6.00 and 1% loads of sand for $1.85.

Massachusetts. Mrs. G. Writson.

What Counts in a Garden

N answer to “A Wail from a Wee Garden,”
which appeared in the September, roro,
issue of THE GARDEN MacGaAzIneE, I submit that
size is certainly not what counts in a garden as much
as the personality of its owner. It should grow to
be a reflection of its owner, changing as he changes,
and expressing his sympathies to the last. There
is certainly an art element that enters into the
act of gardening, whether the border be 20 feet
long or 200 feet. And anyone eternally “‘swopping”’
or ““buying three of one thing and six of another,”’
never ‘‘arrives”” anywhere. ‘‘A few of each’? —
just think of the crudity of it! If one has no fixed
ideal—a growth of feeling for better effects
each year, not simply a hodge-podge of every.
plant because the color is liked — where does one
ever get?

The charmingly simple rule of Miss Jekyll on
color — “use warm colors in harmony (reds and
yellows) and cold colors in contrast (blues and
their allies)’ —is not “scheming”; it is simply a
suggestion to make better. Of course, “drifts”
cannot appeal to gardeners of 56 x 36 ft., but if
they had absorbed, “before taking” instead of
“after taking” to gardening, a bit of Miss Jekyll’s
wisdom, they might have planned 100 x 20 ft.,
thereby securing the possibility. So few people
realize that once nature has been left outside —
assembling flowers en masse that could never grow
together — art must be the guide in the arrange-
ment.

Heaven help the “wee garden” if it is too small
to help itself! And may its “ninety-five different
kinds last season” never rise up to haunt the
master-hand, who “did not know the color of
the flowers when she sowed the seed!”

New York. , Mary L. Grsson.

DHE GAR DE N© MAGAZIN I

A Practical Fence-Post Driver

HE driver ‘consists of a 2-foot cut of a log
ten inches or more in diameter, with two
handles five feet long attached by bolts and two
iron bands. The photograph shows the device
resting upon a 7-foot hitching post which has been
driven by it, and illustrates as well the method
of construction.

The posts to be set should be sharpened on four
sides for a length of two feet or more, thus taper-
ing to a 4-sided or stake point which can be driven
to better advantage than posts with rounded
points. One man starts the post holes with a
crow-bar, two others raise the driver to arm’s
length and batter down the post. In this way
a side and end of a rectangular field containing
twenty acres were finished in ten hours. Stated
in terms of finished fence with woven wire:
the posts were sharpened, driven, and the wire
hung in ten hours by five men. Even on stony
ground the man with the crow-bar can readily

A home-made fence-post driver, easy to make

locate a spot for the post hole. The posts are
firmly driven, hence no iears of their stability
need be entertained.

A log of twice the diameter of this one, and a
foot or a little more in length, would be fully as
efficient because a wider range of blow between
the handles would be possible.

Washington, D. C. H.. J. Witper.

Poison Ivy

OISON IVY was scattered over several acres

of thick woods wherein I wished to build.

As I am seriously subject to ivy-poisoning, I was

compelled to devise other means for eradication

than the arsenate of soda recommended in THE
GarDEN Macazine for October, roto.

I_took two ordinary laths, laid one upon the
other and, at a point about eight inches from one
end, I drove a slender nail through both laths,
and clenched it on the other side. For additional
strength I doubled the nails. These formed the
pivot of my long-handled shears, which I made
by sharpening the short end of the laths.

Wearing heavy cotton gloves, and a handker-
chief closely swathing my face and neck, I attacked
the ivy early in August and made a clearance
of the whole area in a week. With the points
of the shears I seized the running vine, then rolled
the shears over and over in my hands until I had
torn the whole plant from the ground, sometimes
pulling up ivy which had covered forty to fifty
square feet of surface.

Virginia. 5. C. STuNTz.

Protecting Shrubs from Winter
Cold

[ IS not as difficult as it may appear to sufficiently

protect a tender shrub or even a small tree
against extreme cold, and the process is particu-
larly simple if fallen leaves are abundant.

Encircle the tree with wire netting left open at
the top. Fill this with leaves, tamping them down
well with a stick. Then place several shingles,
or a board, on top to shed the rain or snow. Wire
netting can usually be had of sufficient height to
reach above the plant. The netting retails at
about a cent a square foot.

Tying the canes of a shrub or the branches of a
tree so as to pull them together somewhat will
save the cost of the netting, and, at the same time,
enables the plant to be protected more effectually
with even less leaves than would otherwise be the
case. It is best, however, to be liberal with the
leaves. Where netting is used the structure pro-
duced will be somewhat unstable in a high wind,
making it necessary to have guy ropes. For this
I use galvanized wire attached to stakes in the
ground. As can be seen from the illustration, a
plant protected in this way is not by any means
an eyesore but is rather attractive.

Not quite as neat a method, but much stronger,
is to surround the tree or shrub with a paling of
stakes driven firmly into the ground which facili-
tates the packing of the leaves. When the paling
will hold no more a stout cord should be tied around
the top. No guy ropes are needed here. Where
one hasa bed of tender shrubs or roses to protect,
the method obviates the necessity of layering and
likewise permits of a large amount of fresh stable
manure being placed around the plants without
danger of injury from heating. Before driving
the paling the canes should be tied in the manner
described.

Leaves, while they form an excellent blanket,
always permit of a slight circulation of air so that
there need be no fear of suffocating a plant when
covering them. Straw, hay or even excelsior
will answer but leaves are to be preferred. In
severe climates the above two methods are more
efficient than using straw wrapped with burlap.
The leaves will remain dry all winter, which is
not so when burlap is used.

North Dakota. C. L. MELLER.

Protect your tender plants like this and they will
be sure to live until spring

ce

=

Lessons

A Season’s Garden

HE editor has asked me to write for this

number an account of the actual happenings

in my garden for the past year. Although the

season was unfavorable my garden produced plenty

of everything; I not only had quantity but also
quality.

One of the lessons I learned thoroughly this
season was that while there are a great many honest
seedsman, there are also a number that, while
not what one might term downright rogues, are
certainly unscrupulous. They do not hesitate
to label as their own a vegetable which is neither
new nor their own. Such things as ‘‘Smith’s”
Improved Red Globe turnip, or ‘“‘ Jones” Improved
Long Orange carrot, or “Brown’s” Improved
parsnip, advertised in big letters in early spring
are familiar to the public, and ninety-nine times
out of one hundred the seed is the same as some
old standard sort, a new name being applied and
a higher price asked.

Last season I secured seeds from a number of
different sources and tried novelties from over twenty
different houses. I had about 600 varieties of
vegetables this season, and exhibited some 460
varieties at a show held in September. But I
found that, in a great many cases, “Jones” Im-
proved black eggplant was not different in any way
from the old Black Pekin. I found that “Smith’s”
wonderful creation of the largest pepper in the
world, was not even a selected strain of Chinese
Giant. On the other hand, however, I did receive
some big improvements in various vegetables,
and had some novelties that were really worth
while.

A most peculiar case: I received seed from
one house of their famous “Strawberry”? tomato
in a beautifully lithographed packet; from another
I secured their wonderful “Grape” tomato; from
still another I had the wonderful ‘‘Tomato”
currant; and they all turned out to be the same
identical thing — the Red Cherry tomato, which
I could have bought from any reliable seedsman
for one-quarter the price I paid.

I also learned how to grow leeks to perfection.
I never had trenched them, but I now use paste-
board collars about nine inches high around the
plants, and keep the soil worked up to the bottom
of the collar, raising it as the plants grow. This
method certainly gives much longer stems.

I was troubled last summer by eggplants split-
ting. The fruit would get about the size of a base-
ball, and look perfectly healthy, but would
split so badly as to be unfit for use. After a little
experimenting I found that the cause of the trouble
was too much artificial watering. I applied a
mulch and stopped watering, and even though the
ground was frightfully dry, the plants did well.

One lesson which I learned this past year, and
one which I will not forget for a long time, is the
necessity of planting potatoes early if one wants
results during June and July, usually two very
dry months. I planted some potatoes on April
ist, and fully intended putting my entire crop
in at the same time, but something turned up to
prevent it, and about one-half of the potatoes
were then planted, the other half being put in
about two weeks later. The potatoes first planted
matured a crop of good-sized tubers, while those
of the second planting were mere marbles. Strange
as it may seem, a couple of weeks makes a great
difference, for the plants get their roots further
into the ground and the potatoes have formed
before the hot weather hits them. Less moisture is

- feet long.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

required from then on. This same thing has oc-
curred to me before, but the hopes of a favorable
season has sometimes prevented my planting all
potatoes by April rst.

I am not going to say “I told you so,” but if
you remember J did make a plea to you in the
spring to use good manure and plenty of it. Didn’t
I present every conceivable reason as to why you
should use manure in your garden? If you did,
it was undoubtedly better than your neighbor’s,
who didn’t use manure but pinned his faith to
some chemical fertilizer.

I use a great deal of manure in my garden, and
all through the drought of last summer, many
people remarked upon its fine appearance. Gar-
dens that were started properly in every way but
with a lack of manure, were not more than bare
patches of earth after the dry weather hit them.
By using manure, I do not mean to use one load
to a garden 100 x 100 ft. —I mean to dig under
a dressing of about three or four inches of mellow
manure. I once had an amateur gardener ask,
how much manure to use on his garden. When I
told him about: ten loads, he said he certainly
wouldn’t use any more than two. He eventually
increased that amount to three, with the result
that his garden produced nothing. He might
better have saved his time and money. Don’t
be half hearted over the manure.

Long Jsland. W. C. McCottom.

Pruning and Feeding Orchard
Trees

ON ANY warm pleasant day in December,
prune the’ orchard. Let us consider for a
moment what our objects are. We. want a tree
that is headed low down, so we can conveniently
spray the tree and pick the fruit, but not so
low that we cannot cultivate under the branches
which should be so far apart as to freely admit sun-
shine, and circulation of air when in foliage. The
trees should be kept symmetrical and beautiful.

The vase shape, or a modification of it, seems to
best fulfill these requirements. When beginning
with the newly planted young tree it is easy to
attain the ideal shape, but with a large tree that
has been more or less neglected, the best we can
do is to modify its form. When the one- or two-
year old apple trees were set in the family orchard
in spring, they were headed back to two or three
feet, and older ones to say, four feet. Now, when
winter comes the shaping must be determined by
pruning to form an open vase. Cut out branches
that are liable to touch each other as they develop.

When a tree is started in this way, the after-
pruning for a year or two is very easy — simply
to maintain the general vase form of the tree,
keeping an open centre, and pinching or cutting
off branches that are too close together, or cross
each other. Do this with a sharp pocket knife.

With the old apple orchard we have a more
difficult problem. The tool one should most often
use in this work is a fine-tooth saw perhaps two
Special pruning saws can be bought,
but the ordinary hand saw does very well. In
addition have one pair of long-handled pruning
shears and one pair of pruning shears made with
short handles, for use with one hand. The prun-
ing shears are more often used for cane, bush, and
vine fruit than for trees, for the saw or knife makes
a cleaner cut. Sometimes, however, the pruning
shears will do good work in quickly cutting suckers
and small branches. Cut close so that no stubs
are left to rot away.

When pruning an old neglected apple tree, the
first thing to do is to cut off the suckers or sprouts
on the body and main branches of the tree, and
the dead and decaying limbs. If the sound wood
then needs thinning, cut the Jimbs that are too
close together or that cross or over-lap, but avoid,
if possible, cutting those over one inch in diameter.
Sometimes it may be necessary, but I would hesi-
tate to do so with old trees. Do not cut off many
large branches or prune too closely in one year.

Let some of the strongest sprouts grow where
they are wanted, and cut away each year a little
of the old wood. Whenever a branch over one
inch in diameter is cut, cover the wound imme-
diately with thick paint if the weather is not too
cold. If so, do it the first warm day.

DECEMBER, 1910

A tree growing in rich soil, with good cultivation,
requires more pruning than that planted in poor
soil without cultivation. Pears and cherries
require ie¢ss pruning than plums and peaches.
Don’t prune too much; the more wood the more
leaves, and the more leaves the more growth.
The tree’s food is mostly in the atmosphere, and
the leaves are the feeding organs.

Protect young trees from injury by animals,
especially if they are near a forest where there
are rabbits and deer that gnaw the bark. Rats
and mice will badly injure small trees by gnawing
the bark close to the ground. A mound of earth
packed close around a tree, several inches high,
is a very good protection against rodents. Rabbits
usually are most destructive to small trees. They
generally gnaw the trees when the snow is on the
ground, and may girdle a tree one or two feet from
the ground, so to be on the safe side protect the
tree to the branches, especially when it is headed
low. Wrap tarred felt bands around the trunk
of the trees or whitewash them.

The orchard and small fruit garden must be
well fed in order to give good results. Commercial
fertilizers have proved satisfactory only when
used in connection with cover crops. Sometimes
a cover crop plowed under in the orchard, supple-
mented by some form of potash or phosphoric
acid makes a very well balanced fertilizer. Stable
manure containing all the urine is not a well
balanced fertilizer for it. It contains too much
nitrogen and is too stimulating for young trees if
very much is used. One of the best and most
economical fertilizers is made by composing raw
ground South Carolina phosphate rock with ani-
mal manure. Use the ground rock in the stable
as an absorbent. If one has a place in which to
store manure where it will not freeze, it is a good
plan to buy green, fresh manure, and compost it
with the ground rock by spreading each in
alternate layers. The ground rock can be purch-
ased from any fertilizer firm for $7 to $8 per
ton, and a few hundred pounds with a ton of
animal manure, doubles the value of the manure
and makes a well balanced fertilizer. The acid
rock should be purchased when not composted
with manure. Using this fertilizer, with thorough
cultivation and aération, puts the soil in condition
to grow clover; and clover, grown as a cover crop
and plowed under, feeds the orchard most
economically.

New York. W. H. JENKINS.

When pruning young orchard trees adhere to the
vase shape

‘THE

DercEMBER, 1910

Cream Separator
Buyers

TAKE NOTICE

You know that the Babcock tester—used
the world over for testing skimmed milk—
contains neither disks nor other contraptions.
Since the Babcock tester does not need inside
contraptions, it is plain that a properly built
cream Separator does not need them.

Sharples Dairy Tubular
Cream Separators

are the only separators
free from disks and other
contraptions. The only
simple—the only properly
built separators. The
Best. Produce
twice the skim-
ming force of com-
} mon Separators, and proved
| by the Babcock tester to
skim twice as clean. The
saving Tubulars thus
make you is clear profit
you cannot get any
other way.

Guaranteed forever. A
free trial for the asking.
Send no money to any-
one. Pay no freight.
Tubulars are made in the world’s biggest
separator works by America’s oldest separator concern.
We made the first separators manufactured on this continent
and have been at the
business 30 years. II-
s lustrated catalog No.
215 tells all about Tub-
ulars. Write for it and

ask for free trial.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.,

WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, Ill., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., Toronto,
an., Winnipeg, Can.

=> | World’s

Risk nothing.

BETTER SPRAY YOUR TREES!

San Jose Scale and other pests are hatching trouble in your orchard

rightnow. Stop it by spraying with a solution of
9@ CAUSTIC
GOOD S POTASIL WHALE OIL SOAP No. 3

Protects the trees and enriches the soil. Contains no salt, sul-
pie mineral oils or anything injurious. Used and endorsed by

. S. Department of Agriculture and State Experiment Stations.

50 lbs. $2.50; 100 lbs. $4.50; larger quantities proportionately less.
Send for free ‘“‘Manual of Plant Diseases.”
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 931 N. Front St., Philadelphia

DREER'’S

. GARDEN BOOK

MORE HELPFUL
THAN EVER!

Increased from 256 to 288 pages.
Extra space is largely given to cul-
tural information and photographic illus-
trations. @ Eight beautiful colored and

duotone plates of specialties in vegetable
and flowering seeds, roses and old-fash-

ioned hardy plants. @A complete list
of the season’s best novelties—many of
which are obtainable from us alone. Q If
you are a garden lover, you should have
this invaluable book.

WRITE US FOR IT—SENT FREE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service gives infor-
mation about real estate

Yiy @

/ Water Supply Service \

Ay | for any building— | iN i
“t for any institution— I

j\' any place—anywhere

/ No matter where you want water, or how much
you want, or under what conditions you want
it, it will pay you to investigate the

Kewanee System
_0f Water Supply

No city water system provides better water supply
service. With your own private plant—a Kewanee
System—you can have an abundance of water de-
livered under strong pressure, to all your fixtures
and hydrants—to the bathroom, kitchen, laundry,

lawn, stables, garage—anywhere.

Thousands of Kewanee Systems are in use
every day, year in and year out, for supplying
city, country and suburban homes, private and
public institutions, country clubs, — schools,
apartment buildings, fraternal homes, factories,
towns, etc.

The Kewanee System is a high quality water
system through and through. It is the only
absolutely guaranteed no-trouble system

Write for our Catalog No. 16 and
full information. Estimates and
engineering service free.

Kewanee Water Supply Co.
Kewanee, Illinois.
2080 Hudson-Terminal Bldg., 50 Church
Street, New York City.
1212 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, Ill.
305 Diamond Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa,

HE CLOTHES DRY ON WASH DAY

When using the “ CHICAGO-FRANCIS ” Combined Clothes
Dryer and Laundry Stove. Clothes are dried without extra
expense, as the waste heat from the laundry stove dries the clothes.
Can furnish stove suitable for burning wood, coal or gas. Dries
the clothes as perfectly as sunshine. Especially adapted for use
in Residences, Apartment Buildings and Institutions. All Dry-
ers are built to order in various sizes and can be made to fit almost
any laundry room. Write today for descriptive circular and our
handsomely illustrated No. A 12 catalog. Address nearest office.

CHICAGO DRYER CO. DRYER MF’G CO.
DEPT. F 12 DEPT. F 12
385 Wabash Ave., CHICAGO, ILL. 204 E. 26th St., NEW YORK CITY

AModern Residence Laundry Room showing installation OR

of ‘““CHICAGO-FRANCIS”’ Dryer and Laundry Stove

If you wish to purchase live-stock
write the Readers’ Service

ap ie(78

The Neighbor -Maker

AVAGES built rude

bridges so that they
might communicate with
their neighbors. These
have been replaced by
triumphs of modern engi-
neering.

Primitive methods of
transmitting speech have
been succeeded by Bell
telephone service, which
enables twenty-five mil-
lion people to bridge the
distances that separate
them, and speak to each

other as readily as if they
stood face to face.

Such a service, efficient-
ly meeting the demands
of a busy nation, is only
possible with expert oper-
ation, proper maintenance
of equipment, and central-
ized management.

The Bell System provides
constantly, day and night,
millions of bridges to carry
the communications of this
country.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
ANbD ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

One System

Universal Service

Competent Gardeners

GARDEN MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1910

Renovating the Lawn

a HIS is rather a month for cleaning up and

for preparation than for much actual work
outdoors, though it is still quite possible to put in
the hardier annuals and vegetables in the coast
country and in the South. Montbretias, valuable
in the border alike for their clean, green, sword-
like foliage and their fine orange and scarlet
flowers, should be divided and replanted now to
get good results, such as are impossible with close
matted clumps.

This also is an excellent time to dig up gladioli
and dahlias, cutting off their tops and storing them
in a cool shed or other place which is neither
so dry as to cause them to shrivel nor so damp
as to start weak premature shoots. It is very
common, in those parts of California where there
are never more than a few degrees of frost, to treat
both gladioli and dahlias as hardy perennials,
leaving them in the ground all the time. Where
drainage is good this results in a strong bushy
growth and many flowers in early summer; but
in the case of dahlias especially, for fine quality
and flowers in September, when we want them so
much more, it is advisable to lift now and separate
into single tubers and replant next May.

The late fall, too, is the best time to root roses
in the open ground from cuttings. From well
ripened shoots of this year’s growth cut off pieces
about seven inches in length, the lower end being
cut just below a joint from which the leaves spring.
Remove the leaves if any remain and plant, prefer-
ably in a sandy soil, with about five inches of the
cutting under ground, and the earth made very
firm around the base of the cutting. If put about
ten inches apart in an inconspicuous part of the
garden, they may be left, with no further care
than an occasional watering and weeding, until
the next autumn, when the majority will have
rooted and made sufficient growth to be moved
to their permanent places. It is worth while
adding that it is the more vigorous varieties which
do well on their own roots.

As lawns are best made or renovated during
the cooler, cloudier months, a few suggestions may
now be useful, especially to newer arrivals in the
section. Emphasis has often been laid in THE Gar-
DEN MaGazIne on the thorough preparation of the‘
ground by digging, manuring and rolling, so I will
only add that this applies particularly to California,
where the long dry summers are especially hard
on a lawn. Seeding can be done either in the
fall or in March, preferably the latter in the
northern part of the state, and it is well to allow
a few days to intervene between the preparation
of the soil and the seed sowing, in order that the
first crop of weeds may germinate and be hoed off.

|

Sheep Manure

4% Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad
odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden,
lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants.
$ 4 00 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order.
e Delivered to your Freight Station-
Apply now.

The Pulverized Manure Go.,19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago.

Kentucky blue grass certainly makes the finest
lawn where care and attention can be given it,
and a combination of this with white clover is
also good. Around San Francisco Bay, where
summers are cool and water is always available,
small lawns are often wholly clover, the chief
disadvantage being that they require a lot of
cutting. In some of the almost frostless parts
of Southern California and particularly where
the soil is light, Bermuda grass is used for lawns
as it has the merits of withstanding drought and
affording no foothold for weeds; but as it spreads
rapidly and can hardly be eradicated, it is well
to make sure you like its duller green before sowing
seed or, as is sometimes done, planting pieces of
the root checker-board fashion over the area to
be covered. In any case it should never be
mixed with other grasses, nor can it be recom-

The comforts and products of a country home are in-
creased by employing a competent Gardener; if you want to
engage one write to us. Please give particulars regarding
place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We
have been supplying them for years to the best people every-
where. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seeds-
men and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City.

= @
t B
; with ia - K RSS
7 Empire King p=
He who attempts to grow fruits without aSprayer Seas
———> is handicapped. Blight and bugs, rot and rust, e

mold and mildew, all conspire to damage the crop, and in

all cases succeed ifthe farmer does not spray. Thisis the only

hand pump having automatic agitator and brush for cleaning strainer. Valuable book
oi instruction free, FIELD FORCE PUMP CO,, 48 Eleventh Street, Eimira, N. Y.

Wy
RE || Wee
in ia

a ees

A The Readers’ Service will give inj li
Lr H 1D) G A R D E N M A G A Ty, I N E letoue ie Taree table aes 235

DeEcEMBER, 1910

Genasco
Ready Roofing

|-ut it on the roof of all your build-
ings, and you'll have peace of mind,
comfort, satisfaction, and economy;
you ll have absolute and lasting wea-
ther-protection.

Genasco is made of Trinidad Lake asphalt
—the natural and only perfect waterproofer.

The Kant-leak Kleet keeps seams water-
proof without cement. Supplied with Gen-
asco, when specified.

Ask your dealer for Genasco, and be sure to look
for the trademark, ineral or smooth surface. A
written guarantee, if you want it. Write for samples

and the Good Roof Guide Book.

THE BARBER ASPHALT
PAVING COMPANY

Largest miesttes of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready-roofing in the world

PHILADELPHIA

New York San Francisco Chicago
Cross-section Genasco a lias Roofing

Treva! a Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt ©

ETA Trinidad Lake Asphalt

SS Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt

LOOK OUT
FOR SPARKS

No more danger or damage from flying
sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire-
place screens. Send for free booklet
** Sparks from the Fire-side.’’ It tells about
the best kind of a spark guard for your in-
dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free
booklet and make your plans early.

The Syracuse Wire Works
108 University Avenue, - Syricuse, N.Y.

A splendid rose manual—telling how to W,
cultivate, fertilize, spray and mulch BS

roses. Invaluable to every lover of the
Queen of Flowers, Mailed for ro
cents—send today. Box 24

Largest importers and growers of

OrcHIDs in the United. States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N J

Grow Mushrooms

BIG AND QUICK PROFITS
Small Capital to Start
A Safe Business

Over 12 years’ experience enables
me to give practical and reliable
instructions in the business. From
a start with only afew dollars cap-
ital I built up the largest mush-
room farm in America. “No matter
what your occupation is or where
you are located here is an oppor-
: tunity to acquire a_ thorough
tmlowledze ai this aE business. I have shown thousands
os men and women how to add $5 to $60 per week to their in-
comes and will gladly show you. Send for book giving par-
ticulars, how to start, cost, etc. Address

JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM

5917 N. Western Ave.. Chicago, Mlinois

This carnation ard chrysanthemum compartment is equipped with cast iron benches.

Note how light the iron frame of the house is.

Greenhouse Plan Number 64

LAN 64 is amost prac-
P tical one for a house

of moderate size. It
is 50 feet long and 18
wide, having two compart-
ments or inside garden
plots.

There are three benches
in each compartment; one
center bench 6 feet wide
and two combined side and
end ones, 3 feet wide. The
availiable gardening space
given by the benches is 400
square feet. A compart-
ment 33 feet long and 18
wide will grow 200 rose
plants, giving an average
yield of 5,000 blooms of
all grades. So you see a
greenhouse can do great
things for you.

Erected for Mr. W. i. Singer: Edgeworth, Pa.

New York Boston

Lord & Burnham Co. St. James Bldg. Tremont Bldg.

Open -Air
Schools

By

LEONARD P. AYRES, Ph.D.

@ The first adequate treatment
of this important educational
movement. Dr. Ayres writes

from practical experience.

He

The way we build our
houses makes them practi-
cally indestructible. The
frame work is completely
of iron. The benches are
of cast iron. With the
repair bill bugaboo elim-
inated from your green-
house, you are in a position
to enjoy its results to the
fullest.

This Plan, Number 64
along with some sixty
others, is fully described
and interestingly illustrat-
ed in our latest catalog,
called: Some Greenhouses
We Have Built. If yo.con-
template building either a
greenhouse or a cunserva-
tory we want to send you
this catalog.

Philadelphia Chicago
Heed Bldg. The Rookery

traces the development of the open-air Eecneal on its fecepeion in Germany son n to its

adoption and gradual spread in this country.

and valuable statistical charts.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & & CO., Garden City, N.Y.

Over 50 pages of interesting photographs
Net, $1.20 ( postage 12 cents)

Do you intend to build a poultry houseé
Write to the Readers’ Service

236

(III ANU

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THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DecEeMBeER, 1910.-

Palm, Rose and Carnation Houses
yp GOOD combination this! Good because it so successfully com-

bines the practical with the ornametal. Its practical side is

thoroughly discussed in our catalog; also two other views of the
house are shown, which will further add to your convincement.

One of them particularly illustrates the way the location difficulty
was successfully solved.

You want this catalog because you ought to know U- Bar green-
houses and compare them with other greenhouses before you invest
your dollars. Send for it.

PIERSON U-BAR CO &

1 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK cj
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

“Lz Lizzy LM ME

HARDY NORTHERN GROWN NURSERY STOCK

WE GROW EVERYTHING FOR PLANTING THE HOME GROUNDS
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF

Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses --« Herbaceous Perennials,Etc.,Etc.

Our New Illustrated and descriptive Catalogue for the asking

THE BAY STATE NURSERIES, NORTH ABINGTON, MASS.

FAIRFAX ROSES
CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free

W. R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

SSS 7 7 ZZ MMMM ay

S

Ss

SS

=
Ss

MMU SSMS ASSASSSSS

Z

RQ

TLL

GEORGE H. PETERSON

ROSE AND PEONY SPECIALIST
Box 50 FAIR LAWN, N. J.

P RELIABLE =

SPRAYERS

Only thorough work with the best machinery will
accomplish the best paying results from spraying.

You must spray if you would have perfect fruit, and it
doesn’t pay to bother with a cheap outfit. It means no
end of trouble and it’s too risky—you have too much

at stake.

Goulds Sprayers have proved their su-
periority by years of service. We make
the sprayer best suited to your condi-

tions. It will last for years because all
working parts are made of bronze to
resist the action of chemicals. ‘‘ You
can depend on a Goulds’’ to work when
ever and as long as you require.
Send for Our Booklet:
“‘How to Spray—When to Spray —What Sprayers to Use’’
It discusses the matter thoroughly. It gives valuable
spraying formulas and tells how and when to use them.
THE GOULDS MFG. CO., 82 W. Fall St., Seneca Falls, N. Y.
We Make both Hand and Power Pumps for Eyery Service

mended where the cold will turnit brown during
the winter.

As nursery catalogues usually appear this month,
by ordering your fruit trees, berry bushes and
strawberry plants at once you will have them
delivered for planting in January and F ebruary.
Two years ago we had long continuous rains and
nurserymen found it so difficult to dig stock that
many late.orders were only filled in March. As

regards varieties it is best to consult neighbors,
and find which do best in your locality, as this
has much to do with success. ‘Trees, shrubs,
roses and hedge plants may also be. ordered
by the New Year, noting that in the colder
parts of the state Australian plants like acacia
and pittosporum are best planted in March,
while the hardy evergreens may very well go in
this month.

California. SYDNEY B. MiTcHELL.

Small Specimen and Lawn Trees
for the Northwest

|ByNCaes are hardy and easy to start but very

short lived. When a birch has attained its
best proportions—say thirty years —it not
infrequently dies without any apparent cause.
As birches. are primarily ornamental trees the
weeping cut leaved variety should be selected as a
rule and placed so that it will appear to possess
some continuity with other features of the gar-
den. Against a group or even a single ever-
green the birches’s white trunk shows up well in
winter.

The mountain ash will grow in a variety of soils.
Though the trunk divides rather low down it will
form a symmetrical crown. The clusters of bright
red berries would be very ornamental if the
robins would only leave them alone, but so fond
are the birds of these berries that when the berries
begin to redden, a tree will be stripped in less than
a week. The heart-wood decays very easily and
neglected trees almost invariably become hollow.
Though not an ideal street tree I have seen it so
used with fair success.

The choke-cherry with its clean straight trunk
and rather open top is a good tree for cramped
quarters. Both its flowers and fruit have a de-
corative value. The wild plum is a thorny way-
ward grower, but its hardiness recommends it.
Like the choke cherry it loves rich soil, but will
grow on gravel. Its fragrant bloom is a spring
time joy, nor is its fruit without culinary value.
Tt will hardly do on the front lawn, but is a nice
tree to have in the back-yard. "The flowering
habit of both the choke-cherry and wild plum gives
them value as screens. The thorn apple can also
be used rather effectively, but requires some
pruning to be at its best.

A PRACTICAL PLANTING PLAN

By planting rapid growers together with long
lifed trees one may obtain immediate shade, while
at the same time providing for the future. This,
however, does not apply to those trees that we have
designated as primarily lawn trees. Cottonwoods
should be thinned out at an early age, and filled
in with boxelders. When these latter have at-
tained some size the remaining cottonwoods are
to be removed and more permanent trees, such as
elms, hackberries, Norway maples, or ashes set
in their places. Thus one sacrifices neither
immediate results nor permanency. Where box-
elders or soft maples are the first trees planted the
more enduring trees are best set out at the same
time with them. As a nurse tree, the soft maple
is even better than the boxelder. An added ad-
vantage of planting the various trees together
lies in the fact that a little crowding will heip
the upward growth of the slower ones. An elm
wil! be most benefited, while a basswood may have
its symmetry impaired if the crowding he a little
in excess of its endurance. It is obvious that a
considerable number of combinations can be thus
effected.

In all this work, however, it must be borne
in mind that, as far as ornamental planting is
concerned, one well developed specimen tree is
worth many crowded individuals.

North Dakota. C. H. MELLER.

|

DecEMBER, 1910

The latest books on t 1 and bi h
i Ds H E G A R D E N M A G A Yi, I N E ie abiened Wi buahi tie REVI E e 237

“Comforter” that will Keep the
Whole Family Warm

A house lined with Cabot’s Sheathing
Quilt will be wind and frost proof. It will
be warm in winter and cool in summer. No
heat can get out nor cold get in, or vice versa.

It is not a mere paper or felt, but a thick
matting which retains the warmth as a bird’s
plumage does. “Jt zs cheaper to build warm
houses than to heat cold ones.”

Sample and catalogue free on request.
SAMUEL CABOT, Inc.

1 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass.

AGENTS AT ALL CENTRAL POINTS
AeD CABOT’S SHINGLE STAINS

CONSERVO WOOD PRESERVATIVE

Why Not Have

RUNNING WATER

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POWER SPECIALTY CO., 2135 Trinity Bldg., N. Y.

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Mail address—95 Milk Street. Boston

The Vacuum Cleaner
Made by Sturtevant

When Sturtevant engineers succeeded in compress-
ing into a 2-foot machine the powerful principle of

high-pressure fan-suction —

They produced the vacuum cleaner that has trebled
the usefulness of household vacuum cleaning.

For fifty years Sturtevant fans have been solving some of the world’s big mechanical problems. They
suck cargoes of wheat from the holds of ships, draw bad air from the deepest mines, exhaust refuse from
factories. The same principle reduced to its simplest terms, makes the

ur Van Vacuum

Cleaner
It has wonderful power.

It gets all the dirt, big and little. Tests show it will get three times as much dirt out of a room as a broom.

It is the simplest portable cleaner in the world.

Its working parts are a motor, a suction fan and a dust receptacle —nothing else.

It will not damage fabrics. That’s the great bugbear of vacuum cleaning.
It replaces the excessive suction of the ordinary suction cleaner (which pulls and tears every fabric it
touches) with its wonderful air-column, drawing through its hose nearly 100,000 cubic inches of air per
minute. It has extraordinary cleaning efficiency, yet zt will not injure the most delicate fabric.

It does its work quickly and easily.

No going over and over the same space to get it clean.

It will last.
There is nothing te wear out.. None of the valves, bellows and gears whose leaking and wearing
down make constant trouble and repairs.

It is both asuction and a blowing machine.

Invaluable for aerating mattresses, and a dozen similar
purposes.
It has largest capacity.

Will clean a whole house without emptying. Most port-
able vacuum cleaners must be emptied after every room.

Finished in aluminum, rubber tires,
10 special cleaning tools. Delivered,
express prepaid, ready for use.

PRICE, $130

aN Guaranteed in every detail of
Bree, construction
pV and ope-
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Our Booklet will give you a new idea of the real possibili-
ties of household vacuum cleaning.
SEND FOR BOOKLET 55

But if you are in reach of one of our branch offices, see ou~
machine. It speaks for itself.

B. F. Sturtevant Company, #Y9F,23R*

so Church St., New York; 135 N. Third St., Phila.; 530 So.
Clinton St., Chicago; 329 W. Third St., Cincinnati, 711
Park Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.; 1006 Loan and Trust Bldg
Washington, D. C.; 34 Oliver St., Boston; 707 Phoenix
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Granite B'dg., Rochester, N. Y.; 400 Fullerton Bldg., S'
Louis; 456 Norwood Ave., Buffalo, N. Y¥.; 26 Peark Sr..
Hartford, Conn.

(@-We invite dealers of standing to write for
our trade terms

CARE OF AUTOMOBILES = By Burt J. Paris

This practical little hand-book tells everything worth knowing on the subject, and is
absolutely non-technical. The author has drawn upon many years of observation and personal

experience.

At all Bookstores, $1.00 net, postage 4 cents

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Publishers, Garden City, N. Y.

238

If you are planning to build, the Readers’
Service can ojten give helpjul suggestions

TP EL WG eAUR ID EN

Is Your Milk Really Clean
or Merely Clean Looking?

Strained milk all looks alike, it may be crowded
with germs, or positively sanitary. Straining takes
out the coarse dirt, but zf the dirt and milk once become
mixed, the milk 1s tainted and cannot possibly be cleaned

by straining.
The Sterilac

Pail assures

because it keeps the milk and the dirt from ever
It is the only effective, /ow-

coming into contact.
cost device for

producing pure milk.

Note the strainer cloth on
which the milk strikes..

Note the dirt-shelf which
catches the dirt falling from
the udder. The projecting top
shields the strainer cloth from
falling dirt.

It is easy to use, because the
opening is of ample width.

It does not spatter.

really clean milk,

Further-

more, it is better made and will last longer than any pail that you ever

owned. Try it at our risk.

Here is our offer:

We will send a pail, prepaid delivery. You try it for 10 days.

If you are not

satisfied, send it back at our expense. If you like it, send us $2.50. Write us that you accept our offer,
and we will ship the pail. Specify a seamless pail if you prefer it, at an increase in price of 50 cents.

STERILAC COMPANY

2 Merchants Row, Boston, Mass.

Modern sanitary Milk Apparatus of all kinds.

The Hollow
Needle

MAURICE LEBLANC

In this romance
of a mysterious cavern

on the coast of France, a
secret which is the possession
of the French Crown, you will

feel the thrill of Dumas and Ga-

boriau. It is a new adventure of

ARSENE LUPIN

He is the same bewildering, fascin-

ating, audacious French rogue, ut-
terly and unexpected.
This story of a baffling inscription

suprising

and its interpretation by the great-
est of modern detectives is un-
surpassed in subtlety and real

dramatic power.

Illustrated. Fixed Price,
$1.20 (Postage 12 cts.)

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.,

GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

MAGAZINE

DrEcEMBER, 1910

The Art of Pruning an Old
Apple Tree

“| Pees are two important reasons for pruning

the apple tree — to prolong its life and to
improve the quality of its fruit. Pruning is prop-
erly done after the sap stops flowing — from
November to February — but not during bitterly
cold weather.

The tools needed are a narrow trimming-saw for
all medium-sized limbs, a larger saw for the heavier
wood, and a pair of pruning shears for removing
whips or suckers from about the trunk and lower
limbs. All cuts must be clean, as a snaggy or
uneven surface promotes decay. All raw wood
must be painted.

Trees which have borne full crops may he closely
pruned, as the next year’s crop will be light. All
superfluous branches can be removed, over-
balanced limbs shortened, and the tree left clean
and open. Trees which are to bear the following
year cannot be closely pruned without the loss
of many fruit buds. Except in extreme cases,
the branches should be merely thinned.

It is a good plan to undertake the old trees first,
as much may be learned from past pruning. Trees
which must support the weight of very long boughs
extending at right angles to the trunk will event-
ually suffer from sagging limbs and a split trunk.
All trees whose long, naked limbs extend for many
feet from the trunk to the leafy periphery, have
each year borne their crops a little farther away.
The crown of foliage has assumed an umbrella-like
form discouraging inner growth by its shade, and
the size and quality of the fruits are affected by
their distance from the root system. Remedy

The hole shown above is the result of the re-
moval of a branch. The exposed heart-wood was
not painted and has decayed

This improperly shaped apple tree was badly pruned

a

eee La ay eee

DrcEMBER, 1910

Buy This $250
Greenhouse Now

Have an indoor garden of flowers all winter.
No leggy, laggy plants, but healthy, full bloom-
ing “‘top-notchers.””

Never has a greenhouse so well built and
thoroughly guaranteed been offered at so lowa
figure. Price includes everything, even to the
boiler. Shipped knocked down, ready for
immediate erection.

Anyone can put it up — no foundation
needed. Turn the dreary months before spring
into summer by having this house. Send for

Ly. BROADWAY, N.Y.
FIITCHINGS & Cc
[Landscape Gardening

A course for Home-makers and
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig
and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell
University.

Gardeners who understand up-to-
date methods and practice are in
demand for the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape Gar-
dening is indispensable to those
who would have the pleasantest

Progr. CRAIG homes.

250 page catalogue free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass.

& Fordurable painting of all kinds use National Lead Com-
5, Pany’s Pure White Lead (Dutch Boy Painter trade mark).
5 “ Dutch Boy Paint” Adviser No. 95 on request FREE

; &i NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY 111 Broadway, N. Y.

DO Waxr TO BE A BETTER SHOT?

Write us and we will give you some good pointers. We will
also send information about Guns and Rifles

J. Stevens Arms & ool Co., Dept. 286, Chicopee Falls, Mass.

9 Once ;
Maule’s Seeds $2, "2"
Send postal for 1910 catalogue. Witttam HENRY
Maute, 1721 Filbert Street, Philadelphia.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Ij a problem grows in your garden write to 939
the Readers’ Service for assistance Ue

-= REWARDS and FAIRIES

By RUDYARD KIPLING

“In this volume Mr. Kipling
has done some of his best work,”
says a reviewer in the New York

Globe,“and he ishead of them all
when hedoes that.” ‘There isthe
story of “Cold Iron” and the lad
who left the People of the Hills
for the folk that live in housen,
“A Doctor a Medicine” who read in the stars
the secret of the Great Plague, and many
others. Even Philadelphia and several American
heroes appear in these new-old Saxon fairy tales.
The stories shimmer in that wondrous halfway
place between reality and dream. A tremble and
it is world of Flesh and Blood; a flutter and you
are with Puck and the People of the Hills. And

you slip into it all as if it were the customary
thing. Mr. Kipling has omitted nothing of his
old skill. ieee: $1.50.

