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PALE
“GARDEN MAGAZINE

Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home

and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers

Volume IV
August, 1906, to January, 1907

7 EMTAEON AI
( OCT 29 1986 ‘

Gis RAIN

ra

NEW YORK
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
1907

a
*

“

i] H ye

ie DOUBI

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Volume IV—August, 1906, to January, 1907

Acer palmatum, 183.
Aconite, 34.*
winter, 135.
Adam’s needle, 16.
Adiantum, 183, 296.
Agapanthus umbellatus, 190.
Albee, Helen R., article by, 74.
Alcoholism, 9,
Alder, black, 235.*
All the Barberries Worth Growing, 122.*
All the Beeches Worth Growing, 58.*
All the Hollies Worth Growing, 234.*
Althea, 36, 142. é
Amaryllis, 188.*
Amazon water-lily, 71.
Andrews, D. M., photograph by, 280.*
Andromeda floribunda, 236.
Anemone, 28, 57, 132, 146, 277.
Japanese, propagating, 206.
Angell, Herbert E., photographs by, 20,27,
58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 75, 110,
114, [15, 117, 122, 158, 174, 177, 180,
182, 229, 248, 280, 281, 282, 292, 293.
Angell, I. M., articles and photographs by,
63, 128, 129. .
Anhalonium fissuratum, 278.*
Answers to Queries, 92, 160, 206, 260, 310.
Anthracnose on currants, 12.
Antirrhinum majus, 284.*
Aphides, 24, 65.
Aplectrum hyemale, 15.
Apple Fameuse, 67.
leaf-crumpler, 179.*
maggot, 42.
Apples protected for winter, 184.*
April, pink flowers for, 76.
seeds started in, 65.
Aquatic Plants, Best, The, 180.*
Aquilegia vulgaris, 74.
Araucarias, propagating, 312.
Arborvite, 16, 19,* 177.*
Ardisia crenulata, 243.*
Arethusa, 13, 15.
Arrow-wood, 16.
Artichoke, Jerusalem, 186.*
Ascension lily, the culture of, 162
A 6x 8-foot Garden, 228.*
Asparagus, 140, 225, 230.
all Winter, 52.
in baskets, 244.
medeoloides, 282.
planting 162.
plumosus, 282-283.*
propagation, 312.
Sprengeri, 231, 244, 282, 283.*
Asters, transplanting, 233.
Astilbe Japonica, 188,* 277.
Atomizer, 296.
Aucuba Japonica, 244.*
August, bulbs for planting in, 27.
pink flowers for, 76.
Plant Evergreens in, 44.
Automobiles and insects, 178.
Azaleas, 16, 57, 66, 225, 250.
Epsom Salts for, 228.*
for house plants, 231.*
Indian, 23,* 65.*
mollis, 23, 24.*
summer care of, 23.
Azolla Caroliniana, 182.

Bag worm, 225.

Banana, 183, 277.

Barberries, All Worth Growing, the, 122.
culture of, the, 148.
protecting, 177.*
Purchasers’? Guide to, 148.

An asterisk signifies that the article is illustrated

Barberry, The Common, 258.
Japanese, 16.
Bark beetles, 179.
Barnes, Parker Thayer, articles by, 23,
244,* 246, 278,* 298.
Barron, E. M.., articles and photographs by,
78, 140, 183, 294.*
Barron, Leonard, articles and photographs
by, 20, 63, 240,* 278.
Barron, L. & E. M., article by, 62.
Baskets, a plant for, 282.
Bayed Border, A, 16.*
Bean Poles Where There are no Poles,
231.
Beans, 9, 146.
Bedding, Ornamental, 19.
Bedding plants, making trees from, 94.
winter, 241.
Beds, bulbous, 110,* 117.*
Beeches, All Worth Growing, 58.*
Key to Ornamental, 86.
Beets, 184, 232.
Begonias, 66, 230, 277.
Bell-flowers, 74.
Berberis, 122,* 123,* 124, 258.
Berries, red, 234.
Betula alba, 241.*
Beverage, A Delightful Winter, 88.
Biennials, 30.
Birch, white, 241.*
Black alder, 260.
Blackberry, pruning, 57.
Black raspberry, 67.
Bladderwort, 182.
Blanket flower, 36.
Bleeding heart, forcing, 189.
Blue flowers, bulbs for, 119.
Bone meal, 200.
Bones, Utilize the, 310.
Book Reviews,
American Gardens, 266.
Dwarf Fruit Trees, 146. 266
Garden Color, 266.
How Ferns Grow, go.
How to Make a Fruit Garden, 266.
Seasons in a Flower Garden, The,
go, 266.
Some English Gardens, 266.
Spring Wild Flowers, 42.
Books, The Best Gardening, for Christmas
Presents, 266.
Bordeaux mixture, 12.
Border planting, effective, 110.*
Borders, keep tidy, 57.
Borer, currant, 12.
Bougainvillea, 25,* 26.
Box from cuttings, 162.
Box trees, protected, 177.*
Branch layering, 67.
Braunton, Ernest, articles by, 46, 80.
Brine for pickling, 76.
Brodiza, 57.
Broom, common, 242.*
Brown tail moth, 178.*
Budding, 69.*
Buds, propagating by, 69.
Bugs, Few in Clean Gardens, 40.*
Bulb beds, mulching, 196.
Some Suggestive, 110,* 116.*
Bulb culture, 154.
Bulbocodium, 134.
Bulbs and Perennials for
Planting, 188.
autumn-blooming, 189.
Cape and Dutch, 57, 66, 94, 277.
fall planting, 110.*
for August Planting, 27.*
for Christmas, 128,*

November

Bulbs and Perennials, forcing, 198, 277.
for house culture, 27.
March-blooming, 131,* 135.
planting, 146.
potted in October, 128.
store for winter, 140.
summer storage, I9gI.

That Bloom Outdoors in March,
131.*
using up forced, 117.*

Burlaps, bagging roses with, 177.*

Burning bushes, 285.*

Bur-reeds, 180.*

Business Man, Water Lilies for the, 70.*

Cabbage, 57, 146.
caterpillars, 40.
Cactuses, 230.
as House Plants for the Busy Man,
278.*
Cactus, making a cutting of, 298.
Cactuses and Desert Plants, 298.
Caladiums, 140, 312.
Calceolarias, 23,* 57, 65, 66.
California Department, 46, 80, 146.
Callas, spotted, 182.
Calopogon pulchellus, 15.*
Calypso, 13, 5.
Camassia, 57.
Campanula Medium, 32,* 75.*
Campbell, W. N., article by, 256.
Cannas, 57, 64, 140.
Canning and Cooking Tomatoes, 78.
and Preserving, 76.
Canterbury bells, 9, 32,*, 34, 75.*
“Cape” and “Dutch” bulbs, 57, 277.
Cardboard straight jackets, 66.
Cardinal flower, 38, 183.
Carnations, 61, 66, 146, 277.
insect pests of, 206, 208.
Carpenter, L. B., article and photographs
by, 233-*
Carpet plants, 196.
Carrots, 146, 184,* 185, 232.
Cassena berry, 235.
Caterpillars, 178.*
Cat-tails, 183.
Cauliflower, 57, 146, 225, 260.
Cedar, red, 16.
Celeriac, 184.
Celery, 9.
blight, preventive for, 310.
On a City Lot, 227.
Centaurea Cyanus, 75.
Ceratopteris thalictroides, 182.
Cereus, 278,* 279.
Chamecyparis pisifera, 16, 19.
Charcoal, 65.
Cheesecloth covers in spring, 144.*
Cherry, double flowering, 64.
Chervil, 9, 57-
Chicory, 57.
Children, Winter playground for, 238.
Chionodoxa, 132, 135.
Chives, 294.*
Christmas and Easter bloom, azaleas for,
57, 66.
berry, 235.
Flowers in Thirty Days, 233.
holidays, bulbs for the, 66, 129.*
polyanthus narcissus for, 66.
Presents, The Best Gardening Books
for, 266.
Preserts, Tying up the, 250.
Red-berried Plants for, 244,* 282,
Rose, 189, 173.
Window Garden, 230.*

“Christ-thorn,” 234.
Chrysanthemums, 16, 65, 66, 75, 173, 204,
260.
Cineraria, 23,* 57, 65, 66.
Cion, 68.
Citrous seedlings, 67.
Clarke, Harold, articles by, 118, 188.
Clarkia, 74.
Clark, W., article by, 30.
Classified Tables for Fall Planting, 118.
Cleft grafting, 68.
Clematis, immune, 226.*
Coal gas, 246.
Cobcea scandens, 282.
Coal tar, 288.
Cockspur thorn, 239.
Codlin moth, 42.
Colchicum autumnale, 27,* 28, 57, 66, 144.
Coldframes, 22, 30, 142, 150, 214, 260, 306.
Coleus, 57, 230.
Columbine, 74.*
Combination garden, 232.*
Compost heap, 173.
Conard, Henry S., articles and photograph
by, 70, 180, 181.*
Conifers, 9, 17, 240, 242.*
Conservatory, piazza, 64.*
Coreopsis, 36.
Corn, 258.
ear-worms, 82.
salad, 9, 57-
stalk borer, 42.
sweet, 9-
CorneH University, Horticultural Depart-
ment, photograph by, Io.
Cornus Amomum, 16.
Cosmos, 74,* 75.*
Coult, A. A., photograph by, 70.
Cover Designs,
August: Ladies’ Tresses (Spir-
anthes cernua), 1.
December: Barberries (Berberis vul-
garis), 220.
January: Window Garden, 267.
November: A Trained Specimen
Chrysanthemum Plant, 163.
October: China Asters and Hardy
Phlox, 95.
September: Pink Day-blooming
Water-lilies (Nymphaea Mar-
liacea, vat. rosea), 49-
Crabgrass, 152.
Cranberry, 16.
Crategus, 235.
Creeping Juniper, 19.
Crinum, 28.
Crocuses, 27,* 57, 129,* 134, 198, 225.
how to plant, 134.*
Crown imperial, 57.
Cucumber beetle, 40.
tree, 92.
Cucumbers, 61.
Cultivation of Hardy Orchids, The, 13.*
Cultural Guide to Hardy Orchids, A, 38.
Culture of Barberries, The, 148.
Cup-and-saucer-flower, 282.
Currant, 10,* 57.
borer, 12.
cuttings, 67.*
varieties, 11.*
worm, 12.
Cut flowers all winter, 26.*
atrick for, 115.
. from spring until frost, 229.*
How to Keep, 84.

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZIN E—Continued ©

Cuttings, bedding plants, 57.
conifer, 130.*
currant, 69.*
evergreen, 131.*
grape,” oie
green and hardwood,, 130, 148.
hardwood, 67, 94, 144.*
making, 94, 142.
phlox, 142.
rose, 94.
Cutworms in the Greenhouse, 209,
Cyclamen, 24, 57, 188,* 230.
Cyperus, 181.
Cypresses, 16, 19.
Cypripedium, 13, 14.*
Cytisus Canariensis, 26.

Daffodils, 116,* 131, 158.*
Best for Outdoor Planting, The,
113.*
naturaliZing, 113,* 133; 162.
Dahlias, 57, 75,* 92, 140.
Dahoon, 235.
Daisies, 61, 277-
English, 32.
Damping off, 65, 131, 282.
Dandelion, 152.
Darlington, E. D., article and photographs
by, 138, 184.*
Daumont, Mabel, article by, 228.
Davallia bullata, 291.* ..
Deep-bayed Border, A, 16.*
Delightful Winter Beverage, A, 88.
Delphinium, 16.
Deming, Harold, photographs by, 283.
Deutzia, 16, 142.
a Phenomenal, 230.*
Dewberry, 67.
Dianthus barbatus, 38, 74.
Dibble, 154.
Dicentra spectabilis, 189.
Diervilla hybrida, 16.
Digitalis, 16, 34, 36.*
Dock, 152.
Doctored tree, a, 288.*
Dodocatheon, 24.
Dog’s-tooth violet, 57.
Doogue, Luke J., articles and photographs
by, 190, 291.*
Double planting not desirable, 127.
Drainage, for plants, 65, 282.*
Drills for seed, 281.*
Dry leaves, 32.
Duckweeds, 183.
Duggar, B. M., photograph by, 136.
Dugmore, A. Radclyffe, photographs by,
13, 14, 15, 59, 185, 186, 294, 295.
Dunbar, John, article by, 130,* 148, 285.*
Duncan, J. W. article by, 17.

Easily Made Pickles, 76. (
Plant Stand, An, 296.* ;
Echinocactus, 279,* 280.*
Echinopsis multiplex, 278.*
Eichhornia, 181, 182.*
Eldredge, Arthur G., photographs by, 289,
290.
Elephant ears, 57.
Elm, cork bark, 256.
suckering, 162.
Endive, 57, 160.
English holly, 244.
Epiphyllum Russellianum, 278.*
Epsom Salts for Azaleas, 228.*
Eremurus, 28,* 73,* 256.
Enonymus Worth Growing, Every, 285.*
Evergreens, 44, 122, 242.
broad-leaved, 177, 236,* 244.
hollies, culture of, 236.
plants, some, 122.
Raising Your Own, 139.*
Red-berried, 234.
winter protection for, 176.%
vine, 285.

t

Every Euonymus Worth Growing, 285.*

Eulalias, 176.*

Euonymus, 16, 242, 302, 285.*

Euphorbia splendens, 278.*

Euryale ferox, 72.

E. V. W., article by, 72.

Excellent Way of Handling Bulbs for
Forcing, An, 198.

Exchange garden, a successful, 216.

F. A. G., article by, go.
Fall Care of Lawns, The, 152.
planting, 109.
Classified Tables for, 118.
six favorite shrubs for, 121.
plowing, 166.
sowing, seeds for, 120.
Fall web worm, 178.
Farrand, M. K., articles by, 64, 248.*
Fern Ball, Making the Most of a, 291.*
Ferns, 64, 230.
flowering, 183.
for ponds, 180.*
Watering and Potting, 296.
Fertilizers, 11, 26, 94, 229.
for lawn, 94, 208.
Few Bugs in Clean Gardens, 40.*
Fig marigolds, 26.*
“Fillers,” when to take out, 127.
Fischer, W., photographs by, 18, 19.
Flats, 281.*
Fletcher, S. W., articles and Buotosapus
by, 10,* 67,* 125.*
Floating heart, 180.*
moss, 182 ;
Flower seeds for fall sowing, 120,
For Summer Sowing, 30.*
Flowers and vegetables, combination gar-
den. of, 232.*
Eyeey Day fon Christmas | till
Easter, 128.*
Forcing, 225, 252, 277.
fruit trees, home made, 292.
Forget-me-not, 16, 66, 74, 144, 277
Formal garden, parterre planting in a, 117.*
Four Insect Pests That Are Easily Killed
Now, 82.
Foxglove, 9, 16, 34, 36,* 74, 144.
Fragrance, flowers for, 284.
Frames, 225, 252.
Freesias, 9, 57, 64, 66, 198, 225, 277.
Fresh Vegetables All Winter, 183.
Frost, protection from, 57.
Fruit garden, five-acre, 125.
Planning the Home, 125.
trees, 254, how to perpetuate, 67.
Making More and Better, 67.*
Fruits, small and pome, 120.
under glass, 292.*
Fuchsias, 230, 260.
Fullerton, E. L., article and photograph
by, 76, 289.*
Fungous diseases, 288.
Furnaces, 246.

Gaillardia aristata, 36, 38.
Galanthus Elwesii, 131, 132,* 135, 198, 225.
Garden Enemies, 252.
Gardener’s Reminder, 9, 57, 109, 173, 225,
277.
Garden For Sixteen Cents, A, 232.*
Japanese, A Home-made, 248.%*
of Pink Flowers, A, 74.
Problems That Need Solving, More,
4.
Puvinuons 42, 90, 146, 266.
Books for Christmas Presents, The
Best, 266. ,.
Gardening, Record-breaking experience in,
226.*
Garlic, 295.*
Gas, 246.
and plants, 22.
Gasteria linguiformis, 278,.*

Genista, 26.
Geraniums, 23,* 57, 230.
German catchfly, 74.
Getting Ready for the Winter, 174.*
Gladiolus, 57, 61, 64, 75, 140, 188.*
Glass, 57.
Glass house, a veranda, 64.
Glory-of-the-snow, 135.
Gloxinia, 277.
Golden bell, Fortune’s, 16.
club, 182.
glow, 57.
Goodyera, 14, 15.*
Gooseberries, 10,* 11, 57.
Gooseberry mildew, 12.
Gorgon plant, 72.
Gourd Flowers, 208.
Grafting, 67, 68, 288,* 290.
when done, 68.
Grape juice, 88.
Oregon, 122, 123.*
Grapes, 57, 92, 127, 166, 208, 225.
Grass, aquatic, the stateliest, 181.
drives, 125.
pinksrgy aca
Grasshoppers and cutworms, 82.
Grasses, ornamental, 176.*
Graves, Nathan R., articles by, 116,* 174,
196.
AEA otic by, 18, 21, 22, 23, 26,
28, 30, 32, 34, 59,75, 110, 111, 116,
117, 123, 124, 130, 131, 166, 174,
1755 176, 177, 188, 190, 234, 235,
236, 237, 240, 241, 242, 244, 284,
285, 286, 287.
Grecian windflower, 135.
Greenhouse, 189, 238.
cutworms 1n, 200.
glass, 20.
Growing Peaches in the, 292.*
Tepairs, 20.
Small, the, 252.
standard widths for, 22.
summer, 20.
Ground-cover, the best low, 124.
drained, 260.
Growing Mushrooms on a
Table, 135.*
Peaches in the Greenhouse, 292.*
Winter Salads in a ‘‘Pit,” 61.*
Gunnera, 183.

Ping-Pong

Habenaria, 14,* 15.

Hale, Marcia E., article by, 198.
Hardy Border, The, 30, 196.
Hare’s-foot fern, 291.*
Harlequin Bugs, 4o.

Harvard Botanic Garden, European becch ‘

in, 60.*

Hawthorns from seed, 162.
Heating, 22, 64.

‘pipes, 57-

window garden, 230.
Hedge, hemlock, 19.*

European beech, 60.*
Heliotrope, 57, 66, 283.%
Hellebore, 12, 189.

Hemlock, 18, 19,* 242.*

Hepatica, 189, 190.*

Herbaceous borders, 166.

Herrington, A., article and photographs
by, 187.

Heteromeles, 235.

Hibbard, C. J., photograph by, 14.

Hibiscus 16, 142, 183.

Hodgkins, Homer, article by, 238. *

Hogenson, J. C., article by, 228.*

Hogs and sheep in an orchard, 42.

Hollies, 260.

Worth Growing, All the, 234.*
Holly berries, 242.

shipping, 237.*

Hollyhocks, 36, 74, 76,* 144.
Holm oak, 237.

Holly-tree, 234.
Home-made Contrivances, 142.
Japanese Garden, A, 248.*
Honeysuckle, Morrow’s, 16.
Horseradish, 186.*
Horsford, F. H., article by, 256.
Hotbed, 252.
making the, 306.
sash, lean-to built cf, 60.*
House leek, 280.
House Plants, 246, 296.
for Christmas, 230,* 243.*
from seed, 281.*
Lily-of-the-Valley as a, 192.*
Raising Your Own, From Seed, 281.*
Watering, 277.
How to Keep Cut Flowers, 84.
How to Keep Plants Healthy in the House,
246.
Humble Currant and Gooseberry, The, 10.*
Hyacinths, 27, 57, 64, 66, 116,* 128,* Lapis
146, 173, 198, 225.
water, 181, 182.*
Hydrangea, 16, 160, 310.

Tlex verticillata, 260.
Ilexes, the best, 233.*
Impatiens, 277.
Important October Work, 140.
Incarvillea, 74.
Ink berry, 235,* 240.*
Insecticides, 254.
Insect pests in September, 82.
destroying, 178.*
on Cactuses, 300.
Winter Work Against, 178.*
Iris, 9, 16, 27, 61.
Ivy, 230, 282.
propagating, 206.
Ixia, 57, 146, 198, 277.

Japanese Garden, A Home-made, 248.*
Jerusalem cherry, 244,* 250, 282.
Joys of a “Cool Greenhouse,” The, 23.*
July, pink flowers for, 76.
June Bug, 82.
June, pink flowers for, 76.
Juniper, 16, 19.
cuttings, 130.*
Irish, 176.*

Kentia, 230.

Key to the barberries, 148.*
Euonymus, 302.
ornamental beeches, 86.
water-lilies, 72.

Kill the Cutworms in the Greenhouse, 200.

Kinnikinnick, 16.

Kirby, A. M., article by, 113, 158.

Koch, Lillie, article by, 258.

Kohlrabi, 185.

Koster, B. M., quoted, 227.*

Labels, 156.
Labor, a plan to economize, 126.
Lachenalia, 57.
Lady’s slippers, 13,* 14.
Ladies’ tresses, 13.
Lantana, 57, 230.
Larkspurs, 9, 16, 75.
Lath screens, 32.
Lathyrus latifolius, 75.
Lavatera trimestris, 75.
Lawn, 57, 94.
fall care of, 152.
fall sown, 208.
specimens, evergreen, 19.
Southern, 202.*
with crocuses, 134.* 7
Layering grapes and dewberries, 67.
Leaf mold, making, 150.
spot, currant, 12.
Leaves, dry, 32.
Lemna, 183.

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZIN E—Continued

Lettuce, 9, 22, 57, 61, 146, 232.
Leucojum, 132.* ~
Leucothoé Catesbei, 242.*
Lice, 179.
Lilac, 16.
Lilies in August, 9:

planting, 66.

Two Best Tall, the, 187.*
Lily, Annunciation, 28.*

Best situation for, Bermuda, 9, 27,

208.

blue African, 190.

calla, 64.

candidum, 27, 28.*

Chinese sacred, 128.*

Easter, 28,* 66.

Henryi, 187.*

longiflorum, 173, 277.

Madonna, 27, 28.*

of-the-valley, 57, 188, 192,* 206.

of-the-Valley as a House Plant, The,

192.
superbum, 173.
Lime for sour soil, 92.
Lime on lawns, 154.

soils, cure for, 228.
Lime-sulphur spray, 12.

The Best, 254.
Lime-water for worms, 162.
Limnanthemum, 182.*
Limnocharis, 180;* 182.*

Liparis, 15.

Lizard’s tail, 182.
Lobelia, 38, 183, 277-
Lonicera, 16. -
Lotus, the, 71,* 180.

Egyptian, 181.

Lucas, Eleanor M.., article by, 296.
Lychnis, 74.
Lycoris, 57.

McAdam, Thomas, article by, 27,* 131,*
154, 243,* 266.

McColm, G. E., photograph by, 294.

McFarland, J. Horace, Co. photographs by,
15, 23, 24, 28, 115, 289.

McFarland, Wm., photograph by, 180.

Magnesium sulphate on lime soils, 228.

Magnolia, 183.

Maidenhair fern, 183, 230, 296.

Making Cuttings and Sowing Seeds in Fall,
142. =

Leaf Mold, 150.

More and Better Fruit Trees, 67.*

the Most of a Fern Ball, 291.*

Southern Lawns, 202.

Manure, care of, 94.

for house plants, 65, 66.
hen and pigeon, 206.
mulching of, 140.
storing, 208.

what is a ton of, 92.

Maple, 183, 242.*

Marble, Flora Lewis, photograph by, 14.

Marguerite, 277.

Marigolds, 232.

Marsh mallows, 16, 183.

Marsilea quadrifolia, 181,* 182.

Mason, Albert R., article by, 88.

Mats, straw, 61.

May, pink flowers in, 64, 76.

Melon pests, 40.

Mending Old Trees, 288.*

Mesembryanthemum, 26,* 278.*

Mice, poison for, 206.

Michigan Agricultural College, Hozticul-
tural Department, photographs by, 10,
Tilly Wp

Midsummer flowers, 75.

Mignonette, 61, 284.* —

Mildew, 12, 225.

Miller, Louise Klein, article and photo-
graph by, 232.*

Miller, Wilhelm, article by, 13,* 38, 234,*
285.* ae

Moccasin flower, 14.*

Mole, shrew, 177.

Montbretia, 208.

Month for Forethought and Action, A, 57.

Monkshood, 34.*

Morgan, G. F. photograph by, 21.

Morton, Verne, photograph by, 13, 14.

Mosnat, H. R., article and photograph by,
231.* .

Moss pink, 74, 76.*

Moth, brown-tail, 225.

Mound layering, 67.

Mrs. T. C. T., article and photograph by,
233-

Mulching, ro, 156, 225.

Mulch your Hardy Borders and Bulb Beds
in November, 196.

Musa Ensete, 183.

Mushrooms, 57, 135,* 173.

for Christmas, 135.*
Spawn, pure culture, 136.

Mustard, 9.

Myosotis, 16, 74.

Myriophyllum _ proserpinacoides,

Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, 282.

180.*

Narcissus, 64, 66, 129,* 133,* 146, 173, 225,
233-
Chinese sacred, 64, 173, 225, 233.

for bloom, winter, 66, 173.
naturalized, 113,* 133.*

Nasturtium, 26, 144.

Nectarine, 293.*

Nephrolepis, 296.

Nemopanthes, 235.

New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion, photograph by, 63.

Nolte, Phineas, article by, 80, 150, 250.

November planting, bulbs for, 187.*

Work, Important, 166.
Nympheas, 70, 71,* 180.

Oak, white, from seed, 160.

October, flowers in, 66.
Work, Important, 140.

Onions, 146.
Only Way to Grow Large, Mild, 306.
Tribe, Quality Even in the, 294.*
Welsh, 9, 296.

Opuntias, 278,* 280.*

Orange, budding the, 68.*

Orchard, hogs and sheep in, 42.

Orchids, native hardy, 13, 38.

Ornithogalums, 57.

Orontium aquaticum, 182.

Osmunda, 183.

Other Red-berried Plants for Christmas,

244.%
Outdoor Winter Garden, An, 240.*
Oxalis, 57.

Oyster plant, 184.*

Painting a House Without Ruining the
Vines, 233.*

Pansies, 32, 61, 144, 146, 277.

Paris daisies, 66.

Parrot’s feather, 180.*

Parsnips, 146, 185.

Paulownia, 183.

Pea, perennial, 75.

Peas, 9, 146.

Peach, Crawford, 67.

Peaches, Growing, in the Greenhouse, 292.*

Peet, Louis Harman, article and photo-
graphs by, 58.

Pelargoniums, 23,* 57, 230.

Peonies, 57, 80.

sowing, 160.

Pepper, H. H., article and photographs by,
142, 144.

Peppers, ornamental, 244, 246.

Perennials and Bulbs For November
Planting, 188.*
Personal Experiences, 88, 138, 214, 256.
Petrea volubilis, 26.
Petunia, 277.
Phlox, 57, 76,* 142, 144.
annual, 75.
Photinia arbutifolia, 235.
Phyllocactus, 280.*
Piazza conservatory, a, 64.*
Picea, 17, 18, 19.*
Pickerel-weed, 180,* 182.
Pickles and sweet pickles, 76.
Pine, Mugho, 16, 18.*
Ping-pong Table, Growing Mushrooms on
a, 135.*
Pink flowers, a Garden of, 74.*
Pinus, 16, 17, 18.*
Pit, 57, 61, 66.
Pitcher plants, 13.
Place Planted for Winter Comfort, A, 238.*
Plan for a Deep-bayed Border, A, 16.*
for a place for winter coinfort, 239.*
for fruit gardens, 125,* 126,* 127.*
Planning the Home Fruit Garden, 125.*
Plant Evergreens in August, 9, 44.
Planting, 10.
Plans, 16,* 125, 238.*
September ideal month for, 57.
table for March-blooming bulbs,
135.
tables, fall, 118.
for winter vegetables, 184.
tulip bed, A, 110.*
Plant Peonies in September, 80.
Pot-grown Strawberries in August,
46.*
sprayer, 296.
stand, 296.
Plants, tying for travel, 250.
Playground, 238, 239.
Plum, Green Gage, 67.
P.M., article by, 44.
Pogonia ophioglossoides, 15.
Pond, Ella C., article by, 256.
Ponds, plants for bordering, 182.
Pontederia cordata, 180,* 182.
Poppies, 30,* 34, 38, 57, 74) 75, 144, 214,
233-*
Poppy Bed Problem Solved, The, 233.*
Portulaca, 233.*
Potassium sulphide, 12.
Potato beetle, 42.
Potatoes, 183,185. -
in Seven Weeks, 229.*
sprouted, 229.*
new, 186.
Potting soil, 94.
Powell, I. L., article by, 292.*
Presby, Frank H., articles by, 61,* 227.*
Presby, Harriet C., photographs by, 61,
227.
Pricking out, 281.
Prickly pear, 280.*
Primrose, 61, 65, 66, 230, 284.*
Privet, from hedges, 162.
Profit of $1.16 from 2 Cents’ Worth of Corn,
258.
Propagating by buds, etc., 69.
cactus, 298.
dewberries, 67.
fruits from seed, 67.
fuchsias, 260.
grapes, 67.
ivies, 206.
Juniper, 130.*
pelargoniums, 231.
privet, 162.
tulips, 191.*
Protection against frost, 196, 230, 176.*
Pruning, 10, 11, 12,* 225.
Prunus, 64.
Pteris, 183.

Puckett, Emma, photograph by, 280.
Purchasers’ Guide to Barberries, 148.
Euonymus, 302.

Quality Even in the Onion Tribe, 294.*
Tomatoes for the Home Garden,
62.*
Quercus Ilex, 237.
Quick Way to Cook Spinach, A, go.
Quince, Japan, 16.

Radishes, 57, 146, 184, 185.*
Railroad worm, 42.
Raising Succulents at Home, 298.
Your Own Evergreens, 130.*
Your Own House Plants From Seed,
281.%
Your Own Tulips, 190.
Ranunculus, 57, 146.
Rare Early Lily Growing Ten Feet High,
A, 72.*
Raspberry, 57, 67, 160.
Rattlesnake plantain, 13, 14, 15.*
Real Thing in Greenhouse Construction,
The, 20.*
Record-breaking Experiences in Gardening,
226.*
Red and crimson flowers, bulbs for, 119.
Red-barked shrubs, the best, 238.
Red-berried plants for Christmas, 244.*
shrubs, the best, 238.
Berries That Last Two Years, 243.*
campion, 74.
flowers all winter, 279.
spider, 24, 208.
Refuse, burning, 166.*
Repotting, 65.
Reseda odorata, 61, 284.*
Rhododendrons, 173, 177,* 206, 228, 242.*
Rhubarb, 225.
and Asparagus all Winter in a Hot-
bed or Frame, 252.
roots, 140.
Rhus glabra, 16.
Richardia albo-maculata, 182.
Ripening Green Tomatoes, 140.
Rockwell, F. F., article by, 281.*
Root crops, how to keep, 185.*
Root grafting, 67,* 68.
Rose cuttings, making hardwood, 94.
Roses, 65, 90, 142.
mulching, 160.
scurfy scale on, 160.
spraying, 225.
winter aspect of, 242.
winter protection for, 174.*
Rot, to prevent, 146.
Rubber plants, making new, 94.
Rust joints, 162.
Rutabagas, yellow-fleshed, 18 5.*

Sagittaria latifolia, 183.

Salsify, 9, 184,* 185.

Saltpetre, 260.

Salvia, 144.

Salvinia, 183.

Sand in the window garden, 65.

Sanderson, E. Dwight, articles and photo-

graphs by, 40,* 82. 178.*

Sash, hotbed, 20.

Saururus cernuus, 182.

Savin, 19, 130.*

Scale, San José, 12, 225, 254.

School Gardening, 216.

Scillas, 57, 132,* 135.

Scorzonera, 186.

Scott, A. W., photographs by, 186, 279, 295.
Wm., article by, 200.

Screen for young plants, 142.*
home made, 28:.*

Screenings, 281.*

Seedlings, 144.

Seedling stocks, 69.

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZIN E—Continued

Seed pans, 281.*
Seeds, how to start the, 281.
sowing, 142.
stratifying, 67, 237, 258.
soil, 65.
Sempervivum tectorum, 278.*
September blooming bulbs, four, 27.
flowers, 94.
pink flowers for, 76.
Plant Peonies in, 80.
Service yard, planning a, 239.
Shade beneficial to gooseberries and cur-
rants, 10.
ideal plants for, 32.
Shaw, Louise, article and photographs by,
135, 230, 233.*
Shoe-peg sauce, 258. .
Shrubs for planting plan, 16, 238, 240.
red-berried, 122.
Shutters, 225.
Silk oak, 277.
Skimmia Japonica, 244.°
Small Greenhouse, the, 252.
Smilax, 230.
the florists’, 282.
Snapdragons, 24, 277, 284.*
Snowball, 142, 242.*
Snowdrops, 131, 132,* 135, 198,225.
Snowflake, 132,* 135.
Snow, weight of, 20.
Soil for currants and gooseberries, 10.
seed, 281.
Solanum Pseudo-capsicum, 244,* 282.
Some Suggestive Bulb Beds, 116.*
Soot for plants, 160.
Southerner’s Reminder, The, 202, 204.
Spanish bayonet, 240, 241.
Sparaxis, 57, 146, 198, 277.
Sparganium eurycarpum, 180.*
Spear-flower, 243.*
Specimen Chrysanthemum, A, 204.
Spinach, 57, 146, 225.
New Zealand, 9, go.
a Quick Way to Cook, go.
Spindle tree, 16, 286.
Spiranthes cernua, 15.
Spireas, 16.
Sports and varieties, 92.
Sprinkling, 277.
Spruces, seedling, 17, 18,* 248.*
Squash bug, 4o.
Squill, Siberian, 132.*
Staking, how to avoid, 66.
Standen, George, article by, 254, 308
Star of Bethelem, 57.

Sternbergia lutea, 28.
Stocks, 64, 146.
Stoves, kerosene and coal, 22.
Stratifying seeds, 67, 237, 258.
Strawberries, 67, 125, 160, 206.
pot-grown, 9, 46.*
Straw overcoats, putting on, 174.*
Stumps, getting rid of, 260.
Succession of flowers, 128.
tulips and hyacinths for, 66.
Suckers, 256.
Sumach, smooth, 16.
Summer sowing, flower seeds for, 30.
Sundews, 13.
Sunflowers, 231.
Sweet peas, 57, 61, 144.
fall sown, 312.
on May 17th, 227.
Sweet William, 38, 74.

Tabor, I G., articles and plans by, 16, 17,
238.
Tankage, 200.
Taylor, H. G., photographs by, 132, 134.
T. B., article by, 46.
Temperature, 260.
Ten Best Hardy Conifers, The, 17.*
Tent caterpillars, 166, 178,* 225.
Thalia divaricata, 181.
Thorn, evergreen, 16.
Three Months of Daffodils, 158.
Thrip, 24.
Thunbergia alata, 282.
Thuya occidentalis, 16.
Tickseed, 36.
Tile drain, 260.
Tillage, convenience in, 125.
plan makes easy, 126.
Tipularia discolor, 15.
Tobacco, excessive use of, 65.
extracts, 24.
stems, 24.
Tomatoes, canning and cooking, 78.
Cherry, 63.*
cooking, 63.
cultural methods, 62.
how to train, 62.
ideals in, 62.*
Livingston’s Globe, 62.*
Stirling Castle, 63.*
Stone, 62.*
Varieties for Succession, 138.
Torenia, 277.
Training and pruning, The art of, 293.
Transplanting hollies, 237.

Trees, 238.
and shrubs, 86, 148.
Old, Mending, 288 ,* 312.
transplanting, 312.
young, cold splits in, 2go.

Tropezolum majus, 26.

Troth, Henry, photographs by, 1, 22,25, 28,
36, 46, 60, 739 74) 76, 111, 112, 113, 114,
122, 181, 182, 184, 188, 189, 243, 244,
283, 286, 289.

Tsuga Canadensis, 18, 19.*

Tuberoses, 140.

Tulips, 57, 64, 66, 110,* 128, 131, 146, 190,*
225.

for Outdoor Planting, The Best,
110.*
mixed early and late, 116.*
Raising Your Own, 190.*
Turnips, 146, 185.
how to peel, 186.* ‘

Tussock moths, rusty, 178,* 179.*

Two Best Tall Lilies for November Plant-
ing, 187.

Tying up the Christmas Presents, 250.

Typha, 183.

Ulmus racemosus, 256.
Utricularia purpurea, 182.

Valves, 57.
Variety, changing a, 69.
Variegated effects, 242.
Vegetable garden, ridging, 160.
Vegetables and flowers, combination garden
of, 232.*
Fresh, All Winter, 183.*
preparation for table, 186.
seeds for fall sowing, 121.
quality, 62, 183, 294.
Ventilator, 184.
Verbena, 277.
Vermont Experiment Station, photograph
by, 26, 74, 187.
Viburnums, 16, 242.*
Victorias, 70,* 183.*
Vines, 233.
and shrubs, hardwood cuttings cf,
144.
Grown for Foliage, 282.
that flower all winter, 282.
three showy greenhouse, 26.
Violets, 22, 61.

Wallflowers, 61.
Warner, Flora, article by, 227.

Washing bench as a plant stand, 296.*
Water clover, 181.*
Watering, 65, 230.
cactus, 300.
Ferns, 296.
House Plants, 277, 296.*
Water-Lilies for the Business Man, 70.*
tender night-blooming, 70.
Water Poppy, 181, 182.*
“Water snowflake,” 182.*
Watson, J., article by, 288.
Wayfaring tree, 16.
Weed, Clarence M.., article and photographs
by, 192.
Weigela, 16.
Weinberg, F., photographs by, 279, 280.
When to Plant Eremurus, 256.
Whip-grafting, 67, 63.
White flowers, bulbs for, 118.
White grub, 82.
Whole Story of Bulb Culture in a Few
Words, The, 154.
Wilcox, E. E., photograph by, 84.
Wild Flowers, Spring, 42.
Wilson, J. J., article and photograph by,
229.
Windbreak, 238.
Window gardens, 22,* 64,* 281.
a Really Attractive, 230.*
Wind shield, 176.*
Winter berry, 235,* 236.
Winter, best flowers of late, 65.*
bloom, 230.*
Comfort, A Place Planted for, 238.*
cffects, types of, 240.
Flowers in a Piazza Conservatory,
64.*
Garden, An Outdoor, 240.*
Work Against Insects, 178.
Wireworms, 82, 206, 208.
Wishbone plant, 277.
Wistarias, 64, 65,* 142.
Witch Grass, 208.
Woods soil, 66.
Woodwardia, 183.
W.R.S., article by, 152.
Wrench, Robert A., article and photogzaph
by, 204.

Yaupon, 235.

Yellow flowers, bulbs for, 118,
Yew, 130,* 176.*

Yucca, 16, 240,* 241.

Zinnia, 75.*
Zuger, Peter, article by, ric.

Rireust E.verégreens, Bulbs and Fruits for August Planting 1 Oc

1906 Growing Our Wild Orchids The Ten Best Hardy Conifers
Vol. IV. No. I Greenhouses for Every Purse A Planting Plan for a Deep Border $1.00 a Year

The World’s Work Country Life in America @) Farming

115 Howors Buidng DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY ay. sr as sistcentn st

types of soil and tree.

Screen to gardener’s cottage. Moved 1905.

SMALL EVERGREENS AT LOW RATES

country life comfortable in winter.
SPECIAL OFFER

Per 10 Per 100

ISAAC HICKS & SON texkYincks™

THE BEST EVERGREENS FOR EVERY
PLACE AND PURPOSE

Evergreens suited for every place and purpose are found in our nurseries,
and they are of the choicest quality, for carefui and frequent transplanting with
the best scientific culture has produced the choicest stock. ‘There are here

EVERGREENS FOR:

Lawn Specimens Rapid Growing

Mass Planting * Slow Growing
Woodland Planting Giving Shade

Hicones The best Columnar, Glo-
Windbreaks bular, Prostrate and
SGreens Weeping Varieties
Formal Gardens House Decoration ‘
Sea Side Gard ns Dry Soil

Windswept ‘I racts Heavy Soil

Smoky Cities Light Soil

Swamp and Marsh Land Shallow Soil

UR landscape department will be

glad to assist you, without charge,

in the selection of evergreens for’ special

locations or in other landscape problems
that you may have.

We cordially invite you to visit our
nurseries and make personal selection of
stock. If you expect to purchase ever-
greens, old fashioned flowers or any other
nursery stock in quantity for Fall plant-
ing, it will surely be worth your while to
make such a visit. Our nurseries are lo-
2 cated 35 minutes from New York on the
PICEA EXCELSA, VAR. COMPACTA Erie Railroad; frequent train service

Improved dense growing form of the Makes the trip a very convenient one.

Norway Spruce. To those who are at a distance our cat-

alogue will bring a glimpse of our evergreens and other stock with descriptions
and prices. Send for a copy.

BOBBINK & ATKINS
NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS AND LANDSCAPE GARDENERS
RUTHERFORD NEW JERSEY

BIG TREES MOVED

OR architectural gardens we offer hedges prepared for moving, that are equal in size
and quality to the one illustrated on page 19. Hicks Patent Treemovers make
possible the moving of big trees for immediate shelter—shade—screen. Visit

Westbury Nurseries to select evergreens for August and September planting, or write the

effect desired. We offer ready for moving, Norway, sugar and red maples, pin oaks up

to 50 feet high; pines spruces, nemlocks, arborvitae and cedars. Trees that thrive on

Long Island and blend with the land-

scape. ‘Twelve treemovers for various

OU have wanted evergreens in quantity but there have been difficulties. They have not been avail-
able in large quantities at low rates. We have them by the 100,000 from seed that fits the north-
eastern United States. They are trained and packed for successful transplanting. We have the beau-
tiful cheerful kinds. You want privacy. Evergreens will make a screen the year round. With ever-
greens a small area gives as much privacy as a large one. Evergreen hedges and shelter belts make

Pitch Pine 8-12 in, $ .15 $ 1.00 Mugho Pine tr. 6-12 ‘ $2.50 $
Ob ve tr. 8-12 in. .60 5.00 Densiflora Pine, Japanese, tr. 6-12 in. 1.50 12.00
ce 6G tr. 1-1% ft. 1.00 8.00 G es tr. 1-1% ft. 1.80 15.00
fs nf eg. i tzoer | aes 1.50 12.00 Norway Spruce tr. 8-12 in. 1.00 9.00
Scotch Pine tr. 6-12 in. 50 4.00 fs sf tr. 1-1% ft. 1.49 42.00
uo «Seat hee mialeena kt. 1-50 12.00 OB Ot tr. 14-2 ft. 2.2/5") 20300
White Pine 2-4 in. 30 2.00 White Spruce, 4-8 in. .80 7.00
So OF ira.) IS) in. 60 5.00 Engleman’s Spruce, blue. From
ss OES 6-12 in. 1.00 8.00 Colorado, and better than Colorado Blue
iy UC Ts fas) beens sie L75 a tsV0O Spruce, 2-4 in. 1.00 8.00
s SIGE CLA een x2 21 epts 2,75" 25 00 Engleman’s Spruce tr. 4-8 in. 2.00 5.00
i dire Torasganei ft. 3:73. 35-00 Colorado Fir, 3-6 in, 1.00 5.00
Austrian Pine, 4-6 in. .50 .00 i 5 z
se Domitheeer=tyo cn tte 2.00 es Packing Ex'ra

Send for price list of evergreens and catalogue giving the scientific reasons of their successful growth.

Per 10 Per 109

; ; z Part of 175 evergreens, 15 to 37 feet high, moved within 9 months
Nurserymen and Scientific Treemovers Westbury Station, Long Island, N. Y. to’bare hill site for Mr. Walter G. Oakman, Roslyn, L. I.

our DREER’S

FAIR PLANTS

AND RAISE A FULL
CROP OF BERRIES

SUMMER a att NEXT SEASON

DREER’S
MID-SUMMER CATALOGUE

Gives information about best methods of planting and tells of the latest
and best varieties of Strawberries which we furnish in strong pct-
grown plants, also offers Celery, Cabbage and other vegetable plants
together with a select list of Palms, Ferns and deco.ative plants.
Seeds of old-fashioned Hardy Perennials and other floweis for present
sowing. Lawn Mowers and Garden Tools of all kinds. Write at
once for a copy—FREE, and please mention this magazine.

HENRY A. DREER
714 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA PA.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

TIFFANY & CoO.

Fifth Avenue and 37th Street, New York

Prizes for Summer Sports

Ready for Immediate Delivery. Photographs Upon Request

Loving Cups, Vases, Pitchers, etc., in sterling silver
and silver-mounted glass, suitable for Coaching

Parades, Golfing, Tennis, Automobile, Yacht and

Motor Boat races, or other land and water sports

Loving Cups

Sterling Silver

Vase Cups

Morning Glory and Other Shapes,
Sterling Silver

inches high . 9% inches high -
6c 66 | 1% Vy 66
13
14

17

Silver-Mounted Glass

Claret Jugs and Lemonade
Pitchers, - $10, $20, $45.
2 handles, height 3% Vases, - $12, $14, $22.

$26, $30, $60, $70.
inches upward, $10, $12, Wate eke
Silay SiS: $38, WDD), $100.

Comparison of Prices

Tiffany & Co. always welcome a comparison of prices
This applies to their entire stock of rich, as well as
inexpensive jewelry, silverware, watches, clocks,
bronzes, and other artistic objects, on all of which
their prices are as reasonable as is consistent with
the standard of quality maintained by the house

Fifth Avenue New York

Small Prize Cups
Sterling Silver, gold lined,

Out-of-Town

Service
To parties known
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Tiffany & Co.
1906 Blue Book
Second Edition
A compact cata-
logue without illus-
trations— 530
pages of concise
descriptions with an
alphabetical side
index affording
quick access to the
wide range of
Tiffany & Co.'s
stock, with the prices
at which articles
may be purchased
Patrons will find
this little book filled
with helpful sugges-
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silverware, clocks,
bronzes, and other
artistic merchandise
suitable for wed-
ding presents or

other gifts

Strictly Retailers
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manufacture
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retail trade. Their
wares are never sold
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can only be pur-
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their establishment
in New York, Paris

or London

4 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

EVERGREENS

For August Planting

SPECIMEN TREES, WITH BALL
As Follows:
Colorado Blue Spruce (Adies sungens glauca),
72 1) 3 146
Colorado Silver Fir (Picea concolor), 2 to 3 ft.
Nordman’s Silver Fir, 2 to 3 ft.
Compact and Globe-head Arbor Vitae, 2 ft.
Pyramidal Artor Vitae, 2 to 3 ft.
American Arbor Vitae, 2 to 8 ft.
Hemlocks, 2 to 3 ft.
Irish Juniper, 2 to 3 ft.
Yews, 18 to 24 in.

In addition to the above we have
WHITE PINES by the thousand for screens, etc.
Evergreens for hedges, including AMERICAN
and SIBERIAN ARBOR VITAE. DWARF BOX—
other Hardy Evergreens. All carefully grown.

Prices on request. Inspection Invited.

Pot Grown Strawberry Plants

that will yield a full crop next season if

planted now. All the best and
most popular varieties.

Catalogue Free.
ELLWANGER & BARRY
NURSERYMEN—HORTICULTURISTS
ROCHESTER, N. Y.

PRICES: 75c. per dozen. $3.50 per 100. $25 per 1,000.

Our catalogue containing full list of varieties, free.

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON
342 West 14th Street NEW YORK CITY

Buying a Cream Separator

A little thought before buying a cream separator will save you a lot of hard work
later on. Don’t be talked into buying a machine with a high milk
supply can -— it’s like pitching hay to pour milk into one. Besides, it
doesn’t cost any more to get an easy running

U.S. Cream Separator

with a low milk tank that a child can reach, a simple bowl that’s easily
washed, and a set of entirely enclosed gears, protected from dirt and
danger. The U.S. holds the World’s Record for clean skimming—
jt is the most profitable separator for you to buy, and will last a lifetime.

Our handsome new catalogue describes in detail the operation and construction of the
United States Separator. Many fine and accurate illustrations aid in making perfectly
clear to you the advantages the U.S. has over all others. If you’re keeping cows for
profit, ask for our catalogue No. 71. It points the way to the biggest profits.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., BELLOWS FALLS, VT.

Prompt Delivery —18 Distributing Warehouses

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured!
to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

It takes over twenty years

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an
immediate effect. Spring Price List Now Ready.

ANDORRA NURSERIES biitavevpiia, Pa:

WM. WARNER HARPER, PROPRIETOR

5S LUG] S&S bo a

USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 23 YEARS.
Sold by Seed Dealers of. America.

Flowers, Trees and Shrubs
Write for free pamphlet

Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons,
from Insects. Put up in popular packages at popular prices.
on Bugs and Blights, etc., to

_B. HAMMOND, Fishkill-on-Hudson,

New York.

AwecusT, 1906

SUN-DIALS

with or without PEDESTALS

Ps Send for Illustrated Price List H

- Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co.

Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

New York Office, 1123 Broadway

HARDY CONIFERS |

Our collection of Specimen Evergreens is recognized |
as the finest and most extensive in the land. |

Send for price-list. \
COTTAGE GARDENS COMPANY
QUEENS, LONG ISLAND NEW YORK

BULBS FOR FALL PLANTING |

Special prices to those who place their
orders in advance. Send me your list and
get my figures before placing your orders. ,

JOSIAH YOUNG, 23 Grano Street, Troy, N.Y.
The Best in

PEONIES ne wea

E. J. SHAYLOR, Specialist,
WELLESLEY HILLS MASSACHUSETTS

WOULD IT PLEASE YOU

To Have Freesias In Flower at Christmas ?

You can have them if you plant now! Enough for a pot and
my Little Brown Book of Dutch Bulbs, in which I will
tell you how to plant them, all for 10 cents.

HENRY SAXTON ADAMS. WELLESLEY, MASS.

SERVICE FOR READERS of
GHE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The publishers of THE GarpEN MaGazine will be glad
to give its readers information on points relating to
gardening, the country home apd grounds, and
advise where equipment and supplies not found in
the advertising pages can be obtained. Address
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THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
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(vest, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 5

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given.
Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GarDEN MaGaziIne¥, 133 E. 16th St , New York

GEDNEY FARM POULTRY YARDS

Old English Garden Seats

S.C. BUFF ORPINGTONS CORNISH INDIAN GAMES

| S.C. BLACK MINORCAS WHITE WYANDOTTES Ructicnarniire
| We breed our prize Winners and can sell you birds that will enable you to do the same.
At Madison Square Garden we won first and Club special on S. C. Buff Orpington Special Designs Made to Order.
| pen—14 pens ee: Also third pullet—39 pullets in the class. Conal G re |
At Albany, N. Y., we made aclean sweep. Our Buff Orpingtons won every regular prize | enigetor Wc atalozue-

offered, except one third—64 Buffs compeune Also eight specials, including silver cup for best |

display—all varieties competing. On C. I. Games we won two ist, four 2d and three 3d at | NORTH SHORE FERNERIES
the same show. Our Black Minorcas are bred for egg production and shown for exhibition only,
Stock and eggs for sale atright prices. Satisfaction guaranteed.

FRANK W. GAYLOR, Megr., White Plains, N. Y.

Beverly, Massachusetts

» Originators of all the
Orpington Fowls

WM. COOK & SONS NOW READY

Box 33, Scotch Flains, New Jersey
(also of England and §. Africa). st. 1873
If you want the best Orpingtons, any of the ten
yarieties, it is natural that you must send to us, their
originators, for them. Winners of over 8,500 cups and
prizes. Largest winners wherever we show. i.
EGGS from the finest Orpingtons in the world,
$10 per setting; from exceptionally fine 4
stock, $5 per setting. All guaranteed.
ORPINGTON PouLTRY JouRNAL, 5 cts.; yearly, 60 cts.
We have thousands of Orpingtons mated up.
Inspection of poultry farms cordially invited. Trains
met. Advice free.

‘a e
Dr. Payne’s Sanitary Poultry House
Has given universal satisfaction, Plans complete for build-
| ing House, Self cleaning Roosts, Sanitary Nests for $1.00.

SANITARY POULTRY SUPPLY CO.
| 219 Schaefer Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

fe Squabs Pay — = ~—s The ‘most beautiful, interest-
j If you have the best mated

TM HomeR PIGEONS THE GARDE El ing and practically helpful

|
i

Send to-day for our free book,

Seta Make Money with fxs ; volume of the magazine yet
Qos eee Sy | = » >| expe published.

Morristown, | ey el Bie a
Peer Reaiamen toe” || VOLUME Ill (Price $1.35)
|DOGS BOARDED, CONDITIONED AND EXHIBITED. BREEDER HOA 138 Vee i
pS EEE DERKIERS Gah Sent Express Prepaid for $1.6¢
' Scottish Terriers (February to July, 1906, inclusive)

Offered as companions. Not
‘given to fighting or roaming—
| Best for children’s pets.
NEWCASTLE KENNELS
Brookline, Mass.

A
ru €-
<a

The volumes of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE con-
tain much of the best practical information extant of
the various branches of gardening. They are completely indexed for immediate and handy
reference, and are in themselves an inexhaustive garden library to be added to year
Be by year at comparatively slight expense. Jf your file of the magazine is incomplete,
CO LLIE PUPS a TCOntouis this is your opportunity.

FARM-RAISED

Sable and white and tri-color pups, from eight weeks to 0
ht ths old. All ligible f trat

es ee VOLUME ONE (for $2.00), Sent Express Prepaid for $2.32

of the present day winning strains with that of practi-
cally all of the famous collies of the past. Price

from $10.00 up, according to age and quality. Corre-
spondence invited, but please state wants specifically.

__ HARVALE FARM KENNELS, Midland Park, N. J. VOLUME TWO (a $2.00), 66 ‘6 66 66 $2.32

(February to July, 1905, inclusive)

(August 1905 to January 1906, inclusive)

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Sa al r% 10
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Ioaccaca) it Many designs. Cheap as_ wood.
Ne DO, YY 32 page Catalogue free. Special
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a el

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE IS GROWING UP

EING now eighteen months old this
magazine proposes to celebrate by
adding to itself a cover printed in colors be-
ginning with the September number. Per-
haps no monthly published ever had such
beautiful material for covers as THE GARDEN
MacazineE. Flower cover designs represented
in black and white reproductions are dull and
lifeless when compared with the color photo-
graphs which it is now possible to make. A
further advantage will be the protection to the
magazine itself.

A PLAGUE OF BAD PAPER

Early in June we had the misfortune to hit
upon a bad lot of coated paper. The highly
polished surface of the paper used for THE
GARDEN MAGAZINE is secured by sizing the
stock before the French clay is applied, and
running it between great roller calenders,
producing the perfectly smooth finish upon
which cuts can be printed that contain 175
lines to the square inch. Unhappily this
sizing went wrong in the hot weather, pro-
ducing a perfume offensive to many readers,
who wrote us complaining. ‘To all these we
replied explaining that the trouble was by no
means a permanent one; but the people who
did not write are the ones we are disturbed
about. We regret this ancient and fishlike
odor, and hope it is gone forever. We dis-
covered the bad stock and saved part of the
edition before it was too late, and we only
mention the matter now to let our readers
know that the best paper we can get goes
into al! of our magazines, and no stone is
jeft unturned—if we know it—to increase
their good qualities.

ATTRACTIVE BARNS

Country Life in America is anxious to get
photographs of attractive barns. If any
reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE has a new
or an old barn which has any practical ad-
vantages, is suggestive and good to lock upon,
the editors of Country Life in America will be
glad to have the interesting facts and photo-

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

TALK: OFTHE -( |

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to ’t with delight.”—A xtony and Cleopatra

graphs, and will gladly pay for the readers’
trouble in sending such material.

WILL AN AUSTRALIAN NOVEL SUCCEED? THE
“TRADE”? SAYS NO; WE SAY YES

Six or seven years ago there came to us the
manuscript of a book which was published
under the title of ‘‘Bob, Son of Battle.”
This strong and worthy novel had no sale
whatever for some time, and to this day it has
never come to its own in England, though
more than 100,000 copies have been sold in
America; but we were fortunate enough to
hit upon a plan which called people’s atten-
tion to the book and helped it to a large suc-
cess; and since that time it has been more
and more popular, until we have published
some fifteen editions, worn out the plates,
and reset it for still future editions.

We have now come upon another book
which is quite as remarkable and as fine in
its way as “Bob, Son of Battle” was. The
author is ‘fG. B. Lancaster’’; the book,
called “The Spur’’, is written as very féw
people know how to write. It is the story of
a young man who agreed to follow absolutely
the dictates of another and older man in
return for financial help to let him work out
his literary ambitions. From the ‘‘trade”
point of view there is one singular drawback:
the scene of the book is laid in Australia and

New Zealand, and has a sheep ranch for -

background. Books about Australia are
supposed never to sell, but we mean to keep
the story of Kin Severne, the dominating
character of ‘‘The Spur,” before readers
until they at least have had a chance to de-
cide whether we are right as to its merits.
We know that they will care for it—if not
now, later. Some books are sure to find
their way—‘‘ The Spur” is such a book.

THE AUGUST FIRST BOOK

Three years ago we decided to try an ex-
periment in publishing novels on what was
accepted as an out-of-season date. The
first experiment was made in mid-summer.
The book then issued on August rst, instead

AveusT, 1906

of falling flat in a dull season, secured a good
deal more attention than it could possibly
have secured at any other time. Since then
we have always published an important novel
in August, and this year’s book will be by
Miss Michelson, author of “In the Bishop’s
Carriage”’ which has been read by tens of
thousands. The title of Miss Michelson’s
novel is “Anthony Overman.” The charm
of the story is most difficult to describe, but
the record of the experiences of a strong man
with the courage of his convictions in love as
well as in the daily walks of life must always
be interesting as long as men strive toward an
ideal. The story of Anthony Overman and
Jessie Incell is more than interesting; it is
absorbing—a hard novel to lay down for
dinner or sleep.

FLASHLIGHTS IN THE JUNGLE

Mr. Schillings’ remarkable book of photo-
graphs and hunting experiences in Africa
has been out of print for some months. The
book was printed for us in London from the
original plates. Our first edition was at once
taken up, and we have tried the patience of
our friends in taking so long to get a second.
However, all orders are now filled, and copies
are in hand.

BOOKS THAT ARE LATE

Our readers may remember that we had
a printers’ strike on January rst. This ex-
tended to the electrotypers and all of our
spring books were delayed. It has been a
hard fight for the open shop but now we are
fully equipped and almost caught up again.

“The Dog Book” has had a host of
troubles, bad electros, and delays beyond en-
durance, but it is finally all in type, and we
expect to have it complete August rst. Ten
parts, or in two splendid volumes.

“The Frog Book” should have been ready
by May rst, but after every conceivable kind
of delay it was practically finished on June
tst when some twenty or thirty pages of text
were lost, strayed, or stolen, and had to be
reset. This book will be ready also, we hope,
by August rst.

THe GARDENER’S REMINDER = = 2 = e 6 9

THe HumBLe CURRANT AND GOOSEBERRY -

Photographs by Michigan Agricultural College, Cornell Experiment Station, a:.d the author
Tue CULTIVATION OF HARDY ORCHIDS 2
A Prantinc PLan For A DrEep-BAyvepD BORDER

Tue TEN Best HARDY CONIFERS” - .

Tue REAL THING IN GREENHOUSE CONSTRUCTION = <

THE Joys oF A “CooL GREENHOUSE” -

—

AUGUST, 1906

PAGE

S. W. Fletcher IO

Wilhelm Miller 13

Photographs by A. R. Dugmore, Verne Morton, and others

I. G. Tabor 16

iN

Sketches by the auth-r

Io NV. Dune ith

Photographs by W. Fischer and N. R. Graves

Leonard Barron 20
Photographs by N. R. Graves, G. F. Morgan, and others

P. T. Barnes 23

Photographs by N. R. Graves, Vermont Experiment Station, and others

BuLps ror AUGUST PLANTING = =

FLOWER SEEDS FOR SUMMER SOWING = =

Few Bucs IN CLEAN GARDENS = 2

PLANT EVERGREENS IN AUGUST - = = =
THe CALIFORNIAN’S REMINDER

PLANT Pot-GROWN STRAWBERRIES IN AUGUST -

Thomas McAdam 27

Photographs by N. R. Graves, Henry Troth, and others

We Clark Zo
Photographs by N. R. Graves and H. Troth
CuLturRAL GuipE To Harpy Orcuips - Wilhelm Miller 38

E. D. Sanderson 40

Photograph by the author

GARDEN PUBLICATIONS - 2 : : Z i Se aA

JP ME eid

- Itynest Braunton 46
Mey JB

WILHELM MILLER, Epitor.—Coryricut, 1906, ry DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

Entered as second-class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at N

ew York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879.

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The cost of “Standard” Ware is moderate and its installation
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CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Ware bears our “Standard” “Green and Gold” guarantee label, and has
our trade-mark “Standard” cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-mark are on the fixture it is not “Standard”
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Sa SR HES
Sohoges tT

AvcustT, 1906

in September

EONIES can be and are planted at
any time during the spring and
fall, but September is the very

best time for transplanting them, and if
planted then they will bloom the follow-
ing June; if large undivided clumps are
planted a splendid display of bloom can
be had. Peonies are one of our great
specialties, and our list of varieties is the
most comprehensive in America. We
have now over fifty thousand plants to
offer.

SPECIMEN PLANTS

Of many varieties we can furnish
large undivided clumps at three to five
times the price quoted below or in our
catalogue. Immediate effects can be

obtained by planting these large clumps
in September.

The finer varieties of Peonies surpass
the finest roses in coloring, form and size. They are absolutely hardy and of the easiest culture. They should be planted in deep, rich
soil, three to four feet apart. Below we offer a small selection of extra fine and good varieties, but our catalogue contains descriptions of
over three hundred sorts. Our price list, the most comprehensive catalogue of Hardy Plants, Trees, Shrubs and Bulbs published, may
be had for the asking. Write for catalogue or make order on order blank below.

ORDER BLANK

PRICES (6 at the dozen rate,
50 at the 100 rate)

PEONIES Bes

Each doz.

To ELLIOTT: NURSERY COMPANY, Pittsburg, Pa.

(J. WILKINSON ELLIorTT, Pres.)

PEONIES Eee

Tach d z.

Quantity
Wanted

--Humei. rosea. A splendid old sort, with deep
rose flowers ; one of the latest to bloom..

--Louis Van Houtte. Large flower of lively

Quantity
Wanted

----Tenuifolia flore pleno. _ Deeply cut fringe-
like foliage; flowers bright scarlet crimson;
rare and fine

Quantity
Wanted
..Arthemise. Large flowers; lovely soft rose
and salmon; very beautiful..............
..-Blush White. A good variety, with blush
flowers, turning white after opening 20 20

PEONIES Bes

Each doz.

$1 00 $.... fo 30 $3 00

$o 50 $5 00 }

.-Festiva Maxima.

-- Formosa.

.-Caroline Allain. Beautiful blush, center sul-
phur, tipped white 30 3
--Comte d’Osmont. White with sulphur center 30 3
.»Couronne d’Or (Golden Crown). Large, im-
bricated white flower, yellow reflex with
stripes of carmine and golden stamens; ex-

beautiful
--Dugueslin.
.-Edulis alba. Large white flower, with some
stains of carmine in the center; very pretty

--Edulis superba. Very large flower of per-
fect shape ; beautiful brilliant tinted violet,
mixed with whitish ligules; silver reflex..
.-Festiva. Dwarf, pure white, center carmine-

Very large, pure white
flower, with some blood-red stains in center;
tall stalks, beautiful foliage, and very free-
flowering. One of the very best white
Peonies in cultivation

Pretty convex flower; sulphur
white, stigmates lively red; very beautiful

--Grandiflora nivea. Very large, pute white
flower, shaded with sulphur, lovely rose and

salmon withsome stains of carmine;a variety

of perfect loveliness. ......202e++eee---eee 2 00

Sioned eh te Sia heed ee Cea er

Address

--Mme. de Verneville. Ve

--R. H. Boggs.

violet-red; very brilliant; a very beautiful
variety 40

-M. Dupont. Large, cup-shaped flower, per-

fect shape, sulphur white, carmine edge, extra 75

.»Mixed Varieties. This mixture is made up

from varieties of which we have not sufficient
to catalogue. It does not contain the best
varieties but the quality is extremely good
for the low price quoted Per 100, $15.00

pretty anemone
flowers, very full; collar of large petals, those
of the center very close; carnation-white and
sulphur, sometimes carmine; extra

-Old Double Crimson. This fine old Peony

is very effective when planted in masses; one

of the earliest to bloom Per 100 $20.00

.-Phrynee. White, center light yellow, blotched

red; extra

.-Preciosa Nova. Blush-pink, center shading

(OCH bad SagudcoocEpouDodduagDoUdeDEDddOS

..Prince deSalm Dyck. Lovely Lilac, chamois

center, tufted lilac

.-Rubra superba (Richardson). Grand globe-

shaped flower; purplish crimson; very late.
One of the finest reds in cultivation........

Crimson outer petals, with
flesh-white center; distinct and fine

..Solfaterre. Collar of large, pure white petals,

those of the center narrow and sulphur-yel-
low. One of the best

-.Tenuifolia. Same as following variety, but

with beautiful single flowers

CD OdOOO Doon DOOD UDG o Oo DD DO. 0 5 O'G oD 6% 0 Oo

5 per cent. may be deducted if cash is sent with order

---» Triomphe de ]’Exposition de Lille. Large,
imbricated flowers, soft carnaticn-pink, with
white reflex, carmine center; very fresh col-

I 00 10 00

...-Whitleyi. White; large and sweet.....- es 35

. KELWAY VARIETIES

----Lady Carrington. Flesh very fine, sweet-smelling.
First-class Certificate, R. H.S

----Baroness Schroeder. Lovely flesh-pink. First-
class Certificate, R. B.S

--».Duchess of Teck. An excellent variety, large and
of good form, attractively colored, creamy white
and bright pink. First-class Certificate, R. B. S.;
Award of Merit, R.H.S

-.--DuKe of Cambridge. A very handsome bright
crimson flower; a superb variety; the very best of
its color

----Duke of Clarence. Cream,
First-class Certificate, R. B

----Venus. Flesh-pink, with shades of salmon; most
delicate; a beautiful colored plate of this variety
has appeared in The Garden

JAPANESE PEONIES Per
Each doz.
++--Double and SemisDouble. In 25 va-
rieties. hese are really very choice
and distinct from varieties grown in
this country, and will give the greatest

3 59

Each

Per
roo

Satisfactionshee esse eee eee $o 60 $6 00 $45 00

----Single. In 25 varieties. The finest
Single Peonies undoubtedly come from
Jap n. They are equal or superior
to single sorts coming from Europe
costing three times as much

© 72 7 50 55 00

Bee trarden Magazine

VoL. IV—No. 1

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

Opportunities that Beginners Miss

4 Ree beginner is off his guard in August.
With the garden yielding its full har-
vest, the idea of planting anything never
enters his mind. Yet there are fourteen
kinds of vegetables worth sowing in August.
To be sure, four of them are mere “‘stunts,”’
but the others are important food items.

The beginner can save a year on straw-
berries by buying potted strawberry plants in
August. They may cost ten cents each but
they are worth it for if you set out ordinary
strawberry plants this fall, they will not fruit
until 1908, while potted plants will give you
berries next spring. (The leading seedsmen
and nurserymen now issue ‘midsummer
price-lists’”” of strawberries and celery.
Have you ever seen one?)

Most beginners are afraid to plant celery.
They think it is too special or too—some-
thing. Now is your chance to repair this
mistake. Buy celery plants. They have been
twice transplanted and prepared for ship-
ment by express at this dramatic moment.

We shall never forget our first experience
with celery. (Perhaps we had beginner’s
luck.) But what a delicious vegetable! Try
it. You can’t do worse than fail.

GETTING OUT OF THE ‘‘AUGUST RUT”

Every item on this page represents a good
thing worth doing that is ordinarily forgotten.
Nearly every one can be done only in August.
The time to get ahead of your neighbors is
when they are off guard. Only wide-awake
people read this page—and they mostly fall
asleep during its perusal.

Do you know why you see so few white
lilies in the gardens of this country? It is
because the best one has to be planted in
August. (Unlike other lilies, it has to make
a leaf growth this fall.) Few know it.
Most who do forget it.

Do you know that lovely flower, the Span-
ish iris or ‘‘poor man’s orchid”? - Same
reason.

Then there is the wonderful giant lily with
spikes four feet long!

Six other bulbous flowers like these are

AUGUST, 1906

{one DOLLAR A YEAR
TEN CENTS A COPY

mentioned on page 27.

And what a goodly
company they are!

SAVING MONEY IN AUGUST

We are ashamed to confess that we never
heard of Wapanucka, Indian Territory, but
we are grateful to a subscriber there for ask-
ing this pertinent question:

“Will you not publish ways and means for
poor people who have to stint themselves to
buy plants? This is the shortcoming of the
high class periodical literature.”’

The time-honored way to save money in
gardening is to raise plants from seed. It
takes longer, but it’s more fun. A packet
of seed costs a nickel and you can often raise
a hundred plants from it. One good peren-
nial packed and labelled ought to cost fifteen
cents and often does cost a quarter—plus
express. And how those quarters count up!

Do you realize that August is the time to
raise perennials from seed? Now is the
appointed time to sow all those precious old-
fashioned flowers that are full of sentiment
and home associations. And the best place
to sow them is in a coldframe because you
can keep heavy rains from washing away
the little seeds and seedlings. Think of
foxgloves, larkspurs, Canterbury bells, and
all the well-beloved host!

We hope our friend in Indian Territory
will find what*she wants in Mr. Clark’s ar-
ticle this month. If not, let her speak up and
she shall have her wants satisfied, if it is a
possible thing.

PREPARE NOW FOR CHRISTMAS

Some of the most precious flowers of the
holiday season are the ones that have to be
started in August. You must order your
Bermuda lilies and freesias in August if you
want their chaste, fragrant blossoms in time
for the family reunion on Christmas day.

ARE YOUR HOUSE PLANTS SATISFACTORY ?

Is it too much trouble to raise flowers in
the house?

Do you have those yellow, leggy, lop-sided
plants that bend so appealingly toward the
light—of which they never get enough?

Those pallid scarecrows, according to a
learned German physiologist, (Sorauer), are
suffering from alcoholism! ‘The soggy roots
actually develop alcohol.

- Did it ever occur to you that you might own
a little greenhouse or conservatory that
would cut out all this trouble and that in-
stead of continually apologizing for the con-
dition of your plants, you might have some-
thing in which you could take pride, as well
as solid comfort, every day?

We once heard the great peach king, Mr.
J. H. Hale, utter a pathetic remark about

greenhouses. He was visiting a college pro-
fessor who managed to squeeze out of his
small salary enough to run a little greenhouse.
It was in the dead of winter and the snow and
wind were raging outside. As he ‘‘sized up”
the snug little outfit, he fetched a long sigh
and said, ‘“‘Gee! Professor, I’d be willing to
give two or three of my orchards for some-
thing like this.”

But Mr. Hale will never get it. He is in
the August rut. He forgets to inquire at the
proper time. He will not have his building
up before snow flies. His family will have
no flowers of their own raising for Christmas.
And he will go through life nursing the de-
lusion that a greenhouse is beyond his means.

Isit? No more so than a trip to Europe!
And both are good to read about.

PLANT EVERGREENS THIS AUGUST

Not one word of complaint has reached us
from the readers whom we advised last year
to plant evergreens in August. If you plant
your conifers in August you avoid the spring
rush and the danger of delayed shipments.
August is better than September because the
evergreens have a longer time in which to get
settled before winter comes. Many ad-
vanced horticulturists now believe that more
evergreens are ruined by summer drought
than by winter cold and therefore the August
planting of evergreens gains converts every
year. But remember that August evergreens
must have a perfect ball of roots protected by
burlap or other covering.

VEGETABLES FOR AUGUST SOWING

Sow New Zealand spinach once a week
during August. It is the hot weather sub-
stitute for common spinach.

The only reliable lettuce for the dog days
is Black-seeded Simpson.

Sow Early Valentine beans twice during
August. They mature in forty-five days.

Mustard is a pot-herb the young leaves of
which are ready to cook twenty days after
seed sowing.

Did you ever have any vegetables in March
from your garden? ‘Try corn salad and
Welsh onion. Sow the seeds in August and
cover the corn salad in winter with litter.

Salsify sown in August and left undis-
turbed till spring will be twice ordinary size.

Tuberous chervil has -turnip-like roots
which are boiled or eaten in stews. Sow
seeds in August as seeds kept dry over winter
sprout poorly, if at all.

Sow Nott’s Excelsior or American Wonder
peas August 1st for September use.

Last chance to sow Country Gentleman
sweet corn or whatever is your favorite vari-
ety. After August rst, the only chance is an
early variety like Cory.

The Humble Currant and Gooseberry—By S. W. Fletcher "ire.te:

EVEN HERE THERE ARE QUALITY VARIETIES—LARGER BUNCHES AND MORE OF THEM PRODUCED BY A SYSTEM
OF PRUNING THAT ANYONE CAN MASTER—ENGLISH GOOSEBERRIES THAT ARE ALMOST AS LARGE AS PLUMS

“| Pe peculiar merit of currants and
gooseberries is their reliability. They
occupy an humble place in the fruit garden,
but we could ill afford to spare them from it,
not only because of the excellent jellies, jams
and sauces they make, but also because they
have the cheerful habit of yielding a crop of
fruit every year. They are the hardiest of
our common fruits, and very easy to protect,
if planted in a trying climate. Moreover,
these two fruits take up less space, in pro-
portion to the amount of fruit produced,
than most other small fruits. They are
easily grown, reliable, and compact; these
three points commend currants and goose-
berries for the garden, especially the sub-
urban garden where space may be limited and
conditions not ideal.

In America the currant is much more pop-
ular than the gooseberry; the reverse is true
in England. English gardeners have de-
veloped many hundred of varieties of goose-
berries, some of them bearing fruits of im-
mense size and weight, occasionally even
three to five ounces. But their gooseberries are
grown very largely for dessert use; they are
allowed to ripen on the bushes and are eaten
out of hand. In this country very few
gooseberries are eaten except in jelly, jam,
sauce or canned; for these purposes they are
picked while still very green. Probably this
is partly because the common American
varieties are not nearly as good to eat out of
hand as the best English sorts. The English
varieties are successful here in only a few
localities; they need more moisture and
coolness than our summers afford. Never-
theless, it is to be regretted that Americans
do not look with greater favor upon ripe
gooseberries as a dessert fruit and endeavor
to breed American varieties of high quality.

COOLNESS AND MOISTURE NEEDED

Both these fruits love coolness and mois-
ture; hence they do not thrive in a hot, dry
climate, either in the South or inland. Cur-
rants and gooseberries can be grown on the
higher altitudes of most parts of the South,
but are worthless in the lowlands. Like the

Prince Albert currant. A very productive variety,
and largely grown for canning

A standard grown currant. The bush form is
usually preferred in America, because the borers are
then less injurious. La Versaillaise, one of the best
red varieties, large and productive

brambles, they prefer a northern slope. In
a small garden a northern site may be made
to order by planting them on the north side
of a building. Shade is beneficial to them
because it cools; it is therefore common to
plant currants and gooseberries between
rows of fruit trees; a practice good for the
small fruits, but apt to be hard on the tree
fruits, unless they are given intensive culture.
In a closely planted city or suburban garden
currants and gooseberries do better than the
other fruits, especially if the canes are kept
well thinned to prevent disease.

Currants are less imperative about their
surroundings than gooseberries; the latter
much prefer a rich bottom soil and are quite
at home on fairly stiff clay, but are impatient
of the lighter soils on which currants will get
along fairly well. While strong loams are
preferred, almost any soil, even a light, sandy
loam, will grow currants and gooseberries
worth the trouble, but such soils should be
built up with rotted manure before and after
planting. Humus is nearly as essential to

10

success in growing currants and gooseberries
as in growing raspberries and blackberries;
for much humus in the soil, especially if from
manure, furnishes the richness, coolness
and moisture in which these fruits delight.

PLANTING

Except in the northernmost localities, fall
planting is better than spring planting. The
spring planting is apt to be delayed and the
conditions for growth are most favorable in
early spring. At any time between Septem-
ber first and frost, planting may be done
The plants should be one or two years old,
the latter being preferred, if not undersized.
Fall set plants should be heavily mulched.
If planting is delayed until spring, let it be
done very early. The distances for setting
commonly recommended vary from 4 x 4 ft.
to 6x4 ft. for red and white currants and
gooseberries. Black currants, being larger,
are set one-half farther apart.

MULCHING OFTEN SATISFACTORY

The plants may be tilled or mulched. In
a majority of fruit gardens tillage is probably
preferable, since other parts of the fruit
garden must be tilled. But both currants
and gooseberries thrive well under a mulch
of straw, manure, or even of ashes three or
four inches deep. In the dryer parts of the
Middle West, mulching gives better results
than tillage. The mulching should begin
at planting time, by putting several forkfuls
of manure around each plant. As the plant
grows the mulched area is widened, and new
material is applied each year. In some
cases it may be best to mulch beneath the
plants and till between the rows. Because
they lend themselves so readily to the mulch
system, currants and gooseberries are well
adapted for planting on the borders of the
fruit garden, where tillage cannot be given.
Tillage, if practised, should be shallow, and
should be stopped about the same time as the
tillage of other small fruits.

THE PRUNING THAT GIVES LARGE BUNCHES

_ Little pruning or training is needed the
first summer, except to pinch back shoots
that outstrip the others. If the plants are

Lancashire Lad; a popular English gooseberry
freer from mildew than most English varieties

AvuGeustT, 1906

to be trained in tree form, with but one stem,
all suckers should be rubbed off; but this
is not usually desirable except for extra choice
fruit. The bush form, with several stems, is
preferable. It gives more fruit than the tree
form and there is less danger of the plant
being killed by borers. At the close of the
first, second, and third seasons no pruning is
necessary except to thin out weak or crowding
shoots and to head back shoots growing out of
bounds. The third year the plants should
bear a fair crop. By the end of the fourth
year some of the oldest wood may need to be
removed.

The vital point in pruning currants and
gooseberries is to secure and to preserve
every year a number of vigorous young shoots
from the roots, and to cut out every year
some of the oldest wood. Many backyard
currant bushes produce very small bunches of
inferior quality, not because they are under-
fed, but because they are full of black, gnarly
branches, which are too old and too weak to
develop strong fruit buds. The largest
bunches and largest currants are borne at the
base of one-year-old shoots, or on short one-
year-old spurs; the best gooseberries are
borne on two- and three-year-old wood.
Therefore, to get the highest quality of both
fruits, it is necessary to keep up a continuous
supply of vigorous shoots. Cut out the
oldest branches the fourth year and each
year thereafter, leaving no wood over three
years old. Leave from six to twelve of the
strongest shoots of the past season’s growth,
and cut out all spindling shoots. Very long
shoots may be headed back. Branches that
lie upon the ground should be removed, as
these never bear the best fruit. Try to dis-
tribute the shoots regularly over the plant;
cut out crowding branches, as in tree pruning.
Do not hesitate to cut out half the bush if
that is necessary to rid it of devitalized old
wood and of weak young wood. The com-
mon mistake in pruning currants and goose-
berries is to let the bushes stay too thick.
Pruning may be done in the fall or in early
spring, before the buds break. Cut out
borer-infested shoots when pruning.

LITTLE FERTILIZING NEEDED

Aside from the annual mulching with
rotted manure no fertilizer is needed in most
fruit gardens. This mulch should be spread
around the bushes in the fall and worked into
the soil in the spring, unless the plants are
to be mulched continuously. On rich but
moist soils, however, manuring can be over-
done. Currants, especially, are liable to
make wood growth at the expense of fruit
bearing if stimulated too highly with manure.
A potash fertilizer, as unleached wood ashes,
often greatly improves the quality of currants
and gooseberries grown on strong soils.

THE HARVEST

A strong currant plant should yield from
two or five pounds of high grade fruit.
Gooseberries usually outyield currants. Cur-
rants should be picked when dry. One of
the satisfactory things about both is that
the fruit can remain on the bushes for a long
time without seriously injuring their culinary

THE, GAR DEN

MAGAZINE

Six good currants for the home garden.
Market, White Grape, Transparent,
superior in table quality to the red sorts

or dessert value. Currants may hang for
several weeks after quite ripe, gaining in
quality all the time. Pick them by pinching
off the branches, do not pull off the berries.
The thorns of gooseberries are bothersome
to the picker if he tries to reach in for the
berries, but if he lifts up a branch with one
hand and picks the berries, which are mostly
on the lower side of the branch, with the
other hand, he will avoid scratches. The
thornless varieties have not yet proved to be
of special value.

VARIETIES FOR HOME USE

The most popular varieties of red currants
are Victoria, Cherry, Versaillaise and Fay.
The Prince Albert is often grown for a late
sort. The Wilder is perhaps the best of the
newer varieties. The white varieties should
be grown in the fruit garden more than at
present, because they are somewhat better in
quality than the red sorts, and equally pro-
ductive. White Grape and White Imperial

From left to right the
Pomona and Moore's Select.

11

bunches are
The white

London Red, London
varieties are slightly

are reliable. The European black sorts are
very seldom grown in America; the odor
of the plant and the flavor of the fruit are
very disagreeable to most people. But this
disagreeable odor and flavor can be removed
from the fruit by scalding and it then makes a
jam which is preferred to red currant jam by
many. Macerated black currants put into
cold water make a delicious and refreshing
summer drink. Because of these advan-
tages and also because they are not attacked
by currant worms, there should be at least a
few bushes of black currants in the fruit
garden. Black Naples is grown the most.

The most popular gooseberries in. America
are Downing, Houghton and Pale Red, all
varieties of our native gooseberry. The
plants are very thrifty, productive and free
from disease. The fruit is unexcelled for pie,
jam, sauce and jelly; and while not equal to
most of the English sorts for eating out of
hand, some people consider them good
enough. Improved dessert varieties of our

Downing gooseberry. A popular American variety of exceptional merit.

Easy to grow, and does not mildew

A six year old cherry currant bush before

pruning.

THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

It is not in bad condition, but needs thinning. The

chief point in pruning is to remove all branches over three years old

native gooseberries are being developed by
crossing with the European sorts and by
selection from the natives. Some of the
best of the English sorts, of which there are
over a thousand, for American fruit gar-
dens are Chautauqua, Columbus, Industry,
Triumph. The English sorts are less vig-
orous and productive than the natives and
are apt to mildew badly, but their large size
and high quality commend them to us.

REPLANTING

Currants and gooseberries will live and
bear good fruit for many years, but it is
better to set out new plants on a new site
every eight to twelve years. The bushes

become crowded and harder to manage as
they get older, and the fruit is apt to deter-
iorate in size. The plants cost so little and
come into bearing so quickly that it is doubt-
ful if it is wise to keep even the best of plants
longer than twelve years or to attempt to re-
juvenate neglected plants over eight years old.

THE COMMON TROUBLES

Currants and gooseberries have few
troubles. None of these mentioned here are
serious if the remedies are applied in season.

Gooseberry mildew. This is the most
troublesome disease of gooseberries. It
attacks the English varieties especially, being
much more serious in those sections of our

After pruning.
and the top has been thinned.

The branches that lie on the ground (old canes and weak shoots) have been removed,
The old wood will never bear again

AuGcust 1906

country having a hot, dry climate, partic-
ularly in the interior, than in the more humid
climate of England. The native varieties
are not immune to it, but seldom are seriously
injured. It appears as a cobweb-like patch
on the young leaves and on the ends of young
shoots, killing or checking them. The
young fruits are also attacked, and are made
unfit to eat. The whole plant may be ser-
iously checked or even killed by successive
attacks.

Varieties differ somewhat in their sus-
ceptibility to the disease, but none are im-
mune. Spray with potassium sulphide, at
the rate of one ounce to two gallons of water.
Make the first spraying as the leaves unfold
and repeat from three to five times as needed.
Bordeaux is almost equally effective for the
early sprayings, but it stains the fruit if used
after the berries are half grown. Much
can be done to prevent the disease by good
culture and by keeping the shoots from
crowding.

Anthracnose or leaj spot is a fungous dis-
ease that makes small brown spots in the
leaves, which often are so numerous as to
cause the leaves to turn yellow and drop. It
attacks both currants and gooseberries. By
the middle of August, and sometimes before
the fruit is ripe, the plant may be completely
defoliated. This not only prevents the com-
plete ripening of the fruit then on the plants
but also reduces the crop of next year, since
the fruit buds are not well developed. A
second growth of foliage may appear. The
preventive—Bordeaux applied as the leaves
appear and again two weeks later and once
more after the fruit is harvested—is simple
and very effective.

Currant worm. A small fly, about the size
of a house fly, lays eggs on the under side of
the leaves. The worms are at first white,
later green, with black spots, and finally
green, tinged with yellow. ‘They appear at
various times throughout the season, and
when full grown are about three-quarters of
an inch long. There are usually two broods.
All the leaves may be eaten from a plant in
two or three days, so currant and gooseberry
bushes must be examined frequently, espec-
ially the lower leaves, which the worms are
likely to attack first. Spray with a poison
as soon as worms are seen, or put the poison

_into the Bordeaux when spraying for mildew

and leaf spot. After the fruit is half grown
use white powdered hellebore at the rate of
one-half ounce to a gallon of water. This is
equally effective earlier in the season.

Currant borer. In early summer a blue,
wasp-like moth lays eggs near the tip of a
shoot. The white worms hatching from
these burrow down the centre of the shoots.
Infested shoots look sickly. The treatment
is to cut out and burn the infested shoots
when pruning in early spring. Do not allow
very old canes to remain on the plant. —

San Jose’scale is very partial to currants
and it is not averse. to gooseberries. It is
quite easily kept in check or exterminated
on both these fruits, because they can be
sprayed so easily and thoroughly. The
lime-sulphur spray applied in early spring is
preferred.

The Cultivation of Hardy Orchids—By Wilhelm Miller *,

AN ATTEMPT TO PUT OUR IGNORANCE OF THE SUBJECT INTO SHAPE FOR DEFINITE EXPERI-
MENT BY AMATEURS WHO ARE WILLING TO BUY THE PLANTS INSTEAD OF ROBBING NATURE

N° ONE really knows how to grow
hardy orchids. There are sixty spe-
cies in the northeastern United States and
not one of them will ever become a common
garden plant. Most of them are too small,
and all require special conditions. Hun-
dreds of people can make them live for a
year or two. A few people have colonies of
a dozen plants that have flowered regularly
for five or six years. No one seems to have
naturalized them on a large scale.

Unless we can supply those special con-
ditions it is worse than folly to transplant
orchids from the woods. It is vandalism.
The orchids are the shyest of our woodland
treasures and the most.in danger of exter-
mination. Even if you buy them from a
nurseryman your conscience is not clear,
unless you want them for serious experi-
ment. Practically all of the hardy orchids
sold are collected from the wild. A few are
slowly propagated in the nursery. Some are
grown on from the seedling stage to flowering
size, the seedlings being gathered from the
wild. None of them are grown from seed.
Any one who will find a practical way of
growing hardy orchids from seed or any
other method of propagating them with a
reasonable degree of rapidity and cheapness
will be doing a great service to his fellows
and himself. Perhaps it might be done in
five years at a cost of $100 or less. But the
important thing is to establish a large colony.

THE THREE CULTURAL GROUPS

We find orchids growing wild in three
radically different situations—in woods,
swamps and sphagnum bogs. No one has
a right to say that any given species will grow
only in woods, or that it demands wet feet,
or will not grow without sphagnum. How-
ever, the important practical question in
every case is, “‘which one of the three situa-
tions does the plant we want seem to prefer.”’

THE TWO KINDS OF BOG

A common swamp is full of nitrogen and

The best hardy yellow orchids, the large

Fig. 1.
yellow lady’s slipper (Cypripedium pubescens).
pale yellow lip. A cultivated group

It hasa

of the organisms of decay; a sphagnum bog
is poor in nitrogen and contains no bac-
teria. That is why sunken logs are pre-
served for centuries in peat bogs, and that is
why certain orchids, heaths and insectivorous
plants inhabit sphagnum bogs. The pitcher

plants and sundews have to catch insects in
order to get enough protein.

The others

Fig. 2. The showy orchis (Orchis spectabilis) a
pinKish purple flower found in the heart of rich
woods. Every line of it spells ‘“‘orchid”’

are supposed to be able to get along with
very little nitrogen.

The species that are supposed to prefer
sphagnum as well as wet feet are the grass
pink, the Arethusa and the rose pogonia.
The Calypso grows in sphagnum bogs, but
in shaded parts, where the moss cannot live.

The species supposed to prefer wet feet,
merely, are the yellow-fringed orchis, the
smaller purple-fringed orchis, and the ladies’
tresses.

The chances are that it will pay to use
sphagnum in cultivating all the above named
species whether they grow wild in sphagnum
bogs or not. You can buy this moss from
florists, nurserymen or seedsmen.

None of the above species is known to
demand either sun or shade, but if you in-
tend to grow them in the open you must be
sure that there is a foot of wet mud beneath
them all the time. Probably all of them will
thrive in partial shade also. For example,
‘“‘T have seen thousands of the smaller purple-
fringed orchis in full sun,” writes one ob-
server, ‘“‘yet the finest specimens I have
found were in partial shade.”’

THE WOODS-LOVING SPECIES

Fortunately, all the other orchids, so far as
we know, are satisfied with partial shade and
a reasonable degree of moisture. Good
garden soil is moist enough (except in time of
drought), and every garden can supply some

13

kind of shade. We may presume that the
ideal is to reproduce the cool moist atmos-
phere of the woods, the abundance of dif-
fused light, the free circulation of air with-
out drying winds, protection from the fierce
midday sun and above all a mellow, spongy
soil full of leaf mold.

Woods-loving orchids should never have
stagnant moisture. If your soil is heavy,
throw out two feet of it, put in stones at the
bottom for drainage and fill in with woods-
earth. Then you can give them plenty of
water in summer without fear of overdoing
it. They want less moisture when the foli-
age is ripening and they must not be damp
in winter. Cover them lightly with leaves
or litter in November, but do not use manure.
A loose summer mulch is desirable in order to
prevent excessive evaporation.

THE NINE BEST SPECIES

“Which are the six best hardy orchids ?”’
I asked the four specialists who have doubt-
less sold nine-tenths of all the native orchids
in cultivation. Here is the result:

Showy lady’s slipper........... 4 votes
Large yellow lady’s slipper..... 4 votes
Rattlesnake plantain ........... 4 votes
Small white lady’s slipper...... 3 votes
Small yellow lady’s slipper ..... 2 votes
Large purple-fringed orchis..... 2 votes
Yellow-fringed orchis........... 2 votes
SOA, Orv oscacsassnsacsocne 2 votes
Gigs jotlle podeosasscacsacoascs I vote

THE BEST PINK LADY’S SLIPPER

Everyone is agreed that by far the loveliest
of all hardy orchids is the showy lady’s
slipper (Cypripedium spectabile). See Fig. 5.
It may not have the largest flower, as is often
said, for the slipper or “‘lip”’ is not ordinarily
much more than an inch long, while that of
the moccasin flower is sometimes two and a
half inches. Its airy grace is due partly to

its shape—for it is rounder, more symmetri-
cal, more inflated than its rival—and partly
to its white petals and sepals.

The lip of

Fig. 3. The Rocky Mountain white lady's slipper
growing in nursery rows (Cypripedium montanum). It is
prettier than the Eastern species, fragrant, and sur-
vives the winters of Vermont if mulched

14

Fig.4. The moccasin flower (Cypripedium acaule)
is the largest orchid of all (flowers sometimes two and
a half inches long) but no one seems to have had
permanent success with it

the showy lady’s slipper varies from white
and blush to rosy purple, but it is typically
white, veined with pink.

This is the species that the millionaires
want to naturalize by the thousands in their
woods and it is to be hoped that they will
succeed. Luckily it is one of the easiest to
grow. It does particularly well in rhodo-
dendron beds. A small plant that will
flower the first year costs about thirty cents.
It blooms in June, and bears from one to
four flowers on a stalk. Although one
specialist assures me that he has never seen
it except in sphagnum I am positive that it
will grow in ordinary woods.

The moccasin flower (Cypripedium acaule)
is inferior to the showy lady’s slipper
in everything save size of blossom. Fig. 4

Fig. 5.

The best hardy orchid in the world, and
fortunately one of the easiest to grow—the showy

lady's slipper (Cypripedium spectabile). Flowers pink,
veined purple, with white petals and sepals

THE GAR DEN MAGAZINE

shows the depression in the upper part of the
lip which makes it look like a moccasin.
The lip is pink, with darker veins and the
sepals are greenish purple. It blooms
toward the end of May and has only one
flower. ‘The name acaule meaning ‘‘stem-
less,”? confuses beginners. The flower does
have a stalk, but it comes straight from the
root and bears no leaves as a true stem does.
This plant has only two leaves and they lie
on the ground. Here again the superiority
of the showy lady’s slipper is manifest for its
stem is clothed with singularly beautiful
foliage.

Why no one has made a permanent suc-
cess with the moccasin flower is a mystery.
Try it in a well-drained rock fissure or sur-
round it with pine needles.

THE BEST YELLOW LADY’S SLIPPERS

The large yellow lady’s slipper (Cypri-
pedium pubescens) is one of the three best
hardy orchids. See Fig. 1. It has a pale
yellow lip 14 to 2 inches long, while that of
the smaller species is only 4 to 1} inches.

The small yellow lady’s slipper (C.
parviflorum) almost atones for its shorter lip
by its fragrance and brighter color. See
Fig. 4. Miss Niles considers it the only
fragrant lady’s slipper of the Atlantic coast.

The beauty of both these species is
greatly enhanced by the brown sepals and
petals, especially the latter, which, though
narrower than the sepals, are long, pendant
and undulating. See Fig. 6. Both are woods-
orchids, but are also found in bogs, and
sometimes even in sphagnum.

THE BEST WHITE LADY’S SLIPPERS

The Eastern white lady’s slipper (C.
candidum) is not quite as beautiful as the
Rocky Mountain species, but it is hardier
and is supposed to be the most permanent of
all lady’s slippers and the most easily adapted
to various conditions.

The Rocky Mountain white lady’s slip-
per (C. montanum) has a lip an inch long,
which is slightly longer than those of the
Eastern species. See Fig. 5. The sepals
and petals are a good rich brown, while
those of the Eastern species are not parti-
cularly attractive, being greenish. This
species survives the winter of Vermont pro-
vided it is mulched. Both the white-
flowered species are woods-orchids.

OTHER TYPES OF ORCHID

The other types of orchid are too com-
plicated for vivid description but most of the
important ones are pictured herewith. Any-
one who intends to study hardy orchids
should have ‘Our Native Orchids” by
William Hamilton Gibson and “‘ Bog Trotting
with Orchids” by Grace Greylock Niles.
The former depicts every species; the latter
is rich in colored plates.

The rattlesnake plantain (Goodyera pu-
bescens) is one of the most desirable hardy
orchids in spite of its repellent name, and
inconspicuous greenish white flowers. Fig.
9 shows what is probably the largest colony
on record. This patch was about fourteen
feet long, two to four feet wide, contained

1906

AUGUST,

Fig. 6. The small yellow lady’s slipper (Cypripedr-
um parviflorum) almost atones for its smaller size by
its fragrance and brighter color. Perhaps the only
Eastern lady’s slipper that has a marked fragrance

hundreds of plants and carpeted the forest
floor at Eagle’s Mere, Pa., to the exclusion of
everything else. It is impossible not to
thrill at the first sight of the mosaic leaves
that proclaim this orchid. ‘These leaves are
all at the base of the plant, five to ten of
them in a rosette and beautifully netted with
white and green. I suspect that these
leaves are not shed in winter. Certainly they
are attractive for nine months in the year.
The preferred habitat is coniferous woods,
and in cultivating the species it is best to sur-
round the plants with pine needles and even
mix them with the soil for that seems to pre-
vent the leaves from damping off, which
they have been known to do even in hot
weather. Why this dainty flower should be
compared to a coarse weed like the plantain,

Fig 7. Habenaria orficulata, showing the character-
istic inflorescence of the genus Habenaria which has
over 400 species. One of the numerous greenish white
Kinds, which are not sufficiently showy for cultivation

AuGcusT, 1906

I can’t imagine. The “rattlesnake” part
of the name is clear enough for the Indians
considered this plant a cure for snake
bites. G. repens is smaller, but showier.

The showy orchis (Orchis spectabilis) is
another little artistocrat whose every line
spells ‘“‘orchid”’ to anyone who comes upon
the flower for the first time in the rich woods
it haunts. See Fig. 2. Whenever you see
on the ground two large fleshy leaves with
parallel venation, you may suspect the pres-
ence of an orchid treasure. This species
has a stem about six inches high, bearing
three or four inch-long flowers of purple,
pale purple and white.

The great genus Habenaria contains 400
species, of which eighteen are native to the
northeastern United States. Eight of these
will never amount to anything in cultivation
because they have greenish flowers, nor does
anyone show much enthusiasm over the
four white flowered species. The best kinds
are to be sought among the three yellow and
the three purple species. Of the former the
yellow-fringed orchis (Habenaria ciliaris)
is the showiest. It grows about two feet
high and bears about ten inch-long yellow
flowers.on a spike six inches long. It grows
in meadows all the way from Ontario to
Florida, and rejoices in wet feet and sun-
shine, though it has been cultivated in soil
that is merely moist.

Of the purple Habenarias, the best is the
large purple-fringed orchid (H. jimbriata).
This glorious species has been known to
attain a height of five feet, with racemes
fifteen inches long, two and a half inches
wide and densely packed with lilac or pur-
plish flowers. It blooms in June. The
peculiar beauty of this orchid is its broad
three-parted lip, which is about half an inch
long, and particularly its copious fringe, in
which respect it surpasses all other native
orchids. Although a native of rich woods
and meadows, the safe thing would be to
supply it with wet feet, sphagnum and
partial shade.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The smaller purple-fringed orchis (Hlaben-
aria psycodes) is less desirable as the racemes
are only two to six inches long, and the fringe
is shorter. However, a meadow containing
thousands of them is such a lovely sight in
July or August that it hurts one to see a
farmer drain such a spot and add it to his
arable land. Whenever you hear of an
approaching catastrophe like this, you would
do a favor by writing to THE GARDEN Mac-
AZINE. Perhaps we can prevent it.

The fringed purple orchis (Hl. peramena)
has received high praise because its flowers
are larger, though they lack beautiful fringe.
The lip is three-quarters of an inch long and
violet-purple, darker than the two preceding
species. It blooms in midsummer in moist
meadows.

The charming little white orchid shown
on the cover of this number is known as
ladies’ tresses (Spiranthes cernua). We have
seven species in this genus. Four of them
have the spiral arrangement of flowers that
is the distinctive beauty of these orchids and
which has given them their generic name.
The species with nodding flowers generally
grows about eight inches high, with a spike
four to six inches long. It is one of those
fall-blooming species that always seem to
be out of season, for it has the exquisite
delicacy of a spring flower. I know a wet
sunny meadow where it grows by the hun-
dred along with fringed gentians—‘‘and I
didn’t tell you where.”’ It has been success-
fully cultivated both in sun and shade, in
wet soil, and in soil that was merely moist.

FOUR SPHAGNUM-LOVING PINK ORCHIDS

The Calypso is a lovely, rare orchid that
resembles a small lady’s slipper but the lip
does not make a perfect shoe. The plant is
only six inches high, blooms in June, has only
one leaf, bears a solitary flower and comes
from a bulb about half an inch thick. It
also has coral-like roots something like those
of the putty root orchid. ‘These peculiar
roots are supposed to be associated with a

Fig. 9. Prattlesnake plantain (Goodyera pubescens), beloved for its mottled leaves and spikes of dainty white

flowers.

Showing part of a colony which is supposed to be the largest on record.

Fig. 8. One of the four bulbous, pinKish-flowered
species that delight in sunny sphagnum bogs. The
grass pink (Calopogon vulcheilus). Fls. 1 in. across

saprophytic condition and no saprophyte (a
plant that lives on decaying vegetable matter)
of importance except the mushroom, has
ever been successfully cultivated.

Arethusa is another bog-loving bulbous
species with solitary rosy purple flowers an
inch long and sometimes two inches. Its
distinctive feature is its big gaping mouth.
This species and the next are believed to be
more nearly confined to sphagnum bogs than
any other species.

Everything that has been said of Arethusa
applies to the Pogonia (P. o phioglossoides)
except that the flower is only half an inch
long, pale rose, and distinguished by a short
fringed lip instead of a gaping mouth.

The grass pink (Calopogon pulchellus)
grows about a foot high and has several
purplish pink flowers about an inch across.
See Fig. 8. While it is supposed to prefer
sphagnum bogs, it also grows wild in mea-
dows and even in sand, and it has been
successfully cultivated on garden soil. Never-
theless, the safe thing is to give it wet feet
full sun and sphagnum.

THE LESS SHOWY ORCHIDS

I have examined into the horticultural
merits of all the other hardy native orchids
and believe that they are too small and incon-
spicuous ever to have any garden value, but
if I am mistaken I shall be glad to be cor-
rected. Asa matter of record I will say that
the following species are catalogued by
reliable nurserymen, (as are also all the spe-
cies mentioned above); 4 plectrum hyemale,
Goodyera Menziesii, Habenaria orbiculata,
Liparis liliifolir, L. Loeselii, and Tipularia
discolor. We shall be glad to hear from
anyone who would like to take up orchid
culture seriously. We have some notes by
excellent observers which we shall be glad to
turn over to someone who will carry on the
subject.

New
York

A Planting Plan for a Deep-Bayed Border—By I. G. Tabor

SHOWING HOW TO CREATE REAL LANDSCAPE VISTAS IN A BACK YARD 100 FEET DEEP—
THE EVERGREENS, WHICH ARE TO SCREEN UNSIGHTLY OBJECTS, TO FORM A WINDBREAK,
AND TO ACT AS BACKGROUND;FOR4THE FLOWERS, SHOULD BE PLANTED IN AUGUST

HERE is no arrangement whereby
greater depth or more sense of distance

can be given in small space, than the device
of planting the shrubbery so as to form deep
recesses like those shown. From the house
the view is into each recess or bay, while

white, and the palest mauve and pink tints

next to it so as get a blending of the colors.
When all the blossoms have gone, there

will still be the scarlet berries of the ever-

green thorn (No. 4), and the fruits of the
cornels, euonymous and roses (Nos. 3, 14,
and 11) to brighten the distance.

The second recess is different entirely,

PLANTING LIST

|

from a point opposite this border, the flowers ane | 110. "or |) anes
growing in the depths of each would not be COMMON NAME | STANDARD AND TRADE NAMES | eae COLOR Bee SAYA
seen at all, thus affording continuous changes |
of floral effects as one moves about the Te Arbonvites eee eer ee ne Thuya occidentalis ............. Gopal Evergreen. ee! 17 ..-| Evergreen
garden. 2. De pine Bi ies | hae eta ee Rls : to 10 Ee al onc] 4 «0! Everpreen
: : 3 -Os 700. Be ; Rp tmeaaan: ee be n
Particularly is the shape of the large 3. Red-osier dogwood ... ornus sto onifera (C. alba ed Stems...| 4 June
2 4. Evergreen thorn | Pyracantha coccinea, (Crategus |
recess at the rear, farthest from the house, to Riyracantha) ene eee eerie: 6 to 20..| White......- | 4...| May, June
be noticed. The tall shrubs and two ever- Sean perae cere eee Juniperus communis............ | 40.......| Evergreen .... 6...| Evergreen —
greens are ca arried out a considerable distance 6. Japan ane Senos 5 Peay Faponica....... : senior 3 to 6... oe S006 | Dac! ue April
Q g Y = LIOTLUN ET Ola yal siel at Poosons| po | Tl
from the end of the lot, and the outline of the 7. Fortune’s golden be orsythia suspensa, var. Fortunet ellow 3 Pp
¢ a 8. Japanese barberry | Berberis Thunbergi ............ Size Yellow ...... 4...| May
planting forms an ellipse open at the one end. g. Thunberg’s spirea Spiraea: Mhunber eres wie e Sree eae Wihitelererr 4...-| April, May
The effect is to form not only a deep recess, 10. Wayfaring tree Viburnum Lantana............- ois aiaeec | White....... 2...| May, June
but a true pocket. Viewed from the house, 11. Russian rose ....... Rosa Rte (a. var. alba, r. var. sae *
Bo lee G . , TUDO) ta teeter Taney ES (Seated | White, purple) 9...) May
Lis ie wae Whose a a See ae ie 12. Showy azalea....... Azalea Indica, var. amena..... 2 to 4...| Crimson..... 14....| April, May
leading through the border into something Taven| apaleicis ice eee Tris levigata (I. Kempferi) ..... Bhi ok | Various...... | 40...| June, July
beyond, presumably a wider open Space 14. Japan spindle tree....... Euonymus alatus.............- sono oae | Yellowish....| 5). | June
similar to the lawn in the foreground; andan_ 15. High cranberry Viburnum Opulus.........-.-.. TDi nee | ee eee 3+: A
opportunity for some sweet conceit of garden- 16. Golden elder...... Sambucus nigra, vat. aurea...... 12 to 25..} he venees 2...| 2
: i earns 17. Smooth sumach IES AM ogc 350q000c607e05% 1o to 1s..) Red fruit..... 1. July
nets On the plot marked No. 10 (waylaring 18. Perennial phlox Pinocokp ani culata. leet tee teet 2 to 4...) Red to white! 16...) June to Oct.
tree) which shall be all one’s own. 19. Swamp marsh mallow...., Hibiscus Moscheutos ..........- 3 to's. Roser eee | 5--+) July, August
The shrubs which make up this group will 20. Rose of Sharon | Hibiscus Syriacus, var. Yeanne | | |
furnish a succession of blossom from April, | de Arc... -. sy. see eee eee 6 to 12 | Wihitereerere | Sie july to Sept.
i ld fl Sof 18 fant Pric IDNA SoS oon baa cac Deutzta gracilis, var. rosea ...... Bens IBlushieererne 3..-| May
when the Seon s ONES © i Cee nL a Rediced arm mere Funiperus Virginiana, var. glauca| 40 to 50..| Evergreen ...| 2...| Evergreen
(No. 7) throw their spray against the ever- 23. Eva Rathke weigela Diervilla hybrida, var. Eva Rathke| 6....... | Carmine....., 4-..| May, June
green back-ground in masses of gay spring 24. Foxglove......... x Digitalis purpurea ........:... :| 3 to 4...| Rose, white..| 50 ...| June
color, to the end of June, when the cornels *5- Sawara cypress... Chamacyparis pisifera, var. fili- |
N : Fehr * d Bl itasleea, al fera (Retinispora filifera)....... 15 to20..| Evergreen....| 2...| Evergreen
( O. 3) nish ONES em Se oe eee Gas) aGeiAdamzsineed cue meee Yucca filamentosa.............. 4 to 6...| White....... | Ir ...| June, July
is always the possibilit ) with Rosa TUgOSA 27. Hardy hydrangea........ Hydrangea paniculata, var. grandi- | | |
: ; 7 Yodan 8 2 Beare. & sap
(No. 11) of having flowers at intervals all Horau es ohne eeetyac ee reeeee Fa See neo | Wine oe Reale | 6 July, August
28. Morrow’s honeysuckle ...| Lonicera Morrow:.........---| 6....... WW bitererereet| I | May
anes da phic (N dene ain. 2 Kelway’s larkspurs....:..| Delphinium ..................: Rae” bese "Blue eee 24 June and on
(S BONS) EDUC) aos ( CBe US) an ant )s WES 30. Forget-me-not ........... Myosotis palustris..........---. Lieeregece: IDWS sodcoues 8 May, June
3 g p :
form the herbaceous colony In this Tecess, Bite Konmikinnilenee peer | Cornus Amomum (C. sericea)....| 3 to 10 White wuaeete 4 June, July
will fill it with glowing color from the time 32. Arrow-wood............. Viburnum dentatum ............ Gehan: White....:.. 4 May, June
the shrubs leave off in June, until, and possi- AT LASS sh osaoossenoussco | Syringa vulgaris..............- Woo cacac | Purple, white | 3...| May
bly th He @ctob 34. Van Houtte’s spirea..... | Spiraea Van Houtte: ........... Ore cetene | White....... 5..--| May, June
ae ae OOS: AG onlnishyyunipenaneken eee | Funiperus communis, var. Hi-
When planting, be sure to keep the strong [IDOE I GA what eee ea eee ZO | Evergreen....| 3 Evergreen
colors in phlox away from the iris, using only 36. Pompon chrysanthemum..) Chrysanthemum Indicum..... .. 2to5...| Red to white} 6 October
HEE Bre eee Be Be _ OR
xe 15 be “we Be
: AS 25- 26, =
* Re PE. oe ee se? Oo Loe
l es OS eee We Site EZ
xe \ gee ZEEE Os 24 PSs (@e eee) Ae
ae: | < (20)
/ [O\.27 Zi 5 CaN Nae BLOX
4) 2 ae SGN Zi oS
© / ape é ’
lee ey
p GU,
xe Ga OMG LY
Xx ay SE =
Wey oe S77 ay
| | V), eres cd OD
Se Se ¥, Ns ©70 °\ ossr
2 y TaN Bay)
i 6 0 { oO. fone 9 OY
cya Dae ee are | Se
@ Lawn
This border is 100 feet long, and is designed to exhibit its best effect when seen from the house. From the points A and B one would look right into the bays,
adding greatly to the apparent size of the gardén. From C, different groups of plants come into view
16

AuGusT, 1906

being quite open and the whole is looked into
directly instead of losing itself back of any
trickily planted trees or shrubs; and the
planting is different in both style and color
scheme. The white variety of the Rugosa
rose (No. tra), and the glowing carmine
Eva Rathke weigela (No. 23) which blossoms
in May and June, and occasionally during
the summer, are massed against the silvery
foliage of the blue cedar (Juniperus Vir-
gimiana, var. glauca) (No. 22) an evergreen
whose color keeps it from appearing as near
to as it actually is.

This, by-the-way, is a point about color in
trees, shrubs, and perennials, which it is well
to remember. Those of a silvery blue,
purple, or bluish purple tone will always
give an effect of apparent distance. To go
to the artist once more for the reason, we find
him using blues and purples freely when he
wants ‘“‘atmosphere,”’ or distance; likewise
we speak of the “purple haze” on distant
hills or scenes. The color of the illimitable
distance overhead is blue, and the depths of
the sea are blue. Blue flowers, therefore,
and bluish evergreens, where the space is
small, will give a sense of largeness.

For the contrary effect, that is to fore-
shorten, use yellow flowers and golden
foliaged shrubs and trees. This is not often
necessary or desirable, but is a device to
give cosiness to a place that has a lonely,
bleak air about it. Yellow will shorten
distance even more than blue will increase it,
and the larger the mass of the color, the
greater the intensity of the effect. Beware
of its use, therefore, in small areas.

The colony of assorted foxgloves (No. 24)
in this second recess extends all the way
around it, with a group of rose pink deut-
zias (No. 21), a pair of feathery Japanese
cypress (No. 25), a group of Adam’s needle,
(No. 26) and a mass of the lovely showy
azalea (Azalea Indica, var. amena) (No. 12)
forming the background for their soft colors:

At this point the evergreens at the outside
margin are discontinued for an interval, and
a clump of golden elder (No. 16) introduced

The Ten Best Hardy Conifers—By J. W. Duncan

9)

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

An important detail in planting a border.

with the evergreen thorn (No. 4) again, this
time in a group. A great bank of the large
panicled hydrangea (No. 27) forms the
division between this and the last pocket,
which is not so deep as its neighbor.

Here, once more, the style of planting
changes. Its nearness to the house makes
blue the desirable color for the colony which
is to dwell here, therefore larkspurs (No. 29)
have been chosen, with a mass of forget-me-
nots (No. 30) at their feet. When the honey-
suckle (No. 28) beyond these is covered with
its jewel-like, ruby berries, the color effect
will be superb. It is designed to have some-
thing in blossom during the entire summer
in this part of the border. The beginning is
with the fragrant little barberry bells (No. 8)
in May, and not ending until frost cuts
down the cheery chrysanthemum (No. 36).

An exception is made to the previously
stated rule about yellow, by planting a
flower of this color so near to the house.
But it is done with the definite purpose of
giving light and warm glow near at hand
through the drear autumn days. The group
is half hidden from the house, too, by the
mass of Van Houtte’s spirea (No. 34).

The border ends with a heavy planting
of various deciduous shrubs—mock orange
(No. 33), rose of Sharon (No. 20), spindle tree
No. 14)—and a group of three Irish junipers
(No. 35), opposite the house. All these
shrubs, or nearly all, are ornamental in fruit,
as well as in blossom, so that the interest in
the border does not flag with the end of the
blooming period.

A general border of bulbs may be planted
in front of the whole for early spring effect;

Note how the plants of No. 13 and No. 18 are blended

or a pocket may be quite filled with the
poet’s narcissus, or any other suitable flower,
naturalized in the grass.

Never make the mistake, so common to
many otherwise good pieces of planting, of
cutting the turf away in a smooth line in
front of the group or border. It has a hard,
unnatural effect, and it is a very mistaken
sense of neatness which prompts the garden
maker to do it. Keep the grass away from
the roots, of course, but let the turf extend
up as far as it will, under the overhanging
branches of shrubs, and you will have an
easy flowing line, instead of the cut and
dried look so fatal to informal planting.

There is another point in the planting of
perennials which the plan cannot show
adequately, but which the detail sketch
illustrates. Always remember that in nat-
ural growth plants do not stop at a hard and
fast line, but instead they dwindle off, scatter-
ing themselves in a straggling way, and
finally disappearing. Follow this rule, and
where two varieties join, blend them off
gradually, scattering them into each other.

August is the month in which to plant the
evergreens that are always indispensable to a
perfect screen, and which in this case also
form the background for the deciduous
shrubs, while these in turn are the mass
against which the herbaceous plants are
placed in the “‘ pockets” of the border.

The general outline of a border planting
such as is here devised having been decided,
arrangements can be made at once to put out
the evergreens, and the finishing work with
deciduous shrubs, perennials or bulbs is to be
done in September, October, or November

Boston,
Mass.

A BUYER’S PRACTICAL GUIDE, TELLING JUST WHAT THE TREES WILL DO, WHERE TO PLANT, AND HOW
TO REALIZE THEIR BEST QUALITIES—THE SPECIAL VALUES OF EACH IN THE GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE

A LANDSCAPE without evergreens is

the most dreary thing on earth in the
winter; and equally our gardens need the
same sort of relief. Of the hundreds of
coniferous evergreens a few, which may be
‘counted on one’s hands, stand out pre-emi-
nently as the best for general planting.
August is the month in which the trees
should be moved and planted.

THE TALLEST HARDY CONIFER

The white pine (Pinus Strobus), is the most
useful conifer for general planting. It is the
tallest growing evergreen tree east of the
Mississippi river, and is a comparatively
quick grower. It will thrive on very poor

soil, but will hardly grow at all in a clayey,
moist subsoil. When small it is rather easily
damaged by bleak winds, but after it has
attained a height of ten or twelve feet, there
is little danger from injury from that source.
The trees may be planted in groups, belts,
or singly to form specimens, if given
sufficient room for development. It is a
most noble tree, attaining a height of 150
feet. The leaves, or needles as they are
commonly called, are long, and of a pleasing
shade of green, not as sombre as many other
conifers.

The white pine is easily raised from seed,
but for the first few years does not make much
growth. After it has attained a height of two

feet, it will make an annual growth of one or
two feet. When small it is subject to attacks
of several insect pests, the most common be-
ing mealy-bug and woolly aphis, both of
which are easily destroyed by kerosene
emulsion, or if the latter attacks the roots
(and it frequently does) the best remedy is a
mulching of tobacco stems, or a thorough
watering with tobacco water.
THE FASTEST-GROWING CONIFER

The Norway spruce (Picea excelsa), is
the fastest growing coniferous evergreen, and
I may invite severe criticism when I accord
it second place on my list because it is
sombre and as ordinarily grown it does not

The tallest hardy conifer of the East, reaching 150
feet. The white pine (Pinus Strobus)

retain its mature beauty as long as the white
pine. It grows better in a moderately rich
soil, and it likes abundance of nourishment.
It is rather formidable in appearance, but by
no means stiff, for its branches, which droop,
extend far out, which gives the tree a most
pleasing outline. The Norway spruce at-
tains a height of 100 feet.

It is among the hardiest of the conifers, and
will withstand strong winds. ‘These trees
are too often planted in close proximity to
each other, with the result that in a few years
they become scraggly with many dead
branches, which has made them unpopular
with many people. Given plenty of room
to grow, it will become a graceful and hand-
some specimen, retaining its lower branches.

THE BEST EVERGREEN HEDGE

By general consent the hemlock (Tsuga
Canadensis), is accorded the honors as the
most ornamental of our eastern evergreens.
The branches have a drooping habit, and
grow from the trunk irregularly, thus avoid-

The common black spruce (Picea nigra) is always
disfigured by its cones, and is a slow grower

The fastest growing conifer, reaching 100 feet. The

Norway spruce (Picea excelsa)

ing the stiff appearance so prevalent among
the spruces. It looks well planted in clumps,
or as single specimens.

Some people consider the hemlock hard
to transplant, but with me it is one of the
most easily moved evergreens. Near the
seashore it does not thrive as a rule, but if
once it becomes established, it will make a
luxuriant growth.

As a hedge plant the hemlock surpasses all
other evergreens. It stands trimming well,
and on account of its small foliage and slender
branches always has a graceful appearance.
Pruning is the important thing in keeping a
hedge up to the standard. For the first few
years after planting little pruning will be
necessary. An evergreen hedge takes longer
to acquire shape than the more common
deciduous hedges, but if plants about two
feet high are used in planting, it will not take
more than six or eight years to grow a well

formed hedge.
THE BEST BLUE FOLIAGE

Among the conifers of the highest color,
none equals the Colorado blue spruce (Picea
pungens, var. glauca). ‘There are several
forms of this in the trade, varying somewhat
in intensity, or brilliancy. The best of all is
known as Koster’s. ‘The color of the foliage
of this tree is a beautiful steel blue, and when

the tree has attained over ten feet in height, it -

makes a very imposing appearance, espec-
ially in early summer, just after its new
growth has been made. It is a slow growing
tree and has the characteristically stiff habit
of the spruce, but makes a beautifully sym-
metrical tree.

It is commonly planted as a lawn specimen,
but it looks much better when planted in
groups, which is the case with all these stiff
growing trees. Its high price, however, pre-
cludes its very extensive use in masses. A
small specimen two and a half feet high can
be procured for five dollars.

It will become a tree of great beauty on the
lawn, but its setting must not interfere with
the coloring of other evergreens. It is one
of the most hardy of the spruces. Its one

18

The best dwarf pine grows six feet high. The Mugho
pine (Pinus Montana, var. Mughus)

bad point is that it is comparatively short-
lived; at about thirty-five years the lower
branches die, and the base becomes ragged.
Therefore, in landscape effects, it should
always have low shrubbery in the foreground.

PROBABLY THE BEST FOR WINDBREAKS

As a windbreak, as a shelter for buildings,
or as a screen for unsightly objects, white
spruce (Picea alba), is particularly good.
Its ability to stand the trials of bleak winds
is well assured, and it is unquestionably the
most hardy of the native spruces.

The white spruce is a quick growing tree,
ranking next to the Norway spruce or the
white pine in that respect. This tree usually
grows sixty to seventy feet in height but occa-
sionally reaches one hundred ard fifty feet.
The color of the foliage is a light, glaucous
green, and when young it forms an elegant
tree of a regular conical shape. Its habit is
dense, the branches and foliage making an
almost solid mass, which is of course so de-
sired in a tree to be used for a windbreak.
A little attention to the proper planting of
a windbreak will repay one. It should not
be a mere straight row of trees, as is so
commonly seen.

A continuous belt of trees planted irreg-

ularly makes a much more pleasing effect

is Koster’s Colo-

The best blue foliaged evergreen
rado spruce (Picea pungens, var. glauca)

AuGusT, 1906

on the landscape, and is even more efficient
as a “break.”

THE BEST ARBORVITAE

As an ornamental tree for general planting
where an evergreen of moderate height is
wanted, the common arborvite (Tuya occi-
dentalis) is I think to be preferred. It can
be put to so many different purposes, and
seems happy in all. As a hedge and as a
screen, on account of its dense habit of
growth, it is especially recommended for
flat, wind-swept sections’ As an ornamental
treeon the lawn, it is unsurpassed by any
in its height and style of foliage. The
color of its foliage is brownish green,
turning darker as winter approaches. In
winter its color is not attractive, but as
spring arrives it changes from brownish to a
dense green, turning darker as the season
advances. It revels in a good soil, and will
become ragged and shabby in appearance
if planted in too dry a location. The Siber-
ian variety has been said to be better adapted
to standing our severe winters, but I have
never noticed any material difference in that
respect; it does, perhaps, form a slightly
narrower cone, and so has a denser ap-
pearance.

THE BEST DWARF PINE

The most hardy of all the globular shaped
evergreens is the Mugho pine (Pinus Mon-
tana, var. Mughus). It is one of the most
attractive evergreens for planting on the
lawn, seldom growing over six feet high, and
having acquired a very globular form. The
foliage is short, of a deep green color, and the
short jointed growth of the branches results
ina very dense mass. The tree is not a rapid
grower, the season’s growth being only a few
inches. It will flourish on a dry knoll,
and for planting where rocky ledges ap-

a5]

The best tree for a windbreak. The white spruce

(Picea alba). Plant in broken lines

DE DE GARD) BN

MAGAZINE

The best evergreen hedge plant, the hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis).

pear near the surface of the ground, is
really indispensable.

A CREEPING CONIFER

When planting on rock work an evergreen
of a creeping habit is often very valuable.
The best creeping conifer is the savin (Jun-
iperus Sabina). There are a number of
forms of the creeping juniper, mainly vari-
eties of the common juniper and this species.
Its color is a beautiful shade of deep green,
and it has a free and graceful habit of growth.

THE BEST YELLOW FOLIAGE

The Japanese cypresses (Chamecy paris
pisifera), or retinisporas, as they are most
commonly called, comprise the most decora-
tive of all the conifers. They are remark-
ably beautiful in their feathery foliage, even
when only a few inches high. When they
attain to a height of three feet or more, they
are perfect, as lawn specimens. Indeed,
they are well suited for such use, as growth is
not rapid, and they do not soon outgrow
their surroundings.

While these plants are known in gardens
under the generic name of Retinispora, they
are in reality young plants of Chamecyparis,
and have foliage characters and habit quite
different from the adult trees, which one
never sees in gardens.

The Japanese golden plumed cypress
(C. pisifera, var. plumosa aurea), is by far the
best yellow foliaged ornamental evergreen.
The branches are short and feathery in
effect, giving the plant a compact habit yet
graceful outline, that is very pleasing. The
foliage is golden yellow. It is used exten-
sively by some for ornamental bedding pur-
poses, being planted in dense masses, but
given plenty of room and a rich soil, it be-
comes a well-formed, wide conical tree.

THE PRETTIEST FEATHERY EVERGREEN

Another of this group is easily the best
feathery foliaged evergreen. It is Chamecy-
paris pisifera, var. filifera (known in gardens
as Retinispora filifera) and is easily recog-

19

Forms a good hedge in about six years

nized by its beautiful drooping branches and
thread-like branchlets. The color of the
foliage is a light green. ‘This is a low grow-
ing tree, and is rarely seen as much as fifteen
feet high, although an occasional plant
reaches twenty feet. In its smaller sizes it is
a very ornamental evergreen, and like the
other retinisporas requires a very rich soil.

All the foregoing, except the Japan cy-
presses, will thrive in almost any poor soil,
so long as the subsoil is not of a damp, clayey
nature. In urban districts where smoke is
prevalent they will not thrive, but in sub-
urban and rural places, they are always sat-
isfactory.

The com-

The best small -all-purpose evergreen.

mon arborvitae (TAuya occidentalis)

~The Real Thing in Greenhouse Construction—By Leonard Barron ¥%

SOME ASTONISHINGLY CHEAP HOUSES AND SOME THAT ARE DEAR AT ANY PRICE—A
CLEAR EXPLANATION OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES—HOW TO BUILD THE KIND THAT WILL

BE A SOURCE OF JOY AND PRIDE,

HE best type of greenhouse for all-
round purposes is unquestionably

what is known as the even span—that is, a
house in which the roof is in the form of an
inverted V, so as to be exposed as much as
possible to sunlight, and having the ridge-pole
in the centre. All other types of houses are

HEATING PIPES. —-} =)

BEATING Pipes. — — =i

The plan of $1,000 greenhouse illustrated below,
showing proper distribution of heating pipes and
bench space

modifications from this simplest form, and
are designed in some way or other to fit some
special requirements. These requirements
may be: the cultural necessities of some par-
ticular crop; a desire to have the atmos-
pheric conditions inside more or less abnor-
mal at given seasons (as in a forcing house) ;
or an adaptation to some peculiarity of the
situation, as when a greenhouse is built as an
adjunct to other buildings.

It is plain common sense that the ideal
greenhouse is one in which the light is most
nearly that which exists outside, and in
which the heat is as evenly distributed. It
is practical experience that a structure with
as few angles and turns in it as possible, and
with a minimum of woodwork in its super-
structure, best answers these conditions.

A few years ago greenhouses were built as

Even span house without eaves, giving a maximum of light.
all iron frame, slate benches, cement walk.
boiler complete, can be erected near New York for $1,000

though they were barns; heavy joists and
rafters, such as one might use in the con-
struction of a much more solid building, were
used for the frame work, and small panes of
glass were used for the glazing. From the
earliest days of greenhouse construction,
the line of development has been toward a
reduction of the timber and an increase in
the size of the panes of glass, until to-day
the accepted standard of size for the glass,
where the question of snow-weight is not
a serious one, is sixteen inches wide. Even
larger sizes are used in the best style of mod-
ern construction, and panes 24 x 24 inches
are quite popular in commercial buildings,
and there is apparently actually less break-
age in the larger sizes; 16 x 24 inches is a
popular size. The weight of snow, however,
is not a very serious problem, except on flat
pitches if the inside temperature is kept to
about 60°. Of course, the larger the pane,
the greater the light inside the house, and the
more natural the growing conditions for the
plants, but as an offset to this is the expense
of the larger sizes. Not only is the loss for
repairs greater, but the ratio of cost in-
creases very greatly in the larger sizes. It is
impossible to make a quotation on the price
of glass. It fluctuates almost as much as
Wall Street securities. Sixteen-inch glass,

or even fourteen-inch, will be found thor- —

oughly practical, and economical in use.
Greenhouse building has developed into a
special industry, and the modern American
greenhouse is the highest type of construction.
It is built with as careful calculation to its
situation and its requirements as is the coun-
try dwelling house. Such a thing in the
natural course of events is not a cheap thing

This is the best model of all-purpose house;

A house of this construction (11 x 25 ft.), with heating pipe and

20)

INSTEAD OF AN EVERLASTING BILL FOR REPAIRS

oe

The low-priced ‘‘cheap greenhouse” is a
make-shift of some sort. Perhaps its roof is
constructed of hotbed sash, a perfectly feas-
ible method of construction, which for or-
dinary commonplace gardening will answer
admirably. Or, its foundation is merely the

plain earth—such a building does admirably

The lean-to is often the most practical. This one,
18 ft. x 9 ft. 6 in., with concrete foundations, heated
from the house water system, cost $325 complete

in the summer time, and even in the late
spring and early autumn, but woe betide the
enthusiastic amateur in winter who, being
possessed of one of these light greenhouse
structures, has indulged in a few costly,
exotic plants. They will be frozen, to a
certainty! It is economy to pay a fair price
in the beginning to secure a properly built
greenhouse, that will withstand the trials of
winter. Any old sort of a thing will do for a
summer greenhouse. It is in the winter
time that the supreme test is made.

THE SASH GREENHOUSE

The cheapest form of practical greenhouse
is made by using hotbed sash supported on a
skeleton frame, from which they can be re-
moved entirely in summer time. The stan-

~ dard size for the sash is 6x3 ft., and the

house can therefore be made in any multiples
of three feet, as regards length. The width
of the house is governed by the pitch of the
roof. Using two sash for an even span, the
ends of the sash supported by a central ridge
pole, a width of about ten feet would be
had, giving the pitch to the roof a rise of
about seven inches to the foot. Such a
house can be built for very moderate cost.
The lumber for a house may be estimated
roughly at about $3.00 per linear foot, and
the glass at $1.50 per foot. Carpentering
and other labor will vary from $2.50 to $3.00
a foot; and together with heating, a house
of this style twenty feet long, may be erected
for possibly $250. If iron frame is used, in-
stead of all wood, there is greater durability,
and the structure being more slender, will

AuGeusr 1906

approved
type of house for forcing roses. The absence of
eaves is a feature of this style of construction,
making a very light house

Tne inree-quarier span is the most

admit more light, but the cost will be in-
creased by perhaps $100.

COMPARATIVE COSTS

It makes very little difference what form of
house is to be erected. The cost per lineal
foot for an even span is practically the same
as for a lean-to of the same length and width.
In the lean-to, in order to get the sufficient
bench and walk space inside, it is necessary
to carry the roof to a point much higher than
in the even span house. The extra frame-
work and material for the roof cost a good
deal, yet add practically nothing to the effici-
ency of the house.

The three-quarter span house, which dif-
fers from the even span, in having the ridge
nearer to one side, and a short span from
there down to the top of a high wall is equiv-
alent to a lean-to with a few feet on the top
cut off and turned over. It is a practical
house for fruit trees particularly, where the
main object is to maintain a slight degree of
forcing. Such a house should stand with its
exposure to the south; in other words, it
should extend east and west; the object being
to secure as much of the sun’s heat as possible
rather than abundance of light.

For ordinary plants, such as the amateur
will grow in a general collection, a lean-to is
not so well adapted as the even span because
the illumination being all from one side, the
plants get drawn in that direction, just the
same as they do in the ordinary window
garden.

Where the glass structure is designed for
ornamental purposes as much as for utility,
what is known as the curvilinear roof is very
popular because it does away with the straight

A home made amateur’s house of wood. Good
or starting seeds, bulbs, etc. The roof is too low
pitched for best results in growing plants. Could

be erected for $250

DEE GARDE Ny MEAG AZ NE

lines and sharp angles which characterized
the simple greenhouse. The curved line
adds a degree of beauty, and where this is an
important consideration, a little of utility
may be sacrificed for the sake of art.

THE ROOF PITCH

Greenhouse builders vary the degree of
pitch of the roof up and down from 74 inches

The curvilinear roof, very artistic, but expen-
sive, and obstructs light. The Kind of greenhouse
that many beginners affect: beautiful lines and wood-
work. The poor foundation needs protection in winter

to the foot, but it is always somewhere around
that figure, which is equivalent to an angle
of 32°. This angle allows the sunlight to
pass through the glass most directly for the
longest time during the day, together
with accomplishing the very desirable object
of quickly shedding the snow. A roof that
approaches the flat presents a big problem in
winter, and artificial means may have to be
resorted to in order to remove the snow and
admit light to the growing plants, but its

Not appreciably cheaper
Should be run east and west,

Wood frame lean-to.
than an even span.
for maximum of sunlight and sunheat.
$50 a foot, complete, with heating

Costs about

most serious objection is the impossibility of
making it tight—it will surely leak. A pitch
of six inches to the foot is as low as should be
built. A much higher pitch, while solving
the snow and leakage problems, results in a
great loss of light at the times of year when
the sun does not rise very high and when it
is most needed.

In the curvilinear roof there is always some
one portion, it is true, at which the sun’s rays
strike at right angles, but in by far the larger
portion the glass is standing at all variations
from that to the perpendicular, when prac-
tically no light is passed through. Another

2]

The even span, running north and south, is the

best all-purpose house. A first class modern build-
ing, all iron frame, 11 x 20 feet, heating and all
complete will cost about $1000

objection is that this very pretty roof is cer-
tainly ten per cent. more costly.:

THE DIRECTION OF THE SUN

There is a division of opinion as to how a
house should be placed in relation to the sun.
One that is built entirely of glass should per-
haps best run north and south. It is evident
that this will give the greatest exposure to the
sun during the longest number of hours, both
sides receiving illumination at some time
during the day. The small end of the house
to the north is the only portion that does not
receive the sun directly.

For this very reason, it is better to select
a south wall of a house for the ordinary con-
servatory, or lean-to greenhouse, when such
is erected in connection with the dwelling.
The north side of such a house has no glass
whatever. Most florists, however, are now
placing their carnation and rose houses east
and west.

THE COMMONEST BLUNDERS

The chief mistakes which the amateur is
likely to make in constructing his own green-
house are these:

t. Insecure framework.

2. Too heavy lumber and other than cy-
press.

3. Incorrect pitch to the roof.

4. Lack of economy in internal space.

5. Skimping the walls and foundations.

Perhaps the last is the most common of all,
and when the winter comes, the problem of
maintaining a proper growing temperature
causes more anxiety than the whole crop of
the house is worth. A greenhouse must be
built for winter; it is not an uncommon sight
to see an otherwise very pretty and satisfac-

range of houses
The
Costs

A compact and picturesque
giving all possible variations of exposure, etc.
Kind to build for a varied assortment of plants.
some thousands of dollars

Ideal situation and surroundings for a greenhouse,
break on the north. Frames are extended on the south front.

tory little house which has to be boarded up
and packed all around the foundations with
some heat retaining material, so as to keep
the inside comfortable. The saving of per-
haps $1oo or even less, at the very beginning
of things, thus results in an annual expendi-
ture in hard cash of perhaps $1o or $15
and always with the risk of the weather being
just a little bit more severe than usual, and
the result being a total loss of the most val-
uable plants.

HEATING THE HOUSE

In a greenhouse in which a general collec-
tion of plants is to be grown it is necessary to
maintain a temperature of from fifty-five to

An ornamental
an enlarged window garden.
alive, but is not the thing for growing
flat roof, and too heavy construction

the dwelling.
It will

adjunct to Merely
Keep plants

them. Too

SET,

GARDEN MAGAZINE

showing how evergreens may be used as a wind-
This is an ideal house for a large garden

sixty degrees, when it is zero weather outside.
Lettuce and violets may be grown in a house
which runs ten degrees lower than this, but
no one should build a greenhouse of the ordi-
nary type, and calculate on maintaining a
lower degree of heat than what is here given.

Heating is best done by hot water, and in
a small house the pipes may well be connected
with the heating system used for the dwelling,
if the greenhouse and the home are within
any sort of reasonable distance from each
other. For large houses or ranges of several
houses together, the independent heating
plant is necessary.
by commercial florists, but it is economical
only on a large scale. As a uniform degree
of temperature must be maintained in the
house, the fires where steam is used, need
watching continuously during cold weather,
for the moment the water ceases to boil, the
pipes cool off, and some considerable time
is consumed in starting the heat running
again. With hot water there is much more
latitude in attention, for though the fires
dwindle, the water which fills the pipes will
carry heat for a long time, and it will circulate
until the last degree is radiated. But a hot
water system costs in the installation about
one-fourth more than steam. Very small
houses may be successfully heated by kero-
sene stoves, which may be placed inside the
house. The fumes which may be given off
are not likely to be seriously injurious to
plants. A much better way would be to use
oil heaters for an inside water circulation,
carrying off all products of combustion by
means of a flue. Coal stoves should never
be installed inside the house. It has been
done successfully by some amateurs, but the
danger of coal gas being driven back into the
house by a down draft in the chimney is al-
ways present, and is too great a risk to run.
Coal gas and illuminating gas are two viru-
lent poisons of plants.

THE QUESTION OF WIDTH

The standard widths for greenhouses are
6 feet 8 inches for a lean-to with one bench,

Steam is used for heating ©

AvcGcusT, 1906

and g feet 4 inches for a lean-to with two
benches, and a central walk. The difference
in width which gives the extra bench is very
slight, and the cost for twenty-five feet is for
the single bench $450, for the double bench
$700. An even span house 9g x 17 ft. all
wood frame, boiler and heating complete,
can be erected for $500.

FIGURING THE HEATING

How to maintain a minimum of fifty-five
degrees? It’s quite easy to know what to do.
Find the area of your glass surface in square
feet, and allow one foot of radiating surface
for every three feet of glass. Walls up to 24
ft. high are generally ignored in making the
calculations for heating. If they are any-
thing more than this, allow one-fifth of the
area as equivalent to glass. Heating is
usually laid on by 4-inch (outside measure)
cast iron pipe, if water is used, and one lineal
foot of this equals one square foot of radiating
surface.

Another commonly used size is 2-inch
wrought iron, of which 1.6 lineal feet is
equivalent to one square foot of radiating
surface.

Having ascertained the amount of radiat-
ing surface necessary, it is an easy matter,
upon reference to the catalogues of green-
house builders and boiler makers, to decide
upon the capacity of the boiler to be bought.
These details are all tabulated.

Though as a matter of fact it may be
taken for granted that the maker’s statement
represents slightly under the full efficiency
of the boiler, yet there is nothing like having
reserve power, and the amateur who wants
comfort in his greenhouse, and comfort in
running it in heavy weather, will purchase
a boiler which is listed to feed atleast
25 per cent. more area than he really re-
quires. ‘There is not only reserve power for
unusual strains, but a big, deep, fire can be
operated‘ with so much less labor, and act-
ually during the winter months, with a less
consumption of coal than would be the case
with a boiler that was piped to its full
efficiency.

The best Kind of low priced house to attach toa

dwelling. Does well for foilage plants. This type of
house will cost about $500 for 6 x 20 feet

The Joys of a “Cool Greenhouse ’—By Parker T. Barnes $%

DHE TREASURES THAT
ONLY 40° TO 50°—A PRACTICAL SCHEME FOR PEOPLE WHO

F YOU want a winter garden at the
least expense, grow the plants men-
tioned below. Most of them will bloom in
the dreary month of March, but the azaleas
and some others may be had in time for
Christmas, if started early. All of them

may be started or purchased now, or in late

The cineraria has some of the richest blues, reds
and purples in the great family of composites

summer. I believe they are the best for
beginners, and the plants that are best for
beginners are generally the ones that the
old-timers come back to after expensive tests
of novelties. They are the showy, long-
lasting, easily grown coolhouse plants, that
you will grow year after year with increasing
satisfaction.

The showiest greenhouse shrubs are the

Indian azaleas, not so highly colored, but their ever-
green foliage makes a better background

MAY BE HAD IN

azaleas. Both the Ghent and mollis azaleas
bloom before the leavesexpand. The mollis
has flowers two anda half inches across, which
are yellow, orange or pink, while the Ghent
has flowers in all shades, from white to red
and lilac. The Indian azalea is an ever-
green, with small, shiny, dark green leaves.
The flowers are either single or double, and
vary from white to deep red, but lack the fire-
like gorgeousness of the mollis varieties.

It is cheaper and better for the amateur to
buy these plants from the dealers, who im-
port them from Holland, in the fall, than to
attempt to propagate them by cuttings or
grafting.

When you receive these plants which have
just been imported, they are without pots,
but have compact, hard balls of peaty soil
around the roots. If the balls are dry, soak
them in water until thoroughly wet; then put
them into the smallest pots you can. Use a
fine soil, made of fibrous loam, peat and sand.
Pot firmly, and water. These can be stored
in a cool, light airy place with a temperature
of 35° or 40°, such as a deep coldframe.
Look out for mildew.

The Ghent and mollis azaleas can be had
in bloom in about six weeks from the time
they are brought into heat. Some of the
Indian azaleas, particularly Deutsche Perle,
a double white, and Verveeneana, a double
pink, edged with white and more or less
blotched with red, are hard to keep from
flowering, particularly if you do not want
them until late in the season, unless kept very
cool.

After flowering, pick off the dead flowers,
and water freely, in order that they may
make a good growth. If any shoots are
growing faster than the others, pinch them
back, to form a symmetrical plant. As soon
as all danger of frost is past in the spring,
plunge the plants in the open ground and
syringe daily, to keep down the thrips.

GERANIUMS THE EASIEST OF ALL

So common that we seldom give its trans-
cendant merits a second thought, yet the
easiest plant to grow in the house, is the
ordinary geranium. It wants a rich soil;
but the secret of success with it is not to over
water—on the other hand, never allow it to
become dry. To usea gardener’s expression,
keep it on the ‘‘dry side.” A very pretty way
of handling geraniums is as standards. For
Christmas decoration the standards covered
with large trusses of flowers are beautiful.
It takes about two years to grow a good
standard two or two and a half feet high.

THE PELARGONIUM OR SHOW GERANIUM

A close relative of the common or zonal
geranium, is the pelargonium (Pelargo-
nium domesticum) of which the ‘‘ Martha
Washington geranium” is the most familiar
example. This does not have as many
flowers in a truss as the geranium, but they

23

A GREENHOUSE WHOSE TEMPERATURE IS
ARE NOT COAL BARONS

are larger and much handsomer. The
flowers usually have a white ground, and
are variously marked or blotched with red
or purple.

These plants are flowered in May and
June. As soon as the plants have done
flowering remove the old flower stalks and

Calceolarias. Somewhat like lady’s slippers, yellow,

red, brown, and spotted

set the plants outside in the full sun. Here
let them ripen their wood, and gradually
withhold water, giving the plants a good rest.
In September prune them into shape, cutting
back as one may fancy but removing all soft
and weak shoots. Then shake the old soil
from among the roots, and repot them in a

Pelargoniums require a little more care than ordinary
geraniums, but they are far showier

24

smaller-sized pot than they have been in, one
in which you can just get the roots com-
fortably. Give them a thorough watering,
and place them in a deep coldframe. Here
they may be left until late in the fall, so long
as they are protected from frosts. In Octo-
ber transfer the plants to the house. In
January they will need a shift into the larger
pots in which they are to bloom.

During the midwinter months give only
a small amount of water. As they grow,
pinch out the shoots, in order to get a well
shaaped plant; lso take out any weak shoots

THE GARDE IN MUAG AZINE

the foliage is tender, and is easily injured by
fumigation with tobacco stems. The bloom-
ing season is prolonged by giving the plants
a slight shade.

THE ORCHID-LIKE CALCEOLARIAS

The showiest herbaceous plants in the
cool greenhouse during March and April are
the calceolarias and cinerarias. A house
with a night temperature of 45° is none too
cool, and then you must put your calceolarias
in the coolest end.

The flowers of the calceolarias are yellow,

The Chinese or mollis azalea (A. Sinensis); easily forced for Christmas. Flowers yellow, orange, or pink

which may start. Discontinue stopping the
branches in February, as the flower buds
commence to form.

The appearance of the plant will be greatly
improved if trained to a stake. ‘This must
be done before the wood hardens, which it
does quite rapidly.

As soon as the plants are well established
in their flowering pots apply manure water
and keep this up until the flowering time.

The red spider and the aphides will surely
bother. Syringing the plants with one of
the tobacco extracts which has been diluted
with water will be the best preventive, as

with brown spots, and in form remind one
very much of the wild lady’s slipper orchid.
The leaves are large and coarse, dark green,
and the plants from one to two feet high.

HIGH-GRADE CINERARIAS

The cinerarias grow about two feet high,
have large, coarse, dark green leaves, and
bear immense flat clusters of daisy-like
flowers, which are either blue, red or white,
or have white centres edged with various
shades of blue or red. The secret of success
in growing these plants is to keep them cool.

In order to have flowers during March, the

AvGcusT, 1906

seeds are sown in July, and the earlier, the
better. The seed soil must be very fine, as
the seeds are very small. Just sprinkle them
on the surface of the soil, and cover the seed
pan with a piece of glass until the young
seedlings break through the soil, then admit
the air gradually.

While the plants are still small, prick them
out into small pots, putting them in a soil
made of rotted sod, leaf mold or peat, well
decayed manure, and sand, in about equal
parts. Keep them growing as rapidly as
possible, and shift them as fast as they fill
the pots with roots. Never allow them to
become pot-bound, as this will spoil all
chances of good flowering plants. Flower
the plants in 6- or 7-inch pots, or if they are
extra large, in 8-inch pots.

Good drainage must always be supplied
to the pots. The little pots in which they
are first placed should have some sphagnum
moss in the bottom, and at all subsequent
pottings, give a liberal amount of drainage.

The only likely insect pests are the thrip
and saphis. Careful syringing each day will
keep the thrips down, and tobacco stems
scattered among the pots will act as a pre-
ventive to the aphides.

After the plants are well established in
their flowering pots, and the flowering stems
are beginning to show, manure water applied
once or twice a week will be a benefit to them.

FOOT-LONG SPIKES FOR CUT FLOWERS

An easily grown cut flower is not always
to be had in the small greenhouse, but a trial
of a few plants of snapdragons will sur-
prise you at the ease with which they may
be grown. These can be had in beautiful
spikes a foot long,-and in white, yellow, and
red.

For flowers next winter, sow the seed in
July, or early in August, and grow on the
plants as rapidly as possible, shifting them
from the 2-inch pots in which they are
started to 4-inch, and later 5- or 6-inch,
when they demand it. Snapdragons will
do equally well, if not better, planted out,
in benches a foot apart.

THE LOVELY CYCLAMEN

No plant gives better satisfaction than the
Persian cyclamen (C, latifolium). Its flow-
ers last a long time in good condition, and it
has a wealth of color. The flowers are very
curiously shaped reminding one of its relative
the shooting star (Dodocatheon). They are
white or varying in different shades of pink
to very dark rose color with a purple blotch
at the mouth. ‘There is a form of the petals
which have fringed edges.

These are best grown from seed and so
constant are some of the strains that one can
buy named forms which come true. The
largest flowered form is called giganteum,
but the large flowers are produced at the ex-
pense of quantity, so the amateur would
better content himself with the good strain of
a smaller flowered form. It takes fifteen
months to grow the cyclamens from seed to

flower and they should never receive a check.

When through flowering throw the bulbs
away, they do not do well when held over.

Bougainvillea, grown for its showy purple bracts. May be had in flower any time from Christmas on

26

For spring flowers the seeds are sown in
November or December. These are slow
to appear above ground because a little bulb
is formed before the first leaf shows. As
soon as two leaves have been made, trans-
plant the seedlings to 4- or 5-inch pots,placing
several in a pot and putting them near the
outside. These young seedlings are very apt
to suffer from too much water and over
potting—when the plants have about half
a dozen leaves shift them to 3-inch pots.
They will not need another shift until the
middle of summer when I should put them
in 4-inch pots. In September shift them to
5- or 6-inch pots in which they will flower.

The best soil is a good fibrous loam and
leaf mold, well decayed horse manure and
sand in about equal parts.

THREE SHOWY GREENHOUSE VINES

Beautiful easily grown vines with which to
adorn the greenhouses are the Bougain-
villeas (B. glabra and its var. Sanderiana), and
the purple wreath (Petrea volubilis). ‘The
striking feature of the Bougainvillea is the
large, highly colored bracts. In B. glabra
they are a rosy scarlet but in the variety
Sanderiana they are of a deeper shade.

The purple wreath is not often met with. It
is a choice plant and a valuable addition to
a collection. The flowers are borne in
spikes, six inches long and the individual
flower has the appearance of a five-pointed
star of lilac with violet in the centre.

All these plants are easily grown either in
pots or trained to columns or rafters. ‘These
plants are flowered in April or May but may
be had at Christmas by resting them earlier.
Withhold water for a week or ten days.
Then shake out the soil from among the
roots and repot in fresh soil. Prune the tops
back to suit your taste. When potting give
good drainage and until the plants become

and cut flowers all winter! A

Some fun in this,
specimen plant of double nasturtium

‘WEE, (GAR D BN aVIsAy GAC 7IeNGE

the greenhouse
growing flowers in the teeth of a December gale

Having fun. Pottering about in

well established keep them in a moist atmos-
phere, give a light syringing daily, and
shade during midday. In June put the pots
outside where they can have the full sunlight.
In September after the plants have finished
growing and the wood is thoroughly ripened

store in a light cool place where they can have ~

the sun and yet be cool enough so they will
not grow. Give only a small amount of
water for the plants must rest. To get these
into flower will require about eight weeks in
a night temperature of 50° or 55°. When
in flower put them in a cool, airy place
with perhaps a very light shade and the
season of bloom will be lengthened.

A FLOWER THAT OPENS ONLY IN THE SUN

The fig marigolds (Mesembryanthemum)
are but little grown in this country. Two
of them which are showy annuals that may
be grown either from seeds or cuttings are
M. pomeridianum, with yellow flowers, and
M. tricolorum whose yellow flowers are blood
red inside. When grown in pots for green-
house decoration they should be in a well
drained, sandy soil, and an addition of old
brick rubbish finely broken up may help the
mechanical texture. Grow them in a light,
cool, dry atmosphere and give them only a
small amount of water during the dark
winter months.

AN EASILY GROWN YELLOW PEA-LIKE FLOWER

The genista (Cytisus Canariensis), a hand-
some evergreen shrub, bearing many spikes
of small, yellow, pea-shaped flowers, is very
easily handled and I would not be without
some good specimens. After they have
flowered, in March or April cut back the
plants, give them a small shift and put them
in a close atmosphere and syringe daily until
well established, then give plenty of air and

AvuGusT, 1906

a slight shade. As soon as the danger of
frost is past put them out of doors for the
summer, and syringe daily. Leave them
out until frost threatens, then store them in
a cool greenhouse one having a temperature
not exceeding 40° at night, or in a pit or deep
coldframe where frost will not reach them.
See that they have plenty of light and air, as
they mildew easily. When ready for forcing
give them a temperature of 50° at night and
they will flower in a few weeks.

NASTURTIUMS FOR PICKING

The nasturtium (Tropeolum majus) is a
very showy and useful plant to grow in the
greenhouse during the winter. Give it a
sunny situation and a wealth of red or yellow
flowers will be produced from which daily
pickings can be made. Sow the seeds in
July or August in 2-inch pots, and as they
grow shift gradually until in sixes, which is
ample room for a single plant. Train the
plants to the posts or rafters of the house.
Very pretty effects can be had by growing six
or seven plants in a large pot, training the
vines over a frame. Nasturtiums thrive
equally as well in boxes. In this way they
succeed admirably when grown in a living
room window. Any good, rich, well-drained
soil will suit them.

PLANT FOOD

The best and most easily handled plant
food is manure water. To make this, put a
five-pound package of sheep manure in a
barrel (so gallons) of water, or use fresh
horse or cow droppings, putting in enough
to give the water the color of very weak tea.
This should be used while still fresh. Never
water the plants with manure water if the
soil is dry, as it will do them an injury.

sal

Mesembryanthemums—hard to pronounce, but easy
to grow, and pretty. They open only in sunshine

A double variety of the autumn crocus (Colchicum Atumnae), naturalized in the grass.

Bulbs for August Planting—By Thomas McAdam

LILIES AND FREESIAS FOR CHRISTMAS BLOOM

Flowers light purplish rose.

New
Jersey

MUST BE PLANTED NOW—ROMAN HYACINTHS FOR

THANKSGIVING—ALSO THE SPANISH IRIS, MADONNA LILY, AND FOUR SEPTEMBER-BLOOMING BULBS

a eer advance guard of the fall catalogues
appears in August, and the prudent
florist orders his Bermuda lilies then. One
of the pretty things that a gentleman who
owns a greenhouse may do is to flower some
lilies for Christmas. The lily is the symbol
of the Nativity, as well as of the Resurrection,
and has a certain sacred character which no
other flower possesses in like degree. For
Easter bloom an October start is usually
early enough, but for Christmas lilies you
must get your bulbs in August.

The seven-to-nine-inch bulbs are the fa-
vorite for Easter, but the five-to-sevens are
thought to be better adapted for Christmas.
Put them into 4-inch pots, plunge them
in a frame, and cover them with sifted coal
ashes or excelsior. As soon as they have
made good balls of roots bring them indoors,
transfer them to 6-inch pots, give them a
night temperature of fifty degrees until they
seem at home and then change to sixty.

BULBS FOR HOUSE CULTURE

Nothing is sweeter at Christmas time than
the fragrance of freesias, and their lovely one-
sided horizontal spikes are always welcome.

In ordinary house culture, freesias hardly
bloom before February and if you want them
during the holidays you should order the
bulbs in August. The pure white variety is
most esteemed. Plant seven bulbs in a
5-inch pot. Be careful not to keep the soil
wet all the time or the freesias will rot at the
surface of the ground.

Roman hyacinths can be had at Thanks-
giving without a greenhouse if bulbs are
ordered in August. The Roman hyacinth
is the most accomodating of all bulbs. It
requires the shortest period of root growth
in a dark, cool place, and can be had in
bloom from November to May by means of
successive pottings. The Roman hyacinth
has none of the stiffness of the common hya-
cinth. The extra early strain will bloom
in October.

TWO IMPORTANT HARDY BULBS

The Madonna lily and Spanish iris, unlike
other hardy spring-blooming bulbs, ought
to be planted in August because they have to
make a leaf growth in autumn. The Madonna
or Annunciation lily (Lilimm candidum)
is the best hardy white lily there is. It is also

Q7

the earliest common lily, blooming in June.
Its fragrant bell-shaped flowers are four or
five inches across and as many as twenty-five
are borne on a stem, though eight or ten
would be nearer the average. It is important
to dust the bulbs with sulphur to kill disease
germs.

The only common bulbous irises are the
Spanish and English, which must be planted
in the fall. The German, Japanese and
Siberian are rhizomatous and are best planted
in the spring. The Spanish irises have the
merit of blooming a fortnight before the
English and though smaller, the flowers are
of brighter and more varied colors, including
self-yellow, which the English irises do not
have. There- are about fifty varieties.
Thunderbolt is said to be the showiest; it
has bronzy purple standards and the falls are
chestnut-brown, with a large orange blotch.
Belle Chinoise is the earliest self-yellow.
Mon Bijou is blue. Snowball is perhaps the
best white.