COLLECTED VERSE. By Rudyard Kipling.
Illustrated Holiday Edition

q Mr. Kipling has here personally chosen the verse by which he wishes to be represented.
It is a worthy holiday presentation of this definitive work. Beautifully illustrated by W.
Heath Robinson. Cloth, net, $3.50 (postage 35c); Leather, net, $10.00 (postage 50c); Limit-
ed Edition of 125 qutoeraphed and numbered copies on large paper, net, $20.00 (Gesiaee 50c).

Other Books by RUDYARD KIPLING

Pocket Edition of volumes marked ** bound in flexible red leather, each net, $1.50 (postage 8c.)

Puck of Pook’s Hill. Illustrated in color. $1.50. The Brushwood Boy. Fixed price, $1.50
They. Special Holiday Edition. Illustrated in (postage 8c.)
color. Fixed price, $1.50 Cae es ) With the Night Mail.
**Traffics and Discoveries. $1.5 (postage 10c.)
“The Five Nations. Fixed price, $1 40 (post- Kipling Stories and Poems Every Child
age IIc. Should Know. Edited by Mary E. Burt and
cee pe Stories. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage W.T. Chapin. Net $1.20 (postage 12c)

**The Light that Failed. $1.50.
The Just So Song Book. Fixed price, $1.20 **Soldier Stories. $1.50
(postage 8c.) ier 2 50.

Collected Verse of Rudyard Kipling. Net, **The Naulahka (With Wolcott Balestier). $1.50

Fixed price, $1.00

$1.80 (postage 14c.)

“Kim. $1.50.

A Song of the English. Net, $7.50 illustrated

(postage

**The Day’s Work. $1.50.

“Stalky & Co. $1.50.

**Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50.

**Life’s Handicap; Being Stories of Mine Own
People. $1.50.

“The Kipling Birthday Book.

**Under the Deodars. The Phantom ’Rick-
shaw and Wee Willie Winkie. $1.50.

Doubieday, Page & Co.
i iii ci. ===saee

**Departmental Ditties and Ballads and
Barrack-room Ballads. 50.

**Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys
and In Black and White. $1.50.
**Many Inventions. $1.50.
**From Sea to Sea. Fixed price, $1.60 (postage
c.)
**The Seven Seas. Fixed Price, $1.40 (postage
14c.)
**Abaft the Funnel. $1.50.
Actions and Reactions. Illustrated. $1.50.

Garden City, New York

bh den write t
240 110 fie Reaudee Semuice forassitonce CE @G2AGROD) HONE IGG ZalgN

Rheingold and Valkyrie

Beautiful Holiday Edition Illustrated by

ARTHUR RACKHAM

With a new Translation of the Text

E THINK it is no exaggeration to say that
Mr. Rackham stands to-day as the foremost
living illustrator of imaginative and poetic
classics. He has chosen for this season as inspiring
a theme as artist ever had: that colossal story of the
Nibelung’s Ring through which the genius of Wagner
has made these misty Norse legends a vital fact in the
life of the modern world. The artist has outdone him-
self on this subject, and we are convinced that this
volume (and the succeeding one, which will round
oie ae Ring” with the remaining two operas, “‘Sieg-
fried” and “Géotterdammerung”’) will win an_ even
wider appreciation of the beauties of Mr. Rackham’s
unequalled gift-books.

Uniform with ““A Midsummer Night’s Dream.’’ Illustrated in color
and black and white, boxed. Net, $5.00 (postage 50 cents).

Edition de Luxe, 150 copies, each, Net, $15.00. (postage 50 cents).

Other Books Illustrated by Mr. Rackham

GRIMM’S FAIRY TALES, Net, $6.00 (postage 50 cents).
Edition de Luxe, autographed, Net, $20 (postage 50 cents).

UNDINE, Net, $2.50 (postage 20 cents).
Edition de Luxe, Net, $6.00 (postage 50 cents).

A MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM, Net, $5.00 (postage 25 cents).
CARROLL’S “ALICE IN WONDERLAND,” Net, $1.40 (postage 10 cents).
IRVING’S ‘RIP VAN WINKLE,” Net, $5.00 (postage 25 cents).

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE&CO., Garden City,N.Y.|

Sen Edward White’s Books

give the best, broad interpretation of American out-of-door life. His outdoor novels
and adventurous narratives sound the deep call of the free, wide spaces.
The Rules of the Game. Fixed Price, $1.40 (postage 15c.)

F The Silent Places . $1.50 The Westerners . $1.50

The Riveratam 3/9 ta0 Conjurer’s House. 1.25 Blazed Trail Stories 1.50

Arizona Nights. . 1.50 The Claim Jumpers 1.50 The Blazed Trail . 1.50
The Forest . .

Net, $1.50 (postage 20c.) The Pass . . : Net, $1.25 (postage 14c.)
The Mountains Net, 1.50 (postage 20c.) Camp and Trail Net, 1.25 (postage 14c.)
The Mystery (With Samuel Hopkins Adams) $1.50

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

The white band indicates where end of bough |

should be cut off to give space to the young branch

this by cutting away portions of these heavy
boughs at a point where good growth may result
from young shoots or adventitious buds closer
to the feeding system. The fruit of this new
growth will be larger and more juicy than that
farther away.

PRUNING YOUNG TREES

In the case of young trees of few years’ bearing,
the method is somewhat different. Here vigor
of growth is not distributed over a large area, but
its force is observed in the rapid formation of young
buds and shoots. Here the pruner must dis-
courage intervening growth, directing it to the
limbs which will give the tree proper balance, thus
favoring an even distribution of fruit to which the
sunlight shall have moderate access. In trimming
it is wise to first cut out misplaced branches, with
an eye to the position of young buds or shoots, and
then go over the tree with the trimming. saw,
cutting out all superfluous growth.

With two-year-old trees, it is necessary to decide
upon the height of the head or point where the
lowest branches diverge from the trunk, which is
usually between four and five feet from the ground.
Once established this distance will be maintained
throughout the life of the tree. All branches
below this point are cut off, four or five buds or
branches near the desired point being retained.
The preference is for branches that tend upward
and outward at such an angle as to properly sup-
port future crops. Each year all pliant boughs
which sag from the weight at their ends should
have a portion cut away, relying upon a later bud
to continue the growth to the desired length when
the limb is stronger.

Until the tree reaches bearing age, subsequent
pruning consists in cutting out closely interlacing
branches.

New Jersey. M. Roperts CONOVER.

A properly pruned tree, sunlight being admitted to
all the inner parts

<
=

DecemBeER, 1910 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 941

SAAANAASN

" PaASSanw

Eight
Delightful
Volumes for
Children of
All Ages

“Parents will find this
series good for all ages ”—
Philadelphia Inquirer.

“There is no question as fo its lit-
erary distinction and value.’’—New
York Tribune.

“An admirable juvenile library.”—
Journal, Providence.

“Provides a foundation for a good
reference library.”—Chicago Post.

“Delightful tales for young read-
ers.”—The Gleaner, Detroit.

“The cream of world-lore is here.”—
Philadelphia Item.

“All parents must feel that they owe
a debt of gratitude to Mr. Mabie.”—
Herald, Augusta.

‘Delightful, nof only for children
but for manyadults.”—Chicago Record-
Herald.

“4 wise mother and good books enabled me to succeed in life. She was very poor,
but never too poor to buy the proper books for her children.’’—HeNRyY Cuay.

The Every Child
Should Know Library { A Dollar Bill
The World’s Work for{ Brings Both
a du liwieat: 2500s. 66.

_ All parents, and those interested in the education of children, know how difficult
it is to secure just the right kind of reading for them. Childhood is the decisive
period of life, for it is then that habits and tastes are formed that have most do with
the development of character. Inthis library the work that you would do yourself,
if you had the time, money and literary judgment, has been done for you by the best
critics who have spent their lives in the study of literature and in whose opinion you
may have perfect confidence.

The Set Sent
For Your Approval

In order to make it possi-
ble for every parent, and for
everyone interested in chil-
dren, to see this set, we will
send it for your approval
so you may pass your own
judgment. Mailthe coupon
with one dollar. Wewill for-
ward theeight volumes at once,
carriage paid, and enter you
for The World’s Work for a full
year. Ifyou don’t agree with
us return the books, carriage
collect, and we will refund
your first payment. The lib-
rary is worth $12.00. The
W orld’s W ork isworth $3.00. You
can have the $15.00 worth for
$1.00 now and {1.00 a month for
eight months. Sending the coupon
puts you under no obligation what-
ever but it does give you an oppor-

tunity to see these delightful vol-
umes. WRITE TO-DAY.

“My opportunities in youth for acquiring an edu-
cation were limited, but I had the great good fortune
of being well supplied with useful books, and these
gave me my start in life.”’—DanieL WEBSTER.

Hamilton Wright Mabie has edited “FAMOUS STORIES,” “FAIRY
TALES,” “HEROES,” and “HEROINES.”

“BIRDS” isby . . ~ ~~ Neltje Blanchan

“WATER WONDERS” is by Jean M. Thompson

“POEMS” is edited by . . Mary E. Burt
“SONGS” is edited by . . Dolores Bacon

There Are No Better Books for the Children

This is the first time that a collection of such unusual merit has been offered
at a price so low. ‘The editorial work that had to be done is enormous.
The literature of the entire world has been drawn upon and the selections
have been made from thousands of volumes. ‘This set of books constitutes
a complete library for a child, one in which pride will be taken and that
will encourage the habit of good reading. We have decided to include with it, as
an introductory offer, A FULL YEAR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO THE WORLD'S
WORK. You may use both as a gift, send the magazine to a friend, or if you
are already a subscriber, have your subscription extended.

—

Dovustepay, Pace & Co. G.M. v-10
Garden City, New York

Gentlemen: I accept your offer and enclose $1.00
for which you are to enter me for a year’s subscrip-
tion to The World’s Work and send me the “Every
Child Should Know Library.” After examination I
will either return the books to you or send you $1.00 a
month for eight months.

WRITE NAME AND ADDRESS BELOW

NA rie ane RON He ee oe eae a on cee =

WAN dress 23 a

Fienimerh*

The Readers’ Service gives
injormation about insurance

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1910

: SEARCH FAR:AND WIDE
ATAOME AND |
RON aE ORDER S10

COCOA-CHOCOLATE

hh

WILL ALWAYS BE FOUND|
' TO.EXCELIN. |

PURITY-QUALITY-FLAVOR

‘SOLD EVERYWHERE |

MONEY IN MUSHROOMS

Men and women read how we have
successfully grown mushrooms for
2© years for big profits, and learn
ll about our Imperial Spawn,

: which we place
direct and fresh in
the hands of the
grower, not dried
and infertile, but
moist and full of
x life. Mushrooms
# are easily grown at home in

day for cellars, sheds, stables, boxes,
big 32- etc., all the year. Previ-
page Ous experience or capital
free not needed. We were
booklet first; teach you the busi-
and learn ness and our. methods
how to REE and TELL
makea WHERE TO SELL
start. WHAT YOU RAISE.

55, Hyde Park, Mass.

National Spawn & Mushroom Co., Dept.
WITH OR

, SUN-DIALS witoes
PEDESTALS

Please send for catalogue of Sun Dials

H 29, also catalogue H 27 of Pergolas

and H 40 of Wood Columns.

HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.
Chicago, Ill.

New York Office, 1123 Broadway

Its Economy and Power

Startle the World!

The Engine Runs on COAL ‘OIL at a Fraction of Cost
of Gasoline

Thousands of these marvelous engines—in actual use to-day
—prove beyond question that kerosene is the engine fuel of the

future. The success of the “Detroit” Engine
is absolutely unparalleled.

Demand is overwhelming.

Kerosene (common coal oil) runs it with
wonderful economy. Kerosene generaily
costs 6 to 5c Jess per gallon than gasoline—
and gasoline is still going up. Runs
on any engine fuel. Only three moving
parts. Light and portable. Does work
of engines weighing four times as much.
Runs everything.

The Amazing

“DETROIT”

The Kerosene Wonder—on 15 Days’ Trial—
Direct From Factory

Any engine you want, from 2 to 20 H.P., sent on 15 days’ free trial—
tested immediately before shipping and ready to run. If dis-
satisied—every dollar you have pnid us for the engine cheerfully
refunded. Prices lowest ever known for high-grade, guaranteed engines.

The New Book ix Rendy—WRITE! Tells all about these new
wonders that mark a new erain engines. Special introductory price on first
“‘Detroit’’ engine sold in each community. Quick action gets it. Address

Detroit Engine Works, 229 Bellevue Ave., Detroit, Mich

Growing Vines for Porch and

Arbor

None adds so much to the beauty of a
city or country home as a bower of vines
over the porch or summer house. There are
several kinds that are perennial, while some of
the most beautiful are annuals easily propagated
from seed.

Since rapid growth is very desirable, the soil must
be made as rich as possible. Leaf mold, or well-
rotted manure, should be worked into the soil to a
depth of a foot. If the vines are grown before
a window or porch, set where the drip from the
eaves will not fall on them. The bed of soil which
is prepared for the vines should be walled about
with stones or a box-like frame of foot-wide boards.
Have a trellis ready for the vines to climb upon as
soon as they begin to send out tendrils, and tie
strings around them to hold them in place. A net-
work of strings, or poultry netting, supported by
upright stakes, will make fair supports for the
annual climbers. If used to screen a window from
the rays of the noonday sun, it is best to make a
trellis of upright supports for the vines about two
feet in front of the window, and reaching almost as
high. From the top of this trellis to the top of the
window use strings or wire to form a roof over which
to train the vines. If wistaria and trumpet-flower
vine come in contact with wooden walls or roof
the tendrils will grow under the shingles and the
vines will shade the woodwork, keep it damp,
and cause it to rot. Such vines should be pruned
to curtail the growth and supported on a trellis at
a-distance of several feet from the house.

Among the hardy vines which come from tubers
are the cinnamon vine, with beautiful foliage and
little white flowers having a delicious odor of cinna-
mon, and the well-known madeira vine, one of the
most rapid growers. Dig the tubers in the fall,
protect from frost during the winter. and plant
out early in the spring. Wistaria and trumpet
vine are old-time favorites that require no atten-
tion except the first setting of the plant, after which
they make a vigorous growth of woody vine and
dense foliage as well as bright flowers.

Of the annual climbers we like best the Ipomeza
family, including the morning-glory, moonflower,
and cypress. These vines are easily grown from
seed sown in a hotbed or in a box, and the seed-
lings transplanted outdoors after danger of frost
is past. Have the soil a rich leafmold, and if you
would be sure of success with the Japanese morning-
glory or moonflower, the seed should be soaked over
night in warm water, or else filed so as to make a
small opening in the hard, horny covering. In
transplanting, take up a lump of earth with each
plant, set them late in the afternoon, and shade the
next day.

Of the other annual vines one would do well to
add to the list the canary bird flower, with its
beautiful yellow flowers, and the dolichos and wild
cucumber, the latter growing in wild profusion
along our larger streams from whence they may be
removed and transplanted successfully.

Missouri. H. F. GRINSTEAD.

About Yews: A Correction

TX LAST month’s GARDEN MaGazINE, pages 172
and 173, there occurs an unfortunate transpo-
sition of captions. The facts are that the picture
on page 172 shows the English yew at Brockenhurst
Park, Hants, England, while that on the opposite
page illustrates the Japanese yew, with Taxus
cuspidata, var. brevifolia, in the foreground.

USINESS MEN, professional

men, students, men and women
everywhere who want to put the
most into life and get the most out
of it have been helped and inspired
by these health-preaching common-
sense books by

Dr. Luther
H. Gulick

JUST OUT
THE HEALTHFUL ART OF DANCING
Net, $1.40 (postage | 4c.)

MIND AND WORK
Net, $1.20 (postage 1 0c.)

THE EFFICIENT LIFE
Net, $1.20 (postage 1 0c.)

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

Water Your Flowers Once in 2 Weeks

That's all that is necessary if you use the time-saving,
labor-saving, all metal, rust-proof and leak-proof
Illinois Self-Watering Flower Box

You will have better, hardier, longer-lived plants. Our box is for in-
door or outdoor use. It is inexpensive and sold 07 jo days’ FREE
trial. Descriptive booklet FREE.

ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING CO.

33 Dearborn Street Chicago, Ill.
117 Winston St., Ios Angeles, Cal.
Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., Dist. for N. Y., N. J. and Pa.

An illustrated book, which tells
what potash is and how it should
be used, sent free to all applicants.

FREE

German Kali Works, Continental Building, Baltimore, Md.

PENNS YLWVANIA
Quality LAWN: MOWERS

THE ONLY MAKE WITH CRUCIBLE TOOL-STEEL
. BLADES THROUGHOUT

BURPEE SEEDS GROW

If you want a copy of the
Catalog,’’ for 1910, address BURPEE, Philadelphia.

“Leading American Seed

Make the Farm Pay

Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture,
Wortieultnre, Floriculture, Landseape Gardening, For-
estry, Poultry Culture, and Veterinary Science under
Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof.
Craig of Cornell University and other eminent
teachers. Over one hundred Home Study
Courses under able professors in leading colleges.

. 250 page catalog free. Write to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Prof. Brooks Dept. G. P., Springtield, Mass.

. The Readers’ Servi i i
emmy 9 10 PE ehe eG HAGR DEB Ne NA GAZ Ni 276 Redes” Service sil give 243

@ The Book That Has Set
a Continent A-Laughing

PIGS IS
PIGS

By ELLIS PARKER
BUTLER

Illustrated. $0.50

BY THE SAME AUTHOR: ~”

“Water Goats and Other Troubles.” IIlus-
trated. $0.50

“Kjlo.” $1.00

_ “Mike Flannery: On Duty and Off.” Illus-
trated. $0.50

“The Great American Pie Company.” Illus-
trated. $0.50

“That Pup.” Illustrated. $0.50.
“The Thin Santa Claus.” Illustrated. $0.50

Over Quarter of a Million Caniee wi
of the Butler Books Have Been Sold ! At Home ith

Mo. oo THE KODAK

Garden City Mew York

Make Kodak your family historian. Start the history on Christmas day,
the day of home gathering, and let it keep for you an intimate pictorial his-

mm Aes Mushrooms att all gessons tory of the home and all who are in it. Make somebody happy with a Kodak
. — cr 2) . . . .
CE 2S eee this year—the pictures will serve to make many people happy in the years
ES ae 40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your i f 1l
% f Fi * dealer will bring you, postpeids direct from the that follow.
L hy manufacturer, a fresh sample brick o es cd s 5
PEE” 1) ambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN : Dales yeu are olen, familiar with Kodakery, you at fad ane making oe home
the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book portral Ss muc Simp er than you iImagine—so simp e, indeed, t lat t € novice oO ten gets
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raisings the credit of being an expert. To make it still simpler we are issuing a beautifully illus-
Beesegucian a ceck ine mushrooms: et Si a al al ri trated little book that talks about home portraiture in an understandable way that will
pgs 2 ue same ears ss ae Senewie, St. Pant, Mian prove helpful to any amateur. Whether you already have a Kodak or not we would like
Address: American Spawn °5 pt. 2, ° ’ 2 you to have a copy of this book.

Ask your dealer or write us for a free copy of ‘‘At Home with the Kodak.”’

e Se ae EASTMAN KODAK CO., ROCHESTER, N. Y., The Kodak City.
Christmas Dinners
FOR ae <
300,000
POOR
PEOPLE

,

Stain Your Shingles with
Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stains
Dip Them Before Laying

Dipping gives absolute protection—where rain gets
through between and under shingles, as well asto the
outer surfaces. Whether applied by brushing or dip-

Will be ping Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stains are
supplied by better than paint. They protect the shingles with pre-
servative, waterproofing oils, yet retain the natural tex-
The ture and beauty of the wood The pure English
ground colors cannot fade.

Write for stained miniature shingles, so you can decide
on the right color combination. Also descriptive booklet
with letters from architects and owners.

DEXTER BROS. €0 ,r10 Broad St.,Boston,1133Bway,N Y.
Makers of PETRIFAX CEMENT COATING

AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., Chicago; John D S.
Potts. 218 Race St., Philadelphia; F H. McDonald,
Grand Rapids; F. T. Crowe Co., Seattle, Spokane

Tacoma, Wash. ,and Portland, Ore.; M.D. Francis,
Atlanta, Ga.; Carolina Portland Cement Co., Birm-
ingham and Montgomery. Ala., Jacksonville, Fla.,
Charleston, S. C., New Orleans, La.; F. S. Coombs,

Halifax, N.S.; AND DEALERS.

Salvation Army

Throughout the
United States

_ Will you help by send-
ing a donation, no matter
how small to Commander

MISS BOOTH
118 W. 14th Street, New York City |

Where water gets
through to the
under shingles and
wetrots hem
Di ing the
shrielee two-thirds
their Jength pre=
vents this.

Craune F. BraGbon, Architect, Rochester, N. Y.

1; you wish information about dogs
apply to the Readers’ Service

244

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DrcEeMBER, 1910

THE
OSBORNES

BY E. F. BENSON

Author of “The Fascinating Mrs. Halton,” ‘‘Sheaves,”’ etc.

In this romance of a middle-class Eng-
lish family which buys its way into high
society, Mr. Benson has given us a rare
portrayal of human nature, searching, finely
drawn and warm with good nature. You
will love the Osbornes, mother and father,
for their whole-souled honesty and high courage im the great crisis of

their lives. Fixed price, $1.20. (Postage 12 cts.)

THE SECOND
CHANCE

BY MRS. NELLIE L. McCLUNG,

Author of “Sowing Seeds in Danny.”

‘e KAN Nk
wg XS
piel il ..
= HS yl os 44

Mrs. McClung has written a further account of Pearlie Watson, who figured so largely in “Sowing
Seeds in Danny.” And Pearlie is the same comical, motherly, unexpected, and altogether delightful
little Irish girl that made one’s heart grow warm and brought the smiles to one’s face every few moments.
Her experiences as she grows to young womanhood, and the way in which she makes the numerous
Watsons transform that run-down farm, “ The Second Chance,” are worth your while—and we know
if you read this book you will want to pass it on. Frontispiece. Fixed price, $1.20. (Postage 12 cts.)

Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, New York.
The Fireless Cook Book

By MARGARET J. MITCHELL

This book explains in a simple way how to make and use this in-.
vention, which has only recently become known, but has already proved
itself a real labor-saving, economical implement.

Including, as it does, 250 recipes, the volume must soon become a
necessity to all up-to-date housekeepers. Nineteen pen-and-ink drawings.

Net $1.25 (postage, 12c.)
Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, New York |

‘ |

A Rock Garden in the Street

ERE and there the rock-bound roadside
stands in the way of conventional suburban
improvement; sidewalks could be blasted out, but
only at a cost entirely unwarranted by the amount
of travel. That such a state of things may be
turned to good account has been demonstrated in
a section of the Dorchester district of Boston
that is practically an immense ledge. Even
building on these great cliffs of pudding stone
would seem impossible, but houses have gone up
there and grounds have been beautified, and the
beauty of the latter has been made to flow down
over the rocks to those thoroughfares where side-
walks are out of the question.

The streets where this is done are short, wind
about prettily and suggest drives on a private
estate rather than public highways. Each resi-
dent cares for the ledge in front of his estate,
ornamenting it to his own liking, and the united

There is not enough travel on this street to war-~
rant sidewalks, so the residents have converted the
roadside into a continuous rock garden

Annuals, planted in artificial pockets, are used
almost exclusively; but the plan is to turn to the
more suitable, hardy flowers for lasting effects

—-"

The Read S ill gladl h
DECEMBER , 191 0 4 H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E 2 si ebe a ai Fs 245

=] GROW A CAMPHOR TREE

for your rooms in winter and for Veranda in summer. Camphor trees purify
the air, especially in a sickroom, are preventive of malaria and fevers, and
KEEP AWAY MOSQUITOES.

A Camphor tree is moreover highly ornamental, can be grown in pots or
tubs the same as the Laurel or Bay tree, can be trained either to grow upright or
in Standard shape same as Bay trees.

The foliage is EVERGREEN, of the most peatitifil vivid shade of green and
so glossy, every leaf looking as if it had been freshly varnished daily. It is un-
surpassed for ornamental effect in room or on Verandas. In summer the pots or
tubs can also be plunged in the Garden beds.

NO INSECT WILL EVER ATTACK THE CAMPHOR TREE.
ayes Its growing from seed is MOST interesting and enjoyable. We have succeeded
of best materials Hey clean ess in securing RELIABLE FRESH seed, every one of which should germinate. The
factory, by well-paid help. > sprouts appeat within four to five weeks. We send FULL printed directions

Every pair warranted — | with every packet of seed how to treat the seed and tree. We offer: 12 seeds for

enalty, a new pair or your \ ae to cents. 40 seeds for 25 cents. 100 seeds for 50 cents. Club together with
P eet back y your friends. Or we furnish young beautiful trees like PICTURE at $1.00 each,
y j see DELIVERY included. 6 trees for $5.00. DO NOT fail to grow a Camphor tree;

BOSTON GARTERS | ag

it is a DELIGHT to the eye and its perfume is delicious.
RECOGNIZED THE Vee Not too late to set bulbs into glasses and bowls. We offer for

| ae EE a ae lel ae } November and December SURE to bloom for EASTER
OVER BY WELL }

DRESSED MEN. i THREE EXTRA fine Named Hyacinth bulbs in FOUR colors for 25 cents, delivery included
Sample Pair, Cotton, 25c.,Silk,50c, Hi EIGHT various EARLY flowering Narcissus including one Chinese Sacred Narcissus or Lily for
MEIC O 2 EGER AGH ELEGG: 4 \ 25 cents. GROW Lily of Valley PIPS in your room. They bloom in FOUR weeks from time of planting
GEORGE FROST Co.marers J
BOSTON, MASS., U.S.A.

“Ey See that Boston GARTER ¥
is stamped on the clasp.

Boston Garters are made

You can grow them in soil or in glass dish or jar,
in prepared moss. We send you for 25 cents

—THORBURN'S SEEDS 10 Valley pips and enough moss to plant them
Deere ee gcaees Ot ott $y] with DIRECTIONS how to succeed.

copy. Mailed free. a ‘ ‘
Address: H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren Street, NEW YORK

J. M. THORBURN & CO., 33 Barclay St., New York

P=, COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
’ Half the Cost — with the

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its kettle in
one minute. e simplest and best arrange-

oe pouacc king uioed tor steele mleoemake (Pe bes e Fall setting -time is here. Order now our hardy, thrifty, Pear,
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Caldrons, etc. | 2 pe: Peach, Apple Trees, Berry Bushes, Roses, California Privet — anything in
(=~ Send for particularsand ask for circular L. | § the nursery line. Millions of plants and trees ready. Handsome. catalogue

D. R. SPERRY & CO. Batavia, Ill. “contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart. It’s free. Send now for it.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box T MOORESTOWN. N. J.

No matter what cream separator
you purchase now

SOONER OR LATER

you will buy a

DE LAVAL

The more you come to know about cream
separators the better you will understand the
Overwhelming superiority of the Dz LAVA.

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.

165-167 BROADWAY, 42 E. MADISON ST.
NEW YORK. CHICAGO.

Highways of Progress

By JAMES J. HILL

It is as if Napoleon were writing of war when Mr. Hill takes up the problems of
modern transportation, manufacturing and railroad combinations, and their control.
President Cleveland once said that Mr. Hill knew more than the Government about
almost every national problem. You realize the truth
of this in reading these pages upon the destiny of the
country. WNet, $1.50 (postage 15c).

By Judge Ben B. Lindsey
The Beast and Harvey J. O’Higgins

The Child’s Case Against Society

The Primer of

Parliamentary Law
By JOSEPH T. ROBERT

is especially designed for clubs, fraternities,

As seen through children’s eyes, this story of Judge
Lindsey, founder of the Children’s Court of Denver, is
the most powerful book in years. It points the way to
better things. Frontispiece. Net, $1.50 (postage 4c.)

schools and colleges, being arranged in twenty-
four easy, progressive lessons illustrating parlia- |
mentary law and practice.

At bookstores, 75c.

Judge Lindsey

Doubleday, Page & Company

Garden City, New York

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CoO. |
GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

The Readers’ Service will give you
suggestions for the care of live-stock

246 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DrecEMBER, 1910

efforts of all the householders produce an effect —
most. striking and unusual. It is really a rock
garden in the street, made possible by a community ~
of interest. va

The plants are grown in artificial soil pockets,
reinforced wherever necessary by little dry walls
of stone. They are made between the rocks and ~
upon them, and are all sufficiently large to permit
of a goodly quantity of loam. In the bottom of
the pockets moss or clay is packed to keep the
earth from washing out when watered.

So far, annuals have been used almost altogether.
The residents are, however, working around to
suitable hardy plants; for in permanent colonies.
of these, grouped in naturalistic effect, the ulti-
mate success of the interesting experiment must.
depend.

Massachusetts.

An Abundant Supply of Pure Water.

The dry seasons do not worry the owner of a “Reeco” Electric Pump for the
supply of water is always at hand by simply pressing a button.

THE “REECO” ELECTRIC PUMP

When the tank is full the automatic attach.
ment shuts off the electric current and there is no waste of water or electricity.

is clean, noiseless and simple to operate.

The “Reeco” Electric pumps, like the “Reeco” Rider and “Reeco’”’ Ericsson
hot air pumping engines, draw water from deep or shallow wells, springs or city
mains.

We install them complete, ready to turn on the water in any part of the house, urs J. Dos,
laundry, stable, garage, or on the lawn for sprinkling.

An abundant supply of pure water is a luxury that adds much to the pleasures
of the suburban home; and the ‘“ Reeco” Electric pump does its work whether the
wind blows or not, whether the season is wet or dry. Tell us how much water you

want and we will tell you the cost of supplying it.

Write for catalogue Cr to nearest office.

Rider-Ericsson Engine Co.

40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia
234 West Craig Street, Montreal, P. Q.

35 Warren Street, New York.
239 Franklin Street, Boston.
40 Dearborn Street, Chicago.

“Nature’s

7 BONORA” Plant Food”

Give your house plants an application of

—S—> “BONORA” now, and it will keep them

— » in fine, healthy condition throughout the

winter, thus enabling them to withstand
the most severe ther,and in the sprin

eae SapISCO severe weather, and i pring

(OF MODERN TIMES. will briny about results beyond the ex-
RESPLANT F

| pectation of anyone. Your flowers will

bloom profusely by the use of this wonder-

ful material, and for greenhouse work

there is nothing to equal it. After you

once use it you will be as enthusiastic as

| the rest of our numerous customers who so

highly endorse it. Order from your dealer

or direct. Put up in dry form in all size
packages as follows:

I Jb., making 28 gallons, postpaid, $0.65

Bes, co 2.50

tolbs., ‘“‘ 4-75

BONORA CHEMICAL CO.
| 488-492 Broadway. cor. Broome Street
New York

EMICAL CO.
584 BroaowAy. New Yore

This beautiful Piedmont Red Cedar Chest

: protects furs and other clothing against moths,

mice, dustand dampness. Nocamphor required. Hand-zubbed
piano polish. Dull copper decorations. Very ornamental. Need-
ed in every household. Pays for itself by saving cold storage
expenses. Ideal Xmas, wedding or birthday gift.. We have many
other styles. Direct from our factory to your home saves dealer’s
profit. We prepay fieight. Also retum charges, if dissatisfied.
Write for illustrated catalog “‘G.”’ It showsall designs and gives

prices.
PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Dept. 29, Statesville, N. C.

2 aie ‘o
ne

TBS

Get This Hardy VE
With Its Glory of Early Flowers

You can grow this splendid Magnolia Purpurea wherever you live, with few limi-

22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S. W.

ATLAS cEMEN:

CEMENT

MAKES THE BEST CONCRETE
If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas, write to

THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT co., = nau
30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK

Largest productive capacity of any cement company in the world.
Over 50,000 barrels per day. 3

The Greatest A BLUE ROSE

Rose Novelty The new Rainbler (Violet Blue), very vigorous and
of the Century hardy, and free blooming.

Send for description and price.

ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

QUALITY e&se8

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON

342 West 14th St., New York

SEED

ILLETT’S

Hardy Ferns and Flowers
For Dark, Shady Places
Send for my descriptive catalogue

of over 50 pages, which tells about
this class of plants, It’s free.

Epwaro GILLETT, BOX § SOUTHWICK, MASS,

radnolia,

tations — the tree is vigorous and willendure muchcold. Itis a magnificent lawn tree, -
small and symmetrical, and literally covered in early spring with masses of great,
waxy, cup-shaped flowers, purple on the outside and white within and fragrant.

The flowers appear before the leaves; with us, the tree blooms in March —
later further North. Whatever its time, however, the solid mass of bloom pre-
sents a most striking appearance. Our Magnolia trees, planted now, will bloom
at least in a limited way next spring — and freely théfollowing year.

We will gladly furnish particulars and prices; if you're interested in ornamental and fruit trees;
plants, shrubs and vines, and expect to order, we'll include, free our handsome new catalogue,

P. J. BERCKMANS COMPANY, INC.,
Box 1070B Augusta, Georgia.

Fruit!and Nurseries,
Landscape Department, 414 Harrison Building.

Winter Duties in the Garden

ONTINUE planting out fruit trees during
this and next month, also begin spraying

trees now. In the far South plant white potatoes.

early in the month; and sow seed of lettuce,
beets, radishes, and turnips in the open ground.
Fertilize them with horse manure, which has a

tendency to heat the soil and thus produce more:

rapid growth. Frequent cultivation is also neces-
sary for vegetables at this time of the year when
heavy rains are apt to pack the soil.

Set out cabbage plants and sow seed of pepper,
egg plant and tomato in hotbeds.

Seed of pansies, petunias, carnations and candy-
tuft may be sown in coldframes.

Early in this month cover the canna and dahlia

beds with strawy stable manure to prevent the ~

roots from freezing during the winter. Also see
that the soil is well drained so that the roots will
not rot. h
Prune grape and other vines during the month.
Don’t delay this work until the buds begin to
swell. Remember that grape and Scuppernong

vines should not be pruned after the sap begins

to rise.

Continue to sow seed of sweet peas.
be grown to perfection here in the South, but they
must be planted early.

Sow seed of garden peas about the middle of
the month. Make the soil very loose and fine

to quite a depth for both garden and sweet peas, ~

so that their long roots can easily go down deep
into the soil.

Don’t depend on the Government free seed

which your congressman sends you. If you want
a real garden, throw away those free seeds, and
buy selected strains from a reliable seedsman.
Most of our poor gardens result from depending
on free seeds, with which the South is flooded at
this time of the year.

Continue to plant asparagus roots and straw-
berry plants. Sowing oats and rye may also be
continued.

Plowing should begin at once, especially on |

weedy and hard land, so that the vegetable matter
will have sufficient time to decay and so that
winter rains will soak it into the soil instead of
washing it away.

Other important work that can be most con-
veniently done during this and next month
includes building and repairing fences, making
terraces and drainage ditches. Drainage aerates

the soil, makes it sweet, and induces early growth.

Georgia. THomas J. STEED.

They can

i

DrcEmMBER, 1910

The horse does all the heavy work with the H. P. Spramotor. Youjusé
hold the pole an.l smoke the trees with spray. Has8 nozzles at 175 Ibs.
pressure, All automa ic, and will not clog. Number of nozzies can be
arranged to suit from smallest to largest trees. Same price fur x or 2
horses. or can be operated by hand.

You can arranve the H. P. Spramotor tospray vineyards, row cropS,
orchards or grain. Wri e for complete information, and Free Treatise
on Crop Diseases. dvents Wanted,

J. M. HEARD
1350 Erie St., - - Buffalo, N. Y. |

Learn Wireless & R. R. Telegraphy! |

Shortage of fully 10,000 Operators on account of 8-hour law §
and extensive ‘“ wireless ’’ developments. We operate under
direct supervision of Telegraph Officials and positively place
all students, when qualified. Write for catalogue.

NAT’L TELEGRAPH INST. ©

Cincinnati, Philade phia, Memphis, Davenport, Ia.,
Columbia, s. C., Portland, Ore.

C@ieaN

FINE MAHOGANY FURNITURE

FLORICULTURE

Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul-
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell
University.

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and
Management and the vrowing of Small Fruits and
Vegetables, as well as Flowers Under Glass.

Personat Mistruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue Free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. F., Springfield, Mass.

Pros. Cia

Get better crops with half the work. You need a

Planet Jr Farm or Garden Implement
New catalogue free. Write to-day
S.L. ALLEN & CO., Box 1108S, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Farmers’ Easy Record

A new, complete, simple and practical record of all transactions on the
farm, Desizned ty an expert, Thousands in uce. Easy to keep. Will last
8 years. Every progressive farmer should have it. Agents Wanted.
Send or free spe inen paves and Special Offer.

CENTURY SUPPLY CO0., 62 State St., Rochester, N. Y.

JOHNSON’S KLEEN FLOOR FREE

Send postal for sample to prove that it takes out floor stains without injuring
the finish and that vou can restore original beauty to any hardwood floor,
stairs, etc. Send postal now for Booklet Edition G. M. 12

S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Racine, Wis.

A Wonderful Farm Tool

CLARK’S “sasr DOUBLE ACTION CULTIVATOR AND

HARROW. The most wonder-
ful farm tool ever invented.
‘wo harrows in one. Throws
the dirt out, then in, leaving
the land level and true. A
laborsaver, a time saver.acrop
maker. Perfect centre draft.
Jointed pole. Beware of imitations and infringements.
Send today for FREE Booklet, ‘‘Intensive Cultivation.”’

CUTAWAY HARROW CoO.
MAIN STREET, IIGGANUM, CONN.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

This small part of the
Contents shows the
every day value
of this useful
guide.

Agriculture, Appropriations tor
Department of

Aid to the Injured, First

Almanac, Calculations for ro11.

Angora Goats, The Truth About

Animals, Ages of
Diseases and Their Remedies.
Farms, Number and Value of,

in the States

Antidotes for Poisons.

Apple Orchard, Materials Used
and Removedin ‘l’wenty Years.

Apples, Best, to Plant in Different
Locations.

Apricots, Best to Plant in Dif-
ferent Locations.

Arid Area in the Different States
and Territories.

Barn Use, Weights for

Bee Keepers’ Maxims

Blackberries, Best, to Plant in
Different Locations.

Bookkeeping -for Farmers and
Gardeners.

Builders, Information for

Building a Hotbed.

Bulb Culture—Indoor

Bulletins, Farmers’

Bushes, How Long They Will
Bear

Cattle, Best Beed of Dairy
To Asceitain Weight of
Cereals, Composition of, for
Comparison
Cheap Seed, Why Expensive
Cherries, Sweet, Best, to Plant
in Different Locations.
Sour, Best, to Plant in Differ-
ent Locations.
Chronological Cycles for rgrr.
Church Days for rgtr.
Concrete, What a Farmer Can Do
with
Cooking Time Table
Corn, How Deep, Should Be
Planted.
Planting for Big Crops.
Rule for Measuring.
Cost of Plowing.

Who’s Who in Poultry
Who’s Who In Dogs
are two Brand New Fea-
tures for the coming year

I} you wish information about dogs
apply to the Keaders’ Service

YOU NEED A COPY OF

The Garden and Farm
Almanac for 1911

If You Own
a Garden,
a Farm, or
a Country Place,
or Hope to

The Garden and Farm Almanac tells you how, when
and where to plant and grow to the very best advantage
all flowers, vegetables, crops, shrubs, trees, and lawns—
contains elaborate planting tables for every season of
the year — tells how to fight all insect enemies — shows
what needs to be done about the place each month for
its better maintenance— devotes many pages to all
garden and farm building operations—is full of new
and attractive ideas and suggestions which make the
Almanac something a great deal more than just a col-
lection of facts and data.

The Garden and Farm Almanac

is, in a word, a ready reference guide of every-day
value, covering the entire field comprehensively and
expertly. It will answer every question for you
on any subject whatsoever pertaining to the garden
and farm. @ The 1911 Almanac is bigger and
better than ever before, containing many new
features. The text is made up of over 200
pages fully illustrated. Every subject care-

fully indexed.
Price 25 Cents net a Copy

postpaid, The 19

247

Doubleday, |
Page & Co.
Garden City, N.

Please send me,

Y.

11

Garden and Farm

enclose 25 cents.

Doubleday, Page & Co.

GARDEN CITY

Long Island, New York

Almanac, for which I

Plant for Immediate Effect

NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS

Start with the largest stock that can be secured !

years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.
We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that

give an immediate effect.

Andorra Nurseries

WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop.

Price List now Ready.

It takes over twenty

Box G, Chestnut Hill, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

248

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given.
THE GaRDEN MaGaZINE, 133 East 16th Street, New York.

If you are planning to build, the Readers’
Service can often give helpjul suggestions

Information about the
selection or care of

Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

A LIVING FROM POULTRY

$1,500.00 from 60 Hens in Ten Months on a City

T? the average poultry-
man that would seem
impossible, and when we tell
you that we have actually
done a $1500 poultry bus-
iness with 60 hens on a
corner in the city garden 40
feet wide by 40 feet long,
we are simply stating facts.
It would not be possible to
get such returns by any one
of the systems of poultry
keeping recommended and
practiced by the American
people, still it can be ac-
complished by the

PHILO
SYSTEM

THE PHILO SYSTEM IS UNLIKE ALL OTHER WAYS OF KEEPING
POULTRY

and in many respects just the reverse, accomplishing things in poultry work
that have always been considered impossible, and getting unheard of results
that are hard to believe without seeing.

THE NEW SYSTEM COVERS ALL BRANCHES OF THE WORK
NECESSARY FOR SUCCESS

from selecting the breeders to marketing the product. Ittells how to get eggs
that will hatch, how to hatch nearly every egg and how to raise nearly all the
chicks hatched. It gives complete plansin detail how to make everything
necessary to run the business and at less than half the cost required to handle
the poultry business in any other manner.

TWO-POUND BROILERS IN EIGHT WEEKS ;
are raised in a space of less than a square foot to the broiler, and the broilers
are of the very best quality, bringing here 3 cents a pound above the highest
market price.

OUR SIX-MONTH-OLD PULLETS ARE LAYING AT THE RATE OF
24 EGGS EACH PER MONTH

in a space of two square feet for each bird. No green cut bone of any descrip-
tion is fed, and the food used is inexpensive as compared with food others
are using.

Our Hee book, THE PHILO SYSTEM OF POULTRY KEEPING, gives full
particulars regarding these wonderful discoveries, with simple, easy-to
understand directions that are right to the point, and 15 pages of illustra-
tions showing all branches of the work from start to finish.

DON’T LET THE CHICKS DIE IN THE SHELL
One of the secrets of successis to save all the chickens that are fully de-
veloped at hatching time, whether they can crack the shell or not. It isa
simple trick, and believed to be the secret of the ancient Egyptians and
Chinese which enabled them to sell the chicks at 10 cents a dozen.

CHICKEN FEED AT FIFTEEN CENTS A BUSHEL
Our book tells how to make the best green food with but little trouble and
have a good supply any day in the year, winter or summer. It is just as

Photograph Showing a Portion of the Philo National Poultry Institute Poultry Plant, Where There
Are Now Over 5,000 Pedigree White Orpingtons on Less Than a Half Acre of Land.

_Lot 40 Feet Square

Note the condition of these three months old pullets.
generations have never been allowed to run outside the eoops.

These pullets and their ancestors for seven

impossible to get a large egg yield without green food as it is to keep a cow
without hay or fodder.

OUR NEW BROODER SAVES 2 CENTS ON EACH CHICKEN

No lamp required. No danger of chilling, over-heating or burning up the
chickens as with brooders using lamps or any kind of fire. They also keep the
lice off the chickens automatically or kill any that may be on them when
placed in the biooder. Our book gives full plans and the right to make and
use them. One can easily be made in an hour at a cost of 25 to 50 cents.

TESTIMONIALS

My DEAR MR. PHILO:— Valley Falls, N. Y., Oct. x, 1910.
After another year’s work with your System of Poultry Keeping (making
three years in all) I am thoroughly convinced of its practicability. I raised
all my chicks in your Brooder-Coops containing your Fireless Brooders, and
kept them there until they were nearly matured, decreasing the number in
each coop, however, as they grew in size. Those who have visited my plant
have been unanimous in their praise of my birds raised by this System.
Sincerely yours, (Rev.) E. B. Templer.

Mr. E. R. PHILO, Elmira, N. Y. Elmira, N. Y., Oct. 30, 1909.
Dear Sir:—No doubt you will be interested to learn of our success in keep-
ing poultry by the Philo System, Our first year’s work is now nearly com-
pleted. It has given us an income of over $500.00 from six pedigree hens and
one cockerel. Had we understood the work as well as we now do after a
year’s experience, we could easily have made over $1000.00 from the six hens.
In addition to the profits from the sale of pedigree chicks we have cleared
over $960.00, running our Hatchery plant, consisting of 56 Cycle Hatchiers.
Weare pleased witii the results, and expect to do better the coming year.
With best wishes, we are, Very truly yours, (Mrs.) €. P. Goodrich

Mr. E. R. PHILO, Elmira, N. Y. South Britain, Conn., April 19, 1909.
Dear Sir:—I have followed your System as close as I could; the result isa
complete success. If there can be any improvement on nature, your brooder
is it. The first experience I liad with your System was list December. I
hatched 17 chicks under two hens, put them as soon as hatched in one of
your brooders out of doors, and at the age of three months I sold them at 35¢.
a pound. They then averaged 2¥ lbs. each, and the man I sold them tosaid
they were the finest he ever saw, and he wants all I can Spare this season.
Yours truly, A. E. Nelson.

SPECIAL OFFER

Send $1.00 for one
year’s subscription to
the Poultry Review, a
monthly magazine de-
voted to progressive

methods of poultry
keeping, and we willin-
clude, without charge,

a copy of the latest
revised edition of the
Philo System Book.

E. R. PHILO, Publisher
2627 Lake St., Elmira, N. Y.

Make Your Hens Lay

You can double your egg yield by feeding fresh-cut, raw bone. D Y
as much egg-making material as grain and takes the place of bugs and worms in fowls’ diet.
That’s why it gives more eggs — greater fertility, stronger chicks, larger fowls.

It contains over four times

Diseases of Cultivated Plants and Trees. By
George Massee, Assistant Keeper of the Royal

Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. The Macmillan
Company, New York. Price $1.75.

This book gives technical descriptions of the
most important fungi that cause plant diseases
in- Europe. Many of these are also destructive
in America. Other subjects treated are: Primary
and secondary causes of disease; wounds; drought,
frost and hail; injury by smoke, acid fumes, and
gas; bacteriology of the soil; fungicides; spray-
ing; lichens; bacteria; mites; eelworms; spraying
formulas.

Dutch Bulbs and Gardens.
‘and Sophie Lyall.
Company, 1909; pp. 176; 24 color plates.
$2.00 net.

By Una Silberrad
Imported by the Macmillan
Price,

An appreciative description of the great bulb
farms of Holland, with suggestions as to how and
when best to see them, and numerous notes about
culture. There are also many notes concerning
the history of the chief flowers mentioned. The
color illustrations, from paintings by Mima Nixon,
are finely expressive of Holland’s gorgeous flower
farms.

A History of Gardening in England. By the
Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil (the Hon. Alicia Amherst).
Third and enlarged edition with illustrations. New
York, E. P. Dutton & Co., 1910. Price, $3.50 net.

No one else has tried to review consecutively
the changes which have taken place and the fashions
which have prevailed, or to follow the process of
development which has gradually led up to the
modern garden, and this volume remains the only
work of reference on the subject.

The chapter on gardening in the nineteenth
century has been rewritten. This and the new
chapter on gardening in the twentieth century
are flashlights that reveal many tendencies which
most of us have only half understood or missed
altogether. The book is invaluable to every
conscientious student of horticulture. :

The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise, Its
Habitat’and Its Time of Growth, with 500 photo-
graphic illustrations of nearly all the common spe-
cies. By M. E. Hard, M.A., Superintendent of Pub-
lic Instruction, Kirkwood, Mo. Mushroom Pub-
lishing Co., Columbus, O., 1908; 624 pages. Price
$4.75 to $7.50, according to binding.

This is by far the most complete book on mush-
rooms, and completeness in this subject is very
desirable. For every beginner is almost sure to
find a large quantity of attractive mushrooms
of some species that he cannot identify with the
aid of the other popular works. Moreover,
ninety-nine people out of a hundred will not take
the trouble to use keys; they demand pictures.
This book illustrates the extraordinary number
of 500 species and the photographs are of the very
best — far more practical than colored plates, as
the amateur mushroom hunter soon finds out.
Mushroom clubs and veteran collectors will
probably value this book more than any other,
because it enables them to identify more species.
in less time and with less trouble than any other
work. ‘The average person after an afternoon’s

LATEST

MANN’S ‘oven BONE CUTTER

cuts easily and rapidly all large and small bones with adhering meat and gristle. _Automati-
cally adapts to your strength, Never clogs. Sent on 10 Days? Free Trial. No money down.
for our free books today. F. W. MANN CO., Box 325, MILFORD, MASS.

forage in wood or field brings in a basketful of
mushrooms containing twelve to twenty species,
and is unable to identify more than one or two
with the aid of ordinary works.

DEcEMBER, 1910

Foster Made $19,484.85

Last Year

Five years ago Joel M. Foster, a young city man,
decided to go into the poultry business. He was look-
ing for a suitable occupation, he was vigorous and
energetic, and believed that there was a fortune to be
made raising chickens. He had no experience. He
bought and stocked a little farm near a big city, but
for a time he had only failures. His poultry house
burned with all its contents, and he had to begin anew.
The next year rats destroyed half his flock, but he
surmounted these and other difficulties, always think-
ing, planning and experimenting. Today he is at the
head of the largest EGG PRODUCING plant in the
world, with 20,000 laying hens, and will market this
year between two and three million eggs.

Last year Mr. Foster made $19,484.83 from his
Million Egg Farm. Most of it was from commercial
eggs; $6000 was income from sales of ‘‘ Day-Old Chix,”
the rest from miscellaneous products of the great
Rancocos Farm.

Read the Whole Amazing Story
In “The Million Egg Farm.”

We have induced Mr. Foster to tell his experience for the benefit of
poultrymen everywhere. The beauty of his system is that the principles

Gathering the Eggs in the Early Afternoon

can be applied just as well to the farmer’s flock or the suburban lot as to
the still larger plant of the man who wants to go into egg raising as a pro-
fession. The book tells you how to'start and be successful with a few or many
hens. It explains the Rancocas Unit, into which his gigantic flock is divided.

Ts pe ena a |

| Farm Journal, 145 Clifton St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Here is my dollar.
Egg Farm.”

I want Farm Journal for four years and “The Million |

Million Egg Farm

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

From His

Feeding A Rancocas Unit

It gives estimates and advice for the beginner with a little flock. It tells how
Foster began with a $300 investment and 100 hens, and how you can begin,
It gives all the Rancocas formulas for mating, hatching and feeding — the
result of his experience. It gives the egg production day by day—proof
that his formulas are successful.

All Figures Are Certified

To satisfy ourselves that the figures were correct we employed the well-
known firm of Lybrand, Ross Brothers and Montgomery, certified public
accountants, to make an exhaustive two weeks’ examination of the books
and records of the Rancocas Farm. The result of their findings is given in
the book. Nothing has been held back. The failures as well as the suc-
cesses are set forth. We believe no other poultryman has ever thus laid
open his business secrets and experience to the world.

How To Get The Book

Fill out the coupon in the lower corner, and mail at once with $1.00—a
money-order, or a Dollar Bill. This pays for a four-year subscription to the
foremost farm and home monthly in the world, the FARM JOURNAL, to-
gether with a copy of “ The Million Egg Farm,” postpaid.

What Farm Journal Is

Farm Journal is made for everyone in town or country who raises poul-
try, eggs, fruit, vegetables, milk, butter, honey, as well as hcrses, sheep,
grain and cattle. It has the largest circulation of any farm paper in the
world, over 750,000 copies. It is devoted to housekeeping, dressmaking,
recipes, and bright, fresh reading for boys and girls. It is brief, crisp,
condensed and PRACTICAL. No long-winded essays. “Cream, not
Skim-milk,” is its motto. It is now running a series of articles called
“ Back to the Soil.” true stories of experiences of city people who have
changed to countrv life. They are helpful and intensely interesting. Farm
Journal never prints a medical or trashy advertisement, and its columns
are an absolute.y reliable guide in buying. Most of its subscribers pay five
to ten years ahead. It is a special favorite with women. Everyone who
has a garden, yard, flower bed or even a kitchen ought to have this bright,
cheery, useful home paper. Farm Journal takes pride in being “ Unlike
Any Other Paper.”

Farm Journal, a Paper for City Folk, Too

You do not have to be a dweller on farms to enjoy Farm Journal. If
you have a little patch of real ground which you want to put to some bet-
ter, more useful purpose than a grass plot, Farm Journal will give you help
you need, and if you feel the call to the country and would like to own] a
few hens and enjoy poultry raising, Farm Journal and the Million Egg book
are indispensable. Farm Journal four years and the Million Egg book for
$z.00 is the greatest subscription bargain of the year, but we don’t want
you to subscribe to Farm Journal solely to get the book, we want you to
join the three-quarters of a million army for the Farm Journal itself; you
will find it the wisest, most helpful, cheerful, and entertaining of counsel-
lors and friends. Send coupon to-day.

249

If you wish to systematize your business the

Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions Ay H E G A R D EK N M A G A Z I N 1D)

BROWN POULTRY FENCE

LAA RENCE: LARA GATES

Our Poultry Fences |
are made of extra

250

THE BEST
FARM
LOCATION

DrecEMBER, 1910

To the man looking for a home
where productive lands, favor-
able climate and abundant rain-
fall make the best paying farm
locations in America, the South-
east is now the unequaled section. Land trom $5.00 to

Alpine Flora of the Canadian Rocky Moun-
tains. By Stewardson Brown, curator of Herbarium,
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. TIllus-
trated with water-color drawings and ~hotographs
by Mrs. Charles Schaffer. G. P. Putnam’s Sons,
New York, 1907; many illustrations.

hee
asad

WO

|

Re aed eat ;
$40.00 an acre near to the heart of the country and close am heavy ceuk yeas Ze ‘ Price £3.00 net. S83. DABES
to the best markets. The largest returns from alfalfa and Teta No topor bottom boards aac aay: nie
other hay, wheat, corn and all truck crops. Lands unsur- I = requed. Chics tight aaa This is not a very new book but it is a remark-
passed for stock and poultry raising, and dairying. For (as aS Onc OouRS ER Eel P asec ably good one. It contains pictures enough to
fruit growing no region is more profitable. The South- 2ass Fences and Gates are Vege enable the casual tourist who has no knowledge
east has opportunities for every kind of farming. The Ss We ert ee eae aeons of botany to find out the names of most of the
Southern Railway will help you to find the desired = you money. Catalog free. E54 showy and interesting flowers of the Canadian
location. Send for “Southern Field” and. other publi- —% Fee ea Scan: SSH Rockies. Many of these species grow in Colo-
cations to c=% = rado and indeed throughout the western mountain

WE PAX: THE FREIGHT

M. V. RICHARDS | BO Bre i aie)
is

SHETLAND PONIES.

1322144 PENNSYLVANIA AVE., WASHINGTON, D. C.
An unceasing source of pleasure and robust

health to children. Safe
and ideal playmates.
hs, Inexpensive to keep.
Highest type. Complete
outfits. Satisfaction guar-
anteed- Illustrated catalog free.

BELLE MEADE FARM
Box 32, Markham, Va.

ranges of the United States. Moreover, a con-
siderable number of the species are in cultivation,
especially in rock gardens here and abroad. The
superb evergreen trees of the region are not neglect-
ed. The book is convenient for beginners on ac-
count of its pictures and index, and it is well
calculated to give the enthusiast a conception
of the family relationships of all these interesting
alpine flowers and other plants of one of the most
spectacular mountain regions of the world.

LARGE BERKSHIRES

at WIGMWOOD
In EACH of last three volumes
of American Perkshire Record
covering 3 years, we si\ld and
registered more Berkshires than
any other breeder in U. S. Tine
large proportion went to old
customers. THIS SPEAKS
FOR ITSELF.

Special offering, pairs and
trios 8 weeks old. a
Il. C. & il. B. Warpending

Dundee, N, Y.

Ornamental Shrubs of the United States
(Hardy, Cultivated). By Austin Craig Apgar,
author of “Trees of the Northern United States,”
“‘Birds of the United States,” etc. American Book
Company, New York, 1910; 352 pages; 621 figures.
Price $1.50.

A thoroughly good book which describes,
distinguishes and pictures 621 kinds of shrubs —
practically all the native and foreign species
worth cultivating. It is arranged by families,
but is convenient, because of the good index and
glossary. Every species is provided with an
English name. The keys are admirable — some
based upon flowers, others on fruit, etc. The
language is as simple and untechnical as possible.
Although it professes to be nothing more than a
“How to Know” -book, it tells enough of human
and horticultural value to arouse further interest.
In nomenclature it follows Bailey’s ‘Cyclopedia

in the next

More Eggs thirty days

Feed your hens green bone, cut with a
Stearns Bone Cutter. We will lend you one
to try, free, for the next 30 days. If your
hens don’t lay lots more eggs, don’t pay for
it. Write to-day for catalog and booklet,
“How to make poultry pay.”

E. C. STEARNS & CO., Box 2, Syracuse, N. Y.

There’s Money in P oultry

Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to
make poultry piy.

Personal instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass.

Prof. Graham

9 that new hen-house or fix up the old one but get our large roo pp. catalog A

D T BUILD and circulars (over 120 illustrations) showing POTTER PORTABLE
SANITARY POULTRY HOUSES, Roosting and Nesting Outfits, Per-
fection Feed Hoppers, Trip Nests, Feeds, and supplies of all kinds. Potter Fixtures have been on the
market nearly 10 years. They are made in 3 styles and 12 sizes, and are complete, convenient and sanitary.
Our Portable (K. D. made in sections) Hen-houses, Brood Coops, Pigeon Lofts, are made in 20 styles and

sizes, from a coop 2 ft. square to a complete house 8 x 80 feet, or longer, at lowest prices. House shown is : o ” 4
8x 10 feet, complete with 8 ft. Potter Outfit for 30 hens, for $40. A fine house at a low price. If you need of American Horticulture. Every one who is

a house or coop of any kind do not fail to find out about the Potter line before buying or building. i at AE | afraid of “ keys,” ought to have this book, for no
9 or sell your laying hens, use the POTTER SYSTEM and pick out the layers i } j i
DON T KILL from the loafers and diseased hens. Keep only healthy laying hens. The t ; keys could be easier and none could give the

beginner a more exhilarating sense of mastery over

POTTER SYSTEM is a secret and the greatest discovery of the century
in the poultry world on the subject of Egg Producing Hens. Used by over 30,000 satisfied poultry keepers a fascinating but complicated subject.

who are saving dollars every year. Our New too pp. Potter System book, ‘‘Don't Kill the Laying Hen,’

contains the secret and knowledge about laying and non-laying hens. It’s a revelation to poultry keepers §

and you will learn how you can use he Potter system on your flock; keep less hens, get more ezgs and make

more money using it. Write today sending 2 RED STAMPS to cover postage on our large catalog and - -

circulars telling all about Potter Poultry Products made for Particular Poultry People. If you are particular and want to make more money on your flock
you will write us today. T. F. POTTER & CO., Box 22, Downers Grove, Illinois, U. S. A.

The Motor Maid
By C.N. and A. M. Williamson

Authors of “ The Lightning Conductor,’ ““My Friend the
Chauffeur,” etc.

You cannot conjure up a more charming panorama, or a
gayer, more sunshiny romance. The chauffeur (in disguise )
proves himself to be a veritable deus ex machina—as, indeed,
a well-ordered chauffeur should be — and piquant, charming,
Lys d’Angeley, seated at his side, finds him a much-needed
protector in many unexpected adventures. Illustrated in color.
Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12 cents ).

OTHER WILLIAMSON NOVELS:

$40 HOUSE

New Manual of Botany of the Central Rocky
Mountains (Vascular Plants). By John M. Coulter,
Ph. D., Professor of Botany, The University ot
Chicago ; revised by Aven Nelson, Ph. D., Professor
of Botany, The University of Wyoming. American
Book Company, New York, 1910; 646 pages. Price
$2.50.

Every one who loves alpine flowers and rock
gardens will be interested in this book, since it
describes and distinguishes every kind of plant
known to be native to the Rockies. Many of
these plants are in cultivation and more ought
to. be — trees, shrubs, perennials and bulbs —
because of their undoubted beauty and hardiness.
Of course, it is not a horticultural work, yet the
notes on habitat shed some light on cultural
requirements. This country is too big to describe
its flora in a single volume. What “Gray’s
Manual” is to the East, this work is to the Rocky
Mountain region. It has been entirely rewritten
by Professor Nelson and is two-thirds the size
of ‘‘Gray’s Manual.” ;

Treesand Shrubs of the British Isles (Native
and Acclimatized). By C. S. Cooper, F.R.H.S.,
and W. Percival Westell, F.L.S. London, J. M.
Dent & Co.; New York, E. P. Dutton & Co.; 2
vols.; 16 colored plates and 70 other plates drawn
by C. F. Newall. Price $7.00 net.

** Lord Loveland Discovers America.’’ \\lustrated.
Fixed price, $1.20 ( postage |2 cents).

** The Car of Destiny.’’ \llustrated. $1.50.

** Rosemary in Search of a Father.’’ |\lustrated. $1.50.

“* My Friend the Chauffeur.’’ Illustrated. $1.50.

** Set in Silver.’’ $1.50.

“*The Chaperon.’’ lllustrated. $1.50.

“The Princess Virginia.”’ Illustrated. $1.50.

eae, Betty Across The Water.’’ Illustrated.
$1.50.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, New York

A work of interest and value to Americans
because it describes most of the hardy trees and
shrubs in cultivation. They are described in
the order of their families in as untechnical lan-
guage as possible; also chapters on injurious
and useful insects, galls, fungoid pests, fungicides
and insecticides. Among the formal features are
32 pages devoted to a glossary, a calendar of bloom,
and lists of trees and shrubs for particular soils
and situations. The text is almost entirely the
work of Mr. Cooper.

If you want to succeed with poultry as the CURTISS brothers
have succeeded, SUBSCRIBE NOW and get the new

Curtiss
Poultry Book

ai which tells how Roy Curtiss, a New York farmer’s boy, starting about twenty
years ago, with a few aealeciot hens, has built up ata NIAGARA FARM the
LARGEST PRACTICAL POULTRY PLANT IN THE WORLD, with sales of

OVER $100,000 A YEAR

Roy agreed that if his father (a grain . ae and farmer) would furnish the feed he
(Roy) would take all care of the flock and supply eggs and chickens for the farm table, and
all that was left over were to belong to him. In two years Roy was using so much feed
that his father had to cry quits, but the boy kept right on. He would start at two o’clock
A. M. for Niagara Falls, 13 miles away, with poultry and eggs to sell. His brother joined
him, and the business grew and grew. ‘They took the farm and paid off the mortgage.
They built and added to their plant, learning slowly how to avoid losses and make the
greatest profits.

But they had no guidance, and had to learn by their own mistakes. If they had had
such a guide as the CURTISS POULTRY BOOK, it would have saved them thousands
of dollars and years of lost time.

This capital book was: written right at Niagara Farm by the veteran poultryman
MICHAEL K. BOYER. Mr. Boyer had the Curtiss brothers right at his elbow with their
records and data. He says he never saw a general poultry plant so well managed at every
point. No “putting on style’ no fancy buildings, no ornaments, but straight, solid
business. Everything is planned for months ahead. Every day shipments go off, every
day money comes in. You could hardly believe how little they lose. Their percentage of
fertile eggs, of live, strong chickens hatched, of day-old chicks shipped, without loss, to
Kansas or Florida, is really wonderful.

And this book gives all their methods of managing incubators, handling eggs, feeding
chickens and ducks, killing, dressing, packing and marketing, their formulas for mixing
feed at different ages. And all these have been tested and improved by years of experience,
resulting in the most profitable general poultry plant in the world. Whether you raise
chickens, ducks, or eggs, whether you keep forty fowls or forty thousand, you will find
here help that you can get in no other way.

Profusely illustrated, with many fine engravings, from actual photographs taken from life.
Have you use for such a book? Then read the offer below.

The CURTISS POULTRY BOOK is sold in combination with the Farm Journal, Philadelphia, Pa.

The FARM JOURNAL is the standard paper for everyone who lives in or near the country, or ever has, or ever expects to. A
particularly fine poultry department, more valuable than most poultry papers. 33 years old, 750,000 subscribers and more. Goes
everywhere. Clean, clever, cheerful, amusing, intensely practical. Sut to fit everybody, young or old, village, suburbs, or rural routes.
Unlike any other paper and always has been.

AMERICAN POULTRY ADVOCATE, the great New York Re paper published at Syracuse, and full of good reading matter,
is always welcomed by the subscriber. Now in its 18th year. It is conceded to be one of the best poultry papers published in the United
States. Well edited by recognized authorities on the subject of practical poultry raising. Has a circulation of 45,000 copies per month.
Special Offer For $1.00 (cash, money order or check) we will send postpaid the Curtiss Poultry Book and the Farm Journal

for two years, and American Poultry Advocate two years, all for $1.00 if order is sent at once to

AMERICAN POULTRY ADVOCATE, 52 Hodgkins Block, SYRACUSE, N. Y. |

fictor-Victrola

Three New Styles

Victor-Victrola X, $75

Mahogany or Oak

Victor-Victrola XI, $100

Mahogany or cak

Victor-Victrola XIV, $150 The first and only instrument of its kind

Mahogany or oak with racks for records

No other musical instrument possesses the
clear, beautiful. mellow tone-quality of the Vic-
tor-Victrola.

When the Victor-Victrola was introduced
four years ago, it created a sensation in the
musical world and set a new standard for tone
quality.

And that tone quality is still supreme today.

Look for the
Victor dog | \ fli
onthe lidof \o=

“HIS MASTERS VOICE”

every V i ct or-Vi ctr . necks weer

To get best results, use only Victor Needles on Victor Records
New Victor Records are on sale at all dealers on the 28th of each month

COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK ee

JANUARY Mloney in New England Orchards 15c
1911 i

| Sten Pai Pineapples— Hardy Aroids— lLarkspurs B50 a Won

The Business Side of Farming

S@@COUNTRY LIFE g

7 DOWBLEDAY PAGE & COQ. g) THE WORLD'S ,
_ = IN AMERICA

GARDEN _CITY AND NEW YORK WORK

|DREFR'S GARDEN BOOK

1911 Edition
THE GARDENER’S GUIDE

Describes 1700 varieties of Flower Seeds, including many new ones developed
by us—2000 kinds of Plants and 600 varieties of Vegetables. Also Hardy
Shrubs, Climbing Plants, Small Fruits, Aquatics, Roses, etc., etc.

= : mu This year the book has 288 pages—32 more than last year—over 1000
eee illustrations, 8 beautiful color and duotone plates.

ie Se A\ es Over 500 Cultural Articles

Ww are an unique feature, written especially for this publication by recognized author-
ities on the various flowers, fruits and vegetables. These articles are of inestimable
value to beginners and to experienced gardeners. In clear, concise language, they give
instructions about time and method of planting, soil, drainage, water, insecticides,
etc. They tell for example:
How to grow the various flowers from seed. How to make and care for a border of
How to grow Asters, Pansies, Sweet Peas, Dahlias, old-fashioned hardy plants.
Roses and many other flowers. How and when to plant and prune shrubs.
How the amateur can grow various plantsat home. How to grow all kinds of vegetables.

An almost unlimited fund of information about flowers, and vegetables is placed at the
disposal of the reader. Description, picture, price and cultural article about almost anything
you want to grow arranged in the most convenient way.

A large list of Garden Tools, Fertilizers, Insecticides and so on.

We send “‘Dreer’s Garden Book’’ free on request to those mentioning this magazine.

HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia

Will {

Landreths’ Garden Seeds | CU

have been most favorably known for

127 Years, or since 1784

Beautifully illustrated catalogue, 144 large
pages, ready Jan. Ist, MAILED FREE.

Landreths’ Seed Catalogue ti ESCHSCHOLTZIA THORBURNI

(California Poppy)

Drop a postal card asking for

Hardy Annual—Sow Outdoors in Spring

which is the best published in the United The: candace een

States, most easily understood and most Zax "schscholtzias.
a The unopened buds

practical in descriptions and advice. : We? 2 2) on outer side of petals
a — (Ses ==" are of the deepest crim-

All applicants for Catalogues will be sent a Zn son, toning down in the

S inner side to’bright flame

with our compliments a packet of the new case color and molten gold.

Squash, eh TM We will mail a packet of

size.)

this valuable novelty and a
Landreths’ F lat Green. \ copy of _our beautiful catalogue,
the best seed annual published in America — for only 10c.

Stamps or coin. (Regular price of seed, 15c packet.)

D. Landreth Seed Company Write to-day.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.
Bloomsdale Farms, BRISTOL, PENNA. | ' 33 BARCLAY STREET, and 38 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK
i (Dept. G)

The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish
injormation about foreign travel

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1911

Bobbink & Atkins

WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND GARDENS EVERYWHERE WITH OUR

World’s Choicest Nursery Products. Spring Planting

The proper way to buy is to see the material growing. We shall gladly give our time and attention to all intending pur-
chasers visiting our nursery, and invite everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us. _ Our nursery consists of
250 acres of highly cultivated land, and is planted with a choice selection of Ornamental Nursery Products, placing us in a

position to complete plantings and fill orders of any magnitude.

ROSES. It is important to place orders at once, while we have several
hundred thousand in choice, newand popular kinds. We are frequently
sold out of many varieties, causing annoyance and disappointment.

RHODODENDRONS. Many thousands of acclimated plants in Hardy Eng-
lish and American varieties are growing in our nursery.

EVERGREENS, CONIFERS AND PINES. More than 75 acres of our

nursery are planted with handsome specimens of these popular lawn plants.

HARDY OLD-FASHIONED PLANTS. Hundreds of thousands of new,
rare, and popular varieties of these old-time favorites are growing in many
acres of our nursery.

ORNAMENTAL SHADE, WEEPING AND STANDARD TREES.
of these in all kinds can be seen in our nursery.
place and purpose.

FLOWERING SHRUBS AND HEDGE PLANTS. We make a specialty

of them and can do plantings or fill orders of any size.

200,000
We grow them for every

TRAINED, DWARF AND ORDINARY FRUIT TREES AND SMALL
FRUITS. We grow these for all kinds of orchards.

HARDY TRAILING AND CLIMBING VINES.
tities for all kinds of plantings.

BOXWOOD AND BAY TREES. Are one of the many attractions of our

nursery. We carry many thousands of specimens.
ENGLISH POT GROWN GRAPE VINES. For greenhouse cultivation.
BULBS AND ROOTS. Spring, Summer and Autumn flowering.

LAWN GRASS SEED. Our Rutherford Park Lawn Mixture has given
satisfaction everywhere.

We grow immense quan-

TUBS. We manufacture all shapes and sizes. Ask for special list.

OUR PRODUCTS give satisfaction, because they possess the standard of
quality created by the highest grade of cultivation.
OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE NO. 25 will tell you

about the above and all our other products for Lawns and Gardens.

Rutherford is the first stop on the Main Line of the Erie Railroad; 8 miles from New York City.

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters, Rutherford, N. J.

INGE_E. Roses

Everybody loves Roses, and they are universally cultivated. Unless you grow Dingee Roses you don’t know how beautiful
Roses can be: Dingee Roses grow and bloom everywhere. They are America’s most famous Roses and are to be
found growing not only on the well-known estates in the country, but adorn the most humble of homes. Our Rose plants
are also sold to the Government in large quantities for decoration of public grounds.

Dingee Roses are the healthiest, hardiest, best grown and freest blooming, with the most beautiful colors and tints.
sy Such sturdy roses cannot be had elsewhere, because it is necessary for them to be grown here on the finest Rose land in

| the country, and by the ‘‘Dingee methods”’ of cultivation, both essential to their high quality. Sixty years of experience
in growing Roses has taught us how to raise the strongest and most-vigorous Rose plants, the kind that will give
»), you a profusion of these beautiful flowers.

Dingee Roses are always sold on their own roots. We prepay al] express charges under a special plan
explained in our book, and deliver growing plants free to your door, no matter where you live with safe ar-
rival guaranteed. Our guarantee means something. It is worth your while to purchase from a concern you know
is right. We are proud of our reputation as the leading and oldest Rose growers in America—the result of our sixty
years of experience and our square and honest method of dealing.

While our specialty is Roses, we also grow all other flowers worth while—Carnations, Crysanthemums, Violets,
Perennials, Shrubs and Vines, etc. We sell also finest varieties of Flower and Vegetable Seeds.
Write today for acopy of the greatest of Rose Books ever published, the leading Rose Catalogue of America, entitled

“DINGEE ROSES”

New Guide to Rose Culture, FREE!

or, 1911

There is no other book about Roses that compares with it. Magnificently illustrated in colors, this beautiful book

of 106 pages gives special prices and tells all about these famous Dingee Roses—nearly a thousand kinds—and all other

desirable plants and seeds and how to grow them. It describes and illustrates the best varieties of Roses, when to plant

them, and how to produce the best results with them. This book will make your Rose garden a success—show you how to

have an abundance of Roses. Better send today and be sure of having hundreds of superb Roses throughout the growing

season. A vital point is to send in your orders early. We will carefully put aside your plants and ship them whenever you
request. In this way you obtain the cream of our stock. Write at once! A post-card will bring it to you.

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Box 37, West Grove, Pa.

Established 1850

CHARLES DINGEE. the most f
wonderful Hardy arden Rose Grown. fl
Zw

The Leading and Oldest Rose Growers of America 70 Greenhouses

For injormation regarding railroad and steam-
ship lines, write lo the Readers’ Service

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

256 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

WANTED:

5000 Squabs Daily

by only one New York commission firm. See
what they say in National Squab Magazine
(monthly), specimen copy from us Ten Cents.
Squab breeders as far west as Missouri are
shipping steadily to eastern markets. See
great demand for squabs by dealers in Chi-
cago, the South, St. Louis, Denver, Califor-
nia, Seattle and the Northwest. Read also
in our big 1911 FREE BOOK how to make
money breeding squabs, how to get six dol=
lars a dozen, how to start small and grow
big. Demand for squabs this winter greater
than supply. Write at once to

PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO.

151 Howard St., Melrose, Massachusetts.

“LIVING-MUSIC-BOX”
= =
Live arrival U.S. PATENT NO. 50853
at express Z «= This is a special breed of Canaries raised
oftice %,’a.~ for us in Germany. They are actually ed-
Ve, R ucated to sing, having gone through a reg-
guarans (272 ular school of tzaining, Sing entirely different
teed. Ee iy from other canaries, Their Hollow - Rolls,
J “ Thrills, Bell and Nightingale notes are wonder-
ZY ff is sweet and clear. Words cannot describe the
EZ. soitness and sweetness of their song. They sing
4 ( \ during the day as well as evenings.
ly 0 Xs =) Guaranteed Singers
Kl Vera Sold on 5 days’ trial $5
OTHER VARIETIES $2.50 UP.
Mr. Geo. Badie, Lebanon Jct., Ky., writes Oct. 12,10 _
“Vour Canary is well named the, ‘Livmg Music Bex” as hesings
continously and has the softest, sweetest notes of any canary
I ever heard.”
Thousands of similar letters on file.
Beware of Imitations. Inside wing must be stamped “‘Living
Music Box” or not genuine.
Illustrated Canary Booklet, Catalog and Proofs Free.
Max Geisler Bird Co., Dept. L-1 Omaha, Neb.
Largest Bird and Pet Animal house in world. Est. 1888.
Make Your Hens Lay
= Send for and read our book on feeding raw bone. _ Rich in protein
= and all other egg elements. Get twice the eggs, more fertile eggs,
vigorous chicks, earlier broilers, heavier fowls, bigger profits.
Make Your Hens Lay MANN’S LATEST MODEL
2 ; BONE CUTTER
by Keeping them Well 10 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL No money in advance

Makes bone cutting simple; easy,
rapid. Try itandsee. Open hop-
per, automatic fecd. Cuts all bone
with adhering meat and gristle.
Never clogs. Don’t buy until
youtry. Book free.

F. W. MANN CO.
Box 325 Milford. Mass.

Send us your poultry supply dealer’s name
and we will send you (FREE) a copy of J. ©.
Nuckols’ valuable book, *‘PouLTRY D1s-

EASES AND HOW TO PREVENT THEM,”’ also
asmall sample package of

ESSO CHICKEN CHARCOAL

If you prefer a larger package of the
charcoal, inclose seven cents in stamps to
pay cost of mailing.

i The S. Obermayer Co.
651 Evans Street Cincinnati, Ohio

COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost — with the

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its kettle in
one minute. The simplest and best arrange-
ment for cooking food for stock. so make
Dairy and Laundry Stoves, Water and Steam
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Caldrons, etc.
(&# Send for particulars and ask for circular L

D. R. SPERRY & CO. Batavia, Ill.

in the next

Nore Eggs thirty days

Feed your hens green bone, cut with a
Stearns Bone Cutter. We will lend you one
to try, free, for the next 30 days. | If your
hens don’t lay lots more eggs, don’t pay for
it. Write to-day for catalog and booklet,
“How to make poultry pay.”

E. C. STEARNS & CO., Box 2, Syracuse, N. Y.

Mincres Money in P oultry

Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to
make poultry pay.

Personal instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. C. P., Springfield, Muss.

e 9 eo

Greider’s Fine Catalog
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200 pages,
57 large colored pictures of fowls. Calenaar
foreach month. Illustrations, descriptions,
photos, incubators, brooders, information
and all details concerning the business,
where and how to buy fine poultry, eggs
for batching, supplies, etc., at the lowest
cost, im fact, the greatest poultry catalog
ever published. _ Send 15c. for this hand-
somebook. Write to-day.

i. li. GREIDER, box 84, Rheems, Pa.

LARGE BERKSIIIRES
at HIGMNWooD

In EACH of last three volumes

of American Berkshire Record

covering 3 years, we sold and

Prof. Graham

=e

————

registered nee Berkshires than SI = = i

any other breeder in U. S. The R o

large proportion went to old Jerse eds are Lively Growers

customers. THIS SPEAKS ‘ - E

FOR ITSELF. and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. _ Jersey Reds are the most
Special offering, pairs and Satisfactory, all-round breed. Those who have tried them say. so. Fatten

easily and quickly. are small-boned, long-hodied, vigorous and prolific; quality
of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box T, Moorestown, N. J.

trios 8 weeks old.

il. C. & Wl. B. Warpending
Dundee. N. Y¥

fection Feed Hoppers, Tr p Nests, Feeds, and supplies of all kinds. Potter Fixtures have been on the

market nearly 10 years. They are made in 3 styles and 12 sizes, and are complete, convenient and sanitary.

Our Portable (K. D. made in sections) Hen-houses, Rro:d Coops, Pigeon Lofts, are made in 20 styles and
|

oT that new hen-house or fix up the old one but get our large 100 pp. catalog
DON T BUILD and circulars (over 120 illustrations) showing POTTER PORTABLE A $ 4 O H O U Ss E

SANITARY POULTRY HOUSES, Roosting and Nesting Outfits, Per- ag

sizes, from a coop 2 ft. square to a complete house 8 x 80 feet, or longer, at lowest prices. House shown is
8x 10 feet, complete with 8 ft. Potter Outfit for 30 hens, for $40. A fine house at a low price. If you need
a house or coop of any kind do not fail to find out about the Potter line before buying or building.

§ or sell your laying hens, use the POTTER SYSTEM and pick out the layers

ILL from the loafers and ‘liseased hens. Keep only healthy laying hens. The

POTTER SYSTEM is a secret and the greatest discovery of the century

in the poultry world on the subject of li:gy Producing Hens. Used by over 30,000 satfsfied poultry keepers

who are saving dollars every year. Our New 100 pp. Potter System book, ‘‘Don't Kill the Laying Hen,"

contains the secret and knowledge about laying and non-laying hens. It’s a revelation to poultry keepers fj

§ and you will learn how you can use the Potter system on your flock; keep less hens. get more ezgs and make Ff

more money using it. Write today sending 2 RED STAMPS to cover postage on our large catalog and ~

circulars telling all about Potter Poultry Products made for Particular Poultry People. If you are particular and want to make more money on your flock

you will write us today. T. F. POTTER & CO., Box 22, Downers Grove, Lllinois, U. S. A.