FOUR SEPTEMBER-BLOOMING BULBS

It is a wonderful thing to see hardy bulbs
blooming in the garden in September, espe-

The giant lily (Eremurus robusta) which grows to the
height of a man and has spikes four feet long

cially when they come right up out of the
ground without any leaves as the autumn
crocuses (colchicums) do. I was much im-
pressed with their beauty last fall in New
England. They have multiplied to an
astonishing extent in Salem gardens, where
they have been left alone for years. The
commonest species is Colchicum autumnale,
pictured on page 27. The typical form
has light, purplish-rose flowers. ‘There are
also single and double whites, a_ large
petaled white, a double lilac, single and
double rose, and a double variety that is
prettily striped. The blossoms are crocus-
like, three or four inches across, and each
spathe has one to four flowers. The most

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

interesting autumn crocus is the checkered
one (Colchicum Parkinsoni), which has
beautifully tessellated blossoms—rosy-lilac
squares on a white ground. The showiest
species is Colchicum speciosum which often
has blossoms six inches across, violet with a
white eye varying almost to pure pink; and
the variety rubrum is described as dark ruby
crimson. ‘The colchicums should be planted
two or three inches deep and left alone until
they crowd too much or show signs of de-
terioration when they should be divided in
early July.

A yellow flower of the same sort is Stern-
bergia lutea, but the leaves of this appear
with the flowers. It comes from Palestine
and is supposed by some to be the lily-of-the-
valley of the Bible. It should be planted
about six inches deep in light soil and a
sunny situation where the bulbs may ripen
well. William Robinson says that imported
bulbs are generally small and usually have
to be grown one or two years before they are
large enough to flower well.

The largest hardy autumn-blooming bulb
is Crinum Powelli, which has pink lily-like
flowers perhaps six to eight inches across and
as many as eight in a bunch. ‘The plant
grows three or four feet high and kills down
to the ground every winter but if the bulb is
planted six inches deep and covered with a
mound of ashes in winter to shed the rain it
will prove hardy in the latitude of New York.
It is a hybrid between the hardiest member
of the genus (C. longifolium), and one of the
showiest (C. Mooret).

LILY SPIKES FOUR FEET LONG

The giant lily (Eremurus robustus) is one
of the stateliest hardy plants. It is a desert
member of the lily family which actually
throws up stalks taller than a man. The
spikes proper are often four feet long and
carry numerous small bell-shaped flowers.
It is a costly plant because of the extra-
ordinary character of its root, which con-
sists of a number of long beet like roots
arranged horizontally in a circle. They
are so brittle that they must be packed
with the utmost care. It takes about six
or eight years to grow them from seed to

The Easter lily can be flowered at Christmas, if the early arriving bulbs are bought now

1906

AUGUST,

The Annunciation or Madonna lily (L. candidum) is
the best hardy white lily. It blooms in June

the flowering size, and therefore roots that
will flower in a year or two cost from two
to four dollars. It is best to cover this plant
with a mound of ashes in winter. Its one
weak point is that it shoots up too early in the
spring and is likely to get caught by the late
frosts. The new shoots (which are like as-
paragus on a gigantic scale and burst tumul-
tuously through the ground) should be cover-
ed with a box on frosty nights. After flower-
ing the plants disappear, and therefore
eremurus should be planted in a spot where
a careless stroke of the hoe is not likely to
ruin it.

THE FLORISTS’ ANEMONE

The poppy anemone (Anemone coronaria)
is a lovely old florists’ flower which has some
of the richest reds and blues to be found in the
vegetable kingdom. I have never heard of
any one in America who has made a success
of them. Their culture is very peculiar. The
best strains of these flowers are said to come
from St. Brigid and Caen and from Nice.
The ‘‘bulbs” are like nothing else in the
heavens above nor the earth beneath. They
are thin flat bodies, no two the same size or
shape, and one never knows which side up to
plant them. The clearest cultural directions
are to be found in William Robinson’s “The
English Flower Garden,” from which these
points are taken. The best bloom is se-
cured by September or October planting
where this can be safely done. Single vari-
eties are now commonly raised from seed
sown in June. The plants are pricked out in
Autumn and will flower the following season.
The anemone flower has two distinct types
of doubling. In some varieties it is the
stamens which are petal-like and in others the
pistils. Plant the bulbs two inches deep.
The crowns, or points that will make the
stems, are obtuse bodies often a shade darker
in color than the surrounding skin and are
generally in clusters near the centre.

Avuaust, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 29

pe eee: —

THE RIGHT DOWN PRACTICAL SIDE OF
GREENHOUSE BUILDING

Eaxjake this ‘greenhouse for general purposes; there is no better type than the full span house. The one
here shown is a simple, attractive house of this character divided into two compartments, one being
used for roses, the other for carnations. [hey could be used equally successfully for the cultivation of
many other varieties of flowers, also for fruits or vegetables. A roomy and handily arranged workroom

at the end, with the boiler and coal storage placed in the basement, is a very convenient adjunct. A
house of this character can be readily extended ina direct line or wings can be joined at either side of the workroom.

There are many strong points about the U-Bar Construction for greenhouses that makes it by far the best, not
only as a plant producing house but as best adaptable for the home grounds. ‘The curved eave line, the aluminum
finish of the interior, the absolute simplicity of the construction gives a house unmatched in attractiveness and
adaptability. The extra wide spacing of the glass and great reduction of heavy supporting members makes a house as
near actual outdoor conditions as is possible and still be indoors. There is no house its equal in plant productiveness.

Our catalog is a comprehensive affair showing you all the practical kinds
of houses—tells what they will best grow, and other interesting things
you want to know before making your greenhouse decision. Send for it.

f =
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DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS OF

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47TH AVENUE & 23RD STREET NEW YORK

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE AvcustT, 1906

A Cheerful View
f

A Serious Situation

Situation I.

Crippled by bone tuberculosis, strapped to a board
night and day.

Joe smiles because he is being wonderfully cured at ESR
Sea Breeze, by the outdoor salt air treatment, the first | Flower Seeds for Summer
American temporary hospital for such cases. Sowing
: HE best time to sow seeds of biennials
Situation II. and perennials is from the middle of
4,500 such children in New York, 60,000 in the | July to the middle of August.
United States, only gg at Sea Breeze. Five-year-old The seeds may be sown in the open ground,
Max speaks for all, ‘‘I don’t want to get dead and be an where the plants are to grow, but I prefer
angel, I want to play first.” to sow them in a coldframe, because here
Joe smiles again because the large permanent hospital much better care in the way of watering and
is already planned, to save many more from a life of shading can be given.
pain and uselessness. For soil, any good garden loam may be

used, but a prepared seed soil will be better.

Situation III.

Of the $250,000 needed for this hospital $35,000
remains to be raised at once, or the sums already
pledged may be lost.

Joe’s smile is a hurry call to you for a part of this
$35,000. The money can’t wait, Joe can’t wait, the
crippled children tortured in the tenements can’t wait.

Situation IV.

Sea Breeze is also the place where the Association is
trying to provide Fresh Air for 20,000 others, many of
whom are sick or at the breaking point, with no escape
from dark, foul tenements and stifling streets.

Buy happiness for them, with strength and new
courage, by sending to Sea Breeze for a week

Some overworked mother with four children, $10.00
A teething baby and ‘‘little mother”’ of ten, 5.00
An underfed shop girl earning $3.00 per week, 2.50
An aged woman fighting for self-support, 2.50
A day party of 400, for one glorious day, 100.00

Leave happiness behind, it will catch up. Send 2 cents
for Happiness Calendar.

IIurry check or pledge to R. S. Minturn, Treasurer,
Room 208, No. 105 East 22d Street, New York City.

New York Association for Improving
the Condition of the Poor

Oriental poppy (Papaver orientale). The flowers are
R. Fulton Cutting, Pres. _ red, orange, salmon or pale pink and sometimes as

much as 6 inches across

1843-1906
work a 2-inch dressing of well decayed horse
See == aan a manure, and enough sand to make your soil
porous. The amount will depend upon

er rr nee ------------ | the condition of the soil.
Make the surface smooth and level with
a rake, and take out any stones and lumps

Contributions may be sent in through THE GARDEN MAGAZINE there may be in the top inch of soil.
p e In order that the seeds may be planted
by ates this blank: at a uniform depth I always use a marker,
which may be made as follows: To a piece
Enclosed find $_ SS Seas Breeze of r-inch board, 4 inches wide, and as long

as the frame is wide, tack down the middle
a +inch square strip. This marker is
SURO eee #o pressed into the soil until the board touches
the surface of the soil, and then carefully
Address ee = ay removed. This leaves a clean drill +-inch
wide and deep, in which to drop the seeds.

Do not sow the seeds too thick—} of an

AuGcusT, 1906

REMOVAL NOTICE
J. M. THORBURN & Co.

(Late of 36 Cortlandt Street)
Have removed to their large new five
story building at

33 BARCLAY STREET

extending through to

38 PARK PLACE

Send for our BULB catalogue—ready
in August—containing as usual, the
largest assortment of high class bulbs in

America. Mailed free on application.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.
NEW YORK
Founded in 1802

Pot Grown Strawberry Plants
ALL LEADING VARIETIES
$3.50 per 100

BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WAREHOUSE
37 East roth Street, New York City

BRING A BROAD SMIL \ :

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| stuffs necessary to plant life. In other
words, fertilize with a growth promoter of \
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Sheep Manure will make your lawn, garden
or orchard fairly beam with new health and
| vigor. Itis the only perfect form of nature’s
| strongest all-round fertilizer—sheep manure; \
| makes every seed doits full duty and
uh quickly renews old soil. Clever gardeners 9R@:
:f and lawn owners use it right now through i

FR SS — (Ss
= = AA

=H) A Wi.

the growing season with notable results in
foliage, fruit and flowers. Finely powdered

gat

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AH
to enter the soil readily and free from weed fl},
A seeds. No refuse nor strong odor. Easy to !
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. where in the U. S. east of Denver, $4.00 per large
barrel. Send money with order. Booklet for the

i asking. DORMANT SOD COMPANY J
Ni 19 Exchange Ave.,Union Stock Yards, Chicago yr:

Ss: BaF
) Pe

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 31

A
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Equal spray i

Descriptive }

AMEDD KEOIRID IB ING INE (GON ZAI ISIE

inch apart is close enough. Cover the seeds
by leveling the soil once more. Then firm
and water it.

Shade is really necessary, and I prefer to
put whitewashed sashes over the frame at
this time, as a close atmosphere can be thus
kept, which will save much watering.

As soon as seed leaves commence to show
above ground, air should be admitted grad-
ually. It you do not have sashes, sufficient
protection from the sun can be secured by
lath screens. These are made six feet long,
and as wide as the laths are long. A space
as wide as a lath should be left between each
two laths.

As soon as the plants commence to crowd
one another, which will be about three weeks
after planting, transplant them to another
position in the frame, or in the open where
they are to grow. If in the frame, set them
3 toginches apart. This wil allow sufficient

Canterbury bell
white.

blue, pink or
An ideal plant for a rich well-drained soil in
partial shade

(Campanula Medium),

room for all the growth the plants will make
this fall. In the spring they can be trans-
ferred to their permanent place.

I much prefer to have my perennials pass
the first winter in the coldframe, for here I
can still give the young plants the best of care.

Have a pile of dry leaves at hand, to use
as a winter covering for these plants, and
when the ground once freezes hard, cover
them two or three inches deep. A thin layer
of salt hay, held in place by a few boards,
or a few pine needles, will hold the leaves
in place.

There is a large list of plants which may be
started in this way. For spring bedding
the pansies and English daisies are always
started now and wintered in a coldframe.
It is really necessary to do so in order that
the plants shall winter in good condition.

Among the biennials which may be started

AuGusT, 1906

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Avover. 1906

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 33

Ten Parts New Completed.

The Dog
Book

The only adequate treatment
of the Dog in America.

By JAMES WATSON.

What Others Say:
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Mellin’s
Food Baby

Do you know why cow’s milk and
mother’s milk are not alike?

Do you know why Mellin’s Food
modifies cow’s milk and makes it
easy of digestion?

Do you know what great chemist
originated the formula of Mellin’s
Food?

Do you know how to select the
proper milk for your baby?

How to prepare it? How to keep
it?

Do you know the correct way to
measure half a spoonful?

Do you know the right and wrong
way of waking baby from sleep?

Do you know the proper way to
lift your baby ?

How to give baby a bath?

How to clothe baby?

All these questions and many
others are fully answered in our
beautiful, helpful book, ‘‘The Care
& Feeding of Infants,’ and we will
gladly send a copy free to you, if
you will write us.

LLIE MCLENDON WEABER,
ExPaso, Trexas.

A Mellin’s Food Girl.

Mellin’s Food Co., Boston, Mass.

“Apollo” Sweeper

Ya is an ideal time and labor-saving machine for the care of
LA Lawns, Goli-greens, Porches, Walks, Barn-iloors;

etc. It takes the place of broom and shovel, sweeping and gathering all in
one operation. The sweepings are carried into the box attached, (see cut)
doing away with the need of basket or cart for collecting the sweepings.

Beautiful Lawns

. are produced by the use of the “‘APOLLO”’ sweeper, because instead of
= injuring the grass or tearing it up as a rake does, the action Of the fibre
bristles promotes the growth of the turf, makes the grass thick and pro-
duces a rich, green, ‘‘velvety’’ appearance, instead ofa d ay or brown
color. It removes every particle of cut and dead grass, leaves, twigs, manure, dirt, etc. If your dealer cannot s y you, write
us and we will send a sweeper on 16 Days Approval. Booklet Free.

THE GREENE MFG. CO., 34 Sycamore St., SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.

““Tt Gathers
asitSweeps”’

PE

(Good Canvassers Wanted.)

34 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

POTTERY

Terra-cotta Garden
Vases, Statuary,
Fountains,
Flower Pots, etc.
Large variety.
Beautiful designs.

Send for Catalogue.

Italian
Flower
Pots

SUN DIAL

SUN DIAL

WILLIAM GALLOWAY, “ois Vics 3224 Walnut Street, Philadelphia

The Nature Club of America

‘‘Country Life in America’ has formed this organization in order
to give its readers the utmost possible assistance in nature work.

M’%s ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK has become the Secretary of THE NATURE CLUB

OF AMERICA, and this fact alone is a guarantee of the authoritativeness of the work of

the club. Mrs. Comstock is probably the most prominent and best equipped teacher of

Nature Study in America. As director of the Home Nature Study Course of Cornell University, she

codnucts correspondence work for the teachers of New York State. Every month ten thousand copies

of the Nature Leaflet which Mrs. Comstock edits in connection with this Correspondence Course are
distributed among. the teachers of New York.

In addition, Mrs. Comstock has regular classes in Nature Study in Cornell University, and she
has taught both at Leland Stanford University, and at the University of California. "Together with her
husband, Prof. John Henry Comstock, Mrs. Comstock is author of ‘‘How to Know the Butterflies.’’
She is author of ‘‘Ways of the Six Footed’’ and ‘‘How to Keep Bees.’’

The readers of Country Life in America who become members of ** THE NATURE
CLUB ’’ will have the benefit of this vast experience of Mrs. Comstock in Nature Study work. In
addition to the monthly course of study in the magazine itself, which will be a feature of the Club’s
work, any member may carry on a correspondence course in Nature Study directly with Mrs. Comstock.

In her work with THE NATURE CLUB OF AMERICA Mrs. Comstock will be assisted
by several eminent naturalists: John Burroughs; Ernest Thompson Seton; A. Radclyffe Dugmore ;
Dr._B. W. Evermann, of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries; Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the Bureau
of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture; C. Wm. Beebe, New York Zodlogical Park ;
Julia E. Rogers, author of ‘‘’The Tree Book.’’

‘*THE NATURE CLUB”? offers its members the following definite advantages:

1. The personal advice in Nature work of the Secretary, who will answer any question.

2. Plans for field excursions furnished by the Secretary.

3. The loan of lectures by prominent naturalists and of stereopticon slides for the lectures.

4. The oversight of the work of local clubs by the Secretary.

Country Life in America formed THE NATURE CLUB OF ATIIERICA 50 as to give
its subscribers who were interested in Nature Study the best possible service. It is a big undertaking
and extends far beyond the ordinary activities of a magazine, but the editors felt this was necessary in
order to: give Nature Study service that would be completely efficient. :

In just this way Country Life in America endeavors to serve its readers in every branch
of outdoor activity. It is the great outdoor magazine of America.

Price 35 cents; $4.00 a year including
three double numbers de luxe

= Tai a NATURE CLUB APPLICATION So tera

a
I hereby apply for membership in THE NATURE CLUB OF AMERICA,

with the understanding that there are to be no dues during my term of membership. | |

T enclose $4.00 for a
year’s subscription to

MG SSIS aI EES 9 oie 27 ea een oo

“Country Life in
Town State

America”

(If you are now a subscriber cross out the above lines and send no money. )

AuvcusT, 1906

are the foxglove and Canterbury bells.
These must be sown each year, because they
die after flowering.

The foxgloves, particularly the common
one, need sowing but once, because each
fall, if a plant is allowed to go to seed, a
large number of seedlings will be found
about the base of the old plant.

With one exception, the foxgloves grow
from two to four feet high; the exception is
the rusty foxglove (Digitalis ferruginea,)
which grows four to six feet high. The
flowers are tubular shaped, and are white,
spotted with purple, or they may be red,
gray, yellow, or purple, according to the

e

t ¢

MonKshood or aconite (Aconitum Napellus) one of the
best tall blue flowers, 3 to 4 feet high. The flowers
vary to white. The leaves are poisonous and have
been Known to Kill poultry

kind grown. The common foxglove is
Digitalis purpurea.

The Canterbury bells are very beautiful.
The most commonly grown is Campanula
Medium, growing one to four feet high,
and having large, inflated, bell-shaped flowers
two inches long, and nearly as much across.
There are hose-in-hose and cup-and-saucer
varieties, (var. calycanthema) which come
fairly true from seed.

Although a perennial, the Iceland poppy
(Papaver nudicaule), will give better results
if treated as a biennial, a new lot being
started each fall, because the plants winter
kill badly after a year or two. If sown in the

Avaust, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 30

wat
a

Amatite needs no coating or ic BE: SF Ly
painting of any kind, during its = Bi Seems 7 For All Roofs
i (Xe } ey For All Weathers

entire existence. It contains in : ,
itself the elements of resistence is | es A For All Time

to water and air. Instead of merely presenting a I ; Rex Flintkote Roofing is used in the tropics. It

smooth surface to receive a coat of paint (which ' NU/ : stands the sun and rains. It is likewise used in the

is then the real roof), Amatite itself is the pro- ‘ Lee arctics. It stands the cold and snows there. We have it on all
tective material. It needs no further painting or ; sorts of roofs—under allsorts of conditions—and it wears. That’s why

coating of any kind, or at anytime. The mineral

surface takes the place of that. No trouble, no ex- We Know It Will Suit Your Needs
pense, nothing to think about after the roof is laid. ; :

White for a sample to the nearest office of the : The dairyman says it insulates against weather extremes; the poultry-
Barrett Manufacturing Company, man finds it keeps all dampness out of his coops; the farmer discovers in
eeeesment. New York, Chicago; Cleve- it the first roofing that takes care of itself; factory use proves it proof

ee “ Y 8 HApES against acid fumes. All find it as easy to lay as a carpet, yet wind-proof,
land, Allegheny, Kansas City, St. Louis, Nita H weather-proof, rot-proof. Made of chemically treated long-fibre wool
apolis, Philadelphia, New Orleans and Cincinnati. I ; : that retards fire. Under-coat is rot-preventing flint. Consider your own

. i : roofing troubles and then investigate Rex Flintkote. It has proved a

saving for others; it will for you.
ic - For artistic effects use our new red paint especially prepared for
Rife Automatic f Rex Flintkote. The ‘‘Flintkote Boy’’ is the trade mark that protects you.
Hydraulic Ram ee Look for it always.
: . Let us send you free sample for red-hot coal test; also

free booklet on roofing points. Stop expensive experi-
No Attention No Expense ; : ; _ menting, and write to-day to learn about this
perfected roofing.

ace J. A. & W. BIRD & CO.
Country Homes Formal Gardens Bas a7ndia St.
" oston
Farms Town Plants Irrigation ee te \ Mass.
Railroad Tanks Dairies, Etc. g :

5000in Operation 80% efficiency developed
Catalog and Estimate Free

RIFE ENGINE €O., 2109 Trinity Bldg., New York

(Water Pumped by Water Power)

Runs Continuously

~The Lincoln Furhit rea

Neglect Your Fire Insurance
Rather than Your Painting

iD = Ca 2h :
VTHERE’S MONEY

FARMIN

If you understand Modern Methods and
FARM INTELLIGENTLY.

Every reader of THE GarnEN MAGAZINE
who is interested in farming or gardening, in
the growing of fruit or of flowers, is invited to
sendfora free copy of our 80-page catalogue
and full information in regard to the Home
Study Courses in Agriculture, Horticulture,
Landscape Gardening and Floriculture which
we offer under Prof. Brooks of the Massa-
chusetts Agricultural College and Prof. Craig
of the Comell University.

The Home Correspondence School
Dept. 8 SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

Your house may never burn—fire insurance is merely a wise provision against a remote contingency.

But with regard to paint, “it is a condition and not a theory that confronts us.” If we don’t keep our
property well painted it will surely deteriorate, and this deterioration can never be made good. A house
kept in condition with good paint is practically imperishable. “Good Paint” is paint based on pure lin-
seed oil and OXIDE OF ZINC.

A Suggestive Pamphlet The New Jersey Zinc Co.

“Paint: Why, How, and When,’’
FREE to property owners. 71 Broadway, New York

We do not grind zinc in off. A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application.

36

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

WATER

is the one thing needed in constant and
abundant supply in every home. You
may economize in using coal, meat,
books, horses and automobiles; you
may cut down your allowance for
amusements and tobacco, and still suffer
no harm, but the moment you curtail
your use of water, you invite unclean-
liness and ill-health. You lower
your moral tone.

Ask any man who has installed in
his home a

Hot-Air
Pump

what the effect has been, and his re-
ply will be, “My family uses more
water than before, because the supply
is abundant and always available. |
also find, that my children, with a bath
at hand, have, of their own accord,
acquired habits of cleanliness.” Surely
this is something which cannot be
measured in dollars and cents, and
yet, a Hot Air Pump is not an ex-
pensive luxury.

B isi

Practically automatic, the cost of main-
tenance is almost nil: Capacity 100 to
100,000 gallons of water per diem. One of
these pumps, representing a permanent in-
vestment which will outlast a generation, can
now be bought at the very low price of
$108. Descriptive catalogue “U”’ sent
free on application.

Rider - Ericsson Engine Co.

35 Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston.
40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 40 N. 7th St., Philadelphia

Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba.
22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W.
234 Craig St.. West, Montreal, P. Q.

open in March or April the Iceland poppy
will flower the following fall, so if one makes
two sowings a year, an almost continual
supply of the very dainty yet showy flowers
can be had all summer long.

The hollyhock (Althea rosea), is a dear old-
fashioned flower‘to which a lot of sentiment
is attached. It has one drawback, the
hollyhock disease, which so far no one seems
to be able to control. It should, however,
be grown, but as soon as it becomes diseased
dig it up and burn it. It grows from four
to six feet high, and bears a long spike of

~
uv ®

The foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is an old-fashioned
and very dignified looking plant especially useful near
buildings. Likes a rich, well-drained soil in partial
shade or full sun

large flowers.
and forms.

The two most beautiful yellow flowers of
the garden are the tickseeds, Coreopsis
grandiflora and C. lanceolata. ‘The former
has a solid yellow flower, while the latter
has a brown eye. ‘The flowers are 1 to 25
inches in diameter, and are borne on long
naked stems a foot long. They are very
good for cutting. The plants are one to
two feet high.

The blanket flower (Gaillardia aristata,

It may be had in many colors

1906

AUGUST,

)> FRI ULIALNR

| Thirty Retail Stores in
| Greater New York & Principal €ities

SALES AGENTS EVERYWHERE.

Tne Carden Pagozinx
wt. 25 ounces.
Are you getting such re-

| 3 ‘buttons’

~-MUSHROOM

| sults from the spawn you are using? If you would
like to grow better mushrooms and get larger yields,
let us send you our booklet on ‘Mushroom Spawn and
Guide to Mushroom Culture’.

PURE CULTURE SPAWN CO.,

Box 95.

ORCHIDS

Pacific, Mo.

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIDS in the United States

LAGER & HURR ETT
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

MAULE’S SEEDS LEAD ALL

Illustrated Catalogue free
WM. HENRY MAULE
1701 Filbert Street, Philadelphis, Pa.

z Whitewashin
de Painting 8

Will apply any kind of
paint or whitewash and
| spread it evenly and thoroughly.
Will paint the largest barn in
§ half aday.

Made in four styles and 36

M sizes, atfrom $10 to $300.
Send for booklet H.
Agents wanted:
SPKAMOTOR
co.

~ BUFFALO, N. Y.
LONDON CAN.

AvucustT, 1906

DEE GAR DEN’ MCATG@AZ IN E

Practical Books
for the Garden

Ferns and How to
Grow Them

By G. A. WooLson.

An authoritative little hand-book, deal-
ing with the growing of hardy ferns
both in the garden and indoors. Pro-
fusely illustrated. Net, $1.10. (Post-
age 10C.)

Roses and How to
Grow Them

A very practical volume,‘ uniform with
the above. Profusely illustrated. Net,
$1.10. (Postage roc.)

How to Make a
Vegetable Garden

By Epiry L. FULLERTON.

A real necessity for a suburban or a

country home. 250 beautiful photo-

graphic _ illustrations. Net $2.00.
(Postage 20C.)

Flow to Make a
Flower Garden

A charming and practical book by ex-
perts on every branch of the subject.
219 beautiful photographic illustrations.
Net, $1.60. (Postage 16c.)

Flow to Make
School Gardens

By H. D. Hemenway.

Illustrated, ($1.10 postpaid.)

FHlow to Plan the
Flome Grounds

By SAMUEL Parsons, JR.

Illustrated. ($1.10 postpaid.)

A Plea for Hardy
Plants

By J. W. Exxiorr.
Beautifully illustrated. ($1.76 postpaid.)

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD's WORK ‘THe GARDEN
IN AMERICA FARMING MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

Hammer the Hammer

Hammer, $5 <<
Hammerless, $6 A

or Drive a Nail
with an

i

‘Johnson

a SAFETY AUTOMATIC

Revolver

but don’t try it with azy other. The Iver Johnson is equipped
with our automatic safety lever that must be im place before the
hammer can touch the firing pin and the lever cannot be in place
unless you purposely pull the trigger all the way back.

Pull the trigger and an Iver ‘Johnson is just as sure to fire
as it’s sure zo¢t to go off any other way.

For absolute: reliability, accuracy, finished protection in every
detail of material and workmanship, the Iver Johnson has few
rivals and no superiors. It is made and guaranteed by the
largest manufacturer of revolvers in the world. We make and
sell almost as many revolvers as all other American makers
combined. The quality of our goods is the reason.

Send for Our Booklet “‘Shots”

It’s full of firearm lore; gives important facts that every owner of firearms should know, and
goes into the details and illustrates by sectional views the peculiar construction of the Iver Johnson.

These revolvers can be fitted, at extra prices,
Iver Johnson Safety as follows: blued finish, soc.; 2-inch barrels, no iver Johnson Safety

Hammer Revolver additional charge; 4-inch barrel, s5oc.; 5-inch Hammerless Revolver

inch barrel, nickel-plated 4oGP Ge ;
Aine ears cartaideel barrel, $1.00; 6-inch barrel, $1.50; Pearl stocks, s-inch’ barrel) ‘nickel-plated

2-28 center fire 22-32 caliber, $1.25; 38 caliber, ¢1.50; Ivory finish, 32-38 enter
rides ee $5.00 stocks, 22-32 caliber, $2.50; 38 caliber, $3.00. fire cartridge 2s $6.00

For sale by Hardware and Sporting Goods dealers everywhere, or will be sent
prepaid on receipt of price if your dealer will not sapply. Look for the ovwl’s
head on the grip and our name on the barrel.

IVER JOHNSON’S ARMS AND CYCLE WORKS
167 River Street, Fitchburg, Mass.

New York OFFIcE: 99 Chambers Street
Paciric Coast Brancu: P. B. Bekeart Co.,2330 Alameda Ave., Alameda, Cal.
EuRopEAN OFFice: Pickhuben 4, Hamburg, Germany

Makers of Iver Johnson Bicycles and Single Barrel Shotguns

IS YOUR BEAUTIFUL LAWN DISs-
FIGURED BY UGLY LEANING
CLOTHES POSTS that are a constant eye
sore? Get

HILL’S FAMOUS
LAWN DRYER

It always looks neat and tidy. Holds 100 to 150
feet of line, quickly removed after the wash. Lasts
a lifetime; saves line and clothes. No tramping in
wet grass or snow: lire comes to you. More than
two million people use them. Also Baleony
and Roof Dryers.

If not found at hardware store,

Park Avenue, Worcester, Mass.

Gainlnee HILL DRYER CO., 359

Hardy Gurion Flowers
No. 7

If there is one flower that more than all others isredo
lent in its associations with the old-fashioned garden
itis the perennial phlox. To think of the phlox isto le
one’s mind drift backward into long forgotten days. Out

| grandparents looked upon the phlox as the most gorgeous
of all their hardy flowers, and to-day we have immensely
more beautiful modern varieties, which range in color
from deep purple to pure white. Nothing will give a
longer season of bloom. If you cut out the early shoots,
the others flower until frost. There are tall and dwarf
varieties, from four feet downward. The immense trusses
of bloom, and their delicate fragrance, are known to every-

| body, but it is to the charming combinations of colors in

| the newer types, which also have larger flowers, that we
ask your attention also. A particular advantage aboutthe
phloxisthat you can transplant it at any time of the year.
Now is fully as good as any other time.

We offer all the best varieties of phloxes including such

superb kinds as **Mrs. Lingard” with its beautiful snowy
| white flowers, ‘‘La Vague,”’ the most beautiful silvery grey,
and “‘Coquelicot,’’ with its firey scarlet color. Our cata-
log lists them all in detail.
PRICES

Phlox paniculata, $1.50 per doz.; $10 per hundred.

Phlox suffruticosa, 2.00 perdoz.; 15 per hundred.

We are specialists in hardy perennials, growing them
exclusively. With all our energies devoted to their cul-

| ture we have a stock such as is possible only under these
conditions.

J. B. KELLER SONS
ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

The Agricultural Experts Association

GEORGE T. POWELL, President
120 Broadway, N. Y.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

known in the trade as G. grandiflora) has a
wealth of gorgeous yellow, red and bronze
flowers three to four inches across, and
sometimes even five inches. ‘The cut flowers
last well in water. It must be grown in a
rich, light, well drained soil in a sunny sit-
uation. Ina damp place it winter kills.

The cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) and
the great lobelia (L. syphilitica) are two beau-
tiful plants for cool, shady places. ‘The cardi-
nal flower grows two to four feet high, bearing
long spikes of intensely bright cardinal
flowers; each flower is about one inch long.
The great lobelia attains a height of three
feet, and has spikes of pale blue flowers.

The Oriental poppy (Papaver orientale)
bears mammoth cup-shaped crimson flowers
measuring six inches across. Each petal
has a big black spot at the base. It is a very
hardy plant, and will thrive if given only
half a chance. Another perennial poppy
which closely resembles the Oriental poppy,
and is said to flower earlier is P. bracteatum.
The flowers of the two are identical.

The Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus)
unlike many of the perennials, has a pro-
fusion of bloom the second year. The in-
dividual flowers are small, but are borne in
large bunches, three or four inches across.
The flowers vary in color from dark red to
white, and are sweet scented.

New York. W. CLARK.

A Cultural Guide to Hardy
Orchids

The following summary is intended to
show at a glance the relative value of the
hardy orchids and how to grow them:

I.—Wo0oDs-LoVING ‘SPECIES

These are supposed to be content with partial shade,
leaf mold and moist (not damp) soil.

1, The lady’s slipper type.
Flower pink
The best hardy orchid
Showy lady’s slipper

The largest flower, but hard to grow
Moccasin flower
Flowers yellow
Slipper } to 2 in. long, pale yellow
Large yellow lady’s slipper
Slipper $ to 1} in. long, bright yellow
Small yellow lady’s slipper
Flowers white
The easiest orchid to grow
Eastern white lady’s slipper
Large, fragrant: needs winter cover
Rocky Mountain white lady’s slipper

2. The other types.
Fils. greenish white
Fls. pinkish purple

Rattlesnake plantain
Showy orchis

II.—SprEcIES PREFERRING WET FEET

Yellow-fringed orchis

Flower yellow
Ladies’ tresses

Flowers white
Flowers purple, large

AuGUST, 1906

———— ee ee

Ga eP | Thisis the kind that you get when you buy hose

bearing our name and brand.
You can make a positive saving of 50 per
# cent or more in cost of Lawn Hose by buying
the genuine

“BULL-FROG” BRAND

LESS TUBE.
Because “BULL FROG” BRAND costs no more and lasts over
twice as long as the oldstyle lapped tube kind. Nine-tenths
of all hose trouble is because of faulty seams. (See Cuts.)
SPECIAL OFFER:—To widely distribute ‘ LL-FROG”
BRAND. We will, it your dealer does not handle it, ship
you, upon receipt of price on 30 Days’ Free Trial, 50-ft.
4-in. 3-ply with bras: couplings and nozzle complete for
87.50, express prepaid East of the Mississippi River and North
of the Tennessee line; equalized beyond. Money back if not
satisfied. FREE! Upon request valuable book on “Lawns,
their making and care.” Dealers should write and learn
how they can increase their Lawn Hose business. 417, Summit St.
7

The Toledo Rubber Co, 724E20,0-

Reference any bank in Toledo.

This is the Kind you no .
doubt have bought in kas= 6) LAPESD-
TUBE

Established
1890.

the past.

EXTENSIVE COLLECTIONS }] |

Pzonies

el Jape
= erman
Iris | Siberian

Phloxes
Evergreens, specimens
Strawberries, pot grown

Send for Special Summer List, also our General Catalogue

THE ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY

New Haven Connecticut
Visitors always welcome at the nursery.

THE THOUSAND
ISLANDS

will be more attractive than ever this
season. The New York Central Lines
Four-Track Series No. to, “The St.
Lawrence River from the Thousand
Islands to the Saguenay ” contains the
finest map ever made of this region.
Copy will be sent free, postpaid, on
receipt of a two-cent stamp by George
H. Daniels, Manager, General Advertis-
ing Department, Grand Central Station,

1 D Neo Baa of Country Places; Examinations made of

Land with full reports and Suggestions for Improvement;
Advice on General Management; Policies Outlined; Location of
Buildings; Landscape Work; Orchard Development; Care of
Forest Land and Live Stock. Correspondence invited.

CACTUS

Large purple-fringed orchis New York.
Flowers purplish, small THE
Smail purple-fringed orchis

III.—SPHAGNUM-LOVING SPECIES

These are all bulbous species about six inches high,
with pinkish flowers and are supposed to prefer
sphagnum, wet feet and full sunshine.

REACH THE THOUSAND
ISLANDS FROM EVERY

SUCCULENTS, ODD and RARE PLANTS Flower like a lady’s slipper Calypso
; . DIRECTION
Largest Importer and Grower in United States Flower with a gaping mouth Arethusa
: Flowers with a short fringe Pogonia
F. WEINBERG, Woodside, 15s Flowers several, 4 in. across Grass pink C. F. DALY, Passenger Traffic Mgr., NEw York

Illustrated Catalogue on Application

New York. WILHELM MILLER.

THE RnErToct Z
RUST=PROOF

Is the only guaranteed fencing. GALVANIZED AFTER
WEAVING. The Wheelock Trellis, Flower Bed Guard,
Lawn Fence, Lawn Guard, Tree Guard, etc. are economi-
cal and beautiful.

If your dealer has it not, send order to us.

WRIGHT WIRE CO. (.nenee nian

Large Catalogue on request. -

VICKS BULBS

ACKED by fifty-five
years of experience in
Quality. For September
planting we have abso-
} lutely the finest and most
|] satisfactory offerings.
Your wants are realized
precisely and accurately
when you order from the
Pioneer Mail
Order Seed
House.

Lilium Pardalinum

JAMES VICK’S SONS
362 Main Street Rochester, N.Y.

Rudyard Kipling’s
Famous Books

Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50

The Five Nations. Net, $1.40. Postage, 14 cents

Just So Stories. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents

The Just So Song Book. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents

Kim. $1.50

The Day’s Work, $1.50

Stalky & Co. $1.50

The Brushwood Boy. $1.50

Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50

The Kipling Birthday Book. $1.00

Life’s Handicap: Being Stories of Mine Own People. $1.50

Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Wee
Willie Winkie. $1.50

From Sea to Sea. Two Volumes. $2.00

The Light That Failed. $1.50

Soldier Stories. $1.50

(With Wolcott Balestier,) The Naulahka. $1.50

Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room
Ballads. $1.50

Soldiers Three. The Story of the Gadsbys, and In Black
and White. $1.50

Published and sent on receipt of price by

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

eee

ad

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

An Everyday
Kind ot Vacation

HY not take a vacation every day or so—the kind of vacation
that gets into your very being, making you forget the nag
and drag end of things, filling your nature with a new

enthusiasm, your arms with fragrant flowers and fruit? But, we area
bit ahead of our story. Do you know that the way we design and
equip our greenhouses, makes them really delightful spots in which to
care for your flower friends, to spend a few hours a week with grow-
ing plant life? Practical, convenient, cheery houses, where one can
have, at a comparatively small expense, a health resort and a garden
within half a stone’s throw of your door step. A glass enclosed
garden—a garden of roses—a bank of ferns—a veritable tropic of palms—

or beds of the more prosy but delicious melon, cucumber or tomato.

LORD & BURNHAM Co. By all means, have a

greenhouse — our kind —
Greenhouse Designers have a talk with us about
it.

and Manufacturers
1133 Broadway, Cor. 26th St., N. Y. SA > CED
Boston Branco: 819 Tremont Building. Booklet.

FAIRFAX ROSES The Conard & Jones Company

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free Growers of the “‘Best Roses in America’’

W. R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA Box P, West Grove, Pennsylvania

ARE YOU READY TO PLANT?

Let us reserve HARDY EVERGREENS FOR AUGUST

ONES Cee TO Peonies, Phlox and other old-fashioned FLOWERS FOR
Ns SEPTEMBER

Sizes and Prices

of all the Hyacinths, Tulips, Daffodils, Deciduous Trees, Shrubs and
Best Varieties of Hardy ‘Roses for OCTOBER and NOVEMBER

Fruit and

Ornamentals ROSEDALE NURSERIES

Landscape Department, 63 Hamilton Place

S. G. HARRIS, M.S., Tarrytown, N.Y.

40

GARDEN MAGAZINE

Ee ee

Water For Your Country Home

F you live in the country there is a way for
you to enjoy all the comforts and con-
veniences of a city water supply without

a penny for water tax.
It is accomplished by the Kewanee System.
With the Kewanee System you get even
more than city service, because, in addition to
every benefit the latter affords, you may have
—Sojt water in your bathroom and laundry.
* * * *

The Kewanee System is easily explained; it
consists simply of hav:ng a Kewanee Pneu-
matic Tank set in your cellar or buried in the
ground.

The water from your own well or cistern is
pumped into the Kewanee Tank.

From the tank the water is delivered under
pressure to the laundry tubs, kitchen sink, bath-
rooms, outside hydrants or wherever wanted.

When the tank is half full of water the air
which originally filled the entire space will be
compressed into the upper half of it.

It is this pressure exerted on the water
which delivers it to the plumbing fixtures and
hydrants.

An average pressure of 40 pounds may be
maintained under ordinary conditions This
will carry water to a height of 80 feet, thus af-
fording splendid fire protection.

You see that the method, while perfectly
simple, is based on a thoroughly scientific plan.

The Kewanee Water Supply Company was
the first to apply this principle successfully in
supplying water to country houses, and after
ten years of experience the system has proved
to be entirely practical and it is rapidly grow-
ing in favor.

Over 5,000 Kewanee Outfits now in use.

Kewanee Water Supply Company, Drawer S, Kewanee, III.

The old stvle elevated tanks are passing

— Because they stand no show in competition
with the modern, no-trouble system—the
Kewanee System.

The old fashioned gravity system meant
pumping water up in order to get it down again.

Now, to give the necessary pressure for fire protection
and service, the elevated tank must be located on top of a
tall tower. This is expensive, unsightly and unsafe.

The water freezes in winter, becomes warm and stag-
nant in summer, and repairs are a big item of expense.

The attic tank doesn’t give sufficient pressure for fire
protection.

Its weight is apt to crack the plastering, and when it
leaks (as it is pretty sure to do) your house is flooded.
Tust one such exnensive accident may cost you many t:mes
the price of a Kewanee Outfit

—Which cannot flood the house, because the tank is
resting on solid ground where it can do no damage.

The installation of a Kewanee Pneumatic Water
System in your country home means

—Plenty of pure, fresh water,

—Cool water in the summer,

—No freezing water in winter,

—Absolute protection from fire,

—Decrease in insurance rates.

—A plant that will last a lifetime,

—No expensive repairs.

It solves the country water problem completely

The Kewanee System will take care of al] your needs
—for home, garden, lawn, stables, poultry houses, etc.

* * * *

Our Kewanee Outfits are completc.

Not an engine only, which in itself cannot give you a
water supply—nor a tank only, which is useless unless you
have some form of pumping power—

But, we furnish the whole thing—a complete system of
water supply.

Our engineering department is prepared to solve vour
water problem—no matter how difficult that problem
may now appear.

Kewanee Outfits are made in sizes suited to the small-
est cottage—or largest building—or group of buildings.

We guarantee every Kewanee Outfit to give perfect
SErUICE.

Send for catalog No. 16 which gives names of users in
your State—freeif you mention this magazine.

Mexican Palm Leaf Hat 50c—

Hand woven by Mexicans in Mexico from
palm fiber. Double weave, durable and
light weight with colored design in brim.
Retails at $1.00,sent post paid tor GOc to in-
4\ troduce our Mexican hats and drawn work.
ame hat plain, 4oc; both for 75c. Large,
medium and smallsizes. Fine for fishing,
camping, seashore and gardening. Hat
booklet free.

The Francis E. Lester Co., Dept. J8. Mesilla Park. N.M.

5 LLL LLS DDR bap
a MELEE <teayeiee!

arop mon DW Sasbioned
Olants flower Gardens

including Phloxes, Bell Flowers, Larkspurs, Poppies, Pzonies,
Iris, Garden Pinks, Day Lilies, ete. Also fine collection of |
novelties. Catalogue on application.

FREDERIC J. REA Norwood, Mass.

AvucustT, 1906

Few Bugs in Clean Gardens

HERE is entirely too much of the so-
called ‘‘hind sight” and far too little
foresight in our warfare against the bugs.
When in midsummer we suddenly find a crop
being destroyed by hundreds of hungry cater-
pillars or beetles, we wonder where they
came from and proceed to combat them
when they have already partially ruined the
crop. One of the worst contributary causes
is the neglect to clear out the remains of
the gathered crops leaving the stumps,
stubble, or vines lying in the garden where

. they grew, or in piles, serenely indifferent to

the fact that our insect enemies are thriving
and increasing upon them.

There are many simple methods of effectu-
ally checking the increase of these insects
and thus obviating the necessity for expensive
remedial measures. In warfare against in-
sects as against disease, we need more hy-
giene and less remedial treatment.

In the cabbage patch after the crop has
been gathered, the stumps, which have
sprouted out, will be found in the field where

The dead and de.
caying vegetation left after gathering a crop furnishes

Raising next year’s insect pests.

food and winter protection for the insects. Clean up!
they grew or sometimes gathered into piles.
The sprouts furnish ample food for the
bugs during the balance of the season and
form snug quarters in which the winter is
safely passed. In these stumps or piles
may be found the chrysalids of all the com-
mon cabbage caterpillars and the adult
harlequin bugs so injurious in the South.
Had the stumps been uprooted and piled
as soon as the crop was gathered, all of
these pests would have assembled upon
the piles, which might then have been de-
stroyed in the fall or early spring and thus
caught the greater part of the insects.

The same principles apply to most of the
pests of melons, cucumbers and squashes.
Both the squash bug and striped cucumber
beetle hibernate under the old vines and
other rubbish always found in the melon
patch, where they feed and breed unmolested

AvaeustT, 1906

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 41

Mexican Palm Leaf Hat, 50c.
An ideal hat for fishing, camping, sea-
shore and gardening.

No hat procurable at double our price is as suitable for the
gardener, hunter, camper or fisherman as our genuine hand- }
woven Mexican Palm Leaf Hats. These are made by Mexicans

I in Mexico from strong palm fibre, especially for us and we 1m-
port them direct.

This hat is light weight, but |
very strong, with colored design
woven in brim. Retails at $1.00,
sent prepaid for 50 cents as
special offer. Same hat plain,
4o cents; both for 75 cents. All
sizes; large, medium and small.

This hat is similar grade to
above, but plain design, larger size,
taller crown, and with 6 inch brim,
yet weighs only 6 ounces.
Regular $1.50 value, our
special price 75 cents pre-
paid. An ideal fisherman’s
hat. All sizes. Send for
illustrated booklet of Mexi-
can hats, FREE.

Indian Swatiska Pin, 26c.

These pins are solid silver, hand-hammered by Navajo
Indians from coins. Genuine, popular, antique and pretty.
We offer various styles at greatly reduced
prices. Swatiska Stick Pin, 3-8 inch plain,
26 cents; set with turquoise, 35 cents.
Swatiska Brooch Pin, 9-16 inch, plain, 40
cents; set with turquoise, 50 cents. Swatiska
Ring, all sizes, plain, 35 cents; set with
turquoise, 45 cents. For other Swatiska
articles, send for booklet.

Genuine Coral Necklaces, 18c.
Special Half Price Sale.

Warranted genuine and made from the best imported rich
color coral. We offer for limited time the following sizes at half

ip Rte : regular prices: 14 inch
Necklace, genuine twig or
rough coral with good
clasp, regular 40 cents for
18 cents. Same thing in
Chain 56 inches long, 42
cents. 14inch Necklace of
genuine coral beads, with
good clasp, regular 60
cents, for 28 cents. Same
thing in 56 inch Chain,
84 cents.

Indian Palm Basket, Free

This basket sent free with [all orders
amounting to $2.50 or more—from this adver-
tisement. It is genuine hand woven from
palm fibre by Indians, 5 to 6 inches high,
prettily colored, useful and omamental.
Warranted genuine. Sold incurio stores at
socents. Sent alone if desired for 20 cents.

To all persons ordering from “this advertisement, a copy of
our new 75-page catalogue of Indian Rugs, Mexican Drawn-
work, and other native handicraft, ready September rst, will
be sent free; catalogue to others for 4 cents to pay postage.

THE FRANCIS E. LESTER COMPANY

Department J-8

Largest ‘Retailers of Indian and Mexican
Handicraft in the World

MESILLA PARK, N. M.

GLADIOLI

Plant in July ard August

VI RGINIA—?™= most rare and

beautiful of all
gladiolus is included in the ‘‘ DIAMOND”
collection, consisting of one dozen bulbs of
the gladioli of all the colors of the rainbow
and the choicest varieties known of this the
“EMPRESS OF FLOWERS.” Price
$5.00 for this collection. Send for catalogue.

For the ‘‘ Diamond Selection’’.
» For the ‘‘ Golden Selection”
For the ‘Silver Selection” .
For all Three Selections . .

- + $5.00 per doz,

+ §r.0o per doz,
* . +» 50c. per doz.
. $6.00. one doz. each

STEPHEN FISH SHERMAN
Proprietor of Willow Bank Nursery, Newark, Wayne Co., New York

Evergreens Grown
in New England

Are better and hardier than those grown further South. August and
September are the best months for planting, the percentage of loss
being less than in Spring or late Fall.

Blue Spruce, Concolor Firs, Hemlocks, White, Austrian and
Scotch Pines, Retinosporas, Thuyas, Junipers and many other rare
conifers in all sizes and quantities at lowest prices considering the
quality.

HARDY PERENNIALS

We have the largest and most varied stock of field and pot-grown
plants in America.

We also offer pot-grown Strawberries, Dutch Bulbs and Lilies.
PLANTING SUGGESTIONS and detailed advice sent by

mail without expense to our customers, and we solicit correspondence
on all questions relating to selection or arrangement of Plants.

TWENTY YEARS EXPERIENCE in this work enables us

to give the most valuable advice both as to economy and best results.
Summer Catalogue of Evergreens now ready.

Address Dept. B

SHADY HILL NURSERY COMPANY

Bedford, Massachusetts

For Immediate Planting

We offer
Rare and Choice Perennials, Iris, Peonies, Lilies,
Fall-flowering Crocuses and Strawberries.

Our mid-summer catalogue mailed free on application.
The most interesting bulb catalogue published in the United States, will be
ready August 15th. Apply at once.

W. W. RAWSON @}@ CO.
High Grade Bulbs; Seeds and Plants,

5 Union Street, BOSTON, MASS.

| Bees new wonderful discovery, considered by expert
gardeners the greatest fertilizer in the world, will
make your roses bloom, give all your plants active growth,
will make your sun-baked lawn look like velvet, and your
shrubbery will have new life and withstand the cold
winter. Use **BONORA’’ on your late vegetables, it
will mature them two to three weeks earlier, and double
the crop. Wecan show many endorsements from lovers
of beautiful flowers. Those that have not tried it will do
well to order at once. Have you sickly plants? Do your
rose bushes look sickly? Have you brown and sear spots
on your lawn? Are you preparing your house plants for
the Winter? If so, order ** BONORA.’’ **BONORA’?’
has supplied a long felt want.

The chemist of the BONORA CHEMICAL COM=
; PANY is now in England, placing agencies and depots
for the enormous orders that are going to England and the Continent. This month’s mail brought us
orders from Tyrol, Austria; Philippine Islands, Hawaiian Islands, all parts of Canada, Porto Rico,
Cuba, Mexico, South America and Alaska. Order ‘* BONORA ’’ at once.

Showing the result of Bonora on a Bogonia. The plant
to the left was fertilized with a good commercial
fertilizer, the one to the right with Bonora.

Note the great difference in size
and luxuriance.

Put up in the following packages: Put up in dry form in all size packages as follows:

1, 2, 5 and ro gallon kegs, per gallon, $2.00 1 lb. te 28 gallons, post paid 65

Half Barrels (cont. 25 gals.) Be oS 1.75 5 lbs. Gi 140 “ = = $ 2.50

Barrels (Gomi) sf cc 1.50 io lbs. UG 280 CG - =) 4e75
ce > “ce = =, a,

One gallon makes roo gallons. g spe: iS 139. : f 20.08

200 lbs nS 5600 ie 70.00

BONORA CHEMICAL CO., 584 Broadway, New York

PEDIGREE POT GROWN
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
Our plants are grown with the greatest
care, and the healthy, strong condition they
are in when shipped by us will give a full
crop next year if plants are set out before

September. Order now, early orders get
the best selection of stock.

VERY EARLY VARIETIES: Fairfield, Success, Lady
Thompson, Climax

MID-SEASON VARIETIES: Wm. Belt, McKinley, New
York, Oom Paul, Nick Ohmer, Glen Mary, Sample,
Marshall, Bismarck, Senator Dunlop, Warfield, Clyde,

Bubach.
LATE VARIETIES: Gandy, Lester Lovett, Arline, Aroma,
Joe, Late Champion.

PRICE
Per doz., 75 cents; per 100, $3.50; per 1,000, $25.00

Catalogue and Cultural directions mailed free.

STUMPP & WALTER CO.

50 Barclay St., New York.

Native Perennials for the Wild Garden

JAPANESE IRISES,
ROSES AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS
FOR FALL PLANTING.

Orders should be sent in early.
SHATEMUC NURSERIES
Barrytown, Dutchess County, N. Y.

“Eureka”

Weed Killer.

Hl Saves Weeding. Keeps Paths,
Wg etc., clear without disturbing
or staining the gravel.

Soluble Powder, readily mixed and applied.
Large Size Tin, enough for 100 square yards, 75 cents
each. Special prices to Cemeteries and buyers in
large quantities. Full directions with each tin.

VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE -
CHICAGO, 84-86 Randolph St. NEW YORK, 14 Barclay St.

HAYWARD

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

until frost. Rake up the vines and burn
them soon after the crop is gathered.

Standing corn stalks, so commonly seen
in the Middle and Southern States, form an
ideal winter home for all the insect enemies
of corn and other crops. The corn stalk
borer passes the winter in its cell in the crown
of the plant and underneath the bases of the
leaves and in the hollow stalk are chinch
bugs and other corn insects. Many people
have assured me that where they had plowed
out, raked up and burned the corn stubble,
they had been comparatively immune from
many of these pests which seriously injured
neighboring crops.

Even the well known Colorado potato
beetle passes the winter under the old potato
vines left lying in the fields. Stir around
the loose surface soil at the base of an old
vine in any field where the beetles have been
numerous and you will probably find from
one to a half dozen of them curled up for
their long winter’s sleep.

In the orchard most of the fallen apples
are due to the codlin moth caterpillar and
the apple maggot or “railroad”? worm,
which will mature if the fallen fruits are
not destroyed. From the fallen plums,
which its injury has caused to drop, the grub
of the plum curculio emerges when full grown,
and enters the earth to pass the winter.
Hogs and sheep are therefore of great value
in an orchard, but it these are not available,
see to it that all fallen fruit is destroyed and
leave none on the trees, even though it is
valueless, upon which insects may feed and
fungus diseases develop.

E. DwicHt SANDERSON.
Entomologist N. H. Experiment Station.

Spring Wild Flowers.

The Wild Flowers of
Early Summer, etc. The ‘A’? Company, Box 846, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

The card index idea applied to the col-
lection of wild flowers. Each series com-
prises about fifteen folders into which you
are to put a pressed specimen. ‘The folders
are 4x7 inches, and each one contains a
picture of a flower, with a full and interesting
description, and blanks in which you are to
record where and when you find each flower.
It is planned to cover all the important
flowers in eight series, each of which costs
twenty-five cents. It is the most ingenious
scheme of the kind we have ever seen, and
in our opinion is worth twice what is asked
for it, but such devices, however, rarely
achieve great popularity. Being neither
books nor stationery in the ordinary sense,
they flow poorly along the regular trade
channels.

AuGcusT, 1906

- Pearline
Pleases
Exacting
Housekeepers

waite

-Pearline saves colors and fabrics

Peonies

until you have seen

The Peony MWlue Wook
(Ready Aug. 15th)
It’s worth writing and waiting for.
Mailed on request

G. H. PETERSON

Rose and Peony Specialist
FAIR LAWN, NEW JERSEY

Gardeners Supplied

High-class men, with good records, can be
obtained at VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE,

14 Barclay Street, New YorkCity. No fee.
84 Randolph Street, Chicago. =

Competent Gardeners

The comforts and products of a country home are increased by

employing a competent gardener; if you want to engage one, write
to us. Please give particulars regarding place and say whether
married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for
years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER
HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt

Street, New York City.

Japanese Bamboo Stakes

Durable year to year. Indispensable for tying
Lilies, Roses, Chrysanthemums, Dahlias.

3 to 4 feet stakes, roo for 75 cents ; 1000 for $4.00
6 feet stakes, rco for $1.00; 1000 for $6.00
(25 at 100 rate ; 250 at 1000 rate)

Address H.H. BERGER & CO., 47 Barclay St., New York

——————e

en

AM1shi3,

Keep Your Drives Clean.

Don’t Dig Weeds

Kill them with THISTLEINE. Spray the walks,
driveways and gutters with THISTLEINE. ONE
SPRAYING WILL KEEP THEM FREE
FROM WEEDS AND GRASS THE ENTIRE
SEASON. Kills Dandelions, Burdock and Canada Thistles.

5-POUND CAN OF THISTLEINE will make
sufficient solution TO SPRAY % OF AN ACRE.
Price, $2.00. If your dealer doesn’t keep it, send money direct to
LINDGREN CHEMICAL CO., 26 Scribner St., Grand Rapids, Mich.

Used for four years by city of Grand Rapids and officially endorsed.

A Complete Manual of House Building in the Country

THE
COUNTRY
HOUSE

BY
CHARLES EDW.

HOOPER

HIS volume

gives compe-

tently and in detail,

yet without techni-

calities, all the in-

formation neces-

sary in the building

of a country house.
Its practical value is unlimited. 380 illus-
trations. Net, $3.00. (Postage, 30 cents.)

Country LiFe
iN AMERICA

D OUBLEDAY PAGE &CO.

133-135-137 EAST 16™ STREET, NEW YORK

THE WORLD'S WORK
FARMING

GARDEN MAGAZINE 43

| }
lHew- to- Ger.

la-3ny = Get Stance wiry
US LITTLE: Gree nays
ea SU5E-

THE UNIT GREENHOUSE

Just what you have been wanting—wishing
for and hoping some day you might get.

There is now no need of waiting until you have sayed enough
for a large greenhouse.

Our UNIT system of greenhouse building makes it possible for
you to start right away—begin with a small single compartment
house this summer, add another UNIT section or two next spring—
more next fall and so on just as you can afford it— the same as you
would build up a sectional bookcase. These UNIT Greenhouses
are real, practical houses built on precisely the same principles and
forms of construction as our largest buildings—contain every improve-
ment—the only difference being that they are so planned as to be
added to indefinitely.

“How to Get Started with a Snug Little Greenhouse” tells all about our UNIT Green-
houses. Send the five cents in stamps for it before you forget, and when you write
say you want Edition U.

HITCHINGS AND COMPANY

Greenhouse Designers and Builders
Manufacturers of Heating and Ventilating Apparatus
1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

Delicious To Eat

\\ Wy)
4 A] |
Profitable To Sell id
:
Nothing we eat has sweeter recollections of genuine [s.,, aN
pleasure than ‘“‘honey and the honey-comb.”” Nothing Y~==g8e/-‘y}\'
is easier to sell to al! classes of people than a nice, > ea
smooth, clean section of white or golden-tinted honey. |
Bee-keeping in not hard to learn. Itis delightfullyfascinat- aa:
ing. Moreoverit is profitable. There are scores of people who
keep bees and are successful. You can be too. E
““A BCof Bee-Culture’’—The Great Bee-Keeper’s Guide—
the foremost authority—is the book you should get first.
» $1.20 postpaid or $1 with goods. This book tells allthe “ins ar \4
outs’’ of the bee-business, reveals the secrets. Itisfull of pict- ‘Y
ures—550 of them—tells how to construct home-made hives—makes J]
bee-keeping simple to understand. After reading this get one of

Root’s Bee and Honey Guifits

It consists of a full colony of bees, hives, gloves, veil, smoker, beée
hat and full directions—for raising bees and getting honey.

“Gleanings In Bee-Culture” 6 mes. 25c
is the foremost authority on current happenings in ‘‘beedom.’? Comes every
15 days full of good things from every land. It telis how to sell your honey so
you'll make most profit. Subscription, adollarayear. Ifyou only want to try
it to see how good it is, our special Beginners’ Offer iS........ 6 months for 25¢c.
Write us—ask questions—we gladly answer them all.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY,
New York City, Chicago, Ill.
St. Paul, Minn. Syracuse, N. Ye

Medina, Ohio,
‘Washington, D.C.

Philadelphia, Pa. qi}
Mechanic Falls, Maine,

44 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

“PERFECTION /

Am)

z ata SES

mr Ee eel

At popular prices is a 2oth-Century possibility, and,
with our patented one-lever control, is absolutely safe and
reliable, free from complications and care. No skill
being required to operate them, we can guarantee you
satisfaction and the most health-giving pleasure money
can buy you. Others may make this claim, we deliver
the goods. A complete line of boats for inspection,
trial and prompt delivery will be found at our different
branches. Let us Show you Racine worth.

DAINTY FLOWERS 7 |
FROM THE WOODLAND

The Hardy Wild Ferns and Flowers of New
England satisfy the want for something to grow

in dark shady places where the hardy garden plants 122 W. 34th St., = = New York,
will not thrive. They are naturally adapted for 509 Tremont St., = . Boston,
beautifying the dark corner by the porch, the

shaded wall or hedge, the shaded hillside, wet 38 Delaware Ave., z Camden? N. J,
places in both open sun and deep shade. The 1321 Michigan Ave., = Chicago,
brilliant Lobelias and dainty Sentians take to 182 Jefferson Ave., - Detroit, Mich.,
their home along the moist mossy bank. Also 321 Ist Ave, S., - t Seattle,

and all other principal cities.

If interested in Steam or Sail Yachts, Motor Boats,
Auto Boats, Row or Hunting Boats, Dingheys or Canoes
for pleasure or business, write for illustrated truth to the

Racine Boat Mfg. Company, Box 48, Muskegon, Mich.

yepen ee

HARDY ORCHIDS |

as mentioned in the article on Hardy Orchids in
this issue of THE GarpDEN MaGazine. These
orchids give uniqueness to the wild garden, and
while some of them are difficult to grow in cultiva-
tion, others, like the large yellow and white lady’s
slippers, orchis spectabilis and the like, transplant
and thrive as easily as ferns.

A garden of this order will delight you with the charm of its
unfolding ferns ane delicate woodland flowers, bringing the
freshness of the woods and delight of the meadows, adding
another charm to your home.

e have been studying and growing this class of plants for
25 years and shall be glad to help you in your selection.

Send for my illustrated catalogue of over 50 pages, which

tells much about this class of plants.

EDW. GILLETT

S OVUM Wilt ke MeAYS Sir

y

WSBABABSAEATAASVATT AS SVS BA 3 VVVSVS Uli As SSRSSALEA STS AVL AVSS WALT ASE ARE"

ARABBASRAL SS VBBAAST BARBARA SD AAAASAA LARA RAUARAASIARRTS EAAARATRALATD SATA BABA!

FART

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ts = ry
SEEMS

& BR Re

K FRUIT BOOK

shows in NATURAL COLORS and

accurately describes 216 varieties of
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri-
bution to planters.—Stark Bro’s, Louisiana. Mo.

Do You Want a House Like This?

Comfortable, Well Planned and Well Built as can be had for the money?
Such Houses I show in my Books of Designs, or make specially To Your
Order and Satisfaction.

BOOK OF BUNGALOWS, 1906—A unique and artistic book, contain-
ing designs for one and one and a half story Bungalows in various styles
$1,000 up. Printed in Sepia tones. Price by mail, $2.00.

NEW PICTURESQUE COTTAGES— Containing Original and Beauti-
ful Designs for Suburban Homes from $2,800 to $6,000. Price by mail, $1.00.

PICTURESQUE SUMMER COTTAGES, Vol. IIIl—Designs for Stone,
Shingle and Rustic Summer Cottages. Price by mail, $1.00.

For complete, Clear Drawings and Definite Specifications, Original and Artistic
Interior and Exterior Effects, Buy Aly Plans.

KE. E. WOLMAN, Architect, ESPEN BUILDING. PHILADELPHIA, PA.

“COUNTRY AND SUBURBAN HOUSES”

1904 Edition—Designs costing $2,000 to $15,000. Price $2.00
1906 Edition—Designs costing $6,000 to $30,000. Price $2.00
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL AND USEFUL BOOK ON THIS SUBJECT PUBLISHED
The designs are illustrated by fine half-tone engravings made from water color drawings and photographs,
showing the buildings 2s they will actually appear when completed. Each design has alsoa first and seccnd
floor plan carefully worked out and figured, and in a number of instances the interiors are shown from photo-
graph plates ; also accurate estimates of cost, general specifications and useful information on planning and
building. COLONIAL, ARTISTIC, ENGLISH HALF TIMBER and other styles of ARCHITECTURE.
SPECIAL DESIGNS AND DETAILED PLANS PREPARED. HOUSES ALTERED AND REMODELED.
WILLIAM DEWSNAP, Architect.

Tract Society Building, 150 Nassau Street, New York

Dwyer’s Pot Grown Strawberry Plants

Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties sure to give satisfaction and
PRODUCE A FULL CROP IN 1907.

We also have a full line of Fruits and Ornamental Trees, Plants, Vines, etc., for Fall Planting.

We do Landscape Gardening in all its branches. Catalogue Free

T. J. DWYER & CO., P. O. Box 4, Cornwall, New York

For Liquor and
Drug Using

A scientific remedy which has been
skilfully and successfully administered by

medical specialists for the past 27 years
AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES:
Pittsburg, Pa.
4246 Fifth Ave.
Providence, R. {.

Toronto, Ontario
London, England

Columbus, 0.,
1087 N. Dennison Ave:

Philadelphia, Pa.,
812 N. Broad St.

Harrisburg, Pa.

St. Louis, Mo.,

2808 Locust St.
North Conway, N. H.
Buffalo, N. Y.

White Plains, N. Y.

Dwight, Ill.
Marion, Ind.
Lexington, Mass.
Portland. Me.
Grand Rapids, Mich.

Birmingham, Ala.
Hot Springs, Ark.

San Franciseo, Oal,
West Haven, Conn.
Washington, D. ©.,
211 N. Capitol St.

Avucust, 1906

ZZ

Plant Evergreens in August

| eee planting of evergreen trees is goy-

erned by conditions quite different
from those relating to deciduous trees. As
leaves are on the tree at all times, there is a
constant demand on the roots to supply
water to the top, and they can do this best
when the soil is warm, and when growth is be-
ing made.

Therefore planting is done a full month
before the dry heat of summer begins, or the
winter cold arrives. May and August are the
two best possible months.

The roots of coniferous evergreens are
resinous, and if they ever become dry or
chilled in moving, they never recover, and
the tree dies; therefore the greatest care must
be taken from the time the plant is taken
from the soil until it is put in its new position,
to keep the roots from drying out.

When taken from the ground, the roots
should be at once puddled, that is dipped
into a mixture of clay and water about the
consistency of cream. This will give a coat-
ing of earth, and will largely check drying
out. Wrap around the ball of earth some
damp sacking. ‘This is what the good nur-
serymen do when you buy of them. It costs
a little more, perhaps, but it more than pays
for the time and trouble.

HOW TO PLANT

Dig the hole larger than the ball, and take
out any stones that there may have been in
the soil. Loosen up with a pick the hard
soil in the bottom of the hole, and throw in
the stones, for drainage. When ready to put
the tree in the hole, remove the wrapping,
examine the roots, to see if any of them have
been injured in digging or shipping. If so,
carefully trim, making a clean, square cut
from the inner side of the root.

I have found it good practice to partially
fill the hole with soil after the plant has been
set, then to take hold of the stem and lift the
plant up and down an inch two or three times.
This works the soil in among the loose roots.
Give a good watering, to complete the pack-
ing of the soil among the fine roots.

Now finish filling up the hole, and make
the soil firm by tramping. After the tree
is set, give a very thorough watering, having
first made an embankment around the tree,
to hold the water. Give at least three gal-
lons to a plant two feet high.

Finally, mulch the soil about the tree, so
as to keep the moisture in the soil; use straw
or litter six or eight inches deep. ‘There is
little else that can be done to induce the plant
to grow, unless it is syringing, which I believe
it is wise to do daily.

New York. Paves

| Aveust, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 45

{|
|
a

Ge VY Re: AG 5 <= Sa
A DIRECTORY | Ars we fia tie i GENERATORS,
OF LIGHTING it : omer | |FIXTURES,
EQUIPMENT : SS immer oe MR) | SUPPLIES, Etc.

e>
— i

A Service Department has been established by the publishers of THe Garpen Macazine to give readers information relating to any phase of the lighting
problem of the country home. Address Service Department, THE GarpEN MaGazine, 133 East 16th Street, New York City

—
»

Gas and Electric Light

Posts and Lamps

IF YOU USE

ACETYLENE

We want to send you

A SAMPLE BRAY BURNER

The "Beto" Burner will produce a
greater amount of light than is possible
with any other Bumer ever made for
Acetylene.

One "Beto" Burner will furnish suff-
cient light to illuminate any room in an
ordinary house.

One "Beto" Burner will give as much light as
three ordinary Burners, and consumes but one-half
the amount of gas.

Write us to-day, mention kind of generator used,
enclose 10 cents to cover postage and packing, and
we will send yu A SAMPLE BURNER.

W. M. CRANE COMPANY
Room No. 36, 1131-33 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Gir OLI (Grr

=| Carbide-Feed

ACETYLENE Generators _
’ GAS S/ combine safety and wonderful
brilliance with great economy.
We Prove This in Our Free Book

explaining the Acetylene principle, describing the Colt
Generator, and giving prices on all sizes from 10
lights up, with scores of testimonials.
State your needs and ask questions.
Give us your hardware dealer’s name
when you write.
J. B. COLT COMPANY

!Dept. M, No. 21 Barclay Street, New York
Chicago Philadelphia Los Angeles

and other

Ornamental

Fixtures for

The Bray ‘Beto’

=< Country Grounds

Copyright, 1903, bv The
J. L. Mott Iron Works

Flower Vases in Cast Iron and Bronze, Lawn and
Park Fountains, Aquariaand Aquarium Fountains,
Drinking Fountains, Statuary, Settees and Chairs,
Tree Guards, Railings and Entrance Gates, Stable
and Cattle House Fittings and Weather Vanes.

THE JARVIE SHOP

AN FURNISH CANDLESTICKS for your
GC country house. It makes many different
styles, suitable for all purposes, both beau-

tiful and practical.

We issue separate Catalogue of each of
the above, which will be sent on request.

THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS

ORNAMENTAL DEPT.
84 to 90 BEEKMAN ST., NEW YORK

The SCONCES, or wall candle
holders, are very effective

Lanterns, Bowls, Trays—in fact, A rilivane Lamp
for the Country Grounds

At the entrance and roadways a clear, constant
light is necessary.

The Dietz No. 3

is built for this service, and embodies every im-
provement for country lighting.

It is economical, can be lighted and regulated
from the outside, has no chimney, and is guaran-
teed not to blow out.

PRICE, $6.00

May be had from dealers, or we will deliver it
anywhere in the United States or Canada at the
above price. Sed for Catalogue No.9.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY
60 LAIGHT STREET
Established 1840. NEW YORK

almost anything in metal may be
had in Jarvie design. If the
Portfolio does not show what you
wish, The Shop will make it for
you.

| NASH ELECTRIC LIGHTING PLANTS i y Send for the Portfolio
FOR COUNTRY HOMES

THE ETA

i} Complete electric lighting and pumping plants installed. (Handwrought) THE JARVIE SHOP

| Copper or brass $230
B = 1 3.50 . caiae
NATIONAL METER CO. Bronze-verdzrene $350 ing Arts Building

with the old-fashioned Bay-
84-86 Chambers St., New York. berry Dip. CHICAGO
CHICAGO BOSTON

BETTER THAN GAS SAYS THIS NEW YORKER

“Thave used The Angle Lamp far beyond the time set for trial and find that one cannot be
too enthusiastic over it,” writes Mr. Granville Barnum, of ColdSprings, N. J. ‘‘ It certainly
gives the brightestand at the same time the softest illumination one could desire.”’

“We lived in New York City for some years and used all the latest and most approved ap-
pliances, devices, etc. in connection with gas or electricity and yet I must sincerely urge the
superiority of this simple yet wonderful method of illumination. One can hardly say too

=/ much in its praise.”
THE ANGLE LAMP

is entirely different from all other Jamps. It makes common kerosene the best, the cheapest §
and most satisfactory of all lighting methods. Safer and more reliable than gasvuline or
acetylene, yet as convenient to operate as gas or electricity.

The Angle Lamp is lighted and extinguished like gas. May be turned high or low with-
outodor. Nosmoke.no danger. Filled while lighted and without moving. Requires filli g
= but once or twice a week. It floods a rcom with its beautiful, soft, mellow light that has no
equal. Wyzte for our cacaiag ‘* 41’ and our proposition for a

z 830 DAYS FREE TRIAL

Write for our catalog “4r”’ listing 32 varieties of Tze Angle Lamp from $1.80 up, now—before you turn this leaf—for it gives you the benefit of
our ten years’ experience with @’/ lightinz methods

THE ANGLE MANUFACTURING CO,, 78-80 MURRAY STREET, NEW YORK.

\ , JE issue a pamphlet,
H 26, showing a
complete line of

Wood Pedestals

that can be used inside the
dwelling or porch to support
a lamp or jardiniere of flow-

Mu RANE)

iy

ers, or on the Jawn as a sup-
port for a sundial. We fur-
nish these with or without
the dials as desired.

| So) wartmann Bros. Mfg. Co.
: | Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

(

pe

N. Y. Office, 1123 Broadway

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

Be Sure of the Lens

when buying your camera. The lens is the most important part
of the outfit. Almost any kind of lens will make some kinds of
pictures and under some conditions, but it takes a Tessar Lens
to make first class pictures under all kinds of conditions, Dark
days, late or early hours, street scenes, landscapes, interiors,
portraits, athletes, copies of the finest engravings are alike to
TEssaR. How much more pleasure and profit can be had from a
camera fitted with a TEssAR Lens, how much less wasted material
and opportunities. Such standard cameras as Kodaks, Premos,
Centuries, Hawkeyes, Graflex are now sold with Tessar Lenses.
See that the dealer shows you a camera with a Tessar Lens.
Booklet ‘Aids to Artistic Aims’’ on request.

Bausch & Lomb Optical Co.
Rochester, N. Y.

WASHINGTON

NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO

Jasco Cones

Is blended with the nicest skill by ex-
perts whose judgment and long experi- f
ence enable them to please the most
exacting connoisseur,

Every detail that helps to an exquisite
table beverage—selection, roasting, blend-
ing—is carefully attended to in the prep- §
aration of JASCO COFFEE, and insures
uniformity of excellence inevery cup.

In air-tight serew-top tins that preserve the
aroma and keep the coffee perfectly fresh.

5 Ib. CAN, $1.60

IRONING MADE EASY

_ BY USING THE
SIMPLEX
= Ironing Machine
Saves three-quarters of your ironing time

Saves fuel, saves labor, saves worry. Easily
operated by anyone. No expensive connections re-

quired. Heated by gas or gasoline for about one Sample Pound, 32 Cents, (Prepaid)
cent per hour. Write for booklet. It’s free for Ground, pulverized or bean.
the asking Our broad guarantee—Your money back if not satisfactory.

4. J. SHELDON CO., Importers, 100 Front St., New York

W.A.FRENCH, 33 Times Building, Chicago

The Crowning Touch to a
Beautiful Garden

— INC EEINS: adds so much to the appearance and delights of a garden
r as a beautiful piece of marble garden furniture. The sun dial or
bench becomes the central feature of the ]andscape. It attracts more
attention and gives more pleasure than any other thing of equal cost
about the country estate or the suburban home.

ee Because they are conspicuous they should be good. Our marble
, garden pieces are cut in Italy by the most competent workmen. The
* } material is the finest quality of Carrara marble, selected at the quarries”
by our own buyer, who has made Italian marble a life-study. You
can pay higher prices but no finer marble can be bought. Let us
quote prices on the pieces illustrated herewith.

ANTIQUES

It is a well-known fact that there are practically no marble
antiques in the market. Such pieces are not to be had at any price,
except in rare instances. We can, however, produce the effects of age
when desired. ‘This subject has been given special study.

GARDEN FURNITURE, SUN DIALS, BENCHES,
FOUNTAINS, VASES, STATUARY, COLUMNS,
PERGOLAS, TABLES, WELLS, etc.,

in marble, stone and bronze.

LELAND & HALL CO.
WORKERS IN STONE
587 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

PIETRASANTA, ITALY
LONG ISLAND CITY

SUN DIAL ¢
—an exact Y
reproduction
ofthe famous

Garden Sentinel y

at Medtord Hall,
Suffolk, England.
Cut in Italy of the
finest Carrara
marble, The price
is reasonable.

(N. B.)—T he
English designs of
garden accessories
are usually more
appropriate than
Italian pieces in
American
gardens.

STUDIOS: | GRANITE WORKS: BARRE, VT.

AuUGUST, 1906

Plant Pot-grown Strawberries
in August

le YOU do not have a strawberry bed
in your garden and want one, August
is a good time to start it, provided you plant
pot-grown plants.

These pot-grown plants are runners which
were rooted in pots early in the season.

You could not use at this season plants
which had not been pot-grown because the
roots would be so badly damaged in trans-
planting that they could not furnish the plant
with the amount of water which it would de-

and moved in

Strawberry runners rooted in pots,
August may be fruited next spring

mand. That kind of plant, known as ‘‘layer
plants’? may be set out in September, but
they would not give you any fruit next spring
under ordinary cultivation while pot-grown
plants set out in August will bear next spring.

My bed was 10 x 20 ft., and I grew 100
plants. The soil was a heavy clay into which
I thoroughly worked a dressing several inches
in thickness, of coal ashes, and half a ton of
manure, before setting the plants. As soon
as the ground froze, I spread another half ton
of manure over the bed as a mulch.

The following spring, as soon as the first
leaves showed above the mulch, I pulled the
manure away from the crowns of the plants,
and worked it into the soil. That little, bed
bore more strawberries than my family of
three could eat fresh, so we were able to
can some besides giving away a lot.

New Jersey. AB.

The Californian’s Reminder

oo pansies and stocks, for winter bloom-
ing, in well pulverized soil. Sow seeds
of cineraria, pinks of all kinds, petunia,
primula, salvia and verbena. All seeds
sown must be carefully shaded and watered,
as this is one of our hottest months. Cine-
rarias and primulas need the best of care from
sowing until plants are an inch or two high.
August is our harvest month. This is
a good time to plant potatoes for a late crop.
It is in order to plant during August:
Beets, cabbage, cauliflower, celery, carrot,
lettuce, onion, parsnip, peas and turnip.
Sow cucumber and eggplant for winter crops.
Los Angeles. ERNEST BRAUNTON.

THE STATELY HOLLYHOCK

Is undoubtedly the “King of the Garden” among the hardy
perennials or old fashioned flowers and 1s a blaze of color and
glory throughout the summer right into the autumn days

Years of careful selection have brought this magnificent
plant to perfection, in size, color of flowers and hardi-
ness, and no matter how large or how small your garden,
it always has a place—to add dignity and stateliness to
the surrounding landscape.

Hollyhocks are finely adapted for planting against the
house, a wall or fence, to screen unsightly objects, or
as a background in the border for the lower growing
shrubs and perennials.

Now is the time to sow the seed of Hollyhocks and
all other hardy perennials or old fashioned fHowers for
bloom next year. With all orders we will send cultural
directions. We offer the following:

Aurora Collection of Double Hollyhocks

Boddington’s extra double scarlet, crimson, bright pink,
blood red, lilac, canary yellow, golden yellow, salmon,
snow white, rose, Allegheny single mixed. The collec-
tion of 11 varieties in separate packets, $1.00 or
each, 10c per packet.

FHlardy Perenntalor Old Fashioned Flowers

Such as Larkspur, Poppies, Sunflowers, Canterbury Bells, Fox-
gloves, Gaillardias, Anemones, Hardy Asters, Coreopsis, etc.

100 packets in 100 choice and popular varieties, $7.50

75 packets in 75 choice and popular varieties, . 6.00
50 cc “ce 50 ce “ce ce ce ; 4.50
25 “e ce 25 ce «e «e e 9 50

12 eas : ” LEAS)

(Many of these packets sell singly for 25 cents)

A list of nearly 300 varieties of Hardy Perennials or Old Fashioned Flowers, to grow from seed, mailed free.
We can also supply any seed, bulb, or plant mentioned in the Gardener’s Reminder of this number of
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. Autumn Bulb Catalogue now in course of preparation. Register your name with us fer a copy.

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON

SEEDSMAN (oak
342 West 14th Street : - - New York City }

“Branded

wath

the
Devil

THE PERFECTION OF

Cleanliness —Wholesomeness—Purity

IS FOUND IN

Underwood's Original Deviled Ham

AN HONEST BOSTON PRODUCT |

made from the Finest Quality of Sugar Cured Hams, of our own curing and Pure Spices—
NOTHING ELSE! Not an atom of coloring matter or preservative is used in this or any of
UNDERWOOD’S goods, which are just as represented by the labels.

The Spotless Kitchen of the Oldest Canning Company in America

and methods of packing endorsed by Good Housekeeping, The World’s Work, and every State Pure
Food Board that has examined Underwood’s World-Famous Products.

cay IF YOUR GROCER DOES NOT SELL IT, FOR HIS NAME AND

15 CENTS WE WILL SEND YOU A ¥% POUND CAN See

See July
Good World’s

Housekeeping Work

we W/m. Underwood Co., Boston, Mass. — »#«

_—_——
THE WORLD’s WORK PRESS, NEW YORK

s

SEPTEMBER ' . Opening ortie e Fall Season:

mg es 2 dg

ea

- 1906 ~S %* Bulbs and’ Roots for ‘Planting’Now — a Piazza Gons Eyl
Vol. IV. No. 2 Water-Lilies Or the Business Man~ © < How to Kee] » Cut Flowers

of all pianos in the world. @. BECAUSE of its artistic merit it superseded all

others years before any of the American pianos now manufactured were
established. @] BECAUSE it is the only American piano of its time now living, and
BECAUSE it stands to-day the recognized representative of the highest development
in artistic and scientific piano-building. @[Its position was not gained and is not
maintained by purchased influence.

CHICKERING & SONS, 827 Tremont St., Fenway Station, BOSTON
Established 1823 Catalogue upon request

Poet: the artistic standpoint, the Chickering Fiano occupies the proudest position

i
| SEPTEMBER, 1906

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

TIFFANY & CoO.

Fifth Avenue and 37th Street, New York

Diamond Department

Tiffany & Co. are, and for fifty years have been, the largest dealers in
diamonds and precious stones in the United States, and their trade
exceeds that of any other House in the world. Their facilities for
securing the choicest gems from first hands enable them to maintain a
most extensive stock. Their work-shops are under the immediate
management of the firm, and every piece of jewelry must pass critical
examination for assurance that it is worthy the stamp of the house

Diamond Engagement Rings

Cuts of Diamond Rings, showing sizes of stones and styles of
mountings, with prices, sent upon request

Solitaires 2 S $25, $50, $75, $95, upward

Solitaire Diamond or other precious stone with three
small diamonds embedded in shank on each side,
upward from $75

-~ =~ ~ -~ - -~ ~

Two-stone rings, consisting of two diamonds, or
diamond with other precious stone, - upward from $50

Three-stone rings, —three diamonds, or two diamonds
with ruby, sapphire or other precious stones, upward from $60

Five-stone half-hoop rings,—diamonds, or diamonds
alternating with other precious stones, upward from $50

Diamond Duchess rings, = - as we $90
Diamond Princess rings, - a “ $100
Diamond Banquet rings, - = a © SLO

Tiffany & Co. make a special feature of reconstructing old family jewels
into modern settings

Fifth Avenue New York

Tiffany & Co. are strictly retailers

Comparisons
Invited

Purchasers will be
better able to judge
values, by compar-
ing the purity,
quality and prices
of Tiffany & Co’s

diamonds

Diamond Rings
on Approval

Upon receipt of
satisfactory __refer-
ence from any
National Bank or
responsible business
house, Tiffany & Co.
will send on ap-
proval selections
from their stock to

any part of the
United States

Out - of - Town
Service

All Mail Orders are
handled by trained
men, whose expe-
rience and knowl-
edge of what is
most in favor at
the moment, assure
careful selection or
intelligent advice for
those desiring assist-
ance

Tiffany & Co.
1906 Blue Book
Second Edition

A compact, 530-
page catalogue,
without pic-
tures or cuts,
but replete with
descriptions, prices
and helpful sugges-
tions of artistic
merchandise — suit-
able for wedding
presents, sent free
upon request

52 AE

This man uses his frames for violets and has them straight through from
October till April. Mats and shutters are, of course, required for
protection in the coldest weather —these we can furnish

A four-sash frame is a good number to start with, and gives you a chance
to run two-sash as a cold frame and two as a hot bed by
simply putting in an inexpensive partition

GARDEN

MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1906

How to Carry Your Garden
Right Through to Christmas

O IT with cold frames, or, if you like, grow things in them

all winter through. Set them right up now in a southerly

exposure, with protection at the north. Plant direct from seed

with lettuce, Swiss chard greens, radishes, pepper grass, and

transplant two or three bunches of parsley —leave a space for
some violets and a few pansies.

Take lettuce for an example: Let’s figure out what can be

done with planting a two-sash frame 6 x 6 feet, with eight rows
each way—64 plants in all, yielding sufficient for a small family
for a month at the rate of two heads a day—two big, solid,
crispy heads.

Here’s how it figures out: 64 heads at 4oc. per
lb. or 10c. a head would cost you $6.40 if bought of the grocer
—nearly as much as the cost of the two sashes.

A four-sash frame is the most satisfactory number to start
with. We ship it knocked down, but it’s an easy matter to erect,
as the bolting up of the angle irons at the corners does the
whole thing. The sash are carefully crated and will reach you
unbroken.

If you want to know just what there is in this cold frame question,
then send fr our booklet, ‘‘ Two P’s,”’ on the pleasure and profit of
cold frames—it tells it in a chatty, easy to understand way—has a

planting tab'e suggesting things to plant, time they tike 10 grow,
etc. You’:] find it good, interesting reading. It’s sent free.
Greenhouse Designers

Lord & Burnham Co. and Manufacturers

1133 Broadway, corner 26th Street, New York
BOSTON BRANCH, 819 Tremont Building

A COMPLETE MANUAL FOR THE BEGINNER

How to Reep Bees vc seit conia

Contents :

Why Keep Bees?

How to Bcgin Bee-Keeping
The Location and the Ar-
rangement of the Apiary
The Inhal itants of the Hive

‘ke lidust ies of the Hive

‘Lhe Swarming of Bees

Hew to Keep from Keeping
too many Bees

The Hive and How
Handle it

How to Make Comb-Honey

Hew to Produce Extracted
Honey

How to Make Beeswax

Feeding Bees

How to Winter Bees

Rearing and Introducing
Queens

Robbing

The Eremies and Diseases
of Bees

The Anatomy of Bees

Honey Plants

Bee-Keepers and Keeping

Bee-Hunting

Bibliography

Index

to

This is acharmingly written
manual, the tirst purpose of
which is to show the un-
initiated what they are miss-
ing by not joining the ranks
of Bee-keepers. The outtit,
first steps, and methods are
given clearly and in detail;
and the author’s weli known
literary ability has combined
with her enthusiasm for the subject to produce a very unusual volume.

Many photographic illustrations, net, $1.00. ,( Postage 0 cents)

‘THE WORLD'S WORK
FARMING

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

To Those
Who Love

Nature

we recommend these

books bya selene Viens

two fascinating

“<The Making of a Country Home’’
““A Journey to Nature’’

They have the actual tang and zest of
the Each _ beautifully
decorated, net, $1.50. (Postage 15 cents).

3

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

country _ itself.

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

THE WORLD'S WORK
FARMING

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

SEPTEMBER, 1906

Jasco Coffee

Is blended with the nicest skill by ex-
perts whose judgment and long experi-
ence enable them to please the most
exacting connoisscur.

Every detail that helps to an exquisite
table beverage— selection, roasting, blend-
J ing—is carefully attended to in the prep-

aration of JASCO COFFEE, and insures
uniformity of excellence in every cup.

In air-tight secrew-top tins that preserve the
froma and keep the coffee perfectly fresh.

5b. CAN, $1.60
Sample Pound, 32 Cents, (Prepaid)

Ground, pulverized or bean.
Our broad guarantee—Your money back if not satisfactory.
A.J. SHELDON CO., Importers, 100 Front St., New York

IRONING MADE EASY

BY USING THE

SIMPLEX

“Ironing Machine
Saves Pireecqiarters of your ironing time

saves worry. Easily
No expensive connections re-

Saves fuel, saves labor,
operated by anyone.
Heated by gas or gasoline for about one

Write for booklet. It’s free for

quired.
cent per hour.
the asking.

A. FRENCH, 33 Times Building, Chicago

SUN-DIALS

with or without PEDESTALS

end for Illustrated Price List H
Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co.

New York Office, {123 Broadway Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

BONORA

The greatest fertilizer discovery of recent years. It will mature
your Jate vegetables quickly, it will make your sickly plants strong
and luxuriant, and it will make pote sun-baked lawn green an
velvety. ‘Try an application of BONORA in your garden. Put
up in dry formas follows:

lb. making 20 gallons (postpaid) So. 6 ob lisa
S. 140 2 50
on one, two and five gallon kegs, per callout -
Send for pamphlet, endorsements and reports of eeaerinent

stations.
BONORA CHEMICAL CO., 584 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY

Growers of the ‘“‘Best Roses in America’’
Box P, West Grove, Pennsylvania

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will spare you much worry and expense.
By it you will not only learn to build
with discretion, but you will get at least a
hundred ideas for furnishing. /¢72s practically

helpful. By Price and Johnson.

Illustrated, net, $1.00 (Postage, Io cents)

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54 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

PEONIES THAT ARE SURE TO BLOOM

Eee PEONY is America’s coming garden
flower. Why? Because It is easier to grow

than the rose, it is perfectly hardy, withstanding
the severest winter; its blooms are large, showy and
of various forms, and in any shade from white to
purple, almost all of its varieties are fragrant, it is
practically free from disease and insects, requiring
no spraying or dusting, and is equally adapted as a
cut flower and for artistic landscape effects. Sep-
tember is the one month in the year in which
peonies can be planted with a certainty of success.

Our plants are of extra fine quality with six to
eight strong eyes and if planted before October Ist
will give an abundance of bloom next year.

Each Doz. Each Doz.

Agida. Dark red, fine full flower - - fo 25 $2 75 Mary Wemoine. Very large, ivory white
Alba Plena. Pure w hite, fine strong plant, bloom shaded pink and chamois; strong stems
good for cut flowers - - 25 275 of medium height; late bloomer; excellent
Canary. White, tinted primrose, very thane variety ;scarce - - - - - - = I50 15 00
some, large, full flower = 75 8 00 Mime. Calot. Ess white, tinted with flesh
Charles Leveque. Delicate rose, large ‘erect color - eye =) es 2 75
flower, very pretty when partly open; one oO the President Roosevelt. Light soft rose, long 7 i
finest rose-colored varieties - = EULTAS Of IIs HOO strong stems; very large solid bud. A most
Cytheria. Creamy white, Rintederosery an excep: robust plant; pcan green foliage, very) free
tionally fine cut flower variety, very strong stem from rust = 2/50 25/00
and a good grower = 50 5 00 Pulcherriana. Rose violet, center! rose and
Duke of ‘Wellington. White, ‘yellowish salmon ; a good variety for collection - 25 2 75
center, perfect flower ; very fragrant - 75 800 Queen Victoria. Large, full, compact bloom,
Festiva Maxima. ‘arly, very large and full, with fine broad guard petals ; opens flesh white,
shell-shaped flower, often 6 to 8 inches in center petals tipped with red blotches. One of
diameter, stems 3 to 34 feet: color snow white, the best cut flower varieties, as it is an excep-
shading to delicate creamy white at base of tional shipper and keeper 35 3 50
petals, with an occasional clear purple. spot on Reevesii Plena. Rosy Aeshie red blotch on ay roa
edges ofcenter petals ; very fragrant. The finest center petals - - AG, 275
early white - 75 8 00 Richardson’s R ubra Superba. Brilliant E
Fragrans,. Red, zood bloomer, long Stems! a deep crimson; the latest of all Peonies to
very good variety = - - 35 3 50 bloom ; very fragrant ; the best keeper - = 50 5 00
Hamlet. Red, good flower a = 25 2°75 i
Humei Carnea. Clear, cherry. pink ; strong t z Each Doz. 100
grower; large, very full, highly cinnamon- Pink Shades Mixed - - = fo 20 $200 $15 00
scented flower: very late; graceful habit. AN Red oe se = z = 15 I 50 1200
excellent variety for cut flowers - 50 5 00 a ‘“ a 5 z ;
Lady Leonora Bramwell. Compact, yieor White Sale ei ea 25 259 HED
ous habit ; color delicate silvery pink, shaded Trial Grounds Mixture. This
lilac and chamois; three nankeen petals tipped mixture is splendid where a first-class
with crimson at the center; good keeper and lot of varieties are Swievnised! for borders
shipper - - = a c = o 3 75 7 50 ormuassing - - - 2 - 15 I 50 I2 00

If shipment is desired by mail add 10 cents each to cover Sone otherwise, shipment will be made
by express, purchaser paying charges. Send for Fall catalogue of bulbs, seeds and nursery stock.

STUMPP & WALTER CO. - 50 Barclay St. - NEW YORK CITY

Not the Most Complete in America, BUT GOOD STOCK, well-packed,
prompt service and fair prices make the enthusiasm of our customers
contagious, and therefore our most effective advertisement.

Our Cate leeae ‘Bulbs and Hardy “Perennials, including a very

ives
Sizes and Prices select List of Peonies, iebiow anguinis
Best Varieties of in good sized clumps. Shrubs and Trees for Immediate Effect.

Fruits and 4 the Best in the World. We were awarded the
Ornamentals Trish ‘Roses, Gold Medal ee Ge Louis ee positign!
ROSEDALE NURSERIES,

LANDSCAPE DEPT., 63 HAMILTON PLACE
S. G. HARRIS, M. 5., TARRYTOWN, NEW YORK

IS YOUR BEAUTIFUL LAWN DIS-
FIGURED BY UGLY LEANING
CLOTHES POSTS that are a constant eye
sore? Get

HILL’S FAMOUS
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It always looks neat and tidy. Holds 100 to 150
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two million people use them. Also Balcony
and Roof Dryers.

If not found at hardware store, write

Write oy ‘HILL DRYER co. 359 Park Avenue, Worcester, Mass.

Catalog 59

SEPTEMBER, 1906

More Garden Problems That
Need Solving

[Note. In the November number, page 180, the Jan-
uary number, page 282, and the May number, page 236,
we mentioned fifty-two problems which would make de-
lightful studies for amateurs. Here are some more.

In this department we offer $5 or more for the best narra-
tive of problems worked out. We cannot award these

| prizes for suggestions of things to be done by someone else;

each idea must have been worked out by the writer. Crowd
all the facts and figures into 300 or 400 words if possible.
Photographs must accompany the manuscript.]

53- What labor-saving devices have ycu
invented ?

54. How did you work up a big stock of
your favorite plant ?

55. What is the best kind of garden ncte
book or diary ?

56. Can you furnish all the important
dates necessary for your garden werk?

57. Can a vegetable garden yield at the
rate of four cents a square foot? (See Jan-
uary, 1906, page 268.)

58. What is the most satisfactory kind
of garden walk and edging ?

59. Who has a blue border?

60. Who has saved a tree for his com-
munity that was threatened with destruction ?

61. What plants are ruined by salt spray

_and which ones can stand it?

62. Who has successfully grown any
Colorado or Rocky Mountain flowers outside
of that region ?

3. Who has raised California bulbs east
of California ?

64. Who has had success with hardy
plants from Oregon, Washington, Arizona,
New Mexico ?

65. Who has grown seakale in America ?

66. Who can always control the blue hy-
drangea ?

67. Who will plant too white lilies by his
grape arbor in order to secure the magni-
ficent and permanent effect pictured in
William Robinson’s English Flower Garden ?

68. Who has raised orchids successfully
in a living-room ?

69. Who will grow all the varieties of
popcorn and report on them for us? (Three
are not many.)

70. Who knows how to raise better sweet
potatoes in the North than you can buy ?

71. Who knows which perennials should
be divided every year?

72. What laborer will send an account of
his cottage garden ?

73. Several species of the flax are cata-
logued by seedsmen. Is there enough differ-
ence between them to make it an object to
grow them all ?

74. Who has grown musk from seed ?

——

EPTEMBER, 1906 EGA RD REN SMpAIGSAYZ NS 55
= a aa REIS ELT BS
SEPTEMBER, 1906
CovER DErsIGN—Pink Day-blooming Water-lilies (Wymphaa Marliacea, var. rosea). = a E a : : = z fe N. R. Graves
PAGE PAGE
THE GARDENER’S REMINDER - - - . - Sy) EAsIty MApDE PICKLES - . - = JE IL, Jeniichiop GAS
ALL THE BEECHES WorTH GROWING - Louis Harman Pect 58 CANNING AND CooKING TOMATOES r - E. M. Barron 7
Photographs by H. E. Angell, the author, and others
GROWING WINTER SALADS IN A “Pir” Frank H. Presby 61 Pant PEONIES IN ‘SEPTEMBER - i - Phineas Nolte 80
QuaLity TOMATOES FOR THE HomME GARDEN = s ft THe CALIFORNIAN’S REMINDER - - - Lrnest Draunton 80
IE. Gi! JE, All oom (62 Four INsecr Pests THat Are Easiry KirteEp Now - =
Photograpks by H. E. Angell and others E. D. Sanderson Bo

WINTER FLOWERS IN A PIAzzA CONSERVATORY - ~ :

WE RS nae On How to KEEP Cur FLOWERS~ - - - - - - 84

Photograph by E. L. Wi-lcox
Photographs by H. E. Angell

Maxine More snp Betrer Fruir Trees - S. W. Fletcher 67 Key To0 THE ORNAMENTAL BEECHES - ; : F gee)
Pbotcerebsibytieauthon PERSONAL EXPERIENCES - - - - - - =. (ets)

WATER-LILIES FOR THE BusINEss Man - Henry S. Conard 7 : t =
: g ; go A DELIGHTFUL WINTER BEVERAGE - 2 ge I. SLOSON 88

Thotographs by A. A. Coult and others
PeORARE HARTY Liry Growinc TEN Feet Hich £.V. JV. 72 A Quick WAY To Cook SPINACZ - - Josephine Clark 90
Photest are ote : GARDEN PUBLICATIONS - = = : 2 ° = OS
A GARDEN OF PINK FLOWERS = = = Elelon RiAlbce 74 A
Photographs by Vermont Experiment Station, N. R. Graves, and others ANSWERS TO Ot ERTIES x if ¥ =f ¥ % re g2
WILHELM MILLER, Epitor.—Corrricut, 1906, ry DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
Entered as second-class matter January 12, 1995, at the post-office at New York, N. Y.. under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879.

a EEE
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THE GAR DEN MAGA Z Nee SEPTEMBER, 1906

Rosa Spinosissima

IE have at last succeeded
| in getting a stock of
this rare and exquisitely
lovely hardy single white Rose.

With the exception of the mar-

velous Cherokee Rose of the

South, it is the most beautiful

single Rose in the world. The

plant is compact and bushy,

erowing four to five feet high,

and in June it is covered with

large yellowish-white flowers of

indescribable beauty. Itshould

pe be planted in groups, and like

thie Rosa Rugosa, it can be used in the shrubbery. Coming

from Siberia, it 1s absolutely hardy. Limited stock.
2-year-old plants, $1.25 each, $12.00 per dozen

PRICES OF AQUILEGIAS Rendon Glandulosa. Splendid dwarf vanety, with lovely vine and _— Per doz. 100
AQUILEGIA czrulea(Rocky Mountain Columbine). The white flowers _- 10 00
Sen beautiful of all ese ee, one of the most charm- Vulgaris. Old- fashioned double Columbine j = : 8 co
ing hardy flowers in cultivation - $1 75 $12 oo Assorted Varieties, our selection — - e 8 00
Chrysantha. Beautiful Bolden yellow dower bison for SPECIAL OFFER OF HOLLYHOCKS
two months - 50 8 00 Best large-flowered, Single, all colors mixed -
Canadensis (native). Red and yellow - - - ae le SSOl sKONOO Best large-flowered, Double, mixed colors
Skinneri. Scarlet, handsome and distinct 1550s LONOO New Allegheny. Immense semi- gouel flowers, en
Stuarti. Large, erect, blue flowers, pure white Grol Splendid I 50 g 00 fringed edges; very beautiful - - fo 15 1 IO 00
Best large-flowered, Double (Chater S) in separate colors. 1 10 0O

We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, in-
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“A Plea for Hardy Plants,” by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrangement.
We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars on request.

ELLIOTT NURSERY CO. - 313 Sixth Ave. - PITTSBURG, PA.

The Garden Magazine

VoL. IV.—No. 2

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

A Month for Forethought and
Action.

| Bice frost may be expected about the

middle of September and after that a
period of glorious mild weather, lasting some-
times for several weeks—the “Indian sum-
mer.”’ It’s worth while to make some effort
to preserve the best early and tender plants
from this advance guard of winter. The
floral wreath of a garden that has been saved
from the first sharp touch of cold seems
especially gratifying. Study your note book,
and the weather records of the region, to
ascertain the probable date of this first frost.

Expect frost when with a comparatively
low temperature late in the afternoon, the
sky is clear toward the evening of a still
September day, and the air has a fresh, crisp
feeling.

It is a simple matter to give plants slight
protection: cover with cheese-cloth, branches
of trees, or old newspapers.

In small enclosed or sheltered gardens,
placing several shallow pans of water about
the garden, or making a smudge fire, will
ward off frost.

BUY BULBS IN SEPTEMBER

This is a month of many possibilities that
most people neglect at the time. Do you
want something a little out of the way, but
still quite easy to grow? Buy Star of Beth-
lehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum), for nat-
uralizing in the meadow or wild garden. It
flowers in June.

Other hardy bulbs for present planting
include all the Dutch bulbs —tulips, hya-
cinths, crocuses, scillas, etc. Dog’s-tooth-
violet, lily-of-the-valley, and crown imperial
should be planted this month; also lycoris
is best planted now, because it starts to grow
so early in the spring.

The easiest way of growing flowers for
Christmas is by planting some of the ‘“‘cape”’
bulbs before the end of September. Place
your order at once, and the dealer will ship
the bulbs as soon as the supplies reach him.
The rule of “first come, first served”’ is

SEPTEMBER, 1906

{ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
TEN CENTS A COPY

rigidly followed by the seed and bulb
trade.

The bulbs needing ‘‘cape”’ treatment in-
clude Freesia, ixia, oxalis, sparaxis, Brodiza,
ranunculus, anemone, Ornithogalum Arabt-
cum, Lachenalia, camassia.

Remember the rules:

I. Dutch bulbs must be buried in the
ground, or kept in a dark place, to induce a
strong root growth, before they make any
top growth. The best way is to bury them
outdoors until about Christmas, covered with
ashes or’soil about a foot deep, and a layer of
litter over that, to keep out frost. At Christ-
mas, or later, bring the boxes into heat.

II. Cape bulbs must not be buried. Start
them in a cool but light place. A deep cold-
frame, or pit, from which the frost is kept out,
is the proper place for them. Plant as soon
as received, in flats or shallow pans, and
leave outdoors until the middle of the month,
when they must be put under cover away
from frost—do this earlier if they show
growth above the soil.

SOW THESE SEEDS

In coldframes: Cabbage and cauliflower
for spring planting; spinach for Christmas
dinner; lettuce and radishes for use in Octo-
ber and November.

In drills in the open: Chicory, chervil,
endive, radish, lettuce (before the roth).
Corn salad sown now will give a welcome
fresh green salad before the snow clears
off in spring. Spinach can be sown in the
open for earliest crop next spring.

By far the best sweet peas are raised from
seeds sown in late September. Sow opium
poppies outside for flowers in June.

HAVE YOU AN IDLE SHED?

An old outbuilding, shed, or disused stable
or horse stall can be turned to good account
as a mushroom house. Begin collecting the
heating material (fresh, clean horse manure)
during August and September. Mushrooms
can be ready at Christmas from beds spawned
by October 15th. As the droppings are
collected, spread out thinly under cover, to
dry, turning the whole mass when additions
are made. If the season is damp, add about
one-fourth its bulk of cleangardenloam. It
must not be allowed to burn, but the rank
heat must be dissipated before the beds are
made up in October.

A bed measuring 6x6 ft. will supply
mushrooms fora family of six. Use good
fresh spawn.

STOCK THE GREENHOUSE

By the middle of the month get cuttings
of bedding plants into the propagating
benches. Take only the short, top growth of

coleus, geranium, heliotrope, lantana, so as
not to injure the appearance of the beds.
These cuttings will root at once, and stock
may be further increased according to needs
during the winter.

Buy Indian, Ghent and mollis azaleas for
forcing for Christmas and Easter bloom.

Sow seeds of cineraria, calceolaria, and
cyclamen.

Look over the heating pipes, boiler, valves
and all fittings, to see that everything is in
working order before it is really needed.
Replace all broken glass in greenhouse or
coldframes.

KEEP THE BORDERS TIDY

Keep up your interest in the work of the
garden. Never relax attention to the hardy
border; cut off all flower seeds; don’t let
seed form unless you want it. Cut out all
weeds, but do not cultivate the soil, for the
plants are preparing for their winter’s rest.
Begin mulching lightly about the 25th of the
month, not before. Make new borders, and
rearrange old ones. September is the ideal
month for planting out herbaceous stock.
The American Peony Society advises that
peonies be moved now, in preference to any
other time of year.

Divide perennial phlox, golden glow,
peonies, and other hardy herbaceous plants
that have done flowering.

Keep the border clear of all rubbish that
might harbor insects.

Dahlias, cannas, elephant ears and gladi-
olus can be lifted after the frost has cut their
tops, but they may just as well be left till
next month, except in the North. Lift care-
fully with a fork, and spread out in an airy
place to dry off. Then shake off the soil,
and store all (except dahlia roots) in bags or
baskets in a dry, cool cellar or closet free
from frost. Dahlias are best stored in sand,
in coal ashes, or earth, in a place where they
do not freeze, and have sufficient moisture to
keep them from shriveling.

Plant out currants and gooseberries. No
home garden is too small for these, and they
yield better in proportion to their space than
any other fruits. Make cuttings of any
specially prolific plant. Now is the time for
making grape cuttings, too.

Prune the raspberry and blackberry bushes
early in the month. Remove all the old
wood—that which bore fruit this year.

Trees and bush fruits may be planted if
the ground has been well prepared, but if
land is poorly drained, do not plant in the
fall. Itis better to plant currants and goose-
berries now than in the spring.

Begin now to drain, plow, and prepare any
ground where a lawn is to be made in the
spring or for seeding in winter.

The cut-leaved form of the European beech is a very decorative tree. The feath-
ery, finely cut foliage gives a remarkable effect of lightness

Typical specimens of the European beech grown in the open; low branching and
round head. Though a large tree, it is nota heavy mass

All the Beeches Worth Growing—By Louis Harman Peet 3%

AN ATTEMPT TO ANALYZE THE SPECIAL HORTICULTURAL MERITS OF THE ONE AMERICAN TREE AND
THE FOURTEEN FORMS OF THE EUROPEAN SPECIES—THE DISTINCTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS OF THE

DIFFERENT COPPER AND CRIMSON FOLIAGED FORMS,

S ORNAMENTAL trees the beeches
attract attention primarily on account
of |their dignity of form and _ peculiarly
“clean”. appearance; they give ample and
spreading shade; the leaves are remarkably
free from the insect pests, and they can,
generally, be readily transplanted. ‘They
thrive best in a rich, deep, sandy loam, but
will grow well in any ordinary soil. The
trees attain a height of 80 to 100 feet. In the
different seasons the beech presents totally
different pictures: In summer it is a broad
dome of grateful shade; in winter a glory of
dazzling light gray; in spring it floats out its
soft velvety gold-green leaves; and in autumn
it is a rich and mellow mingling of subdued
yellow-browns and grays.

There are two distinctly different forms of
growth in the beech. In the forest it lifts
itself in tall and somewhat ‘‘Y” shaped
branches, developing a narrow and close
head; but out in the open, where it can freely

WITH
Article No. X in the “Little Monographs” series

stretch its limbs, it spreads out broadly, send-
ing the lower branches in a horizontal direc-
tion, and developing a massive, round-
headed, more or less open tree of faultless
symmetry.

In winter, when the majority of trees are
bare, the beeches, like the oaks, often hold
some of the leaves, curling them in rich, light
brown bunches that make lovely bits of color
in the winter landscape.

The leaves of all the beeches are set al-
ternately along the branches, in level, flat
sprays, and are noticeably straight veined.
They are the thinnest, I think, of all forest
tree leaves, and possess a rare translucent
quality which is the glory of the tree in spring.
As the season advances they become a little
thicker, considerably so in the case of the
European type, thus affording deeper shade,
which is a strong point in favor of the foreign
species.

The flowers are produced in spring, with

58

SUGGESTIONS

FOR THEIR PLANTING

the foliage. The sterile, or pollen-bearing,
flowers are in the axils of the lower leaves.
The fertile, or fruit-bearing, flowers occur in
the axils of the uppermost leaves. The
fruit is a burr, bristling with abundant
prickles, and when ripe, splits to the base in
four valves, setting free the two sweet, tri-
angular, shiny brown nuts, each about a half-
inch long. ‘The flavor of the nut is delicious.
The husk often remains clinging on the tree
all through the winter. ‘There is one, and
only one, ground for objection to planting a
beech, and that is its tendency to develop
suckers.

The beeches are easily separated from all
other trees when out of leaf, by reason of
their characteristic buds. These are about
an inch long, slender and spindle shaped,
of a chestnut brown color, polished.

All the cultivated beeches are of two
species, the American (Fagus ferruginea),
and the European (f. sylvatica); as purely

1906

SEPTEMBER,

Foliage of the common cut-leaved beech. Fagus syi-
vatica, var. incisa. One of the best forms

The very finely cut leaves of the fern-leaved beech
(F. sylvatica, var. heterophylla)

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

ornamental trees the many forms of the latter
species far outnumber those of the native.

DISTINCTIONS IN BARK AND LEAL

The two species are most easily distin-
guished by the differences of the bark. In
the American beech it is a beautiful, pale
blue-gray on the trunk and lower branches,
but on the upper parts of the tree it is a
granite gray, that flashes out almost white
against the blue of a winter sky. There is
none of this brightness in the dull dark
Quincy granite gray of the European species.
The smooth surface of the bark, which
carries the sunlight in drifts of silvery sheen,
lends one of the special charms of the beech.
No other tree gives such rich, splashing
effects of sunshine and shade. The smaller
branches of the American beech are rich,
dark brown, and glitter in the sunshine.
The shoots of the season are glossy olive
green.

In the American species, the teeth which
terminate the parallel ribs of the leaf are
regularly and symmetrically set. ‘The leaf
of the European beech is practically without
teeth.

The European beech grows in a denser
mass and, therefore, makes a more compact
head. Its form is more symmetrically dome-
shaped. Asa general thing, both in the open
and in the forest, the European beech
branches much lower down than our own
tree. In the open it is often so very low—
about three feet, or even less, from the ground

Leaves of the European beech. Margins without teeth,
and having five to nine pairs of veins

Foliage of the American beech (F, fcrrucinea). Teeth
prominent and nine to fourteen pairs of veins

There are two forms of weeping beech, one green, one

about the formal parts of the grounds, or on the lawn

purple. Should be planted

In the winter the American beech adds brightness to the woods, on account of the
silvery gray sheen of the bark in sunshine

MAGAZINE

The European beech makes an excellent hedge. This one in the Harvard Botanic Garden is forty years old,

and is now twelve feet high.

—that it gives the tree a short, thickset, even
clumsy trunk, but at the same time adds
greatly to the impressiveness of the tree. ‘The
leaves are shorter and more nearly oval than
those of the native tree, and have very ob-
scure teeth. This gives the leaf of the
European beech a wavy, scalloped-edged,
almost entire margin. When the new
leaves open, this margin is most beautifully
fringed with delicate silvery hairs which
remain conspicuous until growth is well ad-
vanced.

The American beech leaf has from nine to
fourteen pairs of parallel veins, whereas the
European’s leaf has only from five to nine.
The European’s leaf is also much darker,
and_as the season advances, becomes thicker
and of a rather leathery texture. There is,
too, a degree of gloss, a richness of luster in
the foliage that the native lacks.

THE PURPLE AND COPPER BEECHES

Nearly all the ornamental varieties of
beech are derived from the European beech,
as can be easily recognized in the untoothed
leaves of many of these varieties. The copper
and purple beeches are the most popular.

It has never suffered from insect or rust.

Prune in late winter or early spring

Like the type, they are low branching, short
trunked, with a broad, round head.

The true copper beech (Fagus sylvatica,
var. cuprea) has leaves of the most delicate
shade of bronze-gold, gradually deepening
to rich copper tones, as the season advances.

Unquestionably the best variety of the
purple beeches is the Rivers’ crimson, pur-
purea Riversi. This is often called the
Rivers’? copper beech but it would be far
more descriptive to call it by the name I use.
Its foliage in the spring is a bright crimson,
changing later in the season to a dark purple,
and in some fine specimens the color is al-
most black. The color is held throughout
the entire season.

The common purple beech, atro-purpurea,
clothes its branches with leaves of a rich,
deep, dark crimson-purple. Walk around
the tree, and get the effect of the sun shining
through its rich, dark crimson. ‘The leaves
fairly flame with the deep wine-red tones, and
as the breeze sways the masses, ever-shifting
lights and shadows come and go through
their depths, now brightening with sudden
flames now as quickly changing to dark,
passionate tones.

One look at this shoot of the cut-leaf beech explains why the entire tree is so handsome

SEPTEMBER, 1906

There is a beautiful close relative of this
tree in the rose-margined purple beech, roseo-
mlarginata. ‘This has leaves of rich purple,
with their margins softly flushed with a
delicate rose color which gives a beautiful
variegated effect.

To secure the fullest richness of effects
these trees must be planted with careful re-
gard to the surrounding and supporting
masses of color. If possible plant a copper
or purple beech where it will foil the white
bloom of some early-flowering tree, such as
dogwood, or black haw, or hawthorn.

ONE GOLDEN-LEAVED BEECH

The variety Zlatia has bright golden-
colored leaves, and makes a fine foil for the
purple beech, if you like striking color effects
in foliage. This is permissible near the
house, or in the more formal portion of the
garden, but hardly for broad landscape work.

THE CUT-LEAVED TREES

The European beech also has some
beautiful varieties with leaves that have their
margins more or less deeply cut. The one
most commonly known and _ extensively
planted in gardens is the cut-leaved beech,
laciniata, or incisa. The leaves are very
deeply cut, reminding one of some of the
smaller-leaved oaks. When grown to its
full development this tree is remarkably
decorative, the light, feathery foliage giving
the whole tree a delightful grace and charm.
The individual boughs admit of brilliant and
sparkling effects of sunshine, on account of
the finely cut foliage, very different from the
solid masses made by the leaves of the parent
tree.

Even more deeply cut is the foliage of the
fern-leaved beech, heterophylla. Here the
divisions run clear to the midrib, and amply
justify the popular name. The young
branches are almost tendril-like in their
growth, and curve gracefully in the air.

The oak-leaved beech, quercoides, is recog-
nized by the deeply toothed, wavy mar-
gined, somewhat narrow leaf. The tree is
of dwarf habit. A curious sub-variety
called quercoides cristata has foliage that
curls inwardly in crowded small tufts, giving
an effect of so many small tassells along the

-branches.

THE BEAUTIFUL WEEPING BEECH

This is perhaps the most satisfactory of all
weeping trees. Planted on a lawn, with
plenty of room to spread, it never fails to look
“happy” although, of course, odd.

Its drapery of green falls in rich, dark
masses, like some cascade. I think the most
effective grouping is to arrange three of these
trees close together.

LEAVES FOUR INCHES ACROSS

The largest leaved of all the varieties of the
European beech is macrophylla, spoken of
as the broad-leaved beech. Its leaves are
almost as large as our basswood. They are
silky, and of a rich, glossy green.

On page 86 there is a horticultural key to
these beeches, by which any variety may be
readily determined.

such like.

and six feet wide.

wall of the house.

to fit the sashes.

sashes.

for ventilation.

A sort of lean-to built of hotbed sash, the terrace wall making one side.

The house is 66 ft. long, 6 ft. wide with a solid bed.

It grew lettuce from October till April, also

cucumbers with sweet peas, wallflowers, and other flowers for planting out

Growing Winter Salads in a “Pit”—By Frank H. Presby

New
Jersey

AN AMATEUR’S INGENIOUS SCHEME FOR UTILIZING THE WALLS OF A TERRACED GARDEN AND PROVIDING THE

EASIEST MEANS OF DOING GARDEN

AST fall I felt that in order to be per-
fectly happy in my garden I must find

a place for some more coldframes, as I had

only six, in which I grew pansies, daisies, and
My garden is divided into ter-
races, and I found the right place in the sec-
tion used as the vegetable garden. After

further consideration of the factors I decided

that it would be better to build a cold house,
or pit, instead of adding more frames.

The house is a lean-to sixty-six feet long,
The terrace wall, which
is six feet high, was used as the back, or high
The upper ends of the
sashes rested on the top of the wall, which
was built up two inches with cement grooved
The lower ends of the
sashes rested in a groove made of cement on
a brick wall, which was two feet high. To
cover this house I used twenty-two 3 x 6 ft.
Six of the sashes were cut and
hinged, so they could be opened as needed
The north end of the house
was built up solid with brick, while a door

was made in the south end. The walls are

made of brick, washed down with cement.

WHAT IT COST

While I do not remember what the whole
cost of the house was, I do know that all of
the material used (excepting the sashes) was
worth about sixty dollars. The bricks used
were of the cheapest kind and the cement of

the Rosedale brand. A mason and laborer

WORK IN
Photographs by Harriet C. Presby

did all the work in a few days after the foun-
dation trench had been dug by my man. This
house has no fire heat, but derives its warmth
from the sun. During the cold weather the
sashes are covered at night with straw mats.

As it was thought best to have a solid bed,
a brick wall two feet high was built two feet
from the back wall, which left a space for a
walk, and gave a bed sixty-six feet long and
four feet wide.

WHAT IT GREW

Last October the house was planted with
200 lettuce plants of the Mignonette and Big
Boston varieties. All of these had been used
by February, when it was again set with
plants of Big Boston, which had been started
in a box in the house about January rst. As
the ground was very rich, and plenty of
water was used, the second crop was gone by
spring, when.the house was planted with
cucumbers. and flower seeds.

The Big Boston lettuce made fine heads;
many were as large as those which are sent
to market. The heads of Mignonette were
small, and while perhaps they stood the cold
better than the other variety, I have decided
to grow only the Big Boston for next winter.

In addition to the lettuce, I grew a large
bed of mint and parsley; about fifty pansy
plants, and a number of forget-me-nots,
daisies and hardy primroses, all of which did
very well. I had one hundred violet plants,
and while the Prince of Wales variety did

61

THE MIDDLE OF WINTER—RAISING FLOWERS FOR CUTTING

very well, those of the Marie Louise were a
failure, as they were badly attacked by spot.
I also had about three dozen plants of Pros-
perity carnations, which were a failure, be-
cause the house was too cold.

The one thing which was the greatest joy
of all was a bed of twenty-five wallflowers;
they commenced to bloom early, and kept it
up all winter. I picked a bunch about every
Sunday, many times when the thermometer
outside was at 20°, or even lower.

About the middle of February I planted
sweet pea seeds in six-inch pots, and although
they were a long time in germinating, I had
plants three to four inches high, and the pots
full of roots, by March 17th, when they were
planted out.

GETTING AN EARLY START

I never found so good a place to start my
flower and vegetable seeds as in this house—
I think about every seed germinated—and
especially good results were had also from a
lot of Japanese iris and gladiolus seeds which
had been hand fertilized.

In the spring the glass was lifted off, and I
grew a fine crop of cucumbers. They did so
well that I shall not plant any in the open
garden next year.

The house (the professional gardener
would call it a “‘pit’’) has made a fine place
to spend a few hours on Saturdays when the
ground is covered with snow, and an enthus-
ilastic amateur is longing for spring.

The ideals of form and size; a smooth outline, the stalk set shallow and the basin not grooved.
too large a portion for one person.

Quality Tomatoes for the Home Garden—By L. and E. M. Barron

Such truits can be sliced without waste.
On the right Livingston’s Globe, on the left Stone

Both good for family use, not

New
York

PRACTICAL STANDARDS OF MERIT THAT SHOULD BE LOOKED FOR BY THE AMATEUR WHO WANTS THE
BEST RESULTS ON HIS TABLE, IGNORING THE COMMON STANDARDS OF LARGE SIZE AND TOUGH SKIN

ERHAPS more than any other vegetable,
the tomato repays the home gardener
for the trouble of growing. Quality in
this particular delicacy is measured chiefly
by cultural methods and condition of ripe-
ness. The very best tomato is the result of
strong young seedling plants kept growing
from the very earliest stage right through to
maturity without a check; grown with abun-
dance of space, giving free circulation of air
through and around the plant, plenty of sun-
shine to give both color (which is appetizing),
and sugar (which is an essential of high
flavor). With these conditions satisfied, then
there is this final factor—permitting the
fruit to fully ripen on the parent stem,
picking it at the acme of condition. An
overripe tomato is mealy and deficient in
flavor.

There is extreme delight in gathering
from your own garden fruits or vegetables
the likes of which are impossible to the
less fortunate who have to depend upon
store supplies. Such fragile crops, for in-
stance as the tomato, the strawberry, and
other bush fruits, when grown properly, and
gathered at their prime, can only be carried
very short distances. They cannot with-
stand the shaking and bruising that an ordi-
nary journey entails. Small wonder therefore
that the suburban home gardener revels in his
quality tomatoes, and is ever ready to discuss
methods and varieties with his neighbors.
Unfortunately there has grown up a false
standard of merit for Mr. Suburbanite. He
glories over the immensity of his Ponderosa
or Beefsteak, and accounts himself a master-
hand at tomato culture if he can but get the

better of his neighbor’s specimen by a fraction
of an ounce.

Our ideals are quite different. Quite in-
dependently of what the flavor may be, we
must confess a prejudice for a more moderate

Growing the tomato plant to one or two stems toa
staKe ensures free circulation of air, plenty of light,
and better quality, clean fruits

62

sized fruit. From all standards one that is
about two and a half inches diameter is the
extreme of size for decent use. We want a
tomato that will slice comfortably without
having to divide the sections into odd shaped
scraps; or, if the fruits are to be placed on the
table whole, they ought to be of such size
that the one fruit makes a suitable sized
portion for one individual.

The tomato, like some strawberries, be-
comes red before it is really ripe. More than
that, it can be picked before it is ripe, before
it has even become thoroughly red, and kept
in a warm place, it will greatly improve, and
ripen up after a fashion. As a means of
extending the tomato season into the late
fall months, this is a valuable feature; but
too often the desire to make things run along
as easily as possible leads to the gathering of
imperfectly ripened fruits during the summer
months, just because they can be handled
with greater freedom and less care. We
even venture to think that many people who
are growing their own tomatoes do not even
yet realize the rich lusciousness of a well
grown, properly ripened tomato!

Taken all in all, there is very little intrinsic
difference of flavor in different varieties.
By this is meant that the range of flavor is
very small—infinitely smaller, for instance,
than it is among the dessert fruits. Still,
there are some varieties that are better than
others, and they have come to be universally
known. But the merits of a variety for the
home garden are measured not entirely by
flavor. Cropping quality, color and sub-
stance—that is to say, solidity—are equally
important.

SEPTEMBER 1906

The most economical variety for the
home garden is one that begins to bear early,
and continues to yield evenly over a long
period. Some otherwise excellent varieties
have been introduced at times which bore
superb looking fruits in one big crop, and
then stopped. Such types do not find favor.

COLOR AND QUALITY

The question of color is one on which in-
dividual judgment and fancy has large play.
There are four distinct color groups of toma-
toes; three shades of red, which may be
distinguished as pink, scarlet and crimson or
purple; and yellow. There is a distinct
correlation of flavor and color. Without
exception the yellow fruited varieties are
sweeter than the red ones and also contain
less of the peculiar acidity which after all
is the great charm of the tomato.

Of the red group, the scarlet ones appeal
most strongly to the largest number of people.
There is an indescribable quality in a rich
bright scarlet that positively seems to make
one’s mouth water. Even though the pink
or crimson varieties were actually better
quality than the scarlets, still we are sure that
the scarlets would be the most popular. We
see it in other things. Bright red is instinct-
tively associated in one’s mind with high
quality. The crimson or purple fruits, as a
matter of fact, embrace some of the very
best varieties, as for instance Trucker’s
Favorite, which, though one of the more
recent varieties, has attained a permanent
place in the popular fancy.

EARLINESS ALL SUFFICIENT

As a rule, earliness is obtained at the ex-
pense of quality. It is so in all our garden
fruits and vegetables. Of recent years the
seedsmen have been making one continuous
effort to introduce earlier tomatoes, that is
to say, varieties that will carry full crops in
the shortest period after starting the seed.
As a matter of fact advances in this respect
have been very little. From time to time a
novelty is heralded as being a week to ten
days earlier than the earliest hitherto known,
and calculating from the time when tomatoes
first came into general cultivation, we would
by this time easily have arrived at the stage of
getting the ripe crop before the seed was sown!

J

This sort of tomato is very wasteful when sliced. The
stalk end is all loss

THE GARDEN -MAGAZINE

Cherry tomatoes, lessthan aninchindiameter. Might

as well have larger fruits for the same labor

A poor type of hollow fruit. Such large seed cavities
are wasteful, and awkward to serve sliced

Always select a fruit that is

The ideal of solidity.
heavy in comparison with its size

The standard of earliness to-day is probably
Sparks’ Earliana. It exactly fits the stated
ideals of a quality tomato, in size, color, and
solidity. It is also an abundant yielder for
about four weeks. For a main crop variety,
the old favorite Stone is still unsurpassed.
Doubtless there are others as good. It is
large, smooth, solid, scarlet, slightly flattened.
It has one attribute which may be counted as
a slight weakness, but should not be allowed
to interfere with appreciation of its real qual-
ities. Toward the end of the season the skin
is somewhat prone to split at the basal or
stalk end of the fruit.

A TOUGH SKINNED EXAMPLE

The skin thickness of the fruit has a great
deal to do with its qualities as a shipper.
The harder, tougher, or thicker the skin, the
better the fruit is for shipping, of course.
But we for home use don’t need to study ship-
ping qualities. If we did, we would al] be
growing Honor Bright. It will withstand
almost any sort of hard usage, and it is curi-
ously interesting, because it ripens, or rather
it colors from the inside working outward.
When in the first stage of ripeness, the fruit
changes from green to a peculiar yellow-
ish white. When of a golden yellow, it can
be picked and given rough handling without
suffering injury, and it will ultimately ripen
off into the brightest scarlet. But for com-
fort in eating, you have to remove the very

63

tough skin. The home gardener can afford
to start with a skin that is considerably more
delicate. The tender skinned varieties have
a tendency to split, especially when they are
under highest cultivation, which means that
the fruits are juicy to the bursting degree.
Other things being equal, always give
preference to a fruit of even form and smooth
outline. It eases the handling for table.
There is practically no waste in a smooth
surfaced tomato. A ribbed fruit of the old-
time type is wasteful to a degree, especially
as both the flower and stalk ends resolve
themselves into stringy irregular rings.
There is thus a loss in slicing of perhaps
15 to 20 per cent. Equally, a solid fruit,
that is one in which the seeds are few and
the divisions of the cavity both many and
thick, is a better fruit for the table. It is
easier to slice, and to handle subsequently.
An open celled tomato falls to pieces easily.

ADD SUGAR IN COOKING

When cooking tomatoes, the addition of
sugar becomes necessary. As a matter of
fact, the chief nutritive value of the tomato
lies in its sugar content, and in many pro-
cesses of cooking this is dissolved or modified,
which would seem to indicate the desirability
of adding sugar directly. Ripe tomatoes are
nearly 5 per cent. sugar, and it has been
found practically one-half of this is lost in the
process of cooking. This is_ particularly
true of the red varieties. The yellow kinds
have seemingly a greater sugar content; for
it is certain that when cooked they do not
acquire that extra acid quality which char-
acterizes the red ones. Far from having to
add sugar to the cooked yellow fruit, there
appears to be still an absence of acidity.

When serving sliced tomatoes, especially
if you grow thick skinned varieties, it is well
to get rid of the skin.

Rub the blade of a silver knife all over the
surface. This is a better way than the usual
one of scalding them, which loosens the skin
but however quickly done, seems to impart a
‘““cooked”’ flavor. After peeling, slice the
fruits and place them on ice, or ina cold place
for an hour, to get thoroughly chilled. They
can be used for salad, baked, stewed or fried.

Stirling Castle,an early crop variety, and good for fore-

ing. Abundant bearer of moderate sized fruits

The northwest corner of the piazza is enclosed in glass walls to make a light room, which can be heated by an oil stove

Winter Flowers in a Piazza Conservatory—By M. K. Farrand *%

HOW A 10x10 FOOT CORNER PROVIDED AN ABUNDANCE OF FLOWERS THROUGH THE WINTER FROM BULBS AND
PLANTS STARTED IN AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER—AN AMATEUR’S CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR INDOOR GARDENERS

E CALL it the “glass house” because

conservatory seems too grand a name

for a space ten feet square, but I venture to

say that this small place gives more pleasure

and perhaps more flowers than some others
which are on a more elaborate scale.

Beside the flowers, the glass house is big
enough to hold comfortably a wicker arm
chair and a tea stand, not to mention the
three small persons who love to perch them-
selves on the hospitable step that forms the
entrance from the house.

The glass house is built on the northwest
corner of the porch, and consequently gets
the early morning sun from the east, and the
south and west sun all the rest of the day.
This next winter will be the third season for
this little conservatory, and many are the
trials that have beset me on account of the
heating problem.

KEEPING OUT THE FROST

The first year a small coal stove was in-
stalled in one corner, and the temperature
varied from tropical to arctic in a startling
manner; what the poor plants underwent
that winter is a subject too harrowing to
dwell upon, but in spite of being baked one
hour and chilled the next, they managed to
survive, and the pleasure which the experi-
ment gave made me eager to continue it the
next year.

The coal stove was succeeded by a smoke-
less oil heater. ‘This has proved, except in
windy and very cold weather, a most satis-
factory arrangement, for it burns an aston-
ishingly long time—ten hours at full flame
and sixteen when the days are mild and the
wick can be lowered—while the heat it gives
out is tremendous for such a small thing.

This fall the heating question wiil be settled
for good by running a pipe from the furnace
underneath the drawing room floor out into

the glass house, thereby ensuring a regular
temperature, and also doing away with the
danger of having the stove upset.

I started in with some stocks and cannas
taken from the garden, and some ferns and
green leaved plants, but before bulb flower-
ing time a most painful break occurred in the
blooming season, which I shall remedy next
year by careiul planning.

FLOWERS READY FOR CHRISTMAS

Just a few days before Christmas saw the
first box of paper white narcissus in full
bloom, and since then the house has not been
without flower.

A cheery adjunct to the living room; bright colored flow-
ers instead of the dreary winter landscape

64

Freesias, Chinese sacred lilies, and more
paper white narcissi followed in January;
and on the 18th of the same month, coming,
curiously enough, goincident with the flower- |
ing date of last year, the azaleas commenced
their lovely reign, and kept bravely on till
the last of March.

Before the flowers of the last box of nar-
cissus had withered, the early Yellow Prince
tulip started in, and from the 15th of Feb-
ruary until the 25th of March, ninety-three
of them made a most gorgeous display in a
big flat box.

Sometimes my conscience reproaches me
when I crowd so many bulbs together, but
the mass effect of the bright colors is so pleas-
ing in mid-winter, I harden my heart, and
squeeze the next set into the smallest space.

FORCING GLADIOLUS

One hundred and fifty Gladiolus Colvillet
were planted on the eighth of January, which
gave me dozens of the white and pink flowers.
in the third week of May. ‘This was later
than I had anticipated for I had expected
the gladioli to flower shortly after Easter.
I should have done better if I had grown the
Blushing Bride type which flowers much
earlier.

These bulbs are seldom forced by ama-
teurs, but after this experiment, which was.
rewarded by long spikes of perfect blooms
just like their garden sisters, only on a
smaller scale, they seem to me to be as in-
dispensable as the Holland bulbs.

Wistarias in large pots, and hyacinths of
two varieties came next, while more tulips
(variety Murillo) and a huge plant of double
flowering cherry (Prunus Pseudo-Cerasus,
var. hortensis flore-pleno, known in the trade
as P. Sieboldii, var. rubra plena) made March
gay with pink tints. The calla lilies kept
on until May.

Some of the best flowers of late winter were the wistarias and Indian azaleas, and of course the bulbs flowered in succession lots

In the meantime a notable floral occasion
in the glass house had taken place—two
cinerarias raised from seed sown in August,
and one pitiful rose had bloomed, and there
was more real pride over those three plants
than over all the others which did much better.

The cinerarias underwent all the troubles
usually attendant on their culture by an
amateur—damping off, aphis, then a general
scourge from too much nicotine as a cure for
the aphis; the total result from a box of seed-
lings was only two plants.

HANDLING SMALL SEEDS

Seeds of the greenhouse type of plant, such
as primrose, cineraria, and calceolaria, may
all be started in the usual way, in flats with
window glass over the boxes to prevent too
rapid evaporation of the moisture, but care
must be taken to secure the right soil. Finely
sifted woods earth, mixed with one third
sandy loam, has proved a reliable combin-
ation in which to germinate the seeds of these
plants. To ensure good drainage put a layer
of sharp sand and bits of broken crockery and
charcoal in the bottom of the box. Charcoal
and bird sand are invariable accompaniments
of all my indoor gardening, and I always
keep on hand a supply of both. Buying the
regular bird sand provides this necessity in a
neat and convenient form, and charcoal is,
of course, available in most households. Its

use answers the double purpose of drainage,
and (as all good housewives know) absorbing
impurities.

A bulb syringe is indispensable for water-
ing the soil before growth appears on the
surface, and through all the earlier stages.

WATERING AND REPOTTING

After the seeds germinate, and the seed-
lings have developed three or four leaves,
transplant them to one and one-half inch
pots, using about the same soil and drainage
as in the flats, adding a small quantity of
well-rotted cow manure.

Watering these tender young plants is the
next detail to be considered, and if you have a
greenhouse bench, plunge the pots to the rims
in sand. Water the seedlings when the soil
in the pot seems to be drying out, but for the
most part, water the sand around the pots,
which will keep the roots sufficiently cool and
moist, without danger of the dread ‘“‘ damping
off.” If a bench is not at your disposal, fill
a shallow box with sand.

As the young plants grow and increase in
size,repotting takes up the indoor gardener’s
attention, and whether your seedlings grow
on, unchecked and successful, or whether the
roots grow too large and become pot bound
before they are shifted to the next size, is
largely a matter that depends on your own
care and watchfulness.

65

Leaves make a growth relative to the under-
growth, and when their spread seems out of
proportion to the size of the pot, the right
moment for transplanting has arrived.

Prod gently with a pencil the piece of
crockery covering the outlet of the flower pot;
this loosens the earth on all sides, and the
plant, a solid mass of roots and soil, may be
easily slipped out and repotted in the nec-
essary size. From seeds started in April,
the plants may be set out of doors in frames
in June, and grown cool as late as the
weather permits in the autumn.

TWO FLORAL ARISTOCRATS

Chrysanthemums and roses, both flowers
that we associate with luxury, are fittingly
enough luxury loving plants, and to do their
best, they must have sunshine, water, rich
soil in abundance, and the best of drainage.

The soil for chrysanthemums differs from
the soil best adapted to roses, inasmuch as
chrysanthemums need a good sandy loam,
well enriched, with ‘‘short”” cow manure and
wood ashes, while the rose requires a clay
loam. It is a good plan to have a special
place in a sunny frame for these aristocrats
among flowers, one where their need for
perfect drainage can be met by preparing a
trench with a ‘layer of coal ashes in the
bottom. When your plants are set out,
place them on the ashes.

66

Feed them with liquid manure at inter-
vals throughout the growing season, and for
the chrysanthemums, which must be given
larger pots as the plants grow, add a
greater quantity of manure with each re-
potting.

Most bulbs require a sandy loam made
porous with a fibrous woods soil, and a layer
of very old manure may be used to advan-
tage in the bottom of the pans, if each bulb
is well protected from possible contact with
the fertilizer by a small handful of sand.

All the hardy bulbs do best if the pots and
boxes are planted in a pit out of doors to
make good root growth, though of course a
good covering of leaves is necessary to ex-
clude the light, and prevent the hard frost
from getting in.

While the earliest of them are maturing,
the early, mid-season, and late chrysanthe-
mums will be ready to supply a glorious
succession of flowers till December, and so
for next year, from October on, I look for-
ward to a continuous display of bloom until
spring again calls us to out-of-door-gar-
dening.

“THE GLASS HOUSE”? CALENDAR

September—Start first set of Dutch bulbs
and various types of narcissus—lift and re-
pot house plants from frame the second
week. The narcissi will bloom before
Christmas; the tulips and hyacinths at
Christmas time.

i

Deh Meu ID) JIN MLA Cu ZZ LIN| 18,

Continue planting at intervals of two
weeks for succession; first, second, third
and fourth sets of tulips may be found in
LaReine, Yellow Prince, Rose Grisdelin and
Pottebakker types—Hyacinths, Ida, Baron
van Thuyll for earliest. Unnamed sorts are
less expensive and do just as well for later
flower. Grow the white alba superbissima
for Easter. Polyanthus narcissus are best
for Christmas, and the Trumpet types
for later.

October—Lift chrysanthemums and start
in the house. Last of the month plant
Gladiolus Colvillet. Blushing Bride gladiolus
flowers six weeks earlier than The Bride and
rubra. The latter may be set in January
for May flowers. Gladioli require a gentle
bottom heat to start growth quickly.

February—Take cuttings of Paris daisies,
chrysanthemums, and begonias, for flowers
in October and later.

Much expense may be saved if small
greenhouse plants are bought at this season,
and grown through the summer to maturity.

March—Sow Ostrich Plume chrysanthe-
mums and Chabaud’s carnations, for flowers
in October and later.

Carnations of this strain will bloom con-
tinuously throughout the winter.

A pril—Sow seeds of cinerarias for March
flowers, and Chinese primrose seeds for
Christmas flowers.

Cinerarias will flourish in spite of hot sum-
mer weather, if planted in a deep-framed pit

SEPTEMBER, 1906

slanting north with a muslin shade over
the top.

May—Plant out in coldframe all house
plants by the middle of the month.

Unpot plants, and place in the earth in
bottomless cardboard or wooden boxes.
The plants will grow all the stronger for this,
and the card board straight jackets will
check the roots from spreading.

June—For flowers in October and later,
disbud chrysanthemums and roses until the
middle of August. Deutsche Perle, (white)
and Simon Mardner (dark pink) are the
surest azaleas for Christmas bloom. Be
sure to pinch out side shoots around form-
ing azalea buds; the buds will be crowded
and blast if you neglect this.

July—Sow calceolaria seed and buy
Gloire de Lorraine begonia plants. The
begonias will flower in December, the calceo-
larias in March.

Treat calceolaria the same as primrose and
cineraria—the tall growing hybrida type is
the handsomest.

August—Pot Easter lilies and freesias;
take cuttings from Paris daisies and helio-
trope; sow cineraria again. The lilies and
freesias will flower by Christmas; the others
from January on.

By planting freesias among lilies or other
slow maturing flowers, they will bloom be-
fore the lilies, and break the monotony of
waiting. If planted two inches deep the
nuisance of staking is avoided. :

Tulip Yellow Prince in full flower on February 15th. The largest possible number of bulbs is packed in the flat, to secure a solid mass of color

Making More and Better Fruit Trees—By S. W. Fletcher

INCREASE OF STOCK BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE HABITS OF

LITTLE TRICKS THAT FACILITATE AN
TREE OR BUSH—WHEN

“ BET TER-THAN-THE-AVERAGE”’

GROWTH—HOW TO PERPETUATE A

PERHAPS your neighbor has a new or a

rare variety of some fruit the nursery-
man cannot supply, and from which he is
willing to let you have cuttings, or grafts;
perhaps in your own garden there is one tree
of unusual excellence. If so, you will want
to know just how to increase the quantity.
There is no small attraction, too, in the mere
pleasure of multiplying plants; but as a prac-
tical economy it is far better and cheaper as a
rule to buy from a reliable nurseryman than
to attempt to propagate them at home.

FRUITS THAT COME TRUE FROM SEED

Few of the common fruits ‘‘come true”’
from seed; the seedlings are usually quite
dissimilar to the parent. Some varieties,
however, notably the Green Gage plum,
Crawford peach, and the Fameuse apple
come more true from seed than others.

Propagation from seed is chiefly resorted to
for raising seedling stocks on which to bud
or graft desirable varieties. A large number
of tropical and sub-tropical fruits are com-
monly grown from seed, but even these seed-
ling fruits are variable, and when it is de-
sired to perpetuate improved varieties of
them, recourse must be had to grafting or
some other method of dividing the plant.

“STRATIFYING”’? SEEDS

As soon as the seeds are mature they are
mixed with sand, after the pulp has been
removed, as with plum or peach pits; or
with the decayed pulp clinging to them, as
with strawberry or raspberry. On the
bottom of a flat or shallow box place about
an inch of sand, then a thin layer of seeds,
followed by an inch of sand, then seeds, and
so on to the top. Fine seeds that cannot be
screened out readily may be put between
folds of cheesecloth. Bury the flat to its rim
in some well drained spot out of doors, and
cover with straw after the sand has frozen
solid; or it may be placed in the cellar, but
care should be taken that no mice, blue jays,
squirrels or other animals disturb it. The
sand is kept barely moist, not wet, and never
allowed to become dry.

The cion and the piece of
root are first split, then joined together and tied with
waxed string. Whip grafting is done the same way

Making a root:-graft.

After some months, usually at the end of
the winter, the seed coats are found to
be softened, so that germination is easy.
Freezing the seeds is not necessary; moisture
alone will soften the seed coats sufficiently,
but freezing is quite beneficial to such bony
seeds as peach and plum.

In spring screen out and sow the seeds; or
if they are very small, the sand itself may be
sown. The large fruit seeds may be sown
in the garden; it may be best to sow the very
small seeds in shallow boxes of light soil, and
transplant them to the garden later. Some
bony fruit seeds do not all germinate the
first season.

Soaking the seeds in warm water for about
twenty-four hours aids them to germinate, but
this is not as desirable as stratification. Fruit
tree seedlings are large enough to graft or bud
when one year old, except some citrous
seedlings.

PROPAGATION BY LAYERS OR STOLONS

In layering, a shoot from the parent plant
is made to throw out roots from the cambium
layer, and is then detached from the parent.
Usually the most successful way of encour-
aging these roots to form is to covera part of
the plant with soil, There are several
methods of layering, each adapted for certain
plants.

~Stolons or “tips” are the young plants
produced when some part of the parent plant
bends down and takes root. The most
common examples among garden fruits are the
strawberry, black raspberry, and dewberry.
The strawberry sets runners freely without
any attention, but if it is desired to get runners
rooted early, put a small stone, or handful
of soil on the end of the runner. The end of
the runner can be removed from the plant,
even before it has thrown out any roots, and
treated like a cutting. Extra strong rasp-
berry and dewberry plants will be secured if
the ends of the branches are covered with soil
when they strike the ground in late summer.
Layer all the branches one way, between
plants in the row, so as not to interfere with
tillage. The tip is usually left undisturbed
until the following spring, but is ready for
planting late that fall if necessary.

Mound layering consists in banking soil
around the base of the plant and leaving it
there until the shoots have rooted. In the
fruit garden it is practised chiefly on currants
and gooseberries, but it may also be used to
propagate the plum, quince, and dwarf
apple stocks. Usually it is best to cut back
the plant the season before layering, so as to
induce the growth of many root shoots, thus
making a ‘‘stool.” Earth is banked around
the stool in the fall. By the next fall, or in
the spring, each shoot should be well rooted,
and may be detached from the plant. In the
North it is best to separate the plants in the
fall and winter them in the cellar.

Branch layering is a good means of prop-

67

Michigan Agri-
cultural College

TO BUD OR GRAFT

agation when it is desired to secure
only a few plants, and not to interrupt the
fruit bearing of the mother plant. A few
of the outside branches are laid down, and
covered with soil to within a foot of the tip,
which is bent upright above the surface. At
the point where roots should form, slit the
bark with a knife, or severely twist the branch.
When the covered portion is strongly rooted
(which takes from three months to two years,
according to the kind of fruit) it is separated.
The quince, currant and gooseberry may be
propagated thus.

Grapes and dewberries are layered by
pegging down the whole cane in the spring,
covering certain nodes about eighteen inches
apart, and arching the cane between these
points. As many new plants are made as
there are nodes covered.

PROPAGATION BY CUTTINGS

This method differs from layering only in
that the shoots are rooted after they are
taken from the mother plant, instead of be-
fore. Some fruits are readily propagated by
soft wood cuttings in the summer, but this
method is rarely used, except for the olive.

The quince, currant, gooseberry, fig, mul-
berry, olive, and grape are most easily pro-
pagated by hardwood cuttings. In parts of
the South having a humid climate and warm
soil, even some of the Northern tree fruits,
as the oriental varieties of pear, and the plum
and cherry, are easily propagated from
cuttings of one-year-old wood.

Hardwood cuttings are made of dormant
wood of the past season’s growth, in autumn
after the leaves begin to fall, but may be taken
at any time before the plants start into
growth. Autumn is preferred because the
lower ends of the cutting will become
callused before spring, and will root better
in that condition. In the Northern states,
cuttings should be taken at least two months
before they are to be set in the ground.
Some varieties of grapes root better if a bit
of the older wood is left on the end of the

Gooseberry and grape
Only two or three buds
Plant in autumn or

Currant cuttings planted.
cuttings are treated similarly.
should project above the ground.
very early spring

Budding the orange.

THE

Two buds have been inserted and have made two shoots.

GARDEN MAGAZINE

The stock has been broken

over, not cut off

cutting, making a “‘heel” or ‘‘mallet.”” Ex-
cept in these cases, the lower cut should be
made just below a bud: Make the lower cut
slanting, so as to offer much surface for the
formation of roots. The upper cut may be
an inch or more above a bud. The length
of a hardwood cutting should be from four
to eight inches. ‘There may be two buds up-
on it, as in a “‘short cutting” of the grape, or
three buds, as in a “‘long cutting” of grape,
or six to twelve buds, as in a currant or
gooseberry cutting. ‘One eye” grape cut-
tings may be made, but these must be rooted
under glass.

Plant hardwood cuttings in the fall as soon
as taken, except in the northernmost states.
Set the cuttings three to six inches deep, with
only one or two buds above ground. Rub
off all buds, except two or three on top.
Press the soil firmly about them with the feet,
and in the North give a heavy mulch.

The alternative is to tie the cuttings in
bundles of twenty-five or fifty, all butt ends
together, and store them over winter in the
cellar, in moist sand, sawdust, or moss. Or
they may be buried, bottom ends up, in some
sheltered and well drained spot out of
doors.

In the spring they are set out like the fall-
planted cuttings. The rooted cuttings will
be large enough to set in the garden at the

end of the first season, but plants two years
old from the cuttings are commonly preferred.

PROPAGATION BY SUCKERS AND ROOT
CUTTINGS

The red raspberry, blackberry, Juneberry,
banana, pineapple, fig and date are best
propagated from suckers dug in fall or spring,
and planted immediately.

The best red raspberry, blackberry, and
mulberry plants are secured by cutting the
larger roots into pieces from two to four
inches long. These are packed in moist sand
over winter, and planted in the spring like
hardwood cuttings, except that the upper end
is covered with soil to the depth of one inch.
Be careful to plant the top end up; that is,
the end that was nearest the stem, indicated
by the growth of the fibrous roots. These
root cuttings make excellent plants in one
season. If necessary, any of our common
Northern fruits, as plum, cherry, peach,
pear and apple, can be multiplied by root
cuttings; but of course they will not come
true if the parent is a grafted tree.

PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING

Budding and grafting differ only in one
respect; in grafting, a shoot several inches
long, and bearing several buds, is used to
perpetuate the variety; in budding, a single

Blackberry “‘tips.’

Cover the ends of the canes with soil in the late summer.

When planting, see that the bud

in the centre of the mat of roots is upright

SEPTEMBER, 1906

bud, with a bit of bark, and perhaps a bit of
wood attached to it, is inserted into the stock.
There are more than a hundred different
methods of budding and grafting, but only
three of them are in common use in gardens:
cleft-grafting, whip-grafting, and _ shield-
budding.

Whip-grafting is used for two purposes:
to change the variety of young trees already
growing in the garden, and to propagate
young trees for planting. If there is a tree
from one to three years old growing in the
garden and the variety is undesirable, it may
often be ‘“‘worked over” to better advantage
by whip-grafting than by budding. Whip-
grafting is not commonly employed on shoots
over three-quarters of an inch in diameter,
and is usually done on one-year-old wood.
Larger branches should be cleft-grafted or
budded.

Grafting is done in early spring, the cions
having been cut from the trees and stored
over winter like cuttings. The cion and the
shoot to be grafted are preferably of about
the same size, but the cion may be only one-
half the diameter of the stock without serious
disadvantage. The stock is prepared to
receive the cion by cutting it off diagonally,
making a smooth, even cut about three quar-
ters of an inch long; the knife is then placed
at right angles with this cut, about one-third
of the distance from the lower end of it, and
is cut down lengthwise of the shoot, making
a split about one-half inch deep. This
‘“‘tongue”’ is made for the purpose of holding
the cion firmly in place.

The cion is next prepared in exactly the
same way, and the two joined together by
their tongues. The cion should be of one-
year-old wood, from three to six inches long,
and should bear several strong buds. The
important point in grafting is to press the
cambium layer—the green inner bark—of
the cion tightly against the cambium layer
of the stock, so that the two surfaces will
unite. If the cion is smaller than the stock,
do not, therefore, put it in the middle, but
flush with one side of the stock.

Having united the two, firmly wrap five or
six turns of waxed cotton—made by soaking
No. 18 knitting cotton in hot melted wax—
around the point of union, or bind it with
strips of waxed cloth. This wrapping is not
removed when the graft is planted. All the
small branches on a small tree may be grafted
over in the same way. It is best to allow
but one or two buds on the cion to grow.

ROOT GRAFTING

Root-grafting is commonly done in the
winter, preferably before February, the roots
and cions having both been secured in the
fall, and stored. The cion is placed on pieces
of roots from two to six inches long, and from
one to three quarters of an inch thick. These
roots may be the entire root system of one-
year-old seedlings, or pieces of these seedling
roots, or small roots of older trees that have
been dug up. The entire root of a seedling
is preferred. The operation is performed
exactly like the whip-grafting of established
trees described above.

Cleft grafting is used to work over old

SEPTEMBER, 1906

trees. The stock is split by a chisel and a

wedge-shaped cion is inserted on the margin.

PROPAGATING BY BUDS

Budding is the most common method of
securing new plants of apple, pear, cherry,
peach, plum, ‘orange, lemon,**pomelo, per-
simmon, and many other» fruits; also to
change young trees of undesirable varieties
of fruits into more favored sorts.

Seedling stocks must first be secured. ;

These are usually taken up and stored at the
end of their first season, and are set out again
the following spring about six inches apart
in the row. They are ready to bud late that
summer. Peach stocks, however, are ready
to bud in September, from pits planted the
same season. Budding can be done any time
when the bark of the stock peels readily;
but it is commonly done in late summer or
early fall, because mature buds can then be
cut directly from the trees. If done in early
spring, the buds need to be taken from cions
that were cut during the previous fall or
winter. Apples and pears are commonly
budded in late July or early August. Plums
and cherries may be budded later, and peaches
last of all, in early September. A few days
before budding, remove the leaves from the
base of the stocks to a height of several inches
from the ground. This makes the bark
somewhat firmer to receive the bud.

WHERE TO GET BUDS

The buds are cut from ‘bud-sticks,”
which are mature shoots of the current sea-
son’s growth, secured from the ends of the
bearing limbs of valuable trees. Only well-
developed buds are used; those near the end
of the shoot are usually discarded. Be care-
ful to get leaf buds and not fruit buds, if
propagating stone fruits.

Each leaf is cut off about one-half inch
from the bud, thus leaving a handle for it.
The bud is now cut off with a sharp thin
knife, which is placed about one-half inch
below it, and drawn upward parallel to the
shoot, and to an equal distance on the up-
per side of the bud stick. A bit of wood
may be left just beneath the bud, but usually
it is best to cut thinly, leaving only the in-
ner and outer bark attached to the bud.
When many buds are to be inserted, all
the buds on a stick may be cut at once,
leaving them hanging by a shred at the top
until needed; but buds should not be cut
longer than a few minutes before they are
needed.

The buds are inserted into a T-shaped
cut on the stock, which is preferably made on
the north side, and as close to the ground as a
smooth place where the bark peels readily
can be secured.

The cross cut is made first with a rocking
motion of the knife; it should be about one
and one-half inches long. The longitudinal
slit below it is then made; it should be about
two inches long. Both cuts go through the
bark to the sap wood. The edges of the
incision are now loosened and rolled back
slightly with the knife, and the matrix is now
ready to receive the bud. ‘This is grasped by
the leaf stock and inserted beneath the bark;

ANOS GeAC RONSON » MCANGTACZaUN Ts

Currant cuttings five to eight inches long are made in the

the point of the knife may be used to put it
down firmly. This leaves the bud with its
cut surface in contact with the peeled wood of
the stock. The cambium layers of the bud
and the stock unite, as in grafting.

The bud must be bound in, but no waxing
is needed. Narrow strips of cloth will an-
swer, or any soft string, but raffia fibre is
best. The ligament is wound around the
stock several times, both above and below
the bud. Ordinarily these buds will show
if they have ‘‘taken”’ in one or two weeks;
if so, they remain green; if not, they
shrivel. As soon as the bud is seen to be
united firmly to the stock, the ligature
should be cut.

The bud should not begin to grow until
the following spring. It may be protected
during the winter, if necessary, by banking
the stocks with soil. In early spring the
stock is cut off just above the bud, leaving
a mere stub containing a single bud of the
desired variety. In budding citrous fruits
the stock is partly cut off and is bent over, but

i
im

Budding.
bark attached,

fallor early spring from shoots of the previous season

it is not removed until the bud has grown into
a strong shoot. See that no suckers from
the stock dispute with the bud_ shoot.
Budded trees are ready to plant when one or
two years old from the bud.

CHANGING A VARIETY

Budding is sometimes used for changing
the variety of established trees. Peaches
and apricots, which are not grafted readily,
are very commonly worked over by budding.
This method is also employed advantageously
with apples, pears, plums, cherries, oranges,
lemons and most other common tree fruits.
Buds can be inserted successfully in branches
two or three years old, or even older on the
stone fruits, but it is safer to put them on one-
year-old wood. If the trees are over two or
three years old, this may necessitate cutting
the tree back severely, so that buds may be
inserted low down in the vigorous shoots that
result. This may be done the same season,
with new buds, or the following spring, with
buds from dormant cions.

Note angle of blade in making cross-cut of the T. The bud taken from the “‘bud stick" has a bit of
After being slipped into he stock it is tied firmly with string, raffia, or basswood fibre

%

4

}

%

?
A,

The Victorias are the largest of all the water-lilies—leaves often six feet across and the flowers one foot; white the first evening, changing to pink on the second night.
To the left of the expanded flower is an opening bud, and still further to the left a spiny leaf bud (V. Cruziana)

Water-Lilies for the Business Man—By Henry S. Conard tii"

THE TENDER NIGHT-BLOOMING KINDS THAT OPEN THEIR FLOWERS AT SEVEN O'CLOCK—WONDROUS GLOWING GARNET
REDS AND MAGENTAS THAT FLOWER FROM JULY TO FROST, AND ONE THAT GIVES THIRTY FLOWERS AT ONCE

HE night-blooming water-lilies, which
we may properly term the lotos group,
open their flowers between seven and eight
p. M., and they remain open until from nine
to one o’clock of the following day. Each
flower does this on three successive nights.
These are therefore preéminently the busy
man’s water-lilies; the proper kinds for the
suburban dweller who is away from home
and garden throughout the day.

They are all tender. In habit they re-
semble their day-flowering relatives. The
leaves are numerous and mostly large—up to
two feet across—and lie flat on the water.
A single plant will cover a space ten or twelve
feet square. Yet they get on well in smaller
quarters. I knew a red one that bloomed
all one summer in a tank four feet square,
where two hardy water-lilies and the water-
poppy also shared the space.

The margin of the leaf in all the lotos
group is scalloped, with sharply pointed
teeth. The flowers, when well grown, are
large and massive, and are borne on stout

Article XI of the “Little Monographs” series

stalks six to twelve inches above the surface
of the water. In color we have all shades,
from pure white through pink to magenta and
deep red.

A REALLY BEAUTIFUL MAGENTA

To my eye, the most splendid member of
this group is Nymphea Omarana. Its noble
flower reaches a diameter of ten or twelve
inches. In color, it is of a brilliant purple-
red hue, close to ‘“‘magenta” of the color
charts. Each petal has a narrow, nearly
white, stripe along the middle. It has, as
Tricker says, ‘‘an indescribable glow”? when
seen in the early morning sunshine. The
petals are thin and soft in texture, and
spread gracefully in all directions in the
fully opened flower. The sepals and lower-
most petals become reflexed. The many
brownish-red stamens stand erect in a ring
at the centre of the flower. As this kind
is a very free bloomer, a single root will
always have one or two mature flowers. It
begins to bloom in July and continues until

70

frost. The circle of large bronzy-red leaves
alone is an ornament to the garden.

Comparable with this is Nymphaea Stur-
tevantit. Under favorable conditions these
flowers, too, may reach a foot in diameter.
But it never opens more than to a wide cup-
shape. The bright pink petals are broad and
concave, evenly colored and very numerous.
The incurved stamens are of a brownish
orange color. The bronzy leaves are often
very large, and always much crumpled at the
margins. It requires plenty of room and a
high temperature to give the best results. It
is the most massive in flower and foliage of
all the true water-lilies.

THE BEST RED LILY

Of a darker shade than either of the pre-
ceding, though a parent of both, is Nymphea
Devoniensis. ‘This again has flowers of the
largest size, but of a pure red color. The
petals are ovate, four or five inches long by
an inch and a half wide. The flower does
not expand so widely as that of Omarana,

es

=

SEPTEMBER, 1906

although it is more open than that of Stur-
tevantii.

Devoniensis is a mostly sterile hybrid, and
is a very free bloomer. The plant gives rise
during the summer to a number of lateral
crowns. When several of these get started,
a single plant may cover two hundred square
feet of pond, and may have as many as thirty-
six flowers and buds visible at one time!
Under these conditions the leaves are badly
crowded, and the flowers are under size, but
the effect is superbly rich. When the leaves
first come up they are dark red. As they
grow older, they become greener, finally
reaching a bronzy-green.

A GROUP OF VERY DARK REDS

Among recent introductions are some reds
much deeper in shade than Devoniensis.
Probably NV. Geo. Huster is the best of these.
It is a strong grower and free bloomer. Its
flowers are not so large as those of Omarana,
being only eight to ten inches across at the
best. Otherwise the two kinds are very
much alike.

N. Frank Trelease is a variety with still
deeper crimson flowers, of medium size.
The color is so dark as to give very deep
shadows between the petals. Its leaves are
dark bronzy red, and about fifteen inches
across.

N. Columbiana, an old variety, is not so
deep in color as the last two, and its flowers
are only about six inches across. The leaves
are bronzyred. It is only a moderate grower.

THE PURE WHITES

Passing to the other extreme of color—for
color is our chief means of classifying these
kinds—we have several pure whites. The
chief of these goes by the name of Nymphea
dentata. The petals of dentata are about
three and a half timesas long as they are wide.
In a fully open flower they stand out in a ring
or disc exactly at right angles to the petiole.
In the middle of the flower the light yellow
stamens stand erect. The whole effect is
rather curious and a little stiff. It might be
likened to a short, stout candle standing in
the middle of a white saucer. The leaves
are bright green.

As varieties of this there are three forms
offered, or about to be offered, for sale.

Fubilee, delicate pinkish white; one of the many
hybrids of the lotus group. Seeds freely

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

They are undoubtedly improvements in size
and profusion of flowers. Wymphea dentata,
var. grandiflora is described as having petals
twice as wide as the old form. WN. dentata,
var. superba has more numerous petals than
the orginial, and NV. dentata, var. magnifica is
alarger flower. The old dentata only reaches
eight or ten inches across.

Distinguished from dentata by the shape of
its flower is the white night lotus (Nymphea
Lotus). Horticulturally its chief virtue is its
great fecundity. Both lotus and dentata
bear big balls of seed in great profusion.
And their hybrids inherit this character in
more or less completeness. The petal of
lotus is broad and concave, the outside often
tinted with pink. The flower opens only to
a cup-shape. Nymphea thermalis is identical
with Nymphea Lotus.

From these we may pass to Jubilee, of a
delicate pinkish white color, and on to
Smithiana, with slightly more pink; Delica-
tissima, light pink; Deaniana, deep pink;
Kewensis, a little paler than Sturtevantil.

One

N. Dvoniensis, the darkest red water-lily.
plant will cover 200 sq. ft. of ground, and have thirty
flowers open at one time

With the flower color goes a bronzy tint of
the leaves. The leaves of delicatissima show
a distinct metallic tint, which in Kewensis
reaches a definite bronze. In shape of
flower, delicatissima resembles dentata: it
opens widely, and the petals are narrow.
The other three have broad ovate petals,
which only open to form a cup-shaped flower.
The cup-shape is only desirable when the
flowers are looked at from above. Ordi-
narily the widely opening kinds are to be
preferred, as water-lilies have generally to
be viewed from some distance. And in
this group there is no odor to invite a closer
inspection.

ALWAYS IN BLOOM

Tender water-lilies bloom of necessity.
Once they are started, they seem unable to
stop. This is eminently true of the night-
bloomers. ‘They need no care during the
growing season. Strong plants should be
set out when warm weather is fully estab-
lished. Wintering is not so difficult as for
the day-blooming kinds. The night-bloomers
may be taken from the pond either in their

71

4

Nymphaea Omarana, always in bloom from July to frost.
The color is a glowing magenta

tubs, or with a large ball of earth, in October.
They are then allowed to dry off slowly. In
a month’s time there should remain from
each plant one or two small tubers. Some-
times the tuber is smooth and oval; some-
times it is of a very irregular shape. It is
kept in dry sand as prescribed for the day-
blooming kinds. In February or March the
tuber is planted in sand and sunk in a warm
tank. Soon it sends out a host of shoots.
These mature one by one. They may be
broken off and potted separately as soon as
they have one or two floating leaves. Each
tuber, therefore, of the night-blooming
water-lilies will produce enough plants to
stock a large pond. It is a wise precaution
to keep one or two plants in small pots all

summer, just to form tubers. The old
plants sometimes rot completely when
taken in.

Seedlings are very easily raised. Sow
seeds in January or February, as directed in
the July number. Keep the young plants
growing rapidly, and fine specimens may be
had the same season. They come on almost
as quickly from seeds as from tubers. But
only the whites can be relied upon to come
true to seed. Our reds and pinks are all
hybrids, and will produce a great variety of
tints from seed. Of course there is a pure
red species, Nyinphea rubra, from which the
hybrids have derived their color. But in
spite of the offerings in catalogues, I am
convinced that the true N. rubra is not in
America. Its home is in India. Will not
some one import a pure strain ?

For the curiosity seeker, we must mention
here an odd species from South America, the
Amazon water-lily (Nymphaea Amazonum;
known in the trade as NV. amfla). It needs
the same treatment as those just described,
though requiring a little more heat. The
leaves are bright green, smooth edged, and of
a graceful oval shape. ‘The flower is yellow-
ish white, and four or five inches across. It
floats on the water like the hardy kinds. The
bud rises just above the water surface to-day,
let us suppose. Between three and four A. M.
to-day it opens to a narrow cup-shape, and
closes again before six. To-morrow it be-
gins to open about half past six in the evening,
and by eight it has four white petals spread
out around a firm white bud. Thus it re-
mains until half past three in the morning,

72
when the whole flower bursts into full
bloom. It thus remains spread for about

fifteen minutes; by six o’clock it is entirely
closed, and is already retreating into the
water. There are several other kinds in
South America of unknown, but probably
similar, habits. They are only likely to
appeal to the night watchman.

THE GIANT VICTORIAS

The queen of all the water-lily tribe, if not
of the whole vegetable world, is the wonderful
night-blooming Victoria. Everyone should
know its gigantic saucer-shaped leaves.
They are often six feet across, perfectly cir-
cular in outline, with the margin turned up,
four to eight inches at right angles to the
water surface. Each leaf is a veritable boat,
with capacity to float the weight of a man.
The under side of. the leaf presents a mar-
velous network of girder-like veins for the
support of the giant structure. A strong
plant should have three or four such leaves
in perfect condition at one time.

The flower is no less remarkable. It
floats on the water, and regularly reaches
twelve to eighteen inches in diameter. In
appearance it is a huge and very double
water-lily. The numerous petals are delicate,
almost like chiffon, and spread out widely
in every direction. In spite of its size, there
is nothing coarse about it. Let us watch
one open. About four o’clock in the after-
noon, the great brown prickly bud looks very
forbidding. Soon a most delicious fragrance
assails our nostrils; it speaks of apples,
peaches, pineapples—what a friend of mine
would call a ‘‘symphony” of scents. We
look and see that the pale petals are showing
through four crevices in Victoria’s bud. As
evening advances the great creamy blossom
opens fully, and the odor becomes almost

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
oppressive. Next morning, about nine

o’clock, the flower closes. The second even-
ing it opens an hour or two earlier than before.
It has lost all of its scent, but has assumed
a pink color. On the second morning it
looks half wilted, and during the day it de-
scends slowly into the water. The Victoria
blooms almost continuously after it once gets
started. But it requires a long season and
a good deal of heat.

It is in respect to cultivation that the two
species of Victoria are most readily distin-
guished. ‘The royal water-lily (V. regia), can
scarcely be managed without continuous
artificial heat. Its seeds germinate best at
about go° F. ‘Tricker’s Victoria (V.Cruz-
zana, known in the trade as V. Trickeri,) is
nearly as easy to grow as the tender water-
lilies. Its seeds germinate best at 65° to 75°
F. Sown in January or February, good
plants can be had for the summer. It is
desirable to have artificial heat in the pond,
so the plants can be set out in May. If the
water is maintained at 80° to 85° F., the
plants should flower in July. It will do very
well, however, to set out large plants of
Tricker’s variety in the middle of June (at
Philadelphia), in a shallow, sheltered, sunny
pond. ‘Though the plant is perennial in its
native haunts, it is not practicable for us to
winter the mature specimens. It is always
treated in gardens as an annual. V. Cruz-
zana often comes up in the ponds at Riverton,
N. J., from stray seeds of the previous season.
Such plants bloom in late August and Sep-
tember, but do not ripen seed.

Nearly allied to Victoria is the Gorgon
plant (Eurvyale ferox), of Indo-China. It
has small flowers whose royal blue petals
make a brilliant contrast with the red inner
surface of the sepals. ‘The flowers, however,
are not often seen, and sometimes do not open

A Rare Early Lily Growing Ten Feet

PLANTING EREMURUS BEFORE SEPTEMBER lst IS THE SECRET OF SUCCESSFUL CULTIVATION

F THE more unusual plants of the
hardy border in early summer com-
mend me to the eremurus. ‘The plants are
not often seen because they are both ex-
pensive and somewhat difficult to grow. At
all events, many people say so but others
again say they can grow Eremurus robustus
(the best of the family) with great ease if one
or two little details are considered.

Of prime importance, perhaps, is this rule:
Plant in August, and positively not later than
September 1st. The dealers who have had
most experience always refuse orders for
delivery at a later date than that.

The peculiar, almost weird fact of this
strong sturdy spike bursting through the
ground in the earliest days of spring, and
growing apace until it reaches a height of as
much as ten feet in extreme cases (an average
height under ordinary cultivation is six to
eight feet) is indescribable. The individual
flowers, which clothe the spike for more than
half its length, have a diameter of about one

and one-half inches, and are of a pale pinkish
lilac color. The plant is allied to the as-
phodels and St. Bruno’s lily, but may well
be likened to a huge hyacinth, in which the
flowers, instead of being bell-shaped are
flatly expanded, very much like those of the
Star of Bethlehem.

Flowering at the end of May, this giant
flower-spike, standing with all the character
and dignity of the hollyhock (which comes
into notice later in the season) is especially
valuable in the garden because it so overtops
everything around it. The flowers open in
succession, from the bottom of the spike,
and the whole period of bloom occupies two
or three weeks. After flowering, both the
spike aad leaves disappear, leaving nothing
to be seen above the ground, and the roots
should therefore be put out where there is
litle likelihood of their being injured during
summer cultivation.

With so expensive a plant (costing not less
than $2 for a four year old flowering size

SEPTEMBER, 1906

at all. The leaves are circular, two or three
feet across, without any upturned border.
It is cultivated like Victoria Cruziana, but is
more hardy.

KEY TO THE TENDER NIGHT-BLOOMING
WATER-LILIES

Leaves with upturned margins— Victoria
Sepals smooth above V. Cruziana
Sepals prickly to the tip V. regia

Leaf margins not turned up—
Leaf peltate, entire (not cleft)
Leaf cleft on one side

Leaf margin smooth
Leaf margin sharply toothed

Euryale ferox
Nymphaea

N. Amazonum
Lotos group

Flowers pure white—
Petals spreading flat
N. dentata and varieties

Cup-shaped N. Lotus
Flowers pink—
Delicate pinkish white; cup-shaped Jubilee
Blush pink; cup-shaped Smithiana
Light pink; opening flat delicatissima
Pure pink; cup-shaped Deaniana
Pink to red; cup-shaped Kewensis
Pink; cup-shaped Sturtevantii
Flowers red—
Magenta; 10-12 in. across Omarana
Red; 6-10 in. across Devoniensis
Red; 6 in. across Columbiana

Geo. Huster
F. Trelease

Deep red; 8-10 in. across
Crimson; 9-10 in. across

The differences between the water-lilies of
the lotos group are too slight to express by
an analytic key. I never could do better
than to arrange them in a linear series accord-
ing to the color of the flower. Indeed, of the
hybrid Kewensis it is positively stated that
but one plant was raised originally, and it
died without leaving any progeny. What
we now know as Kewensis, therefore, bears
the name only by courtesy. It is a new cross
which came out so nearly like its predecessor
as to be horticulturally the same.

Long
Island

High—By E. V. W.

root) one needs take a little extra care in
setting out. Select a situation that is thor-
oughly well drained, and facing the south.
The root itself consists of a crown, with a
great number of radiating, fleshy roots, as
thick as an ordinary lead pencil, the whole
thing looking like a gigantic, many-legged
spider, perhaps eighteen inches across.
These roots are extremely brittle, and need
careful handling, much the same way as we
plant four-year-old asparagus roots, in an
ample hole, having a slightly elevated centre.
Carefully work the soil in among the roots
when planting, and set so as to have the top
of the crown about two inches below the
surface of the soil.

When winter approaches, a very light
mulch of litter to prevent alternate thawing
and freezing is necessary.

When growth begins in early spring, in
order to save the growing spike from injury
by frost, it should be covered during cold
snaps and every night by a box.

THE PALE PINK FLOWERS OF EREMURUS APPEAR IN MAY
drained soil and give a very light mulch

September Ist is the latest date for planting the roots of this mammoth of the lily family. Select a well
of litter in winter. Protect the growing tip from late frosts in spring. E. robustus grows eight to ten feet high

A Garden of Pink Flowers—By Helen R. Albee foie

THE FIRST ARTICLE IN A SERIES OF ‘‘COLOR STUDIES’’ EMPHASIZING THE ABUNDANCE OF PLANTS FROM WHICH
A HARDY BORDER CAN BE MADE TO SUIT ONE’S FANCY, RATHER THAN HAVING A HARLEQUIN JUMBLE OF COLOR

[8 ARRANGING my garden I have adop-

ted a color scheme by which pink, red,
blue and yellow flowers are planted separate-
ly and by a careful selection of plants it is
possible to have a continuous bloom of the
same color throughout the season. With all
of these white flowers are used to harmonize
the colors.

This garden is in the White Mountains of
New Hampshire and the dates recorded are
for that region only, although, owing to its
peculiarly sheltered location, the season is
usually as advanced. as in the latitude of
Boston. The first spring flower appears
about the 2oth of April and the season ends
usually by the middle of October.

Special attention has been given with ref-
erence to the time and length of blooming
and relative height of plants, which are set
quite close together, seldom more than four
inches apart. This secures a loose mass of
color to which the natural foliage makes an
excellent background. While the earlier
plants are in flower the later ones are still
of low growth, and these early ones are cut
to the ground as soon as they have bloomed
to make room for the later plants.

Cutting off the coarse lower leaves
of the perennials not only economizes
space, but also induces earlier flowering.
The common red campion (Lychnis dioica,
var yvosea), which flowers throughout
the season, has lower leaves which nor-
mally spread over an area of eignteen inches.
If these are stripped off, six inches of space will
suffice. Hollyhocks, foxgloves, bell-flowers,

and Incarvillea are also amenable to this
treatment.
The earliest flowers of spring are from the

bulbs. I buy in named varieties, and find
the most pleasing of the hyacinths are Maria
Cornelia (single), and Lord Wellington,
(double); of the tulips, Rose Luisante, and
Rose Aplati, (single), and Couronne des
Roses (double), give best results. All
these varieties are entirely hardy, but
I give them a little mulch in the late
autumn. Following the bulbs comes the
the moss pink (Phlox subulata).

A PINK FORGET-ME-NOT

One of the earliest plants to flower is the
pale pink forget-me-not (Myosotis alpestris,
var. rosea). ‘There is a popular idea that
blue is the forget-me-not color, but there are
also pink and white varieties. This pink
variety blooms the second year from seed, and
is perennial. It also self-sows. The plant is
bushy, with flower-stalks twelve inches long.
It is an excellent border plant, and can be
multiplied easily by division of the root. If
the flowers are cut freely, the plant will con-
tinue to bloom throughout May and June.
Still later bloom can be had by cutting off the
early buds of some plants. When a plant is
thus thwarted in its normal season, though
the time of blooming may be controlled, in a
measure, yet it is at the expense of size. For
instance, if you nip out the tops of the per-
ennial phlox when the plants are not more
than eight inches high, you retard the bloom-
ing two weeks. You also get a branching
growth, but the flower heads, as well as the
individual flowers, will be smaller.

The most graceful of all the pink flowers is
the columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris), growing
from one to three feet high. Its gracefully
cut foliage alone is attractive. The nodding

The old cosmos often does not flower before frost kills it. The newer ‘‘early hybrids” flower in July, but are
even more tender, and do not grow so tall

7A

-double Clarkia.

The most graceful flower of early summer is the colum-
bine. The single varieties are preferred

flowers two inches across that resemble a
little circle of cups with long curved spurs
are carried on tall stalks. Exact colors are
hard to reproduce from seed, as columbines
are cross-fertilized by bees. From a small
package of seeds taken from a pale
lavender colored plant I secured at least
six shades of pink, old rose and red. There-
fore it is necessary in following a color scheme
to grow the young plants elsewhere, trans-
planting them in the early autumn after you
know their colors. Free cutting prolongs
the season of bloom from May through July.

THE STATELIEST FLOWER OF ALL

The handsomest June flowers are the
peonies, which come in all tones of pink.
They should be planted out in September.

Do not omit the old Sweet William (Dzan-
thus barbatus). Once having secured a de-
sired color, give the plant plenty of room to
spread and divide the roots. With free cut-
ting Sweet William blooms until frost.

A favorite among the annuals is the
It grows two feet high, the
slender stalk bearing numerous double
flowers of pale or deep pink, one and one-
half inches across. It recalls the double bal-
sam, but lacks the superabundant foliage of
that plant. Beginning toward the end of
June, it blooms for six weeks.

A superior form of the German catchfly
(Lychnis Viscaria, var. splendens), is pre-
ferred over the type because of its brighter
color. The plant makes a low tuft of slender
leaves from which arise many long stems sur-
mounted by raceme-like clusters of bright
rose-pink flowers. ‘This is a perennial, is
easily produced from seed, and blooms
through June and July.

A WEALTH OF POPPIES

July is rich in pink flowers that continue
to bloom until frost. Without question the

1906

SEPTEMBER,

In the improved strains of zinnia there are pure pink
colors which are welcome in early fall

most beautiful of all are the poppies. Par-
ticularly do I like the annual Shirley
poppies (Papaver Rheas, var. Shirley),
with a daily succession of flowers, meas-
uring often three inches across, in shades of
pink ranging from blush white with pink
margins to a deep rose. If seed is sown in
autumn, plants begin to bloom in June,
and are over in a month; but from seed
sown the end of April flowers are to be had
by the first week of July.

The peony-flowered form of the opium
poppy (P. somniferum, var. paeonieflorum)
is an annual of very different habit, its
large double flower of smooth-edged petals
resembling a peony. It is a sturdy plant
from three to four feet in height, with bold
recurving notched leaves, and bearing from
three to six flowers on long stems. It is much
more showy than the Shirley poppy, and the
flower lasts several days, whereas the Shirley
drops ina day. Some of the peony poppies
have a tufted centre, and an encircling collar
of large outside or guard petals. All poppies
require a rich, light soil, moisture and full
exposure to the sun.

Of the midsummer flowers the pink Can-
terbury bells (Campanula medium), single
and double, are the most striking. They
grow two feet high, and bloom practically the
entire second season. ‘The flowers are bell
shape, two inches long, and last for a
week. The first ones appear at the bottom
of the flower stalk, and by the time the top-

-most buds are in bloom, the plant begins to
flower again from lateral branches at the
bottom, thus keeping up a curious succes-
sion. The single varieties are the more
beautiful.

THE EARLIEST COSMOS

Those who have become discouraged over
the tall cosmos will be glad to learn of the
newer “‘early hybrids” which grow three feet
high and have large, pale rose-pink flowers re-
sembling anemones. Planted by the first of

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

May, this variety begins to bloom by the first
of July when only a few inches high, and
continues to branch, throwing out clusters
of flowers at the end of long stems until the
plant becomes quite a large bush.

The mammoth variety is so late in blossom-
ing that in many places it is killed by frost
while still in bud. The early variety is a
little less hardy.

One wonders why the perennial pea
(Lathyrus latifolius), a hardy perennial vine,
which makes a heavy growth of many vines
four to five feet long from a single root, is so
little known. While it resembles the sweet pea
to a certain extent the clusters of deep pink
blossoms are more numerous, larger, and
more showy, but they lack fragrance. The
seed pods should be removed as soon as
formed, to insure a profusion of bloom

Mee

Sie
Dahlia A. D. Livoniis pure pink and very free flower-
ing. One of the best of its class

from July until frost. It needs a stout
support.

Four other flowers that produce unusually
fine effects in July are the hollyhock, single
and double, pale pink to deep rose; sweet
peas; annual phlox; and a pink variety of
the cornflower (Centaurea Cyanus).

In August when the full heat arrives all the
pink flowers named as flowering in July are
still with us. To these are added:

The large, mallow-like flowers of Lavatera
trimestris, three inches across and borne on a
bush three feet high are, to my mind,among
the most beautiful flowers of the whole sea-
son. They are of a lovely shell pink, deli-
cately veined with carmine and _ broadly
funnel shaped. The abundant foliage fur-
nishes a fine contrast to the pink blossoms,
which are produced until frost.

A plant of rare beauty is the imperial
branching larkspur, a hardy annual one foot
high literally covered with upright panicles of
rose-pink spurred flowers. It withstands

75

early frosts, and remains fresh two weeks
after cutting.

Other August flowers that are particularly
fine are the perennial phlox and the dahlia,
of which there are many beautiful pink vari-
eties. I have not grown them for want of
sufficient space—but they are among the best
of ornamental plants for autumn flowering.

WHEN THE GLADIOLUS ARRIVES

The most attractive flower which is added
in September is the gladiolus (Lemoine’s
hybrids, mixed pink shades; also America).
The spikes begin to bloom at the base, and
the flowers continue fresh so long that usually
the spike is in bloom to the tip before the
lower flowers fade.

The gladiolus requires a rich light
soil and much sun and moisture. The bulbs
should be planted at least four inches deep,
about the first of May. To carry the bulbs
over for another year lift the plants after the
first light frosts in autumn—but before the
ground freezes; cut off the tops, and let the
bulbs dry in the sun before packing them
away for the winter in a place where they
will not freeze.

Among the few late flowers left to adorn
the garden in October is the zinnia. There
is a new variety of the curled and
crested zinnia (Z. crispa, var. flore-pleno)
which grows three feet high and begins
to bloom in midsummer, reaching perfection
in September and early October. It has a
branching habit, and bears large flat heads of
salmon, pale rose, and a deeper rose-pink.
This improved strain is very different from
the stiff old fashioned magenta zinnia in that
the petals are longer and curling, the heads
larger, and the colors are really beautiful.

Last of all come the chrysanthemums
whose arrival foretells the frost. They are the

conminp ps

The pink variety of the Canterbury bell blooms through-

out the season. Excellent for cutting

The old fashioned singie hollyhock finds especial fav-
or because of its stately appearance and pure color

last effort of the garden here, as also in regions
farther south.

PINK POSSIBILITIES

Here is a wealth of material from which
you may select for a pink garden. I have
made a personal trial of them all. In order-
ing be careful to choose pure pink varieties
with no solferino tone.

FLOWERING IN APRIL

German catchfly
. Ten week stock

Lychnis viscaria, var. splendens 14
Matthiola incana, var.annua 2

HEIGHT
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME IN FEET
P. Hyacinth * H yacinthus orientalis I
P. Tulip * Tulipa suaveolens I
FLOWERING IN MAY
S. Wild rosemary Andromeda polifolia 2
P. Columbine Aquilegia vulgaris 3
S. Rhodora Azalea Canadensis 3
P. Bleeding heart Dicentra spectabilis 2
P. Gas plant Dictamnus spectabilts, var.
rubra 2
P. Eremurus Eremurus robustus 8
P. Alpine campion _ Lychnis alpina I
P. Forget-me-not Myosotis alpestris, var. rosea 1
P. Moss Pink Phlox subulata 4
S. Flowering almond Prunus Faponica, var. flore-
pleno 5
S. Double flowering Pyrus angustifolia, var. flore-
crab-apple pleno 10
FLOWERING IN JUNE
B. Allegheny vine}. Adlumia cirrhosa ie)
P. Thrift Armeria plantaginea 3
S. Smooth azalea Azalea arborescens 4
A. Feathered coxcomb Celosia argentea 2
P. Pyrethrum ~ Chrysanthemum coccineum,
var. grandiflorum 13
A. Clarkia Clarkia elegans 2
P. California rose + — Convolvulus Faponicus 15
P. Sweet William Dianthus barbatus 14
B. Heddewig’s pink Dianthus Chinensis, var.
Heddewigi I
B. Japanese pink Dianthus Chinensis, var.
salmonius flore-pleno I
P. Maiden pink Dianthus deltoides I
P. Pheasant’s eye Dianthus plumarius, var.
Cyclops I
B. Foxglove Digitalis purpurea 4
P. Incarvillea Incarvillea Delavayi 3
A. Tall morning glory Ipom@a purpurea 10
P. Ragged-robin Lychnis Flos-cuculi, var.
plenissima I
P.
A
P. Peony Paonia officinalis, var. rosea 3
S. Double flowering Prunus Persica, var. cam-

peach ellieflora plena 4
P. Oriental poppy = Papaver orientale, var.

Salmon queen 2

S. Rose acacia Robinia hispida 8
S. Sweet brier rose Rosa rubiginosa 6
§. Universal favorite Rosa Wichuraiana, var.

rose F Universal Favorite 20
P. Autumn catchfly Silene Schafta $

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

P. Tunica Tunica Saxifraga I

P. Queen of the Ulmaria rubra, var. venusta 8
prairie

P. Jupiter’s beard Centranthus ruber 3

FLOWERING IN JULY

A. Sand verbena Abronia umbellata, var.
grandiflora 14
P. Hollyhock Althea rosea 5
A. Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus, var.
Niobe I
A. China Aster Callistephus hortensis 1%
B. Canterbury bell Campanula Medium 2
A. Cornflower Centaurea Cyanus, var. 3
P. Crown vetch Coronilla varia 14
A. California poppy Eschscholzia Californica, var.
carminea I
A. Gilia Gilia dianthoides 4
A. Balsam Impatiens Balsamina 2
S. Mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia 4
P. Perennial peat~ Lath yrus latifolius 5
A. Sweet pea T Lathyrus odoratus, var.
Katherine Tracy 5
A. Rose of Heaven Lychnis celt-rosea I
A. Mallowwort Malope trifida, var. grandi-
flora 3
A, Satin flower Cnothera amena I
A. Peony poppy Papaver somniferum, var.
peoniaflorum 2
A. Shirley poppy Papaver Rheas, var. Shirley 1%
A. Annual phlox Phlox Drummondit I
P. Obedient plant Physoste gia Virginiana 3
S. Great laurel Rhododendron. maximum 8
B. Centaury Sabbatia cam pestris I
A. Soapwort Saponaria Calabrica I
* A. Butterfly flower Schizanthus Wisetonensis 2
A. Sweet William Silene Armeria I
catchfly
S. Purple-tipped Spiraea faponica, var.
spirea superba 4
A. Tridax Tridax bicolor 14
A. Verbena Verbena hybrida 2
FLOWERING IN AUGUST
A. Mist flower A geratum Lasseauxit 2
P. Dahlia Dahlia A. D. Livoni 5
A. Larkspur Delphinium A jacis 14
A. Lavatera Lavatera trimestris 3
P. Perennial phlox Phlox paniculata 2
A. Palafoxia Polypteris Hookeriana 2
P. Bouncing Bet Saponaria officinalis 1%
A. Sweet Scabious Scabiosa atropurpurea 2
FLOWERING IN SEPTEMBER
P. Japanese anemone Anemone Faponica
P. Pompon Chrysan- Chrysanthemum Indicum 2
themum
A. Cosmos Cosmos bipinnatus, var.
Early hybrid 3
P. Gladiolus * Gladiolus Childsii 3
A. Youth-and-old-age Zinnia elegans 3

Nore—tThe initial letters in front of each name indicate
the duration of the plant: d—annual; B—biennial; P—perennial;
S-shrub.

Plants marked * are bulbs;
trailer.

the + indicates a vine or

Gorgeous masses of pink in the earliest springtime.
The moss pink (Phlox subulata)

SEPTEMBER, 1906

Easily Made Pickles

ps may be divided into sweet,
sour, salt or dill, mustard, chow chow
and catsup. Sweet pickles are usually made
from fruit such as peaches, green pears,
tomatoes, watermelon rind, citron etc.

They are made—giving a general rule
which must at times be varied—by placing the
fruit after being prepared into boiling brown
sugar and vinegar to which have been added
spices. The fruit is boiled but a short time
for peaches, longer for watermelon rind,
then placed in jars or stone crocks and the
boiling hot syrup poured over them; for
three successive mornings the syrup should
be drained off, reboiled and poured over the
fruit.
I “dodged” when I first made sweet pickles.
Now the re-boiling comes as a matter of course
and my sweet pickles are one of our favorite
dishes. Watermelon rind is the most eco-
nomical for the watermelon’s overcoat is
otherwise a waste commodity. Sour pickles
are usually thought of as small cucumbers,
“mixed’’ pickles having an addition of
cauliflower, onions and beans. ‘There are
many more, however, and some of them worth
trying, for instance pearl onions, martynias,
young black walnuts, nasturtium seed,
lemons, Jerusalem artichokes, green toma-
toes. Many of these first require to be soaked
in brine—that term in pickle language in-
variably means salt and water strong enough
to float an egg. The article to be pickled
is placed in the brine for a specified time,
then removed, goes through various opera-
tions of washing and wiping; then is put into
boiling spiced vinegar or has the fluid poured
over it. Mustard pickles have a mixture
of vinegar, sugar, flour, and mustard poured
upon them after they have been through the
brine.

Chow chow, or piccallili is a concoction
of chopped green tomatoes, celery, onions,
cabbage and peppers, to which is added
sugar, vinegar and spices; the whole boiled
slowly until tender. We consider it without
parallel in the sour pickle line. Under
this same head comes an uncooked pickle
that is fine and very easy to make; it consists
of cabbage, red and green pepper chopped
fine, to which is added various spices.

Catsup consists of ripe red tomatoes,
peppers, garlic or onions, vinegar and spices
and sometimes sugar. This is cooked
slowly, strained and bottled. There are
surely few things which can take the place
of catsup with cold meat.

Long Island E. L. FULLERTON.

It sounds like an awful lot of work and ~

SEPTEMBER, 1906

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE 77

10 White Freesias
*2 Chinese Sacred Lillies

There were only 3 bulbs in this bowl, which produced 51 flowers and 198
leaves ; 27 of the flowers were double.

customers for 28 years.

A WILD GARDEN

With charming wild Ferns, Lady’s Slippers, Wood Violets, Trilliums, Anem-
ones, and other wild flowers of woodland and meadow will bring rare delight to
your home grounds or camp. We have special collections of ferzs on pages 9 and
10 of our catalogue for dark shady places and open sun, dry and wet, large and
small rockeries; also Bog- Plants, several of which will thrive indoors, including the
wonderful DION ZA or Venus Fly Trap which catches insects; dainty Gentians
and Lobelias for planting by brooksides.

AUTUMN
is a good time to put them out. A large part of our nursery is given over to the
growing of the best ferns, orchids and wild flowers taken from nature, best suited
for cultivation. Grown in cold New England, they are perfectly hardy. We have
been studying and growing this class of plants for 25 years and shall be glad to
help you in your selection.

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS
We grow many thousands of these including the old garden sorts, like Fox-
glove, Larkspurs, Lilies, Garden Heliotrope, etc. The new and dainty colors of
hybrid phlox and single peonies, etc.

SHRUBS

We grow in some quantity the shrubs suited for this climate, including several
adapted for dark shady places; several are particularly useful in hedge work like
Berberis Thunbergii, Rosa rugosa and Cal. Privet.

Send for our illustrated descriptive catalogue of over
50 pages which tells much about this class of plants.

EDW. GILLETT, SOUTHWICK, MASS.

FLOWERS FoR THANKSGIVING
AND CHRISTMAS

Y using a little foresight now you can have exquisite flowers in abundance for Thanksgiving and
Christmas. The following collection of bulbs if planted early in September will flower in the
window by Thanksgiving, and by keeping some back or planting in succession, continuous

bloom can be had every day until New Year’s, and in fact flowers can be had during the entire
winter. ‘The growing of these is simple. “Dutch” bulbs when received should be put in the cellar

or some dark place for several weeks to induce good root growth, then brought to the light when
they will flower in a few weeks.

list below, do not require this treatment, but should be put in the light at once. We offer our

ONE DOLLAR TRIUMPH COLLECTION

of Choice Bulbs for Growing in the Window Garden

NOTE.—Those marked with a * can be raised in water.

Price includes FREE delivery by mail or express.

ROSE PINK GARDEN FOR INDOOR PLANTING

Each Per Doz, Per 100 Each Per Doz. Per 100
Res Romet avec 5 We ays * Mg Brodie Volubilis Rosea - O5c. 20c. $1.25
ose Vutch Fiyacint 7 Amaryllis Belladonna, Rose 15 1.25 10.00
] 0 2 :
Heenan ye DeaiGhi es yO = AZ) IC
3 ET Rose Cyclamen Giant bloom 10 1.00 7.09 1 Pkt. Seed, Winter Flowering
CHINESE SACRED Rose MariposaTulip,Pink Butterly05 20 1.10 Stock, Rose Color 10

You can select from the above for $1.00 value of $1.15; for $2.00 value of $2.25

We can also make up WHITE, Yellow, and Blue Gardens for indoor and OUTDOOR planting.
OUR SPECIALTY—ZJmports from Japan. Since 1877 we have imported and supplied from Japan: Iris Kaeempferi, Paonias, Azaleas, Lily bulbs, etc,
Our 28th Annual Fall Catalogue gives a full description of all Fall bulbs, plants and seeds and accurate CULTURAL directions as to time,

soil, treatment, etc. [t is a PLAIN, simple catalogue, without much show, but our goods speak for themselves and have pleased our

H. H. BERGER & CO., 47 Barclay Street, NEW YORK CITY

The “Cape” bulbs, which include the Freesias and Oxalis in the

*=4 Golden Yellow Trumpet Narcissus
* 2 White Calla Ethiopica
*4 Early White Roman Hyacinths

2 Pure White Bermuda Trumpet Lilles
* 4 Paper White Narcissus
6 Oxalis

Half the collection for sixty cents.

We have also made up the following:

“Worth All the Gas Lights Ever Made”

‘«It is difficult to find wordsto express our pleasure and satisfac-
tion with The Angle Lamp,’’ writes Mr. P. B. Leavanworth, Grand
Rapids, Minn. ‘It is certainly the greatest illuminator ever made.
Our neighbors thought we must have a gas plant, but we consider
our lamp is worth all the gas or gasoline lights ever made.’’

The Angle Lamp is the zew method of burning common kerosene oil, and is as different
from the ordinary lamps in results as it is in appearance. It makes common kerosene the best,

the cheapest, and most satisfactory of all lighting methods. Safer and more reliable than gaso-
line or acetylene, yet as convenient to operate as gas or electricity.

THE ANGLE LAMP

is lighted and extinguished like gas. May be turned high or low without odor. No smoke, no
danger. Filled while lighted and without moving. Requires filling but once or twice a week.
It floods a room with its beautiful, soft, mellow light that has no equal. WRITE FOR OUR
CATALOG ‘‘41” and our proposition for a

30 DAYS FREE TRIAL

Write for our catalog “‘4r,”’ listing 32 varieties of The Angle Lamp from $1.80 up, now—before
you turn this leaf—forit gives you the benefit of our ten years’ experience with a/ lighting methods.

THE ANGLE MEG. CO., 70-80 Murray St., N.Y.

e}

TE GeAGRoD) aN MEAG rAC Zale:

“J

SEPTEMBER, 1906

until the snow flies before you begin to realize how nice it would be if you had

built that greenhouse along in August so that your flowers would all be in bloom
for Christmas, and your vegetables in their out-of-season deliciousness, served with
merited pride to your guests.

U-BAR GREENHOUSES
ARE THE BEST GREENHOUSES TO BUILD

because they grow the best things, grow them better and quicker than any other house. Better
and quicker because of their near approach to actual outdoor conditions, giving to the plant more
light than any other house. They are not only the lightest, but the most attractive and enduring
house — the only house with the curved eave line.

Weare the sole makers of U-Bar houses. Send for our new catalog.

PIERSON U-BAR COMPANY
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS
U-BAR GREENHOUSES

Metropolitan Building 4th Avenue and 23rd Street

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHrips in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

New York

arp, « DID Fashioned
jPlants Flower Gardens

including Phloxes, Bell-Flowers, Larkspurs, Poppies, Peonies,
Iris, Garden Pinks, Day Lilies, etc. Also fine collection of
novelties. Catalogue on application.

FREDERIC J. REA

Norwood, Mass.

Evergreens Grown
in New England

Are better and hardier than those grown further South. August and
September are the best months for planting, the percentage of loss
being less than in Spring or late Fall.

Blue Spruce, Concolor Firs, Hemlocks, White, Austrian and
Scotch Pines, Retinisporas, Thuyas, Junipers and many other rare
conifers in all sizes and quantities at lowest prices considering the
quality.

HARDY PERENNIALS

We have the largest and most varied stock of field and pot-grown
plants in America.

We also offer pot-grown Sirawhberries Dutch Bulbs and Lilies.

PLANTING SUGGESTIONS and detailed advice sent by
mail without expense to our customers, and we solicit correspondence
on all questions relating to selection or arrangement of Plants.

TWENTY YEARS EXPERIENCE in this work enables us

to give the most valuable advice both as to economy and best results.

Summer Catalogue of Evergreens now ready.

Address Dept. B

SHADY HILL NURSERY COMPANY

Bedford, Massachusetts

Canning and Cooking Tomatoes

6 eee principal part of the nutritive quality
of the tomato is contained in the juice,
therefore the practice of drawing off the
juice, in order to have more solid packed
tomatoes in canning is to be condemned.

The best way to can tomatoes is simply
to pack them without peeling into wide-
mouthed Jars, half fill the jars with cold water;
put the jars in a large saucepan, or the wash
boiler, with water to reach half-way up the
jars, bring the water to the boiling point,
boil half an hour, take out the jars, fill them
to overflowing with boiling water, and seal.
By this means you get all the value of the
tomato. Should you have tomatoes left over
after a meal, don’t throw them away, but
can them. Just a jar at a time will do after
a meal, while you are washing your dishes,
and in a remarkably short time you will have
a goodly array for a “‘rainy day.” The
green ones can also be made into jam. They
are better than the red for this purpose.

I give recipes here for the two favorite
dishes in our family: baked or scalloped, and
stuffed tomatoes.

Baked tomatoes: Remove the skins; this
can be done by scalding; slice thickly, spread
a layer in the bottom of a well-buttered
baking dish, cover with a layer of bread
crumbs and small pieces of butter, sprinkle
with pepper and salt. Repeat these layers
until the dish is quite full, cover with fine
bread crumbs or fine cracker crumbs. Bake
about an hour in a moderate oven.

Stuffed tomatoes: For this dish you must
select large, round, smooth tomatoes—about
six. Put them, stalk end down, in a baking
pan. Cut a thin slice from the smooth end
of each; take out all the pulp and juice
you possibly can without spoiling the shape
of the tomato. Then mix the pulp and juice
with bread crumbs, chopped ham or chicken,
and salt, pepper, a little butter and half a
teaspoonful of onion juice; fill each tomato
with the mixture, put the tops back, and bake
about three-quarters of an hour. This makes
a nice supper or luncheon dish.

Tomatoes are used in so many different
ways—raw, out of the hand, like an apple;
sliced, also raw; cooked in a variety of ways,
and for soup, canned and preserved—that
any style can be used for one or other of the
purposes. Each one to his taste. The
colors vary considerably from purple red
to pale pink, also yellow.

The yellow tomato we have tried, and
found it almost entirely without the “‘to-
matoey”’ flavor, too mild and sweet, and it
made a poor soup. There is, I think, a de-
ficiency of acid in them.

There are also cluster tomatoes called
currant and cherry. ‘They are very small,
and not much used. ‘These small tomatoes
are used principally for pickles and preserves
and they keep their shape well in canning.
They are useful also for decorative purposes.

Green tomatoes need not be ripened at
all—they are very good as pickles or jam.
They are fine dipped in egg and bread crumbs
and fried. They make an excellent dish to
serve with chops, steak, or ham.

New York E. M. BARRon.

SEPTEMBER, 1906

TOWNSEND

TOWNSEND GAVE TO THE WORLD

The Ball-Bearing Lawn Mower

His mowers are more imitated than

any others.

We make more high-grade mowers
| than any other firm and they are all
ball-bearing.

We make the best Lawn Mower in

the world.

We make the best Horse Lawn

Mower in the world.
We makethe best Roller Mower in

the world.
We repair and sharpen all kinds of
Mowers.
S. P. TOWNSEND & CO., - Orange, N. J.

Rife Automatic
Hydraulic Ram

(Water Pumped by Water Power)

No Attention No Expense
Runs Continuously

Country Homes Formal Gardens
Farms Town Plants Irrigation
Railroad Tanks Dairies, Etc.

5000inOperation 80% efficiency developed
Catalog and Estimate Free

RIFE ENGINE CO., 2109 Trinity Bldg., New York

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

MENNENS

Borated Talcum

The Mennen Caddie
offers instant relief from chaps
and skin rcughness which keen /
fall winds bring tooutof door folks. &

MENNEN’S BORATED

TALCUM POWDER

soothes and heals all chafing and
chapping, and is put up in non-
refillable box—Mennen’s face on
the coyer guaranteesit’s genuine.
For sale everywhere, or by
mail for 25 cts.

GERHARD
MENNEN CO.
a\ Newark, N.J.
rz Try Men-
nen’s Violet
Talcum
Powder.”

aie

ah

iH y t

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The Harvest Will Be Certain

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save small sums, and assure yourself, or family, a substantial income at a later date,
when most needed.

Every year The Prudential is paying out Millions of Dollars of Life Insurance to
policyholders who are reaping the Harvest of their forethought. This money is being
used to support families, educate children, furnish business capital and provide incomes.

You wish to reap the BEST harvest for yourself? Write The Prudential to-day.
It has something interesting to tell you. Address Dept. 15

THE PRUDENTIAL

INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA

incorporated as a Stock Company by the State of New Jersey

JOHN F. DRYDEN. President Home Office. NEWARK. N. J.

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The Bath

with running water in every room is among the |

luxuries of city life, but it is easily within reach
| of every man of moderate means dwelling in a
country cottage; a green lawn, a fresh and grow-

iW,

ing garden, sprinkled driveways, water in the
stable—in fact, all those comforts which follow an

abundant supply of water freely used, are enjoyed }

j by the owner of a

Hot-Air Pump

It is a sure supply and independent of the wind,
and as representing the most perfect type of auto- |
matic pump has been installed in the palaces of
King Edward VII, the Khedive of Egypt and in
the homes of very many of the most prominent citi-

zens of the United States. A Hot-Air Pump is a
permanent investment which will outlast a genera-
tion; one can now be bought as low as $108.
Descriptive catalogue ‘‘U’’ sent free on appli-
cation.

Rider-Ericsson
Engine Co.

35 Warren Street, New York.

239 Franklin Street, Boston.

| 40 Dearborn Street, Chicago.

40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia.

234 Craig Street West, Montreal, P. Q.
22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S. W
Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba.

The Hot-Air Pump

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1906)

Plant Peonies in September

F YOU are intending to plant peonies,

September is the very best time in

the year to do it, for then plants have suffi-

cient time to form new roots before the cold

weather sets in. Peonies start to grow so early

in the spring that it is impossible to suc-
cessfully move them at that season.

Dig out the soil to a depth of 23 or 3 ft.,
and replace it by rich soil from the compost
heap. Do this at least one or two weeks
before planting, so that the soil may settle.
When planting, be sure to get the crown two
inches below the surface of the soil.

Although most peonies may remain in-
definitely without dividing, yet it is better
to divide the plants once in seven or eight
years, for in some varieties the centre dies,
leaving an irregular ring. Now is the time
to do it.

One peony specialist says that the roots
may be divided and moved just as soon after
August 15th as the buds are ripe, and not
later than October 1st. Lift the old root,
remove the old leaf and flower stalks, and
divide it into as many pieces as are wanted,
taking care to see that each piece has a bud.
Should there be some pieces which do not
have buds, plant them by themselves. They
will grow, but not until the second year will
leaves show above the ground.

As soon as planted, water thoroughly,
and see to it that the soil about the roots
always has an abundance of moisture.
When the ground freezes give the roots a
mulch of strawy manure.

New York. Painras NOLTE.

The Californian’s Reminder

HIS is the transplanting month; have

beds well manured and worked over
in which to plant out pansies and stocks, and
sow more seed of each as well as of cosmos,
gypsophila, and sweet peas. This is the
first month for planting Dutch bulbs for
earliest blooming. Native and Australian
tree and shrub seeds may be planted during
September.

A few more sorts of vegetables may be
planted in September than was advisable
during August. The hottest weather is
now past, and we must begin to look forward
to winter crops. The following may be
planted: Beets, beans, cabbage (seeds or
plants of early sorts), carrot, cauliflower
(seeds or plants), kale, kohlrabi, lettuce,
onion (seeds or sets), parsnip, peas, radish,
spinach, turnip. You. should now have
cabbage and cauliflower to transplant.

Los Angeles. ERNEST BRAUNTON.

LISTEN!

VERY HOT SUN
VERY HOT IRONS ~
VERY HOT WATER

damage and fade deli-
cate fabrics—besides,
isn't your COMFORT
worth considering ?

Pearline|

washes perfectly in

COLD or LUKEWARM

Water without Rub-||:

bing or other Soap.||i* : SUL Mo
PEARLINE. makes ane,

Cool washing for hot weather |

The lamp is yet to be made for
which I haven’t made a chimney
that fits.

MacsetTH on lamp-chimneys
means fit and freedom from all
chimney troubles.

A Macsetu chimney doesn’t
break from heat.

My Index gives a fuller explanation of these things
and may be had for the asking. Address,

MACBETH > Pittsburgh.

SEPTEMBER
IN THE
ADIRONDACKS |

No finer place can be found than
the Adirondacks in September.

The air is cool and bracing, the
scenery beautiful and the sense of
perfect rest that comes with the night
is delightful.

This wonderful region is reached
from all directions by the

“America’s Greatest Railroad.”

For a copy of ‘‘The Adirondack Mountains
and How to Reach Them,” send a two-cent
stamp to George H. Daniels, Manager General
Advertising Department, Grand Central Station,
New York,

Cc. F. DALY,
Passenger Traffic Manager,
NEW YORK.

:
££. 1906

PIO CAI IDI INS MONG AZ INA,

Grape Vines

li}
|

| NO garden is complete without a sufficient number of grape vines
} to supply an abundance of this delicious fruit. For 40 years
jwe have been furnishing high-grade vines for this purpose.

|S We will send ten large vines of the best table varieties, including three red,
| three white and four black for $7.00, delivered free. Send fur our elegant
| Lilustrated Descriptive Catalogue and Price-list. It will tell you what and
}how to plant, cultivate and train grape vines, currants, gooseberries end
) other small fruits.

ieee Ue byAGk DD)! CO:

Grape Vine Specialists Freponia, N. Y.

400 Acres in Nursery Stock

Largest in the State of New Jersey.

Large 95-page catalogue free. Write us.

THE ELIZABETH NURSERY CO.
ELIZABETH, N. J.

#2 Indian Basket, 25c.

Hand-woven by Indians in Mexico from
strong palm fibre. Uniquely colored, durable,
us-ful, ornamental. § in. high; fine for den,
sewing room, etc. Warranted genuine. Re-
tails for Sr.oo, but we will send prepaid for
: 25 cents (2 for 44 cents, different designs), as
poses special offer.

Indian Swatiska Pin, 26c.

These pins are solid silver, hand-hammered by Navajo
Indians from coins. Genuine, popular, antique and pretty.
We offer various styles at greaity reduced fq
prices. Swatiska Stick Pin, 3-8 inch plain, :
26 cents; set with turquoise, 35 cents.
| Swatiska Brooch Pin, 9-16 inch, plain, 40
cents; set with turquoise, 50 cents. Swatiska
Ring, all sizes, p!ain, 35 cents; set with
turquoise, 45 cents. For other Swatiska
articles, send for booklet.

Genuine Coral Necklaces, 18c.
Special Half Price Sale

Warranted genuine and made from the best imported rich

color coral. We offer for limited time t! e following sizes at half

eee rezular prices: 14 inch

Necklace, genuine twig or

rough coral with good

clasp, regular 40 cents for

18 cents. Same thing in

Chain 56 inches long, 42

cents. 14inch Necklace of

genuine coral beads, with

good clasp, regular 60

cents, for 28 cents. Same

thing in 56 inch Chain,
84 cents.

To all persons ordering from this advertisement, a copy of our new
8o0-page catalogue of Indian Rugs, Mexican Drawn-work, ana other
In ative handicraft, will be sent free; catalogue to others for 4 cents to
jD ay postaze.

THE FRANCIS E. LESTER COMPANY
DEPT. J-9, MESILLA PARK, N. M

Largest Retailers of Indian aid Mexicin Handicraft in the World

HA DY GA DE 1 Ga ee } HE following are Alnine
i eo, ~ : plants and are indispen-
: ms Hears f es sable for the rockery or
: ‘ the border, wherea low-grow-
FLOWERS No. 8 Rect SS hs : ing plantis wanted:
: a © : ¥ A. A-prnus— Flowers, bright
‘ FES f purple, 8 inches, June.
The chief glory of the garden in : BRE RO ZS: ‘ 7 ier A. Atpinus Arzus—Flowers
the Fall is the riot of color fur- - , en PY 3 pure white, 8 inches, June.
nished by the tumbling, billowy é x : - A. AMELLI Light blue,
masses _ of the asters and golden ey : 3 large, flowering in Aug-
rods. The golden reds fur- se | oy bY : ; F y ust, 12 inches.
nish on'y the yellow, but 2 . ; ; ome 7 NY A. BEssaARApicus—One of
the astershaveeveryshide € S 1 3 “Y ; _ the best purple-flowered
of purple, violet, blue, e > — ee cS = : 1 species, flowers large in
lavender, pink and white. a we © > - ££ é late summer ard early
Because a prophet is not jaalh r eo. ® - ; autumn, 18 inches.
without glory save in his : ; 4 3 : A. Cassupicus— Flowers
own countiy, our native ; y = 3 light lavender, covering the
asters Were never taken seriously ° fi e_aN a plant completely, August, 2 ft.
by American gardeners until they es .% d 4 These are late flowering, fine
became fashionable in England, ae x ‘ for massing shrubberies and
and the big English culuvators : i . . aie, borders.
produced varieties with larger c ay d # A. GRANDIFLORUS — The finest
flowers and purer colors. The B eee q ; of all, flowers often measure 2
hardy garden really needs the D ‘ = E inches in diameter and area
violet of the New England aster a r ‘ 5 ” pretty violet blue, very late
in late summer when all else is , ws flowering, November, 18 to 24
conspiring in the whole gamut of : : ak e : : inches.
yellows; and there is no color ; A. Mme. Soyneuse— Bright,
that is a betier foil to the golden Kis SS rare 3 ~— rosy-lilac, compact grower,
lints. Sats : . : very free bloomer, 15 inches.
We have tried all the kinds in culti- 6 EDU chetose Colores apnEe
vation on both sides ofthe water and > # DS Ow right rose-colored, 4 feet,
offer below a few of the very best. September.
We have others of equal merit for A. Lapy TREVALLYN — Pure
specific purposes, and will gladly tell nd f : f white, September, 2 to 3 feet.
you the relative merits ofany in which ° —ed é oe A. PrarRMICOIDES—Pure white.
Non are interested One beauty of = - - AR 18 inches, August and Sep-
the perennial aster is that they 5
permanent, and so hardy vou Coe Let us help you plan a hardy garden this Fall that will give pp CDF ae ean gees blue, 6
kill them. There is no fuss aiour 42% 0/007" Jrom frost lo frost. We are specialists in hardy feet high, October °
raising them every year f-om seed as 2°76717#@¢S, growing them exciusively—which means superior Pr CES: $1.50 per doz., $
you do with the China Aster, nor are ©*€¢¢#¢7!C€ oF Stock. Send for our 1906 catalogue. ih dr ed ieee AG tae
they snlject to numerous insects and per hundred, except A. Gran-

diseases as are their annual brothers, J. B. KELLER SONS, Rochester, New York. I Me aes per

CARDEN mac ne S

USED FhOM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 23 YEARS.
Sold by Seed Dealers of America.

on Bugs and Blights, etc., to
B. HAMMOND, Fishkill-on=-Hudson, New York.

81

see OG Ss © TT

Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers, Trees and Shrubs
from Insects. Put up in popular packages at popular prices. Write for free pamphlet

Wm, Underwood Co.’s Products !

The report made public by the State Board of
' Health, through the press, declares “Underwood's
{7 LITTLE RED DEVIL BRAND OF DEVILED HAM,
TONGUE, CHICKEN and TURKEY almost wholly muscular
fibre (meat), with spice, QUALITY EXCELLENT.”

A distinction accorded Wm. Underwood Co.'s DEVILED
GOODS ALONE. The report shows ther ABSOLUTE PUR-

ITY and freedom from improper adulterants and preservatives.

Underwood’s Goods are Absolutely Pure
and Honestly Labelled.

The report recommends the Wm. Underwood Co.’s CANNING PLANTS
as MODELS to be copied by others in the same business.

For fifty years their gocds have been used by people who KNOW that
they are deliciously appetizirg and nounshing. A bright college girl said of

Underwood’s Deviled Ham:
‘* Branded with the Devi!, but Fit for the Gods.”’

Sold by all first-class dealers. If your grocer does not sell it, for his name
and 15 cents in stamps, we will send you 1-4 lb. can.
Reprints of this report as made will be mailed by us postpaid upon application.

WM. UNDERWOOD CO. - - -_ Boston, Mass.

J. want you to take asection in your own

hands — discover the wonderful pliability that
makes it lay smooth and cling, despite twisting
winds, warping heat, contracting cold or rotting
dampness. Note the firmness, too, that proves
it can’t ‘‘mush-up” like ordinary, prepared roof-
ings. Examine the rot-proof undercoat of flint,
and then consider the konest, long-fibre wool—
chemically treated—which makes it non-porous,
impervious to driving rains or standing water.

It’s the best fire retardant roof made. Place

a red-hot coal on this free sample and
be convinced of this. Any work-
». man can lay it. It stays—it :
wears. Even acid fumes ‘
won't hurt it.

a *‘We have used your
‘ Rex Flintkote Rooting
, for several years, and have

found it satisfactory in every
respect. Besides having good, last- “©
ing qualities, it is very easily applied, and

it especially resists the ravages of acid, therefore
we have applied it on several chemical plants in
the last two years. As we have full confidence in
this roofing, we would recommend its use on any
roof. [Signed] R.HuGGeEerR & BrRo., Gen’) Con-
tractors and Builders, Montgomery, Ala.’’

Our new red paint is especially adapted to Rex
Flintkote Roofing, and gives artistic effects.
Before you turn this page, write for a free sam-
ple and for our valuable book on roof-
ing points. Look for the Boy c2~
on every roll. Refuse sub-
stitutes—it will mean
money saved in the end.
J-A.& W. BIRD & CO.
29 India St., Boston
Agents everywhere

ARE YOU FOND OF MOTORING?
Read THE MOTOR PIRATE, and
THE CRUISE oF THE CONQUEROR:

or The Further Adventures of The Motor Pirate
Prepaid, $1.50 Each
L. C. Page & Company, Boston

(AUSICAL HANDBOOK FREE

) toany one thinking of purchasing a musical instru-

ment. Contains illustrations, descriptions and the
lowest prices on 25,000 instruments and supplies of
artistic musical quality. Also much valuable infor-
mation. Ournume for42yearshasbeenthestandard.

PIANOS, VIOLINS, MANDOLINS,

Band Instruments, Talking Machines, ete. Every-
thing known in music is sold by us. Write today.

y ’s Largest Music H
LYON & HEALY, 1a adamast., chicago

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1906

Four Insect Pests that are Easily
Killed Now

Big the winter homes is a

most important detail in the control of
our worst insect pests, many of which are
easily attacked then, whereas in the active
season they are hard to reach.

All insects pass through three or four
stages in their development from the egg to
maturity, and different insects pass the winter
in different stages of existence: the grass-
hopper in the egg, the cutworm as a larva,
the corn ear-worm as a pupa, and the white
grub as a partly hardened May beetle.
Late fall spading or plowing is the best
method of controlling all these, though it
may not be advisable for other reasons,
yet where these four pests are very trouble-
some, it will usually be found the best method
of exterminating them.

GRASSHOPPERS AND CUT-WORMS

The eggs of the grasshoppers are laid
just under the surface of the soil, and get
so deeply buried that they either fail to
hatch, or the young are unable to emerge
the next spring.

In the fall the cutworms enter the soil
to the depth of three or four inches, where
they hollow out small oval cells, and in which
they remain until the next spring. By
breaking up these cells and throwing out
the worms to the influence of the changeable
weather conditions after they have com-
menced hibernating, many of them are

destroyed.

In the same way the corn ear-worms, which
are such nuisances upon the tips of the ears
of sugar corn, enter the soil in the fall, and
form cells similar to those of the cutworms,
in which they transform to the pupal stage.
The pupe are easily killed by exposure to
the weather, which is brought about by
breaking up the cells in the digging.

WHERE THE JUNE BUG HIDES

The white grub is a pest of almost every
garden crop, and very difficult to handle
when its depredations are at their worst.
The grub requires at least two seasons to
become full grown, when it transforms to a
pupa, and Jater to a beetle, the well-known
May beetle or June bug, which flies in the
lights and buzzes around the ceilings of rooms
during the warm evenings of May and June.
The beetles do not emerge from the soil until
the following spring, existing during the
winter in the earthen cells in a_ partially
hardened condition, and without the brown
color which exposure to daylight soon gives
them. In this condition they are peculiarly
helpless, and if disturbed in late fall are
readily killed.

Wireworms, which are so bothersome by
eating into seed corn, and necessitating re-
planting, may be attacked similarly.

3urying, as a result of fall spading, will
destroy many other pests which pass the
winter safely sheltered under rubbish, leaves
stalks, and suchlike, which are to be found
scattered over most gardens.

New Hampshire. E. D. SANDERSON.

Don’t Waste Money
on the Garden

TO GARDEN sSUC@G@res
ay “7 . 7 wep 6= Wihien you pur-
chase bulbs frum
me you can’t go
zrong. I climinate
all guess-work, re-
duce your gardening
failures, save you
half your money
and send you the
best bulbs on the
market. Adopt
my method. You'll
fnd it the practical,
simple and econom-
ical way to sure suc-
cess in gardening.
five ' My Little Brown
5 oa Book of Dutch
Bulos contains Peter the Gardenev’s Sel.cted List of bulbs for
indoors or out. Each variety priced right. It is compact,
unique and finely printed. The cultural directions insure
success.

BULBS FOR CHRISTMAS

should be ordered now and can be procured in my special col-
lections fur any amount from $1 up. They contain only such
varieties as will bloom at Christmas. Big values given and all
assortments sent prepaid, unless otherwise ordered. Try a
collection for $1 or more.

FREESIAS FOR CHRISTMAS

and a year’s membership in the Flowerlovers’ Club, 10c
This offer includes enough Freesias for a pot, my “‘Little
Brown Book of Dutch Bulbs,” my ‘Little Green Book for the
Garden”’ next spring and the Flowerlovers’ Bulletin as issued,
with hints by Peter the Gardener—offer limited, send 10c.
today.

While it’s on your mind, write for my Little Brown Book.
It is tree if you mention this paper.

Henry Saxton Adams
Wellesley, Mass,

Pot Grown Strawberry Plants
ALL LEADING VARIETIES
$3.50 per 100
BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WAREHOUSE

37 East 19th Street, New York City

PEONIES se wen
The World

E. J. SHAYLOR, Specialist,
WELLESLEY HILLS :: :: MASSACHUSETTS

Competent Gardeners

The comforts and products of a country home are increased by
employing a competent gardener; if you want to engage one, write
to us. Please give particulars regarding place and say whether
married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for
years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER
HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt
Street, New York City.

Gardeners Supplied

High-class men, with good records, can be

obtained at VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE,

14 Barclay Street, New York City. No fee
84 Randolph Street, Chicago. ee

SEPTEMBER, 1906

THE BURLINGT ON
ENETIAN BLIND)

2 AND CLOSED
3 AT THE BOTTOM

Burlington Venetian Blinds are made for
Indoor and veranda use. They keep out the di-
rect ravs of the sun without excluding the light,
and may be regulated to prevent direct drafts and
yet admit the air. For veranda use they are
unexcelled—adding a room to your house—giving
desired privacy and yet in no way obstructing
the air or light.

Inside Sliding B'inds—a great improvement
over the old style folding vav~iety.

Window Screens and Screen Doors of
improved design and highest quality material.

MADE TO ORDER ONLY

any size, wood and finish.

Send for Free Catalogue.
BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.
825 Lake Street, Burlington, Vt.

= > =

i
ti

|

| WROUGHT IRON
| FENCE 4° ENTRANCE
-GATES -
| ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK
_ TREE GUARDS, LAWN=
-FURNITURE ETC:

TENNIS COURT ENCLOS
URES A SPECIALTY

| -F-E-CARPENTER: CO:
T &9 WARREN ST
NEW YORK

For the Protection and

Adornment of Lawns, Schools, Parks,

Cemeteries, Cemetery Lots and pub-
lic and private places generally, no fence can
| compare with the Hartman Steel Picket Fence.

2906
ORT

VRE o TS op
a AY

for beauty and durability. The first fence we made
was put up sixteen years ago and is in as good con-
dition now as the day it waserected. The Hartman
Fence protects and adorns a lawn without conceal-
ingit. It can be erected upon uneven as well as
level surfaces—on stone walls or wooden bases as
wellasin the ground. No mechanical skill isrequired
to erect it. All first-class dealers handle the Hartman
Steel Picket Fence. If yours doesn’t, write for illus-
trated catalogue and prices to

GLEN MFG. CO., 149 Mill St., Ellwood Clty, Pa.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

83

Water For Your

Country Home

F YOU live in the country there is a way for

I you to enjoy all the comforts and con-
veniences of a city water supply without

a penny for water tax.

It is accomplished by the Kewanee System.

With the Kewanee System you get even more
than city service, because, in addition to every
benefit the latter affords, you may have

—Soft water in your bathroom and laundry.

The Kewanee System is easily explained; it
consists simply of having a Kewanee Pneumatic
Tank set in your cellar or buried in the ground.

The water from your own well or cistern is
pumped into the Kewanee Tank.

From the tank the water is delivered under
pressure to the laundry tubs, kitchen sink, bath-
rooms, outside hydrants or wherever wanted.

When the tank is half full of water the air which
originally filled the entire space will be compressed
into the upper half of it.

It is this pressure exerted on the water which
delivers it to the plumbing fixtures and hydrants.

An average pressure of 40 pounds may be main-
tained under ordinary conditions. This will carry
water toa height of 80 feet, thus affording splen-
did fire protection

You see that the method, while perfectly simple,
is based ona thoroughly sczentzfic plan.

The Kewanee Water Supply Company was the
first to apply this principle successfully in supply-
ing water to country houses, and after ten years of
experience the system has proved to be entirely
practical and it is rapidly growing in favor.

Over 5.000 Kewanee Outfits now im use.

The old style elevated tanks are passing.

—Because they stand no show in competition

Kewanee Water Supply Company, Drawer S, Kewanee, Ill.

with the modern, no-trouble system—the Kewanee

System.

The old fashioned gravity system meant pump-
ing water wp in order to get it down again.

Now, to give the necessary pressure for fire pro-
tection and service, the elevated tank must be
located on top of a tall tower. This is expensive,
unsightly and unsafe.

The water freezes in winter, becomes warm and stagnant in
summer, and repairs are a big item of expense.

The attic tank doesn’t give sufficient pressure for fire pro-
tection.

Its weight is apt to crack the plastering. and when it leaks
(as it is pretty szxe to do) your house is flooded. Just one
such expensive accident may cost you many times the price of a
Kewanee Outfit

—Which cazzot flood the house, because the tank is resting
on solid ground where it can do no damage.

The installation of a Kewanee Pneumatic Water System
in your country home means

—Plenty of pure, fresh water,

—Cool water in the summer,

—WNo freezing water in winter,

—Absolute protection from fire,

— Dez. ease in insurance rates,

—A plant that will last a lifetime,

—No expensive repairs.

It solves the country water problem completely.

The Kewanee System will take care of a// your needs —
for home, garden, lawn, stables, poultry houses, etc.

* * * *

Our Kewanee Outfits are covzflete.

Not an engine only, which in itself cannot give you a water
supply—nor a tank only, which is useless unless you have
some form of pumping power—

But, we furnish the whole thing —a@ complete systent of
water supply.

Our engineering department is prepared to solve your water
problem — no matter how difficult that problem may now
appear.

Kewanee Outfits are made in sizes suited to the smallest
cottage—or largest building—or group of buildings.

We guarantee every Kewanee Outfit to give fer/ect service.

Send for catalog No. 16 which gives names of users in your
State—free if you mention this magazine.

Sie ee

‘“SCALECIDE”

WILL

POSITIVELY

DESTROY

SAN JOSE, COTTONY MAPLE SCALE, PEAR PSYLLA, EITC.

Without Injury to the Trees. Samples, Prices and Endorsement of Experiment Stations on Application.

B. G. PRATT CO., Dept. I.

11 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY

84 il ©

GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1906

There are no hardy bulbs which have
more points of merit than the Nar-
cissus or Daffodils— perfectly hardy,
growing and doing well in almost any
position, and as valuable for growing
indoors as for planting in the open
garden. The bulbs are now so cheap
that they should be grown in quantity
everywhere.

Our collection comprises the choicest
Large and Medium ‘Trumpet, Poet’s
Double and other types of which the
following are but a few.

Per doz. Per 100

EMPEROR -50 $3.00
Pure yellow—very large.

EMPRESS -50 3.50
White and gold—fine.

GOLDEN SPUR -50 3.50
Golden large trumpet.

GIANT PRINCEPS oS 1.50
Creamy white and yellow.

BARRII CONSPICUUS 25 1.50
Yellow—cup edged, red.

SIR WATKIN 50 3.00
Clear yeliow—very large.

POETICUS (Poet’s Narcissus) Ahh of
White—cup edged, red.

POETICUS ORNATUS -20 1.00

Improved form of above.

For other varieties as well as a com-
plete list of other bulbs, such as Tulips,
Hyacinths, Crocus, Lilies, etc., also
Hardy Garden Plants, Seasonable Flower
and Vegetable Seeds, etc., see

Dreer’s
Autumn Catalogue

Free on application to those mentioning this
magazine.

A D EE 714 CHESTNUT ST.,
e R R, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

The wide range of delicate color-
ing, the immense size and profu-
sion of bloom makes the Peony

the most wholesome of all garden flowers, the magnificence
of the newer sorts rivaling the best features of the Rose. With
beauty of foliage, freedom from disease and ease of culture, it
is the peer of all hardy herbaceous perennials. Our collection
consists of over 80,000 plants in 400 varieties, which always
secure the highest honors at the leading exhibitions. Send
for our illustrated catalogue containing thorough authentic
descriptions and all the information required for selecting
and planting this most popular plant of the day.

If you contemplate improving your grounds this fall, address our Landscape Depart-
ment for advice on what and where to plant. ‘ ‘
shrubs, evergreens and hardy plants grown especially for immediate landscape effects.

COTTAGE GARDENS CO., Ltd., Queens, Long Island, N. Y.

We have 112 acresof choice trees,

How to Keep Cut Flowers

N the October and other numbers of THE
GARDEN MaGaAzIneE the ‘‘ Garden Club
of Philadelphia” offered for competition
three prizes of $25, $15 and $10 each. The
object of this competition was to ascertain
the best method of keeping cut flowers fresh
in private houses, which came from the
greenhouse during the winter months.

The prizes have been awarded as follows:

First prize, Mrs. Will Carlton, Keene, N. H.
Method: Clip the stems a little and give
fresh water each morning. Set the vase
containing the flowers in a pan of water in
a cool place at night.

Second prize, Mrs. F. J. Lee, 806 South
West St., Syracuse, N. ¥. Method: Clip
ends of stems each morning and put fresh
cool water in vases that are clean and free
from slime or odor. Remove any outside
leaves from blooms that may be wilted or
bruised, and place where they will not get
direct heat from register or radiator. Put

Cut flowers last longest if you cut a little from the
stems each morning and set the vase in a pan of
water in a cool place at night

fresh water in vases again at night, and
put in a cool place, near an open window, if
not too cold.

Third prize, Miss Clara Cheney Smith,
55 Capitol Ave., Hartford, Conn. Method:
Give fresh water every morning. Remoye
all foliage below the water line on account
of decay. Never crowd stems, give plenty
of room in the vase. Keep in a fairly cool
place at night, removing flowers from the
vase, and placing them in a large pail or
foot-tub of fresh water so that the entire
calyx of blossom, if possible. rests on the
water, and the whole stem is immersed.
Clip the stems only as they become dis-
colored.

In this contest the club received thirty-
nine different suggestions for keeping flowers.
In order to award the prizes, a committee
from the club held an eight day test, using
roses exclusively. When these tests were
over the committee were not satisfied with
the result so another test was made using
other flowers such as sweet peas, daffodils,
mignonette, heliotrope and carnations. Seven
subjects were tried but they only corrob-
orated the results in the rose test.

|

| 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE $5

|

i
f
|

ARTISTIC
CONCRETE
LAWN VASES

Fill up that bare place in
park or campus, add to the
attractiveness of your lawn or
beautify your grounds by in-
stalling a handsome concrete
vase, as shown in photo-engraving.

Our handsome lawn specialties are very
reasonable and very effective when properly
placed. Price, only $5. Our stately

A : oS

“PLANT EVERGREENS

In August and September

ie

ie un i Se LANT for im-

; = mediate effect,
not for future gen-
erations.

Concrete
Hitching Posts

make the exterior look substantial and lend a
very pleasing effect. Suit-
able for e’egant homes.
May be placed at either
end of the driveway. Either
vase or post at $5 securely
crated.

‘|
TART with the S#@
largest stock
that can be se-
cured.

Machines for making them if
desired. Catalog.

It takes
Over 20 Years

to grow such

Medina Concrete Co.
36 Court St., Medina, Ohio.

Trees and Shrubs

as we offer.

The Agricultural Experts Association

GEORGE T. POWELL, President
120 Broadway, N. Y.

EVELOPMENT of Country Places; Examinations made of
Land with full reports and Suggestions for Improvement;
Advice on General Management; Policies Outlined; Location of
Buildings; Landscape Work; Orchard Development; Care of
Forest Land and Live Stock. Correspondence invited.

We do the long
waiting, thus en-

abling youto secure
Trees and Shrubs

FRANK HAMILTON
Landscape Gardener

that give an imme-

BRYANT BUILDING, 55 LIBERTY ST., NEW YORK CITY diate effect.

] RACTICAL advice given on the laying out of your home

grounds. 20 years’ experience, 7 of which were in N. Y.
City Parks. Terms $10 per day and expenses. Office consul-
tation free.

For Fall Planting

We offer for fall of 1906 an unusually large
and well-grown stock of Fruit Trees
for orchard and garden, Ornamental
Trees, Shrubs.

ROSES

We have a larger and better supply this year than
ever. Our assortments embrace all of the old fa-
vorites, as well as the newest kinds from the most
celebrated raisers in Europe, including the NEW
WHITE ROSE, FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI.

PEONIES AND PHLOXES

Of these showy, beautiful, hardy, easily-grown
plants we offer the choicest kinds, selected with
great care.

Se fa NS > iat es
A large Juniper being burlapped, preparatory to shipping—the ball has been
combed out to show the fine fibrous roots.
Evergreens transplant successfully in August and September. The year’snew growth
w~ has then matured, and there is yet time for them to become established in the new location
\ before the winter. All our Evergreens lift with a compact ball of fibrous roots and earth.
Send for September Evergreen list.

A FEW SPECIAL EVERGREENS

Nordmann’s Firs up to to ft. Blue Spruce up to 8 ft. Hemlocks up to Io ft.
Retinisporas up to to ft. Norway Spruce up to to ft. | White Pines up to ro ft.

ANDORRA NURSERIES, CHESTNUT HILL

WILLIAM WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

‘*Apollo”’ Sweeper

is an ideal time and labor-saving machine

Unsightly Lawns can be made beautiful by using an “Apollo’’ lawn
sweeper. Itis the ideal machine for sweeping Lawns, Porches, Side-
walks, Pavements, Barn Floors, Factories, Warehouses, etc.

FALLEN LEAVES

HARDY PLANTS

Including the most ornamental, flowering from
early spring till late autumn, particular attention
being given to IRIS, Japan and German.

Our beautiful illustrated descriptive catalogue
(144 pages), a manual indispensable to planters;

“Tt Gathers
asitSweeps”

OS KG o a ee can be gathered more quickly, easily and thoroughf{y, and in less time, with
also descriptive list of novelties and specialties, the “Apollo” Sweeper than with rake and basket, or by any other method.
mailed free on request. They will come in very handy for covering flower beds, tender roots, ete.

Used as bedding for horses and stock they will soon save you more than
the cost of the Sweeper.

If your dealer can't supply you, write us, and we will ship ar “‘Apollo”
Write for our Free Booklet, illustrating and describing the various sizes we manufacture
THE GREENE MEG. CO., 34 Sycamore St., SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. (Good Canvassers Wanted.)

ELLWANGER @ BARRY
Nurserymen—Horticulturists
Mount Hope Nurseries ROCHESTER, N. Y.

86 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

1906

SEPTEMBER,

/ A Comfort as Warm and Light as Eider-down
at a fraction of the cost—and PURE

A genuine eider-down comfort to-day would cost fifty dollars, and even the genuine is azimal matter.
Comforts sold as <eider-down’’ for less, are filled with turkey and chicken feathers.

Mats Lamivatep Corron-Down Comrorts are luxuriously warm and very fight. Ata fraction
of the price, they have every comfort quality of eider-down, and are pure.

By a wonderful, new process the long fibres of the finest, pure, snow-white cotton are separated,
curled and then woven into a thick, soft, downy piece. This continuous, ove-piece filling is the same
thickness at every point ; no lumps, nothin places. It will zever flatten; never Jose the wonderful

ae es “é iia

suppleness, lightness, and warmth that make it so delightful to sleep under.
Leading stores have MatsH Comrorts. Ask for them but ivsist on seeing the trade-mark, itis sewn
to every genuine <¢ Maish.’’ If you don’t find it, don’t accept unhealthful, heavv comforts =

Don’t risk contagion from unsanitary, unclean filling. If your dealer hasn’t the GAR.
Maish, order direct from us. Free piece cut from a MarsH Comrort (samples of latest
coverings), and “Comfort,”’ our book of valuable facts about bedding sent on request.

The Chas.

TRADE |,

A. Maish Co., 1133 Bank St., Cincinnati.

Six Governments

in America and Europe have adopted and use exclusively

THE SPRAMOTOR in their experimental work. Eighty-two Outfits are

in use by Ontario and Dominion Governments alone. The
Spramotor has won over one hundred Gold Medals and First Awards in the past

three years.
7 LAG

€ ) Judges,

If any further endorsement were needed it will be found in the superiority of the Spramotor itself. It is an easy,
quick and thorough eradicator of fruit and vine diseases and insect pests. Unequalled in whitewashing and painting
buildings inside and outside—oil or water paints. We publish an 80-page book, ‘‘A Gold Mine on Your Farm,”’ which
in addition to foimulas, tables, best methods, etc., in spraying, tellsaboutthe Spramotor. Wemailitfree. Ask foracopy.

SPRAMOTOR CO., BUFFALO, N. Y. and LONDON, CAN.

Wins a Government Spray Pump Contest.

This is to Certify, that at the Contest of Spraying appa-
ratus, beld at Grimsby, under the auspices of the Board of Control of
the Fruit Experimental Station of Ontario, in which there were eleven contestants, the Spramotor,
made by the Stramotor Company, was awarded first place.

SATISFACTION

A building covered with Amatite is

prepared to stand al] kinds of weather — winds,

Y/, rainstorms, hailstorms, hot weather, cold weather.
In addition it is an excellent fire retardent. You have

secured the very best Ready Roofing you can buy for the

money when you invest in Amatite.

It’s the

up-to-date Ready Roofing for up-to-date farm and factory

It doesn’t shrink, crack, buckle, creep or vot.

buildings, warehouses, etc.
Write for Testing Sample and Booklet to our nearest office.

BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY
AMATITE DEPARTMENT

New York Chicago Philadelphia
Allegheny Minneapolis KansasCity Boston New Orleans
Cleveland St. Louis Cincinnati

Key to the Ornamental Beeches
(See also pages 58-60)

A. Margin of leaves strongly
toothed I. (Fagus ferruginea)

American beech

AA. Margin of leaves ob-
scurely toothed and
wavy-lobed

B. Color of leaves green
C. Branches not weeping
or twisted
D. Length cf leaves 24
to 3% inches
E. Leaf not lobed or
CUE a cure 2. (Fagus sylvatica)
European beech

- (F. sylvatica, var. quer-
coides) Oak-leaved
beech

EEE. Leaf cut almost to
the midrib ...... 4. (F. sylvatica, var.

heterophylla) Fern-

leaved beech

‘ EEEE. Leaf cut about half-
way to midrib... 5. (F. sylvatica, var.
incisa) Cut-leaved
beech

DD. Length of leaves, 4
(We). Ly NEN 2c 022 6. (F. sylvatica, var.
macrophylla) Large-

leaved beech
DDD. Length of leaves less

than 24 in.; leaves

curled and clustered 7. (F. sylvatica, var. cris-
tata) Crested beech
(F. sylvatica, var.
pendula) Weeping
beech

CC. Branches weeping.... 8.

CCC. Branches twisted or
contorted; dwarf tree,
with small leaves.... 9. (F. sylvatica, var. tor-

tuosa) Twisted
beech

BB. Color of leaves yellow..10. (F. sylvatica, var.
Zlatia) Yellow-
leaved beech

BBB. Color of leaves purple,
copper or rosy
C. Branches weeping....11. (F. sylvatica, var. pur-
purea pendula)
Weeping purple
beech
CC. Branches normal.
D. Leaves copper col- ‘
Oeel soossdooso>ot 12. (F. sylvatica, var.

cuprea) Copper beech

DD. Leaves purple
[E. Margin purple
I. Piulr ple eliaisitis
through spring. .13. (F. sylvatica, var. pur-
purea) Purple beech
BE Pius piltemlragsitas
through summer 14. (F. sylvatica, var. pur-
purea Riversi) Ri-
vers’ purple beech
EE. Margin rosy...... 15. (F. sylvatica, var.
purpurea roseo -mar-
ginata) Rosy-mar-
gined beech

Sueremser, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 87

We Grow
Peonies

Nothing Else

OW is the time to
plant. Why puz-
zle over, and try to

make selections from
lis-s containing hun-
dreds of varieties.
Many of the best are
practically identical —
so nearly alike that
only an expert can dis-
tinguish the difference.

We Offer Only Twenty-Five Varieties
We believe them to be the choicest and best
and the most desirable in cultivation. There
is something new to be said on the subject
of Peonies, and we say it inalittle book we
have. A postal card will bring it to you.

MOHICAN PEONY GARDENS
N

SINKING SPRINGS, PENNSYLVANIA

UR BULB CATALOGUE, beautifully illustrated with full
and reliable cultural directions, and containing, as for-
merly, the largest and most varied assortment of high

class Bulbs in America, is now ready and will be mailed free to

all who send for it. A postal is sufficient.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

33 BARCLAY STREET through to 38 PARK PLACE
NEW YORK

Founded in 1802

Horsford’s Au-
H ME tumn Supple-
ment of best

hardy lilies and

other bulbs for
R N autumn __ plant-
ing (ready last

of August) will

offer a long Bar-
LILik gain List of sur-
plus stock which

should interest
those who have room to plant liberally.
Nearly all of Horsford’s plants can be
set in fall as well as spring. It is better to
set most hardy plants in the fall than late
spring. Spring catalogue mailed to those
who have not had it. These two lists offer

bout th d

ikinds for Be ide, FRED’K H.
t d d il.

Ask for Supplement HORSFORD, several times over

and catalogue before Charlotte, cach years Vout

UL placing your orders. Yermont THE GARDEN : have the copies to-

| MAGAZINE gether when you need
them, and it will last
for years for succeed-
ing volumes. On the

shelf it looks just like If you understand Modern Methods and

a books holdemenc FARM INTELLIGENTLY

z Los Every reader of ‘tHe GArDEN MAGAZINE
number or a volume; as simple as tying a shoe. who is interested in farming or gardening, in
the growing of fruit or flowers, is invited to
send for a free copy of our 80-page catalogue

tirely new and improved but less expensive pat- and full information in regard to the Home
y B Pp P Study Courses in Agriculture, Horticulture,

tern than the old. See it at News, Book or Landscape Gardening-and Floriculture which
we offer.under Prof. Brooks of the Massa-
chusetts Agricultural College and Prof. Craig

i || write to us. i) of the Cornell University.
c H Price 75 cents prepaid The Home Correspondence School

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY = ———
1 | 133-137 East 16th Street, New York
| Peony
| RAWSON’S ;
WHlue || egeteees New Bulbs Rare Bulbs — Choice Bulbs

war The most complete list of the choicest varieties of
: : Bulbs in the United States are offered in our
Pook Se = beautifully illustrated
NOW READY or @ Bulb Catalogue for Fall 19006

Mailed free upon application.

Tm Garden Magazine
NEW TEMPORARY BINDER, the
ERFECT is very convenient

AMPHLET and will hold copies
RESERVER © until volume is com-

plete and ready for
permanent binding.

It is worth its cost

CS Gea GD) GED GLY CEE GED |

l\
| WNS AND THEIR CARE
£ ‘Every lover of beautiful Lawns should send for
this interesting and instructive little book called
“T awns—Their Making and Their Care.
Valuable information compiled from Govern-
ment and expert gardeniig sources, also interest-
ii ting information about the new Seamless Tube
| “Bull Frog’” Brand Lawn Hose “‘the kind that lasts.
THE TOLEDO RUBBER CO, ‘ Green cloth, neatly stamped. Made on an en-
| 417 Summit St. Toledo, Ohio

Stationery Dealers—ask them to get it—or

Mailed on request.

G. H- PETERSON .* pee W. W. Rawson & Company,
os ‘ ; Our New Store High Grade Seeds, Bulbs, Plants,
R d S l

ose and Peony Specialist 5 Union Street Picton Hass

FAIRLAWN, N. J. a ee Al

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Ki LI Nts

NEW BOOK

[ NCREDIBLE AG it
seems, considering
the range of his work,
Kipling has again
touched high-water
mark in an entirely
new kind of story. By
his magic the reader | tesieNncn Nee stg? posse 1
sees pass before mlm The Ins So Song Book. Net, $1.20,” Postage, 12 cent

The Day’s Work. $1.50

knights and robbers | trebistvood'ssy._ 1.5

SEPTEMBER, 1906

v2)
v2)

BOOS 183 Ve

RUDYARD KIPLING

A Delightful Wine eras

RK IN though you have to buy the grapes
in. small baskets, it is worth while
making grape Juice for winter use. Although
we bought our grapes this way, often paying
twenty-five cents for a small basket, the juice
did not cost us more than ten cents a quart,
which is one-fifth of what it costs in the stores.
Concord grapes are most generally used in
making unfermented grape juice, but it is so
dark, and the flavor is very strong. We
therefore also tried Delaware, Niagara and
Catawba, singly and in combinations.

Out of fifteen variations the following
were most to our liking: Catawba alone;
Catawba and Niagara; Catawba and Dela-
ware; Catawba, Niagara, and Concord;
Catawba, Niagara, Concord and Delaware;
Delaware and Niagara; Delaware and Con-
cord; Delaware, Concord and Niagara. -

The Niagara juice alone was colorless and
unattractive in appearance. The Delaware
juice alone had a muddy look.

The recipe is as follows: Pick the grapes
from the stems. To three quarts of picked
grapes add one quart of water, and cook until
the grapes are broken up. Strain through
cheesecloth and then through flannel. Add
sugar, and boil up; be careful not to get it too
sweet, or it will be like syrup. One or two
teacups of sugar to two gallons of juice will
suffice, according to the sweetness desired.
Bottle the juice hot, and seal securely. This
will keep two years in a dark place.

Another way is to do up the juice without
water, adding one scant teacup of sugar to
eight pounds of grapes.

We save work by making a first grade and
= a second grade. For the first grade we use
FRANK NORRIS’S the juice that easily runs through the straining
BOOKS cloths, and return the material left to the
stove, with another quart of water. ‘This is

$1.25. Postage, 12 cents strained through cheesecloth only, and used
A Deal in Wheat. 61-50 as “second grade.” It does well enough if
The Pit. $1.50 used soon, and saves much handling in the

The Octopus. $1.50 Straining. , d
A Man’s Woman. $1.50 The cost varies according to the season, and

Puck of Pook’s Hill.
Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50
The Five Nations. Net, $1.40. Postage, 14 cents

Willie Winkie. $1.50
From Sea to Sea. Two Volumes. $2.00
The Light That Failed. $1.50
Soldier Stories. $1.50

shall have happened

three thousand years.” A more fascinating
book, especially for young readers, would be
hard to imagine.

PUCK OF POOK’S HILL

Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50
yall : The Kipling Birthday Book. $1.00
and pirates in some of Rrdfceo. Bele
the most exciting
Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room
Ballads. $1.50
The publishing event of the year: Ready October #th
Illustrated in color by Arthur Rackham. $1.50

Life’s Handicap: Being Stories of Mine Own People. $1.50
events in old English
Soldiers Three. The Story of the Gadsbys, and In Black
oe OP
COUNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD’S WORK ae
IN AMERICA FARMING

Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Wee
history —“though it ite Three. The
DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

The Incomplete
Amorist

The story of Eustace Vernon, master
of the art of painting and of another
art, and how he played with fire once

The Responsibilities of the Novelist. Net,

ely) offen: “E, NESBIT.” McTeague. $1.50 the kind of grape used. One year we made
EC é ; 1.50 Blix. A twelve quarts from $1.27 worth of grapes in
Illustrated by Underwood, $1.50. Moran of the Lady Letty. $1.00 four varieties. Another year three twenty-
couener rare Te ons’ Wom (©) Th Ganoen ee five cerit baskets of Concords made eight

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &Co. NEw YorRK. -

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

quarts of juice in the two grades.

New York. ALBERT R. Mason.

SEPTEMBER, 1906

AUTUMN
PLANTING

Now is the time to plan to
make your grounds beautif" }

SEED OF
Hardy Perennial or Old Fashioned Flowers

Now is the time to sow the seed of Hollyhocks Canterbury Bells and
all other hardy perennials or old fashioned flowers for bloom next
year. With all orders we will send cultural directions. We offer

the following: SHADE TREES

We have splendid blocks of hand-
i some straisht stem Norway Maples,
Per Packet Oriental | lanes, Pin Oaks and other
5 ; P { trees for planting in every position.
Aquilegi Columb
quilkcin ( te) : VINES AND CREEPERS
Erskine Park Hybrids (all colors) 25 Fo -
: For every place and position are
Anemone (wind flower) mixed é growing in our Nursery ; thousands ar-

Ba in ts that can be planted at :
Campanula (Canterbury Bell) Medium TS Se oe omens cs

White, lavender, blue, rose or mixed .05 | OLD FASHIONED
Delphinium (Hardy Larkspur) H | f FLOWERS

Erskine Park Hybrids (all colors) ' Welneve many acreslot these pop-
are ular favorites. Our Landscape departme Fe iz ‘fashioned g:
Digitalis (foxglove) gloxinieflora 1 partment makes a specialty of old fashioned gardens.

; : RHODODENDRON MAXIMA
White, lilac, purple, rose, yellow or

: __ Can be planted now with perfect safety. Inspect our stock and get an idea :f the quantity and qual-
mixed cach 5 2 4 s li H ity we have for immediate use.
Calliopsis (hardy coreopsis)—Grandiflora .- f } EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS
Gaillardia (blanket flower) Grandiflora f Onr collection is now known all over the country, the handsome specimens having heen admired by vis-
itors from every state in the union, We ship with perfect safety any distance.
vera . . . .
(Hardy) A Quiche meee) BLUE SPRUCE (True)
mas P 4 5
ardy ster, , Ichae a alsy Several thousand specimens including several hundred Weeping specimens. Such a collection cannot be
Blue, white, violet or mixed, each . i H seen in any other Nursery in the world. Call and see them.
Helianthus (hardy sunflower) mixed ‘ : } 1 SHRUBS FOR CONTINUOUS BLOOM
Myosotis (Forget-me-not) palustris We have many acres planted with a magnificent collection of these garden favorites; many kinds among
ip Cori i \ ane i | them being new and tare.
u oriental po mixed . 5 4
40a ee ie B a | BULBS AND ROOTS
y s K 0 Bs : 10 @. | s
Hollyhock all colors me g 10 H f . Forevery place and purpose. In our illustrated Autumn catalogue will be found a large variety which will
Or the above collection of (12) species, i i Biv a constant succession ci bloont from early Spring to late Fall. Our Nursery is a paradise of flowers at
this time, obody can spend a more enjoyable diy than when visiting our Nurseries. All are described in
(separate) value $1.40 for 6 - 1.00 our Autumn catalogue, which we will be glad to send to serious inquirers.

e ‘Canterbury Bell’’ f BEECHES
. W. av splendid lot o e ee c jeties i andsome e will b eased to
Aurora Collection of Double Hollyhocks aot ‘eohavealsplendid lot of the true purple and Copper varieties in handsome trees. We will be pleased t
i PAEONIAS

Of these we have several acres planted with many thousands of all the finest and most popular varieties.
Same are li. ted in our new Autumn catalogue.

OUR LANDSCAPE DEPARTMENT | |

Boddington’s extra double scarlet, crimson, bright pink, blood red, lilac, canary yellow, golden
yellow, salmon, snow white. rose, Allegheny single mixed. The collection of 11 varieties in separ-

ate packets, $1.00 or each 10c per packet. c
A list of 400 varieties of Hardy Perennials or Old Fashioned Flowers, to grow from seed, mailed

free. Autumn Bulb Catalogue ready Sept. 1, 1906. Register your name with us for a copy. will be glad to assist you in the proper selections of every kind of plants for special locations or in other
= landscape problems that you may have.
ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman BOBBINK & ATKINS
yg
342 West 14th Street - -

New York City | | | Nurserymen, Florists and Landscape Gardeners. © RUTHERFORD, N. J.

THE ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

\SEP TEMBER PLANTING

IRI TRUE TO
DESCRIPTION
GERMAN, twelve distinct sorts.

JAPANESE, twenty-four distinct sorts.
PUMULA, SIBERICA, ETC., ETC.

Plant Now and Enjoy a Fine Display the
Following Spring

PAEONIES

Our collection includes practically all the new and
the best of the old sorts. The ones we catalog are
true to description and are offered in four sizes. The two larger sizes will
produce a display of flowers the following season if planted in September.

EVERGREENS

The leading sorts are grown in large quantities and our collection includes
also many which are very rare and fine specimens which take up with a ball of

ie STRAWBERRY PLANTS @é2éwn

If set out soon will produce a crop of luscious fruit the following season.
The varieties we offer have proven themselves to be both delicious
in quality and productive.

HOLLAND BULBS 2évehpsr PL
NOVEMBER PLANTING
Only the best grade offered. Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus,
Jonquils, Crocus, Iris, Lilies, Ranumculus, Scilla, Snowdrops,
Anemones, Crown Imperials, etc., etc.

Special Autumn List and General Catalog

Both will interest you and are yours for the asking. An extensive stock
here to select from and every facility for the prompt handling of all orders are
features which will make your dealings with us a source of mutual satisfaction.

THE ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY
NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

Visitors always welcome at the Nursery

A Planting of Evergreen Trees Purchased at Our Nurseries.

A WELL ORNAMENTED GROUND IS
WHAT MAKES THE PLACE ATTRACTIVE

We have a large assortment of all kinds of Fruit and Ornamental
Trees such as the MAPLES, ELMS, BIRCHES, BEECHES, LIN-
DENS, POPLARS, TULIPS, CATALPAS, JAPAN MAPLES and
MAGNOLIAS, APPLE, PEAR, PEACH, PLUM, CHERRIES, etc.
Can furnish Dwarf Box, also the Box Trees, TREE ROSES, as well as
the ROSE BUSHES, HARDY PHLOX, and PHONIES, AZALEAS,
JAPAN and GERMAN IRIS, ORNAMENTAL GRASSES and a full
line of PERENNIALS. Also a large stock of SPRUCE, PINES,
ARBOR VITAZS, and all the different varieties of Dwarf Retinosporas,
which are the most ornamental of all Evergreens. All varieties of
SHRUBBERY, and CALIFORNIA PRIVET for HEDGING. No
matter what you want, write to us and see jf we cannot supply you.

Our Landscape Architect can lay out your grounds to your perfect
satisfaction. Let us hear from you. Will send Catalogue upon applica-
tion. Address

STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.

Tel.: 148-2 So. Norwalk, Ct. NEW CANAAN, CT.

PEONIES

DUKE OF WELLINGTON—Soft creamy white; large. $ .

Festiva Maxima—Pure white; center flushed car-
mine; always popular

FLoRAL TREASURE—Fine bright pink; free bloomer:
fragrant.

GLoBosa GR ANDIFLOR a—Large v Ww hite: fragrant

GoLpEN Harvest—The nearest approach to yel-
low; very sweet

GranpiFLora RuBRA—Extra large.
of bright red .

Humir—Bright rosy pink. Vv ery showy a

La TuL1pE—Large white, laced crimson.

L’EspERANCE— Vivid rose; early and free:

PuRPUREA SUPERBA—Large outer petals:
small and compact. Very large
flowers. Tall. .

QUEEN VICTORI A—Creamy
blotched red; extra.

One Each of Above Collection, Pan 20

og ehh O)D.C 56%

"Perfect balls

Late:
Watenuur
fragrant
center
lilac-rose

white: center at timcs

The following varieties are selected from our Large Collection for
their many distinctive qualifications and embrace the colors from
other meri-
torious sorts. If interested, write. Special quotations in CEE

white to bright red and purple. In addition have many

Amphitryon—lilac, suffused with white :
Astier Rehu—Brigit deep purple, half of eac h petal lis ghter. S
Attraction—Snow white, with rosy-crimson -ye . 5
Baron Von Burkhart—Bright rose flowers in imme ‘nse he “ads 5
Coquelicot—Fine pure scarlet, with deep crimson eve 4
Crepuseule—Lilac, shaded Jighter toward margin; lurge c. imson center.
Tris—Deep purple-nagenta, dark crimson center 5

Jas. Bennett—Light pink, tinted salmon; large crimson. center

Jas. Galloway—Bright crimson, maroon center F

P achblow—Delicate pink with white markings
Pink Beauty—Light ro-e; enormous spike “
R. P. Struthers—Crimson pink, tinted or.nge; dar’: center
The Queen—Pure white; large flower and spike 5

Large Ficld Clumps, 20 cents each; *2.00 per dozen
Above Collection, 18 varieties, %2.00
Send for Fall Catalogue of Perennials and Bulbs

92 W. Maumee St

Nathan Smith & Son, <5..a5 a

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1906

Peonies and
Phlox for
September

Planting

the following belong to the old- fashioned Officinalis
Type, especially valuable on account of early flowering:
Artpa PLENA—Opens light pink, finishes pure white $ .30
RoseEA PLENA—Deep purplish rose. Large flowers .30
RosEA SUPERBA—Rose pink, shadedsalmon. Grand .75
RuBrRA—The well-known red 5 5 GeO)

One Each of This Collection? $r. 50
SPECIAL: The Two Collections, 15 Superb Varieties:
$5.50

The above quotations are for strong flowering clumps
and should not be compared with the small roots usually
offered

Japanese Bamboo Stakes

For Supporting Plants and Shrubs.
Durable year to year. Indispensable for tying Lilies,
Roses, Chrysanthemums, Tomato Plants; Dahlias, etc.
6 ft. Stakes, 100,81; 1,000, 83
Extra Heavy Stakes for young trees, shrubs, etc., diam-
eter 1% to 2 inches, 6 feet long,

Dozen, S1; 100, 85
7 ft. long: per dozen, 81.25; 100, 86

These heavy stakes are also used for the building of |

Japanese gardens, bridges, kiosks, etc. Address

H. H. BERGER & CO.

47 BARCLAY ST.

FOR PLEASURE IN THE SPRING,
PLANT IN THE FALL.
IRISES

HERBACEOUS PLANTS AND SHRUBS

A consultation with our experienced landscape architect will

facilitate planting. Catalogue sent on application.

SHATEMUC NURSERIES -
BARRYTOWN, Dutchess Co., NEW YORK

NEW YORK CITY |

EVERGREENS

Spruce, Firs,
Arborvites etc.,

~ HARDY PLANTS

Phlox a specialty.

Retinisporas, Hemlock,
Good stock at low

Pines,
in variety.

In great quantity and best kinds.

PAEONIES

Strong clumps for immediate effect. Send, for
catalogue.
SOUTHWORTH BROS.

Nurserymen
BEVERLY, MASS.

Write me about your
seed troubles

—your triumphs, too—whether you
bought your supplies from me or not,
whether you intend to or not.

I want to get into close personal touch
with you regarding seeds, bulbs or any-
thing else pertaining to your garden.

My large Floracroft Trial Grounds and Seed
Gardens, with a complete range of greenhouses
constantly under my control and personal super-
vision, and my experience in raising

Stokes’ Standard Seeds

give me knowledge that I make valuable to my
customers through my catalogues and personal

correspondence.

I am an optimist in all that pertains to garden or green-
house. I feel that if we get together on the subject, you
will soon be my friend and eventually my customer.

Shall I send you my catalogues and circulars as they are
issued from time to time? Write me to-day.

STOKES’ SEED STORE, 212Market st.

Walter P. Stokes of the late firm of Johnson & Stokes.

A Quick Way to Cook Spinach

HERE was an article in the July, 1905,
GARDEN MAGAZINE, page 270, con-

taining a recipe for cooking bee I think

I have a better one.

Put spinach in cold water as soon as
picked, wash thoroughly, and let it stand till
needed in cold water. Put one-half tea-
spooniul cf soda in a kettle of boiling water,
add salt, put spinach in the boiling water.
This will cool the water, but it will boil
again in a minute or two. Boil three minutes.
Empty spinach into colander, and press out
the water. Season just before serving with
a good lump of butter. Cooked this way, it
will not need vinegar. New Zealand spinach
has to be cooked from five to ten minutes.

Massachusetts. JOSEPHINE CLARKE.

Which are the Best Dark Roses?

ILL some of the readers cf the Gar-

DEN MaAGAzINE having experience

in similar climate help me? I want the

names of such hybrid perpetual roses as

are very dark red, or rich, velvety crimscn

in color. I have Camille de Rohan, which

blcoms but once, and is not as hardy as I

like, in this region, which is about fifty miles
south of Lake Erie, in Northeastern Ohio.
Ohio. 1a) Nh Ge

“The Seasons in a Flower Garden.”’

By Louise
Shelton. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1906; pp. 1-7.
Price, $1.00 net.

This is a book which every amateur gar-

| dener should own and from which he can

glean much valuable infermation. It is di-
vided into three parts. Part I has sugges-
tions for gardens varying from 25x30 it. to
60x70 ft., and tells what, when and how to
plant. There is also a short chapter on
scils. Part I1—The Garden Record. Be-
ginning with September as the proper month
to start garden operations, the work which
should be done each month is taken up in
detail. There are also valuable tables of
the plants in bloom during the different
months which show how long the plants last
in bloom, height, color, etc. Part III 1s de-
voted to general information, such as, how
to make coldframes and hotbeds, flowers for
special places and the preferred habitat cf
flowers for the wild garden.

“How Ferns Grow.” By Margaret Slosson.

Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1906; pp. 1°6, plates 45.
A very comprehensive study of the leaf de-

velopment of eighteen of our native ferns
illustrated by lifesize nature prints. The
author shows how the fronds of a given
species vary during the development cf the
plant. A book for the nature student.

PTEMBER, 1906

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 91

BIG TREES MOVED

OR architectural gardens we offer hedges prepared for moving, that are equal in size
and quality to the one illustrated on page 19. Hicks Patent Treemovers make
possible the moving of big trees for immediate shelter—shade—screen. Visit

Westbury Nurseries to select evergreens for August and September planting, or write the

effect desired. We offer ready for moving, Norway, sugar and red maples, pin oaks up

to 50 feet high; pines spruces, nemlocks, arborvitae and cedars. Trees that thrive on

Long Island and blend with the land-

scape. ‘Twelve treemovers for various

Dee age) types of soil and tree.
Screen to gardener’s cottage. Moved 1905.

SMALL EVERGREENS AT LOW RATES
yiov have wanted evergreens in quantity but there have been difficulties. They have not been ayail-
able in large quantities at low rates. We have them by the 100,000 from seed that fits the north-
eastern United States. They are trained and packed for successful transplanting. We have the beau-
tiful cheerful kinds. You want privacy. Evergreens will make a screen the year round. With ever-
greens a small area gives as much privacy as a large one. Evergreen hedges and shelter belts make
country life comfortable in winter.

SPECIAL OFFER

Per 10 Per 100 Per 10 Per 100

Pitch Pine 8-12 in. $ .1§ $ 1.00 Mugho Pine tr. 6-12 $ 2.50

s i Ait DES in. .60 5.00 Densiflora Pine, Japanese, tr. 6-12 in. 1.50 12.00

& Ke tr. r-1% ft. 1.00 8.00 BY n° tr. 31-1% ft. 1.80 15.00

a Ett es—2, ft. 1.50 12.00 Norway Spruce tr. 8-12 in. 1.00 9.00
Scotch Pine tr. 6-12 in. 50 4.00 es GS tr. 1-1% ft. 1.40 12.00

A Dae LGamneT oe ett. 1.50 12.00 ss ie tr. 134-2 ft. 2.25 20.00
White Pine 2-4 in. ; 30 2.00 White Spruce, 4-8 in. -80 7.00

oe tree 3-0 in. 60 5-00 Engleman’s Spruce, blue. From

£6 Same tree tO=12 in 1.00 8.00 Colorado, and better than Colorado Blue

i Pomntceetarve) Et. 1-75. 15-00 Spruce, 2-4 in. : 1.00 8.00

id eitiaiie 2.) oft. 2.73 25.00 Engleman’s Spruce tr. 4-8 in. 2.00 15.00

a oti, ey ft. 3-73. 35-00 Colorado Fir, 3-6 in, 1.00 5-00
Austrian Pine, 4-6 in. -50 4.00 :

as ee eS han 2-00) 15:00 Packing Extra

Send for price list of evergreens and catalogue giving the scientific reasons of their successful growth.

EDWARD HICKS
ISAAC HICKS & SON HEN RYONICES Part of 175 evergreens, 15 to 37 feet high, moved within 9 months

Nurserymen and Scientific Treemovers Westbury Station, Long Island, N. Y. Roibarewhilieicerronn GanWaltedGaOalaniaeR oleae

MAULE’S SEEDS LEAD ALL |/Shrubs Bulbs Seeds

| Sheep Manure for the Greenhouse

TO ENRICH WORN OUT BEDS. WM. HENEY HAULE eee
||| The best natural fertilizer, free from straw, and perfectly clean. 1701 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa. | | Everything for the Farm, Garden and Greenhouse.

The ideal materialfor making manure water, it is so easily soluble.
Invaluable as a top dressing tor exhausted bedsand benches. Mix

Buy them all in one place and save money.

i some with your compost heap fora rich, mellow potting soil next =e ea ean : = My Fall Catalogue free for the asking. A
|| spring. apps Nias $0.35 ode Be $r50 FOR PANSIES IN MARCH ! | Honest Goods. Josiah Young, Honest Prices

ie 23 Grand Street, Troy, New York,

1 5
| | Cairnsmuir Farm. NEW CITY, Rockland County, N.Y.

OW pansy seeds in the coldframe any time between August 15th and
30th, and you will be rewarded by having a profusion of flowers in

cold, bleak March and good strong plants for bedding out in earliest
Spring. Pansies may be grown for early flowering next year without a RED CEDAR CHEST SHIPPED DIRECT FROM
coldframe if seeds are sown now and the plants given winter protection FACTORY TO YOU.

of leaves or dicter.) They will then flower in May, weeks earlier than if Ina Piedmont Cedar Chest you have the safest, most economical
SOTA NS TIE and convenient way of storing furs, blankets and woolen garments.
Our Royal ~ It is absolutely moth and dust proof. Makes a peautiial
. marriage chest for presentation to brides. Strong, heavy and lasts a
Pansy Collection lifedras.. » pions» Neavy,
will give you the most gor- : : The delicate odor of Real Southern Red Cedar is imparted to
geous velvety flowers in the [7 £5 your garments, not the smell of moth-balls or like preparations that
following colors: 3 F y : s takes days of airing togetout. — 5 : z
Pure White, Golden Yellow Made in several sizes, fitted with handsome trimmings, and built
IOS PADS TSE wnt throughout of genuine Southern Red Cedar.

Shining Bronze 3 An Appropriate Christmas, Wedding or Birthday Gift.

Azure Blue Violet .
_,, Deeb Purple ae ry You run no risk; if you are not per-
ellow with bi ach eye : : ectly satisfied with the chest, return it in
for Fall TBP TEE CCRC ; five days at our expense and get your
) ite edge ‘ ‘ :
Copper color Striped money back,
e Red Shades ores : They are shipped direct from factory to your

Pl t Britliant colors with dark Vee . home, freight prepaid.

an Ing Wo ditch on each petal ( Odier) 4 Write for booklet with full infor=
Packet of too seeds, each 10 mation and special factory prices.
c—)

SS)

ents. The collection of = _
aA ROR ay Caco. Piedmont Furniture Co.

Send for our 28th Annual a (ee Dept. B. Statesville, N.C.
Falt Catalogue, 7b tits Eee
ull descriplicn of ald
bulbs, plants and seeds.
H. H. BERGER & CO.
47 Barclay Street
New York City

Hyacinths
Lilies Crocus

Daffodils

Tulips Iris Snowdrops
Vick Quality Bulbs and Plants give satisfaction
in the house or garden. Whether amateur, florist

or gardener, you really need a copy of
Vick’s Garden & Floral Guide, for Autumn
Handsome illustrations. Valuable information.
Interesting descriptions. It’s free; ask for it.

JAMES VICKH’S SONS

362 Main St. E. Rochester, N. Y.

92 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1906

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given.
Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 133 E. 16th St , New York

GEDNEY FARM POULTRY YARDS

S.C. BUFF ORPINGTONS CORNISH INDIAN GAMES
S.C. BLACK MINORCAS WHITE WYANDOTTES

We breed our prize Winners and can sell you birds that will enable you to do the same.

At Madison Square Garden we won first and Club special on S. C. Buff Orpington
pen—14 pens competing. Also third pullet—39 pullets in the class.

At Albany, N. Y., we made aclean sweep. Our Buff Orpingtons won every regular prize
offered, except one third—64 Buffs competing. Alsoeight specials, including silver cup for best
display—all varieties competing. On C. I. Games we won two ist, four 2d and three 3d at
the same show. Our Black Minorcas are bred for egg production and shown for exhibition only,
Stock and eggs for sale atright prices. Satisfaction guaranteed.

'Epitor’s Nore.—Whenever an inquiry demands
prom pt attention we are glad to give advice by mail. This
course is necessary because the magazine is made up

several weeks in advance of the time of publication, and
Squabs Pay an answer given only in this column would very often be
If you have Aeubestamatede tes late to be of any service to the subscriber. L nfortu-
nately some correspondents have sent 1n letters without signa-

HOMER PIGEONS ture, or with such incomplete addresses that we have been

WHITE WYANDOTTE COCK. FRANK W. GAYLOR, Mer., White Plains, N. Y.

Intelligent Poultry Raising

Begin now to properly feed and house your
poultry if you want to

get eggs next winter pecan today creas Boek unable 10 communicate with the writers. Wall subscribers

| ow < e J ae q cs} 5
Don’t make them too fat by feeding corn. Keep | | Squabs.”’ we Hs ses Se Bene peta peat Ee
the lice away. I have Cypher’s Incubators and NEWARK SQUAB CO. that it has not been through lack of courtesy or desire to

serve on our part, but through utter 1nability to get into
communication? Subscribers should be careful to give
their full name and address, and enclose stamps for reply.|

Foods and Medicines, and all that is best in
Poultry Supplies. Illustrated catalogue free.

STOKES’ SEED STORE 7% Jfarket Street

No. 1 High St., Newark. N.Y.

Dr. Payne’s Sanitary Poultry House

; . Has given universal satisfaction, Plans complete for build- <a e aay
Walter P. Stokes of the late firm of Johnson & Stokes. ing Houses Self cleaning Roosts, Sanitary Nests for $1.00. gua eA eu ar Baap aes
SANITARY POULTRY SUPPLY CO. The flowers of Magnolia acuminata are 6 inches across,

219 Schaefer Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. | instead of “1 or 2” as stated on page 267 of the June

GarpDEN MAGAZINE.

Originators of all the
Orpington Fowls No Cat Lover can aftord to be without ; BRINE FOR PICKLES

WM. COOK & SONS || The Pussy Magazine

H. F. C., Iowa—Pickles are placed in brine strong
Box 33, Scotch Plains, New Jersey

enough to float an egg until needed. They are then put

also of Engla S. Africa). pst. 1873 i s A i
(soo fe beland and: SA tren) Bere et The Cattarian will be sent for :
If you want the best Orpingtons, any of the ten Eire o nthetonuenercontadd= in fresh water and soaked for two or three days and then
varieties, it is natural that you must send to us, their : he any person ¢ : BF 4 : Be
originators, for them. Winners of over 8,500 cups and ing five addresses of cat lovers to our » put into the v inegar.
prizes. Largest winners wherever we show. present catalogue of more ;
from the finest Orpingtons in the world, a s
EGGS so per getting; from exceptionally fine than 10,000 ’ i A TON OF MANURE
stock, $5 per setting. All guaranteed. 1 i wed z ;
Oneiweron Poutry Journal, 5 cta.; yearly, 60 cts. BOTT ES E Weekinaee hee E. fs Mass.—The density of stable manure varies enorm-
We have thousands of Orpingtons mated up. + OE, , DU. tee Henn , - es
Ingpection of poultry farms cordially invited, Trains ously, as does its moisture content, so any statement of its

met achdvice free. weight in relation to bulk must be merely general. A full

C O I E P U P WANDSOWE two-horse load is generally regarded as one ton. Twenty
VIGOROUS i i
| / | / S MAURO tons to the acre I should consider a very moderate dressing.

I have used as high as too tons to the acre, for strawberries,

Scottish Terriers

Sable and white and tri-color pups, from eight weeks to

é i eight months old. All are eligible for registration, and consider that a good dressing.—B.
Offered as companions. Not / R peine. very Henly pedigreed and combining the blood
. : : pe ose 7 of the present day winning strains with that of practi- LIME FOR SOUR SOIL
given to fighting or roaming cally all of the famous collies of the past. Price ‘ Sele 5 :
Best for children’s pets. from $10.00 up, according to age and quality. Corre- If M. B., Mass.—As to liming your soil, we cannot give
: spondence invited, but please state wants specifically. you any advice, as you neglect to say where you are located.
NEWCASTLE KENNELS HARVALE FARM KENNELS, Midland Park, N. J. If you think your soil is sour, try an application of 1coo

pounds to the acre, of air slacked lime, which should be
put on after ploughing, and thoroughly harrowed in. Do
not attempt to plant seeds in this limed soil for three weeks.
It will hurt the seeds if they are sown before.

Brookline, Mass.

“ One Dollar a Pound”

OUR NEW BOOK
JUST PUBLISHED

COLOR VARIATION IN DAHLIA

qi 4 ‘ y . - . .
S oP How to Breed, Feed and Raise Frogs F. A. W., Missouri—The phenomenon you describe is
lle Os ol, | yi - es J2,0 . 2 5 3
sie a ran Sent Postpaid for $1.00 IN. characteristic of some varieties of dahlia, is occasional in
‘ CUO srire cate Meh, . : ° 5
RICHER Ts others, and is unknown in the third group. The variety

The Meadow Brook Farm Jig#

Harry Smith, for instance is ordinarily a deep maroon,
ALLENDALE, N. J. 4

tipped. white, but sometimes produces flowers entirely

AND AQUARIA SUPPLIES maroon. Many of the parti-colored varieties will occa-

ASST GTR Ea FAIRFAX ROSES Teas flowers with a whole section solid with one

KEENAN’S SEED STORE BAGGING GRAPES
Catalogue free
6112-6114 Wentworth Avenue, CHICAGO STNG FEE) EIU EID ee A. H., New Yorx—I have never observed that the
We = W. R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA. | sacking of grapes made the bunches ripen unevenly, or
RDU ASD OCS DNS De eS Sal ra it ae NaN ee to injure the flavor of the berries. On the contrary, the
K FRUIT BOOK season of ripening is usually hastened, and the flavor
shows in NATURAL COLORS and Buy From A Specialist slightly improved. I am inclined to think this trouble is
eanccurelelya describes: 218 Nay fetice (ot st due to the soil or the season, and not to the sacking. Were
bution to planters.—Stark Bro’s, Louisiana. Mo.

= SPECIMEN TREES there any ur.sacked bunches of Delaware for comparison ?
Choice Evergreens Hon Possibly the soil needs potash, in which case wood ashes

Ornamental Planting,
S

. 5 Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUB will supply the deficiency. S. W. F.
G ] d 1 ] 1 Write for large illustrated catalog. x
a O D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, WHAT ARE SPORTS AND VARIETIES ?
Willow Bank Nursery, Newark, New York | |__ seh DUNDEE, ILLINOIS — ue M. B., Penn.—Evidently you are confusing the ideas of
| ssport and variety. A variety may originate through a

sport. A sport may be described as a very marked varia-
tion, appearing suddenly. A variety is any character-

Dwyer’s Pot Grown Strawberry Plants istic variation from a species which can be reproduced.

Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties sure to give satisfaction and Thus, propagation of a SPO will give origin to a variety.

PRODUCE A FULL CROP IN 1907. I cannot tell whether your poppy plant will maintain
We also have a full line of Fruits and Ornamental Trees, Plants, Vines, ete., for Fall Planting. its character. Probably it will. There are many color
We do Landscape Gardening in all its branches. Catalogue Free | variations in existence already. If so, you will have a

T. J. DWYER & CO., P. O. Box 4, Cornwall, New York variety which originated as a sport.—B.

:
|
|

SEPTEMBER, 1906

FOR.

Sent “e i
ad —S CO

A DIRECTORY
OF LIGHTING
EQUIPMENT

A Service Department has been established by the pub-
lishers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE to give readers information
relating to any phase of the lighting problem of the country
home. Address Service DEPARTMENT, THE GARDEN MaGa-
ZINE, 133 East 16th Street, New York City.

IF YOU USE

MCE TYLENE

We want to send you
A SAMPLE BRAY BURNER

The "Beto" Burner will produce a
greater amount of light than is possible
with any other Burner ever made for
Acetylene.

One "Beto" Burner will furnish sufh-
cient light to illuminate any room in an
ordinary house.

One "Beto" Burner will give as much light as
three ordinary Burners, and consumes but one-half
the amount of gas.

Write us to-day, mention kind of generator used,
enclose 10 cents to cover postage and packing, and

we will send yu A SAMPLE BURNER.

W. M. CRANE COMPANY
Room No. 36, 1131-33 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

The Bray *-Beto”

\ X JE issue a pamphlet,
H 26, showing a
complete line of

Wood Pedestals

that can be used inside the
dwelling or porch to support

a lamp or jardiniere of flow-
ers, or on the lawn as a sup-
port for a sundial. We fur-
nish these with or without
the dials as desired.

Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co.
Mt. Vernon, N. Y.
N. Y. Office, 1:23 Broadway

THE RADIANT

ACETYLENE GENERATOR

A PERFECT LIGHTING SYSTEM

The Radiant Acetylene Generator with our patent dissolv-
ing process makes acetylene lighting a perfect system for the
country home. It combines luxury with economy. It is simple
and easy to onerate. The Radiant Generator is absolutely au-
tomatic and will run for weeks or months without any care or
attention, according to the amount of light used. The Radiant
only hasthis process. Write for our illustrated booklet en-
titled “ Acetylene for the Home.”

Rush Acetylene Generator Company
51 Bemis Stre-t, Canandaigua, N. Y.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 93

a i;
Bosc ~

oe

COUNTRY HOME

2S NLEEEBO TL Z ‘

|. | GENERATORS, ———3
FIXTURES, |
SUPPLIES, Etc.

A Brilliant Lamp}

for the Country Grounds

At the entrance and roadways a clear, constant
light is necessary.

The Dietz No. 3

is built for this service, and embodies every im-
provement for country lighting.

It is economical, can be lighted and regulated
from the outside, has no chimney, and is guaran-
teed not to blow out.

PRICE, $6.00

May be had from dealers, or we will deliver it
anywhere in the United States or Canada at the
above price. Sezd for Catalogue No.9.

R.E. DIETZ COMPANY
60 LAIGHT STREET
Established 1840. NEW YORK

MAAK

ACETYLENE Siar ater
GAS 4

combine safety and wonderful
brilliance with great economy.

We Prove This in Our Free Book

explaining the Acetylene principle, describing the Colt
Generator. and giving prices on all sizes from 10
lights up, with scores of testimonials.
State your needs and ask questions.
Give us your hardware dealer’s name
when you write.
J. B. COLT COMPANY

Dept. M, No. 21 Barclay Street, New York
Chicago Philadelphia Los Angeles

NASH GASOLINE ENGINES

Are used extensively for furnishing

ELECTRIC LIGHTS, tor
PUMPING WATER and for the
FIRE PROTECTION

of COUNTRY HOMES. Complete plants installed. Send for catalogue.

NATIONAL METER CO.
84-86 Chambers street
NEW YORK

Chicago Boston

HOME OE ArING

DON’T GUESS which is the best heating system and

don’t let anyone guess for you. INVESTIGATE AND

DECIDE FOR YOURSELF. Send for booklet No. 20
which tells why the

KELSEY WARM AIR GENERATOR

(1) Heats city or country homes of any size. (2) Why it warms frech air
by best method. (3) Why it forces warm air to every room. (4) Whyit
is different from furnace or steam and hot water systems. (5) Why itis
more healthful and why it costs less for fuel, ma:agement and repairs.

28,000 IN USE. Send for book, ‘‘Opinions.’’

Kelsey Heating Co., 203 Fayette St., Syracuse, N.Y.
Branch office, 154-158 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Kelsey Heated House, Locust Valley, L. I.
Mr. B. L. Gilbert, Architect

Built to reduce coal bills
—to make a house cozy

HOW TO BUY YOUR OWN FURNACE

FURNACES Sarpy

plan, they are economical, easy to run, quick to regulate. We
sellthem straight from our factory to your cellar—no middle-
men, no intermediate profits. Hess teaches you how to set his
furnace up without expert help and guarantees complete suc-
cess or money refunded. Hundreds have done it successfully.
You can. Prices low—factory prices. Write for our 40-page
furnace book. It contains complete illustrations of our furnaces}
and tells you, in simple terms, the best method of placing and
operating your heating equipment. Its free. Ask for one today.

From Factory
TO YOU

rey

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1906

66 o 0 g 1)
Of Gardens and their Furnishings
is the title of a brochure which we wish to put in your hands. It
is accompanied with a series of illustrations of different Garden

Accessories made in marble and stone, which we think very good.
If you are interested and will ask us, we shall be glad to send you one

Fountains Sun Dials Benches Pergolas
Vases Tables Well Heads Statuary
Altars ‘Baptisimal Fonts Monuments Mausoleums

In Marble, Stone and Bronze

We furnish original models as well as authentic copies of classic
subjects, producing the antique finish, which is so much sought
since the almost total disappearance of the bits of old art

Mousoleums, Monuments and Tablets in Granite
Stone and Bronze

Designs sent upon request without charge

LELAND & HALL CO.
WORKERS IN STONE

ss7 FIFTH AVENUE
NEW YORK

GRANITE WORKS: BARRE, VT.

Figure for the
centre of a
pool, cut from
Carrara marble
in our studio at
Pietrasanta,

STUDIOS § LONG ISLAND CITY

Italy, for Chas.
( PIETRASANTA, ITALY

W. Leavitt, Jr.,
architect.

EVERYTHING FOR THE HARDY GARDEN!

Plant now FOR A MASS OF BLOOM
NEXT SPRING AND SUMMER

Our catalogue tells what you wish to know.
We have a fine stock of all the best Phlox, Larkspurs, Foxglove, |

Iris, Peonies and Hollyhocks.
EASTERN NURSERIES

M. M. Dawson, Manager Jamaica Plain,

‘THE PAINT PADDLE

Is as far behind the times as the warming pan. ‘The painter who mixes and tints lead by hand
charges for the time wasted in performing an ill-done task. His materials are antiquated and
his methods medieval. High-grade ready mixed paint is the logical up-to-date material and
being based largely on Oxide of Zinc, will cost less, look better and last longer than
rule-of-thumb shop-mixed paints.

Mass.

FREE-— Ow Practical Pamphlets :
‘The Paint Question ’

‘‘Paint; Why, How and When”’
‘“‘Paints in Architecture ”’
‘‘Specifications for Architects ”’
‘(French Government Decrees’’

THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CO.
71 Broadway, New York

We do not grind zinc in oil. Lists of manufacturers of oxide of zinc paints will be furnished on request.

YOU WANT THIS FREE BOOK
Here 1s a book which will show you how easily and inexpensively you can
put your home and business in touch with the outer world and its markets. It
/j will show you how the telephone quickly pays for itself, and why it is more
than a mere convenience for those who must stay in the house all day. It
shows you, too, why
STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONES
The book is crowded

are the only ones to be considered for farmers’ lines. owd
with practical information on the building of farmers’ lines and the organization
of farmers’ companies. It goes to you from the greatest independent telephone
plant in the world—the one that has been in the fore-front of the battle for

independent telephone lines. Don’t put it off-—write today for booklet
“How the Telephone Helps the Farmer.”

Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Company
Rochester, N. Y. Chicago, Ill. 3%

WOOD ASHES AS A LAWN FERTILIZER

A. R., Mass.—The wood ashes will make an excellent
fertilizer for your lawn or garden, Apply at the rate of
one to two tons an acre. A sugar barrel will hold about
200 pounds which will be enough wood ashes for a plot
forty or forty-five feet square.

MAKING TREES FROM BEDDING PLANTS

G. G. S., PENN.—To grow lantana in tree form, follow
the directions given in the April Garpen Macaziner for
growing the heliotrope to tree form. Any variety in the
trade may be grown this way, with perhaps the exception
of delicatissima, which although a very profuse bloomer,
has very weak stems.

MAKING NEW RUBBER PLANTS

W. P. F., Penn.—If your rubber plant is growing in a
living room, the best way for you to get new plants is by
scoring the bark of the limb where you want the roots to
grow, and covering the injury with sphagnum moss, which
must always be kept damp. Roots will soon permeate
the moss, when the limb should be cut off and potted.

GROWING CAPE BULBS

C. D. J., Mass.—Separate your freesia and oxalis
bulbs from the soil and sort them. ‘The very small ones—
those of about the size of corn kernels—will not bloom
this winter, but should be grown on in separate pots, or
boxes. Sow them } in. apart. The large blooming bulbs
should be planted 1 to 1} in. apart. If you fail to sort
out the bulbs, or plant the larger bulbs too closely, you will
get only a few flowers.

MAKING HARDWOOD ROSE CUTTINGS

T. M. P., Maine.—As you do not have a greenhouse,
the best way to increase the number of rose plants is by
hardwood cuttings taken this fall, before the hard frosts
come. When the wood is thoroughly ripened, take cuttings
six inches long, tie them in bundles, and store in a cool place
over winter, in damp sand. Here they will callus before
spring. In April, plant these cuttings six inches apart,
in V-shaped trenches.

LIQUID PLANT FOOD

W. N., I:t.—Liquid manure is usually made by putting
fresh manure into water, a bushel of cow manure, or an or-
dinary bucketful of horse droppings, or a five pound pack-
age of sheep manure to a 45-gallon barrel will be found
plenty strong enough. Where manure is allowed to stand
in a hollow place with poor drainage, manure water col-
lects. This is not good for plants in pots or boxes, or in
greenhouses’ benches; it will sour the soil.

CHOICE SEPTEMBER FLOWERS

W. J. B., Mass.—Buy bulbs of Amaryllis Belladonna
in September. Potin a heavy loam, to which has been
added some bone dust and well-decayed cow manure.
Do not allow the bulbs to flower. Grow in a cool, airy
place and put outdoors during the summer. When the
bulbs begin to ripen—the leaves turn yellow—place the
pots on their sides in a sunny situation, and let them
bake until the flower spikes begin to show.

MAKE GOOD POTTING SOIL

J. A. H., Conn.—A good compost is easily made if
you can get sods about three inches thick from the sur-
face of an old pasture. Pile these in layers, grass side
down, with alternating layers of manure, using one part of
the latter to three of the former. Cow manure is better
than that from the horse, unless the latter is well rotted.
It is better to take the sod from the field in October or
November, when the grass has been killed. If the pile
is worked over two or three times during the winter, it will
be in good condition for use in the spring. A compost
heap may also be made in the spring; but it must be done
early in April before the grass starts.

CARE OF MANURE

A. R., New Jersey.—To give best results in the garden
stable manure should be piled under cover, and turned
over frequently enough to keep it from “burning.’? Horse
manure will need frequent turnings, but cow manure needs
little or no attention. When manure “burns,” the heat
from fermentation becomes so great that the ammonia
compounds in the manure are driven off, thus losing the
most valuable fertilizing quality it contains. You will
know when the manure is well rotted, by watching the straw,
or litter in it. “When this has lost its identity, the manure
may be called rotten; but manure is often used long before
it reaches this stage. Manure is better for being kept under
cover, as its soluble properties are not then leached by
the weather.

GROWING MUSHROOMS
IN YOUR CELLAR

O YOU know that mushrooms can be grown in your cellar or in a shed and _ pro-

duce delicious mushrooms for several months from one planting? If you are not in

the habit of eating fresh mushrooms you miss one of the most tasty and delicious of all
table delicacies.

Q Think of making beds in your cellar on a table or on shelves, or on the floor of an
unused outhouse! The only requirements are comparative darkness, an even, low
temperature, and pure culture spawn. The introduction of “ pure culture’ spawn two
or three years ago, which created such interest and comment on account of its ease of
culture, certain vitality and quality of yield, simplifies woncaerfully the raising of mush-
rooms.

@ Mushroom growing not only supplies your table with one of the most toothsome of
dishes during the winter months, but it gives you the pleasure of gardening during the
winter without a greenhouse or even
a coldframe! And the expense of
A SUCCESSFUL CROP GROWN IN THE CELLAR FROM PURE . awede,
CULTURE SPAWN spawn is trivial.

@ Now is the time to begin collecting the heating material for making beds to bear all
winter. Get the spawn, too, so as to be ready as soon as the bed is right.

@ Let us send you our booklet on mushroom culture which gives you the story in a
nutshell, with illustrations, and tells about our pure culture spawn, with prices. It’s
yours for the asking.

PURE CULTURE SPAWN COMPANY,
PACIFIC, MO.

CHICACO BRANCH: 604 LA SALLE STREET

A 20D MUSHROOM. NOTE TIiE SROAD CAP AND SOLIDITY

a or <n
It’s Our Business
USES

Get the New, Free
BEE

Such a handsome cover in gray and lemon yellow! Here’s a half-tone
cut of it, The inside matter is absorbingly interesting from the hive on
title page to the commutation ticket on page thirty-two. It gives pictures of

ean Mr. A. I. Root in 1855, in 1873 and in

S \ 1905. Also productions of Gleanings in

es is Bee-Culture when it was first started in 1873

(Vol. 1, No. 4) and a recent 1906 number.

The book is full of pictures. Its title is

““Bee Line to Profit.’’ The booklet gives

dozens of reasons why bee-keepers or other

persons who love bees and honey, should
subscribe to

Gleanings in
Bee-Culture

The eleven editors headed by
A. I. Root and E. R. Root have

each 4 page devoted to his picture

Country lifeinBmerten

~~ -nd we are the right ones to talk greenhouses to. There are just

‘finite hard and fast rules to be observed in greenhouse con-
s. _ ction as in the making of an automobile—that is, if you really
want to grow things and not put your money into a glass house
of endless expense and disappointing results. You read of the
wonderful things that the amateur does with his first year of © a
home made greenhouse”’ but the disappointments of the sec-
ond year are not recorded—save perhaps by a disgusted friend
who advises you to” keep out of it.” That is exactly our ad-
vice unless you are going to do it in a thorough way. To
meet the requirements of the would-be “ thorough-ways’’ we
have just printed a very interesting little booklet on How to
Get Started with a Snug Little Greenhouse,’”’ which is certainly
worth its five cents in stamps. Send for it.

HITCHINGS anp COMPANY,
GREENHOUSE DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS,

Manufacturers of

Heating and Ventilati g Apparatus,
1170 BROADWAY ._ : : : NEW YORK.

inc

\ (@ and a short biography and de-

scription of his department. These

ee editors make the strongest battery

of writers on bees and honey to be found anywhere.
This 32-page book should be in your hands. It’s free. It will be
promptly sent on receipt of your request. A postal will do.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY

Medina, Ohio New York City Chicago, Ill. _ Philadelphia, Pa.
Washington, D.C. St. Paul, Minn. Syracuse, N. Y. Mechanic Falls, Me

PEONIE

We can furnish roots in four sizes, 1, 2, 3 and 4
years old. Size is indicated by price, the lesser
The 1
and 2-year-old sizes are sent prepaid by mail or express.
The two larger sizes by express only, at buyer’s expense.

price meaning the 1-year-old roots, and so on.

RED SORTS

Ambroise Verschaffelt. Deep purple-crimson; large, cup-shaped bloom; date. Each,
size, 50c. ,
Berlioz. Striking large, bright currant red, very date. Each 50c.; 2nd size, 75c.

Decaisne. Large, full flower, bright, violet red.
Etendard du Grand Homme.
Each, 50c.; doz., $5.00.
Felix Crousse. z

ally bright, effective and desirable. Each, $1.00; doz., $10.00.

Each, 35c.; doz,, $3.50; 2nd size, 60c.

Louis Van Houtte. Color, deep velvety crimson; flowers large, very double, of good form and of
great durability; they have kept in perfect condition on the plants for over a week.
a very free-blooming and hardy variety. Each, 25c., 50c., $1.00, $2.00, according to size.

Deepest black; flowers very double and show no stamens. Each, 25c.;

Meissonier. Midseason.
2nd size, 50c.

Madam Bucquet. L
black. Magnificent variety. Each, 65c.; 2nd size, $1.00.

Officinalis Rubra Fl. Pl. The well-known crimson va-
riety of our grandmother’s days. The earliest of all
Peonies. Each, 20c.; 2nd size, 40c.

Richardson’s Rubra Superba. Very late; dark crimson;
very fine. The best late black without any stamens.
Each, 50c.; 2nd size, 75c.

WHITE SORTS

Boadicea. Creamy white cupped center, very fine. Each,
25c.; 2nd size, 50c. ~

Couronne d@’Or. Pure white, with reflections of yellow
in the center. Petals slightly imbricated; fragrant.
One of the finest of all. Each, 75c.; 2nd size, $1.25.

Festiva. Flowers pure white, large, double cup-shaped.
Ne similar to Festiva Maxima. Each, 75c; 2nd size,
$1.25.

Festiva Maxima. One of the largest and choicest of all
the white Peonies. Milk white, with a few carmine
spots in the center; flowers enormous size, often
measuring 7 to 8 inches across; very double and de-
lightfully sweet. The stems are long and strong.
Early bloomer. Each, 75c., $1.25, $2.00 and $3.00,
according to size.

Madam de Verneville. Late midseason. On strong
stem; very well formed, compact, full imbricated
blooms, literally packed with overlapping petals; very
broad guards sulphur-white, center delicate rose-
white with an accidental touch of carmine. Grand
for all purposes. One of the finest and most chaste.
Each, 75c.; 2nd size, $1.25.

Madam Crousse. Very large, full, well-made flower;
color snow-white, center petals edged with bright
carmine. Extra fine for all purposes. One of the
finest. Each, 75c.; 2nd size, $1.25.

Marie Lemoine. Delicate ivory white, very solid, mas-

LILIUM CANDIDUM

THE FINEST HARDY LILY THAT GROWS

This is one of the oldest, loveliest and best-known Lilies. The flowers, of which
there are three to twenty on each stem, are snow-white, with heavy yellow stamens and
of the most delightful fragrance. It is hardy, and will thrive in any ordinary garden
soil, preferring a position where it can get plenty of light and air. Blooms in the open
ground about June 20. We recommend early planting of this Lily, as it makes its
leaf-growth in fall, and thus prepares itself for early blooming. The bulbs which we
offer are of an improved type over those usually sold, the flowers being larger and the
petals thicker, which makes it more lasting.

Selected Bulbs, 85c. per dozen; $1.75 for 25; $6.50 per 100.

Mammoth Bulbs, 20c. each; 50c. for 3; $1.50 per dozen; $10.00 per 100.
«*Jumbo”’ Bulbs, 50c. each; $5.00 per dozen.

Queen Victoria.

Delicatissima.

ing to size.

2nd size, $1.25.
Mad. Chaumy.
Color, satiny pink.

Mad. Milleret.
carmine.
Mons. Jules Elie.
75c.; 2nd size, $1.00.
Mons. Rousselon.
Each 25¢.; 2nd size, 50c.

Large flower, bright reddish crimson shaded violet, extra fine.

Large full, ball-shaped bloom; brilliant red with ruby flamed center; exception-

Very pretty, perfectly formed bloom; color darkest velvety amaranth, almost

sive bloom, of extra size.
$2.00 and $3.90, according to size.

An A No.
fulland compact, with tine broad guard petals. Opens
flesh white, center petals tipped with red blotches.
One of the best cut flower sorts.
Festiva Maxima in time of blooming. Each, 25c, 50c.,
$1.00, $2.00, according to size.

LIGHT PINK SORTS

i This is one of the prettiest, most delicate
shell-pink varieties; flowers large, well-formed and
freely produced. Hach, 50c., 75c., $1.50, $2.50, accord-

Jeanne d’Arc. A very striking variety, producing a great
many large flowers. The guard petals are blush-pink,
with a distinct blush white center.
effect of the flower is a creamy pink. Flowers fra-
grant; plants very free and vigorous.

Flowers very large, double and full.

Each, 25c.; 2nd size, 50c.

Mme. de Vatry. Large flowers, guard petals clear flesh,
center sulphur-white with carmine stripes.
Each, 75c.; 2nd size, $1.00.

Light pink,

Each, 25c.; 2nd size, 50c.

Flesh pink, very large. Hatra, Kach,

Guard petals pink, center soft pink,
Triomphe de 1’Exposition de Lille.

with white reflex; very fresh and lively; rose shape.
Each, 60c.; 2nd size, $1.00.

S

25c.; 2nd

This is

Very late. Each, $1.00,

BRIGHT ROSE SORTS

Achilles. Fine large bloom, healthy grower, profuse
bloomer. Opens light flesh colored pink, finishing
blush-white, with an occasional creamy spot. An
excellent variety for all purposes. Midseason. Each,
25c.; 2nd size, 50c.

Duchess d’Orleans. Large bloom, carmine pink, center
salmon. Awtra. Each, 25¢.; 2nd size, 50c.

Edulis Superba. Fine clear bright pink, very early. Bx-
tra. Each, 25c., 50c., $1.00, $2,00, according to size.

Eugene Verdier, Large cup-shaped bloom, flesh pink,
shaded yellow and salmon, erect habit, very fine and
pleasing color, Hatra fine. Bach, $1.00.

Jules Calot. Large flower, bright carmine, pink, very
double. Fine cut flower. Each, 75c., 2nd size, $1.25.

Lady Lenora Bramwell. Beautiful shell pink. Each,
50c., 75c., $1.50, $2.50, according to size.

Madam de Galhau. Large, very full convex bloom with
closely set petals; color soft, glossy lilaceous pink,
petals bordered silvery pink. Each, $1.00; 2nd size,
$1.50.

Madam Lebon. Late. Very large, double flowers in
clusters; color brilliant cerise red; large petals
liguated with salmon, silvery reflex. Jive. Each,
35c.; 2nd size, 60c. %

Madam Ducel. Midseason. Perfectly formed globular
bloom; dwarf, vigorous habit; very free; color bright
silvery pink, tinted and marked with salmon and sil-
very reflex. Magnificent cut flower variety and fine
bedder. Each, $1.00; 2nd size, $1.50.

LILIUM HARRISII

CRUE. BE RM UD AL VE ASS SipEisem op waa

This mammoth white Trumpet Lily, with flowers 4 to 5 inches long, is the best of
all Lilies for winter forcing and flowering, because its grand trumpet-shaped flowers,
which give forth a delicious perfume, are wonderfully beautiful and expressive. For
blooming at Christmas it is best to order now. Our importations this
season will amount to nearly half a million bulbs, and we are happy to say that a better
lot of bulbs we have never offered.

First Size Bulbs which should produce from 5 to 8 flowers, 75c. per
dozen; $5.50 per 100.

Extra Size Bulbs, which should produce from 8 to 15 flowers, $1.80
per dozen; $3.50 for 25; $12 per 100.

Mammoth Bulbs, which should produce up to 20 flowers on a stalk,
30c. each: $3.00 per dozen.

‘*Jumbo”’’ Bulbs, supply very limited. 75c. each; $8.00 per dozen.

1 sort. Flowers very large,

Follows right after

The total color

Each, 75c.;

Late.

center cream, splashed with

Soft flesh pink

GERMAN IRIS, OR FLEUR-DE-LIS

One of the most desirable early spring flowering plants.

Lutea. A fine yellow variety, very showy.

Royal Blue. Deep purple, very early and free flowering.

No garden is complete without a collection of these beautiful flags.

Mme. Chereau. Pearly white, daintily edged lavender.

Hono abilies Ore LOWE petals brown, This is dis- | Snowhite. One of the best white sorts. Spectabilis. An early and free deep purvle.
queen of Gypsics. ecenane and bronze, feathered rich Pumila, Early flowering. Dark blue dwarf. Florentina. Free blooming. Large white. Mother of
plum white and buff. Celeste, Fine satiny blue. This is the most beautiful pearl center, Very early.
Walneri. Lilac, with lower petals dark blue. Iris and highly recommended for cut flowers. Grachus. Pale yellow, marked with purple.
Price: Strong, l-year-old roots, each, 15c.; 3 for 40c; doz., $1.50; per 100, $10.00. Special Offer No. 457: The set of 12 German Iris for $1.50, prepaid.

CHICAGO
84-86 Randolph St.

Do not forget to write for a copy of our Fall Bulb Catalog, mailed free

VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE

NEW YORK
14 Barclay Street

> paeta Qe eR Eo DD ese SPECIAL
OCTOBER A Complete Guide to Autumn Planting ,.usie vonser
1906 Classified Planting Tables for Bulbs, Seeds, Trees, Shrubs and Fruits 25 Cts.

Vol. IV. No. 3. Best Daffodils and Tulips—Flowers from Christmas to Easter— Planning the Fruit Garden $1.00 a Year

The World’s Work Country Life in America

CHICAGO a : mAVW » 2B " A ORAT y NEW YORI
1515 Heyworth Building DOQUBLEDA t 9 Ie, | CJL RE LS & 133 East Sixte

It Is Not Too Late
For Cold Frames
Hot Beds or
Greenhouses

From October to May these Cold Frames are filled with violet blooms. The southern exposure and protection
of garden fence at the north makes an excellent placing.

i

|N FACT it is just the right time to start bulbs to be in full bloom by the last of February. For dormant

roses, hydrangeas and such semi-hardy plants that beautify your grounds and stoops in the summer,
frames set over a pit about six feet deep at the back, with sides either boarded or having masonry walls,
make an ideal place to carry these plants through the winter, bringing them out in the spring in
splendid condition, ready to take their places on your grounds along with the robins’ return.

There is still time to transplant some parsley, or, by using the frames as hot beds, start another lot of lettuce, falielnes
and Swiss chard greens, etc.

So many of THe Garpen Macazine readers have taken to cold frames that we were deluged with all sorts of
questions as to growing possibilities, preparation of soil, how, what and when to plant, the difference between cold
frames and hot beds, etc., that we were driven to publish a little book called “ Two P’s or the Pleasure and Profit of
Cold Frames.” It answers most of the queries, tells what these frames will do and not do, has plenty of illustrations
showing their actual use, good locations and a reliable planting table besides. It also gives some suggestions how

to have tomatoes six weeks ahead of your neighbor, or the getting of a month’s start on rhubarb and asparagus.

We want you to have this booklet—want you to have it not only because of its “pleasure and profit” but be-

cause it also says something about our kind of greenhouses, the single compartment ones for the amateur or the more

LORD & BURNHAM CO., Greenhouse Designers and Manufacturers

1133 Broadway, Corner 26th Street, N. Y. BOSTON BRANCH: 819 Tremont Building

pretentious ones for private estates and extensive grounds.

= Garden Najaxtne

A charming Gane of curvilinear palm house, even span
general greenhouse and ornamental potting room, with
a library room for the employees.

Storage pit in connection with a greenhouse. Ona benchat - These frames both increase the possibilities of the greenhouse, and give a
the other end are grown violets. month’s start to the garden vegetables in the Spring.
; ry

|
«
|

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

TIFFANY & CoO.

Fifth Avenue and 37th Street, New York

Gold and Jeweled Bangles

Bangles and Bracelets quoted are in 14-karat gold

Open work scrolls and rosettes, burmese finish, with

seven amethysts, - 2 = : = each $38
Oval band, richly chased, Reman finish, with eight
torquoise matrix, - = - each $44
Open work, burmese finish, with cent peridots,
- - - - - - - each $50
Carved scrolls, and open work, burmese finish, with
six oblong amethysts, 2 = c = each $55

Rosettes and open work, burmese finish, with seven
aquamarines, 5 2 2 - 2 each $65

Renaissance scrolls, open work, burmese finish, with
six Montana sapphires, - . - - each $80

Double wire bracelet, with diamonds and_ seven
Montana sapphires set in platinum, ~ - each $95

Double wire bracelet, with diamonds and baroque
pearls set in platinum, = - - : - each $95

Plain Gold Bangles and Bracelets
Gold bangles, = each $13.50, $15.50, $17, $20
Gold chain bracelets, - each $15, $17, $20, $25, $35

Gold engagement bracelet, with permanent locking

catch, - = - each $18.50, $27, $28, $36

Photographs of above or richer bracelets sent upon request

Fifth Avenue New York

Tiffany & Co. always welcome a comparison of prices

Out-of-Town
Service

To those known
to the house, or
who will make
themselvesknown
by satisfactory
references, Tiff-
any & Co. will
send for inspec-
tion selections of
their stock

Tiffany & Co.
Blue Book

A compact cata-
logue without il-
lustrations— over
500 pages of con-
cise descriptions
with an alphabet-
ical side index af-
fording quick ac-
cess to the wide
range of Tiffany&
Co.’s stock, with
the pricesatwhich
articles may be
purchased. Pa-
trons will find this
little book filled
with helpful sug-
gestions of jew-
elry, silverware,
clocks, bronzes,
and other artistic
merchandise suit-
able for wedding
presents or other
gifts

Strictly
Retailers

Tiffany & Co.
manufacture
SOME Ee tor
their own retail
trade. Their
wares are never
sold to other deal-
ers, and can only
be purchased
DIRECT from
their establish-
ments in New
York, Paris or

London

98-102

A Real Farmer’s Almanac for

MH) GARD RNY Meas GsArZ NE

OcroseEeR, 1906!

1907

As Complete as the Dictionary and as well

made.

Farm Dates and Figures

The editors of FARMING announce an Almanac for 1907.
clear type and will be well bound.
contained and many other useful facts besides.

of the farm, field and home.

The Calendar for 1907.

Signs of the Zodiac and What They Mean.

Astronomical Calculations.

Eclipses for 1907.

A Description of the Planets and When They are
the Brightest.

The Moon: What its Effect is on Weather and Crops.

When the Seasons Begin and End.

Church Days and Movable Feasts.

How to Obtain Standard Time.

Morning and Evening Stars for 1907.

Table of Tides.

Rates of Postage.

Freight Classifications.

Game Laws of the United States and Value of Game
to the Farmer.

Legal Holidays in the Various States.

What the Names of the Months Mean.

Rules for Foretelling the Weather With and Without
a Barometer.

Brief Description of the Weather Bureau, its Free
Service and the Meaning of the Weather Signals.}

Average Annual Rainfall in the United States.

Organization of the United States Department of Agri-
culture, What its Special Purpose is, and How it
Will Help the Farmer. With the Name and Director
of Each Bureau.

Name and Location of all of the State Experiment Sta-
tions With a Note of Their Free Service to Farmers.

Farmer’s National Congress.

National Dairy Association.

National Wool Growers’ Association.

National Forestry Association.

National Good Roads Association.

National Bee Keepers’ Association.

National Federation of Horticultural Societies.

National Nut Growers’ Association.

National League of Commission Merchants.

National Live Stock Breeders’ Association,

Names and Addresses of Officials in Charge of Farmers
Institutes.

Southern Cotton Associatiou.

The Free Service of the Government

Not a Patent Medicine Advertisement

Cooking Recipes |

It will be printed on good paper, from
It will contain everything that its predecessors have
It will cover completely all subjects of interest

The following is a partial list of the subjects covered.

CONTENTS

Patrons of Husbandry (National Grange) its Purpose
and Names of its Officers.

Acreage, Production, Value, General Information and
Statistics of the Principal Farm Crops, Fruits and
Vegetables of the United States in 1906.

Wheat, Oats, Rye, Barley, Buckwheat, Cotton, Sugar,
Hay, Rice, Hops, Potatoes, Onions, Beans, Flax,

Information and Statistics of the Live Stock in the
United States,

Cattle, Horses, Mules, Sheep, Poultry, Milk, Butter,
Egg and Cheese Statistics.

Principal Insect Enemies and Diseases of Crops and
How to Identify Them.

Formulae of Insecticides and Fungicides.

A Spray Calendar.

How and When to Spray.

What Fertilizers are Composed fof and the Special
Requirements of Certain Crops.

Formulas for Mixing Home Made Fertilizers.

How to Buy the Best Fertilizer for the Least Money.

Definition of Terms Used in Discussing Fertilizers.

How Grain Will Shrink.

How to Measure Corn in Crib, Hay in Mow

Rules for Business Farmers.

Farm Arithmetic.

Some Extracts from Poor Richard’s Almanac.

Farm Laws.

Descriptive and Comparison Tables of the Metric
System.

Population of Cities, States and Countries.

Dates of Conventions and General Political News.

Talks to Boys and Girls.

The Patent Medicine Curse.

Domestic Animals in the United States.

Religious Denominations of the United States.

Value of the Coins of all Nations.

Rulers of all uc Countries in the World.

The Panama Canal.

Some of the Principles of Farm Law as Based on the
Common Law.

The World’s Record for a Mile for Automobile, Horse,
Steam Yacht, Locomotive, etc.

Loss of Life by Lightning in the United States.

Height and Weight of Men and Women.

Wealth of Nations.

Value of Co-operation among Farmers. |

When and How to Get the Best Market Price for |
Farm Products. :

Points to be Remembered in Buying Horses, Cattle, |
Sheep, Hogs and Other Live Stock. |

The Way to Get Rid of Mosquitos and Flies.

Height of the Highest Mountains and Depth oi the Sea.

Progress of Forestry, Good Roads, Dry Farming and |
Irrigation in 1906.

Presidential Elections with Popular and Electoral Votes. |

Facts for Breeders.

Value of Different Foods for Stock.

Simple Remedies for the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, |
Sheep, Poultry, ete. i

A Farmer’s Model Vegetable Garden. ;

Planting Time Table of Fruits and Vegetables and
Field Crops.

Distances Recommended for Planting Fruit Trees.

Usual Distance for Planting Vegetables.

Seeds Usually Sown to the Acre.

Number of Years Seeds Retain Their Vitality.

How Deep in the Ground to Plant the Field Crops
and Vegetables.

How Long it Takes for Various Crops and Vegetables
to Mature.

How to Estimate the Cost of Farm Buildings.

Surveyor’s Measure.

Some Simple Rules of Health.

First Help in Case of Accidents.

Care of the Sick.

How to Revive a Drowning Person.

Legal Weights of the Bushel in the Various States.

The Many Uses of Kerosene Oil, Salt, Lemon, and
Other Simple Things.

Cooking Time Table.

Information for the Cook.

Useful Recipes and Household Hints.

Poetry, Anecdotes, Jokes, Charades, Puzzles.

Ktc, Ete.

We ask our subscribers as a particular favor to send us any suggestion or criticism that may
occur to them sothat we may make it not only the best Almanac but at the same time

A Perfect Farm Reference Book

Address all suggestions to THE FARMING ALMANAC EDITOR, 133 East Sixteenth Street, New York

'Ocrozen, 190 Ae Geach DENT MGAVG SAY ZION B 103 |

THE FROG BOOK. By Mary Cc. DICKERSON. Frogs and

toads have been comparatively neglected in nature study; but here is one of the

most fascinating nature books it has ever been our good fortune to publish—a work

of reference which is authoritative and complete, yet as readable as “nature

NATURE BOOKS|

color and nearly 300 black and
THE TREE BOOK. By JULIA E. ROGERS. “The most valuable,

accurate and elaborate book ever published in America on our native trees,” says The New York Herald. 350 beautiful photographic

white, from photographs by
the author.
($4.34 postpaid. )

neracions (16 inicolon) by =. Dues How to Attract the Birds The Brook Book

more. ($4.34 postpaid.) By NELTJE BLANCHAN. 110 photo- By Mary RocGers MILLER. 16 photo-
Our Native Orchids graphic illustrations. ($1.49 postpaid.) graphs; 65 text cuts. ($1.49 postpaid.)

By Wm. Hamitron Gipson and H.L.|} Nature and the Camera

JELLIFFE. 58 illustrations by Gibson. By A. RADCLYFFE DUGMORE. 53 pho- pile Na cuneestudyaldca

By Prof. L. H. BAILEY. ($1.10 postpaid.)