=

Information about the selection or care of dogs,

poultry and live stock will be gladly given.
Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THe GarpDEen MacGazine, 133 East 16th Street, New York:
_—

~ ef

JANUARY, 19112

Baby Chicks of Quality |
Shipped direct to you by express

From the finest exhibition or utility matings of

Fishel Strain White Plymouth Rocks

Single Comb White Leghorns, Barred Plymouth
Rocks, Single Comb Rhode Island Reds.

Each breed the product of a specialty breeder

I absolutely guarantee the chicks to reach you
in good condition. You take no chances. Prices
moderate.

Send six cents in stamps for my chick
catalogue—the finest ever issued.

R. C. CALDWELL, Box 1025, Lyndon, Ross Co., O.

BROWN POULTRY FENCE

LRA FENCE: LAA GATES

Our Poultry Fences
are made of extra
heavy, double galvan-
ized Rust Proof wires.
} No toporbottom boards
(\ required. Chick tight
r\ — vermin proof.

Our Ornamental
Fences and Gates are
white enameled, attractive
and durable. Wecansave
you money. Catalog free.
The Brown Fence&Wirelo.
Dept. 90 eveland, 0.

a 2a
2 Za 2
as

t\

Pt

FAVS Ss,

mith
MILL

annnass

= TRO
intl

11dAAAVAAARANVG
ZATUARBRBONSIASS

NuNaReReRvOSge

Simple, self-rezulating, complete. Guaranteed
to hatch every hatchable egg. Sold on go days
¢rial with money back in case of failure. 150,000 in
use. If your dealer doesn’t | cep them write tous. We'll send you our cata-
logue and two books, *‘ Making Money the Buckeye Way ”’ and “ 51 Chicks
from 50 Eggs,"’ Free.

The Buckeye Incubator Co., 583 W. Euclid Avenue, Springfield, Ohio

Builders of Buckeye Portable Poultry Houses Sold Cheaper Than
You Can Build Them.

Amateur, Fancier, Professional Breeder or General
Farmer—the Book you need is

“THE POULTRY BOOK”

672 illustrations. One handsome large volume.
Net, $5.00 (postage 50c.)

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
GARDEN CITY NEW YORK

GARDENER WANTED

For private place in South. Large grounds,
trees, shrubs, garden and small green-
house. Send references, state experience
and salary expected in first letter.

Epwin B. PARKER, The Oaks, Houston, Tex.

Whether or not you start
with one

Sooner or Later
you will buy a

DE LAVAL

The more you come to know about cream
separators the better you will understand the
overwhelming superiority of the DE LAVAL.

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.

165-167 BROADWAY, 42 E. MADISON ST.
NEW YORK. CHICAGO.

FT Pe

JANUARY, 1911

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

-THE

THE WORLD’S WORK DECENNIAL

This month the GarDEN MaGAZINE’s
older brother The World’s Work is celebrating
its tenth birthday in a number to be called
“The Most Wonderful Ten Years.” The
magazine was started at the end of 1900, and
its life has covered, in the opinion of its editors,
the most interesting period this country has
ever seen.

We might, perhaps, properly include in THE
GARDEN MAGAZINE some notes about the great

: increase in the
interest shown
for the garden
andgetor tine
problem of
country living.
The man who
builds now-
adays thinks (at
least, the pre-
sent readers do)
first of his gar-
den possibilities
when he plans
his house, and
the sale of horti-
cultural pro-
ducts, trees,
plants and
shrubs has more
than doubled in
ten years, for
all of which we,
who are pushing
f the plan of

‘| country living,

Lie ‘| aredeeply grate-
a cal | ful. The affairs
— = See of Doubleday,
A Window in the Library Page & Com-

at Garden City ©
pany have
grown with the rest of the world, ard three
forced moves, each time into much larger
quarters, have closely succeeded each other.

The business of Doubleday, Page & Company
started in the third floor of 34 Union Square,
New York, in 1900.

In 1905 we moved to our building at 133-
137 East 16th Street, and outgrew it.

TALK: OF- THE - OFFICE:

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to ’t with delight.” —A tony and Cleopatra

In rg10 we completed our press and general
offices at Garden City, Long Island, where
we actually manufactured for the first time all
of our own magazines and books. A few
pictures of our new quarters are given.

THE MID-MONTH NUMBER OF COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

For December r5th the special mid-month
issue is ‘‘The Winter Joys Number,” by John
Burroughs, consulting editor. You can buy
it at all the news-stands for twenty cents or
you can buy a year’s subscription of twenty-
four issues for $4, and this is a good time to
subscribe.

OUR NEW YORK BOOKSTORE IS IN THE
NEW PENNSYLVANIA STATION AT SEV-
ENTH AVE. AND THIRTY-FOURTH ST.

THE NEW GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC FOR
IQII

Ever since this annual was started in 1906,
it has grown vigorously until now the edition
for 1911 is a book of over two hundred pages,
more interesting, more valuable and more
attractive in text and illustrations than ever
before — but the price remains twenty-five
cents. Here are some of the new contents.
Home Fruit Garden.

Draft Horses.

Poultry, Who’s Who.
Dogs, Who’s Who.
Propagation of Plants at

Apple Planting.
Bee-keeping

Butter Producing Cows.
Animal Diseases.

How to Preserve Eggs.

Annual Guideto Flowers. | Home.
Gardening. Strawberry Planting.
Greenhouses. Planting Tables.

FIRST AID TO THE CHRISTMAS SHOPPER

If all goes as we expect this number of
THe GARDEN MAGAZINE will fall into your
hands about December 17th. If the reader
is human there will be some, or many, Christ-
mas presents still unselected. To all those
afflicted ones we offer our sovereign remedy
— subscription to our magazines:

The W orld’s W ork, $3 a year ;$5 for two years.

Country Life in America, 24 issues $4 a year.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, $1.50 a year.

Short Stories, $1.50 a year.

a

: Toy 3 oni
1 coe” OAR ae 4o
SSSA reer BS >

THE CHARLES K. REED NATURE BOOKS

A pupil in an Upper New Jersey normal
school wrote about “The Tree Book,” by Julia
Rogers, in a composition, the following:

“This book had, besides descriptions, plates.
If you didn’t know anything whatever about
a tree, you could find out everything.”

This is so emphatically true about the series
of nature books made by Mr. Charles K. Reed,
all of which we now publish, that we mention
with particular emphasis the whole list of
these especially worthy books, each one fully
illustrated in color, so small in bulk that they
slip into the pocket:

Cotror Kry to NortH AMERICAN Birps, by
Frank M. Chapman. $2.50 net.

Birp GurwE, Part I., New Edition. Water
and Game Birds: Birds of Prey, by Chester
A. Reed. Flexible cloth, $1.00 net; flexible
leather, $1.25 net.

Brrp Guipe, Part II., Revised Edition. Land
Birds East of the Rockies: From Parrots to
Bluebirds, by Chester A. Reed. Flexible
cloth, 75c. net; flexible leather, $1.00 net.

Parts I. and II. Bound in a single volume.
Flexible leather, $2.25 net.

FLowerR GutpE, Wild Flowers East of the
Rockies, by Chester A. Reed. Flexible
cloth, 75c. net; flexible leather, $1.00 net.

Witp FLoweErs, by Chester A. Reed,$2.50 net.

NortH AMERICAN Brrps’ Eccs, by Chester
A. Reed, $2.50 net.

In the Court at Garden City

z Going abroad? Routes, time-tables, and all sorts of
258 aA innahiGe arrayed through the Readers’ Service at H E G A R D E N M A G A Ms J N E

GREGORY’S PEAS

EXCELSIOR

<‘It beats everything in the way of a peal have ever raised. I have raised
Nott?s Excelsior, Thomas Laxton, Gradus, Alaska, Clipper and Telephone,
but Gregory’s Excelsior is a corker, and I shall use it exclusively.”?

JANUARY, 1911

meee

Cece es tie aah a nah me
== as

Without exception the finest low-growi

varieties on poor soil and in dry weather.
oats. Doubles the crop of many varieties.
ceipt of stamp to pay postage.

own farm.

Seed grown on our own farms.

vers. New England grown seed.

own grown seed.

J.J. H. GREGORY

Now is the time to get ready for early |
Spring Vegetables |

Eggplants,' tomatoes, parsley, pe

weeks. Get some Sunlight Double Glass Sash now and be ready.

With Sunlight Double Glass Sash you can
grow fresh vegetables at home with a fraction
of the work required by single glass sash—You
never have to handle heavy boards or mats
because you never have to cover Sunlight
Double Glass Sash.

dhe
Jl L
for Hot-beds
and Cold-frames

The double layer of glass supplies the

~ ~, protection formerly obtained with
Si mats and boards.

c_ ~~, Between the two layers of glass

Cry Pon ~~ is a %-inch layer of dry,

tp Foy still air. This trans-
Ma 927 Loy fhe. arent Ben:
Aedes. aay : toe ay SS IP

(ey weet 2
j ding IS5 Uy, ~ k jie IS
A= 6, Oe oI, S75 Pag. ~
Beatin. i ay Visvin.? CopOon, ~

SiN Spe Ce “ky Vp, 8, ~

introduced. Hardy—it can be planted early. Large pods, stout profitable satisfaction in quality and
vines, heavy cropper. Likes rich soil, but does better than other cropsin using Gregory’s Honest Seeds.

New Swedish Oats—Pronounced superior to all other rue and fresh. We make conclusive

Gregory’s Imp. Original Crosby Corn—The ©™¢uP to our high standards. They are
leader in sweet corn. Early, prolific, sweet. All seed grown on our

Vickery’s Forcing Cucumber—Very uniform in shape
and size and averages more No. 1 cucumbers than any other variety.

Gregory’s Imp. Yellow Globe Onion—
Resists blight and has all the good qualities of the Dan-

Symmes’ Blue Hubbard Squash—Out
last season for the first time; it won unstinted praise
from growers. Keeps well. ‘Thrifty grower. Our®

So says E. W. Harrington, Watertown, Mass.

ng, second early pea yet Gardeners and Farmers will find

Sold under ourthree warrants to be pure,

Generous sample on re- __ tests of our seeds and will not ship any
that shows weak vitality or that does not

better by far than seeds you can purchase at
local stores.

SPECIAL RATES TO MARKET GARDENERS

We give special cash discounts, thus affording you opportunity
of effecting a considerable saving in the cost of seed. See first

nile binning damaeel so ets J

Our 1911 Catalogue is one of the most complete as
b well as most helpful books issued. Contains the
~ latest novelties of merit as well as old varieties in
vegetables and flowers. Every grower ought to
have a copy, and one will be sent for the asking.

Elim St., Marblehead, Mass.

& SON, 96

ppers, radishes, cabbages, cauliflower, must be started in four or five

better than mats or boards. Besides

furnishing protection it permits the

plants to get all the light all the time

— which means earlier and better crops.
Glass is held in place without putty.

Can’t work loose, easily replaced.

** Read what this man did Agents Wanted. Find out

Mr. R.A. Mason, Westerly, R.I.,writes: how you can obtain the agency
I wanted the Sunlight Sash for cold- f°" Sunlight Sash.

frames in which to harden my plants off.
I had to cover the single sashes with
mats, but even at 10 degrees below zero
I did not coverthe Sunlights. My beets
would have frozen under single glass. I
am pulling them now (May 4th).”’

Some of the things you can grow

Fresh lettuce and radishes any time you want
them. Violets all winter; pansies in bloom in
February or March. Cabbage, cauliflower,
beets, tomato, pepper and sweet potato plants to
set out earlier than under the single glass sash
because they get the light all day long —are
Never covered—and therefore grow faster —
become sturdier.

Get these two books

1. Our free catalog with

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guaranteed delivery proposition.

2. A most interesting and
instructive booklet by Prof. W.
F. Massey, an authority on
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and coldframes and when and
what to grow in them. Price of
Prof. Massey’s booklet, 4 cents
in postage stamps. Write today.
If booklet is wanted, make a cross
(X) in square on coupon and
enclose 4 cents in stamps.

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co., Inc.

927 East Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

. kor information regarding railroad and steam- =
January, 1911 Ad H E G A R D E N MA G AZIN E ship lines. write to the Keaders’ Service 259

JANUARY, 1911 Maen, meh, 86 ikke

Cover DEsIGN——A Field of Celery Ee ee eg Tutin A. Dine
j PAGE PAGE
SNOW AND THE GARDEN = - = - - = 261 How to MAKE A CovERED Box = = = : = 278
A THOUSAND DOLLARS AN ACRE FROM CELERY Wilhelm Miller 262 ANOTHER TRIAL WITH THE BUTTERFLY WEED R. D. Sherman 279
, Photographs by Julian A. Dimock More Arout JAPANESE Vow - : A WEIE Sareent 255
Tue “ Fun” oF CoLLEectinG AROIDS - Thomas McAdam 265 Cae ass ae
Photographs by A. G. Eldredge SSIP 7 = 3 z = ; = _ IA. 279
Larkspurs THAT REALLY FLOURISH - <: - - W.C. Egan 267 A NEw IDEA IN PortineG = = - Elizabeth T. Perkins 279
Photographs by the author and N. R. Graves DOMESTICATING BULBOUS IRISES | - oi iSunp Duffy 279
THE BUSINESS SIDE OF FARMING - - B. H. Crocheron 268 Photograph by the author
Hicu PrrssurE ORCHARDING IN NEW EncLanp 4Aollister Sage 270 How To PLANT ORCHARD TREES - = W. H. Jenkins 280
Photographs by the author Photographs by the author
THE PROBLEM OF GROWING PINEAPPLES FOR MARKET More Agout Farr PLANTING - Theodore Foulk 282
; John Gifford 273 Wuat To Do witH A GIRDLED TREE - Frank C. Pellett 284
Photographs supplied by the author . Ee Ricerca
eoRVUT GiALT Tpulesiiay Isuhs 2 é ce i eit ESTABLISHING A SMALL ORCHARD - - Sydney B. Mitchell 288
CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE - Ellen Eddy Shaw 275
OHORRESES [Ny le Base, DIR. Whaneg andl @ Berge JANUARY REM:NDERS FOR THE SOUTH” - Thomas J. Steed 290
Photograph by the auth
Lapor-SAvine KiTtcHEN UTENSILS - - Mary H. Northend 277 SIERO Ro pea
Photographs by the author GARDEN PUBLICATIONS - = - = 2 Z 292
Tue Kircuen LIvABLE - - : ee ag) Ba BS. 298 ANSWERS TO QUERIES - Ny if : a ; i 304
aa WILHELM MILLER, Epitor—Copyricut, ror0, sy DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY For Boreign Postage
Single Copies 1s cts. Entered as second class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1870 For en age:
F. N. Doustepay, President Water H. Pace, Hereert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanier, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer

Boddington’s Garden Guide for 1911—Complete, Practical
Up-to-Date. There is a Copy Here for You. Send for it, TO-DAY

Pee EINE UY successful garden, such as you admire and hope for this year, comes always as the result of careful
planning, selecting and planting. “Quality”? seeds, of course, are the first essential. The second, and just as
important, consideration is the proper planting of these seeds and the right care of them till they mature.

This broad subject is covered, from beginning to end, in ‘‘ Boddington’s Garden Guide” for 1911,
which contains 144 pages with handsome art cover, and is profusely illustrated from photographs of actual
specimens. It lists practically everything required for the American Garden.

“ Boddington’s Garden Guide” also contains complete and accurate descriptions, supplemented in
many instances with full cultural directions by well-known authorities. These special features make
“ Boddington’s Garden Guide’’ of permanent value as a text book as well as a catalogue.

at tome © WORE) Our 1911 Special Offer—A Quarter-Pound of Giant
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herewith, Maud Holmes, is only one of our Sweet Pea novelties for 1911 and is fully described on page 4 of our
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Our Sweet Peas have won many notable prizes during the past year; among others may be mentioned the Morse
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“Boddington’s Flower Seeds Have Helped To ARTHUR T. B OD D INGTON, Seedsman

Make The Gardens of America Famous” Bepartment G, 342 West 14th Street, NEW YORK CITY

De The Readers’ Service gives
260 injormalion about investments

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
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florists—Nurserymen—Landscape-Gardeners

The Garden Magazine

VoL. XII—No. 6

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

JANUARY, 1911

REMINDER

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is

generally taken as astandard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

Snow and the Garden

Show in the garden is useful and wel-

come as a mantle on the ground.
It is the best kind of mulch and helps the
bulbs and everything else that is living
over the winter.

If you have specimen evergreens or very
fine shrubs that hold the snow on the
branches or in the foliage, it is an entirely
different proposition. Sometimes the
weight of the snow will cause a tree or a
limb to bend over and if it remains any
length of time its original upright position
is never regained. Therefore, after heavy
falls of snow, take a stick or a broom and
knock the snow off from all the specimen
evergreens.

Do not bother about removing the snow
from beds and do not worry if you have to
throw the snow over the beds when clearing
the walks. It is much better to have the
snow there than the bare ground. Bare
ground lets off moisture in the sunshine
and in the wind.

If not done before winter arrived and
you have plenty of stable litter on hand,
it will be a good plan to mulch around
all plants, trees and shrubs that were set
out in the fall.
snow, but be careful if there is danger of
injury from field mice or rabbits.

If you have coldframes with vegetables.
give air whenever possible — that is, when
the sun is shining directly on the frames.
There is very little else to be done. But
the spring opening will soon be here and
now is the time to attend to all repair
work, seeing that the tools and equipment
are ready. Look over the stock of seeds,
get the catalogues, and make out your
new orders for the season’s supplies. Re-
member that old seed of carrot, leek, let-
tuce, and parsnip had better be thrown

Put the mulch on the

away. Most other vegetable seed can be
used if one year old.

House and Window Plants

(Pee day light is at its lowest ebb at
this time of year, and remember,
therefore, that growing plants must only
just be kept alive. Do not try to force
them into active growth until the sun
begins to get more powerful after the turn
of the year.

Plants that have been put into new pots
late in the fall need very careful handling;
otherwise they will be killed. On the
other hand plants that are naturally
coming into flower at this time will take
plenty of water, such as cannas. Also, put
them in the warmest place, if the best
development of flower is wanted.

From time to time wash off the leaves
of all house plants, using perhaps just
the merest trifle of soap in the first
washing water. Some people use a drop
or two of ammonia in the washing
water, and while it will clean the leaves
efficiently, it will do no harm —if any-
thing, good. Use tepid water and a clean,
soft sponge.

Old fuchsias put in the cellar last fall
can now be brought into light and repotted
after new growth has started. Be careful
not to let the leaves of piants touch the
glass during frosty weather.

You may sow seed of some of the very
earliest hardy annuals, such as alyssum.

Make cuttings now of plants that are
to be used for bedding in the summer —
i. €., geraniums and heliotropes, etc. Also

§ ONE DOLLAR FIFTY CENTS A YEAR
' FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy

make first sowings of annuals in green-
house frames or in window gardens.

Sow pansies if you did not get the seed
in the frames last August. Pansies are
really cool weather plants and the earlier
you can get them started now the longer
the season of bloom.

Sow verbenas and lobelias, too.

If you have convenience for forcing for
indoor flower, bring in all kinds of bulbs
and astilbe, as necessary.

Bulbs that were potted and bedded in
the cellar can be brought into light now,
and by bringing them in at different times
a succession of bloom can be had until
outdoor flowers begin.

If you have the convenience of a green-
house, you can make cuttings of roses,
sow fern spores and root carnations.
Easter lilies will grow best at a temperature
of 60 degrees and lily-of-the-valley will
take go.

On the Grounds

UTDOORS, when the snow is not
troublesome, a great deal of prog-
ress can be made with pruning that was
not done in early fall. Grapes, currants
gooseberries should receive attention, and
all heavy pruning in the orchard can be
done now. Remember not to prune during
hard frosts.

During this month attend to any con-
struction work, mending of paths, levelling,
draining, etc. Do tile draining wherever
necessary. Was your lawn unduly wet
last year? Is it covered with moss?
Tile draining will improve it.

How Much Can a Half-Acre Yield?

AS any reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE proved to his satisfaction what is
the best possible arrangement and cropping of a home garden’ We want to know
how the best all-round garden is managed and its actual yield in dollars and cents.

In order to get at the facts, the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE offer

A Prize of $500.00 for the Answer.

Our object is to demonstrate the greatest productiveness of a half-acre.

sum will be given for the best account of a well managed half-acre garden in the

year IQIlI.

. Notice of intention to compete to be given not later than May 2oth, 1911.

The competition is open to all.

The only conditions are:—

A complete record of work to be submitted at the end of the season, with names of varieties grow,
yields, etc, and an exact record, in detail, of all labor and expense, with bills and vouchers.

. All entries must be accompanied by a plan of the garden and its succession plantings.

. All contestants must submit their manuscripts not later than October 31st, 1911.

5. The prize-winning manuscript, with photographs, etc., to become the property of THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE. The right is reserved to purchase any other MSS. at our regular rates, or

not to wward the prize at all, if the MSS. submitted are not sufficiently worthy.

261

|
The above |
|

The three things that make possible a profit of $1000 an acre: (1) flowing wells (2) cheap transportation by water (8) tile drainage.
acres were worth $100. Three years ago the owner refused $50,000.

A Thousand Dollars an Acre From Celery —By Wilhelm Miller, %%

Ten years ago these twenty

He makes $20,000 a year from this tract

+

THIS NET PROFIT IS REGULARLY MADE AT SANFORD, FLORIDA, BECAUSE OF THE
FLOWING WELLS, TIIE DRAINAGE AND CHEAP TRANSPORTATION BY WATER

I HAVE investigated a good many
get-rich-quick farming propositions
in different states, but the only one
in which I would be willing to risk my
last dollar is celery farming at Sanford,
Florida. A man who has saved $5,000
may go there, buy five acres, build a
house, live comfortably and in three
years have an income of $5,000 a year
for life.

If you don’t believe it, read the guaran-
teed stories of eight men who have made
$1000 an acre. The Peoples’. Bank, of
Sanford has read these statements and
vouches for the unquestioned standing
in that community of these men. Write
the men themselves if you wish to.

The most wonderful feature of it all
is that most of these men came to San-
ford with little or nothing, and some of
them with no previous experience in
agriculture. For example: H. H. Chap-
ple, a telegraph operator, came here in
1899 with nothing, yet he lately bought
35 acres for $35,000 and to acres for
$15,000. Mr. Hicks came with $500
and at the end of one
season had $2,800. Ras-
seter and Hawkins came
with $1100, and _ re-
cently Rasseter bought
out his partner for
$12,500.

Where is Sanford? It
is east of the central
part of Florida, 25 miles
from the Atlantic and
125 miles south of Jack-
sonville. It is a town of
about 2500 inhabitants.
It has railroads in four
directions and lies at the
head of navigation in the
St. John’s River (Lake
Monroe) so that the cel-

ery can be shipped by water to Jack-
sonville and New York.

This cheap freight rate is one of the
three main reasons for these marvelous
profits. The other two are flowing wells
and tile drainage which make it almost
impossible for the crop to fail. For if
there is a drought a valve is turned
and water pours into the tiles. And if
there is too much rain the tiles will carry
off the surplus.

MAIN FEATURES OF THE BUSINESS

Four crops a year are grown. First,
lettuce, which is sometimes ruined by a
freeze and sometimes nets $800 an acre,
but usually brings $450, or enough to
pay the expense of the second crop which
is celery. This is sold in late February
and March, after the California crop is
gone. It is the surest and most profitable
crop, averaging $1000 an acre. Third,
after the danger of frost, comes a tender
crop, of tomatoes, eggplants or cauli-
flower, which enjoy no immunity from
competition, but often net $200 to $400

Negroes do practically all the manual work. They get $1.25 a day
262

an acre. Fourth, the land is sowed to
cowpeas in order to restore fertility or it
is allowed to grow up to grass.

The rainy season is from the middle of
June to the middle of August. During
the dry season there is not enough rain
to depend upon for crops. The growing
season is from August to June. Lettuce
is planted about the middle of October
and sold during the Christmas holidays.
Celery is planted about the middle of
December and marketed in March. The
third crop is cleared away by June and
then the farm is laid away to rest for
three or four months, during which a.
man may enjoy himself in Europe, if
he wants to.

THE IRRIGATION SYSTEM

iThe cheapest form of business insurance
that I know is Sanford’s combination of
subirrigation and drainage. The tiling
costs $100 an acre, and a well which fur-
nishes water enough for five acres costs
$60 to $75.

You get a surveyor to determine the
highest point of your five
acres and you drive the
well there. A two-inch
pipe is sunk to a depth of
150 feet. The artesian
belt comprises about
10,000 acres, only 600
of which are in celery.
These 600 acres are hon-
eycombed with wells,
but there is no sign of
diminishing flow. Each
well has a valve so that
the owner may turn
on (or “shut ofl) ithe
water.

The tiling system is
easy to understand. The
main tile (generally 4

JANUARY, 1911

or 6 inches in diameter) is laid along
the highest side of the field at a
depth of 14 to 20 inches. This main
tile is water-tight and has_ pockets
about 20 feet apart. From these pock-
ets ordinary three-inch tile are laid
across the field and into pockets on
the opposite side.

When you open the pockets in the main
the water will flow into any or all the
cross tiles. When the water gets to the
other side of the field you can close the
pockets on that side and the water will
enter the soil through the spaces between
the tile. If necessary, the land can be
flooded so as to destroy nematodes,
which are serious enemies in unirrigated
soil in the South.

Yet there is no danger of getting sour
soil or bringing harmful salts to the sur-
face because the tiling acts also as a
drainage system. There is an open
ditch along the lower side of the field,
or better, a large waste pipe with a cut-
off valve or pocket, so that the land can
be dried sufficiently for cultivation simply
by opening a valve. The rainfall is
about 54 inches, and most of this comes
within too days. In humid regions,
it is necessary to guard against flooding,
even on land as sandy as that of

Florida.
COST OF A FIVE-ACRE FARM

You cannot buy drained, sweetened
and cultivated land for less than $1,000 an
acre, but in three years you can develop a
farm from wild land within four miles
of the steamer wharf costing $150 an
acre. Cleaning, grubbing, plowing and
harrowing costs $125 to $150 an acre.
Bleaching boards of pecky cypress cost
$14 a 1000 and 25,000 to 30,000 feet are
necessary to bleach an acre.

last about ten years, and therefore 10
per cent. or more of their cost should be
charged against every celery crop for
Therefore a man _ needs

depreciation.

Think of making $1.000 an acre from one crop with
three months’ work

The boards

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

263

Wild land within the artesian belt and within four miles of market now costs $150 to $300 an acre and
the cost of clearing is about $150

capital enough for building a house, for
three years’ living expenses and for

Five acres wild land in artesian belt
Cleaning, grubbing, plowing, harrowing
Fencing about 120 rods at 60c. . .. . 72
Irrigation and drainage system complete

(Well $120. Tiling $100 an acre) 620

$2,192
COST OF PRODUCING CROPS

It is difficult to separate the expenses
of the lettuce and celery crops but the
estimates are about as follows, per acre:

Lettuce Celery
Fertilizer $ 80 to $100 Fertilizer $100 to $120
Labor 80 to 100 Labor Too to 150
Harvesting 100 Harvesting 250

Depreciation
of boards 40 to 50
Total $260 to $300 Totals $490 to $570

Harvesting costs about 25 cents in-
cluding the crates, of which 400 are re-
quired for the lettuce crop and 1,000 for
celery.

YIELDS AND PRICES

Here is the record of Orange County
(including Sanford) for a single year:

Lettuce Celery
Number of acres 139 200
Number of crates “ 97,180 200,185
Value $132,587 $402,300
Crates per acre 609 1,000
Value per crate 1.36 I.44
Value per acre 935.86 1,924.88

Just think of a whole county averaging
$2,860 an acre from two crops which
are planted and harvested in six months.
It probably cost $670 an acre to produce
these crops, but even if you take my
figures (which are the highest I have
seen), viz. $870 for producing the two
crops, there is a net profit of over $2,000
an acre.

If you wish to verify these yields and
prices see the Tenth Biennial Report of the
Commissioners of Agriculture of Florida,
page 107, for the year ending April rst,
1908. Or see the Florida Quarterly
Bulletin for April, 1908, page 129.

Of course, you cannot expect the whole
county to make 422 per cent. every year.
Undoubtedly that season was a favorable
one for lettuce. Some years the lettuce
is frozen, but even if the lettuce crop is
a failure the celery crop alone pays 100
per cent. to 300 per cent. on the whole
investment.

The man who owns a five-acre celery
farm at Sanford is about the most in-
dependent creature on earth. His yearly
balance sheet is somewhat like this:

Hard to re=-

Celery looks mighty good in winter.
sist in March

264 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JaNuary,

IQIt

A thousand crates to the acre is the average yield and $1.44 a crate the
average price

Bleaching boards of pecky cypress cost $14 a thousand and last ten years.
An acre needs 25,000 or 30,000 feet

Expenses first year. The second year the land is to make $5,000 a year, or 100 per cent.

Lettuce crop - +» $1,300 still too sour for celery, but he should on his entire investment.
Celery PW kate be able to pay the year’s expenses with 2. The man who has $1,000 sacl a
$3,550 potatoes and cauliflower. Thethird year knowledge of farming would best rent
Receipls he should be able to pay for his house two acres of land worth $1,000 an acre for
Recast ALOIS Chee and land and put several thousand dol- $200. His expenses will be about $1,000
sooo “ celery at $1.50 7,500 lars in the bank. After that he ought but the pay for his lettuce comes in before

Total $10,000
Cost of production 5 B85

Net profits $5,450

Even if his lettuce is a total loss he
can make $4000, a year, and have six
months to loaf and invite his soul.

He fears no railroad monopoly, for
he can ship by water.

He fears no commission man, for he
sells his whole product to local brokers
f. o. b. Sanford.

He fears neither droughts, floods nor
frost. Frost rarely injures celery there
and generally improves it.

He fears no insects or diseases. All
the pests that destroy celery elsewhere are
present in Sanford, butthey have never
become epidemic. Pests
spread when plants are
weakened in any way.

“A cheap house, but my own,’’ says the celery
grower, ‘‘and in five years a much better one”

he has to pay the heaviest part of the -

expenses for the celery crop. His gross
receipts should be $3,000 and net profits
for the year about $2000, but out of
this must come his living expenses.
Anyone having less than $5,000 must
expect privations.

3. The man who has plenty of money
and experience can buy land at $1,000
an acre which will yield $1,000 an acre
the first year.

HOW TO INVESTIGATE SANFORD

The best way is to goand see for your-
self.

The next best plan is to form a club
and send a representative.

If you can do neither just now, read
‘Where Celery is King” in
Country Life in America for
January, 1911. Mr. J. A.

These plants never suffer
for water.

He is not afraid of the
business being overdone.
Few localities can produce
celery in March and sell it
in every city east of the
Mississippi. Even if the
net profits are cut down
from $1,000 to $200 an
acre he can make a good
living by buying more land.

THE BEST FINANCIAL
SCHEMES

1. The man who has sav-
ed $5,000 has the propos-
ition that looks best to me.
He can buy and develop his
five acres, as I have shown,
for about $2,200. He can
build a house for $3,000
(most of the Sanford grow-
ers have built much cheap-
er ones, and of course, he
need not pay all of this the

GUARANTEED CASES OF $1000 AN ACRE PROFIT

“Tn the past three years I have made $30, 680 from five acres of celery land.”
C. F. WILLIAMS.
“T cut from one acre, on Celery Avenue, in 1908, celery amounting to 1,300
crates, which I sold in Sanford, for $2,600.”
B. R. Brisson.
“T yveceived $10,700 for the celery and other vegetables grown on six acres of
my land on Celery Avenue, in 1908.”
Mrs. B. E. TACKACH.
“Last year I let out eight acres on shar es for a celery crop. I furnished the
land, my tenant the labor, and each shared equally the expenses of seed, fertilizer,
etc. When the crop was marketed and all ex penses paid, we divided $8,400 between
”
J. E. Pace.

Us.

“T cut 820 baskets of lettuce from one and one-eighth acres of land, which I

sold for $1,860 net. I make about $1,200 on an acre of celery. I average 115
barrels of white potatoes to the acre.”
JaMES CAMPBELL.
“T began growing celery here nine years ago with $500. I would not sell my
place now for $30,000, nor a single improved acre of it for less than $1,000. I
never did better than $1,700 on an acre of celery.”
A. McDonatp.
“Tast year I shipped 2,350 crates of celery and 300 of lettuce from two acres.
I received $4,112.23 for the crop.”
RIcHARD MUSE.
“T have been farming eight vears. I began with four acres. I have now 26
acres in cultivation and am taking in more land each year. I would not sell out
for $50,000. On seven acres of land I made $5,000 clear profit a year, over my

living expenses.”
JosEpH CAMERON.

Dimock spent a week at
Sanford getting the pic-
tures you see here and talk-
ing with growers.

| In order to verify figures
here given write to Mr. B.
E. McLin, Commissioner of
Agriculture, Tallahassee.Fla.

Local real estate dealers
issue booklets which they will
be glad to send you. For
addresses of leading dealers
write to the Peoples’ Bank
of (Sanford or Vthe Wiist
National Bank of San-
ford. Or ask our Read-
ers’ Service Department
for particulars. Enclose a
stamped self-addressed en-
velope.

If there is sufficient de-
mand from our readers we
will have one of the leading
growers tell his methods in
detail. (See also page

274.)

~ onl alanine indi

3
7
+

}
||
ei}

F.

The “Fun” of Collecting Aroids—By Thomas McAdam, *,

THE FIRST OF A SERIES OF ARTICLES FOR THOSE WHO LIKE COMPLETE COLLECTIONS — NOT
THE USUAL DRY-AS-DUST BOTANY —FRIENDLY ‘‘TIPS’”’? THAT MAY SAVE YOUR DOLLARS

je ENTHUSIASTIC reader of THE
= =Garpen Macazine in Massachu-
setts, who signs himself ‘‘Collector”’, has
begged us to give “a list of the hardy
members of the arum family, with special
reference to those suitable for peat. gar-
dens.” Such a request would have been
hard to comply with a few years ago be-
cause there was no available list of the
cultivated genera in any given family.
But now we have a convenient list in the
preface to the fourth edition of Bailey’s
Cyclopedia. So Mr. Collector will please
brace himself for a lengthy reply.

There seem to be four main types of beau-
ty among'the “‘aroids,” by which I mean any
members of the enormous family Aracee.

First, we have the showy foliage-plants,
such as the elephant’s ear, the fancy
caladiums and anthuriums.

Second, there are those weird dark
flowers which attract an uncanny set
of winged creature by emitting an odor
of carrion. Entomologists and _ other
scientists find them instructive but the
ordinary person needs a nose guard.
The most famous of this class are Amor-
phophallus Titanum, a titanic flower six
feet long with an odor that smites and
withers at twenty yards; and the better
known A. Rivieri, with flowers half the
size but equally objectionable.

Third, come the aroids with genuinely
beautiful flowers, of which the florist’s
calla (Richardia Aithiopica) is justly the
most popular.

Jack-in-the-pulpit cut open to show a staminate
flower

I am sorry, Mr. Collector, but all the
good plants above-named are _ tender.
Of the thirty-six genera of cultivated aroids
only seven contain hardy species. Never-
theless, the hardy aroids are of considerable
interest to anyone who is fortunate enough
to possess a peat garden or water garden
or a bit of swamp land which he does not
know how to treat. So let us see how you
can best spend your money.

THE ARUMS

Ten to one you want to buy arums, be-
cause the catalogues devote much more
space to these than to all the other hardy
aroids and doubtless sell ten times as
many. I have before me a Dutch cata-
logue that offers 19 kinds. In my judg-
ment, however, they are all “undesirable
citizens.”

In the first place I would cut out all
that have a predatory odor. As the
catalogues are supernaturally silent on
this point and you might judge from the
prices that these arums had a precious
bouquet, I must name the worst offenders.

Beware then of Arum Dracunculus or
“dragon arum,” the correct name of
which is Dracunculus vulgaris, for it gives
a faithful imitation of a defunct rodent.
It is native to the Mediterranean region
but is supposed to be hardy. I know
it only from living with it in a greenhouse
for a few minutes and “once is enough
for me.”

Also, Mr. Collector, I would advise
you to get out your favorite bulb cata-
logue and run your blackest pencil through
these names: Arum crinitum, or the
“dragon’s mouth.” The correct name of
this monster is Helicodiceros muscivorus,
so named from its fly-devouring propensi-
ties but it also tempts collectors under the
name of Dracunculus crinitus. I know
whereof I write when I say nothing about
its odor. Iamas silent as the catalogues
about it, but possibly for a different reason.

In the second place, Mr. Collector, I
rule out all other arums because they
would not be hardy in New England.
As far north as New York they might be
hardy if planted in a sunny border of
light soil and covered in winter with ashes
or other protective material. The most
famous of this bunch are:

(1) The ‘Monarch of the East” (Sauro-
matum guttatum or Arum cornutum).
The tubers of this are sold by legitimate
dealers but they are also dearly beloved
by fakers and sellers of curios because
they will bloom without air or water in
a warm room.

(2) A little finer cat of the same breed
known as Arum aristatum, which the
boomers say has a “‘brilliant red spathe”
and is “pleasantly scented.”

265

(3) A famous old plant of the Medi-
terranean region known as Arum Dios-
coridis which is remarkable for the lens-
shaped purple spots on the spathe. If
you have a fancy for growing such things
in pots you can buy different varieties
of this under such names as A. Syriacum,
Cyprium and spectabile.

(4) A pious humbug known as “Solo-
mon’s lily,” the “black calla,” the “‘sacred
black arum from Lebanon,” and Arum
sanctum. Its correct name is Arum Pales-
tinum. It does really come from the

A pistillate specimen of Jack-in-the-pulpit
Holy Land and it does really have velvety
black flowers which the catalogues say
are ‘pleasantly scented.” Thousands of
nice old ladies buy black callas and get
pleasure out of them. Personally, I love
the old ladies, but my taste for black callas
has not been sufficiently trained.

In short, Mr. Collector, my advice
about the genus Arum is: Forget it.

THE MOST BEAUTIFUL HARDY AROID

What, then, is my standard of beauty
among the hardy aroids? Why the Jack-
in-the-pulpit, to be sure! Because it is
American? Oh, no.

The showy part of an aroid flower is
the spathe — the part which in this case
suggests a pulpit. Therefore the showiest
aroids are the ones that have the largest
and _brightest-colored spathes. But
the expression or spirit of the flower is
determined chiefly by the attitude these
spathes strike. The spathe of the florist’s
calla stands up straight, or nearly so, and
is undoubtedly the most decorative. The
spathe of an anthurium is generally bent
back and the effect is grotesque. The
spathe of Jack-in-the-pulpit is rolled for-

266

Pellandra aquatica is an attractive plant for summer
effects on the margins of ponds

ward and the effect is happy, boyish, even
humorous. People admire callas; they
exclaim at anthuriums; they love Jacks.

I admit that Jack’s colors are not
showy — only brown and purple — but
isn’t that part of his charm? His colors
blend so cunningly with the shadows of
the woods that you have to seek him like a
boy playing ‘“‘hide and seek.” Moreover
_ his leaves are picturesque without being
dragonesque, and his bunch of scarlet
fruits is one of the prettiest sights in the
woods during midsummer.

If we had to pay $12.50 per too for
tubers of Jack-in-the-pulpit as the Euro-
peans do we should appreciate this flower
more. In a famous wild garden near
Philadelphia, thousands of tubers have
been planted and Jack-in-the-pulpit now
flourishes there in such abundance as is
never seen in the wild. Gather and see
it in mass and you will swear that it has

| sills

Mal og

s

Jack-in-the-pulpit is the only aroid with a hooded
spathe and the largest of the hardy ones

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

wonderful possibilities for beauty. Every-
one who owns a bit of wet woods should
try to grow it by the thousand. The
methods of propagation are the simplest.
Offer farmers’ children a cent for every
large tuber they can get in July or August.
Gather the seeds in midsummer and
sow them broadcast in your peat gar-
den.

RELATIVES OF JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT

The superior beauty of Jack-in-the-
pulpit emerges more clearly when you
come to compare Jack with his hardy
rivals. The others all have smaller spathes,
or weird leaves, or a still weirder smell.
And the only plant in the whole vast
family of the Aracee that has a hooded
spathe, so far as I know, is this particular
species, Arisema triphyllum.

Few people know that there is more
than one Arisema. Yet we have a
native one, A. Dracontium, which Britton
calls “dragon root.” Itis decidedly dragon
like on three counts: (1) It has seven to
eleven leaflets, whereas Jack has only three.
(2) The spathe is not hooded, but stands
straight up and comes to a sharp point.
(3) The spadix, or “Jack” part of the
flower, is abnormally long, sometimes pro-
jecting six inches like a monster’s tongue.