($1.49 postpaid.) tographic illustrations. ($1.49 postpaid.)
Flashlights on Nature | Among the Waterfowl Nature Biographies
By GRANT ALLEN. Nearly 150 illus- | By Herbert K. Job. 98 photographic By CLARENCE M. WEED. 150 photo-
trations. ($1.49 postpaid.) | illustrations. ($1.49 postpaid.) graphic illustrations. ($1.49 postpaid.)

North American Birds’ Eggs. By Cuester A. REED, B.S. (Illustrator and Originator “Color Key to North American
Birds.”) 660 half-tones and 275 pen-and-ink sketches. ($2.75 postpaid. )

HOW TO MAKEA VEGETA.- |. Ferns and How to Grow Them

| BLE GARDEN. By Epirs L. By G. A. Woo.son. Treats of the
FULLERTON. 250 photographs. growing of hardy ferns both in the gar-

($2.20 postpaid.) | den and indoors. ($1.10 postpaid. )

/HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER | Roses and How to Grow Them

FOR AMATEURS, PROFESSIONAL GARDEN. More than 200 photo- | By Many Experts. In text practical ;
FRUIT GROWERS AND graphs. ($1.76 postpaid ) in subject and quality of illustrations,
FARMERS ALIKE: A Plea for Hardy Plants beautiful. ($1.10 postpaid.)
HOW TO MAKE A FRUIT By J. WILKINSON ELLIOTT. 50 illustra- How to Make School Gardens
GARDEN. ByS. W. Frercuer. Hons; bindig~boards-5 (1-7 0ipestpaid:) | by H. D. HEMENWay. 10 illustrations
The 200 photographs will whet your How to Plan the Home Grounds | from photographs. ($1.10 postpaid. )
appetite. ($2.20 postpaid. ) By S. Parsons, Jr. 56ill. ($1.10 p-paid.) |

THE FARM LIBRARY
COTTON. By Pror. C. W. BurKeETr and C.H. Por. A classic

of its kind for the historian, farmer, manufacturer and merchant.
Copiously illustrated from photographs, 63 in all. ($2.20 postpaid.)

FARM ANIMALS: Cows, Horses, Sheep, Swine, etc. (/x Press.)

THE SOIL: How to Handle and Improve It. (Ready in Spring of 1907-)

THE POULTRY BOOK. By Harrison Weir, F.R.H.S.,and Many American Specialists,
under the editorship of PRor. W.G. JoHNson. The Country Gentleman says: ‘It is indeed rare
to find a treatise so inclusive, so practical and so attractive.’ The New York Times: “Its color
plates are veritable works of art.” Three volumes. 36 color plates and 636 other pictures.

($13.60 subscription. )

How to Keep Bees. By ANNA BoTsroRD Comstock. Many photographic illustrations.

; ($1.10 postpaid.)

The First Book of Farming. By Cuarrrs L. Goopricu. 63 pages of photographs.

($1.10 postpaid. )

a

Flashlights in the Jungle ,Country Homes of Fa-

By C.G. SCHILLINGS. 390 mous Americans. By Or-
startling photographs. IVER BRONSON CAPEN. Sump-

| .$4-18 postpaid.) tuously illus. ($5.50 postpaid.)
| Camera Shots at Big | Two Little Savages

ony, Vee ; eS Game. By Mr.and Mrs. A.G. By ERNEST THOMPSON SETON.
i THE DOG BOOK—Now Comp le le | ae ee 65 photogravures 256 marginal drawings and 29

In ten parts, or two volumes. By JAMES WATSON. | and half-tones. ($5.25 postpaid.) full-page illus. ($1.92 postpaid.)

( The only adequate treatment of the dog in America. The | The Country House
New York Telegram says: “There has been nothing written | To California and Back a. set y E =
1] = : Fa | By Cuas. Epw. Hooper. 380
or published pertaining to dogs By Hicerns and KEELER. 311 } This, (G2.Ao NES
su : 2 J 3 photo. illus. ($3.30 postpaid.)
| which has quite equalled this illustrations. ($1.65 postpaid.) 3 esta. eens
j work.” Illustrated from photo- | .| The Life Worth Living
graphs, engravings and rare paint- | Freckles. By Gener Srrat- By Tuomas Dixon, Jr. 32
ings. Per part, $1.10 postpaid. TON-PoRTER. Elaborately illus- photo. illus. ($1.32 postpaid.)
Complete, in two handsome vol- | trated and decorated. ($1.50) | A Year in a Yawl
eee | By RussELL DouBLEDAY. Ful-
| waren . ly illustrated. ($1.37 postpaid.)
{ scrip- COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD's WORK Tye GARDEN Driving. By Francis M. WARE.
tion. aera EEE = 113 illustrations and very elaborate
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEw YORK. gold binding. _ ($1038 postpaid.)

104

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

1906

OcTOBER,

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given.
Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 133 E. 16th St., New York

14 pens competing.

the same show.

At Albany, N. Y., we made a clean sweep.
offered, except one third—64 Buffs competing. Also eight specials, including silver cup for best
display—all varieties competing.
Our Black Minorcas are bred for egg production and shown for exhibition only,
Stock and eggs for sale at right prices.

FRANK W. GAYLOR, Megr.,

GEDNEY FARM POULTRY YARDS

S. C. Buff Orpingtons
S. C. Black Minorcas

We breed our prize Winners and can sell you birds that will enable you to do the same.

Cornish Indian Games
White Wyandottes

At Madison Square Garden we won first and Club special on S. C. Buff Orpington pen—
Also third pullet—39 pullets in the class.

Our Buff Orpingtons won every regular prize
On C. I. Games we won two ist, four 2d and three 3d at

Satisfaction guaranteed.
White Plains, N. Y.

CLOSING OUT

All my entire breeding stock, including my
For Sale: imported and prize winners, and about 3,000

youngsters at prices never heard of before, from the following
varieties :

Buff, White and Black Orpingtons (Sin-
gle and Rose Comb); Buff, White and
Barred Rocks; Buff, White and Laced
Wyandottes; Bulf, White and Brown
Leghorns; Brahmas, Minorcas, Ducks.

4o years among poultry and now have one of the largest and best
equipped poultry establishments in America, and can fill large
orders for breeders or show birds at short notice.

Circular Free.

LOUIS C. BEATTY, Box 174, Washington, N. J.

Originators of all the
Orpington Fowls

' WM. COOK & SONS

' Box 33, Scotch Plains, New Jersey,
jy (also of England and 8. Africa). st. 1873

" lf you want the best Orpingtons, any of the ten
') varieties, it ig natural that you must send to us, their
*4 originators, for them. Winners of over 8,500 cups and
y prizes. Largest winners wherever we show.
EGGS from the finest Orpingtons in the world,
$10 per. setting; from exceptionally fine

stock, 35 per setting. All guaranteed.

Orercron Pouttry Journat, 5 cts.; yearly, 60 cts.

We have thousands of Orpingtons mated up.

Inspection of poultry farms cordially invited. Trains
met. Advice free.

The Frog Book

An interesting and practical
work on ‘‘How to Breed,
Feed and Raise Frogs.’’
Sent postpaid for $1.00.

MEADOW BROOK FARM
Allendale, N. J.

Open
z iy
SCL
ml ZY
Does,

AND AQUARIA SUPPLIES

SEND FOR PRICE LIST

KEENAN’S SEED STORE
6112-6114 Wentworth Avenue, CHICAGO

STRENGTH
DURABILITY
ECONOMY

These are the characteris-
tics of Page Fence. Strong
because made of high car-
bon double strength Page
Wire. Durable because it
will spring and not break.
Economical because it re-
quires fewer posts, no
repairs and lasts.

Our catalog tells all
about it. Write us.

PAGE WOVFN WIRE FENCE CO.

Box 831, Adrian, Mich. a

bh PHEASANTS for YOUR
COUNTRY HOME

Do you know that if given the same
care that well bred poultry receives,
pheasants will do well in
g any state in the Union?

Think of having a wonder-
ful Argus pheasant from the dense forests of Sumatra and Java or
the gorgeous Ho-ki pheasant from Tibet which becomes as tame
asa chicken, the superb Swinhoe’s pheasant from Formosa, and
others of this remarkable species.

Pheasants, the most beautiful of all game birds, will give your
country home distinction and interest. I import and breed Pheas-
ants, also Quail, Grouse, Partridge, Blackgame, Capercailzie,
Tinimos, Ducks, Swans, Geese, Cranes, White Peafowl, etc.

Write me your wants.
CHARLES F. DENLEY, Naturalist,

72 HICKS STREET, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
Farm, New City, New York

Dr. Payne’s Sanitary Poultry House

Has given universal satisfaction, Plans complete for build-
ing House, Self cleaning Roosts, Sanitary Nests for $1,00.

SANITARY POULTRY SUPPLY CO.
219 Schaefer Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Poultry Success rae
You need never fail in poultry-raising if you

provide warm dry quarters and the right kind of
food for your fowls—fattening food is not good
for laying hens.

Plenty of Eggs

My “‘ Vigor”? Scratch Food puts and keeps hens in good
laying condition. $2 per 100 lbs., $36 per ton.

I have Cypher’s Incubators, and all the best Foods, Medi-
cines, Roofing Materials,and Poultry Supplies. Illustrated
catalogue free.

Stokes’ Seed Store 219 Market St., Philadelphia
Walter P. Stokes of the late firm of Johnson & Stokes,

Scottish Terriers

Offered as companions. Not
given to fighting or roaaming—
Best for children’s pets.

NEWCASTLE KENNELS
Brookline, Mass.
HANDSOWE
VIGOROUS

COLLIE{PUPS

Sable and white and tri-color pups, from eight weeks to
eight months old. All are eligible for registration,
being very highly pedigreed and combining the blood
of the present day winning strains with that of practi-
cally all of the famous collies of the past. Price
from $10.00 up, according to age and quality. Corre-
spondence invited, but please state wants specifically.

HARVALE FARM KENNELS, Midland Park, N. J.

SUN-DIALS

» with or without PEDESTALS
ID Send for Lilustrated Price List H

" Hartmann. Bros. Mfg. Co.

sees Willi a
New York Office, 1123 Broadway

Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

|

Fall Bulbs,
Shrubs and Seeds

Fresh Stock, Rare varieties, sure growers.
Everything for the garden and greenhouse,
including small tools, Horticultural and
Poultry supplies. Fall Catalogue now ready
is one of the most comprehensive books of its
kind ever issued. Sent free.

JOSIAH YOUNG, 23 Grand St., Troy, N. Y.

FOR FALL PLANTING

Hardy vines, Plants, Peonies, Phlox, Iris,
Shrubs, Bulbs, Fruit and Ornamental Trees,
Roses. Full line. Wholesale prices. Buy
direct from grower. Write for free Catalog.
~ GROVER NURSERY CO.
SROvERS 94 Trust Building,
GROW, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

arp Dld fashioned
jOlants flower Gardens

including Phloxes, Bell-Flowers, Larkspurs, Poppies,
Garden Pinks, Day Lilies. etc.
Catalogue on application,

FOR

Peonies.
Iris, Also fine collection o!

novelties.

FREDERIC J. REA Norwood, Mass.

Wanted: Situation as Manager of Country Place

by Scotsman, aged 27, single. Experienced farmer and gardener
Four years in present place as gardener. Address

Alex. Lamond, care of J. G. Marshait, Esq., Quissett, Mass.

TREES For 81 Years

ave maintained their record—
HIGHEST QUALITY, LOW PRICE. Free

| catalog superb fruits—King David, Bl’k Ben,
Delicious apples, etc.-STARK Bro’s, LouIsiana, Mo.

Make [lore Money
on Fruit Crops

Everyone who grows fruit, whether a large com-
mercial grower, or one who has only a few fruit
trees, a berry patch or a garden, should be inter-
ested in knowing how to get the most profit from
his crops.

ST. JOSEPH. MISSOURI
is the only magazine in America which is devoted
exclusively to the interests of those who grow fruit.

It is handsomely illustrated, and contains from 36
to 76 pages each month. It tells all about fruit of

all kinds—and nothing but fruit—how
to market, how to pack, cultivate,

€\ spray, prune, how to MAKE MORE

4 MONEY from your crops. Sample
J copy will be sent free. Regular price
is a dollar a year, and each subscriber
is entitled to a choice of auy one of
our series of ten “Brother Jonathan” Fruit Books
—the best in existence.

Three Months Free

We are soconfident The Fruit-Grower will please you that
we will send it to you three months absolutely free if you will
mention paper in which you saw this advertisement. If, after
three months, you like the paper, we will make you a special
offer for twelve months more. Ifyou don’t like it, notify usand,
we will take your name off the list. The three months will cost
you nothing. We offer Cash Prizes for new subscribers—write
for particulars. Write your nameand address in blanks below
and mail to Fruit-Grower Co., Box. C. St. Joseph, [Mo.

FRUIT-GROWER CO., ST. JOSEPH, Mo.

I accept your FREE three months’ trial offer. At end of three
months I will either pav fora year’s subscription or notify you to stop
paler: In either event there is to be NO charge for the three months’
trial.

Name

Route or P. O. Box Number

Town

:

iGeroner. 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 105

whe New Cyclopedia

American Horticulture

By PROFESSOR LIBERTY H. BAILEY

Over 4,357 articles in all by 450 expert Writers occupying 2,100 pages and covering 24,434
plant names. 2,800 detailed illustrations, enormously increasing the ease of identification
to the amateur, and 146 beautiful full vage illustrations.

If you are interested
in gardening, in farm-
ing, in trees and shrubs,
in out-of-door matters

NEW £ NEW enerall ou abso-
: CYCLOPEDIA. 8 YY

, OE Can or E ee Ee ae lutely need this cyclo-
A mae q mca HORTICULTURE pedia. @ As this new
BAILEY. | Bauer sin and complete edition of
Prof. Bailey’s Cyclope-

dia now stands, carefully
revised and corrected
to date, new material
alone containing over
one hundred full page
illustrations, and a most
invaluable synopsis of
the vegetable kingdom
by Dr. Wilhelm Miller,
Editor of THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE, it must re-
main the standard
work on this subject
foryearstocome. f#

In its six great quarto volumes of 2,100 pages you will find:

Descriptions alphabetically arranged of all—over a thousand—of the native trees, plants,
and flowers worth cultivating, with keys enabling you to name any species, as well
as to find all information regarding it. @ Practical articles by leading experts of the
country on all phases of commercial plant production and greenhouse manage-
ment—cut flowers, vegetables, etc. @ Fullest cultural instructions of every.
flower, fruit, and vegetable, tree and ornamental plant you may wish to grow.

Abounding in new ideas, fertile in timely hints, wide in scope, and minute in detail.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD’s WORK ia THE GARDEN
IN AMERICA _ FARMING MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

Mail us the attached cou-

pon and let us send you

our circular with spe-

cial inducements.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OcTOBER,

TO SATISFY A READER

A reader of one of our magazines which
prints each month a page or two of “The
Talk of the Office” has written to criticize
these talks, because, as he puts it, ““you devote
yourself in each magazine to throwing bou-
quets at the other three.”

Surely a sad fault which we shall hereafter
strive to conceal if we fail entirely to correct.
Our correspondent adds:

“Why don’t you write about your establish-
ment asa whole? Tell us for example how
many manuscripts you receive a year, and how
you examine and decide upon them. How big
a plant have you any way? How many branch
telephones? I hear that you dictate your letters
into phonographs—do you? What will you edify
us with next fall and winter? Any prizes for
ideas or contributions?”

WE BEG TO REPLY:

The reason (or excuse) for indulging in the
pleasant task of ‘‘throwing bouquets” came
from a belief we had that the magazines them-
selves as a finished product might by some
grace of good fortune be interesting. ‘To
reply to questions as to how they were made,
would mean a very tiresome reiteration of
accounts of plans which failed to materialize.
The plans which do materialize speak for
themselves. Such writing would make dull
reading indeed, and even the flowery language
of bouquet throwing were better. Another
reason is that when we give facts and figures
we realize that they must seem small and
unimportant—as compared with the results
shown by our more distinguished contem-
poraries. We had the notion that since
Doubleday, Page & Company is but six
years old, it would be better to wait until
the facts grew important enough to discuss.
However, we will try to answer some of the
questions propounded, not all at once, but a
little each month if our courage and the good
nature of our readers hold out. ‘This month
we will reply to the query

ABOUT MANUSCRIPTS

We wonder if our correspondent realizes
how delicate a subject he asks us to discuss;
but to answer categorically:

About a thousand book manuscripts a

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to ’t with delight.”’—A xtony and Cleopatra.

year, and a good many tons to the maga-
zines, of which we keep no continuous
record. With every one we do the best we
can, going through the entire mass, page by
page, in the search for something new and
interesting.

It is a surprising thing to see year after
year that so large a proportion of the writers
feel that their work will not be fully and care-
fully examined unless it is sent with a letter
of introduction or various explanations of a
personal nature that have ‘“‘nothing to do
with the case.” We buy literary material
and pictures because we think by printing
them in book form or in our magazines they
will, in the fullness of time, be appreciated by
our readers, not because someone in the office
went to school with the sister-in-law of the
nephew of the writer’s husband.

Another interesting thing to note is the
really high average standard of the work.
Even if so much of it is impossible to find
market for, three-quarters of it could well be
printed with dignity and would interest some
people. Comparatively few of the manu-
scripts are silly or illiterate.

Every year we receive scores of novels
which come finally to that heart breaking
point where one asks,‘‘Isn’t this book as good
as Blank’s story which you published and
failed to sell—or succeeded in selling?” Un-
happily, people do not buy because a book

will bear the test of just so much quality any

more than because it has so many pages.
There is only one reason, and that is the single
elemental one—because they want it. And
the publisher does not live who can tell with
any scientific accuracy why readers do or do
not want a book.

The editor of these notes has often been
asked how many books have we refused that
made a large success when issued by some
other house. We can think of three, and one
of these we declined because of its character—
which some people found no objection to
though they criticized us for printing other
books which we thought highly of and be-
lieved we ought to print.

We feel our great responsibility most keenly
as we contemplate a pile of manuscripts

FFICE: |

a &

two feet high on the table, the literary takings
perhaps of a single day. It requires no great
amount of imagination to see in one’s mind’s
eye the loving labor which has gone into the
writing and preparing of every one of these
pages. Each manuscript represents months,
and in most cases years, of work. The feeling
comes forcibly to the mind of a reader who
studies this great mass of writing with the
persistent and patient eye that most of these
good people have written a book, not because
they had a consuming message for the world,
but because they liked the idea of writing a
book. Far be it from us to suggest that the
desire to publish a book is not a worthy one,
but it makes hard work for the manuscript
readers.

Almost every letter which comes also asks
for immediate decision. This may be natural,
but we wonder if the writers realize that in
most cases the longer the time taken in reach-
ing a decision the greater the appreciation of
the work. An utterly poor book is the easiest
thing in the world to decide upon. A promis-
ing manuscript is often read by six or eight
persons in the search for more light and
guidance.

“HOW TO MAKE A FRUIT GARDEN”

This book has been in preparation for so
long that we despaired of ever getting it out,
but it is finally ready, uniform with “How to
Make a Vegetable Garden” and “How to
Make a Flower Garden.” After all the trials
and tribulations it has gone through we think
it a good book, and one which will last as a
cuide, philosopher and friend. The author
is Prof. S. W. Fletcher, and the price is
$2.00 net. (Postage 20 c.)

WOULD YOU CARE TO PICK UP
$50 or $25 AS A PRIZE?

The Vacation Number of Country Lije in
America has come to be a feature. Now is
the time to get material for next year’s issue.
The magazine offers $50 for the best vacation
idea and smaller prizes for articles describing
original vacations which are possibly of less
value. Particulars are given in this month’s
issue of Country Life in America.

190G |

SS

eS

gpa

ae

jocromen, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 107

OBER,

| CovER DESIGN—China Asters and Hardy Phlox - = = = = s ey & 5 = 5 e ss pS ee = n
: PAGE PAGE
S Yi GRoWING MuSHROOMS ON A PING-PoNG TABLE Louise Shaw 125
| Tae GaARDENER’S REMINDER - = : - : =) 1D) D MS O} 35
| re) P Pet Z Photographs by B. M. Duggar and author
HE Best TUuLies FOR OUTDOOR PLANTING cter Zuger 110 : ;
7 DIGGSNS [> lows: Teath andl ators ‘ ToMATO VARIETIES FOR SUCCESSION - E. D. Darlington 138
| ~ ~ .
Tue Best DAFFODILS FOR OuTpOOR Prantinc A. M. Kirby 113 RIPENING GREEN TOMATOES 2 B: - E.M. Barron 140
| Photographs by H. E. Angell, and others I O rece is
NT oF ) ANT OCTOB gee - - = = = =
Some SucGESTIVE BuLB BEDS) - - - WN. R. Graves 116 MPORT
CLASSIFIED TABLES FOR FALL PLANTING - Harold Clark 118 MAKING CUTTINGS AND SOWING SEEDS IN Fait H.H. Pepper 146
, Photographs by the author
THE BARBERRIES WORTH GROWING = John Dunbar 122
: = Ticiasewis ty Nik Cesanloies THE CALIFORNIAN’S REMINDER - - - Ernest Braunton 146
4 aN. ~U )

' Pranninc THE Howe Frurr GARDEN - = 9. Wi Hiletcher, 125 GARDEN PUBLICATIONS - - - - = = - 146
| Seance Maxine Lear Morp - = ~ - - Phineas Nolte 150
| Frow 4 4 £ C S EASTER - S
| Frowers Every Day From CHRISTMAS TILL Eas
I. M. Angell 128 THE Fatt CARE oF LAWNS - = SS UA ISS ge
\ Phot hs by the author y us
| = ie THE WHOLE Story oF BULB CULTURE IN A FEW Worps -
' Ratstnc YouR OWN EVERGREENS - - John Dunbar 130 Thomas McAdam x54
} Photographs by N. R. Graves Me
! THREE Montus oF DAFFODILS - - - A.M. Kirby 158
| Burss tHat Broom Ovurpoors IN MarcH Thomas McAdam 131

Photographs by H. G. Taylor and N. R. Graves ANSWERS TO QUERIES = 2 = = - - =. Io

WILHELM MILLER, Epitor.—Coryricut, 1906, ry DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
Entered as second-class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879.

All that perfect sanitation can contribute
4h to domestic health, is present in the
= bathroom equipped with ‘Standard’ ware.

S Bs THE sanitary one-piece construction, the pure snowy surface and
HY. the artistic form of “Standard” ware, makes it a delight to use and
a constant source of pride
to the possessor. Its
presence lends dignity
and beauty to the most E
luxurious as well as
modest home. —

For reasons of health to every member of the family for
its comfort and convenience, economy and increased
value of the house, “Standard” Porcelain Enameled Ware is
preferred by the well-informed house owner as in a class
unapproached by any other kind.

Our Book ‘‘MODERN BATHROOMS” tells you how to plan, buy and arrange
your bathroom, and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive as well as luxurious
rooms, showing the cost of each fixture in detail, together with many hints on decor-
ation, tiling, etc. It is the most complete and beautiful booklet ever issued on the sub-
ject and contains 100 pages. FREE for six cents postage, and the name of your
plumber and architect (if selected). The ABOVE FIXTURES No. P-27, described in
detail among the others, can be purchased from any plumberata cost approximat-
ing $89.75 — not counting freight, labor or piping.

CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Hare bears our “Standard” ‘Green and Gold’’ cuar-
antee lahel, and has our trade-mark “Standard” cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-mark
are on the fixture itis not “Standard” Ware. Refuse substitutes—they are all inferior and will cost
you more intheend. The word “Standard” is stamped on all our nickeled brass fittings, specify them
and see that you get the genuine trimmings with your bath and lavatory, etc. -dddress

Standard Sanitary Wig. Co.,

Dept. 37, Pittsburgh, U. S. A.
Offices and Showrocms in New York: “Standard” Building, 35-37 West 31st Street
London, England, 2:) Holborn Viaduct, E. €. New Orleans, Cor. Baronne & St. Joseph Streets

ST STE ES BE
MEALS t

108 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcroperR, 1906

DY LILIES

ALL, PLANTING

D> aN LL Lilies are better for Fall planting, but many varieties

of Japanese Lilies do not arrive from Japan before the
ground freezes up. [here is one method, however, by which
they can be planted late in November or in De-
cember, and that is to cover the ground in which
they are to be planted before it freezes with 8 to
12 inches of stable manure. This will prevent

the ground from freezing, and the manure can be
removed and the Lilies planted upon their arrival. We
will not deliver until Spring any varieties of Lilies
which do not arrive until after hard freezing
weather, unless instructed otherwise. We repack in
sand Lilies arriving too late for fall delivery and store them
in a cold cellar until Spring, when they are delivered as

early as possible.

LILIUM SUPERBUM

If there is a more satisfactory Lily, or hardy plant of any kind,
than our splendid native Superbum Lily, we do not know it. Either
in the garden or for naturalizing it cannot be surpassed. In good
soil it will grow eight feet high and produce twenty to thirty of its
beautiful orange-red flowers in July, when bloom in the garden is
not over plentiful. For vigor and reliability they are unequaled.
Ten years ago we planted several hundred in a rough part of the
grounds of one of our customers. [hey have been allowed to take
care of themselves ever since and take their chance with the grass
and other wild plants that have tried to crowd them out, but there were
more of them, and they were finer this season than ever before. We
have secured a very large stock of first-class bulbs, which we offer at specially
low prices for immediate delivery. Extra selected bulbs, 12 for $1.50, 25 for
$2.50, 100 for $8, 250 for $17, 500 for $30, 1,000 for $55.

JAPANESE LILIES "227g.

Per doz. 10 Per doz. 100

Auratum (Gold-banded Lily) Speciosum album. 8 tog inches $1 50 $10 00

Sito Qunches\y<.) 9s) Gin miet- 1 OLQONE SHONSO) oitomaminchesa eee 250 1800

gito)rr inches 75-5 =) 1 501) {x1 00 HMMM 5 6 5 5 5 5) BRD BGO
trtorzinches . . . . . . 275 2000 §peciosum Melpomene. Similar

11 to 13 inches, selected bulbs. 3 25 22 00 to Rubrum, but more brilliant in

Longiflorum. The Longiflorum color. —
has large, pure white, trumpet- 7to 9 inches SHEDS Oo pe oa: Sai) | Gel)
‘ shaped flowers like the Bermuda ~ g to 11 inches PD. oo ashe PRY CYe)
\ Easter Lily, but is perfectly Speciosum Rubrum, or roseum.
\ hardy. z Pink. 8toginches. . . . . 135 goo
iy : ito);xzjinchesiyy semen bo RAS 1) OO)
BLO Zins oo 6 Joo <o fo SSiEsi5© 9 : 73 3
} Of ORES 55 5 6 6 60 74 AR Monster Bulbs. . . , . 240 1700
(A Cen oo 6 on od 0 CS) 4/ CD) The Speciosum varieties of Japanese Lilies are
g to 10 inches 1 60 12 00 most beautiful and of the easiest culture

NA TIVE JORIETES: READY FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY

Per doz. 100 pertdiehe re6

Canadense flavium. Our dainty, beautiful native Canadense mixed ..... po 0 0 | a7 H5Od

Lily; graceful and charming yellow flowers . .f$100 $700 Philadelphicum. Orange-red with black spcts 100 700
Canadense rubrum. Red flowers. A most lovely Carolinianum. The only sweet-scented native

and graceful Lily; fine for planting in the grass of Lily 5295. es

orchards or meadows. . - nites EHS ON LTEOO: Grayi. A dainty little Lily of great beauty Bak 4 3.00 2300

(Our Fall Catalogue, containing a complete list of Japanese, American and European Lilies, Hardy Plants,
Roses, Shrubs, Trees, Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, and everything suitable for Fall planting, will be sent on request.
New customers are requested to send references or remittances with their orders,

ELLIOTT NURSERY “COMPANN

J. WILKINSON ELLIOTT, President. PITTSBURG. ere

The Garden

Vot. IV—No. 3

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

OCTOBER, 1906

agazine

( ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
) TEN CENTS A Copy
DOUBLE NUMBERS, TWENTY-FIVE CENTS

The Greatest Invention in the
History of Floriculture
Or upon a time people gardened

only in the spring. And when the
autumn came, the land was filled with mis-
chievous doings for the lack of innocent
pastimes.

In those days there arose a great Prophet
and a great Inventor.

And the great Inventor made a pilgrimage
to the humble abode of the great Prophet and
said: ‘“‘O Seer, I want to do something for
humanity.”

“Invent a new game,” said the Prophet.

“And what is the best possible game for the
people?” asked the Inventor.

“Consider the fable of Hercules and
Antzus,” replied the sage.

Then the Inventor withdrew and pondered
upon the seven-times-vanquished giant whose
strength was ever renewed by contact with
his mother Earth. And so Fall Planting was
invented.

In those days it was possible to secure a
universal and perpetual patent. So the
people gratefully paid annual tribute.

And the revenue thereof was very great,
and the Inventor gave an equal share of it
to the Prophet.

Now the Invyentor’s share supported all the
universities in the land.

But the Prophet took his money and made
a garden; for he wished to delight his soul.

But even the garden of his heart made no
impression upon his money.

So he took the revenue and bought bulbs.
And he scattered them over the land until
every home had a garden and was full of
flowers.

And the people lived happily ever after-
ward.

Morat.
fall.

Plant something every day this

THE FOUR OVERWHELMING ARGUMENTS
FOR FALL PLANTING

You avoid the spring rush.
You can select varieties more intelligently.

Less danger of “substitution.”
More time to do a good job.

THE ONLY OBJECTION POSSIBLE

The only danger is that certain plants will
be killed by the winter.

But the list is a small one, and the plants
are not half so important as the conditions
under which they are planted.

Both things are quickly understood. Any-
one with common sense can be on the safe
side. But to add wonderfully to one’s enjoy-
ment of home life requires some imagination,
and for many people fall planting is a perilous
flight of fancy. Read the rules on page 118
and you will come down safely.

THE GREAT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON HARDINESS

The first horticultural convention of world
importance held in America was the Hybrid-
ization Conference of 1902, which gave a
wonderful impetus to intelligent plant breed-
ing. We are happy to announce that there
will be held in this country a great Inter-
national Conference on Hardiness. This will
occur in 1908, the exact time and place to be
announced later. The choice of theme is
nothing less than an inspiration. We all
know something about hardiness—or the
lack of it—to our cost, yet none of us knows
as much as he wants to.

We ought to have complete lists of the best
hardy trees, shrubs, perennials and fruits
for every locality.

We also need to know what will not en-
dure our winters and why.

‘And most of all we want to know some
cheap, easy way to protect plants that are
not quite hardy in our locality. For haven’t
you noticed how often the plants we most
ardently desire are on the ‘“‘doubtful list”?
In fact, the doubtful list is always composed
of plants that are better than anything of the
kind we can have without a greenhouse.

What Philadelphian, for instance, does not
envy the Washingtonian his specimens of
Magnolia grandiflora, the grandest evergreen
tree of the subtropical regions? Yet the two
cities are only four hours apart.

HOW YOU CAN HELP

Consider what one feature of fall planting
not practised in your community might be of
the greatest value to you and to your neigh-
bors.

Try some one experiment looking in that
direction which will not cost more than you
can afford, and try it on a convincing scale.

For example, no one plants annuals in the
fall. Yet we know that you can sometimes
get'sweet peas two months earlier than usual
by means of fall sowing.

There are two drawbacks to annual flowers
as compared with perennials—they cost more
to care for and they are later in coming into
bloom.

Yet if we could safely plant the most im-
portant annuals in the autumn when we have
more time and when labor is cheaper and
easier to get, the force of the first objection
would be spent.

And wouldn’t you like to demonstrate that
some one favorite annual flower can be had
in May instead of July by means of fall
planting ?

It would be no mean contribution to the
science of floriculture and the happiness of
mankind.

Why not make some experiment in fall
planting and send a full account to Leonard
Barron, Secretary of the International Con-
ference on Hardiness, in care of THE GARDEN
MacazinE, New York.

YOU CAN CREATE NEW AND INSPIRING
GARDEN PICTURES

By naturalizing a thousand of the poet’s
narcissi in some meadow, wood, orchard
or bank of stream. (Cost $5.00.)

By scattering in your lawn a thousand
crocuses, the gayest flowers of March.

_ (About $3.00.)

By planting a hundred bulbs of the sweetest
blue flower that anyone ever found in his
lawn, Scilla Sibirica. ($1.25.)

By planting a thousand giant snowdrops
on the chance that a late snowstorm will give
you an effect like that on page 132. (About
$5.00 for 500.)

By planting 10,000 trilliums in an uninter-
esting bit of second-growth woods which now
supports only grass and cows. ($70 to $100.)

THE JOYS OF A COMPLETE COLLECTION

Why not have fifty varieties of tulips, com-
prising practically all the important species
and varieties so that everybody will want to
come to your lawn party next spring and rave
over the wonderful colors? (Fifty each of
fifty varieties, $60 to $75.)

Or a collection that will enable you to
understand what the English daffodil craze is
all about? (Say a dozen each of fifty kinds,
about $25 to $40.) qe oe

Or six each of the twenty-five best hardy
lilies, except the high-priced ones. (About
$25 to $35.)

These are the three best hardy bulbs for
hobby riders. Your whole family will get
the craze and you will become famous in
your town as a connoisseur. You will know
all the varieties. Every flower of a tulip,
daffodil or lily is a thing to be separately
handled and loved.

For important routine work see page 140.

An effective border planting. The tallest growing variety,WaKen van Leiden, in the
rear; the others, Rose Luisante and L’Immaculée. About 600 bulbsin a bed 2x 100 ft.

The Best Tulips for Outdoor Planting—by Peter Zuger, *+

For combination planting in circular beds, select tulips of the same height and
season of bloom. These are Belle Alliance, red, and La Reine, white

Conn.

SELECTIONS OF COTTAGE, EARLY AND FANCY VARIETIES, BY THE MAN WHO HAS FOR THE
LAST FIVE YEARS PLANNED THE FAMOUS BULB DISPLAYS IN THE HARTFORD CITY PARKS

Oe must ever be very highly, es-
teemed for early spring flowers, be-
cause they give such gorgeous results for such
alittle trouble. Practically all you have to do
is to plant the bulb in the ground this fall,
and reap the harvest of bloom as soon as the
frost departs. Indeed, considering the slight
cost of good bulbs, and the little trouble in-
volved, is it a wonder that more and larger
plantings are not seen in our private gardens.
The most striking effects are produced by
massing contrasting colors.

The last week in October, and the first in
November is the best time for planting, and
it is well to have the ground in good condition
ahead of this time; but planting can be done
all November. The advantage of early
planting is that the bulbs get,their roots well

The showiest, tallest and largest-flowered garden tulip

is Giant Gesneriana, deep scarlet. Flowersin May

Z

Make the bed highest in the centre. On light soil
put a layer of manure one foot deep and cover with
loam and sand, on which place the bulbs. On heavy
soil, mix sand and manure with the top foot. Plant the
bulbs five inches apart and the bottom four inches
below the surface of the finished bed

developed before winter sets in. When pre-
paring the bed, shape it so that it will shed
water; in other words, the centre of the bed
must be higher than the edge. If the soil be
poor, remove a depth of ten or twelve inches,
put in a 2-inch layer of well-decayed manure,
cover this with a few inches of good loam,
followed by a 4-inch layer of sand. The
bulbs are then set on the sand in the desired
design, about five inches apart each way, and
covered with four inches of good loam. The
soil around the bulbs should be well firmed to
prevent heaving by frost.

If the soil is heavy, it is best to mix well
together the manure, sand and soil, for a
depth of about twelve inches. This will in-
sure better drainage. After shaping the bed
so that the centre is a few inches higher than
the edge, place the bulbs on the surface about

110

five inches apart, and then witha dibber plant
them so that the base of the bulb is about four
inches below the surface. No further atten-
tion is necessary, but it will be well to cover
the beds lightly after they have been frozen
to a depth of two or three inches, with leaves
or litter, to prevent continual thawing and
freezing. ‘The bulbs themselves are hardy.

If tulips are planted in the hardy border,
the bulbs may be left in the ground, to come
up year after year, but when planted in beds
that are to receive summer flowers, the bulbs
have to be removed, and may be saved for
planting the following November.

After they have flowered and the leaves be-
gin to turn yellow, the bulbs should be dug
up with a spading fork, and spread out in a
shaded situation, to dry, when they may be

Tulips in mixed colors please because ofthe dazzling
brilliance ofthe flowers. Doubles last longest

OcToBER, 1906

stored on a shelf until planting time arrives.
The offsets that form around the base of
these bulbs should be planted separately in a
sandy loam, where they can develop into
flowering bulbs, which usually takes from
two to three years.

There are hundreds of named varieties
offered by the dealers in their catalogues, each
one of which has some special merit—maybe
of season of bloom, of striking color, or com-
parative height. These varieties are distinct
and are also satisfactory in other respects’

EARLY SINGLES IN SCARLET AND CRIMSON

Brutus. The earliest scarlet, very bright
with a very slight yellow feather on the edges.
Grows 8 inches high.

Artus. Brilliant dark scarlet, a few days
later than Brutus. Grows 8 to ro inches high.

Belle Alliance. The best bright scarlet
in the early flowering section. Grows about
to inches high. The flower lasts well.

Couleur Cardinal. Rich, dark red, with a
bright crimson edge, a little later than the
foregoing varieties. An excellent tulip of
rigid habit. Grows ro to 12 inches high.

Thomas Moore. Rich orange scarlet.
Grows 12 to 15 inches high; sweet-scented.

Keiserskroon. Vivid red, with a broad
deep yellow margin. Grows 15 inches high,
lasts well. An-excellent tulip in every respect.

PINK FLOWERED EARLY SINGLES

Rose Grisdelin. The dwarfest and best
bright pink bedding tulip. Grows only 6
inches high.

THE BEST EARLY YELLOW SINGLES

Chrysolora. The best early yellow bedder.
A large and beautiful flower. Grows 10
inches high.

Canary Bird. Clear yellow. Grows 10
inches high; very early.

Pottebakker. Pure yellow. Grows 12

inches high. A well-known. large flower.

Double flowers last longer than single, and are good for

cutting. Couronne d’Or, best rich yellow, early double

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Early single tulip, Thomas Moore. Orange-scarlet; 12
to 15 inches high, fragrant

Yellow Prince. Rich golden yellow; large
and sweet-scented. Grows 12 inches high;
very early.

Mon Tresor.
Large flower.

Grows ro to 12 inches high.

MAY-FLOWERING OR COTTAGE TULIPS

These are the most popular for the average
garden, coming into flower from one to two
weeks later than the early varieties.

As cut flowers they are superior, lasting a
week or more in water. ‘They are of a free
and graceful habit, and grow from 18 to 24
inches high, bearing flowers of brilliant color-
ings on long, strong stems. ‘They can be
used with great effect in both borders and
beds, either in solid colors or in combina-
tions. Among the best of this section are:

Giant Gesneriana. Dazzling crimson-
scarlet, with metallic blue-black centre.

|
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\
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Good type of the single{early tulip. Prince of Austria.
Orange-red, fragrant. Good for bedding only

111

Grows 2 feet high. The showiest, tallest,
and largest-flowered of all tulips.

Golden Eagle. Deep yellow. Similar, ex-
cept in color, to Giant Gesneriana.

Bouton d’Or. Deep, rich golden yellow,
with dark centre. A small flower, but very
effective; considered by many to be the finest
yellow tulip.

Nigrette (the black tulip). Jet black in
color, resembling in form Bouton d’Or.

Shandon Bells. When opening the flowers
are a delicate primrose, flushed with pink,
changing as they age to rosy carmine.

Maiden Blush, or Picotee. A beautiful
white flower, the edges changing to clear pink.
Very dainty in effect, and long lasting.

Florentina. A very small bulb that bears
one or two large, handsome yellow flowers on
each stalk.

WHITE SINGLE EARLY

Pottebakker White. The best early white
bedding tulip. Grows ro to 12 inches high.

White Hawk. A _ beautiful large pure
white. Grows 10 to 12 inches high.

La Reine. White, slightly tinted pink; 10
to12inches high. Excellent form; lasts well.

L’ Immaculée. One of the dwarfest and
earliest of pure white tulips. Grows 6 inches
high.

DUC VAN THOL FAMILY

The varieties of this group form a distinct
class of themselves. They come in scarlet,
red and yeuiow, yellow, crimson, rose and
white. They are grown because they are
among the earliest to flower; the different
colors come into bloom simultaneously, and
the plants crow to the same height, 7 to 8
inches high. ‘There are also a double yellow
anda double scarlet Duc Van Thol.

DOUBLE FLOWERING TULIPS

While these are not equal to most of the
single ones in brilliancy, yet they are valued

Yellow,

May flowering or Cottage tulip, Golden Crown.
splashed with red. Good for cut flowers

TYPES OF THE SIMPLY AND BRILLIANTLY COLORED EARLY AND GARDEN TULIPS

112

because the blooms are more lasting. Early
varieties, such as Duc Van Thol, Murillo,
Imperator Rubrorum, Titian and the Tour-
nesols are valuable for forcing. The later
flowering varieties will not bear forcing but
are very effective in beds and borders. The
following are the best for bedding purposes:

Couronne d’Or (Crown of Gold). The best
double yellow bedding tulip. Grows 10
inches high.

Yellow Rose. A beautiful yellow, growing
same height as Couronne d’Or; later and
more fragrant.

Tournesol Yellow. Shaded with orange.
Grows 8 inches high.

Rex Rubrorum. Bright scarlet.
inches high.

Imperator Rubrorum. Similar in height
and color with Rex Rubrorum, but flowers
earlier. ‘The best double scarlet.

LaCandeur. The best pure white double
tulip. Grows 8 inches high, and when
planted in combination with Imperator Ru-
brorum is very effective.

Rose Blanche. Pure white. Grows 8
inches high. Excellent for bedding. Earlier
than La Candeur.

Salvator Rosa. Deep rosy pink. Grows
7 inches high. Early.

Murillo. The best light pink; long lasting.
Grows only 6 inches high.

Grows 8

PARROT OR DRAGON TULIPS

There are but few varieties in this curiously
interesting section, which is not very popular,
because the flowers lack the neat precision
that seems to be part and parcel of a tulip.
The petals are irregularly cut, and fringed in
a variety of colors. They have a striking and
showy effect in borders, where they propagate
freely if left to come up year after year. The
few good varieties are:

A flamed and feathered rose, Reine Miranda. An
ideal “rectified”’ flower of the late or florists’ tulip

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Bybloem tulips are marked with brownish or
purple tones on a yellow ground. La Victoreuse
Each grower has his own named Kinds

A rose tulip, marked with shades of red on a white
ground. Named varieties of ‘“‘broKen”’ tulips are not
usually catalogued

Constantinople. Red, striped orange, with
black markings.

Lutea. Clear yellow, feathered with red
and green. Very large. ;

Rubro Major. Bright crimson, large flower,
very rich in effect.

Markgrave of Baden. Yellow, flamed with
scarlet; very showy flower.

Carmoise Brilliant. Brilliant carmine.

Tulipa Greigi. A vigorous growing tulip,
attaining a height of r5 inches. The foliage
is broad and green and heavily spotted with
brown; flower goblet shaped, orange-scarlet,
from 4 to 6 inches in diameter.

THE BEST MIXED COLORS

Tournesol. Red, with narrow edge of
yellow. Grows 8 inches high.

Titian. Red, bordered yellow. Grows 8
inches high. Similar to Tournesol, but with
larger yellow margin.

Marriage de ma Fille. Crimson and

OcToBeER, 1906

white, flaked and finely striped. Grows 12
inches high. Late.

DARWIN TULIPS

These are all breeder tulips of vigorous
growth. usually reaching more than two feet
high. The many varieties cover a great
range of self or solid colored, finely formed
flowers in the following shades: slate helio-
trope, mahogany, claret, cherry. They are
especially desirable for the hardy border, and
bloom late in May.

THE FANCIER’S CLASSIFICATION

Young tulips raised from seed are called
“seedlings” until they have bloomed. When
they first flower they are called “‘breeders.”
These flowers are invariably of one color
throughout, although the seed may have been
saved from variegated blossoms. After some
years the petals of these hitherto self flowers
become striped, and they are then said to
“break,” or “‘rectify.” If the stripings are
clearly marked and of good pure colors, the
flowers are spoken of as having a good strain.
A “rectified” tulip is synonymous with a
tulip having a good strain. These rectified
flowers are divided into the three classes: bi-
zarres, bybloemens, and roses.

The bizarre tulip has a yellow ground with
shades of orange, brown, scarlet and crimson.

The byblcemen havea white ground, marked
with black, brown, lilac, lavender, etc.

The rose has a white ground, variegated

with shades of crimson, pink, scarlet, cerise.

The various classes of rectified tulips have
the petals either feathered or flamed. A
feathered tulip has a dark colored edge, grad-
ually becoming lighter toward the centre of
the petal, often shaped like the flame of a
candle. Sometimes a tulip is both feathered
and flamed.

A well formed and finely marked bybloem, Maitre
Partout, red and pink on a white ground

TYPES OF “RECTIFIED” OR “BROKEN” LATE FLOWERING FLORISTS’ TULIPS

a

Twenty-five per cent.
discount on all orders
received before Fune 15

i

son

To obtain the choicest quality
for fall planting and spring
flowering—Order Now.

SCHEEPERS’ MAY FLOWERING TULIPS

ey reputation for supplying bulbs of the highest quality
has been built during a quarter century of service to the
finer American estates and gardens.

To encourage an appreciation of these superior bulbs in the
finer varieties among a wider circle of garden lovers, we have
made a reservation in Holland of a supply of the tulips illus-
trated, for delivery and planting this fall.

Order at once, as supply is limited. It is not necessary to send
money now. You will receive a bill for payment when bulbs
are delivered. Prices quoted are for five bulbs of a variety.

ca ‘
i

i—Ellen Willmott . . . $ .50 10o—The Bishop . . . . $2.50
2—Bleu Aimable. . . . 75 Ti INWOOD 5 6 6 a 0 ways
3—Bronze Queen .. . 50 12—Yellow Perfection . . 50

ISG oo aso 0.0 0 LofS 13—Princess Elizabeth . . Gis

G—Wullee G5 6 0 of 6 BBS 14—Valentin . .... 80
6—llome SONY 526 6 6 OLS 15—Louise de la Valliére . 2.00
GRC 5 6 6 0 0.. LofS WO—jtenthy 5 6 6 0 6 50
8—Clara Butt .=.. . 50 17—La Tulipe Noire .. 50
g—Aphrodite ... 2.00 “$21.05

If ordered before Fune 15th, you will benefit by discount of 25%.
Thus this collection of 5 each of these 17 superb varieties, (85 bulbs)
individually labeled, with full planting directions, will cost $15.79.

Catalogues on request. Please
mention specific interest

| Numerous gold medals, trophies J) O IBLIN fs C HE Ja Je 18) 1S 5S,
| and other highest awards have Flower Bulb Specialists
New York City

iN C.

We guarantee to replace gratis
any bulb which does not produce a
perfect flower under ordinary care

been received for Superior Quality

22 Fifth Avenue

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Fibve Board Authorities

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—

Two methods of “‘natural”’ planting for daffodils.

The Best Daffodils for Outdoor Planting—By A. M. Kirby, <=

The essential puint is the avoidance of regularity in both the form of the masses and their distribution

Jersey

ADVICE FROM A PROFESSIONAL BULB EXPERT WHO HAS MADE DAFFODILS A PERSONAL HOBBY,
‘ HAVING TESTED IN HIS HOME GARDEN EVERY VARIETY COSTING LESS THAN $2.00 A BULB

ECAUSE of their bright colors and in-
finite variety of form, the daffodils
appeal irresistibly to the lover of hardy
spring flowers. True, their colors are
grouped within a very narrow range of yel-
low and yellowish white, with a very few
pure white, and some of the early new kinds
have wholly red trumpets, such as ‘‘Red
Star.” The very coloring, however, like
rays of sunshine among the green, is espe-
cially welcome among the burst of gorgeous
hues that we get from the other spring bulbs,
such as the tulips and hyacinths. The long
trumpets or daffodils proper, are the best
known. The short-crowned kinds include
the poet’s narcissus and the cluster-flowered
Tazettas, of which the so-called Chinese
sacred lily is the most popular type. There
are a host of species and hundreds of varieties,
and the various sections have been hybridized
and crossed one with another, till only the
connoisseur can successfully thread his way
through the maze of modern introductions.

In this country are several amateurs who
possess fine collections, but I do not know
of anyone who has bulbs worth over $5 each,
and from this price down to 5 cents each,
hundreds of distinct and beautiful varieties
may be selected. Some English amateurs
have bulbs which they value at $250 each.

A close club of six wealthy daffodil lovers
has been formed to buy up any new seedling
of special merit which has not yet got into
commerce. When one of the band of six
dies, his bulbs of the exclusive daffodils
are to be distributed among the remaining
members of this monopolistic club. Under
this compact, it is not unusual for some of
the members to pay $500 for the entire stock
of some especially fine new daffodil, and if

such “‘stock” consists of only one or two
bulbs, they like it all the better.
It is in the hardy garden border, with its

‘old, rich, deeply prepared soil, that daffodils

attain perfection. Little colonies of the
different varieties interspersed among the
various herbaceous plants and shrubs are
most beautiful when in bloom. There they
seem to fit their setting and thrive better
than under any other method of culture,
and the protection and partial shade of the
other plants prevents the rich coloring
(especially of the red rimmed daffodils) from
fading out. For formal bedding on the
lawn, daffodils are not adapted.

Plant in the open border, any time between
August and November; the earlier, the
better, because daffodils like to make roots
earlier in the fall than most other fall bulbs.

The poeticus types, especially, under
nature, commence to throw out new roots
almost before the old roots have died off.
They thrive in almost any good garden soil.
The only thing to avoid is ‘‘wet feet,” that
is, stagnant water in contact with the bulbs,
and manure. Manure is all right if it does

not come nearer than an inch below the

bottom of the bulbs. Pull up a sickly look-
ing daffodil in the spring and you will usually
find the bulb has been surrounded by manure,
which has burned off the roots, if any were
made.

For my daffodils I always select a plot of
ground which was heavily manured for a
preceding crop, and when it is dug and pre-
pared in the fall for my daffodil bulbs, I
simply add bone meal and some high grade
commercial fertilizer.

The depth to plant varies according to
soils. In sandy soil, plant deeper; in heavy

118

soils, shallower; in average loamy garden
soil have the top of the bulb two lengths of
the bulb from the surface of the ground. Err
in having the bulbs too deep, rather than too
shallow. ‘The deeper the bulbs are planted,
the later will the flowers appear, but they
are often all the better for that. About four
years ago I had occasion to fill in a border
against the house, raising it about two feet
at one end. I forgot all about the clump of
double Van Sions which had ripened off, and
did not show above the surface. The next
spring, much to our surprise, up popped the
daffodil buds, about ten days later than
usual, but the flowers were larger and finer
than ever before, and they have flowered
every spring since, although the bulbs must
be two and one-half feet below the surface.

NATURALIZING IN THE GRASS

All daffodils may be “naturalized,” that
is planted out in the meadow, broadcast, and
let alone, but the big, high-priced thorough-
breds will gradually revert to the wild, simple
form. For this reason it is folly to buy the
more expensive sorts for this purpose. The
work of planting should be done after a rain,
when the ground is soft. Have an old
spade handle sharpened like a dibber. Eight
inches from its point fasten a cross piece,
for the foot to rest on when thrusting the
point into the ground. Press the point into
the ground clear up to the cross piece, then
wiggle the handle a little, to make the hole
larger at the bottom, and remove it, and put
in your bulb, big end down, and fill in with
earth. The distance apart to plant is a
matter of taste or money, but they should not
be farther apart than six inches.

I cannot say positively which are the best

114

daffodils—the best yellow, the best white,
andsoon. My purse has not allowed me to
indulge in bulbs costing over $2 each. Many
new and supposedly superior varieties are
catalogued in Europe at from $10 to $50
per bulb. I have grown many varieties,
but their cost has been from 5 cents to $2
per bulb. Between these values there is
to be had a selection of from 200 to 300
varieties—sufficient to give satisfaction and
pleasure to all but the extremest daffodil en-
thusiast.

BEST DAFFODILS FOR OUTDOOR PLANTING

The best extra early yellow trumpet that
I have grown is Early Bird, but earliness is
its merit. Compared to Glory of Leiden,
which has flowers five inches across, about
three weeks later, it is a pigmy.

The richest golden trumpet is Trumpet
Maximus, but it’s a shy bloomer. It must
have a specially congenial situation, and be
planted six to eight inches deep, in moist
but well-drained soil. Under such con-
ditions it will sometimes throw up flower
stalks three feet high.

The best all-round yellow trumpet—for
garden, naturalizing, pot culture, forcing,
and cut flowers—is Golden Spur.

Among the all-yellow trumpets that I
have grown I recommend the following:
Early—Ard Righ, or Irish King; large, does
best in partial shade. Early Bird; I have
had it in flower in the open April 12th.
Golden Spur; Free. Good for cutting. Mid-
season—Emperor; a fine flower of much
substance. Maximus; shy blooming, but
of superb color. Late—Glory of Leiden;
the biggest and most lasting flower.

Among the white-winged, or bicolors, I
like: Harly—Victoria; very large and of
lasting substance. Midseason—Empress;
large-and fine, rich yellow trumpet. Horse-
fieldi; earlier than Empress; very hand-
some, but is becoming diseased. Late—
Madame Plemp; a large, bold flower. Gran-
dee; for succession; dwarf, but free flowering.

Among the all-white trumpets I recom-
mend: Harly—Cernuus Albicans; a very
graceful ‘‘Swan’s neck.” Mrs. Thompson;
strong, free flowering and large. Princess
Ida; small, but curiously edged with yellow
at the mouth. Midseason—William Gold-
ring; a distinct “Swan’s neck,” with per-
ianth petals overhanging the trumpet. Late
—Madame de Graaff; most beautiful, and
largest. =

Among the lesser types of the long-crowned
daffodils, and desirable for a collection, are:
Johnstoni; a good naturalizer. Thin,
graceful flowers of yellow. Cyclamineus;
little yellow cyclamen-like flowers three
inches long. Bulbocodium; hoop petticoat
shaped flowers of ;white or yellow. Pretty
in pots, or on rock work. Humei; Hume’s
dog-eared daffodils. Small straight trum-
pet, with overhanging perianth petals like
dogs’ ears. The tridymus group, a series of
new hardy cluster flowered daffodils.

THE MEDIUM-CROWNED OR CUP DAFFODILS

These are hybrids, between the Ajax
(trumpet) and the Poeticus races, and have

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Trumpet daffodils, showing the range of size. Glory
of Leiden the largest Known; and Queen of Spain. In
the centre the fragrant Jonquil rugulosus

the greatest variety of form and coloring,
many with red-rimmed crowns, and one or
two new and expensive varieties have the
crown entirely red. Crosses between yellow
trumpets and the poet’s narcissus have
produced the popular Incomparabilis (early
and midseason) and Barrii and Leedsil
(late) sections, flowers having medium
length crowns, richly colored.

Among the Incomparabilis varieties that
I prefer are: Early —Sir Watkin; large
and handsome, very free, full yellow. Mzd-
season—Autocrat; every flower as perfectly

If you have double Van Sion as good as this, take
good care of the bulbs. The trumpet is well defined
and the flower without a trace of green

OcToBER, 1906

formed as if?cut out with a die; full yellow.
Stella Superba; white perianth and yellow
cup. Very handsome as a cut flower. Late—
Beauty; large, handsome star-like flowers of
yellow, crown edged orange red. Gloria
Mundi; large flower, the cup heavily mar-
gined with red.

Of the Barrii group I select: Conspicua;
a large flower, yellow, with bright red edged
crown. Flora Wilson; white perianth,
yellow crown, edged red; very striking.
Sensation; perianth white, crown canary,
edged red.

Specially suitable for naturalizing and
cutting are the varieties of the Leedsii group,
all having white petals, and a white or sul-
phur-white cup. Duchess of Westminster;
large and beautiful. Katherine Spurrel;
hooded, white perianth, cup canary yellow.
Mary Magdalene De Graaff; broad spread-
ing perianth of white, crown cream, suffused
terra cotta. Mrs. Langtry; pale creamy
yellow, remarkably free flowering and ex-
cellent for cutting.

SHORT-CROWNED OR SAUCER DAFFODILS

This group is typified by the poet’s nar-
sissus, with its very short or shallow cup.
Hybrids, with some of the larger cupped
sorts, having large, flattened, disc-like cups
prettily fluted, are known as Burbidge’s and
Engleheart’s daffodils.

Among the varieties that I have grown,
and recommend are: Midseason—Burbidgei;
Baroness Heath; yellow, with orange red
cup. Crown Princess; cream white, light
yellow cup, edged orange. Late—Sequin;
glistening white, with flat golden cup.

The two best varieties of the fragrant and
pure white poet’s narcissus, and flowering
earlier, are: Ornatus (midseason), and King
Edward VII; a large form of Poeticus
ornatus, but it is more expensive.

The new hardy cluster flowered ‘‘ Poetaz”
group is the result of crossing the poet’s and
the tender Polyanthus (N. Tazeita). I
specially like Elvira, which grows two feet
high, bearing fragrant poeticus-like flowers
in clusters of three or four.

DOUBLE DAFFODILS

There are no new double daffodils. The
most important of the double daffodils is
Telamonius plenus, popularly known as Van
Sion. This is grown by the million. The
ideal form is a well filled, clearly defined
trumpet. Unfortunately, there is a tendency
to burst the trumpet. Mr. DeGraaff of
Holland says Van Sion will come with unburst
trumpets one year, and burst the next, from
no accountable reason. Another Holland
grower says it bursts from heat. I know
that in our oldjhome garden we had a row of
Van Sions that for years produced double
trumpets and never burst. And I also know
that practically all of the planting stock of
Van Sion bulbs now comes from Italy
or the South of France, and though they are
grown a year or two in Holland, or in the
British Isles, to get rid of the green color,
yet sufficient care is not taken to select the
desirable form of the old double trumpet,
which is practically going out of existence.

Double Jonquil, a valuable novelty because it
lasts when cut much longer than the single form. Deep
yellow, fragrant

If you have any bulbs that never burst their
trumpets, guard them carefully.

Other desirable doubles are: Cernuus
plenus; a double form of the white Swan’s
neck. Capax plenus; the ‘‘Queen Anne’s
double daffodil”; a star-like flower of six
regularly superimposed rows of six petals
each. Sulphur Phoenix; popularly known
as ‘“‘codlins and cream,’ with rose-like
flowers having pale and golden yellow petals
interspersed.

The ‘‘double Campernelle” is a rare
variety growing about two feet high, bearing

Queen Anne’s daffodil. The regularly imposed se-
ties of petals gives a unique, starry effect. A very old
variety but not much grown

from two to six flowers to a stem, and a
strong bulb throws up from two to six stems.

eep golden yellow, and fragrant. The
pure white double poet’s narcissus cannot
be recommended because it so often fails to
flower.

A TRICK FOR CUT FLOWERS

Cut daffodil flowers when only half open,
place the stems in cold water, and let the
flowers expand in shade and coolness. This
will preserve all of the richness of coloring
of the variety, which is likely to bleach in

Elvira, the best-of the new poetaz type of saucer
daffodil; has the color and fragrance of the poet’s nar-
cissus, and the many-flowered cluster of the sacred lily

the hot spring sunshine. This particularly
applies to the réd-rimmed varieties of In-
comparabilis, Barrii and Poeticus. Cut
flowers developed in this manner are more
lasting and are often larger than those allowed
to develop on the plant.

An essential to successful indoor cultiva-
tion of the daffodils is moisture in the at-
mosphere. The Chinese narcissus, for in-
stance, will often fail to expand its blos-
soms in the dry heat of a living room, while
in the kitchen or laundry most Juxuriant re-
sults are attained.

Gloria Mundt. One of the very best of the medium The poet’s narcissus. Very fragrant, late flower
crown or cup section; flower larger than the average: ing. Of several varieties ornatus is the most reliable
The crown has arichred brim, petals yellow and flowers early in May

115

Orange Phoenix. Intermixed petals of light and

dark yellow. One of the easiest to grow in any sit-
uation. There are no new large doubles

Some Suggestive Bulb Beds—By H. R. Graves, %%

SS

AN
NJ

Hyacinths that have been forced can be planted permanently in the border. The earliest of the very large trumpet bicolor daffodils, Horsfieldi; flowers over
These bulbs have been undisturbed for seven years, Cover lightly with leaves in 3 in. in diameter. About 300 bulbs are used as foreground to shrubbery. Cost
the fall, as otherwise the frost and thawing may “‘heave”’ them about $10. For permanent beds Empress, later and stronger, is better

y
al

maak
e\s i
bias

NEA

BAL

ok

Five thousand bulbs in mixed early and late tulips. These gave continuous The stiff looking hyacinths are well adapted for planting for formal effects along
bloom for six weeks and cost about $50. The bulbs can be left in the ground, adriveway. This bed contains 550 bulbs; La Peyrouse, porcelain blue, in the
and portulaca would continue the color scheme in summer centre, edged by Ida, yellow. These flower at the same time

116

The besi combination of double tulips, Rex Rubrorum (red) and La Candeur Making the most of asmall bed. This plot 5x10 ft. was planted with 225 Rose
(white). These two varieties flower simultaneously, and last the same length of Luisante tulips (pink), costing about $10. Pansies between the tulips came into
, time. This bed, 9x18 feet, requires 500 bulbs, costing about $10 flower next, and were cleared out for summer plants in June.

TDW

Wh.

| A red, white, and blue effect in hyacinths. This 10x 15 oval bed took 350 bulbs, A combination bed of three single tulips, L’ Immaculee (white); Chrysolora
| Gertrude (light red), British Queen (white), La Peyrouse (light blue). The red vari- (yellow); Belle Alliance (crimson). The secret of success lies in selecting vari-
ety sometimes flowers later than the others. Cost about $50 eties of the same height and season of bloom. Diameter of bed 12 feet; cost $20

tart

| ‘ets een ae sh ee
|

i

| Parterre planting in a formal garden. The oval bed, 5x17 ft. planted with The way to use up forced bulbs. These alternating clumps of mixed tulips and

| Cottage Maid (white, edged rose) and KeisersKroon (red, edged yellow). The others, daffodils were set out in the fali, after forcing. After the forced bulbs have flow-
7x15 ft. with Artus (scarlet), La Reine (white, rose border) and Joost van Vondel ered, they may be ripened off and held till fall, or they may be planted immediately
“crimson and white). 1500 bulbs used and summer bedding plants set out over them

Wz

Classified Tables for Fall Planting—By Harold Clarke

New
York

READ THESE RULES.—The fall planting of nursery stock can be successfully practised in all sections except in the extreme North, where the cold of winter settles

down so early that the plants are not able to establish their root systems. The ordinary deciduous ornamental trees and shrubs, as well as herbaceous plants may be safely transplanted

as soon as the active growth for the year has ceased, and even just before the leaves fall.

having especially thin bark; for example asparagus, eremurus, tulip trees, magnolia, sweet gum, birch and beach.

generous ball of earth 1s moved with the roots.

planted bulbs, seeds an

d fruits.

Mulching is advisable in all cases.

It is not safe to move at this season any plant having soft, fleshy, or
Conifers and broad leaved evergreens can be planted in the fall if a

BuLBS FOR WHITE FLOWERS

“ punky” roots, of

The following tables contain information on all the other positively safe and universally fall

1
TIME TO| SECONDARY

DOM no [HOW PAR| DURA. | TIME OF BLOOM SNOT
NAME PLANT | APART |*ET OOM ial, omer sen ry eters one! >
(Guehes) G@niches) (weeks) | Outdoors Indoors (weeks) with white) (inches)
Common snow- 2 2-3 2 March | Christ- B green 3-4 Galanthus nivalis. Plant in a cool, moist,
_— drop | i | mas | shady place. The earliest spring flowers.
Giant snowdrop 2 3 3._| March | Christ: 3 green 6-9 Galanthus Elwesit. Two weeks later than
| mas the common one and much larger.
Scotch crocus Ee ee | ae iar) @ Christ: 2 3-5 |\Crocus biflorus, var. argenteus. ‘The
| | mas earliest cheap white crocus.
White trumpet 3-4 ir 3-4 eG April cream white 10. ~=©|Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus, var. mos-
daffodil | May chatus (N. moschatus). Many forms.
White crowned; 3-4 4-6 | 4 | April |January| 3-4 |yellow corona| 10 Narcissus incomparabilis, var. albus. In-
daffodil | | May | creases more rapidly than trumpets.
Poet’s narcissus| 3-4. Se eee via anuary,| eee crimson eye 12 Narcissus poeticus. An extremely good
| | bulb for naturalizine in meadows.
White grape 1-3 3-4 ES ase March ‘January yiibboere | fee Co eeade dh ra ct) 8 4-6 |Muscart botryoides, var. album. Natur-
hyacinth | | | alize in grass in shady places.
Two-leaved sverige 4 | eae | March | Christ- Dis eril Peat eta ysis 4-6 |Scilla bifolia, var. alba. A very charming
scilla | | | mas hardy early flowering bulbous plant.
Siberian scilla | 3 [|e Siar cht) (Christ: Cie eat ele Ue a 3-6 (Scilla Sibirica, var. alba. Give it some
| | | mas protection. Good for rockery. _
Bell-flowered 3 ho) Eby || Case PE laren hse Oe cae 12. |Scilla Hispanica, var. alba. Blooms at
scilla mas same time as poet’s narcissus.

Star of 3 OR Ses May |. green 12. Ornithogalum umbellatum. The choicest
Bethlehem | | of summer blooming bulbous plants.
Large-flowered 4 6 oe Ny : changes to 12 |Trillium grandiflorum. One of the most
wake-robin | | rosy pink beautiful of our wild flowers. i
Madonna lily 4 8 FE June | Christ- 16 |yellowstamens| 36 (Lilium candidum. Plant by September

mas 15th. Bulbs make leaves this fall.
White 6-8 12-24 Tee August red-brown 36 = |Lilium speciosum, var. album. Not as
speciosum lily | anthers thrifty as type. Beautiful large flowers.
White autumn 2-3 6 14 | Sept. _lyellow anthers} 3-4 (Colchicum autumnale, var. album. Plant
crocus | in masses. Flowers four inches across.
Christmas rose 4 12 TOM MeDecew Christ: 2-3 green, rose 6-8 |Helleborus niger. Does not like to have its
mas roots disturbed. Give well drained soil.
Tulips, named| 4 5 3 April |January oy Gael Salsa rete ate 6-12 |Tulipa suaveolens. Duc van Thol White;
varieties L’Immaculée; White Hawk, very large.
Hyacinths, fisaslenrts 6 to 8 ||, Ja\oseill January ier Wad se ace ee a a 6-12 |Hyacinthus orientalis. Alba superbissima ;
named varieties | Baroness van Thuy], large truss, early.
BULBS FOR YELLOW FLOWERS
EO ro HOW FAR| DURA. | TIME OF BLOOM | TIME TO| SECONDARY | ppigyrt |
AD SPIEAN ti) coat | aBLOoMe| RO Wen esmisiaioal len | OTHER POINTS
| (inches) (inches) (weeks) | Outdoors | Indoors (weeks) with yellow) (inches)
Cloth of Gold | 2-3 3-4 2 March | Christ- 2 brown striped| 3-5 Crocus Susianus. An early species. The
crocus mas outside | variety Cloth-of-Gold is the best form.
Dutch crocus | 2-3 2-4 2 March | Christ- 2 golden 3-5 Crocus Mesiacus. Naturalize in lawn.
mas __ Do not mow grass for two weeks.
Trumpet 3-4 4-6 4 April | January; 3-4 golden 15 Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus. A double
daffodils | ns May | _ variety of this is the favorite Van Sion.
Medium-crown-| 3-4 4-6 4 April | January) 3-4 pale yellow 12 Narcissus incomparabilis. Largest crown-
ed daffodils May ed variety, Sir Watkin, 54 inches across.

118

119

Ocroser, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
Bulbs for Yellow Flowers—Continued
Dero HOM EAR) DURA, | TIME OF BLOOM | TIME TO HEIGHT
NAME AT SLNOnG HORCE sca: CHAD ESO ia OTHER POINTS
(inches) (inches) (weeks) Indoors | Outdoors | (weeks) (OES)
Jonquil Se), Meee 4 April |January 3 dark gold 12 |Narcissus Jonquilla. Flowers fragrant,
| May foliage dark green and very narrow.
Canada lily 4 12 4 July orange red 3 Lilium Canadense. Flowers vary in color.
| Excellent for mass effects.
Japanese erect 6-8 12 4 July ~ orange 18 |Lilium elegans. The best hardy lily for
lily | general garden cultivation.
Yellow 4 6 Bi) Sept. clear yellow | 4-6 |Sternbergia lutea. Needs sunny situation
star-flower and a mulch over winter.
Hoop-petticoat 3 6 2 April January 4 pale yellow 4 Narcissus Bulbocodium. A beautiful little
daffodil May plant, excellent for pots or outdoors.
Tulips, named 4 3 3 April |\January | 3-4 various 6-12 |Tulipa suaveolens. Duc van Thol Yellow;
varieties | May Chrysolora, Bouton d’Or.

Hyacinths, 5 fo 75 B April |January | 3-4 pale tints 6-12 | yacinthus orientalis. Herman, orange-
named varieties | yellow; Ida; Obelisque, has large truss.
BuLBS FOR BLUE FLOWERS

Dero HOM EAR) BURA, | TIME OF BLOOM | TIME TO HEIGHT
NAME PLANT RT | "BLOOM Se Ml eons le. OTHER POINTS
(inches) (inches) (weeks) | Outdoors | Indoors (weeks) Gnches)
Glory-of-the 2 2 2 March | Christ- 2 sky blue 6-9 |Chionodoxa Lucialie. Has white eye.
snow 3 mas Replant every three years.
Glory-of-the 2 2 2 March _ | Christ- 2 dark blue 6-9 |Chionodoxa Sardensis. Flowers not so
snow mas large as preceding and have no eye.
Two-leaved Bie 4 2 March | Christ- 2 purplish blue} 4-6 — |Scilla bifolia. Has many beautiful forms.
scilla | mas Needs no protection.
Siberian scilla Riemann A 2 March | Christ- 2 dark blue 3-6 | Scilla Sibirica. A week later than S. bi-
| | mas jolia. Grows in attractive tufts.
Imperial 2-3 3-4 2 March | Christ- 2 purplish 3-5 |Crocus Imperati. Flowers at same time as
crocus | mas the snowdrops. Anthers are yellow
Common Dai) || ea 2 March | Christ- 2 purple, white,) 3-5 |Cvocus vernus. Excellent bulb for natural-
crocus | mas lilac izing in lawn. Permanent, and showy.
Grape hya- Tae 2=3 4 April January 3 blue 4-6 |Muscari botryoides. Has urn-shaped flow-
cinth ers which are thickly set on the stems.
Guinea-hen Dea lan 2 | Noell purple and 9-18 |Fritillaria Meleagris. The Dutch bulb-
flower | green growers grow ten distinct forms.
Spanish iris gt oie bates 3-4 May |January 8 blue, purple, | 12-24 |Jris Xiphium (I. Hispanica). Plant in
violet September. Give mulch over winter.
Bell-flowered 2-3 i 2 May |January 2 blue, purple 12 |Scilla Hispanica (S. campanulata). Sev-
scilla eral worthy varieties in the trade.
English iris 2-3 4-6 2-4 June January 6 violet, 12-25 |lris xiphioides (I. Anglica). Give same
lavender treatment as Spanish iris.
Autumr crocus} 2-3 6 14 Sept. purple, pink 3-4 \Colchicum autumnale. When established
do not disturb except when crowded.
Checkered 2-3 6 1s Sept. purple 3- Colchicum Parkinsoni. Veins outlined
autumn crocus with purple on white back-ground.
Hyacinth, 5 6-8 3 JANosaill | jeroweiay | et a eo ban soos 12 |Hyacinthus orientalis. Baron von Thuy],
named varieties Czar Peter, King-of-the-blues.
Buss For RED AND CRIMSON FLOWERS
HOW |HOWFAR| DURA- | TIME OF BLOOM | TIME TO HEIGHT
NAME DEEP TO] APART |TION | OF) ____________| FORCE SHADE OF ae OTHER POINTS
(inches) (inches) (weeks) Indoors } Outdoors | (weeks)
Crown imperial] 3-6 6-8 8 March red, orange, 30. ~—-Fritillaria_ ‘Imperialis. Bulb on side to
yellow excessive moisture in centre of bulb.
Peony 4 4-8 B May crimson 24 |Pe@onia officinalis. Hasno enemies. Long
~ lived plant. Divide every 7 or 8 years.
scarlet fritillary} 3 6 8 May scarlet 18 |Fritillaria recurva. Distinct from others.
Inside flower yellow; var. pluriflora.

120 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctopBerR, 1906
Bulbs for Red and Crimson Flowers—Continued
HOW |HOWFAR| DUR- | TIME OF BLOOM | TIME TO | HEIGHT
NAME DBEP TO} APART |ATION OF | FORCE | SHADE OF es OER POA
(inches) (inches) (weeks) | Outdoors | Indoors (weeks) ROHS)
Late peony | 6-8 | 7 8 | July dark red . 36 (Lilium elegans, var. atrosanguineum.
| | j | | Allow no manure near bulbs.
Tiger lily 6-8 12-24 S Aur g. is toa | eee red, | 48 Lilium tigrinum. Gives beautiful mass
| purple spots | effects. ‘Thrives in open borders.
American aeean 8 | ZeNURAUISTE fo a oa a ap | red, orange | 6 Lilium superbum. Useful border plant.
Turk’s cap lily | | __Can be planted in swampy places.
Red speciosum 6-8 12-24 ite) August |. . _ pinkish red = 36~— | Lilium speciosum, var. rubrum. Tf lilies
lily | | | | | | are grown in open give a 3-inch mulch.
Tulips, named | 4 5 3 | April January [rg SEN Aaah Ponce a ea ta 6-18 Tulipa suaveolens. Duc. van Thol Scar-
varieties a and later let; Cardinal’s Hat; Tulipa Cesneriana.
Hyacinths, ees 6-8. [s 3 April January | Saad es ore rey. | 12 |Hyacinthus orientalis. Amy, Robert Stei-
named varieties) | bee later, | ger; Roi des Belges.

SMALL AND POME FRUITS

NOTE: This table shows the best time to plant cuttings of the various fruits as well as the time for planting out mature bushes, etc. It is not advised to plant any of the

“ stone” fruit (peaches, etc.,) in the fall. Pome fruits are those of the apple and pear group. Small fruits include all of the “ berries.”

DEPTH | DISTANCE APART | AGE OF | READY
TO PLANT | METHODS
TO | PLANT TO
NAME (feet) | OF WHEN OTHER POINTS
PLANT TO SET | EAT
PROPAGATION
(inches) Rows Hill | (years) (years)
| = i
Apple (earn 40X40 .| root grafting | Winter | 2 to 3 4 Root grafting under glass in winter months in the
above bud | | buds August West. In the East mostly budded stock is used.
Apple, dwarf Dix) WO)|.3 buds | August 2 2 Better for home garden. Bear as much fruit on a
| above bud | 5x15 | given area as larger kinds, easier to handle.
Blackberries | 3-4 3x8 Se. tips, | June one | When shoots 18 in. high pinch back for more fruit
ii | root cuttings | July | season | Protect fall set plants with a mulch.
Black raspberry) 3-4 3x6 Ge | tips, June one I Pinch back as advised for blackberries. Prune
| _root cuttings | July | season immediately after fruiting and burn old canes.
Currants ee 4x6 hard wood Sets | LOR 2 2 Replant after 8 or 1o years yield 1 to 2 lbs. White
| _ cuttings 1 sorts better than red equally productive.
Dewberries | 3-4 3x0 4X4 tips, June one I Two weeks earlier than blackberries when grown in
(pases root cuttings July, Oct) season hills train to 5-foot stakes; in rows to wire trellis.
Gooseberries | 3-4 4x6 .|bardwood cut-| Sept. | ror2| 3 Replant every ro or 12 years; yield 8 qts. per plant.
tings, layers | Oct. | Natives free from disease, English kinds mildew.
Pears 2 20X20 buds July 2 10 3 5 Plant on own roots or grafted on pear stock longer
Aug. | lived trees than when worked on quince.
Red raspberries) 3-4 3x6 5X5 suckers, Saews «sl Oe I European better than American sorts but not so
| | root cuttings season hardy. Only 5 or 6 good varieties from Europe
Strawberries to 2X5 2x2 runners June runners 14 |Plant early midseason and late varieties. Have
@eonnn July | sufficient pollen bearing plants.
(Quince 2 16x16 .|hardwood cut-| July to 2 5 Valued especially as an added flavoring for some
i tings, budding| Oct. sort of apples. Grown mostly for jellies.
Pears, dwarf 3-6 |12x12 to}.. buds Aug. 2 2 {mportant that stock be budded low. Rarely grow
gee 16x16 more than twelve or fifteen feet high.
u
FLOWER SEEDS FOR FALL SOWING
WHEN D 2
; WHEN TO'SOW | DEPTH |THIN OR| WHEN | DUR | copor oF ||HPIGHT
NAME PLANT IPLANT?O| THEY | sroom OTHER POINTS
Coldframe | Outdoors (inches) (inches) |FLOWER (weeks) FLOWER (feet)
English daisy | before $ 4X4 April | 6 to 8 | white, pink te Bellis perennis. Used for early spring
Oct. 1 | bedding. Sow in rows 3 inches apart.
Evening OCs 105 4 Herat | | wUEKS 6 pale yellow I (Enothera biennis, var. grandiflora.
primrose (2. Lamarckiana). Flowers Showy.
Larkspur .| before | +4 6x18 June 16 |red, blue,white) 14 |Delphinium Ajacis. Better sown now than
hoe Oct. 15 in pink, yellow in spring as seeds are slow to start.
Opium poppy .| before 4 6x6 June | 3 to 4 | white, pink, 2 Papaver somniferum. Fall sown seed
Oct. 15 | red, purple flower before spring sown.

OcTroBER, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 121
Flower Seeds for Fall Sowing—Continued
| WHEN TO SOW | DEPTH THIN OR WHEN | DUR- |
: | NS- | ATIONOF) COLOR OF | HEIGHT :
NAME | | PLANT |PLANTTO| THEY |"groom | FLOWER (feet) (CBNSUSIS IOUNTIES
| Coldframe | Outdoors | (inches) | (inches) |FLOWER | (weeks)
! | | Rahs SRE Sera eats = a oe SEE YS
Pansies before | 4 3 | May | 6to8 | various 4 tor |Viola tricolor. Sow the seed thinly, in
Oct. 1 | | rows three inches apart.
Sweet alyssum | before |; 4 6x6 June 20 white °F Alyssum maritimum. Has many varieties.
| | Ocitenss) | Useful as a cut flower.
Sweet peas | before 3 | 4x24 May | 4to8 white, scarlet,| 4 to 6 |Lathyrus odoratus. Fall sown gives earliest
Oct. 15 | | | June blue, yellow flowers. Prefers moist deep soil.
| | | i

VEGETABLE SEEDS FOR FALL SOWING

DE

WHEN TO SOW PTH THIN OR TRANSPLANT |
NAME TO eee | READY TO EAT N
Soldframe | Outdoors | SOW eae | ene irensplend a, oe Sh ree aati
Cabbage Sept. 5 3 3X3 June Cabbage and cauliflower are seldom fall sown at
Oct. present, but it is the best way.
Cauliflower Sept. y 2 3X3 June Secure the earliest crop if you have a cold
OEE, frame.
Corn salad Oct. | before 4 6x6 2 ae | February A good substitute for lettuce. Protect over win-
OW. i ter with mulch of straw or leaves.
Lettuce Sept. 4 see sey 8x12 Loose var. Xmas.|Sow both loose and head varieties for succession.
Oct. | | Head var. Feb’y, Bank frame with manure for heat.
Radish SOS, iss) se" 3 3x8 I I Oi Nov. With a little bottom heat in frame, radishes may
Oct. | | | be had all winter from successive sowings.
Spinach before | before | 1 ORT | 82 _. Under glass Xmas. Grow on wide ridge and give the plants a mulch
Ocean | Oct i | | / rom open March) of straw or litter.

SIX FAVORITE TREES FOR FALL PLANTING

STANDARD AND | HEIGHT TIME OF
COMMON NAME | | CHIEF ATTRACTIONS OTHER POINTS
TRADE NAME | (feet) | FLOWERING |
| i}
Silver maple Acer saccharinum | 80-120 |March, April, Fastest growing maple, but short|Plant alternately with slow growers for
before leaves lived; under side of leaves silvery.) immediate effect.
Norway maple Acer platanoides MOOW a ee oar esis ges ue Beautiful round head, dense foliage|Excellent lawn tree, too low headed
| and holds its leaves late in fall.| for streets; foliage pale yellow in fall.
Ash Fraxinus Americana 75-125 | May, before A tall, straight, stately tree; excel-|Prefers a moderately moist soil. Beau-
the leaves lent as a lawn specimen. tiful compound leaves.
Carolina poplar Populus deltoides,var. 50-75 Flowers Quickest growing tree there is for Prefers rich moist soil but thrives any-
Carolinensis /Inconspicuous| hiding unsightly objects. where. Short lived; commonplace.
Pin oak Quercus palustris 80 May Very symmetrical, pyramidal tree Prefers a moist bottom land. Good
especially when young. street tree; transplants very easily.
Elm Ulmus Americana 75-125 March Favorite s.reet and shade tree of|/Prefers a rich moist soil; does well in
| before leaves America; long lived tree. dry soil.
>!
SIX FAVORITE SHRUBS FOR FALL PLANTING
| sranparD anp |usicnt! tie oF
COMMON NAME | CHIEF ATTRACTIONS OTHER POINTS
TRADE NAME (feet) | FLOWERING
Golden bell Forsythia sus pensa 8 April Has smail willowy branches 8 feet|Plant against evergreen background.
a long covered with yellow flowers.| Rapid grower; full growth in 3 years.
Hydrangea lAydrangea panicu-| 6-8 July Large trusses of white flowers|May be had low headed or standard
lata, var. grandiflora changing to pink; last until Sept.} high; good as single specimen.
Lilac Syringa vulgaris IO May Sure bloomer, needs Jittle care, al-/Remove any suckers that come from
| ways attractive. Fragrant. roots, prune when done flowering.
Thunberg’s Berberis Thunbergt 3-4 April Has bright red berries which hold)Autumnal coloring beautiful; foliage
barberry 5 on all winter; slender branches.| assumes bronze and red tones.
Van Houtte’s \Spirea Van Houtter| 6-8 May Produces immense wreaths of snow-|Easily transplanted; flowers on old
spirea | white flowers. Lawn specimen.| wood; prune after flowering.
Weigela Diervilla florida 6 May, June |Produces dense mass of pink or|Thrives in any good garden soil; prune
white flowers; drooping branches.| immediately after flowering.

Fig. 1. The dark, lustrous, evergreen, holly-like foliage
of the Oregon grape (Berberis Aquifolium)

All the Barberries Worth Growing—By John Dunbar,

Fig. 2. The best tall barberry with holly-like leaves
(B. Faponica). Height 5 to 10 feet

Fig. 3. The Oregon grape in flower. All barberries

have small, yellow flowers. (B. Aguifolium)

Rochester,
New York

A GROUP CONTAINING THE BEST RED-BERRIED SHRUBS FOR WINTER CHEER, AND SOME EVER-
GREEN PLANTS WITH HOLLY-LIKE LEAVES WHICH TAKE ON GLORIOUS BRONZY TINTS IN WINTER

[The twelfth of those “Little Monographs” which mark a new era in horticultural literature because they focus the atiention constantly upon the comparative value of
the different species, and because they give a new kind of key, a “purchaser’s guide.” Anyone who can show that there is any inducement to grow any other species is in-

vited to submit proof and pictures.

ae very best red-berried shrubs for

winter effect in the North are the com-
mon barberry and Thunberg’s. This is be-
cause red is the cheeriest color against the
snow and because these barberries remain
attractive all winter. Of course, the holly is
better, because of its evergreen foliage and
sentiment, but holly can be grown North only
in sheltered positions. There are many
other shrubs with equally brilliant berries,
but all of them lose their color or the birds
pick them off before the winter is over.

There are seven species of barberry worth
growing for their red berries, to say nothing
of the kinds with yellow or violet colored
fruits. These all shed their leaves in winter
and are perfectly hardy. And there are nine
species worth cultivating for their evergreen
foliage which is often holly-like and these
species always require a partly-shaded posi-
tion sheltered from the winter winds.

I. The Bright-berried or Deciduous
Group

THE FAVORITE—THUNBERG’S

The one barberry that is planted more than
all others put together is Berberis Thunbergii.
(See Fig. ro.) It differs from all the others in
having its berries scattered singly along the
branch or sometimes in pairs, whereas the
other bright-berried species bear their fruits
in clusters. For this reason, a spray of
Thunberg’s barberry rarely makes a pretty
photograph, but in real life it is beautiful
enough. Even if it bore no berries, this
shrub would be worth growing for the winter
effect of its branches, its innumerable, slender
arching branches being full of feathery grace.
You cannot say that Thunberg’s barberry has

the most gorgeous autumn coloring in the
genus, but when you have half a mile of it
bordering a drive, as in Boston or Rochester,
the tones of green, bronze and red combined
with the myriads of scarlet berries, the splen-
dor of it is absolutely overwhelming. It is
also the best deciduous, ornamental hedge-
plant of its height in cultivation. It has the
extraordinary merit of always being well
furnished with foliage and branches at the
base where nearly all other hedge-plants are
deplorably weak. And it has the most ac-
commodating prickers in the world—just
enough for a gentle reminder—not enough to
tear your clothes.

But everything has its limitations. Thun-
berg’s barberry grows only three or four feet
high—not high enough to screen unsightly
objects—and like other barberries it has bad
smelling flowers.

ITS SOLE RIVAL—VULGARIS

The “‘common” barberry, in the opinion
of many, is even more beautiful than Thun-
berg’s, because its berries are in clusters.
(See Fig. 11). It is decidedly taller (four to
eight feet), and has strong, up-growing stems.
The berries make an excellent sauce. The
autumn coloring is not as good as that of its
rival and it looks at home in American woods,
while the other does not.

This is the cosmopolitan member of the
genus. Most people suppose it to be native
to America, but it has only run wild here.
It came from Europe and Asia. This is the
species that has the greatest number of
varieties, including white, yellow, violet
and black-fruited kinds. The purplish-black
variety Fischeri is particularly good. (See
Fig. 12.) There is a variety with few spines
(mitis) and one with less acid fruits (dulcis).

122

But the kind that we see everywhere is the
purple-leaved variety, atropurpurea.

FOUR SPECIES FOR CONNOISSEURS

The next four are different enough for the
collector, but they cannot compete for pop-
ular favor with the above.

The Amoor barberry (B. Amurensis) is so
closely related to the common barberry that
I often suspect it to be only a geographical
form. It differs in having fewer berries in a
bunch (6 to 12), upright or nodding flower
clusters and a leaf which is not wider above
the middle. It is a strong-growing shrub that
stands drought well.

The plant known to nurserymen as B.
Sieboldt (See Fig. 4) and to importers of
Japanese plants as B. Hakodate is properly
B. Amurensis, var. Japonica according to the
Cyclopedia of American Horticulture. It has
a dark green, almost leathery leaf and even

~ more brilliant autumn colors than B. Amu-

rensis. It is a compact, broadheaded shrub
five feet high and seven feet across.

The Canadian barberry (Berberis Canad-
ensis) grows two to five feet high, and closely
resembles the common barberry, with which
it is confused in the trade. The Canadian
barberry is smaller in every way, and the
flowers are paler. Also, the berries are gen-
erally oval, instead of oblong.

The Chinese barberry (Berberis Simensis)
has beautiful tapering olive green leaves, and
can be used to excellent advantage in the
choicest decorative plantings. It blooms
about May 25th, the slender, pale yellow
clusters of flowers hanging gracefully from
the arching branches. The light, reddish
brown branches are somewhat ascending at
first, and later assume a drooping position.
The plant grows from three to six feet tall.

Fig. 4. The interesting barberry Known to the nursery-
men as B. Sieboldi and B. Hakodate

The showy, deep red, oblong berries ripen
late in the fall.

A species from Siberia (Berberis emar-
ginata) resembles the Chinese in color of
fruit, but is smaller, growing only from three
to four feet high. It differs also in having
upright branches, with deep green, smallish
leaves. The yellow flower clusters are only
slightly nodding. The dull berries ripen in
October and are roundish to oval, not oblong.
The foliage turns yellowish red in autumn.
*>Even more beautiful than B. emarginata
is B. serrata, known to the trade as B. micro-
phylla, var. serrata. The small tapering
lance-shaped, sharply toothed leaves distin-
guish it from all others. It grows three or
four feet high and is decidedly ornamental

Fig. 7. Detail of the leaf of the Oregon grape (Berberis
Aguifolium). Five to nine leaflets

Fig. 5. The only holly-like barberry that has simple
leaves (B. ilicifolia). Half evergreen

when in bloom. ‘The small red berries drop
in early winter.

The Siberian barberry (Berberis Sibirica)
has purplish red berries that ripen in October,
and fall in late autumn. It blooms about
May 20th. The smallish tapering leaves
are bluish green. This species forms a com-
pact, dense, spreading bush, wider than it is
high; it grows four to six feet tall, and ten to
twelve feet in diameter.

II. The Evergreen Group

The nine kinds that follow are cultivated
primarily for the beauty of their evergreen
foliage, and especially for their bronze and
even red tones in winter, although bronzing

Fig. 8. The narrowest-leaved barberry, an evergreen
species (B, stenophylla)
123

Fig. 6. The extremely interesting hybrid Known as B.
Neuberti, and described on page 124

is usually a sign of distress among plants.
No broad-leaved evergreen plant is every-
where hardy in the North, because it ex-
poses a greater evaporating surface to the sun’s
rays than the conifers, or narrow-leaved ever-
greens. When the ground is frozen the roots
cannot supply sap to the leaves as fast as it is
drawn away by sun heat. Therefore, give
these glorious plants partial shade and shelter
from drying winds. If you have planted
them in exposed positions, cover them with
pine boughs.

The next four species have compound
leaves while the five that follow have simple
leaves.

Every plant which the nurserymen call
Mahonia belongs to the genus Berberis and -

Fig.9. The best low ground cover among the bar-
berries—the evergreen B. repens, a creeper

Berries scattered singly

the favorite is Berberis Aquifolium, which
means “holly-leaved.”’ But you would bet-
ter not call it that because ‘“‘ilicifolia”
might be translated that way and it is a very
different species. On the Pacific Coast they
call it the Oregon grape or ash-berry (from
the blue berries) and we suspect that what
the dealers in Christmas greens now advertise
as ‘Western huckleberry”’ is the same thing.
Fig. 1 shows the lustre of its leaves and its
perfection as a ground cover. Fig. 3 shows
how well the beautiful clusters of small yellow
flowers are set off by dark, evergreen foliage.

The attractive blue-black berries heavily
covered with bloom ripen toward the end of
July.. The unfolding leaves have a deli-
cate coppery green tint which is particularly
lovely in May. ‘The plant grows three to six
feet high.

THE BEST LOW GROUND-COVER

The creeping ash-berry (Berberis repens)
is a choice little evergreen shrub, and seldom
grows over one foot to one and
one-half feet tall. (See Fig. 9.) It
spreads rapidly by underground
shoots (stolons) and is an excel-
lent subject for rock gardening.
The leaves are roundish in out-
line and dull green above. The |
dense upright yellow flower- |
clusters appear about May rst.
The purplish-black berries are
ripe in July.

THE BEST TALL HOLLY-LIKE KIND

Toe Japanese evergreen bar-
berry (Berberis Japonica) is a
highly ornamental shrub, from
five to ten feet in height, with un--
branching stems. (See Fig. 2.)
It is not hardy at Rochester, but
from New York southward is
satisfactory in sheltered situa-
tions, but should be protected °
from the winter’s sun.. The =
leaves are much larger than in B.
Aquifolium, and contain usually
from seven to thirteen leaflets, and the
leaves differ in being stalkless. ‘The dense,
upright clusters of yellow flowers are pro-
duced like a tassel at the top of the stem,
about the end of April. :

Fig. 10. The favorite red-berried shrub for winter cheer (Berberts Thunbergit).

Perhaps the most beautiful of the holly-
leaved section, is the California ash-berry
(Berberis pinnata), growing only two or three
feet high in the East. It resembles some-
what the common Mahonia but the leaves
have nine to thirteen leaflets, and are shining
deep green, with prominent spines. This
species differs from the others in this section
in producing its numerous dense spikes of
yellow blossoms along the branches. It
flowers the first week in May and ripens
its fruits in August. It is not hardy at
Rochester.

AN ASTONISHING HYBRID

Of the five kinds with simple leaves the
first one is not evergreen at all. Neubert’s
barberry (B. Neuberti) is placed here because
it has the blood of the chief evergreen species
in it, being a hybrid between B. Aquifolium
and vulgaris. Fig. 6 shows the astonishing
result—the old growth (at the right in the
picture) is like that of the common barberry,

Fig. 12. A variety of the common barberry with purplish black fruit (var. Fischer?)

while the new growth (seen on the left) takes
after its other parent.

It is more interesting than valuable. As
it drops its leaves in winter it really comes
into competition with the best red-berried

124

ae tis te di bin =

Fig. 11. The glorious clusters of the common barterry ( Berberis bulgaris)

Berries in clusters

barberries,and it can hardly be considered an
improvement over them, being only tolerably
hardy at Rochester. It grows three to six
feet high, is of upright habit and the leaves
are light bluish-green above and pale beneath.

HALF-EVERGREEN BUT LONG-LEAVED

Berberis iicifolia (See Fig. 5) comes from
Tierra del Fuego and holds its leaves half
through the winter. Unlike the other bar-
berries that resemble the holly, its leaves are
simple. They are remarkably long (about
14 inches) and nearly as wide. ‘They are,
however, rather dull. The plant grows four
or five feet high and rarely flowers with us.

THREE SMALL-LEAVED KINDS

Darwin’s barberry (Berberis Darwint)
grows from two to three feet tall, and has
spiny leaves, about one inch long. It is only
half hardy at Rochester, but it should be sat-
isfactory in cultivation from New York
southward. The numerous orange-colored
blossoms are very attractive in
june. The berries are purple.

The box-leaved barberry (Ber-
beris buxtfolia) has small taper-
ing, box-like (spineless) evergreen
leaves, and forms a neat little
shrub from two to three feet
hich. In a sheltered situation,
with a little protection, it does
fairly well at Rochester, but it
was severely hurt during the
‘winter of 1903-04. There is a
low, dwarf variety of this which
forms a dense cushion from nine
inches to one foot high.

The narrow-leaved barberry
(Berberis stenophylia) is a beauti-
ful hybrid, with slender curving
branches and small, bluish-
green leaves. (See Fig. 8.) The
small slightly drooping clusters
of large deep yellow blossoms
are very pretty in June and
July. It requires winter pro-
tection at Rochester, but it
should be hardy from New York south-

ward. It is remarkable in lightening up a
shrubbery, because of its feathery ap-
pearance.

For details of cultivation see page 148.

Planning the Home Fruit Garden—By S. W. Fletcher

HOW A DEFINITE SCHEME ON PAPER WILL SAVE EXPENSIVE ERRORS

Michigan Agricul-
tural College

NOW AND INSURE MAXIMUM YIELDS OF HIGH GRADE FRUIT LATER

HE chief point in planning a garden is to
get from the given area as large a
quantity and as great a variety as possible
of the fruits that you relish most. This
means that on very small areas, the small
fruits—strawberries, currants, raspberries,
blackberries, gooseberries, grapes, and the

like, torether with vegetables, will dominate
the garden.

There may be a few tree fruits

saug

CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES

QUINCES

‘soug

Proposed fruit garden of % acre. The fruits sug-
gested may be replaced by others requiring the same
space. Arranged for convenience in tillage

of favorite kinds, especially on the bounda-
ries of the garden, but the main body of
planting must necessarily be of small fruits,
which lend themselves most successfully to
intensive culture. The man who has only a
city or suburban lot can rarely afford to give
any of his valuable space to the culture of tree
fruits. Moreover, tree fruits do not come
into bearing until three to ten years from
planting. The home-maker can get results

50 Rods,

i Rows Apples.
2 Rows eer Cherries.

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10 Rows Peaches.
4 Rows Sour Cherries.
Z Rows Quinces.

Five-acre fruit garden, bordered by grass drives.

80 Rods.

Suggested for the country estate of the well-to-do.

the second and _ third with small
fruits.

Many people who have a little land back of
the house which can be planted immediately
choke it up with fruit trees, planted ten
feet apart, and then grow vegetables between
the trees. Nine times out of ten, it would
have been better to have left out the tree
fruits, for they rarely do themselves justice
when cramped in this way. A row or two of
currants, raspberries, and a bed of straw-
berries, will usually give far more satisfaction
than the three or four trees which the same
area of ground could support. A bearing
plum tree ought to have not less than a circle
of soil sixteen feet across. On this same
circle of soil can be grown to perfection ten
currant bushes, or twelve gooseberry bushes,
or a row of raspberries or blackberries twenty-
eight feet long, or enough strawberries to fill
the saucers of all the ‘family for many an
evening meal. In the larger gardens of one-
quarter or one-half an acre, small fruits
should also be most prominent; some fruit
trees may be added, especially dwarf apples
and pears, sour cherries, plums on myrobal-
an stock, and other compact-growing trees.

The smilie: the garden the lamar should
be the proportion of summer and fall vari-
eties. Winter varieties of apples and pears
are staples; they can usually be bought on
the general market at more reasonable prices,
comparatively, than early varieties. The
quickly perishable sorts are not only more
difficult to buy in good condition on the gen-
eral market, but they also come at a season
when choice fresh fruit is most appreciated.

years

10 Rows Pears.
5 Rows Plums.

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JO Rows Gra 3 Rows Currants.

6 Rows RediRaephenres 3 Rows Gooseberries.
6 Rows Black Raspkerries. 26 Rows Strawberries.
6 Rows Blackberries.

It should

produce enough fruit to supply a dozen families

125

Another consideration that should dictate
in a large measure the kinds and amounts of
fruit to be planted, is the degree of success
with which each fruit can be grown in the lo-
cality. The home fruit grower will do well
to heed the warning of fruit zones, but he
need not be as particular about it as the man
who makes fruit growing his business. The
amateur can afford, for example, to give

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A fruit garden of % acre. The apples and pears may
be dwarfs. All the tree fruits should be early varieties

peach trees a protection of evergreen boughs
or even to bend the trees down and cover
them, if for these pains he can secure a mod-
erate crop of choice fruit when no peaches
could be raised without such care. He can
afford, perhaps, to lay down and cover grapes,
to spray very thoroughly and very often, and
do many other things that might be alto-
gether impracticable if the fruit were to be
grown commercially. On the other hand,
the fruit garden of a man of moderate means
should be more than self-supporting; and in
so far as it is composed of tender or ill-shaped
fruits that require codling, it becomes more of
a luxury.

If a paper plan is made it is easier to dis-
pose of the various fruits so as to secure the
greatest economy of space. On paper it be-
comes clear that there will not be enough
room to put in another row of pears without
crowding the peaches or that only twelve
cherry trees can be planted in a row and still
leave room for turning the horse at each end.
Then there is the great advantage of having
in definite, concrete form, a record of one’s
own ideas at the time of planting for com-
parison with other ideas that may come later.
No extended arguments are needed to con-
vince an alert amateur gardener who is .n
earnest about his work that he should make
a plan of the garden, before a tree or bush is
bought. He will have this borne in upon
him at the very outset of his labors, as a
means of saving time and avoiding confusion.
Too many fruit gardens are planted in a care-
less, hap-hazard sort of a way, and so have
no definite and logical arrangement.

The plan should be drawn to a scale on
stiff paper, and inked in. It should include
besides the location of each large fruit plant

‘L409

150 Feet

soea2y 0g

LC

KZ Fle

Making the most of a 50 x 150 ft. lot.

wa , Sweet |) ls i As
Si Tree) Peas.
SSE Border PREIS GSSSESESCSE SS SExSGES

Good neighbors a prerequisite.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

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Blackberries. Raspherrses.

Plum or peach trees may be used in place

of apple or pear

and of beds, vines, etc., the names of all vari-
eties planted and notes on the future plans
of the garden, such as the rotation of small
fruits, and the cutting out of tree fruits.
Having made a good plan, follow it consist-
ently. Often a garden that was well planned
in the beginning is completely demoralized
by subsequent deviations from the original
purpose. If the original plan is put on paper
in full detail, and followed faithfully, the re-
sults are sure to be far more satisfactory.
The fall is an excellent time to settle all the
preliminaries and much of the planting may
also be done now.

HOW MUCH OF EACH FRUIT TO PLANT?

That depends upon the space available,
the adaptability of each fruit for the locality,
the personal preferences of the family, etc.
The ideal home fruit garden includes all the
fruits that can be grown successfully in the
locality and in sufficient quantity to meet the
needs and tastes of all the family. But this
ideal is rarely realized; limitations of space
and of funds usually make it impracticable.

CONSULT THE TASTES OF THE FAMILY

It ought to be unnecessary to advise the
amateur to take into account the desires of

his family when planning his garden; yet I
have seen many gardens which imperfectly
reflected the varying tastes of all the members.
I should be sorry to learn that anybody has
adopted, without change, any one of the gar-
den plans accompanying this sketch, unless
he has first submitted the suggestions con-
cerning the relative number of plants of each
fruit to his family for approval. ‘These plans,
and all others that I have seen published, call
for a fair proportion of all the standard fruits,
because that is the only basis upon which one
can advise, with any degree of definiteness.

THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE GARDEN

Usually it is best, if expedient, to put the
tree fruits by themselves in an orchard and to
plant the small fruits in connection with the
vegetable garden. It is much better to asso-
ciate the small fruits with the vegetable gar-
den than with the orchard, because they love
the same kind of soil that is necessary for the
production of choice vegetables—one that
has been made rich and full of humus by
liberal dressings of manure, while the tree
fruits can get along very well without so much
richness. Often, however, this arrange-
ment is not practicable. If the locality is
troubled with severe winds that are likely

16 Rods.

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A fruit garden of one acre.

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Vegetables may be grown between the rows for several years.

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desire more grapes

OcToBER, 1906

to injure the fruit it is well to plant a row of
apples on the side that receives the prevailing
wind. If the locality suffers from winter
injuries, put the hardier fruits, as apples and
pears, on the outside of the fruit garden, and
the more tender fruits, as peaches and plums,
in the centre. Give early varieties a sunny
spot. Why not use fruit trees for shade and
ornament around the house? They are
beautiful in blossom, in foliage and in fruit.
The transcendent crab is especially desirable
for this purpose. Oftentimes grapes can be
used to advantage on arbors or trained on
fences. Where the home grounds are small,
it may be a good plan, if your neighbor is
affable, to plant a row of grapes on the boun-
dary line. I have seen this co-operative fruit
growing carried out very successfully, where
neighbors are neighborly. Each year, at the
time of fruitage, the two men would go up and
down the row and divide it into halves, on the
basis of fruit on the vines. Good neighbors
are almost a prerequisite to success in ama-
teur fruit growing.

PLAN TO ECONOMIZE LABOR

With most people the chief essential in a
fruit garden is that it shall bring in as much
asitcosts,ormore. ‘This means that it, must
be arranged so that it can be tilled, pruned,
sprayed, and fertilized with the least expendi-
ture of time and money.

Ease of access adds much to the pleasure
and to the economy of the fruit garden. The
city or suburban garden is necessarily close
to the house; but the fruit garden of the
country home is sometimes unnecessarily dis-
tant from it. The idea should be to put the
fruit and the vegetable gardens as close to the
kitchen as is expedient. They are, in fact,
extensions of the kitchen. It will, indeed,
usually pay to sacrifice somewhat on the site
and soil of the fruit garden in order to gain
the paramount advantage of convenience.

PLAN TO MAKE TILLAGE EASY

The garden area should be oblong rather
than square, because of greater ease in tillage.
It is easy to demonstrate that less time is lost
in turning a horse around at the ends of the
rows in an oblong garden than in a square
garden, but the contour of the land, and the

-character of the soil, should have more in-

fluence in determining the shape of the
garden.

A common mistake is to leave no room for
the tillage horse to turn around at the ends of
the rows, and no room for tillage between the
outside row and the fence. In the smallest
city garden it is justifiable to plant right up
to the boundary line, but not in a garden of
one-quarter acre, or over. Avoid cross rows
of trees on the sides and ends of the garden,
borders of flowers, perennial vegetables, or
anything else that would interfere with con-
tinuous, economical tillage. For example,
do not plant at the end of a row of grapes,
which are eight feet apart, two rows of cur-
rants, which are five feet apart, so that con-
tinuous tillage is intercepted. Plan the gar-
den so that a busy man can get out his
cultivator after supper, and go right through
it from beginning to end, stirring all the

OcToBER, 1906

ground—sides, ends and middle—without
getting tangled up in a lot of irregular or
crowded rows or fancy borders. The largest
item in the expense of a fruit garden is the
cost of keeping it well tilled. Furthermore,
the need of tillage is most pressing at just the
time of year when most people are the busiest.
The man who can afford to spend something
more than this upon his garden may wish to
put into it flower borders, walks, drives,
fountains, and other accessories, but the
owner of a business fruit garden should keep
out of his plans all these impediments to eco-
nomical culture.

Unless one has an abundance of space, and
money to spend upon appearance, it is not
necessary to provide for walks or drives in the
average fruit garden. Temporary walks
which answer every purpose may be made
between rows of trees, bushes, or vines.

DOUBLE PLANTING NOT USUALLY DESI-
RABLE

Double planting, the growing of more than
one kind of fruit on the same land at the same
time, is a common source of trouble. Often
we see apples, with peaches between the rows,
or currants with strawberries, etc. One ob-
jection to double planting is that different
fruits require different treatment as regards
tillage, pruning, etc., and it is an inconve-
nience in caring for them to have them mixed.
Another and more serious objection to double
planting, as usually practised, is that the
several fruits, are crowded so that none have
room to do their best. Usually the home
fruit grower does not realize that when he
plants several kinds of fruit thickly upon the
same place, he is placing a heavy tax on the
land and ought to fertilize much more heavily
than he would for one crop only. Double
planting should be practised only in the small
city or suburban fruit gardens. When sev-
eral fruits are crowded on the same area the
amount of fruit produced and the degree of
satisfaction derived would have been far
greater if the owner had been content with
fewer trees and had given each tree room
to grow. We often see apple trees with pears
between them, currants between the pears,
and strawberries tucked in between the cur-
rants. This combination, and others of a
similar nature are very unsatisfactory except
in the few cases where the grower keeps the
soil very rich and gives each fruit special
attention.

WHEN TO TAKE OUT “ FILLERS”’

It is often desirable to plant the trees more
thickly than they should stand after coming
into full bearing, with the purpose of taking
out some of the trees after they have borne a
few crops. ‘Thus peaches are often planted
between apple trees, and pears; sometimes
early bearing varieties of apple like Yel-
low Transparent and Wagener, are planted
between the standard varieties. This plan
of using ‘‘fillers” is all right if the peaches
or early bearing apples are removed when the
permanent trees need the space. But the
majority of fruit growers will not do this; in
most cases, the fillers are not cut out at all,
and the orchard becomes a brush-pile in the

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. 27
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Suggestion for planting a city lot 25x 100 feet.

air from being so. crowded. Ten or twelve
years is as long as early bearing varieties of
apple, used as fillers should remain. Peaches
may stay between apples for six to ten years,
depending on the strength of the soil and the
distance apart of the trees. Blackberries and
raspberries may stay between the tree fruits,
especially apples and pears, for six to eight
years. Strawberries, which require tillage
and high culture generally, are not usually
considered a detriment to young trees. They
may stay between them for four to eight
years.

HOW FAR APART TO PLANT

Both tree fruits and small fruits are com-
monly planted too close for the best results.
This comes from a desire to get just as much
as possible from the land, and a failure to look
ahead and see how big the plants will be sev-
eral years after planting. Very often one
sees fruit trees planted ten or fifteen feet
apart, when they ought to be thirty or forty
feet apart. One tree that has room enough
for a healthy growth of top and roots is more
profitable than three half-starved trees occu-
pying the same space. Choice fruit trees,
free from blemish, cannot be grown in a
crowded orchard.

The distance that should be given varies
greatly in different localities and on different
soils. Apples in one locality may be more
crowded at thirty-five feet apart than the same
variety would be at twenty-six feet apart in
another place. On heavy soils, all fruits,
especially orchard fruits, make a more vig-
orous growth than on light soils, and should

Flowers.
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Suggestion for planting a lot 50x 100 feet.

8 Raspberries.

The grapes may be trained to the fence, or over an arbor

be given more room. This may make a differ-
ence of several feet. Again, some varieties
are small growers. It would not pay, for
example, to give an upright spare-growing
variety like the Wagener apple, as much room
as a spreading, luxuriant-growing variety,
like the Northern Spy apple.

As a general guide, the following distances
are suggested: ” Apples and sweet cherries,
thirty to forty feet; pears, apricots, plums,
peaches, and sour cherries, sixteen to twenty-
four feet; quinces, sixteen feet; grapes, six
by eight to eight by ten feet; currants and
gooseberries, four by six to six by eight feet;
raspberries, three by six to five by eight feet;
blackberries, four by seven to six by nine feet;
strawberries, one or one and a half by four
feet. Dwarf apples or dwarf pears may be
set at half the distance recommended for
the standards.

The plans that accompany this article are
not ‘“‘model plans.” ‘There is a model plan
for each fruit garden, but not for all fruit
gardens, nor even for any considerable num-
ber of gardens. No fruit garden can be
entirely successful if it is patterned after
another, unless the conditions of climate, soil,
personal tastes, and all the other factors that
have been mentioned, are exactly identical.
This can never be, so it is unavoidable that
each man should make his own plan in accor-
dance with his own peculiar circumstances.
The accompanying plans are merely hints
that some amateurs may find useful as a
skeleton for their own plans, to be changed
and modified in accordance with the prin-
ciples of garden planning.

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The border of berries should be Kept cultivated

Flowers Every Day from Christmas till Easter—By I. M. Angell

New
York

HOW SIX POTS OF BULBS PROVIDED FLOWERS WITHOUT INTERRUPTION FOR SIXTEEN WEEKS—

A CAREFULLY PLANNED

ie IS an easy matter to have continuous
bloom from a few pots of bulbs if the
right sorts are potted at the right time, and,
more important yet, if they are brought into
the light at the proper time. Some bulbs will
respond to pushing for early bloom and others
will not resent being held back for late bloom.
Among the best sorts to force for extra early
flowering are Chinese sacred lilies; Roman
hyacinths; two polyanthus narcissi, Paper
White and Double Roman. For slow forcing
I can recommend crocus, tulip, Dutch hya-
cinth and three of the narcissus tribe, poeti-
cus, Van Sion and Empress.

The six pots of bulbs that gave us unin-
terrupted bloom from Christmas to Easter
were all started during the month of October.
The expense for the bulbs was less than
seventy-five cents, yet we had a supply of
flowers for house and table decoration that
continued for sixteen weeks, as is shown
below:

Chinese lilies bloomed from Dec. 23rd to Jan. 12th
Double Roman narcissus “ Jan. 13th “ “ 26th
Grand Soleil d’Or-narcissus “ 22nd “Feb. 13th

12th
25th
12th

Crocus from Feb. 7th to March
Van Sion narcissus <<) Marchy7thy toa)
Princess Marianne tulip “ “23rd to April
From this it is seen that throughout the
whole winter bloom was not missed for one
day, even. This succession was managed by
bringing the pots into the light at different
times according to the needs of the case. ,
Bulbs that are held back and brought to
the light late in the season will reach the
blooming stage in a shorter time than the
same sort brought to the light earlier in the
season. ‘Two or more bulbs of the same sort
started in the same pot will make a much

Roman hyacinth.
bloom in ten weeks from potting.

The easiest bulb to force. Will

Flowers white

better showing than bulbs of different kinds
planted together.

| Brought Time be-

Bulb | Potted fa Licht Sa

Chinese Wily seca eee Oct. 30th|/Nov. 13th) 40 days
Donble Roman narcissus..| “ 1gth|Dec. 19th) 25. “
Grand Soleil d’Or narcissus| “ 5th) ““ 7th) 46 “
Oils poodbcosccopoosc00 Bisa) Sada] gy ©
Van Sion natcissus ....... “ 31st|Feb. 12th) 23 “
Princess Marianne tulip...| “ 31st\Mar. r1st\23 “

Chinese sacred lily.—F lowers white and
yellow, an inch and a half across and six or
seven to a stem. Each bulb sent up several
stems. This opened the season with its first
flower two days before Christmas and was in
full bloom on New Year’s Day. We always
raise Chinese lilies in water, though they will
thrive planted in earth. The dish containing
them was about four inches in depth and the
bulbs were surrounded with pebbles in such
a way that the roots would not raise them too
high above the water, which should reach
half-way up the side of the bulb. The dish
was set in a dark place for a few days to en-
courage root growth, but these bulbs take so
prompt a start that the five to eight weeks of
darkness prescribed for ordinary potted bulbs
is impossible. From the start to the first bud
was less than six weeks.

Grand Soleil @Or narcissus—F lowers
bright yellow with a cup of darker shade,
several flowers toa stem. This is a close re-
lative of the Chinese lily, almost a counter-
part, except in color. Ours proved to be a
satisfactory house plant. _

Crocus.—Colors yellow, white, purple,
streaked and striped in great variety. These
are great favorites with us, both outdoors and
in. They are inexpensive and the corms are
so small that a dozen can be planted in an
ordinary flower pot and they make more show
than many of the larger kinds. ‘The only un-
satisfactory qualities exhibited were a ten-
dency to mold if kept too damp and a faculty
for attracting the aphis. The latter can be
fought by applications of tobacco dust or tea.

The time elapsed between the taking of the —

two photographs, one on the day the pot was
brought up from the cellar, and the other at
the height of bloom was just two months.
Over forty flowers were sent up from a dozen
corms, costing ten cents. They were allowed
eight weeks in the cellar to make roots.
When they had been in the light for three
weeks the leaves and buds were breaking
through the sheath. The season of bloom
lasted over a month. Under ordinary con-
ditions the foliage is short, but through a
mistake this pot was left in a subdued light
too long after leaving the cellar and the leaves
were drawn.

Crocus bulbs should be carefully chosen;
the first size, which ought to measure four
inches around, will yield, under favorable
circumstances, from six to one dozen flowers
each.

128

SUCCESSION OF FLOWERS FROM BULBS POTTED IN OCTOBER

Van Sion narcissus.—Color rich yellow
large, very double flower. ‘This is one of the
most desirable for forcing, both because it is
unusually handsome and because it attains so
good a size and quality when grown as an
ordinary house plant. One month from the
time the pot was taken from the cellar, it
was in full bloom. It was kept in the cellar
over three months, but the result was a
vigorous root growth that sent up strong
foliage and flowers. The roots were so ag-
gressive that they lifted the soil too high in
the pot. This could have been forestalled by
leaving the soil loose instead of packing it.
The plants continued to bloom over two
weeks.

Princess Marianne Tulips.—White with
touches of pink. Most tulips are not always
a success in our window garden, but the
Princess Marianne never fails us. The
flower is uncommonly large, measuring six
inches across when fully expanded. ‘Tulips
(like all other bulbs) must have a good
root system before being brought to the light.
A good mixture of soil for the potting is two-
thirds good garden loam and one-third very
old cow manure, with enough sand to make
the mixture loose in texture. Stiff garden soil
can be lightened with leaf mold. The bulbs
must be so set that the tip just shows, and the
soil should be well settled in the pots but not
pressed too solidly, or the expanding roots
will lift the bulbs out of position. Three or
four tulips can be accommodated in a 5-inch
pot. Before the pots are put away so that the
bulbs may make roots the soil should be well
moistened. Place in a cool dark situation,

The Chinese sacred lily, grown in pebbles and water.
Potted October 30th, in flower December 23rd

1906

OcTOBER,

Van Sion narcissus three months after potting and
after a week's exposure to light

The first flower
opened on March 7th

In full bloom three weeks later.

either outdoors with a thick covering of litter
or inacellar. The bulbs require five weeks
or longer to make roots and as they cannot do
this in frozen ground, precautions are taken
against freezing. When the pots are crowded
with roots, they are ready to be brought from
the cellar. For the first few days after re-
moyal place them in a moist atmosphere
and a cool temperature. Tulips enjoy free
watering but not overwatering, and their
flowers are sensitive to direct sunlight striking
them through the glass.

Well rooted early Duc Van Thol tulips
make very satisfactory pot plants, as do many
of the other early sorts. Some of the early
single sorts can be raised in water, like hya-

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

cinths, if perfect bulbs are chosen. A good
tulip bulb can be told by the reddish color
of the skin, which is the result of its being
grown in a proper sandy soil.

THE ESSENTIAL DETAILS

The same general directions for potting and
after care are equally applicable to the other
bulbs commonly grown in the house. Other
points are these: Avoid fresh manure; if
well-rotted cow manure is not to be had, use
bone meal in the proportion of one part to
fifty of soil. Manure water added when the
plants are in bud will greatly improve the
flowers. Always take the strongest bulbs for
house bloom. ‘They lose vitality if kept long
out of the ground, so the best way is to pot
them all at the same time, and let the suc-
cession depend on bringing them to the light
at different times. Single bulbs, in small
pots are apt to suffer from varying tempera-
tures and different degrees of moisture; so
the best way is to plant several of a kind ina
large pot. The Cyclopedia of American
Horticulture gives the following guide for
temperatures as the best suited for the differ-
ent stages of growth:

DOP TOLLED soascoowabodonbaces 40 degrees
For stems and foliage......... GOI se
or bestlowerseeenn aie eeerie Com
For quick development........ JON me

To determine whether the roots have filled
the pots turn out the ball of earth. Of
course this cannot be done if the earth is dry,
but if the soil is kept moist enough not to dry
out and yet not wet enough to mold, it will be
an easy matter to keep track of the root
growth. It takes four or five days in subdued
light for the foliage to turn from white to
green. To prevent the opening of the flowers
before the stems have reached the right
length, the pots can be kept from the full sun-
light still longer. For this intermediate stage
we have constructed a home-made bulb table,
with three shelves, one a little above the level
of the floor, one on the same height as the
window sill and one between. When the
foliage has turned green the bulbs are brought
to the light and warmth of a sunny window on
the top shelf, the lower shelves meanwhile
accommodating several relays of later bulbs.
Hot dry air is likely to blast the tender buds,
and draughts and dust must be avoided.
Narcissus buds may be cut when only par-
tially open, as they will come to perfection if
placed in water.

BULBS FOR THE CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS

For Christmas flowers we have made use
of three of the polyanthus narcissus tribe, the
Chinese sacred lily, Double Roman and the
large flowering Paper White, so popular
with the florists. On three successive years
the sacred lily opened its first flowers Christ-
mas week, when started between the first
and middle of November. In each case they
were in full flower on New Year’s Day.

For full bloom at Christmas, start the bulbs
the third week in October. We potted some
on October 12th which reached their height
of bloom exactly two months later, on De-
cember 12th, too early for Christmas decora-
tion.

129

Double Roman narcissus is like the Chi-
nese lily in appearance, except that the
flowers are double. It needs starting earlier.
Some that we potted on September 30th and.
brought to the light the middle of November,
were in bloom a few days before Christmas.
On the other hand one started November rst
was too late for the holidays, as the flower
bud was only an inch high at Christmas time.
The Paper White narcissus has somewhat the
shape of the sacred lily, but both cup and
petals are pure white and the flower larger.
There are sometimes ten flowers to a stem.
Ours was in bloom for Christmas; it was
potted Sept. 30th and brought to the light the
middle of November.

Some other bulbs which may be grown to
secure flowers during this same period but
which need different treatment are freesias
and oxalis. ‘To secure the best flowers the
bulbs should be planted in late August or
early September but the freesia does not
deteriorate so rapidly as the other bulbs so
that in the window garden one can secure a
good succession of them by successive plant-
ings until February 1st. If all the bulbs are

planted in September put the pots out of
doors until frost threatens when they must
be brought into a cool but light place and
stored until wanted for forcing.

Crocus bulbs after being eight weeKs in the cellar.
Potted October 31st, in flower February 7th

Forty

The crocuses lasted in bloom for two months.
flowers from a dozen corms

Raising Your Own Evergreens—By John Dunbar

Rochester,
New York

AN INTERESTING WINTER DIVERSION FOR THE AMATEUR WITH A SMALL GREENHOUSE—GROWING YEWS, CYPRESSES,
AND ARBORVITAES FROM HARDWOOD CUTTINGS TAKEN FROM OCTOBER TO DECEMBER—A CURE FOR “‘DAMPING OFF’’

Te mere fact that you have raised your

own plants from their earliest stages
invests them with a very special interest in
later years. Perhaps the propagation of the
coniferous evergreens requires more care and
constant watchfulness than any other branch
of the work, and as a matter of dollars and
cents plant propagation may not be worth
while, asarule. Indeed, the average person
can buy young plants from the nurserymen
for less than it would cost him to raise them.
But to the gardener there is a fascination in
the mere work of propagating plants. Con-

Rooted cuttings ten months old. Beginning at the
right, trailing savin (Funiperus Sabina, var. procumbens),
Tamarisk savin (Y, Sabina, var. tamariscifolia) and
Canadian yew (Taxus Canadensis)

stant vigilance is called for, to have good re-
sults, which makes it all the more interesting.

A knowledge of the proper method of in-
creasing a stock of any plant is useful if by
any ehance it is desired to multiply a rare
plant, or one that has fond associations. A
method that answers for handling most de-

LL whee
Removing the lower leaves from a cutting of the

Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) before putting into the
sand where it will ‘‘strike’’ or maKe roots

ciduous trees was described in the September
GARDEN MAGAZINE, pages 67 and 68.

Evergreens are propagated by three
methods: seeds, grafting, and cuttings. The
raising of evergreens from seeds in the
open air in this country is a difficult process,
owing to our scorching summer sun, and
the liability of prolonged drouths. The late
Robert Douglas of Waukegan, Illinois, was
the first nurseryman who succeeded in re-
producing the natural conditions, and he
raised seedling evergreens in large quantities.
They can be raised without much difficulty
in the more equable temperature of Britain,
France and Holland, and millions of seed-
lings are annually imported from these coun-
tries by American nurserymen. Seedlings of
choice evergreens are occasionally raised by
American propagators in limited quantities
in shaded coldframes, or in seed flats in a cool
greenhouse where humidity and temperature
can be controlled.

Our showy varieties of garden evergreens
such as the weeping, blue, silver and golden
forms of spruces, firs, and pines, are usually
perpetuated by veneer grafting, which is per-
formed in the greenhouse in winter. Some
of the large nursery firms in this country have
given this up entirely of late because they
find it much cheaper to import the young
plants from Europe.

Large numbers of evergreens are raised
annually in this country from cuttings, and
there is a considerable number of species
and many varieties that can be raised profit-
ably in this way. The Japanese retinis-
poras, Nootka Sound cypress, most of the
yews, arborvitees, and junipers, can be raised
successfully from cuttings.

GREEN AND HARDWOOD CUTTINGS

Green cuttings of these, from three to six
inches long, are sometimes taken in July, and
struck in sand in a coldframe. ‘The better
method is to take cuttings of the mature wood,
anytime from the end of October to the end
of December; and in most cases, the small

lateral side shoots from four to seven inches ©

long, with a “heel” make cuttings that are
almost sure to root. In some instances,
though, the cutting with a heel may be too
long to handle conveniently; in such cases
cut close to a joint. The terminal shoot of
a branch cannot have a heel so it must be cut
toa joint. It will root, but not as easily as a
side cutting with a heel.

In preparing the cuttings for insertion in
the cutting boxes, the lower leaves are re-
moved from above the base of the cutting for
two or three inches, the distance depending
upon the size of the cutting. Usea knife with
a sharp razor edge. All cuts must be clean
and smooth; mutilation or bungling cannot
be tolerated.

The cuttings are placed in boxes or “‘flats”’
16 x 20 inches and 4 inches deep, with $-inch
holes in the bottom to permit perfect drain-

130

age. Such a box will hold from 180 to 270
cuttings, according to their size. The boxes
may be modified to any size, but we have
this size because they fit the benches with-
out waste space. Broken potsherds are
placed over the holes, which are again
covered with a sprinkling of moss, and the
box filled to within one-quarter of an inch
of the top with sharp, clean, gritty sand
which has been selected with great care.
The cuttings are firmly dibbled in rows
across the box, just touching each other,
and the entire portion that has been cleared

Cuttings as they are taken from the plant. Read-
ing from left to right: Nootka cypress (Chamaecyparis
Nutkaensis); Sawara cypress (C, visifera); Savin (Funi-
verus Sabina); Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata)

The cuttings shown above, after the lower limbs and
branches have been removed

Taking off a side shoot of the Japanese yew, making
a cutting with a “heel”

OcToBER, 1906

A yew cutting with the lower leaves nearly removed.
Use a Knife with a razor-like edge

of leaves is put below the surface of the
sand.

MUST HAVE A GREENHOUSE

A low-roofed greenhouse, where an even,
cool temperature, from forty to forty-five de-
grees can be maintained, is important. We
board up the front of the benches, and the fire
heat, when there is any, is confined beneath
the benches, so that a cool temperature is
easily maintained overhead. The cuttings
seldom require heavy watering, but frequent
syringings are necessary. For six weeks or
two months the cuttings are partly shaded
from direct sunshine. Some growers place
lath sun shades—the laths about one and a
half inches apart—on the roof. We use mus-
lin covered frames, which are held in place on
the roof inside by cleats. On dull days the
screens are removed.

In twenty to twenty-five days most of the
cuttings will show signs of callusing, that is,

_ the inner bark at the base of the cutting will

granulate and swell and cover the whole base
with a new tissue, the process being complete

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

in from two to three months. When that
takes place the temperature can be raised,
and the screens gradually removed to en-
courage the spreading of roots.

HOT SAND FOR ‘‘DAMPING OFF”’

If too much dampness is allowed in the
house, from a lack of proper circulation of
air, the dreaded “damping off’? fungus will
make its appearance. I find the best remedy
is sand baked over a fire until it is almost
hot, and spread over the areas where the
mould is appearing. It will almost invari-
ably check the disease.

TIME FOR ROOTING

By the month of April a large number of the
cuttings will have rooted, particularly the
arborvites and the common juniper. It is
surprising though, how long a time some
evergreens will remain with a healthy callus
and no roots. I have seen the cuttings of
Nootka Sound and Lawson’s cypresses re-
main in this condition for one year without
rooting, and sometimes a number of them
do not root at all! When an evergreen forms
a callus, it is not evidence that it will root.

About the end of April the boxes can be re-
moved from the greenhouse and placed in
coldframes, with sashes over them, and for a

The whole length of the cleaned stem is pushed in-
to the sand, and the cuttings are pacKed as closely as
possible to callus and root

131

Note the heel of old wood
at the base

A cutting ready for the flat.

short time a little shade; gradually harden
them off.

Some evergreens that root easily, like many
varieties of the arborvites, can be taken out
of the boxes and placed in beds six feet wide,
the rows ten inches apart, and five or six
inches between the plants. Some growers
however put them thickly in the nursery rows
at once, using a horse-cultivator between the
rows, and transplanting the second year.

The Canadian and most of the other yews,
a number of junipers, and the Japanese retin-
isporas root slowly, so it is best to keep them
in the boxes in a shaded position throughout
thesummer. We keep them in a sunny posi-
tion with lath shades over them. Close atten-
tion must be given to watering. Late in the
fall or early winter I put the boxes in sunken
coldframes, and give a light cover of leaves;
the following spring they are planted out in
the. nursery. The frames require to be
closely watched during the winter for mice.
If they gain entrance to the frames, and are
left undisturbed, they will seriously mutilate
the evergreens.

Bulbs that Bloom Outdoors in March—By Thomas McAdam, *%

A DOZEN FAVORITES THAT WILL FLOWER IN THE NORTH OUTDOORS IN MARCH WITHOUT ANY PROTEC-
TION OTHER THAN A WINTER COVERING OF LEAVES OR LITTER—THE DAINTIEST MESSENGERS OF SPRING

HERE is no denying that for people who
want their money’s worth, the best
spring blooming bulbs are tulips, daffodils,
and hyacinths, simply because they have the
largest flowers. One admires and even loves
these showy flowers of April and May, but
do they ever take hold of one’s heart, like the
baby fingers of the snowdrop—that sweet
emblem of purity which is the first frail
flower to escape the clutch of winter? Or the
azure scilla springing up amid the first grass,
to remind us of the new life and blueness in
the sky? Or the gay, childlike crocuses play-
ing in the lawn—the first unmistakable smile
of awakening spring?

There are about a dozen of these mes-

sengers of spring that can ordinarily be

counted on for March flowers in the North.
The first of them, in the language of Maeter-
linck, are “frail and chilly, but bright-faced
as a bold idea.”’ They have sacrificed much
for earliness—size, fragrance and variety in
color, but their delicate grace and uncon-
querable hardiness strikes us all with fresh
admiration every year. Who taught these
fragile blossoms to brave the snow? How
have they managed to survive the long, grim
process of evolution? One fancies that they
must be as dear to Nature’s heart as to our
own. Is not this peculiar combination of
child-like helplessness and immortal courage
the secret of their universal appeal ?

The loveliest snowdrops I ever knew still
grow in a deserted village in Michigan that

bears the high-sounding name of Gibraltar.
The blessed memory of the old ship-builder
who once supported there a flourishing com-
munity is kept green by the trees that arch
protectingly over the staunch old house, and
by the countless thousands of snowdrops
that carpet the ground beneath them. Every
five years the gracious housewife used to dig
up and divide her snowdrops (as everyone
should), but for twenty years now they have
multiplied until the bulbs touch one another.
Every member of that household who has
gone forth to found a new family has rever-
ently transported, with his Lares and Penates,
some of the bulbs, so rich in home asso-
ciation. It is just such a sacred, intimate
spot in which everyone should plant snow-

The best hardy blue flower of March; the Siberian
squill (Scilla Sibirica)

drops, for they prefer to ripen their bulbs in a
moist, partially shaded position, while most
other bulbs solidify best in dry soil haked by
the summer sun.

The earliest snowdrops, however, are those
which get every bit of sunshine there is in
March. It hardly seems credible that a
tree’s bare branches should cast enough shade
to delay a flower bed a week, yet it is a fact.

PS An enamel

be

We A

Nee
Kae
The giant snowdrop (Galanthus Elwesii), the largest flowered species.
brave the snow? How have they managed to survive the long, grim process of evolution? ”

‘May.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The snowdrop is one of the very few flowers
that will do even tolerably well on the north
side of a house, in a dark, narrow passage-
way, where only ferns could be expected
to live.

It must be confessed that the glory of the
genus is the giant snowdrop (Galanthus El-
wesil). Its greater size of flower is not asso-
ciated with any loss of refinement. But it
never thrills like the first flower of spring.
It is a belated herald, appearing a fortnight
or so after its little brother has brought the
news.

Another white flower with green tips that
is often mistakenly called a snowdrop, is its
relative, the spring snowflake (Leucojum
vernum). This is practically the same as the
kind pictured on this page, except that the
spring snowflake blooms in March, while the
summer snowflake flowers about the first of
(There is also an autumn snowflake,
which has red tips instead of green, but it is
not generally considered hardy.) Although
the snowflakes have larger blossoms than the
snowdrops, they are not so much celebrated
by the poets, doubtless because they bloom
later.

The distinction between snowflakes and
snowdrops is a pretty one. The snowflake
is the simpler flower, its bell being composed
of six white petals (or more correctly, perianth
segments) with green tips, all of which are of
the same size and shape. The snowdrop, on
the other hand, seems to consist of three white
petals and a greenish inner tube with six
lobes. A closer look, however, shows that
this loose tube is composed of the three un-

A

“Who taught these fragile blossoms to

OctToBER, 1906

joined inner seg-
ments of the peri-
anth, which are
narrower than the
petals, and daintily
marked around the
two-lobed apex
with what Rosetti
calls a ‘“‘heart-
shaped seal of
green.” Ordinar-
ily, green is an
abnormal and un-
pleasing color
among flowers, but
in the snow-drop it
is most precious.

There are earlier
blue flowers than
the Siberian scilla,
and even showier
ones, but on the -
whole. this is the
best of the season.
The blossom is per-
haps no more than half an inch across, and
there are only one to three flowers on a stem,
but it is the purity and depth of its blue that
goes straight to the heart The two-leaved
squill (Scilla bifolia) is earlier, and has a
graceful spray bearing three to eight flowers,
but I have never seen it free from the purple
taint—-except in catalogues.

Three flowers known to the catalogues by
the seductive but somewhat “‘too previous”
name of ‘‘glory-of-the-snow” surpass the
Siberian scilla in size. The largest is Chion-
odoxa grandiflora, or gigantea, with solitary
blossoms an inch and three-quarters across,
but they are slaty blue. The next largest is
C. Luciliae, with flowers an inch across, and
of a genuine sky blue, but the lower half of
every petal is white, so that the effect is not
single. C. Sardensis has flowers only half an
inch across, but there are six or seven on a
stalk, and the color is nearly sky blue, though
not as deep as that of Scilla Sibirica. They
are altogether lovely flowers, but in my judg-
ment they are fanciers’ flowers, while the
Siberian scilla is a flower for the people. I
shall never be happy until every lawn con-
tains a few dozens of them. Your friends
will tread on some of them, but they are so

A late flowering snowflake
(Leucojum aestivum)

‘cheap that it is no matter.

The best hardy blue winter flower of Eng-
lish gardens is the Grecian anemone (Ane-
mone blanda). There is a lovely colored
plate in Mrs. Waterfield’s ‘‘Garden Colour”
which shows a wood carpeted with myriads
of these starry flowers before the trees show
any sign of returning life. They match the
color of the sky more closely than most of the
so-called blue anemones. It is to be hoped
that some wealthy American will try to create
one of these charming pictures by planting a
few thousand bulbs this autumn. The
English plant them in rocky, heavy soil, under
deciduous trees,and those facing west are said
to bloom two or three weeks earlier than those
facing east, sometimes beginning in January.
The blossoms close in bad weather, and a bed
will retain its beauty for several weeks. It
seeds freely in England, and fortunately the

eeE

IT COSTS ONLY FIVE DOLLARS TO PRODUCE THIS EFFECT!

Poet’s narcissus naturalized. Blooms in May. Plant as directed on page 113 and you need never touch them
133

again, until bulbs crowd.

The most delightful way to plant crocuses—scatter them in the lawn.

bulbs are sufficiently rounded to enable them
to stand transportation fairly well, whereas
the flat-bulbed anemones, e. g., coronaria and
Apennina are sadly weakened by a long
period above ground.

The latest of the March heralds are the cro-
cuses, but they have the largest flowers, and
the gayest colors. In many a neighborhood
there is a good deal of friendly rivalry as to
who shall have the first crocus, and with the
ordinary varieties it is simply a question of
cultural skill. But there are certain species
of crocus that can be counted on with a fair
degree of certainty for February bloom, and
some of these will even open in January, if
the season be favorable.

Probably the earliest crocus you can rely
upon is the imperial crocus (C. Imperati), a
lilac and buff flower that ought to bloom with
the first snowdrops. ‘The earliest yellow
seems to be Cloth of Gold, a variety of C.
Susianus. ‘The earliest lilac markings are
said to come in the white flowers of the
Scotch crocus (C. biflorus) and the earliest
purple is C. Siebert. If Crocus Sieberi costs
more than you can afford, perhaps Emperor,
a purple variety of C. vernus will be early
enough to beat your neighbors. I hope that
someone will try all the earliest crocuses, and
write a “‘ Little Monograph” of them for THE
GARDEN MAGAZINE.

Do not be discouraged if you fail to find
these species in the best American catalogues.
Our dealers often keep more kinds than they

list, and even if they do not have them, there
is time for them to get them for you, if you
write before October rst. You must expect
to pay more for earliness, but the earliest
kinds are said to have shorter flower-tubes
than the common crocuses, and therefore are
less liable to be damaged by inclement
weather.

Every year a certain well-beloved bulb
catalogue used to stir my curiosity with
this laconic entry: ‘“Bulbocodium vernwm.
Blooms a week before the crocus.” One
year I bought it and beat my neighbors. For
practical purposes it is an early pink crocus,
though botanically it belongs to the lily
family, while the crocus is of the iris family,
the chief distinction being that the ovary is

Try the rare crocuses mentioned on this page and
beat your neighbors by three weeks!
134

nm

y

They are not as permanent as in the garden, but mixed bulbs costlonly forty cents a hundred

generally below the calyx in the lily family,
and free from the calyx in the iris family. I
have never cared to grow the Bulbocodium
again, partly because it is rather expensive
in quantity, but chiefly because the rare
species of crocus above mentioned ought to
prove much earlier than the bulbocodium.

I have never seen a clear explanation of the
different species of crocus, but if I understand
it, we get our best yellow varieties from the
Dutch crocus (C. Mesiacus) while the lilac,
purple and white varieties are chiefly derived
from C. vernus, which is the most important
species.

The most delightful way to grow crocuses
is to scatter them in the lawn. If you have
never done this, take my advice, and get a
thousand mixed crocus bulbs for about three
dollars and plant them with the aid of a dib-
her, which will leave no unsightly holes in the
lawn. A still better plan, if you can afford it,
is to buy named varieties and use an English
bulb planter, which extracts a neat core of sod
each time and replaces one the next. One
reason why crocuses look so charming in the
grass is that they have a green setting, while
those in the garden have to come out of the
bare earth. The only drawback to this
method is that the number of flowers is dim-
inished every year, especially if you use the
lawn mower before the leaves have a chance
to yellow and decay, which shows that the
bulb is ripening well. But even if a third of
them disappear every season, it pays to plant

OcToOBER, 1906

a few hundred every year. With the bulbs
costing only half a cent each, in quantity,
there is really no excuse for not trying this
plan. But don’t plant the bulbs in straight
lines, as some do!

If you want better flowers, larger masses,
and more lasting results, you must raise
crocuses in beds of deep rich sandy loam.
In that case it will pay to dig up the crocuses
in midsummer the first two years, in order to
destroy all diseased and weak corms, as they
are highly susceptible to fungous diseases.
When the perfection of the new bulb shows
that the crocuses are at home, there is no need
of disturbing them until they crowd one
another so much as to deteriorate, which may
be in three or four years. The corms tend to
rise out of the ground because new ones form
on top of the old. Therefore, in garden cul-
ture, they would better be planted three
nches deep, though some cultivators advise

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

only one or two inches, asserting that more
crocuses fail to bloom by reason of deep
planting than from any other cause.

The only hardy yellow flower of March I
know of, beside the crocus, is the winter aco-
nite (Hranthis hyemalis). It has larger
flowers than a crocus, and sometimes blooms
as early as January. It belongs to the butter-
cup family, and has from five to eight golden
petals, or rather sepals, for such the petal-like
parts are supposed to be, as in many other
members of the Ranunculacee. The plant
grows about six inches high, and each stem
has one palmately cut leaf directly under the
solitary flower. There are also similar basal
leaves which expand later.

The winter aconite is one of those flowers
mentioned in every book on gardening, but
rarely seen in real life in America. Although
it has run wild in a few places here, it is
probably not adapted as well to our climate

135

as to that of its European home. The
standard advice is to naturalize it under de-
ciduous trees, as it is supposed not to like full
sunshine while ripening its bulbs. Yet I
saw such a spot at Tuxedo last spring where
only half a dozen plants had struggled
through the ground from the five hundred
bulbs planted during the previous autumn.
It is to be hoped that someone who has both
failed and succeeded with the winter aconite
will give us the benefit of his experience.
Mere unclouded success rarely enlightens.

PLANTING TABLE FOR MARCH-BLOOMING BULBS

Depth

Distance apart
(inches) i

(inches)

Snowdrop, common 2 2
5 giant 3 4
Glory-of-the-snow 2-3 1-2
Scillas 3 4
Winter aconite I 4
Crocuses 1-3 2-4
Grecian windflower 1-2 4
Spring snowflake 2-3 4

Growing Mushrooms on a Ping-Pong Table—By Louise Shaw %,

FOUR MONTHS’

SUPPLY OF THIS TABLE DELICACY RAISED IN AN ORDINARY HOUSE CELLAR—THE

AMATEOR’S OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE MUSHROOMS FROM CHRISTMAS TO EASTER BY BEGINNING NOW

OR years we dreamed of raising mush-
rooms in the cellar, but last autumn
the enterprising member of the family said
we were really going to do it. Many and, it
must be confessed, conflicting accounts of
how to begin were read, but the general
directions finally followed were those given
in Farmer’s Bulletin No. 204, from the De-
partment of Agriculture.

A room that could either be shut off from
the rest of the cellar or opened to admit the
heat of the furnace was chosen for the experi-
ment (a mushroom cellar must be kept
steadily at 55 degrees). For the bed itself we
adopted the simple expedient of setting up
an old ping-pong table and boarding up the
sides about fifteen inches. This gave us a
bed of forty-five square feet at much less
cost than the customary shelves around the
wall.

From a livery stable nearby we bought for
three dollars enough fresh horse manure to
make twelve wheelbarrow loads after the
coarsest straw had been taken out. The
manure must be fresh; it is useless for
mushroom growing after it has lost its heat.
The manure was put under a covered shed
where the rain could not reach it, and during
the next ten days it was turned seven times—
every day at first and later every other day.
The purpose of turning the manure is to keep
it from burning while the first violent decom-
position takes place; when that is over, and
there is no longer danger of a sour fermenta-
tion setting in, it is safe to use the material
for making the beds. This condition is not
supposed to be reached inside of two or three
weeks, but in our case the manure seemed to
be in right condition in a little over a week,
possibly on account of the frequent turning.

On the tenth day (November 17th) the bed
was made by pounding down the manure layer
by layer until the whole twelve wheelbarrow
loads were packed to a depth of not more than
ten inches, and the bed was so solid that a
vigorous thrust was needed to drive in our
beautiful new brass-pointed thermometer.

WATCHING THE TEMPERATURE

It took only a day or two for the tempera-
ture of the bed to rise to 96°F. Then it be-
gan to drop gradually. In ten or eleven days
the bed had reached the right temperature to
spawn—7o to 75 degrees—and here we met
the first reverse: The spawn was so delayed
in delivery that by the time it reached us the
temperature of the bed had fallen to 56 de-
grees. It was brought up to 68° again by
covering the bed a foot deep with salt hay and
sprinkling with warm water about a week

This bed was made up November 17th; spawned December 7th; and cased onthe 14th. The first mushrooms appeared above the surface of the bed February 7th, at
which time the mulch of salt hay was removed. To secure mushrooms for Christmas spawn the bed before October 15th

after spawning. Of course this would not be
necessary, ordinarily.

SPAWNING THE BED

We used the pure culture spawn; two
dollars’ worth is enough for fifty square feet
of bed. ‘The directions for spawning are to
make holes in the manure a few inches deep
and a foot apart with a pointed stick, to put
a piece of spawn the size of an egg in each
hole, and to press the manure together over it.
This procedure was followed carefully; but
from last year’s experience we have decided to
make the holes closer and put less spawn in
them, when making another bed. We hope
thus to distribute the mushrooms more evenly
over the surface of the bed. After spawning
the room was darkened by hanging rugs over
the windows, but we have never been able to
find out whether mushrooms really prefer the
dark or not.

AN EARLY RUN

About two weeks after spawning one is
supposed to examine the bed to see if there

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

same as the room itself, and refused to rise
again, in spite of two further sprinklings with
warm water. Great was our triumph, there-
fore, when one day, exactly two months after
putting in the spawn, we discovered masses
of tiny mushrooms no bigger than pinheads
scattered irregularly over the bed. A few
days later, February 11th, we gathered our
first crop, a quarter of a pound; and from
then to June 14th, when the bed was cleared
out, we gathered forty-eight and a half pounds
—a good result for a first attempt, as any
yield over half a pound to the square foot is
looked upon as a success by commercial
growers.

All the little pinheads that first appear do
not grow into big mushrooms—only a few
mature—and the later mushrooms are much
bigger, one to two inches in diameter, when
they push through the soil. The pinhead
stage is only the first manifestation; or it may
even have been peculiar to our bed. Fs

We made one serious mistake that caused
the bed to yield poorly for a few weeks. In
all directions for mushroom culture repeated

For best flavor gather the mushrooms just after the veil has broken. The specimen on the left is in prime
condition. If older than shown on the right flavor will be lacking

are fine white threads in the manure around
the lumps of spawn. ‘This means that the
spawn is “running,” and it is time to ‘‘case”’
the bed. As we lacked patience to wait two
weeks we scratched up a little corner at the
end of one week. ‘The spawn seemed to be
“running” all right, so we ‘“‘cased”’ the bed
without further delay. ‘‘Casing” means
spreading a layer of good soil, free from stones
and hard lumps, over the surface about one
to one and a half inches thick. And then
we settled down to a long wait.

MUSHROOMS IN TWO MONTHS

Mushrooms are said to appear in from four
to fourteen weeks, and because of the low
temperature at which we spawned the bed
we were prepared for the worst. ‘The tem-
perature sank slowly from 68° to 50°, the

warnings are given not to make the bed too
wet: if it must have water give only a light
sprinkling. So when our mushrooms sud-
denly began to be very small and very tough,
and failed to improve under the “‘light sprink-
ling’ advised, we were at a loss to know the
trouble. We could get no enlightenment from
any of our literature on the subject, and being
without experience could not decide whether
they were rotting from too much water or
drying up from too little. At last, to settle
the matter even at the risk of ruining the bed,
we gave it a good soaking with four gallons
of tepid water. Ina few days we saw mush-
rooms appearing once more and such splendid
big ones that there could be no doubt that
we had chosen the right course. ‘Though

writers on mushroom culture are: right in ~

warning against the too free use of -water;

OcTOBER, 1906

this incident will show that too little water is
also a danger and that smal] tough mush-
rooms are the result. The watering, of
course, should be done after gathering the
mushrooms, and always with a sprinkler; in
that way it does no harm to the young mush-
rooms remaining in the bed.

FLAVOR AND SIZE

We have come to the conclusion that the
flavor of the mushroom is at its best after the
‘‘veil” has broken, but before the edges of the
cap are rolled up. ‘‘Buttons” and very old
mushrooms have comparatively little taste
and the size of the mushroom seems to have
nothing to do with the flavor, the little ones
being as good as the big quarter-pound ones.
There is no choice, either, between the white-
capped and the brown-capped varieties in
this matter, but the brown ones have the ad-
vantage of growing a trifle larger before the
“veil” breaks. ‘The white one is the prettier.

Great care must be taken in gathering
mushrooms not to pull out a great many little
ones with the big ones, as they generally come
in thick clusters. The best way is to take
the cap firmly in the fingers of the right hand
and twist out the mushroom, at the same time
pressing the soil down on either side of the
stem with the first and second fingers of the
left hand. In this way the others are not dis-
turbed and the whole stem of the mushroom
comes out—an important point, as stubs left
in the ground are said often to rot and cause
trouble. As soon as a mushroom is gathered
the lower part of the stem should be cut off,
so that there may be no danger of soil falling
into the gills when it is laid down. If at the
same time the cap is brushed off with a soft
cloth all necessity of washing the mushroom
will be done away with, and the loss of much
of its flavor consequently avoided. We know
this from eating both washed and unwashed
mushrooms.

COOKING TO RETAIN FLAVOR

There are many ways of cooking mush-
rooms, but the two simplest—broiled and
sauté—are the best, as they interfere the
least with the mushroom’s own flavor. In
any case cut off the stem close to the gills and
peel the cap from the edge to the crown. If
they are to be broiled, have the fire low and
lay them on an open oyster broiler, gills down
for a few minutes at first. ‘Then turn them
with a fork—it crushes them too much to
close the broiler on them—sprinkle a very
little salt on them, and just before they are
tender lay a little piece of butter in the centre
of each one, where it will melt and run
through the gills. Serve them on toast, not
buttered, as buttered toast has too much
taste of itsown. Tosauté them, put them ina
sauce pan with a little butter—no water—and
cook them, under a cover, from a half to three
quarters of an hour over boiling water. A
beautiful brown juice cooks out of them to
moisten the toast. Some people add a little
cream at the last moment, but we thought
them better without it. The most important
thing is to serve them very hot. For this
reason it is nice to do them at the table in a
chafing dish.

emma en

Ocroser, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 137

Que importations of these bulbs and plants from Europe are made with special
reference to the needs of private conservatories, commercial greenhouses and
others who desire the most reliable qualities obtainable, for those who produce the
flowers for pleasure or for profit, rather than for selling the bulbs themselves. The
bulbs we offer will, under proper treatment, produce the best flowers that grow.

Hyacinths

The very largest and most perfect, solid, sound bulbs selected out of
entire fields by experts on the grounds. They can be depended upon to
give extra large and well developed spikes of bloom fit for prize exhibition
and special ornament.

Vaughan’s Netherlands
or Top Root

SINGLE RED AND ROSE

Rosea Maxima. Kose.
Robert Steiger. Crimson.

Gertrude. Dark Rose.
Lord Macauley. Soft Red.
Moreno. Pink.

SINGLE WHITE

La Grandesse. Best White.
La Franchise. Waxy White.
Madam Vanderhoop. Late.

L’ Innocence. Pure White.
Grandeur a Merveille. Blush.

SINGLE BLUE

Queen of the Blues. Light; fine spike.

Grand Lilas. Fine Spike.
Shotel, Large bells.

Grand Maitre. Dark Porcelain.
King of the Blues. Dark.

Price of any of the above, 20 cents each, $2.00 per dozen; $15.00 per 100, by express at buyer’s expense

VAUGHAN’S MOTHER BULBS NARCISSUS

These are the pick of the crop, being bulbs of extra large size and will throw nearly twice as many flowers as the
ordinary grade, thus making up for the slight additional cost.

The varieties given below ars free flowering, and splendid, either for cutting or growing in pans.

Narcissus, Golden Spur.

JAPANESE EASTER LILY

(Lilium Longiflorum Multiflorum)

This is the best of all Lilies for indoor pot culture, bulbs
planted when received about latter part of September can be
readily brought into bloom by Easter if kept in a warm room
or greenhouse after roots have been thoroughly established.
Flowers are large trumpet shape, pure white in color and of a
delicious fragrance.

First Size Bulbs, which should produce from 4 to 6 flowers,

8cts. each: 20 cts. for 3; 75 cts. per doz., postpaid. By ex-
press, 60cts., per doz.; $4.75 per 100; $10.00 for 250.

Extra Size Bulbs, which should produce from 6 to 10
flowers, 15c. each; 40 cts. for 3; $1.25 per doz. postpaid. By
express, $1.00 per doz.; $2.00 for 25 ; $7.00 per 100; $15.00 for
250

Mammoth Bulbs, which should produce up to 15 flowers

ona stalk, 30 cts. each; $5 cts. for 3; $2.75 per doz., postpaid.
By express, 20 cts. each ; $2.00 per doz.; $3.75 for 25.

EMPEROR

A magnificent sort. he entire flower is a rich yellow;
trumpet of immense size, and petals of the perianth so
broad that they overlap. Per doz. 75c.; per 100, $4.50.

EMPRESS

This makes a fitting companion to the above, and is, we
think, the finest of the two-colored trumpet varieties. The
trumpet is of a rich yellow, with perianth of snow-white
petals; flower bold and erect. Per doz.,8s5c.; per 100, $5.00.

Artus. Brilliant scarlet; large flowers
Belle Alliance. Scarlet yellow base, choice .

L?Immaculee.
Pottebakker White.

ss Scarlet. Bright scarlet
Princess Marianne. Rose white; extia large
Proserpine. Rich carmine-rose fine forcer

Queen Victoria (La Reine). White, shaded rose, very fine. . ON Oe aM 7a

Yellow Prince. Pure yellow; best for pots

GOLDEN SPUR

Extra large, rich yellow flower, devoid of green midrib.
A very strong grower. Per doz., 75c.; per 100, $4.50.

DOUBLE VAN SION

We only get a limited quantity of these, the bulbs are
extra large and will throw from three to five flowers each.
Per doz., 75c.; per 100, $4.50.

Single and Double Tulips

The following are a few of the best roots selected from our general list:

SINGLE VARIETIES

100
$1 65
ie35)
25

MLO NE eet

DOUBLE VARIETIES

Crown of Gold. Large flower, rich golden yellow, shaded orange ; very double ..

Imperator Rubrorum. Bright scarlet; a brilliant color
La Candeur. Best double white for bedding
Murillo. Light Rose
Tournesol Red and Yellow
oo Yeliow

N wh HW

SN punn
Mn OU

LATE FLOWERING VARIETIES

Bouton d’Or. Deep Golden Yellow
Gesneriana. Briliant crimson scarlet
Isabella. Primrose flushed rose
Darwin. Mixed colors

Parrot. Mixed colors

Doz.

wt oo
13 50

eee een eee eee eee —————————— eee

For full list of Fall Bulbs write for copy of our “ Bulb Catalog.

VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE

CHICAGO
84-86 Randolph St.

Mailed free.

NEW YORK
14 Barclay Street

138 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctoBerR, 1906

Healthful y

Bed Covers — q ee = Sd,
-—a Comfort that “\g ” is Warm and LIGHT

Heavy covers are not only depressing to sleep under and wot warm, they are unhealth ful.

MaisH LAMINATED Corron Down ComForts are luxuriously warm and very light.

The filling of MarsH Comrorts 1s one continuous, fluffy piece, the same thickness at every
point; no lumps, no thin places. By a special process, the long jrbres of the finest snow-white
cotton are separated, curled, and then woven into thin, filmy layers. These layers are then
merged into a supple, downy layer, the exact size and thickness of the comfort.