I have never seen the two species of
Ariseema advertised by the Dutch nur-
serymen, viz. A. ringens (or precox) and
A. Amurense, but as ringens means ‘‘gap-
ing,” the flower must be inferior. The
Chinese species costs twenty-five cents a
bulb, plus duty, plus parcels post. I am
going to try it this year, but that is only
because I like collecting and don’t mind
buying nine worthless novelties at a high
price if the tenth is good.

A FINE CHANCE FOR IMPROVEMENT

I once lived near a wood where there
were thousands of Jacks, and one day my
whole family turned out to study them.
If there is any flower near you that grows
by the thousand you will find it a fasci-
nating pastime to go about hunting for
the largest individual blossom, the biggest
clump, the best colors, etc. In a single
hour we brought home eleven different
specimens of Jack-in-the-pulpit which were
almost as different as most horticultural
varieties. Take, for instance, the color
variations: one flower was wholly green;
another was wholly purple; a third had the
nearest approach to bright red; a fourth
had a purple stem of great beauty; a fifth
had a red stem; a sixth had the lightest
ground color in its flower — almost
white.

Next consider the markings. One was
very richly coated with velvety purple
on the back of the spathe. Another had
the prettiest variation, because of its cross
veins of green.

As to size and form, the most remarkable
were (1) the tallest plant, which grew
twenty-one inches high; (2) a long-spathed
specimen, with the spathe three inches
above the top of the spadix; and (3) the

JANUARY,

IQII

The skunk cabbage in flower, April Ist is one of the
most attractive sights of our spring landscapes

broadest spathe we could find, which was
214 inches wide.

But the greatest treasure we found was
one with a straight spathe like a florist’s
calla. A straight spathe displays the
colors while the hood conceals some of
the richest coloring.

I believe that a popular garden plant
could be bred from Arisema, if any
one had the patience to combine all or
most of the good traits I have mentioned.
If two American nurserymen can get fif-
teen cents a tuber for Jacks, why could not
some amateur Burbank work up a stock
of some new variety worth $50 to
$100?

HARDY FLOWERS LIKE THE CALLA

I must reluctantly turn from Jack
because the popular standard of floral
beauty among the aroids is the florist’s
calla. Of course, you know, Mr. Collector,
the florist’s calla is a Richardia and the
true calla of the botanists is Calla palustris,
an exquisite little American bog flower
sometimes known as the water arum or
American calla. It is only six inches
high, blooms in May, and its pretty, white
spathe is about an inch wide and sometimes
21 inches long. Another charming feature
of this diminutive beauty is its red berries
which form a relatively large head and
ripen in July or August.

Is there no larger calla-like flower that

Three weeks later the skunk cabbage develops a
mass of bright green ornamental foliage—Sym plocar-
pus foetidus

JANUARY, 1911

is hardy? Yes, the white water-arum
(Peltandra sagittefolia) has a broad whitish
spathe three or four inches long and it also
has bright red berries. It grows wild from
Southern Virginia to Florida, but I do not
know where I can buy it or whether it is
hardy. Will anyone who can supply it
please answer?

I am sorry to say that the Northern
representative of the plant just named is
not nearly so attractive. I mean Pel-
tandra Virginica, called the “green water-
arum”’ because its spathe is green. The
berries also are green. The spathe. is
four to eight inches long but is convolute,
not flattened out and calla-like.

AROIDS WITH FRAGRANT FOLIAGE

Let us now turn to the aroids that do
not depend upon their spathes for beauty
but have other attractions. The place
of honor I should give to the sweet flags,
American and Japanese, not only because
the candied root stock is good to eat, but
because the foliage when crushed in the
hand gives forth a pleasant, aromatic scent.

The common sweet flag (A corus Calamus)
is native both to Europe and to America.
It has sword-like leaves about two feet
high. The variegated variety (striped
with yellow or white) is seen in almost

THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

every water garden, but it is a little too
showy for my taste. I prefer the wild
green form which anyone can collect.
The Japanese sweet flag grows only eight
to twelve inches high and in this case
also the variegated form is more popular
than the green. You see it in hanging
baskets, vases, rockeries and greenhouses.
Florists sometimes use it for cutting.
For the peat garden I prefer the green form
because it makes pleasant grassy tufts.

RARE HARDY AROIDS

If the general reader is not asleep he
may now doze off with a clear conscience,
as the rest is solely for you, Mr. Collector.
I will go through the list to the bitter end
because you ask me to and because I know
you are a “‘soft mark” and easily separated
from your money.

Biarum. These sound pretty ratty to
me — a spirally twisted spathe ten inches
long and a tail-like spadix. B. tenuifolium
is from Spain; B. Pyrami and Bove from
Asia Minor.

Pinellia. The Japs could import three
species for you, if you care to wait a year
and then probably find out they are no
good.

Spatheyma. Our old friend skunk cab-
bage. A mighty good plant if you don’t

267

bruise the leaves. First flower of the year
and has the widest range of color among
the aroids — red, purple, brown, yellow,
green. It is too coarse for a small peat
garden, but there is a big one at Haver-
ford, Pa., where skunk cabbage is pro-
tected and encouraged in wet woods for
the tropical effect of its foliage. You
walk through these woods on dry paths,
see this noble expanse of foliage and wonder
what this grand plant can be.

Lysichitum. A Japanese skunk cabbage.

Orontium. This is a little darling —
the “golden club,” so called because the
beauty of it resides in its yellow spadix.
The effect is that of small yellow flowers
on white stalks. The spathe usually
falls away while the flower is young.
The leaves are beautiful, too, velvety
green above and silvery below. It can
be planted in swifter water than ordinary
aquatics because of its strong root hold.
Some say it has the fault of being difficult
to eradicate when established. You can
find it growing wild in swamps and on the
edges of ponds or buy it from the leading
American dealers in aquatics.

Au revoir, Mr. Collector, I wish you
joy of your aroids. We hope you will
send us photographs of your peat garden,
when you get some good ones,

Larkspurs That Really Flourish—By wW. Cc. Egan, ":

START YOUR OWN PLANTS FROM SEED AND THEY WILL WITHSTAND THE TRIALS

OF OUR CLIMATE— HOW TO SECURE TWO CROPS OF FLOWERS IN

NO bit of the sky has not dropped from

the heavens and settled on the lawn.
It is only a bed of Delphinium belladonna
that flares its vivid living sky-blue spikes
before an admiring visitor, whose inquiry
suggests the above assertion. June, the
merry month of brides and flowers, possesses

no formidable rival of this mass. of
color, the delicacy and _ vividness
of which, combined with stateliness

and grace of the flowering spikes, are
unsurpassed. And the abundance of
deep green, laciniated foliage is an ad-
mirable foil.

This variety (for evidently it is not a
species, but a hybrid showing a strong
infusion of the blood of D. grandiflora or
D. Chinense) has a unique history. Years
ago—perhaps fifteen or more — one
plant originated in an English nursery
and, its beauty being appreciated, it was
given the name of belladonna. Unfortu-
nately it did not perfect its seed, and
propagation by cuttings and root division
was resorted to in order to increase and
perpetuat> it. For many years the Euro-
pean gardens were supplied with plants
from this source, and a few reached
America. As is often the case with various
plants whose extended life is carried
forwar! by continued propagation, its
vitalit. became impaired and a large

group of it, with me at least, seemed out
of the question, as the plants were weak
and short lived.

Fortunately, however, one plant in
England seeded. Just as if Nature, fear-
ing the annihilation of such exquisite

Delphinium formosum; Its hybrds are quite common
in our’ gardens

ONE SEASON

beauty, imbued this one plant with the
germ of fertility, and we can now have
the plant with all its original charms
strengthened by renewed vigor. I can
see no difference in the flower of the
seedlings and the original propagated
plants (there was one exception, a self-
colored deep blue appeared in a batch of
some fifty plants), but a slight variance
may be noted in the foliage, and the plants
grow taller.

The group illustrated on page 269 is
composed of plants one and two years old
and average from four and one-half to six
feet in height, the flower spikes being about
fifteen inches long. And the individual
flowers, which last much longer than is
usual with this species, are an inch and a
half in diameter and, as indicated, a clear
lively sky-blue with a pure white “bee.”
The bed is fifteen feet by nine. The
plants are well staked, having withstood
several strong windstorms before being
photographed.

When the season of main bloom is
over, the plants are cut down to the soil
and before long, if well attended to,
fresh growth appears and a second crop
of bloom develops—not as profuse as
the first, but with much more freedom
than in the ordinary forms. Like all
attractive flowering plants, the larkspur

268

should be planted in masses. While
the plant comes true to color from seed,
the hybrids of D. hybridum and D. for-
mosum vary from the darkest to the
palest blue, the latter accompanied by
delicate tones of pink and lavender —
some single and some semi-double. Some
spikes have the terminal flowers arranged
in a close and compact form, like the
grains of corn around the cob, while in
others they are loose and scattering.
Many flowering stems branch freely,
which, blooming later than the terminal,
prolong the season of flowers.
Numerous named varieties may be
found in the European catalogues, but
my experience with them has been a
sad one, they being hard to establish and
short-lived. One can, however, with but
little trouble and expense, get together
a collection equally as good, and being
to the manor born, they are apt to be
vigorous and “stayers.’”’ Obtain a pack-
age of seed of Lemoine’s, Kelway’s,

THE GAR D EN MEG eZ ONTE

Burbank’s or Dreer’s hybrids and raise
a batch of fifty or more. Anticipation
often furnishes more pleasure than reali-
zation. You may indulge in the former
anyway. Seeds sown in heat in February
or March will give plants which if properly
cared for will bloom in July and August.
If a flower is not up to your standard,
pull up the plant.

Don’t be in a hurry to condemn any
plant, but give it full time to develop
its flowers. Sometimes an wunpromising
spike develops into one of beauty. If you
desire to eventually group them according
to colors, mark each plant as it flowers.
If you are in doubt about any certain
one, mark it to hold over and give it
another season’s trial. In fact it is a
good plan to grow them all the second
season before consigning them to a per-
manent position in order to let them
show if they are strong growers or weak
ones. A weak-growing plant is not worth
much. Some of the seedlings will bloom

JANUARY, 1911

much earlier than others, thus prolonging
the season of expectancy.

Delphiniums revel in an open situation,
a rich, well-drained soil and plenty of
moisture during the summer. Spring is
the best time to transplant them, and two
and a half to three feet space between
them should be allowed. In three or
four years they should be taken up and
divided, and if reset in the same situation
the soil should be renewed. The roots
of old plants often rot in the center, and
become infested with the false wire-worm.
Proper staking is essential in order to
protect them from heavy storms. Plant
them at the rear of the borders, and place
at the sides and in front some bushy
plant of medium height in order to hide
their temporary untidiness when cut
back after their first period of bloom.
Plants like Calimeris imcisa, among the
perennials, or Cleome pungens or the four
o’clock among the annuals, are good for
the purpose.

The Business Side of Farming—By B. H. Crocheron, Simei

AN ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF SUCCESS OR FAILURE IN WORKING THE LAND—
APPLYING THE METHODS OF THE MANUFACTURER TO GROWING OF CROPS

ARMING has been widely and per-
haps wisely treated as a science and
art. Farming has, however, received but
little consideration as a business. Yet,
it is to the end as a business that the farmer
must estimate his profits. It matters
little how many bushels of corn he raises,
but much how many of the bushels belong
to him and how many go to pay his bills;
it matters little how many head of cattle
he has, but much what their profit is.

The average farmer woefully mismanages
his business affairs. He has a farm of
146 acres which he values, together with
the improvements, at $2,905 or $19.82 per
acre. On this he produces products to
the total of $826, but he feeds $170 worth
to live-stock, which leaves him $656 or a
return of $4.47 an acre. An acre is a
large piece of land, when one only gets
$4.47 for cultivating it. But he has
other expenses. He pays out $64 for
labor, $1r0 for fertilizers and there are
other minor expenses. These, with the
interest on his investment, bring his total
income from his own labor down to $288
per year. When he raises wheat he
only gets twelve bushels per acre. When
he raises corn, his yield is 28 bushels
per acre. He has a wife and three chil-
dren. And they live on that $288 per
year. Such is the average American
farmer.

A classification of the capital of the
farm may be made as follows:

rt. Plant: Land, buildings, fences, tools,
teams, animals (for work).

2. Materials: Animals (for breeding),
food, seeds, fertilizers

3. Supplies: Food, money.

This classification of his capital includes

only the matter necessary to carry on a
business. It does not include the farm
home which must be considered as diS-
tinct from the necessities of the business,
although it might be impossible for him
to carry on the business without the
home.

The Plant of the farmer includes not
only the land, improvements on it, ma-
chinery and tools, but also the active
agents in his plant, the workhorses,
the milch-cows, the sheep kept for wool,
and the poultry for eggs.

The Materials are those things which
are embodied in the final product. Seed,
fertilizers, the animals which are to be
bred and sold and the raw material fed
to them, are all part of the materials of
the farm factory. Some materials are
difficult to classify. Sheep kept for mut-
ton are materials. Those kept for wool
are part of the plant. Those kept for
both classes may be put in either class.

The Supplies are the necessary capital
upon which to live and upon which to
conduct the business until the products
come in. Laborers must be paid, teams
must be fed, bills must be met, and the
farmer himself must live. The supplies
necessary to carry on a farm may be a
large or a small item in the farm capital
depending upon the character of the
business. Fruit orchards take long to
come into bearing. A man may buy a
herd of dairy cows and market milk the
next day. To start an apple orchard
will take much capital in supplies. Oats
can be planted and marketed in the same
season and would require less in supplies.

Items in business practice for farms:
1. The small farm. 2. The production

of the difficult. 2. The completed pro-
duct. 4. The near-by and special mar-
kets. 5. The daily work and expense
accounts. 6. The yearly inventory.

1. The small farm has long been a
subject of discussion and indeed it is
highly probable that if most men, who
find farming unsuccessful or, at least,
unprofitable on 160 acres, could be sud-
denly reduced to sixty or forty acres
their profits would rise. There are
sixty and one hundred and sixty acre
men just as there are farms of those sizes.
Some of the reasons why small farms
generally pay a larger income on the
investment are:

(a) The proprietor can give his indi-
vidual attention to all work.

(6) The laborer usually takes a greater
interest in the work. ;

(c) The proprietor can do more actual
labor, therefore the cost of superintendence
is less.

The subjoined table shows the gross
income of American farms in the year 1900.

Percent-
_Gross age on

inccme mv. é
Farms under 2 acres. . $502 27.8
3 to 9 acres Se ea ate 203 18.4
TOMO MEO Ne oa 236 2208
2oto 49 “ sp eee 324 25.4
50 to 99 “ Page ne 503 20.1
too to 175 “ A OOS 721 17.9
Wis 160) Digoy ou uaeehs 1054 16.7
260 to 499 ©“ heaton Te 1354 16.3
500 to g99 “ POLS i a IQI3 16.3
rooo and over 5334 16.1

From this table it may be seen that the
per cent. of income decreases somewhat
steadily as the size of the farm increases.
It may be inferred that the small farm is
usually more profitable as an investment
than a large farm.

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270

2. The production of the difficult is
usually accompanied by a greater profit
than the production of the facile. That
is, throughout all materials it is recognized
as a cardinal principle that the return is
in more than a just proportion to the
difficulty of the undertaking. The more
hazardous and hard to produce the crop,
the greater the profit to the successful
grower. Mushrooms sell at a_ higher
price than cabbages because they are
harder to grow. Peaches are more ex-
pensive than potatoes in most regions
because fewer persons can grow them
successfully. When the whole community
learns to successfully grow peaches the
price will drop. The difficulty of the
undertaking is a very fair gauge of the
profit to be derived from it if successful.
It will usually pay the incompetent man
to grow an easy crop. It is equally true
that it will also pay the competent person
to produce that which others can not.

The following table shows farms classified
according to principal income, where
40 per cent. of the value came from such

products in 1goo.
Aver- In- Per-
age come cent
Number size Gross per on
farms (acres) income acre inv
Hay and grain . . 1,319,854 159 $760 $4.77. +16
Live stock. . . . 1,564,515 227 788 Bot 38)
Cotton. sa aeus: 1,071,545 84 430 Bong Ae
Dairy products . . 357,544 120 787 (2) 17?
Vegetables 155,798 65 665 IO.2I . 10
Tobacco 106,250 90 “615 6.82 30
riits) a0) ees ae 82,060 75 O15 222 es 7)
Suvari « -Rewete eae W074 303 5,317 14.63 26
Blowers and plants 6,159 7 2,00 TAG OS ans)
; ets. - Setters 5,217 190 1,335 7.02 4g
ieee products 2,029 82 4,971 60.84 53

From a consideration of this table we
may infer that it is more difficult and
requires more skill to produce nursery
stock than it does to grow hay and grain;
the return on the investment in the
nursery business is very much larger,
yet the number of persons interested in it
is much smaller. There are only about
half as many persons that grow fruits
as vegetables and they make on the

average about half as much more. The
production of the difficult pays.
3. The completed product means the

complete manufacture of the raw material
into a finished article. Grass may be
turned into hay, hay into milk, milk
into cream, and cream into butter. With
each change of the form of the article
there is usually a profit. The farmer may
sell his hay to a stockman who will feed
it to his cattle and sell the milk to a cream-
ery. The creamery may manufacture the

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

butter and market it in the city. On the
other hand, the farmer may carry on
the entire process of manufacture and
reap all the accruing profit. The farm
should be a factory which produces its own
raw material and sells finished products.

By-products are an important item
in the added profit of complete manufac-
ture. The by-product of converting hay
into milk is the manure which is left to
enrich the land. The by-product of the
manufacture of milk into cream is the
skim-milk which may be fed to young
pigs and poultry. The by-product of
the manufacture of butter from cream is
the buttermilk which may be sold or
put in the land as fertilizer.

4. Near-by and special markets, if
they can be found, are a remarkable
means of increasing the profit. It fre-
quently costs twenty per cent. of the
selling price to haul the product from the
farm to the city and to sell it. The
railroad charges usually are at least ten per
cent. of the value of ordinary crops and com-
mission firms charge ten per cent. for selling.

It was found that on Long Island
farmers were shipping vegetables to mar-
ket, paying freight, selling through com-
mission agents in the overcrowded market,
while within driving distance of their
farms colonies of city residents had their
vegetables exported from the city. The
difference between the price at which the
farmers sold and the residents bought
was over one hundred per cent.

Farms in many sections make a business
of catering to a definite special market.
Squabs, chickens, vegetables, butter and
eggs may be produced at the farm for the
entire use of one large hotel. Many
hotels contract with farms to take their
entire product for a year or more.

A certain experiment station attempt-
ed to demonstrate the proper methods
of preventing markets from being glutted
with vegetables they could not sell. The
station filled crates with an assortment of
vegetables, each crate suitable for the use
of a family, and so started a new in-
dustry in marketing. The crates are now
sold by thousands in many places at a large
advance over wholesale prices for vegetables.

The strawberry section of Eastern Mary-
land shipped regularly to New York
for many years and each year glutted the
market with its own product. One man
shipped to Savannah, Georgia, for a
whole season and reaped a large profit

JANUARY, 19112

until his neighbors followed his example
and did likewise. The special and near-
by market is the good fortune of those
who are able to find it. It can only be
enjoyed by those who get there first.

5. The daily work and expense accounts
are an integral part of the usual business
house and manufacturing concern.

Few farms have any more elaborate
bookkeeping forms than an old blank
book and a stubby pencil. Yet, the more
prosperous and up-to-date farms now
employ a regular system of double entry
bookkeeping for the farm business. A
double entry system entails the use of:

(a) A journal in which accounts are
kept for all departments of the farm,
all workmen, all teams, etc.

(b) A daybook or blotter in which a
running account is made of all items.

The time is, usually well spent since it
(1) shows clearly the business relations of
the farmer with others at all times; (2)
the farmer knows at all times the net
standing of his possessions; (3) the ac-
counts clearly show the net gain in any
given period; and perhaps the greatest
value of the double entry system is (4)
that it makes a clear demonstration of
the profitable and unprofitable transac-
tions of the farm.

A work account should be kept for each
field, each man, each team; an expense
account for each crop, each improvement.
The production of each cow should be
known as clearly as the production of the
whole herd.

(6) The yearly inventory should be
made at some time during the winter;
after the year’s work is completed and
before the next year begins. Many farms
make their inventories on January st,
others at April rst.

The inventory is a plain statement of
all the assets and liabilities of the farm
at that date. By means of a fair impar-
tial statement of his affairs the farmer
may do much to find out where his profits
arise, or where his money goes. Every-
thing of value should be taken account of,
the machinery and teams appraised at
their present value, not at what they cost.
If a harvester costs $125 and is expected
to last ten years, then $12.50 should be
deducted from its value each year. If a
colt is raised its value at the end of the
first year is so much clear gain. The
annual inventory is a splendid means of
looking facts squarely in the face.

High Pressure Orcharding in New England—By Hollister Sage, sx

NOT A ROMANCE OF NEW LANDS, BUT A MATTER-OF-FACT RECITAL OF AN EXPERIENCE ON A HUNDRED
ACRES IN NEW ENGLAND, WHERE UP-TO-DATE METHODS AND INTENSIVE CULTIVATION ARE ADOPTED

SINGLE orchard
advertised the

has
the

in Vermont
state before

world, as one where fortunes may be
made in apples. Its crops of 19009,
as sold, realized $20,000 and crops

of previous years also brought large

sums. Its area is only roo acres and it
is located away up on Lake Champlain,
a portion of the farm of Charles T.
Holmes, in whose family it has been
owned for generations.

Eye openers of this kind occasionally

awaken Eastern farmers to the fact that
apples may be grown to great perfection
and profit here as well as in Oregon and
Washington. Our great mistake is this:
We do not persistently endeavor to grow
faultless fruit in quantity. On Mr.

ener ee

— =—s ee ee ee

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JanuAaRY, 1911

:
f :

Pruning is done with a view to labor saving in
gathering the crop

Holmes’ farm it is the rule to attend to
‘the requirements of each tree individually,
to manure the ground and cultivate it,
to prune the tree and spray it as if that
were the only tree on the farm. And
the result? Sales of fruit as reported
last year, wonderful crops in the past
and a hopeful outlook for the future.
This outlook is so good that the pains-
taking owner has been offered $50,000
for the place. And after all, the soil is
only ordinary New England land. The
trees are what enhance its value. Others
may be made like it. In 1908, $2000
worth of apples were sold; in 1907, the
money they brought was $5369.50; in
1906, $1218; in 1905, $2368.02; in 1904,
$1993.88; in 1903, $12,155, etc.

The owner is certain the returns might
have been made much larger had the
trees been cared for properly in all re-
spects, and a generous policy never deviated
from, admitting frankly that even under
his success there was still “room for im-
provement.” The price offered Mr.
Holmes, $50,000, would seem to every-
day farmers to be extravagant for 100
acres of orchard, but upon analyzing the
purchase it is very modest. If the trees
are set 30 feet apart each way, an acre
contains 50 of them, and who would
hesitate to pay $10 for choice, well-grown,
bearing trees with the land thrown in?
To improve the farm and the future with
little outlay is within the reach of every-
one who owns a place. It is through
planting choice, market apples. Mr.
Holmes says “This does not need to cost
a dollar, for the land may be cultivated
continually in paying crops that will
more than bear the expense, and benefit
the trees. Few, even of New England
farms, can be found, which could not
give up 5 or 10 acres that is suitable for
apples. Many places can be made into
little mines of wealth for their owners if
they will steadily pursue this policy,
and not forget it. In 20 years from
setting, an acre should pay the interest
on $5,000 or more. A number of acres
of this orchard paid a clear profit of $500
the past year. Wouldn’t 10 acres pay
some interest and principal too? I have
80 acres of Greenings, 10 of Baldwins,
5 of Spys, and 5 of English Russets and
Tompkins King.”

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Almost like a fable runs the story of Mr.
Holmes’ orchard. Although the old farm
had been in the family so many years,
not until 1870 was much attention paid
to the apple. At that time 100 Spys,
Greenings and Baldwins were bought at
a cost of $10. Even in the beginning
great care was exercised to dig large holes
a year in advance of setting and to mix
well-rotted manure with the soil where
the trees were put. The land selected
has an eastern, southern and western
exposure. The trees began to bear at
about twelve years of age, with but a
part of the orchard always under culti-
vation. Portions cultivated one year
were left in grass the next, and later
cultivated again. This was carried on
for 25 years, when the entire orchard
was seeded and used for mowing and sheep
pasture. Until the trees were 20 years
old the crop was 500 to tooo barrels
annually. Then the grass was partly
smothered by a good application of manure,
when the yield was suddenly increased
very largely.

PRUNING FOR EFFICIENCY

Pruning was recognized as an essential
from the start, and the effort was made to
keep the tree balanced, by cutting out
the cross limbs, suckers and dead wood.
The owner says: “Pruning is very nec-
essary to successful orcharding. Fruit
must have light to give finish, texture
andsize. Not fewerthan three main limbs
should branch from the trunk, and never
more than four. I do not consider thin-
ning of fruit practicable. It costs too
much. But the tree which has its branches
properly thinned and pruned can carry
and mature the fruit it sets, if it be fed
and cultivated as it should be. Large,

x3

271

fair apples cannot be grown by any tree,
however much it be thinned, if starved.
Under the head of feeding comes cultiva-
tion, for in dry seasons continued harrow-
ing provides a surface mulch of dry earth
which prohibits evaporation of the mois-
ture needed by the trees.” Without
moisture the rootlets cannot appropriate
the plant food even when it is near
them.

PROFITS IN INTENSIVE CULTURE

Mr. Holmes relates a wonderful story
showing what care will do for trees. ‘In
the winter of 1907, fifty acres of Green-
ings were given a good mulch of yard
manure as far as the branches extended,
and as soon as frost was out I plowed
this in three inches deep. The ground
was then thoroughly pulverized with a
disk harrow and thereafter a springtooth
harrow was run over it every two weeks
until the middle of July, when I sowed a
bushel of buckwheat to the acre. Two
weeks before apple picking time, when the
buckwheat was in full bloom, it was rolled
with a low roller to break it down and
provide a soft cushion for windfalls and to
keep them clean. That autumn I picked
2500 barrels from the 50 acres I had taken
care of, and 600 barrels only from all
the rest of the orchard.

“Tn the spring of 1908 I unwarily allowed
myself to be influenced, against my own
judgment, by statements of some of the
wise ones. They said the crop of the previ-
ous year was due to manure alone. As a
consequence I dropped one-half of the
50 acres and cultivated but 25, while
manuring the entire orchard. It was a
dry season. I cultivated the 25 acres
every 10 days until the middle of July,
when I seeded it to mammoth clover for

High cultivation, with green cover crops to plow under, pays in improved general vigor of the trees and larger
yields of fruit

272

(EE \GrAcR DEEN

‘ 4
ae z

Advantage is taken of modern equipments; the spraying is done by a power machine mounted on a wagon.

a winter cover crop. As a result of the
experiment, I picked 600 barrels of choice
fruit from the 25 acres cultivated two
years in succession, while the 25 acres,
dropped and cultivated but one year,
yielded only 200 barrels of inferior size.
From the remaining half of the entire
orchard I got nothing. This shows that
it pays to work.

“Being now convinced that intensive
culture is of the greatest importance, I
put the whole orchard under the plow
and harrow in 1g09. This gave me 4,000

barrels; but 3100 of them I picked from
the 50 acres cultivated two and three
years, and among these I did not have ten
barrels of stung apples. The crop was
packed as fancies, firsts and as number
twos. There were 2200 barrels of fancies,
nothing smaller than 224 inches, and
800 barrels of firsts, nothing smaller than
214 inches. The windfalls were small
but not wormy; they brought the tidy
price of $2 per barrel delivered at the car.
The others were placed in cold storage
in Troy, New York.

At harvest time.

The trees laden with fruit of high quality.
about the trees.

Note the well cultivated area immediately
This pays

MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1911

KEEPING DOWN INSECTS

“To keep the trees and fruit clean from
fungus and the ravages of worms and leaf-
eating insects we have got to spray and
spray thoroughly. We learned this about 20
years ago. No poison was employed then
but Paris green, and it was to be used
but once, when the trees were in bloom.
After a few years of this, science came to the
orchardist’s rescue and we learned to
spray after the blossom falls, which is
the only time to kill the codling moth.
For the last ten years my trees have been
sprayed with the bordeaux-lead-arsenate
mixture before the buds open, and with
arsenate of lead and lime after the blossom
falls. The first is for bud moth and
cigar case borer. I sprayed an orchard
three times last July for codling moth but-
could not see that it was of any benefit.
Spraying makes a great difference to the
number of barrels of second quality ap-
ples an orchard will yield. It costs just
as much to pick and pack a barrel of
seconds as firsts. The former sell for
about $3 and the latter for $6, while for
many of ours that were stored until nearly
the spring of 1910 we got $7.

“T use a 21% horse-power gasoline sprayer.
Hand-power pumps are too laborious
and do not give force enough to produce
the fine spray necessary to reach every
part of the tree and fruit. For blight
fungus and the codling moth, spray just
before the apple turns down. This fills
the calyx end with sure death for the
pest as it emerges from the egg.

LIME AND TFERTILITY

“In the line of experiments I have learned
something about lime. I dressed an acre
with 200 pounds to the tree of air-slaked
lime to watch the outcome. These trees
showed such marked superiority to the
rest in color, size of foliage and in finish
of fruit, that 70 acres more were limed
the succeeding autumn, and the remainder
of the orchard the following winter.
Lime is good for the trees and bad for
their enemies. There is not an apple
that seems more hardy and prolific than
the Rhode Island Greening nor one that
is better adapted to our markets.”

Mr. Holmes has come into the manage-
ment of this famous farm only within
recent years and consequently is unable
to state definitely what the expenses have
been per acre or tree, but in the last three
years fertilizing, spraying and cultivating
have been pushed at more than usual
annual cost and the outlay per tree has
been but 52 cents per annum or $13.50
peracre of 25 trees. During many previous
years the outlay has not been one-half
this amount. The cost of picking, packing
and carting has averaged 85 cents one
year with another. When asked if cold
storage of the fruit has paid, Mr. Holmes
exclaimed, ‘‘ Yes! Big! The cost is ro cents
per barrel per month. The prevention
of decay, loss in re-sorting and advance
in price very much more than meet all
expenses.”

The Problem of Growing Pineapples for Market—By John Gifford, ":

ONE FRUIT CROP THAT IS ADAPTED TO THE CORAL KEYS OF FLORIDA —
PECULIARITIES OF ITS NEEDS AND THE ACTIVE COMPETITION OF CUBA

NEE years ago the pineapple was
extensively cultivated on the coral
keys of Florida. The natives cut the
forest, burnt the wood and débris on the
ground and planted “pines” in the ashes.
I protested against this method because
it destroyed the humus, and ordered all
wood and brush burnt in piles on my
land. My man, a Bahaman Negro, well
versed in the pineapple business, insisted
that the land must be “hot” for pines,
that they needed the ashes, and that if
the burning was done in a moist time
only the surface rubbish would be des-
troyed. Time proved that he was right.
These pineapple fields were weeded once
or twice a year, no fertilizer was applied
but a heavy yield was secured in spite
of the sparseness of the soil and the crude
nature of cultivation.

But what a mess it was at harvest time!
They commenced to break pines in early
summer. The plants were full of spines
and more than waist high. Canvas mit-
tens were necessary. It was usually hot

and the mosquitoes were a pest beyond
description. The Negroes toted the pines
to the boat in baskets on their heads, over
rough rocks along narrow well-worn paths.
There is uncut land left on these keys
and a railroad is now in operation in a part
of this region, but the pineapple business
is practically dead. With a field of
pines and a patch of limes and wrecking
on the side these Key people were once
well to do and their lands were valuable.
Further up the state along the east
coast there is a long stretch of sand dune
country. It was once covered with a
sparse growth of pine trees and the ‘soil
was naturally sterile. A balanced ration
of fertilizer was applied by the pineapple
growers and immense crops were pro-
duced, a few acres yielding a fine income.
Of late, returns have been small and many
growers have quit the business. Over in
the Bahama Islands it is the same story.
In Cuba there is a lot of soil especially
adapted to pineapple culture. An owner
of a young citrus grove plants pineapples

between the trees and thus receives a
quick return. The Cuban people are
fond of the pineapple or “la pifia”’ as they
call it. It is ground fine, sweetened and
mixed with cracked ice. It is sold in this
form at all refreshment stands and is
certainly one of the most refreshing
drinks imaginable on a hot day. If served
throughout the United States in this way
it would soon become popular. This
would increase the consumption of this
fruit to an enormous extent.

One hears complaints of small returns
on pines even in Cuba. In fact it looks
like a case of over production. The pine-
apple is well known in the North, is
largely canned and relished by everybody.
We import twelve million dollars’ worth
of bananas every year, but the pineapple,
coming only at a special season and not
having the filling food value of the banana,
is at a disadvantage. The pineapple suffers
severely in the process of transportation.
It is usually picked too green. A pine
is at its best when it ripens on the plant

This was a common sight in Florida a few years ago, but the pineapple industry has greatly diminished

273

RAK
HSS

Pineapples need but little cultivation once the slips
Or Crowns are set out. It is not seriously troubled
by insects

A ripe pine may be located in the patch
by the fragrance which spreads far and
wide. A rat may have eaten one side
but you will find the other side very de-
licious.

Good drainage seems essential to the
pineapple and it is no doubt for this
reason that it does so well in sandy soil.
In the Hawaiian Islands they grow pines
on a stiff soil, the favorite variety being
the smooth Cayenne.

The pineapple is a strictly tropical
fruit needing lots of warmth, and, although
it will grow on sterile, sandy soil, it must
be carefully and abundantly fed with
fertilizer. The food it needs is rich —
such as cottonseed meal, unleached to-
bacco dust and dried blood and bone.

Although the pineapple is referred to
as a semi air-plant, since it belongs with
a group of epiphytes, it must have some-
thing more than air to live on. Water
often stands in little pockets at the base
of the leaves. In this are often the dead
bodies of insects and it is quite likely
that the plant secures some sustenance
in this way. It is a very shallow rooter
and the roots must have air. I have
known pineapples to actually sucker them-
selves out of the ground and have found
them resting very loosely in the fluffy
humus which covers the rocks on the
Florida Keys. Although I have no means
of positively knowing I believe Florida
produces one and one-half million crates
of pines a year. Cuba probably exceeds
this amount, also the Bahama Islands.
This places the pine in the front rank with
other staple fruits.

The Red Spanish is the chief commer-

THE GARDEN

cial variety. It multiplies well, is hardier
and ships better than any other sort known
té the writer. The Porto Rico is a close
second.

The pineapple is not seriously troubled
by disease and in spite of the small returns
it is still a favorite crop with many small
farmers. It is easily reproduced from
slips and suckers. Now and then a
fertile seed is produced. Pines may be
grown from rattoons which spring from
the root, suckers which grow on the stem
higher up, slips which grow at the base
of the fruit, crown slips which grow at
the base of the crown, and from the crown
itself. In this district slips from the base
of the fruit are ordinarily used. The
bottom of the slip should be cut smooth
with a sharp knife and the stem trimmed.
There is less danger of a trouble called
“tangle root.”

Canning factories use many pines, but
many go to waste that could be easily
converted into commercial alcohol. It
is one of the fruits which does not lend
itself to wine manufacture but would
probably yield a good cordial. The pine-
apple, it is claimed, contains a ferment
similar to the ferment in the pawpaw which
aids digestion. In the East the fiber
of the leaf is extensively used for cloth
manufacture. This cloth is as delicate
and beautiful as silk. The fiber is used
for nets, thread for sewing, etc., and
although very fine it is strong. I have

The crop matures surely and over a considerable
length of time from a well drained soil. but it needs
rich feeding

MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1911

often wondered why an extensive industry
in this line has not developed in the West
Indies. A pineapple field in dry weather,
like a field of cane, is very combustible.

The scientific name of the pineapple
is now Ananas ananas, which is also a
common Spanish name for the plant
although pifia is much more frequently
used. I have often thought that ananas
would be a better common name for it
than pineapple. It is, of course, nothing
like an apple and was so called probably
because it faintly resembles in shape the
pine cone. We are calling grape fruit,
pomelo; alligator pear, avocado; why not
call the pineapple ananas?

It appears from present conditions
that in pineapple culture, in spite of the
duty, Western Cuba has the advantage.
When solid trainloads of pines sweep by
from Cuba over the Florida East Coast
Railway, and when his returns come in,
the Florida pineapple grower realizes
that he has a competitor to the south
of him and that he lives at a way station
on a West Indian trunk line.

About Small Irrigated Farms

HE situation has doubtless changed
somewhat since I visited Sanford last
February, and looked into the celery
situation there (see page 262). Land, for
example, is presumably higher. But I
I do not wish to “boom” Sanford or
any other locality. I wish to discover
principles. The lesson of this article
is that irrigation combined with drain-
age means greater profit and insurance
against business failure. I would set peo-
ple in every state to thinking “ How can I
get a drained and irrigated garden”? There-
fore, these remarks on irrigation by Mr.
Roosevelt seem to me well worth careful
consideration:

“TI believe the purchase of irrigated land
to be the best way for a man of small
means to make himself independent.
And I believe I am qualified to pass
judgment as I have been interested in
irrigation matters locally and nationally
for fifteen years.

“The results are simply astonishing to
those unfamiliar with the great subject of
irrigation. And I believe the happiest man
these days is the man with the little ten-
acre irrigated farm —even five acres is
enough to support a family and keepitbusy.

“The owner of a ten-acre irrigated farm
doesn’t have to knuckle to the boss nor
strain his conscience in the intense com-
mercialism of the day.

“His income is practically untouched
by financial depression.

“His living and peace of mind are not
dependent upon the whim of any man.
“He is king of his own little domain.

“He can make his ten acres earn as
much as a quarter section (160 acres)
unirrigated would produce — as much as
between $20,000 and $80,000 in cash
would bring, loaned out at six per cent.”

New York. We M.

Our Garden Contests

| er pictures this month are taken
from those sent in for our children’s
garden contest. Those of next month
will also be contest pictures. A list of
winners will be printed in one of our
subsequent numbers.

I wonder if you notice how much the
quality of pictures has improved this year
over that of last. A number of times this
year we have mentioned the pictures as
one of the weak points in our school gar-
den work. They have been weak and
characterless. Just a picture of a lot of
children posed in a garden is of little value.
The picture should tell a story.

We were delighted this year as the good
pictures began coming in. The pictures
showed something. And they really typi-
fied better work, too. That’s worth a

year’s struggle, is it not?

Those two pictures, which take such a
conspicuous place across the following
page, are of work done in Rhode
Island. It is solid, real work. The
gardens look like business, do they not?
And notice too that these are artistic
gardens also. A garden need not be a
set ugly affair because it is a garden
composed of many owners. I shall show
you more of Rhode Island work later.
There are a number of excellent lessons

No soil but stones

A barren door step. April 15.
and gravel

LET US LEARN LESSONS FROM THESE
PICTURES TAKEN BY OUR FRIENDS
IN THE WORK. THESE ARE CIVIC,
ECONOMIC, EDUCATIONAL, ESTHETIC
AND SPIRITUAL LESSONS

Conducted by
PEE N EDD YosEe Aw:
New York

to be observed. Rhode Island might
be a garden state—-a perfect bower —
if work such as this was put in all over
the state.

This other garden is in Lancaster,
Pennsylvania. It is connected with one
of the public schools. The children
from the kindergarten up have a share
in it. JI choose this special picture be-
cause it shows the janitor doing a little
work in it. He just had to help. We
do not approve of janitors doing the
work but we do like janitors who feel a
personal interest in the garden.

The two pictures of a back yard before
and after improvement represent work
done in Waltham, Massachusetts. They
have school gardens there too. But this
shows an end carefully followed up in
Waltham. The home garden work after
all is the most vital of all our garden
work. .This piece of work shows what
could be done in any town or city if you
all really cared. Do not these two pic-
tures tell the story? Is it worth while
to invest ten cents in such a work. Or
better is it not worth while to so stir up
such neighborhoods, as this picture typi-
fies, so that each householder will pre-
fer to invest ten cents in his own back
yard.

Soils and Soil Experiments

i eas kinds of soils most of you boys

and girls have to deal with are
sand, clay or humus. These kinds are
not difficult to distinguish.

Sandy soil is made up of more or less
finely ground rock masses. The clay
is told by its stickiness. When you take
in your hand a lump of damp soil which
can be easily formed into a ball, which
adheres closely together, you may be
certain there is clay in that soil. Humus
soil is made up of decayed or partly de-
cayed vegetable matter. It usually is of
a nice dark brown color.