In between the fibres of this downy filling, are thousands of tiny air-cells—little non-conductors
that keep the warmth of the body in. Tp ys

But you must see it to understand how warm and hght this filling is. Write
for a free piece cut from a MaisH ComFort with samples of MAIsH cover-
ings in newest patterns of silkolenes and sateens.

Tomato Varieties for Succession
HAVE read the article on Quality

Leading stores have MaisH Comrorts; ask for them but zvs7st on seeing this trade-mark, | Tomatoes in the September GARDEN
It is sewn to every genuine Marsu. If you don’t find it, don’t accept unhealthful heavy comforts, ||| MAGAZINE with a great deal of pleasure, and
order a Matsu direct from us. feel that it admirably states the main case,

To those who prefer to cover their own comforts, we furnish MAIsH LAMINATED COTTON Down “‘ batts’’—the filling, —}- tl ry = Seer :

in any size anh Oe covering. Write to-day for freesample and ‘‘Comtort’’ our book of valuable facts about bedding, iF but. T would offer these sugges tions as to
Se — The Chas. A. Maish Company, 1133 Bank Street, Cincinnati. a= | Varieties: :

———— — EEE The Trucker’s Favorite and Stone to-

a

matoes are large-fruited, late or main crop

No Judicious Property Owner ; sorts, but if you were to plant say Lorillard
: : or Chalk’s Early Jewel, you would have
Neglects His Fire Insurance bt scarles eens :

bright scarlet tomatoes of fine flavor, solid
Nantes ty al Bits ; flesh, uniform shape, and more nearly the
But many injudicious people neglect their painting. Yet it is a fact that while desirable size indice date anne
you may never have a fire, your property will inevitably go to rack and ruin, un- these kinds vou, <hGuiane ae ane oe
less constantly protected by good paint. If an insured building burns, the insurance Ba a ee eee ane ee Sale
company pays for rebuilding; but if a building decays for want of paint, the loss is SP aie
all yours. Paint based on OXIDE OF ZINC and pute linseed oil, preserves

Trucker’s Favorite. For purple or pink
buildings indefinitely.
THE NEW JERSEY ZINC GO:

fruited sorts, the Acme, Earliest Pink, and
the new June Pink will give much earlier

71 Broadway, New York
We do not grind zinc in oil.

fruits than the Trucker’s Favorite. The
Acme is a smooth and regular fruit, very
sweet-flavored.
I agree entirely with the advice to support
he the plants on stakes, for the fruits will then
Hammer the Hammer’’ ripen earlier, and will be of finer flavor and
WITHOUT FEAR OF DISCHARGE appearance than when the vines are allowed
Because the revolver hammer never touches the firing | ‘© spread over the ground. With me an
pin. This safety principle, found only in the Iver Johnson | €atly sort will not produce good fruit con-
Safety Automatic Revolver, is dus to the fact that the | tinuously throughout the season, and a
fever which transmits the blow frou: the hammer tothe | second lot of seed is planted in June, if a

firing pin is never in position to do so except when the . = i j i
trigger is pulled all the way back. supply of the finest fruits is desired for

SEND FOR BOOKLET “SHOTS” _| fall use.

It’s full of firearm lore; gives important facts that every owner of At the end of the bearing season the

firea: should k 3 iT int ils illus 5 a F a8 =
Sectional views the pecullar“construction ae Gia nimstates by | strength of the early plants is exhausted, and

A Suggestive Pamphlet,
*“*Paint: Why, How and When,”
FREE to property owners.

A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application.

Iver Johnson Safety | Iver Johnson Safety the later fruits will be inferior in size, form,
Bint bee ed citea | Hammerless Revolver and quality. Of course you avoid this to a
finish, 22 ri fi ant 3inch barrel, nickel-plated BS 3 Orne 9 ped Biake! 2

ridge,'32-38 center Anishirsolseiicenter certain extent in selecting a variety like Stone,
fire cartridge - - $5,001! fire cartridge - - $6.00

but do so at the expense of your season of
For sale by Hardware and Sporting Goods dealers everywhere, or fruiti
will be sent prepaid on receipt of price if your dealer will not supply i iting.
IVER JOHNSON’S ARMS AND CYCLE WORKS With us the red tomatoes in good varieties

167 River Street. Fitchburg, Mass. do not have an acid flavor until the nights
New York Office: 99 Chambers St. Pacific Coast Branch: P. B.

Bekeart Co., 2330 Alameda Ave., Alameda, Cal. European Office: | become cool, this flavor being largeiy a mat-
Pickhuben 4, Hamburg, Gcimany. ce

ter of temperature, as instanced by the acid
flavor of red tomatoes early in the spring and
during the fall months. I have always con-
sidered the glass house tomato the highest
development in point of quality, but when
in California last fall, I found the tomatoes
there of all kinds much sweeter and finer in
flavor than any that I had ever tasted under
any circumstances—and JI am exceptionally
fond of tomatoes. The acid flavor of the
canned tomatoes of the grocery trade is, I

_— 1906

_ Borated Talcum <#£

| TheMennen Caddie
| offers instant relief from chaps
| and skin roughness which keen
| éallwinds bring tooutof doorfolks.
MENNEN’S BORATED
TALCUM POWDER
| soothes and heals all chafing and
chapping, and is put upin non-
refillable box—Mennen’s face on
the cover guaranteesit’s genuine.
For sale everywhere, or by
mail for 25 cts.
GERHARD
MENNEN CO.
Newark, N.J.
oe Try Men-
nen’s Violet
Talcum

Powder.”

Rife Automatic
Hydraulic Ram

(Water Pumped by Water Power)

No Attention No Expense
Runs Continuously

Country Homes Formal Gardens

Farms Town Plants Irrigation

Railroad Tanks

5000 in Operation 80% efficiency developed
Catalog and Estimate Free

RIFE ENGINE CO., 2109 Trinity Bldg., New York

Dairies, Etc.

«« America’s Greatest Railroad ”’

Operating more than 12,0co miles of Rail-
way east of Chicago, St. Louis
and Cincinnati comprising the
NEw York CENTRAL & HUDSON RIVER
LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN
Bic Four Route
MICHIGAN CENTRAL

f Boston & ALBANY
! PItTsBURG & LAKE ERIE
LAKE ERIE & WESTERN
CHICAGO, INDIANA & SOUTHERN
LAKE ErRIg£, ALLIANCE & WHEELING
New YorkK & OTTAWA
and RUTLAND RAILROADS

For a copy of ‘ America’s Winter Resorts,’’ send a two-
cent stamp to George H. Daniels, Manager General Ad-
vertising Department, Grand Central Station, New York.

Cae DAVIN
| Passenger Traffic Manager,
New York.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 139

Every Ambitious Young Man

Should read the article in the September issue of Everybody’s
Magazine, on Thrift
By Dr. ORISON SWETT MARDEN, Editor of Success

This is just an excerpt on
INDUCING THE HABIT OF SAVING

Se Anything which will encourage the habit of saving in this extravagant age is a blessing.
The temptations on every hand are so alluring that it is very difficult for a young man of
ordinary self-control to resist them and to save his money.

“‘T believe that life-insurance is doing more to induce the habit of saving than almost
anything else.

““T know of nothing which will cover up more blemishes, put out of sight more business
weaknesses, cover up more surely the lack of foresight and thrift than a good life-insurance
policy. It has proven a friend to thousands who have not been friends to themselves. It has
shielded thousands of families who would have been homeless without it; it has sent to college
multitudes of boys and girls who but for it would not have gone; it has started thousands of
young men in business who, but for it, either would not have started at all, or would have been
delayed for years. It has lifted the mortgage from thousands of homes. ‘ Primarily devised,’
says Senator Dryden, President of The Prudential Insurance Company of America, ‘for the
support of widows and orphans, life-insurance practice has been developed so as to include the
secure investment of surplus earnings in conjunction with the insurance of a sum payable

at death.’ ”’

This article should be read from start to finish by every young
man. The Prudential has published it in pamphlet form and will
send’a copy free to anyone who will write for it.

The Prudential

issues just the forms of policies

best adapted to the purposes

of saving and investment as
well as protection.

Protection, Security and Profit
for Policyholders

Write now to Dept. 75

The Prudential Insurance
Company of America

Incorporated as a Stock Company by the State of New Jersey

Home Office:
NEWARK, N. J.

JOHN F. DRYDEN,
President

This is the only book on Life

Insurance which treats a policy

Flow to
Buy

LY how to buy intelligently.

and written in words simpler than your policy.

CONSIDER:

as merchandise, and tells the man who is thinking of insuring
A book that it is a duty to read—

L[nsurance

Ryans Bey ($1.30 postpaid.)

16TH ST., NEW YORK CITY

DOUBLEDAY PAGE cCO;,

r3 gui

140

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OcroBber, 1906

Evergreens Grown in New England

Are better and hardier than those grown further South.
Fall is the best time for planting, the percentage of loss
being less than in the Spring.

Blue Spruce, Concolor Firs, Hemlocks, White, Aus-
trian and Scotch Pines, Retinisporas, Thuyas, Junipers
and many other rare conifers in all sizes and quantities
at lowest prices considering the quality.

HARDY PERENNIALS

We have the largest and most varied stock of field and
pot-grown plants in America.

We also offer
Rosa Spinosissima, Dutch Bulbs and Lilies
PLANTING SUGGESTIONS and detailed ad-

vice sent by mail without expense to our customers, and
we solicit correspondence on all questions relating to
selection or arrangement of Plants.

TWENTY YEARS EXPERIENCE in this work enables us to give the most valuable advice both as to
economy and best results.
Summer Catalogue of Evergreens now ready.

Address Dept. B

SHADY HILL NURSERY COMPANY

Bedford, Massachusetts

BULBS FOR HOUSE AND CONSERVATORY
BULBS FOR AMATEUR GARDENERS

BULBS FOR THE PRIVATE GARDEN
BULBS FOR PLANTING IN OPEN GROUND

Our long experience in the bulb trade enables us to make a selection
from experienced growers in Holland that will give satisfaction to our
customers. Our illustrated Autumn Bulb Catalogue for 19U6 con- |
tains a selected list of the choicest varieties. Itissent free on |
application.

H. E. FISKE SEED CO.
{2 AND 13 FANEUIL HALL SQUARE
BOSTON, MASS.

all who send for it.

6

UR BULB CATALOGUE, beautifully illustrated with full
and reliable cultural directions, and containing, as for-
merly, the largest and most varied assortment of high

class Bulbs in America, is now ready and will be mailed free to

A postal is sufficient.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

33 BARCLAY STREET through to 38 PARK PLACE
NEW YORK

Founded in 1802

think, very largely due to the fact that the
canneries do not begin to put up the fruit
until about September, at which time the
cool nights are generally due. Near New
York City, and further north, the warm
summer season is of shorter duration,
and the cool nights more prevalent—con-
sequently, the red tomatoes are more dis-
tinctly acid, and the pink or purple fruited
sorts will have much the best flavor, and are
not liable to crack, except in very wet weather.

The yellow tomatoes, of which I consider
the Golden Queen or Golden Sunrise the
finest sorts, are sweet, but decidedly insipid.

Personally, I think the addition of sugar
in cooking tomatoes for the table destroys
the flavor of the fruit to a considerable ex-
tent, and for this reason we add a small
portion of bi-carbonate of soda, fer frying
(with cream, country style) which counter-
acts the acidity, and prevents the gravy (the
most essential part of the dish with the
children) from curdling.

It is quite difficult to really confine one’s
self to the limits of a magazine, as subjects
like this are apt to run away with an en-
thusiastic gardener.

Doylestown, Pa. E. D. DARLINGTON.

Ripening Green Tomatoes

AL Oe will not stand frost, and late
in the fall there are often a great many
green fruits still left onthe vines. These can
be ripened in many ways. Spade up a piece
of ground in a warm and sheltered corner.
Pull up the plants with the fruit on.
Spread them on the ground, and cover with
straw, leaves or burlap. Here the fruits
will ripen beautifully. Another way is to
turn a dry goods box into a ripening house.
Put in sliding shelves that can easily be
shoved in and out to enable you to examine
the tomatoes, and a close-fitting door. Keep
a warm, moist atmosphere in the box and
the fruits will ripen well without the sun.
Be careful that no rotting fruits are allowed
to remain in the box, as they will spoil the
good ones.
New York. E. M. Barron.

Important October Work

GEN up the vegetable garden, burn

diseased plants, plow under all the
manure you can get, and leave the ground
rough all winter, as advised by Prof. Sander-
son, in the August GARDEN MaAGaAzINe,
page 40, and page 82 of the September issue.

Before October 15th divide and rearrange
perennials in the hardy border.

A fortnight after the killing frosts, or when
sufficiently ripened, dig up all tender bulbs,
e. g., cannas, gladioli, dahlias, tuberoses,
caladiums. Dry thoroughly, shake off dirt,
and store for winter.

Cut off all the old stalks of the asparagus
bed, and burn them. Some people give
the ground a mulching of manure at this
time, but others do not, as it introduces too
many weed seeds. Warm, well drained,
sandy soil suits asparagus best.

Give the rhubarb roots a good heavy mul-
ching of well decayed manure—a foot deep.
They are gross feeders.

|
|
|

OcroneR. 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 141

Us

eee

GRAPES FOR EVERY)
GARDEN

Grapes are the most tractable of all fruits. There is no
plant fer the home garden that is so utterly indifferent to its jf
position. Grape vines will accommodate themselves to the f
§ most difficult situations. They take up little room and are ex-
ceedingly ornamental in many ways, as arbors, on trellises, or
for covering unsightly walls and fences. They take up prac-
B tically no room yet their yield is most abundant, providing de-
j licious fruit for weeks when there are few other fresh fruits to
be had, and that with slight cost. H

We will send you ten large grape vines of the best varieties
including Delaware, Niagara, Concord, etc., in three red, three |
white and four black varieties, for $1.00, delivered free. These
are vines of the highest quality, just what we have been supply- }
ing the large commercial grape grower who of course demands f
the best for quality and yield. We have been growing grape |
vines for forty years. !

Send for the above collection to plant out this fall. Let us
send you our illustrated descriptive Hand Book which will tell §
you how to plant, cultivate and train them.

T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY |

} Grape Vine Specialists, FREDONIA, N. Y.

f eae is another picture of a strong,
healthy, vigorous Mellin’s Food
boy. Like all the others of the many
thousands of pictures of beautiful
Mellin’s Food babies which we have,
it was sent to us entirely voluntarily
by a grateful parent, who, knowing
by experience how wonderfully good
Mellin’s Food is for babies, hoped to
induce you to try it for your baby.

The Agricultural Experts Association

GEORGE T. POWELL, President
120 Broadway, N. Y.
PpEVELOPMENT of Country Places; Examinations made of
Land with full reports and Suggestions for Improvement;
Advice on General Management; Policies Outlined; Location of

Buildings; Landscape Work; Orchard Development; Care of
Forest Land and Live Stock. Correspondence invited.

— MUSICAL HANDBOOK FREE

ey) toany one thinking of purchasing a musical instrv-

ment. Contains illustrations, descriptionsand the
F—= lowest prices on 25,000 instruments and supplies of
artistic musical quality. Alsomuch valuable infor-
mation. Ourname for42yearshasbeenthestandard,

PIANOS, VIOLINS, MANDOLINS,

Band Instruments, Talking Machines, ete. Every-
thing known in music is sold_by us. Write today.

LYON & HEALY, \a'aaamest., chicago
ARE YOU FOND OF MOTORING ?
Read THE MOTOR PIRATE, and
THE CRUISE oF THE CONQUEROR:

F or The Further Adventures of The Motor Pirate
Prepaid, $1.50 Each
L. C. Page & Company, Boston

If your baby is not developing as
rapidly as he should, you ought to give
\ him Mellin’s Food.

If you will write us, we will send you

by return mail, entirely free of charge,

a Sample Bottle of Mellin’s Food and

4 a beautiful Book, “‘ The Care and
Feeding of Infants.”

3

We will also tell you just how to

wow prepare Mellin’s Food for your baby,
Z | so that he will grow up a strong, happy,

Wee healthy child, with bright eyes, clear
ee complexion and a rugged constitution.

MUS IEILIONES JEOQO NID) “COs,
291 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Mass.

|
|
\

S YOUR BEAUTIFUL LAWN DIS-
FIGURED RY UGLY LEANING
CLOTHES POSTS that are a constant eye
ore? Get

HILL’S FAMOUS
LAWN DRYER

It always looks neat and tidy. Holds roo to 150
feet of line, quickly removed after the wash. Lasts
a lifetime; saves line and clothes. No tramping in
wet grass or snow: line comes to you. More than

rk Avenue, Worcester, Mass.

— = ta jeicot two million people use them. Also Balcony
om : 8 and Roof Dryers. :
-_ ee neil Se a If not found at hardware store, write
Winitetor HILL DRYER CO., 359 Pa

Catalog 39
SERIE 1

142

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OcTOBER, 1906"

Water

is what you need if you are the occupant of a

suburban mansion or country cottage, more or | }

less remote from a public fire department. The
peril from fire is always present and there is no
more important duty devolving upon you than to

protect the lives of your family—and your prop-
erty as well—by an ABUNDANT and CONSTANT
form of water supply. There zs only one, always
reliable, independent of wind or weather ; it 1s the

Hot-Air Pump

The Feeling of Security which one of these
pumps insures to its owner will alone repay him
many times its cost, while the other advantages
of owning a Hot- Air Pump are as varied as the
many uses to which water is daily put—from the
morning bath to sprinkling the lawn and garden.
It does away entirely with the slow and expensive
process of conveying water by hand.

One of these pumps, representing a permanent

investment which will outlast a generation, can

now be bought at the very Icw price of $108.

Catalogue ‘‘U”’ sent free on application.

Rider-Ericsson Engine Co.

35 Warren Street, New York

239 Franklin Street, Boston

40 Dearborn Street, Chicago

40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia

234 Craig Street West, Montreal, P. Q.
22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S. W.
Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba

Jones’ Pat.

Folding Plant Stands _

Steel Swinging

4 ee Plant Brackets
Bei} Window Shelves
es and other
One i Window
Bracket like | Garden
cut for sample ats
only, sent postpaid Requisites

for 25

Our new IIlustrated Catalogue gives
addresses of dealers at different sections
of the United States who sell these goods. @;
Sent free on application.

Special Prices and Club Rates.
M. D. JONES & CO.

77 Portland St., Beston, Mass., U. S. A.

ents.

Making Cuttings and Sowing
Seeds in Fall

PjUEINS the past year I have derived

much pleasure and a_ profitable
experience in the use of two coldframes.
One frame is 3 x 6 ft. and has a second-hand
sash for which I paid one dollar. In this

This screen gave young plants protection from the
late frosts and shade from the hot sun

I planted seed of coreopsis, foxglove, pansy
and the cardinal flower; also cuttings of phlox,
Boston ivy, deutzia, roses, wistaria, hibiscus,
snow-ball and althea.

The phlox cuttings were made from the
side shoots of a flowering head and from the
main stems, most of the leav es being removed
or trimmed. We were more successful with
the cuttings from the side shoots. The
cuttings of the other plants were six inches
long, the bottom cut being just below a bud,
the “leaves remov ed or trimmed and planted
with one bud above ground.

On the approach of severe weather the
frame was filled with leaves which were
covered with newspapers, the sash was put
on and when the ground froze boards were
placed over the sash.

The other frame is 2 x 6 ft.

You might

|

Hundreds of plants were started in boxes under
this twenty-cent cheesecloth screen

Pearline Pearline
Keeps
Linen

Fresh

Keeps
Glass
Brilliant

PEARLINE.

Choicer the article the Greater the ioe of
ARLINE'S gentle, yet effective way of washing.
telligent and thrifty women are those most

| enthusiastic about Fearline

No matter how good your lamp,
a MacseTru chimney makes it
better.

They are made ito tt, and do
not break from heat.

My lamp-chimneys offer the
only practical remedy for all lamp-
illk—good glass properly made.
That’s why they make good lamps
better.

My Index is free. Address,

MA ‘S B BE ae Pittsburgh.

101 BEST SORTS
LE E 'D LE OSE
Floral Company LARGE TWO-YEAR-OLDS
WASTES ro for $1. 4 for 50c., potspaid
SPRINGFIELD, O. STRONG YOUNG PLANTS
EXPERL GROWERS 24 for $1. x1 for 50c., postpaid

MAULE’S SEEDS LEAD ALL

Illustrated Catalogue free
WM. HENRY MAULE
1701 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Largest importers and growers of

OrcHIDS in the United States

LA G EGR & SHeUsReReE see
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

Buy From A Specialist

SHECTMEN TREES
Choice Evergreens:
Bene Planting,
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS
Write for large illustrated catalog.
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist,
DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

Octoser, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 143

LARGEST AND BEST FLOWERING BULBS.
WE IMPORT NO LOW PRICED “SECONDS.”

GREATEST ASSORTMENT OF BULBS
IN AMERICA.

STANDARD VARIETIES AND MANY GRAND
NOVELTIES IN

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, DAFFODILS, LILIES, PAEONIES,
IRIS, AND A HOST OF OTHER KINDS OF BULBS

TO FLOWER IN THE HOUSE THIS WINTER
OR IN THE GARDEN NEXT SPRING.

Henderson’s Autumn Catalogue

Most Complete and Beautiful—Bulbs, Plants, Seeds, etc.
for Fall Planting.

We mail it FREE to applicants mentioning Garden Magazine.

For Fall Planti

I OFFER A CHOICE STOCK OF

Shade and Ornamental Trees, Ev-
ergreens, Shrubs, Hedge
Plants, Roses, Vines,

Hardy Peren-
nials, Etc.

Write for catalogue and price list
Pee PINE, VORRIS NURSERY COMPANY

1 MADISON AVENUE - - NEW YORK CITY

DREER’S

Superb
Tulips

Many brilliant color effects are possible
with Tulips that cannot be produced with
any other plant. A few bulbs scattered
here and there give but little effect, but
when planted in masses they become at
once grand and brilliant, and eclipse in
variety and brilliancy of coloring almost
any other flower.

A bed 6 feet in diameter requires 156
bulbs, planted 5 inches apart each way,
and this number in the best bedding vari-
eties can be bought for $2.75 to $3.25,
according to variety. Details of bed and
full lists of sorts and prices, as well asa
complete list of other bulbs, such as
Hyacinths, Narcissus, Crocus, Lilies, etc.,
also Hardy Garden Plants, Seasonable
Flower and Vegetable Seeds, is given in

| oa on We Grow
Peonies

Nothing Else

oe TOW is the time to
} a4 a plant. Why puz-
} ; j : zle over and try to
3 make selections from
lists containing hun-

dreds of varieties. )
Many of the best are DREER S
practically identical — | S

| Autumn Catalogue

so nearly alike that
only an expert can dis-

Offer Only Twenty- -Five Varieties Free on application to all who mention this magazine

We believe them to be the choicest and best

tinguish the difference.
and the most desirable in cultivation. There HENRY A. DREER

is something new to be said on the subject
of Peonies, and we say it ina little book we

have. A postal card will bring it to you. 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia
MOHICAN PEONY GARDENS |
|

SINKING SPRINGS, PENNSYLVANIA

144

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Ocroper, 1906

Fi OR YOU

TEST

@We are so sure that Amatite is better than any other roofing that we want to send
a Free Sample to every one who will mail us their name and address. We know
Amatite is a great improvement on the ordinary ready roofings.

@lt doesn’t require painting or coating every year or two to keep it tight. It has a
non-conductive mineral surface, which gives it
long life and offers absolute protection against
rain, snow, hot weather, cold weather, frost
and ice. You can depend upon it under the §
most difficult conditions.
@Any one can lay it. No skilled labor re- |
quired. Nails and cement free with every roll. |
Qt is a fire retardant. And of importance,
its price is very low.

@Do not omit this chance to get a Free Sample and Booklet about it.

Address nearest office of the

Barrett Manufacturing Co., Amatite Dept. <p

Philadelphia,
Kansas City,

New York,

Minneapolis,

Cleveland, Boston,
Allegheny.

Cincinnati,
New Orleans,

Chicago,
St. Louis,

What's in a Name?

That depends on the spirit back of it
A MULE by any other name would kick as high, A ROSE by any other name would smell as sweet

The name ROSEDALE NURSERIES suggests to old customers

Business Integrity - Prompt Service - Fair Prices

To prove to new customers the value of the name and to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary
of the proprietor, we are offering bargains in all departments. Catalogue gives sizes and prices.
Awarded Gold Medal at St. Louis, 19O4

| S. G. HARRIS, M. S. TARRYTOWN, N. Y.

Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties sure to give satisfaction and
ODUCE A FULL CROP IN 1907.

We also have a full line of Fruits and Ornamental Trees, Plants, Vines, etc., for Fall Planting.

We do Landscape Gardening in all its branches. Catalogue Free

T. J. DWYER & CO., P.O. Box 4, Cornwall, New York

CLEMATIS FOR AUTUMN PLANTING

The most gorgeous flowering
vine for porch and trellis. It
will festoon the veranda with
a profusion of large white,
red or purple flowers.

We can supply fine 2-year-
old, strong, heavy field-grown
roots which will blossom next
August.

VE fi \ =
= 7 ra
Ss # | a 7

: VARIETIES: Henryii (white);
Madam Andre (red); Jackmanii (purple), Price 50c. each; $6.00 per dozen by mail.

Strong field grown plants.
BABY RAMBLER ROSES, 3sc. each, $:.50 per doz. by mail. é
Send for description of this charming new hardy Rose. *

H. S. WILEY & SON, Drawer 47, CAYUGA, N. Y.

Send for catalogue.

call it a box; it has no sash. In October
this was filled with small candy and cigar
boxes in which were planted the following
kinds of seeds: sweet peas, phlox, forget-me-
not, foxglove, salvia, pansy, oriental poppy,
single and Allegheny hollyhocks and nastur-
tium. These seeds were protected in the

ie BoE ite , : ,
Hardwood cuttings of vines and shrubs made now
and planted in a frame will grow next summer

same manner as the contents of the other
frame, except that the frame was not covered
with a sash.

CHEESE-CLOTH COVERS IN SPRING

The boards were removed March 6th,
and the leaves March 24th. After the leaves
were removed a cover of cheese-cloth was
fitted to the frame as a protection from frost
and as a shade from the sun. Most of the
seeds were making a good showing when
the boards were removed. ‘The salvias were
very slow in appearing and the phloxes and
nasturtiums failed to grow. The sweet

In this coldframe seeds of hardy annuals were sown
in boxes for the earliest spring flowers

peas were planted in deep cigar boxes.

When we transplanted them they had roots

six inches long.

The seedlings in the larger frame came
through in good condition. We have thriv-
ing plants of phlox, Boston ivy, deutzia and
roses which were grown from the cuttings.
The other cuttings were not a success.

In April I was obliged to remove one cold-
frame but made a cheap and effective substi-
tute. The boxes containing the seedlings
were placed on the concrete walk close to
the house and a piece of cheese-cloth one
yard wide and five yards long was procured.
One edge of this cloth was fastened to a
narrow strip of wood, and rings were fastened
to the other edge, at intervals, with which
to hang the cloth on hooks screwed into the
house. This screen protected the plants
from late frosts and shaded them from the

| OCTOBER,

1906

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 145

Dutch Bulbs From the Grower
Direct to the Planter.

We have just received from our nurseries at Sussenheim, Hol-
land, a supply of the very best bulbs of every description—all
suitable for forcing.

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NARCISSUS, CROCUS, ETC.

Wealso import from France Roman Hyacinths, Paperwhite
Narcissus, Grandiflora, and Freesia—also suitable for forcing.

Our stock is complete, although some varieties we have in
limited quantity, esell none but absolutely the best quality
bulbs. Order early while we still have full stock.

Catalogue Sent Upon Request.

FRANKEN BROTHERS Lake Forest,

Illinois.

NIZERE :
wa Sheep Manure

IB

ARREL EQUAL Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad

4 Modors. Helps nature hustle. For garden,

ia WAcon LOADS lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants.
|

LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order.

Delivered to your Freight Station.
MANURE p The Pulverized Manure Co., 19Union Stock Yards, Chicago.

15 ROSES

For $1.00 vescais

Postpaid
These are fine strong plants that have been in bloom for

two months. Your selection of the following varieties:
Marie Van Houtte, Bon Silene, Bride, Bessie Brown, Helen Gam-
bier, Pink Cochet, White Cochet, Yellow Cochet, White La France,
Pink La France, Striped La France, Red Mad. Abel Chatenay,
Countess Eva Stahremburg, Madam Vatrey, Pernet’s Triumph,
Safrano, Maréchal Neil, Bridesmaid, Cathe:ire Mermet, Golden
Gate, Etoile de Lyon, Ivory, La Princesse Vera, Helen Gould,
Gen. Jacquéminot, Paul Neyron, Vick’s Caprice, Glorie Lyonnaise,
Henry Martin, Marquis Querhoeut, Climbing Bridesmaid.
This offer holds good only to Jan. Ist, 1907
Get our catalogue of all BULBS and two-year-old Roses for
fall planting.

W. R. GRAY, Box 6, ‘Oakton, Fairfax Co., Va.

AUTUMN

BULBS

Narcissus,

Hyacinths,
Crocus, Jonquils, Ixias, Spar=
axis, Chinese Sacred Lilies, etc.

Full-line of bulbs for winter and early
spring blooming.

Tulips,

We import from the best Holland growers
and guarantee choice bulbs.
Send for our Bulb Catalog to-day

THE JEWEL NURSERY CO., Box 6, Lake City, Minn.

Ripe ING'S

NEW BOOK

|] NCREDIBLE as it

seems, considering
the range of his work,
Kipling has again
touched high-water
mark in an entirely
new kind of story. By
his magic the reader
sees pass before him
knights and robbers
and pirates in some of

BOOKS BY
RUDYARD KIPLING

ail ft

Puck of Pook’s Hill.

Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50

The Five Nations. Net, $1.40. Postage, 14 cents

Just So Stories. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents

The Just So Song Book. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents
Kim. $1.50.
The Day’s Work.
Stalky & Co.
The Brushwood Boy. $1.50
Plain Tales from the Hills.
The Kipling Birthday Book.
Life’s Handicap: Being Stories of Mine Own People. $1.50
Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Wee

$1.50
$1.00

the most exciting From ao Sa. vo Volumes, $2.00

The Light That Failed.
Soldier Stories. $1.50
(With Wolcott Balestier.) The Naulahka. $1.00

Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room

events in old English

ee 66 © Ballads. $1.50
history ——— thou oh 1 i soldiers three: Booster. of the Gadsbys, and In Black

shall have happened
three thousand years.”

A more fascinating
book, especially for young readers, would be
hard to imagine.

PUCK OF POOK’S HILL

Ready October 4th
Illustrated in color by Arthur Rackham. $1.50

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

The publishing event of the year:

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

THE WoRLD'’S WoRK
FARMING

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

For Liquor and
Drug Using

A scientific remedy which has been
skillfully and successfully administered by
medical specialists for the past 27 years

AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES:

Pittsburg, Pa
4246 Fifth Ave.

Providence. R. f.
Toronto, Ont., Canada
London, England

White Plains, N.Y.
Columbus, U.,
1087 N. Dennison Ave.
Philadelphia, Pa.,
812 N. Broad St.
Harrisburg, Pa.

St. Louis, Mo.,
2808 Locust St.
Omaha, Neb,
Cor. Cass & 25th St.
North Conway, N. il
Buffalo, N. X.

Birmingham, Ala.

Hot Springs. Ark.

San Francisco, Oal.,

West Haven, Conn.

Washington: . O.,
211 N. Capitol’ Rt.

Dwight, Til.

Marton, Ind.
Lexington, Mass.
Portland, Me.
Grand Rapids, Mich.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

‘reigns supreme in the hardy border.

Hardy Garden Flowers No.9

————ooooooooooooeeaeaeaeaeaeaeaeaeaeaeaeae—e———
FOR untold centuries the Old World Columbine
has been a well-beloved favorite in every old-

During its time of bloom it
It has
double and even triple varieties and sometimes

fashioned garden.

ore will find four cornucopias, one inside the:

omer.

It isa singular fact that all foreign species have
short spurs with rounded horns. It is reserved for
the Western American species to show those ex-
traordinarily long, straight spurs which are the
wonder of the botanist and the joy of the gardener.
Of these, the best is the incomparable yellow
Columbine, Agwuilegia Chrysantha, with spurs
two inches long or more.

The most remarkable advance has lately been
made in hybrids of this species. They now range
from pure white through pink to the dark reds and
even—mirabile dictu—several shades of blue. We
want you to see for yourself what progress has
been made in these remarkable hybrids and the
lovely new white-flowered variety of that interest-
ing Japanese species A. Wlabellata. Why not try
the whole collection offered below:

A. CANADENSIS—Flowers scarlet and yellow. $2.00 per
dozen ; $15.00 per hundred.

A. CHRULEA — (Rocky Mountain Columbine) — Flowers
large, blueand white, with long spurs. $2.00 per dozen ;
$15.00 per hundred. : :

A. FLABELLATA—A pure white variety, with silvery
white foliage, $2.00 per dozen; $15.00 per hundred,

A. CHRYSANTHA— Flowers golden yeilow, long spurs.
$2.00 per dozen; $15 0o per hundrec. i

A, GLANDULOSA—Flowers a shade of blue and white, 10
inches high, extremely pretty: $2.50 per dozen; $18.00
per hundred, i

A. SKINNERI—Flowers scarlet with greenish tips ; $2.00
per dozen; $15.00 per hundred. q

A. VULGARIS—(C1d Fashioned Columbine) — Flowers
double and single, in all colors, $1.50 per dozen; $10.00
per hundred.

Plant your hardy garden this Fall. It will be
much more satisfactory, as the flowers will get an
earlier startin Spring before Spring planted stock
is established.

We grow hardy perennials exclusively, devoting
all our energy and thought to their culture. This
is why we have one of the finest collections in
America. Let us help you with your hardy garden
by suggesting selections and arrangements. Write,
anyway, for our beautiful Fall catalogue just from
the press.

J. B. KELLER SONS, Rochester, New York

sun, preventing the quick drying of the soil.
In some respects this was better than glass
as there was no danger of burning the plants
in case they were forgotten. On cloudy
days the cloth was raised. In this impro-
vised coldframe costing twenty cents I
started hundreds of plants.

Rhode Island. H. H. PEeppEr.

The Californian’s Reminder

(yo EOPER is the best month for planting

bulbs of all kinds for next spring’s
flowers, such as anemone, hyacinth, ixia,
narcissus, ranunculus, sparaxis, and tulips.
In planting any of these, it will be found
best to drop a little sharp sand in the hole
before filling in with soil. This method will
often prevent rot, in case the soil is kept
too wet.

It is also just the time to sow hardy annuals
and perennials for bedding plants, and for
propagating carnations by cuttings.

Transplant pansies and stocks to the
garden.

During October, vegetable growers should
be busy, planting: Beans, cabbage, cauli-
flower, carrot, lettuce, onions, parsnip, peas,
radish, spinach, and turnip.

Los Angeles. ERNEST BRAUNTON.

“Dwarf Fruit

Orange Judd Company, New York, 1906; pp. 125.
50 cents.

Trees.” By F. A. Waugh.

Price,

For the amateur who has a limited amount
of room and who wishes to make the best of
it he can undoubtedly get as much satisfac-
tion out of a few of these small trees as any
other form of gardening. This little book is
a complete manual on the art of growing
dwarf fruit trees. It fills a long-felt want
as the only other book in the English lan-
guage on the subject. Rivers’ ‘““The Minia-

ture Fruit Garden,” an English publication
which did not fully meet the conditions in
this country, is out of print. This book
should be in the hands of every amateur
gardener.

OcroBeEerR, 1906

$$ mi

SIGNATURE

ON ANY PACKAGE IS A
GUARANTEE AS TO PURITY,
QUALITY AND FLAVOR.

THERE ARE MANY COCOAS & CHOCOLATES,
BUT ;

COCOA axn CHOCOLATES

ARE ACKNOWLEDGED EVERYWHERE AS
BEING SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS ~

MADE IN THE SAME CAREFUL MANNER
AND AS

FRESH ~ PURE ~ DELICIOUS
AS

Ay liry WORLD FAMED CANDIES.
QUALITY & PRICE WITHIN THE REACH OF ALL.

YOUR GROCER CAN SUPPLY YOU.
INSIST ON GETTING IT.

Paeonies, Phlox and Dahlias

Named Varieties.

Aquilegia, Coreopsis, Lychnis, Boltonia
-and Achillea.
All Varieties of Ornamental Shrubs and Orna-

mentals. Fruits and Flowers. Wholesale and
Retail. Evergreens a Specialty.

Lowest Prices. Guaranteed True. Catalog Free.

CENTRAL MICHIGAN NURSERY

Kalamazoo, Michigan

Tf you understand Modern Methods and
FARM INTELLIGENTLY

Every reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
who is interested in farming or gardening, in
the growing of fruit or of flowers, is invited to
send for a free copy of our 80-page catalogue
and full information in regard to the Home
Study Courses in Agriculture, Horticulture,
Landscape Gardening and Floriculture which
we offer under Prof. Brooks of the Massa-
chusetts Agricultural College and Prof. Craig
of the Cornell University.

The Home Correspondence School
Dept. 8 SPRINGFIELD, MASS,

JOcroseR, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 147

Although there are hundreds of varieties of Tulips, comprising in-
numerable colors, shades and combinations of markings and all adapted
for garden planting, yet for brilliant bedding effects the solid brilliant
colors are usually preferred, especially for design bedding. For this
reason we give below a list of the varieties usually chosen for such
purposes, that can be sold sufficiently low to enable them to be used in

quantity.
SINGLE RED TULIPS

Cia)
so
8

Artus. 2D Bright red, fine flower; dwarf .

Belle Alliance. 2M. Scarlet

Crimson King. 2M. Crimson

Pottebakker, Scarlet. 1M.

Cramoise Brilliant. 2M. Vermilion Scarlet
SINGLE PINK TULIPS

Cottage Maid. 2M. Carmine-pink, white feather

Rosa Mundi Hzyckman. 2M. Pink and White

Rose Gris de Lin. 2M. Rose-pink and blush
SINGLE YELLOW TULIPS

Canary Bird. 1M.

Chrysolora. 2M.

Mon Tresor. iM.

Pottebakker, Yellow. 1M. Yellow, faintly veined red

Yellow Prince. 2M. Yellow, largeand showy
SINGLE WHITE TULIPS

isivioit
BSA F
gs
wR
VWwWWG +
SAM

Waeee
AA
ek jek ek,

tee ee ete
SAMA
bh OS tae jad

o \ ie eae =e g La Reine (Queen Victoria). 2M. Whiteandblush . .... . 20 1.25
The Greenhouse (Question . zs F ¥ L’Immaculee. 2M. Purewhite . . 20 1.25
" & Pottebakker, White. 1M. Large white 35 2.00
d h in t | if a es 5 SINGLE VARIOUS-COLORED TULIPS
an at ur La d 0g S ~ \ Duchesse de Parma. 2T. Reddish orange, large flower . 20 1.25
is | h dl b » \ Keiserskroon. Gite Oy edged yellow Fe ne
W = | » eS ae Wouverman. 2M. ueish Claret cep P25)
e believe that a he y/ IPM OXe . DOUBLE VARIETIES
of Garden Magazine readers are Alba Maxima. 1D. Fine early double white 25 1.50
% - \ Gloria Solis. 1M. Golden with crimsoncenter . 20 1.75
planning to some day have a green- | g Imperator Rubrorum. iM. Large eaily double scarlet . . .50 3.50
E i ll h 55 | Q ue Candeun aM cue hite at eet ee Hay
—— = E urillo. 1) ush shaded rose A) By
ouse all their own not neces : Rex se oteaitedd Mo ACO Seal ; er aD Zl
= ; = F Tourneso ed anc ellow. 1D carlet, withyellow tips . .35 2.5
sarily an elaborate affair with Z Tour aHoCole Yellow. :D. Yellow, shaded Sues nig oO 83055
= s following th s ind li flow: No. x being th liest ;
numerous compartments, requiring No. we eine. The Rene oe TEaeE An noes mec ain Bee oaypar ss fall
a gardener, etc., but a compact, ‘ epee BONS 9 each way+or about 36 bulbs to the Bee yard—is a suituble distance for

attractive, “right near the house”’
garden of glass, where you can

REMEMBER, BODDINGTON’S BULBS BLOOM!

while away many delightful hours, | Our distinctive, instructive and suggestive Fall Bulb Catalogue, containing a most

comprehensive collection of Fall Bulbs with full descriptions and “cultural directions, and
illustrated with nearly roo full page and other photo-engravings from life, mailed free if
you mention this advertisement.

bringing their reward in unmatched
flowers and adding those delicious |
“home grown’ vegetables to your |.

table. | ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman,

For such as these we have pre- | | 342 WEST 14th STREET, NEW YORK CITY.
pared a catalog that shows forth in

a really interesting way just what
i the U-Bar is, why ‘it makes the eee

! lightest, cheeriest, most attractive _ Select Bulbs for Fall Planting : H A R D Y lag LI E S

and enduring house. We _ have

| illustrated it freely, and one of the ES a | @We offer for immediate delivery the largest and

best of printers has printed it, and | choicest collection of hardy lilies in the United

| now it’s done in book form, ready || [eee | States and our handsomely illustrated Bulb Cata- |
| for you, and mailed at your request. ? ae © /f logue for 1906.
PIERSON U-BAR COMPANY | of. : 4 Mailed free on application

! Bemener: and. Builders ne : W. W. Rawson & Co., Boston, Mass.

i U-BAR GREENHOUSES : UNION ST. BOSTON MASS. Note our new address 5 UNION STREETS

t Metropolitan Building, 4th Ave. and 23rd St. ‘

NEW YORK

EVERYTHING FOR THE HARDY GARDEN
Plant now FOR A MASS OF BLOOM
NEXT SPRING AND SUMMER

Our catalogue tells what you wish to know.
We have a fine stock of all the best Phlox, Larkspurs, Foxglove, |
Iris, Peonies and Hollyhocks.

EASTERN NURSERIES

M. M. Dawson, Manager Jamaica Plain,

Mass.

148 THE GAR DEN WEAGAZ UNE OcTOBER, 1906

SNS

Book on House- — at / _ Book on House-
hold health sent hold Health sent

free, if you men- Should Be free, if you men-

tion the name of _ tion the name of

wey Plumber. TO BE SAFE | your Plumber.

A closet should be first be 2 ) : :
of all, free from the odors caused Le 5 Purchasers’ Guide to Barberries
by imperfect cleansing, or shallow j A
water seal, permitting escape of sewer gas.
It should be of perfect construction, and not

(The species are described on pages 122 to 124 in about
the order in which they are numbered below).

of material subject to rust, corrosion, under- | = ey eats ae ioh
surface discoloration, or cracked and chipped iat 3 (Cole Os es eee
surface enamel, such as porcelain enameled iron. (Co AES SENSE Steyghy UF :
ao . (a SesonopdueD es s0445¢ 1. Thunbergi
If your closet shows any one of the faults mentioned, z i = CC. Fruits many in a cluster (usu-
youare exposed toa direct and dangerous menace to health. : ally a dozen)
If examination or past experience shows your closet to ke : ee D. Flowers in pendulous ra-
defective, replace it with the perfect sanitation embodied in ee : COMES.) ee eee 2. vulgaris
DD. Flowers in upright or nod-
dinparacemes see eee 3. Amurensis
CCC. Fruits few in a cluster ..... 4. Canadensis

BB. Color of fruits dark, dull red
C. Branches arching: bark
brown: fl. clusters pen-

dulous:\32 Se aoe een 5. Sinensis
| CC. Branches upright: bark gray:
TRADE MARK a | fl. clusters upright ...... 6. emarginata

BBB. Color of fruits purplish red .. 7. Sibirica
BBBB. Color of fruits yellow, violet,
black or purplish black. 8. vulgaris, var.
lutea, viola-

ea, nigra and
The Closet of Healthy [| av mccccmwsoaternem

in B. ilictfolia and Neu-

Unlike the ordinary closet, the ‘‘Sy-C1Lo’’ has a double cleansing ] : bert)
action, a combination of flush from above and a powerful pump like pul/ to B. Leaves, compound! (eachi leat
from below. The downward rush of water creates a vacuum into which an Somes) OF Several! lez
the entire contents of the bowl is drawn with irresistible syphonic force. a lets): fruits blue (bluish

2 black in B. Faponica)

The material of the Sy-C1o Closet is heavy white chzva, hand moulded a C. Stalk of whole leaf long and
into a single piece without joint or seam; its surface cannot chip off nor Te prominent :
crack, and is unaffected by acid, water or wear. D. Height 3-6 ft.: leaflets 5-9 9. Aquifolium

The name ‘‘Sy-C1Lo”’ on a closet guarantees that it is made under the DD. Height 3 foot it 0 deemeaemccne
; ; me 5 er. CC. Stalk of whele leaf short
direction and supervision of the Potteries Selling Company, of the best\ at aloe
materials, and with the aid of the best D. Height «toifesilics germs Japonica
engineering skill, and has the united TI SEIS IER RES DD. ee a ft “ifts ae : oe ores
endorsement of eighteen of the leading fe) é neg 28 Ee Sega
9 5 al ; BB. Leaves simple,7. e. not com-
potteries of America. . oe om

d
Booklet on ‘‘Household Health” sent Ween

. : C. Margin of leaves, coarsely
free, if you mention the name of your toothed and spiny

plumber. : ) a D. Color of fruits red ....... 13. Neuberti

Lavatories of every design made of *« [ | fee DD. Colcr of fruits dark purple

the same material as the Sy-CLo Closets. / : E. Height 4-5 ft.: lvs. 14 in.
long 2a eee eee 14. ilicifolia

POTTERIES SELLING COMPANY, EE. Height 1-3 ft.: lvs. 3-1 in.
Trenton, N. J. long «ee eee eee 15. Darwini

CC. Margin of lvs. entire (rarely
with a few spiny teeth)
D. Lys. about as wide as box.16. buxifolia
DD. Lys. extremely narrow....17. Stenophylla

|
|
|
Faded

THE CULTURE OF BARBERRIES

FRANK NORRIS’S The evergreen kinds are best planted in

BOOKS spring, but the deciduous sorts may be
The Responsibilities of the Novelist. Net, planted with equal advantage in either fall or
$1.25. Postage, 12 cents spring.
A Deal in Wheat. $1.50 Nearly all the species of barberries are
The Pit. $1.50 easily raised from seed. Sow as soon as ripe,
The Octopus. $1.50 in ‘flats,’ or broadcast in beds of light,
A Man’s Woman. $1.50 sandy soil. Seeds will germinate freely the
McTeague. $1.50 next year.
Blix. $1.25 None of the barberries, to my knowledge,
Moran of the Lady Letty. $1.co will strike from hardwood cuttings, but cut-
Published! by, tings of the green wood, taken in the summer
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY time, and placed in five or six inches of sand

The Incomplete
Amorist

The story of Eustace Vernon, master
of the art of painting and of another
art, and how he played with fire once

too often.
By “E. NESBIT.”

Illustrated by Underwood, $1.50.

Court, Lum Tue Wor.p's Work Tue GARDER-
TH AMEAICA GAZINE

FARMING MA

DouBLEDAY. PAGE &Co. NEw Yor«.

|
|

'QcroserR, 1906

<° LET ME PLACE

A
quer bp;
¥ Piano g
IN YOUR HOME
ON

===) 30 Days’ Free Trial
ey In Advance

Let me show you at sy own expense how sweet-
toned, well-built and attractive are Lindenberg Pianos.
I have placed ‘‘ Lindenberg ’’ Pianos in some of ¢he
best homes in every part of the United States and can
possibly refer you to some satisfied customer near your

own home.

All our pianos are sold at the “(factory price,” which
means @ saving to you of from $50. to $100. over the
usual method of buying.

My Plan of Sale

offers you thirty days’ free trial in your own home.
I prepay the freight east of the Mississippi River and
place the pianoin your home without any expense to
you. If youare satisfied after the trial, you can pay

A Little Down and a Little Each Month

having the use of the piano while paying for it to suit
your convenience. I am making a
Special Introductory Offer

4 which I will explain fully if you will write me for our
book, ‘‘ Piano Wisdom.’’ ‘This contains information
important to every prospective purchaser of a piano,
Write for it to-day—it is free. Address

PAUL LINDENBERG, Mer.
_ The Columbus Piano Company, Makers of Pianos
488 North High St., Columbus, Ohio.

KILL PLANT BUGS and DOG FLEAS

with Lemon Oil Insecticide. No odor, no poison—advantages
over Fish oil or Tobacco products. Used everywhere. If not sold
by your seedsman, write WEATHERBY BROS., Baltimore,
Md., for full information.

AUTUMN BULBS

For Spring Flowers

We import large quantities of the finest Dutch bulbs for autumn
planting—the best the world produces.

TULIPS, HYACINTHS and NARCISSUS

And other bulbs in great variety and unexcelled quality for both

outdoor and indoor planting. Your garden and conservatory are not |

complete without them. You will miss one of the greatest pleasures
of the Fall if you fail to grow bulbs indoors for Christmas and Easter
flowering.

See Our New Autumn Catalogue.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

Nurserymen and Florists, RUTHERFORD, N.J.

mn a
DryingStu

53,00 00004t—C

Studebaker
Manufacturing Policies—II
LUMBER

This carriage plant could be run for six years without
buying another stick of lumber. This means that in Studebaker
vehicles not an inch of wood is used until it has reached its perfect
Seasoning. Perfect seasoning means air-drying, many woods requiring
at least five years to mature.

Most manufacturers, unwilling to tie up capital, buy their lumber from
Season to season, kiln-dry it and use it atonce. Yet every wood worker knows
that the kiln has yet to be invented which can take the sap from wood without
taking its vitality too.

The Studebaker yards, of slowly seasoning wood, representing millions of tied-up
capital, is the most vivid illustration possible of this firm’s determination to produce
vehicles of reliability and quality.

STUDEBAKER MATERIALS ARE SOUND
The Studebaker Cabriolet

The Cabriolet is the favorite conveyance for Autumn
driving both in city and country. It is the present
day adaptation of the late English Queen’s Geote
carriage—the Victoria-Phaeton. The Cabriolet
however reveals a great advance in artistic and
practical design over its predecessor. Distinct
from the finished elegance of the Studebaker
Cabriolet, is to be noted its luxurious riding
qualities, arising from the scientific balancing of

the carriage body upon a superb set of springs.

Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co.

Factory and Executive Offices, South Bend, Ind.

REPOSITORIES
NEw York C1Ty—Studebaker Bros. Co. of New
York, Broadway and 48th St.
CHICAGO, ILL.—Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co.,
88 Wabash Ave. -
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.—Studebaker Bros. Co. of California, Market and toth Sts.
KANSAS CITY, MO.—Studebaker Lros. Mfg. Co., 13th and Hickory Sts.
PORTLAND, ORE.—Studebaker Bros. Co. Northwest, 330-336 E. Morrison St.
SALT LAKE CiTy, UTAH—Studebaker Bros. Co. of Utah, rs
DENVER, COLO.—Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co., r I

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years

to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an

immediate effect. Fall Price List Now Ready.

ANDORRA NURSERIES bariavere

WM. WARNER HARPER, PROPRIETOR

LL
PA.

150 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Lilium Candidum—Madonna Lily

The finest HARDY Lily grown must be planted N O W in open ground.

Flowers in June, pure white, with golden stamen, 5—20 flowers to the
stem, Grow anywhere.

Each postpaid Dozen Hundred
rst Size $ .10 $ .85 $5.00
Extra Large Bulbs ys 1.00 6.50
Mammoth Bulbs 20 1.50 8.00

Dozen and hundred at buyer’s expense by express.

For Xmas Flowers in the house.
Lilium Harrisii, the white Trumpet Lily,

must be planted now in pots.
Hundred $6.00.

Tine Bulbs each postpaid, 1octs. Dozen $1.00.

By express, buyer’s expense.

See September ‘“‘ Gardening ” for our $1.00
Triumph Collection.

Send for our 2Sth Aanual Fall Catalogue, giving full list of
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, Iris,
Peonies, ete., with cultural directions.

We aim to keep our customers by sending only the BEST.

Address HH. H. BERGER & CO.
New York

47 Barclay Street,

Is Your Land Sour? Does It Yield Poorly?

If so, lime it this Fall with |

R-RIAGRIQUME

and watch the increase of crops next year.

ROCKLAND- ROCKPORT LIME Co

24 Milk Street, Boston Rockland, Me.

If your dealer does not carry it, write us.

5 LU Ge Solr

USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 23 YEARS |
Soldiby “Sced Dealers zor America. |

Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers, Trees and Shrubs
from Insects. Put up in popular packages at popular prices. Write for free pamphlet
on Bugs and Blights, etc., to

B. HAMMOND, Fishkill-on-Hudson,

New York.

\WNS AND-THEIR CARE
; ‘Every lover of beautiful Lawns should send fot
_thisinteresting andinstructive little book called

““Lawns—T heir Maki::g and Their Care.”

Valuable information compiled from Govern-

Sheep Manure for the Greenhouse
TO ENRICH WORN OUT BEDS.

The best natural fertilizer, free from straw,

and perfectly clean:

he ideal material for making manure water, it isso easily soluble. |
Anes cea is a top dressing for exhausted bedsand benches. Mix | | _ mentand expert gardening sources, also interest-
some with your compost heap fora rich, mellow potting soil next ing information about the new Seamless Tube |
spring. rolbs.) . . $0135 roolbs. . . $1.50 peclexee Brand Lawn Hose ‘ nel sie Cnelosis
ej OF te. ides) Perton . . 25.00 THE TOLEDO RUBBER C

Cairnsmuir Farm. 417 Summit St. Toledo, Ohio

NEW CITY, Rockland County, N.Y.

ies

Order now our hardy, tie. Base
California Privet — anything in
Millions of plants and trees ready. Handsome catalogue

Fall Bene -time is here.

z2 Peach, Apple Trees, Berry Bushes, Roses,
the nursery line.

| them healthy and shapely.
time a little thinning out of old wood, or

| species.

_better growth of roots.

contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart.

It’s free. Send now for it.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box N., MOORESTOWN. N. J.

eerste esta ees ts ets SnIS Eset at SERRE SSESSSSonSSNTIESSSESOCSSnSnETCRTSSNTNOOS

OcroBenr, 1906

on the top of a hotbed, and shaded from the
sun by cotton screens placed three or four feet
above the frames, and the frames kept close,
will root freely. This method of propagation,
however, is necessary only in the case of dis-
tinct varieties, which it is desirable to per-
petuate without variation. A large percent-
age of the purple barberry comes true from
seed, and it can be raised more cheaply from
seed than from cuttings.

Barberries require but little pruning to keep
In the winter

spindly and congested branches, and the
shortening back of any branches. that may
have extended too far beyond the general
symmetry of the bushes, is all that is neces-
sary.

With recent discoveries in China there are
considerably over one hundred known
Many of them are tender, however,
and will not endure our winters.

New York. Joun DuNBAR.

Making Leaf Mold

Wiss the foliage is falling, late in
September or early in October,
is the best time to lay in a stock of next year’s
leafmold. Leafmold added to the potting
soil makes it much more friable, increases
its water-holding capacity, eases the cir-
culation of air through it, and induces a
It has no actual
fertilizing value. In raising from seed such
plants as cyclamens, cinerarias, Chinese
primroses, and begonias, it is a necessity.

If there is no hard wood timber land
nearby, where you can get clean leaves, then
rake up the leaves which have fallen in the
street. Maple leaves are best, but those of the
elm and the oak will do. Last fall I made
an arrangement with the city employees who
were cleaning the streets, to dump in my
backyard all the leaves they wished to. In
this way and at no cost I got enough to make
a two years’ supply of leafmold.

In the winter, use the leaves for banking
up coldframes and pits, to keep out the frost.
In the spring, when the pits are empty, I
throw all the leaves into a pit, wet them
thoroughly, and allow them to rot. By
fall they are in good condition to use. If
this way of rotting them is followed, you
will probably need to wet them several
times during the summer. Another good
way to handle the leaves is to dig as large a
hole in the ground as you can fill with leaves.
Pack the leaves in as tightly as possible,
wetting them as they are being thrown in.

If neither of these ways can be followed,
the leaves can be put in a heap on the ground,
thoroughly moistened, and tramped down.
When treated thus, it will be necessary to
water them oftener, because the pile pre-
sents more surface from which the mois-
ture can evaporate. Turn the heap of leaves
occasionally, and in two years the leafmold
will be in usable condition.

Never bury leaves in your garden where
you intend to grow plants next year. The
heat caused by the fermentation will injure
the roots of the growing plants.

New York. PHINEAS NOLTE.

Ate aan cane tbiniaaa we

|
|
|
| Ocroser, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 151
|

Wax Your Furniture
ion Johnson’s Prepared Wax

*°A Complete Finish and Polish for All Wood’’

You apply our wax with cloth to varnished,
_ shellacked or any finished or unfinished wood and
: LAs - on with dry cloth. Write for our new 48-
This \\ i See page book ‘‘The Proper Treatment for Floors,

a \ Woodwork and Furniture.” This is our reg-
s\ular 25-cent edition, but we send it FREE
\} for a limited time. It tells how to keep

FREE \ =e —s-your furniture and all wood in Ce
\ ae beautiful condition. -Don't

wait—write to-day. Sent complimen-
tary by the manufacturers of

Johnson’s
Prepared Wax

“A Complete Finish and Polish for All Wood”
For Furniture, Woodwork and Floors

It produces a beautiful, lasting and sanitary finish
and polish to which dirt and dust will not adhere. |
It will not show scratches, blister, peel off or“ @&
crack. It cleans, polishes and preserves the Wood — “sie Fenture wih sonmons resort u
and brings out its natural beauty. Fine for Relea dled Ee
leather. Johnson’s Prepared Wax is sold by all dealers in paint—
Universal size 1 1-2 0z., 10c; Household size 4 0z., 25c; 1 and 2 |b.
cans, 60c per pound; 4, 5 and 8 lb. cans, 50c per pound. Write for
above book. Reompber it is our regular 25c edition sent FREE for
limited time. Mention edition GM10.

S. C. JOHNSON & SON, — Racine, Wis.

“The Wood-Finishing Authorities”

Le xt
or? co
proves of Ss eure

7

152 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OctToBER, 1906

[2 Best Tulips
[2 Best Hyacinths
12 Best Daffodils
12 Best Crocuses

MONG many hundreds of varieties of these beautiful flowering bulbs (all having some merit), the amateur is lost

in bewildering confusion when he attempts to select the few really Vest kinds for the home gardener.
Therefore we have made the following selections of twelves. No need for you to pore over pages and pages of the
stereotyped catalogue descriptions. ‘Take our selections and our assurance that you are getting the most desirable,
selected by an expert. { Our bulbs are selected, first size, and are of the very finest quality imported.

DWELVE BEST VARTETIES OF | TWELVE BEST VARILETIES OF

TULIPS ee Ee NARCISSUS eee Satan

Belle Alliance, fiery scarlet. . $0.50 $3.00 Poeticus, single white . $0.20 $1. 00
Canary Bird, bright yellow : ; 30 2.00 Emperor, single yellow trumpet : . 1,00 7.00
Cottage Maid, whited-edged rose . a 30 2.00 Empre "single yellow and white. pel O00) 7.00
Duchess de Parma, red and yellow . : 30 Lei: Golden Spur, single yellow trumpet . ; .90 6.00

Joost van Vondel, cherry red . 30 2,00 Henry Irving, frilled yellow trumpet 5 .90 6.00
Keizerskroon, deep crimson, yellow ‘border .30 2.00 Horsfeldii, very large, pure white’. 5 -90 6.00
La Reine, white, tinted rose. ; 25 1.75 | Sir Watkin, light yellow, large j B -90 6.00
L’Immaculee, pure white, yellow b: ise Z -20 1.50 Single Jonquil, single yellow 5 5 Ail AG)
Proserpine, rich, silky rose : 4 0 ray) 3.50 Van Sion, double yellow (Daffodil) . : 50 3.00
Rembrandt, rich crimson z f 30 2.50 Paper White, single white clusters . p 40 2.00
Rose Luisanthe, extra large, rose ¢ olor 5 60 4.00 Soliel d’Or, single yellow clusters. i fo 3.00
Thomas Moore, orange, sweet scented ; 335. 2.50 Orange Phoenix, double orange and white . 3.00
1 each above 12 varieties, 50c.; 12 each | 1 each above 12 varieties, 75c.; 12 each
above 12 varieties, 144 bulbs, $4.00. above 12 varieties, 144 bulbs, $6.00.
TWELVE BEST VARIETIES OF CROCUS
HYACINTHS DOT 00 In the 12 Best Named Varieties
Gertrude, rosy pink : - $1.00 $8.00 | 20c. per doz. 80c, per 100 $6.00 per 1000
Moreno, dark pink : ; : . 1.00 8.00 : a

Rosea Maxima, clear rose 1.50 10,00 ‘ a
Roi des Belges, bright red 1.25 9,00 A Few Specialties
Blanchard, pure white . 1.00 8.00 ioe 100
L’Innocence, pure white, large bells 1.50 10.00 | ¢ aoe iy ES CNIS
Baroness van Thuyll, snow white 1.25 9.00 Choe grees, siuele : ‘ : : eae rie
Voltaire, clear, waxy white 1.00 8.00 Rreesia Jumbolbulbs ® : y g 50 3°00
Grand Maitre, ultramarine blue ny Benn Lilium Candidum, mammoth . 3 . 1.50 10.00
Queen of the Blues, porcelain blue 1.25 9.00 Roman Hyacinths, mammoth 5 5.00
Lord Derby, light porcelain blue 1.25 9.00 0 . 9

King of the Blues, rich, dark blue "3

00 8,00 | We import a complete variety of ail flow=

1 each above 12 varieties $1. 50; 12 each
above 12 varieties, 144 bulbs in all, $12.50. | ¢timg bulbs. Before ordering your Fall

Hyacinths in the best mixed under color: supply, send for our illustrated bul cat=
per doz., 75c.; per 100, $5.00. alogue, mailed on request.

STUMPP & WALTER CO.

50 Barclay Street, New York City

Time is the True Test

of durability in a high-speed machine like the cream separator. No other machine a farmer
uses has harder use. Run twice every day, winter and summer, it must not only do
thorough work, but to be permanently profitable, it muust be durable,

U S CREAM

® e SEPARATORS

are built for long service. A solid, low frame encloses entirely all the op-
erating parts, protecting them from dirt and danger of injury. The parts
are few, simple and easy to get at. Ball bearings at high speed points, com-

bined with automatic oiling reduce wear as well as insure the easiest operation.
Such careful and thorough construction is what enables the U. S. to better

STAND THE TEST

than any other separator. You dont have to buy a new one every year or two.
And remember: the U. S. does the cleanest skimming all the time.

Look into this. Write today for a copy cf our handsome, new separator catalogue.
Ask for number 71. It is finely illustrated and tells all enone the U.S. Address

Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt.

PROMPT DELIVERY FROM 18 DISTRIBUTING WAREHOUSES

The Fall Care of Lawns

EPTEMBER is the time in which to do
the most effectual and lasting work on
the lawn. The past summer has been un-
usually favorable to the growth of grass.
In spite of this there is an abundance of crab
grass. This is the most pestiferous weed
that ever grew on a lawn. Besides this
there are plantains, dandelions, docks, and
many creeping weeds that mar the beauty
of the sward.
The only method of destroying the deep
rooting weeds, such as the dandelion and
dock, is to dig them up with a weeding gouge

| or spud, taking care to go deep so that the

plant may have no chance to grow again.

| This work is simple, requiring only time

and patience. Crab grass, the worst enemy
of the lawn, presents a more difficult problem
as it is an annual—the plant makes its growth,
matures its seed, and dies all in one season.
Therefore if the seeds are not destroyed
before they ripen a new crop will be already
sown for next season. The seeds germi-
nate during the warm days of June, and
by August the plant may be found in greater
or less quantity on almost every lawn, its
broad, pale green leaves making it very con-
spicuous. Toward the end of August its
long stems, creeping closely to the ground,
have crowded out and to a large extent killed
the good grass. At the first approach of
cold the crab grass assumes a bronze color,
darkening as ‘the cold increases until the
first frosts, when it is killed, leaving unsightly
brown patches upon the lawn.

There is only one method of eradication,
and it is expensive and laborious. When
the grass has thrown out its creeping stalks
they must be pulled to the surface with-a
sharp-toothed rake and followed with the
lawn-mower, the knives of which must be
set as close to the ground as possible so as
to cut off the flower heads. It is useless
to cut the grass closely unless the stems have
been previously raked to the surface, for the
mower will simply remove the leaves and
cause the stalks bearing the seed to grow
and root still closer to the ground.

The weather immediately succeeding the
season in which crab grass dies is the most
favorable of the year for the growth of lawn

| grasses, so that however badly a lawn may

have been devasted by weeds, if properly
cared for, the good grass may be completely
restored before frost. Don’t be afraid now
to dig deep for dock, dandelions, the small
roots of the plantain, or to tear up any creep-
ing weed.

It is needless to say that the tearing out
of weeds, particularly crab grass, leaves
many bare patches. These must receive
immediate attention. Stir the soil with a
digging fork or similar implement and sow
the seed. This will germinate quickly and
soon cover the bare spots, and will make
sufficient growth to live over winter.

If these suggestions have been followed
the condition of the lawn toward the end of
October will be better than at any season of
the year. It is better to clear out the weeds
in the fall rather than in the spring as we
are liable to get continued spells of hot, dry

OcroseER, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 153

BARR’S

“GOLD MEDAL”

DAFFODILS

DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS

Barr’s Daffodils have been awarded Seventeen
Gold Medals, besides many First Class Certifi-
cates, etc., by the Royal Horticultural Society,
London, and other societies. Many acres of land
at Barr’s Nurseries, Surbiton, Surrey, England,
are devoted to the special culture of Daffodils,
Darwin and Cottage Garden Tulips, Ponies,
Irises, and various other hardy plants.

Collections of Daffodils, supplied September to November, from - - - $4.00 to $100
Collections of Darwin and Cottage Garden Tulips supplied Sept. to Nov.,from $2.50 to $25

Send for Illustrated Catalogue. Free on Application.

BARR & SONS, J1, 12 & 13 King St., Covent Garden, London

Special Offer

I want my new cafalogue
of beautiful pictures in color c
to get into every home, and | _-&
to give you an idea of the |
high character of my line of
oil and water color pictures— -
suitable for every purpose [framing, oil and watercolor painting and china decoration]—I will
send to any address for only 38 cents, the three lovely pictures shown in this adv’t—Violets by Mary E. Hart, Roses by Paul de Longpré, and tug of war
(Kittens and Puppies) each 10 x 35 inches. Any two for 25 cents. These three studies alone sell for $1.50. My new 36 page catalogue illustrates hundreds

of subjects and will be sent anywhere on request, Send now. All orders filled same day as received. W. A. OERTEL, Art Publisher, P, O. Box 69, Branch O, New York

Japanese Barberry

Berberis Thunbersgi attains a
height of from four to five feet ;_is thoroughly
hardy and a vigorous growing shrub, need-
ing little or no care. It has bright green
foilage which in the Autumn ene

ful hues of crimson, orange, and bronze.
Pe ae NOE an se After losing its yellow flowers in May, the

land and sell the finest stock that can be produced. Our .@* . branches become hung with abundant bright
specialty zs quality. For fall planting we offer you the :

OUR NAME

| : scarlet berries, exceedingly showy during
BEST BULBS ed the dullest months of the year. The thorny

for every Th £ the first quality only, grow - a
Bein pent are, under the most favorable conditions, and nee ' 7 branches make a beautiful and impenetrable

ill d fl ind this winter or outdoors next ave an experienced de- F f 4 :
spring that will be a source of the greatest pleasure to you. signer help you determine O WMO ET. Mi hedge, Bree graceful planted on top of
how to produce the best land- POS? Ss a terrace slope.

QUALITY TULIPS, HYACINTHS, ks Us raies your home| nm . ; ; Ke " aie Sa
DAFFODILS, CROCUS, | grounds. By adopting proper ah a Price, 3 ft. bushy specimens, $5.00 per 5

methodsof proceeding withim- / ie $35.00 per 100

and all other flowering bulbs are found listed in our new Au-

tumn Catalogue. You will find thisa simple, nicely arranged provements, the results generally prove fe f ‘ome No orders for less than six plants of one variety at the dozen rate,
catalogue for easy reference with beautitul half tone illustra- more satisfactory and less expensive nor less than fifty at the hundred rate.

tions. Send for a copy. inthe end. We have 112 acres of <

SCHLEGEL & FOTTLER COMPANY choice nursery stock grown especially } , COTTAGE GARDENS COMPANY

for immediate landscape effects. a Queens, Long Island, N. Y-

BOSTON, MASS. Send for Catalogue

104 . THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OcTroBER, 1906

PEONIES

“q Little Hook About Roses”
“Che JOconp Wlue Wook”

Are far and-away ahead of anything of
their kind yet published. They tell in
minute detail how to most successfully cul-
tivate these flowers, and tell honestly

for Fall
Planting

c=)
—)

of the respective merits of the choicest -Hyacinths
varieties in cultivation to-day. Lilies Crocus

They embody the results of fourteen Daffodils
years of enthusiastic experience. They Tulips Iris Snowdrops
are also gems of the printer’s art. Both

Vick Quality Bulbs and Plants give satisfaction
in the house or garden. Whether amateur, florist
or gardener, you really need a copy of
Vick’s Garden & Floral Guide, for Autumn
Handsome illustrations. Valuable information.
Interesting descriptions. It’s free; ask for it.
JAMES VICK’S SONS
362 Main St. E. Rochester, N. Y.

will be mailed on receipt of ten cents
in coin or stamps —a nominal charge to
| insure appreciation.

G. TH PETERSON

ROSE AND PEONY SPECIALIST

FAIR LAWN, N. J.

Fallen Leaves

can be gathered more quickly, easily and thoroughly, and in
less time, with the “Apollo”? Sweeper than with rake and
basket, or by any other method. They will come in very handy
for covering flower beds, tender roots, etc. Used as bedding for horses
and stock they will soon save you more than the cost of the Sweeper.

dhe “APOLLO” SWEEPER

is the ideal machine for sweeping Lawns, Porches, Sidewalks,

Pavements, Barn Floors, Factories, Warehouses, etc.

: If your dealer can’t supply you, write us, and we will ship an “Apollo”
Sweeper on ro days approval. Write for our Free Booklet, illustrating

and describing the various sizes we manufacture.

34 Sycamore St., SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. (Good Canvassers Wanted.)

THE GREENE MFG. CO.,

READERS OF THIS MAGAZINE

are invited to visit our library salesroom
to examine our books and magazines.

We shall be especially pleased to show you the new

and enlarged edition of

The Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, in six
volumes.

The Nature Library, in ten large octavo volumes.

The Gallery of Masterpieces, fifty beautiful photo-
mezzotints.

The Home Library of Law, six handy little books.

The Little Nature Library, seven dainty illustrated
volumes.

Bound Volumes and Files of Our Magazines, ‘‘TyrE
Wor pb’s Work,’ ‘COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA,”’
“THe GARDEN MAGAZINE” and “‘FARMING.”

133-137 Easr 16TH StT., BET. IRVING PLACE AND 3D AVENUE
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Publishers

weather at almost any time after May rsth.
During such weather the grass grows very little
and is often burned out completely. This
leaves a free field for the crab grass, some-
times called a “‘summer grass,” which flour-
ishes under just these conditions. Crab grass
and in fact any lawn weed grows less freely
if the ground is already occupied by good
grass. And the surest way to get a good
thick sward in the spring is to be sure that
it is formed during the fall.

A fall sown lawn has a much better chance
of succeeding than one sown in the spring.
Lime is a very good fertilizer for grass. The
reason that there is a blue grass region in
Kentucky is because it is also a limestone
region. The best method of procuring lime
for use on the lawn is to purchase from a
local dealer in the spring a sufficient quantity
of new lime. This should be placed in the
cellar of the dwelling in barrels which should
be only half filled or partly fill some boxes. As
the lime absorbs moisture from the air it
will help to keep the cellar dry during the
summer, and by fall the lime will become
thoroughly slacked. Apply this air-slacked
lime to the lawn, any time after the ground
has frozen, at the rate of one bushel to each
thousand square feet of lawn, or at the rate
of forty bushels to the acre. Lime sweetens
soil, and if it is applied each year will rid the
lawn of many plants that thrive in sour soil,
such as moss and sorrel. It is not advisable
to top-dress a lawn with any kind of stable
manure, they all contain weed seeds. Bone
meal is just as cheap and more lasting.

New Jersey. Weekes:

The Whole Story of Bulb Culture
in a Few Words

pe A rule bulbs prefer a light, well
drained, moderately rich soil, a
winter mulch, an annual top dressing of
manure during the growing season and no
manure at all at planting time. Fresh man-
ure must never be used in bulb beds and
even well decomposed manure must be six
inches below the bulbs or it will burn the
roots. If your soil is not rich enough manure
it heavily and grow other plants in it for a
year before you plant the bulbs. All perma-
nent bulb beds should be fed annually. A
good way is to buy a complete fertilizer.
This avoids unpleasant sights and smells.

Dig your bulb beds at least fourteen inches
deep. If the soil is heavy, throw it out and
replace with good soil, or put a layer of stones
at the bottom for drainage. If there is stag-
nant water at the base of a bulb the roots
are likely to rot off. Therefore, the safest
way is to put a handful of sand or fine coal
ashes under each one.

The easiest way to plant bulbs best is
with a dibble, which is not objectionable
when the soil is in perfect condition. Another
way is to make a marker by driving nails
into a board to which a long handle is at-
tached. By this device you can insure mathe-
matical accuracy in depths and distances.
The wholesale way to do it is to excavate
the bed to the desired depth, prepare a per-
fectly smooth floor, mark and plant. The
rule is to cover bulbs one and one-half times

OcrosBer, 1906 DAE +G AR DEIN? MAGA ZIEN © 109

PEONIES

SHOULD BE PLANTED NOW

Fall is the best time to plant them. ‘The earlier it is done the better —the more

certain you will be of having a good display of flowers next spring.

There is no other plant that will give such an attractive appearance to the home
grounds, nor one that will supply such an abundance of, or more desirable flowers for
cutting. Once they are planted they practically take care of themselves, and are no

trouble. They can be massed in solid beds, planted singly, and are also well
adapted for planting in borders.

These grand plants are one of our leading specialties and we grow the
choicest sorts in large quantities. We also have a very complete line of other
choice, hardy plants and shrubs that should be planted in the fall for best
results.

Remember, if you want plenty of flowers and good effects next spring you must
do your planting now.

Write for our Catalog of Peonies and all the choice, hardy plants, shrubs and bulbs for
fall planting. With each copy of our Catalog we send free a copy of “ Plants and Plans for
Beautiful Surroundings”— a book full of valuable information, illustrations of flowers and beau-
tiful lawns.

Wagner Park Conservatories, Sidney, Ohio

inc
TWO QUESTIONS TO SETTLE

‘There are just two questions to settle about having a greenhouse—
—THE KIND YOU WANT—
Cm Ee NE VOU: WANT eter

Get the New, Free
BEE BOOK

Such a handsome cover in gray and lemon yellow! Here’s a half-tone
cut of it. The inside matter is absorbingly interesting from the hive on
title page to the commutation ticket on page thirty-two. It gives pictures of

_ Mr. A. I. Root in 1865, in 1873 and in
& : 1905. Also productions of Gleanings in
Bee-Culture when it was first started in 1873
(Vol. 1, No. 4) and a recent 1906 number.
The book is full of pictures. Its title is
“‘Bee Line to Profit.’’ The booklet gives
dozens of reasons why bee-keepers or other
persons who love bees and honey, should
subscribe to

Gleanings in
Bee-Culture

The eleven editors headed by
A. I. Root and E. R. Root have
each a page devoted to his picture
and a short biography and de-
scription of his department. These

ea editors make the strongest battery
of writers on bees and honey to be found anywhere.
This 32-page book should be in your hands. It’s free. It will be
promptly sent on receipt of your request. A postal will do.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY

Medina, Ohio New York City Chicago, Ill. Philadelphia, Pa.
Washington, D.C. St. Paul, Minn. Syracuse, N. Y. Mechanic Falls, Me.

Bas

it—the sooner you get in touch with us the better. It will take at least three weeks
or so for preliminary correspondence, plan-making, etc., then six weeks more for the
factory to turn out and erect the greenhouse. That brings it the last week in Novem-
ber, with all the winter before you for vegetables planted from seed and the growing
to bloom of the plants you can get from the florist.

We have a booklet called ‘‘ How to get started with a snug little greenhouse,’’ that
gives a lot of condensed common sense told in an almost interesting way. It will

answer many of your questions—we will answer the rest. Send 5c. in stamps for
this booklet.

HITCHINGS AND COMPANY

Greenhouse Designers and Builders
Manufacturers of Heating and Ventilating Apparatus

1170 BROADWAY INGER Wm \GORREK
Ii ce

156 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctronerR, 1906

their own depth, but lilies should be planted
about three times their own depth. The
deeper and later you plant, the later the
flowers, but the less chance of the flowers
being spoiled by bad weather in spring.

If you cover your bulb beds before the
ground freezes hard mice are likely to nest
in the litter and eat the bulbs. Wait until
rodents have found their winter quarters.
Then cover with leaves (oak leaves mat down
less than maple) and lay on some evergreen
boughs to keep the leaves from blowing away.
Hyacinths should have a 3- or 4-inch layer
of leaves or litter, but two inches is enough for
tulips and lilies. All lilies should have a
2-inch mulch in summer to protect them
from drought and the most advanced prac-
tice is to put them in rhododendron beds.
Both plants are shallow-rooters, are fond of
leaf mold and need the same kind of winter
and summer mulch.

Even in so simple a matter as mulching
there are new ideas. Save the buckwheat
hulls in which your bulbs are packed and
buy more if necessary, in order to coat your
bulb beds with them before you put on the
mulch. Next spring when you remove the
mulch, you will be delighted to find it a
simpler job than ever before.

The object of mulching is to prevent the
alternate thawing and freezing which heaves
and breaks the roots. One of the fine
points in bulb culture is to remove this mulch
early so as to harden the young growths.
If they come up through the mulch and get
drawn and yellow, they are in no condition
to resist later frosts. March is the critical
month in the North. If you remove the
mulch in early March and a severe cold
spell comes, put back enough litter to protect
the bed from a sudden thaw. ;

How long to leave bulbs before dividing
them is a question that can never be answered
by figures alone. The most permanent way
is to naturalize them. Many kinds have
held their own for twenty years without
any attention other than an annual top dres-
sing of fertilizer. But in ordinary bed cul-
ture, the most permanent ‘‘bulbous” plant

: Seer is the peony, which lasts ten to twenty years.
is an organization of a few people who have learned The rule is to dig up “permanent” bulb

that much satisfaction is derived from doing Good ||| beds only when the flowers begin to deterior-
Work. The Company’s work is done in those aie Ih ‘they are poorer the second year, it
ais leet Cain welll Ine EGS OL is a fair token that the cultural conditions are

‘ not congenial, but if the bulbs are happy
Granite, Stone and Bronze \\ the second year let enmeteees ealney
Pa sh ae crowd so much as to come to the surface
or show by smaller flowers that they are too

What do you do when a door sticks, or when you want a shelf put up,
or a curtain pole sawed off?

Have you all the tools necessary for the numberless jobs about the
house, and are they all keen and sharp and always in perfect condition?

EEN KUTTER

TOOL CABINETS

are made of handsomely finished natural oak, hand rubbed and con-
tain just the selection of tools for practical purposes. Every tool isa
: Keen Kurrerand fully guaranteed. Each tool has its own place
so that it is always where you can lay your hand on it and 1s easily
kept in perfect condition
KUTTER Ask us to send you handsomely illustrated catalogue showing
our complete line of Keen Kurrer Cabinets; then select the
Cabinet containing the assortment of tools you want and your dealer
will supply you ff not, write us and give us your dealer’s name.
This booklet contains Cabinets from $8.50 to $50.00, according to gr
assortment of tools. 4 postal will bring it.
SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY, St. Louis and New York, U.S.A. ont

‘There are Departments of Memortals, Garden Acces-

sories, Interior Church and Household Decoration thick. In poor soil daffodils may simply
DRCOG hold their own; in rich soil they should need
NY ‘ J If you desire anything in these Departments, and will tell dividing every four or five years. In high-
us something of your purpose, we shall be very glad indeed srade bedding tulips, hyacinths and daffo-
‘) to furnish suggestive sketches /vee of charge. Oo. © -

a Gn Ses dils are used only once and then planted out
Move 5 HE Ll BE 3 i : a e 3
a) << 2 Sun Dials Benches Fountains in the borders. The other bulbs may re

= i quire division in from two to five years.
Pergolas Vases Busts Labels in bulb beds are most unsightly

and if there is only one variety in a bed it is
Tables Mantels Altars better to keep the record in a notebook.

A Colonial Sun Dial with the Tuscan Column as Fonts and Memorials of all kinds If you have a large collection, try this scheme:
a motive. We furnish this in Genuine Stone, with Use 8-inch painted wooden labels, of which

that so much favored antique finish, for $45.00. ON H
Adjusted to any latitude. We do not use Artificial Stone only three inches show above the ground.

GRANITE WORKS, BARRE, VERMONT Use a typewriter on the labels; it makes the

STUDIOS | FONG ISLAND’ CITY, N. y. Oltices, 557 Fifth Ave., New York names wonderfully clear, neat and compact.
New Jersey. Tuomas McApam.

2

|
|

j

OcTOBER,

1906

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

157

PIEDMONT

"s aia Red
Cedar

|
el
ae
en

Direct From Factory
A PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST best protects

: urs
woolens and fine clothing from moths, dust and dampness,
and at least cost. A Piedmont costs about the same as one
season’s storage—and lasts forever.

Exquisite odor of red cedar permanently assured. Not
veneered, but made of solid Southern red cedar. Hand-
somely trimmed. Made in several sizes.

Buy a Piedmont. Do away with ill-smelling moth balls.
Have stored articles always safe, fragrant and handy.

Ideal Gift for Xmas, Birthday, Weddings.

Shipped direct from factory, freight prepaid. We
refund money and pay return freight if dissatisfied.

Write for Booklet now, and learn low factory prices
and full description.

PIEDMONT FURNITURE CO., Dept.K. - Statesville, N.C.

We also make a beautiful box Couch of Solid Southern Red Cedar;
handsomely upholstered, Send for booklet and prices.

_ Jasco Coffee

Is blended with the nicest skill by ex-
peris whose judgment and long experi-
ence enable them to please the most
exacting connoisseur.

Every detail that helps to an exquisite
table beverage—selection, roasting, blend-
ing—is carefully attended to in the prep-
aration of JASCO COFFEE, and insures
uniformity of excellence inevery cup.

In air-tight serew-top tins that preserve the
aroma and keep the coffee perfeetly fresh.

5 1b. CAN, $1.60
Sample Pound, 32 Cents, (Prepaid)

Ground, pulverized or bean.
Our broad guarantee—Y our money back if not satisfactory.

A.J. SHELDON CO., Importers, 100 Front St., New York

Your Trees, Shrubs and
Plants at Attractive Prices

Sea us your list of wants for Fall
planting and get our prices for fine
stock. Items of which we have a sur-
plus we will sell at greatly reduced
prices. Send for list.

SHADE TREES

Of large size and variety.

FOREST TREES

In quantity from seedlings upwards.
Lawn seed of best quality for Fall
planting at much lower prices than you
can buy it in Spring. Plant now and
save the difference.

MT. PROSPECT NURSERIES
Binghamton, N. Y.

4 perfect “specimen tree’ (Silver Linden). Our landscape department will giwuny
tell you the best kinds and how to get magnificent effects like this.

HARDY OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS

Of these we have the most complete collection in the
country ; having many acres of plants with hundreds of distinct
attractive kinds for old fashioned gardens, pond-side planting,
and plants for every position. The remarks and information on
page 68 of our general catalogue will be found instructive and
interesting. Iris, Peonies, Phlox and hundreds of other hardy
plants are described, in addition to a number of new and rare
old fashioned plants.

OLD FASHIONED GARDENS

The laying out and planting of these favorite old time
gardens is one of the specialties of our Landscape Department.
‘The management of this department has made a life long study
of these popular plants and know the practical and artistic value
of every plant; and so, as old fashions become new again, we
gladly assist in the reinstatement of old time hardy flowers,
ornamental hardy grasses and ferns,

BOXWOOD

The reader will no doubt look back to the old Boxwood
bush or hedge at home and with some imagination inhale that
familiar and delicate aroma, which, once tasted, is never for-
gotten. Interview us if you intend to make an old fashioned
Boxwood Garden.

SHADE TREES

Are one of our greatest specialties. In addition to having
large blocks of handsome straight stem Norway Maples,

eta 478 + ans *

We can reproduce for you the very spirit and letter of the
precious old Colonial garden.

Oriental Planes, Pin and Golden Oaks, we havea large quantity
of other trees in a great variety, that are particularly adapted for
ornamental lawn and street planting.

SCARLET BERRIED SHRUBS for WINTER EFFECT

We have a large and varied stock of all the best berried
shrubs for winter cheer, including the Japanese Barberry
( Berberis Thunbergiz) of which we have a magnificent stock of
150,0co plants.

EVERGREENS AND BLUE SPRUCE

We have many hundreds from 5 to 12 ft. tall, in all the
finest and handsumest varieties. The specimens now growing in
our Nurseries are conceded to be the finest ever produced in
America.

PEONIES

Of these we have several acres planted with many thousands
of all the finest and most popular varieties.

OUR LANDSCAPE DEPARTMENT

Will be glad to assist youin the proper selection of every
kind of plant for special locations or in other Landscape
problems you may have. The supervision of private estates a
specialty.

We aim to have not the largest but the most complete
nursery in the country. If you want some unusual or rare plant
that you cannot find, write to us.

Ask for our autumn catalogue.

ao Per kd
rofen Magarin e-

BOBBINK & ATKINS, Nurserymen, Florists and Landscape Gardeners Rutherford, N. Je

HICKS TREES

4 to 6 in. in diameter, 16 to 30 ft. high
BY THE CARLOAD

Save years of waiting for ordinary Nursery
stock. One perfectly developed tree is worth
several small trees and is the most economical
investment. A class of stock that people want.
It is within the means of the average purse.

The usual sizes of trees, shrubs, old-fashioned
flowers, and formal garden material in quantity.

Evergreen, oak and chestnut seedlings by
the ro0,o0o grown from Long Island seed to
fit the conditions of Long Island and north-
eastern United States. The foresight and skill
of the Westbury Nurseries makes possible
reforesting barren land, the planting of wind-

breaks, shelter belts and screens.
Send for price list.
We have prepared for moving, on Hicks Patent Tree-movers,
large shade trees up to 50 feet high and 30 feet spread of roots and
top. Large evergreens up to 45 feet high.

12 Tree movers—expert men—sent anywhere.

[SAAC TGs “Any SON

Nurserymen and Sctentific Tree Movers

Telephone 76 W

WESTBURY STATION, LONG ISLAND

ARTISTIC
CONCRETE
LAWN VASES

Fill up that bare place in
park or campus, add to the
attractiveness of your lawn or
beautify your grounds by in-
stalling a handsome concrete
vase, as shown in photo-engraving.

Our handsome lawn specialties are very
reasonable and very effective when properly
placed. Price, only $5. Our stately

Concrete
Hitching Posts

make the exterior look substantial and lend a
very pleasing effect. Suit-
able for elegant homes.
May be placed at either
end of the driveway. Either
vase or post at $5 securely
crated.

Machines for making them if
desired. Catalog.

Medina Concrete Co.
36 Court St., Medina, Ohio.

woven ENdian Basket 25
woven LNdian Basket Z5c
Hand-woven by Indians in Mexico from strong
palm fibre. Uniquely colored, durable, useful, or-
namental. $ inches high; fine for den, sewing
room, etc. Warranted genuine. Retails for $1.00,
but fora limited time we will send, prepaid, for
25 cents(2 for 44 cents, different designs).

Genuine Indian Moccasins, $1.50

All Indian hand-made; raw-hide soles, buckskin tops, prettily
beaded,sinew sewn. Will outwear two pairs of shoes, Natural Re
foot-shape, comfortable and just the thing for house slipper, gar- |‘
den or camp. Procured by usdirect from the Indians and offered ie
here at half regular retail value. Note sizes offered: Indian’s tj
foot issmaller than white's, hence large sizes are hard to procure. fart

¥, beaded, small amount bead work on top, sizes up to 7, pair fe
$1.50; over 75, supply limited,f$2.00. 9 beaded, finer beading
and handiwork, like illustration, all sizes to 8s, pair $2.25. Full
beaded, finest Indian handiwork throughout, all sizes up to 8s,a
pair $3.00.

NX
Mie swastika Pin 25c

Hand-wrought from pure coin silver in design of the Swas-
tika Cross, the Navajo Indian’s symbol of good fortune.
Genuine, artistic, popular. Speeial Sale Prices as follows:
¥ in. Stick Pin, 25c; 44 in. Charm, plain, 25c: 9-16 in. Brooch
Pin, goc; Rings, any size, 35c; Fine Fob of 4% in.; Crosses,
$2.00; Swastika Bracelet with one cross, $1; with three-crosses
$1.50,

Our new 8o0-page art catalogue of Mexican Drawnwork, Indian Rugs,
Pottery, Baskets, etc.. Free with orders; alone with 4 cents in stamps. Or-
der today—money refunded if desired.

The Francis E. Lester Co., Dept. J10, Mesilla Park, N. Mex.

‘Largest Retailers Genuine Indian & Mexican Handicraft in the World’

Beautiful Roses from Autumn Planting
for details write to

The Conard & Jones Co.,
Box P, West Grove, Pa.

Gladioli

Willow Bank Nursery, Newark, New York

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. A- practica
fruit growers we were using the
common sprayers in our own
crchards—found their defects
and then invented THE
ECLIPSE. Its success practi-
cally forced us into manufac tur-
ing ona large scale. You take
nochances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying — FREE.
MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

ES GAGE DENS Miss GyACZaIEINGE,

Three Months of Daffodils
| BY A SELECTION of varieties in re-
gard to their season of bloom, daf-
| fodils in the open may be enjoyed for ten
| weeks, and if locations permit, by a little
forethought in planting the season may be
extended over one-quarter of the year:
Plant early flowering varieties in early
ground, and your later sorts in late ground.
Even though the different locations may not
be more than twenty feet apart, the difference
in time between the melting snows on the
north side of a wall means a difference in the
earliness of the ground. Now, if you plant
in the early ground extra early flowering
daffodils, such as Early Bird, you will have
flowers in this latitude in March, followed
by the midseason or April flowering vari-
eties. Early in May the late varieties like
Glory of Leiden, Incomparabilis and many
of the Leedsii and Barrii groups will flower.
The extra lates include the Poeticus section.
These, if planted in the late or partially
shaded location will carry the daffodil season
well toward June.
They may also be grown in pots plunged
in a trench about one foot deep, with ashes

Sir Watkin, best of the medium:crowned or cup daffo-

dils. Flowers often five inches across

underneath, to give drainage and keep the
earth-worms from getting into the pots, or
the potted bulbs may be placed in a cold-
frame. In either case, it takes about two
months for them to root thoroughly, after
which a pot or two, as desired, may be
brought into the house, for flowering. The
daffodil is not a lover of heat. Although
many of the species are natives of hot regions
bordering the Mediterranean, some even
being found wild on the African side, yet
during hot periods they ripen up and dry off.
In our climate the temperatures best suited
to them are: 40° for rooting and to retard
top growth, continued until the pots are full
of roots, in coldframe or plunged. For
development of leaves, stems and flower-
buds 50° for about two weeks, in a cool,
light garret or cellar. For the development
of the largest flowers of durable substance, in
conservatory, or sunny window, (60° to 70°).
A temperature much over 70° when in bud,
rushes the development of the buds with
corresponding lack of substance and lasting
qualities to the flower. In dry, furnace-
heated rooms the flowers of daffodils, as of
all plants, are shorter-lived.

New Jersey. A. M. Kirsy.

OcToBER, 1906

PEONIES, PHLOXES
IRISES
LILACS

HARDY ROSES

For Fall Planting

We offer the finest varieties,
embracing all desirable novelties.
Our collections of Fruit and
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and
Hardy Plants are the most com-
plete in this country.

Illustrated and Descriptive Cata-
logue, also list of Novelties and
Specialties, with beautiful col-
ored plate of the New White
Rose, Snow Queen (Frau Karl
Druschki), mailed free on request.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Nurserymen, Horticulturists

Rochester, New York

Stokes’ Bulbs

I want to send you my new catalogue of
bulbs for Fall planting — just a little bit dif-
ferent from anything ever published before.
It is a dainty little thing intwo colors. All
about Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies,
etc., and isn’t loaded down with a lot of things
with hard names that you have no use for.

Write to me about your troubles and triumphs in
gardening. Iam greatly interested and I have found
out some of the little secrets in growing things that
mark the difference between success and failure.

My experience with my large Mloracroft Trial
Grounds and Seed Gardens enables me to give val-

uable suggestions and practical help.

I will send you my catalogues and circulars whenever they
are issued, if you want them. Write me to-day.

Stokes’ Seed) Storemeernnacics,

Walter P. Stokes of the late firm of Johnson & Stokes.

pup = a) |
j Horsford’s Au-
tumn Supple-
ment of best
hardy lilies and
other bulbs for
R WN ing (ready last
gain List of sur-
plus stock which
should interest
those who have room to plant liberally.
Nearly all of Horsford’s plants can be
set most hardy plantsin the fall than late
about a thousand 9
kinds for sun, shade, FRED K H.
wet and dry soil.
Ask for Supplement HORSFORD,
and catalogue before Charlotte,
Vermont
ED iG Ge GP GD GEE

of August) will
offer along Bar-
spring. Spring catalogue mailed to those
who have not had it. These two lists offer

autumn _plant-
set in fall as well as spring. It is better to
placing your orders.

wo GSD Gils GElD Gap Gap

Biesonex, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 159

“Grandmother’s Garden”

What fragrant memories of childhood cluster around ‘‘Grandmother’s Garden,’’ and
to many of us the phrase conjures up visions of the dear old soul pottering around amid a
wealth and riot of the flowers she loved so well. Grandmother may not be here now, but
the flowers in her garden continue to bloom and shed their beauty in a way that would have
filled her heart with joy, for her oldtime favorites have been so greatly improved that they
far excel in point of color, size and quality the plants and flowers of long ago.

Do You Want Such a Garden?

We can help you to attain it, for we have a big stock of almost anything in the way
of perennials, but are making a specialty of only a few: Kelway’s Famous Delphiniums,
Hardy Phlox, and Oriental Poppies, besides a few vines, such as Wistaria and Clematis.

The climate of our part of Tennessee is peculiarly adapted to growing things—plants
of all kinds grow longer, stronger and better, and when they are transplanted they carry
those good qualities with them.

We Are Specialists

We live in the age of specialists. Every branch of industry is dominated by the spec-
ialist raising the finest, strongest and most superior stock of perennials is our chosen
field, and our stock is in such shape that we can ship it safely to any point in the country.

You Should Have Our Booklet

We have issued the finest, handsomest booklet that ever came from the press—we went
to a specialist for it—and we want to send it to you if you will let us have your address. It
will appeal to you. If you kave been laboring every year with annuals to make a garden,
only to see it blasted by the first touch of frost, you surely will be a convert to perennials;
and if you will let us send you some or the plants described in the book you will soon have
a garden such as grandmother in her wildest dream could never have imagined. Just a
postal card request will bring the booklet.

PETER’S NURSERY COMPANY

GROWERS AND IMPORTERS OF HARDY PLANTS

ine Cardentlagazine Boy 307 KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE

“Effective
Hardy

Plants”

is a valuable book to. the
planter. It is full of interest-
ing and helpful suggestions for
fall planting. Send for a copy
—it is free.

Beautiful, rare foliage of Maidenhair or Gingko Tree. TREES AND SHRUBS grown

by us are sure to give satisfac- A Planting of Evergreen Trees Purchased at Our Nurseries.

one Their roots are as strong and vigorous as their tops. Regular A WELL ORNAMENTED GROUND IS
ee WHAT MAKES THE PLACE ATTRACTIVE

EVERGREENS we continually move and the result is big, bushy plants . eta ce Fie
; i tl ts. We have a large assortment of all kinds of Fruit an rnamenta
mama ocao! Of earth around the roots. Trees such as the MAPLES, ELMS, BIRCHES, BEECHES, LIN-
BULBS AND PERENNIALS of the very finest. You cannot afford to DENS, POPLARS, TULIPS, CATALPAS, JAPAN MAPLES and
purchase these plants in cheap quality, MAGNOLIAS, APPLE, PEAR, PEACH, PLUM, CHERRIES, etc.
Can furnish Dwarf Box, also the Box Trees, TREE ROSES, as well as

; his Bargain Offer the ROSE BUSHES, HARDY PHLOX, and PAZONIES, AZALEAS,

Dow's Gvenlees 8 JAPAN and GERMAN IRIS, ORNAMENTAL GRASSES and a full

; line of PERENNIALS. Also a large stock of SPRUCE, PINES,
ARBOR VITAES, and all the different varieties of Dwarf Retinosporas,

| Special Peony Collection No. 4.
nie Cautions to out ammicase stock O: Beale which are the most omamental of all Evergreens. All varieties of
goed, strong roots, including some of these wonderful SHRUBBERY, and CALIFORNIA PRIVET for HEDGING. No

strains, for $7.50. matter what you want, write to us and see i}f we cannot supply you.

purchased Terry’s famous collection.

Our Landscape Architect can lay out your grounds to your perfect

satisfaction. Let us hear from you. Will send Catalogue upon applica-
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, Inc., | Jj so “Aches” as
~ Box H, Germantown, Phila., Pa. STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.

Tel.: 148-2 So. Norwalk, Ct. NEW CANAAN, CT.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctToBER, 1906

indow Gardens

with ventilating apparatus and all the growing essentials of a
greenhouse. Owing toa large demand for a mechanically prac-
tical window garden we have just designed this window garden
which is really a miniature conservatory!

Do you know that with a window garden of this kind you can
supply your house with cut flowers all winter? You can have
flowers ina score of varieties from Christmas to Easter. Think
of having Tulips, Hyacinths, Datfodils, Azaleas, Cyclamen, Cin-
erarias, Primroses, Hydrangeas, Oranges. clambering vines such
as Smilax and Nasturtiums, and other plants in a riot of bloom.

In winter and early spring flower and vegetable seeds can be
started as in a greenhouse, which, when planted out will give you
results weeks earlier than if you waited to sow seed in the
open ground. You can also revive in it your dying plants that

ray:

are doing service in your living room. A stove is not even

necessary for heating as the heat of the house is sufficient in |
ordinary weather, and in severe weather a small lamp provides

the necessary warmth.

will give distinction and uniqueness to your home.

This window garden is, in effect, a small conservatory, and
It is portable

and can be attached to or removed from a rented house.

The regular stock size we have made measures 5 feet long, 2

feet 6 inches wide, 6 feet 6 inches high, and will fitany standard
window.

The above price includes weather strips, supporting brackets, and is complete in every detail for erecting.
shape and can be easily attached by your local carpenter or any handy man.
Illustrated pamphlet with detailed description sent for the asking.

”

shipped in “knock-down
special sizes for large windows sent on request.

PRICE $42.50

f. o. b. FACTORY

It is
Estimates on

HORTICULTURAL CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

5 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK CITY

MRo (oor

OMARA,

for many years General Manager of T. J. DWYER & CO.. ORANGE NURSERIES, having severed his connection with the
5 above concern, will in future represent

BROWN BROTHERS, NURSE Rs:

Personal attention will be given, as in the past, to all inquiries and orders.

Specialty of TREES and SHRUBS in carload lots.

J.F. OMARA, Cornwall-on-Hudson, N. Y.

Service for Readers o

The Garden Magazine

The publishers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
will be glad to give its readers information
on points relating to gardening, the country
home and grounds, and advice where equip-
ment and supplies not found in the advertis-
ing pages can be obtained. Address

Readers’ Service Dept., THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 133-137 East 16th Street, New York

lesbaitias es MORE OBA)

Showing the result of bunora ona Primrose, The plant to the

left was fertilized with a good commercial fertilizer, the
one to theright with Bonora. Note the great

difference in size and luxuriance.

Put up in liquid form as follows :
1,2, 5 and ro gallon kegs,
Half Barrels (cont. 25 gals.)
Barrels (eeemos oom

per gallon, $

One gallon makes 100 gallons.
Order direct or through your seedsman

The Most Remark-
able Fertilizer Dis-
covery of Recent
Years.

““BONORA,”’ the discovery of an English
chemist, surpasses any fertilizer ever prepared
because it contains in the right proportion the
elements necessary to plant growth, being rich
in nitrogen and other essential plant foods. It
matures flowers and vegetables weeks earlier,
producing almost magical effects.

Now is the time to use ‘‘ BONORA ’”’ on your
chrysanthemums, house plants, shrubbery,
celery, vegetables of all kinds, and in your
greenhouse. Give an application now to your
grape vines, shrubs, young trees, etc., which
will create a strong, vigorous, downward root
growth this fall, insuring an early and healthy
growth next Spring. It is endorsed and used
by the greatest growers in the United States
and England.

Put up in dry form in packages as follows :

1 lb. making 28 gallons (postpaid) $ .65
iy ty Igo - - q 2.50
ro “* ae 2S0mioe e - = 475
Ome ae /AT/A OO Haan 2 = = 22.50
100 ‘‘ pol? SOOM Mane - - = 40.00
200 ** nS COOmmE - - - 70.00

Send for pamphlet of endorsements and reports of experiment stations

BONORA CHEMICAL CO., 584 Broadway, New York

{Eviror’s Norr.--When in doubt or trouble write THE

GarpEN Macazine. We will answer promptly by letter. |
Tf we do not know a satisfactory solution we will get one from
an outside expert, without charge to subscribers. Please
enclose a stamp for reply. The questions answered below are
only a small fraction of those we get every week. We are
glad to investigate problems for our readers because the ques-
tions show us what our readers want, and because we expect
that those who get satisfactory service will recommend TuE
Garpen Macazine #0 their friends.|

WHITE OAKS FROM SEEDS

D. C., New York.—The seeds of the white oak should
be sown as soon as ripe in October.

WINTERING ENDIVE
I. A. C., Mass.—Store the endive the same as celery in
a cool cellar or frost proof trench setting the roots in damp
sand or earth.

SOW PEONY SEED IN THE FALL

H. G. T., Conn.—Peony seed should be sown in a cold-
frame as soon as it ripens. It will not grow, however, until
the following spring.

RIDGE THE VEGETABLE GARDEN

H. M. T., Penn.—You will find that it is an advantage
to your garden if you fall plow, or throw your soil into ridges.
This gives the weather a better chance to work on the soil
and it also kills many insect pests.

GOOD EARLY STRAWBERRIES

R. P. I., N. H.—Try Michel’s Early, Johnson’s Early or
Climax strawberries. These do not have so much acid as
does Excelsior. See Mr. Wood’s article on strawberries in
June, 1905, GarpEN MaGazine, pp. 218-221.

SCURFY SCALE ON ROSES

H. M. J., Va.—The scurfy scale on your roses can be
gotten rid of very easily if you spray them with whale-oil
soap—one pound to a gallon of water—this fall after the
leaves drop; repeat it in the spring before growth starts.

SOFT COAL SOOT FOR PLANTS

J. B. P., New Jersey—Soft coal soot has a distinctly
beneficial effect on certain soils, but unless it is very easily
procured it is not worth while bothering with it. Gardeners
frequently use it because it gives the foliage of plants a
beautiful deep green color.

MULCHING ROSES

O. G. M., Vt.—Your roses will come through the winter
in much better shape if you give them a heavy mulching
of manure. Put on enough so that when it has settled there
will be a 6-inch mulch. Do not apply the mulch until
the cold weather has come—the middle or last of October.

HARDY HYDRANGEA FROM CUTTINGS

E. C. A., New Jersey—Nurserymen usually propagate
Hydrangea paniculata var. grandiflora by half ripened
wood under glass in late summer, but if cuttings six inches
long are made in September or October, after the leaves
have fallen, and planted in the ground at once with only
one bud above the soil a large percentage will make roots
the following spring.

PRUNING RASPBERRIES

J. H. B., Tenn.—Raspberries fruit on the canes that
were made the previous year while blackberries fruit on this
year’s wood, but the pruning is the same. Cut out the canes
that have borne fruit this year leaving enough space for the
new growths that spring up from the base. Read Prof.
Fletcher’s article in the July, 1906, GARDEN MacazinE,

page 327-

OcroBeRr. 1906 DHE GARDEN MAGAZINE 161

A DIRECTORY | | , er Vee a Be | GENERATORS,

OF LIGHTING | 7am Ts a aa | |FIXTURES,
, ee Bene A

EQUIPMENT | ff RE i) | TE i wae! =| SUPPLIES, Etc.

IF YOU USE

ACETYLENE

We want to send you

A SAMPLE BRAY BURNER

The "Beto" Burner will produce a
greater amount of light than is possible
with any other Burner ever made for
Acetylene.

One "Beto" Burner will furnish suff-
cient light to illuminate any room in an
ordinary house.

One "Beto" Burner will give as much light as
three ordinary Burners, and consumes but one-half
the amount of gas.

Write us to-day, mention kind of generator used,
enclose 10 cents to cover postage and packing, and

we will send yu A SAMPLE BURNER.

W. M. CRANE COMPANY
Room No. 36, 1131-33 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

A Brilliant Lamp

for the Country Grounds

At the entrance and roadways a clear, constant
light is necessary.

The Dietz No. 3

is built for this service, and embodies every im-
provement for country lighting.

It is economical, can be lighted and regulated
from the outside, has no chimney, and is guaran-
teed not to blow out.

PRICE, $6.00

May be had from dealers, or we will deliver it
anywhere in the United States or Canada at the
above price. Send for Catalogue No.9.

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY
60 LAIGHT STREET
Established 1840. ' NEW YORK

PAEONIES and PHLOX »
FOR OCTOBER PLANTING.
A Complete List.

Carbide-Feed
Generators

combine safety and wonderful
brilliance with great economy.

We Prove This in Our Free Book

explaining the Acetylene principle, describing the Colt
Generator, and giving prices on all Sizes from 10
lights up, with scores of testimonials,

State your needs and ask questions.

Give us your hardware dealer’s name

when you write.

J. B. COLT COMPANY
Dept. M, No. 21 Barclay Street, New York
Chicago Philadelphia Los Angeles

The Bray ‘Beto’

Terms Reasonable. WV E issue a pamphlet,
H 26, showing a
complete line of

Wood Pedestals

that can be used inside the
dwelling or porch to support
a lamp or jardiniere of flow-
ers, or on the lawn as a sup-
port for a sundial. We fur-
nish these with or without
the dials as desired.

Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co.
Mt. Vernon, N. Y.
N. Y. Office, 1123 Broadway

See Our Display “Ad” in September Number.

Descriptive Catalogue of Plants and Bulbs == a 4
ETYLENE. GENERATOR
NATHAN SMITH & SON "A PERFECT LIGHTING SYSTEM

““The Radiant Acetylene Generator with our patent dissolving
102 WEST MAUMEE STREET process makes Acetylene lighting a perfect system for the country

home. Rush’s Patent Dissolying Process found only on the Radi-
ADRIAN MICH ant, has solved the problem of heating and cooking with
g © Acetylene, and it is the cheapest artificial light known, combining
LUXURY ahd ECONOMY. Itis simple and easy to operate.
| The Radiant Generator is ABSOLUTELY AUTOMATIC and will
| run for weeks or months without any care or attention, according
to the amount of light used. Write for illustrated booklet enti-
| ff tled, “Acetylene for the Home.”
Rush Acetylene Generator Company, 51 Bemis St., Canandaigua, N.Y

Free on Application.

-)NASH GASOLINE ENGINES

Are used extensively for furnishing

ELECTRIC LIGHTS, tor
PUMPING WATER ana for the
FIRE PROTECTION

of COUNTRY HOMES. Complete plants installed. Send for catalogue.

NATIONAL METER CO.
84-86 Chambers Street
=| Chicago NEW YORK Boston

HIS is one of the many
beautiful Lawn Fences
we make—strong, beauti-
ful, durable and very inexpen-
Sive considering the quality.
Made of heavy woven netting, with
the patented Anchor Post Construc-
tion—a patented and galbanized Post
that keeps the fence in perfect align-
ment forever, and fully protects it
against rust.

We also make and erect—on one contract—all &
kinds of Iron and Wire Railings, Fences and
Gates, for Lawns, Gardensand Farms. Original
Designs and Estimates free. If you really want the
highest possible quality, write for Catalog No. 30A.

ANCHOR POST IRON WORKS
40 Park Row, N. Y.

; a simple, common sense
plan, they are economical, easy to run, quick to regulate. We
sellthem straight from our factory to your cellar—no middle
men, no intermediate profits. Hess teaches you how to set his

ees furnace up without expert help and guarantees complete suc-

ess or money, cetundeds Hundreds BENE TORE ms SHES SANG

ou can. rices low—factory prices. Vrite for our 40-page

From Facto FY furnace book. It contains complete illustrations of our furnaces

and tells you, in simple terms, the best method of placing and

TO YOU operating your heating equipment. Its free. Ask for one today.
HESS WARMING & VENTILATING COMPANY, 919 Tacoma Bldg., Chicago

Built to reduce coal bills
—to make a house cozy
when it’s cold. Built on

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OcToBER, 1906

Water For Your Country Home

you to enjoy all the comforts and con-
veniences of a city water supply without
a penny for water tax.
It is accomplished by the Kewanee System.
With the Kewanee System you get even more
than city service, because, in addition to every
benefit the latter affords, you may have
—Soft water in your bathroom and laundry.

* #* * *

The Kewanee System is easily explained; it
consists simply of having a Kewanee Pneumatic
Tank set in your cellar or buried in the ground.

The water from your own well or cistern is
pumped into the Kewanee Tank.

From the tank the water is delivered under
pressure to the laundry tubs, kitchen sink, bath-
rooms, outside hydrants or wherever wanted.

When the tank is half full of water the air which
originally filled the entire space will be compressed
into the upper half of it.

It is this pressure exerted on the water which
delivers it to the plumbing fixtures and hydrants.

An average pressure of 40 pounds may be main-
tained under o:dinary conditions. This will carry
water toa height of 80 feet, thus affording splen-
did fire protection

You see that the method, while perfectly simple,
is based ona thoroughly sczentific plan.

The Kewanee Water Supply Company was the
first to apply this principle successfully in supply-
ing water to country houses, and after tem vears of
experience the system has proved to be entirely
practical and it is rapidly growing in favor.

Over 5.000 Kewanee Outfits now in use,

The old style elevated tanks are passing.

—Because they stand no show in competition

\e YOU live in the country there is a way for

with the modern, no-trouble system—the Kewanee
System.

The old fashioned gravity system meant pump-
ing water wp in order to get it down again.

Now, to give the necessary pressure for fire pro-
tection and service, the elevated tank must be
located on top of a tall tower. This is expensive,
unsightly and unsafe.

The water freezes in winter, becomes warm and stagnant in
summer, and repairs are a big item of expense.

The attic tank doesn’t give sufficient pressure for fire pro-
tection.

Its weight is apt to crack the plastering. and when it leaks
(as it is pretty sze to do) your house is flooded. Just one
such expensive accident may cost you many times the price of a
Kewanee Outfit

— Which cannot flood the house, because the tank is resting
on solid ground where it can do no damage.

‘Lhe installation of a Kewanee Pneumatic Water System
in your country home means

—Plenty of pure, fresh water,

—Cool water in the summer,

—No freezing water in winter,

— Absolute protection from fire,

—De>.ease in insurance rates,

—A plant that will last a lifetime,

—No expensive repairs.

It solves the country water problem completely.

The Kewanee System will take care of a// your needs—
for home, garden, lawn, stables, poultry houses, etc.

* * * *

Our Kewanee Outfits are complete.

Not an engine only, which in itself cannot give you a water
supply—nor a tank only, which is useless unless you have
some form of pumping power—

But, we furnish the whole thing —a@ complete system of
water supply.

Our engineering department is prepared to solve your water
problem —no matter how difficult that problem may now
appear.

Kewanee Outfits are made in sizes suited to the smallest
cottage—or largest building—or group of buildings.

We guarantee every Kewanee Outfit to give perfect service.

Send for catalog No. 16 which gives names of users in your
State—free if you mention this magazine.

Kewanee Water Supply Company, Drawer S, Kewanee, Ill. |

Gardeners Supplied

High-class men, with good records, can be
obtained at VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE,

14 Barclay Street, New YorkCity. No fee.
84 Randolph Street, Chicago. ———————

400 Acres in Nursery Stock

Largest in the State of New Jersey.
Write us.

Large 95-page catalogue free.

THE ELIZABETH NURSERY CO.
ELIZABETH, N. J.

GROW HAWTHORNS FROM SEED

A. E. C., New Jersey—The hawthorns (Crataegus) are
grown from seed. Collect the seed as soon as ripe, put in
a tub with a little water and allow them to ferment. As
soon as the pulp has become soft rub it off and stratify
the seeds in damp sand. Sow out of doors next April.

PLANT ASPARAGUS IN APRIL

B. D. F. B., New York.—The best time to plant asparagus
is as early in the spring as the ground can be worked. It
may be delayed until June but great care must be exercised
to prevent the plant from suffering from want of water.
Watch the spring numbers of the Garpen Macazine for
an article on this subject.

A SUCKERING ELM

A. M. R., Cal—The elm (Ulmus racemosus) seldom
suckers except where the trunk is suddenly killed leaving
a healthy root system in the ground. These roots will
immediately send up suckers. The only way that the
ground can be cleared is to dig out the roots and when
suckers show above the ground dig them out by the roots
also.

RUST JOINTS

L. E. B., Mass.—To make a good rust joint, first put
into it a strand of tarred rope which should be rammed
back to the shoulder. Then pack the joint full of freshly
made cast iron filings which have been dampened with
water. The joint will set in three or four days. It is
not necessary to use sal-ammoniac but it is sometimes used
to hasten the rusting.

NATURALIZING DAFFODILS

E. F. D., Tenn.—The only thing that is necessary to
naturalize daffodils in the grass is to plant them there. To
get the best effect throw the bulbs out by the handfuls and
plant them just where they fall. This will give a drift
from a central colony and have the appearance of natural
spreading. ‘The effect is greatly improved if the natural
spread is taken in the direction of the prevailing wind.

LIME WATER FOR WORMS

C. F. C., Neb.—To rid the soil in your flower pots of
worms, use limewater. To make limewater, put into ten
or twelve quarts of water 14 or 2 lbs. of fresh lump lime.
Let it stand a couple of days or until the lime has slacked
and settled, then pour off the clear water for use. Water
the infected soil with this water two or three times at inter-
vals of two or three days. It will drive the worms out.

GROWING PRIVET FROM HEDGES

W. F. P., Md.—Take cuttings six inches long of the
privet this month. ‘Tie in bundles of about fifty and store
in damp sand in a cool cellar over winter. In April plant
the cutting six inches apart in nursery rows in V-shaped
trenches. These cuttings will make plants 24 feet high
by fall. At each transplanting set the plant six inches
deeper than they were before. This will make a hedge
with a good bottom.

GRADING AROUND TREES

J. B. W., Ill.—Young trees are liable to be injured by
a 2-foot fill of earth because the roots will be unable to get
sufficient air. Put around the base of each tree, before
filling in, several wheelbarrowfuls of stones. Large trees
ought not to be injured by the fill but if you have any doubts
build a brick wall around each tree as high as the fill will
be deep, before the grading is done. This has been done
in many places with success.

GROWING THE BOX FROM CUTTINGS

P. F. W., Md.—The box (Buxus sempervirens) may be
hardy with you. If it is, it is the best hedge plant you can
get for the garden. Make cuttings six inches long in Sep-
tember when the wood hasripened. In your locality they
will probably root if planted out of doors in a shady place.
The dwarf variety is usually propagated by dividing the
plants. The box can be grown from seed but it takes a
long while to get good plants.

THE CULTURE OF ASCENSION LILY

H. M. P., New York—The ascension lily (Lilium can-
didum) is one of the very best lilies for forcing. Use a
good rich soil. Plant as soon as can be obtained, putting
a single bulb in a 6-inch pot or three in an 8-inch pot.
Leave out of doors until November. Then put in a cold-
frame or cool greenhouse where there is no frost and but
little or ne heat until January when they may be brought
into a night temperature of 50°. Feed them once or twice a
week with liquid manure after the stalks are one foot high.
Keep them free from plant lice. Under this treatment they
will bloom in April.

a

OcTOBER, 1906

(SEE Gea sy eNey MEA GrAVZN

|

the asking.

A mushroom bed can be made in many places otherwise useless.
the cellar, under greenhouse benches, in an unused
stable or an old outhouse

hy You Can Grow Mushrooms

HINK of having delicious mushrooms for several months from one planting,
and of making beds in your cellar—on the floor, on a table or on shelves, or
on the floor of an unused outhouse. ‘The only requirements are comparative

darkness, an even Jow temperature and pure culture spawn.

Four years ago the growing of mushrooms was considcred the most uncertain
thing in horticulture, but now the pure culture method of growing spawn has
eliminated the most important of these uncertain factors. Not only does it
simplify wonderfully the raising of mushrooms, but it makes it possible for us to
have varieties of mushrooms for the first time, just as we have a Ben Davis and a
Baldwin apple.

What is pure culture spawn and why is it better? It is a scientific laboratory
process by which the “virgin spawn” is secured directly from the tissue of a
mushroom having all the qualities that we most desire. Four years ago all the
commercial growers of mushrooms used foreign spawn. Now, more than half of it
is produced in America by the pure culture method because the grower is now
sure of having mushrooms of the desired color, and of uniform size. Formerly he
was not even sure of getting the same species, to say nothing of the same variety.

To the amateur, the new discovery makes all the difference between success
and failure. It is now perfectly practical for you to raise mushrooms in your own
cellar and thus supply your table with one of the most tasty and delicious of all
table delicacies. Mushroom growing not only supplies your table with one of
the most toothsome of dishes but it

gives you the pleasure of gardening during the winter without a greenhouse or even a
cold frame! And the expense of spawn is trivial.

Let us send you our booklet on mushroom culture which gives you the story in a nut
shell, with illustrations, and tells about our pure culture spawn, with prices. It’s yours for

PURE CULTURE SPAWN COMPANY, PACIFIC, MO.

CHICAGO BRANCH, 604 LA SALLE AVENUE

poe 3-6 wz eee

helpful illustrations.

10 cents additional if sent by mail.

The First Book of F arming
O BEGINNER, old or young, can fail to appreciate this book, for it really

gives a fundamental knowledge of how to conduct a farm with the least

expense and the largest retum. There are sixty-three full pages of

The price is extremely low for a work of such value: $1.00 net, and

By
CHARLES
Lp
GOODRICH

Hardy Flowers for the Old Fashioned Garden

CONTENTS
ewig ts: Parr I. Bin Make an old fashioned garden this Fall which will give endless charm to your
Mbt adce oie lante: iB. Beene. grounds next year from earliest Spmng until Frost. The stately Iris, the graceful
oil Rats xe Sead Pete bell-flowered Campanulas, the beautiful deep blue Larkspurs, Columbines, Fox-
- Soils XT. Spading and Plowing. 9 <
ane Seas ae Baers aa Mure Sa eee aaa allay zloves ; Palos: 9 prolong the seen ane the ornamental Bocconia, Roses, etc., as
WT. inosine Gi Gon Water. Sail. iUcemoS. well as all good hardy perennials for the garden border.
VI. Loss of Soil Water. XIV. Stems. 4
VII. Soil Temperature. _ XV. Flowers. For the Wild Garden
VIII. Plant Food in the Soil. Septet The beautiful Helenium, Boltonias, Lobelias, Native Asters, Lythrum
XVI. Fertile Soil. XXI. Commercial Fertilizers. Salicana, ete. : , ; ir
oly poll Neler weskeovd fe oo es aa Our stock of native plants is based largely upon the rich, wild flora indigenous
: e After-Cultivation of Crops. > IT. si ff i i i i
See ake Eee SOMVE ERCeGon oh Cae to this soil. Having been given nursery treatment, they are now unequalled for
“ce “

XXV. Farm Drainage.

COUNTRY LIFE { THE WORLD’S WORK
IN AMERICA — FARMING

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

making beautiful wild gardens.
Have you ever tried a wild garden? Located in some secluded spot, it will
prove a continuous delight to you. Let us help you make one this year.

Hedge Plants, specimen Norway Spruce, and other fine
nursery stock. Send for illustrated catalogue. Expert advice, plans, etc.

SHATEMUC NURSERIES, Barrytown, Dutchess Co., New York

peeeeer ese eeeereeseeeeeseeneteeemesmrsrresseseemmameemmeeem sees

164 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcToBER, 1906

“Better Than (5as” Says This New Yorker.

For where the ordinary lamp with the round wick, generally considered the
cheapest of all lighting methods, burns but about five hours on a quart of oil,
the Angle Lamp burns a full sixteen hours on the same quantity. This, even
where oil is cheap, soon amounts to more than its original cost. But in another
way it saves as much—perhaps more.

Ordinary lamps must always be turned at full height, although on an average
of two hours a night all that is really needed is a dim light ready to be turned up
full when wanted. A gallon of oil a week absolutely wasted, simply because your

66] have used The Angle Lamp far beyond the time set for trial and find that one cannot
be too enthusiastic over it,” writes Mr.Granville Barnum, of Cold Springs, N.J. “It certainly
gives the brightest and at the same time the softest illumination one could desire.

‘¢ We lived for some years in New York City and used all the latest and most improved
appliances, devices, etc. in connection with gas or electricity and yet I must sincerely urge
the superiority of this simple yet wonderful method of illumination, One can hardly say
too much in its praise.”’

Notice, please that Mr. Barnum has used gas and electricity with all the most
approved devices for years. He like thousands of others who use these systems,
would probably have pooh-poohed the idea that an oil-burning lamp (or any other
system for that matter) could be more satisfactory —wuntil he tried The Angle Lamp.

He now admits that The Angle Lamp is fav superior. For he has found from
use that this oil-lamp gives him all that either gas or electricity can give in con-
venience and something more—kerosene quality light.
the finest, softest, pleasantest of all artificial lights.

Yet THE ANGLE LAMP Pays foun

It floods his rooms with

lamps cannot be turned low without unbearable odor. All this is saved in The
Angle Lamp for whether burned at full height or turned low, it gives not the
slightest trace of odor or smoke.

You should know more about the lamp which for its convenience and soft,
restful light might be considered a luxury were it not for the wonderful economy
which makes it an actual necessity. Write for our catalog “41” fully explaining
this new principle of oil lighting, and for our proposition to prove these
statements by

8 OV DAN So. RWWA

When such people as ex-President Cleveland, the Rockefellers, Carnegies, and thousands of others, after trying The Angle Lamp, find
it profitable to rip out gas and electric-light fixtures, to throw away gasoline and acetylene outfits or ordinary lamps it is surely worth

your while to send a penny postal to find out about it.

Write for catalog ‘‘41” which lists 32 varieties from $1.80 up, and gives you the benefit of our ten years of experience with all kinds of lighting methods.

THE ANGLE MANUFACTURING CO., 78-80 MURRAY ST., NEW YORK

with its dainty wild Ferns, Lady Slippers,
Wood Violets, Triliiums Wintergreen,
Orchids and other wild flowers of woodland
and meadow will bring rare delight to your
grounds.

Think of having the Wintergreen, whose
aromatic red berries will last all winter, even if
it is covered with snow, unless, indeed, youcan-
not help nibbling them. Think also of having
Ground Pine growing in your own garden,
that lovely little plant that is used so much
for roping at Christmas time; of the Part-
ridge Berry, that exquisite evergreen trailer
loaded with brilliant red berries which last
all winter; of the Cardinal Flower, cele-
brated by the poets as our lovliest American
wild flower, which, contrary to the general
impression, does not require damp soil but
will grow in an ordinary garden.

All the precious wild flowers of the woods
that you love you can grow in the dark, shady
places of your garden, and the flowers of the
meadow will thrive in open sun.

We have special collections of Ferns on
pages g and xo of our catalogue for dark
shady places and open sun, dry and wet,
large and small rockeries. Also Bog Plants,
several of which will thrive indoors, including
the wonderful Dionza or Venus Fly Trap,
which catches insects; dainty Gentians and
Lobelias for planting by brooksides.

For twenty-five years we have studied the
habits of wild fiowers and have exactly imi-
tated their natural conditions of growth in
our nurseries, so that they are preserved here
in all their beauty, Grown in cold New
England, they are perfectly hardy.

Autumn is a good time to plant a wild
sie PP es f garden. Let us help you in your selection.
In addition to wild flowers, we grow HARDY PERENNIALS,, including the old
garden sorts, like Foxgloves, Larkspurs, Lilies, garden Heliotrope, etc.

We also grow the best SHRUBS suited for this climate, including several adapted for
dark shady places ; several are particularly useful in hedgework, like Japanese Berberis, Rosa
rugosa and California Privet.

Send for our beautifully illustrated descriptive catalogue of over 50 pages, which tells much
about this class of plants.

EDW. GILLETT,

tie é
Py Paseo

Southwick, Mass.

The Elm City Nursery Co.

PLANT

IN THE

FALL

From now on until the ground freezes hard, plant-
ing can be done successfully. When all the
rush of early spring comes, what arelief and econ-
omy it will be to have the hardy plantings all in
and out of the way. Further, many things do far
better planted in the Fall.

ERE
AN

JIE, D
contains a very complete list of the desirable sorts of

the above, sizes and prices being plainly given.
This Catalog is yours for the asking.

Try our Stock and Business methods,
both will please you

The ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY
NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

Visitors always welcome at the nursery

a ae

Brown Bros. Nurser
Largest in the World

HOME OFFICES OF BROWN BROTHERS NURSERIES AT ROCHESTER, N. Y., THE FLOWER CITY

WHY BROWN BROTHERS NURSERIES
ARE THE LARGEST

BECAUSE we are the growers and purchasers appreciate the advantage of buying of the producer.

BECAUSE our nurseries are located in the best place in America for growing hardy, vigorous stock that will transplant to the best advan-
tage and produce the best results in any locality.

BECAUSE we send out only fully developed, healthy, thrifty stock that has been handled with the utmost care for its protection from the
time it is removed from the earth until it is placed aboard the cars.

BECAUSE no matter at what distance the purchaser may be from our nurseries, our method of packing and handling the stock insures
its arrival in perfect condition.

BECAUSE our personal supervision and care in the selection and improvement of our varieties has given us stock of unrivalled excellence
from which to fill our orders.

BECAUSE the variety of soils in this vicinity enables us to grow to perfection an immense variety of fruit and ornamental trees, shrubs
and hardy perennials, and our patrons seem to see the real advantage of being able to have orders filled complete ftom

immense stocks, permitting the selection of fine specimens.

BECAUSE we employ over 3000 resident representatives to call personally upon our patrons and to assist them in choosing the varieties
best suited to their needs.

BECAUSE our force of landscape gardeners and engineers is always at the disposal of our patrons who are furnished plans and suggest-
ions for planting free of cost,

BECAUSE EvERY ORDER, WHETHER CAR-LOADS OR SINGLE SPECIMEN, RECEIVES THE SAME CAREFUL ATTENTION.

We invite you to come and make your selections personally, or write for information or catalog.

BROWN BROS. NURSERIES
ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Camp, Travelling, Home

The Prophylactic is the clean tooth brush always. The
Yellow Box protects it from the day it is sterilized and leaves
the factory to the moment it reaches you—keeps hands off, and
dust out.

The Yellow Box is a guarantee of quality as well as cleanli-
ness. Made by expert men and girls among the green fields of
New England, it carries with it an attraction to particular
people. The

Tooth Brush

bristles shaped to penetrate every crevice between the
teeth. The handle is curved, making easy use on both inner
and outer tooth surfaces.

The hook which is attached to every brush at the factory,
is to be screwed into the wall beside your washstand, and your
brush when hung on it (there isa hole in the handle), is kept by
itself, clear of everything else, and in a position to dry out
properly.

Sold the Wide World Over

In small villages and hamlets as well as in larger towns and
cities; you will find the Prophylactic; in the east, west, north
and south; by druggists and dealers in toilet supplies generally.

When you buy a Prophylactic Tooth Brush, be sure to get
all of the following: The Yellow Box with our name on it, the
brush with the name on it, and the hook to hang it on. All are
included for price of the brush.

Made in Three Sizes,

two styles and three textures. The texture of each brush—Soft;
Medium; Hard—is plainly marked on outside of box—no need
to handle the bristles. The styles are: ‘ Prophylactic” rigid
handle, and “Prophylactic Special,” new flexible handle. Three
sizes: Adult’s, 35c; Youth’s, 25c.; Child’s, 25c

If your de alex does not sell the Prophylactic, we wiil deliver postpaid on
receipt of price. Send for Prophylactic literature on teeth and their proper
cleansing and preservation.

FLORENCE MFG. CO., 181 Pine St., FLORENCE, MASS.

THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK

November Getting Ready for Winter 10c

1906 Vegetables for Storage Bulbs for Indoor Bloom
Vol. IV. No. 4. Protecting Roses and Evergreens Lilies for November Planting $1.00 Year

HE GARDEN |
AGAZINE

SENSO 8s POR i VE he

ere ee ee

ES eS ee

The World’s Work Country Life in America Farming
Pee an DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY tis:7 casisteenn st

a

For October and November Planting

The plants named below will give abundant
bloom next season. We offer heavy clumps
of these and other hardy perennials.

PEONIES—Sixty superb varieties (very
large clumps in most of them), will bloom
well in 1907 if planted in October. No use
to plant them in Spring.

PHLOX—FElegant varieties; heavy plants,
including the new ones— Mrs. Lingard,
Coquelicot and R. P. Struthers.

IRIS—Very large assortment; heavy plants.

LILACS—In large assortment, as per list
page 46 of our General Catalogue.

Hyacinths—Tulips—Daffodils

Our bulbs are especially selected for those
who wish highest quality obtainable, and just
such as we annually ship to J. P. Morgan.

Do not judge quality by our close prices
(practically wholesale in man, cases). We
guarantee our stock equal to any offered for
exhibition purposes.

On Vour of our first-size Hyacinths,
grown in an eight-inch seed pan, we
counted 840 bells.

We offer a full line of other hardy
stock, including IRISH ROSES, SHRUBS
and TREES, both FRUIT and ORNA-
MENTAL.

Owing to the scarcity of many varieties,
prices will be advanced in Spring Catalogue.
If ordered now, you may safely trust us to
ship only what is best planted in Autumn,
holding balance until Spring,

Rosedale Nurseries
S. G. HARRIS, 63 Hamilton Place, TARRYTOWN, N, Y.

WE HAVE EVERYTHING FOR OLD FASHIONED,
ITALIAN AND ENGLISH FORMAL GARDENS

Evergreens and Blue Spruce. We have many hundreds from 5 to
12 feet tall, in all the finest and handsomest varieties. The specimens now growing
in our Nurseries are conceded to be the finest ever produced in America.

Hardy Old Fashioned Flowers. Of these we have the most com-
plete collection in the country, having many acres of plants with hundreds of distinct
attractive kinds for old fashioned gardens, pond-side planting and plants for every
position. The remarks and information on page 68 of our general catalogue will be
found instructive and interesting, Iris, Paeonies, Phlox and hundreds of other hardy
plants are described, in addition to a number of new and rare old fashioned plants.

Boxwood. The reader will no doubt look back to the old Boxwood bush
or hedge at home and with some imagination inhale that familiar and delicate aroma,
which, once tasted, is never forgotten. Interview us if you intend to make an old
fashioned Boxwood Garden.

Old Fashioned and Formal Gardens. The laying out and
planting of these favorite old time gardens is one of the specialties of our Landscape
Department. The management of this department has made a life long study of these
popular plants and knows the practical and artistic value of every plant ; and so, as old
fashions become new again, we gladly assist in the reinstatement of old time hardy

. flowers, ornamental hardy grasses and ferns.

Scarlet Berried Shrubs for Winter Effect. We have a
large and varied stock of all the best berried shrubs for winter cheer, including the Jap-
anese Barberry (Berberis Thunbergii) of which we have a magnificent stock.

Shade Trees are one of our greatest specialties. In addition to having large
blocks of handsome straight stem Norway Maples, Oriental Planes, Pin and Golden
Oaks, we have a large quantity of other trees in a great variety, that are particularly
adapted for ornamental lawn and street planting.

Autumn Bulbs for Spring Flowers. This is the proper time
to plant these bulbs. Consult our Autumn catalogue.

Hardy Roses. We have an excellent stock of Roses, in a large variety.
See our general catalogue for descriptions. Special prices on quantities.

Hardy Lilies. We have a large variety of these now popular flowers.
Refer to our general catalogue for kinds and prices.

Flowering Shrubs. Many acres of our Nursery are planted with them ;
kinds that will grow and bloom everywhere.

Fruit Trees in Trained and Ordinary Forms. We can
supply in any quantity. Ask for our special Trained Fruit Tree List.

The general supervision of private estates and public grounds a specialty. Visitors from New York can
reach our Nurseries by taking the main line of the Erie Railroad ; Rutherford is the first stop out.

Nurserymen, Florists and
BOBBINK S ATKINS, > Landscape Gardeners

RUTHERFORD, N. J.

A Charming Wild Garden

EDW. GILLETT,

The Tee Bosko

expense and the largest return.
helpful illustrations.

with its dainty wild Ferns, Lady
Slippers, Wood Violets, Trilliums,
Wintergreen, Orchids and other
wild flowers of woodland and
meadow will bring rare delight to
your grounds.

All the precious wild flowers of
the woods that you love you can
grow in the dark, shady places of
your garden, and the flowers of
the meadow willthrive in open sun.

We have special collections of
Ferns for dark shady places, large
and small rockeries, also Bog
Plants, several of which will thrive
indoors, including the wonderful
Dionza or Venus Fly Trap, which

catches insects; dainty Gentians and Lobelias for planting by
brooksides.

For twenty-five years we have studied the habits of wild flowers

and have exactly imitated their natural conditions of growth in
our nurseries, so that they are preserved here in all their beauty.
Grown in cold New England, they are perfectly hardy.

Autumn is a good time to plant a wild garden. Let us help you in your selection.
In addition to wild flowers, we grow Hardy Perennials, including the old

garden sorts, like Foxgloves, Larkspurs, Lilies, garden Heliotrope, etc.

We also grow the best Shrubs suited for this climate, including several adapted

for dark, shady places; several are particularly useful in hedgework, like Japanese Berberis,
Rosa rugosa and California Privet.

Send for our beautifully illustrated descriptive catalogue of over 50 pages, which
tells much about this class of plants.

Southwick, lass.

nme ot:

f

By <
CHARLES
ibe
GOODRICH

O BEGINNER, old or young, can fail to appreciate this book, for it really
gives a fundamental knowledge of how to conduct a farm with the least

Farming
There are sixty-three full pages of

The price is extremely low for a work of such value: $1.00 net, and

10 cents additional if sent by mail.

CONTENTS
Parr I.
CHAPTER CHAPTER
I. Introduction to Plants. IX. Seeds.
Il. Roots. X. Seed Planting.
Ill. Soils | ; XI. Spading and Plowing.
IV. Relation of Soils to Water. XII. Harrowing and Rolling.
V. Forms of Soil Water. i XIII. Leaves.
VI. Loss of Soil Water. XIV. Stems.
VII. Soil Temperature. XV. Flowers.

VIII. Plant Food in the Soil.

Part II.

XVI. Fertile Soil. XXI. Commercial Fertilizers.
XVII. Soil Water. XXII. eS a
XVIII. The After-Cultivation of Crops. XXIII. fe as
XIX. Farm Manures. XXIV. Rotation of Crops.
XX. af te XXV. Farm Drainage.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD’S WORK
IN AMERICA FARMING

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

TIFFANY & CoO.

Fifth Avenue and 37th Street, New York

Holiday Announcement

Messrs. Tiffany & Co.'s holiday preparations
have been completed. The various departments
are rich with new designs in jewelry of every
description, silverware and selections of this
season's choicest artistic objects from the art
centres abroad

Patrons are urged to place their Christmas
orders at once, while the stock is fresh and con-
tains many individual pieces that will not be
duplicated

Out-of-Town Service

Upon advice as to requirements and limit of price
Tiffany & Co. will send photographs, cuts or
careful descriptions of what their stock affords

Goods Sent on Approval

to any part of the United States, to persons
known to the house or who will make them-
selves known by reference from any National
Bank or responsible business house

Tiffany & Co. are strictly retailers. They do
not employ agents or sell their wares through
other dealers

Fifth Avenue New York

Tiffany & Co. always welcome a comparison of prices

Christmas

Catalogue
The 1907 Tiffany
Blue Book or annual
Christmas Cata-
logue, will be ready
October 20th

As_ heretofore the
Blue Book contains
no illustrations

There are about
600 pages filled
with concise descrip-
tions and prices of
jewelry, silverware,
watches, clocks,
bronzes, pottery,
glass and other artis-
tic merchandise

Analphabetical side
index gives quick
access to the infor-
mation

To all persons at a
distance from trade
centres this Blue
Book is a great con-
venience, as it con-
veys suggestions and
gives pricesofarticles
suitable for gifts

Tiffany & Co. al-
ways we!come a
comparison of prices,
andthe freedom with
which the minimum
and maximum prices
are quoted through-
out this little cata-
logue is an evidence
that the house as cor-
dially invites a com-
parison of prices up
on Fifth Avenue as
it always did in its
old home on Union
Square

Upon application, a
copy of the book will
be sent to intending
purchasers without
charge by addressing
Tiffany & Co., Fifth
Avenue and Thirty-

seventh Street
—Press Reviews

166 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NovemMeer, 1906

TRADE MARK

THE SAN JOSE SCALE KILLER

For Fall or Spring Use

a plague like the plagues of Egypt.

‘‘Horicum” is Simple, Strong, and Ready For Use
Sold by Seedsmen. Send for pamphlets, worth having, to

Fishkill-on=-Hudson, =

Gan Jose Scale on a Peate.

ZREADY#
Bound Volume III

Garden Magazine

(February to July, 1906, inclusive)

The most beautiful, interest-
ing and practically helpful
volume of the magazine yet

published.

VOLUME III. Price $1.35
Express Prepaid $1.6¢

The volumes of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE con-
tain much of the best practical information extant on
the various branches of gardening. They are completely indexed for immediate and handy
reference, and are in themselves an inexhaustive garden library to be added to year
If your file of the magazine is incomplete,

by year at comparatively slight expense.
this is your opportunity.

VOLUME ONE, $2.00. Express Prepaid $2.32

(February to July, 1905, inclusive)

VOLUME TWO, $2.00. “a

(August 1905 to January, 1906, inclusive)

$2.32

@ IF YOU SEND US YOUR OWN COPIES FOR BINDING the charge is 75 cents (or $1.07 including the
q Or, if we send the cover (for permanent binding)
(62 cents including postage.)

express charges for return of the volume to you,)
to you for your own binder to stitch on, the charge is 50 cents.

BACK NUMBERS 10 CENTS EACH, prepaid, excepting October and April which are 25 cents each, pre-
paid. Any copies of incomplete files which are returned to us prepaid (with no duplicate numbers) will
be credited on an order for bound volumes at 10 cents each. Indexes for volumes one, two and three
sent free on request to those who bind their own volumes.

IN RETURNING COPIES MARK YOUR NAME AND ADDRESS PLAINLY ON THE PACKAGE

q

=

Doubleday, Page & Co., 133-137 East 16th St., New York.

was? HORICU M’’ss«s

We aim to kill scale and not trees. One spraying will not kill all the scale. Many of them
get under the rough bark. They are very minute, but their multitude makes the San Jose Scale

HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT WORKS

NEW YORK

Important November Work

are complete the year’s work, the garden

must be cleaned up. By doing this
work now you will have cleaner plants next
year.

In the September GARDEN MAGAZINE
(page 82), Prof. Sanderson describes one
method—fall plowing—of destroying many
of the garden enemies. There are many
insects and fungous diseases that cannot
be destroyed by plowing. The best way to
reach these is to collect into a pile all the
refuse about the garden, allowing it to lie
long enough to dry, then have a bonfire.

From all the fence corners clean out long
grass, weeds and bushes, for they all harbor
enemies of the garden. The wild cherry trees

a]

Burn the year’s accumulation of rubbish. It is best
done on a damp day and when the wind will carry
the sparks away from the buildings

aiways have an abundance of tent cater-
pillars. Cut down the trees, and throw them
on to the fire.

All the refuse left from last summer’s
crops should be collected and burned. It
will mean cleaner crops next year.

Gather the asparagus tops, and burn them,
for they are liable to be more or less infected
with rust—the worst enemy asparagus has.

Most people leave the potato tops lying
on the ground where they grew. This
furnishes an excellent home during the winter
for the potato beetle. Better collect and
burn them.

Clean up the herbaceous borders before
mulching. Cut off the old flowering tops
of all such perennials, as the golden rod,
Michelmas daisies and sneezeweeds. If
left on the plants they give the border a very
untidy appearance; they are of no further
use to the plants and help to harbor insects.

November is an excellent time to prune
fruit trees and grape vines. Burn all the
prunings. Ge ik

|
|

NOVEMBER, 1906

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

THE FROG BOOK. By Mary c. DICKERSON.
toads have been comparatively neglected in nature study; but here is one of the
most fascinating nature books it has ever been our good fortune to publish—a work
of reference which is authoritative and complete, yet as readable as “nature

NATURE BOOKS

color and nearly 300 black and
THE TREE BOOK.

Frogs and

white, from photographs by
the author.
($4.34 postpaid.)

By JULIA E. ROGERS. “The most valuable,

accurate and elaborate book ever published in America on our native trees,” says The New York Herald. 350 beautiful photographic

illustrations (16 in color) by A. R. Dug-
($4.34 postpaid.)
Our Native Orchids

By WM. HAMILTON GIBSON and H. L.
JELLIFFE. 58 illustrations by Gibson.
($1.49 postpaid.)

Flashlights on Nature
By GRANT ALLEN. Nearly 150 illus-
trations. ($1.49 postpaid.)

North American Birds’ Eggs. By Cursrer A. ReEeEp, 3.8.
Birds.”’) - 660 half-tones and 275 pen-and-ink sketches.

GARDENING HOW TO MAKE A VEGETA-

BLE GARDEN. By Epiru L.
FULLERTON. 250 photographs.

FOR AMATEURS, PROFESSIONAL

FRUIT GROWERS AND

($2.20 postpaid.)
HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER

FARMERS ALIKE:
HOW TO MAKE A FRUIT

GARDEN. More than 200 photo-
GARDEN. ByS. W. Frercuer.

graphs. ($1.76 postpaid.)
A Plea for Hardy Plants
By J. WILKINSON ELLIOTT. 50 illustra-
tions; binding, boards. ($1.76 postpaid.)
The 200 photographs will whet your | How to Plan the Home Grounds
appetite. ($2.20 postpaid.) By S. Parsons, Jr. 56ill. ($1.10 p-paid.)
; FARM ANIMALS: Cows, Horses, Sheep, Swine, etc. (Ready.)
THE SOIL: How to Handle and Improve It. (Ready ix Spring of 1907.)
THE POULTRY BOOK. By Harrison Wer, F.R.H.S.,and Many American Specialists,
under the editorship of PRor. W. G. Jounson. The Country Gentleman says: “It is indeed rare
to find a treatise so inclusive, so practical and so attractive.’ The New York Times: “Its color
plates are veritable works of art.” Three volumes. 36 color plates and 636 other pictures.

($13.60 subscription. )

How to Keep Bees. By Anna Botsrorp Comstock. Many photographic illustrations.
($1.10 postpaid.)

The First Book of Farming. By Cuaries L. Goopricu. 63 pages of photographs.

OUTDOOR BOOKS

Flashlights in the Jungle
THE DOG BOOK—WNow Complete

By C.G. SCHILLINGS. 300
startling photographs.

In ten parts, or two volumes. By JAMES WATSON.

The only adequate treatment of the dog in America. The

($4.18 postpaid.)

Camera Shots at Big
New York Telegram says: “There has been nothing written
or published pertaining to dogs

Game. By Mr.and Mrs. A.G.
which has quite equalled this

NV ALLIHAN. 65 photogravures
and half-tones. ($5.25 postpaid.)

work.” Illustrated from photo-

graphs, engravings and rare paint-

To California and Back
ings. Per part, $1.10 postpaid.

By Hiccins and KEELER. 311
Complete, in two handsome vol- trated and decorated. ($1.50.)

illustrations. ($1.65 postpaid.)
umes,
©) THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

Freckles. By Gene Srrat-
DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

How to Attract the Birds
By NELTJE BLANCHAN. 110 photo-
graphic illustrations. ($1.49 postpaid.)
Nature and the Camera
By A. RADCLYFFE DUGMORE. 53 pho-
tographic illustrations. ($1.49 postpaid.)
Among the Waterfowl
By Herbert K. Job. 98 photographic
illustrations. ($1.49 postpaid.)

more.

THE FARM LIBRARY

COTTON. By Pror. C. W. BurKxerr and C.H. Por. A classic
of its kind for the historian, farmer, manufacturer and merchant.
Copiously illustrated from photographs, 63 in all. ($2.20 postpaid.)

TON-PoRTER. Elaborately illus-

$12.00
sub-
scrip-
tion.

THE WORLD'S WORK
FARMING

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

Roses an
By Many Experts.
in subject and quality of illustrations,
beautiful.

How to Make School Gardens
By H. D. HEMENWay.
from photographs.

The Brook Book

By Mary RoceErs MILLer.

16 photo-

graphs; 65 text cuts. ($1.49 postpaid.)

The Nature-Study Idea
By Prof. L. H. BaILey. ($1.10 postpaid.)

Nature Biographies
By CLARENCE M. WEED. 150 photo-
graphic illustrations.

($1.49 postpaid.)

(Illustrator and Originator “Color Key to North American

($2.75 postpaid.)

Ferns and How to Grow Them
By G. A. Woo.son.
growing of hardy ferns both in the gar-
den and indoors.

Treats of the
($1.10 postpaid.)

d How to Grow Them
In text practical ;

($1.10 postpaid.)

10 illustrations
($1.10 postpaid.)

Country Homes of Fa-

mous Americans. By O1-
IVER BRONSON CAPEN. Sump-
tuously illus. ($5.50 postpaid.)

Two Little Savages

By ERNEST THOMPSON SETON.
256 marginal drawings and 29
full-page illus. ($1.92 postpaid.)

The Country House

By Cuas. Epw. Hooper. 380
photo. illus. ($3.30 postpaid.)

The Life Worth Living

By THomas Dixon, Jr. 32
photo. illus. ($1.32 postpaid.)

A Year in a Yawl

By RussELL DouBLEDAY. Ful-
ly illustrated. ($1.37 postpaid.)

Driving. By Francis M. Ware.
113 illustrations and very elaborate
gold binding.

($10.38 postpaid.)

167

168 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NovemBeR, 1906

Here is one of the most fascinat-
ing nature books it has ever gm
been our good fortune to pub-

lish :

The Tree Book || The Frog Book

By JULIA E. ROGERS

The easiest and the pleasantest
way to know the trees is through

By MARY C. DICKERSON

““This is the most valuable, accurate F A aoe 5 Sas 1 ay
anvdivelaboratenmboolameccn published 7 rogs an toads ave een comparative y neg Eve 100 te ott

IATACTICATORAO LET ATCO tree ee NL OLYOEE ture study, but this book contains a wealth of original
Herald. observation and pioneer work that is a reai contribution
to science. It is an ideal volume in the nature series we
have long been issuing—a work of reference which 1s
The 350 beautiful photographic illustra- authoritative and complete, yet full of vital interest and
tions show bud, blossom. full leaf, fruit and as readable as ‘‘ nature fiction.”’
wood of all the important species. 16 plates

in color. Net, $4.00 ( Postage, 34c.) 16 plates in color and nearly 300 black and white photographs from life by the
author. Net, $4.00 ( Postage, 40c.)

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY iénscee New York City

A Complete Manual of House Building in the Country

[Ow and where to build his house is a problem that confronts nearly every
American at some time during his life. To the satisfactory answering of this
important question this volume seeks to contribute.

The Country House

By CHAS. EDW. HOOPER

The problems involved in the building of a house are many...
This volume gives special advice on the site, planning and building of
the house; on its outside finish, the style of doors, windows and fire-
places; on plumbing, heating, lighting and ventilation, water supply
and drainage, and the style, size and equipment of every room. A
chapter of specimen contracts and specifications is added.

CONTENTS:

I. The selection of a Site VIII. Plumbing.

II. Planning the House. 1X. Heating, Lighting and Ventilation.
III. Building the House. X. Th: Kitchen and Service. Duiuing-room .
IV. Outside Finish XI. Hills and Stairways.

V. Doors and Doorways. Hardware. XII. Living Rooms.
VI. Windows and Window Motives, including XIII. Water Supp'v and Dra‘nage.

Bays and Balconies. XIV. Stables and Ontbuildin s.

Gard-ns and Garden Miscellany.

VII. Fireplaces and Fireproofing. XV. a
XVI. Contract and Specifications.

380 illustrations of photographs and plans, net $3.00. Postage 30 cents.

CouNTEY LIFE THE WorLb's WoRK 2 THE GARDEN
‘IN AMERICA FarMING MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEw YorK.

ee

—an

NOVEMBER, 1906

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

THE WORLD'S WORK
FARMING

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

URING each month of this year the sales of our books have been greater than the.
corresponding month a year ago, but a more important fact is that the year’s pub-
lications have been more substantial and lasting in character; and, after all, it is

the work which lasts that counts.

We have had high hopes for the fall season of 1906 and we hope that the readers of
our magazines will look over these tities with interest.

Any of them will be sent on approval.

Avary, Myrta Lockett Dixie After the War
A very exceptional book of Reconstruction memoirs—
as thrilling as romance, and very charming. Uniform
with ‘‘A Belle of the Fifties’ and ‘‘A Southern Girl in
761.” $3.03, postpaid.

Bacon, Dolores Author of ‘‘The Diary of a Musician,”’ etc.
Old New England Churches and their Children

Simple enough architecturally are many of these quiet
buildings, but the wealth of association gives them an
interest to Americans far greater than the most inspir-
ing English or Continental cathedrals. Nine photo-
gravures and twenty-four beautiful half-tones. $4.13,
postpaid.

Bacon, Dolores Crumbs and His Times
Author of ‘‘Old New England Churches and their Children.”
In no sense is this book theoretical. It presents the
actual life of a child of seven, and the problems that con-
front the mother during this period. 1.00.

Bacon, Dolcres, Editor
Songs Every Child Should Know
Author of ‘‘ The Diary of a Musician.”’
An admirable collection of more than roo “ National
Songs,” “Songs of Sentiment,” “Shakespeare’s Songs,”’
“Military Nonsense Songs,” etc. With the music. Dec-
orated by B. Ostertag. $1.00, postpaid.

Batcheller, Tryphosa Bates
Glimpses of Italian Court Life

One meets all sorts of well-known people in these pages:
the Royal family, His Holiness the Pope, musicians,
artists, leaders of society, andsoon. The author, well-
known as an amateur singer, had very exceptional op-
portunities of studying the exclusive circles of modern
Italian society; and the illustrations are intimate per-
sonal documents not to be duplicated. It is a sumpt-
uous gift book. 56 illustrations in color, photograv-
ures, and half-tone. $5.28, postpaid. Vellum de Luxe,
net $10.00. (Postage 48 cents)

Barron, Leonard Lawns and How to Make Them
A book that deals with the digging and plowing of the
lawn, the selection of site, seeding and turfing, and all
the intimate facts that in the aggregate mean a sward of
refreshing green. Thirty-two practical ‘‘ How to”’ pic-
tures. $1.21, postpaid.

Bierce, Ambrose The Cynic’s Word Book
Mr. Bierce has been writing this dictionary for several
years. It is a stimulating work for enlightened souls.

With frontispiece. $1.10, postpaid.

Borden, Spencer The Arab Horse
A valuable book which points out the real merits of the
Arab, his distinct differences (even on important anat-
omical variation) from other horses, and the history of
the pure-blooded animals in America. Twenty-four

photographs. $1.32, postpaid.

Burkett, Professor Charles W. and )
Poe, Clarence H. \
For the historian, farmer, manufacturer and merchant,
this is the only specific guide to the whole great subject

Cotton

of Cotton. It is both interesting and practical. Co-
piously illustrated from photographs, sixty-three in all.
Uniform with FARM ANIMALS. $2.20, postpaid.

Calendars, Nature ( Series le Bird Neighbors
( Series II. Wild Flowers and Trees
There is a beautiful colored plate of the bird, flower, or
tree suitable to the particular season for each month in
the year, together with a description of the species repre-
sented. Typically American, they are ideal remem-
brances to send to friends who are abroad. Each, $1.50.

Cotes, Sara Jeannette ‘Set in Authority
Author of “‘A Social Departure,’’ etc.
A very human novel of English life in India. _ Its pic-
ture of a strong man enmeshed in a web of circum-

stances is tremendously absorbing. §r.so.

168—b THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NoveMBER, 1906.

Dillon, Mary The Leader
Author of ‘‘ The Rose of Old St. Louis,”’ etc.
The love story of a present-day hero, whose eloquence
and personal magnetism are as real as they are worth
reading about. Second printing. Illustrated by Ruth
M. Hallock. $1.50.

Dickerson, Mary C. The Frog Book

Frogs and toads have been comparatively neglected in
nature study, yet here is one of the most fascinating
nature books it has ever been our good fortune to pub-
lish—a work of reference which is authoritative and com-
plete, and as readable as ‘“‘nature fiction.’’ Sixteen
plates in color and ‘nearly 300 others from photographs
by the author. Uniform with Naiure’s Garden, etc.
$4.40, postpaid.