The two great needs of soil are air and
water. Let us think of the soil as made
up of individual particles. Each parti-
cle should have a little air space all about
it. Each particle has a film of water
over it. Do you understand this? Sup-
pose you take a marble, just an ordinary
little marble not a fine glass agate, and

Q75

You will
notice a film or thin coating of water

dip this marble in water.

over it. To be sure, this dries right off;
but not before you have seen it. So
soil particles have their coverings of
water. They must have the air spaces
and the water films. If any soil prevents
or shuts off either of these soil necessities
something must be done to such a soil
to make conditions right. On the other
hand a soil which holds too much water
is not ideal.

Try the following experiments with
soils, either at home or at school:

Experiment 1 — Take three lamp chim-
neys. Tie cheese cloth over the small, or
what is ordinarily called, the upper end of
the chimney. Turn the chimney upside
down so the cheese cloth covered end will
be down. Fill into each chimney 3 inches
of soil. In the first chimney put sand, in
the second clay and in the third humus.
Now set these cheese cloths end down into
a pan which has an inch of water in it.
Observe the time each takes to soak up
water so that the soil is wet to the upper
surface. What does this teach you about
the power of sand, clay and humus to
absorb water?

Experiment 2—Take the soils from
experiment 1 and spread these out on

What a few morning glory seeds can do in the
same yard. August 15

276

separate pieces of paper. How long does
it take these different soils to dry out?
What does this teach you about the power
which different soils have to retain water?

Experiment 3 — Fix and fill the chim-
meys as before. Take a measure of
water, a glass, a bottle or a measuring
glass full. Pour water very slowly into
the chimney holding the sand. Hold
the chimney in your hand over a glass
so that all the water which passes through
the soil may be caught. Suppose sand
held 14 of a measure of water and allowed
34 to drip through. What per cent. of
water did the sand hold or retain?

Try the same with the clay and the
humus using in both cases the same
amount of water as you did for the sand.
Calculate out per cent. in both cases.
What does this experiment teach you
about soils?

Experiment 4— Add to a cup of sand
an equal quantity of rotted manure or
of leaf mold. Try experiments 1, 2 and 3
over with this new soil mixture and see
if this has made any difference to the
qualities of sandy soil.

Experiment 5 — Take a measure of
clay soil, add to this half a measure of
sand and half a measure of rotted manure
or of leaf mold. Work these thoroughly
into the clay. What effect do they have
on the character of the soil? To answer
this question try again with the new soil
experiments 1, 2 and 3.

After you have completed these ex-
periments send in to us your results. We
will try to print some so that you may see
the results gotten by different boys and
girls. Make out a page on what they
teach you about soils. It would be well

to arrange the third experiment in tabular
form as follows:

Ber Gent,
Water
Retained

Water
Passed
Thro’ Soil

Water
held by
Soil

Kind of
Soil

Amt. of
Water

Sand 1 Cup
Clay oe “<<
Humus| “ “

TE, GA RD aN

The notable feature of this Lancaster garden is
that of entirety

The last three columns are for you to
fill out. Any amount of water may be
used. A measuring cup is good because
it is divided off into definite spaces. Some-
times boys and girls use rulers to measure
the water with. About two inches of
water is poured from a vessel of some sort
into the soil, the drip water being caught
in a similar vessel and measured. Be sure
the vessels used are the same size and
shape or else your estimate will be incor-
rect.

Things to Be Attended to

GAIN here is a reminder of things to do:

(1) Try the experiments given in the previous

article. They are good ones for a fourth or fifth
grade.

(2) If the house plants begin to look a bit scrag-
gly try watering them once a week with liquid
manure. You remember it should be the color
of weak tea.

(3) If the plants develop lice spray them with
kerosene emulsion. The receipt for this is as follows:
Dissolve a quarter pound of soap in a quart of hot

the garden is laid out

MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1911

water. Shave the soap up and stir the hot water
into it while on the stove. To this hot mixture
add one gallon of kerosene. Of course remove
the soap solution from the stove before doing this.
Beat it well. Dilute with ten times the amount
of water. If it is then too thick to use as a spray
dilute with water. If you. have no syringe to spray
with, wash the lice from the plants with a cloth
moistened with the emulsion.

(4) Another means of destroying lice is to use
tobacco water. To a pailful of warm water add a
handful of tobacco. Let it stand for about twenty-
four hours. If the color is like that of weak tea
you will then know that it is the right strength
for spraying the plants. If it is not, dilute to this
color by adding cold water.

(5) If the bulbs have developed a proper root
system bring up to the light. The way to deter-
mine this was told in the October number. When
the bulb has done its work of blossoming remove
the plant to the cellar. Let it completely wither
and die down. ‘Then cut off the entire top to
within one inch of the bulb itself. Take the bulbs
out of the pans and boxes and thoroughly dry.
They are now ready to be packed away for next
summer’s use.

(6) Keep the leaves of the home plants free from
dust. Spray the window boxes with water occa-
sionally.

(7) To water potted plants plunge them in a basin
of water. Let them remain until the top surface
of soil is completely moistened.

(8) Why not start planting flower seeds in pots
and boxes ready for a March flower show? Give one
kind of seed to agrade. Try this in your boys’ club.

(9) Stick some seed of scarlet runner bean or
cucumber vine in the window box and start a vine
which can be trained up the window casement.

(10) Right after Christmas begin to make for
yourself a set of garden necessities. I mean by
this labels, markers, stakes, reels, etc.

(11) It is not too early to make your garden plan
for next spring’s garden. Draw this to a scale.
Put the rows of vegetables and flowers in the plan.
Use dotted lines for this. You can even get the
labels marked.

(12) Write for a catalogue to the seed house from
which you intend to buy your seed. If the cata-
logue is not ready your name will be on file to
have one mailed you as soon as the catalogues
come from the press.

(13) A good many schools send to the Depart-
ment of Agriculture at Washington for seeds,
which are specially put up for schools. Just
state the number of children who are to partici-
pate in the garden.

(14) Next month a few experiments with seeds
will be printed. This is work preparatory to
your outdoor work. It is for a better understand-
ing of this garden work of ours. The soil experi-
ments are given so that you will understand how to
treat the special soil you have to deal with.

It is for this better understanding of things
that you are to get seeds as soon as possible.

ise. ee X

Note especially in the right hand picture how well

-

Labor-Saving Kitchen Utensils

By Mary H. Nortuenp, Massachusetts

N GETTING the best results in the
house out of products, adequate tools
and appliances are no little factor. The
average kitchen, ‘on the other hand,
is content to get along in a sort of pre-
historic manner with make-shift arrange-
ments when, with a very little searching,
a labor-saving device that would give
better results more quickly could be easily
picked up. Even in so simple a thing as
ma-hing potatoes, for instance, a pronged
tool will turn out a light, homogeneous
mass, whereas a heavy crusher will almost
inevitably leave unmashed lumps. It would
seem to be quite unreasonable to go to
great trouble in growing fine vegetables
and raising the standard of quality in the
product of the garden all the time, and
then by careless handling or inadequate
tools in the house to sacrifice all the ad-
vantage which has thus been gained.

The dish washer is an article which will
not, perhaps, be appreciated by all, but
which means true economy of time in a
large family. The dishes are placed in
the large tin pan with soap or powder,
and hot water is poured over them. Then
the rubber hose is attached to the cold
water faucet, and the flow of water
causes the dasher to revolve, making a
fine suds in the pan. It will be seen that
the cold water does not wash the dishes,
but is merely the motive power used.
When the dishes are thoroughly cleansed,
the soapy water is run off through the
opening, and clean hot water is substituted.

After rinsing, the water is again drained
off and the cover placed on the pan to
allow the dishes to dry.

Butter making is something of a lost
art to-day, but many housewives are
reviving it in order to be certain that they
are getting the pure article. The process
requires about one minute’s turning of
the churn handle and a little kneading
of the mass -to extract the butter-milk.
The thermometer is for the purpose of
determining the temperature of the cream,
which should be from sixty to sixty-three
degrees. In addition to the making of
butter this churn may be used for whip-
ping cream, for making icings for cake,
ice cream, pancake batter, mayonnaise
or French salad dressings, sauces and
many other concoctions. It is easily
taken apart and cleansed by rinsing
with boiling water, and the fact that its
several parts are of glass, porcelain and
heavily nickelled metal makes it a most
sanitary utensil. For the average family
a quart size is large enough.

Another useful article to be used in
making mayonnaise dressing is the egg-
beater with funnel attached. There is
a screw on the edge of the funnel which
regulates the flow of oil into the bowl.
Anyone who is in the habit of making
mayonnaise knows what a tedious pro-
cess it is to pour the oil slowly enough and
to stir at the same time. Another inven-
tion is a funnel, strainer attached, which
will be found useful when liquids are to be
strained into a small-necked receptacle.

A circular grater with holes in three
sizes is another utensil the convenience of

which comes through combination. Use
the part with the smallest holes when a
fine grating is desired, such as nutmeg,
the larger holes for grating such things as
lemon or orange peel, and the third part
would be found useful when a very coarse
grating is needed, as, for instance, cheese
or bread crumbs.

Many little articles for the kitchen are
made of aluminum, and among these
there is a new measuring spoon, or really
four spoons in one, the largest size being
equal to a tablespoon, the others corres-
ponding to dessert-spoon, teaspoon and
half-teaspoon sizes. When not in use
these may be folded up, and not occupy
any more space than one spoon.

Very attractive for little birthday or
afternoon tea cakes is this little initial
aluminum cake mould. These come in all
letters, a dozen of one letter being packed
in a box.

There may be some housekeepers who
scorn to use any pie plates but the earthen
ones to which they have become accus-
tomed, but the best of earthen plates is
bound, after a while, to become cracked
and greasy and unfit for use. Moreover,
some women will confess to a difficulty
in having a thoroughly baked under
crust without burning the rest of the pie.
This wire pie plate will overcome that
difficulty. The under crust should be
rolled somewhat thicker than for the
ordinary plate and laid on lightly without
pressing into the wire. Wires running
across the bottom of the plate are bent
to raise it from the bottom of the oven so
that an even heat reaches all parts of

An egg-beater, with afunnel for oil attached, for making
mayonnaise. Also a funnel and strainer combined

without wetting one’s hands
277

One can wash dishes in this contrivance Three eggs may be poached in this pan at the same time

with no danger of breaking the yolks

278

A pie plate which ensures a well-baked under crust

the pie. It is easily removed from the
tin plate to an earthen one when cooled,
and the result is a crisp, well-baked
under-crust.

A most satisfactory utensil for poaching
eggs is shown in the illustration. Steam
from the water in the lower pan rises
through the hole in the centre of the plate
and cooks the eggs. The cover fits
tightly over the pan. Each egg-pan may
be removed separately by its handle,
and the egg easily slipped to a plate
without breaking.

The Kitchen Livable

_ kitchen years ago was the most
comfortable, most livable room in
the house. We do not care to return to
those days of kitchen-living with a parlor
like a tomb. But we have almost re-
versed the situation.

If the kitchen was as much of a problem
for comfort to the housewife as the living-
room is, would this not help the servant
question? The kitchen should be one of
the lightest, cheeriest rooms in the house.
Cleanliness, warmth, comfort should reign
supreme.

I once saw a kitchen the walls of which
were painted gray. Now that gives you
alla shock. It sounds gloomy and dreary.
But it was not. The gray was a light one.
It was soft and pleasing to the eye. The
advantage of the painted wall is the ease
with which it may be cleaned by washing.
This is a great point since the kitchen
is the one room
where the walls
are most likely to
get much soiled.
The kitchen in the
house where I live
always presents a
most spotless ap-
pearance even
when preparations
for dinner are well
under way. The
walls are bricked
half way up and
painted with a
creamy yellow en-
amel. The cup-
boards, doors and
all woodwork are
painted gray, as
well as the chairs
and tables, the
walls and ceilings

A convenient grater with
small, medium and large
sized holes

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

being done in a lighter gray. A gray
and white oilcloth floor covering completes
the scheme. When you do your kitchen
over this spring, try these colors for a change.

If one could afford a hard wood floor
in but one room that room should be the
kitchen. The woman who does her own
house work deserves that comfort. The
maid of all work has to save time and labor.
A ‘deck mop may be used on such a floor
for it is possible to keep it as nice as the
dining-room floor.

If the kitchen is small and saving of
space is an object then substitute drop
shelves for tables. Such a shelf-table is
merely a board or boards, the final width
being that of a table top. This fastened by
hinges to the wall may be pulled up and
held in place by a stick like the leaves of
an old-fashioned table. Now it is ready

A churner which will make butter, whip cream.
make icing for cake, pancake batter, etc.

for use. After using, the stick, which
is also hinged, is folded back against the
wall and the board top dropped.

Do you know how clean the kitchen
stove may be kept with newspapers?
After broiling the steak or doing any other
grease-spattering work rub the stove im-
mediately with newspaper. The grease
disappears, the stove looks as good as
new again.

People blessed with porcelain sinks
know nothing — yes , nothing —of the
trials one has with the old iron sink. It
rusts, and it soon looks badly. It need not.
If one keeps the sink dry and occasionally
oils it there is little trouble. By dry I
mean really dry. This state of complete
dryness is reached by the vigorous appli-
cation of a rag. In order to keep these
rags sweet and clean one must have a
good supply of them. Scrape the sink
down and then wipe dry.

' If once a month you pour down the sink
hole a nint of kerosene the pipes will be

Measuring spoons in four sizes which may be folded
together, and an initial aluminum cake mould

kept clean and open. The oil cuts grease,
which often adheres to pipes and traps
and thus causes stoppage and a plumber’s

bill.

Keep a little charcoal in the ice box
and so have a sweet smelling chest. This
charcoal may be kept in a saucer in the
lower part of the box. Renew the char-
coal monthly. If you have just come to a
house where there is an ice box already
installed, try this: Before you use the
chest wash and scald it out thoroughly.
Then place in it a saucer of formaldehyde.
Leave this for forty-eight hours in the chest
with all covers and doors closed. Then
remove the saucer, and wash and air the
chest thoroughly.

New York. E.. E48:

How to Make a Covered Box

| Peau shirt waist box is the greatest
sort of help where closet room is
limited. Do not think that one has to
have the carpenter make a box just the
right shape and size. Of course, that is
the nicest sort of box. But a low, flat
box from the corner grocery will answer
the purpose. This will cost perhaps
twenty-five cents.

Hinge the cover on, line the box with
new sheets of brown paper, and sprinkle
in some lavender. Creton makes the best
kind of covering for a bedroom box. Per-
haps one can nearly match the wall paper
or other furnishings of the room.

You should allow a little fullness in
the covering material around the front
and ends of the box. The back needs
no creton if the box is to be put against
the wall. Buy enough material to go just
twice around the three sides of the box. Box
plait the material on, and be sure not to
make it too full.

The top needs just a straight piece over
it. It is well to put a piece of cloth under
this, tacking the cloth to the box cover,
so as to prevent wear. Padding and up-
holstering the top is not at all necessary.

The box might be lined with the ma-
terial instead of the brown paper, but it
is rather difficult to do neatly.

The top piece may be tacked on with
brass headed tacks. Do the same to the
side and end pieces, plaiting and tacking
as you go along.

Such a box covered with monk’s cloth
or denim looks well in a dining-room
and can be used for table linen. A box
upstairs for bed linen helps out closet
room. '

JANUARY, 1911

Another Trial with the Butterfly
Weed

HAVE read with much interest several notes

about the butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa)

in the recent numbers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE.

I have found it a mean plant to grow, not from

any cultural difficulty but from its intense cater-
pillary attraction.

I have a full quorum of asclepias which bloom
only once in awhile. There isa particularly crafty
and ill-favored caterpillar that beats me to them!
Usually on the watch for this voracious marauder
(who can strip an asclepias of its foliage in less
than no time) it has a habit of appearing from no-
where in particular, and before I know it my
patch of scarlet is only a mass of stems.

These caterpillars are villainous looking objects
at best and crafty beyond their race. At the
first touch to the plant they “play possum,”
roll up and drop to the ground, disappearing like
a lot of shot poured on a level surface. As soon
as they deem it safe they are back on the job.
The trouble with them is that I never can judge
the time to catch them with a nice meal of Paris
green. My scheme for beating them is to have
various groups of plants so that all may not be
attacked at once.

The asclepias somehow doesn’t look natural to
me in groups of any size. In its native haunts
it does not grow in colonies and the reason is plain.
The plant is afflicted with wanderlust. When
the pods dehisce — botanists’ code for get ripe
and open — each seed starts out on an aeroplane
expedition for parts unknown, and they do not
alight in groups but singly; hence this fine plant,
while common enough, is rather, sporadic in its
appearance. It is naturally a dot plant and it
does well for me when used sparingly with yellow
rudbeckias, much as it grows in its habitat. It
likes a rather dry situation and should not be moved
before it has become dormant — that is, when
the leaves turn yellow and drop. The native
plants in my section are scarlet — flagrantly red
in fact. I purchased a dozen plants a few seasons
ago; they were yellowish, orange and orange-
scarlet — quite a diversity of color — but none
had the vivid color of the native plants I had
dug myself.

Ohio. R. D. SHERMAN.

More About Japanese Yew

PEEPING to the article on Japanese yew
in THE GARDEN MacGazine for November,
Igo, it might be added that Taxus cuspidata is
really a tree, growing sometimes in the forests of
Northern Japan to a height of forty or fifty feet.
Its tall trunks are covered with beautiful bright
red bark. Some of our plants in the Arboretum
are beginning to assume this tree habit, and
all that is necessary to make trees of this yew is
to set the plants close together. Naturally it
grows in dense woods of deciduous trees. There is
a promising young hedge of this yew at the Thayer
place in Lancaster, Massachusetts, and another
is to be planted near Glen Cove. There is no
reason why in a hundred years from now there
should not be large Japanese yews in our church-
yards and avenues. All that is necessary to pro-
duce them is to plant the seeds and wait.
C. S. SARGENT,
Director of the Arnold Arboretum,
Jamaica Plain, Mass.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Garden Gossip

| IS a pity that so exquisite a flower as Cam-
panula alliariefolia should be so weedy when
out of bloom. It needs staking, too. But it has
a lovely white flower two inches long and, strangely
enough, no blue or purple variety is known. The
flower owes much of its distinction to singular
tooth-like excrescences at the base of each sinus,
which are conspicuous in the bud. It is not as
bell-shaped as others. The bloom is all gone by
July roth. What a fine thing it would be if some
hybridizer could connect this admirable flower
with a noble habit like that of the peach-leaved
bellflower!

One of the most glorious plants for hall decora-
tion is a big chimney bellflower in a large pot. It
means three years and an English gardener, or else
a lot of patience and skill. But it’s worth all the
trouble!

English gardeners set great store by the milky
blue bellflower (Campanula lactiflora). They
take great pains to get just the right shade, for
there are a lot of muddy blues and poor lavenders in
the nurseries. Few people are enraptured with it
at first, for it is not of the most refined habit; but
the peculiar color soon becomes fascinating, and if
you give a plant extra food and water it will make a
great bush five or six feet high, covered with hun-
dreds of flowers about an inch across. It is in its
glory about July 1st at Philadelphia, and by the
tgth the flowers are half gone.

If you want armfuls of yellow flowers for cutting
any time from June till frost, puta dozen
plants of Anthemis tinctoria in your vegetable
garden. The border is the place for garden
effect.

One day last July we were astonished to see a red
columbine covered with flowers two months after
the wild columbine had gone. The Mexican
columbine (Aquilegia Skinnert of Philadelphia
seedsmen) will grow in an ordinary border, whereas
the wild columbine requires rocks and good drain-
age. There are doubtless several different kinds
offered under the name of A. Skinneri, for one
dealer calls it yellow, another scarlet, and a third
crimson. It seems to be hardy as far north as
New York, and we suspect that it can be made to
flower the first year from seed by starting it in July.
We measured some flowers 24 inches long. Imagine
a plant four feet high covered with such flowers all
the month of July! About 80 per cent. are said to
come true from seed.

Great interest is expressed by every one who has
grown the Dropmore Anchusa, which many people
consider the most striking blue flower for the hardy
border, not even excepting the larkspur. It has a
more refined color than other anchusas. Other
kinds open blue, and are a dirty color as they fade.
The Dropmore variety reverses this, being a poor
color at first, but afterward a vivid gentian blue.
It grows four feet high and blooms before the lark-
spurs in June or July. The basal rosette of leaves
is also very lusty and striking. W. M.

A New Idea in Potting

DO not think it is generally known among

flower lovers that the most successful potting

of plants for winter bloom is done during the long,
hot, dry weather in July and August.

I had been taught to pot house plants during a
rain if possible; and many a drenching have I
joyfully submitted to for the sake of getting a nice
lot of plants well started.

And indeed, during the rains, not a leaf would
turn; but when the sun came out each and every
plant looked too sick to live; and in most instances
a few days proved it true of them.

My theory is this, that during our yearly dry time
in the early summer, the roots shrink and shrivel
somewhat, and draw near the surface for the super-
ficial watering given daily, so that when lifted dry
into pots, and thereafter kept well watered, they
are all ready to respond to treatment, and go right
ahead with growth and bloom.

Therefore, on August 20, last year, I had potted
enough petunias, geraniums, heliotropes, snapdrag-
ons, etc., to fill my conservatory, and with few
exceptions all have done well.

Massachusetts. ELIZABETH T. PERKINS.

279

Domesticating Bulbous Irises

AVING dug and pondered, and then dug and
pondered some more, both in the ground
and in horticultural publications and magazines,
on the question of how to domesticate the bul-
bous irises — Spanish and English—TI arrive at
the celebrated conclusion of the famous German
philosopher concerning the essence of the soul,
“T do not know, I cannot know, and it is doubtful
if it would do me any good if I did know.”

I prize these irises as highly as I do tulips and
almost as highly as I do daffodils, but they are
transients. After looking through files of maga-
zines and a number of books, I find that these
irises require a light, sandy, well-manured soil
and that they must have full sunlight. This I
have given them but they grow for two seasons
very well, after which time they seem to starve.
Such growth as they make is healthy, but the
bulbs are small and do not bloom. Different
depths of planting do not seem to make any material
difference. ;

One English work recommends annual digging
and replanting. Another work of equal authority
says to leave them undisturbed and when, through

Irises give a magnificent show during June and
July. Plant them and see for yourself

impoverishment of the soil, they must be dug,
that they should not be left out of the ground
for any length of time.

I use these irises in a strip some thirty feet long
and two feet wide, the ground being carpeted with
Iberis Gibraltarica and sweet alyssum. They
give a magnificent show in June and July. As
the nature of my soil is not favorable to Japanese
iris, the English iris, much the same in size, shape
and color, makes a very good substitute but I
cannot induce it to domesticate itself. Reason-
ing by the process of elimination, I think there
must be some food element lacking in the soil.
Irises seem to appreciate a top dressing of potash
salt but it does not prolong their existence.

At least one reader of this magazine would be
much interested in the experience of any one who
has naturalized, or even induced these irises to
grow for any length of time.

Illinois. S. R. Durry.

A Lawn Enemy

Gis is often killed by white grubs which eat

off the roots. Every effort should be made
to kill the grubs. Kerosene emulsion poured into the
ground where the evidence of work is seen is an
old-time remedy, and pouring in a tablespoonful of
carbon bisulphide would be effective.

Maryland. i5}5 13 ts (Ge

How to Plant Orchard Trees

ON’T let this spring go by without planting
an orchard. It is so easy, it is not a big
item, yet the results in a few years are astonishing.
If, before, you have been disappointed in results
because varieties purchased were not true to name
or you were not acquainted with the qualities and
characteristics of certain varieties and made a
mistake in planting; or, if you did not set out an
orchard but intend to do so next spring, stay in doors
on cold days and plan next season’s campaign.
It requires years and considerable expense to thor-
pughly establish an orchard, and one needs make
the correct start.

Let’s look at my own case: My orchard is in
Delaware County, in Southeastern New York,
where only hardy fruits are supposed to thrive
with ordinary care. Apples, pears, cherries,
plums and peaches were planted ten years ago
and the trees are now bearing fgood crops. The
orchard is located ona slope of ground having a
southeast exposure, and the soil is a clay loam
with good natural drainage. The growing sea-
son is usually from May 1sth to October, and
the temperature occasionally falls as low as 20
degrees below zero.

For the orchard, a 3-acre field was selected on
which corn had been grown the previous year,
and the soil had been fertilized with stable manure
and well cultivated. It was not over-rich but just
in good condition for planting: Early in spring
the trees were ordered from the nearest reliable
nursery which had similar climatic conditions.
We bargained for the trees during the winter, even
as early as January, for the first customers have
the chance to get the best trees, and bought only
first-class trees.

Cherries, plums and pears were planted twenty
feet apart each way and the apples from thirty
to forty, according to variety. During the last
five years the cherries and plums have borne good
crops. The pears and apples which at first bore
only a small quantity of fruit are now producing
very good crops.

A section of the successful home orchard which had good cultivation. The neighboring orchard left
untended had no trees to be photographed!

Conditions are almost ideal here for apples.
King, Northern Spy, Spitzenburg, and Newton
Pippin live long and bear well. The sour cherry
seems at home here, but the sweet varieties live
but a few years and then die. Japan plums,
planted on the high ground, are hardy and even
the tips of the twigs do not winterkill. About
every third year they bear very large crops; other
years the crops are light, due to the early bloom
being injured by spring frosts. English and
native plums usually bear an ordinary sized crop
every year. Hardy peaches bear small crops.
High feeding and cultivation, which would increase
the amount of fruit produced, would probably
make the trees so tender that they would partially
winterkill.

The cost of the orchard, $55.50, was as follows:

30 one-year-old cherry trees, $0.25 each $ 7.50
50 two-year-old plum “ auSie 7.50
Ontario alae pean gammy sae) 10.00
50 “ce “ce “cc apple “cc 15 (73 7.50
12 peach trees, $0.25 each 3.00
Plowing, harrowing, furrowing and laying

out ground for planting TO.00
Estimated cost of planting 10.00

The trees were bought direct from the nursery
at wholesale prices. It is a great saving to buy
50 trees at the rate quoted for 100. Both trees
and labor are higher now than formerly and a
similar orchard would now cost one-third more
to set out.

Cultivated crops, such as corn, berries, etc.,
were grown between the rows for the first four
of five years and the money they brought at market
more than paid for the cost of cultivating, fertiliz-
ing and pruning the orchard until it came into
profitable bearing. After four or five years in
sod, the trees now indicate lack of food, and the
orchard will be cultivated and fertilized with raw
ground South Carolina phosphate rock composted
with stable manure.

ANOTHER KIND OF PICTURE
A neighbor planted his orchard at the same

280

time as I did mine, the trees were bought from the
same nurseryman, at the same time and from the
same lot. His trees were planted in sod ground
by an inexperienced workman and neglected.
Cattle, rabbits, rats and mice destroyed part of
the trees, and lack of cultivation and fertility and
no protection against insect pests have partially
killed the others.

From my own experience in establishing a smal.

A Montmorency cherry tree ten years old. A tree
oi this size will bear annual crops of from fifty to
one hundred quarts

orchard I would advise the selection of a slope or
knoll, choosing high rather than low ground, which
had been planted to cultivated crops the previous
year. Ascertain which varieties of fruits thrive
in your own or similar localities, and buy these of
the nearest reputable nurseryman where the trees
have been growing in climatic conditions similar
to those of your own locality. If your ground
is not ready, order one-year-old trees and grow
them in nursery rows while the ground is being
prepared. Make the soil rich enough to grow a
good crop of corn, and plant the trees early in the
spring before the leaves start. Cultivate the
ground in some way for several years. Protect
the trees from insect enemies and animals, and put
a woven wire fence around the orchard.

The following varieties of dessert, or high quality
tree fruits, have proved to be well adapted to the
climatic conditions in this region;

Early apples: Sour Bough, Yellow Transparent.
Fall apples: Strawberry, Victoria Sweet, Fa
Pippin and Fameuse. Winter varieties: King
Spitzenburg, Seek-no-Farther, Newtown Pippi
Jonathan, Swaar, Northern Spy.

Early pears: Clapp’s Favorite.
lett and Bosc. Winter: Anjou.

Cherries: Montmorency and English Morello.

Plums: Reine Claude (or Bavay’s Green Gage),
Bradshaw, German Prune, Abundance, Burbank,
Wild Goose.

Peach: Champion.

New York.

Fall: Bart

W. H. JENKINS.

JaNuaRyY, 1911 THEY GARDEN MAGAZINE 281

ENGLISH SEEDS

for

AMERICAN
GARDENS

By APPOINTMENT

SUTTON’S
SEED CATALOGUE

mailed direct from

Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. NEW YORK

The evergrowing love of EnglishFlowers and Vegetables which

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THE KING’S SEEDSMEN.

If you are planning to build, the Readers’ ;
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By RUDYARD KIPLING

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The Riverman

JANUARY, 1911

si 3

More About Fall Planting

I READ with much interest the various reports

in your symposium of experiences concern-
ing fall planting, published in the October, 1910,
GARDEN MAGAZINE. :

I have been connected with and interested in the
nursery business for nearly half a century, and in
that time have observed some changes and have
myself adopted some innovations that, at the
beginning of my career, would have been consid-
ered heretical.

Joseph Meehan, in one of the trade papers
preaches, in season and out of season, the advantage
of September planting for deciduous trees, and
almost without any limit as to variety. Some
years since I tried the practice with a thousand
or more Norway maples, an easy subject, with
marked success, but discovered that certain injury
resulted if all the leaves were taken off. It is
necessary to leave a few at the tips of the branches,
and on no account to allow the roots to become
dry.

Indeed, if this precaution is taken, one can
plant almost anything, at any season, except
during the period of rapid and succulent growth,
though deciduous trees are in best condition for
planting when the leaves are matured and are
falling naturally — in this latitude in latter Octo-
ber or November.

No hard and fast rule can be followed since
what is good for one species will kill another out-
right. Jf the leaves are stripped from a silver
maple or plane tree in Septembez and the tree
then transplanted, it will either die or will grow
only from the trunk near the ground. Indeed,
these trees need not be transplanted at all to be
seriously injured; stripping them of foliage will
give disastrous results.

Unquestionably these and many other trees
can be safely transplanted in spring only, or in
very late autumn. Peach trees, too, can be moved
only with safety at such seasons; never in Septem-
ber. On the other hand cherry trees are much
better planted in autumn, as soon as possible after
the foliage is matured, or in very early spring.
No rule can be proclaimed as final and conclusive,
but taken all in all spring is undoubtedly safest
and best, and notwithstanding the declarations of
your correspondents in favor of autumn, it is a
safe guess that they themselves do nine-tenths
of their planting in spring.

SUMMER PLANTING

There may be much planting done in the summer
and autumn, if you choose proper subjects and
do the work ia a proper manner. The best season
of the year in my opinion for planting all spruces
is July, after the season’s growth has sufficiently
matured. The trees will root immediately and
will make a much stronger growth next year than if
transplanted at any other season. It would be
almost fatal to practice the same advice with
junipers and retinisporas.

The past summer and autumn have been, in
this locality, the dryest ever known, so I post-
poned planting spruces. But about the middle
of August there was quite a shower one night and
an overcast sky the next morning, with more prom-
ise of rain, and I immediately began work. By
noon I had transplanted more than 2,000 trees.
By that time it was clear and a stiff wind blowing.
All promise of rain had vanished. Everyone of
those trees is alive to-day and rooted. Another
shower two weeks later tempted me to continue

JSANUARY, 1911

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The latest books on travel and biography may
be obtained through the Readers’ Service

283

C=
THOROUGHLY
Thorough spraying is a crop insur-
ance of the strongest kind, but you cannot
spray thoroughly unless you use

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represented in each
Sprayer
we sell.

Every Fruit Grower
should send for our
Booklet—

**How to Spray—
When to Spray
What Sprayers to
Use’’

It goes into the subject
of sprayers and spraying
mixtures very thorough.
ly. We’ll be glad to mail
it to you upon request.

lt Udshha OM 774

N THE GOULDS M’F'G, CO.
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SOLD DIRECT. Write for literature, prices, etc.

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Own A Greenhouse

WE. are sure that the reason more people don’t
own greenhouses is because they have only
a vague idea of their possibilities. Take, for ex=
ample, the question of an Orchard House; it is only
natural one should get the impression that they
must be huge affairs, costing a mint of money.
But it’s not so! This little house shown, is plenty
big enough for a goodly fruiting of apples, pears,
peaches, plums, nectar-
Ines and cherries, as
orchard house trees are
the dwarf kinds and
grown in pots and tubs.

Fruit so grown is most
delicious and is really
one of the cheapest of
crops, because the house
is run at a low temper-
ature and so requires
but little artificial heat.
Half the year you can
use it as an orchard
house and the rest of the time for
other things.

Many there also are who would
like to grow orchids, but they be-
lieve them to be prohibitive in
price. So the rarest are, but why go

Reme

Curved Eave House erected for Mr. E. Eiseman, Far Rockaway, L. I, 10

in for the rare ones when there are such wonderfully
beautiful varieties costing only $2.00 to$5 00 apiece?
Wouldn’t you be willing to spend $1.500, $2,000
or even $2,500 for an indoors garden where youcould
cut armsful of roses or have from it a constant array
of blooming plantsin every room of your residence?
Wouldn’t you think it worth the price to have a
compartment filled with beautiful plants like the one
below, where you could
walk in and enjoy them
on 1aw, bleak days when
all nature is gray and

depressing looking?
Wouldn’t you like to
extend the fun you had
in your summer garden,
right through the win-
ter? Wouldn’t you like
to work off an occasional
grouch “tendinggarden”’
one of these thor-
oughly built, splendidly
equipped houses of ours? Yes, and
yes again you answer. All right

then, send at once for our New Cat-
alog, “Some Greenhouses We Have
Built,” and select the house you want
and let’s talk business together.

5 bi =a

Interior of Mr. J. F. Flannagan’s tropical house at Newton, Mass.

Lord & Burnham

New York
St. James Bldg. Tremont Bldg.

Philadelphia
Heed Bldg.

Chicago
The Rookery

Boston

ANC 16,000 Barrels of Apples

ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI,

were raised and marketed by two inexperienced men, from an orchard that for the
past fourteen years had not produced a fair crop. Their success is due to the use
of orchard heaters last spring, and proper spraying methcds. The complete story
of how they handled this immense crop from early spring until it was on the
market, will be found in The Fruit-Grower’s

Orchard Heating Number

the largest fruit publication in the world. This splendid issue will tell you the ex-
periences cf those who have used orchard heaters with suceess. It will tell you
things about fruit growing that yououghtto know. Itsmonthly crop reports save
subscribers thousands of dollars. If you have only one fruit tree, it will tell you
how to get the most from that one tree. If you have any interest at all in horti-
culture, you should see that The Fruit-Grower is a regular visitor at your home.
lu It is the best investment you could possiblymake. Subscription price, $1.00 a year.

Good hings Coming Box 65,5

The Fruit-Grower, Box 65, St. Joseph, Missouri.
The December issue is the annual ‘‘fruit market’? number; the

Gentlemen: I enclose $1.00, for which enter my subscription for
the coming year, and send me the November and December issues.

January issue will be devoted to “‘spraying;”” Ft bruary to “zarden-

ing and poultry,’’ March to “‘small fruits,” etc, Every issue is

filled from cover to cover with timely articles that mean dollars in

the pockets of every reader. (Note—we send the November and

December issues FREE to every one sending ina subscription
for 1911, FiLL OUT THE COUPON; MAIL IT TODAY

I ish hase live-stock
984 | crip ease ne Mane 19. 18: 1D) 15, NI me Januany, 1915

oe work, and nearly 1,000 trees were then planted.
SEEDS FOR YOUR ] 9 1] ] G ARDEN They, too, are looking well but I do not consider }

their condition as good as the first. I have planted
tulip trees in December — large trees, too — with

A Season’s Supply, 33 large pack- $1. 00 perfect success. Indeed. the whole matter of plant- }

ets, Vegetables and Flowers for ing is so largely dependent upon the condition of
fiend a uy Ball hae ee ee, soil, weather and how the work is done, that no
ust send a dollar bill fo: is sreatcol ta on receipt, yo
don’t consider it the biggest dollar's worth of seeds you ever received, Sp ecific time can be positively stated as being
return it and we'll return your money !! TREE two large packets— the best.
best sendard vegetables andy some ahs -class Ee ot send meats But, speaking generally, the best’ season is
ure we a one oun of either Livingston s 1 op-lNotc! 1xture oO}
Tall Nasturtiums ry Lavnneeton? s Special Mixture of Finest Sweet Peas, after the maturity of the season’s growth; in |
The 33 packets come to you by mail postpaid. You couldn't buy a the case of deciduous trees, when the leaves are 4
collection like this at such a price anywhere in the country. falling naturally or have fallen; and in the case t
‘ite nee is Ge only ee se about a ee é git the 22 of evergreens, when they are at rest from active
ackets retail at cents eacl e remaining Ppackel regular Jc. si s
alte) you buy for 20 cents in this collection w hich i ds absolutely the growth. Spring best answers these requirements |
best bargain we ever offered. Every reader of the ~ Garden Maga- as a whole, and it is therefore the season when
zine’ je eould take Bdvanbeee of te You can easly raise 50 Dollars most transplanting is done.
worth of vegetables from is collechon and we can prove it.
Just the thing for a backyard garden. All packets contain sufficient I urge, however, that every one embrace the
opportunity to plant i in autumn, or any time they
can, anything in the condition indicated herein,
using care and a fair degree of judgment.

seeds for repeated sowings of ten foot rows.
Long Island. THEODORE FOULK. s

Thirty-two large packets of 32 kinds Vegetable Seeds
What to Do with a Girdled Tree

and one ounce of Flower Seed for One Dollar.
pes year hundreds of young fruit trees
are destroyed because the bark is gnawed
off by mice or rabbits. If the bark is removed
entirely around the tree it will die unless prompt
attention is given it. Sometimes bark can be
grafted on, in place of that removed by, the rodents,
but this requires some skill and is considerable
trouble.

In order to save trees which have been girdled
and to ensure early recovery, it is necessary
in all cases to cover the wound with fresh soil
and remove at least half of the top. The ob-
; ES shu a ject in covering the wound with fresh soil is

e OP a LO ae to prevent the wood from drying out and to
Landscape Gardening ONS ae Ee allow new bark to form, rather than to assist
: ple Ee ee in the formation of new roots. The danger to
A course for Home-makers and So é a girdled trees is from summer and not from winter.
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig ie p iy When, girdled at the surface of the ground the
and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell ne sy, oe _ | dirt may be hilled up above the wound without
University. é oD ides i difficulty, but when the injury is higher up some-
Gardeners whounderstand up-to- Sy Es ae : _ | thing will be required to keep the soil in place.
date methods and practice are in ly Pe lta Last winter we had three trees in a row entirely
demand for the best positions. & C7, | | girdled by rabbits. All were provided with or-
A knowledge of Landscape Gar- —— W oo | | dinary tree protectors, but they were rendered
dening is indispensable to those a Y cy SRE _| | useless by the snow which drifted six or eight
who would have the pleasantest icy : ' | | inches above them. ‘These trees were not girdled
Pror.Craic homes. Bae: j
250 page catalogue free. Write to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. C, Springfield, Mass.

JedveW'd duivc raves davivatvdedveyeeve WN ERNY tr

“$100 Livinasron’s $100: 1 Beautiful New Catalog Free
| Big One Dollar Collection It’s different from most seed catalogs you know. _ No overdrawn

SE EHGICESE pictures and sumptuous descriptions, but just plain facts about “true

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expetienen. The 130 page book is bound in handsomely lithographed
Fant res iets ei Leadicg Veaetetics ia
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covers, contains colored insert and nearly 300 “ true-to-nature ’” illus-
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“* quality seeds "’ and valuable culture directions make the book a safe
guide to a good garden.

White for this catalog to-day—you need it and we can mail it
right away. A postcard will bring it.

The Livingston Seed Co.
459 HIGH ST., COLUMBUS, OHIO

AAARARIAN ARRAN

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a.

Conservation.

Conservation has become a watchword and is.on every tongue. When its novelty has passed and
we come to consider its true meaning, we shall find that conservation of the resources of the soil of our
farm lands is the most important element in the whole subject.

The American farmers have been a race of unconscious soil skinners.

Now, we want not only to conserve productivity, but to restore some of that removed. We must
get down to facts.

One fact often lost sight of is that we can double the value of clover and farm manure by supple-
menting them with

Potash and Phosphates

thus mal:ing a complete and balanced fertilizer. This is true soil building as well as plant feeding.
IT WILL PAY, FOR POTASH PAYS

We will sell you Potash through your dealer or direct, in lots from one bag (200 lbs.) up.
Write for prices.

GERMAN KALI WORKS, (0? voice block Chiceres i

ee tae BO a ty fle a

A box was built around this girdled tree and filled
with soil to protect the exposed wood. The tree was
headed back severely

JANUARY, 19i1

Lined with Cabot’s Sheathing Quilt”
Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, Arch'ts, Chicago

Make Your Buildings Frost-Proof
BY LINING THEM WITH

Cabot’s Sheathing “Quilt”

“QUILT” is not like common building papers. It
is ten times warmer than the best and costliest
papers, and incomparably warmer than the cheap
ones. It is a matted lining full of dead air spaces
and keeps out the cold in the same way that a
bird’s feathers do. It costs about 1 cent a foot
and will pay for itself over and over again in say-
ing fuel, and in protecting stock, poultry or stored
fruit, and you and your family from discomfort
and doctor’s bills.

Send for free sample and name of nearest
agent.

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., 1 Oliver St., Boston, Mass.

Also Cabot’s Creosote Shingle Stains
Conservo Wood Preservative

LOOK OUT
FOR SPARKS

No more danger or damage from flying
Sparks. No more poorly fitted, fimsy fire-
place screens. Send for free booklet
** Sparks from the Fire-side."’ It tells about
the best kind of a spark guard for your in-
dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free
booklet and make your plans early.

The Syracuse Wire Works

f 103 University Avenue, - Syracuse, N.Y.

——— That's all that is necessary if you use the time-saving,
labor-saving, all metal, rust-proof and leak-proof
Illinois Self-Watering Flower Box

You will have better, hardier, longer-lived plants. Our box is for in-
door or outdoor use. It is inexpensive and so/d on jo days’ FREE
trial, Descriptive booklet FREE.

ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING CO.

33 Dearborn Street Chicago, Ill.
117 Winston St., Los Angeles, Cal.
Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., Dist. for N. Y., N. J. and Pa.

A Wonderful Farm Tool

CLARK’S =szsr DOUBLE ACTION CULTIVATOR AND
at — HARROW. The most wonder-
—— = ful farm tool ever invented.
Two harrows in one. Throws

the dirt out, then in, leaving
the land level and true. A
laborsaver, a time saver.acrop
maker. Perfect centre draft.
Jointed pole. Beware of imitations and infringements.
Send today for FREE Booklet, ‘‘Intensive Cultivation.”’

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.
902 MAIN STREET, IIGGANUM, CONN.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

For injormation regurding railroad and steam-
ship lines, write to the Readers’ Service

285

“PUT A STOP TO DEPRECIATION —BUILD WITH CYPRESS AT FIRST!”

THE WOOD THAT LASTS
BE FIRS T—with wise

~ SHALL

HAL

vg tani

Some people have no bungalow, but everybody has a Bungalow hose. The WOOD you
use determines your Investment value. Use CYPRESS, of course. The plans you build
from decide its Artistic value. Vol.18 of the CYPRESS Pocket Library (FREE to you)
contains Complete Specifications and Working Plans (worth $10 to $25 and sufficient to
build from) for a beautiful CYPRESS Bungalow costing about $3000. Write Today.

Why not FIND OUT what CYPRESS can do for YOU, NOW?
** He who uses Cypress builds but once.’ 4

WRITE US—ASK YOUR OWN QUESTIONS—about big
needs, or little ones. You can rely on detailed and reliable 5
i counsel if you address our ‘‘ALL-ROUND HELPS DEPT.”’ K(Sa5

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION

1209 HIBERNIA BANK BUILDING, NEW ORLEANS, LA.

We are producing CY PRESS — and #alking it — but not retailing it. BUY IT NEAR HOME
Probably your lumber man sells CYPRESS; if not, WRITE US, and we will tell you a nearby dealer who DOES.

HARDY NORTHERN GROWN NURSERY STOCK

WE GROW EVERYTHING FOR PLANTING THE HOME GROUNDS
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF

Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses «« Herbaceous Perennials,Etc.,Etc.

Our New Illustrated and descriptive Catalogue for the asking

THE BAY STATE NURSERIES, NORTH ABINGTON, MASS.

5 Cis ae
aS 35537 were i> BZ Ee Liz b=
Fall setting here. Order now our hardy, thriity,
se Peach, Apple Trees, Berry Bushes, Roses, California Privet — anything in
the nursery line. Millions of plants and trees ready. Handsome catalogue
contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart. It’s free. Send now for it.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, _ BoxT _ MOORESTOWN. BN. J.

Do you intend to build a pouliry house?
Write to the Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

——$$—_ LLL LLM MM MA llc
Q
Z;

p

Sore chen “

This Greeniioiee Is 11 Feet Wide and Stone

How would one like it suit you> A truly surprising lot of flowers and

vegetables can be grown in such a house and additions are easy enough
to make any time it gets too small. It is located right handy by the house.
Why not do the same with yours? But don’t invest a dollar in a greenhouse
until you know the U-Bar kind. There is not another house like it, nor
can there be, for we are the sole U-Bar builders. The patent is ours. Send
for the catalog. It tells and shows you just what you want most to know.

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

U-BAR CO.
1 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK.

PIERSON
‘DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS

y
\

QM

S
S
SS
S

S

THE BEST
FARM
LOCATION

east is now the unequaled section.

To the man looking for a home
where productive lands, favor-
able climate and abundant rain-
fall make the best paying farm
locations in America, the South-
Land from $5.00 to

"Se

THE STEPHENSON
LT oe

TAGE MARK

Underground $40.00 an acre near to the heart of the country and close

Garbage to the best markets. The largest returns from alfalfa and

Receiver other hay, wheat, corn and all truck crops. Lands unsur-

Freezing and thawing passed for stock and poultry raising, and dairying. For

garbage means epidem- fruit growing no region is more profitable. The South-

, ics. In this receiver east has opportunities for every kind of farming. The

panei freeze, ats: CORES) O! Teisy Cannes Bor ee ING Southern Railway will help you to find the desired

A light pressure of the foot opens cover. Deep, galvan- location. Send for “Southern Field” and other publi-
ized bucket holds everything. Cheavest in the end. cations to

M. V. RICHARDS
Land and Industrial Agent, Southern Railway
1322% PENNSYLVANIA AVE., WASHINGTON, D. C.

“ft HAVE SO LITTLE FUNGUS

that I cannot afford to mark my fruit with Bordeaux,’’ says Mr. Geo. T. Powell of Ghent, N. Y., a grower of
“‘T have less scale and finer foliage than ever before.” REASON : Six years consecutive use of

‘* SCALECIDES

cheaper, more effective and easier to apply than Lime Sulphur. Send for Booklets, ‘“Orchard Dividends”’

and ‘‘Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading and Packing Apples.’’
PRICES e in barrels and half barrels, 50c. per gallon; 10 gallon

e cans, $6.00; 5 gallon cans, $3.25; 1 gallon cans, $1.00
If you want cheap oils our ‘‘CARBOLEINE?”’ at 30c. per gallon is the equal of anything else.
B. G. PRATT CO., MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS, 50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY
| HE only pruner made
that cuts from both
sides of the limb and does not
the bark. Made im all
We pay Express

Also receiver for ashes and refuse. Set flush with floor.
SOLD DIRECT. Write for literature, prices, etc.
C. H. Stephenson, 40 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass.

fancy apples.

|} RHODES DOUBLE CUT
/ PRUNING SHEAR eee

bruise

styles and sizes.
charges on all orders.
Write for circular and prices.

Pat’d June 2, 1903.

RHODES MFG. CO.,
GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

JANUARY, 1911

The headed-in tree shown on page 284, as it ap-
peared in June. Note the vigorous growth

at the base but about eighteen inches above the
ground.

The first picture shows how, after the snow had
settled considerably, it was dug away to allow a
box to be built about the tree. This was filled
with soil to prevent the newly exposed wood
from drying out. The tree was also headed back
severely. The second picture, taken about the
first of June, shows the vigorous growth that fol-
lowed —from eighteen to twenty-four inches.
The third picture shows another tree in the same
row that was girdled which was boxed in the same
manner but not headed back. This tree lived but
made no new growth. In June it was headed back
and immediately commenced to grow.

Towa. Frank C. PELLET.

This girdled tree was boxed in the same way but
not headed back. It lived but made no new growth

eS eb eet le.

Write to the Readers’ Service for
JANUARY peo Ti at H E G A R D E N M A G A Fj I N E ariehiiis Ghoul ican donsfuriitieré

Ste,,

Plant Your Garden
Seeds In It Now
$250 Buys It

It will pay you to buy this greenhouse right now
and start your flower and vegetable plants going.
Your garden will then be six weeks ahead this year.

Next fall you can bring plants in before frost and
have a flower garden all winter. No hobby is
more delightful, none so inexpensive. House shipped
teady for immediate erection. Price inc'udes every-
thing—even the boiler—no extras, Send at once

for booklet.
IFIITCHINGS & : : | 1170 BROADWAY, N.Y.
NORTHERN GROWN PERENNIALS

T sell shrubs, trees, vines, perennial plants and flower seeds
for ornamental hardy gardens that have withstood the rigid
test of cold Vermont weather. I know they have the consti-
tution to stand cold climates. Save yourself the annoyance
of having your plants killed the first hard winter. That is
what happens to plants grown in more southern localities.
My new catalogue is ready with the new year. It tells

about just the plants you should have. Send for it now.
FReDERICK H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont.

SUN A beautiful illustrated book-
DIALS let “WHERE SUN DIALS
ARE MADE” sent upon re-

ANYTATITUPE quest. Estimates furnished.

E. B. MEYROWITZ, 111 E. 23d St., New York
Branches, New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris

Stokes

»EED
Standards

You'll appreciate my new
Igi1 seed catalogue.
It gives full descriptions of the choicest
and most profitable farm and garden
varieties and shows photographs of
actual results that have been obtained
from these seeds. Also valuable in-
formation about how to get the best
results and other facts that will be
helpful to you.

Write for it today. I’ll gladly send it free
if you mention The Garden Magazine.

For 10c. in stamps or coin I’]] also send you
three 10c. packets of seeds, one each of my
unequaled Bonny Best Early Tomatoes,
new sparkler White Tip Radish and orchid
flowering Sweet Peas.

Walter P. Stokes

Dept. A. 219 Market St., Philadelphia.

Send postal for 1911 catalogue. Witt1am HENRY
Maute, 1721 Filbert Street, Philadelphia.

Selb EINK Martin 4% Sembrich
McCormack Tetrazzini

Why do these great artists all

make records only for the VictorP

If only a few of the world’s greatest artists made records exclu-
sively for the Victor, it might signify little. But when such famous
singers as Caruso, Calvé, Dalmores, Eames, Farrar, Gadski, Ger-
ville-Réache, Homer, Journet, Martin, McCormack, Melba, Plancon,
Schumann-Heink, Scotti, Sembrich, Tetrazzini, Witherspoon and
Zerola a// make records exclusively for the Victor, it is not only a
splendid tribute to the high musical qualities of the Victor, but the
most conclusive proof of its all-around superiority.

Hearing is believing—go to-day to the nearest Victor dealer’s and hear these famous
artists sing their greatest arias. You'll be astonished at the wonderful results secured by
the new Victor process of recording.

Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., U.S. A.

Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors
To get best results, use only Victor Needles on Victor Records

And be sure to hear the

Victor-Victrola'=”

New Victor Records are on sale at all dealers on the 28th of each month

Write us and we will give you some zood pointers. We will
also send information about Guns and Rifles.
4. Stevens Arms & Tool Co., Dept. 281, Chicopee Falls, Mass,

Maule’s Seeds 92", 2°" | DO X28 TO BE A BETTER SHOT?

: = = = = = = = —
2 HARDY “BLIZZARD BELT” FREE.
EA GIANT Sirawberry Piants
oS Everybody likes fine strawberries, and to prove that our new GIANT variety
is the largest and strongest grower, as well as the heaviest fruiter, we offer

to send you TWO PLANTS (worth 30 cents) absolutely FREE. Wehave
picked 12 quarts of fine berries from a test bed grown from but two GIANT

plants set the year before. Youcon doas well, and at the same time raise
young plants for a new bed. If you care to send 1ocents for mailing expense,
we will add 6 BABY EVERGREENS 2 years old, and send all to you at proper
planting time in the spring. It will pay you to get acquainted with our
“HARDY BLIZZARD BEL'”’ Trees and Plants.

Write to-day and we will reserve the plants for you and send you our
catalogue by next mail. Address

THE GARDEN

“The Clear Track”

Two men a thousand miles apart
talk to each other by telephone
without leaving their desks.

Two wires of copper form the
track over which the talk travels
from point to point throughout a
continent.

Moving along one railroad track
at the same time are scores of trains
carrying thousands of passengers.

The telephone track must be

clear from end to end to carry the
voice of one customer.

The Bell system has more than
ten million miles of wire and reaches
over five million telephones. This
system is operated by a force of
one hundred thousand people and
makes seven billion connections a
year—twenty million “clear tracks”
a day for the local and long dis-
tance communication of the Ameri-
can people.

The efficiency of the Bell system depends upon
“One System, One Policy, Universal Service.”

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

Gill

ett’s Ferns and Flowers

For Dark, Shady Places

There is no corner so shady but that ceriain ferns and plants will thrive
there, Vhereis no soilso lightand sandy butthat some of our hardy wild

ferns will beautify it.

For 25 years we huve been growing these hardy ferns

and flowers and know what is suited to each condition. Wecansupply
fernsfor the dark corner by the porch, or ferns and flowers, including our

native orchids,in quantity, to make beautiful country estates. Wet and
swampy spots, rocky hillsides, dry woods. each may be made beautiful by
plants especially adapted to them. Nothing adds greater charm to the
home grounds than clumps of thrifty ferns. We also grow the hardy
flowers which require open sunlight —primroses, campanulas, digitalis,
violets, etc.

Write for my descriptive catalogue. It tells about this class of plants,

EDWARD GILLETT, Box C, Southwick, Mass.

MAGAZINE

January, 1911

Establishing a Small Orchard

VANS JANUARY is generally the coldest and

wettest month of the year, gardening
operations during that time are often determined
more by what we can than by what we ought to

do. It is preéminently the time for planting

deciduous fruit trees, for they thus get the benefit
of the winter rains and are better able to stand
the first dry, trying summer days.

In the small home orchard, which alone is
being considered here, it is economical practice
to hire a rancher to deeply plough and thoroughly
harrow the place to be planted, and to have this
done before your trees arrive. When the stock
comes unpack at once, dig a shallow trench with
one sloping side, lay the trees down with the
roots in this and cover them with soil. This
heeling in will enable trees, bushes or plants to —
remain unplanted without injury for some time.

When quite ready to plant dig the holes, as the
sun will either bake the sides or the rain fill them
with water if this is done much beforehand.
Throw the top soil on one side and the sub-soil
on the other, and make the hole big enough to
hold all the roots without twisting. If the soil

- is unsuitable either by reason of its heaviness or

hardpan bottom, blast a place for each tree,
both as an aid to drainage and to facilitate the
passage of future roots. This is done by boring
a hole in the soil with an augur, putting in a
half-pound stick of dynamite, attaching a fuse,
lighting it—and getting out of the vicinity at
once.

After trimming off any broken roots, stand the
tree in the hole, fill in closely with the top soil
and finish off with the under soil. Place no
manure around the roots, but put it on top where
its virtue will wash down to them and the straw
remain as a surface mulch. To compensate for
the loss of roots prune the tops after planting and
each successive winter so as to get a shapely
symmetrical head. :

What is true of planting fruit trees also applies
to ornamental trees and shrubs and to roses, all
of which may now be planted with advantage.
The fact that the whole Pacific Coast from Van-
couver to San Diego is very congenial to roses is
often made the excuse for digging a little hole,
stuffing a rose bush into it and expecting beautiful
flowers. It is true many climbers — for instance
such Noisettes as Lamarque, Madame Abel
Carriére, Réve d’Or and William Allen Richardson
and also Fortune’s Yellow and the yellow and
white Banksias— when once established, will
climb all over a cottage and give clouds of flowers
with practically no attention of any kind; yet
bush roses, which have not their vigor, will re-
spond to attention here as elsewhere, and top-
dressing with manure, pruning in winter for
spring bloom and in September for fall flowers
and a period of rest in midsummer will be followed
by much finer results.

A selection of bush roses for the beginner here
should include the robust cherry-red Ulrich
Brenner; the waxy-white but scentless Frau
Karl Druschki; the salmon-pink Madame Abel
Chatenay, than which none produces more fine
buds for cutting over so long a season; the low-
growing Cochet family in pinks and tinted whites;
Papa Gontier, crimson; and Marie Van Houtte,
creamy yellow and rose. The two latter do best
in California.

The worst mistake about rose planting is the
promiscuous use of them on the front lawn and
for divisional hedges — places where they look ~

JANUARY, 1911

Do Not Send
Your Money
To Any One

Do not pay freight. Do not risk one cent
on anybody’s “‘ game”’,

You can have, free of cost for trial, a Sharples
Dairy Tubular

The World’s Best

Cream
Separator

This offer is made to you
by the largest cream sep-
arator factory in the
3 world and theoldest
in America. Our famous
Tubular Cream Separators
are used in every dairy sec-
tion of the earth, are sold
on their merits and
guaranteed forever.
We can afford to
make this guaran-

tee and to make
this trial offer be-
cause we havebeen
building cream separators for thirty years and
our Tubular Separators are recognized as The

3 World’s Best.
ae aD
<e (is

Pr tens

@) j Write for Catalog
No. 215 and full

/@fe8 particulars.
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.

WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, Ill., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore.,
Toronto, Can., Winnipeg, Can.

WITH OR

SUN-DIALS

WITHOUT

PEDESTALS

Please send for catalogue of Sun Dials

H 29, also catalogue H 27 of Pergolas

and H 40 of Wood Columns.

HARTMANN-SANDERS CoO.
Chicago, III,

New York Office, 1123 Broadway

»
The Farmers’ Easy Record
A new, complete, simple and practical record of all transactions on the
farm, Designed by an expert, Thousands in use. Easy to keep. Will last
8 years. Everv progressive farmer should have it. Agents Wanted.
Send ior free specimen pages and Special Offer.

CENTURY SUPPLY CO., 62 State St., Rochester, N. Y.

ACOW mmAT
ACOW MmMMmnAT

KELLOGG PLANTS

Will Yield $500 to $800 per Acre

pe Kellogg 1911 strawberry book is the most com-

plete treatise on strawberry growing ever written.
It tells the farmer how to grow big crops of big, red
strawberries and how to sell them at big prices. No
matter where you live or what kind of soil you have, this
book will tell you how to prepare your soil, what varie-
ties to set, and howto manage the plants to insure best
results. One acre of Kellogg Thoroughbred plants grown
the Kellogg way will yield $500 to $800. Get this beau-
tifully illustrated 64-page book and learn how easy it is
to grow strawberries for market or home use. It’s free.

R. M. KELLOGG COMPANY, Box 690, Three Rivers, Mich.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

289

Water Supply That Costs
Almost Nothing to Maintain

Here is a water supply system for Country homes, farms, dairies, ranches,
abundant and constant supply of fresh water from any nearby stream, lake or well.

And its cost of maintenance is next to nothing.

“Reeco” Rider and “Reeco” Ericsson

HOT AIR PUMPS

—are absolutely dependable—Safe—Silent—Clean.
gas for fuel, at a cost of a few cents a day.

fi Neeco}; Engines have no yalvyes—no steam—no noisy exhaust. They require no engineer—
No expensive repairs. Once installed, a ‘‘Reeco’’ will give efficient service for almost a lifetime
with practically no expense but the small cost of fuel. More than 40,000 ‘‘Reeco’’ Hot Air Pumps
are in use throughout the world.

Adapted for elevated tanks or pressure tanks—sizes
dwellings or the largest hotels and apartment houses.

We take entire charge of installing “‘Reeco’’ Water Supply Systems.
us your requirements—we will let you know the exact cost.

Be sure the copyright name ‘‘Reeco’’ Rider or ‘‘Reeco’’ Ericsson is on
the pump you buy. Write to nearest office for descriptive catalogue U

Rider-Ericsson Engine Co.

35 Warren Street, New York. 40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia.
239 Franklin Street, Boston. 234 West Craig Street, Montreal, P. Q.
17 West Kinzie Street, Chicago. 22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N. S. W.

(Also makers of the famous “Reeco” Electric Pumps.)

that delivers an

Operated by hot air, with coal, wood, oil or

to supply small

Tell

Make the Farm Pay

Standard Among Drilling Machines

The oldest established manufacturers, the largest line of
drilling machines and tools, and 41 years of successful
operation in nearly every country in the world, make

American Drilling Machines

Standard the world over
For every possible condition of earth and
rock drilling and mineral prospecting we
make a drill especially designed for the
requirement.
\ Catalog No. 105, the most complete “drill
it hole’’ catalog ever issued, Free.

AMERICAN WELL WORKS

General Office and Works.
Aurora, Ill.
First National Bank Building

Complete Home Study Courses in Agrienlinre,
Horticulture, FlorienIture, Landseape Gardening, For-
estry, Ponltry Culture, and Veterinary Science under
Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof.

Craig of Cornell University and other eminent

teachers. Over one hundred Home Study
Courses under able professors in leading colleges.
250 page catalog free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Prof. Brooks Dept. G. A., Springfield, Mass.

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIDs in the United States

DyAVG EtRe cer Hevea Raew en
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N J. §

Is Your Milk Really Clean
or Merely Clean Looking ?

Strained milk all looks alike, it may be crowded
with germs, or positively sanitary. Straining takes
out the coarse dirt, but if the dirt and milk once become
mixed, the milk ts tainted and cannot possibly be cleaned
by straining.

The Sterilac Pail assures really clean milk,
because it keeps the milk and the dirt from ever
coming into contact. It is the only effective, /ow-
cost device for producing pure milk. Further-
more, it is better made and will last longer than any pail that you ever
owned. Try it at our risk.

Here is our offer: We will send a pail, prepaid-delivery. You try it for 10 days. If you are not

satisfied, send it back at our expense. If you like it, send us $2.50. Write us that you accept our offer,
and we will ship the pail. Specify a seamless pail if you prefer it, at an increase in price of 50 cents.

STERILAC COMPANY 2 Merchants Row, Boston, Mass.

Modern sanitary Milk Apparatus of all kinds.

a=

==

Chicago Office:

Note the strainer cloth on

which the milk strikes.

Note the dirt-shelf which
catches the dirt falling from
the udder. The projecting top
shields the strainer cloth from
falling dirt.

It is easy to use, becaure the
opening is of ample width.

It does not spatter.

290 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1911.

shabby three-quarters of the year. The only
satisfactory rose for hedges in California is the
» 4 n l a n t H i Cc k Ss single Cherokee, which retains its glowing foliage
oO XJ Cc a p at all times and is covered with big white flowers
| every spring.
January is an off month in the vegetable garden

Ev e rg re ens all th rou 2S h but in favorable years lettuce, cabbage, carrots,

turnips and peas may be sown on the drier lands.

W i n ter. H i Cc k S California. SYDNEY B. MITcHELL.
Methods Win

Nearby
Long Island deliveries art
made by wagon, Rail ship
ments are perfectly safe up
to 1,500 miles.

Wouldn’t vou a great deal rather have planting next to impossible to get men to plant them.
on your grounds done now when it is an easy Delay in planting is, of course, an injury to the
matter to get help, and the keane up of the tree. :
grounds does not leave an ugly scar that takes We have trees of the evergreen family in all
weeks to recover from, as it does in the spring? sizes from 6 inches up to 30 feet. With our
The ground is firm now and the injury will be the Big Trees you get an immediate result. It
least ‘possible. takes twenty years to grow a fair-sized
Pines, Cedars, and Spruces planted now will be tree. In the end a few of Hicks’ large ones
all ready to start growing w ith the first warm days will cost you no more than several small
of spring, which is . ones. You will
decidedly in the ion KS be surprised
trees’ yen ey to find out just
Another thing, how reasonable
there are still a lot our large trees
of people who wait are. Write us what
until spring before trees you think you
ordering their trees need and we will
and then they ex- explain to you just
pect us nurserymen how winter plant-
to ship them the ing is done and
very next day. send you a catalog
That’s out of the and advise what
question. Orders trees we feel best
must wait their adapted for your

tum; in the spring, Ae eR eae @ bee ae needs. Get your
y t, his hillside on Mr. mith’s place at Greenwic onn., we plante q T
everybody is rush with White Pines shipped in carload lots direct from our mollecaneieldet our ta Se: hy
ed. Whenthetrees )jthough planted among the rocks they now feel as much at home as ever. and the pick of
docome, everybody We can sell you little pines at five cents each, or big ones at $25.00 each the nurser y is
is busy and it is 22d upward. The large trees are big broad ones with horizontal branches yours
y and not the A-shaped bushes that look like mostany kind of evergreen. :

January Reminders

Des forget to make plans now for next
year’s garden and to order your seeds..
Be sure to include some of the novelties in vegeta-
bles and flowers. They probably cost a little
more than the standard varieties, but you will
never regret the money, for you will find much
pleasure in noting their growth. Do not depend
on novelties alone for all your vegetables and
flowers.

Spread a thin coating of well-rotted manure
over the asparagus beds now and it will induce
earlier and more tender growth. Do the same to
the vegetable and flower gardens if you have not
already done so and spade the manure in deep.

Set out onion plants during the latter part of
the month if they have been growing in the open
ground. Plants that have been grown in hotbeds
should not be set out until next month.

Frequently cultivate onions that have been
growing from sets as so to induce rapid growth.

Do not prune the grape vines later than the
middle of the month.

Isaac Hicks and Sons Wor.

IN THE LOWER SOUTH
LET ME SEND YOU MY FREE BOOKLET This is the best time for planting garden peas

and for sowing sweet peas in the open ground.
Put pansy seed in coldframes or hotbeds.

Set out cabbage and cauliflower plants; also con-
tinue to sow seed of beets, radishes, turnips and

Describing a full list of varieties with prices. Also INSTRUCTIONS FOR PLANTING AND CULTURE | carrots. If you failed to plant hardy lilies in the
of STRAWBERRY, RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY, CURRANT, GOOSEBERRY and GRAPE | fall, plant them as soon after January 1st as possi-

PLANTS; also ASPARAGUS and RHUBARB ROOTS, ble
All Stock Warranted First-Class and True-to-Name or MONEY REFUNDED. : : . &
Cc. E. WHITTEN’S NURSERIES BOX 10, BRIDGIIAN, MICHIGAN. The end of the month is an excellent time for

planting out pomegranate bushes provided they

Empire Ki
the pire Ning
He who attempts to grow fruits without aSprayer
is handicapped. Blight and bugs, rot and rust,
mold and mildew, all conspire to damage the crop, and in
nae all cases succeed if the farmer does not spray. This is the only
hand pump having automatic agitator and brush for cleaning strainer. Valuable book
iit of instruction free. FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.,, 48 Eleventh Street, Elmira, N. Y.

=

For Liquor and
Drug Using

A scientific remedy which has been
skilfully and successfully administered by
medical specialists for the past 31 years

AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES:

Hot Springs, Ark. Atlanta, Ga. Grand Rapids, Mich. Philadelphia, Pa. Providence, R. I.
Los Ang les, Cal. Dwight, Il. Manchester, N. H. 812 N. Broad St.

San Francisco, Cal. Marion, Ind. Buffalo, N. Y. Cclumbia, S. C. : -

West Haven, Coun. Lexington, Mass. White Plains, N. Y. 4 Pittsburg, Pa. Winnipeg, Manitoba The pomegranate blossoms from April to July; the
Washington, D. ©. Portland, Me. Columbus, 0. 4246 Vifth Ave. London, England ~ fruit is ready for eating the last of September

SS ER

=

7; x The Readers’ Service will give inj li
JANUARY, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE pio Vie ilaiee HORSEMEN ERITee ei 291

EE

— Pleasure, Pride and Profits
from gardening are to be had only when proper tools
are used. Lhe busy man with but an hour each day
must make the most of his time. ihe woman who yardens
should have the most convenient tools, and tor the boys and
girls who help, the tools should be simple, reliable aud
easy to handle. Start your next garden with the
No. 6 Comvined
weil cand Wr idl
Seeder und
Double and Single Wheel Loe.
Can be used in several unusual, but necessary’
combinations to plant, weed, cultivate, ete.
Saves seed, time and labo: and helps to raise
a better crop. An economical and satisfac-
tory investment. Used and recommended
everywhere for many years Price $12.00.
\ Other garden tools from $2.50 up. Yo
~ commemorate our 75th Anniversary,
we have built a 64 page catalogue,
with detailed illustrations and {ull
descriptions of our complete line
cffarm and yarden tools, in-
cluding potato machinery,
horse hoes and cultivators,
orchird tools, etc. Free.
Bateman Mfg. Co.,
box 5355

Grenloch, N.J.

SENT FREE ON REQUEST

f

An annual compilation of information about the Subscription
Prices and Latest Bargain offers of the Leading Periodicals

ESTAS SPE

A

HARVEST OF
M AND |
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booklet showingour beds and farm, and learn how
to grow mushrooms for big profits in cellars,

stables, sheds, boxes, etc. Surprising returns from |
smal} space with little expense. . Markets waiting for al: AG
youcan raise. Previous experience unnecessary. We make ‘ %

25 ani sell the best spawn and teach you our methods free.

NATIONAL SPAWN & MUSHRGOM CO.
Dept. 9, Wyde Park, Mass,

dence growing Mushrooms,

Ga Sheep Manure

Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad

odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden,
i ‘4 lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants.

4 0 0 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order.
e Delivered to your Freight Station.

V BNE Apply now,
NACE i ThePulverized Manure Go.,19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago.

Send

| TREES AND SEEDS Al.
THAT GROW Subscriptions

We celebrate our 25th anniversary

in the Tree and Seed Business this : (0)
year by offering our customers
Anniversary Collections. Send
your name and 1ddress to-
day for list of Collections Garden and
and Free Anniversary R Flower Seeds to
Garden Book, of 136 e select from. Best
pages. Alsoa Free e" quality fruit trees,
packet *Incom- ie large bearers, grafted
parable Let- stock, not seedlings. Ap-
tuce Seed,” ple 4c, Peach 6c, Plum,
the best e 15c, Cherry 12c._ Concord
ever. f Grape $2.50 per 100. Forest tree

Be SOE GH lO aoSSOk Gries _ If you have not already received a copy of this valuable
Money Saving Book send a postal today.

All kinds
of Farm,

Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y.

stock. Write to-day.
German Nurseries, Box 110, Beatrice, Neb.

FAIRFAX ROSES

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free
W. R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

z ; GEORGE H. PETERSON |
eke goud, caxe ROSE AND PEONY SPECIALIST

jaunts as FAIR Lawn, N. J.
spray them

one neg- { this spring
1 d S=ne i ERTS Over half a century of fair dealing has given our products that
CB IEEE f ETS prominence which merit deserves. Everything of the best for

Orchard, Vineyard, Lawn, Park,
Street, Garden and Greenhouse

Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Roses, Shrubs, Small Trees, Etc.

You’ll have plenty of first-class fruit

for yourfamily, with some to sell. Deming San ere : by mail postpaid—safe ariival and satisfaction guaranteed. For these send for Catalog No 2, 168 pages.
ks drequladewnis iti andiwilltase ter sears if eeore Bas * Hundreds of carloads of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Evergreens, Shrubs, Hardy Roses, etc.
eae ARO AGRO Ask your dealer or write us. CEO He SNM poe * Catalog No. 1 for these, 112 pages. Both FREE. Immense stock of SUPERB CANNAS, the queen of
Pumps for all uses; agencies in principal cities. bedding plants. Acres of P@umias and other Hardy Perennials. Direct deal will insure you the

best and save you money. 57 years. 44 greenhouses. 1,200 acres.

THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Box 61, Painesville, O.

THE DEMING COMPANY, 820 Depot Street, Salem, Ohio

The Readers’ Service gives
injormation about investments

292 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 191i

Away with mystery!
You have aright to know what
your roofing is made of. That’s the

real way to make sure it will last.

Genasco
Ready Roofing

is made of Trinidad Lake asphalt—Na-
ture’s everlasting waterproofer. You know
this natural asphalt will last in a roof.

The Kant-leak Kleet insures against
leaky seams. Does away with cement.
Supplied with Genasco, when specified.

Look for the trade-mark at your dealer’s.
Mineral and smooth surface. Insist on Genasco.
A written guarantee—if you want it. Write for
samples and the Good Roof Guide Book.

THE BARBER ASPHALT
PAVING COMPANY

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.

PHILADELPHIA

New York San Francisco

Cross-section, Gen2sco Smooth-Surface Roofing
Trinidad Lake Asphalt
=—= == Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt
Trinidad Lake Asphalt

JOHNSON’S KLEEN FLOOR FREE

Send postal for sample to prove that it takes out floor stains without injuring
the finish and that you can restore original beauty to any hardwood floor,
stairs, etc. Send postal now for Booklet Edition G. M. 12

Chicago

S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Racine, Wis.

For durable painting of all kinds use National Lead Com-
pany’s Pure White Lead (Dutch Boy Painter trade mark).

“€ Dutch Boy Paint”’ Adviser No. 95 92 request FREE
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY 111 Broadway, N. Y.

RAY&LANM,

FLORIDA

Ns

“The Universal
Perfume”

A floral water of abso-
lute purity and enduring
fragrance, in use for nearly
acentury. Peculiarly
refreshing and reviving for
all toilet purposes ; match-
less forthe bath; the finest
thing after shaving; in a
word, the most satisfactory
toilet perfume made.

ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE!
SOLD BY ALL LEADING DRUGGISTS

Sample mailed on receipt
of six cents, to defray
mailing charges.
Lanman & Kemp, 135 Water Street, New York

Proprietors and Sole Manufacturers

were not planted in the fall. ‘hey not only pro-
duce beautiful red flowers from April to July but
also delicious fruit which is ready to eat the last
of September. Pomegranates can also be grown
in the Middle South if given protection in the
winter, and further north they can be easily grown
in tubs like the Ponderosa lemon and the rubber
plant. A pomegranate requires about the same
care, but is hardier than either of them.

If you intend to graft any trees, do the work
towards the last of the month.

In the southern part of Florida watermelons
and muskmelons may be planted after the middle
of the month. Be sure the soil is free from the
wilt disease, or else plant wilt or blight-resisting
varieties.

Georgia. THOMAS J. STEED.

Rock and Water Gardens: Their Making and

Planting. By the late F.W. Meyer. Imported by
Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1910; pp. 227;
51 illustrations. Price, $2.00 net.

A complete exposition of not only the two
subjects of the title, but wall and heath gardening.
The numerous illustrations, some of them show-
ing work in progress, are particularly helpful in
character.

Pansies, Violas, and Violets. By William

Cuthbertson. Frederick A. Stokes Company, New
York, 1910; pp. 116; 8 color plates. Price, $.65.

Historical and cultural data of one of the most

charming races of plants, with an interesting list -

of the principal species of viola and a terse calendar
of operations. The color plates are uncommonly
fine.

Sweet Peas. By Horace J. Wright. Frederick
A. Stokes Company, New York, 1910; pp. 116; 8
color plates. Price, $.65.

Uniform with the preceding, but less applicable
to American conditions so far as cultural direc-
tions are concerned. A carefully compiled list
of fifty standard varieties is included.

Children’s Gardens for Pleasure, Health and

Education. By Henry G. Parsons. Sturgis &
Walton Co., New York, 1910. Illustrated; 222 pages.
Price $1.00 net.

The way to start and conduct a garden is very
clearly told in this book. The book is especially
adapted to the needs of those desiring to start com-
munity gardens. :

Platters and Pipkins. By Mary H.° Krout.
A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1910; no illustra-
tions. Price $0.75 net.

The book is a collection of chapters, each treat-
ing of a different room or part of the house. The
aim of the author appears to be to uplift the work
of the housekeeper from the dead level of monotony
and “must be dones” to a romantic and exciting
experience.

Among School Gardens. By M. Louise Greene.
The Charities Publication Committee of The Russell
Sage Foundation, New York, 1910. Illustrated; 380
pages. Price $1.25, postpaid.

The most comprehensive book yet written on
children’s gardens. The growth of the movement
is followed and details of the work in various places
are given; also a bibliography, method of work,
prices of labor and material, and such like minor
points that one usually fails to find.

Try M. H. Brunjes & Sons’

Superior Seeds

We are sure they
will more than
please you. For
only roc in U. S.
stamps or coin we
will send a regular
full size packet of }
each of the follow-
ing:

Beet, Improved Blood
Turnip, Lettuce, May
King Radish, Scarlet
Turnip, White Tipped
Aster, Queen of the
Market mixed Sweet
Peas, Finest mixed

and a copy of our new Seed, Bulb and Tool cata-
logue. Remember these are regular, full size
packets and should not be compared with those
sent out in some collections. Send for the cata-
logue anyway. It is a large, handsome book of 80
pages superbly illustrated and contains valuable
information for every gardener. A copy will be
mailed free to all.

M. H. Brunjes & Sons
aa ae ee

WATER ON TAP

Always and everywhere you want it, pumped from stream, pond or
spring. No expemsc for power, no trouble, no repairs, water raised 30 feet
, for every foot of fall, when you install a

FOSTER suit RAM

sold with written Guarantee of Satisfaction or your
money back and freight refunded. Thousands used—
all highly endorsed.
FREE BOOK shows how to install, gives full
particulars and valuable water-supply _sugges-
tions. Prices and plans
for your needs furnished
gladly,

Power Specialty Co.
2135 Trinity Bldg.
New York City, N. Y¥.

1581 Myrtle Ave.,
Bruoklyn, N, Y,

FLORICULTURE

Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul-
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell
University.

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and
Vegetables, as well as Flowers Under Glass.

Personal Instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue Free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Prof. Craig Dept. G. F., Springtield, Mass.

at all seasons

at ee Mushrooms Growingin yourCellar

J in postage stamps together with the name of your
40 cts. dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
= manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of

; Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN
the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raisings
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

a

‘Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn.

RAPEVINE

Largestock. Bestvarieties. Best Grade. Guaranteed true.

e
Special Offer

We will send, postpaid, 10 strong, hardy, two-year-old

GRAPEVINES—best varieties, red, white and black—for $1

Just the kind for planting around the house, along
fences, orin the garden. Wealso offer five three-yoar-
old vines for $1.00. Will bear year after planting.
Our valuable book, how to plant and prune,
free with every order. Mention this paper and
we’ll add free one new, large, red currant.
T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY
Grapevine Specialists
364 CenTRAL Ave., Freoomia, N.Y.

Established 44 years

JANUARY, 1911

ICK’S Garden
and Floral Guide

1911 Edition Free to You

This Guide has justified its name to our
friends for 62 years. It will appeal to you
just as strongly as to them.

Tells all about Vegetable and Flower Seeds,
Plants, Shrubs, Trees, etc. No matter how
large or small a plot you plant, you will need
Vick’s Guide. Your copy is waiting for you.

Write for it today—Now

JAMES VICK’S SONS, 362 MAIN STREET
Rochester, N. Y.

‘A BIG $2 OFFER — 5 ¢
ns On KEITH’

'|72 page monthly magazine
jfor a year with your choice
W of any one of Keith’s famous

$1.00 PLAN
BOOKS FREE

—_— Keith’s Magazineis the recog-
nized authority on building

No. 37—$2200. Onsofthe 215 and decoratingartistic homes.
Each issue contains 8 to 10 plans by leading architects. Subscription $2
ayear. Inselectinga plan book get Keith’s witha reputation behind it.

Keith's 1911 Big Plan Books, direct or through Newsdealers $1.00 each.

216 Bungalows and Oottages 175 Plans costing $5000 to $6000
200 Plans costing $2000 to $4000 A25i9 ist 28 6000 and up.
17% fe 4000 to 6000 100 * Cement and Brick.
Any one of these $1.00 Plan Books FREE with a year's subscription $2.00.
A year’ssub. to “Keith's” and any 2 books $3.00; any 5 books, $5.00
M. L. KEITH, 633 Lumber Exch., Minneapolis, Minn.

ATLAS cEMENT
MAKES THE BEST CONCRETE

If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas, write to

THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT co., = 'nauin
30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK

Largest productive capacity of any cement company in the world
Over 50,000 barrels per day.