Dooley, Mrs. James H. Dem Good Ole Times

To read this book is to comprehend the real relation
between the old-time “ quality’ and their negro depen-
dents. It is a most charming gift book, with pictures
that express the Southern type of beauty more ade-
quately than any other illustrator has managed to do.
Sixteen illustrations in color by Suzanne Gutherz and
about forty decorations by Cora E. Parker. Boxed.
$2.00.

Fiala, Anthony Fighting the Polar Ice
This book might almost be called a “‘ Guide to the North
Pole,’’ it shows so clearly what is necessary to accomp-
lish this greatest of allexploring feats. Itis the record
of two years spent above the 81st Parallel by the second
Ziegler expedition, and it is in many ways the most sig-
nificant book on the subject since Nansen’s. 105 very
remarkable illustrations, mostly from photographs by
the author; nineincolor. Uniform with The Opening
of Tibet. $4.18, postpaid.

Garland, Hamlin Witch’s Gold

Enlarged from the successful first edition of ‘The Spirit
of Sweetwater,” and entirely rewritten in the shape in
which the author first had itin mind. The story of a
man’s career in the West. Illustrated and decorated.

$1.50.

Hodges, Dr. George The Pursuit of Happiness
Uplifting essays on the attainment of happiness, dis-
cussing Termination, Regulation, Proportion, Vision,
Ministration and Religion. Frontispiece. 82 cents
postpaid.

Hopkins, William John The Airship Dragonfly

Here is an up-to-date story for children. It tells of three
youngsters who lose themselves in an airship, and their
thrilling experiences with a drowning man, some gen-
tlemanly smugglers, an almost human dog, two horses
which are wonderful in their way, an old Irish hostler,
and awhale. Illustrated. $1.37 postpaid.

Iles, George

Hulbert, Homer B. The Passing of Korea

The whole history of Korea from its earliest times, with
an exhaustive account of the manners, customs, and
“personality” of the country. Uniform with The Open-
ing of Tibet. $4.18, postpaid.

Inventors at Work
With Chapters on Discovery
Author of ‘‘ Flame, Electricity and the Camera.”’

A most interesting work which pictures great inventors
in their workshops and laboratories, told at first hand.
Twenty-four photographs. $2.75 postpaid.

Kipling, Rudyard Puck of Pook’s Hill

Mr. Kipling has again touched high water mark in
an entirely new kind of story. By his magic the
reader sees pass before him knights and robbers
and pirates in some of the most exciting events
in old English history. A more fascinating book, espec-
ially for young readers, would be hard to imagine. The
publishing event of the year. J\lustrated in color by
Arthur Rackham. $1.50.

Kipling, Rudyard They
This beautiful edition was prepared under the author’s
special supervision, in response to the ever-increasing
demand for a “permanent form.” ‘‘A most wonderful
piece of literature,” says the Louisville Courter Journal,
“and perhaps the greatest short story ever written.”
Illustrated in color by F. H. Townsend. $1.65, post-
paid.

Lee, Marian Confessions to a Heathen Idol

A volume of delightful humor and clever conversation
—the love-story of awoman of forty. Illustrated, $1.50.

Mabie, Hamilton W., Editor
Heroes Every Child Should Know

The ever-fascinating stories of heroes of ancient and
modern times—from Leonidas at Thermopyle to
Abraham Lincoln, the heroism of character as well as of
brave deeds. Decorated by B. Ostertag. Uniform
with “ Poems,” “Fairy Tales,” “Myths,” etc., “Every
Child Should Know.” $1.10, postpaid.

Mabie, Hamilton W., Editor
Legends Every Child Should Know

Contains the famous legends, such as “‘ Sleepy Hollow,”
etc., without a knowledge of which no child’s education
can be said to be complete. Decorated by B. Ostertag.
Uniform with “ Poems,” “ Fairy Tales,” “Myths,” etc.,
“Every Child Should Know.” $1.10, postpaid.

Michelson, Miriam Anthony Overman
Author of ‘‘In the Bishop’s Carriage,” etc.
A big seller—the story of a man’s love and a woman’s
“easy’’ conscience. ‘Intensely interesting,’ says the
San Francisco Bulletin. IWlustrated by John Cecil
Clay. $1.50

Novemper, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 168—c

Nesbit, E. The Incomplete Amorist | Richmond, Grace S. The Second Violin
Author of “The Wouldbegoods,”’ ete. Author of ‘‘ The Indifference of Juliet,” etc.
Ing The Incomplete Amorist, E. Nesbit sprnes to uints A charming book for girls with something of the flavor
front rank of entertaining novelists of the Barrie type. Of Migs Allcott’s perennial tales: a quiet but always
These are the words’ of The Boston Herald. Illustrated. absorbing account of the adventures of a family of

Third printing. $1.50. young people temporarily orphaned because of their
mother’s illness. Illustrated. $1.50.

Norris, Frank The Joyous Miracle
This little story of Christ is one of the most perfect things : :
ever written by the man whom many leading ae Wilcox, E. V. Farm Animals
thought liable to become our greatest American novel- Practical talks on Horses, Cows, Sheep, Swine, Poultry,
ist. It is very short, but we have undertaken to give Etc. A valuable book, and a real necessity to every
it a dress worthy of its literary quality. Frontispiece farmer. Fully illustrated. Uniform with “Cotton.”
in color by Herter. 80 cents, postpaid. $2.20, postpaid.

Last Season’s Best Books

Capen, Oliver Bronson Lancaster, G. B. The Spur
Country Homes of Famous Americans Author of ‘Sons 0’ Men.”
This sumptuous volume has perhaps the widest appeal Tells how Kin Severne, New Zealand sheep shearer and
of all Holiday offerings. It is beautiful, has real liter- | latent literary genius, sold his future to another man to
ary and historic value, is eminently readable—and for | get his chance in life. $r.so.
anyone interested in beautiful and homelike country |

places, it is unique. Introduction by Thos. Went-
worth Higginson. Superbly illustrated. $5.50, post- | Watson, James The Dog Book

paid.

Have you a dog? The “Dog Book” will tell you how
best to keep it. Do you hunt? You cannot find a bet-

Irving’s Rip Van Winkle ter guide in the matter of selection and training than in
Arthur Rackham, Illustrator this work. If you are interested in winning prizes, or if

Sumptuously Illustrated Holiday Edition. : Baye Ne “ é

EE ES re) OMSL GE the most. beau you are a special breeder, this is the book for you. Now
fully gotten-up books that we have seen is ‘Rip Van
Winkle’ with Mr. Arthur Rackham’s illustrations.”
Fifty iulustrations in full color. ($5.25 postpaid.) Price per part, $1.10; Complete, $12.00, Subscription.

complete in ten parts or two volumes. Illustrated

from photographs, paintings, and rare engravings.

EADERS in New
York and vicinity

are invited to visit our

library salesroom,where

all our publications,

magazines, books and
pictures can be exam-

ined, with no obligation

to purchase.

i]

Z ; Joboe Comvrmy une §) Tee Monin sone (2) Tur GARDEN

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE &Co. NEw Yorx.
133-137 EAST SIXTEENTH STREET

168-d THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NoOvEMBER, 1906

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
La for 1907

OU cannot afford to live another year without Whe

Garden Magazine, because it is essential in making

your garden successful and your grounds beautiful, and
it will contribute immeasureably to the pleasure of your table.
If you read it you are bound to have a better garden in
spite of yourself, and it may save you on vegetables alone
ten times the price of a years subscription.

The Garden Magazine for the next year will be marked
by the superb photographic illustrations that have placed it
head and shoulders above all other gardening periodicals.

The First ‘Tested’ Planting Tables

The Planting Tables have formed a conspicuous feature of Che Oarden Magazine.
They give explicit directions in condensed form at just the time you want them. In the great
Spring Planting Number—March, 1907—we shall issue the first “tested” planting table ever
published. These were completed and paid for a year ago and then we returned them to the
authors and asked them to plant everything according to their own directions in order to fill the
gaps and correct any possible errors. With these tables you can’t go wrong in your spring planting.

The “Quality Vegetables” Series

This is the first series of articles to focus the attention upon the quality from three points
of view heretofore absurdly separated, 1. é, varieties, cultivation and cooking.

The Little Monographs of Garden Crops

Che Garden Magazine has created a new type of horticultural literature in little
articles on various flowers, vegetables and fruits, such for instance as “All the Phlox Worth
Growing,” etc. These articles are the first to explain with the utmost clearness the comparative merits and limitations of all
the species worth growing in every large and complicated group. ‘They tell the real inside truth about the plants, as does the
whole magazine on every subject that it treats.

Complete Planting Plans

Che Garden MBagaszine was the first horticultural periodical to make a specialty of complete planting plans
which show exactly how to lay out city gardens or country places, what to plant, where to plant it, and how much every-
thing will cost. We have new and distinguished help in these intricate and perplexing home problems. The ordinary person can
never afford to employ a landscape gardener and all the great mass of writing on landscape gardening 1s utterly useless. ’ But
by patiently working month by month and explaining the points in landscape gardening that people really need to know, we
are getting nearer to solutions for small places. We have the intense gratification of knowing that many of these plans have —
been adopted by our readers, to their entire satisfaction.

Other Remarkable Features

Complete spraying calendar for the home garden, telling how to control every kind of insect enemy.

There will also be many articles on city roof gardens, vines, bulbs and winter flowers.

The April and October issues are Double Planting Numbers, which sell at 25 cents each, and alone are worth the
price of a year’s subscription. They are included in the regular subscniption without extra cost.

Price 10 Cents a Copy, $1.00 a Year.

| DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133-137 East 16th Street, New York City

JOVEMBER, 1906

Poultry
Amateurs

as well as professionals need
our valuable booklet, ** How to
Make Poultry Pay.’ Tells you
how to double egg production,
and why cut green bone will keep

our flock in perfect condition.

lain directions for the right care
and feeding. Freely yours for asking.

STEARNS
BONE CUTTER

Cuts green bone, meats and gristle fine
enough for youngest chicks. Runs easily and
rapidly. Self-clearing. Automatic feed. A
necessity to real poultry success. 80 daysfree
trial to prove increase in egg production.

*E. C. STEARNS & CO., Box 2, Syracuse, N. Y.

Needs no top or bottom boards. Is made of large wire—the
smallest being No. 14. All horizontals are high carbon, doubie
strength, spring steel wire, heavily galvanized to prevent rust-
ing. Expansion and contraction are provided for—all the hor-
izontals being coiled coil spring wire. It’s easily adjustable
to hilly surfaces —the coil does it. Stands up stiff, does not
sag, bag or buckle. Costs less erected than common nettings.
Looks better. Lasts such longer. Height,-4, 5
or 6 feet. If you need Poultry Fence, write us. ales!
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO. —=Res5
Box 832 Adrian, Mich,

- The Frog Book

An interesting and practical
work on ‘‘How to Breed,
Feed and Raise Frogs.’’
Sent postpaid for $1.00.

MEADOW EROOK FARM
Allendale, N. J.

(E1819) EAR ID IT IN| WON GAY, ION 18

169

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given.
Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GARDEN MaGaziNE, 133 E. 16th St , New York

14 pens competing.

| “9 GEDNEY FARM POULTRY YARDS

S. C. Buff Orpingtons
S. C. Black Minorcas

We breed our prize Winners and can sell you birds that will enable you to do the same.

Cornish Indian Games
White Wyandottes

At Madison Square Garden we won first and Club special on S. C. Buff Orpington pen—

Also third pullet—39 pullets in the class.

At Albany, N. Y., we made a clean sweep.
offered, except one third—64 Buffs competing. Also eight specials, including silver cup for best
display—all varieties competing.
the same show. Our Black Minorcas are bred for egg production and shown for exhibition only.
Stock and eggs for sale at right prices.

FRANK W. GAYLOR, Mer.,

Our Buff Orpingtons won every regular prize
On C. I. Games we won two ist, four 2d and three 3d at

Satisfaction guaranteed.
White Plains, N. Y.

Collie

purchasing a pup?
Harvale Farm Kennels

Instead of buying a pup
why not buy a female
collie, recently bred, and
rear a whole litter, at about the cost of

Midland Park, N.J.

Scottish Terriers

Offered as companions. Not
given to fighting or roaming—| ~
Best for children’s pets.
NEWCASTLE KENNELS
Brookline, Mass.

GOLD FISH

Plants, Etc.

pets.

Aquariums, Globes, Castles, Water
The most b-autiful,
least troublesome and longest lived
A book full of good information for the asking.

THE PIONEER AQUARIUM MFG. CO., RACINE, WIS.

Originators of all the
Orpington Fowls

WM. COOK & SONS

Box 33, Scotch Plains, New Jersey

(also of England and 8. Africa). st. 1873

lf you want the best Orpingtons, any of the ten
varieties, it is natural that you must send to us. their
inators, for them. Winners of over 8,500 cups and
prizes. Jargest winners wherever we show.
iY from the finest Orpingtons in the world,
EGGS $10 per setting; from exceptionally fine
stock, $5 per setting. All guaranteed.
Orpincron Pourrry JouRNAL, 5 cts.; yearly, 60 cts.
We have thousands of Orpingtons mated up.
Inspection of poultry farms cordially invited. Trains
met. Advice free.

No Cat Lover can attord to be wichout

The Pussy Magazine

The Cattarian will be sent for
three months to any person add-
ing five addresses of cat lovers to our
present catalogue of more
than 10,000.

10 c. a copy. $l. a year.
310 First St., S.E, Washington, D. C.

inducements to our readers who will help us.
will send you any number of these that you desire.

The Bookman says :
months have had such astonishingly large sales.”
IN THE FOREST. By MAXIMILIAN FOSTER
lives.

civilization, as none have had before.

IN HOSTILE RED. By J. A. ALTSHELER

that the book will make the most jaded victim of Coloniaphobia

ARMS AND THE WOMAN. By Haroip MacGRatTH

“«<« Arms and the Woman’ can best be s immed up as ‘a rattling good
story.’ Ithas fire and dash and humor. It is coustructed with a great deal of skill and dexterity.
It is an infinitely better stury in every way than many of the books which during the past eighteen

Nine tales of our large game animals, replete with all the dangers and vicissitudes of, their
These storics have the atmosphere of the trackless wilderness of primal nature far from

“ A novel fairly reeking with the Revolution and Washington: and the strange part of it is

Some Good Fall Reading for You Without Cost

E WANT to extend the subscription list of THE GARDEN MaGazine during the height of the Fall planting season and are willing to offer strong
@ We have some very attractive coin cards which will carry fifty cents securely through the mail.

We

You simply hand them to your friends who are interested in gardening or beautifying their country homes,

charm...

The Outlook says :
St. Lawrence toward the end of the 17th century. C ains
. from whence Longfellow and other story-tellers drew inspiration.”’

and when they are returned to us with 50 cents for a six months’ trial subscription we give you credit.
identification, so that you will get proper credit on every one returned.
ON EVERY TWO CARDS RETURNED, WE WILL SEND YOU FREE, CARRIAGE POSTPAID,

ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CHARMING NOVELS BY WELL-KNOWN AUTHORS

THE ROAD TO FRONTENAC. By SAMUEL MERWIN

“CA story of the most stirring adventure and most idyllic love along the

Each card that we send you is numbered for

‘The story contains much of that romantic

“A book warranted to make the reader sit up overtime to finish it.” —Book News.

THE BLACK TORTOISE. By FREDERIC VILLER

written.

“Considered as literature, ‘The Black Tortoise’ is probably the best detective story ever
It is a story that persons who would as soon take prussic acid as the ordinary detective

story, will not regret reading.”— Brooklyn Eagle.
“Mr. Viller has ingeniously woven a very pretty mystery, witha very cleverly contrived clue.

‘sit up.’ It is a rattling good

story, full of surprises, with an interest that never flags fora single page.’—WV. VY. World.
The volumes are standard novel size, printed on excellent paper and bound in brown cloth covers with decorative stamping.

we will send you the bocks.
many coin cards as you can use.

No reader will set aside the story until the denouement is reached.” —WV. VY. Times Sat. Review.
“ Far and away the best detective story that it has been our fortune to read.”’

—Nashville American.

If you want to pay the compliment to some of your friends of
sending THE GARDEN MaGaziné to them for six months, which
will include the important double Fall Planting Number and
the superb Christmas issue, enclose the money in the cards your-
self, or better, do not wait for the cards, but send it now and

We will gladly forward you as
The appended blank is for

your convenience, or a postal card will do.

| DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & CO.,

Please send me........---

133 East 16th St., New York.
coin cards with the understanding that on

each two cards returned for trial subscriptions to THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

| you will send me one of the novels mentioned.

,

170 48018, GARDEN MAG rT AZINE NoveMBeER, 1906

A DIRECTORY | | re \ ee, en , GENERATORS,

OF LIGHTING a — mere oO eee) |FIXTURES,
EQUIPMENT | |iiiiiige! seeez<-oPmmnmeBin por deme cea wel §| SUPPLIES, Etc.

IF YOU USE

ACE TYIegEe NE

We want to send you

A SAMPLE BRAY BURNER

The "Beto" Burner will produce a
greater amount of light than is possible
with any other Bumer ever made for

E issue a pamphlet, H 26,
showing a complete line of

Wood Pedestals |

that can be used inside the dwell-
ing or porch to support a lamp or
jardiniere of flowers, or on the lawn
asa support for a sundial. We
furnish these with or without the
dials as desired.

=

ere

Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co. Acetylene.
Mt. Vernon, N. Y. ios ae ae One "Beto" Burner will furnish suffi-
N. Y. Office, 1123 Broadway te Bray cient light to illuminate any room in an
also HENRY SANDERS CO. ordinary house.

Cor. Elston & Webster Aves., Chicago, Ill.

One "Beto" Burner will give as much light as
three ordinary Burners, and consumes but one-half
the amount of gas.

: Write us to-day, mention kind of generator used,
W HY MO PE P enclose 10 cents to cover postage and packing, and
: ‘ : we will send yu A SAMPLE BURNER.
Belinda will cheer you in
half a minute. W. M. CRANE COMPANY

CONCERNIN G Room No. 36, 1131-33 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
BELINDA

“THE “SOFT RADIANCE OF THE }

BECK-IDEN 22552

ITH several times the‘ illuminating power of city
gas or electricity, acetylene light is easy as daylight
to the eyes. ‘he new ‘“‘ Beck-Iden”’ is the _ perfect
acetylene Jamp. Simple, clean, without wick cr chimney,
cdorless and smokeless. It burns ten hours with one

By ELEANOR HoyT BRAINERD
filling, at a fuel cost of about one cent an hour. No other

Author of ‘‘The Misdemeanors of Nancy.”
light as good.

Made of brass and finely burnished, and finished in Second Printing. Illustrated, $1 50.
bronze. Height 16 inches from base to burner.

If your dealer does not have this lamp write us for com- COUNTRY LIFE "THE WoRLD's WORK ‘THe GARDEN
plete description. Write for booklet No rr. IN AMERICA FARMING MAGAZINE

ACETY LENE Lee CO., 50 University Place, New York
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

THE RADIAN NT

NASH GASOLINE ONepom | ACETYLENE GENERATOR

A PERFECT LIGHTING SYSIEM

“The Radiant Acetylene Generator with our patent dissolving

|
|

| process makes Acetylene lighting a perfect system for the country

ELEGERIC LIGHTS; for | | tome. Rusi?s PatcneDiecolvine Process fennatonly on the Radi-
PUMPING WATER and for the

ant, has solved the problem of heating and cocking with

Acetylene, and it is the cheapestartificial light known, combining

FIRE PROTECTION LUXURY and ECONOMY. It is simple and easy to operate.
The Radiant Generator is ABSOLUTELY AUTOMATIC and will

PRY OMES. lete plants installed. Send for catalogue. | tun for weeks or months without any care or attention, according

of COUNTRY HOMES. Complete plants) instalie i i & to the amount of light used. Write for illustrated booklet entitled,

NATIONAL METER CO. “Acetylene for the Home.”

Rush Acetylene Generator Company, 51 Bemis St., Canandaigua, N.Y.
84-86 Chambers Street

Chicago _ NEW YORK Boston

Are used extensively for furnishing

i REN AR SI

We are reserving a few copies of

H. RIDER HAGGARD S

marvelous tale of the return of
‘*SHE,”’ for the Holiday trade.

Send your order in advance.

A YVFESHA eae

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK
IN AMERICA FarRMING

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &Co. NEw YorK.

Is the dread San Jose or Cottony Maple Scale

Are Your Trees D ying ? sapping the life of your fruit and ornamental

————————————————— trees, hedges, etc., without your knowledge ?
If you are in doubt, send a twig to Department—, B. G. Pratt Co., igeutreennne Chemists, | 1
Broadway, New York, and our expert will quickly tell you. If it is any of the soft bodied insects

that attack plant life, ¢ ¢ 99
there is nothing as
effective, cheap or
as easy to apply as

"Special Offer

To Garden Magazine
Readers.

I want my new ca/alogute
of beaulifiu’ pictures in
color to get into every home,
and to give you an idea of
the high character of my
line of oil anil water color pictures—suitable for every purpoce [framing, oil and water color painting and china decoration}]—I will send to any address for
only 33 z21's te 1°22 tly pizicts, ivcolor, she viviivetrs tlye-tisement—Roses by Paul de Longpré; Piggies in clover and Magnificent Study of Fruit each 10x35 inches. Any two for 25 cents. These three studies alone sell for
$1.50. My new 36 page GTEC illustrates hundreds of subjects and will be sent anywhere on request, Sendnow, All orders filled same day as received.

W. A. OERTEL, Art Publisher, 152 Bleecker Street, New York.

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

NovemBer, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 171

NOVEMBER, 1906

| COVER DESIGN—A Trained Specimen Chrysanthemum Plant See ey Ae ee eh, Ss 8 SPIE ge, lor is a oe Oe ne i INE, 1k; Graves

yi PAGE PAGE

| Mae GARDENER’S REMINDER - - - - - - - - - - 1973 Muvico Your Harpy BoRDERS AND BULB BEDS IN

| Gerrmnvc Reapy FoR WINTER .- - - - - WN.R.Graves 174 NOME eta aaa honey Nee Graves “100
Photographs by the author and H. E. Angell

An EXCELLENT WAY OF HANDLING BULBS FOR FORCING -

WanTeR Work Acainst INsEcts - - - E. D. Sanderson 178 ay .
| Photographs by the author Marcia E. Hale 198
THE Best BouaTIC BUANTS = o> = CH. S. Conard 180 Kitt THE CUTWORMS IN THE GREENHOUSE - - Wm. Scott 200
otographs by the author, H. E. Angell, and others
| FRESH VEGETABLES ALL WINTER - - - Ejfie M. Barron 183 Makinc SOUTHERN LAWNS - - - - - Robert A. Wrench 202
Photographs by the author, E. D. Darlington, and others Photograph by the author
| Tue Two Best TALL Litres ror NovEMBER PLANTING — - T S ae
A. Herrington 187 HE SOUTHERNER’S MENIDIR 2 = ee (ss ses jos 204
Photographs by the author and Vermont Experiment Station
_ Burss AND PERENNIALS FOR NOVEMBER PLANTING - - A SPECIMEN CHRYSANTHEMUM - - - - - - - = - - 204
Harold Clark 188 ANSWERS: TO QUDNDS = = = = = 595 & S Ve aes ae F76K5)
Photographs by N. R. Graves and H. Troth
| Rarsine MouRSI OWN “lbumtes = =) =:- Luke J. Doogie 190 PERGONAL IDSC = <« = S = s 2 = = Ss & « 21
§ 9 4
Photographs by the author
THe Lity OF THE VALLEY AS A HOUSE PLANT ae Sow1nG ICELAND POPPIES IN NOVEMBER - - Louise Shaw 214
§ 7 .
| Clarence M. Weed 192 Lettuce iv Marcy Wirsout Artiriciat Heat Louise Shaw 214

ft Photographs by the author
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172 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NoOvEMBER, 1906

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e Garden Magazine

VoL. IV.—No. 4

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

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Before November First, if Possible
pest all your hardy bulbs both for
indoor and outdoor bloom. They
deteriorate every day after November 1sth.
It is safe and wise to plant all hardy
deciduous trees and shrubs except mag-
nolias and a few others until the ground
freezes hard. If there is any danger your
nurseryman will notify you.

Plant fruit trees and berry bushes before
November rsth and avoid the spring rush.
Take no risk on peaches or blackberries.

The fall is the best time to plant lily
bulbs, but many do not arrive until Novem-
ber. Heap manure on the proposed lily
beds now and you will have unfrozen ground
in which to plant the bulbs.

The best of the tall Japanese lilies has
at last come down in price so that everyone
can afford to try it this year. Lilium Henryi
is an orange flower of the turk’s cap type.
It is one of the four hardiest and most per-
manent lilies, and you can work up a good
stock of it at home.

Try the best tall red lily, our native
Lilium superbum. It grows taller thana
man and bears twenty or thirty flowers. in
a pyramidal panicle.

Three of the twelve most gorgeous peren-
nials are the Japanese and German iris and

phlox. You can plant them anytime before
the ground freezes. They are as hardy as
a rock.

Plant some hardy ferns in that dark,
narrow passageway near the house where
no flowers will grow.

November is the great month for starting
mushroom beds, because mushrooms are
most appreciated in early winter. Try the
American-grown spawn.

Christmas roses bloom outdoors as far
north as New York anytime from Novem-
ber to February. Plant the roots as soon as
you can get them from the bulb dealers.
They may give a few flowers this winter
but it takes two or three years to get a big
show.

The only time you can form an intelligent
opinion about chrysanthemums is from

NOVEMBER, 1906

‘October 15th to November 15th. Go to a

good chrysanthemum show, note the varie-
ties you want, and order them now for spring
delivery. Otherwise you run the risk of
‘substitution’? and objectionable colors.

EVEN AFTER NOVEMBER I0TH

Eyen as late as December rst it is better to
plant bulbs for indoor bloom, rather than have
ro home-grown winter flowers. The large
bulbs, for example, tulips, daffodils, hya-
cinths, and sacred lilies do not deteriorate
as fast as the small ones. Ask for bulbs
that have been kept in cold storage. If they
are soft and shriveled send them back.
Plant only hard bulbs.

You can have home-grown Roman hya-
cinths in bloom on your Christmas dinner
table if you pot the bulbs before November
15th. Why not start some now in sand and
water for Christmas presents? Only six
weeks from bulb to flower.

Another way to put personality into your
Christmas gifts is to grow a lot of Chinese
sacred lilies for your friends. Start them
now in bowls of water and you will enjoy
two pleasures—growing the flowers and
giving them away.

The best rose for Christmas bloom in the
ordinary home is the Baby Rambler. In
November you can buy from the florist a
plant loaded with buds and have the pleas-
ure of watching it come into flower as the
Christmas season approaches.

Wholly aside from the ordinary fall-
planted bulbs, there are seven kinds that
ought to be planted in November for indoor
bloom. Read page 188.

HOW TO HAVE PLEASANT GARDEN THOUGHTS
ALL WINTER

Read Mrs. Barron’s article, make a stor-
age room for vegetables, fill it with good
things to eat, and keep it so neatly that you
can show it to your friends with pride.

There is a powerful satisfaction in killing
insects by the simple, cheap, and whole-
sale methods described by Professor San-
derson.

What a joy it is to know that all one’s
trees, shrubs, and fruits are in good shape
for the winter. ‘‘Come on with your cold!”
cry the tea roses. “Our master read Mr.
Graves’ article. Do you not see our snug
overcoats 2?”

Make a window garden or miniature
conservatory, costing less than $50, take
good pictures and you may be able to sell
your account of it to the GARDEN MaGazINE
for enough to pay expenses. Thousands of
people have good window gardens but no
one ever writes us about them.

The best white-flowered narcissus for

ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
TEN CENTS A COPY

winter bloom in the house is the Paper
White. You can have these lovely flowers
every day from Christmas to Easter if you
pot the bulbs before November rst. Even
after November 15th they are worth plant-
ing for bloom in February and March.

During the forepart of the month bring
in the pots of lilies (Lilium longiflorum and
its var. eximium, known in the trade as
L. Harrisii) which you intend to have in
flower at Easter. A temperature of 50° or
55° will suit them best. About the middle
of November bring into heat such pots of
Roman hyacinths, Chinese sacred lilies, poly-
anthus narcissus, and Duc van Thol tulips
as you wish for Christmas bloom.

OUTDOOR WORK ON PLEASANT DAYS

Make a compost heap! This is the best
time to make it, because the grass is dead.
Get sod about three inches thick from an
old field or pasture and pile them up in
layers, the grass side dawn. Between the
layers of sod put a layer of cow manure,
using about one part of manure to three of
sods. If turned over a couple of times
during the winter this will make the best
soil for potting plants.

Cut pine or hemlock boughs now to
cover the rhododendrons. Arrange these
boughs so that the plants will be protected
from the sun and the drying winds.

Gather all the leaves possible!
burn a single one.

Put a 4-inch mulch on the rhododendron
bed and do not remove it next spring, either.
This is one of the little details which makes
or mars your rhododendrons.

Pile some of these leaves near your bulb
beds but do not cover the beds with them
until there is an inch or two of frost in the
ground. Never mind if you don’t get it on
till Christmas, but. get it on before snow
covers the ground. Bank up your cold-
frames with them. With leaves around the
frame, straw mats and shutters over the
glass, and sometimes a dash of hay or straw
on extra cold nights, it is possible to keep
the frost out of your frame all winter.

Put the leaves which cannot be used
for these purposes into leafmold as de-
scribed in the October GARDEN MaGazINne,
page Iso.

Cover strawberries two inches deep with
hay or straw, not this year’s autumn leaves.

Cut off asparagus tops and burn them,
berries and all, as the seeds may sprout
where they are not wanted. Mulch with
two or three inches of rough manure.

Plow the garden, if practicable, and turn
under all the manure you can get.

Burn all weeds, so that they may not come
up next year.

Do not

No danger of losing ninety per cent. here!
and hybrid teas will bloom here.

Getting Ready for the Winter—By N. R. Graves,

All next summer and fall these teas
Mr. George Eastman’s, Rochester

shiver.

In front yards or on lawns wrapped rose bushes look unsightly and seem to
In these secluded, sheltered gardens they look neat and snug

Rochester,
Nowe

THE CHEAPEST WAY OF INSURING ALL YOUR PLANTS AGAINST WINTER KILLING—PRECAUTIONS THAT EVERY ONE
SHOULD TAKE—HOW TO GROW SOME OF THE CHOICEST PLANTS OF WARMER CLIMES WITHOUT A GREENHOUSE

| Bese is no such thing as an “‘abso-

lutely hardy” plant. Even plants,
native to the arctic regions, like the Iceland
poppy, will sometimes winter-kill. | Every
tree, shrub, and perennial that you have
bought and planted this fall is “tender” to
this extent—you ought to mulch it the first
winter. After that it becomes ‘“estab-
lished.”? But even then you ought to mulch
every single plant you grow—the straw-
berry bed, the hardy border, and even your
tall old trees and shrubs.

The reason for this is that the mulch
tends to prevent the alternate freezing and
thawing, which does more damage than
zero weather, because the contraction and

expansion breaks the roots of plants, espe-
cially shallow-rooted ones like strawberries.
Mulching is the cheapest form of insurance
against winter-killing. Everybody can and
ought to practise it.

The time to put on this mulch is a few
days after the ground has frozen to the
depth of an inch or so for the first time. If
you do it before, the field mice will nest in
the mulch and eat your bulbs. Besides,
the object of the mulch, as a rule, is not to
keep the frost out, as most people imagine,
but to keep the frost iz. This it fails to do
in the mildest winters, and that is why the
mildest winters are so deadly. A mulch
cannot keep the mercury from being in the

seventies for three or four days in January
or protect everything from a drop to zero on
the next day. But it puts the brakes on
both processes and, therefore, we cannot
afford to be without it.

The best mulch, as a rule, is straw that
has some manure in it, because then you
feed your plants and there is not a tree or
shrub which will not do better for you if
you give it a top-dressing every year. But
good manure usually is hard and costly to
get and it is not essential for winter pro-
tection. Any kind of litter will do, with
two exceptions. Don’t use anything that
has weed seeds in it or you will multiply
trouble for yourself. And don’t use autumn

Tie and trim straw before putting over

Distribute evenly. Tie with twine every foot

Wrap well at base. Tie low down

ONE WAY OF PUTTING ON A STRAW OVERCOAT

174

1. Bring together the canes

leaves of soft-wooded trees, e. g. poplars,
horse-chestnut, and soft maple, for they will
pack down and smother the plants and
create that settled dampness which is favor-
able for the spread of fungous diseases.

Save every scrap of clean straw and litter
on the place. This autumn’s leaves can be
safely used only in the case of oaks and hard
maples.

HOW TO PROTECT ROSES

The one thing everybody wants to have
is a lot of tea roses or hybrid teas, because
of their lovely form and their habit of bloom-
ing intermittently through the summer and

2. Tie with raffia about every foot

fall. But alas! they are not hardy enough,
unless one pays an extra price and gets
“budded roses,’ i. e. roses that have been
propagated outdoors instead of in the green-
house. You cannot have these lovely
roses unless you give them “straw over-
coats.” Even the common garden roses,
or “hybrid perpetuals,” ought to have such
protection north of Rochester.

There are two ways of making a straw
overcoat, both of which are illustrated by
a complete series of photographs on this
and the preceeding page.

When the bushes are small, or you have
a great many, loosen the soil about roots

yy
LI
: sit A

3. Arrange straw and tie at top

slightly, then bend over the plants and cover
with about four inches of soil. The late
George H. Ellwanger, who had one of the
largest and best collections of standard, tea
and hybrid tea roses in western New York,
and was most successful in their cultivation,
always used this method with the addition
of a A-shaped covering made of two boards
nailed together, and placed over the plant,
to shed the water.

The old way of bending the bush over,
staking down, and covering with leaves,
manure, straw, or old carpet, has the disad-
vantage of affording attractive winter quar-
ters for mice and other rodents, which, if

4. Wrap with twine. Tie every eight inches

Tie low down

5. Pack well around base.

HOW TO PUT A STRAW OVERCOAT ON A ROSE BUSH—TOLD

175

6. Cut off top and job is done

IN SIX PHOTOGRAPHS

A small evergreen before wrapping. English yew
they are not watched closely, will destroy
every bush in a short time. When cover-
ing any choice plants in this way scatter a
handful of poisoned corn or grain in the
mulch.

MATERIALS THAT COST NOTHING

I-mpty flour barrels and boxes are often
used for covering shrubs. If you have
these materials, first bank up the shrub
well with good dry leaves, and, after placing
the box or barrel, bank this also outside with
manure to keep out the frost. If the barrel
is in an exposed position anchor it with
stakes and wires.

Old grain sacks are sometimes used, being
put over the shrubs, tied in place, and then
banked up with leaves or manure.

Eulalias and other ornamental . grasses
are often used in place of straw, to wrap rose
and other bushes if they are where the sun

First stand up boughs around the bush

will strike them or in positions exposed to
cold, bleak winds.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE FOR EVIERGREENS

All evergreens suffer in winter from warm
weather and drying winds, which cause their
leaves to evaporate moisture faster than it
can be supplied by the roots, which may be
in frozen ground. The yellow color of
evergreens in winter is usually a sign of
distress, and bronzing is a sign of imperfect
hardiness or of willingness to drop the
leaves for a while in order to withstand the
winter. The best way to protect rare and
costly evergreens is to plant them behind
a windbreak or amid a group of other trees.
The prevailing winter wind is usually from
the northwest. All conifers, whether hardy
or not, are glad to be mulched with eight or
ten inches of leaves or coarse manure.

Everybody wants to grow the English

Then lay boughs around the base

yew and Irish juniper because of their his-
torical and sentimental value and because
there is nothing quite like them, but thou-
sands of these small conifers perish every
year for the lack of a few minutes’ work on
each. Simply gather up the branches rather
closely, tie them with strong twine, then
cover them with evergreen boughs and tie
with heavy cord. All you need to do to
the Canadian or trailing yew is place a few
evergreen boughs over it.

WHEN TO USE A WIND SHIELD

When an evergreen is so large that the
preceding method cannot be used it pays to
use a wind shield for newly planted trees
and those of doubtful hardiness, especially
in exposed situations. A wind shield may
be made in the cheapest way, e. g. of rough
hemlock boards and two-by-fours, eight feet
at least in width, and tall enough to shade

Next put boughs on top

HOW TO PROTECT A SMALL EVERGREEN—TOLD IN SIX PICTURES

Now pass a rope around the whole

176

Job done

Tighten and tie the rope.
ON THIS PAGE

A wind and sun shield for large evergreens. Only

for very exposed positions

the tree well. This is set up closely to the
tree on the side exposed to the southeast,
and firmly braced. A few evergreen boughs
may then be banked against the tree on the
exposed sides. A better way is to use two
of these shields, in the shape of a right
angle, with the apex pointing to the south-

A common way of protecting rhododendrons from
winter sunshine. Simply stand evergreen boughs
among them

east. This, with the evergreen boughs, will
usually be found to be sufficient, but I have
seen three used on a very choice tree.

A wind shield enables us to grow choice trees of
warmer climes without a greenhouse

By using these wind shields every winter,
one may grow the following evergreens, which
are among the most famous and desirable
species of warmer climes:

Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus Libani) the
deodar (Cedrus Deodara), the Himalayan
spruce (Picea Smithiana, or Morinda),
Bhotan pine, (Pinus excelsa), Sabines pine
(Pinus Sabiniana), Coulter’s pine (Pinus
Coultert), Spanish silver fir (Abies Pinsa po),
Lawson’s cypress (Cupressus Lawsoniana).

Some tall conifers, like the Chinese arbor-
vite, are perfectly hardy, but are so formed
as to break under heavy loads of snow.
These may be simply tied in.

BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS

Rhododendrons, laurel, etc., are called
“‘broad-leaved evergreens,’ as opposed to
conifers or narrow-leaved evergreens, such as
pines. As they present a much _ larger
evaporating surface than the conifers it is
absolutely imperative that all of them be
protected from winter winds and sunshine
in the Northern States.

Here in Rochester where Mr. John Dun-
bar gives them perfectly drained soil, with
two and one-half feet of peat, and a situa-
tion that is naturally protected from north-
west winds, all they need in the way of
winter protection is a thick mulch of oak
leaves. If, however, the beds have not

An unsuccessful and unsightly attempt to protect a
rare tree

been so prepared, you would better mulch
them and then cut some long evergreen
boughs, stand them up among the rhododen-
drons and lay some over the leaf mulch.
The shrew mole burrows under the leaf
mulch of rhododendrons and even in the
peat. It gnaws the bark off the roots and

Easiest way to Keep frost out of ground. Heap
eight inches of well rotted manure over plant. Ber=
berts dulcis, a South American barberry

eats the auratum lilies which make such a
splendid show in rhododendron beds. The
only way to “fix” him is by using plenty of
poisoned grain.

The Chinese arborvitae does not shed snow well,
and branches break. Tie them in

A way to utilize home resources.
and bag your tender roses

177

Save old burlaps Precious old box trees protected from winter Killing

by the use of cornstalKs

Do you want your shade trees defoliated next
summer? Now’s the time to Kill the rusty tussock
moth by the hundred. Burn these leaves

‘Winter Work

Turn out every pleasant day this month, and
scrape off all that rough bark on your apple trees,
so the insects can’t hide under it all winter

Against Insects—By E.

Look out for the brown tail moth! Prune off the
webs now, and burn them, The caterpillars shed
barbed hairs, and are a public nuisance

DD. Sandetsonyesees

CHEAP WAYS OF DESTROYING THEM WHOLESALE ON PLEASANT WINTER DAYS, ESPECIALLY THE BROWN-TAIL
MOTH, A PUBLIC NUISANCE WHICH AUTOMOBILES ARE CARRYING FROM NEW ENGLAND TO NEIGHBORING STATES

F A FEW of the warm, bright days dur-
ing the winter months are spent in
cleaning up the orchard much of the injury
which may be done by insect pests next season
can be forestalled.

First scrape the old bark from the trees,
especially from the apples trees, for their scaly
bark harbors a host of insects. Under the
bark may be found cocoons of the codling

See these cocoons of caterpillars hidden under the
rough bark of a tree a

moth containing full grown caterpillars,
unless some friendly woodpecker has drilled
into their retreat and extracted the morsels.
Cocoons of many other of the common cater-
pillars which feed upon the foliage are safely
hidden beneath the bark, particularly at the
base of the tree. For this work nothing is
better than a good sharp hoe, though special
“tree-scrapers” are made for the purpose.
The tree needs the old dead bark removed
as much as a horse does a currying, and it
will respond equally well to good care.
There is no danger in scraping off the old
bark, so long as one does not dig into the
living green tissue of the under bark. With
the dead bark will be removed most of the
eggs of the fall-canker worms on old neg-
lected trees where that insect may occur.

After scraping the trunks of the apple trees
it is well to wash them down with a strong
soap or lye solution which will make a clean
smooth bark. A rough bark is an invitation
to all manner of borers, and trees well cared
for are much less affected.

The holes caused by the decaying dead
limbs or a large hole in the crotch of an old
tree may harbor dozens of pup of such pests
as the fall web worm. Clean out these holes
and fill them with clay or cement. If the
tree is worth standing room in the orchard
it is worth that much attention and even if

it be of little value itself, there is no reason

why it should be allowed to stand as a refuge
for the pests of the orchard.

The ring-like egg masses of the tent cater-
pillar can be readily seen by scanning the
tips of the apple twigs. Pruning them off

178

now is much easier than destroying the webs
after the eggs have hatched.

The white egg masses of the tussock moths
may also be found on the bark or dead leaves.

Look over your apple trees now, and you'll find
these shiny egg masses of the tent caterpillar. Easy
to see now and to cut off and burn

NovEMBER, 1906

That old hole probably holds dozens of fall web worms in the pupa state.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

cement. Every hole in a tree is a disgrace

Those of the white-marked tussock moth
are covered with a white frothy mass, while
those of the rusty tussock moth are laid upon
a leaf in a single layer with no covering.
They are particularly common on plum trees.
The caterpillars of the tussock moths, with
their long, black, horn-like pencils of black
hairs projecting from the head and a tail-
like brush at the tip of the abdomen, are
among the most striking of the insect in-
habitants of the orchard. Along the back are
four thick tufts or brushes of white hairs from
which the white-marked tussock moth secures
its name and just a little back of these are
two bright coral-red tubercles. Unfor-
tunately, many of the hairs of these cater-
pillars are barbed and when falling on a
sensitive skin produce an annoying irritation
similar to that caused by the brown-tail moth
of New England, and to which the tussock
moths are first cousins, Often the tussock
moths become so abundant on the shade trees
of our eastern cities as seriously to defoliate
them in midsummer, so that they should be
combated on shade as well as orchard trees.

Dangling from the twigs of young trees are
the twisted cases of the apple leaf-crumpler,
which often does considerable injury to the
young foliage. Each contains a small cater-
pillar resting preparatory to its depredations
of the next spring. Pick them off and burn.
Burn all the prunings from trees, young and
old, for the eggs and winter cases of many
small insects which would escape the un-
trained eye, such as plant lice eggs and the
cases of the pistol case-bearer, occur upon
them.

All dead or diseased wood should be cut
out and burned as it harbors many of the
small bark beetles such as the fruit-tree bark
beetle, also known as the shot-hole borer
from the fact that its work looks as if the limb
had been hit with a charge of bird shot.
Paint or wax over any stubs or cuts left upon
the trees in pruning, for otherwise decay
will set in and a ready entrance for borers
permitted.

In New England the webs of the dreaded
brown-tail moth should be pruned off and
burned and as this pest is readily transported,

Winter cases of the apple leaf crumpler

Clean it out, and fill it with

179

it will be well to be on the lookout for it in
other eastern states. The brown-tail moth now
occurs in Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
and Maine, and before long will appear in
New York and New Jersey. As automobiles
are known to have carried the gypsy moth
caterpillars for sixty miles northward it
would not be surprising if those from neigh-
boring states which tour New England in
summer should carry the brown-tail cater-
pillars south or westward.

Often when plant lice have been abundant
in an orchard the previous season or on
melons or other vegetables near by, large
numbers of the well-known little black-
spotted red ladybird beetles will be found
keeping each other warm beneath the bark
or in a hollow at the base of a tree. Do not
disturb them, if possible, for they destroy
large numbers of plant lice and other small
soft-bodied insects and should be protected.

Occasionally under bark or on a twig will be
found a fluffy cottony mass, which if torn
open will be found to contain numerous
small white egg-like cocoons of the finest and
whitest silk. These are the cocoons of small
parasitic flies which lay their eggs upon vari-
ous caterpillars and whose maggots live
within the caterpillars, eventually killing
them. During the winter and often in sum-
mer they are found in these cocoons, some-
times under an old shingle or board lying
in the orchard. ‘They too should be recog-
nized as friends and not destroyed, for if
we do not protect our insect friends we may
sometimes do more harm than good in our
indiscriminate ‘slaughter of the innocents.”

Destroying one insect ‘‘in time” will not
only” save nine” as goes the old saying, but
even hundreds. Hence the value of this
winter work.

Collect and destroy now these frothy egg masses of the white tussock moth, or the caterpillars may eat
all the leaves off your fruit and shade trees

1. Ferns as a border for a shady pond.

The Best Aquatic Plants—By Henry S. Conard,

How much better than the hard,
straight shore line that is commonly allowed to show!

2. PickKerel weed at its best, showing how well this common native plant looks
in cultivation. Flowers pale blue. Pontederta cordata.

Needs checking occasionally

Johns Hopkins
University

THE SHOWIEST AND MOST INTERESTING WATER PLANTS OUTSIDE THE TRUE WATER LILIES—THE GORGEOUS
LOTUSES, THE STATELY PAPYRUS, THE CURIOUS WATER HYACINTHS, AND THE BRILLIANT YELLOW WATER POPPY

ING more stately plants adorn our gar-
dens than the lotuses. Their great, cir-
cular peltate leaves stand three or four feet
above the water on stiff slender stocks.
The leaf is often a little funnel-shaped, so
that it catches the rain in a silvery pool at the
centre. The surface is never wetted. Then,
as the leaves bow before a breath of wind,
each empties its cup of water into the
pond. The flowers stand as high as, or
higher, than the leaves. They are eight to
twelve inches across, with many broad
petals which stand out in all directions.
The American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) is
native from New Jersey to Ontario, Minne-
sota, and Texas. I have gathered leaves
larger around than a wash tub and flowers

3. A ‘‘floating-heart’” that resembles the water poppy

but has smaller flowers. (Limnocharis nymphoides)

fully ten inches in diameter. The flower is
creamy white or of a very pale yellow. It is
not a vigorous plant in cultivation, but will
do nicely if kept free from competition. It
is quickly crowded out by its cousin, the pink
or Indian lotus (often and wrongly called
Egyptian lotus, Nelumbo nucifera), known
to dealers as Nelumbium speciosum.

The last named species resembles the
former in all respects, except color of flower
and vigor of growth. The flowers of the

4. Bur-reeds have interesting, brownish, globular,

bur-lixe heads. For edges of ponds. Native. (Spar-

ganium eurycarpum)

latter are larger than those of the former,
and each petal is tipped with rosy pink. At
the centre of the flower is a big yellow
receptacle like an inverted cone, surrounded
by innumerable yellow stamens. These
great blossoms are among the noblest
products of the vegetable world. They
fairly glow in the morning sunshine. In
180

grace, dignity, and repose they are not
equalled. No wonder they figure sym-
bolically in the ever-repeated Buddhist
prayer, “Om! mani padme hum!”—“O!
the jewel in the lotus-flower.”

The pink lotus is perfectly hardy at New

5. Parrot’s feather, a finely cut plant for decorating
vases in formal water gardens. Tender

York. It once grew in great profusion in
a mill dam at Bordentown, N. J., where
it was introduced by E. D. Sturtevant.
The roots must be protected from freezing
by means of litter or a sufficient depth of
water.

Several varieties of the pink lotus have
been produced in Japan, and are also
available here. Rosea has deep rose-col-
ored petals; there is also a double form of
this. Shiroman is a nearly white, very
double form. Kinshiren is also very double,
and is of medium stature and free flowering.
With this last kind I once had good success
in growing it in a half barrel. It produced
three flowers the first year, but I failed to
get it through the winter alive.

Lotuses grow by long rootstocks, which

NovEMBER, 1906

may run as much as forty feet in a
season! They should be planted in very
rich earth, under four to twelve inches of
water. The bed should be well closed in
by boards or a wall. Each year give the
bed a good top-dressing of rotted manure.
At intervals of three to five years the bed
should be dug over and the plants reset.
In autumn each rhizome produces one or
more long tubers, much the shape and size
of a banana. These are the parts to trans-
plant. They are moved in the spring when
they are starting to grow, say about the
first of May. Some of the Japanese lotuses
are less hardy than others, but none stand
the winters as well as the pure species—
N. lutea and N. nucifera.

THE STATELIEST AQUATIC ‘‘GRASS”’

It is no wonder that the plant from which
the ancients made their papyrus figured so
prominently in Egyptian sculpture, for it is
the stateliest “grass”? in the world. (It is
really a sedge.) This Egyptian paper plant
(Cyperus Papyrus) is known to dealers in
greenhouse plants as Papyrus Antiquorum.

It grows with its roots just submerged,
and sends up stalks four to six feet high,
with a tuft of fine grass-like leaves a foot
long at the top of each stalk. It is like a
huge umbrella-plant with extremely fine
leaves. From long association it seems to
belong beside the pink lotus. Being tender,
it is grown in tubs. In autumn these are
taken up after the first frost. The plants
may be kept growing in a warm, well-
lighted tank, or they may be stored in a
cool place, provided they are kept wet.
The papyrus needs no season of rest, and
produces inconspicuous flowers.

There is a large kind of umbrella-plant
{Cyperus alternifolius) which grows like the
Papyrus and receives the same treatment.
It is wholly a foliage plant. The common,
little umbrella-plant of our houses (Cyperus
alternifolius, var. gracilis) will also do
equally well in the water garden. It is
very easily propagated by division of the
roots, or by planting the “umbrella” part
of a leaf, with the stem cut off, in wet
earth or in water. There are several vari-
eties of this, differing in stature and in
fineness of leaf.

From Florida comes another tall plant,
Thalia divaricata, which deserves notice.
It has broad, oval leaves a foot long. In
character they resemble canna leaves, but
they are borne on long stalks two feet above
the water. The insignificant flowers come
in open panicles on tall wand-like stems.
The plant has a loose, easy, picturesque
appearance. It grows about six feet tall,
and will flourish well in a tub the size of a
half barrel. It is wintered in a warm tank,
or half dry, in a cool house.

THE WATER HYACINTHS

Of the plants necessary for the water
garden, I should place next to the lotus the
water hyacinth (Hichhornia speciosa). It
makes dense beds of dark green foliage
from which project large spikes of rich violet
flowers. The plart floats freely on the

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

181

6. Water clover (Marsilea quadrifolia), a hardy, native plant that never flowers, but is worth growing

surface of the water, or the roots will gladly
catch in the mud. I have seen it do equally
well in one inch or in two feet of water.
The leaves are from three to five inches in
diameter, on stalks two to eight inches tall.
The floating plants keep themselves up by
making a big swollen air-tissue at the base
of each leaf stalk, while rooted plants have
taller and more slender stalks. The spikes
are four to eight inches long, with closely
set flowers, each two inches or more in
diameter. The upper petal is larger than
the others and has a bright yellow eye or
spot.

The water hyacinth spreads very rapidly,

‘but may be easily kept in place by a floating

wooden pen. Nail together some sticks or
barrel hoops in the desired size and shape.
They will float naturally, but should be
fastened to stone anchors or to stakes driven
into the bottom of the pond. The plant is
tender and must be wintered in a warm
tank.

THE BRILLIANT YELLOW WATER POPPY

The next plant which every one should
have in his water garden is the water poppy
(Limnocharis Humboldtii). I plant it in
earth at the edge of the pond, or in a tub
supported on stones in the deeper water, so

7. The showiest of aquatic plants outside the water lilies and victoria.

The so-called “Egyptian” lotus

182

EAs,

8. The water poppy (Limnocharis Humboldtii).

as to bring the roots near the surface. It
sends out copious runners, two or three feet
long, on which are many round, dark green
leaves, about twice as big as a dollar Over
and among the shiny foliage rise innu-
merable brilliant yellow flowers as big as
the leaves. They look a good deal like
California poppies (Eschscholzia). Each
flower lasts only one day, but the succession
is never failing. I have hada dozen flowers
at a time in one corner of a 4-foot tank.
The water poppy is tender and must be
kept growing throughout the winter in
a warm tank.

SOME. FASCINATING SUBMERGED PLANTS

Not a little beauty is added to the water

garden by wholly, or almost wholly, sub-
merged plants. What is more fascinating
than to look down through crystal waters
into waving tufts of green and purple foliage,
fanned by the lithe movements of orna-
mental fishes? Nearly all submerged leaves
are divided into thread-like lobes. So it
is with the cabomba (C. Caroliniana).
This makes luxuriant green plumes, growing
in great bunches one to two feet long. It

Brilliant lemon colored flowers, 24 inches across

is hardy in two feet of water at Philadelphia,
and grows wild near Washington, D. C.
It is the commonest plant sold _ for
aquaria.

The bladderworts are also beautiful for
under-water effects, especially the purple
one (Utricularia purpurea). It grows in
big loose tufts, extremely soft and fine.
Each leaf bears a number of tiny bladders,
which catch small insects for the nourish-
ment of the plant. I have never seen this
species in cultivation. The common blad-
derwort (U. vulgaris) and the inflated blad-
derwort (U. inflata) float freely in the water,
usually near or at the surface. They have
yellow flowers. All of the aquatic bladder-
worts require very still water, either in
summer or winter.

FOR BORDERING PONDS

A good foliage plant for the border and
for the decoration of vases and aquaria is
the parrot’s feather (Myriophyllum proser-
pinacoides). It grows in slender feathery
plumes. The leaves are very many, finely
divided, and arranged on all sides of the
stem. It grows rooted in earth at the edge

GARDEN MAGAZINE

NOVEMBER, 1906

of the pond, and spreads out in a broad
feathery cushion of bright green. In au-
tumn take in a few sprigs and put the ends
in a bottle of water. It will grow all winter
like an “air-plant” without earth, but will
do better with some soil in the bottle. I
know a shallow, sheltered pond of spring
water near Philadelphia where it lives out
of doors from year to year.

We may also have along the margin of
the pond species of Marsilea. It is a water-
fern, but does not resemble any other fern.
The leaves float or stand erect and look like
four-leaved clovers. It is a nice, harmless
little thing. The European Marsilea (M.
quadrifolia) is quite hardy in New England.

A really fern-like water-fern is the horn fern
(Cerato pteris thalictroides). It is well known in
European botanical gardens, but is rarely
seen in America. The sterile leaves are
divided into many small oval segments,
making a feathery light green frond ten
or fifteen inches high. When one of these
leaves falls over into the water, a young
plant springs from every axil and cleft.
The fruiting fronds have filiform segments,
with revolute margins. The innumerable
spores germinate freely in water or on wet
earth. It is in this way that new plants are
best secured. The plant is naturally an
annual, but it may be wintered in a warm
tank. Set it out in shallow water (one to
four inches deep) after warm weather is
established.

Many curiosities may be added to the
water garden, some of which also have a
real place in the general effect of the garden.
The golden club (Ovontium aquaticum) is
interesting for its yellow finger-like blooms,
which come out soon after the ice melts.
The spotted callas (Richardia albo-maculata)
may adorn the margin here and there. ‘The
native pickerel-weed (Pontederia cordata)
and the lizard’s tail (Saururus cernuus),
with flower spikes of blue and white respec-
tively, are useful in some places. On the
water’s surface the floating moss (Azolla

9. The pale blue water hyacinth (Kichhornia azurea) does not have bladders like
It is floated by the extraordinarily long leaf stalks

the common Kind.

10. The “water snowflake” bears thousands of small, beautifully fringed, white flow-
ers. (Limnanthemum Indicum). Its hardy equivalent is our native L. trachyspermum

11, Tricker’s Victoria (V. Cruziana, commonly called V. Trickeri).
Sometimes self-sows in the southern United States and has been Known to do so at Philadelphia.

Caroliniana), the duckweeds (Lemna), and
the Salvinia (S. natans) are interesting.

Where the lawn dips to the water’s edge
a clump of marsh mallows (Hibiscus Mos-
cheutos) will bloom. This is well known
as an ordinary garden plant. The great
open flowers, white with red centre, or
pink, are often five inches across. They
bloom very freely through the middle and
late summer. Japanese Iris, too, in all
their multiplicity of splendor, flourish near
the margin of the pond.

It would lead us too far to speak of the
riches that the borders of the pond will
harbor. Only in passing can we glance at

two or three nooks beside our way. Here
in a little bay a stately group of cat-tails
(Typha), narrow-leaved and broad, is way-
ing. Behind them a bushy brake of ferns
(Pteris and Woodwardia), willows and the
swamp magnolia (IM. glauca) leads on into
the woodland. This boggy place begins
with the common arrow-leaf (Sagittaria
latifolia). As it wades out into deeper
water its leaves are as thin as grass, but
they get broad and oval where their stalks
are not at all submerged. Among the
grasses, and the curious horsetails, rise the
stalks of great lobelia (L. syphilitica),
the cardinal flower (L. cardinalis), and

This species comes frum Paraguay and requires much less artificial heat than Wictoria regiae

Details in September, page 72

their hybrids. What is more brilliant than
the spike of the cardinal flower? And
beside them stand the aristocratic family
of the flowering ferns (Osmunda)—noble
ferns of great size and hardiness. Or per-
haps in tropical luxuriance beside our
Nymphea gigantea, the bog is decorated
with banana (Musa Ensete), the giant rhu-
barb-like leaves of the Gunnera (G. manicata
and G. Chilensis), shoots of Paulownia (P.
imperialis), cannas, and the like. On yonder
rocky promontory 1s a ruddy Japanese maple
(Acer palmatum var. atre purpureum) while in
crevices of the rock the dainty maidenhair
fern (Adiantum pedatum) is growing.

Fresh Vegetables All Winter—by Effie M. Barron, *%

HOW TO HAVE A CELLAR FULL OF
SHOW AT A GLANCE WHEN TO START EACH KIND, HOW

“QUALITY”’

ROOT CROPS—WITH PLANTING TABLES

THAT

TO GROW IT AND HOW TO STORE IT

[Eviror’s Nore—The fourth of the series of “Quality Vegetables for the Home Garden.” Mrs. Barron was formerly teacher of cookery under the London School Board.|

HE ideal vegetable root is a_ well

formed,—juicy, succulent one, crisp

yet tender, of fine texture, without stringiness
or sponginess and of high flavor.

If the skin looks dry and shrivelled and

the root looks “off color,” if, when you
pinch it the flesh seems soft and flabby,
you may be sure the inside will be spongy,
wooly, and dry.
Potatoes will sprout if they are kept where
183

light can penetrate. This sprouting changes
the composition of the potato. The shoots
feed upon the starch. This breaks up
and decomposes the starch grains, making
the tuber soft and watery, and unfit as

The straw covers three barrels of apples.
lator made of an old tin water pipe.
do away with that ‘“‘earthy”’ taste

food for man or beast. Light will cause
the potato to take on a green color, and
also to develop solanine.. The presence of
this poison can be detected by a_ peculiar
bitter taste. If potatoes are allowed to
freeze they will turn black, and although
they may be greatly improved by thawing
in cold water, they never cook perfectly.

All vegetable roots are affected injuriously
for food by sprouting, which causes them
to soften and rot.

These signs above mentioned will tell
you whether vegetables are good or not
without cutting them open or cooking them.

HOW TO GROW GOOD ONES

You cannot have quality root crops unless
you have rich soil and grow the plants
without a check.

If manure is used it is better to dig it
down about a spade’s depth some time
before the planting is done, for if too near

|

L wait nee

CLA ing DEL, LL

‘

‘oyster plant’ has a delicate oyster-like
flavor. Easily grown and stored

Salsify or

The thing sticking up is a venti-
The same method used with vegetables will

5 OE a ge D. ee ™~. pee

A snug place behind a windbreaK where an amateur at Doylestown, Pa.
stores quality vegetables and fruits as shown in the first picture and described

on page 185. Very cheap and Keeps roots fresh, sound, and plump

the plants it makes them forky and straggly
instead of smooth and well shaped.

THE BEST SOIL FOR EACH

Deep rich soil]Deep sandy loam Light rich Sandy
Beets Parsnips Horse radish | Celeriac
Carrots Potatoes Jerusalem Rutabagas
Kohlrabi Salsify artichokes
Scolymus Winter radish
Scorzonera
White turnips
PLANTING TABLE FOR WINTER VEGETABLES
(The dates are for New York)
When to
Root When to Plant Stare
IBES, ‘deobooeeoudu.c July Oct.
Carnotshenie irre July Oct.
Geleniach near. Start early in March Oct.
Set out end of April
Horse radish ...... Feb. or March Noy.
Jerusalem artichoke | Feb. or March Noy.
Kohlrabieiserei ie Start plants late June Nov.
Set out late July or Aug.
PaTsnIpSh erat Feb. or March Nov.
Potatoes tere -ttsee May rst Late Sept.
Oct.
Rutabagas......... Late July or early Aug. | Oct.
SASI57 Sucoocscd om Early May to June 15th | Oct.
Scolymussyetrd-teeiot Early May to June 15th} Oct.
Scorzonera......... Early May to June 15th | Oct.
White turnips. .....| Aug. 1st to 15th Oct.
Winter radish....... Last July toAug.1sth | Oct. Nov.

Celeriac or turnip-rooted celery is a
variety of celery that has edible roots instead
of leaves. It is not as choice a vegetable
as celery but is easier to grow. It is used
for flavoring soups and stews. It may also
be boiled and served with a white sauce, like
cauliflower. As salad it may be first cooked
whole, like beets, or cut up into small
pieces and used raw like radish. Or it
may be boiled, sliced, and served with salad
dressing. Good celeriac must be white.

Celeriac takes such a long season to grow
to perfection that it must be started in a
hot-bed early in March. Then transplant
and later in the season draw up the earth
round the roots to blanch them.

The red winter radish is milder in flavor
than the white. The Half Long Black
Spanish is a good one to grow because
it is very hardy. It is rarely attacked by

184

disease or grub. It is, however, hot and
strong in flavor, particularly in the centre.
The outer part near the rinds is generally
used for salads. Beets may be sown thickly,
and as they grow to a size convenient to
hold in one’s hand, thinned out and the
thinnings taken for immediate use as greens.
The rest being left to grow for storing.

VARIETIES THAT STAND FOR QUALITY

Beets—From about twenty-six varieties that
have been well tried the best, are found to be:

Dirigo. Is a dark red, of a fine smooth
shape, very sweet, quickest grower, most
satisfactory in every way.

Crosby’s Early Egyptian. Is an early
beet of fine quality but not quite so quick
a grower as Dirigo.

Electric. Elongated oval shape, a brilliant

red root, shines when washed, the brightest
and sweetest beet.

Long Orange carrots (outside) and Danvers Half Long
(centre). Better varieties described on page 185

NoveMBER, 1906

An old one is soft
and spongy, a fresh one firm and solid

Pinch a radish to see if it is young.

Carrots.—Bellot’s Early. A _ desirable
shape, being uniform all the way down,
almost like a frankfurter. It is a deep
orange color, not red, and I think that
this colored carrot has a better and more
pronounced flavor than a pale yellow
one. It will please the eye of the cook
and is the best kind for serving whole on
the table.

Early Scarlet Horn. Is of a strong flavor;
good for soups and flavoring purposes.

Oxheart. Is a delicate flavored, round
carrot suitable for growing in shallow soil.

Golden Ball. Is the smallest and earliest
of all.

Parsnips.—Abbot’s Improved. A _ fine
white variety, the flesh being so fine and
soft, it has been described as ‘“‘porky” or
“buttery”; without fibers or strings. The
roots are smooth and well shaped.

Hollow Crown. Has a flat top, which gives
no waste in preparation. It is a stronger
grower than Abbot’s Improved, which is
inclined to rot in a wet spring, but not
quite so fine in texture or rich in flavor.

White turnips.—Milk Globe, Purple Top,
White Globe, and Snowball. All these
are well shaped round turnips with fine
white flesh.

Rutabaga.—Allen’s Long Island Improved.
Has yellow flesh, richer than the white
turnip, low crown, very little neck, and is
covered on the top with purple bloom.
Fine grain and delicate quality. A good
keeper.

Potatoes—The best for growing and
storing are Gold Coin, Potentate, Carmen
No. 1, Crown Jewel, and Green Mountain.
These are all white skinned varieties and
good keepers. The best all round varieties
are Potentate and Gold Coin. Green
Mountain is most liable to rot in storage.

Salsify or Vegetable Oyster —Sandwich
Island. A good grower and fine texture.
Large White French. Not so_ strong.
Won’t stand winter.

Kohlrabi.—Early White Vienna and Early
Purple Vienna are good. White Vienna
differs from the general varieties of white
ones, being really white fleshed and not
green. The great secret of obtaining good
kohlrabi is to pick young, crisp, and tender.
Large ones are coarse, woody, and take an
unconscionable time to cook.

HOW TO KEEP ROOTS

All roots should be as fresh and juicy
after being stored for the winter as when
they were taken from the ground. ‘There
are three practical methods of storage.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

earthy 172:
Boxing them in sand.

1. Burying in the
on the cellar floor. 3.

METHODS OF STORING AND KEEPING

Earth burial Cellar floor Sand Left in ground
Beets Rutabagas Carrots Celeriac
Carrots White turnips | Celeriac Horse radish

Jerusalem

Potatoes Winter radishes} Horse radish artichokes
Jerusalem
artichokes

Kohlrabi Kohlrabi
Parsnips Parsnips
Salsify Scolymus
Winter radish] Scorzonera

The best method of storage is that which
most nearly approaches nature’s own,—
earth burial. Some vegetables cannot be
kept in any other way. In practice these
conditions are met by providing a cool,
dark place, good drainage, and air dry enough
to prevent rotting, but not so dry as to cause
shrivelling. A very good contrivance is
a barrel either bottomless or with holes
bored in the bottom to allow for drainage.
Sink this in the earth and cover the top with
straw. Don’t bury roots or fruits in heaps
or they will taste earthy. The pictures
at the top of page 184 show how to avoid
the earthy taste, by ventilating the barrels.
A section of old tin rain water pipe extends
from the bottom of the barrel up through
the barrel and three feet in the air. The
companion picture shows an ideal location
for storing vegetables—high ground, good
drainage, and shelter from the winter sun.
Behind a windbreak the soil will freeze
slowly and thaw out even more slowly.
This windbreak is so placed that the sun hardly
reaches this spot at all in the winter. The
pictures were taken at 3 P. M. and show
how little light can get through the trees,

Whichever way you store you must see
that light is excluded or the vegetables
will grow, and that the roots are protected
from intense cold.

For storing on the cellar floor, first put
salt hay on the floor. Heap the roots in a

Heaping

185

The yellow-fleshed rutabagas are more richly flavored
than the white sorts

pyramid-shaped pile of convenient size
for getting at on the hay. Cover the pile
with earth, which will also fill in the spaces
between the roots. A final covering of hay
over the earth to the depth of two or three
inches makes all snug for the approach of
early winter’s cold. As the weather gets
more severe, add more and more hay to
prevent freezing.

Beets will keep only if buried in the earth.
They rot very quickly. Beets planted the
end of July, allowed to grow to about the
size of a hen’s egg, then lifted and buried
in the ground will keep fairly well, but
even then the chances are that they will
lose much of their sweetness and become
woody. Beets must be handled very care-
fully to prevent them from bleeding. Cut
the top leaves off but not too close, about
two inches from the root. The rootlets
must only be shortened not cut off. Rough
handling will break the skin and cause bleed-
ing. If the beets lose their color they are not
nearly so attractive.

Carrots will not stand early frost so they
must be lifted and the leaves cut off. Do
not shake the earth off as they are delicate
and must be protected as much as possible.
It is safer to store them in earth.

Celeriac must have all the leaves but the
top ones taken off. If the top ones are
removed the plant will devote its energies
to making more and so the quality will
deteriorate.

Parsnips are actually improved by a touch

White and black winter radishes.

(Summer radishes in centre.) Sow in July; store in November

186

Keep summer radishes cold in ice box in water until
you are ready to use them

of frost. They can be left in the ground

all winter.
PREPARATION FOR THE TABLE

All vegetables should be put into boiling
water to cook, whether they grow under
or above the ground. If you want to boil
a piece of meat, you do not put it into
cold water, you put it into boiling water
to seal up the outside and retain the
juices in the meat. On the other hand if
you wish to draw out the juices for soups,
etc., you put the meat into cold water. The
same principle holds good for vegetables.
If you wish to use them for soups draw out
the goodness by putting into cold water,
but if you want to serve the vegetables as
a dish, put them into boiling water.

~New potatoes if unpeeled, however, are
first put into cold water to draw the solanine
out of the skin. Boil for ten minutes,
quickly peel off the skin, and put into
boiling water to finishing cooking. Some
people actually advise using the water
vegetables are boiled in as a foundation
for soups, even if they are put into boiling
water to cook, because ‘‘there is so much
of the goodness of the vegetable in the
water.” If that is so, why not draw out
more of it by putting into cold water! Try
with beets, put them into cold water, boil
them, now see the color of the water, a

beautiful deep red. Now examine the
beets, a whitish, stringy, and_ tasteless
vegetable. The beet is a good illustration

as it shows the result so well, but all other
vegetables are effected the same way.
Beets, carrots, and parsnips all contain
sugar, which substance is extracted from
them by putting into cold water and bringing
to the boil. The result is an insipid, flavor-
less vegetable entirely different from the
properly cooked article. For this reason,
also, these vegetables should not be peeled

Cut inside the ring where- the
woody fibre ends

Peel a turnip thickly.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

before cooking, except carrots when used
for flavoring. The skin then must be
scraped, not peeled off, as it is very thin,
and in a new carrot merely needs rubbing,
to peel it.

STEAMING THE BEST WAY

All vegetables that can be boiled can be
steamed, and, in my opinion, that is the
best method of cooking. The things are
not plunged into the water at all. The
steamer is placed on top of a saucepan of
boiling water. All the juices and flavor are
retained in the vegetable, and there is not
the possibility of overcooking which so fre-
quently spoils an otherwise perfect vegetable.
Put beets, parsnips, carrots, celeriac, kohl-
rabi in the steamer unpeeled and the flavor
and tenderness of these vegetables will be
found unsurpassed by any other method
of cooking.

Turnips have a thick, woody skin which
must be removed. ‘There is a line running
all around the turnip showing clearly where
to peel. This skin is indigestible, and

The Jerusalem artichoKe, often said to be fit food
only for cattle, costs twenty-five cents a quart in wins
ter at fancy grocery stores in New York

when turnips are mashed it will remain in
lumps.

QUANTITIES TO STORE

In making your plans for the storage of
your roots for the winter try to so manage
that you have a sufficient supply for six
months. Do not have to go -on ‘‘short
commons” or without any for two or three
weeks in the spring while waiting for the
fresh crop to mature. Better have too
many than too few. The quantities given
below are intended for a family of four,
allowing storage for six months.

In making these calculations medium-
sized specimens only are taken as the basis.
Large ones are not recommended. They
are clumsy to handle and not economical]
in cooking.

Potatoes are a staple article of food and
are used every day, of course, sometimes
twice a day, and are often needed in cookery
otherwise than as a plain dish. Two and
a half barrels of them would probably be
sufficient.

Turnips and carrots will be required, say,
twice a week on the average as a separate
dish. But they are essentially flavoring

NOVEMBER, 1906

Keep potatoes dark or they will sprout

vegetables, and, therefore, are in continual
demand, in small quantities, for soups,
stews, and the flavoring of gravies and
sauces. On this account I have calculated
as though there are three full dishes a week,
the small amounts used as flavoring being
counted as equivalent to one full dish. I
should store one and a half barrels of each
of these roots.

Beets and radishes are not used so fre-
quently as the former vegetables. They
have distinct flavors of their own that do
not blend with others. They are served
principally alone, and also in salads. One
barrel of each would, I think, be sufficient.

Last on the list come the rarer vegetables,
parsnips, kohlrabi, salsify, and celeriac. One
dish of these a week is about all any one
would care to have. The parsnip can
hardly be called a rare vegetable, but is
such’a peculiarly flavored one that it is only
liked now and then as a change. About
two bushels of each of these roots will supply
the table for the whole six months. In
winter roots supply the place in a great
measure of the more delicate summer vege-
tables. Their flavor is more pronounced
than such vegetables as peas, beans, or
cauliflower, and they are more suited for
use in winter cookery, such as thick soups
and made dishes.

Salsify is sometimes called oyster plant,
as the flavor of the plant when fried close-
ly resembles that of the oyster. When
properly prepared for the table, it is a
most dainty and palatable dish. It can
be simply boiled after being scraped, washed
and blanched, and when tender, served on
buttered toast, with a good drawn butter
sauce poured over, or, after boiling, mash,
and make into small cakes and fry.

Scorzonera much resembles salsify, both
in flavor and appearance, and the roots are
prepared and eaten exactly the same way.

Buy horse radish roots, have them ground, and do
your own bottling. Keep tightly corked

The Two Best Tall Lilies for November Planting—By A. Herrington

TEN THOUSAND LILIES FROM A DOZEN BULBS OF LILIUM HENRYI|THAT COST FIVE DOLLARS

EACH TEN YEARS AGO--NOW FOR THE FIRST TIME IT IS

I WAS glad to pay sixty dollars for a
dozen bulbs of Lilium Henryi in 1896
because it had proven to be the best tall
yellow lily in cultivation. The natural in-
crease of those twelve bulbs gave us more
than ten thousand flowers this year. The
present season is perhaps the first moment

Ten thousand flowers in this bed from a dozen bulbs
planted ten years ago!

when Dr. Henry’s lily could be said to be
within the reach of all.

We have other good yellow lilies (varieties of
Lilium elegans, Canadense and testaceum), but
they are smaller, not so well suited to general
culture, and represent the cup and bell types,
while Lilium Henryi is the best represen-
tative of the Turk’s cap type and probably
ranks among the four best lilies for the
people. It certainly belongs with the best
six in ease of culture, permanence, and the
rapidity with which it will multiply in the
home garden.

It is a native of China, and was discovered
there by the celebrated botanical explorer,
Dr. Augustine Henry, who sent it to Kew,
England where it first flowered in August
1889, but weakly, as might be expected from
newly collected bulbs.

A PROPHECY FULFILLED

At Kew I saw its rapid development
and marked improvement each _ season.
Among my lily notes I find the following
written August 12, 1895: “Lilium Henryi now
in flower at Kew, though comparatively new,

gives every indication that it will be one of
the garden lilies of the future. It is the
orange-yellow equivalent of our best autumn-
blooming lily (L. speciosum), but has even
greater stature and vigor. Some of the
strongest plants are nearly eight feet high and
have from twenty to thirty flowers and buds
upon them. It is a grand and stately lily and
distinct from all others.”

Ten years’ experience at Florham Farms,
Madison, N. J., has shown that this was a
conservative estimate of its worth. I did not
take up our dozen bulbs until 1902, six years
after they were planted. I then reset them
in an oblong bed six feet wide and forty-five
feet long, and though the bulbs were set two
feet apart the increase has been such that
when in flower this bed was one solid mass of
beauty with more than 10,000 flowers. The
plants varied from four feet to nearly eight
feet in height according to strength and age
of bulb and bore from twenty to seventy-five
buds and flowers each. At the end of the
bed shown was one spike that bore seventy-
five flowers.

This lily is unquestionably the best hardy
flower in the garden during the last of July
and the early part of August, because it is
so tall, stately and brilliant in color effect,
yet graceful withal, the flowers being borne
in twos and threes upon long pendent stalks
branching from the main stem, which is
thickly clothed with leafage its entire length.
It flowers abundantly in wet or dry seasons
and shows no sign of disease.

At first Liliwm H enryi was called an orange-
yellow speciosum, but except in the reflexed
form of its flowers there is no other resem-
blance. It may better he compared with
the tiger lily especially in size of flower and
in the peculiar dark brown protuberant
growths upon the petals that give a slight

4

The rarely grown Liltum puberulum, a Pacific coast
representative of L. superbum (L. Humboldtii)
187

WITHIN THE REACH OF ALL

spotty effect, but the tiger lily is a coarse
flower in comparison. Henry’s lily shows
some slight color variations in different plants
but the dominant color tone is a deep orange
—or apricot—yellow.

The best tall red lily of the turk’s cap type
is our native Lilium superbum. In good

Count the flowers on this one plant of Lilium Henryi |
This species bears twenty to seventy-five flowers on
the average. Orange-yellow

soil it grows six to eight feet high and bears
twenty to thirty orange-red flowers spotted
with scarlet. The texture is so good that the
flowers last considerably longer than most
lilies. ‘The leaves are arranged in whorls
of ten to twenty, making it one of the state-
liest of the formal lilies.

Both these lilies will do well in a sunny
border but the best plan is to put them in beds
where they will not be disturbed by annual
digging at the surface, and give them a partial
shade, simply to keep the soil cool. Mulch
them both summer and winter. Be sure
they have a loose, mellow soil with plenty of
leaf mold and perfect drainage. Never let
them suffer for water. Plant the bulbs six
inches deep.

PLANT LILIES IN UNFROZEN GROUND

Order your bulbs as early as possible and
while you are waiting for them heap the pro-
posed lily bed with manure. Then you can
plant lilies in unfrozen ground even during
the first half of December if necessary.

Bulbs and Perennials for November Planting—py Harold Clark,

New
York

HOW TO HAVE HOME-GROWN CYCLAMEN THIS CHRISTMAS--AMARYLLIS AND THE BLUE AFRICAN LILY WITHOUT A

GREENHOUSE—CHRISTMAS ROSES FROM A COLDFRAME AND SOME OF THE

oe lovely gladiolus, pictured on page

189, is a variety of Gladiolus Colvillet,
an early-blooming species which every one
who has a cool greenhouse should try. The
florists get a high price for it in February
and March. For Easter bloom the bulbs
need not be started until December.

You can have cyclamen like this in your home

window if you buy the bulbs in November. Better

ones from seeds in seventeen months

The secret of success in forcing gladioli is
to grow them cool. A night temperature of
45° to 50° is plenty warm enough. Plant
them in boxes six inches deep, setting the
bulbs about three inches apart each way.
For potting soil use three parts of rotted sod,
one part of well decayed manure and one-
half part of sand. Make one-inch holes in
the bottom of the boxes every six inches and
put some broken pots, coal clinkers, or
gravel in the bottom for drainage. Try The
Bride, Ne Plus Ultra, Shakespeare, and
May. With these you are almost sure to
have success. Other varieties are more or
less likely to “go blind,” i. e. the buds fail to
expand.

CYCLAMEN FOR CHRISTMAS BLOOM

I should never care to grow cyclamen
from bulbs, because you get more and better
flowers from seed. However, it takes fif-
teen to eighteen months from seed to flower
and you ought to have a greenhouse. But
if you buy bulbs now you can grow them at
home with a good chance of getting flowers
this Christmas. During November the seed
and bulb merchants offer bulbs of cyclamen.

The common cyclamen is C. latifolium
(C. Persicum of the catalogues), but if I had

to grow cyclamen from the hard, dry bulbs
one buys from the seedsmen in November,
I would rather grow the ivy-leaved cyclamen,
C. Neapolitanum, because it will give more
flowers, and though these may be smaller
than the best florists’ cyclamen grown from
seed, they are quite as large as any home-
grown cyclamen from bulbs. The ivy-
leaved cyclamen is marked hardy in some
catalogues. It is in Europe, but no cyclamen
is hardy here. A good cyclamen should

have six to twelve flowers.

Cyclamen bulbs are three or four inches
in diameter and shaped like a flat turnip.
Put them in 5- or 6-inch pots, according to
the size of the bulb. Give them a good rich
soil like that described for the gladiolus, plus

The best feathery white flowers for winter bloom,
Astilbe Japonica, wrongly called “‘Spirea’’ by florists

leaf mold. A night temperature of 50° or
60° will suit them best.

LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY

One of the most beautiful bulbs is the
lily-of-the-valley and it is also one of the
hardest things to force. It takes from three
to four weeks to bring them into flower, and
your success will be measured by your ability
to get good leaves with the flowers. This is
next to impossible with pips that have been
imported this fall and are forced for January
bloom, but it is possible to secure leaves on
pips forced later.

To have genuine success one must have
a “hot box” in which to start them. The
most desirable place I know is under a propa-
gating bench, the bottom of which is boxed
in to provide bottom heat for the cuttings

188

BEST

“COOL GREENHOUSE” FLOWERS

in the sand. Put some small pieces of boards
on the heating pipes and set the pots or boxes
on the boards.

The new pips arrive in the country from
abroad late in October or early in November.
As soon as they are received pack them in a
box in damp sand and store them in a deep
coldframe, pit, or cellar, where they can be
easily gotten at. Some people insist that
they should be frozen before forcing, but, in
my experience, this is unnecessary. All that
is needed is a place cool enough to keep
them from growing.

When forcing small quantities I use 5-inch
pots; for large quantities flats five inches
deep. Trim the ends of the roots. The
easiest way is to lay the bundle of pips on
the bench and a single stroke of a sharp
knife will do the work. Place the pips in
the pots or flats 4 or # in. apart and pack
sand firmly among them. They should be
just covered. Now put them in your ‘‘hot
box,” the temperature of which should be
about go°.

There must be plenty of moisture in the
atmosphere, so that the pots will not dry out
quickly. Watch the pots closely and water
frequently. One drying will spoil all chances
of success as I know from bitter experience.
In about ten days or two weeks the leaves

a

The best large red flower of winter—amaryllis.
Trumpets five inches long and wide

NovEMBER, 1906

will have pushed up about two inches. Take
them out now and put in a warm place—
about 60° night temperature—and shade
the tender shoots until they become accus-
tomed to the sun’s rays. In ten days or
two weeks the flowers will have opened and
be ready for cutting.

STRANGE AUTUMN-BLOOMING BULBS

The nerines are interesting autumn-bloom-
ing bulbs which also require a warm
corner and are usually considered hard to
grow. ‘The commonest one is the Guernsey
lily (Nerine Sarniensis). These send up
naked stems eighteen inches to two feet long,
which are crowned with a mass of flowers
in different shades of red or pink. They
are the showiest bulbous flowers to be found
in the greenhouse during the period of
September to November. These bulbs make
their growth during the winter. As soon as
you can get them put three or four in a 5-inch
pot. For a potting soil use three parts of
good strong loam, one of well decayed cow
manure, and one of clean sharp sand. Put
about one inch of drainage material in the
bottom of the pot. The top half of the
bulb must be above ground. The bulbs
will not bloom if entirely covered. Give
them a night temperature of 55° or 60° and
keep them growing until May or whenever
the leaves begin to turn yellow. Then dry
them off gradually and when dried store
under a bench or other dry place, setting
each pot on its side.

Next fall you may see some flower buds
coming out of the dry soil, in which case
place the pots on the bench and water very
carefully. You will be fortunate if you get
flowers at this time. I should not expect
any from the small bulbs one usually buys
for three or four years.

About the time when they should begin
their annual growth, scrape off about one
inch of the surface soil with a sharp stick
and replace it with some fresh rich compost.
Never repot these bulbs if you can possibly
avoid it, as they are very impatient of having
their roots disturbed.

The best feathery white bloom in winter
is that of Astilbe Japonica (pictured on page
188), which every florist wrongly calls
“spirea”” (Spirza belongs to the rose family;
Astilbe to the saxifrage family). The astilbe
is quite hardy and a most desirable plant
for the perennial border, where you can put
it after forcing. Outdoors it sometimes
grows three feet high, but the roots com-
monly imported for forcing usualiy grow
only one to one and a half feet higher
than the pots. The compound leaves are
eight inches to a foot long and are so divided
that they have an airy graceful appearance.
Several pyramidal specks of very small
creamy white overtop the leaves six inches.
The astilbe is one of the most graceful
plants in florists’ windows during late winter
and early spring.

FORCE BLEEDING HEART THIS WINTER

Every one knows the bleeding heart
(Dicentra spectabilis), a favorite in the
hardy border. It has many large heart-

EEE GeAT ROD) BN

shaped flowers of a rosy red suspended from
the under side of the branches. In Europe
it is quite the fashion to force this plant. It
is seldom brought into heat before February
or March, as it only requires about four
weeks indoors, but November is the time to
buy the roots. You get them from bulb
dealers. They are grown in pots in Euro-
pean nurseries for this special purpose.

If you have a cool greenhouse why not grow this lovely gladiolus for Easter?
G. Colvilleit, an early-blooming species and best for forcing

You might take up plants from the garden
but you would doubtless get inferior results,
because you would lose so many feeding
roots. It makes a good cut flower.

A FLOWER OUTDOORS AT CHRISTMAS

The Christmas rose (Helleborus niger)
blooms outdoors in winter, but north of

IMPANGACZ LINE

189

New York it is safer to grow it in a cold-
frame. By this means you can be reason-
ably sure of having the flowers for cutting at
Christmas. It has only a few leaves which
are divided into six or seven lobes. They
are dark green and rather uninteresting.
The large white flowers, one and a half to
two inches across, are very beautiful indeed.
Just bring the potted plants indoors two

The Bride, a variety of

weeks before you want the flowers, and as.
soon.as the blossoms are cut out go the
plants. Is there anything quicker?

HEPATICAS TWICE THE USUAL SIZE

The pretty little European hepatica (/7.
angulosa—Anemone angulosa of the Dutch-
catalogues) has beautiful clear blue flowers,

An hepatica that is said to have flowers as large
as a half dollar (H. angulosa), hardy and needs only
two weeks to force into winter bloom

about one inch in diameter. It is hardy
and grows about a foot high. They only
need about two weeks of heat to flower.

All these perennials can be easily forced.
In the fall the rootstocks store up enough
food so that when potted for greenhouse
cultivation it is necessary only to set them
in a cool, dark place long enough for them
to make sufficient root growth to supply
the plant with moisture.

A low temperature—so° at night—is
sufficient, in fact, better than a higher one.

Any good potting soil will suit them.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

After these plants have been forced, grow
them on, allowing them to make just as
much growth as possible, and in April,
when the ground can be worked, plant them
in the open border. None of them, with
the possible exception of the Christmas
rose, will force well the second winter. The
four perennials above mentioned are re-
ceived early enough in the fall so that you
can plant them outdoors if mulched.

THE GORGEOUS AMARYLLIS

The largest and most satisfactory red
flower of winter is the amaryllis. The
lily-like trumpets are four or five inches
across, and come on stems eighteen inches
or two feet high. November is rather late
to start the common varieties, which can be
gotten in October in the form of fresh bulbs
grown in America from seed. But the best
named varieties do not arrive from Europe
until November, as the bulbs must be
thoroughly ripened before crossing the ocean.

Pot amaryllis bulbs as soon as received,
in a rich soil like that suggested for the
nerines and allow them to lie dormant until
about the first of the year when if they are
good strong bulbs they will flower. The
flowers come before the leaves and mark
the end of the resting period. When the
flowering period is over, the growing season
commences. After all danger of frost is
past plunge the potted plants out doors in
coal ashes, soil, or anything else handy to

NovEMBER, 1906

prevent the rapid evaporation of water
through the pots. Water about once a
week with weak liquid manure. When the
leaves begin to turn yellow it is a sign the
bulbs are ripening. Gradually withhold
water and when the bulbs are ripe store
them in a cool dry place until the flower
scapes begin to push out of the soil.

One does not need a greenhouse to grow
amaryllis, as all the growth can be made
outdoors during the summer and then the
pots stored in the cellar until they are ready
to flower, which will be about January tst.

THE BLUE AFRICAN LILY

The blue African lily (Agapanthus wmbel-
latus) ordinarily blooms in summer but can
be had in flower at almost any time. It
has many long, narrow, dark green leaves,
from among which rises a stem two or three
feet high, bearing a large cluster of very
handsome blue flowers. The easiest way
to handle it is to grow it in pots or tubs
which are stored in a light cellar or other
dry place during the winter (enough water
being given to prevent the leaves from fall-
ing); then put it outdoors during the summer
and let it make its growth. Unlike the
amaryllis it flowers with its leaves, which
adds to its beauty. It is often forced in
the early spring. The flowering season is
controlled entirely by the resting period.
The earlier you wish it to flower the earlier
you dry it off.

Massa-

Raising Your Own Tulips—sy Luke J. Doogue, 2%

AN INTERESTING EXPERIMENT FOR AMATEURS WHO LIKE NEW THINGS AND CAN FOLLOW SUCH EXPERIMENTS FOR SEV-
ERAI YEARS—A METHOD BY WHICH THE PUBLIC GROUNDS DEPARTMENT OF BOSTON SAVES HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS

uO tulips are always con-
sidered high-priced bulbs, and al-
though the prices of quality tulips are bound
to rise sharply, the general public will never
care to raise its own bulbs. It takes too

Making a bed of tulip offsets.

The offsets have just been covered with two inches of loam.

long and when you consider the ease and
certainty with which bulbs in general bloom,
it is cheaper to buy bulbs every year. In the
Boston Public Grounds Department, where
millions of bulbs are used annually, we have

then be raked and a label will replace the stick

The bed will

demonstrated that thousands of dollars can
be saved by growing our own tulips. And
the amateur who likes to try new things and
can follow up his experiments for three years
will enjoy propagating his own tulips from
offsets—not by seeds which takes several
years and never come true.

If you have a lot of old bulbs, separate the
offsets from them this fall and grade all
your bulbs and offsets roughly into three
sizes. The largest, or original bulbs,
will give first-class flowers next spring, the
larger offsets the year after, and the
smaller, in two or three years, depending
on the care you give them. Almost every
offset, no matter how small, will bloom
next spring, provided you detach it from
its parent, and these flowers will be sur-
prisingly large considering the size of the
offset. But no one wants small tulips and
the object of this article is to explain how to
get first-class flowers by growing small bulbs
to the largest size in the shortest possible
time.

After sorting your bulbs, plant the three
grades in separate beds. You need not use
a dibble to plant the little ones. Sow them
broadcast on a carefully prepared bed and
cover them two inches deep with fine, mellow
loam. If the soil for your beds is not rich

First-class flowers from small offsets grown for three years.

and porous, spade in a lot of well rotted
manure and mix in plenty of coarse sand.
Then rake the bed level. If you have only
a few offsets you can afford the time to stand
each bulb upright. If you are planting
hundreds, just spread them broadcast.

In November, after a heavy frost, put on
two or three inches of old manure for a win-
ter mulch. The idea is to get the frost into
the ground and keep it there with the cover-
ing. The freezing does not injure the bulbs,
but the alternate freezing and thawing
works havoc by rotting and breaking the
roots.

In March or early April, or whenever the
first signs of growth appear, remove the
mulch gradually to allow the leaves to harden
off before being exposed to the heat of the
sun.

In late April or whenever the flowers begin
to show color you should separate the whites,
pinks, purples, and whatever other groups
you desire. This operation cannot be per-

Bulbs and offsets after summer storage

formed as easily and certainly at planting
time as at flowering time. You can mark
them with thread or yarn, but the best
way is to raise each odd tulip with a trowel
and place it with its proper color. In doing

pi

First-class flowers from large offsets cultivated only
two years. Vase ten inches high

this you must take plenty of earth with the
bulb, driving the trowel well into the ground.
Just as soon as you are certain of the color,
cut off the flower. Never let it expand or
the growing bulb will be checked by wasting
a part of its strength on a small flower.

In May you must take up the bulbs and
store them in a dry, cool, airy place to ripen.
Let them stay in the ground until the leaves
have withered, even if it makes an unsightly
spot throughout the whole month of May.

Now comes the most important thing—
the summer storage. All your work will be
wasted if you do not attend to this properly.
You can store them in boxes or on shelves
or on the floor of the attic or other convenient

191

Ordinarily these offsets are thrown away or amount to nothing.

KeizersKroon and PottebaKKer White

place which you are absolutely sure is per-
fectly dry and has a free circulation of air.
If you have to store your tulips in boxes you
can save room by piling one upon the other,
but you must be sure to leave a space of at
least four inches between the boxes to allow
the air to circulate. And don’t forget the
bulbs during the summer months. Look
them over occasionally to determine their
condition. ‘This inspection will often save
many bulbs, for in spite of the most perfect
conditions rot will sometimes commence in
some of the bulbs and unless this is discovered
in time it will spread rapidly and ruin your
most precious bulbs, to your heart-breaking
sorrow.

The smallest ottsets cultivated one year produced
these flowers. Though astonishingly large, compared
with the bulbs, they are not full-sized

The Lily of the Valley as a House Plant—By Clarence M. Weed,

Massa-
chusetts

THE QUALITY OF FLOWERS THAT CAN BE GROWN WITHOUT A GREENHOUSE—WHY NOT START NOW

AND GROW HALF A DOZEN CHRISTMAS PRESENTS LIKE THESE ?—GET THE

| Brees books on floriculture generally dis-

courage the amateur who aspires to
grow the beautiful lily of the valley through
the winter months at home without a green-
house; nevertheless, in a house where there
is a warm corner in which a uniform tem-
perature of seventy-five to eighty degrees can
be maintained, the lily of the valley may
be had in blossom throughout the winter
with very little trouble.

The “pips” or rootstocks of the lily of the
valley are kept in cold storage by the florists’
supply houses throughout the year. They
may be purchased from any bulb dealer for
about $1.75 per hundred. These are re-
tarded plants, i. e. plants in which the nor-
mal period of blooming has long since passed,
so that it is possible to bring them into blos-
som in three or four weeks. It is purely a
forcing process, the plants forming no new
roots during the development of the leaves,
and the blossoms depending entirely upon
the nutriment stored up in the thickened
crown and root stock. Consequently what
is needed is an abundance of moisture and
a high, uniform temperature, preferable ninety
degrees.

You can grow lily of the valley near steam
pipes, a furnace or even the kitchen range.

We have a hot-water tank in a closet with

Has

An acceptable Christ-nas present. Home grown.

personality in it. Nota store-bought trinket

‘ing plant.

a shelf at the top and keep the closet door
shut. Also we grow them in a cupboard
over the furnace against the chimney.

The “pips” generally come from the
florists’ supply house in bunches of twenty-

Of course you can't get the leaves to come outina
low temperature but—

five each. These should be fresh from the
cold-storage room and should not be allowed
to dry out. As soon as they are received
unpack them and irim off the roots with
scissors about a third of the way from the
outer ends in order that the moisture may
be absorbed readily and sent into the develop-
Then put the pips in soil or sand
or sphagnum moss in some receptacle where
they may be kept thoroughly moist and at a
uniform temperature. In my experience I
have found it better to use a fair-sized recep-
tacle than to attempt to force the plants
individually in small jars.

Small portable window boxes of wood,
zinc, or pottery are especially desirable in
forcing the lily of the valley. Set the plants
about one half inch apart and place the re-
ceptacle in some closet or corner where there
is a uniform high temperature, and leave
them for about two weeks or even longer if
the situation is not too dark. Then bring
them to the window during the day and at
night keep them near a radiator or in some
other warm situation. Under favorable con-
ditions the first flowers will develop in three
or four weeks, and others will continue to
come on for two or three weeks thereafter.
After the development is well begun keep
the window box in the window or in a cool
room. The flowers will then last much longer
than if kept in too hot a place.

An excellent way to utilize these beautiful
blossoms is to transplant them as they come
into bloom into small attractive flower jars,
placing several in each jar according to its
size. ‘They are not in the least injured by
such transference and will continue to dis-

192

“PIPS’? IN NOVEMBER

play their beauty for two or three weeks, mak-
ing admirable pieces for adorning the dinner
table as well as other situations.

The oblong box shown on this page is
eleven inches long by four inches wide
and four inches high. In it one can
easily place a dozen or more lily of the
valley pips. In one experience with this
box I planted the roots December 29, and
placed it in a corner of the room along which
a steam pipe ascended, the heat from the
pipe keeping the temperature of the soil at
from seventy-five to eighty degrees, as was
determined by thrusting down a thermometer.
By the fifteenth of January some of the plants
had developed beautiful racemes of flowers
ten inches high and the others were coming
along nicely. The box was then brought
away from the warm corner into a lighter
situation, where the plants continued in
bloom for several weeks.

It is evident from this experience that by
planting the pips early in December one
could have the flowers just coming on at
Christmas time. Few things would be
lovelier or more acceptable as Christmas
presents than attractive flower jars, such as
one can get in abundance at the Japanese
and other shops, with half a dozen of these
lily of the valley plants just coming into
blossom; and the fact that the plants had
been brought into bloom by the giver should
enhance the value of the gift.

—you Can transplant the best ones like this.
will never Know they were moved

They

|
|

NoveEMBER, 1906

THE

GARDEN

MAGAZINE

193

A Trust Fund for the Maintenance and Education of Children

By Dr. Nathan C. Schaeffer

President National Educators Association and Superintendent Public Instruction of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

On February 17, 1905, upon the occasion
of the unveiling of the statue of Frances E.
Willard in the Capitol at Washington, the
Hon. Albert J. Beveridge, of Indiana, paid
a glowing tribute, not only to this great
woman, but also to womanhood in general. In
the course of his beautiful and eloquent re-
marks upon the career and character of Miss
Willard he said: ‘‘To make the homes of the
millions pure, to render sweet and strong
those human relations
which constitute the family
—this was her mission and
her work. And there can-
not be a wiser method of
mankind’s upliftment than
this, no better way to make
a nation noble and endur-
ing; for the hearthstoneis
the foundation whereon the
State is built. The family
is the social and natural
unit. Spencer wrote
learnedly of ‘the individual
and the State’; but he
wrote words merely. The
individual is not the im-
portant factor in nature or
the nation. Nature destroys
the individual. Nature
cares only for the pair,
knows in some form noth-
ing but the family. And
so, by the deep reasoning
of Nature itself, Frances E.
Willard’s work was justi-
fied.”

It isat this point that life
insurance helps to reinforce
the work of Frances E.
Willard. Life insurance
helps to sustain and per-
petuate the family by saving
the widowed mother from
poverty and by creating a
trust fund for the mainte-
mance and education of
children. It encourages
sobriety, industry, and thrift
by the periodic payments
which constitute an essen-
tial part in almost every
scheme of life insurance.
Money that would be spent
upon drink or other need-
less luxuries must be saved
for the payment of pre-
miums if the insurance
shall not lapse or at least
lose a part of its value.

This is a powerful stimulus to the young
man eyen before others are dependent upon
him. After he attains the dignity of father-
hood, the duty of providing for the present
and future needs of his family becomes a
powerful motive for industry, economy, and
temperance; and a life insurance policy
helps to strengthen this motive and to
develop habits of thrift.

Since the family is the foundation of the

U. S. SENATOR JOHN F. DRYDEN
President of the Prudential Insurance Co. of America

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Advertiser

State, life insurance may be regarded as a
patriotic duty. For it is the duty of the
parent to prepare his children for citizen-
ship, and this implies that he must give them
a suitable education. Public and private
schools of all grades and kinds, from the
kindergarten to the university, have been
liberally provided and lavishly equipped for
the benefit of the rising generation; but when
the father is called away in the prime of life,

the children must often-

times leave school as soon
as the law allows them to
go to work, and their time
and strength are exhausted
in the mere struggle for
bread. A life insurance
policy would have enabled
them to remain at school
and to secure for themselves
all that an education means
in the way of future earning
power and future useful-
ness. A nation’s progress
depends upon the proper
education of its future
citizens. Not the bank
withits stored millions, nor
the fortress with its frown-
ing guns, but “the little
red schoolhouse on the
hill,” is the real symbol of
the strength and perpetuity
of American institutions.
“The best is not too good
for my children,” said a
clergyman not long ago;
“and life insurance will
help me to give them the
best education that they
will take.” Policies which
mature in ten, fifteen, or
twenty years serve to pro-
vide the money for a course
at college or at some techni-
cal or professional school.
The parent’s love for his
children should prompt him
to make adequate provision
for them in the event of
his death. For the wage-
earner and for the man who
is dependent upon a salary
this is a difficult problem.
While his strength and his
power to earn money last,
he can provide for their
needs, whilst his wife de-
votes her time and energy
to the care of the home

194

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

NovEMBER, 1906

and to that nurture and training which a
mother’s love prompts her to give with the
most anxious solicitude. When the day’s
work is done, and when the father is seated
by the fireside surrounded by those whom he
loves, the future sometimes rises before his
mind. In vision he sees his family bereft
of his care and his earnings. He sees his
wife haggard and worn with work. She is
struggling for bread, raiment, and_ shelter
for herself and her little ones. He hears
the cry of the youngest for that care which
the mother finds it impossible to give.
The older children are kept from school
because they must either take charge of the
dependent ones while the mother is at work,
or they must themselves engage in the fierce
struggle for existence. The shadowy fore-
cast of an always possible future should drive
him to make the provision
which is rendered possible
by life insurance in some
one of the companies which
have shown by years of
careful management that
they deserve the confidence
of the public.

“Take no thought for
the morrow,’’ was the text
selected for a sermon in
favor of life insurance. At
first sight it seemed a
strange text, but in the Re-
vised Version the language
is, ‘‘Be not anxious for the
morrow,” and a life insur-
ance policy in some com-
pany which has shown the
strength of Gibraltar is one
of the best means to drive
away anxious thought for
the future. Thus, when
rightly interpreted, this pas-
sage from the Sermon on
the Mount becomes a most
cogent argument in favor
of life insurance.

Time was when the most
a good citizen and loving
parent could do for his
family, if the fear for their
future distressed him, was
to work a little harder, to
strain himself under a heavier load, to add
a trifle more each week to that little store
of savings which were accumulating so
slowly. It was ten, perhaps twenty, years
before his savings could amount to enough
to make even a meager provision for those
he loves. At any time the failure of a
savings bank, the collapse of a_ building
and loan association, or an ill-advised in-
vestment of his own might sweep away the
hard-earned savings of years, and destroy
at one stroke the fruit of past and present
labors and the foundation of future hopes.

There are teachers and clerks who have a
fixed income. As soon as they see a way to
secure the maintenance of their home and
the education of their children they lose no
time in making the necessary provision.

What keeps them from taking the necessary
step is not heartlessness nor thoughtlessness,
but the seeming hopelessness of being able
to make adequate provision out of small
earnings. Such need not despair. To them
the various forms of life insurance are of
supreme interest and importance. Worry
is worse than overwork, and they can escape
both by adopting the plan of insurance best
adapted to their circumstances and_ their
income.

Let us descend from the general to partic-
ulars. I prefer to take my illustrations from
the old-line companies, whose premiums are
fixed by contract, and cannot be increased at
a time when one’s power to pay has begun to
wane. In passing I may say that an agent
came to our town to organize a lodge with an
insurance provision as one of its features; he

EIRRALTAR

left on the next train, saying, ‘‘Those fellows
know too much.” It was shown him by a
simple calculation that if the assessments
were not to be increased in the coming years,
every member participating in the plan would
have to live, on the average, more than 140
years. Moreover, I prefer to take my illus-
trations from some company in which I have
no personal interest. My life insurance, for
the benefit of my wife and children, was taken
in other old-line companies, to the limit of
my ability to pay the premiums, before my
attention was drawn to this particular com-
pany. I refer to The Prudential of New
ark, N. J., which has been likened to the rock
ot Gibraltar by reason of its solidity and its
conservati' > methods of doing business.
One of th. policies is known as the Child’s

Tue GARDEN MAGAZINE Advertiser

Endowment Policy. In one of the announce-
ments the founder and President of the Com-
pany, U. S. Senator John F. Dryden, says:
“This form of policy furnishes an excellent
means of securing on the installment plan a
fund wherewith to pay the expenses of a child
through college, or while preparing for a
profession, or during the period spent in
acquiring the technical knowledge demanded
in certain employments. Under other con-
ditions, the fund secured through the policy
may be used to give the child a start in busi-
ness, or, in the case of a daughter, a dowry at
marriage. Policies may be taken out at the
birth of a child or at any age thereafter up to
and including age fifteen, to mature upon the
anniversary of the policy at ages eighteen,
twenty-one, or twenty-five, and will be issued
for sums from $500 to $5,000. When the
endowment matures, the
amount of the policy with
profits (or dividends) added
thereto, will be paid to the
child insured or to the parent
or guardian.” Not only is
the amount of the policy
with profits payable at the
age stated in the contract,
but in the event of previous
death all premiums are re-
turned with three per cent.
compound interest. The
very fact that the possibility
of a higher or professional
education isin store for him
serves as a wonderful incen-
tive to the boy while on
his way through the public
schools. If it be true that
aspirations make the man,
then surely the plan of in-
surance which fills the heart
with aspirations is desery-
ing of attention and careful
study. Let us assume that
a man says to himself: “If
only I had a few thousand
dollars laid aside for the
wife and babies, I could
work cheerfully and rest
easily without fear of the
future. But how can I
hope to leave them even a
few hundreds? All I can possibly save out
of my earnings is $2 each week. It seems
utterly hopeless to dream of building up a
fund to maintain and educate my children
on such slender savings.’”’ And such a case
would be hopeless except that right here
comes The Prudential Insurance Company,
and says that $2 a week entrusted to them
will give the family $5,000 of protection.
Taking the age of the insured, for instance,
at thirty years as a basis, the Company
says: ‘‘Pay me $98.85 per annum, some-
what less than $2 per week savings, and
I will guarantee you $5,000 for your family,
payable to-morrow in the event of death,
if your first premium has been fully paid.”

It would take the man over thirty years to
accumulate $5,000 by any ordinary plan of

NovEMBER, 1906

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

195

savings. In every day of every month of
these thirty years he is liable to die and leave
only a fraction of a sufficient sum for his
family. And on any day in those thirty
years he may wake up to find his earnings
gone, swept irrevocably away by some mis-
chance of fortune. On the other hand, The
Prudential Insurance Company puts to the
credit of his family in the event of his death
the sum of $5,000 the day and hour on which
he pays his first premium. It enters into a
contract with him, by which it pledges the
millions behind the Company to pay his
family $5,000. provided only he pays the
premium equal to his $2 a week savings, as
agreed in the contract.

The provident man says to himself:
“Suppose I leave my family $5,000, how can
I leave it so that it may not be speedily dissi-
pated by injudicious use or diverted from the
purpose for which it is intended? I should
like this paid in installments sufficient to
carry the family until the children are edu-
cated or self-supporting.” This very terse.
requirement is already provided for. By
one of the many plans provided by The Pru-
dential Insurance Company, the money to
be paid the family can be paid in yearly
installments, thus carrying the children to
and beyond the period when they become
self-sustaining.

It should be remembered that the fore-
going figures are based on a fair minimum
of the possible savings of the average wage-
earner. Yet if that assumed minimum were
cut in two, a provision of $2,500 can be made
for the family under the same conditions, that
is, on the basis of a saving of only $1 per week.
On the other hand, a man who can set aside
$5 per week can carry $12,500 of insurance,

and thus provide a very comfortable income
for the family he leaves behind. Moreover,
it should not be forgotten that these figures
are based upon the age of thirty years. At
a lesser age the cost of insurance decreases
proportionately. Above thirty the cost in-
creases by slight advances for each year of
increased age. Two cautions are necessary.
In the enthusiasm which these figures create,
a young man may be tempted to take out
more insurance than he can carry. It is
wiser to be satisfied with a moderate amount
and to take increased insurance as one’s
earning power grows. On the other hand,
procrastination increases the annual pre-
miums and incurs the risk of a breakdown
in health, making insurance impossible. Thus
indecision in the choice of a plan may lead
to disastrous consequences, whilst extrava-
gance in assuming annual premiums is sure
to end in worry and disappointment.

The first important result of Life Insurance
is that it keeps the family together. How
often when the bread-winner is taken the
family is parted and partitioned among
strangers. Sometimes, at the best, the
children find shelter, more or less grudgingly
given, among scattered relations. At other
times they are sent to public institutions,
to grow up among strangers, with a bare
remembrance of the meaning of the word
home and its mother-love as a dim and far-
off dream. Almost every village has one or
more examples of the home broken up and
the family sundered and scattered. On the
other hand, it is a thing to be thankful for
that, as against one such broken home, almost
every village and town in the land has many
examples of the beneficent results of life
insurance, the family still clinging together,

bound by bonds of loving intimacy, education
fitting the children for complete living—the
mother happy, even in her grief, that she can
feed them, clothe them, guide them, keep
them; and this all due to the providence and
forethought of the husband. ~To her, mother
and wife, he seems yet present. He still
provides for the family,and this daily pro-
vision creates a new and binding tie between
the husband who is still ‘“‘the man of the
house” and the widow who mourns him.

The greatest legacy any man can leave his
children is a sound education. It is a trite
saying that knowledge is power. The
educated youth can go out into the world
and face life’s problems on an equal footing
with the best of compeers. He can cherish
and realize ambitions impossible to the un-
educated or half-educated. He can not
merely win the comforts that money will buy
but he can also enjoy the things of the mind
and the higher life. He can think the best
thoughts of the best men as these are en-
shrined in literature, and he can think the
thoughts which God has put into the starry
heavens above him and into all nature about
him—divine thoughts which-are formulated
into science as rapidly as man discovers
them. A heritage of millions is not so valu-
able to the individual as the legacy of school-
ing which puts into his hands the tools with
which he may carve his own fortune, the
weapons by which he may achieve his own
destiny. The individual, the home, the
nation, owe the founders of safe and reliable
methods of life insurance a debt of gratitude
which words cannot express, but which hearts
can feel and homes can show, and which the
State should never fail to recognize in its
protective legislation.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Advertiser

196 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1906

Miniature war aw ke |
Conservatories 4s afe |

with ventilating apparatus and all the growing essentials of a
greenhouse.

Do you know that with a window garden of this kind you can
supply vour house with cut flowers ina score of varieties from
Christmas to Easter? Think of having Tulips, Hyacinths, Datto-
dils, Azaleas, Cyclamen, Cinerarias, Primroses, Hydrangeas,
Oranges, clambering vines such as Smilax and Nasturtiums, and
other plants in a riot of bloom all winter long. And this is not all
for you can grow vegetables! Lettuce, spinach,water cress and even
tomatoes are some that you can have.

In winter and early spring flower and vegetable seeds can be
started as in a greenhouse, which, when planted out will give you
results weeks earlier than if you waited to sow seed in the
open ground. Youcan take up, before frost, the tender bedding

and other outdoor plants from your garden and retain their cheer ae a i ition ee 7 Mulch your Hardy Borders and

in the indoor garden. A stove is not even necessary for heating,

as the heat of the house is sufficient in ordinary weather and 1h bth ; nes Wee L Bulb Beds in November

in severe weather a small lamp provides the necessary warmth.

This little conservatory will give distinction and uniqueness ia hae” j
to your home. It is portabie and can be attached to or removed - ; : HE best mulch for beds and borders

from a rented house. (if you can get it) is well rotted stable
The regular stock size we have made measures 5 feet long, 2 ie igep 2 b : b ° h
feet 6 inches wide, 6 feet 6 inches high, and will fit any standard ey Se 2 uae F manure, because this can be spaded into the

window. i 2
ground next spring to feed the plants when
PRICE $42.50

they need it most.
The above price includes weather strips, supporting brackets, and is complete in every detail for erecting. It is

Cover your entire border—but not evenly.

shipped in ‘knock-down’ shape and can be easily attached by your local carpenter or anv handy man. Estimates on Two or three inches is enough. For large,
special sizes for large windows sent on request. Send for illustrated booklet ‘‘A Word About Window Gardens.” lusty-leaved plants such as foxgloves which
St) a a 3 b,

HORTICU LTU RAL CON STRUCTI ON COMPANY will ‘‘damp-off” under a close, heavy cover-

i ing, use a light covering of leaves held in
5 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK CITY place by branches or straw. Heap six

inches of well rotted manure over plants

— ; which show nothing above ground in winter,

Jones’ Pat. Folding Plant Stands | ——Lor Pall Planting «josie, and thes will respond wonder.
ie | fully. There are a few evergreen plants in

pum, Steel Seine oe 5. I OFFER A CHOICE STOCK OF ' the hardy border, mostly kinds that carpet

Window Shelves Shade and Ornamental Trees, Ev- the ground, e. g. golden-tuft (Alyssum sax

4

“as and other atile), aubrietias, coral bells (Heuchera san-
Cnet i Window ergreens, Shrubs, Fledge guinea), and the evergreen candytuft (beris
cultarasmele ; Coen Plants, Roses, Vines, ‘| sempervirens). Cover these with evergreen
aly soak post pesd Epc Hardy Peren- boughs instead of straw litter.
| Our new, Illustrated Catalogue gives f . While it is not strictly necessary to mulch
dpeceitcees oe eal a icrsat sections If nials, Etc ae bulb beds it always pays because the flowers
Sent free on application. Write for catalogue and price list. are better. Hyacinths are rather tender

Special Prices and Club Rates.

M. D. JONES & CO.

3 P. A. KEENE, MORRIS NURSERY COMPANY and although lilies can stand freezing you
77 Portland St., Boston, Mass., U. S. A. 1 MADISON AVENUE - - - - NEW YORK CITY

should try to keep the frost out of the ground
entirely. To accomplish this you must put
on six to twelve inches of leaves, with ma-
nure to hold them in place, sometime in
November, preferably just after the first
freeze. Never take any risk with early
blooming or high priced daffodils.

HOW TO PROTECT CERTAIN CHOICE PLANTS

Most of the mahonias or evergreen bar-
berries burn badly in exposed positions. A
few evergreen boughs will protect them from
winter sunshine. Certain deciduous bar-
berries (B. dulcis, stenophylla, Darwint)
should have a covering of leaves held in place
by coarse manure or evergreen boughs.

Vitex Agnus-castus and V. incisa after
being cut back should be well covered with
leaves and manure. Schizonotus discolor, Sor-

M A H O G JN N y C A S E S baria Lindleyana, Paliurus Spina-Christi

(P. aculeatus), Daphne, Hydrangea querct- |
FOR COIN COLLECTORS, BUTTERFLY COLLECTORS, NATURALISTS; jolia and gorse (Ulex Europeus), all need |
AND FOR HOLDING PHOTOGRAPHS, ENGRAVINGS, etc. |

covering as well as a mulch of leaves, while
Ligustrum Sinense, Cornus brachypoda, C.
macrophylla, C. Kousa and Hovenia dulcis
require only a mulch of leaves. |
Ilex opaca and I. crenata need covering if |
planted in exposed places.
Magnolias when young or newly planted
need a good mulch of leaves and manure
until the roots get well established in the
subsoil.
New York. N. R. GRAVEs.

W* have a small supply of mahogany cases which have met with such approval that we

offer our friends, who may wish to obtain holders for any of the uses mentioned
above, the opportunity of securing them. The cases are of polished mahogany, finely
finished, with brass hinges and catch. Size, 22% x174%x2%. The price is $4.50,
carefully packed, express prepaid.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 133-137 East 16th Street NEW YORK CITY

1906

NovEMBER,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

© From Factory to Home
A PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST peritsyoxt9

have stored
articles always handy and fragrant, and safe from moths, dust
anddampness. It costs about the same as one season’s stor-
age, but first cost is last cost. Best protection possible for
furs, woolens and fine clothing.

Chests are made of solid Southern Red Cedar, and not ve-
neered. They retain and impart an exquisitely refined odor
perpetually. Made in several sizes and handsomely trimmed.

Buya Piedmont. Eliminate storage costs and inconven-
ience, and do away with ill-smelling moth-balls.

Appropriate Gifts for Xmas, Birthday, Weddings.

Shipped direct from factory, freight prepaid. We
refund money and pay return freight if dissatisfied. :

Write for Booklet now, and leam low factory prices
and full description. i fi
PIEDMONT FURNITURE CO., Z Broad St., Statesville, N.C.

Wealso make a beautiful Box Couch of Solid Southern Red Cedar,
handsomely upholstered. Send for booklet and prices.

ae Indian Basket 25c

Hand-woven by Indians in Mexico from strong
palm fibre. Uniquely colored, durable, useful, or-
namental. 8 inches high; fine for den, sewing
room, etc. Warranted genuine. Retails for $1.00,
but fora limited time we will send, prepaid, for
25 cents (2 for 44 cents, different designs).

Genuine Indian Moccasins, $1.50 ,

All Indian hand-made; raw-hide soles, buckskin tops, prettily @
beaded,sinew sewn. Will outwear two pairs of shoes, Natural
foot-shape, comfortable and just the thing for house slipper, gar-
den or camp. Procured by us direct from the Indians and offered
here at half regular retail value. Note sizes offered: Indian's
foot is smaller than white’s, hence large sizes are hard to procure.

YZ beaded, small amount bead work on top, sizes up to 7, pair
$1.50; over 7S, supply limited,$2.00. 34 beaded, finer beading
and handiwork, like illustration, all sizes to 8s, pair $2.25. Full ©
beaded, finest Indian handiwork throughout, all sizes up to 8s,a 3

pair $3.00. oe
ver owastika Pin 25c

Hand-wrought from pure coin silver in design of the Swas-
tika Cross, the Navajo Indian’s symbol of good fortune.
Genuine, artistic, popular. Special Sale Prices as follows:
¥% in. Stick Pin, 25c; 34 in. Charm, 25c: 9-16 in. Brooch
Vin, 40c: Rings, any size, 35c; Fine Fob of 434 in.; Crosses,
$2.00: Swastika Bracelet with one cross, $1; with three crosses
$1.50,

Our new 80-page art catalogue of Mexican Drawnwork, Indian Rugs,
Potterv, Baskets, etc. Free with orders; alone 4 cents in stamps. Or-
der today—money refunded if desired.

The Francis E. Lester Co., Dept. J11, Mesilla Park, N. Mex.

‘Largest Retailers Genuine Indian & Mexican Handicraft in the World’
and most

Largest Son. Stock of
Hardy Plants in America

Catalogues on Application |
ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., Pirrspure, Pa. |

/— MUSICAL HANDBOOK FREE

toany one thinking of purchasing a musical instru-
ment. Contains illustrations, descriptionsand the
lowest prices on 25,000 instruments and supplies of
artistic musical quality. Alsomuch valuable infor-
Imation. Ourname for42yearshasbeenthestandard.

PIANOS, VIOLINS, MANDOLINS,

Band Instruments, Talking Machines, ete. Every-
thing known in music issold by us. Write today.

LYON & HEALY, \a adamest., cnicago
ARE YOU FOND OF MOTORING >
Read THE MOTOR PIRATE, and

or The Further Adventures of The Motor Pirate
Prepaid, $1.50 Each
L. C. Page & Company, Boston

THE CRUISE oF THE CONQUEROR: | |

There are no hardy bulbs which have
more points of merit than the Nar-
cissus or Daffodils — perfectly hardy,
growing and doing well in almost any
position, and as valuable for growing
indoors as for planting in the open
garden. The bulbs are now so cheap

that they should be grown in quantity
everywhere.

Our collection comprises the choicest
Large and Medium Trumpet, Poet’s
Double and other types of which the
following are but a few.

Per doz. Per 100

EMPEROR -50 $3.00
Pure yellow—very large.

EMPRESS 3.50
White and gold—-fine.

GOLDEN SPUR 3.50
Golden large trumpet.

GIANT PRINCEPS 1,50
Creamy white and yellow.

BARRII CONSPICUUS 1.50
YVellow—cup edged, red,

SIR WATKIN 3.00
Clear yellow—very large.

POETICUS (Poet’s Narctssus) 75
White—cup edged, red.

POETICUS ORNATUS 1,00

Improved form of above.

For other varieties as well as a com-
plete list of other bulbs, such as Tulips,
Hyacinths, Crocus, Lilies, etc., also
Hardy Garden Plants, Seasonable Flower
and Vegetable Seeds, etc., see

Dreer’s
Autumn Catalogue

Free on application to those mentioning this
magazine.

714 CHESTNUT ST.

H ENRY A. DREER, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

197

iinnes that oymbohze Beauty
and Permanence in the Garden

Y EARS of experience in working Marble, Granite,
Stone and Bronze have taught us how to obtain
the best results in the treatment of these materials.

We make Garden Furniture and Interior Deco-
rations, also Cemetery Memorials of high grade.

Notice this sketch of a Wall Fountain.

make a delightful feature in your garden?

@. Tell us of your needs and we will be
pleased to submit sketches without charge.

BARRE, VT.

New York

Would it not

LELAND & HALL COMPANY
657 Wego Aoapucr

GRANITE SHOPS

sTupIos { LONG ISLAND CITY, N.Y.

PIETRASANTA, ITALY

198

ACE,

GARDEN MAGAZINE

NOVEMBER,

Style 10—Ionic Design—$250 i

No Money In Advance |

Let me show you at #2 ow exfeuse how sweet- BB
toned, well-built and attractive are Lindenberg Pianos. }

I have placed ‘‘ Lindenberg Pianos ’”’ in some of the J
best homes in every part of the United States and can f
possibly refer you to some satisfied customer near your |
own home.

All our pianos are sold at the ‘factory price,”? which
means a saving to you of from $50. to $100. over the
usual method of buying.

My Plan of Sale

i}

(

2

s

5 , . s

offers you thirty days’ free trial in your own home. I )
°

i

»

40 ae 92 eae

prepay the freight east of the Mississippi River and place
the piano in your home without any expense to you.
If you are satisfied after the trial, I will arrange terms
of payment to suit your convenience. I am making a

. . a
i Special Introductory Offer (%
ah
i which I will explain fully if you will write VJ
Ry me for our book “Piano Wisdom.’ This Fy
1} contains information important to every }y
“ prospective purchaser of a piano. Write BY

_ | for it today—it is free. Address (
| PAUL LINDENBERG, Mgr. ff
] The Columbus Piano Company Fy

Thao

Makers of Pianos i
488 North High St., Columbus, Ohio rH

rg

9 2 8 a a a a eae a a ee Ea

101 BEST SORTS

THE S
LEEDLE .
Floral Company

SPRINGFIELD, O.
EXPERT GROWERS

LARGE TWO-YEAR-OLDS

to for $1. 4 for 50c., postpaic
STRONG YOUNG PLANTS

24 for $t. x4 for soc., postpaid

—

6‘ America’s Greatest Railroad’’

Operating more than 12,000 miles of Rail-
way east of Chicago, St. Louis
and Cincinnati comprising the

New York CENTRAL & HUDSON RIVER
LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN
Bic Four ROUTE
MICHIGAN CENTRAL
Boston & ALBANY
PirtspurG & LAKE ERIE
LAKE ErI&t & WESTERN
CuIcaGo, INDIANA & SOUTHERN
LAKE ErI£, ALLIANCE & WHEELING
New York & OTTAWA
and RUTLAND RAILROADS
For a copy of ‘‘America’s Winter Resorts,’’ send a two-

cent stamp to George H. Daniels, Manager General Ad-
vertising Department, Grand Central Station, New York.

Cae DAE

Passenger Traffic Manager,
New York. Es

An Excellent Way of Handling
Bulbs for Forcing

EVERAL years ago I tried an experi-
ment in growing winter-blooming bulbs,
which proved so successful that other flower-
lovers may like to adopt the same method.
After potting my bulbs—Dutch and Roman
hyacinths, narcissi in variety, early tulips
and crocuses—I had made in the garden a
small pit, in which the bulbs were placed,
and from which they were brought indoors
at intervals during the winter.

The construction of the pit was of the
simplest. A bottomless box was sunk in the
ground to a depth of three or four inches—
enough to make it stand firm. This left
an enclosing board frame about nine inches
high above the ground level. Inside this
frame the earth was dug out to a depth of
eighteen inches, and a layer of coarse coal
ashes on the bottom, covered by an inch or
two of dry sphagnum, insured good drainage.
On this foundation the pots of bulbs were
placed. The spaces between the pots were
filled with sphagnum, and a layer of moss was
laid over them. ‘The box was then filled in
with clean oat straw, tucked in with a warm
blanket of old carpet, and instead of a glass
sash a tight wooden lid was fitted on and held
in place by pine boughs. All these precau-
tions are necessary here, for the thermometer
sometimes registers far below zero!

My pit was made and filled late in October;
early in December it was buried under a foot
of snow. Two weeks before Christmas the
snow was dug away and the pit opened.
I watched the process with some misgivings,
but there, under their warm coverings, were
my pots, the earth in them unfrozen, while
the bulbs were pushing their noses above
the soil.

A few pots of Roman hyacinths and poly-
anthus narcissus (always the earliest bulbs
to flower indoors), also some Duc van Thol
tulips were brought in, and the pit was closed.

Placed in a southern window the bulbs
quickly responded to warmth and the scant
sunshine of those brief December days.
Christmas day saw the hyacinths in bloom,
and the paper-white. narcissus greeted the
New Year. The little tulips sprang up
almost in a single day—strange, ivory-white
things, and it was interesting to see the buds
flush with rose which deepened to scarlet,
while the leaves turned to clear pale green
when placed under the light of a lamp in the
evening.

But it was the Dutch hyacinth and the
trumpet narcissus that made a phenomenal
growth. Brought into the house at intervals
of three or four weeks, from the middle of
January on, the flower stems would shoot
upward like Jack’s beanstalk, and I have
never seen hothouse grown bulbs show more
massive spikes of bloom, or larger trumpets.

Since then I have grown many bulbs in
the same way. Crocuses and snowdrops,
the brillant ixias and sparaxis (too little
known) fragrant freesias, the lovely Gladiolus
Colvillei hybrids (so popular in England,
so seldom seen here), Spanish irises, and
many other bulbs may be as easily forced,
and whosoever will may have, during the

1906

DON’T
Rub
Boil
Soak
Woolens

RN Wooleaz

COARSE or FINE—RUGS and CARPETS to
most DELICATE Flannels LAST longer— |
LOOK better—FEEL better—ARE better—
‘SOFTER~FLUFFIER—UNSHRUNKEN if

A child can do the work.

-Its Mostly Rinsing

“Stunted lamp-light”—smoky
chimney, poor draught, imperfect
clouded
glass--why do people put up with

fit, cracking chimney,
this when good lamp-light is the
best light to read by?

I make and put my name—
MacsetTH—on_ lamp-chimneys
that are clear as crystal, never
break from heat and fit per-
fectly.

Macsetu lamp-chimneys give
lamps new life.

Let me send you my Index to tell you how to get
the right chimney for your lamp ; it’s free. Address,

MACB Ara Pittsburgh.

Gladioli

Willow Bank Nursery, Newark, New York

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 199

NovEMBER, 1906

A New Remarkable Carolina
Mountain Plant.

Stenanthium Robustum

(Mountain Feather Fleece)

This remarkable hardy perennial
is one of our best new introductions
and of the showiest of all herba-
.ceous plants. As the buds unfold in
early August they are quite upright
and ofa light green tinge, gradually
becoming whiter until at last they
burst forth into a veritable snow-
bank of drooping, fleecy bloom of
purest white, the panicles often >
to 3 feet long. In September the
flowers turn to shades of pink and
purple. A vigorous perennial, from
5 to 8 feet when well established,
and is absolutely hardy.

The Mountain Feather Fleece is
of easy cultivation, and makes a
wonderful show equaled by few
plants of any description.

The iilustration gives some idea
of Stenanthium when in full
bloom, but inadequately conveys
the beauty of the delicate, feath-
ered drooping flowers.

PRICES, POSTPAID.

Size 3. Small Strong Plants,
Each 25 cents ; per 10, $2.00
Size 2. Heavier Plants,
Each 40 cents ; per 10, $3.00
Size 1. Largest Size,
ach 60 cents ; per 10, $5.00

BY EXPRESS, NOT PAID.

‘Size 3. Strong Plants,
er 10, $1.25 ; per 100, $10.00
‘Size 2. Heavier Plants,
; Per 10, $2.25 ; per 100, $15.00
Size 1. Largest size,
Per 10, $3.00; per 100, $25.00

Without hesitation or fear, take an

REVOLVER , fe

and

‘*F¥ammer the Hammer”

These Three Circles
Tell the Story

The Iver Johnson simply cannot
go off unless the trigger is pulled
all the way back. Before this has been done
there is absolutely zo connection between the revolver
hammer and the firing-pin—see the middle circle.

The left-hand circle shows how, by pulling the trigger, the safety lever is raised into place under
the revolver hammer. When this hammer falls (see the right-hand circle) its blow is carried through
the lever to the firing-pin, and the cartridge is exploded with unfailing certainty. So that, unless you
pull the trigger, you can drop the revolver, kick it, hammer it—do what you please—it cannot be
discharged by accident. That’s why the sales of the Iver Johnson now exceed the sales of all other
American makes combined.

It is Just as Sure as It is Safe

For straight shooting and hard shooting it is unexcelled by any other revolver no matter what
its name or price. It is compact, graceful, easy to carry, easy to handle—in every way a gentle-
man’s weapon for pocket, desk or home.

Qur Free Booklet, ‘‘Shots,’’ Tells You More in Detail

why the Iver Johnson has won its place in public favor. It also contains much revolver lore that
every man should know. Our handsome catalogue goes with it.

: Highlands Nursery, roo acres. 3,800 feet elevation in the Caro-
lina Mountains, and Salem Branch, Salem, Mass., ““The Home of
Hardy Native Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Kalmias and Rare Carolina
Mountain Flowers.:

Beautifully Illustrated Catalog. Address

HARLAN P. KELSEY, OWNER,
SALEM, MASS.

: Kala aac wand LN FI No weeds or bad
a WSOdors. Helps nature hustle. For garden,
+Wacon W.W}lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants.

$ 4.00 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order.
e Delivered to your Freight Station.

Apply now.
The Pulverized Manure Go., 19Union Stock Yards, Chicago.

MAULE’S SEEDS LEAD ALL

Illustrated Catalogue free

WM. HENRY MAULE
1701 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Iver Johnson Safety
Hammer Revolver

g-inch barrel, nickel-plated
finish, 22 rim fire cartridge,

These revolvers can be fitted, at extra prices,
as follows: blued finish, 50c.; 2-inch barrels, no
additional charge; 4-inch barrel, 5oc.; 5-inch
barrel, $1.00; 6-inch barrel, $1.50; Pearl stocks,

Iver Johnson Safety
Hammerless Revolver

3-inch barrel, nickel-plated

22-32 caliber, $1.25; 38 caliber, ¢1.50; Ivory

4 finish, 32-38 center
stocks, 22-32 caliber, $2.50; 38 caliber, $3.00. a $6.00

fire cartridge -

32-38 center fire $5 00
r

Cartridge - -
For sale by Hardware and Sporting Goods dealers everywhere, or will be sent
prepaid on receipt of price if your dealer will not sapply. Look for the owl’s
head on the grip and our name on the barrel.

|
/ ah : IVER JOHNSON’S ARMS AND CYCLE WORKS
| 4 ay : : . 4 ae? f 167 River Street, Fitchburg, Mass.
| NEw YORE OFFICE: 99 Chambers Street
PaciFic Coast BRANCH: P. B. Bekeart Co., 2330 Alameda Ave., Alameda, Oal,
EUROPEAN OFFICE: Pickhuben 4, Hamburg, Germany

Makers of Iver Johnson Truss Frame Bicycles and Iver Johnson Single Barrel Shotguns

| : [ See tr ners ate
WIG Y UGLY LEANING
Tf you understand Modern Methods and CLOTHES POSTS that are a constant eye

ARM INTELLIGENTLY Se os = AN | fe (EE core? Get

nite 2 histasuia bento Oe ions HILL’S FAMOUS
LAWN DRYER

the growing of fruit or of flowers, is invited to
send fora free copy of our 80-page catalogue
and full information in regard to the Home
Study Courses in Agriculture, Horticulture, It always looks neat and tidy. Holds roo to i50
Landscape Gardening and Floriculture which feet of line, quickly removed after the wash. Lasts
SeepIN reese PEGE. Brooke ot ae: Nassee a eemirs saves ling and Clothes: No STINE in

fon : wet grass or snow; line comes to you. More than
chusetts Agricultural College and Prof. Craig two million people use them. Also Balcony

sa! and Roof Dryers.
“ If not found at hardware store,

of the Cornell University.
HILL DRYER CO., 359 Park Avenue, Worcester, Mass.

The Home Correspondence School
Dept. 8 SPRINGFIELD, MASS,

Write for
Catalog 89

Hardy Garden Flowers No. 10

There can be absolutely no question that the Holly-
hock is the stateliest of all tall perennials. Moreover
no other flower of its commanding height and nobility

of aspect has such extraordinary range of color. The
single varieties ought to be lined up along every road-
side in the land, and the seed should be scattered
with a lavish hand to glorify waste places in the months
of June, July and August.

But you make a great mistake if you buy only seeds
of Hollyhocks because you never get the most refined

forms and the purest colors from seed. {[f you want to
enjoy the Hollyhock in all its wealth of bloom, in all
the purity of its strongest colors, and in all the perfec-
tion of its most refined form you must buy plants of
named varieties which represent decades of patient,
loving, persistent breeding towards an ideal.

Plant single hollyhocks lavishly for bold mass ef-
fects, for they are more picturesque and less subject to
disease than the doubles. Plant the double holly-
hocks near at hand, where you can take the best of care
of them and enjoy their perfection daily.

We can give you the formula of the Copper Car-
bonate solution which will absolutely prevent the
Hollyhock disease that has been so disastrous, and
thus overcome the one objection to this superb peren-
nial.

Thus we can restore to our gardens the noblest tall
perennial flower in cultivation—a flower that should be
the main feature in the back row of every hardy bor-
der. No other tall perennial has so large a flower;
none has so widea range of color; few can equal it in
stateliness of growth, and no other old fashioned
flower of its height is so dear to the hearts of the
people or so rich in home associations.

Single Hollyhocks — Fine large-flowered
separate colors. Pink, light rose, white,
crimson, red, light red, salmon pink and
rose, $1.50 per doz., $10 per 100.

Large-flowered, all colors mixed, $1.25

per doz., $9.00 per 100.

Double Hollyhocks— Large-flowered in
separate colors. White, yellow, pink, rose,
salmon-rose, red, cherry-red and crimson.

Large-flowered, all colors mixed, $1.25

per doz., $9.00 per 100.

We are specialists in hardy perennials.
Let us send you our beautiful Fall booklet,
“Old Fashioned Flowers and the Newest
Varieties.”

J. B. KELLER SONS,
Rochester, New York

THE

coldest winter, in town or country—for a
small pit may find space, even in a city
back yard—a perpetual window garden of
spring flowers.

New York. Marcia E. Hate.

Kill the Cutworms in the
Greenhouse

i THE greenhouse the most common

insect, passing under the name of cut-
worm, is the larva or grub of the May beetle.
It makes its home in the sod and is es-
pecially numerous in old pastures—land
that has not been tilled for several years.
It is in the sod, gathered for use as potting
soil or for filling benches, that the cutworms
find their way into the greenhouse. To kill
these cutworms lime is often mixed with the
soil previous to its being taken into the green-
house, but it takes so much to insure their
destruction that the lime is often a serious
detriment to the soil.

I found a method—more by accident than
otherwise—of destroying all sorts of grubs in
soils composted for greenhouse work. The
compost heap had been made a few months
before, but just previous to filling the chry-
santhemum benches with it, I mixed tankage
with the soil at the rate of about forty pounds
to the cubic yard. In former years I had
used bone meal, but this season my soil
being rather deficient in nitrogen I used
tankage. When mixing the tankage with
the soil I found that it was badly infested
with cutworms, and my intention was_ to
apply lime before taking it in the greenhouses,
but on examination four days after the mixing
I found that the pile had generated enough
heat to cook all the insect life.

Soil mixed with bone meal in the same
proportion as given above will also generate
heat, but unless the conditions are very favor-
able to fermentation sufficient heat may not
be generated to kill all the insect life. This
may be materially assisted, however, by
having the soil rather moist and if favored
with close warm weather the results will be
all the more certain. A soil containing the
above amount of either of these fertilizers
will be rather strong for plants such as ferns
and what may be termed the less gross feed-
ing plants, but is excellent for general use.

Tankage is a product of the slaughter-
house, and is composed of blood and bone
together with the intestines and other waste
parts of animals, the whole being thoroughly
dried and then ground fine.

When the cutworms do get into the green-
house benches a good way to catch them
is to bury small pots—2 4-inch size—bottom
downward in the soil at frequent intervals
along the edges of the bench. They should
be buried deep enough so that the top of
the pot will be just a little below the level of
the surface of the soil. The soil should be
smoothed around the edges of the pot so as
to present no obstruction to the grubs, so
when they crawl around at night they will
fall into the pots from which they are unable
to crawl out. The pots should be visited
every morning to destroy the grubs trapped.
In this way I have cleaned benches that were
badly infested with cut worms.

Elmsford, N. Y. Wm. SCOTT.

GARDEN MAGAZINE

al

| GRAPES FOR EVERY
GARDEN

Grapes are the most tractable of all fruits. There is no
plant for the home garden that is so utterly indifferent to its
position. Grape vines will accommodate themselves to the
most difficult situations. They take up little room and are ex-
ceedingly ornamental in many ways, as arbors, on trellises, or
for covering unsightly walls and fences. They take up prac-
tically no room yet their yield is most abundant, providing de-
licious fruit for weeks when there are few other fresh fruits to
be had, and that with slight cost.

We will send you ten large grape vines of the best varieties
including Delaware, Niagara, Concord, etc., in three red, three
white and four black varieties, for $1.00, delivered free. These
are vines of the highest quality, just what we have been supply-
ing the large commercial grape grower who of course demands
the best for quality and yield. We have been growing grape
vines for forty years.

Send for the above collection to plant out this fall. Let us
send you our illustrated descriptive Hand Book which will tell
you how to plant, cultivate and train them.

T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY
FREDONIA, N. Y.

Grape Vine Specialists,

This is the only month

of the year you can select Chrysanthemums intelli-
gently. Go toa flower show, note the varieties you
want and order them from us now. We will grow
them especially to your order for Spring delivery.
We can supply any existing variety if you order.

. now and mention THE
GARDEN MacGazinE. We
are

Chrysanthemum
Specialists

Importers, Originators and
Disseminators of the Best
Novelties and Standard
Varieties

red Spring Catalogue in
2 . January

fata
NATHAN SMITH & SON
112 W. Maumee St., Adrian, Mich.

Buy From A Specialist

SPECIMEN TREES

Choice Evergreens; °F:

Ornamental Planting,
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS

Write for large illustrated catalog.
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist,
DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcuHIps in the United States

LAGER & How R REE
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

TN Genscan, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 201

When to Start Greenhouse
Vegetables

There’s plenty of time yet to start greenhouse
vegetables—fact is, any time up to February will
give you three to five months’ lead on the out-
door garden. If your greenhouse were ready by
the last of November, tomatoes planted from seed
would ripen the last of March and continue to yield
for a full four months. Five quarts to a plant is
nothing unusual.

Strawberry plants bought from your florist will bear
in nine weeks, a quart for every six or eight plants.

Those buttery string beans would give at least three
crops. Then there’s cauliflower, egg plant, melons
and cucumbers, with lettuce, radishes and spinach
grown in odd places as sort of temporary crops.
So if you get right at building your greenhouse,
there’s a good bit of pleasure in store for you—but
don’t put it off a day.

Lord ©& Burnham, Greenhouse Designers and
; Manufacturers, 1133 Broadway, corner 26th Street.
Splendid smooth thin-skinned tomatoes can be grown in pots against the partition. New York Boston Branch: 8 19 Tremont Building

The space between is utilized for strawberries, while the bed itself is
filled with potted foliage plants for borders in the Spring.

| oe Cok <s
The Satisfaction of Knowing

that your plans are under way for a greenhouse Is a pleasant thought,
but the fact of their being in the hands of people who not only know
construction but are keenly alert to the growing conditions best
adapted to produce the best plants—is more than satisfaction—it is
an assurance, a guarantee.

If you want to grow roses, we can construct the ideal rose house—
if it’s palms—we understand the creating of an artificial tropical con-
dition not only as to heat but the right housing.

We will not over advise you into building more house than you really
need, but will so plan that additions can follow in the least expensive,
yet ornamental way. Above all, you can count on pleasant dealing.

Send 5c. in stamps for our booklet-— ‘How to Get Started

BOOKS BY

Rudyard Kipling

Puck of Pook’s Hill. $1.50

They. Illustrated Holiday Edition. Net, $1.50. (Postage, 15c.)

Trafcs and Discoveries. $1.50.

The Five Nations. Net, $1.40. Postage, 14 cents.

Just So Stories. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents.

The Just So Song Book. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents.

Kim. $1.50.

The Day’s Work. $1.50.

Stalky & Co. 1.50.

The Brushwood Boy. $1.50.

Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50.

The Kipling Birthday Book. $1.00.

Life’s Handicap: Being Stories of Mine Own People. $1.50.

Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Wee Willie
Winkie. $1.50.

From Sea to Sea. Two Volumes. $2.00.

The Light that Failed. $1.50.

Soldier Stories. $1.50.

(With Wolcott Balestier.) The Naulahka. $1.00.

Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads. $1.50.

Soldiers Three. The Story of the Gadsbys, and In Black and White.

81.50. PUBLISHED BY

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

133 East 16th Street, New York City

HITCHINGS & COMPANY, Greenhouse Designers and Builders
Manufacturers of Heating and Ventilating Apparatus
1170 Broadway, NEW YORK

Ftc

202 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NOVEMBER, 1906

Luxuriously :

Werm Send Vee a free sample
of the wonderful filling of this Cone

You can’t realize how warm and d7ght a MatsH Comrort is, how different from the ordinary
heavy comforts, until you see the fd/img. Let us send you, free, a section of it cut froma ‘‘ MaIsH.”’

A Maisu Comrort is a supple, fluffy mass, full of thousands of tiny air cells, zon-conductors
that keep the body-warmth zz. The MAtsu process separates and curls the long fibres of the finest,
| snow-white cotton, weaves them into filmy layers, then merges these layers into ove continuous
piece, the same luxurious thickness at every point. Very warmand light; delightful to sleep under.

Leading stores have MatsH ComrForts; ask for them but look for this trade-
mark. Don’t accept uxhealthful, heavy comforts, nor comforts filled with
chicken feathers sold as ‘‘ Eiderdown.”’

Don’t risK contagion

Comfort-
TRADE-MARK

Dainty coverings hide unclean ‘‘ waste’ from cotton-mills; even cast-off clothing is ground
into shoddy and used for comfort filling. If a dealer hasn’t MaisH ComForts, order direct from us.

To those who prefer to cover their own comforts, we furnish MAIsH LAMINATED Corton Down Batts—the filling,
in any size ready for covering.

Write to-day for section of filling, samples of Maish silkolene and sateen coverings in attractive new patterns,
and ‘‘Comfort’’ a book of valuable facts about bedding.

j Tue Cuas. A. MaisH Company, 1133 Bank Street. CincINNATI.

Fallen Leaves

can be gathered more quickly, easily and thoroughly, and in
less time, with the ‘Apollo’? Sweeper than with rake and
basket, or by any other method. They will come in very handy
for covering flower beds, tender roots, etc. Used as bedding for horses
and stock they will soon save you more than the cost of the Sweeper.

Ghe “APOLLO” SWEEPER

is the ideal machine for sweeping Lawns, Porches, Sidewalks,
Pavements, Barn Floors, Factories, Warehouses, etc.

If your dealer can't supply you, write us, and we will ship an ‘“‘Apollo”
Sweeper on 10 days approval. rite for our Free Booklet, illustrating
and describing the various sizes we manufacture.

34 Sycamore St., SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. (Good Canvassers Wanted.)

cum

THE GREENE MFG. CoO.,

MENNEN

orate Ta

TOILE

BOOKS
MAGAZINES
PICTURES

For Christmas Presents are
ready to be examined at
our library sales-

| room now

Arrange your Christmas plans
to-day. We are ready

OUTDOOR CHILDREN

are healthy children. Send them into the open air, but
don’t neglect to protect their little hands and faces
from the painful chapping and chafing which winter
and outdoor sports inflict on tender skins. The best
protection is the daily use of
MENNEN’S 2eRATrO TALcUM
TOILET POWDER
Put up in non-refillable boxes, for your protection.
If Mennen’s face is on the the cover, it’s genuine,
that’s a guarantee of purity. Delightful after shay-
ing. Sold everywhere, or by mail 25 cts.

Sample free.
Gerhard Mennen Co. Newark,N. J.

Try Mennen’s Violet(Borated) Talcum Powder
Cit has the scent of fresh cut Violets)

RETAIL DEPARTMENT

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
133 East 16th Street

Between 4th and 3rd Avenues

NEW YORK

Making Southern Lawns

SUALLY in our Southern gardens the
lawn does not assume the dominant

place that it does in the North. This is not
because a good lawn cannot.be had, but
because of not knowing how to maintain

one. A lawn needs little care, but it cannot
be kept fresh and green without watering
in the dry, hot spells. The following way is
how the good Southern lawns are made.
About the end of April plow the land six
inches deep, then harrow, to break all the
clumps and cut all the small roots. Having
done this, wait for the first wet spell, to sow
the grass seed. The Bermuda grass with-
stands the hot summer best. It is fibrous
rooted, and very green. After sowing roll
the seed in. The best way to sow grass seed
is by hand, thus ensuring a good even stand.
Six pounds to the acre is the general rule.
In extra shady spots, sow it more thickly.
No fertilizer is used. In about ten days the

Bermuda grass makes the best summer lawn in
the South. Sow English rye grass each fall in order
to have a green lawn all winter

young shoots appear above the soil. Ber-
muda grass does not need as much mowing as
the winter lawn does, and it makes a good
sod, which is unsurpassed for tennis and
croquet courts. A lawn of Bermuda grass
can be kept to perfection during all the hot
weather by watering it. It is better to do
this in the evening, after the day’s heat is over.

After the first frost the Bermuda grass
dies down, but before this happens seed
of the English rye grass for the winter lawn
must be sown. It isnot necessary to plow
the land for this, but some prefer to do so.
The first week in September, plow the soil
about eight inches deep. Then harrow well.
In all cases the soil must be without clods.
Cotton seed meal is applied at the rate of one
ton to the acre. Sow the English rye grass at
the rate of one and a half bushels to the acre,
and roll it in. It does not spread like the
Bermuda grass. Assoonas it is three inches

——

——

NovEMBER, 1906

Th (GAR DEIN MAGAZINE 203

U-Bar
Greenhouses
pesto La a t

On Pages 2 and 3

OF

Our New Catalog

we tell in an easy to understand
way, just what the U-Bar Green-
house is—how it differs from other
greenhouses— why it grows more
and better flowers—why so much
more ornamental to your grounds,
etc.

But first we want you to send for
all the catalogs of all the other
greenhouse builders—then send for
ours—we want you to do it that
way because only by contrast, by
comparison can you really know,

appreciate U-Bar strong points.

PIERSON U-BAR COMPANY

DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS
U-BAR GREENHOUSES

Metropolitan Building, 4th Ave. & 23rd St.
NEW YORK

Note the lightness of construction,
the pleasing effect of the curved eaves

The Reason
you Don?t

HaveloPaint ROOHING

It’s all in the top surface. We could show you better if you had a sample
in your hands. But the enlarged diagram of Amatite shows it pretty
well. The mineral surface you see there takes the place of paint and

coating. It makesthat extra expense unnecessary. It saves both
time and money.
Lay Amatite and that is the end of your roofing troubles.

When you la

the ordinary (AMOI
Kinds, your ity COMPOSITION
roofing troub- —- WOOL FELT

les begin. You

have to paint or coat them every yearorso. ‘Their expense soon amounts to as much
as the original cost of such roofings.

Amatite costs Jess than the other kinds to buy, and it costs nothing whatever to main-
tain. Amatite is the kind of roofing youwant. The kind that is naturally waterproof.
Amatite does not have to hide under a coat of paint in order to give good service.
It is made to take the brunt of any kind of weather under any kind of conditions.

Send for a sample and examine the mineral surface for yourself, You will see at

once that it is the only kind worth having. We will send a Sample free on request.
ADDRESS NEAREST OFFICE OF

BARRETT MANUFACTURING CO., AMATITE DEPT. ye

ENLARGED SECTIONAL DIAGRAM

NEW YORK CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA CINCINNATI CLEVELAND BOSTON MINNEAPOLIS
KANSAS CITY ST. LOUIS NEW ORLEANS ALLEGHENY

UY YOU WANT THIS FREE BOOK
< Here is a book which will show you how easily and inexpensively you can
put your home and business in touch with the outer world and its markets. It
will show you how the telephone quickly pays for itself, and why it is more
than a mere convenience for those who must stay in the house all day. It
shows you, too, why

; STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONES

/’ are the only ones to be considered for farmers’ lines. The book is crowded
/,, with practical information on the building of farmers’ lines and the organization
of farmers’ companies. It goes to you from the greatest independent telephone
plant in the world—the one that has been in the fore-front of the battle for
independent telephone lines. Don’t put it off—write to-day for booklet
180 D, ‘How the Telephone Helps the Farmer.”

Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Company
Rochester, N. Y. Chicago, IL

5 UNION ST., BOSTON, MASS.”

USHES, HEDGES © ALL’ PROM
JSHES;: HEDGES = ALL’ PROMP
all setting - time is here. Order now our hardy, thrifty, Pear,

eve Peach, Apple Trees, Berry Bushes, Roses, California Privet — anything in

the nursery line. Millions of plants and trees ready. Handsome catalogue
contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart. It’s free. Send now for it.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box N. MOORESTOWN. N. J.

RAWSON'S

* Select Bulbs for Fall Planring

; Late or May Flowering Tulips

One of the Most Valuable Classes of Tulips.
We Offer Exclusive Varieties in Our Handsome Illustrated Bulb
Catalogue of 1906.
Mailed Free Upon Application.

Note Our New Address .

. 5 UNION STREET,

W.W. RAWSON & CO.
BOSTON, MASS.

W.W. RAWSON: & CO.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NovEMBER, 1906

TRADE-MARK

The perfect material and scientific principle of construction of the Sy-CLo
Closet entirely overcomes the unpleasant and unsanitary features that make

the ordinary closet a menace to health.

The Sy-C1io Closet does away with

the necessary care that makes the common closet a household burden.

Study the sectional view of the Sy-CLo illustrated below. Notice
the unusual extent of water surface in the bowl. No possibility of

impurity adhering to the sides.

always clean.

That’s why the Sy-Cro is

Unlike the ordinary closet, the Sy-C1Lo Closet has a
double cleansing action, a combination of flush from
above and a powerful pump-like pull from below.
The downward rush of water creates a vacuum in
the pipe into which the entire contents of the
bowl is drawn with irresistible syphonic force.

That’s why the Sy-Cio Closet is called

- That
Cleans Itself

The sectional cut shows the deep water-seal that perpet-
ually guards the household health by making impossible the
escape of sewer gas, a subtle and often unsuspected poison.

The material of the Sy-C1Lo Closet is heavy white china, hand
moulded into a single piece. No joint, crack or crevice to retain im-
purity. Nosurface to chip off or crack. Nothing to rust or corrode. Un-

affected by water, acid or wear.

The name ‘“‘Sy-C1Lo”’ on a closet guarantees that it is made under the direction
and supervision of the Pot-
teries Selling Company, of

Valuable Booklet on
“Household Health”
sent free
if you mention
the name of
your Plumber.

America.

the aid of the best engineer-
ing skill, and has the united \ “*
endorsement of eighteen of
the leading potteries of

the best materials, and with (

Lavatories of every design
made of the same material
as the Sy-CLo Closets.

POTTERIES SELLING COMPANY,

TRENTON, WN. J.

The Agricultural Experts Association

GEORGE T. POWELL, President
120 Broadway N. Y.

Dp EvELOEMENT of Country Places; Examinations made of
Land with full reports and Suggestions for Improvement;
Advice on General Management; Policies Outlined; Location of
Buildings; Landscape Work; Orchard Development; Care of
Forest Land and Live Stock. Correspondence invited.

SUN-DIALS

with or without PEDESTALS

Send for Illustrated Price List H
ie.

y
Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co.
Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

“scien
New York Office, 1123 Broadway

Horsford’s Autumn Supplement

of Buibs and Hardy Lilies for Autumn planting. Ready last of

August. Ask for it before placing orders.
FRED’K H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt.

FAIRFAX POSES
CANNOT BE EQUALLED

GROWN BULBS

All Varieties—Unsurpassed—Catalogue Free

The Leedham Bulb Co., Santa Cruz, Calif.

Catalogue free

Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

CALIFORNIA

high it is mowed for the first time, to get it
in shape. It is very hardy, and withstands
the frosts, which are very severe at times.

The winter lawn can be had for much less
trouble. Rake into the summer lawn 500
pounds of cotton seed meal to the acre, then
sow and rake in one bushel of English
rye grass to the acre. An iron-toothed
rake is used for this. The lawn procured by
this method is quite as good as the one which
needs so much time and labor. Where there
are only a few acres to plant, this is the
better in every way.

Under the trees, where the sun never strikes,
the rye grass is not hardy. Mix two parts of
English rye grass with three parts of white
clover, to plant in the shady places. This
lawn needs much more mowing than the
Bermuda grass lawn.

The English rye grass, although a perennial
does not come up the second year, so must
be resown every autumn. But the Bermuda
grass comes up as soon as warm weather
comes and the winter lawn dies before the
scorching summer sun. It cannot stand the
heat of the South, but the cold does not affect
it. Of course, when you plow up the Ber-
muda grass to plant the English rye grass, in
the autumn, it will not come up unless it is
planted again.

Georgia. ROBERT A. WRENCH.

The Southerner’s Reminder

6 Pee Southern planting season for trees,
- shrubs, evergreens, vines, fruits, and
hardy roses begins in November and reaches
its climax in January.

Set out lettuce and cabbage plants that are
to stay outdoors all winter. Sow lettuce
and cabbage in coldframes. Set out as-
paragus roots and strawberry plants. Plant
Dutch bulbs.

Make the winter lawn by sowing English
rye grass; the sooner the better.

A Specimen Chrysanthemum

Sut a plant as is shown on the cover

design of this number of the GARDEN
MaAGAzINE represents a degree of cultural skill
that is very often undervalued by those who
visit the fall flower shows when the chrysan-
themum is to be seen at its best.

Cuttings, from which full specimen plants
like this are to be grown, are rooted in De-
cember and from that time, until November,
the plants demand constant attention; other-
wise they will fail to develop fully. Plants
which are to be grown to a single flower may
be started later in the season.

The perfect specimen plant is not only
well and evenly formed, but the flowers
should be evenly distributed over the entire
surface, in not too formal a manner, and they
must all be expanded at thesame time. The
specimen illustrated, which was exhibited at
one of the shows at the American Institute
of the City of New York, carried 150 flowers.
These are trained into their final positions grad-
ually, the shoots being tied to wire frames as
they develop. Readers who are specially
interested in growing chrysanthemums should
read Mr. I. L. Powell’s fully illustrated article
in the May number of the GARDEN MAGAZINE.

‘ime.

NovEMBER, 1906

What is a
Hot-Air Pumpr

T is practically a little stove with a pump attached,
and any man, woman orchild who can light a little
fire in a stove, can runa Rider or an Ericsson Hot-

Air Pump. A skilled engineer can pump alot of water
With an explosion engine, and a wind-mill will deliver it
part of the time, but the Hot-Air Pump’s superiority to
€ither liesinits Simplicity andits constancy, that is, no
high-priced engineer is required andit is absolutely inde-
pendent of the wind. When the wind blows of course
a wind-mill is a cheap purveyor of water, but for a
constant, dependable water supply a Hot-Air Pump is far
and away the cheapest method obtainable. Trueit is an
engine, but one of very low power, just enough for its
particular purpose, pumping water. A double handful of
coal, a little oil inalamp, ora quart or two of gasoline
will ran a Hot-Air Pump for hours and deliver thousands
of gallons. The hot air from this small amount of fuel
is sufficient to move the piston, and when the fire is once
started, especially when oil or gasoline is used, the pump
is automatic; requires no watching and will run itself all
day,—so much for cheapness and ease of operation.

At present more than 40,000 of these pumps are in
use, their number has been gradually increasing, during
the past forty years throughout the world. They are, in
a way, an indication of the spread of civilization and those
modern household necessities once so rare as to be luxu-
Ties in the country districts, z.e., the bath, and running
waterinthe house. But, you ask, are not these engines
dangerous or likely to explode? Not in the least —
exnlosion is a physical impossibilitv, no matter how brisk
your fire, that is the difference between a steam engine
and one worked by hot-air; the former is a machine of
high, the latter one of low power. Again, the Hot-Air
Pump is small, inconspicuous and portable. It can be
tucked away in a corner of your cellar, in the barn or
woodshed, no elaborate structure is required, such as a
wind-mill tower. You simply lay a pipe to the nearest
or most convenient well, spring or running brook and
there you are, with your water delivered in abundance
every day inthe year. Well,— did we hear you ask the
price? It is not miuch. Is $108 high for a pump which will
supply all your household water for a generation?

Lack of space prevents our telling you all the good
points about a Hot-Air Pump. Will you write therefore
tothe office nearest your residence for our special cata-
logue U? It will be mailed you with our compliments
and with pleasure.

Here are the offices:

35 Warren Street, New York
239 Franklin Street, Boston
40 Dearborn Street, Chicago
40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia

234 Craig Street West, Montreal, P. Q.
22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S. W.
Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba

Rider-Ericsson Engine Co.

THORBURN’S BULBS—,

Our bulb catalogue, containing the largest and most varied
assortment of high class bulbs in America, free. Send

for it. J. M. THORBURN & CO., 33 Bar-

clay St., through to 38 Park Place, New York.
fi

RA It Is Worth While
Buy a machine that does the work

_ Tight—that cleans its strainer automatically
; with a brush, mixes liquid mechanically so that
{PD foliageis never burned, but getsits due proportion.

EMPIRE KING, and
ORCHARD MONARCH

do these things. They throw finest spray, are
easiest to work and they never clog. You ought to
know more about them. Write for instruction
book on spraying, formulas, ete. Mailed free.

FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., No.48'l1TH St., Eumira, N.Y.

ie

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 205

Country Home of Rev. J. Wilbur Chapman, Winona Lake, Ind. Supplied with water
by Kewanee Water Supply System.

WATER FOR YOUR
COUNTRY HOME

OU may have all the conveniences of a city water supply in your country home.
You may have an abundant supply of water delivered under strong pressure to all
the plumbing fixtures in the house, to the hydrants in the garden, lawn, stables —
anywhere. Besides you may have ample fire protection for your buildings. This is
all accomplished by

THE KEWANEE WATER SYSTEM

The Kewanee System is easily explained. It consists simply of having an air-tight
steel Kewanee tank located in the cellar, buried in the ground or placed in a special pump-
house provided for its protection. Water from your own well, cistern or other natural
source, is pumped into this tank. When the Kewanee tank is two-thirds full of water, all
of the air which originally occupied the entire space, is compressed into the upper one-third.
At this point there will be a pressure of sixty pounds exerted on the water. By installing
the right size of tank you may be sure of an abundant supply and there will be ample
pressure to deliver the water to the highest plumbing connection or most distant hydrant.

THE KEWANEE PNEUMATIC TANK—

=== Rests on solid ground where it can do no damage. It is unexposed to the extremes
in weather, and insures a frost-proof water system and provides water of the right temper-
ature during allseasons. It is made of steel and will outlast a dozen overhead tanks. No

attic tank to leak and flood the house. No elevated tank to freeze or collapse. No
bursted or frozen pipes.

The illustration above shows the country residence of The Rev. J. Wilbur Chapman.
He writes: ‘We are perfectly delighted with the Kewanee System of supplying our country
house with water and I wish again to thank you for sending me so fine an outfit.”

Over 5000 Kewanee Outfits now in successful operation.

Write for catalogue No. 16 which explains everything and tells where Kewanee outfits
may be found in your state. It’s free if you mention GARDEN MAGaziNe.

KEWANEE WATER SUPPLY CO.

DRAWER 5S, KEWANEE, ILL.

vps
ae
KEWANEE SYSTEM IN OPERATION

206 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NovemMBerR,

The Only
Line of
High Grade

Tools me
Under One = «e=_-

= PS —

Trademark Almost every-day-some sort of atool

could be used to advantage around
the house, and oftentimes it 1s absolutely
necessary to have tools at once, to make repairs.

The best way to buy them and the most
convenient way to keep them is in a cabinet.

EEN KUTTER

TOOL CABINETS

are the only ones made containing a complete set of high grade tools under
one name and trademark. Every tool isa KEEN KUTTER, which means
it is the highest grade and fully guaranteed. No cheap tools.

Ask us to send you handsomely illustrated Catalog showing our complete
line of IEEEN KUTTER Cabinets ; then select the cabinet containing the
assortment of tools you want and your dealer will supply you. If not,
write us and give us your dealer’s name.

This booklet contains cabinets from $8.50 to $50.00, according to
assortment of tools. 4 postal will bring tt.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY, St. Louis and New York, U. S. A.

IM
ec SIMMONS

“Everyone Exclaims About Our Lights! \ ~

“The Lamps are splendid. Everyone exclaims about the amount of light they give,’’
writes Mrs. W. T. Reese, Tiffin, Ohio. ‘My city friends visiting here say they are as good
as gas. In fact, my home is now considered the best lighted house in the county. Why,
when we go visiting our neighbors of an evening it is hard to keep from exclaimi:.g about
the poor light they have!’’ f

HE Angle Lamp is the zew method of burning

common kerosene oil, and is as different from

the ordinary lamps in SUS as itis in appearance. It °

makes common kerosene the best, the cheapest and

the most. satisfactory of all lighting methods. Safer

and more reliable than gasoline or acetylene, yet as
convenient to operate as gas or electricity.

The Angle Lamp

is lighted and extinguished like gas. May be turned
high or low without odor. No-smoke, nodanger. Filled
while lighted and without moving. Requires filling but
once or twice a week. It floods a room with its beautiful, soft, mellow light that has no equal. And
yet the lamp actually pays for itself. For while the ordinary round-wick lamp, usually considered the
cheapest of all lighting methods, bums but about. five hours ona quart of oil, The Angle Lamp bums
a full sixteen hours on the same quantity. .But send for our catalog “41” explaining the new principles
employed in this lamp, and for our proposition for selling on

30 DAYS’ TRIAL
Wouldn’t you like to have your home admiringly referred to by your neighbors as ‘‘the best lighted house in the county”’—

if you kvew such alight would cost so wzuch less than-your present system as to pay for itself ina tew months’ use? Then write
for catalog ‘‘41’’ desciibing The Angle Lamp fully arid listing 32 varieties from $1 Soup. It is free for the asking.

THE ANGLE MEG. CO., 78-80 Murray Street, NEW YORK

HEN AND PIGEON MANURE

H. C., Md.—Hen and pigeon droppings are much
stronger than ordinary stable manure. By mixing them
with about ten times their bulk of stable manure there
will be no danger of burning the plants. There are no
particular plants for which they are better adapted than is
stable manure.

PLANTING STRAWBERRIES IN THE SOUTH

B. W., N. C.—In the South strawberries can be planted
any time during the fall, winter or spring when the ground
can be worked. After planting give each a mulch—a
forkful of manure around each plant. This will protect
them from the cold and will also fertilize the ground. Fall
planting is to be preferred.

POISON FOR MICE

H. M. G., Ohio—The mice which are destroying your
bulbs can be killed by poisoned food. Soak sweet corn
kernels in water in which strychnine has been dissolved.
The water must be hot to dissolve strychnine. Allow
corn to soak twelve hours, then dry the corn and place
where the mice are working.

WIREWORMS ON CARNATIONS

H. W., New Yorx—The carnation plants submitted
are infested with wireworms, a very troublesome pest. A
satisfactory method of eradication is to place pieces of
carrots on the soil infested and remove them each morning
with the wireworms. Kill the worms by dropping them
in boiling water or kerosene. The wireworms are very
fond of carrots.

RHODODENDRONS IN CITIES

B. J. W., Prenn.—Rhododendrons, like conifers, do
not succeed in cities because there 1s too much coal smoke
and dust in the atmosphere which clogs the stomata or
plant’s breathing pores. If you are on the outskirts of the
city they may do well. | See Mr. Dunbar’s directions for
preparing the rhododendron bed in the July GarpEn
MAGaZINE, page 334

DIVIDING LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY

H. M. S., New Yorx—The best time to divide lily-of
the-valley (Convallaria majalis) is in the fall—October or
November—after the other roots have ripened. You can
tell when they ripen, because the leaves turn yellow and
drop. After setting the clumps in the new position they
will come through the winter much better if they have a
mulch of loose litter or something of that sort.

PROPAGATING IVIES

H. F. K., New Jersry—The English ivy (Hedera
Helix) may be propagated at any time of year by cuttings
of half ripened wood. The woodbine (Ampelopsis quin-
quefolia) is grown from hardwood cuttings taken in Sep-
tember or October. The Boston ty is best grown from
seeds sown under glass or outdoors as soon as ripe. It
may also be increased by cuttings cf green wood made in
May or June inserted in a propagating bench which has
a gentle bottom heat.

PROPAGATING JAPANESE ANEMONE

C. D. J., Mass.—Late November or December is an
excellent time to propagate the Japanese anemone (Ane-
mone Faponica). Cut the roots into pieces one-half to one
inch long and sow them in a seed pan or flat, just as if
they were seeds. Use a good seed soil. Or they may be
laid in rows in sand in a propagating bench. The former
way is preferable. As soon as roots are being freely pro-
duced pot cff, putting them in 2-inch pots. Shift as neces-
sary and plant in the open ground in April in nursery-
rows, putting the young plants a foot apait.

1906

oan

1906 ME GAR Dit N 7 MAG AZ I NIE

NOVEMBER,

| Wivanco Tool Cabinets

Full size tools; best quality; fully war-

207

REFINISH YOUR FURNITURE

ranted and sharpened ready for use

TOYS

Also assortment of nails, screws, tacks, screw eyes,

$10 to $25

etc., in drawer. All cabinets made of polished quar-
tered oak, and fitted with brass hinges, cylinder
lock, and special brass tool fastenings. Write for Illus-
trated Catalogue of Tool Cabinets and Work Benches.

Why not Buy at Wholesale Prices ?

Over 30,000 labor saving, money saving articles for
the shop, home and farm, fully illustrated, described
and priced in our big new catalogue No
Contains a larger variety of mechanic’s tools and
thousands of other things too numerous to mention,
at lower prices than heretofore shown in any cata-
logue ever published. You willspend hours of interest
over its pages. You will marvel at the wonderful va-
riety all complete in one book. It makes buying pleas-
ant as well as profitable. You cannot afford to be
without this catalogue. It costs us $1,00 to print, but
we will send it to you post paid, free of charge.
Write for it today. We guarantee satisfaction
or refund your money. /reiqht rates are lower from
New York than elsewhere. BUY IN NEW YORK.

WHITE, VAN GLAHN & CO.

Dealers in Reliable Merchandise since 1816
0 Chatham Square, NEW YORK CITY —oo_m

How to Make a Fruit Garden

By S. W, FLETCHER

Amateur and professional horticulturists alike
will find this work invaluable. It is based
upon expert knowledge and experience; and
the pictures are at once practically helpful and
very beautiful. 200 photographs, mostly by
the author.

Uniform with ‘““How to Make a Vegetable Gar-
den” and ‘‘How to Make a Flower Garden.”’

$2.20 P. STPAID

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

a PAGE &Co. NEW YorK.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD’s WORK
IN AMERICA FARMING

G. H. PETERSON

Rose and Peony Specialist
FAIR LAWN, N. J.

Fresh Rhubarb

Grows in your cellar, for your winter table.

Tender, red rhubarb is delicious for sauce or pies—tastes un-
commonly good in mid-winter. You can grow the choicest plants
in your cellar—the darker the better—without bother or care.

I supply the roots and tell you how. You have rhubarb to eat
in 4 to 6 weeks.

Pick fresh, crisp stalks for the table, in coldest weather all
winter. Beats canned fruits or preserves.

Clumps ready for growing, 25c, each; 6 clumps
(enough for an average family all winter), $1 25.

STOKES’ SEED STORE 7'°,yiitket Street

Interesting, simple and fascinating. Our
practical Free Book makes it a simple
matter to finish or refinish furniture,
woodwork, floors in Weathered, Mission,
Mahogany, Flemish and other effects
with Johnson’s Prepared Wax. Apply
Johnson’s Prepared Wax with cloth to
any finished wood and rub to a polish
with dry cloth. A beautiful finish
will be immediately produced. It
cleans, preserves and polishes the
wood in one operation.

Johnson’s Prepared Wax

“A Complete Finish and Polish for All Wood.”

For Furniture, Woodwork and Floors

Sold by all dealers in paint — 10 ct. and 25 ct.
larger size cans.

packages and

It produces a beautiful, lasting and sanitary finish and polish to which
dirt and dust will not adhere. It will not show scratches, blister, peel off
orcrack. Fine for linoleum, oilcloth and leather.

Our book explains how you can easily change the color and finish of furni-
ture to harmonize with your woodwork or furnishings.

We save you money by telling how old, discarded, poorly
finished furniture can be made serviceable and stylish.

Write at once for 48-page color book, regular 25c edition, that gives all
this information. Sent free postpaid fora limited time. Mention edition G.M.11

S.C. Johnson & Son - = Racine, Wis.

“The Wood-Finishing Authorities.”

Rose

CONARD & JONES CO., Box P, West Gr rove, Pa.

Write to-day for our art booklet ** How
to Grow mores and our New Flo-
ral Guide—FREE.

Growers of ‘‘the Best Roses in America.’

elicious apples, etc.-STARK Bro’s, LOUISIANA, Mo.

Valuable Wood

Lumber is becoming so expensive that in many parts of the country it is now cheaper to build
with concrete, stone or brick than with wood. _ All the more important is it that property owners
should preserve the wood they have—it wil! be costly to replace.

The only known way to preserve exposed wood is to paint it and keep it ted There

is a choice in paints: the kind that cost least, look best and wear longest are based on OXIDE
OF ZINC.

A Suggestive Pamphlet, ‘‘Paint:

The New Jersey Zinc Co.

71 Broadway, New York

Why, How and When,’’ FREE
to property owners.

We do not grind zinc in oil. A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application.

TREES For 81 Years

ve maintained their record—

HIGHEST QUALITY, LOW PRICE. Free
" catalog superb fruits—King David, BI’k Ben,

208 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NovEeMBER, 1906

HICKS TREES

4 to 6 in. in diameter, 16 to 30 ft. high
BY THE CARLOAD

Save years of waiting for ordinary Nursery
stock. One perfectly developed tree is worth
several small trees and is the most economical
investment. A class of stock that people want.
It is within the means of the average purse.

The usual sizes of trees, shrubs, old-fashioned
flowers, and formal garden material in quantity.

Evergreen, oak and chestnut seedlings by
the 100,000 grown from Long Island seed to
fit the conditions of Long Island and north-
eastern United States. The foresight and
skill of the Westbury Nurseries makes possible
reforesting barren land, the planting of wind-
breaks, shelter belts and screens.

Send for price list.
We have prepared for moving, on Hicks Patent Tree-movers,

large shade trees up to 50 feet high and 30 feet spread of roots and
top. Large evergreens up to 45 feet high.

12 Tree Movers—expert men—sent anywhere

ISAAC HICKS inp SON

Nurserymen and Scientific Tree Movers
Telephone 76 W WESTBURY STATION, LONG ISLAND

a simple, common sense
plan, they are economical, easy to run, quick to regulate. We
sellthem straight from our factory to your cellar—no middl
men, no intermediate profits. Hess teaches you how to set hismig
furnace up without expert help and guarantees complete suc-fe
cee or money, perundeds Hundreds pamedone A Sues ats
ou can. rices low—factory prices. rite for our 40-page
From Factory furnace book. It contains complete illustrations of our furnaces

a ' 3

F U N A ( E S Built to reduce coal bills
—to make a house cozy

when it’s cold. Builton

and tells you, in simple terms, the best method of placing and

TO YOU operating your heating equipment. Its free. Ask for one today.
HESS WARMING & VENTILATING COMPANY, 919 Tacoma Bldg., Chicago iS

A
W ‘The Fire Test
Rex Flintkote Roofing has
POULTRY HOUSE ie many times withstood the two
ee, YY most severe sorts of fire-tests. First,
Ee ee i) ga it has protected the building covered by it
from outside fires. Second, it has prevented
the spread to other buildings of fire originating
in the building covered by it.
You can demonstrate the fire-resisting qual-
ities of Rex Flintkote Roofing.
SEND FOR FREE SAMPLES

upon which you may lay a red-hot coal and. watch the
result. Rex Flintkote keeps out water as well as fire.
It doesn’t rust, it doesn’t warp or buckle, ard it wears
and wears. ‘‘Look for the Boy’’ trade-mark to get the
genuine. If your dealer hasn’t it, write us. If you
prefer a red roof, our special red paint will give
an artistic effect. Write for free samples of
oN roofing and booklet of roofing pointse
; J.A. @ W. BIRD @ CO.
29 India St., Boston ,
Agents everywhere

HANDLING MONTBRETIA

L. M. B., Mass.—The montbretias (Tritonia) are usually
handled the same as one treats gladiolus, but on several of
the estates in Lenox, Mass., they have proved hardy if given
a mulch.

REMEDY FOR WIREWORMS

J. D. H., New York—To rid your land of wire worms,
give it a dressing of gas lime, using it at the rate of twenty
bushels of lime to the acre. Gas lime may be secured
at any gas works.

GOURD FLOWERS

J. D. H., New York—The flowers of the gourd are mon-
cecious; that is, two kinds of flowers are produced on the
same plant. , You have been watching the staminate flow-
ers. The pistillate flowers are short-stalked, with three 2-
lobed stigmas and a hairy ovary, and do not have showy
petals like the staminate flowers.

EXTERMINATE WITCH GRASS

B. L. S., N. H.—If you have a small piece of ground spade
it over, taking out each piece of the witch grass roots which
you can find. If it is a large piece of ground plant it to some
hoed crop—corn, for instance. Thorough cultivation for
two years should down it.

RED SPIDER ON CARNATIONS

A. F. C., New York—The foliage of carnations which
you sent us is badly infested with red spider. The most
effective remedy for this is te syringe the plants with water
in a fine spray, and with considerable force, the object being
to knock him off. In severe cases kerosene emulsion has
been used, but this is seldom necéssary.

WHERE LILIES SUCCEED BEST

C. F. P., Pa.—All the liliums prefer a light rather than a
heavy soil, and it must be well drained. A shady situation
is better, not because the foliage and flowers need shading,
but rather that the bulbs may be kept cool. A rhododen-
dron bed is an excellent place for lilies, as the conditions
demanded by the rhododendrons are ideal for the lilies.

FALL SOWN LAWNS BEST

E. S., New York—Sow your lawn seed in September or
in late March, just after a late snow storm. If sown in
July, as you suggest, it will burn up and your Jawn will be-
come filled with weeds. A good lawn mixture is Kentucky
blue grass ten quarts, Rhode Island bent grass eight quarts,
and English rye grass three quarts. Use four bushels to.
the acre or one quart to 300 square feet.

BOSTON IVY ON SHINGLED HOUSES

L. J. H., New Jersey—The Boston ivy (Ampelopsis tri-
cuspidata, known in the trade as A. Veitchii) will stick to

| wooden walls without any trouble. Are the shingles of your

house stained? If so, that 1s probably the cause of failure,
because nearly all the shingle stains contain copper or
arsenic which kills the little adhesive tendrils. Any close
clinging vine is bad on a wooden house, because the wood
never has a chance to dry out properly and, in consequence,.
wood-rotting fungi find an admirable medium in which to.
thrive and which soon destroy it.

MAKING GRAPES BEAR

E. E. M., Pa.—The unfruitfulness of your red grapes is:
not due to the strong growth nor are the plants tender. More
likely it is due to self-sterility. You fail to name the vari-
eties you are growing. Among the red or reddish purple
sorts that have been shown to set fruit poorly, although
they blossom freely, are: Lindley, Salem, Vergennes, Wyo-
ming, and Brighton. If your vines are of these sorts you
must plant some variety near them which has an abundance
of pollen, such as Concord. Keep on using a fertilizer
which is strong in potash.

STORING MANURE

F. M. D., Cal.—Store the manure in a covered building,
as exposure to the weather causes it to deteriorate rapidly.
The ideal place is a shed with a cement floor or basin in
which there are several wells into which the floor drains.
The liquid portion can then be pumped out into tank wag-
ons and sprinkled on the surface of the ground. The barn
drains should be connected with the shed. If this method’
is impossible practically all the liquid can be saved if the
cattle are bedded with sufficient peat, straw, or sawdust to
absorb the moisture. Horse manure must be turned over
frequently to keep it from “burning,” as when fermenta-
tion takes place the ammonia compounds—the most valu—
able constituents—are driven off.

I NoveMBER, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 209

mane INature Library

IN TEN SUPERB VOLUMES

| Oi of delightful information; 4,000 large pages, 10% x8 in.; inter-
esting and popular, yet accurate and authoritative; 300 plates in full
color, 450 half-tone photographs and 1,500 other illustrations, nearly all
actual photographs from life secured by years of work on the part of our
most able nature photographers.

TITLES AUTHORS
Vol. 1. Bird Neighbors Vol. 6. Butterflies © Neltje Blanchan Barton W. Evermann
Vol. 2. Game Birds Vol. 7. Moths A. R. Dugmore W. J. Holland
Vol. 3. Bird Homes Vol. 8. Insects Witmer Stone L. O. Howard
Vol. 4. Animals Vol. 9. Wild Flowers William E. Cram Nina L. Marshall
Vol. 5. Fishes Vol. 10. Mushrooms David Starr Jordan Etc.

For nine years we have been working steadily to build up this all Amer-
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We have made a book which to some extent expresses the beauty of The Nature Library. It contains
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tions, text pages, and so far as is possible, describes the great work.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK THE GARDEN
IN AMERICA §) FARMING MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

*“As necessary as a dictionary
and far more interesting.”

Oho Chal pap OS. Coma. CUT OFF HERE AND MAIL TO US. ..«..-.......

Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 E. 16h St., New Vork, N.Y.
Gentlemen: Please send me book descriptive of The Nature
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terms.

Cut off and send us this

coupon with your name
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will be sent with full infor-
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Name

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The New Cyclopedia of Amcrican Horticulture

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| aa YOU are interested in gardening, in farming, in trees and shrubs, in out-of-door matters generally,
you absolutely need this cyclopedia. 4 As this new and complete edition of Prof. Bailey’s Cyclopedia
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In its six great quarto volumes of 2,100 pages you will find:

Descriptions alphabetically arranged of all—over a thousand—of the native trees, plants and flowers
worth cultivating, with keys enabling you to name any species, as well as to find all information regarding
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Gentlemen: Please send me descriptive circular of The New
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, and special inducements.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK <P \ THE GARDEN
IN AMERICA FARMING MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

Mail us the attached
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210 THE ) GAR DPN Mose Ayaan Mion aa B

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COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA

It is really a new COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA that the publishers offer for 1907, for many
important new features have been added.

Its wonderful photographs and typography will still make COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA the most
beautiful magazine in the world. The articles, as in the past, will cover the whole field of country and
outdoor activities — gardening, farming, homebuilding, sports, nature, and the rest. These articles,
however, will be more interesting, more accurate, more full of information than ever before.

The Homebuilder’s Supplement

Housebuilding, and the improving of houses, grounds, stables and outbuildings, form so important
a department of country living that it is impossible for COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA to treat the
subject adequately in the space available in the regular pages of the magazine. We have, therefore,
begun The Homebuilder’s Supplement, which is really a large, separate magazine.

Some Features

Nature
The Pageant of Nature, a
series, by Mary C. Dickerson.
Spring Birds, by Dallas Lore

Some Features
Outdoor Sport

Moose Hunting with a
Camera, by Dugmore.

i har
The Chase of the Dolphin, Pp.
by Dimock. 2 ue Days, by John Bur-

Horses and Livestock

Housebuilding The Crime of Docking Tails.

Comparative Costs of Different er A Cattle Raising Experience.
Building Materials. ee Poultry

The Unexpected Extras of ESS The Best Breeds of Poultry
Housebuilding. a) Peacocke : :

Building a Small Stable. pote Z

rain een ees: va The Management of a Country
d ee House

Automobiles | What Can a Man Haye on

Lessons in Automobiles. | : ; {| $7,000 a Year?

An Automobile Vacation. iB Se Can a Country Gentleman’s

One of the wonderful wild moose photographs by A. R. Dugmore which will Farm Pay ?
appear in Country Lire IN AMERICA in 1907

The Nature Club of America

To cover the great field of nature in COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA, we have established The
Nature Club of America, membership being free to subscribers upon application. Monthly Nature
Study Notes in the magazine, free lectures and stereopticon slides, and personal correspondence
with the Secretary, are some of the features of the *‘ Nature Club.”’

Stable and Kennel

This new monthly department will be full of practical suggestions for those of the family who care
for horses and dogs. Some subjects will be: The Care of the Home Dog, The Combination Horse,
Shipping Dogs for a Shooting Trip. The food and diseases of dogs and horses will also be discussed.

Stock and Poultry

Another of the new departments that will give specific, practical information every month.

The Double Numbers
The three double issues, the March Gardening Manual, the October Housebuilding Number

and the Christmas Annual, have become famous. These annuals will form important features of
COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA in 1907. 35 cents a copy (double numbers 50 cents), $4.00 a year.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, NEW YORK

'
|

Ge ewnen. 1906 THE GARDEN. MAGAZINE 211

SIO0O0

ACCIDENT INSURANCE POLICY

Bok i

AND ONE YEAR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO l
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=|ARMING is an illustrated magazine for the man and woman interested in this

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It is especially valuable in the farm “home” and is beautifully printed and mag-
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The subscription price of FARMING is one dollar, and the policy we offer could not be
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To
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described in the policy. You can have the magazine and the policy

Fenmtonditerenti addresses ayou desire. - = = GG «wr for which
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sendme FARMING
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212

GARDEN MAGAZINE

World’s
Work

NOVEMBER,

Copyright, 1906, by Brown Bros.

“TWO DAYS OVERDUE AND ‘THE WORLD'S WORK’ HAS NOT YET REACHED ME, PRAY MAKE A NOTE OF
THIS. I SHOULD RATHER NOT HAVE TO RESORT TO VIOLENCE. —Jark Twain.

The seventh year of The World’s Work begins with the Novem-
ber number. Features will appear in early numbers that open a
new era to magazine readers. For example:

Trusts and Their Makers.—How far are Messrs.
Morgan, Rockefeller, Harriman, Havemeyer, and other
magnates public enemies, and what is their service to the
public. A\n intimate study of the Trusts as they affect the
daily lives of all of us.

The Real South—Its Progress to National-
ization.—A revelation of the vital changes beneath
the surface that are bringing the section into step with the
nation—a story of the South in a new and bustling day—

by Walter H. Page, the editor.

Does Harvard Do Its Job?—This will be one of a
series of unsparing investigations of the kind of education
the big and some of the little colleges are really giving.
Are our colleges doing what we expect of them ?

This is but a taste of the big things the editors have in preparation.

The Making of Investments.—Personally helpful
monthly articles by Mr. C. M. Keys, now a member of
The World’s Work staff and formerly railroad editor of the
Wall Street Journal

Keeping in Perfect Health.—lf people knew and
practised what the advance of medicine has discovered,
there would be fewer fools and fewer physicians, but
healthy human beings would be commoner. This series
gives the needed illuminating facts.

Secrets of Business Success.—Intimate stories of the
methods of men who are making money. Stories of mer-
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of their plans, their battles, their devices. The articles
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pictorial panorama of the world’s activities.

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THE WORLD'S WORK
FARMING

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

NEw YORK.

1906

]

H

JNovEMBER, 1906

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 213

NOW IS THE TIME
FOR FALL PLANTING

Our Catalogue contains a full descrip-
tion of our stock. Send for one at once,
and any other information wanted will
gladly be given.

Can furnish all kinds of FRUIT
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Fruit and
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We Ship to All Parts of the World

Fifty years in business

Catalog on Application

P. J. BERCKMANS CO., (Inc.)

Fruitland Nurseries

| Established 1856 AUGUSTA, GA.

WANT DEPT.
W. W. Rawson & Co. beg to announce

|| hat they are constantly receiving applications from gardeners
\jseeking situations, and they will be happy to supply any lady or
sentleman with particulars, etc.

i}V. W. RAWSON & CO., 5 Union Srreet, BOSTON, MASS.

Competent Gardeners

The comforts and products of a country home are increased by
\l=-mploying a competent gardener ; if you want to engage one write
ll<o us. Please give particulars regarding place and say whether
\Imarried or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for

years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER
HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt
Street, New York City.

Gardeners Supplied

High-class men, with good records, can be
obtained at VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE,

14 Barclay Street, New YorkCity. No fee.
84 Randolph Street, Chicago. SS

Just as if there
could be sucha thing as an ‘‘old-fash-

icned flower’! But ideas in flowers change,

as they do in other things, and for some time there has
been a renaissance of the flowers that helped to make our
Grandmothers’ Gardens, of fragrant memory, such dreams of joy
and beauty. Flower-lovers, and they are growing more numerous every
year, are today planting flowers suchas they would never have thought of doing
a few years ago—such flowers as Poppies, Larkspurs, Hardy Phlox and others that
grew with sucha riot of color in the gardens of by-gone days.

SEND FOR OUR HANDSOME BOOKLET

We make a specialty of growing just such flowers, and have issued a booklet about them which
is a gem of the photographer’s and printer’s arts. We’ll send it to youif you will send us your
name ona postal—it’s a beauty, and we feel that it will persuade you to send us an order for the

plants it tells about—that’s why we want you to have it.

Ose Re GROW UNG] THIN GS, OO

We don’t confine ourselves exclusively to afew flowers, but raise all sorts of SE abbes trees and
evergreens. Don’t get the idea that because Knoxville is ‘‘down South”’ you can’t g_t things here that
are hardy everywhere—that’s the great advantage we have. Our nurseries are at a high elcvation. and
we have extremes of weather equal toanything further north. Anything that can withstand the

weather here can withstand it anywhere. For instance, on one occasion last winter the thermom-
eter fell to sixteen degrees below zero at our nurseries, and we didn’t losea plant. But we have ad-
vantages others donot have: Our long summers give plants an extra-long growing season and lots ,
of time to develop and harden wood. Consequently shrubs and trees grown down hereare betier
and stronger than those grown i» tiie north, and bear transplanting without loss of vigor.
If you find our booklet, after you get it, does not cover the things you need, write us and
we'll be glad to quote prices on anything growing.

KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE
BOX 307

sults from the spawn you are using? If you would
like to grow better mushrooms and get larger yields,
let us send yon our booklet on ‘Mushroom Spawn and
Guide to Mushroom Culture.’ Aerl. & Indl. Agent Norfolk & Western Ry., Dept. sro

PURE CULTURE SPAWN CO. Box 95. PACIFIC, MO. ROANOKE, VA.

$500
BUYS A FARM
IN VIRGINIA

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With comfortable new three-room cottage like cut. These 25-acre
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MUSH ROOM Sp butlons. gti ounces: Virginia, a modern little town on the N. & W. Ry., midway between
Are you geting such re- Norfolk and Richmond. Climate. water and markets for produce

cannot be excelled. ‘Write for further information and for lists and
booklets showing farms and plantations from $ro per acre up.

F.H. LA BAUME

214

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NovEMBER, 1906

at the florists.

These are selected bulbs from our finest stock.

3 HYACINTHS, 3 COLORS
3 WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS
4 TULIPS, SINGLE SCARLET

2 HYACINTHS, RED
2 HYACINTHS, WHITE
2 HYACINTHS, BLUE

e e e
Lilies of the Valley for Christmas
Ghree Dozen Pips for $1.00. 35c. per doz.
The delights of having this beautiful and fragrant flower can be easily secured for the Hoiiday season.
Berlin Pips, ready to force into full, profuse flowering in three or four weeks.
Illustrated Catalogue with complete cultural directions /vee.
COLLECTION OF BULBS

Full directions for growing will be sent with each collection.

50 Bulbs for 50c. for Indoor Flowering
4 TULIPS, DOUBLE WHITE
3 NARCISSUS, PAPER WHITE
3 NARCISSUS, TRUMPET MAJOR
If ordered by mail 2oc. extra for postage.
50 Bulbs for 50c. for Outside Planting

to SNOWDROPS

6 TULIPS, SINGLE MIXED

6 TULIPS, DOUBLE MIXED
If ordered by mail 2oc. extra for postage.
We have a splendid stock of all kinds of Bulbs for fall planting. Seeds, Plants and Garden Requisites

W. E. MARSHALL & CO., 146 West 23d St., New York City

$2.00 per 100—Postpaid.
These are best
A mass of flowers for the price of a small bouquet

6 OXALIS, BUTTERCUP
12 JONQUILS, CAMPERNELLE
12 FREESIA KEFRACTA ALBA

6 NARCISSUS, SINGLE
6 NARCISSUS, DOUBLE
10 CROCUS, MIXED COLORS

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Interesting Descriptions. It’s free ; ask for it.

JAMES VICK’S SONS,
362 Main St, East. | ROCHESTER, N. Y.

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Sowing Iceland Poppies in
November

qpee Iceland poppy furnishes us the
loveliest yellow and orange flowers to
be found in the poppy family; although it
is a perennial according to the books it can
easily be treated as an annual. In order to
avoid the spring rush and to enjoy the pleas-
ures of gardening every month of the year,
I sow everything in the fall that I can, and
last November I sowed some Iceland poppies
ina coldframe where the seeds were dormant
all winter. I might have sowed them out of
doors, but we had no special use for the cold-
frame and it gave me a convenient chance
to keep the seeds dormant by covering the
frames. The seeds started to grow perhaps
six weeks earlier than I could have sowed
them out-of-doors in the spring and the
poppies bloomed June roth, a month earlier
than usual which was well worth while.
New Jersey. LovumIsE SHAW.

Lettuce in March Without
Artificial Heat

Eee September I sowed lettuce in a

coldframe for which we had no special
use and left the ventilators open until late
in November when the soil was thoroughly
frozen. I then covered the frames with
matting to keep out the sunlight. The
object was to avoid the raising and low-
ering of the sash a dozen times on a
warm day in winter when sunshine and cold
alternated frequently. I did not care to
bother with the coldframes at all during the
whole winter, for they were a considerable
distance from the house, but owing to the
mild winter I aired the frames occasionally
to prevent the plants from rotting. In March
I took off the matting and the sunlight soon
caused the lettuce plants to thaw out and grow
so that we had lettuce during March and
April without any trouble and expense.

This simple device will doubtless work
better in a steady winter. Last winter, being
the mildest on record, it was impossible to
keep the plants dormant all the time. It is
commonly said that lettuce should be grown
without a check or it will fail, but while the
quality of the lettuce was not of the very best,
we found the experience satisfactory.

New Jersey. LovulmsE SHAW.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 215

7 freight
Direct from factory to user CS

Every house needs a couch;—and every house needs a _ceda)
chest. In the ‘“‘ Ideal’? you have couch and cast combined,
Instead of wasting the space, we build a cedar b_ x beneath
souch seat. The seat is the box-'id. A se'f-opening sprii¢
device makes it easily raised, without having to move ‘couch
from wall; and itstays up w ithout holdi g. The box is solidly
built (tongued and grouved) of fragrant Southem cedar—not
merely cedar-lined like other box couches. It is ab solutely
noth-, mice- ard vermin-proof. Length, 72 inches. Takes in
he longest garments without folding.

Tdeal Red € edar Wardr obe C ouches are luxuriously
upholstered by hand, ina variety of coverings. including genu-
ine leather and English tapestries. Full spring edge, and 37
steel-tempered, wire-tied springs; Cannot sag.

Can you thirk of any better € hristmas or W edding
Present? Or anything you _your-elf want more?

Our low prices, $15.50 10 $37.00, depending on
upholstering, are possible cnly because we ship dire: t to your
home from our factory right in the cedar-growing country.

We want to send youan Ideal Wardrobe Couch.
We'll prepay freizht east of the Mississippi. Write for book
of styles and parti feulars of our offer. You run ¢
| Jno risk; if you don’t like our couch we will take it
back without any expense to you.

PIEDMONT FURNITURE CO.
Dept. 19 Statesville, N.C.

Headquarters for
Red Cedar
Chests

Write for booklet.

Pompon Chrysanthemums

Choice Hardy Perennials and Flowering Shrubs
FOR FALL PLANTING
Hardy Chrysanthemums Native Perennials

FOR THE WILD GARDEN
Send for Catalogue

SHATEMUC NURSERIES
BARRYTO Es DUTCHESS cous NEW YORK

Pioneers in Lilies

We were the LEADERS in impor- >
ting Lily bulbs from Japan as early as LG
1877 and ever since have furnished the ~
very best in that line. We deliver only
the very best bulbs, which are sure to
bloom the first season. Bulbs are sound,
solid, true toname. We offer specially

for this fall’s delivery: es
PURE WHITE LILIES

Each Doz. 100

Lil. Candidum (St. Joseph’s or Ma- Lach Doz 100 Lil. Melpomene, white with blood-red
donna Liiy) 10 $1.10 $6.00 spots, recurved petals - - -20 2.00 10.00
Lil. Longifloram (Easter Lily). Pure - SCARLET, ORANGE AND YELLOW LILIES
white J rumpet - 12 1.25 7.00 Lil. Superbum (American Turk’s Cap)
Lil. Album (5peciosum type) with ex- very floriterous, orange and dark
auisite recurved petals. Highly aN OOo spots 2 HOn elOne c/200
ragrant - 2 1.75 10. Lil. rinum ; :
Lil. Auratum (the Golden Queen Lily) pecan single from Japan, {lO ue20 One5*00)
white with yellow euiels BON Lil. Tigrinum, double, Tiger Lily - 15 1.50 7.00
petals ee 20 1.75 8.00 Lil. Tenuifolium, a very fine scarlet
ROSE "AND RED LILIES flower - - = aie= - pO NotOs 7)
Lil. Speciosum, (Rubrum or Roseum) Lil. Wallacei, a_ beautiful apricot
white wiih rosy spots” - = - mS 1.50 7.00 colored Lily - - LZ 1225 8.00
Lil. Washingtonianum, the most ex- Lil. Excelsum, a long nankeen “yellow
quisite Trumpet rosy flushed - 2S AE. NEO trumpet. The finest yellow Lily grown .60 5.00 =

All these Lilies are HARDY and easily grown.

We furnish above FREE by mail or express at single and dozen prices.
at Buyer’s expense.

Our September and October offers published in this Magazine hold good for November.

It in need of TULIPS, Hyacinths, Narcissus, Crocus or any Spring flowering bulbs, send for our 28th
annual Fal] Catalogue containing full list of these bulbs, also Iris, Paeonias, etc.

Address us for ANY THING in Horticultural lines.

H. H. BERGER & CO., 47 Barclay St., New York City

Too lots by express or freight

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured!
to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

It takes over twenty years

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an
immediate effect. Fall Price List Now Ready.
CHESTNUT HILL,

ANDORRA NU RSERIES PHILADELPHIA, PA.

WM. WARNER HARPER, PROPRIETOR

ae
| 342 West 14th Street

BODDINGTON’S BULBS BLOOM|

THE COLUMBIA COLLECTION---

Five Hundred Bulbs for

$5.00

The following collection of bulbs contains exclusively the most showy and easz/y cultivated varieties
(all selected, first size and well ripened: bulbs) part of which can be potted for the conservatory or
window, and the balance may be planted in the garden or border for early spring flowers, and they
will insure the finest possible display:

4 Easter L lies
Dutch Hyacinths to name
2 Datch Hvacinths to color
Paper White Narcissus *
2 Pheasant Eve N-rcissus
4 Sicred Nrcissus *
Double Yellow Daffodils
12 Single Red Tulips

Single White Tulips

Single Yellow Tulips
Double ‘Tulips mixed
Single Tulips mixed

Yellow Crocus

Blue Crocus

White Crocus

Mixed Crocus

Snowdrops

Anemones
Sweetscented Jonquils
Freesias *

Spanish Iris

Txias

Ww PU
mu oun oO

Or we will supply one-half of this splendid collection, 250 bulbs, for $2.75.
Our Cistinctive, instructive and suggestive Fall Bulb Catalogue, containing a most comprehensive collection of Fall Bulbs with
_ full descriptions and cultural directions, and illustrated with nearly roo full page and other photo-engravings from life, mailed free.

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman
NEW YORK CITY

Those varieties marked with a * for indoors only—if required will substitute all for outdoors.

216 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

“Produces Cream in Fine
Condition’

So say buttermakers who win prizes and premiums on their butter made
from U.S. Separator cream. ‘Probably you know that much of the but-
ter made to-day is churned from separator cream, but you
may not also know that there is a big difference in the
quality of cream delivered by different separators. The
result of this difference shows up very plainly in the butter
scores at the various State Fairs and Conventions. At these
prize exhibitions, year after year, users of the Improved

U. S. separa
B e SEPARATOR
demonstrate the superiority of “U.S.” cream for making the fin-

est butter. 1906 continues the proof, and among many Highest
Scores, won by the U.S., here are several of special prominence :

Minnesota State Fair, Ohio State Fair, Ohio State Dairymen’s Convention where the U. won the Sweep-
stakes in all classes, Dairy Sweepstakes at the ‘Valley Fair’’—a noted New Englard Fair, rerenaes State
Dairymen’ s Assn., Grand Sweepstakes, Wisconsin, Grand Sweepstakes, North Dakota state Fair, etc. Remember,
too, that “U.S.” “butter wonevery highest score on Dairy Butterat the St. Louis Exposition, and at the Lewis
& Clarke Exposition. butter made from cream separated by U. S. Hand Separators was awarded a Gold Medal.

Not only does the U.S. give you the best cream, but it gives you ALL the cream,
for the U. S. Separator holds the WORLD’S RECORD for Cleanest Skimming.

Ifinterested in the production of the very best butter, let us send you our new catalogue, No. 71. It explains
the reasons back of these results. Fine engravings of the different parts of the machine and a plain, easily under-
stood explanation of every detail of the construction and operation of the U.S., will appeal to your judgment
that in efficiency, quality of product, simplicity of design and ease of operation, also durability in construction—
the U. S. does not have an equal. Please ask for ““New Catalogue No. 71,’ and we will send it promptly, It’s
worth reading.

Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt.
PROMPT DELIVERY from 18 Distributing Warehouses centrally located in U. S. and Can.

. f R d The publishers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
Service Or eaders O will be glad to give its readers information

on points relating to gardening, the country
Th CG d M 2 home and grounds, and advice where equip-
e ar en. agaZine ment and supplies not found in the advertis-
ing pages can be obtained. Address
Readers’ Service Dept., THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 133-137 East 16th Street, New York

Specimen Trees and Shrubs
for Immediate Effect

We have over one hundred acres filled with the choicest varieties, includ-
ing all that is best in both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs.

Our collection is the result of careful selection from the most famous nurs-
eries all over the world, consequently a great many of the varieties can be
found nowhere else in this country.

If you contemplate doing any planting we invite you to correspond with
us or visit our nurseries and make a personal inspection of our stock.

The COTTAGE GARDENS NURSERIES are situated within ten
miles of New York City and are easily reached by the Long Island Railroad.

Catalogue will be sent free on application, Write us to-day.

Cottage Gardens Company
QUEE = S

BOINT IG Y 12 1S0O MY IT SS Owalf 7X MAIC A

NovEMBER, 1906

An Attractive Exchange Garden
That Works

eee spring the Home Gardening Asso-

ciation of Cleveland established an ex-
change garden in connection with the work
reported i in the March and April issues of
TuE GARDEN MAGAZINE, through which
persons who were interested in gardening
might find a medium of exchange for their
surplus plants and to which florists, nursery-
men, owners of large estates and others in-
terested were invited to contribute such plants
as they could spare. During the year, the
garden received and distributed about 20,000
plants.

The exchange garden was made possible
through the kindness of a friend who loaned
the use of a vacant half-acre lot in the heart
of the city. When this lot of ground was
turned over to the association it had the usual
appearance of a vacant city lot; if anything,
it was worse, for tons of flag-stones were
scattered promiscuously over its surface.
To put the place in order was the first step.

The president of the association gave $150
to be used as was necessary, which was the
only money the scheme received. The flag-
stones were removed and the lot was laid out
as a formal garden, for the purpose of sug-
gesting, to persons who came for plants, ideas
of proper arrangement and harmonious
color effects. In order to make the garden
attractive during the summer, seeds of an-
nuals were planted.

As the plants were brought into the garden,
some were given out immediately, others
planted in nursery rows, and many placed in
the garden for beautiful effects, as well as
for the purpose of increasing their number
by propagation.

We much preferred to receive hardy
perennials, because they are permanent and
increase so rapidly.

Besides furnishing a place where plants
could be exchanged, the exchange garden had
such a large number that we were enabled to
furnish some of the schools with plants.
One school received enough peony roots to
make a low hedge seventy feet long.

Persons wishing plants applied at the
office of the association, where they received
a card stating they were entitled to plants
from the exchange garden, which they could
receive by applying Monday from g to 10
a.m., or Friday from 1 to 3 p.m. Everybody
who applied received plants, even if they did
not have anything to give in exchange.

LovisE Kiermn MILER,

Curator of School Gardens, Cleveland

Public Schools, Cleveland, Ohio.

mie Sotatatetetetet ote

that,
’ > 6 6 6 6

THE DESIGN-ADAPTABILITY OF

PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER TILING

admits of the richest and most harmonious effects—in any scheme
of interior—that it is possible to attain with flooring materials.

This is because of the perfect matching of colors and shades,
and the facility with which the block shapes may be manipulated.

PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER TILING has been proven
not only superior to all other brands of rubber tiling, but also to
outwear even marble, to be absolutely waterproof, and to afford a
far safer and more agreeable footing (practically silent) than any
other material.

Book of Designs-in-Color will be mailed to you free upon request.

PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER COMPANY
JEANNETTE, PA.

7 NEW YORK—1665 Broadway. ATLANTA, GA.—102 Prior Street.
0 CHICAGO—1241 Michigan Avenue. BOSTON —167 Oliver Street.
PHILADELPHIA—615 N. Broad St. BUFFALO, N. Y.—Main and Tupper St.
LONDON—4 Snow Hill.

Make Your Boy Happy, Strong, Self-reliant
Keen-of-Eye, Quick-of-Decision--- Useful

You can’t do it quicker or more surely than by satisfying his greatest
longing—his honest, manly desire for a fire-arm of some sort.

It will keep him out in the crisp, fall air that makes red blood. He, in
turn, will keep the late crops free from crows and other pests, and rid the :
farm-yard of little marauders. He will also bring in many a welcome
rabbit or wild fowl. Give him a

Stevens Rifle, Shot-Gun or Pistol

The reliability of a Stevens will become his pride. In target-shooting |

ee

he will find it worthy of its reputation for holding more records for accuracy
than all other makes combined.
Every day that he is out in the open with a Stevens will surely make for
a stronger man; develop self-reliance and promote a manly spirit to excel,
without which quality early developed, he can never succeed later in life. /
Buy the boy a Stevens. Nowhere for an equally small outlay can bigger
returns be found in wholesome enjoyment.

Write for our 140-Page Free Catalog

Any man or boy interested in fire arms will find it full of helpful information on
hunting, proper care of weapons, notes on sights, ammunition, etc. Why not write to us
to-day ? Send four cents in stamps to. cover postage.

Insist that your dealer sells you a Stevens. fhe refuses to supply we will sell you

direct. Write us.

J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL COMPANY

420 Pine Street, Chicopee Falls, Mass.

RIFLES-—-FOR BOYS
“ Little Scout No. 14” a = as ss $2.25
“Stevens-Maynard, Jr.’ - - = . 3.00
“ Crack Shot”’ - = = 2
“Little Krag’’ 3 us 2 i
“Favorite No.17”

December Achievements in Gardening 10
| 1906 All About Holly Christmas Berried-Plants C.
: Vol. IV. No. 5. Outdoor Winter Garden Disease-Proof Clematis $1.00 a Year
ee
|
|
i

The World’s Work &) Country Life in America Farming
CHICAGO NEW YORK
1515 Heyworth Building DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 133 East Sixteenth Street

AWater Supply

Fire Protection
for your

Country Home

OU may have all the conveniences of a city water supply in your country home. You may have
i an abundant supply of water delivered under strong pressure to all the plumbing fixtures in the
house, to the hydrants in the garden, lawn, stables— anywhere. Besides you may have ample

‘fire protection for your buildings. ‘This is all accomplished by

= sats ay ke
water 75 feet high through 2%-inch hose with 44-inch nozzle,
60 pounds pressure.

Stream o

The Kewanee Water System

The Kewanee System is easily explained. It consists simply of
having an air-tight steel Kewanee tank located in the ce//ar, buried
in the ground or placed ina special pump-house provided for its pro-
tection. Water from your own well, cistern or other natural source,
is pumped into this tank. When the Kewanee tank is two-thirds full
of water, all of the air which originally occupied the entire space, is
compressed into the upper one-third. At this point there will be a
pressure of sixty pounds exerted on the water. By insta!ling the
right size of tank you may be sure of an abundant supply and there
will be ample pressure to deliver the water to the highest plumbing
connection Or most distant hydrant. Two Kewanee Tanks, one for hard water and one for soft water,

mstalled in cellar of a country residence.

: rests on solid ground where
The Kewanee Pneumatic Tank (300308 go
not exposed to the extremes in weather, and insures a frost-proof water system and provides water of the
right temperature during all seasons. It is made of steel and will outlast a dozen overhead tanks. No
attic tank to leak and flood the house. No elevated tank to freeze or collapse. No bursted or frozen pipes.
Over 5000 Kewanee Outfits now in successful operation.
Write for catalogue No. 16 which explains everything and tells where Kewanee outfits may be found
in your state. It’s free if you mention GARDEN MAGAZINE.

= =a]

Kewanee
Water Supply Co.

Drawer §

Kewanee, Illinois

32 Broadway, New York

Phone 2729 Broad

Please address all correspondence to the
Kewanee Office

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

TIFFANY & CoO.

Fifth Avenue and 37th Street, New York

Christmas Gifts

Photographs or Cuts sent upon request

Ladies’ Gold Watches

Small open-face, 18-karat-gold watches, suitable - -

for young women~ ~ - $25, $35, $45, upward
Small chronographs in | 8-karat- old cases for - - -

- - - ~ Trained Nurses - - -

Men’s Gola Watches

New model, open-face watches, in 18-karat-gold cases, -

- - adapted for young men, $60, $95, $100, upward
Open-face, 18-karat-gold minute repeaters - $135 and $240
Ladies’ Diamond Rings
Solitaires - - - $25, $50, $75, $95, upward

iD;

Solitaires with small diamonds embedded in shank,

‘Two-stone diamond rings - - - - $50,
Three-stone diamond rings - - - - $60,
Five-stone half-hoop diamond rings - - - $50,

Clocks

Best French eight-day movements, in gilt, bronze and = -

glass cases, Traveling Clocks - = $12, $14, $20, $28
Mantel Clocks striking pours ane half-hours on Cathedral

gong ~ - - - $20, $35 and $55

F syle and Gua Chests

Tiffany & Co.’s copy-righted patterns of Sterling Silver

Forks and Spoons. Prices include handsome,

compact, hardwood chests, with lock and key
5 dozen sets - - - - ~ - $100 to $200
OS e - - - - - - $140 to $250
7 - - - - - $175 to $300
8 - - - - - $250 to $350

Fifth Avenue New York

Tiffany & Co. always welcome a comparison of prices

2\7-219

New
Blue Book

Now ready—Tif-
fany 1907 Blue
Book — Christmas
Edition—No illus-
trations. 621 pages
of concise descrip-
tions and prices of
Jewelry, Silver-
ware, Watches,
Clocks, Bronzes,
Pottery, Glass and
other articles suit-
able for Christmas
gifts

Blue Book sent
upon request

Out-of-town
Service

Upon advice as to
requirements and
limit of price,
Tiffany & Co. will
send photographs,
cuts or careful de-
scriptions of what

their stock affords

Goods sent on
Approval

to any part of the
United States, to
persons known to
the house or who
will make them-
selves known by
reference from ary
National Bank or
responsible business
house

Tiffany & Co. are
strictly retailers
They do not em-
ploy agents or sell
their wares through
other dealers

220

A DIRECTORY

OF LIGHTING
EQUIPMENT

costly or ornate, will be
so thoroughly appreciated
as the Beck-Iden. <A lamp that generates
within itself the finest quality of illuminating
gas, giving two to five times sore light than
any other fuel, and the ovZy light that can be
used for hours without trying the eyes. There
are no wicks, chimneys or mantles, there is no
odor, no dirt, no smoke. ~-

A PERFECT LAMP.

The Beck-Iden Limp stands 16 inches high from
base to burner. It is solidly made of brass, finely
burnished and finished in bronze—an object of real
beauty and incomparable value.

To insure the timely placing of holiday orders,
write early for Booklet No. xr.

Acetylene Lamp Company.
50 University Place, New York.

No gift lamp however ‘

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

IF YOU USE

ACETYLENE

We want to send you

A SAMPLE BRAY BURNER

The "Beto" Burner will produce a
greater amount of light than is possible
with any other Burner ever made for
Acetylene.

One "Beto" Burner will furnish suff-
cient light to illuminate any room in an
ordinary house.

One "Beto" Burner will give as much light as
three ordinary Burners, and consumes but one-half
the amount of gas.

Write us to-day, mention kind of generator used,
enclose 10 cents to cover postage and packing, and
we will send yu A SAMPLE BURNER.

W. M. CRANE COMPANY
Room No. 36, 1131-33 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

The Bray ‘Beto?’

FOR OWNERS OF COUNTRY PLACES

Italian Villas and Their Gardens

By Edith Wharton, illustrated in color by Maxfield
Parrish. Author and artist worked together in Italy
and the result is a unique and rarely beautiful book.
Royal octavo, 275 pages, $6.00 net, postage 27 cents.
The Century Co., Union Square, New York.

of COUNTRY HOMES.

Chicago

NASH GASOLINE ENGINES

Are used extensively for furnishing

ELECTRIC LIGHTS, tor

PUMPING WATER and for the
FIRE PROTECTION

Complete plants installed. Send for catalogue.

NATIONAL METER CO.
84-S6 Chambers Street

NEW YORK Boston

SPRAYING

INDOOR PLANTS

FoR spraying plants indoors and out, the Lenox Improved Sprayer is
the most serviceable. Plants generally suffer from lack of moisture,
such as rain and the morning dew gives them. Stove and furnace heat affects

them badly.

This spraver substitutes a misty shower that supplies the

plant most naturally and completely, as absolutely necessary to real success

with house plants.

Spray for Insects and Dust, over and under the leaves. Spraying

with tobacco water is very beneficial.

Had we the space we could tell you

many things about your plants,—how essential it is to spray them while in

Sprayinz und-r the leaves. -
nuisances breed.

Com plete
with one
cake of to-
bacco soap

ations.

Postpaid

HOW MUCH MOTHER
WOULD LIKE ONE
FOR HER PLANTS!

Sent complete with two cakes of tobacco soap und two extra bulbs
for laundry use. all for &1.00 postpaid. Make a suds and spray.
YUOUR PLANTS WILL SURPRISE YOU

the house. particularly on the under side of the leaves, where all the living

It is not a sponge—it is arubberbulb of best rubber, having fine perfor-

By compressing the holder and dipping it into a dipper full of
water, the bulb responds and immediately fills, ejecting a misty spray upon
the plant, under and over the leaves.

Ilow w

Complete with
two cakes of to-
bacco soap and

two extra bulbs
| THE LENOX MFG. CO., 1296 Broadway, N. y. forlaindry use postpaid

DecEeMBER, 1906

GENERATORS,
FIXTURES,
SUPPEIES = Ete:

WE issue a pamphlet, H 26,
showing a complete line of

. Wood Pedestals

that can be used inside the dwell-
ing or porch to support a lamp or
jardiniere of flowers, or on the Jawn
asa support for a sundial. We
furnish these with or without the
dials as desired.

Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co.
Mt. Vernon, N. Y.
N. Y. Office, 1123 Broadway

also HENRY SANDERS CO.
Cor. Elston & Webster Aves., Chicago, III.

Rife Automatic
Hydraulic Ram

(Water Pumped by Water Power)

No Attention No Expense

Runs Continuously

Country Homes Formal Gardens
Farms Town Plants

Railroad Tanks

Irrigation

Dairies, Etc.

5000inOperation 80% efficiency developed
Catalog and Estimate Free -

RIFE ENGINE CO., 2109 Trinity Bdg., New York

BOOKS
MAGAZINES
PICTURES

For Christmas Presents are
ready to be examined at
our library sales-
room now

Arrange your Christmas plans

to-day. We are ready
RETAIL DEPARTMENT

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &
133 East 16th Street

Between 4th and 3rd Avenues

NEW YORK

DecEMBER, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 290.-a

LY¥eGeq 4 Christmas
TT ok AV ay Hooks

iy BE, Z
aN Illustrated Gift Books

Old New England Churches iii"

By DOLORES BACON, author of The Diary of a Musician, etc.
Simple enough architecturally are many of these quiet buildings, but the wealth a.
of association gives them an interest to Americans far greater than the most inspir- Sore
ing English or Continental cathedrals. It is authoritative, having been gleaned from personal interviews
with the pastors, and through reference to pamphlets, books of general history, ecclesiastical histories, town
| ee records, old sermons and the like. Nine photogravures and twenty-four beautiful half-tones. $4.13 postpaid.

Dem Good Ole Times

By MRS. JAMES H. DOOLEY
To read this book is to comprehend the real relations between the old-time “quality” and their negro
dependents. It isa most charming gift book, with pictures that express the Southern type of beauty, more
adequately than any other illustrator has managed to do. Sixteen illustrations in color by Suzanne Gutherz
and about forty decorations by Cora E. Parker. Boxed, $2.00.

Dixie After the War

By MYRTA LOCKETT AVARY, with an introduction by Gen. Clement A. Evans.
A very exceptional book of Reconstruction memoirs—as thrilling as romance, and yery charming.
Uniform with “A Belle of the Fifties” and “A Southern Girl in ’61.” 32 illustrations from old paintings,
daguerreotypes and rare photographs. Net, $2.75. (Postage, 28 cents.)

_ Letters and Recollections
of George Washington |

| Some two hundred letters to Tobjas Lear and others. The New York Times says truly:
“Nothing has been unearthed so far that gives so excellent a personal view of George Wash-
ington.’’ Illustrated with rare portraits, etc. Net, $2.50. (Postage 25 cents.)

Recollections of Thirteen Presidents

By JOHN S. WISE, author of The Lion’s Skin, The End of an Era, etc.
Sixteen ne portraits. Net, $2.50. (Postage, 25 cents.)

Recollections and Letters

of Gen. R. E. Lee

By CAPTAIN ROBERT E. LEE
The New York Evening Post says: ‘‘ We shall never have a
more enlightening portrayal.”” Four photogravure portraits. Net, $2.50.
(Postage 25 cents.)

COUNTRY LIFE THz WORLD'S WORK THE GARDEN ; £
IN AMERICA FARMING MAGAZINE SCHED MMPS OF

THE WICLIFFE SISTERS”

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK. (Dixie After the War)

220-6 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1906

RUDYARD KIPLING’S NEW BOOK :

Puck ot Pook’s Hill

“In ‘Puck of Pook’s Hill’ the old Kipling has come back
It seems to have been written out of a full heart, as
though the author had kindled to his subject and had enjoyed
every instant of his task. His powers have been revived in
full force.’—New York Tribune. :
Illustrated in color by ARTHUR RACKHAM. $1.50.

ILLUSTRATED BY THE SAME ARTIST:
Irving’s Rip Van Winkle - pabisses in 1905

“One of the most beautifully and artistically gotten up books that we have seen.’””—New York Sun.

Fifty illustrations in color. Net, $5.00. (Postage 25 cents. )

ILLUSTRATED HOLIDAY

alee Kipling’s “They”

This beautiful edition was prepared under tine author’s special supervision,
in response to the ever-increasing demand for a “permanent form.”

‘‘A most wonderful piece of Ihioeeciatee, ” says the Louisville Courier Journal ‘‘and senines the
greatest short story ever written.

Illustrated in full color by F. H. TownsEnD. $1.50, net. (Postage, 15 cents.)

Traffics and Discoveries

Eleven tales, which as the New York Globe says, show Mr. Kipling as ‘More
than ever the inevitable master of the short story.” $1.50.
OTHER BOOKS BY RUDYARD KIPLING:

The Five Nations. Net, $1.40. Postage 14c. | The Kipling Birthday Book. $1.00.
Just So Stories. Net, $1.20. Postage 12c. Life’s Handicap: Being Stories of Mine Own
The Just So Song Book. Net, $1.20. Post- | People. $1.50.
age 12c. Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw
Kim. $1.50. and Wee Willie Winkie. $1.50.
The Day’s Work. $1.50. | From Sea to Sea. Two Volumes. $2.00.
Stalky & Co. $1.50. The Light That Failed. $1.50.
The Brushwood Boy. $1.50. | Soldier Stories. $1.50.
Plain Tales From the Hills. $1.50. | (WithWolcott Balestier.) The Naulahka. $1.00
Soldiers Three. The Story of the Gadsbys, and | Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-
in Black and White. $1.50. Room Ballads. $1.50.

Sd eee

7. | Notable New Bacio

Reproduction of the cover inlay for ‘‘ They ”

By MARY DILLON
The Leader Author of ‘‘The Rose of Old St. Louis,’’ etc. Anthony Overman
The love story of a present-day hero, whose eloquence and personal mag- By MIRIAM MICHELSON

netism are as real as they are worth reading about. | Author of “‘In the Bishop’s Carriage,’’ etc

Even ‘‘far better than her well received novels: ‘The Rose of Old St. A novel of the Old San Francisco—the story of a man’s love for a woman
Louis,’ and ‘In Old Bellaire,’ ’’ says the Boston Herald. Illustrated, $1.50. whose conscience had ‘‘a blind spot.’’

“Pew writers surpass Miss Michelson in the light by-play of diaiogue.”’
—New York Globe. Illustrated by JoHN Cecit CLay. $1.50

The Incomplete Amorist
By E. NESBIT, Author of ‘‘The Wouldbegoods.’’

“In ‘The Incomplete Amorist’ E. Nesbit springs to the front rank of
entertaining novelists of the Barrie type.’’—Boston Herald. IIl., $1.50.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK ‘Tue GARDEN
IN AMERICA FARMING MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YorK.

Confessions to a Heathen Idol

By “MARIAN LEE”

“*As full of philosophy as Holmes’ Breakfast ’able—and far more read-
able,’’ says a Reader. Illustrated, $1.50.

DeceMBER, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Travel and History |

The Passing ot Korea By HOMER B. HULBERT

The whole history of Korea from its earliest times, with an
exhaustive account of the manners, customs, and “personality”
of the country. Uniform with ‘“The Opening of Tibet.” Sixty-
two interesting, and remarkably fine photographs. Net $3.80
(Postage 38 cents).

F ighting the Polar Ice By ANTHONY FIALA

In many ways this is the most significant book on the subject since Nansen.
It is the record of two years spent above the 81st Parallel by the second Ziegler
Polar Expedition; and the author’s very remarkable photographs show results never
before, or after, attained by mortal man. Uniform with ‘““The Opening of Tibet.”
Net, $3.80 (Postage 38 cents).

A new book by the author of ‘‘Flame, Electricity and the Camera.’’

Inventors at Work By GEORGE ILES

A most interesting work which pictures great inventors in their workshops and
laboratories, told at first hand. Illustrated. Net, $2.50 (Postage 25 cents).

| Choice Little Xmas Books |

The Joyous Miracle By FRANK NORRIS

This little story of Christ is one of the most perfect things ever written by the man
whom many leading critics thought liable to become our greatest American novelist. It is
very short, but it is one of the real pieces of satisfying imagination and execution on the
greatest of all themes which is worthy of permanent preservation, irrespective of its size.
Frontispiece in color by Herter. Net, 50 cents (Postage, 8 cents).

Siiiesrursuit O: Happiness © Hones

ERANK NORRISS — A philosophical treatise on the acquirement of true happiness, with practical suggestions
toward its acquisition.
CONTENTS: DETERMINATION, REGULATION, PROPORTION, VISION, MINISTRATION, RELIGION

With frontispiece, Net, 75 cents (Postage, 8 cents).

CRUMBS
By DOLORES BACON, Author of “Old New England Churches and Their Children.” AND HIS TIMES
In no sense is this book theoretical. It presents the actual life of a child £5)

| THE JOYOUS MIRACLE

of seyen and the problems that confront the mother during this period. $1.00.

The Cynic’s Word Book

By AMBROSE BIERCE
A stimulating work for enlightened souls. Frontispiece. Net, $1.00
(Postage 1o cents).

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK THE GARDEN
1N AMERICA FARMING : MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEw YORK.

DOLORES. BACON

220-d THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DecEeMBER, 1906

| The World Out-of-Doors |

The Arab tj < bs fi ps J A valuable book which points out the

real merits of the Arab, his distinct dif-

Horse » i Mw ferences (even on important anatomical
aa ta 4 variation) from other horses, and the
By SPENCER BORDEN ha. Pe ' history of the pure-blooded animals in
With a preface by Prof. Henry Osborn % Lo America. Twenty-four photographs.
of the American Museum of Natural 1 1 Net, $1.20. (Postage, 12 cents.)
History.

The Dog Book By JAMES WATSON, Judge at shows, and dog student for forty years.

Now complete in ten parts or two volumes. Beautifully illustrated. Price per part, $1.10. Complete, $12.00 subscription.

F arm Animals. By E. V. WILCOX

A most valuable manual of how to breed, care for, use and doctor all the animals on the
farm. Sixty-four photographic illustrations. Net, $2.00. (Postage 20 cents.)

By LEONARD

Lawns and How to Make Them ” garron

A volume of practical suggestions which in the aggregate, mean a sward of refreshing
green. Uniform with “Roses” and ‘Ferns and How to Grow Them.” Thirty-two Teautiful
“How to” pictures. Net, $1.10. (Postage 11 cents.)

Series I.—Bird Neighbors

Nature Calendars} wie nevesana -

There is a beautiful color plate of the bird, flower, or tree suitable
to the particular season for each month in the year, together with a
description of the species represented. Each $1.50.

Our Best Books for Children |

1 The Second Violin ® genicxp

The author of The Indifference of Juliet has here a charming book for ee
girls, with something of the flavor of Miss Alcotts’s Perennial Tales. $1.50. = Hairy Talez
y Euccy Ghila

The “Every Child Should Know” Books

In schools and for home use this series is considered the best sort of reading for
youngsters. We have just added these new volumes :

Songs Every Child Should Know, edited by Dolores Bacon,

Legends Every Child Should Know, edited by H. W. Mabie,

Heroes Every Child Should Know, edited by H. W. Mabie,

and these are uniform with
Poems, Fairy Tales, and Myths, Every Child Should Know.
Each decorated by B. Ostertag, 90 cents net. (Postage 10 cents.) Half and full ” pues :

SONGS” ) leather bindings, Net, $1.50. (Postage ro cents.) DRAGON-FLY

Lie tie Airship Dra o onfly D OpaNG Wy YY,

The thrilling experiences of three youngsters who lost themselves in an airship. Tllus- q
trated by Ruth M. Hallock. Net, $1.25. (Postage, 13 cents.) 4 XX \\

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK THe GARDEN ae ee, j
IN AMERICA FARMING MAGAZINE | By Wo J-HOPKINS

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YoRK. |

Showld Koow

DeEcEMBER, 1906

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock
DIRECTORY

Information about the selection and care of dogs, poultry and
live stock will be gladly given. Address INFORMATION
DEPARTMENT, THE GarvEenN MAGAZINE, 133 East 16th
Street, New York.

HONEST GOODS

Josiah Young’s

SPRING CATALOGUE

OF
PLANTS
and SEEDS

Will be ready for mailing Jan. 1.
SENT FREE

Josiah Young. 23 Grand St., Troy, N.Y.
HONEST PRICES)

STRENGTH
DURABILITY
ECONOMY

These are the characteris-
tics of Page Fence. Strong
because made of high car-
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Economical because it re-
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Our catalog fells all
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PAGE WOVFN WIRE FENCE CO.
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Why not send for them. _ Catalog full of F
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and PLANS FREE.

H. Tl. SHEER CO. —

176 Hamp. St., Quincy

5 JUNE

Speer: and pet dogs,
Cattle, Sheep, Swine,
Pigeons, Ferrets and Rab-
bits.

56-Page illustrated Catalogue, 10 cents

Cc. G. LLOYDT
Dept. 30, Sayre, Bradford Co., Pa.

“me ps Scottish Terriers

>»

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] Best for children’s pets.
NEWCASTLE KENNELS
Brookline, Mass.

Bloodhounds, Foxhounds, Norwegian
Bearhounds, Irish Wolfhounds
Registered
ROOKWOOD KENNELS

4c. stamp for catalog. Lexington, Ky.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

aS ay a ‘ ss :
RISGMES DUMBER 1906)

political reputations.
The People’s Lobby

the people’s interests.
country.

F. Hopkinson Smith

Contains monthly ‘‘ Questions and Answers’
Literature, by Epwin Marxuam.

Civic Betterment, by J. Horace McFarranp.
Science and Invention, by Hupson Maxim
Agriculture, by Prof. Witt1am P_ Brooxs

10 Cents
Per Copy

‘ Instead of buying a pup

Collies why not buy a female

collie, recently bred, and

rear a whole litter, at about the cost of
purchasing a pup?

Harvale Farm Kennels Midland Park, N.J.

The Frog Book

An interesting and practical
work on “‘How to Breed,
Feed and Raise Frogs.’’
Sent postpaid for $1.00.

MEADOW BROOK FARM
Allendale, N. J.

Rh et a AT gC Reem ene yo en eae

Vance Thompson —The Dreyfus Drama

Mr. Thompson has, from his intimate internal knowledge of all the conditions surrounding ‘¢ the
greatest tragedy of the age,’ given us a most powerful and pathetic story of the plot which convulsed
all Europe — which brought about the downfall of cabinets and the destruction of military and
A three-part story commencing in the December number.

represents a great national movement, originated and organized by Success Macazine, to protect
It is managed by a governing board of leading Americans from all parts of the
Full information about its workings in Success MaGazine during 1907.

In ‘* Loretta of the Shipyards’’ Mr. Smith has given us a beautiful love story of Old Venice —
one of the best which has ever come from his graceful and facile pen.

The Editor’s Cabinet

of the highest interest and value, edited by leading authorities:

SUCCESS MAGAZINE. wostissos Sour, New York

The great magazine feature of the
coming year will be contributed
to Success Macazine by

Josiah Flynt

college man, tramp, vagabond,
beggar, adventurer, world roamer
—the man who knows better than
any other, perhaps, the under-
world of European and Ameri-
can citiles—the man who has made
the police forces of New York and
Chicago frantic with rage while
successfully eluding their most
intense desire to lay hands on
him, “Josiah Flynt” gives to the
world, in Success MacGazine, his
true and complete life story “up
to date.” It is a story pitiful,
fascinating, exciting, sad, merry,
brilliant—uwtterly unique,—a story
of most gripping and absorbing
interest. It commences in the
December numbe:.

Domestic Economy, by Isaser Gorpon Curtis.
Child Study, by Patterson Du Bolts.

Hints to Investors, by Ep>warp SHERWooD Meape.
The Drama, by Davip Betrasco.

$1.00
Per Year

| d The art of winter poultry feed- |
OW 0 ee ing to double egg production
da

and produce early broilers,

POULTRY made plain in booklet “How to
make Poultry Pay.” Proves

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Freely yours for asking.

STEARNS
Bone Gutters

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Automatic feed. Allsizes. Get free
catalogue and booklet,

| E.C. STEARNS & CO., Box 2, Syracuse, N. Y-

\

222 THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

DrcEemMBER, 1906

SLAT WALK) a
SOIL Y j
¥ :
y Z CONCRETE | ZA
Z Teo ited AG ps
DRAIN—#

Everything Worth Growing

WEEPING BLUE SPRUCE. This most
wonderful weeping conifer is the most dis-
tinct weeping tree in existence. No lawn is
complete without one; ask price.

ROSES, 500 varieties.

CONIFERS & EVERGREENS,150 varieties

RHODODENDRONS, 5° varieties.

EVERGREEN SHRUBS, 35 varieties.

FLOWERING SHRUBS, 350 varieties.

JAPANESE MAPLES, 25 varieties.

ORNAMENTAL DECIDUOUS SHADE
TREES, 125 varieties.

WEEPING and STANDARD DECIDU-
OUS TREES, 50 varieties.

HEDGE PLANTS, 25 kinds.

HARDY VINES & CLIMBERS, 90 varieties.

PLANTS & TRAILING VINES,12 varieties

SPRING and SUMMER FLOWERING
BULBS, 250 varieties.

and FLOWERING

DECORATIVE
PLANTS, 50 varieties.

TRAINED and OTHER FRUIT TREES. }

We can supply in any quantity and in a!l
varieties; Nectarines, Peaches, Plums, Ap-
ricots, Cherries, Pears, Apples, etc.
SMALL FRUITS, 75 varieties.
NUT TREES, 10 varieties.
MISCELLANEOUS NEW and RARE
PLANTS and VINES, 25 varieties.
NEW and RARE TREES, SHRUBS and
EVERGREENS, 35 varieties.

HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS (Old

Fashioned # lowers), 1,500 varieties.
NEW and RARE CHOICE HARDY PE-
RENNIALS, 65 varieties.
ORNAMENTAL GRASSES, 30 varieties.
HARDY FERNS, 50 varieties.

All of the above and many others now growing in our Nurseries are enumerated and described in
our New Illustrated General Catalogue, which we will mai
free to parties desiring to beautify their grounds.
We will be glad to have intending purchasers visit our Nurseries where they
will find the most complete collection of stock to make their grounds beautiful,

BOBBINK & ATKINS (077027575) RUTHERFORD, N. J.

If You Wanted Grapes
For Christmas

grown in your own glass enclosed arbor—the greenhouse—
you should have erected it a full year ago. It’s the same
way with peaches or nectarines, so build now and get your
trees started for next year.

The best sort of peach house or vinery is constructed with
what is called a border, made by taking three or four feet
of the dirt out of the house and giving it a cement bottom
with a drainage point, then refilled with soil. In this way
you confine all the roots within the house under perfect
control for heating, watering and fertilizing. To build a
successful fruit house requires a skill that comes from long
experience and an accurate knowledge of growing require-
ments; the taking of every advantage Nature can be made
to yield; the correct employment of artificial conditions —
these things we thoroughly understand — we guarantee a
perfect house. Come and talk it over with our Mr. Craw
at the New York Offices, 1133 Broadway, Corner of 26th

- Street, or write and he will arrange to come and see you.
Lord & Burnham,Greenhouse Designers

and Manufacturers, 1133 Broadway, cor.

26th Street, New York. Boston Branch: 819
Tremont Building.

“Saved Twenty Times Its Cost”

“Tam writing this,’ says E. C. Parmelee, Highlands, N. J., by the light of one of
your Angle Lamps. In fact I would not think of using any other light. ‘hey are the
lamps. Everyone who has seen mine is impressed with them. Why, I have saved at least
twenty times their cost in oil, burners, chimneys and ‘ cuss words.’”’

The Angle Lamp is not an improvement on the old style lamp but an entirely new
principle of oil lighting which has made common kerosene (or coal oil) the most satisfac-
tory of all lighting methods. Safer and more reliable than gasoline, or acetylene, yet as
convenient to operate as gas or electricity.

The ANGLE LAMP

is lighted and extinguished like gas. May be tured high or low without odor. Nosmoke,
no danger. Filled while lighted and without moving. Requires filling but once or twice
a week. It floodsa room with its beautiful, soft, mellow light that hasno equal. Write
for our catalog ‘‘41”’ and our proposition for a

30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL

Write for our catolog 4r, listing thirty-two varieties of the Angle Lamp from
$1.80 up, now—before you forget it—before you turn this leaf—for it gives
you the benefit of our ten years of experience with ad/ lighting methods.

THE ANGLE MFG. CO., 78-80 Murray St., New York

73

DECEMBER, 19

See

06

CoveR DEsIGN—BARBERRIES (Berberis vulgaris) - -

THE GARDENER’S REMINDER - = - - = - :
RECORD BREAKING EXPERIENCES IN GARDENING - = -
HEALTHY CLEMATIS AT LAsT - = = = = = £
CELERY ON A City Lot - - - Flora Warner

SWEET PEAS ON MAyi7TH - - - Frank FH, Presby
Photographs by Harriett C. Presby

Epsom SALTS FOR AZALEAS- - - - J. C. Hogenson
Photographs by the author

A 6x8 Foot GARDEN - - - :
Photograph by H. E. Angell

POTATOES IN SEVEN WEEKS - = -
Photograph by the author
A R®eALLY ATTRACTIVE CHRISTMAS WINDOW GARDEN - =
IN. R. Graves

Mabel Daumont

SJ. J. Walson

Photograph by the author
A PHENOMENAL DevutziA (Photograph) M. Shaw

Brean PoLES WHERE THERE ARE No BEAN Po tes A. R. Mosnat
Photograph by the author

A GARDEN FOR SIXTEEN CENTS -
Photographs by the author

PAINTING A House WitHout RUINING THE VINES L. B. Carpenter
z Sketch by the author

Lowise

Lowise Klein Miller

By li CLT:

CHRISTMAS FLOWERS IN TuHirty Days = -
Photograph by the author

THE Poppy-BED PROBLEM SOLVED -
Photograph by the author

WILHELM MILLER, Epitor.—Copyricut, 1906, sy DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
Entered as second-class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879.

Louise Shaw

The ABOVE ‘‘Copley’” Lavatory, Plate P503-B
can be purchased from any plumber at a
cost approximating $34.00—not counting
freight, labor or piping.

London, England: 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C.
Louisville:

in detail, together with many hints on decoration, tiling, etc.
the most complete and beautiful booklet ever issued on the subject,
and contains 100 pages.
of your plumber and architect (if selected).

CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Ware bears our “Standard” ‘Green and Gold”’
guarantee label, and has our trade-mark “Standard” cast on the outside.
and trade-mark are on the fixture tt is not “Standard” Ware. Refuse substitutes—they are all
infertor and will cost you more in the end. The word “Standar
eled brass fittings ; specify them and see that you get the genuine trimmings with your bath and lavatory, etc.

Address Standard Sanitary Mf{g.Co. Dept. 37, Pittsburgh, U.S. A.

“Standard” Building, 35-37 West 31st Street.
Cor. Baronne & St. Joseph Sts.

Offices and Showrooms in New York:
New Orleans:
325-320 West Main Street.

Wilhelm Muller

Flomer Hodgkins

ALL THE HoLLirs WorTH GROWING =
Photographs by N. R. Graves

A Pracre PLANTED FOR WINTER COMFORT
Sketch by I. G. Tabor

AN OUTDOOR WINTER GARDEN 2 =
Photographs by N. R. Graves

Rep Berries THAT Last Two YErars Thomas
Photograph by Henry Troth

OTHER RED-BERRIED PLANTS e be - P. T. Barnes
Photographs by Henry Troth and N. R. Graves

How to Krrp PLANTS HEALTHY IN THE House - P. T. Barnes

A HOME-MADE JAPANESE GARDEN - - - M.K. Farrand
Photographs by H. E. Angell

Tymnc Up THE CHRISTMAS PRESENTS = - Phineas Nolte

RHUBARB AND ASPARAGUS ALL WINTER IN A HOTBED OR -
FRAME - - - - - - - George Standen

Tue Best LIivE-SULPHUR WASH - - - = - =
THE SUCKERING ELM IN CALIFORNIA 2 = Hila Cx hong
WHEN TO Prant Eremurus F. H. Horsford, W. N. Campbell
A PRoFirT OF $1.11 FROM 2 CENTS’ WorTH OF CORN - =

Lillie Koch
THE ComMMON BARBERRY = : = - = = =
ANSWERS TO QUERIES - 7 : = - = = -

Tue BEST GARDENING BooKS FOR CHRISTMAS PRESENTS - =
Thomas McAdam

Leonard Barron

McAdam

Lp
, 66 id

A Snowy Standar Lavatory
of Porcelain Enamel completes the comfort of
your bedroom, and by eliminating the unsightly
washstand adds a finished note of charm to its
intimate beauty. _ It is pure white and sanitary
—an aid to cleanliness—a_preserver of health,
and a source of unlimited satisfaction to the

possesscr.

Our Book, ‘‘MODERN BATHROOMS,”’’ shows
many beautiful Lavatory designs suitable for bed-
rooms with prices in detail. It also tells you how
to plan, buy and arrange your bathroom, and illus-
trates many beautiful and inexpensive as well as
luxurious rooms, showing the cost of each fixture
It is

FREE for six cents postage and the name

Unless the label

ts stamped on all our ntck-

Pittsburgh Showroom:
208-210 Huron Street.

949 Penn Avenue.
Cleveland:

N. R. Graves

PAGE
234

238

204 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Decempnn, 1906

N \"en
\ . \ \\ \\

\\\

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{pee Chickering Piano possesses those qualities which satisfy and will endure. @ The
peculiar charm of its tone has been the despair of its imitators. @ Its responsive touch
and general mechanical perfection make it the favorite instrument alike for teacher and
virtuoso. @ Its refinement of finish makes it a thing of artistic beauty, and the absolute
honesty in every detail of material and workmanship gives it those staying powers that
make it possible to find Chickering Pianos made in 1826 in good condition to-day.

CHICKERING & SONS, 827 Tremont St., BOSTON
Established 1823 Catalogue upon request

The Garden Magazine

VoL. IV—No. 5

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

Some Plants and Flowers for
Christmas Cheer
OME-GROWN flowers for Christmas
gifts! How much more expressive
than what you merely buy in the stores.
Living plants, or even cut flowers of your
own rearing, carry with them a touch of
personality and evidence of forethought
that makes them doubly welcome.

The easiest of all things to do is to force
the ‘lesser’? bulbs—Roman hyacinths, cro-
cus, snowdrops, etc. These do not require any
better conditions than may usually be found
in the window garden, and you have all the
pleasure and satisfaction of having seen the
plants grow to the flowering stage before
giving them away.

Roman hyacinths that were potted in Oc-
tober, and have been making roots while
buried, can be forced into bloom in four
weeks from the time they are brought indoors.
If you have a small greenhouse where a
temperature of 60° and bottom heat can be
had the bulbs can be forced for Christmas
bloom in three weeks.

By all means try some crocuses in the
window garden this year. They can be had
for the holidays, for they need only two weeks
forcing. Put about a dozen bulbs in a 6-inch
pan; this is far better than using a pot.

The polyanthus narcissus (VV. Tazetta) can
also be had in bloom for Christmas by start-
ing it about November rsth.

But the easiest bulb to handle is the Chinese
sacred lily, which will do just as well in
water as it will in soil. It will flower in six
week’s time.

Red is the Christmas color, above all else.
Even among flowers, red varieties will prove
far more popular than white or yellow—
they seem to be more expressive of the pre-
vailing sentiment of the season. White
flowers fit in better for Easter. Red is cheery
and warm. But it requires no little skill to
have even red Duc van Thol tulips by De-
cember 25th. Allow five weeks after the
potted and rooted bulbs are brought into heat

DECEMBER, 1906

before they will flower.
temperature of 55° at night, after the first
week. Up to that time they may be kept a
little cooler. The stems of these early tulips
are very short, so when picking the flowers,
instead of cutting the stem at the bulb,
it is better to spilt open the bulb, to retain
the full length of the stem.

After December 20th tulips will force
more easily and can be had in flower in four
to five weeks.

The earliest planted freesias (those potted
in August) will flower for Christmas if they
are kept warm (about 55° or more), after
November 15th.

AZALEAS FOR THE HOLIDAYS

If you bought Indian azaleas in September
or October, as advised in the September
Gardener’s Reminder, you can have some
plants in flower around Christmas and New
Year’s. All varieties are not equally easy to
force for that time. The best of all is
Deutsche Perle (white). Simon Mardner
(deep pink), is more desirable because of its
color, but most amateurs find it difficult to
flower at this early date. Helen Thielman,
rosy carmine, is easier to handle, but less
attractive in color. Another easy one to
force is Verveeneana, the popular white and
pink variety, but its erect habit renders it
less decorative than the others. No other
varieties are so easily handled for Christmas
bloom.

The plants will flower in six weeks, if kept
in a night temperature of 55°. Failures in
forcing in the window garden, aside from poor
ventilation, usually occur through the night
temperature falling too low.

EASILY RAISED DELICACIES

Would you enjoy a dish of asparagus or
rhubarb, before the outdoor crops are ready ?
Dig up the roots in December, and put them
in boxes, where they may be stored away in
the cellar or other cool, dark place. These
roots can be forced in December and January
in cold-frames (using manure to give the
necessary heat), under the greenhouse
benches, or in a heated cellar, where they can
be kept moist. It is considered better to
let the roots get one good frost before forcing
is begun. Select strong roots, preferably
three or four years old.

Unless the frames are ventilated from time
to time, mildew will surely attack the grow-
ing plants. Whenever the air is above freez-
ing temperature, uncover the lights, and ven-
tilate by fixing the sash open with a block.
Raise it six inches on a very warm day. A
piece of wood 2x4x6 in. is a handy adjunct
to a frame.

Have some hay piled in a convenient place

ORE DOLLAR A YEAR
TEN CENTS A COPY

Keep the bulbs ina * ready for throwing over the frames during

extra cold weather. At other times the mats
and shutters will be sufficient.

Make shutters for the frames at once.
The right size for convenient handling is
3x6 ft. These are to be put over the mats,
which they protect. The snow can be shov-
eled off the shutters much more easily than
from the mats.

SOW VEGETABLES FOR SUCCESSION

In the hotbed you can sow lettuce, radish,
and spinach for succession. Seed sown Dec-
cember rst will give mature crops as follows:
Head lettuce, March; radish, January;
spinach, February.

Sow cauliflower in the hotbed for trans-
planting into coldframes later. These will
mature in early summer.

OUTDOOR WORK THIS WINTER

Just as soon as the ground freezes—but
not before—mulch all bulb beds.

Prune the fruit trees and grape vines. It
is better to prune during the late fall, before
hard frosts arrive, or in early spring. Pruning
can, however, be done at any time during the
winter, when the weather is congenial enough
for one to be out-of-doors.

Examine the fruit trees for winter nests
of insects. If you see two or three leaves
rolled up together, beeak them open. If
they contain a lot of little caterpillars about
one-quarter of an inch long, they are probably
the grubs of the brown-tail moth. Burn all
the nests that you can find.

The easiest way to get ahead of tent cater-
pillars, is to cut down all the wild cherry
trees on the place and burn them. Also look
at the other trees for the little knobs on the
twigs, as illustrated in the November
GARDEN MaAGaAZINE,: page 178. Cut off
and burn them.

The bag worm spends the winter in cocoons
which are suspended from the twigs of the
arborvite, or other coniferous trees. Gather
all you find, as well as any other cocoons,
and burn them.

Spray for San Joséscale witha lime-sulphur
wash. A very convenient formula is given
in December, 1905, GARDEN MAGAZINE,
page 240.

Spray roses with whale-oil soap for scurfy
scale. Use one pound of the soap to a gallon
of water.

Many choice little herbaceous plants of the
rockery which are rather tender may be safe-
ly wintered over by covering with a pane of
glass to keep off the rain.

Clean up all the tools and cover the iron
work with grease to keep them from rusting.
A mixture of white lead and lard is best;
vaseline is good.

Pr a

Among the very best flowering vines for trellis or porch are the Jackman clematis (C. Jackmant), with violet flowers, and its varieties. But unfortunately the

plants often die mysteriously.

By cutting off the entire top when planting in May, a strong new resistant growth results

Record-breaking Experiences in Gardening

THE SECOND ANNUAL COLLECTION OF LITTLE NARRATIVES BY THE READERS OF THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, IN
WHICH THEY TELL OF UNUSUAL PERSONAL ACHIEVEMENTS IN GETTING BIGGER, BETTER, OR EARLIER RESULTS

[Eprror’s Note;—The December number of Tur Garpen Macazine has a_ peculiar significance.
feature of “rounding up” the experiences of its own family of readers during the year.

authenticated set of horticultural records and we repeat our challenge of last year.
We hereby offer Five-dollar bills in unlimited number for any accounts of personal experience that beat any of the present records, or for accounts of original experiences

similarly told. We want more little stories of home successes, and especially under unusual conditions.

It differs from the Christmas numbers of other periodicals in this
Particularly we want the assistance of our readers to help us establish an

To be eligible under the offer the article must be short, concise, stating

all the essential facts as to conditions and results, and must be accompanied by a photograph. And we look for the home feeling—mere size of a single specimen, for in-
stance, does not necessarily entitle the subject to an award; we would rather have earliness combined with quality.
We reserve the right to be the sole judges of what constitutes a record-breaking achievement under these conditions.|

Healthy Clematis at Last

i IS no use planting varieties of the Jack-
man clematis,” is the opinion of nine-
tenths of the people who have tried them
once, “because,” as they urge, ‘‘you no
sooner have the plant than you lose it.”
The ‘‘disease’””—nobody seems to have
any very definite ideas as to what it is—

attacks the plant, killing the growth when it:

is just about at its best, and when the gorg-
eous flowers should be opening in all their
glory. That it is an eel worm, which chokes
the woody tissue of the plant, and prevents
the circulation of the sap, is most likely the
true explanation of this bothersome disease.

A Holland nurseryman, Mr. B. M. Koster,
after studying some acres of clematis, came
to the conclusion that this eel worm traveled
on the surface of the wet ground, and entered

the plant through the ruptured bark, just at
the point of emergence from the earth. He
gives these reasons for the belief: 1. The
trouble is most noticed after a fairly wet
season; 2. Hilling around the plant with
sand seems to lessen the liability to attack.
Here is an interesting fact. The plants
as offered for sale as they come from the
nurseries have an abundance of roots and
usually a slender growth, with the bark
badly torn an inch or so above the crown.
The clematis bark, as is well known, splits
very easily; merely giving the stem a slight
twist will rupture it. Now, as planted in the
nursery, these whip-like growths are driven
about by the winds, with the result shown in
the illustration at the top of the next page.
Suppose they are grown to stakes, the danger
of damage still exists, because in shipping
and handling before they are planted, they
226

are exposed to a good deal of rough usage,
and more or less tearing of the bark is bound
to follow. If these plants are set out in this
condition, the entry of the disease is invited.

Mr. Koster’s remedy therefore, is this:
Cut an inch or two below the crown,
completely severing the upper portion of
the plant. The clematis makes buds and
roots in alternate tiers, and, by thus cutting,
a pair of underground buds will be started
into vigorous growth. If the ground is
slightly hilled now, these new shoots will
come up unscathed, with entire bark, offering
no entry for the troublesome worm. This
cutting is done immediately on planting,
sacrificing the entire top of the plant. It
seems like too. radical a treatment.

Here is the evidence of one of the
leading nurserymen of this country. Can
any better testimony be had? He writes that

SS SE — —

DECEMBER 1906

“Clematis, plants
such as we send out
in the spring of the
year are field-
grown plants which
we import from
Holland. These
plants, early in
spring, before they
start into active
growth, we usually
pot up into 5- or
6-inch pots, leaving
about three feet of
the old wood on the
plants, in whichcon-
dition they are sold
to the retail trade
during the spring
months. — Usually
our sales for this
class of stock con-
tinue until the latter
part of June, and
until a few years
ago we simply carried what stock was left over
in pots throughout the summer, allowing the
old tops to remain on the plants. Handled in
this manner we lost anywhere from so per cent.
to 75 per cent. of the plants. In speaking to
Mr. Koster about this serious loss at one time,
he suggested that when our selling season
was over we should take the plants, cut the
tops off level with the ground and bury the
pots in a well-drained piece of ground, so
that they would be covered with an inch of
soil, assuring me that the greater part of the
plants would start into new growth /rom the
root.

This I have done for the last three or four
years with most wonderful results. I now
save from 75 per cent. to go per cent. of
the plants, losing only from ro per cent. to 25
per cent. The treatment seemed so harsh
—to take the plants in this growing condition
and cut down so severely—that I felt sure
after the job was completed the first time,
that it would be an entire loss, and the result
surprised me. Mr. Koster recommends
that clematis, when planted in the open
ground, be treated in the same manner,
and from what I have seen of the pot-grown
stock here I believe that he is correct.”

Clematis as it is usually
planted. Note the ruptured
bark close to the roots

Celery on a City Lot
Fitora Warner, Michigan

ee. year I had a celery bed which was

partly between the barn and corn
crib, and partly south of them, and was pro-
tected on the north side by a tight board
fence. The north part is low and always
moist; the south part is higher and dry.
The area of the bed was about four and three-
quarters square rods, or about one fortieth
of an acre.

On May 25th two 1-horse loads of well-
rotted manure were spread evenly over the
surface, and spaded into the soil. The
ground was left rough until the plants were
set out when it was raked until the surface
was smooth and fine, commercial fertilizer
being raked in at the same time.

THE: GARDEN

The seed of white plume celery was sowed
March 11th and grown in a cool greenhouse,
until the weather was warm enough for the
flat of young plants to be set outdoors, after
which, the plants were so neglected that stunt-
ed stock for transplanting resulted. Most of
the plants were set out, after a shower, on
June 15th. They were set five inches apart,
in rows that were ten inches apart, the rows
being in groups of four and five, with paths
between the groups twenty inches wide.
There were about 1,800 plants. By stretch-
ing a line the whole length of a row, distribu-
ting the plants along it, and then setting them
with a dibble, only a short time was required
to fill the bed. The plants being stunted
when set out, took quite a while to start
growing but not more than three dozen died.

The bed was weeded, soil loosened with a
hand weeder, and paths hoed and raked,
three times during the season. By the first of
September the bed was one sheet of dark
green and creamy white. The paths were
hardly distinguishable. To bleach the celery
boards six inches wide were shoved down

the paths under the leaves, carefully turned _

on edge against the rows of plants on each
side of each path, and held in place by stakes.

By the middle of the month we began
using the celery. Out of every roo plants,
about ten were culls; so that 200 plants out
of the 1,800 grown were useless. The 1,600
plants were worth twenty cents a dozen, so
the crop was worth $26.66.

What did I do with all my celery? Our
family is large, and we like celery, so we had
it on the table at least once a day, usually
twice. A neighboring grocer, bought six
dozen a week and my neighbors and friends
bought considerable of it. Im October, be-
fore severe frosts, we dug up several dozen
of the strongest plants, and after pulling off
the tough, imperfect stalks, set the roots in
about three inches of earth on the cellar floor,
packing them as close as possible, and yet

These sweet peas were in flower at Montclair, N. J., on May 17th.

MAGAZINE

Cut off the top of the clematis, even sacrificing a few
roots like this. New strong growth will develop from
the bud, clearly seen below the upper whorl of roots

having soil around each. They were then
moistened (without wetting the foliage and
stalks) and we were using crisp, white celery
until February 1st.

Sweet Peas on May 17th

Frank H. Pressy, New Jersey

4 [ae middle of February I planted fifty

pots of sweet peas, using 6-inch pots,
and putting six seeds to a pot. They were
placed in a sunny corner in my pit, which
was described in the September GARDEN
MAGAZINE, page 61.

The seeds were a long time germinating,
but the plants were three to four inches high,
and the pots full of roots by March 17th,
the time when I usually sow my sweet pea
seed outdoors.

Seeds were started in pots in February,
and transplanted March 17th, the usual date for sowing outdoors

228

I made a new trench—never plant sweet
peas twice in the same place—about fifty
feet long. The balls of earth were carefully
knocked out of the pots and set in the trench,
one foot apart.

The weather during March and April was
very favorable to the vines, which grew well,
so that I was able to pick my first flowers on
May 17th, and within a week a good-sized
bunch. From that time until I left my house
for the summer (about August 1st) I had all
the flowers one could want (everybody wants
plenty of sweet peas). The crop throughout
my town was more or less of a failure, be-
cause of a very severe drought in the spring.
I attribute my success to the fact that the
plants were able to get deeply rooted before
the dry weather set in.

Epsom Salts for Azaleas
J. C. HocGenson, Utah

Seow can grow azaleas and other lime-

hating plants on any sort of soil if
you dose them with Epsom salts. Naturally,
these plants inhabit a peaty, acid, or sour
soil, which conditions cannot exist where
lime is present. The usual method of grow-
ing azaleas, etc., in a limestone region is by
making huge excavations and filling in with a
specially made compost, and if you give a
sufficient depth (several feet) of the proper
soil, though it is underlaid by lime, the plants
will flourish abundantly. The common
Epsom salts (sulphate of magnesia), which
can be bought for ten cents a pound, will
counteract the lime.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1906

Do your azaleas resemble this? Then possibly
you have Jime in your soil. Compare with the plant
in the next column.

I took two plants as near alike as pos-
sible, and potted them up separately in a
good compost, to which nearly a half ounce of
lime was added to every five pounds of soil
or five and a half ounees to every cubic foot
of soil. One of the plants was grown in this
soil, without any other addition. The other
one received a good quarter of an ounce of
Epsom salts to every five pounds of soil (or
three and a quarter ounces to every cubic
foot and a little over three tons to an acre)

It was interesting to watch the develop-
ments. Both plants started out well, but the
one soon began to show weakness and the

These two rhododendrons were grown in the same lime-laden soil, except that Epsom salts was also added
to the pot on the left (1-4 ounce to every 5 lbs. of soil)

This result was brought about by adding Epsom
salts (sulphate of magnesia) to the lime-laden soil that
stunted the plant on the left

edges of the leaves curled inward; the
flower buds became limp, and finally turned
brown and dried up, without opening at all.
But what a difference in the other plant,
which had been dosed with Epsom salts; it
maintained good growth, bore an abundance
of flowers, and carried them for nearly a
month. The same thing happened with
rhododendrons.

The amateur gardener who suspects lime
is causing any difficulty in the growing of
azaleas and rhododendrons, should proceed
thus: Dig a hole two feet square, and loosen
the soil to a depth of two feet, mixing into it
twenty-eight ounces Epsom salts. As the
salt dissolves almost immediately on con-

tact with the soil, there is no need to make a —

solution, and it would seem from my ex-
periments that the one dose is sufficient for
the season’s growth. By this method I
do not see why members of the heath family
or any other lime-haters, cannot be grown
on any sort of soil.

A 6 by 8-foot Garden

MaBeEL Daumont, N. J.

WV EN a year ago last October I looked
on the small yard, which was simply
an ash and rubbish heap, at the back of the
house, I said, ‘“‘I will make a flower garden,”
speaking with the assurance of utter inex-
perience as to garden making outside of a
few invalid potted plants. I began, and
having begun kept at it notwithstanding the
unthought-of difficulties and labor.

I would read of people with limited in-
comes planting bulbs by the thousand and
other things in proportionate quantities.
That is not the kind of limited income with
which I am acquainted.

In the usual books and magazines on
gardening, rules and instructions are on a
large scale; quite too troublesome to reduce
in ratio.

In despair I turned from ‘‘acres, bushels,
gallons, and loads.’’ Nothing seemed to fit
my few feet of earth, so I evolved a garden
out of my hopes, desires, instincts, and com-

|
:

DEcEMBER, 1906

mon sense; one pair of hands doing every-
thing both inside and out.

When you hear the dimensions you will
wonder what time could be needed more
than the fugitive minutes most homemakers
have. The actual planting space, enclosed
by a paling fence is in two plots; one
6x8 ft., the other 4x5 ft., which a paved
path divides at right angles, skirting the
fence at one side. A gate at the end leads to
a turfed yard, used in common with other
tenants. I pilfered a few inches of this yard,
just outside my fence, as you will hear later.

First of all the clearing, and such a task—
where ashes were not, tough grass and weeds
of many seasons’ growth had to be dislodged,
the paving stones nearly came up too in my
enthusiasm. Little by little I brought good
soil from nearby lots; as the land was clayey,
sand was invited to take part and make it
friable.

As it was to be a garden in miniature it
was planned with exactness and with an eye
to the harmony of the various blooms I
elected to have. I had often read of, and
seen grass paths. I longed for one; so eleven
inches were marked off the full length of the
6-foot plot, leaving a bed eighteen inches wide
on one side. The larger space on the other
side was sub-divided, for easier handling, by a
curved path of oyster shells ten inches wide.
The making of this grassy way was toil
indeed, but not regretted. The grass I dug
from nearby lots in the fall and I chose that
which grew near trees, in small patches rather
than the larger sods I had not strength to
handle. Many of the pieces were only a few
inches square. ‘The fairy path was finished
by the first week in November also a narrow
grass border for the plots. All this must be
constantly clipped and kept within bounds.

Then I put in plants, roots, etc, which
would stand the winter and be established by
spring. They were placed with an eye to
fitness and coloring, the exposure being
southwestern. At the sides and corners of
the 6 x 8 ft. plot I had a white chrysanthe-
mum, a root from an elder bush, a day lily,
some yellow iris and a coreopsis. Along
the end fence, a Crimson Rambler rose, a
clematis, and several runners of honey-suckle.
On the other side of the fence (the pilfered
inches) a lilac shoot at the corner, one golden
glow, and a root each of pink, white, and
yellow chrysanthemums and a hollyhock of
aristocratic lineage. Finally a few dozen
assorted bulbs for spring blooming were
planted deep, and when the ground was frozen
stable litter and manure were strewn over the
ground.

When promising spring ceased flirting so
that the covering could be raked off it was a
joy to see everything growing and the grass
in good condition.

The middle spaces were prepared for seed,
keeping one portion for annuals. There
were no abnormal blooms, but flowers of
some kind were plentiful all summer and
autumn for table decoration and giving away.
The poppy bed, 2x4 ft., was a marvel of
beauty. Beyond, a square foot of California
poppies flanked by a maroon scabiosa and
two or three each of phlox, asters, and wall-

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

50x85 ft. yielded 15 bushels of good tubers in seven
weeks. The earliest record for that section of New
York State (Lake George)

flowers. A border of dwarf sweet alyssum
with a salvia at each end was a study in
scarlet and white. There was no crowding
except among some of the annuals, it being a
garden of units, bringing a single plant to
perfection rather than a row or group of
mediocre blossoms.

The 4x5 ft. plot forms part of the area
facing the kitchen door and window, through
which the sun streams nearly all day

Morning glories were trained over the
window to make a natural awning.

Trailing nasturtiums of all shades rioted
over the dividing fence. A castor bean
plant in one corner of the bed was given all
the care and room it needed, growing, with
tropical effect, seven feet tall with a spread
of eight feet. In the other corner on the
same side was one Golden Glow that was
a giant shower bouquet.

Overhanging and partly covering the
bricked-up portion which holds that part of
the garden in place, was a portiere four feet
long, reaching to the ground, of creeping
Charlie (Lysimachia nummularia). In that

229

same plot is a rose, a bush of lavender, a
bleeding heart, a wall-flower, a corner of
mint, and some bulbs.

Two gaunt clothes line posts just outside
the fence were converted by morning glories
planted and strung so that the poles were
completely covered, also festooning the space
between.

Two or three feet beyond is a silver leaf
maple sapling from a mountain side miles
away.

For fertilizing I discarded all the book talk
and had recourse to the homely dish water,
also rinsing water, slightly ammoniated, from
the wash tubs every week. My compost
heap is confined in a butter tub with holes
bored near the bottom. With the cover on
it is sightly and unsuspected. Stable litter
I get by the barrel from a huckster.

Potatoes in Seven Weeks
J. J. Witson, N. Y.

OTATOES in eight weeks, said the
GARDEN MacGazine for last March.
Impossible, I thought, but still, as I had
some tubers of Eureka in the cellar an ex-
periment was started. Result: potatoes in
seven weeks! I brought up a bushel of tubers
that had sprouts half an inch to an inch long
and placed them on trays in a light room
where the temperature ranged from 40° to
65°. The sprouts and surface of the po-
tatoes gradually turned to a bronze green.
The sprouts became stocky and had small,
scaly leaves but did not increase in length.
On the r8th of April they were planted in
a light sandy loam in a garden 50x 85 ft.,
having a slight grade to the east and south.
For fertilizer I used half a pint each of wood
ashes and hen manure to a hill. The seed
was handled with care so as not to injure
the sprouts and planted in rows four feet
apart and about fourteen inches between
the sets.

A woman's 6x8 ft. garden that gave a constant supply of cut flowers from spring until frost

230

The weather was very unfavorable being
cold and rather wet but the growth of the
vines was remarkable. The only cultivation
was with a wheel hoe, the ground being kept
flat. We dug the crop the last week in June
and got fifteen bushels. These are the
earliest potatoes ever raised in this part of
the state (on Lake George) where the season
is usuaily two to three weeks later than in
the vicinity of New York City.

A Really Attractive Christmas
Window Garden

N. R. Graves, Rochester, N. Y.

gree photograph on page 231 was taken
last Christmas. It was at once a
thing of beauty and a joy and pride of the
owner. Not only was there a variety of
palms and ferns, and the ubiquitous rubber
plant for greenery, but there were all these
in flower: geraniums, pelargoniums, or Lady
‘Washington geraniums, cyclamens, — lan-
tanas, begonias, fuchsias and several cacti,
and plants of coleus, asparagus, smilax, and
two varieties of begonia grown for their
beauty of foliage.

This garden is really an extension or bay
window, built on the house, and opening into
the dining room. <A door was cut through
between the two windows originally there,
so that from inside the garden has the ap-
pearance of being really part of the room.
It is 4.x 14 ft, of the same height as the room,

THE GARDEN. MAGAZINE

and built on an 8-inch brick foundation. A
cellar window opens into this space beneath
the floor, and during the winter this is kept
open for warmth. The three front sash are
4x 6 ft. while those at the ends are three feet
wide and six high. Above these sash are
transoms 18 in. x 4 ft. hung to swing out,
for ventilation.

Two shelves, each one foot wide, extend
around the room, one above and one below
the large sash. ‘These two shelves, and the
iron brackets which are screwed to the win-
dow casings, hold most of the plants.

Heated from the furnace by a register in the
floor, and the heat which comes from the
house, through the open windows and door,
it has never been necessary to give any ad-
ditional protection, except during extremely
cold nights, when pieces of cardboard are
placed in the outer windows next to the glass.

The windows from the dining room are
hung with curtains of a thin ruffled net,
draped sufficiently high so as not to interfere
with the Boston ferns which stand on the
sills. At each side of these windows stands
a large Kentia.

The upper shelf is almost filled, by
the geraniums, which do best there. A
few pots of smilax occupy the corners. A
touch of seasonable color is lent by three
hanging pots of crab cactus (Hpiphyllum
truncatum) which blossoms very freely.

On the brackets are the cyclamen, Gloire
de Lorraine begonia, lantana, Primula
obconica, and a couple of small plants of

DECEMBER, 1906

maidenhair fern. In the centre of the lower
shelf is an asparagus vine (A. plumosus) and
grouped at each side are Martha Washington
geraniums, fuchsias, Begonia Rex, B. me-
tallica and the coleus, while on the ends of
the shelf next the house are two pots of ivy,
which are being trained up over the windows.

MANAGEMENT FOR WINTER BLOOM

Cutting of geraniums are taken from good
healthy plants in the latter part of August and
potted in a rich garden loam. Set in a place
where they will have plenty of light, but no
direct sun they root in a month or so. Let
them remain unmoved at least two weeks
after they are rooted; then shift outdoors into
the sunlight, where they remain until ready
to move indoors to a well lighted corner. To
insure good stocky plants, pinch out the
centre, after the young plants get well started.
Remove all flower buds, as long as growth
alone is desired.

In watering window plants one must use
common sense. Give moisture whenever
necessary, and do it thoroughly. A little
sprinkling, which doesn’t penetrate the soil
more than half an inch or so, does but little
good, even if applied every day. So when
you water plants, give them a good soaking
then leave them alone until they really need
a similar treatment. Geraniums will blos-
som better if kept slightly dry.

Divide primroses in the spring, pot and
keep in partial shade during the heat of sum-
mer, remove all flower buds, and notice

The reward of not crowding.

A phenomenal deutzia growing in a New Jersey garden.
height. not including the coronet-like plumes.

The bush measured nine feet in diameter, and very nearly six feet in

You can have an equally good specimen by affording plenty of room and giving ordinary care

A Christmas window garden that is really a success.

give greenery.

particularly whether the plants need re-
potting in the fall. Keep primroses fairly
moist.

Begonias are long-lived as a general rule,
and if repotted each spring, kept outdoors in
light shade, and fairly dry during the
summer, will quickly come in bloom when
brought into the house, if given plenty of
sunlight and water. The fuchsia also likes
the shade during the hot summer months.

Most people find cyclamen hard to grow,
but they are such a desirable addition to one’s
winter bloom that they are well worth the
trouble. They should be kept cool and
shady during the summer, protected from
direct sunlight, and watered mornings.
Pinch off all flower buds until September
15th. Two persistent enemies of the cyc-
lamen are the green fly, and the worm. The
former gets in the heart, and destroys all the
flower buds, but a little tobacco dust will
destroy it. The worst enemy is the
worm, and a weak, sickly plant indicates a
worm in the root. The safest way is to
keep the pots plunged in ashes or peat
during the summer.

When cuttings of pelargoniums are first
made drench the soil with water, then keep
fairly dry, to prevent rot, until plants are

Geraniums, cyclamens, crab-cacti, and prim

brought in the house, when they should have
plenty of sun and water.

The crab cactus is kept dry during the
summer; water being given not oftener than
once a month, or until it shows flower buds;
then give it all the water it will take
until through blooming.

I think that using fertilizers in a window
garden oftentimes does more harm than
good. If the plants are in good rich soil, and
in well-drained pots, and otherwise in good
condition they will not need fertilizer to make
them bloom. In a large greenhouse, where
there is abundance of air, fertilizers are some-
times: beneficial.

‘Among other plants which will bloom at
Christmas time in the house are narcissus,
the early tulips, the Roman hyacinth, several
early varieties of the Indian azalea (Deutsche
Perle, Vanderkreusen, and Pharilda Matil-
da), the calla lily, heliotrope, oxalis, and
amaryllis. Carnations do very well, if good
strong plants are obtained

During the summer, after the flowering
plants have been removed, shades are put
in the windows and the ferns and palms set
in, so that the window garden is an attractive
feature in the summer as well as during the
winter.

231

SER a eee morte

ri
cpr
he neepnninneens

erent AOE

= =

ulas give plenty of flowers; palms, ferns, and Asparagus Sprengert
This is built outside the window of the room, and has no heat other than what comes from the furnace of the house

Bean Poles Where There Are
No Poles

H. R. Mosnat, Iowa

I wished to grow pole beans out here where

there are no poles! There were good
reasons; because I hada green podded variety
of which the family is very fond; because I be-
lieve that pole beans are of better quality than
bush beans; further, because in a small
garden they will yield a much larger crop
than bush beans en the same space; and be-
cause they are easier to pick.

But there was always trouble in getting
poles. This is not a timbered country, and
it is impossible to get cedar poles, which are
really the only satisfactory ones. I used
sunflowers instead.

It has always been my custom to set the
poles securely in the ground before planting
the beans, and I followed this same method
when putting out the sunflower bean poles.
The sunflowers were transplanted from a
patch of self-sown plants just before planting
the bean hills.

For a time it seemed as if the beans were
going to smother the young sunflowers, but
the latter soon struck a gait that not even the
vining pole beans could keep up with, and in

232

A happy inspiration! When you cannot get poles for
the pole beans, grow sunflowers as supports.

July, when the beans began to bear, they had
climbed little more than half as high as some
of the sunflowers, which on account of trans-
planting, developed into very sturdy, stocky
plants. |The only care the sunflowers have
required has been cutting off the lower leaves
and branches in order to give the beans more
air and sunshine. ‘There are forty hills of
beans, half of which are growing on wooden

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

poles, the remainder were trained on sun-
flower plants.

The labor of providing sunflower plants
was considerably less than that of putting in
the wooden poles.

A Garden for Sixteen Cents

LouisE KLeiIn MILier, Cleveland, Ohio

BEN and J are neighbors. There was an
empty space in our back yards and
we pooled our efforts to make a neighbor-
hood garden, utilizing his practical experi-
ences and my ‘‘theories,”’ thus deriving some
pleasure from digging in the soil, and in-
cidentally having fresh vegetables during
the summer. We bought sixteen penny
packages of seeds, ten of flowers and six of
vegetables.

With line and tape measure, we laid out
the garden, striving to combine. utility
with artistic effects in color and arrangement.
It is possible for a vegetable garden to be
just as interesting and beautiful as a flower
garden, and it is more practical; but a com-
bination of the two is the plan par excellence.
The garden was twenty feet square. All
the paths of the garden were two feet wide.
Instead of having a bed of coleus, or other
“bedding plant,” we had a three-foot border
around the entire garden of vegetables.

On the outside edge of the bed was a row
of carrots which were sown very thickly, and
thinned when the roots were about three
inches long. These young carrots are de-
licious stewed with a few raisins and dressed
with cream. By judicious thinning, we had
carrots until frost. Lettuce bordered the
other edge of the garden and was crisp and
tender in the early season, giving good heads

This 20 ft. square formal combination garden of flowers and vegetables was planted ata total cost of sixteen

cents for seeds.

For details, see plan

DeEcEMBER, 1906

Zo ren

Re reer

Cine fonen vere

C-vcttuce
D.- Reo Beers

RSTERS.

- Purom
CHImg PINKS,
SALSAM

- PorPses.
N-Limmins.

Planting chart of the sixteen-cent garden below

\- MAR IGOLDS.
2 BACHELOR BUTT.

> Foun dcvocns c-vens.

v - BEANS.
G-canners.

oga Pk

later. Next to the lettuce was a row of beets
which were thinned, and the young beets and
tops used for greens. After the lettuce had
passed its prime, and was removed, the beets
had grown so as to require the additional
space.

Next to the beets came a row of peas,
which were harvested early and the vines
pulled out. Between the carrots and the
peas was a row of beans which bore extremely
well. In the early spring we had a border
which was really beautiful, made so by the
contrasting colors, diversified foliage and
manner of growth. The light green of the
lettuce produced a good effect next to the
varied reds of the beets, and the yellow-greens
of the beans and the bluish green of the peas
were quite harmonious. When the bean
plants were full of the dainty white pea-
shaped blossoms, and later of yellow-green
pods, the border was exceedingly effective,

The autumn beauty of the feathery leaves
of the carrots and strong upright leaves of
the beets was charming.

The centre of the garden was reserved
for flowers. Marigolds occupied the centre
of the circular bed with a row of corn flower
next, with the four o’clocks around the edge.
The yellow and blue afforded a fine con-
trasting of color.

The corner beds were planted with refer-
ence to manner of growth, color, and time of
blooming. Zinnias were placed in the centres
of the beds, being rather strong and vigorous
in growth. By the time they were in their
prime, the poppy border (which came next)
had ceased flowering. Next came the bal-
sams, bearing their blossoms on a lower
plane than the poppies. The China pinks
added a row of flowers of rich velvety texture
and varied colors from the most delicate tints
to the deepest shades.

Perhaps the brightest border was the phlox
which bloomed all summer. Here for late
blooming we planted asters, which always
are most satisfactory.

The arrangement of our beds may not have
been the best, but it afforded pleasing variety
and we had a great deal of satisfaction out
of it. Corn is not the best thing to put into a

1906

DECEMBER,

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Vines offen interfere with repainting a house. By
means of the iron-frame hinged trellis which may be
laid flat on the ground, a difficulty is solved

garden, so it was relegated to the fence to
serve asa screen. Beyond the square garden
we put some tomato plants, a few more beans,
and some cabbage plants which were given
to us, but the sixteen-cent garden was con-
fined to the square.

Painting a House Without Ruin-
ing the Vines
L. B. Carpenter, Montclair, N. J.

ae question of training vines success-

fully, so that when a house is painted
they can be laid down and put up again
without injury, has been solved recently by
my neighbor. He madea device in the form of
a screen of wire netting attached top and bot-
tom to two poles by means of S-hooks and
it was kept in place by hanging the poles
on hooks screwed into the top and bottom of
the piazza. The poles were pieces of 1-inch
galvanized iron gas pipe eleven feet long.
At the shop where the pipe was bought, a
screw thread was cut on the ends of the pipe
and caps screwed on, so that the poles looked
neat. The netting was the kind ordinarily
employed for vines torun on. It was wrapped
once around each pole and then further
secured by the S-hooks, about sixteen inches
distant from each other. Three plain hooks
one in the middle and one at each end, were
screwed into both the top and bottom of the
piazza, for the screen to hang on. All the
hooks were of galvanized iron.

The vines are trained up the netting.
When painting is necessary, the screen can
be lifted from the fixed screws by the poles
without danger of coming apart from the
netting, and vines and all can be laid on the
grass and protected as seems best, then hung
up again when the painting is completed.

The end of the porch pictured is twelve
feet long, so two lengths of netting five feet
wide were wired together.

ChristmasFlowers inT hreeWeeks
Mrs. F. C. F., Michigan

UITE late last fall, when the price had
been reduced to the low figure of ten
cents a dozen, I invested twenty cents in nar-

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

cissus (Paper White) bulbs. They were not
planted until the first of December, when
some stones were put in the dishes, the
bulbs set in, and water poured on them.
Even the usual precaution of starting them
in the dark was not taken. In just
three weeks the first blossom burst from the
stalk of buds, and one single stalk had eleven
pure white blossoms, almost overpowering
with their fragrance. Some grew more
slowly than the others and on January 8th,
one 6-inch dish having ten bulbs had six
stalks of expanded blossoms and two other
yet to open.

The Chinese lily bulbs which I got at the
same time had scarcely blossomed. This
winter I shall start earlier and make several
plantings, so as to lengthen the enjoyment.
I think it is the greatest return for the money
I ever received.

The Poppy Bed Problem Solved

Louise SHaw, N. J.

\ X 7 E LIKE to grow plenty of poppies each
year, but as their season is so short

/
there is ever the problem of what to do with
the bed afterwards.

In the April GARDEN MAGAZINE one prac-
tical solution was to transplant asters or
other annuals. My (accidental) scheme
seems better as the end or even middle of
July is rather late to transplant annuals.

For two years we grew portulaca asabor- . &

der to a garden walk. The third season we
decided to have Shirley poppies instead, and
sowed the seed as early in the spring as pos-
sible. Poppies and self-sown portulaca came
up together but the poppies so quickly out-
stripped the portulaca that very soon there
was nothing to be seen of the latter. For
six weeks the poppies bordered the walk
with a blaze of color, until one day late in
July a heavy rainstorm left them sprawling
hopelessly across the path. I reluctantly
set about pulling them up by the roots when
a happy surprise greeted me—there, under
the poppy foliage, were the patient portulaca
seedlings, of rather anemic complexion,
to be sure, but struggling to bloom. I was

Christmas blooms in twenty-one days. Paper White

Narcissus grown in water

careful not to disturb them as I took the pop-
pies away, and in two weeks they were as
thick a mat of wholesome green as if they
had never been robbed of a day’s sunshine.
By the middle of August they were in full
bloom and the garden path had its border of
color again until frost. Since poppies self-
sow as readily as portulaca we are in hopes
that this succession of bloom will repeat it-
self next year; for in this way we are saved
not only the trouble of spring sowing but the
risk of. midsummer transplanting to replace
the poppies when their season is over.

MEMS NT SUS ha eae

After the poppies ceased flowering they were pulled up, and sclf-sown portulaca from the previous year
quickly grew up and made a gay succession

All the Hollies Worth Growing—By Wilhelm Miller,

New
Jersey

HOW TO GROW AMERICAN HOLLY OUTDOORS IN THE NORTH AND HAVE ITS RED BERRIES WARMING

OUR HOME GROUNDS ALL WINTER—THE BEST SPECIES

[Eprror’s Note—This is the thirteenth of those “Little Monographs,” discovering the comparative merits and limitations of the different species.
graph” that has hitherto been the fashion is unreadable and useless, for no one can master a group in which the species are alphabetically arranged.
The important and difficult thing is to show which species are the best, and why.]

pedantry is cheap and easy.

AP HERE can be no question as to what
is the best red-berried shrub in the
world. The English or European holly,
has held first place in the hearts of mankind
for untold centuries because its red
berries last all winter and are set off by dark
lustrous evergreen foliage. Moreover, it
has a deep religious significance. The early
Christians made wreaths of it, to symbolize
the crown of thorns. At first it was called
“‘Christ-thorn,” then “‘ Holy-tree,” and finally
“holly.” It therefore suggests the inner
meaning of the most important of all holidays.

But, alas! English holly will not survive
our Northern winters. Our Southern friends
may enjoy it every day of the year, and,
if you live near the Atlantic coast, you can
get a few sprigs of it at Christmas time.

Beautiful as it is, our American holly is
not quite equal to the European species.
The English holly has a richer, darker, and
more lustrous leaf; with more life in it—
more suggestion of immortality, of indomit-
able courage. Its berries, also, are a trifle
larger and richer. American holly has a
duller leaf (whence the name opaca), but its
berries are more abundant, and less hidden
under the foliage.

We ought to thank our stars that we have
any holly at all, for the climate of the United
States, north of Richmond and St. Louis, is
hostile to ‘‘broad-leaved evergreens,” i. e.
holly, laurel, etc., as opposed to pines and
other narrow-leaved conifers. Yet I was

never more surprised than when I learned
that holly—real holly, with red berries on it—
actually grows wild to-day as far north as

A fair sample of ordinary well-berried holly. (lex
opaca). No special care in shipping

Maine. The reason why everybody uncon-
sciously assumes that holly is exclusively
Southern is that our Christmas supply comes
chiefly from southern Delaware and Mary-
land. But that is only because the holly-
pickers have exhausted the available supply
in the states to the north.

The important fact is that we can have
holly berries all winter in our home grounds,
as far north as New York, and _ possibly
even at Boston—but only on three conditions:

t. We must get both staminate and
pistillate plants.

2. We must remove all the leaves when
we plant them.

3. Wemust place them in partial shade
where they will be protected from north-
west winds and winter sunshine.

This is no idle theory. On May 4th,
1905, I had the pleasure of picking holly
berries off some cultivated holly trees be-
longing to Mr. James Wood, of Mount Kisco,
N. Y., and I give my word of honor that the
berries were as bright and plump as any one
could wish. They had remained scarlet
six months!

Unfortunately no way is known by which
any nurseryman can tell whether a given
tree is staminate or pistillate until it flowers,
by which time it is too large to be sold cheaply
and transplanted easily. The common way
is to buy half a dozen trees, hoping that one
of them will be staminate and the rest pis-
tillate. Buy proved trees if you can, even
if it costs more, and put your staminate tree
in an inconspicuous position, as it does not
make as symmetrical a specimen.

The reason why you have to strip off the
leaves is that transplanting is a much greater
shock to a broad-leaved evergreen than to
any other plant. If you let the leaves stay
on, the roots will not be able'to supply. sap as
fast as it is evaporated by wind and sun.

NALYSIS

The genus Ilex contains 175 species, of
which fourteen are worth growing. The
paragraphs in which these are described are
numbered to correspond with the ‘ Pur-
chaser’s Guide,” on page 233, and the follow-
ing analysis shows the main facts about them
at a glance.

Evergreen Species No.
Hardy, med=bemredy ca eevnle ey.
senders icc tice Pra vlan Say sumese oy, Uy Gon On \G/e
Hardy, black-berried, ..2.-. sada Why Til
Deciduous ~
Hardy, red-berricd, ... 2.0 Ss san. - 8, 9, 10, II.
Hardy, orange-scarlet, ........... Tlie

I. Red-berried Evergreens

The three species first described are the
only ones that can be properly called hollies,
234

FOR THE SOUTH AND CALIFORNIA ALSO

The pretentious “ Mono-
That sort of botanical

since they are the only ones with red berries
and spiny evergreen leaves.

THE THREE TRUE HOLLIES

t. English holly (lex Aquifoliwm). Only
two important characteristics have not been
given above. The leaf margins are usually
deeper cut than in the American holly, and the
spines a trifle longer. But the astonishing
thing is the number of cultivated varieties—
over 150 in Europe! Among these are
varieties with orange or yellow fruit, pendulous
or ascending branches, large or small leaves,
and spineless or spiny foliage, but many of
them are essentially variegated plants (the
leaves being margined, splotched, or mottled
with white or yellow), and these have little
or no fruit. It is to be hoped that some one
will make a good collection of these, growing
enough of them in pots to exhibit in the winter
at Washington, Baltimore, Cincinnati, or
wherever they would be appreciated.

2. Japanese holly (I. cornuta). The Far
East contributes two hardy evergreen red-
berried ilexes, but this is the only one with
spiny: leaves. It can be instantly told by
the three strong spines at the dilated apex
of the leaf. It often happens that the middle
spine turns down, and the two outer ones
turn up, like horns, whence the name
“‘cornuta”: In young specimens there are
two or more weaker spines at the base, but
these are lost as the shrub grows older. It
is believed to have darker and glossier leaves
than the American holly, and may prove hardy
in New York in shelter and partial shade.
It is not hardy at Boston. I do not know

An extraordinaril, well-berried sprig as shipped from
the South in small paper boxes

DECEMBER, 1906

any fruiting specimens in America. Herb-
arium specimens show berries a quarter of
an inch in diameter, and about three in a
cluster.

3. The foliage of the American holly
(I. opaca) is not as dark and glossy as that
of the two species just described, and the
berries are borne on this year’s wood—not
last year’s. ‘‘The fertile holly tree,” says
Miss Greenlee, ‘“‘is a sharply pointed cone
with branches drooping in graceful spray;
the sterile tree spreads almost horizontal
branches out stiffly into a broad, formal,
rounded cone.” It attains an extreme height
of fifty feet in the South. ‘The tallest trees
that I know of in the North are the ones at
Mount Kisco, N. Y. They are about ten
feet high.

FOUR SPINELESS TENDER EVERGREENS

The next four, though red-berried and
evergreen, can hardly be called hollies, since
their leaves are not spiny.

4. The broad-leaved ilex (J. latifolia)
probably has the largest red berries of
all (4 to % of an inch in diameter, and three
to seven in a cluster). It also has the largest
leaves (2x6 in.) and ought therefore to be
tried from Georgia south, where it may prove
to be one of the most imposing broad-leaved
evergreens. ‘This tender Japanese tree might
better have been called ‘‘longifolia.” The
only specimen I have seen has light green
foliage.

5. The Californians have no native holly.
Their ‘‘Christmas berry” is a native shrub
of the rose family, Photinia arbutifolia also
known as toyon or tollon. The berries are
only } in. in diameter, but the clusters often
contain 100 berries, and are probably the
largest of any red-fruited plant. When these
are set off in winter by the shining, serrate
leaves, the toyon is, according to Prof.
Sargent, ‘‘perhaps more beautiful than any
other North American tree.” It grows wild

Pp nna _ - = ~ ise | :

The inKberry (Ilex glabra), slow-growing, hardy ever-
green native shrub with black berries

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

as far north as Mendocino county, especially
on the northern slopes of dry hills, and it
withstands ocean gales. It blossoms from
June to August, and has small, whitish flowers
in panicles four to six inches across. The
berries are mealy, astringent, acid; ripen in
November and stay on till late winter; and
are more or less hidden by the foliage. The
tree sometimes attains thirty feet. It ought
to be commonly cultivated in California
and the South, but is practically unknown,
though it rarely appears in catalogues as
Heteromeles or Crategus arbutifolia. Photinia
fruits have one or two seeds. Ilex berries
have four stones. Photinia flowers have
five petals, Ilex usually four. The hardiest
Photinia is the deciduous P. villosa, which
does well at Boston.

6. Thecassena berry, known to everyone
from Virginia south, is Ilex vomitoria.
Miss Rogers, in the “Tree Book,” tells us
that the Indians made their nauseating ‘black

_
|

The large-leaved winterberry (Jlex monticola) has the
largest berries (% inch). American mountain species

drink” by boiling the leaves. The whole tribe
drank it persistently for several days every year
in the belief that the whole system was cleansed
by the process. Another name for it is
yaupon. These berries ripen in late autumn
and sometimes stay on until the spring
growth begins. Last March I saw young
bushes choking the woodside ditches in
South Carolina, and also a grand specimen
at Magnolia Gardens loaded with thousands
of berries.

7. Unfortunately, the plant to which
Linneus gave the name Jlex Cassine is not
the cassena, but the dahoon. The berries
of the dahoon are duller, but are rather more
conspicuous because borne on this year’s
wood. The leaf of the dahoon is only one
or two inches long, and has crenate margins;
the cassena leaf is twice as long and usually
entire. Both are shrubs, rarely trees twenty-
five feet high, with berries } in. in diameter,
that are used in the South for Christmas
decoration. They are so common that few
people cultivate them and no nurseryman cat-

EET

The black alder (Ilex verticillata) the common red
winter berry of swamps. Leafless in winter

alogues them. The cassena is the commoner,
and is never found far away from salt water.
‘The dahoon is never common on the seacoast,
but is found on the borders of cold swamps
in rich, damp soil. Near the Gulf it grows
on the high, sandy banks of pine barren
streams.

Il. The Red-berried Deciduous
Species

The deciduous species are less beautiful
in winter because they have no foliage then,
but they are easy to transplant, and will
thrive in the open sunshine in ordinary soils,
even when natives of wet woods.

8. It is a pity that the botanies give the.
name ‘‘mountain holly” to Nemopanthes
fascicularis, because Ilex monticola means
that. The name ‘‘Nemopanthes” refers
to the stalks of the berries, which are much
longer.than those of any holly (1 inch long).
The berries are dull, light red, { in. long,
borne singly, ripen in August and drop about
the middle of September.

Tamsorry to have misled some writers by
saying, in the ‘‘Cyclopedia of American
Horticulture,” that the berries are pendulous.
They are erect. J must confess that I have
never seen this plant. It grows in sphagnum
bogs in the Appalachian mountains, from
Maine to Virginia. It is said to thrive in
cultivation, attaining a height of ten feet.
I propose that we call it the ‘“long-stalked
winterberry.”’

g. The large-leaved winterberry (Jlex
monticola) has the largest berries and largest
leaves of all the deciduous species worth
growing. ‘The berries are half an inch in
diameter, but not abundant, and they drop
after Christmas. This is our mountain-
loving Ilex. In the Catskills it is a tall shrub;
in North Carolina a tree forty feet high. The
leaves are often five or six inches long. ‘“‘It
is too shaggy to give general satisfaction,”
says Mr. J. Woodward Manning.

The Japanese Jlex serrata.

to. The black alder (J. verticillata) is
the common red-berried shrub that you can
find in Eastern swamps in winter. Why it
should be called black alder, I can’t imagine.
The leaves look something like an alder’s,
and remain green in autumn until successive
frosts make them turn black, and wither.
The berries are bright red, about { of an inch
across, and in winter seem to be more or
less whorled (whence ‘‘verticillata’’), but
they are really borne singly in the axils
of the leaves. They last until February.
The black alder is a spreading shrub, five
or six feet high.

tr. There is no inducement to grow the
Japanese lex serrata, as both I. verticillata
and J. /evigata are better. At least two
varieties of it have been introduced under
the name of Ilex Sieboldit.

III. The Scarlet-Orange Group

Orange, and yellow colored berries will
never be as popular in winter as red ones, but

One of two varieties introduced as I, Sieboldit

the berries are often dull under artificial light.
The next two have just enough orange in
them to make them show well by gaslight
when cut for decoration.

12. Ipropose the name “ Piedmont winter-
berry”? for Jlex decidua as neither ‘swamp
winterberry” nor ‘‘short-pedicelled winter-
berry” distinguish it from the black alder,
with which its red-berried form is often con-
fused. It isa smaller shrub, blooming a month
earlier, and the tip of the leaf is rounded,
not pointed. Both species bear most of their
fruits on short spurs, while in the next
species, they are axillary. The fruits of
the Piedmont winterberry often fall by mid-
winter, but sometimes stay until spring.

13. The smooth winterberry (Ilex levi-
gata) is so called to distinguish it from
I. verticillata, the leaves of the former being
glabrous, while those of the latter are pubes-
cent beneath. For horticultural purposes,
however, it should be compared with J. de-
cidua because both have some orange in

The small leaved variety of Ilex crenata, possibly the best hardy broad-leaved evergreen

1906

DECEMBER,

their berries, and bloom at the same time.
All three are natives of swamps, but thrive
in garden soil. The smooth winterberry
has the largest berries of the three (4 in. in
diameter), and these are borne on longer
stalks (4 to 4 in.), but they drop in autumn,
or at least by January. The foliage turns
bright yellow in September.

IV. The Black-berried Group

Both of the following have black berries that
last until February, but they are only an
incidental beauty. Their evergreen foliage is
the main thing. Shelter them from winter
sun and wind.

14. The Japanese Ilex crenata is con-
sidered at Philadelphia the most promising
substitute for box as a hedge plant for
American formal gardens. ‘Three important
forms must be distinguished—the typical
I. crenata and its large, and small-leaved
varieties, (vars. macrophylla and microphylla).
Mr. William Warner Harper says: ‘‘The
small-leaved variety makes the bushier
growth and is much twiggier; the leaves are
lighter green, and more distinctly crenate,
and the berries are very few. The two large-
leaved forms make height much more rapidly,
and bear abundant crops of berries. The
smaller-leaved form is desirable for hedges
that are not to be more than four feet high,
but is better adapted for growing as a
specimen.”

The Boston experience is conflicting.
One nurseryman declares that the small-
leaved form is hardy at Portland, Me.,
while the broad-leaved is not hardy north of
New Haven, Conn. Yet the Arnold Arbor-
etum says: ‘‘The small-leaved form is much
less desirable. Neither is reliably hardy
near Boston. We should say that this species
is not good for hedges and gardens here.
The most reliable small-growing, broad-
leaved evergreen here is Andromeda flort-
bunda, one of the very best and apparently
least known shrubs.”

Ilex crenata will grow six or ten inches
a year, when established in congenial environ-
ment. For hedges, set two-year-old plants
two feet apart. The floral parts are in
fours; those of the next in fives to eights.

15. The inkberry (Ilex glabra), which
grows wild in sandy woods along the Atlantic
coast from Canada to Florida, is another
slow grower, rarely attaining three or four
feet. The leaves are locally gathered for
winter bouquets, and are sometimes kept in
cellars for months, but it seems a shame to
rob nature of slow growing evergreens. Some
one ought to test it as a hedge plant, and find
out its value as compared with J. crenata.
The berries are not showy, and are nearly
concealed by the foliage.

CULTURE OF EVERGREEN HOLLIES

English holly is hardy in sheltered spots
as far north as Philadelphia, but cannot be
expected to grow taller than a man. From
Virginia south it may attain its maximum
height—forty feet.

In New York it can be left outdoors in
partial shade and shelter, so that you may

DECEMBER, : 1906

The American holly (Ilex opaca) common in the
South but in the North thrives only in sheltered situa-
tions. The beautiful red berries hang on all winter

enjoy the berries outdoors until the holidays
are over. Then give it a straw overcoat.

In New England the English holly must
be stored over winter. A living room is too
hot; the berries will drop. If you have no
cool greenhouse, you can store them in an
unheated pit without even putting them in
tubs, and it is not even necessary to keep
the frost out. A pair of hollies near the front-
door is the ideal thing for summer decoration.
Bay trees are nowhere.

I have never seen a holly hedge, but in
Europe the English holly is considered a
distinguished hedge plant. It can be clipped
and pruned into any shape, and as the berries
are not borne on the new wood, they are not
cut off by the annual trimming, which may
happen with American holly. Its drawback
is its slow growth. Also, a little thrush
eats the berries. The “Ilex” hedges of Italian
gardens are made of holm oak (Quercus Ilex),
which has holly-like evergreen foliage.

The English hollies in tubs, that look so
attractive in florists’ windows in early
December, are very likely to lose their
leaves and berries in a few days, when sub-
jected to the hot, dry atmosphere of a living-
room. If you cai.not resist buying one, put
it in a cool, damp building until a few days
before Christmas. After Christmas cut
back all the branches nearly to the stem, cut
off all the leaves, and bury the tree in the open
ground, or in a damp cellar. Next spring
plant it out in partial shade, and thereafter
treat as advised for New England.

Some enterprising Southerner could prob-
ably get $5.00 each for wild hollies in tubs,
if he would dig up berry-bearing plants in
spring, prune and strip them, pot and grow
them for a year or two.

Southerners who transplant hollies from
the wild to their home grounds usually fail.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Keep the roots damp every minute they are
out of the ground, prune and strip as directed,
and you will succeed. It is safer (and some-
times cheaper) to buy nursery-grown plants.
In the South holly often grows wild and fruits
freely in dry, barren, gravelly soil and full sun,
but it reaches its greatest height (fifty feet)
in the river bottoms of southern Arkansas
and eastern Texas. Give it rich soil and
partial shade, if you can.

The best time to transplant evergreen hollies,
North or South, is in early spring, just before
the plants start into new growth. The other
time is in early fall, when the young wood is
almost ripe. Their roots are thick and fleshy.

It takes two years for Ilex seeds to germinate
They are therefore ‘‘stratified.”” The ever-
green species can be propagated under glass
by cuttings of ripened wood.

An English holly 34 to 4 feet high costs about
$1.50, and American holly the same height,
$1.00. The deciduous species cost 50 cents
to 75 cents. It is not safe to eat the berries.
They are purgative and emetic.

Holly flowers are minute, fragrant, and
beloved of bees.

A new way of shipping fancy holly so as to preserve
all the berries

237

PLANTERS’ GUIDE TO HOLLIES
(The species have been already described in this order)
A. The red and orange-berried group
B. Color scarlet
C. Foliage evergreen: lvs. thick
D. Leaf margins spiny
E. Berries on last year’s wood:
Ivs. dark and glossy
F. A tender tree. ENGLISH
Hotty I. I. Aquifolium
FF. A hardy shrub. JAPANESE
Hotty 2. I. cornuta
EE. Berries on this year’s wood:
Ivs. lighter and duller.
AMERICAN HOLLY 3. I. opaca

DD. Leaf margins not spiny:
plants tender
E. Berries 4 to 2 in. in diam.
BROAD-LEAVED 11Ex 4. I. latifolia
EE. Berries 4} in. in diam.
F. Clusters 75-100 fruited.
CHRISTMAS BERRY 5. Photinia ar-
butifolia
FF. Clusters few fruited
G. Berries on this year’s
wood, dull red. panoon 6. I. Cassine

GG. Berries on last year’s
wood, bright, scarlet.
CASSENA, YAUPON 7. I. vomitoria”
CC. Foliage deciduous: lvs. thin.
D. Fruits long stalked
LONG-STALKED WINTER-
berry 8. Nemopanthes
fascicularis
DD. Fruits short stalked
E. Berries $ in. in diameter.
LARGE-LEAVED WINTER-
BERRY Q. I. monticola

EE. Berries } in. in diam. or less
F. Lys. turn black after frost:
petals 5-6. Brack atper 10, I. verticillata

FF. Lys. not turning black
after frost: petals 4-5....11. I. serrata

BB. Color orange or scarlet-orange:
foliage deciduous
C. Berries mostly on_ short
SPUTS ore meee 12. I, decidua
CC. Berries in axils of lvs.
SMOOTH WINTERBERRY 13. I. levigata

AA. The black-berried group: fo-
liage evergreen
IBY) Blorall parts in)4?s)s-.-.4.-- + 14. I. crenata

BB. Floral parts in 5’s to 8’s.....15. I. glabra

The large leaved variety of Ilex crenata, considered better than box by some

A Place Planted for Winter Comfort—By Homer Hodgkins,

100x150 LOT CONTAINING THE BEST RED-BERRIED AND RED-BARKED SHRUBS, BRIGHT

-PLANTING PLAN FOR: A

New
York

EVERGREENS, A WINTER PLAY-GROUND FOR CHILDREN AND INTERESTING THINGS FOR THE REST OF THE YEAR

(pee flood of magazine articles on
“spring gardens,” gardens for Sep-
“tember effect, etc., may be entertaining
‘enough for millionaires who have three or
“four residences, but, ignoble as the confession
emay be, I never expect to own more than
one house, and I fear I shall have to live in
it the year round! The plain truth is I
can’t afford a bigger lot than 100 x 150 feet
and even if I could I wouldn’t have it be-
cause I don’t want to keep a man, and my
own patience gives out after doing a certain
number of chores. An hour a day in the
garden is delightful. After that—it’s too
much like work.

Now, the one great criticism about Amer-
ican home grounds is that they are neither
comfortable nor beautiful in winter. Every-
body takes it for granted that it must be so,
but I am perfectly sure that every yard
50 x1o0o or larger can be made attractive
365 days in the year and particularly that
it can be filled with suggestions of warmth
and cheer all winter. The way I propose
to get all this is by having:

1. A windbreak to keep my house warm
and save coal.

2. An outdoor playground for my children
in winter.

3. Some lovely specimen trees of light-
colored cheery evergreens, instead of the
dark, depressing kinds you see everywhere.

4. Red-berried shrubs whose berries. will
last all winter or at least till long after
Christmas.

5. Red-barked shrubs whose twigs will
make a cheery contrast with the snow.

6. Deciduous trees and shrubs that have
special winter attractions, but will give us
flowers all the rest of the year.

7. A snug little greenhouse (costing say
$1,000), where we can snap our fingers at
sleet storms and grow our favorite flowers
in the teeth of winter.

HOW TO ATTAIN THEM

Now there are only two ways of getting
all these good things. The first is to know it
all yourself—which is clearly impossible, for
no power under heaven could persuade me
to lumber up my brain with all the stuff
those botanical waterspouts have to know.
The second way is to catch a young land-
scape gardener who has the training and
the ideas, and is mighty glad to keep the pot
boiling while he waits for the world’s fairs,
national capitals, parks, and great estates
to materialize.

So I caught one—a young lady—and laid
down the law like this:

I want the rooms we use most to have the
sun all day long and the views from those
rooms have got to be attractive 365 days
in the year.

Idlike a genuine little landscape picture—
one that will satisfy all the canons of your art.

I won’t have a single bedding plant or
any other costly, temporary things on the
place. Everything must be hardy and
reasonably long-lived.

I must have a vegetable garden large
enough to raise our favorite vegetables.

I want the whole thing cheaper than any-
one ever had it before.

Pee eter re eerie {
BO

4 {
6 oN

( (ee ae

)
s

3

?

IOSD ASR Gaps ep aRsaeNaat

a y OI} Ort eae wee
gi ES
g x |

{A
ae, ~

The plants for the 100x150 ft. garden will cost about $350.

SS
a Peas ao \ e

This was ‘‘piling it on” with a vengeance
and I expected my young friend to beat a
graceful retreat. But she was “game.”

“Its a mighty stiff proposition,” she said.
“The firm I studied with would demand a
$1,000 retainer at once. But Ill give you
everything you want, and I won’t have to vio-
late my ideals either!”

SO SOT
cee at
f pF aL a
5 XK “< 18
y ~ r =
Vegetable Garden : a a
A)

a
oe
=

pe Pao SS
7 of Pererniads /
NX

I / $ |
Playground i Ig a
| “t Sun { |
ge LQ \
3

N

\
i _

lee

Deciduous trees are indicated by the plain

circle; evergreens by the decorated circle; an irregular waved line marks shrubbery overhanging lawn; the
dot and dash sinuous line marks the edge of a cultivated bed. For the meanings of the numbers and letters
see the planting list opposite. “‘View lines” from the windows indicate the garden pictures

238

|
|

DECEMBER, 1906

A day passed, and there was a hurried
knocking at my office door.

“Do you mind my facing your house any
way I like, and rearranging all your rooms?”
it’s convenient and looks

““No—not if
all right.”

“Any objection to privacy, or must your
front yard be open and park-like?”

IE st 38;

GARDEN

SHRUBS FOR BORDERS AND LAWN BEDS

she exclaimed.

MAGAZINE

“T’m old-fashioned enough to be fond of
privacy.”

A week passed and I thought my young
friend had fallen by the wayside.
came in, rosy and enthusiastic.

“Rye scot itl
given you everything you asked for!’

She had—and more too, but I didn’t

Then she

rs pe live

| NO. OF { ESTI- FRUIT
STANDARD OR TRADE | HEIGHT | _
COMMON NAME is | WINTER COLOR }PLANTS| MATED PERSISTS
| NAME (FEET) | ; ee
i NEEDED| COST UNTIL
1. Cockspur thorn........... | Crategus Crus-galli.....| 15 to 25 | Fruits red..... 4 $ 3.00 | All winter
2. lel socsccessansccseesene | USO Genes cass ueeod | 20 to 45 | Evergreen, red |
I), suberniessy--y-1: 7 3-50 | All winter
3- Japanese barberry........-. | Berberis Thunbergit..... | 2to4 Fr. red... 18 6.30 | All winter
Prem SHEEP-DELLYrersinci-- </-)---1-/- © | Viburnum Lentago...... 30, | :‘Er. bluish- inal 7 2.45 | All winter
5- Arrow-wood .............-. | Viburnum dentatum..... 15 | Fr. bluish-black] 6 3.00 | January
6. Oregon grape............. | Berberis Aquifolium..... | 3to6 | Fr. blue....... 3.00 | December
7. Evergreen thorn........... | Pyracantha coccinea..... | | Fr. bright red} 15 15.00 | February
(Crategus Pyracantha) :
8. European spindle tree......| Euonymus Europeus... | 20 | Fr. orange..... 4 1.40 | January
g- Common barberry.......-- | Berberts vulgaris........| 4to8 | Fr. scarlet..... 5 1.75 | All winter
io. Siberian red-osier dogwood..| Cornus alba............| 6 to 10 | Red branches,
\eetrespeatlyaeee | amet 67/54 seiseeetcn
11. White rod.. .| Viburnum cassinoides ...| 2to6 | Fr. dark blue. . 4 2.00 | January
12 Ceptesciene. Viburnum Opulus....--- | 6 to 12 | Fr. crimson.... 7 3-50 | All winter
13. Staghorn somegh. sacassons- | Rhus typhina..........- J | Fr. darkred....] 5 1.75 | All winter
14. Cork-barked spindle tree ..| Euonymus alatus........ 5 to 8 Fr.crimson....| 11 | 6.75 | January
ng. Gavin. sosespeeoseceeees Eleagnus longipes ...--- AatOnOns\shreiscatlet jel |S) 2:50 | September
16. Red-osier dogwood......... Cornus stolonifera.......| 6to8 ! Red branches
; | | Hie Biren terme 4 DSS) || sooow acco
HIGPESTIONDEML Yeo a2 seis oe : | Sym phoricar pos |
Eracemosuse ene n| 2) toon | Breawhite- ss 5 2.00 | All winter
48. Kinnikinnik...............| Cornus Amomum....... | 3 to 10) Purple branches 4 | 2.00 | November
19. Smooth sumach............| Rhus glabra............| Io to 15 | Fr. crimson... . 4 | 1.40 | All winter
20. Black chokeberry..........| Sorbus melanocarpa.....) 3to 5 | Fr. black...... 3 3-00 | All winter
21. Washington thorn.......... | Crategus cordata ......-. 30 | Fr. coral red... 5 10.00 | March
muegBlacksalden--........ +--+. | Hex verticillata.......... 6to8 | Fr.brightred..| 5 2.50 | March
Paehlowermpycrabs...--.--.-. | Pyrus floribunda........) 10 to 15 | Fr. orange-red.| 5 | 3.75 | January
24. Morrow’s bush honeysuckle | Lonicera Morrow: ......| 6 | Fr. bloodred..-| 4 | 3.00 | November
PreesipenanicraDe..----------| Pyrus baccata........... Io to 15 | Fr. crimson... . 3 | 1.05 | December
26. Chinese spindle tree........ Euonymus Bungeanus... Tigi eee OKanpe cece 2 1.00 | February
PPM ALYBLELNS het) toe ¢ || seis since eke wee ele es UNO\Ezt | a eo aera 20 AR ool tReet ae
28. Hardy hydrangea..........| Hydrangea paniculata, |
| var. grandiflora....... 6 \ segeeeteaeeants I BC Ou sae cece:
29. Rugosa rose...............| Rosarugosa, vars. alba
| BRS 7OI@oocncacsnacs 6 | Black branches 12 6.00 | January
30. False bitter sweet..........| Celastrus scandens ...... 6to 20 | Fr.or.-yellow ..| 3 1.50 | March
le BLOSipLapeens =. 2 66st. Vitis vulpina{V.riparia)| 30 Fr. bluish-black 2 .70 | October
32. Variegated Japanese grape.-| Ampelopsis heterophylla |
| var. elegans (A. tricolor) 10 | Fr. light blue .. 3 1.05 | January
23. UIC 550 22 pepe Gee eanos | Syringa vulgaris ....... 6to12 | Brownbranches} 3 Noe) '|| Isaoscoec0e
EVERGREENS AND SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL TREES
ae STANDARD AND TRADE | HEIGHT WINTER N.@2)| 250 SIZE iat
COMMON NAME ce | Gass) Sate PLANTS | MATED | PLANTING
| NEEDED| COST |HGT. IN FT.
JX. \WIERS (DINE soooncs see eseoac|| JS WU Soeecesons | 100 Evergreen ..... 5 $ 5-00 | 24 to 3
B. Nordmann’s fir ........... Abies Nordmanniana .... 100 Evergreen ..... 6 12.00 2
Cz WINKS SVRMES cocsessosssne|| Je Ayoccanoseddos a5) |(s)iKo) mifo) || ID aiguactan pono 4 6.00 2 to 3
D. Austrian pine.............| Pinus Se iy
aca (P. Austriaca ).....|75 to 100] Evergreen...... I 2.00 2
E. Cottonwood...............|] Populus deltoides (P. mon- | Yellowish green
ADE hagocos ane dear | 60 to 150 branches .... 7 7.00 8 to 10
F. Silver maple...............| Acer saccharinum (A. |
dasycarpum)........... 120 Line effect..... [sr 1.00 | Io to 12
GC, Hin GAR sse5e8 seas eeneeaeS Quercus palustris ....... 80 to 130] Line effect... . He i 1.00 6
H. Oriental plane. ............| Platanus orientalis ...... 80 Mottled bark .. I 1.25 8
Il. [Real Gil oosdscsgeneosesses|| QS Midas cossneede 80to150 | Line effect.....| 2 2.00 | 6to8
ee Miountianyasht =.= 2-2 = -- Sorbus Americana....... 50 Ie elecooaeeall 1.00 | 6to8
Kee ellowswillowsece ee oa) Salicnoitellana 2.52 24 25- 80to80 | Yellowbranches| 1 S75 |) ZONG
ee Wihitesbirchiyssa-ee ee 2a: IGG GUNG soscascecasns 80 White bark, I Te 25) 6 to 8
| brown twigs.
M. Hemlock.. -.....-| Tsuga Canadensis.......| 70to 100} Evergreen ..... 7 7.00 | 2 to 24
N. Feathery wasnigpora sosaozes Chamecyparts pisifera
var. plumosa ......... 3 to 8 Evergreen...... 2 3-50 | 13 to 2
Do WINES titrosccoscoasadessaco|| INAS GAAGIUP pacucaedss 100 to 150] Evergreen..... 3 9-00 | 2
P. Siberian arborvite ........ Thuya occidentalis, var. | |
Wareana (var. Sibirica) 30 Evergreen..... 7 7-00 I to 2
Hedge. Chinese arborvite..... Thuya orientalis (Biota |
Ongenialis) eee eee 4 Evergreen..... 125 125.00} 2 to 24

239

realize it at first (I defy any human intel-
lect to grasp a plan at once). So I faltered
out, “‘Why doesn’t my house- front the
street ?”’

‘‘Because you can’t get the sunlight all day
in the rooms you use most unless you let
them face south and southwesterly. Those
rooms, of course, are your living rooms,
library and conservatory—for you ought to
give your plants a fair show, too.”

“Certainly!” I admitted. “But have I
got the nerve to turn my back on my neigh-
bors—or rather ‘sidestep’ that way?”

“They'll never see your house or you
theirs. You'll be in a little world of your
own. That hemlock hedge screens you
entirely.”

I looked dubiously at the irregular row of
M’s in the plan, each surrounded by a broken
circle with prickers on it. That sort of
conventionalized gooseberry, it seems, al-
ways indicates an evergreen tree.

“But evergreens take forty years to grow,
don’t they? I'll be dead then, you know?”

‘Oh, that’s easy. Do you see those E’s
in front of the M’s. Those are Carolina
poplars which will screen your place faster
than anything on earth and by the time your
hemlocks are tall enough to hide things both
summer and winter, the poplars will be hope-
lessly commonplace, and you'll cut them
down.”