HELP YOURSELF

To grow a beautiful flower garden, to
have lovely house-plants; to produce splendid blossoms. We

ave made special arrangements with the author of

HOME FLORICULTURE ‘32
A BOOK OF ABOUT 150 PAGES book

ASK FOR OUR CATALOGUE, WHICH TELLS

HOW IO GET THE BOOK WITHOUT COST TO YOURSELF.

to our customers.
Iowa Seed Company, Dept. 26, Des Moines, lowa

BUDS

High grade seeds, bulbs, plants, and implements. Every-
thing for the complete outfitting of the garden and home

grounds. SEND FOR NEW 1911 CATALOG.

BUDS

76 Barclay Street New York City

Grow Mushrooms
Vor Big and Quick Profits
I can give practical instructions worth many
dollars to you. No matter what your occupa-
tion is or where located, get a thorough knowl-
edge of this paying business. Particulars
free. JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM
5939 N. Western Ave. Chicago
and most

Largest 257: Stock of
Hardy Plants in America

Catalogue on Application

BELIOL TE

LARGE EVERGREENS

Give warmth and cheer to the Winter ‘
-landscape. PIONEERS in the growing and
MOVING of LARGE TREES ane SHRUB
BERY, our nurseries offer the fest selectzon
im America for lawn and garden planting.
Write for Catalog A.
THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS COMPANY
Est. 1848. Inc. 4603.
New Canaan, Conn.

NURSERY CO., Pitrspurc, Pa.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Ij a problem grows in your garden write to
the Readers’ Service jor assistance

Water Supply Service‘

IN \(° for any building—
. for any institution—
any place—anywhere

| |
(
{ No matter where you want water, or how much |
you want, or under what conditions you want

it, it will pay you to investigate the

\ 5

Kewanee System
of Water Supply

No city water system provides better water supply
service. With your own private plant—a Kewanee
System—you can have an abundance of water de-
livered under strong pressure, to all your fixtures
and hydrants—to the bathroom, kitchen, laundry,

lawn, stables, garage—anywhere.

Thousands of Kewanee Systems are in use
every day, year in and year out, for supplying
city, country and suburban homes, private and
public institutions, country clubs, schools,
apartment buildings, fraternal homes, factories,

towns, ete.

The Kewanee System is a high quality water
system through and through. It is the only
absolutely guaranteed no-trouble system ,

ey

Wx

Write for our Catalog No. 16 and
full information. Estimates and
engineering service free.

Kewanee Water Supply Co.
Kewanee, Illinois.
2089 Hudson-Terminal Bldg., 50 Church
Street, New York City.
1212 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, Ill.
305 Diamond Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa,

WV

Let us HELP YOU with your
Color Scheme

Whether your house is half-timbered, shingled all over or rough clap-
boarded, it should harmonize with its surroundings as well as being artistic
in itself. Our miniature stained shingles wil! enable you to decide, right on

j the ground, which colors are best.

Dexter Brothers’ English Shingle Stains

do more than beautify—they Zrotect adding years to the life of the wood.
And the colors will not fade. The secret lies in the use of the best English
ground colors mixed in linseed and our own Dexter preservative oils.

Write for booklet and sample miniature shingles TODAY.
110 Broad St., Boston, Mass.
Dexier Brothers CO. rranch Uffice, 1138 Broadway. N.Y.
Makers of Petrifax Cement Coating. 4

Agents: H. M. Hooker Co., Chicago, John D. S. Potts, 218 Race
St., Philadelphia, F. H. McDonald, Grand Rapids, Mich., F. T. ¥

Crewe Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash. and Portland, Ore.,
Carolina Portland Cement Co., Atlanta, Ga-, Birmingham and Mont- %
gomery, Ala., Jacksonville, Fla., Charleston, S.C. New Orleans La.

HEATH 2 TWITCHELL, Architects

Tacoma, Washington F. S. Coombs, Halifax, N.S., E. B. Totten, Security Bldg., St. L ouis-

Mo. AND DEAT FRS

294

The Best Spray Pump

Sprays the tallest fruit trees from the ground.
Not too heavy for low bushes. Sprays quickest
and best. Does the work in half the time and
does it thoroughly. Always ready. Used with
bucket, barrel or tank. Lasts a lifetime. No
leathers to dry up, wear out, or make trouble.

Warranted for 5 Years. Price $4.00.
It will not cost you a cent to try it. Our special
offer gives complete details. _ Write for it today
and we will also send our illustrated circular

showing how this pump pays for itself many
times over the first season.

The Standard Stamping Co.

274 Main Street Marysville, O.
A” “Nature’s

Plant Food”

—— In mid-winter all plant life needs assis-
SS

p SSS —>—~ tance. Bonora will give all plants active

7 pushing growth and make them bloom
| profusely. Now is the time to think of
what.your plants and flowers will be in
the spring. By an application of this
} wonderful material now, they will with-
| Stand the most severe winter weather, re-

Main in a fine healthy condition, and in
the spring bloom forth beyond the ex-
pectations of everyone.
Nothing equals it for greenhouse work.
| Endorsed by the greatest authorities.
| Your first trial will make you enthusiastic
Order from your dealer or direct. Put
upin dry form in all size packages as
fol!ows:

1 lb., making 28 gallons, postpaid, $0.65
Sls, Gwe © 2.50
Iolbs., ‘* 28 § 4.75

BONORA CHEMICAL CO.
488-492 Broadway,cor.Broome St.,N.Y,

THE GREATEST DISCOVER?) ||
‘OF MODERN TIMES.
PLANT Fi

Bonora CHEMICAL CO.

584 Baoaoway. New YORR

JOHN DAVEY
FATHER

fi
( and beauty. If they die because you fail
i to protect and succor them, more years

The saving of trees is the business and \
the profession of the Davey Tree Experts.

Mi John Davey, Father of Tree Surgery, is
their teacher and their guarantor.

A Beautiful Free Booklet

will be sent you if you have a number
mm of trees, either shade or fruit. How many
\ trees have you? What kinds? Where
located? Tell us this when writing.
Our men are working in the South I
for the winter, between eastern ff
Texas and Virginia. Write today.

The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc.
151 Oak Street
KENT, OHIO

Operating the Davey Insti-
tute of Tree Surgery y

The Readers’ Service will give you
suggestions for the care of live-stock

TRANSPLANTING DISTANCE

When transplanting to the garden, how far apart
should plants be placed?

New Jersey. B. EB. L.
—A_ good principle to follow in the spacing of
plants is to allow three-quarters of the ultimate
spread of the single plant. In this way a continuous
mass effect is obtained, with the least number of
plants. In growing vegetables allow a little more
than the maximum spread, so as to get a perfect
development of each individual specimen.

SHRUBS FOR SHADY PLACES

What are the best shrubs to plant in shady situa-
tions in the vicinity of Chicago?

Illinois. G. H.
—Philadelphus grandiflora and coronarius, For-
sythia intermedia and Physostegia opulifolius are
the best shrubs for shady situations around Chicago.
South of Chicago Forsythia Fortunez is also good,
but north of here the flower buds are usually winter
killed. Outside of that, however, Ligustruwm Ibota
does fairly well and barberry and viburnums are
good for shady situations. Vo Jo

PRUNING CURRANTS AND GOOSE-
BERRIES

How are currants and gooseberries pruned?
Washington. J. S. McC.
—Remove the old wood after it is three or four
years old and allow only a limited number of new
canes to grow. These canes should be strong
and upright, so as to carry the fruit high that it
may not be spattered by heavy rains. If the canes
are low it is well to mulch the bed while the fruit
is ripening; but this must be removed immediately
after the fruit has been picked, so that the roots

may not be drawn to the surface.

SPRAYS FOR THE ORCHARD

In an orchard containing apples, currants, goose-
berries and grapes, what sprays are used?

Pennsylvania. F. O. M.
—Spray currant and gooseberry bushes with pow-
dered hellebore, one tablespoonful diluted in two
gallons of water. Or use Paris green at the rate
of one teaspoonful in the same amount of water.
Spray apple trees with Paris green, using a quarter
of a pound to fifty gallons of water. Apply just
before the flowers open, and again just after the
petals have fallen. If bugs appear on the grape
vines, spray with Bordeaux mixture and Paris
green.

PRUNING CLEMATISES

Does it make clematises more healthy to prune
them back to the ground every year; and, if so, is
the spring or fall the best time to do it?

New York. A. H.
— Clematises of the montana, cerulea, florida and
lanuginosa types should be pruned in February
or March, by cutting away all weak, straggling
and overcrowded branches. ‘The first three flower
from the ripened wood; it is essential, therefore,
that to secure blossoms, enough of the strong, one-
year-old wood be retained. Viticella, Jackmani and
lanuginosa should be vigorously cut back, say in
November, because they blossom from the new
shoots. Those of the cerulea type should be pruned
very little, soon after the flowers-have disappeared,
by trimming off the useless branches and seed-
bearing peduncles.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Save Money and
Get Best

Trees, Roses, Vines,
Plants True to Name,

yp

by ordering direct from our nursery.
We have no tree agents to pay, but
give you that advantage in prices.
Send for our

A

©
Tee

pal

ILLUSTRATED
FRUIT BOOK. It’s Free.

It contains everything you want for
the orchard, garden, lawn or park.
Send for the book to-day stating-where
you saw this advertisement, and we

will also mail you a copy of

st

We

WWI
eS
Dea

Te

yar

o——

=:
ae

Os,
i

Green’s Fruit Magazine

Green’s Nursery Co.,
7 Wall St., Rochester, N. Y.
Established 25 years,
Capital, $100,000 00
(> Now is the time to order.

Ty
Ny
M

NENA

JS
AN

> Le “ KIO As

Tree Doctor
Adolph Jaenicke, Landscape Architect,
Floral Park, Long Island.

Now is the time to have the trees attended to. Prun-
ing and Spraying of fruit and lawn trees should be
done now. All work guaranteed.

L. J. FARMER
“THE STRAWBERRY MAN”

Now has plenty of time to answer questions
about berries and their culture, and suggest
what varieties to plant next spring. Write
him your wants. Send for essay on ‘‘ Fall
Bearing Strawberries.” 28 years’ experience.
Catalogue free.
L. J. FARMER
Box 129, Pulaski, New York.

Its Economy au Power

Startle the World! .

The Engine Runs on COAL OIL at a Fraction of Cost
of Gasoline

Thousands of these marvelous engines—in actual use today
—prove beyond question that kerosene is the engine fuel of the

future. The success of the “Detroit” Engine _§ “
is absolutely unparalleled. i

Demand is overwhelming. . vene

Kerosene (common coal_oil) runs it with
wonderful economy. Kerosene generally
costs 6 to rsc less per gallon than gasoline—
and gasoline is still going up. Runs
on any engine fuel. Only three moving
parts. Lightand portable. Does work
ofengines weighing four times as much.
Runs everything.

The Amazing

“DETROIT”

The Kerosene Wonder—on 15 Days’ Trial—
Direct From Factory

Any engine you want, from 2 to 20 H.P., sent on 15 days’ free trial—
tested immediately before shipping and ready to run. If dis-
satisied—every dollar you have paid us for the engine cheerfully
refunded. Prices lowest ever known for high-grade, guaranteed engines.

The New Book is Ready—WRITE! Tells all about these new
wonders that mark a new erain engines. Special introductory price on first
“Detroit”? engine sold in each community. Quick action gets it. Address

| Detroit Engine Works, 229 Bellevue Ave., Detroit, Mich.

‘ The Readers’ Service will give
JANUARY Ball 911 as H E G AM R D 10) N M A G A Z, I N E TaD nEL GH AYO a Ave 295

Why Harris’ Seeds
are Surest and Best

Seed that grows—that gets right down to business and makes good
plants—that’s the only kind you can afford to sow. Its the kind you get
when you order from us, b-cause every grain of our seed has a pedigree
—it has made a record tor years, and we know just what it has done and
will do. Nearly all the seed we sellis grown right here, under our per-
sonal direction; after cleaning it thoroughly, we give it a careful ger-
mination test, to prove just how much of it is good. .When we've
found that out, \e print it on the packaze, so that

YOU CAN ALWAYS TELL HOW MUCH
OF OUR SEED WILL COME UP

Think of what that means. You can tell,
when you plant it, whether to sow thick or
ight; you can get just the stand you
want without resowing, without wasting
any seed, and, most important of all,
without wasting any time—waiting to
see whether it’s going to come up and
succeed for you. If you've been plant-

ing ordinary seed, try ours this year,

and notice the great difference —in
favor of Harris’ Tested Seed.

Write for handsomely illustrated
Catalogue, containing valuable in-
formation about Garden, Field and
Flower Seed, etc. Don’t fail to get
it before placing your order—we'll
: A gladly send it on request.

pRE 4 JOSEPH HARRIS CO., Box 84,
JOSERN cxowe Moreton Firm, Coldwater, N. Y.
p
1

2 The Label Tells

a0 How Our Seeds Grow

irect from Grower

The wonderful productions of Luther Burbank can gener-
\ ally be safely obtained from only one source—Fancher
Creek Nurseries. We alone are authorized to supply a
large number of his wonderful new trees and plants, and
purchasing these from us is alwaysan absolute guaran-
tec of their genuineness. The selection ot

FANCHER CREEK NURSERIES

for this purpose was made by Mr. Burbank only after
careful investigation had demonstrated our ability to
handle such work eficéen¢/y—our long experience, ré-
markably good facilities, and superior equipment
enable us _to grow the best trees, and tomake
prompt shipments—it is as easy and as satisfactory
to order from us as from your own town.
Handsome New Catalogue Free
Our new Price-List. attractively illustrated,
4 will be sent free to those who intend to order.
Our other publications are : “California Hor-
| ticulture,” a 120-page book telling Zow and
} what to plant; and ‘* New Products of
the Trees,’’ describing the recent in-
troductions of Luther Burbank. 25
t cents each, postpaid.

Fancher Creek Nurseries, Inc.
Geo. C. Roeding, Pres. & Mer.
Box B, FRESNO. California

\( G
es
AN ® ee FE
INSURE YOUR TREES

against the ravages of the deadly San Jose Scale and all other
parasites. Spray them now with

? CAUSTIC
GOOD’S vorasi WHALE OIL SOAP No. 3
contains nothing injurious. Used and endorsed by U. S. De-
partuent of pemeuiture and State Experiment Stations.
50 ibs. $2.50; 100 lbs. $4,50; larger quantities proportionately less.
Send postal for ‘‘Manual of Plant Diseases ”—free, y
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 931 N. Front St., Philadelphia

“TI cannot speak too favorably of The Complete Photographer.”
—A critic in New York Life.

The
Complete Photographer

By R. CHILD BAYLEY
For Professional and Amateur

Net, $3.50 (postage 22c)
Fully Illustrated

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

Planet Jr.

Free Guide to Lighter Work

’ The Planet Jr. 1911 illustrated catalogue is a com-

plete guide to lighter farm work, better crops and more
money. Every farmer and gardener should possess it as soon

as the mail can bring it. What’s the sense of drudging when

as you don’t have to? Write today and let this free book help
you select the labor-saving implements you need.

S. L. Allen & Co., Box 1108S, Philadelphia, Pa.

No. 4 Planet Jr. Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Wheel-Hoe, Cultivator
\\ and Plow is a real necessity in every good garden. Can be adjusted in a
moment to sow all garden seeds, hoe, cultivate, weed, and plow. Unequaled
for lightness, Strength and beauty.
No. 11 Pianet Jr. Double-Wheel Hoe has an important improve-
ment for 1911—a steel frame, making it practically inde-
structible. Adapted to many kinds of work. Al
Pays for itself in a single season. (

No. 4

No. 11

Bigger Fruit Profits

Here is a spray pump invented by fruit
growers. It was our endeavor to
secure the best spray pump to use
on our 300 acre fruit farm that
produced the

ECLIPSE

SPRAY PUMP

It overcomes every defect found in other
makes— it has proved itself best in actual
work. Putan Eclipse to work on your trees
and earn bigger profits. Write for our fully
illustrated catalogue. It tells why you
should spray — and why you should do it
with an Eclipse. It’s free. Write to-day.

LEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

The Greatest A BILUE ROSE

Rose Novelty The new Rambler (Violet Blue), very vigorous and
of the Century hardy, and free blooming.

Send for description and price.

ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

IRISH ROSES ® "yore" EVERGREENS

and HARDY PERENNIALS. Extra Sizes for Immediate Effect

LIBERAL DISCOUNTS ON LARGE ORDERS
Our Catalogue is a cyclopedia of information to the planter.
Nearly too photo-engravings.

63 Hamilton Place” ROSEDALE NURSERIES = 73.520R85..

A wonderful
new rose—

Climbing American Beauty

In this new variety we have produced a wonderful
plant. It has the same color, rich fragrance, and
large blooms of the American Beauty, with these
splendid virtues added.—{t is as hardy as an oak
and will thrive and bloom in almost any situation
where a climbing or pillar rose is desired. Itis a
perfect mass of bloom in June and produces flowers

ewoctenetanennce,

throughout the growing season. The leaves are

large, bright, glossy green, and entire foliage remain-
Se, § § ys

ing bright andattractive during the growing season.
Weareselling year-old plantsof this wonderful rose
atfz.0o each. Write for full descriptive literature.

Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Company

West Chester, Pa.

It is easy to grow fine hedges when
you plant Allen’s strong, healthy,
well-rooted plants. Our stock is

right and our prices are right.

California Privet (Ligustrum Ovalifolium) 2 yr., well
branched, strong 2 to 8 ieet, 85.00 per 100; &25.00
per 1,000; 18 to 24 in.,&2.00 per 100, %18.00 per
1000; 15 to 18 in., $1.50 per 100,812.50 per 1,000;
10 to 15 in. £1.25 per 100, $10.00 per 1,000.
Amur River Privet (Ligustrum Amurense) 2 yr.,
strong 2 to § feet, 85.50 per 100, 650.00 per 1,000;
18 to 24 in., 82.50 per 100, &20.00 per 1,000; 15
to 18 in., #2 00 per 100, 816.00 per 1.000. e
Spirea Van Houtti, 2 yr. strong, 2 to & feet, 815.00
per 100, %40.00 Bee 1,000; 18 to 24 in., $38.50 per
100, 880.00 per [,000; 12 to 18 in., $2.50 per 100,
#20.00 per 1,000.

Also a long list of other shrubbery and small fruit
plants. Get my catalog. It is free.

W. F. Allen, Salisbury, Md.

If you are planning to build, the Readers’
Service can ojten give helpful suggestions

THE GARDEN

THE
OSBORNES

BY E. F. BENSON

Author of “The Fascinating Mrs. Halton,” “‘Sheaves,”’ etc.

In this romance of a middle-class Eng-
lish family which buys its way into high
society, Mr. Benson has given us a rare
portrayal of human nature, searching, finely
drawn and warm with good nature. You
will love the Osbornes, mother and father,
for their whole-souled honesty and high courage in the great crisis of

their lives. Fixed price, $1.20. (Postage 12 cts.)

THE SECOND
CHANCE

BY MRS. NELLIE L. McCLUNG

Author of “Sowing Seeds in Danny”

Mrs. McClung has written a further account of Pearlie Watson, who figured so largely in “Sowing
Seeds in Danny.” And Pearlie is the same comical, motherly, unexpected, and altogether delightful
little Irish girl that made one’s heart grow warm and brought the smiles to one’s face every few moments.
Her experiences as she grows to young womanhood, and the way in which she makes the numerous
Watsons transform that run-down farm, “ The Second Chance,” are worth your while—and we know

if you read this book you will want to pass it on. Frontispiece. Fixed price, $1.20. (Postage 12 cts.)

Doubleday, Page & Co. Garden City, New York

The Fireless Cook Book

By MARGARET J. MITCHELL

This book explains in a simple way how to make and use this in-
vention, which has only recently become known, but has already proved
itself a real labor-saving, economical implement.

Including, as it does, 250 recipes, the volume must soon become a
necessity to all up-to-date housekeepers. Nineteen pen-and-ink drawings.

Net $1.25 (postage, 12c.)
Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, New York

MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1911

PROTECTING THE GARDEN FROM
BIRDS

How can I make birdlime, so as to protect my
garden from the ravages of birds?

California. 1, 1D):
—Birdlime is a thick, sticky substance made by
boiling the bark of the English holly. When the —
proper consistency has been reached, smear it over
twigs and place them wherever the birds are likely
to alight. The birdlime entangles them and they
may then be caught. It is but rarely used in the
United States, and we do not know of any place
where it can be obtained; but if it is possible for you ~
to get the bark you can very easily make it yourself.

CHINESE PRIMROSES FOR EASTER

Chinese primroses started from seed in Septem-
ber ard now in 3-inch pots, are about three inches
high, and not budded. Do you advise throwing
them out or carrying over until next year, and if
the latter, what method would you follow?

New York. Io (Co Se
—Chinese primroses now in 3-inch pots and not
budded are very useful at this time. Potted now
into 5-inch pots, they will make very nice plants
for Easter and later. They will grow fast, but are
best kept in a temperature of from 50 to 55 degrees.
Chinese primroses are not satisfactory when kept
over. Sow batches of seed from May onward for —
succession. Yo Abs Ss

WOOLLY APHIS ON APPLE TREES

I have an apple tree of which the leaves curl up
and become brown on one end. The undersides
of some of the leaves are also covered with a white
insect. What is it?

New Jersey. H. R. W.
—The tree is probably attacked by the woolly aphis,
which descends in the fall and winter to the roots.
Its presence can be positively determined by the
appearance of little woolly tufts in various places
along the bark on the trunk or on the branches.
The only thing to do is to burn all fallen leaves
and spray the tree several times during the season
with kerosene emulsion. A very successful treat-
ment of badly infested trees is to uncover the roots
in the fall and bury them with tobacco dust, over
which the earth is replaced. ‘The tobacco dust not —
only acts as a deterrent to the aphis but also as a
slight fertilizer.

STORING MANURE

My barn is an old-fashioned one, and I would
like to know of an economical and clean method
of storing manure. Should manure be hauled
almost immediately to the field and spread there?

New York. ; W.S. A.
—The cheapest and best method of storing manure
that we know of is to build a lean-to, making a
solid bottom by tamping with clay and making
the structure as nearly air-tight as possible with
tarred paper. The outside can be made like a
flat door so as to facilitate loading on wagons.
The general rules for preserving manure are to
spread it uniformly, keep out the air, keep it always ~
moist but not too wet and to protect it from extremes
of heat and moisture. The opinion of most chemists
and practical farmers is that it is best to apply
manure to the soil assoonas made. The fertilizing
constituents of rotted manure are more quickly
available to plants, more soluble and more readily
leached in a light soil. Fresh manure mixed with
the soil readily ferments, increasing the availability
of its own constituents and rendering those of the
soil more soluble. Professor W. H. Beal, of the
United States Department of Agriculture, says:
“The greatest return is likely to be gotten from
manure applied in the fresh condition. In light
soils there is considerable danger that some of
the soluble constituents will be carried away by
leaching and drainage if well rotted manure is
applied.” The constituents of fresh manure are
not in forms that leach readily. One of the best
plans for fixing the ammonia of stable manure and
increasing the value of the fertilizer by adding
phosphoric acid, is the sprinkling of acid phosphate
on the fresh manure in the gutters. The crop to
be fertilized should determine to as great an extent
as the soil texture whether the manure should he
fresh or rotted. Po EeBe

= : For injormation about popular resort
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE write to the Readers’ Service 297

JANUARY, 1911

oses of New Castile
iN

of men long trained in the special work of growing Roses.

garden Roses, strong, vigorous and healthy.

You will be surprised how easy a matter it is to have a splendid Rose Garden, if you plant the
Roses of New Castle. These Rose bushes produce an abundance of the finest of flowers, in the
most beautiful colors and tints. Think of the pleasure to be derived from your own Rose
Garden! What a fascination there is in watching the growth and development of the
different varieties! The small amount of outdoor work necessary for their care will re-
pay you many times over in renewed health and strength.

We send plants everywhere, with all shipping charges prepaid and safe arrival guaranteed. You
are saved the uncertainty of express charges, and know just exactly what the Roses will cost you
delivered to your door. To procure the famous Roses of New Castle it is necessary to send orders
early. We will carefully reserve them until you desire them shipped.

“THE ROSES OF NEW CASTLE”—FREE!

Fragrant, Beautiful, Valuab'e

This 1911 book is something absolutely unique in bookmaking. Each copy carries with it the per
fume of the beautiful Roses it describes. It’s the famous Rose-scented Rose Book, and is the hand-
somest work of its kind ever issued. Plan your Rose Garden now, and send for this great book. It
makes Rose growing easy by giving complete cultural directions. It prices and describes the best
Roses to plant and tells how to have a Rose garden of which you may have dreamed, but never
realized. By following the directions given and planting the Roses of New Castle—vigorous, sure-
to-grow plants—you will have an abundance of beautiful Roses. Send to-day for a copy of this
wonderful Rose Book. It is absolutely free—a post-card will bring it.

Send us the names and addresses of six of your Rose-loving friends and we will send you a great, lusty
FREE— plant of Jeannette Heller, absolutely the most magnificent, hardy, ever-blooming Rose bush known. It

grows and blooms everywhere. No Rose Garden will be ccmplete without this wonderful, beautiful
Rose. Take advantage of this free offer at once—to-day.

HELLER BROTHERS CO., Rose Specialists, Box 21, New Castle, Ind.

RE the most rugged, hardy Roses you can buy. They are grown in the
best Rose soil in America, here at New Castle, and under the direction
They are ideal

be aah y
e Greatest hardy ush +

Rose in' the world’.

The Conard and Jones Co., Roses
Guaranteed to Grow and Bloom.

“The Best Roses in America.” This is not an idle boast. Our vice president is
the foremost rose propagator of this United
States. Ever since the Civil War, when
this business was first established, he

has been developing rose culture and ins
producing the newest and best. His aurice
\ de Luze

genius, combined with the rich soil of
this unequalled rose country and our
mammoth modern greenhouses, has
made our roses excel in form, vi-
tality and loveliness. Weabso- {|
lutely guarantee every one to ?
live, grow and bloom.

FREE FLORAL GUIDE

We cannot tell you here all
about their wondrous beauty and
endless variety, nor about our many

ILL’S trees are healthy and hardy when shipped. They reach

you in a fresh, thrifty condition — sure to live and grow steadily.
More than half a century’s experience has gone into the growing of

other flowers, but we will with pleas-
ure send you this handsome illustrated
catalogue, from which you may easily select at
your leisure. By all means dropusa postal for it to-day !

We also issue that famous little book
“How to Grow Roses ” (1911 edition,
revised), full of accurate, helpful infor-
mation on selecting, planting, pruning and
cultivating the queen of flowers. Enclose
10c. when you write for the catalogue, and
| we will mail the two books at once.

The Conard and Jones Co.

E
50 Years’ Experience in Rose Culture Best ROSES
Growers for the U. S. Government AHERIC
Box 24 A., West Grove, Pa.

Hardy Evergreens
Trees — Shrubs

at the Hill Nurseries. Wonderful collections of rare and hardy trees
and shrubs for planting the home lawn and garden, for $3.00, $5.00
and $10.00.

Send for Hill’s Annual Catalog—Free to
“Garden Magazine” Readers

The 1010 edition of our great planting guide is the most complete, useful, practi-
cal nursery catalog ever published. Beautifully illustrated throughout with two full color
pages additional. Jt answers every important question that could be asked by the amateur
or experienced tree-grower. : :

We want you to have one of these catalogs, free. It is full of information about
planting trees for pleasure or profit. Contains many exceptional offers which will be
sure to interest you.

Write to me to-day. Your book will be mailed promptly.

D. Hill Nursery Co. Inc., Box 106, Dundee, III.
Founded, 1855

~
ma?”

sn Ij you are planning to build, the Readers’
298 Service can ojlen give hetpjul suggestions

A REMARKABLE OFFER OF:

HENDERSON’S SPECIALTIES

To demonstrate the superiority of Henderson’s Tested Seeds, we have made up six of the
best we have into a Henderson Collection consisting of one packet each of the following

great specialties.

Ponderosa Tomato
Big Boston Lettuce
Scarlet Globe Radishes

Henderson’s Invincible Asters
Mammoth Butterfly Pansies
Giant Spencer Sweet Peas

To obtain for our annual catalogue, ‘‘ Everything for the Garden,”’ described

below, the

largest possible distribution,

we make the following unusual

offer; To everyone who will mail us ten cents, mentioning this publication we will
mail the catalogue and also send our Henderson Specialty Collection as above.

EVERY EMPTY ENVELOPE COUNTS AS CASH

A This Collection is enclosed in a coupon envelope, which when emptied and returned will be
®\ accepted as 25c cash payment on any order of one dolar or over.

“EVERYTHING FOR THE GARDEN”

our rgrr catalogue, is without exception the best we have ever issued. 208 pages, 8 colored plates,
800 photo engravings, showing actual results without exaggeration make it the most complete as well

as beautiful horticultural publication of the year.

Also contains full cultural directions.

(35 &37
CORTLAND ST.

PETER HENDERSON & CO. corem> 57.

give an immediate effect.

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured !
years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
Pricé List Now Ready.

ANDORRA NURSERIES *¢

WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

It takes over twenty

CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

When using the “CHICAGO-FRANCIS ” Combined Clothes

NO DELAY TO GET THE CLOTHES DRY ON WASH DAY

A Modern Residence Laundry Room showing installation
of “CHICAGO-FRANCIS”’ Dryer and Laundry Stove

“Makes it only play to work a garden”
This is exactly what a Planet Jr. gardener says.
and gardeners think. They know the time and labor their Planet Jrs. save. Aren’t you

S ready to give up the drudgery of farm and garden? Planet Jr. implements are ready to f=}
lighten your labor, enlarge and better your crops, and increase your profits. Made by a tah "
practical farmer and manufacturer with over 35 years experience.
No. 25 Planet Jr. Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow
Opens the furrow, sows seed in drills or hills, covers rolls and marks out next row in one
Operation; and it has perfect cultivating attachments besides.

No. 8 Planet Jr. Horse-Hoe and Cultivator will do more things in more ways

than any other horse-lhoe made.
furrower, coverer, hiller, and horse-hoe; unequaled as a cultivator.
The 1911 Planet Jr. illustrated catalogue is
invaluable to every progressive farmer and
gaciener. 56 pages brimful of helpful hints on
abor-saving. Free and postpaid. Write for it today

S.L. Allen & Co. Box 1108S.Philadelphia, Pa.

Dryer and Laundry Stove. Clothes are dried without extra
expense, as the waste heat from the laundry stove dries the clothes.
Can furnish stove suitable for burning wood, coal or gas. Dries
the clothes as perfectly as sunshine. Especially adapted for use
in Residences, Apartment Buildings and Institutions. All Dry-
ers are built to order in various sizes and can be made to fit almost
any Jaundry room. Write today for descriptive circular and our
handsomely illustrated No. A 12 catalog. Address nearest office.

CHICAGO DRYER CO. DRYER MF’G CO.
DEPT. F 12 OR DEPT. F 12
385 Wabash Ave., CHICAGO, ILL. 204 E. 26th St., NEW YORK CITY

And he says what over a million farmers

Fully guaranteed.

Plows to or from the row. A splendid

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1911
A Japanese Spindle Tree

alatus) is a spreading symmetrical shrub
native to Japan and Manchuria. In cultivation,
it grows from six to eight feet high, and develops
a corresponding spread. The branches are numer-
ous and dense, and carry excrescences in the form —
of corky plates, which make the stems appear
four-angled, and distinguishes this particular —
species from the other members of the group. —
The foliage is neat in appearance, and of good
color. In the autumn, it is especially fine, as
it assumes a beautiful rose tint peculiarly its own. —
The flowers appear before those of the other
spindle trees and possess little ornamental value.

This hardy and vigorous shrub does well in any
good garden soil

They are yellowish green in color, usually borne
in three-flowered clusters and are partially con-
cealed by the leaves. The fruit which follows is
small, is supported by stout- stalks, and reaches
maturity the middle or last of September. The
pod is purplish and the aril covering the seed is
bright scarlet. While good in itself the fruit
does not make a display because it is small and
partially hidden by the foliage. The shrub is
perfectly hardy, vigorous and does well in any good
garden soil.

The features which make this plant desirable
are neatness of habit and goodness of foliage.
In summer the foliage possesses a certain richness,
while in autumn its brilliant coloring is delightful.

Massachusetts. Dante A. CLARKE.

Fragrant Foliage

De YOU love to brush against fragrant foli-
age? Wecan think of only three shrubs
that have it —candleberry, aromatic sumac, and
sweet fern. Candleberry or bayberry (Myrica
certfera) is in spring a sight for gods and men. It
generally holds its foliage through November, or
a month later than other deciduous shrubs and
is rich in bronze and wine-colored tones. - H. M.

There’s a Gold Mine in Your Garden—
A Dollar Opens It!

N these days of high living expenses, no practical

method of making and saving money should be over-

looked. Few realize the amazing possibilities in a
garden, even the very smallest; few are able to make
their ground ©

Punch Big Holes in Hucksters’ and Grocers’ Bills

as it should. Jacob Biggle’s new ‘‘Garden Gold’’ booklet
is especially designed to help the home gardener. It
shows how to coax dollars out of idle soil, and how to find both

ie FO con: profit and pleasure in “‘raising things.”’
EMEA few of tht If you own a garden, even if only a small back yard or out-of
35 subject headings are given J the way corner, you ought to have this book, and if you follow its
directions you can hardly keep yourself from making moneys

here to give you an idea of
how interesting and useful this
| book is: —

“The Kind of Soil to Choose” 6 4 we
]
“Planning the Garden”
| “Small Areas Most Profit-
able”

“ How to Enrich the Soil and

:

Keep it So”

| “The Secret of Drawing

Fertility from the Air”

| “Hotbeds and Coldframes

Help Dividends”

| “Easy Transplanting

Methods”

“Planting Pointers”

| “Method of Keeping Moist-

ure in Soil”

| “Qnion Raising”
' “Lettuce and Celery”
| “Storing for High Winter

Prices”

|' “Money on Back Yard

Fences”

Our Offer: }

takes up every side of gardening, from
buying the land down to marketing
your crop; it shows how to work your
garden mine, to make money, and
save money. It has no other purpose.
It covers all common vegetables, toma-
toes, corn, peas, beans, potatoes, celery,
radishes, asparagus, rhubarb—every-

thing that is raised for the home table,
together with some exceedingly profit-
able specialties. It never loses sight of
your needs as proprietor of a SMALL
garden; it gives the methods of success-
ful truckers, adapted to small-scale
gardening; it gives PROFESSIONAL
methods for AMATEURS.

“Garden Gold’’ is published by that great agricultural magazine, the Farm Journal,

the leader of the farm and home monthlies of the world.

The offer the publishers make

covers a subscription to this paper, with ““Garden Gold,’ because Farm Journal is quite

as necessary as the booklet to any garden owner.

It is unlike any other paper; 34 years

old, has 750,000 subscribers and more; tells the truth; is for the gardener, poultryman,
dairyman, fruit grower, farmer, villager, suburbanite, the womenfolks, the boys and girls.
Farm Journal is printing, just now, aremarkable series of articles called ‘“ Back to the Soil,”’

actual experiences of city men and women who have gone back to the country.

You need and should have this clean, practical, clever paper, regardless of what

you may think now.

Farm Journal for four full years
and “Garden Gold,” postpaid $1.00

Book and paper may go to different addresses if necessary

Think it over. You have never bought a bigger dollar’s

worth.

Use the coupon, please, and send _ today.

| FARM JOURNAL, 145 Clifton St., Philadelphia

FARM JOURNAL
145 Clifton Street, Philadelphia

GENTLEMEN:

I enclose $1.00 for which send ‘‘ Garden Gold,’ post-

paid and Farm Journal for four full years, to

I” .

aeeeeer

x

One Thousand Dollars

Ta

(including $250.00 First Prize for a letter of not more
than two hundred words)

Will be paid for the Best ¢6¢ 99
E pestene of ' The Reasons W hy

is the Largest Mail-Order
Seed Trade in the World

The cash will be distributed as
follows: First Prize, $250.00; Second
Prize, $100.00; Third, Fourth and
Fifth Prizes, $50.00 each; ten Sixth
Prizes of $25.00 each and ten Seventh

Prizes of $10.00 each, followed by thirty prizes of $5.00 each for the next best letters—making in all fifty-five prizes, amounting to one thousand dollars ($1000.00).

Our friends, the editors of three most widely circulated,

leading American agricultural and horticultural papers, have kindly consented to act as Judges. They

are: WILMER ATKINSON, The Farm Journal, Philadelphia; H.W. Cottincwoop, Rural New Yorker, New York, and P. V. Cotins, The Northwestern
ts" For further particulars see page 173 of BuRPEE’s NEw ANNUAL FOR 1911 —mailed free on application.

Agriculturist, Minneapolis, Minn.

“The Leading
American

Seed
Catalos”

‘* Better than ever”
for 1911!

The Thirty-Fifth Anniver-
Siry edition of this popular
“* SILENT SALESMAN ”’ tells the
plain truth about the Besr
SEEDS THAT CAN BE GROWN, —
as proved at our famous‘‘Forp-
HOOK FARMS,—the largest and
most complete Trial Grounds
in America. Handsomely
bound with covers lithographed
in nine colors, it also shows,
painted from nature, on the six
colored plates, leading special-
ties in unequaled Vegetables
and most beautiful new
Flowers. With hundreds of
illustrations from photographs
and carefully written descrip-
tions it is A SaFe GUIDE to
success in the garden and
should be consulted by every
one who plants seeds, either
for pleasure or profit.

Bee

Owned and now entirely occupied by us, afford unequalled facilities for
the proper execution of mail orders — promptly — without any delay!

Two other buildin<s to the south (including a double warehouse on Yerk Avenue) are not shown
in this illustration. The entrance to offices is at number 485 Nerth Fifth Street. Our New
DAYLIGHT ADDITION”’ has forty-two windows on each floor.

ke The Fisst BURPEE BUILDING (Seven Stories) was erected in 1898 upon the site occupied by
us sInce 1552.

We supply seeds each season direct to more planters than do any other growers,— and yet we employ no
agents, nor do we send out drummers to solicit orders. We seek the trade, however, of all who realize that in

seeds ‘‘The Best is the Cheapest.’’ We would be pleased to serve you and shall mail our co

mplete catalog

free if you are willing to pay a fair price for Seeps oF THE BURPEE-QUALITY. Shall we mail you a copy? If so,
kindly name The Garden Magazine and write,— TO-DAY!

In celebration of our TuirTy-FirtH ANNIVERSARY YEAR our Catalog presents several New Features,—one
of which is the following unusual offer,—Four of the Finest New Annual Flowers from seed—of which two can

be had only from us!

we will mail one regular fifteen cent packet each of Burbank’s most gorgeously brilliant
For jh) Cts. New FIREFLAME E eee Z

Poppigs,— both now first introduced and described by Luther Burbank on page 125 of our Catal

SCHSCHOLTZIA and the magnificently varied, gigantic NEw BurBANK
ogue — and a

ten cent packet each of the unique New ArricaN GoLpEN-ORANGE DAIsy (Dimorphotheca Aurantiaca) and
The Burpee Blend for 1911 of SuperB New Fancy ANTIRRHINUMS.

2" Thousands throughout the world who plant these new flowers will surely remember with pleasure for
months, the coming season, that 1911] is the Thirty-Fifth Anniversary Year of THE Burpee BUSINESS IN QuaL-

1ry-SEeEps!

For one dollar we will mail Five sets of these ‘‘Four Finest’? New Flowers,

—and to five separate addresses, —

if so directed. It goes without saying that if you are not thoroughly satisfied, you can haye your money back any
time within the year,— for such is the guarantee that goes with all Seeds purchased of

COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

The Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia

“The Burpee Business—a National Institution”

Through wise advertising,
splendid organizing ability and
enterprise that knew no imita-
tions, the BurRPEE establish-
ment has grown to be far more
than a mere mail-order house.
It is to-day a National Institu-
tion with a field and scope
reaching beyond and above the
county fair. — From Horti-
CULTURE, Boston, Mass., May
7, 1910.

i Try to visit us during the
winter or spring and doubtless
you will be interested in view-
ing the various departments,
beginning with the mail room,
where the entire time of the
Cashier, with six to nine will-
ing helpers, is occupied in open-
ing the mail alone. The letters
and postal cards sometimes —
number more than eight thou-
sand received ina single day!
“Let us talk together,’’ in
our mutual interests, —by an _
expenditure, on your part, of
only one cent tomail postalcard.

SEED FARMSIN
PENNSYLVANIA,
New Jersey

AND CALIFORNIA

CobyRAnT :310 BY

} ATLEE BURPEE & Co.
HE bugeee OSS PHILADELPH
}

Reduced Facsimile of Front Cover

W. Atlee Burpee & Co., Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia

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