I nodded approvingly and thought, “That
girl’s no doll!”

““What’s a service yard?” I inquired.

“That’s where your grocer comes and the
iceman, and where you keep your ash can,
garbage pail and everything unsightly.
That’s hidden, too.”

‘““What are all those clothes lines stringing
across my yard?” {I inquired.

“Those are view-lines,” replied the Par-
agon, quite unruffled. ‘For instance, the
longest view you have is from the living room
to the corner of the lot. The reason why
that willow is at K, is that you can enjoy
it there, whereas, if it were five feet over it
would stop your view.”

Even I could see that, although I’m a sort
of standard of stupidity when art talk is in
the air.

‘‘What’s all this business we’ve got to look
at from the dining room window,” I asked.

“Why, I thought you’d like a little pergola,
so I’ve put half a dozen vines on it that will
give you flowers nearly all the season, in-
stead of two weeks of fire-alarm, and seven
months of bugs and shabbiness, as Crimson
Rambler would.”

“Bless her soul,” I thought. ‘“That’s
the woman of it.” I didn’t give in then,
for I had always poked fun at the pergola
fad and I had rather counted on showing
the world that there was one safe and sane
man left. I weakened later, though. And
now I’m glad I gave in.

“What about this playground?” I
demanded.
“That’s all protected from the winds by

the tall evergreen hedge,’’ she explained,
“except that on the lawn side I’ve used an
extra border of rugosa roses, to give bright-
ness from the windows. There will be big

A striking contrast. In the winter aspect of the ink berry (on the left) is actual revelry and enjoyment of the cold. The plants stand erect, and the foliage looks
alive. How different it is with the Spanish bayonet, whose long, cold gray-green leaves, borne down and bent by snow and ice, seem to shiver and shrink

red fruits here until Christmas. The
children can play outdoors practically every
day all winter without danger of being
chilled by steady, biting winds, and from
the library their mother can keep her eye
on them all the time.”

“H’m. I really believe Mrs. Hodgkins
will approve of that,” I said.

“Tf you want to do the handsome thing,”
suggested the young lady, “‘you might let
me make a grass plot of the left half of the
playground, lower the other part and cement
it so that the children won’t get damp feet.
That would be an ‘extra’ for me and I’d
have a chance to get even with you!”

“We'll see about that. Meanwhile, what
use have I got for a stable?”

“Oh, you’ll want one some day, and I’ve
placed it for you so you won’t need to buy a
new lot or have it next to your dining room.
You can’t see it from the drive because of
that curve made by the poplars at ‘E.? The
roof will be visible, but you’ll own a horse
or a car some day and you'll want an attrac-

tive addition to your group of home buildings
instead of an eyesore.”

“May be,?aIuy said... i: mi elad al esdongt
have to pay for it now. But how about all
these red-berried shrubs and winter attrac-
tions. Aren’t you rather overdoing it? I
don’t want to have an outdoor museum.”

“That’s just it,’’ she exclaimed with some
warmth. ‘I wouldn’t let you have it, if
you gave me a thousand dollars! That’s
where landscape art comes in and that’s
just where the enthusiastic beginner who has
a good idea let’s it run away with him. I’ve
put in enough other trees and shrubs that
are attractive in spring and summer to tone
down the winter effect.”

“One thing I forgot,”’ I added with some
humility. ‘“‘Mrs. Hodgkins will certainly
want some old-fashioned flowers.”

“T’ve provided for such a_ possibility,”
exclaimed this enterprising young woman.
“T’ve left room for a border of perennials to
the right of the sundial and in front of some
shrubbery so that the flowers will show

off against a good background. That isn’t
in the bill.”

‘“‘Well, let me have a week to think it over,”
I said, and the young lady departed.

My wife and I struggled hard to pick flaws
in that plan and we did make a few trifling
changes, as a matter of principle.

I never dreamed that gardening is so
expensive. Grading and fencing cost me a
pretty penny. The plants cost about $350.

One day I met one of the “big men” in
landscape gardening at our club. He re-
marked that it was impossible for a woman
to be a good landscape gardener. So I
handed out my plans, told him I’d paid
this young lady $150, and asked how badly
I had been bitten.

“You got a good job mighty cheap!” he
exclaimed. ‘‘I wouldn’t undertake a plan
to harmonize all those original features in
such small space for less than $500.

I may not know the best way of employing
a landscape gardener, but f believe I got every-
thing I wanted remarkably cheap.

An Outdoor Winter Garden—By Leonard Barron, ¥s%

REVERIES OF A FIREWORSHIPPER AND BOOKLOVER WHO HAS NO CARES FOR GREENHOUSE WINTER FLOWERS—THE
PLANTS THAT REFLECT THE SENTIMENTS OF THE SEASON, AND GIVE PLEASURE WITHOUT WORK OUTDOORS

S FOR ME,” said Sydney Smith, in
reply to some one who prated weakly
about the joys of country living, ‘‘give
me bad weather, a grate fire, and good
company.”

My sentiments exactly! The inside is
much more to my fancy than the outdoors
during the winter months. I can the most
thoroughly enjoy the winter landscape, more
especially when it is covered with snow, when
I view it through a generous expanse of
flawless plate glass window. 1 like it as a pic-
ture, as something which emphasizes my
actual comfort by the law of contrast; and the
colder it is outside, the more happy do I feel
inside. I would have my garden fitted to this
mood. “Plant it out with evergreens, giving

it some semblance of shelter?” ‘Oh dear
no.”’ True, I would shield my house, but for
the garden itself I would emphasize the
wintry aspect, especially where I may re-
gard it occasionally as I sit before my fire-
place and when interest in my book flags.
My ideal entrance drive is very different.
Along it I would plant liberally of those
dignified broad-leaved evergreens that do
not look shiveringly cold in the winter. I
would have banks and great masses of bright
red-berried shrubs. Barberries, dogwoods,
and viburnums would abound. I like color,
especially in the winter time. Therefore the
red-barked dogwood should have no little
place with me. And I would deliberately
plant many of these winterly-interesting
240

plants, for their own sakes simply, without
the slightest regard for what they were or
whence they came.

TYPES OF WINTER EFFECTS

The types of winter expression among
plants I have roughly divided into these:

One: The red-berried and red-barked
shrubs that brighten the landscape if used
in sufficient quantities. Two: Broad ever-
green foliage, like the rhododendron and
leucothoé, self-contained, majestic, enduring.
Three: The conifers; gaunt and sombre ever-
greens, whose only use is to keep off the worst
of the cold winds and furnish a background
for the cheerier conifers. Four: Plants that
very plainly show the effects of cold, such as

DECEMBER, 1906

the Spanish bayonet, which not only looks
perfectly miserable in the embrace of ice and
snow, but whose entire color is cold. The
bare whip-like branches of the common
broom—the result of centuries of exposure
on windswept hills—make it a fitting com-
panion. Five: The real winter gems, which
by their color effects, harmonize with and
form real miniature pictures on the snowy
background. Among these, and the best
examples, are the striped Pennsylvania
maple and the white birch.

HOW TO AVOID MONOTONY

There is altogether too much sameness
in our home grounds in winter. No one
plants with an eye to winter beauty. The
crude utilitarian rarely goes beyond planting
a heavy screen of evergreens, to cut off the
coldest winds. Sometimes, a little thought
is given to the massing of shrubs which by
reason of their red or yellow berries, carried
well into the middle of winter or the beginning
of the new year, have a beauty all their own.
But I would ask your attention to quite an-
other effect. The relations of light and
shade, of mass and of line. What more
beautiful than the elegance of the white
birch scene as here pictured against a snow-
covered slope? The white of the bark,
barred irregularly with dashes and patches
of black, is in the strictest harmony
with the black and white touches pro-
duced by the irregularities of the snow-
fall on the surrounding ground. One can
hardly appreciate the garden qualities of the
white birch in the summer time. ‘Then,
when its graceful foliage half obscures the
satiny white bark, it is useful in the garden
as a lightening object; whereas, looked at
now, it appears to be a very part and parcel
of nature’s whole scheme, relieving the
dreariness of too much flat land, while at
the same time carrying all the dignity of a
living tree. The white birch stands alone
in this quality of snow harmony. There is
no other white barked tree that is a worthy
competitor.

A NOVEL IDEA: ‘‘ WINTER BEDDING PLANTS”’

In evergreen planting we seem to have
forgotten the great possibilities that are
offered by what may be called ‘‘ winter bed-
ding.” ‘Thousands of dollars are expended
every year by the well-to-do in planting out
coleus, geraniums, and other more or less
tender bedding plants for summer brilliancy.
The various bulbs are relied upon to enliven
the spring landscape, and are removed in
due season to make room for the bedders.
These fall before the onslaught of the early
frosts; the beds are cleared, and the whole
garden is usually put into a state of primness
and uncomfortable tidiness, coupled with
bareness, until the springtime awakens the
tulips once more. This can be avoided
and a most interesting and normal feature
added to our gardens, if the hardier ever-
greens are grown in pots, and planted in the
beds for winter ornament. These dwarf
evergreens may be retained in their pots,
which during the summer time should be
plunged in ashes or other cool material

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

that is kept properly moistened. This treat-
ment of the beds need not interfere with the
use of the spring bulbs, as the winter bedding
plants may be planted behind the space
devoted to the flowers.

SHIVERY EMPHASIS OF COLD

Green foliage amid the snow may be ex-
pressive of two different sentiments. On
the one hand, the defiance of winter and its
withering cold, on the other, an actual inter-
pretation of the untoward conditions. Com-
pare the illustrations at the top of the pre-
ceding page. Does not the ink-berry stand
out valiantly against the landscape, the very
spirit of defiance, while the yucca, in the right
hand picture, expresses the very opposite ?
There is a lesson to be derived from this for
the home gardener. Do not plant large
quantities of the yucca close to the approach

241

to the house, or at all events where they will
be conspicuously in view.

As a group to be viewed through the
window from the cozy surroundings of a
well-furnished and comfortably heated lib-
rary, they would have a justifiable place.
There is a good deal of satisfaction to be
derived from a proper emphasis of the differ-
ence between indoors and outdoors, provided
the observer is enjoying the luxuries. Very
few plants lend themselves to this use, be-
cause those that really look uncomfortable
are generally so in fact, and rarely can with-
stand the trials of the season.

DEFIANT EVERGREENS

The most defiant plant among the broad-
leaved evergreens is unquestionably the
rhododendron. It grows so freely, it makes
such a dense mass, and positively enjoys its

SLED DD bone

The best tree for the winter effect of its bark.

carrying out the same scheme of decoration—black patches on white.
mens or in loosely arranged groups, where it can be seen easily.

Note how it harmonizes with the snowy background,

Shauld be planted as isolated speci-«
The white birch (Befula alba)

Along the approach to the house use freely rhodo-
dendrons edged by Leucothoe Catesbaet. These always
looK happy even in the midst of winter

own companionship to such a degree that the
more of the plants you put together, the better
they all do. Failures with rhododendrons—
assuming of course, that the proper soil con-
ditions of abundant drainage and absence of
lime are provided—are always met where
isolated plants have been set out, and they
have dwindled for want of companionship.
If you plant the rhododendron, by all means
use the leucothoé in the foreground, to make
the connection with the ground, leaving no
bare stems to give a semblance of discomfort
and openness. This handsome Southerner
will carry itself sturdily in our Northern
winters, and without the slightest appearance
of ever “feeling cold.” I should plant it
freely about the approach to the house and
around the plantations near the home lawn.

Of the taller evergreens much has been
said in the GARDEN MAGaziINE for August,
1905, and August, 1906.

The hemlock is undoubtedly the best all-
round conifer for general planting, whether
for individual specimens or as a hedge. It
grows more easily in a greater variety of
soils than any other coniferous evergreen,

Showing how the conifers furnish a garden and Keep
up a cosy appearance all winter

The bark of the Pennsylvania maple (white stria-
tions on green). The tree’s striped character is seen
to best advantage in winter

and it withstands clipping to a surprising
degree. For a tall hedge, where it is not
meant to be sheared into formal shape, the
arborvite will answer perfectly, but it will
never attain the same height as the hemlock.

ROSES FOR WINTER

Roses there are without which a winter
garden must not be. The common rugosa
is sufficiently praised as a_ winter-berried
plant; everybody knows it as such, because
its hips are so large and last so long. Very
few people plant the multiflora rose for its
berries. It is unfortunate that they really
do not last all winter, but in the early weeks,
their light scarlet color, hardly bigger than
holly berries, makes the plant well worth
using, and even after the berries drop and
the foliage has gone, a mass of this rose will
always animate the shrubbery because its
bark retains a lively light emerald green
color. I don’t want black and gray-barked
shrubs. ‘That is one reason why the bar-
berries are not so attractive to me as some
other shrubs. The bright green of the multi-
flora rose and of the ubiquitous Kerria
pleases me greatly. On account of its winter
qualities I can tolerate the profusion of its
glaring yellow flowers to an almost over-
powering proportion in the early summer.

ARE VARIEGATIONS WANTED ?

Variegated effects in winter are not gener-
ally desirable. Or rather, I should say, they
are not generally available. Moreover the
very effect of the masses of shrubbery or
bare growths of wood against the snow is the
acme of variegation. I do not know of a
more interesting tree for its winter aspect
than the striped, or Pennsylvania maple.
It is an ideal lawn plant in every way. The
striped white and green bark is always
curious and attractive. This is one of the
few trees that I would have close to my win-
dow, or near a front door, because its beauty
must be seen at short range for the keenest
enjoyment.

242

The Cranberry-bush (Viburnum Opulus) in its winter
garb. Red berries all through February! Perhaps the
most variously useful of all shrubs.

There is one variegated foliage plant that
is really happy amid the snow. The varie-
gated form of the trailing euonymous never
shrivels, and cut sprays in the middle of
winter seem to be as full of life as on the
Fourth of July. It is an ideal edging plant,
and will ramble freely over stones and rocks.
It will climb a wall, and clothe it with a foliage
curtain that is expressive of 1.eatness, and is
admirabiy suited for the smallest garden. I
used to have an edging of this to the narrow
flower bed which bordered the front of my
house, and extended from it over a space of
about two feet. Why should I plant the
Madame Salleroi geranium for its white and
green variegation when I have this other,
hardy, and with evergreen foliage? It gives
the same color effect, with infinitely less
trouble—and, moreover, it gives me a fur-
nished garden in winter. Nothing that I
know unites so amiably the snow-covered
lawn and the snow-bedecked dwarf ever-
green shrubs that occupy the rest of the bed
all winter. In between these I planted my

bulbs, and at odd intervals were various
herbaceous plants that flower perennially.

|
FE
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Is not this expressive of sweeping winds? The leaf-
less common broom the product of ages of exposure

Red Berries that Last Two Years—By Thomas McAdam, %%,

THE ASTONISHING STORY OF A LITTLE EVERGREEN SHRUB —A NEW AND SINGU-
LARLY INGENIOUS WAY OF MAKING SOMEONE SUPREMELY HAPPY AT CHRISTMAS

oe PPE as it may seem, the
red holly-like berries of the charming
Ardisia actually remain attractive for two
whole years and more! “If you look closely
at them you can tell which are the two-
year-old berries. They are the lower ones
and they are just a trifle darker than the
year-old berries, which occupy the upper
half of the plant.

As the public demand a ‘‘common”’ name
for everything worth having, this plant might
be christened the ‘Japanese Christmas
berry,” but the florists know it only as
Ardisia crenulata. The name of ‘“‘spear-
flower” sometimes given it does not appear
appropriate. It is incomparably the best
red-berried house-plant for Christmas gifts
and has the extraordinary merit of remaining
in attractive condition for five to eight years,
if properly cared for.

The whole bearing of the Ardisia is singu-
larly Japanese, as if this gifted people had
impressed upon it some of their best natural
traits. In fact, it almost seems an outgrowth
of Japanese art, rather than a product of
Nature—not the picturesque or grotesque
Japanese art, but that small formal handi-
work, quiet, rich and elegant—which bears
mute interest to the competent, self-contained
character of the Japanese. One sees all
this in the dark, lustrous, shapely evergreen
leaves that last three years; in the soft,
mellow glow of the ardent but enduring
berries; and in the dignified port of this
compact, symmetrical, little shrub.

Like everything of surpassing merit the
Ardisia has its limitations. It always will
be costly, for it takes two years to raise it
from seed to the berried condition; and a
really first-class specimen eighteen inches
high and bearing hundreds of berries often
represents five years’ growth, and ought really
to be worth $5.00 or more. No wonder the
demand exceeds the supply, for the ordinary
florist sees little inducement to give his
precious glass-house space and good coal
heat for two years to a plant that will bring
him no more at Christmas than a poinsettia
started in May.

Like many other choice shrubs the Ar-
disia is at its best when only two feet high.
After that it tends to lose the lower leaves
and get “‘leggy.”” When that happens there
is a notable remedy which never fails to
arouse enthusiasm. You can make a deep,
slanting cut in the stem just below the foliage,
and cover it with moss which you must tie
tightly and keep wet all the time. In about
a month the moss will be so full of roots that
you can cut off the old bare stem and pot the
newly rooted plant, thus retaining all the
beauty of a splendid old specimen while
furnishing it with foliage right down to the
pot. You need not lose a single berry and
the plant has been known to produce a crop
of its dainty, rose-red, fragrant blossoms

during the change from one root system to
another. The same thing can be done with
rubber plants. Not one amateur in a hun-
dred, however, will succeed with this process,
but a florist will do it for you. It is the only
way to restore to their original beauty
certain Christmas and birthday gifts which
often have priceless associations to their
owners who would gladly pay anything in
reason.

Does not this suggest a new way to make
somebody very happy this Christmas? Don’t
you know some dear old lady who treasures
with pathetic devotion, for sentiment’s sake,
an uncomfortably large and awkward rubber
plant? Borrow it for a month on the plea
that you know a florist that can help it

The best small red-berried house vlant for Christmas decoration.

without hurting it and give her a surprise
during the holidays. The best plan is
to do this after the holidays and restore it
at Easter, but if you act before November
20th you may be able to restore it on Christ-
mas day! —

Somebody ought to make a life hobby
of the Ardisia and put the finishing touches
upon its perfection. We need a fast-growing
variety that will branch from below instead
of only at the top; will be less likely to drop
leaves or berries when exposed to sudden
drouth in the dwelling house and _ will
be uniformly covered with berries — that
will stand out against the glossy dark leaves
and never be partially obscured by them.
Variations in these directions may be ob-

243,

served in every large batch of seedlings.
And when the new variety is secured, it will
doubtless have to be propagated by cuttings,
because the seeds will give too much variation.
Plants raised from cuttings make more
shapely specimens because they are shorter
and a foot or rarely eighteen inches wide,
while those from seeds are usually only
eight inches across. It is harder and costlier -
to raise them from cuttings, which are best
made from half-ripened wood in spring.

If you give a friend an Ardisia this Christ-
mas tell her she can keep it five years (eight
years if she has a little greenhouse) and that
it need never be without berries for a day
if she will follow these directions faithfully.
Keep it in a cool room in partial shade and

Ardisia crenulata

give it a night temperature of 45° to 50°.
Wash the stems and leaves once a fortnight
with strong tobacco water to prevent the
large brown scale from coming. In summer,
put it outdoors under a tree, and syringe it
daily. Don’t give mice a chance to eat the
berries. Follow the general directions given
in the following article.

An amusing fact about the Ardisia is
that every berry is worth a cent. The seeds
cost a dollar a hundred wholesale. Con-
sequently a cluster two and a half inches
across containing twenty-five berries is
actually worth a quarter! No wonder the
florist makes practically nothing out of a
plant we buy for $2.50.

Although the Ardisia is decorative every

244

day of the year, it is pleasant to know that
its berries are reddest at Christmas time
and the leaves are also darker and _glossier
then, so that our Japanese friend actually
enters into the gala spirit of our holidays.

I am indebted to Mr. W. A. Manda for
pointing out the peculiar merits of the Ar-
disia.

Some Other Red-berried Plants

for Christmas
P. T. Barnes, New York

The costliest and the best of the red-berried
plants is English holly (see page 234). Next
comes the Ardisia, above described. ‘The
cheapest is the Jerusalem cherry (Sol-
anum Pseudo-capsicum), which makes a
compact plant usually about nine inches to
a foot high, covered with red berries, each
one-half to three-quarters of an inch in
diameter. The berries are green at first and
change to scarlet. These little plants are
usually grown from seeds which are sown in

oe

Grow
both staminate and pistillate plants and shake the
pollen over the latter or you will not get fruits

Fruiting form of Aucuba Japonica (not hardy).

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

February or March indoors, and grown
during the summer in the open ground.
They are lifted and potted in August and
then grown in a cool house, lest they color
too soon. A good specimen costs about
seventy-five cents.

If you get a Jerusalem cherry this Christ-
mas, you can keep it several years by with-
holding enough water after the holidays to
rest it, but next spring you must cut it back
to mere stubs, to prevent it from getting
straggly, and the best place to start new
growth is a hotbed. You can get a lot of
these cherries without expense by making
cuttings in February or March. ‘The best
plants, though, are raised from seeds every
year, and you may pinch back the shoots in
order to get more compact specimens.

GAY LITTLE PEPPERS

Of late the florists have been growing some
of the small red peppers in pots for Christmas.
The varieties usually grown (Celestial and
Kaleidoscope) bear a profusion of small

fruits an inch to an inch and a half
long. ‘They change from green to cream
color, then yellow, and finally bright red,
making a happy combination with the
lively green leaves. After they have. lost
their beauty throw them away, for it is
no use to carry them over to another
year as they are easily grown from seed,
but if you take good care of them, the
berries will last until February.

An interesting pepper is the Tabasco
from which the famous
name is made. It grows about three
feet high. There is also a form of this
called Coral Gem, that grows only about
one foot high, and makes a handsome
pot plant. The fruits of both are ex-
ceedingly hot.

ASPARAGUS IN BASKETS

Asparagus Sprengeri is one of the
very best plants for hanging pot or
baskets.

It has woody stems two feet or more
long which bear many small flat “leaves”
which are usually yellowish-green. As it
weakens the plant to produce seeds it is
seldom allowed to fruit, but a well-fruited
specimen is certainly a beautiful sight.
I know one florist who had a pair of

1906

DECEMBER,

sauce of that.

|
I
t
wie

The cheapest Christmas berry—Jerusalem cherry.
Will drop its leaves in one night if coal gas is present

plants, each of which was about one and
one-half to two feet in diameter, which he
sold for $25.00 apiece.

TWO BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS

Skimmia Japonica is a_ broad-leaved
evergreen which is not hardy north of
Washington, D. C., but, although rather
a slow grower, it is one of the handsomest of
the red-berried plants which may be had for
Christmas decoration. If seeds are sown
in the fall and the young plants carried over
winter in a cool house, and planted out in
the garden in good soil, beautiful little
plants will be had for potting in October,
which will bear a good crop of berries that
will last on the plants all winter. These
berries are bright scarlet or coral red, slightly
angled and about one-quarter of an inch
across.

With the best of care and cultivation
these plants will probably never exceed a
height of two or three feet when grown in
pots. One drawback to their cultivation is
that only one kind of a flower is borne on
a plant so that if one wishes berries he must
see to it that he has both staminate and
pistillate flowers.

In addition to the winter decorative qual-
ities of this plant, it is a beautiful plant in
the spring, when in flower. It has many
small yellowish white flowers one-quarter
of an inch across, which are borne in the
axils of the leaves in clusters two inches in
diameter.

Another broad-leaved evergreen which
is not hardy here but can be successfully
grown in a cool room is Aucuba Japonica.
It is hardy in the South. It is a shrub four
to fifteen feet high with beautiful dark green
leaves. Like the Skimmia, the flowers are
not perfect so if fruit is wanted care must be
taken to grow both sexes and when in flower
shake the staminate ones over the pistillate
ones that they may be fertilized. To carry
this plant over winter keep it in a deep cold-
frame or cool room which do not freeze and
keep the soil somewhat dry.

DecEMBER, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 245

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How to Keep Plants Healthy in
the House

HERE is no more cheerful sight at
Christmas time than the red-berried
plants which one may see in the florists’ shops.
There is a warmth and glow about them
which put light into the short dark sombre
days of the holiday season. One strong point
in favor of these is the length of time which
they will remain decorative, provided the
plants are given good care. They will last
all winter and at least one of them for a year.
In order to have the berries hang on these
plants for weeks after taken home, put the
plants in a position where they can receive
the light, and if possible a little sunshine,
each day. Nothing will kill plants so surely as
putting them away in some dark corner where
they “look pretty” but where no sunlight ever
comes. Too warma room will make them lose
their leaves, but this may be counteracted toa
great extent if there is always sufficient
moisture in the air. Your house will be a
healthier place for your family and your plants
if you follow these directions. In properly con-
structed hot-air furnaces there is between the
fire-pot and outside jacket a receptacle which
will hold twelve to fifteen quarts of water. All
one needs to do is to fill this each morning
when caring for the furnace. If the furnace
does not have this arrangement keep a vessel
of water in the room or put a small dish
in the register, and see that there is always
some water in it. If the house is heated
by stoves there is always a place where a
small dish of water may be put. In fact
many of those made to-day have on the top
an urn for this purpose which is coated inside
with porcelain. If the house is heated by
radiators that are connected with steam or
hot-water boilers, place a dish of water on
the radiator or have a flat can that may be
hung between it and the wall.

The greatest enemy of plants, when kept
in houses heated by hot air furnaces or coal
stoves, is coal gas. If there is the slightest
trace of it in the air such plants as the
Jerusalem cherry or the ornamental peppers
will drop their leaves in a single night.

Illuminating gas is also very injurious to
plants. The effect of even a very slight trace in
the atmosphere is to retard the development
of the younger leaves of most plants. The
plants do not die, but simply ‘“‘stand still,’
and so eventually become stunted. In the
case of flowering plants the effect is that the
buds may just show color and then wither.
The guess is usually made that they have
been exposed toa chill. Plants with thicker-

——————EE—

DeEcEMBER, 1906

WILLIAM P. BROOKS, Ph. D.

Professor of Agriculture

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Home Study Educates

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Professor of Horticuiture

Our courses in Agriculture are taught by Prof. Brooks of the Massachusetts Agricultural College: Horticulture, Botany, Floriculture
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of agriculture in so thorough a manner and
with such exactness of statement as this
series. Fk. B. Mtmrorp, Director,
Missouri College of Agricuiture.

Three volumes on the general subject of
agriculture, written by Prof. William P.
Brooks and published by the Home Cor-
respondence School of Springfield, Mass.,
constitute one of the best foundations upon
which to build an agricultural education
which it would be possible to find.

Suburban Life, July, 1905.

Business Course, also special courses in Shorthand and Typewriting, Penmanship, Letter-writing and Commercial Law.
hundreds of commercial students and graduates who are holding good positions and who attribute their success in a large measure to

our instruction and help.

JAMES B. PAIGE, D.V.S.

Professor of Veterinary Science

and related branches by correspondence. Our Agricultural text-
books have been adopted as regular text-books for class-room work
by over three-fourths of the State Colleges of Agriculture. We have
helped hundreds of practical farmers to reduce the drudgery, to in-
crease the profits and to add to the enjoyments of farm life. We
have helped hundreds of men and women to change from other less
congenial and less healthful occupations and to make a real success
of some branch of farming or gardening. We have assisted others
in preparing for responsible positions as farm managers, or as gar-
deners on private estates. Others have taken our courses in order
to intelligently direct their own farming and gardening and the beau-
tifying of their home grounds as well as to increase their capacity for
the enjoyment of country life. There is money and pleasure too in
farming and gardening, in the growing of fruit or of flowers for those
who understand the wavs how and the veasons why of Modern
Agriculture.

Commercial Courses
Our Commercial courses are in charge of J. Frank Drake, B.A.,
M.C.Sc., a graduate of Dartmouth College and of the Amos Tuck
School of Administration and Finance. We offer a Complete

Normal and Common School Courses

The principal of our Normal and Common School Department is
A. H. Campbell, M. A., Ph. D., formerly principal of The State Normal Schools
of Vermont and New Hampshire. The courses include Normal and Review
instruction in the common branches, also special courses in Kindergarten,
Pedagogy, Science and Art of Teaching, etc. Graded courses in the common
branches are offered for the benefit of those who have never enjoyed good
common school advantagcs.

The Home Correspondence School is the leading institution offering instruction by corre-
spondence. Our courses are as thorough and painstaking as fully qualified instructors can make
them. Ourfaculty is composed of strong college men who are very much interested in correspon-
dence teaching and who are in full sympathy with the homestudent. Our tuition rates have been
reduced to the lowest point of economy consistent with efficient service. If you cannot conven-
iently leave home or your present employment to attend the regular sessions of a resident school,
if your local school advantages are not satisfactory, if you are past the school age, if you wish to
take up a special course to assist you in attaining some special object, remember that HOYLE
STUDY EDUCATES. In choosing a correspondence school choose the best. Poor instruc-
tion is dearatany price. Itis not worth your while to study under obscure instructors when you
can just as well study under the personal instruction and guidance of able college professors who
are known the world over and whose personal certificates carry all the weight of residence school
diplomas.

A copy of our general catalogue explaining our courses in detail will be mailed free to all who
ask for it. Write to-day. The information which this catalogue contains is worth having.

The Home Correspondence School
Dept. 8. Springfield, Mass.

Appreciation

I wish to express my cordial approval of
your educational work.
James WI son,
Secretary of Agriculture.

I am interested in your home study
courses in agriculture and have great faith
in their usefulness and value. I hope you
may be successful in establishing them
everywhere. N. J. BacHELDER,

Master National Grange.

I have never lost a chance to recommend
The Home Correspondence School.
WILHELM MILLER,
Editor GARDEN MaGazInNe.

If the farmers of the country would take
advantage of your home study courses
there would be many agreeable changes in
farm life. W.A. DouGHERTY,

airy Agent, Missouri Pacific Ry.

We urge our readers to become acquainted
with the courses in agriculture and related
branches offered by The Home Corre-
spondence School. This school is worth
while. The men back of it are thoroughly
responsible and interested in doing con-
scientious, efficient work. A.W. Futton,

ln New England Homestead.

HERBERT W. CONN, Ph. D.

Professor of Agricultural Bacteriology

We have

248

GMs ENR ID WIN WAG A ZION

What’s the USE of
a Hot-Air Pump?

In a Country Residence, its use means
all the advantages of water supply, which
are such an agreeable accompaniment of city
life, z. ¢., running water in every room, the
daily bath, the resulting health and cleanli-
ness, which always follow the free use of pure
water-—and water is only freely used when’

| easily and cheaply brought to hand.

Ina City Residence, many dwellers upon
high ground, as well as those occupying the
upper floors of apartment houses, suffer fre-
quently (especially in dry seasons) from an
inadequate flow of city water. This comes
from lack of pressure in the city mains, and |
is entirely remedied by the use of a Hot-Air
Pump, which supplies the force temporarily
or permanently lacking,

In Case of Fire, its abundant water sup-
ply becomes at once invaluable; especially is
this true of country or suburban residences,
which are in most cases isolated or entirely

§ without the protection of an organized fire
department. In such instances the posses-
sion of a Hot-Air Pump gives to the owner a |
constant assurance of security from fire.

In the Stable, an abundance of water
means healthy animals. Every watchful far-
mer or superintendent knows that, when wat-
er must be carried toa horse or cow by hand,
the tendency always is to scant the supply.
In the matter of watering stock alone, the
time of one man in carrying water about the
barn or stable soon pays the entire cost of a
Hot-Air Pump, and this pump will put run-
ning water in any volume in front of every
animal in your stable every day in the year.

For Irrigation, the same pump which
supplies water for your house and stable will
also furnish it in any quantity desired for your
lawn and garden, and no argument is requir-
ed to show what an adequate water supply
means in the way of early vegetables or at-
tractive flower beds. cs

A Hot-Air Pump can now be bought as low as $108.
Descriptive catalogue U_ sent free on application.

Rider-Ericsson
Engine Co.

35 Warren Street, New York
239 Franklin Street, Boston

i 40 Dearborn Street, Chicago
40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia
234 Craig Street West, Montreal, P. Q.
22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S. W.
Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba

The Hot-Air Pump.

skinned leaves (such as the rubber) are not
so easily affected as geraniums, primroses
and begonias.

New York. P. T. BARNES.

A Home-made Japanese Garden

DECELE buy miniature Japanese gar-
dens from the florists and pay enor-
mous prices for them, but it is much cheaper,
also far more amusing, to turn landscape
gardener on a small scale, and make them
yourself. For friends that love their gar-
dens, but live in town in the winter, these
small affairs make most acceptable Christ-:
mas presents. I had noticed one of pro-
hibitive price in a shop just before the holi-
days last year and went home to ponder over
the fact that it was merely a very charming
arrangement of moss, white sand, and an
evergreen seedling or two in a dull gray
wooden box. I decided to try my hand.
The grocer provided the box (a square one
is best), which was sawed down so that it
was only two and one-half inches deep, and
prepared as you would an ordinary flat. A
dull oak stain, and a few Japanese letters
burnt in on the sides, soon transformed what
had once held somebody’s superior cocoa
into a thing of rare antiquity; and when
filled with sand and rich earth to the depth
of two inches, the box was ready for planting.

i

Made from seedling spruces, orchids and moss gath-
ered from the woods

The woods of our own land will afford |
plenty of available subjects for home-made |
Japanese gardens. Take the one illustrated |
for instance. The seedlings of spruce were
found during the summer in Canada, also one
of the smaller members of the orchid family,
the rattlesnake plantain (Goodyera repens).
But very attractive evergreen seedlings may
be found anywhere in the woods near New
York.

Perhaps the most fascinating part cf
miniature garden making is the search for
the suitable pieces of moss, and the divers
forms and colors in these delicate little
ground plants are in themselves a delightful
study. The best kinds for the purpose are
to be found at the base of old stone walls, and
a beautiful collection of hills and dales, rocks
and beetling crags, may be carved out with
the aid of a kitchen knife.

This scenery must be carefully arranged

1906

Special Xmas Offering

Mexican and Indian Handicraft

We are the world’s largest retailers of genuine
Mexican and Indian Handicraft. We buy direct
from native workers and sell direct to you, savin
\, half regular retail prices. We warrantall we se
“Nand guarantee satisfaction—money back if de-
f 4 sired. Read carefully these special offerings.

ifm.
be 50c Handsome Drawnwork $I .00
é Q a
A>.

DECEMBER,

\4 Handkerchiefs
SN These beautiful handkerchiefs are genuine hand
«4 drawnwork on fine linen lawn. Full zz in. square,
as illustrated, assorted designs. Retail regularly
“sat soc each; our special Xmas offer, the 4
‘ handkerchiefs sent prepaid for only $1.co. Top
“handkerchief in illustration sent alone for 40C;
=f other 3, 30c each.

Mexican | Centerpiece 50 c

Ss
S Drawnwork

..; Warranted genuine Mexican hand-made on
===" Dure linen that will wear and wash well; importe
ed direct from our best Mexican workersin Mexico. 3-rows
fine drawn work, hemstitched, ro inches square, full $1.00
value, sent prepaid tor only so cents. Same thing in
larger sizes at these special prices: 16 in., $1.15; 20 in,
$1.85; 24 in., $2.00; 33 in., $3.00. Linen Doilies 40
match, 2 rows of work, 6 in. 20c; 8 in. 30c. Tray
cloths to match, 12 x 18 ins. $1.10; 16 x 32 ins. $2.35;
20X 45 ins. $3.50. Special prices on sets:
24 in. Center and 6,6-in. doilies for only $3.00;
33 in. Center and 6, 8in. doilies only $4.50-

yas Hand-flade
ues

; = Indian Basket l5c

Hand woven by Indians from palm
fibre; 5 inches high, durable. useful, orna-
mental. Sold everywhere for soc. Our 8
special price prepaid for 1sc. Two different design
for 25¢; 5 for soc.

$18.00 Pueblo Indian Rug

for $10.00 with zuni Basket FREE

SPALL
VAS .

Z
i
(ff
ie

if

Tar

Hand woven
from pure hand-
spun wool by
Indian weavers;
fast colors in rich red, black &
and white. Fineclose weave;
last ageneration. Warranted
absolutely genuine. Size §
30x 6o inches, worth $18.00, §
delivered prepaid by express #
$10.00, Any size, color or de-
sign Woven to order. s

solid silver Swastika

. 50c
Free Premiums Stick | vin, hand-made,
2)
Handicraft sent free with orders, or alone 4 cents.

wastika Cross (good

luck) design. free, with orders of $2.50 or more. One 5 inch

Indian basket (shown above) free with order« for $1.00 e=
Our beautiful 80 p. Art Catalogue of Mexican and Indian
Orders filled same day received—no delay. Order to-day— may

satisfaction guaranteed. af eyes

The Francis E. Lester Co., Dept. J 12, Mesilla Park, N. Mex.

"Largest Retailers Genuine Indian & Mexican Handicraft in the World’

Competent Gardeners

The comforts and products of a country home are increased by
employing a competent gardener ; if you want to engage one write
to us. Please give particulars regarding place and say whether
married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for
years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER
HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt
Street, New York City.

The Agricultural Experts Association

GEORGE T. POWELL, President
120 Broadway N. Y.

DEVELOPMENT of Country Places; Examinations made of

- Land with full reports and Suggestions for Improvement;
Advice on General Management; Policies Outlined; Location of
Buildings; Landscape Work; Orchard Development; Care of
Forest Land and Live Stock. Correspondence invited.

The “Apollo” Sweeper

is the ideal machine for sweeping Lawns, Porches,
Sidewalks, Pavements, Barn Floors, Factories, Ware-
houses, etc. Write for illustrated Booklet.

THE GREEN MBFG. Co.
54 SYCAMORE ST. SPRINGFIELD, OHIO

Z Kaln aucdand pulverized eal weeds or bad
lear odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden,
WAGON LOADS lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants.

$ 4 00 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order.
e Delivered to your Freight Station.

Apply now.
The Pulverized Manure Co., 19Union Stock Yards, Chicago.

BS)
STABLE

oe

| DECEMBER, 1906

z + a The Gorden Magazin}

GRAPES FOR EVERY

GARDEN

Grapes are the most tractable of all fruits. There is no
plant for the home garden that is so utterly indifferent to its
position. Grape vines will accommodate themselves to the
most difficult situations. They take up little room and are ex-
ceedingly ornamental in many ways, as arbors, on trellises, or
for covering unsightly walls and fences. They take up prac-
tically no room yet their yield is most abundant, providing de-
licious fruit for weeks when there are few other fresh fruits to
be had, and that with slight cost.

We will send you ten large grape vines of the best varieties
including Delaware, Niagara, Concord, etc., in three red, three
white and four black varieties, for $1.00, delivered free. These
are vines of the highest quality, just what we have been supply-
ing the large commercial grape grower who of course demands
the best for quality and yield. We have been growing grape
vines for forty years.

Send for the above collection to plant out this fall. Let us
send you our illustrated descriptive Hand Book which will tell
you how to plant, cultivate and train them.

T.S. HUBBARD COMPANY

Grape Vine Specialists, FREDONIA, N. Y.

A PIANO

ATA

NOMINAL PRICE.

Chicago’s largest music house, Lyon & Healy,
announces a Clearing Sale of Pianos. Several
hundred splendid instruments are offered without
reserve until all are sold. In this stock are a
number of Steinway and Weber Pianos, and new
and second-hand pianos, including instruments
of the following well-known makes: Sterling,
Huntington, Vose, Knabe, Washburn, Fischer,
Kimball, Chickering, etc., etc. In upright
pianos, neat instruments at $100, $120, $140,$150,
$165, $190, $200 and upwards. This is an oppor-
tunity that will not occur again. Any piano not
proving entirely satisfactory may be returned at
their expense. Address Lyon & Healy, 49
Adams Street, Chicago. Distance is no obstacle,
for in proportion to the saving to be made the
freight charges are insignificant. Any banker
will assure you of the entire responsibility of
Lyon & Healy, and their record of 41 years for
honorable dealing. Write today so as to avoid
disappointment.

This Seat 8 to I2 feet long, also made to fit
any radius.

GARDEN SEATS and RUSTIC FURNITURE

Send for Catalogue

NORTH SHORE FERNERIES,

Beverley, Mass.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

hs

———

ay

——-

=

\

y

th
i) /
i) Wy /

a

aise on {i il |
pense ni),

Food will cause him to develop perfectly and give

Dorothy Ashley

Nursed at
the Breast

TWINS

Look at this picture carefully ; it is an unusually

interesting one. When born these twins weighed him a strong, robust, well-nourished body.
Dorothy, the
one to the left, was nursed, while Donald was put
on Mellin’s Food. The above picture was taken

when the twins were seven and a half months old

within half a pound of each other.

We Mellin’s Food and
milk is better than mother’s milk, but we do claim,

do not claim that

The above picture was taken

emphatically, that, if an artificial food must be used,
Mellin’s Food is the best artificial food in the world
for babies.

and speaks for itself.

This ought to convince you of the great merits
of Mellin’s Food.
if you must raise your baby on the bottle, Mellin’s

If you will send us your name and address,
It ought to prove to you that,

we will gladly send you a sample Bottle of Mellin’s

Food to try.

Mellin’s Food Company, Boston, Mass.

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured!
to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

It takes over twenty years

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an

immediate effect. Spring Price List Now Ready.
CHESTNUT HILL,

ANDORRA NURSERIES bPrivaverpiia, pa.

WM. WARNER HARPER, PROPRIETOR

250 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1906

' PRUNING SHEARS

That gives you an idea of the strength and quality of the pruner. Wiss Pruning Shears
will outlast a dozen ordinary ones. They will cut tissue paper. That shows how
nicely they. are adjusted. i
Nurserymen and growers of fine trees use them in preference to all other shears—they
will cut clean the thickest twigs or the most delicate tendrils without tearing: a
Wi ill 1! f f charge any shears returned defective or unsatisfactory. parts are inter-
Gh eeper pete are (as the blade) Becomes worn, it can be replaced, thus making the shears as good as
new at a slight cost. ; : ;
Made in three sizes—9-inch, $2.25; 10-inch, $2.50 No. 3B (73-inch) for light pruning, $1.75
Extra blades, 50 cents each. For sale by all dealers.

J. WISS & SONS CO., 15-33 Littleton Avenue. Newark, N. J.

O plants are quite so fine for household decoration as Ferns. We have bought an im-
mense stock of the three best kinds — Boston or Sword Fern, the amateur’s favorite ,
Ostrich Plume. luxuriant in beauty and grace; and the new Nephrolepsis Piersonii

Elegantissima, most beautiful of all—which we will sell direct to subscribers for /loral Life
at wholesale prices—less than half ordinary retail figures. You may have one plant each of the

3 FERNS FOR 15 CENTS

if at the same time you send us ro cents for //ora/ Life four months on trial—25 cents in all.
We prepay postage and guarantee satisfaction. /~oral Life tells all about howto grow
flowers inthe home; when, how and what to plant, prune and water ; how to give winter
protection ; how to destroy insects; soil and fertilizers which give best results. This great
magazine is a complete and practical guide to home floriculture ; beautifully illustrated.

THE YOUNG & BENNETT COMPANY

Publishers
Box 225, Springfield, Ohio. ‘‘Where the Flowers Grow.”

OXGLOVES and old-fashioned gardens! The one sug-
gests the other. But aside from that subtle associa-
tion there is an individuality and charm about the

foxglove that attaches to no other of our hardy herbaceous
perennials. It is at home in shady nooks, among shrubbery,
or in the open border; massed or in single clumps, its grace-

ful yet substantial spikes of flowers, towering sometimes up
to six feet—in early summer give an unusually rich quality
to the smallest garden. When out of flower, the plant itself
is a rosette of handsome downy foliage. ;
For filling a narrow strip of bed near the house, or as ‘a
border, to give stately dignity to the walk down the garden ;
and again dispersed in irregular clumps in the shrubbery, we
know of no flower that wiil give greater satisfaction. The
wild plants are uniformly of a delicate pink color. We have
them, too, and also a rich collection of deep red, pure white,
and mauve, and lilac in many shades ; also beautifully spotted
and mottled flowers. We offer the following kinds:
Ambigua (brown) D. Stberica (cream)
Orientalis (yellow) D. Thapsi( purple)
Gloxinacflora (white to pink) D.Purpurea(CommonFoxglove)
All $1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100
T.et us send /ou our beautiful Fall Booklet, ‘“Old Fashioned
Flowers and the Newest Varieties.’’

J. B. KELLER SONS, Rochester, N.Y.

Specialists in Hardy Perennials

in the box, and requires much planning and
cutting down to bring out the right effect of
perspective and relative proportion. Then
insert in the moss the roots of the dwarf trees,
giving them plenty of room to spread out,
since they cannot grow down. Next, place
tiny ferns or small orchids (nurseymen haye
the Goodyera for sale) in the nooks and
crannies of miniature hills, and spread white
sand evenly over the paths and level places.
Finally, a gate made from a wooden cigar
box may be set in, while a flag of the Rising
Sun on a match stick will proclaim the whole
to be a garden of Japan.

And all that is needed is some moss, a few
seedlings, bird-sand, and a square box; and
after it is completed, if you will spray it well
once a day, your garden will flourish
till the trees eventually outgrow the neigh-
borhood.

New York. M. K. FaRRranp.

Tying up the Christmas Presents

NV EEX sending plants to your friends

be very careful how you pack them.
Plants like azaleas and Jerusalem cherries
should be first tied in. Put a string around
the outside of the plant and draw the branches
in toward the centre.

To wrap them, first cover the top of the
plant with tissue or oiled paper, which is held
in place by string or pins. Then lay the
plant down on a table and roll it up in a
single or double sheet of cotton batting. Out-
side of this comes the wrapping paper. Unless
the plant is going a very short distance and
the weather is very mild the wrapping should
consist of three to six thicknesses of news-
papers and an outside wrapping of clean
manila paper to give the package a neat
appearance. When doing up the plant
always include the pots in the wrappings.
Never have any strings passing over the top
of the package. The errand boy would be
lable to use it for carrying the bundle and
if he did the wrappings are more than liable
to come off and the plant will get frozen.
The only way to carry a plant is by the pot.

If you are sending cut flowers it is better
to use a wooden box. Line the inside of the
box with a half dozen thicknesses of news-
papers and arrange the sheets so that they will
overlap one another at the top when closing
the package. Inside the newspapers place
a sheet or two of cotton batting and then a
thickness of oiled paper. Have the box
small enough so that the flowers will have
to be crowded in, for loosely packed flowers
are much more easily damaged by hand-
ling than closely packed ones. With a
watering can or hand syringe give the con-
tents of the box a dash of water and close
up. I have packed flowers so closely that
it took considerable pressure to get the
cover down where it could be nailed, but
after three or four days’ knocking around by
neglect of the carrier to deliver them they
came out looking as fresh as could be. If
they had been loosely packed, they would
have been utterly spoiled.

In extremely cold weather I have found it
a good practice to put in the boxes with
the flowers tightly corked bottles of hot water.

New York. PHINEAS NOLTE.

1906

Dreer’s

GARDEN BOOK!

for 1907

A Complete Guide to Growing Flowers and Vegetables

will be mailed in January to all
customers for three years past.

It will contain four beautiful colored plates of flowers and vegetables,
| and 224 profusely illustrated pages besides covers in colors showing several
varieties of flowers which we are specializing.

The text matter will be made up into departments and there will be a
complete index, making it easy to find whatever is wanted.

Particularly interesting will be the department devoted to Hardy Peren-
nials, those old fashioned flowers we all love so well. Anticipating the grow-
ing demand for this class of plants, we now offer the largest collection and
finest varieties.

The Rose department will contain the cream of newest kinds of this beau-
tiful and fragrant flower.

Dreer’s Garden Book has always been the best and most complete
catalogue, but the 1907 edition will be even an improvement on previous issues.
Whatever is worth growing, Flowers and Vegetables, you will find in Dreer’s
Garden Book.

REMEMBER if you have been a customer within three years, the
book will be mailed to you when ready without your asking for it. But if
you are not a customer and want to post yourself on gardening topics write for
a copy and mention this magazine.

HENRY A. DREER,

Philadelphia, Pa.

THE. GARDEN

MAGAZINE 251

F1 ce
HOW TO GET STARTED

ETTING started is the whole difficulty after all—most everybody
Cc: actually wants a greenhouse or conservatory, but just how to
go about it, to find out what is best adapted to both the
needs and the pocketbook, is the trouble. You may want to avoid
going into it seriously at this very time, but would like to look forward
to having one in the spring—you desire some well digested, freely
illustrated little booklet on the question, telling how to go about it—
you want it to come from a firm who will not try to talk you into build-
ing a larger house than you can care for, and above all you must have
pleasant dealing. We can help you. Send 5 cents in stamps for
‘How to Get Started with a Greenhouse ”——it will give you the very
information needful, and when ready to go further, write

HITCHINGS AND COMPANY
Greenhouse Designers and Builders

Manufacturers of
Heating and Ventilating Apparatus
1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

1 co

GOODRICH

O BEGINNER, old or young, can fail to appreciate this book, for it really
gives a fundamental knowledge of how to conduct a farm with the least
expense and the largest return. There are sixty-three full pages of
helpful illustrations.
The price is extremely low for a work of such value:
10 cents additional if sent by mail.

CONTENTS

Part I.
CHAPTER

Seeds.
Seed Planting.
Spading and Plowing.
Harrowing and Rolling.
Leaves.
Stems.
Flowers.

The Ei irst Bok of F arming ae

$1.00 net, and

CHAPTER

. Introduction to Plants
Roots.
Soils
Relation of Soils to Water

. Forms of Soil Water
Loss of Soil Water.
Soil Temperature.
Plant Food in the Soil.

Fertile Soil.

Soil Water.
The After-Cultivation of Crops.

Farm Manures. 2
fe ‘s Farm Drainage.

©

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

Commercial Fertilizers.
“ce “ee
“ “

Rotation of Crops.

THE WORLD’S WORK
FARMING

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

“The 20th Century Limited”

Fastest Long Distance Train in the World
960 Miles in 18 Hours
Via

NEW YORK
(CENTRAL

*“‘America’s Greatest Railroad”

This Magnificent Train is equipped with Pullman cars of the
very latest design and has all the special features which have
made THE NEW YORK CENTRAL service so deservedly
popular. Barber, Baths (Fresh and with Sea Salt), Valet, Ladies’
Maid, Manicure, Stock and Market Reports, Telephone, Stenog-
rapher, etc.

A dozen other fast trains between

NEW YORK, BOSTON,
AND
BUFFALO, DETROIT, CLEVELAND, COLUMBUS,
CINCINNATI, INDIANAPOLIS, CHICAGO,
ST. LOUIS, the West and
Southwest.

C. F. DALY, Passenger Traffic Manager, New York.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Things that Symbolize Beauty
and Permanence

in the Garden

Y EARS of experience in working Marble, Granite,
Stone and Bronze have taught us how to obtain
the best results in the treatment of these materials.

We make Garden Furniture and Interior Deco-
rations, also Cemetery Memorials of high grade.

Notice this sketch of a Wall Fountain.

Would it not

make a delightful feature in your garden?

@. Tell us of your needs and we will be
pleased to submit sketches without charge

LELAND & HALL COMPANY

BOY le oii lp

GRANITE SHOPS
BARRE, VT.

TULIPS

Iris
Lilies
Hyacinths
Daffodils

VICK x
QUALITY
BULBS

Give Abundant Satisfaction
in the House or Garden

VICK’S GARDEN and FLORAL GUIDE \

for Autumn is a valuable aid to the modern intelligent
effort to

SURROUND THE HOME WITH BEAUTY AND COMFORT

Valuable Information.
It’s free ; ask for it.

Handsome Illustrations.
Interesting Descriptions.

JAMES VICK’S SONS,
362 Main St., East. © ROCHESTER, N. Y.

New York

LONG ISLAND CITY, N. Y.
PIETRASANTA, ITALY

Avenue,

STUDIOS |

‘AMan is known
me CANDY he sends

FOR
PURITY,
QUALITY e FLAVOR

Sold atour Stores by
Sales Agents Everywhere.

THERE CAN BE NO MORE WELCOME
GIFT FOR OlD and YOUNG.

Select Bulbs for

Note our new address,

5 UNION STREET,

W.W. RAWSON & CO.
5 UNION ST., BOSTON, MASS.

Gladiolus Cardinalis
The Orchid Gladioli

Can easily be forced in the house or if kept during the winter and planted in
the open in early spring will flower a full month ahead of the regular type.
For varieties and prices consult our Bulb Catalogue for 1906.

Mailed free upon application.

W.W. RAWSON & CO.

BOSTON, MASS.

DECEMBER. 1906

Rhubarb and Asparagus all Win-
ter ina Hotbed or Frame

HUBARB can be forced any time
after December 1st in a hotbed, or
frame heated by pipes, in a mushroom
house, root cellar, under greenhouse benches,
or in the cellar near the furnace, with but
little expense or trouble.

To get the best results, select good,
strong roots from three to four years old.
Dig the roots after a few hard frosts, place
them singly on top of the ground, and cover
lightly with soil, to protect them from the
air. Let them remain here for two or
three days, till they have been slightly
frozen, as they then force much better; then
take them into a cellar, temporarily, and
pack closely together, covering thoroughly
with good coarse litter, to keep them moist,
until needed.

IN THE CELLAR

When ready for forcing in the greenhouse,
or wherever it is decided to place them,
make a box two feet wide and twenty inches
deep, and as long as necessary to accomo-
date the plants. For drainage, put in a
layer of broken crocks or cinders one inch
deep, and over this a layer of coarse manure
or leaves, on which to set the roots. Plant
in good rich soil, covering the crowns or
tops from two to four inches deep. Firm
the soil well, give a thorough watering, to
settle the soil, and keep a uniform tempera-
ture of 50° to 55°. Judgment and care
must be used in after treatment. Avoid
watering overhead, but keep the soil moist.

IN HOT BEDS OR FRAMES

When planting in the hotbed a good
depth of manure is required—from eighteen
inches to two feet—and six inches of soil
over it to prevent the roots from burning.

In a frame heated by pipes similar treat-
ment to that in the greenhouse or cellar
may be given. When grown in this way
the sash should be shaded or covered with
some material to keep out the sunshine.

When the stalks have attained a height
of from ten to fifteen inches they are ready
for gathering. Care must be exercised in
doing this to grasp the plant well down into
the crown and give a sharp pull with the
hand, as they are so brittle they break very
easily. Rhubarb will be ready for use in
about four weeks from date of planting.
Forced this way, three roots at each succes-
sional planting, will supply a moderate sized
family until a crop can be procured out-

DecEMBER, 1906

eHOME

ES, READER, WE MEAN JUST EX-

ACTLY THAT.

roof tree.

It is for the Home Builders, Home Makers, and Home Lovers— the
only periodical of its kind published anywhere in the wide world.
We do not claim, mind you, that this is the only good magazine ; such
a claim would be not only false but foolish as well.
Because there are may publications of sterling worth which enjoy well

deserved popularity.

There are Women’s Magazines, the Young
People’s Magazines, Periodicals for Children,
Magazines for Men, and all sorts of Scientific,
Religious and Literary Publications.

—But, there is but ove high grade Magazine
edited and published exclusively in the interest
of the home.

We want to emphasize this statement with all
the power at our command, because it is a matter

of no little importance to YOU, and to Home lov-
ing people everywhere, to know that at a mere
trifling expense it is now possible to secure a pub-
lication of such thoroughly satisfying quality.

So, just say to yourself: “The HOME MAGA-
ZINE is @ifferent from all others. It is filled to.the
brim with optimism, helpfulness, inspiration and
good cheer. ° It is for ail the home folks. I want it
for my home. I am going to subscribe for it today.”

Then, DO IT, Sir or Madam! We say to you
in all sincerity that you will never regret the
day that you saw this offer—

—IF YOU TAKE ADVANTAGE OF IT.

HE HOME MAGAZINE isissued monthly.
Its scope is as wide and as varied as

the interests of the family, with pleasure
and value for men as well as for women.

Feature articles of peculiar charm and vitality
appear in each number.

The Master Writers of Fiction contribute
wonderfully fascinating stories of Love, Ro-
mance, Mystery, and Adventure.

The best artists illustrate them.

Among the famous ones whose work is to
be found in the HOME MAGAZINE are How-

ard Chandler Christy, Harrison Fisher, A. I.

Keller, John Cecil Clay, H. C. Wall, George

Brehm, and Worth Brehm.

These names carry their own guarantee
of highest artistic merit.

Men and women of approved ability
and experience are in charge of the de-

partments, which cover every interest that centers in THE HOME.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

253

The HOME MAGAZINE not only interests but also
instructs and educates every member of the Family Circle—Big Folks,
Little Folks, Mother, Sister, Brother, and a@// who dwell under the

Cole, editor of Dogdom.

Stock.

You

| FREE Any One of these
| Beautifully Illustrated
|Books by James Whitcomb
Riley for One Subscription

The department of Hens and Chickens is under the
management of Miller Purvis, the well-known editor of
the well-known magazine, Poultry.

Minnie McIntyre. editor of Bit and Spur, has charge of the
department, The Horse and the Stable.

The department, The Dog and His Care, is conducted by Eugene R.

The HOME MAGAZINE is the only leading household publication
which caters to people who are interested in Poultry, Nursery, and Pet

Are you interested, Reader?
If so, you will find these departments a source of the keenest delight

And we have sufficient faith to believe that you. too, will be more

“Interests All
the Family’’

and enjoyment.

yp THAT IS NOT ALL.

We not only give you a magazine of
unequalled excellence in every depart-
ment, but we also offer to each new subscriber to
the HOME MAGAZINE a choice of any one of the
following books by the famous Poet, James Whit-
comb Riley:

I—SONGS O’ CHEER
2—FARM RHYMES
3—LOVE LYRICS

4— CHILD RHYMES

These books are handsomely bound and printed
on extra heavy paper. Each contains about 200
pages, with nearly 100 illustrations in line drawing
and halftone.

We make this special offer for the purpose of
securing new subscribers, feeling sure from past
experience that renewals will follow on the merits
of the magazine.

Be sure to mention which Riley book you pre-
fer. Any one or more will be sent for one or more
subscriptions of One Dollar each, or the four will
be sent together with a four years’ subscription to
the HOME MAGAZINE, all for $4.00.

_ Now, please understand ONE thing dis-
tinctly: you get your money back without a

cross word ora quibble, if you are not pleased
with the first number of the HOME MAGA-
ZINE that reaches you, or if the Riley book is

not the best premium you ever received with a

year’s subscription to a $1.00 publication.

We know how: good the HOME MAGA-
ZINE is. We know that tens of thousands
of home folks—old and young men and
women all over this land—are enthusiastic
friends of this publication.

than satisfied. So, we ask you to cut out, sign and mail us the coupon
today; right NOW, while you have this before you.

WILL YOU DO IT FOR YOUR
HOME FOLKS?

The department devoted to landscape and flower gardening is
contributed each month to the HOME MAGAZINE by Mr. Eben
Rexford, author of *‘Home Floriculture,”’ etc.

Mr. Charles S. Sedgwick, the architect, contributes practical
plans for home building.

THE BOBBS-MERRILL CO., Publishers

Indianapolis, Indiana

Cut

Out,
Sign
and Mail
the Coupon

Now

@ es @] 8 BBB 28 BSVBSVBE FB

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THE BOBBS-MERRILL CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Sour money back 1 Ou 5
“ x y x I enclose $1.00 for a year’s subscription to the HOME MAGAZINE, and the

want it after you have No....Ritey Boos.
seen the first

number,

My Name i8. 2.0... c ccc cen ec eee rere eee eee t eect eter cscs stew eee

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254 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Superb Nature Books for the Holidays
STONE AND BEEBE’S

THE LOG OF THE SUN

A chronicle of Nature’s Year; 52 brief essays fitting each week with its
proper seasonable accompaniment, by C. WILLIAM BEEBE. 52 plates in
color by WALTER KiNG Stone; 200 illustrations from photographs; large
octavo, boxed, $5.00 net; by mail, $5.33.

9 ITS FORM AND FUNCTION

BEEBE Ss THE BIR American Nature Series, Group II.
By C. WiLuiaM BeesE, Curator of Birds inthe New York Zoological Park,
author of ‘‘’T'wo Bird Lovers in Mexico.’’? With frontispiece in color and
370 illustrations from photographs. 496 pp., sq. 8vo., boxed, $3.50 net.

By mail, $3.80. This is the first book in the new ‘American Nature
Series.’’ Prospectus on application.

sLosson’s TOW FERNS GROW

By MarGareT SLosson, with 46 plates by the author, 8vo., $3.00 net; by mail, $3.25.

“*Botanical books especially, of late years, have been remarkable for wealth and beauty of illustrations,
but even among these ‘How Ferns Grow’ is notable. . . . . Itisa beautiful book that every fern lover
will want.’’—N. Y. Suz.

E.V.LucAs’s THE OPEN ROAD

An anthology of prose and verse for the wayfarer. Seventh American edition. Also Lucas’s The
Friendly Town (just published), an anthology of prose and verse for the urbane. Both books have
illustrated cover linings. Full gilt, cloth, $1.50 each; leather, $2.50 each. The set in leather,
boxed, $5.00.

HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY

Is YOUR BEAUTIFUL LAWN DIS-
FIGURED BY UGLY LEANING
CLOTHES POSTS that are a constant eye-
sore? Get

HILL’S FAMOUS
LAWN DRYER

It always looks neat and tidy. Holds 100 to 150
feet of line, quickly removed after the wash. Lasts
a lifetime; saves line and clothes. No tramping in
wet grass or snow; line comes tc you. More than
two million people use them. Also Balcony
and Roof Dryers.

If not found at hardware store,

Cuniee ee HILL DRYER CO. 359 Park Avenue, Worcester, Mass.

Dwarf Pine, very old Dwarf Bamboo Dwarf Juniper Pine and Azalea, (see note*) Chabo-hibr or Retinospora

$1.00 $1.50 w5e. $2.00 FSe

For a Dainty Christmas Gift
Nothing Excels

The Quaint Japan Dwarf Plants in Beautifully Decorated China Pots

They adorn any window, drawing room or dining table—are easily cared for, and last for years.
We have a large assortment of Conifers, such as Pines, Cedars, Junipers, Retinosporas, etc., also Dwarf
Bamboo, Azaleas etc. See pictures which give a few samples. Prices include delivery by express, paid.
Sound delivery guaranteed. Directions for care with every plant.

Our September, October and November offers in “The Garden Magazine” hold good till January Ist.

joy H.H. BERGER & CO., 47 Barclay, St., New York

(ESTABLISHED 1878)

* Pine growing on rock with Dwarf Azalea, which will be in full bloom by Easter.

DECEMBER, 1906

doors. For succession, plant from twenty-
five to thirty days apart. Victoria and
Linneus are the best two varieties.

BOTTOM HEAT FOR ASPARAGUS

Asparagus can be forced in much the
same way as rhubarb. Select good strong
roots, three years old. After they have
frozen hard in the ground, dig them up,
and place them in a cellar, covering well with
soilor sand. Keep them moist until needed.
Asparagus, to force properly, requires a
good bottom heat of 65° to 70°. A box or
bench about eight inches deep is sufficient.
Plant in good, rich soil, covering the crowns
one to two inches deep, firm the soil around
them well, and water thoroughly at all
times. The top may be mulched with
fresh stable droppings. It will be ready
for cutting in about three weeks.

When about eight inches high, sever the
stalks with a sharp knife, well underground,
exercising care not to damage other young
shoots. For succession plant every three
to four weeks. The best varieties for
forcing are Colossal, and Palmetto.

New York. GEORGE STANDEN.

wae eg

BNE TES
The Best Lime-Sulphur Wash

eee San José scale is the most per-

nicious insect infesting trees and
shrubs. During December the most effective
work can be done against this most des-
tructive enemy of our fruit trees. ‘There have
been many substances, such as lime-sulphur
wash, crude oil, whale oil soap, and proprie-
tary compounds, recommended for its ex-
termination, which have been more or less
effective.

In Bulletin 107 of the Illinois Agricultural
Experiment Station; @erof yy sseeaeeorpes,
State Entomologist, reports the results of an
extensive experiment which was begun on an
orchard in January, 1905, to determine which
of all the insecticides recommended for the
scale was most efficient.

The result of the test was that the cheapest
of the washes, counting only the cost of
materials, was found to be the most efficient.

This wash is made as follows:

15 lbs. lump lime,
15 lbs. sulphur,
50 gallons water.

Add enough water to the sulphur to make
a thin paste, place this paste in twelve gallons
of almost boiling water. Then add the lime,
and boil the mixture for forty minutes, stir-
ring it thoroughly all the time. Strain, and
add water to make fifty gallons.

i!

DECEMBER, 1906

|WIVANCO TOOL CABINETS

Full sized tools; best quality; fully war-
ranted and Sharpened ready for use

$10 to $25

_ Also an assortment of nails, screws, tacks, screw eyes, etc.,
in drawer. All cabinets made of polished quartered oak, and
fitted with brass hinges, cylinder lock, and special brass tool
fastenings. Write for Illustrated Catalogue of Tool
Cabinets and Work Benches.

Save 50% on Your Christmas Presents

Our Big New Catalogue No. 91 gives prices and illustrations
on over 30,000 things that most families need for use or comfort,
and is full of Holiday Suggestions from cover tocover. It con-
tains a larger variety of labor-saving, money-saving articles at
lower prices than heretofore shown in any catalogue ever pub-
lished. You will spend hours of interest over its pages. You
will marvel at the wonderful variety all complete in one big
|book. It makes buying pleasant as well as profitable; youcan-
notafford to be withoutit. This up-to-date Buyers’ Guide costs
us $1.00 to print, but we will send it to you postpaid, FREE
OF CHARGE. WRITE FOR IT TO-DAY. Buy of us
and secure best goods at lowest prices. Prompt shipments, low
freightand expréss rates and a square deal every time.

We sell reliable goods only. We guarantee satisfac-
tion or refund your money.

WHITE, VAN GLAHN & CO.,

40 Chatham Sq., Established 1816. New York City.
THE OLDEST MAIL ORDER HOUSE IN AMERICA

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

THE BEST CHRISTMAS PRESENT OF ALL

is a set of our new, superb edition of Dickens. We are willing to send this magnificent set of Dickens—in
30 volumes—to you for examination, at our expense, and allow you a discount of nearly one-half from the reg-
ular price. And if yon mail your order promptly you will be in time to secure a PORTFOLIO OF RARE
DICKENS PRINTS, ready for framing, absolutely free with the set.

To own a good set of Dickens is to have an endless source of pleasure and delight. He is the great novelist
of every-day life. Merry Mr. Pickwick, unhappy little Oliver Twist, the rascally schoolmaster Squeers, and in-
comparable David Copperfield are known to every English-speaking land. The names of Dickens’ characters
call to mind joyous hours spent over glorious stories—whole-souled and vital—for no writer ever had a saner

outlook upon life.
An Ideal De Luxe Dickens

This edition is unique, attractive and well-made in every way. Itis the most satisfactory
edition of Dickens’ Works, for the general reader, ever produced. It contains everything
that Dickens wrote—including the many great novels, short stories and sketches, essays, un-
finished work, and travels in America.

Portfolio Free

This collection of rare Dickens prints is
conceded to be the best gallery of Dick-

ens’ characters and portraits ever gathered
into a portfoio. It will carry you through
Dickens’ land, showing you his characters
as they lived; in his books, Dickens’ own
portraits and sketches, facsimile title-pages
of the early editions of his works, and
many quaint and curious scenes. It is al-
most priceless toa lover of Dickens or to
anyone who owns his works.

There are seventy-five pictures, all on
plate paper, 1114 x 714 inches in size, suit-
able for framing, if desired. Some are in
colors and may be used as decorations for
your library or livins room. The portfolio
is cuntained in a handsome case.

This collection, known as the Connois-
seur’s Edition, «as issued in a limited edi-
tion and sold for $8.00 a set of seventy-five
pictures.

The set contains 150 SUPERB ILLUSTRATIONS—all reproductions on exquisite
Japan paper—of drawings made under Dickens’ own supervision by Cruikshank, Seymour,
Browne, Maclise, etc. The books are printed from clear, large type on fine paper. The
volumes are 5}x 84 inches in size and are bound in handsome green art cloth, with paper
labels and gilt tops.

Our Temporary Prices

For advertising purposes, we will distribute 300 se‘s at exactly half price, with one dollar
added for handling. After these 300 sets are soid the price will be $56.00aset. If your
order is sept at once you will secure a set for $1.00 after examination and $2 00 A
MONTH FOR FOURTEEN MONTHS, and you will have the Dickens folio—alone worth
$8.00o—absolutely free. The coupon will bring you a set express prepaid for examination
—to be returned at our expense if it is not perfectly satisfactory. You pay nothing until
you have examined the books. Don’t put this off fora day or a week, or you may be too
late. Mail the coupon to-day.

If you prefer a set in rich de luxe } morocco, change the coupon to read $1.00 after exam-

it Is Worth While

Buy a machine that does the work

_. Tight—that cleans its strainer automatically
with a brush, mixes liquid mechanically so that

%, foliageis never burned, but getsits due proportion.

EMPIRE KING, and
ORCHARD MONARCH

do these things. They throw finest spray, are
easiest 10 work and they never clog. You ought to
know more about them. Write for instruction
book on spraying, formulas, ete. Mailed free.

FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., No.4g 111TH St., Ecmira, N.Y.

RA

"7,

$500

Buysa

iFARM

In Virginia

With cozy new 3-room cottage like cut, and 25 acres for poultry,
fruit and vegetables. Only two miles from the live town of
| Waverley, on N. & W, Ry., midway between Norfolk and Rich-
mond, Delightful climate, abundant water, unexcelled markets

for produce. Splendid social advantages- ‘‘Go South,—Young
| Man!”
1

Write to-day for Booklets, lists of bargains in farms, lowest
excursion rates, etc.

F.H. LaBaume x38: "Westera ky. Dep, 511, Roanoke, Va.
and most

BIBAES ESE omic OLOCK of
_ Hardy Plantsin America

Catalogues on Application
| ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., Pittspure, Pa.

ination and $3.00 a month.

J. A. HILL & COMPANY, 44-60 East 23d St., New York

MAIL THIS CORNER.
J.A.HILL & CO., 44-60 E. 23d St., New York:

Send me, express charges prepaid, one set of Dickens
Works, in 30 yolumes_ If the bocks are not satisfactory,
I will return them at your expense.

Gar. 12-06

VOLUMES LIKE
THESE SENT FREE

Otherwise I agree to
keep them and will pay vou $1.00 atter examination and
$2.00 a month thereafter for 14 months. You are to give
me free the Dickens Portfolio. If I return the books I will
also return the portfolio.

Not How Much
But How Long

It is not the first cost that determines the expense of keeping a building protected with paint, but
the first cost plus the cost of renewal in a given term of years. If you must repaint five times with one
paint against three times with another paint, the latter is the cheaper, no matter what the initial cost.
OXIDE OF ZINC in paint lengthens the intervals between renewals; consequently paints based on
OXIDE OF ZINC are not only better but cheaper than other paints. Our pamphlet, “ Paint: Why,
How and When” (free to property owners) explains the matter.

The New Jersey Zinc Co.
71 Broadway, New York

We do not grind zinc in oil. A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application.

256

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DecremMBeErR, 1906

No need to build a potting shed for the heating plant —
this boiler is placed in a nearby building.
You might do the same.

A Pleasure

|Made of Winter|

AV E you ever

longed to have
a cheery, happy sort
Ofimaaplace aw nene
right through the winter
months you could dig in
the earth, plant seeds and
watch them grow just as
you do with such pleasure
and benefit in the summer?
ihe: teel of the warm sun

on your back, soothing and
driving dull care away while
you make things grow in

Mother Earth. What you
want is a garden of glass so
summer can be yours the
whole year ’round. Not
only a summer temperature,
but an attractive, bubble-like
enclosure with hardly any-
thing but glass between
you and outdoors. That’s
the kind of greenhouse the
U-Bar construction makes,
and we are the only U-Bar
builders. Send for our cat-
alog. Build at once and
have a chapter from Florida
through January, February,
and March.

PIERSON U-BAR COMPANY

Designers and Builders of
U-BAR GREENHOUSES

Metropolitan Building, 4th Ave. and 23d St.
New York

faa we ae, 7
The
HE cork-bark elm (Ulmus racemosus) is
used to a considerable extent as a shade
tree in cities on the coast of California. It
is a very rapid grower, has a dense, clean
foliage, but produces many suckers. It
sends long underground roots twenty feet
or more into nearby lawns and if the tree is
cut down the suckers will fill the lawn with
bushes. These roots seek moisture at long
distances from the tree. I have seen beauti-
ful gardens ruined by these suckers. Here in
Berkeley no more will ever be planted.
California. Ei C. Ponp.

Suckering Elm in California

When to Plant Eremurus

eee impression given in the September

GaRDEN Macazine that if ere-
murus is planted after the first of September
it is not likely to succeed is hardly in accord
with my experience here in Northern Ver-
mont. I have grown eremurus for twenty
years, planting it nearly every fall, and I have
never set any as early as the first of Sep-
tember. Often the roots have not reached
me until October and once they arrived
from Europe so late that it was necessary to
winter them in a cellar putting them out in
the early spring (April). This would not
have been successful had not the cellar been
very cool. Most of the plants bloomed and
all lived. I have seen little difference be-
tween October rst and September rst for
setting eremurus. I think that any time
between August rsth and October roth
would do.

Charlotte, Vt. F. H. Horsrorp.

ANOTHER GROWER’S EXPERIENCE

My experience with eremurus has been
that early planted roots have never failed
to grow, although they will not always
flower the first year. While it is possible
that they might live if transplanted as late
as October, they are not likely to give as
good results as those set out earlier.

The largest grower I know advises planting
in August. He prefers to reset all unsold
roots not later than September 15th and
refuses all orders received after that date.

The purchaser of comparatively expensive.

plants like eremurus surely deserves to re-

Woolen Don’ts

We _ use scrupulous care in
choosing glasses to aid our eye-
sight.

Why not use scrupulous

care in selecting lamp-chimneys ?

Macsetu is the only maker
of lamp-chimneys who is proud

to put his name on them.

Let me send you my Index to

chimneys—it’s free. Address,

MAC BbagEe Pittsburgh.
Fresh Rhubarb

Grows in your cellar, for your winter table.

Tender, red rhubarb is delicious for sauce or pies—tastes un-
commonly good in mid-winter. You can grow the choicest plants
in your cellar—the darker the better—without bother or care.

I supply the roots and tell you how. You have rhubarb to eat
in 4 to 6 weeks.

Pick fresh, crisp stalks for the table, in coldest weather all
winter. Beats canned fruits or preserves.

Clumps ready for growing, 25c, each; 6 clumps
(cnough for an average family all winter), $1 25.

STOKES’ SEED STORE 7! pnaitspin

Aquariums, Globes, Castles, Water
GOLD FISH Plants, Etc. The most beautiful,

least troublesome and longest lived
A book full of good information for the asking.

Pets.
THE PIONEER AQUARIUM MFG, CO., RACINE, WIS.

Write to-day for our art booklet ** How
to Grow Roses”? and our New Flo-

Roses ral Guide—FREE.

CONARD & JONES CO., Box P, West Grove, Pa.

Growers of ‘‘the Best Roses in America.’”

TREES For 81 Years

have maintained their record—

HIGHEST QUALITY, LOW PRICE. Free
catalog superb fruits—King David, BI’k Ben,
Delicious apples, etc.-STARK BRo’s, LOUISIANA, Mo.

DECEMBER, 1906

Fruit and
Ornamental
Trees

anda

General Line of
Nursery Stock

Aurea Nana

We Ship to All Parts of the World

Fifty years in business

Catalog on Application
P. J. BERCKMANS CO., (Inc.)

Fruitland Nurseries
Established 1856 AUGUSTA, GA.

UBET IKILL

Exterminates field mice, house mice
and other rodents in houses, greenhouses,
hotbeds, barns and stables. Package (contain-
ing enough Ubet Ikill to kill 1,000 mice)
60 cents, carriage paid.

Manufactured by J. D. Auc. Hartz,

Queens, N. Y.

STUMPP & WALTER CO., Distributing Agents
50 Barclay Street, New York City

FOR THE BOOKSHELF OF EVERY GARDENER
THE VEGETABLE GARDEN

By M. M. Vilmorin-Andrieunr.
The English Edition by W. Robinson.
Illustrated. 782 pages, 646 xohs ins. Price $4.so net. Ex. Paid.
“‘A vegetable encyclopaedia, describing and illustrating everything
that may be called a vegetable. Besides descriptions of the different
species and their varieties, full directions are given for culture and
care. A practical and well arranged work for the gardener.”

—Chicago Evening Post.
E. P. DUTTON & CO., 31 West 23rd. St. NEW YORK CITY

CHRYSANTHEMUMS

Are Our Specialty.

Other Important Lines are Carnations, Cannas, Ger-
aniums, Bulbs, Hardy Perennials, etc,
Only the Best in Above. Fall Catalogue—Free.

NATHAN SMITH & SON,
122 West Maumee St., Adrian, Mich.

SUN-DIALS

with or without PEDESTALS
Send for Illustrated Price List H

— ~ Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co.
New York Office, 1123 B Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

roadway

New Catalogue of American & Imported
Novelties, Toys, Games, Puzzles, Jokes,
Useful and Amusing Articles will be sent
for 10 cents, stamps or coin, together with our
New Fryine Biuesirp Toy.

THE NEW YORK NEWS COMPANY,
15 Warren Street, N. Y.

FOR A LITTLE GIRL
Mary’s Garden and How It Grew

A charming little book by Frances Duncan, really a
practical treatise on making a flower-garden, told in
the form of a story, in a way to interest young people
and help them to lay out and tend a garden. Square,
12mo, illustrated, $1.25. The Century Company,
Union Square, New York.

FAIRFAX ROSES
CANNOT BE EQUALLED

Catalogue free

Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

FARM JOURNAL

is the leading farm paper in America, with more subscribers than any other farm paper
in the world. It is a monthly, thirty years young, taken and appreciated everywhere,
from Maine to California. Thousands in your state already take it. Your neighbor
knows all about it. It is full of sunshine and gumption, is edited by practical farmers
who know whereof they write. It has no axe to grind, prints no long-winded articles
by theoretical specialists, but aims to give in season, and just when wanted, advice
and timely help such as you, a busy farmer, need. Farm Journal has departments for
the stockraiser, the orchardist, the dairyman, the trucker, the general farmer, the
poultryman and the women folks, with many short cuts, recipes and hints, many of
which, our readers often write, are worth the cost of the paper. Farm Journal is 75c.
for 5 years, sixty numbers.

Biggie Orchard Book

We have just off the press Biggle Orchard Book, the greatest fruit book ever issued by any publishing house
Great, because it is practical, boiled down, has everything you want to know, and leaves out a whole lot the average fruit
grower doesn’t want to bother with. There are one hundred and twenty-three illustrations and twenty pages of colored
plates, showing the leading varieties, reproduced by photography, so that they are true to color and shape. It has chapters
telling which are the best varieties for your section, on planting, cultivating, picking, marketing, spraying, etc. Inshort, an
up-to-date, common sense book. Bound incloth. Price, 50 cents by mail.

There are eight other Biggle Books, one each on the Horse, Cow, Poultry, Swine, Sheep, Berries, Health and Pets, all built on the same
plan as the Orchard Book, So popular are the Biggle Books that over 175,000 copies have already been sold.

The Roosevelt Family Calendar

is a high artcalendar for the year 1907, showing a family group of President and Mrs. Roosevelt and their six children. It
contains no advertising matter whatever, but it is a beautiful and artistic production, such asanyone will be glad to hang in
parlor, sittingroom or office, and preserve foreverasa historic souvenir. Orit will make a valued, attractive Christmas gift
for some relative or friend.

For Sl Farm Journal fors years, (60 issues) and Biggle Orchard Book and include the Roosevelt Family Calendar, if your
order is received before Jan. rst. (Any other of the Biggle Books may be substituted for the Orchard Book.) Safe de-
livery of Book and calendar guaranteed.

For $1 Farm _ Journal to one address for 10 years, or to two.addresses for 5 years each, provided at least one of these sub-
scriptions is a new one; if both are new so much the better. A Roosevelt Family Calendarasa free gift for promptmess to
each subscriber if subscriptions are received by Jan. rst.

For 25 cents Farm Journal on trial two full years, and a copy of the Roosevelt Family Calendar. This offer for new
subscribers. Calendar offer is good only to Jan. 1st. Send coin or stamps at once; your money back gladly if not satis-
fied with any of these offers. Agents wanted on salary.

FARM JOURNAL, 1070 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa.

For Liquor and
Drug Using

Temedy which has
skillfully and successfully administered by
medical specialists for the past 27 years

AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES:

A scientific been

Birmingham, Ala.
Hot Springs. Ark.
San Francisco, OaL,
West Haven, Conn.

Washington. D. ©.,
211 N. Oapitol St.

Dwight, ll. White Plains, N.Y. Pittsburg, Pa.

Marion. Ind.

St. Louis, Mo.,
2808 Locust St.
Omaha, Neb.,
Cor. Cass & 25th Sts.
North Conway. N. H.
Buffalo, N. ¥

1087 N. Dennison Ave.
Philadelphia, Pa.,
812 N. Broad 8t.
Harrisburg, Pa.

Lexington, Mass.

Portland. Me.

Grand Rapids. Mich.
265 8. College Av.

Providenee, R. L.

London, England.

Columbus, O., 4246 Fifth Ave.

Toronto, Ont., Canada

DE GARR DEN MVANGsAN7aIENa,

DrcEMBER, 19U6

UL

iG gs P< STN
| Soper (Hope

| OF

at)

l
|

qi

FA,
ea CTD.

RIFLE

Every man who looks back upon his boyhood, recalls no
greater longing than that for a firearm, no keener disappoint-
ment than the failure to get it, or more honest j joy than when
the gun was finally placed in his hands.

Don’t forget that your boy feels now just as you once did.
Give him a Stevens to train his eye, make him self-reliant and
keep him in the fresh air.

RIFLES FOR BOYS:

"Little Scout” . . $2.25 “Crack Shot”’ $4
““Stevens- Maynard, Jr.”’ $3 “‘Littie Krag” $5
‘Favorite No. 17” . .$6 a

A VERY INTERESTING CHRISTMAS CATALOG MAILED FREE

We have issued a book dealing with shotguns, rifles and pistols, which every one living
in the country should have. It contains 140 pages, and has been termed by the press as
‘“a mine of information on gun owning and gun shooting, ’’ making interesting reading for
old and young alike. It is mailed free to any one sending 2 two-cent stamps to cover postage.

Don’t let your dealer get the better of you by passing off some other kind.
If he can’t supply you, or wont get the style you want, order from us direct. We
send any style of Stevens Firearm, express prepaid, on receipt of catalog price.

J. STEVENS ARMS AND TOOL CO., 420 Pine Street, ae Falls, Mass., U. S. A

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

“STEVENS

ll

New Temporary Binder

The Perfect Pamphlet Preserver

is very convenient and will hold copies until volume is complete and ready for permanent binding.

It is worth its cost several times over each year.
them, and it will last for years for succeeding volumes.
holds one number or a volume ;as simple as tying a shoe.
on an entirely new and improved. but less expensive pattern than the old.
Stationery Dealers—ask them to get it—or write to us.

Price 75 cents prepaid
DOUBLEDAY,-PAGE & CO., 133-137 East 16th St.,

Green cloth, neatly stamped.

You will have the copies together when you need
On the shelf it looks just like a book ;

Made
See it at News, Book or

New York

ceive the stock at the earliest favorable time

| when nothing is to be gained by delay.

Should a permanent place for planting nct
be available so early the crowns may be care-
fully potted and kept during the winter in a
cool greenhouse or lighted cellar and watered
sparingly. In the spring they may be planted
out, without disturbing the roots.

New York. W. N. CAMPBELL.

A Profit of $1.11 from 2 Cents’
Worth of Corn

Te cents’ worth of corn seed was plant-

ed about the middle of July, allowing
from three to five seeds in each hill. I coy-
ered these seeds with a little soil, pressed this
soil down a very little with my hoe. In

about two weeks’ time my plants began to-

sprout up.
I watered the plants every evening, and in

a short time I noticed little bits of silk tassels.

In another week I
These soon

hanging on the stalks.
saw small ears on the stalks.
ripened, and I had corn.

I had five dozen ears of corn.
two dozen I sold at twenty cents per dozen.

Another dozen and a half I sold at fifteen

cents per dozen. This made a total of sixty-

three cents I made out of that corn, besides.

having some ourselves.

the corn stalks from me for fifty cents.

made $1.13. My seeds cost me two cents,,

so I cleared $1.11.
Ohio.

Then a man bought

LILLIE Kocnu.

The Common Barberry

lee sprays of beautiful scarlet berries on
this month’s cover are those of the
common barberry (Berberis vulgaris), one of
the best shrubs for planting on the home
grounds for winter effect. In the spring its
gracefully arching branches are loaded with
clusters of bright yellow, fragrant flowers.
which with the light green of the young
foliage make a pleasing sight. In the fall
the flowers are replaced by berries, which
persist until February unless eaten by the
birds. The barberry may be grown as a
specimen plant on the Jawn, or in masses,
and it makes an impenetrable hedge.

It does not need much pruning to keep it
in good form; merely remove those branches
that rub against any others and cut back
any that may be growing so that they tend to
destroy the general even form of outline.

The common barberry is found growing
abundantly in old pastures and in abandoned
lands in New England, and the fruits are
much prized for making ‘‘shoe-peg’’ sauce.
It is a native of Europe.

Plants are easily grown from seeds sown
as soon as ripe or stratified in sand and sown
in April. Before sowing or stratifying re-
move the pulp from the seed. This is

easily done if they are put in a tub and
_dampened with water and allowed to fer-

ment just enough to loosen the skins, which
will then wash off very easily.

There are yellow-, violet-, and black-
fruited varieties, and a most popular form
is the one with purple-colored leaves (var.
atropurpurea), which is the only form that
comes fairly true from seeds.

The first:

This.

OO —_—_ - —

DECEMBER,

1906

Readers
of this
Magazine

are invited to visit our
library salesroom to
examine our books and |
magazines.

We shall be especially pleased
to show you the new and en-
larged edition of

The Cyclopedia of American
Horticulture, in six volumes.

The Nature Library, in ten large
octavo volumes. ~

The Gallery of Masterpieces,
fifty beautiful photo-mezzo-
tints.

The Home Library of Law, six
handy little books.

The Little Nature Library, seven

dainty illustrated volumes.

Bound Volumes and Files of Our
Magazines, ‘“THE WoRLD’S
Work,”’ “‘COUNTRY LIFE IN
AMERICA,”’ ““THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE”’ and ‘‘FARMING.’’

133-137 East 16th Street

Bet. Irving Place and 3rd Avenue

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO:

Service for Readers o

The Garden Magazine

Readers’ Service Dept.,

PTH SG AR DEN

MAGAZINE 259

HEDGES! HEDGES!

FOR ORNAMENT—SHELTER—OR DEFENCE

At Newport, the most artistic and beautiful resort in America, hedging of
all kinds is used extensively. There they can be seen in every conceivable
shape and size; nothing is more useful and effective.

Our Amoor River Privet can be trimmed in the most fantastic shapes, and
our list includes many other varieties, both Evergreen and Deciduous:
Arborvite, Rosa Rugosa, Berberis, Althea, Trifoliata, Boxwood, Mock
Orange, and California Privet—in fact, we can supply most everything
growing. Write for Catalog.

PETER’S NURSERY COMPANY

KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE

The publishers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
will be glad to give its readers information
on points relating to gardening, the country
home and grounds, and advice where equip-
ment and supplies not found in the advertis-
ing pages can be obtained. Address

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 133-137 East 16th Street, New York

For Home Decoration.

HINK of having in your own home for
Christmas a real holly tree, with its bril-
liant berries and waxy green leaves. Nothing
in the way of holiday decorations could com-
pare with it.

These are real, live, growing holly trees, and
you will not find them dried and withered after
a few days, like other decorations. With proper
care they will retain their beauty throughout
the winter, and in the Spring can be planted
out for next year’s use.

All our trees are beautiful specimens, with perfectly
formed bodies, and brilliant with color. We ship them
with all roots gathered in a ball of its natural earth, se-
curely wrapped with burlap, and protected with soft,
damp moss.

Trees, three feet high, $2.50
Trees, four feet high, 83.50
Trees, five feet high, $4.50

Shipped promptly to any address by freight or express, on receipt
of price.

HOLLY NURSERY COMPANY, Moorestown, N. J.

260

AH eG AUR sey ING view G, AeA Nees DecemBeER, 1906

PIEDMONT

\ From Factory to Home

Vou need a Piedmont Red Cedar Chest to protect your
furs, woolens and fine clothing from moths, dust and damp-
ness. We sell them at low factory prices, prepay freight and
allow them to be returned at our expense if they do not
wholly satisfy. Isn’t that fair?

Made in several sizes of genuine Southern Red Cedar—no
veneering—and handsomely trimmed. Impart an exquisite
fragrance perpetually.

Why not banish moth-balls, or do away with storage bills ?
Buy a Piedmont and discover the protection, convenience
and satisfaction it affords.

A Piedmont Chest will pay for itself in what it saves.

Appropriate Gift for Xmas, Birthday or Weddings.
Shipped direct from factory, charges prepaid.
Write for Free Booklet and low factory prices.
PIEDMONT FURNITURE CO., Dept. G. Statesville, N. C.

We also make a beautiful Box Couch of Solid Southern Red Cedar,
handsomely upholstered, Send for booklet and prices,

6 to 8 times
this size
51-2x8

For Christmas Gifts

Awarded Four Gold Medals.
Beware of inferior imitations.

The PERRY
PICTURES

Reproductions of the World’s
Great Paintings.

One Cent Each fr25 "more:

120 for $1.00.

Send 25 cents for 5 Art Subjects
or 25 Madonnas or $1.00 for
Christmas Set 120 Art Subjects,
or 50 cents for 11 Extra Size,
Io x 12. Order to-day. Catalogue
of 1.000 illustrations for 2-cent
stamps.

The Perry Pictures Co.
Box 1460 Malden, Mass,

2,000
Subjects

MUSHROOM 3 ‘butions’. wt. 25 ounces.

Now is the time to put in
beds fora winter crop. Get spawn while the manure
is being prepared. We have seven varieties. Our
literature tells you about them, and tells you how to
grow mushrooms. It’s yours on request.

Pure Culture Spawn Co., 609 W. Fourth St., Cincinnati, O,
Factory : Pacific, Mo.

POTASH

in the soil puts corn on the stalk and
money in the bank.

The natural process of plant growth is simply
one of chemical conversion. Potash, the raw ma-

terial, is cheap; but when converted by nature into
corn, it is valuable. The use of Potash is not an
expense, but an investment.

Write to-day for our free booklet ‘‘ Plant Food.’’

GERIMAN KALI WORKS

93 Nassau Street, New York

[It is the earnest desire of the editors of the GARDEN Mac-
AZINE that its readers call upon them when in need of help
in solving garden problems. Wall all those who write for
information, be careful to attach their name and full address
so that they may receive an immediate answer through the
mails when the season renders it necessary? The magazine
is made up so far in advance of publication that it is not
possible to give immediate attention through its columns.]

CAULIFLOWER UNDER GLASS

G. S. H., New York—Sow seeds in December and as
soon as the plants have made a true leaf transplant into
3-inch pots. As soon as the pot is well filled with roots
plant out on benches in a good rich, heavy, well-drained
soil. Plant fifteen inches apart each way. Give a temper-
ature of 45° at night. Early Snowball and Gilt Edge are
good varieties for greenhouse culture.

STORING CHRYSANTHEMUMS

H. G. T., New York—The best treatment to give Chrys-
anthemums after flowering, is to plant them in a coldframe
in ordinary soil (it is not at all a bad practice to allow
them to freeze, but not too hard, during January and Feb-
ruary) and keep them covered with mats and shutters.
Cuttings from plants that have had a thorough rest do
better than from those that have not rested.

TEMPERATURE FOR FUCHSIAS

P. S., Vr.--Fuchsias need a night temperature of about
55°. With these, as everything else, the temperature is
allowed to rise 10° on cloudy days and more when the sun
shines. Blooming plants may be grown from seed in one
year, but they are usually grown from green (but nearly
ripened) wood cuttings taken in December or January.
Blooming plants may be had in five months from cut-
tings. Make the cuttings two joints long.

GETTING RID OF STUMPS

E. F. L., New Jersey—An easy method of disposing of
stumps is to bore a hole in the stump, in the fall, one or
two inches in diameter and eighteen or twenty inches deep,
and into it put a couple of ounces of saltpetre and fill with
water. Now drive a wooden plug into the hole. The
following spring remove the plug, fill the hole with kero-
sene and apply a match. This will make a smouldering fire
which will burn clear to the ends of the roots, leaving
nothing but ashes. ‘

WHY HOLLIES FAIL.TO FRUIT

R. A. K., New York—All the ilexes are dicecious—the
staminate and pistillate flowers are borne on different
individuals. It is therefore very important to secure both
forms of the plant when buying, or transplanting from the
wild; otherwise fruit will not be borne. This is probably
the reason why the plants of the black alder (I/ex ver-
ticillata), failed to bear its beautiful red berries in the
shrubbery after it had been transplanted from the woods.
This is why the holly so often fails to fruit. For further
information on the hollies see the article ‘All the Hollies
Worth Growing” on page 234.

DRAINED GROUND EARLIER

H. J. B., Mass.—It will be to your advantage to
tile drain the land. Land which is drained suffers less
from drought than that which is undrained. Well drained
soil will become mellow, mealy, and absorbent as it dries
and will absorb the slightest precipitation; it will even
absorb the dewfall. Undrained soil dries slowly, and
shrinks and cracks while drying, allowing the sun and
air to penetrate it, and it also holds the frost much
longer. In well drained soil, the surface of which is kept
cultivated, the roots go deep, finding sufficient moisture for
the plants, though no rain fall for a long season.

MENNENS

BROeRy Avime mee, TA Loom

ce en oo. ee 3
s

Any Child
who has enjoyed the benefit of ¥
Mennen’s Borated Talcum Toli-
let Powder daily since birth is
free from the painful chappin £
and chafing which comes wit.
winter weather.

Mennen’s

soothes and heals,and if used dat-
ly, enables the most tender skin to
resist the ill effects of changing
conditions of weather.

Put upin non-refillable boxes,
for your protection. If Mennen’s
face is on the cover, it’s genuine,
that’s a poate of a
Delightful after shaving da
m everywhere, or by mail 25 cents.

Sample Free. }

’ Gerhard Mennen Co., Newark, N. J.

Try Mennen’ BUAIen Ee orten), :
Taleum Powder. It has thi
scent of fresh cut Violets.

U A LITY SEEDS, BULBS,
PLANTS
Send for Catalogue.

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON

342 West i4th St., New York.

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcuIps in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

AN D if E GO Souther California’s ideal
» home city

, offers unrivaled
opportunity for profitable investment. Write immedi-
ately for illustrated booklet telling how monthly payments

of $5 to $1o will secure fine level lots with splendid mountain
view, within two blocks of new car line, in the most rapidly
growing section. Investment perfectly safe. Bank refer-
ences. Invest now, and the next few months will make you a
handsome profit. These terms apply for limited time only.

RALSTON REALTY CO., San Diego, California

ORDER “ BONORA”

for your winter plants. It will give
a profuse growth and beautiful
flowers. Write for endorsements, &c.

BoNoRA CHEMICAL Co., 584 Broadway,N.Y.

ROSEDALE NURSERIES

Our Catalogue will make plain why our customers are so enthu-
siastic as to say to their friends :

“‘There is only one place to buy roses’’

S. G. HARRIS, ‘Tarrytown, N. Y.

G. H. PETERSON

Rose and Peony Specialist
FAIR LAWN, N. J.

DECEMBER, 1906

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE aero

* 1OT7

“ A fi JY = R -m tie aS

COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA

Two Magazines for the Price of One

E can announce for 1907 a great outdoor and country magazine, of vital interest to the country liver and the country lover—
practical, beautiful, and complete. Zhe Homebuilder’s Supplement will be a large, additional monthly magazine—the best
magazine on housebuilding and homebuilding that has ever been made in this country. It will be edited by experts on

housebuilding. It will give photographs, materials, costs, plans. Besides it will show how to improve the house and grounds. It is
for everyone who has a house. It is for convenience bound with the regular issue.

The field of Nature will be covered in a remarkably comprehensive way: Miss Mary C. Dickerson’s “ The Pageant of Nature,”
with marvelous photographs taken by the author in field and wood, will run through the entire year. ‘“ The Nature Club of America,”
free to subscribers, is becoming a great nature organization which offers wonderful possibilities to the student.

The March Gardening Manual will be a real manual for the year’s gardening, and will be supplemented from month to month
by other gardening articles. @ Here are some other subjects for 1907 :

Outdoor Sports
Country Places that are Inspirations
The Management of the Country House

Trees and Shrubs
The Home Grounds
Furnishing and Decorating

EE ——

The Vegetable Garden
Poultry

Automobiles

Horses and Live Stock
The Home Flower Garden

The Home Fruit Garden
Dogs and Cats

Antiques and Collecting
Making a Living Outdoors
Outdoor Vacations

55 Cents a Copy: $4.00 a Sear
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE G COMPANY, NEW YORK

Home of Chauncey Olcott, Saratoga, N. Y.

262

AEE,

GARDEN MAGAZINE

The New Cyclopedia of Amcrican Horticulture

book on gardening if you possess it.

tees CUT OFF HERE AND MAIL'TO US...-.. BDI oe cia

Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 E. 16th St., New Vork, N.Y.
Gentlemen: Please send me descriptive circular of The New
| Cyclopedia of Horticulture containing fu.] information, with prices
and special limited offer.

H-270-NM

Vol.

Vol.

“As necessary as a dictionary Vol.
and far more interesting.” Vol.
Vol.

Let us send you a book which

Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 E. 16th St., New Vork, N.Y.

Gentlemen: Please send me book descriptive of The Nature
Library (free of cost to me) and give details of special prices and
terms.

A-270-NM

| OR
k all

to some extent expresses the beauty of The Nature Library. It contains
some of the colored plates, several of the photographic reproduc-
tions, text pages, and, so far as is possible, describes the great work.

3

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

«.-CUT OFF HERE AND MAIL TO US..:...,..-...:

1
2
ao
4
5

TITLES

. Bird Neighbors Vol.

. Game Birds Vol.

Bird Homes Vol.

. Animals Vol.
. Fishes Vol. 1

Mail us the attached
coupon and we will
send you our descriptive
circular with specia]
limited offer.

Cut off and send us this

coupon with your name
and address and the book
will be sent with full infor-
mation as to special prices }
and easy terms.
no obligation.

You incur

This monumental work, edited by Prof. Bailey, the greatest authority on American gardening, is the one indispensable and funda-
mental book that takes the place of all others on American gardening. A library in itself and you can afford to deny yourself every other
More than 4,357 articles in all by 450 expert writers including the most capable botanists, nursery-
men, seedsmen, florists, market gardeners, and experimental station horticulturists. Occupying 2,100 pages and covering 24,434 plant
names, 2,800 detailed illustrations, enormously increasing the ease of identification to the amateur, and 146 beautiful full page illustrations.

PRACTICAL ARTICLES BY LEADING EXPERTS OF THE COUNTRY ON ALL PHASES OF COMMERCIAL PLANT PRODUCTION
AND GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT — CUT FLOWERS, VEGETABLES, Etc.
FLOWER, FRUIT AND VEGETABLE, TREE AD ORNAMENTAL PLANT YOU MAY WISH TO GROW.

Geo. H. Rising, President of Cortright Milling Co., writes: ‘‘I have received the set of “The New
Cyclopedia of American Horticulture,’ and am delighted with it.
Literary, Scientific, Artistic, Practical, it is fine.

““Hope I shall be as well pleased with ‘The Nature Library,’ which I hope to receive soon.”’

Abounding in new ideas, fertile in timely hints, wide in scope, and minute in detail.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEw YorRK.

The Nature Library

IN TEN SUPERS VOLGVi==

nine years we have been working steadily to build up this
-American standard work—the only one of its kind in the
world— 300,000 volumes have already found their way into the
best American homes.

Full of delightful information; 4,000 large pages, 10% x 8 in.; interesting and popular, yet
accurate and authoritative; 300 plates in full color, 450 half-tone photographs and 1,500 other
illustrations, nearly all actual photographs from life secured by years of work on the part of our
most able nature photographers.

. Butterflies

. Moths

. Insects

. Wild Flowers
. Mushrooms

FULLEST CULTURAL INSTRUCTIONS OF EVERY

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

AUTHORS
W. J. Holland Barton W. Evermann
L. O. Howard A. R. Dugmore

David Starr Jordan
Neltje Blanchan
Witmer Stone

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA.

|
|
DECEMBER, 1906)

.
|

By PROFESSOR LIBERTY H. BAILEY | |
ae special opportunity to se-

cure this magnificent set of
books at a greatly reduced price,
which up to the present time has
been offered only to our own
subscribers, WILL BE DISCON-
TINUED ON JAN. ist. At that

time the price will be advanced.

From every point of view, Mechanical,
Money would not buy it if I could not replace it.

THE WORLD’s WoRK
FARMING

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

Nina L. Marshall
William E. Cram
Etc.

THE WORLD’s WORK
FARMING

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1906

eecccseces

cars, etc.

addresses if you desire.

It is especially valuable in the farm ‘home,’

will be paid for a number of weeks.

THE eGAk DEN SMAGAZIN E

THE FIRST “TESTED” PLANTING
TA BLES

The Planting Tables have formed a conspicuous feature
of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. They give explicit directions
in condensed form at just the time you want them.

In the great Spring Planting Number—March, 1907—we
shall issue the first “tested” planting tables ever published.
These were completed and paid for a year ago and then we
returned them to the authors and asked them to plant every-
thing according to their own directions in order to fill the
gaps and correct any possible errors.

THE “QUALITY VEGETABLES”
SERIES

This is the first series of articles to focus the attention upon
quality from three points of view heretofore absurdly separated
z. €. varieties, cultivation and cooking.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
FOR 1907

THE LITTLE MONOGRAPHS OF
GARDEN CROPS
These are the first articles to explain with the utmost clear-
ness the comparative merits and limitations of all the species
worth growing in every large and complicated group.

COMPLETE PLANTING PLANS
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE was the first horticultural per-
iodical to make a specialty of complete planting plans which
tell exactly how to lay out city gardens or country places,
what to plant, where to plant it, and how much everything
will cost. We have new and distinguished help in these in-
tricate and perplexing problems.

OTHER REMARKABLE FEATURES
> Complete Spraying Calendar for the home garden,
telling how to control every kind of insect enemy.

There will also be many articles on city roof gardens, vines,
bulbs and winter flowers.

The April and October issues are double planting numbers, which sell for 25 cents each, and alone

are worth the price of a year’s subscription.
tion without extra cost.

They are included in the regular $1.00 a year subscrip-

PRICE 15 CENTS A COPY

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

THE WORLD’S WORK
FARMING

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEw YORK.

$1000 ACCIDENT INSURANCE POLICY FREE

AND ONE YEAR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO
HARMING ax von 01.00

ARMING iis an illustrated magazine for the man and woman interested in this important subject.

magazine edited by farmers or those who have been farmers.

’

publications issued by Doubleday, Page & Company.

The subscription price of FARMING is one dollar, and the policy we offer will pay One Thousand Dollars
on death or total disablement, but if you will subscribe at once on the coupon below, we will give you a year’s subscription to
FARMING for one dollar and in addition give you a

FREE Accident Policy for $1000

fully paid for one year, without any dues or assessments of any kind. The policy is an exceedingly generous one, cover-
ing a wide range of risks, including death or injury on railroad trains and other public conveyances, elevators, trolley
There is also a $500 provision in case of death by accidents on the high road, from riding or driving,

automobiles, horses, etc., burning buildings, hold-up, bicycle accidents, etc., etc., etc.; and in case of disable-

ment from any of the latter class of accidents,

$5.00 a Week

Mail This Coupon To-Day

You can have the magazine and policy sent to different

It is a practical

and is beautifully printed and magnificently illustrated like all the

To
Page & Co.

263

Doubleday,

133 E. Sixteenth St.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The World’s Work
for 1907

The forthcoming number of Zhe World’s Work will contain features that
no wideawake American can afford to miss. They begin with:

264

DeEecEMBER, 1906

THE COMMUNICATION NUMBER

The New Wonders of Communication. So nchly interesting and important are the things that men are doing in
railroading and ocean transportation, and in adapting the telephone and the telegraph to wider uses, that a special number is
being prepared to be issued for January, celebrating the new era that electric railroads, “wireless” and turbine liners are open-
ing, with a group of some of the most entertaining stories of progress that have ever been brought together.

A beginning will be made in the same number of some of the noteworthy series planned for later issues:

The Trusts From the Inside. How far are Messrs.
Morgan, Rockefeller, Harriman, Havemeyer, and other
magnates public enemies, and what is their service to the
public. An intimate study of the Trusts as they affect the
daily lives of all of us.

The Real South—Why and How it is Becoming
Nationalized. A revelation of the vital changes beneath
the surface that are bringing the section into step with the

The Making of Investments. Personally helpful
monthly articles by Mr. C. M. Keys, now a member of
The World’s Work staff and formerly railroad editor of the
Wall Street Journal

Medical Sense and Nonsense The Right Way
to Keep Well. If people knew and practised what the ad-
vance of medicine has discovered, there would be fewer fools
and fewer physicians, but healthy human beings would be

nation—a story.of the South in a new and bustling day— commoner. This series gives the needed illuminating facts.

by Walter H. Page, the editor. Secrets of Business Success. Intimate stories of the

methods of men who are making money. Stories of mer-
chants, manufacturers, bankers, and professional men, telling
of their plans, their battles, their devices. The articles
have all the suggestiveness of personal contact with these
business geniuses.

Does Harvard Do Its Job? This will be one of a
series of unsparing investigations of the kind of education
the big (and some of the little) colleges are really giving.
Are our colleges doing what we expect of them ?

What Other Countries Can Teach Us. Has England better postal service? | Germany, better schools and
better public utilities? Holland, better working conditions? France, better buildings? Canada, better local govern-
ment? Japan, better national spirit ?

The timely interpretation of all the most interesting things that are done in the world of politics, business,
industry, books and art, will be illustrated with an unequaled profusion of photographs, for the magazine
keeps improving in the pictorial field for which it has set a new standard.

This is but a taste of the big things the editors have in preparation. No wideawake American can
afford to miss The World’s Work’s keen interpretation and pictorial panorama of the world’s activities.

25 cents; $3.00 a year

Doubleday, Page & Co., 133-137 E. Sixteenth St., New York

|

MAULE’S SEEDS LEAD ALL

— THORBURN’S BULBS

DECEMBER, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 265

Books You Will Like to Own

Famous American Songs
By GUSTAV KOBBE
Author of “ The Loves of Great Composers.” Printed from special type
designs at the Merrymount Press. With numerous illustrations.
2mo, cloth, $1.50, net. Limp leather, boxed, $2.50, net.
[Postage 15 cents]

Flowering Shrubs

Herbaceous Perennials for the Garden Border.
Native Perennials for the Wild Garden.

This well-known musical critic presents an interesting account of our
best beloved songs—‘‘ Home, Sweet Home,” ‘‘ Dixie,” ‘‘ The Star Spangled
Banner,” ‘‘ Yankee Doodle,” and others. These songs have become part
of our national and home life; and every scrap of information about thena
deserves to be treasured.

Joun Howarp PayNeE

Famous Actor Families in America

By MONTROSE J. MOSES

Catalogue sent on application.

SHATEMUC NURSERIES
Barrytown, Dutchess Co., N. Y.

HOME BUILDING
AND FURNISHING

Printed in two colors. With 4o full-page illustrations from rare portraits
and scenes, arid new bibliography. $8vo, cloth, $2.00 net.
[Postage 20 cents]

Jlluminating chapters, by a brilliant dramatic critic, on the careers of
the Booths, the Jeffersons, the Drews, the Sotherns, the Hollands, the Wal-
lacks, the Boucicaults, and other noted families. The book is not alone of
value to theatre-goers, but is also a genuine contribution to literature, his-
toric and critical.

Under this attractive title, Messrs. Wm. L.
PRICE & W. M. JOHNSON have combined
their knowledge in an invaluable and compre-
hensive manual. It is small but gives con-
cisely and clearly ideas on how to build and at

Epwin Booru

All the Year in the
Garden

A NATURE CALENDAR
By ESTHER MATSON

Special type designs. 12mo0, cloth, $1.00 net.
Limp leather, $1.50 net. [Postage 1oc.]

NEW POCKET EDITION OF

In TuneWith the Infinite
anv What All the
World’s A-Seeking

By RALPH WALDO TRINE

These two famous “Life Books”
which have sold by the tens of thou-
sands and been widely translated,
are now offered in dainty pocket
size. They are finely made through-

least a hundred suggestions on home furnish-
ings. 100 illustrations.

($1.10 postpaid.)

A delightful series of out-door
thoughts from great authors ar-
ranged for each day in the year.
The vogue of nature books makes
out, and bound in Japanese style this attractive volume—done in
for $1.25 each, or in silk for the special decorative type—particu- .
same price. R. W. Trine larly timely.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
Publishers
133 East 16th St., New York City

Illustrated Catalogue free
WM. WENRY MAULE
1701 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Crowell’s Thin-Paper Poets

Flexible leather binding. Photogravure frontispieces. Each book, boxed, $1.25

A decided novelty is this thin-paper edition of great poets. ‘The books are clearly printed from large
type on an opaque Bible paper which carries a firm impress and yet bulks only about one-third the thick-
ness of ordinary books. ‘These dainty little volumes are, in fact, only 4? x 7} inches, and half an inch
thick. The list comprises the complete works of BurNs, Keats, Scott and SHELLEY, and _ selections
from R. BROWNING, LONGFELLOW, TENNYSON and WuHirTIER—each in single volumes,

Our bulb catalogue, containing th largest and most varied
assortment of high class bulbs in America, free. Send
fortes Vien) RBURN & CO., 33 Bar-
clay St., through to 38 Park Place, New York.

SEND FOR FREE ILLUSTRATED BOOK LIST
THOMAS Y. CROWELL & COMPANY, 426-8 West Broadway, NEW YORK

W. W. Rawson & Co. beg to announce

that they are constantly receiving applications from gardeners
seeking situations, and they will be happy to supply any lady or
gentleman with particulars, etc.

W. W. RAWSON & CO., 5 Union Street BOSTON, MASS.

IF aman saves your life at NOTICE

the risk of his own, how
much of a “‘mortgage’’ does

Specimen Nursery Stock
for Immediate Effects

that give him upon you? The publishers of the GARDEN MacazInE
That is the question Anthony have found it necessary to increase the price DECIDUOUS TREES, EVER-
Dilke had to answer in of that magazine for single copies. Hereafter GREENS, RHODODENDRONS,
° ° they will be 15 cents instead of 10 cents, ex- AZALEAS, etc., over one hundred
Claims and Counterclaims cept the double Spring and Fall Planting (100) acres of the choicest varieties.
By MAUD WILDER GOODWIN numbers, which will remain 25 cents each. Send for pricelist.

The yearly subscription rate will for the

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
133 East 16th St. New York.

Cottage Gardens Company

present remain the same,—$1.00, including QUEENS, LONG ISLAND. - - NEW YORK

all double and special issues.

266

HE Studebaker Model ¢*H’’
. Car is a perfect harmony of
} strength, lightness and power. Its char-

acter told in brief is this:
It is not an experiment.

automobile _ practice.

tious engineer.

| it has earned the right. to be there.
this car a year—try it on the heaviest

roads—put it up the steepest hills, and ce
@ so long as you run it fairly it will never &

disappoint you. Speed when you want
| it—power always in reserve, and strength

| sufficient in every part to warrant your

=| implicit confidence.
4 The records made by several cars of
1 this type last summer over the worst hills

that cannot be surpassed.

Model “HH,” 30-35 H. P.
Price $3700 to $5000 according to body

Make-and-break ignition, Simms-Bosch
Vertical motor, [4
Three speeds forward and (|
Exhaust vents arranged to [7
Weight &

7 low-tension magneto.
4. cylinder.
one reverse.

7 act as a perfect dust protector.
2400 pounds.

Each car is thoroughly equipped with

headlights, generator, taillight, sidelights [7
and horn, also the best tried out type of |
shock absorber, a conveniently placed %

tool box and irons for carrying extra tires.
Write for art catalog.
STUDEBAKER AUTOMOBILE COMPANY
South Bend, Ind.

Members Ass’n of Licensed Automobile Mfrs.

Studebaker Branch Houses

NEw York CITY
CHICAGO, ILL.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.
PORTLAND, ORE.

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
SALT LAKE City, UTAH
DENVER, COLO.
DALLAS, TEXAS

MZ
Roy
Wy

get under the rough bark.

Fishkill-on=-Hudson,

San Jose Scale ona Peare.

Turn your / |

consulting expert loose upon it and he 7
f4 can find nothing unyouched for by sound |@
It embodies no
@ pet but unproved eee ak Bae a riages notably easy riding qualities.
method of constructicn is there because

Run § 3

#1 the car unattended.
J 4 energy in the battery.
of the White Mountains, are a testimonial 1%

22a Runabout withtop ..... o 9 Salil)
P| 22B Stanhope with top ... . . . . . 1250
| 134 High Speed Stanhope ...... 1600
2006E Omnibus, 14 passengers .... - 3000

We aim to kill scale and not trees.
They are very minute, but their multitude makes the San Jose Scale
a plague like the plagues of Egypt.

‘iHoricum”,is Simple, Strong, and Ready For Use

Sold by Seedsmen.

HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

HE Studebaker Electric
Victoria-Phaeton is con-
ceded to be the hand-
somest electric carriage in
existence. Init is embod-
ied not only the long expe-
rience of this firm as auto-
mobile builders, but their half cen-
tury long experience as makers of
fine carriages. Its elegance of design and
finish, and extreme simplicity of opera-
tion, point to its especial suitability for
ladies’ and physicians’ use in city streets
and parks. The distinctive Studebaker
practice of locating the battery and motor

TaN
LNW

+, over the springs eliminates jarring and
/| jolting, and gives to their electric car-

Model 16a Victoria-Phaeton, Price $1750

Four speeds from 3 to 14 miles per
hour. Forward and backward speeds
equally divided. Will carry two pas-
sengers over level streets 40 miles on one
charge. Steered by side lever; speed
regulated by controller handle on the left.
Has cut-out switch, permitting leaving
Meter indicates
Each car equipped
with special quartered top with removable
side curtains or Victoria top. Also set of
necessary tools, tire pump, tire repair

M outfit and charging plug with 15. feet

of cable.

Other Electric Models

ELECTRIC CARRIAGES

Write for complete
catalog.

ses HORICUMs«s

TRADE MARK

THE SAN JOSE SCALE KILLER

For Fall or Spring Use

One spraying will not kill all the scale. Many of them

Send for pamphlets, worth having, to

WORKS

= NEW YORK

DECEMBER,

ores ee

Christmas Presents

Gee year 1906 has been a remarkably |
The y

sterile one for gardening books.
only brilliant exceptions I know are two.

Best Gardening Books for |

Miss Shelton’s ‘‘The Seasons in a Flower |

Garden” is the best dollar beok on the home
flower garden over published. Surely this
is the briefest book ever written by a woman.

It boils over with little planting tables, useful |

lists, calendars, statistical matter,
recipes and directions.

Fletcher’s ‘‘ How to Make a Fruit Garden”
is certainly the most beautiful, photographi-
cally illustrated fruit book yet published, and

rules, |

the only one that is aimed simply and solely ©

at the American amateur.
relief to have a book that actually assumes
that you have a home, and are not growing
fruit for a living. It makes a big practical
difference, too.

Waugh’s “Dwarf Fruit Trees” is a
good little fifty-center on a subject of increas-
ingimportance. It hardly has the ‘‘ gift qual-
ity,” but it’s worth having.

These are small things, however, com-
pared with what we ought to give our garden-
loving friends. It has been a good year, and
we ought to give something inspiring, even
if we only give a letter next year. J want to
tell you about some books whose pages I
love to turn over with my gardening friends.

The most beautiful colored plates of gar-
dens ever published are the fifty by Elgocd,
in ‘“‘Some English Gardens.” One can sit
and dream over that book by the hour, and
plan gardens by the dozen. The color
combinations are a perennial joy. And for
a wonder, the text is not a rambling lot of
mush by a hack writer. Everything Miss
Jekyll writes is worth reading, and beauti-
jully illustrated. (Witness her books eon
Roses, Lilies, and Wall and Water Gardens.)

The second place in my heart is occupied
by ‘‘ Garden Colour,” apparently by fourteen
different authors, but really Mrs. Water-
field’s own book. Her colored plates are a
trifle impressionistic, but you may always
recognize the flowers, and the garden effects
she pictures are thrillingly new and _ beauti-
ful. Her notes, too, are suggestive—nothing
pretentious, but full of good, novel ideas.

Another book for your garden-planning
friend is ‘‘American Gardens,” by Guy
Lowell, which contains more photographic
illustrations of good American gardens than
any other book. There are diagrams of
many of the gardens, also. The text is not
wildly exciting.

New Jersey.

THomAs MIcApAM.

It is a great }j

AS AGAINST WOOD FLOORINGS (hard or soft)
Pennsylvania Rubber Tiling is practically unaffected by the
hardest wear, absolutely non-porous and water-proof, and there-
fore non-absorbent of unsanitary elements, which fairly teem in
wood after short use (a particularly important point in public
buildings, hotels and hospitals). At the same time the physical
advantages of wood—warmth and resiliency under foot—are far
superior in Pennsylvania Rubber Tiling.

AS AGAINST MARBLE and tilings of cemental or ceramic
character: All these are slippery and unpleasant to the tread and
give forth nerve-grating sounds—are with greatest difficulty kept
spotless—and unavoidable crevices form unsightly features. These
drawbacks are wholly lacking in Pennsylvania Rubber Tiling,
which is practically silent to the tread, never slippery, seal-close
at the joints, and fully as durable as any of the above.

NEW YORK, 1665 Broadway

CHICAGO,
1241 Michigan Avenue

PHILADELPHIA,
615 North Broad Street

All the good points of all other floormg
materials—from wood to marble—with
many advantages found in none of these—
and not one of their disadvantages—make
up the great superiority of

Pennsylvania
Rubber Tiling

SPECIAL DESIGNS APPROPRIATE TO ANY INDIVIDUAL INTERIOR
ARE READILY EXECUTED WITHOUT EXTRA COST

Pennsylvania Rubber Company
JEANNETTE, PA.

AS AGAINST LINOLEUMS and other similar materials :
These are merely makeshifts for flooring—and none deserve the
dignity of comparison with Pennsylvania Rubber Tiling.
AS AGAINST ALL OTHER RUBBER TILINGS the
Pennsylvania Brand is adaptable to unmatchable designs, is
richer and permanent of coloring, superior in quality, laid with
much greater facility and is full 36" thick, while no higher in cost.
IN SHORT, Pennsylvania Rubber Tiling is the most econom-
ical, elegant, sanitary and desirable flooring material in the world.
NO ARCHITECT OR BUILDER does justice to himself
without having on hand data regarding Pennsylvania Rubber
Tiling, and our Book-of-Designs-in-Color, which will be sent
on request, with list of important buildings furnished with this
flooring.

ATLANTA, GA., 102 Prior St.
BOSTON, 167 Oliver St.

BUFFALO, N. Y.,
Main and Tupper Streets

LONDON, 4 Snow Hill

And then again, when snow and ice hold ali outdoors —

KODAK

Turn the lens into the home and picture, for the days to come, its hearthstone harmonies. The
album of baby and the pictures made by the little folks will be held more precious every year.

And picture making is easy now —the Kodak has made it so. No dark room, few chemicals,
no fuss. It’s photography with the bother left out.

EASTMAN KODAK

Catalogue, free at the dealer’s or by mail. Rochester, N. Yes The Kodak City
Read it before Christmas.

THE WORLD'S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK

January lhe Window Gardener’s Complete Manual 15
1907 The Best Cactuses Fruits Under Glass C.
Vol. IV. No. 6. Mending Old Trees Home Grown House Plants $1.00 a Year

The World’s Work Country Life in America Farming

113 Howorn Bung DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY ss eestsintcentn surcet

We have solved the problem:

You want Roses that are sure to grow and bloom.
Here they are—guaranteed to bloom, or your
money back if they don’t.
This means extraordinary Roses. That’s
all it can mean.
Ordinary Roses would make us lose
money.
Weshan’t lose money; we know what
weareabout. The roses are extraor-
dinary. Order early and get results.
You can order all you want (yow run no
risk) and make your garden glow.
We have roses for every place and every
purpose. Our Catalog will tell which are
best for you; or write us especially.

Our years of experience are always at your
service.

Send anyhow for our new 136-page Floral Guide
which tells all about these guaranteed roses, and many
other choice plants.

We'll also send you our Booklet ‘“‘How To Grow Roses,’’ both free to readers of GARDEN MAGAZIN2.

Write today. THE CONARD & JONES COMPANY

Growers of the “

Best Roses in America.”’ Box P, West Grove, Pa.

Ee e “

A mushroom bed can be made in many places otherwise useless. In
the cellar, under greenhouse benches, in an unused
stable or an old outhouse

winter without a greenhouse or even a cold ceamell

for the asking.

Why You Can Grow Mushrooms

one of the most toothsome dishes, but it gives you the pleasure of gardening during the

And the expense of spawn is trivial.
Let us send you our booklet on mushroom culture, which gives you the story in a

nut shell, with illustrations, and tells about our pure culture spawn, with prices. It’s yours

PURE CULTURE SPAWN COMPANY

Factory: Pacific, Mo. - 609 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati, O.

HINK of having delicious mushrooms for several months from one planting,

and of making beds in your cellar—on the floor, on a table or on shelves, or

on the floor of an unused outhouse. The only requirements are comparative
darkness, an even, low temperature and pure culture spawn.

Four years ago the growing of mushrooms was considered the most uncertain
thing in horticulture, but now the pure culture method of growing spawn has
eliminated the most important of these uncertain factors. Not only does it
simplify wonderfully the raising of mushrooms, but it makes it possible for us to
have varieties of mushrooms for the first time, just as we have a Ben Davis and a
Baldwin apple.

What is pure culture spawn and why is it better? It is a scientific laboratory
process by which the “ virgin spawn ” is secured directly from the tissue of a mush-
room having all the qualities that we most desire. Four years ago all the commer-
cial growers of mushrooms used foreign spawn. Now, more than half of it is
produced in America by the pure culture method, because the grower is now sure
of having mushrooms of the desired color, and of uniform size. Formerly he was
not even sure of getting the same species, to say nothing of the same variety.

To the amateur, the new discovery makes all the difference between success
and failure. It is now perfectly practical for you to raise mushrooms in your
own cellar and thus supply your table with one of the most tasty and delicious
of all table delicacies. Mushroom growing not only supplies your table with

JANUARY, 1907 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 269

IF YOU WISH A

PROFITABLE GARDEN

of wholesome vegetables and

beautiful flowers you should
send for

The Maule
Seed Book
for 1907

It contains 63 specialties in

vegetables and 69 specialties
in flowers, besides everything
else good, old or new, worth
erowing.

YOU NEED IT.

It is free to all readers of The

Garden Magazine sending me

their address on a postal card.

Wm. Henry Maule.1701 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Penna.
y )

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1907

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. Address Information Department THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 133 E. 16th St., New York

The art of winter poultry feed-
ing to double egg production
and produce early broilers,
made plain in booklet ‘How to
make Poultry Pay.” Proves
the value of cut green bone,
and tells how best secured.
Freely yours for asking.

STEARNS
Bone Gutters

Sent on 30- day free trial.

How to fee
POULTRY

Satisfactory
increase in egg production gu aranteed.
Cuts green bone, meat or grisue, easily,
rapidly and finely. Self clearing. |
Automatic feed. All sizes. Get free

B catalogue and booklet.

Rife Automatic
Hydraulic Ram

(Water Pumped by Water Power)

No Attention No Expense
Runs Continuously

Country Homes Formal Gardens

Farms Town Plants Irrigation

Railroad Tanks Dairies, Etc.

5000 inOperation 80% efficiency developed
Catalog and Estimate Free

RIFE ENGINE CO., 2109 Trinity Bdg., New York

BERRY PLANTS

We are headquarters for plants of the
new ‘‘Oswego”’ strawberry and 50 other
best new and old varieties. Also the
“Plum Farmer” raspberry and_ other
desirable kinds of Raspberries, Black-
berries and other Fruit Plants, etc. 23
years experience. Highest awards at
World’s Fair. We invite correspon-
dence. Catalogue free.

L. J. Farmer, Box 729, Pulaski, N.Y

ij ail 4
a
ti T PAGE
fi |
Poultry Fence
—
eo Strong best on ORO
t. ence:
= a Gis, Peel Me,
0 a re
JR I |_ Costs less erected than
i = common netting, because
op pt it requires no boards at
He} top 2 bottom an Eo Uae
f osts—one every e
it ou can't afford to buy
OT poultry fence without in-
TWri__}— vestigating Page. Write
ia (~ for descriptions.
H I 1" Page Woven Wire FenceCo

Box 836, Adrian, Mich.

i ———
Ne onan aha te CII Ne NLL ete

YOUR LUCKY

never brought you greater success than will

STAR Incubators and Brooders

They make poultry raising profitable, easy
and certain. Sold ona guarantee that makes [ox

you safe. Free catalog tells why. Write. Fj

ate

STAR INCUBATOR CO.
682 Church Street, Bound Brook, N. J,

puters

Py bone is the raw material she
needs to make her lay an egg
aday. A CROWN BONE
CUTTER will prepare the food from scrap bones \
easily. Write for Catalog—tells about §
Wilson Bros., Box 642, Easton, Pa.

quickly,
the Crown.

E( ( 2 MAKING
is a hen’s natural work. Cut piss
iM
N

RHODES DOUBLE CUT
PRUNING SHEAR

bruise the bark.

We

charges on all orders.

pay Express

Write for circular and
prices.

RHODES MFG. CO. Grand Rapids, Mich.

Fall Reting - time is here.

Peach, Apple Trees, Berry Bushes, Roses, California Privet — anything in

the nursery line.

contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS,

Millions of plants and trees ready.

Handsome catalogue
It’s free. Send now for it.

Box N, MOORESTOWN. N. J.

[Good as Gold”

you should follow the Bull’s Kye [ol wherever it appears in

» BURPEE S Farm Annual for 1907

This mark [O] now called a bull's eve was
used by the ancient alchemists to represent
gold. If you want the choicest vegetables

; . ; the “Szlent Salesman’? of the world's largest mail-order seed trade. An Elegant New
Book of 200 pages, with hundreds of illustrations from photographs, it tells the plain truth about the Best Seeds that Grow

It describes Grand Novelties in Flowers and Vegetables, of unusual importance, which cannot be obtained elsewhere.

ested, WRITE TO=DAY, and the Book is yours.

If inter-

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, Philadelphia

Cuts from both sides |
of limb and does not J

Orden ‘now our hardy, thrifty, Peart

| The Burpee Idea *

to try all things, hold fast to those
good,—and then make them
If you would have pleasure or
profit from your garden you should plant

Shall we mail you a copy of

can be had only direct from us.

the BEST SEEDS that Grow!

‘“‘The Leading American Seed Catalog’’? It is an elegant book of
200 pages and is mailed only to those who can appreciate the BURPEE QUALITY in Seeds.
Most Important Novelties for 1907,—including the two most remarkable ‘‘New Creations,’’—which
Write TO-DAY !

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Sree NG and pet dogs,

Cattle, Sheep, Swine,

Pigeons, Ferrets and Rab-

bits.

59-Page illustrated Catalogue, 10 cents
Cc. G. LLOYDT

Dept. E, Sayre, Bradford Co., Pa

‘ Instead of buying a pup

Collies why not buy a female

collie, recently bred, and

rear a whole litter, at about the cost of
purchasing a pup?

Harvale Farm Kennels Midland Park, N.J.

No cat lover can afford to be without

The Pussy Magazine

THE CATTARIAN tells
where to get the best pets
and how to care for them

10c. a copy $1.00 a year
310 First St.S.E., Washington, D.C,

WHY NOT RAISE DOMESTICATED
PHEASANTS, QUAIL, ETC.!!

Profits enormous! ECCS Bring from 50c to $3 EACH, BIRDS
from $20 to $150 per PAIR. Large back yard enough space to
produce from $600 to $1,200 yearly. DEMAND HEAVY. We buy
your eggs and youngsters: orfurnish customers. Our breeders are
all RAISED IN CONFINEMENT, are very hardy, WILL THRIVE IN
ANY CLIMATE and are NOT SUBJECT TO DISEASE jike poultry
and pigeons. EXPENSIVE OUTFITS UNNECESSARY. Don’t con-
flict with Game Laws. Send $1.00 TO-DAY for Book “‘DOMES-
TICATED PHEASANTS AND GAME FOR PROFIT” and ask
especially for photo ‘‘A 7", BREEDING STOCK shipped
anywhere in U.S. and Canada; SAFE ARRIVAL CUARANTEED.

° THE DOMESTICATED GAME CO.
LOS ANCELES, CALIFORNIA

Feed your hens
right and keep them warm
they’ll pay you back with
plenty of eggs.
j My VIGOR FOODS make hens lay and
keep chickens healthy
Cyphers’ Incubators and Brooders—new and
improved 1907 designs—and all other up-to-date
supplies. Write for Illustrated Poultry Supply
Book, and tell me your problems. I am sure
Ican help you. WALTER P. STOKES
Of the late firm of Johnson & Stokes

219 Market Street
Philadelphia

and

hatch eggs while you sleep. Fine illustrated Catalog o
Incubators, Brooders and Foultry Supplies free.

© ©. SHOEMAKER & CO.,

A THRIFTY GARDEN

whether large or small, needs proper tools for
seeding and cultivating. We make garden imple-
ments of all kinds, a tool for every purpose.

MATTHEWS’ NEW UNIVERSAL

Hand Seeders and Cultivators

singly or combined with Hoes, Plows, Rakes
ES ete. Over b0 styles:

EE BOOK KLET givin de-
FREM (Ons rices and valuable
information mailed to
any address.

Box 714, Freeport, Ill.

mj cheep Manure

pe Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad

odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden,
aq lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants.

$ 4 0 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order.
e

Delivered to your Freight Station.
Apply now.
The Pulverized Manure Co., 19 Unton Stock Yards, Chicago.

| January, 1907 THD EGARIDON WONEGAY ION 271

HEATING AND LIGHTING THE COUNTRY

A DIRECTORY
OF HEATING

APPARATUS
99 Says This

**Better Than Gas New Yorker:

“TI have used The Angle Lamp far beyond the time set for trial and find that one can-
not be too enthusiastic over it,’’ writes Mr. Granville Barnum, of Cold Springs, N. J. It
certainly gives the brightest and at the same time the softest illumination one could desire.”

“We lived, for some years, in New York City, and used the latest and most improved
appliances, devices, etc., in connection with gas or electricity, and yet I must sincerely
urge the superiority of this simple yet wonderful method of illumination. One can hardly
say too much in its praise.’”’

Notice please, that Mr. Barnum has used gas and electricity with all the most approved devices for years. He,
like thousands of others who use these systems, would probably have pooh-poohed the idea that an oil-burning lamp
(or any other system for that matter) could be more satisfactory—zt7l he tried The Angle Lamp.

He now admits that The Angle Lamp is fav superior. For he has found fro use that this oil lamp gives him
all that gas or electricity can give in convenience and something more—kerosene quality light. It floods his rooms
with the finest, softest, pleasantest of all artificial lights.

Yet THE ANGLE LAMP Pays For Itself

For where the ordinary lamp with the round wick, generally considered the cheapest of all lighting methods,
burns but about five hours on a quart of oil, The Angle Lamp burns a fil sixteen hours on the sae quantity. This,
even where oil is cheap,soon amounts to sore than its oréginal cost. But in another way it saves as much
—perhaps more.

Ordinary lamps must always be turned at //7 hezght, although on an average of two hours a night all that is
really z«ededis a dim light ready to be turned up full when wanted. A gadlon of oil a week absolutely wasted,
simply because your lamps cavzot be turned low without unbearable odor. AZ this is savedin The Angle Lamp, for
whether burned at full height or ¢#xzed dow, it gives not the slightest trace of odor or smoke.

Why White Light Causes Blindness

A DIRECTORY
OF LIGHTING
EQUIPMENT

SNES a

We have given yoz several good reasons why you should use
Angle Lamps for lighting your home, reasons that appeal to your
pocket-book, to your common sense and to your love of a well
lighted, attractive home.

There is one more reason, and itis the most important of all—
the health of your eyes. The light of The Angle Lamp, while
more brilliant than ordinary lamps and intensified by being a//Z
thrown directly dozwxward upon your book, table or work, is of
the soft, warm, restful quality for which kerosene oil is so justly
noted—the quality which causes even the people who use gas or
electricity for general lighting, to stick to oil lamps for reading or
working.

There are, you know, really but two kinds of light for
home use. One is this splendid, soft kerosene light. The
other, the thin, penctrating colorless light. such as comes
from the use of a mantle, with gas or gasoiine and the
acetylene light. :

A few years ago this white light was quite the rage. City
people had all their gas jets fitted with mantle bumers and
country people tried gasoline.

But they only used them fora little while. Then they went
ack to the open tip burner and kerosene lamp. Not because the
breaking of mantles caused a great deal of annoyance and expense,
although that did have its influence. No, people went back to

these older systems because they found that the enxetrating
mantle light was fast rwzzzng their eyes.

Do you know that the most conscientious American manu-
facturers no longer manufacture what is known as the “ pure
white’’ mantle? Simply because they found what all students of
illumination have found—that the pure white mantle develops a
light so thin and coloress and penetrating that it pierces the retina
of the eye, and, like the X-Ray, paralyzes the optic nerve, soon
causing blindness.

Yet this pure white mantle, at_7rs¢ heralded as the perfect imi-
tation of sunlight, is merely the highest development of the find
of light which some people use because of penetrating qualities
that enable them to read a long distance from the fixture.
They either forget or failto appreciate the destructive effect of
this very quality on the eyes.

~Now that fact contains another thought for you about
lighting—look out for any light that imitates the light of the
sun too closely! For such lights are dangerous.

Because when you read or work by sunlight you use only the diffused,
softened light, never the @zvect rays of the sun, which so quickly dazzle
the eyes. But when you work under artificial light you szs¢ always use
the direct rays of light: for you know that you can’t read with someone
‘* standing in your light.”

Consequently artificial light mnst be of softer, warmer

Ellen Glasgow’s Books
The Wheel of Life. $1.50
The Deliverance. $1.50
The Voice of the People.
The Battle-ground. $1.50
The Freeman and Other Poems. net $1.50

Postage, 5 Cents

PUBLISHED BY
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

$1.50

Z| Chicago

\ ,' JE issue a pamphlet, H 26,

showing a complete line of

Wood Pedestals

that can be used inside the dwell-
ing or porch to support a lamp or
jardiniere of flowers, or on the lawn
asa support for a sundial. We
furnish these with or without the
dials as desired.
Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co.
Mt. Vernon, N. Y.
N. Y. Office, 1123 Broadway

also HENRY SANDERS CO.
Cor. Elston & Webster Aves., Chicago, III.

1 NASH
ELECTRIC LIGHTS, tor

of COUNTRY HOMES.

quality than the sun’s direct rays.

And that is just why kerosene is the most perfect illuminant: the d@zxect
vays of the oil light contain just enough of red and yellow to give the
softened, diffused zdirect rays of the sun.

Now, Reader, if you are interested in a satisfactory lighting method—
a method which will cause your friends and neighbors to exclaim ‘* how
beautifully your home is lighted,” that will save you one-third to one-half
of what your present system costs you, that will give you the operating
convenience of gas and a light of the soft, warm quality which fully rests
and relaxes the tired nerves of the eye—then write tor our catalog ‘‘41"’
and our proposition to prove our statements about The Angle Lamp by

30 DAYS’ TRIAL

Yes, write for catalog ‘ 41’’ and do it x0w. For surely when such people
as Ex-Pres. Cleve.and, the R ckefellers, Carnegies and thousands of
cthers find, after trying The Angle Lamp, that it is profitable to rip out
gas and electricity, to throw out gasolene and acetylene outfits or ordinary
lamps, it is worth your while to send a postal to find out about it.

Our catelogue ‘‘ 41’ listing 32 varieties, trom §1,80 up, and our booklet,
“Lighting and Common Sense,’’ which gives you the benefit of our ten
years’ experience and experiments with all known ighting methods, are
free on request.

The Angle Manufacturing Co.
78-80 Murray St., New York

GASOLINE ENGINE

Are used extensively for furnishing

PUMPING WATER and for the

S

FIRE PROTECTION

Completé plants installed.

NATIONAL METER CO.
84-86 Chambers Street
NEW YORK

A lamp that gives more than TWICE the light of city
gas—a WHITE light, almost as easy to read, write or sew

by as daylight.

A gas light controlled by no Gas Company

or public-service corporation. a complete gas plant within
the Jamp itself—automatically regulating its own supply,

burning steadily, WITHOUT HEAT, ODOR or DIRT.
This modern adaptation of Acetylene gas lighting to house-
hold use provides a better, safer, and more economical light
for city or country houses than any other yet produced.
For description, method of operation, cost and
all particulars, write for Booklet No. 1f

ACETYLENE LAMP CO.

50 University Place, New York
Also Montreal, Canada

Send for catalogue.

272 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1907

“* To business that we love we rise betime

And go to 't with delight.’’—Antony and Cleopatra

Three Years on wince
Garden Magazine for $2.00

We propose to try anew plan FOR THE NEXT TWO MONTHS, of giving three
years’ subscription for $2.00.

Our reasons for making this offer are, first: To avoid the expense of sending out
several notices to subscribers, taking the name from the subscription list, setting it up
and putting it in again, supplying back numbers, etc., etc. We turn over this saving to
the subscriber in this offer. And, second, to give permanency to the list itself, which
is, after all, the heart of a live magazine.

The expense of selling single copies has forced us to raise the price to 15 cents a
month. Magazines are so cheap in these days that perhaps readers think they are made
more cheaply than they used to be; but the cost of making has gone up like the price
of meat or lumber.

It costs a greatly increased sum to secure renewals to all magazines. This plan
which we propose trying will save both you and ourselves money if it works, and we
think it will.

This is what it means if you bought all the issues at retail: Six double 25-cent num-
bers (the Spring and Fall Planting issues) and thirty 15-cent numbers—$6.00 for $2.00.

To make this offer as effective as possible we will take your own subscription and
a friend’s if you desire, and if your subscription is still incomplete you can extend it two
years for $2.00 beyond the time now paid for, under this offer.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.,
133 East 16th Street, New York City. 133 East 16th Street, New York City.

For the enclosed $2.00 please send me THE GARDEN For the Enclosed $2.00 please send me THE GARDEN |

| MAGAZINE FOR beginningwe see see MAGAZINE FOR

Address Address

if
I
|
| JaNU ACREY: 5

1907 SDE GeAUReDshiN: cM ArGeAcZ INVES

__

THE Sarvaaay Collier's

5 :
aN

Ch EE x

(| IV Wey

POE John. PuGe Co

y our Free Catalogue |

Is ready for its annual mission of practical
magazine economy to the homes of 1,000,000
SS ‘Sek who read magazines and newspapers. There
is dividend-paying information on every page of this
big 1907 edition, which lists over 3,000 magazines, period-
icals, newspapers and combination offers. Our system
saves you subscription money, for we quote you the

Lowest Existing Prices

New ideas and new suggestions and valuable information for every
magazine reader, are found in this catalogue, the most complete one of
the kind ever published, and we offer it to YOU simply for your name on
a postal card.

Re

Ours is one of the largest subscription agencies in the
world and we are known everywhere. We therefore
enjoy the closest relations with the publishers, and
are thereby enabled to secure unusual
concessions, giving us every facility for
furnishing any magazine, periodical or
newspaper in the world at a rate much
lower than you believe possible.

i. §900900 — 3

We have helped thousands save magazine
dollars. We can do the same for you.
Simply send us your name on a one-cent postal
card, asking for our Free Catalogue. Write to-
day. We can interest you. Address

J. M. HANSONS MAGAZINE AGENCY

NEW YORK OFFICE 228 Hanson Block, LEXINGTON, KY.

99 Fourth Ave., (near 12th St.)

274 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1907

he Deadly Parallel in Seeds

No. 1. HIGH-BRED vs. ORDINARY STOCKS

THIS TS THE FLIRSL OF A SERIES OF CONTIDE NINA CLLATES
ABOUT THE SEED BUSINESS WHICH WILL REVEAL SOME
INTERESTING AND VALUABLE SECRETS THAT VOU OUGHT
TO KNOW, IF YOU WANT THE BEST THERE [S TO BE HAD

BAIHE STOCK (or gilliflower) is a flower that has a romantic history. It is valued for
its fragrance and its extraordinary range of colors. For centuries it has received an

extraordinary amount of breeding, culminating in about 250 varieties in 28 colors,

grouped in 12 different classes. Stocks are valued primarily for their spicy, clove-

like fragrance. In the daytime they are only faintly odorous, but at nightfall they

seem to pour out their soul—suddenly perfuming the whole garden. ‘Their colors are also

remarkably pure and clear cut. But the highest bred stocks must have something more than

fragrance, color and size —they must be double. Yet double stocks never produce seeds, and

the species is an annual. How then are the seeds produced which will give double flowers?
Right here lies the romance of this flower.
The seeds that you buy in an ordinary five-cent packet will produce scarcely any double

flowers. The seeds that you get in a twenty-five-cent packet from us will produce an extraordinary
percentage of doubles. ‘The reason for it is that our seed grower has devoted his life to the
breeding of this flower until he can tell simply by the size and shape of pods whether the seeds

a

ocks

Ordinary st

contained therein will produce a high percentage of double flowers the following year, or whether they will produce nothing but

disappointment for the purchaser. Yet the amateur can never tell from the seeds themselves whether one packet is better than another.

You have to trust your seedsman.

Every year we sell these high-bred stocks to customers whom we could not drive away from our store with a club. They kyow
that the mere difference of twenty cents in a packet of seeds is nothing compared with the satisfaction they are sure to get from growing
our high-bred seeds They have tried the ordinary kind and are sick of them. ‘They know that high-bred seeds of any kind can
never be produced without the expert personal care of a lifelong specialist, and nothing can persuade them to buy “ cheap ” seeds.

This principle runs all through the work of Stumpp & Walter Co. Not all our seeds are high priced. In fact, we sell every kind
of seed and bulb as cheaply as anyone else — or cheaper. But it is the element of high breeding in which we take pride. We ask

you to send now for a package of our high-bred stocks and share the professional
pride in the result that is one of the greatest pleasures in our life. You will have the
best stocks ever seen in your neighborhood. They will be so much better than any-
thing you have ever seen that nothing can ever persuade you to get seed of stocks
from anybody but Stumpp & Walter Co.

Order your stocks now or you will be sure to forget it. Send for our catalogue and you will
see that everything we do is “on the square.” You had better send us your whole seed order this
year. If you do, you will have a better garden, and you will have joined the ever increasing army
of permanent customers whom we regard as our appreciative friends.

Varieties of Flower Seed that Should be Planted during January

Asters, High-Bred, mixed . f ; : 7 ‘ pkt. $0.20
Begonia, ae Tuberous rooted, mixed . : ; oe 52S)
Carnation, ‘* Scotch, mixed hardy . : : : ‘ie .25
Cyclamen, ‘“‘ Giant, mixed . : 5 : : : a -5O
Phlox, Be Dwarf, mixed . : : : ; : af .20
Stocks, a 10 weeks, mixed . ; : ; : ee =25
Stocks, ue collection, 6 colors, separate, 6 pkts. 1.00
Stocks, a for cutting . : F : ; 6 . pkt- -25
Stocks, e for cutting, 6 colors, separate, 6 pkts. 1.00

STUMPP & WALTER

50 Barclay Street, New York

CovER DESIGN—A Window Garden ee re ee to ih ome A NR iene NE eer ye Deon ae ahi fe ae Mary G. Huntsman

PAGE PAGE

Tae GARDENER’S REMINDER - - - - - - = = 9297 QUALITY EVEN IN THE ONION TRIBE - Effie M. Barron 294

CACTUSES as Housr PLANTS FOR THE Busy Man - y 2 Photographs by A. R. Dugmore, J. W. Scott and others

Parker T. Barnes 278 An Eastty MADE PLANT STAND - - - - M.K. F. 206
Photographs by F. Weinberg and others Photographs by the author
RatsInc YouR Own House PLANntTs FROM SEED F. F. Rockwell — 281
Photographs by H. E. Angell and others

Every EvonymMus Worth GROWING - - - - - - RAISING SUCCULENTS AT HOME -
John Dunbar and Wilhelm Miller — 285
Photographs by N. R. Graves and Henry Troth

MENDING OLD TREES SReea ee i ee iW GILSON 2288 PEACHES AND PiUMS FOR FORCING - = - IE Powell © 304
Photographs by Arthur G. Eldredge and others

Maxinc tHE Most or A FERN Batt - - Luke J. Doogue Tur Onty Way To Grow Larcre Mitp ONIONS - - -
George Standen 306

WATERING AND POTTING FERNS -~ - Eleanor M. Lucas 296

Parker T. Barnes 298

PURCHASER’S GUIDE TO EUONYMUS- - = = = - = 02
3

GROWING PEACHES IN THE GREENHOUSE - - I.L. Powell 292
Photographs by H. E. Angell and others ANSWERS TO QUERIES - - - - - - = = = 310

WILHELM MILLER, Epitor.—Copyricut, 1906, sy DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
Entered as second-class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879.

To everyone
owns a home or ex-
pects to build, the
question of modern
bathroom equipment
is of the most serious
import. The in-
stallation of

%
Ui

w 4, s

Standard” Porcelain Enameled Ware
has a vital influence not only upon the value of your property, but upon the health of the entire family for years to come. Its one-piece construction
guarantees sanitary perfection; its pure, snowy-white surface is a safeguard against uncleanly accumulations, and its beauty of design is the source of

unlimited pride and satisfaction in usage.

Our Book, “MODERN BATHROOMS,” tells you how to plan, buy and arrange your CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Ware bears our “Standard” “GREEN and GOLD"
bathroom, and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive as well as luxurious rooms, show- | guarantee label, and has our trade-mark “Stondard” cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-
ing the cost of each fixture in detail, together with many hints on decoration, tiling, etc. Itis | mark are on the fixture it is not *Btandard” Ware. Refuse substitutes—they are all inferior and will
the most complete and beautiful booklet ever issued on the subject, and contains 100 pages. | cost you more inthe end. The word *Standard” is stamped on all our nickeled brass fittings; specify
FREE for six cents postage and the name of your plumber and architect (if selected). them and see that you get the genuine trimmings with your bath and lavatory, etc.

The ABOVE FIXTURES, No. P-30, without shower, can be purchased from any plumber ata cost approximating $167 75—not counting freight, labor or piping—is described in detail

among the others.
os Address Standard Sanitary MMfa. Co. Dept. 37, Pittsburgh, U. S. A.

ei : Offices and Showrooms in New York: “Stattdard”? Building, 35-37 West 31st Street ;
London, England, 22 Holborn Viaduct, E.C. New Orleans, Cor. Baronne & St. Joseph Sts. Pittsburgh Showroom, 949 Penn Avenue.
Louisville, 325-329 West Main Street. Cleveland, 208-210 Huron Street.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

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ROM the artistic standpoint, the Chickering Piano occupies the proudest
position of all pianos in the world. (BECAUSE of its artistic merit it su-
perseded all others years before any of the American pianos now manu-

factured were established. (BECAUSE it is the only American piano of its
time now living, and BECAUSE it stands to-day the recognized represent-
ative of the highest development in artistic and scientific piano-building. QIts
position was not gained and is not maintained by purchased influence.

CHICKERING & SONS, 827 Tremont St., Fenway Station, BOSTON

Established 1823 Catalogue upon request

The Garden Magazine

VoL. IV—No. 6

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

TAINIUE RNG S07

° { ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
| FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy

Watering House Plants

Ho OFTEN shall I water the plants
in my window garden?”

There can be no general answer, except
“when they need it.” Don’t over-water,
but give sufficient to thoroughly wet the soil
at each time, and wait until it has dried out
a liltle before giving more water.

Did you ever see a gardener or florist rap
the outside of a flower pot with his knuckles ?
He does that to ascertain how it “‘rings.”
If the soil is wet, the sound is dull and heavy;
if dry, the pot resounds with a clear, sharp
tone. Therefore, give water whenever the
pot rings sharp and clear. Give each pot a
rap with the knuckles every day at least,
until you have arrived at a knowledge of the
capacity of each pot for holding water. Do
it regularly when you are giving the window
plants the routine attention. Some pots will
require wetting only once in two days, per-
haps; others twice in one day, depending on
the size of the pot, the nature of the soil, the
quantity of drainage in the pot, and espe-
cially, on the dryness of the atmosphere in
the room. Steam heated apartments are
usually very trying to plants; furnace heated
rooms are generally a little more moist be-
cause of the evaporating pan that is in the
furnace.

Never resort to a daily light sprinkling.
This will keep the surface soil wet—-so wet
sometimes that moss will grow on it, but the
mass of soil in the pot remains dry.

Here is the surest, easiest, and cleanest
way to water house plants: Take the plants
from the window and put them in a tub, or
other convenient place—the kitchen sink
is perhaps the handiest of all. Here they
may be watered copiously, the surplus drain-
ing away; and the foliage may be syringed
—-that will help fo keep the leaves clean,
and remove dust, which otherwise will choke
up the pores. Or the pots may be put in a
tub filled with water to within an inch of the
rim of the pot. Let them remain here until
the soil in the pot becomes thoroughly soaked.

When this is accomplished the surface soil
will show signs of dampness. Now remove
the pot, and set it aside somewhere, to drain.
If watering must be done in the window or
room, use a saucer under the pot, and give
water inside the pot until it is full to the top.
Let the water soak in, and any that runs out
at the drainage holes in the bottom will be
held in the saucer. Do not at once empty
this, but let it remain, with the pot standing
in it, for an hour. If the soil is loose in the
pot, water runs through it quickly, without
really watering; leaving it standing thus,
you give ample opportunity for the soil to
soak up a proper supply of water. But
don’t let water remain in the saucer indef-
initely. It prevents aération of the roots,
which is every bit as necessary as water.

BULBS IN THE HOUSE

If you acted on the advice given in the
September Gardener’s Reminder, you will be
ready with a stock of bulbs in pots for bloom
through the first two months of the year,
and before there is any opportunity for work
to be done outside. | Hyacinths, tulips, daf-
fodils that were potted in September, and
put under cover in the cellar, can be brought
into the light (and heat) about Christmas
week, or later, according to the time that
flowers are wanted. By bringing in several
pots, in succession, at intervals of a week
or ten days, flowers can be had from about
January 2oth until the outdoor spring flowers
appear. There is nothing difficult in this.
The pots, or boxes merely need digging up
from the ashes, and the bulbs will commence
to grow at once in a window garden where
they are not exposed to frost. On very
cold nights, or very wintry days, take them
away from the window.

The bulbs cannot help flowering, if you
give them a fair chance. The flower was
nestling down in it when you bought the
bulb, and is only too anxious to push itself
into the sunshine. Failures with bulbs are
always due to careless or improper treatment.

The most common fault of the window
garden is its irregularity ot temperature—
too warm in the day, and too cold at night—
especially the latter.

Good tulips for early forcing are Proserpine,
Yellow Prince, Chrysolora, Vermilion Bril-
liant, La Reine, Rose Grisdelin Cottage Maid.

Do not try to force double tulips until late
in February.

GETTING READY FOR EASTER

Next Easter day is March 31st. It is
quite possible for the window gardener to
force flowers for Easter. The easiest plants
to handle for this purpose are the hortensia,
(Hydrangea hortensis), and the florist’s

spirea (lstilbe Japonica). Sparaxis, ixia
and freesia, among the Cape bulbs, can also
be had easily.

Most people fail to grow the spirea because
they do not give it sufficient water. It must
be kept constantly moist. Buy roots as
early as possible in December. They may
be potted at once, or stored in a cool place—
a little frost will do no harm. Bring into
the warmth the latter part of January. Do
the same thing with the hydrangea. They
both need ten weeks from starting growth
until they flower.

ALSO BEFORE JANUARY FIRST

Begin forcing Easter lilies (Lilium longi-
florum, var. extmium)—bulbs brought in from
frames and pits as soon as possible can be
put in a cool house where not less than 45° is
maintained. Give a gradual increase of
about 2° or 3° a week until 60° is reached.
If by the end of February the buds are not
well developed, give a somewhat higher
temperature; even 75° will not hurt them.
The middle of December is late for forcing
lilies, but flowers can be had by Easter, if
all conditions are favorable.

AFTER JANUARY FIRST

Put into a cool house (40° to 45° night
temperature) pots and pans of ixia, ane-
mone, sparaxis, and other Cape bulbs, which
were potted as advised in the September
Gardener’s Reminder.

SEEDS TO SOW NOW

As early as possible this month sow seeds of
pansy, . lobelia, verbena, marguerite, car-
nation, snapdragon, petunia, daisy, forget-
me-not, wishbone plant (Torenia), impatiens,
silk oak, banana, as well as of all the plants
mentioned in Mr. Rockwell’s article on page
281 of this number. Carefully read that
article too, for it is the best description of
how to do the work that we know. The
perennials and annual bedding plants raised
from these early sowings will be in flower
by planting-out time in May. Buy a few
cactus seeds after reading Mr. Barnes’s
article on page 278. Cannas can be sown
now, or later.

THINK OF NEXT SUMMER’S BEDS

There is no more showy plant for outdoor
bedding in a shaded spot than the tuberous
begonia—it will grow best at the north side
of a house, or partially shaded by trees. If
you want large flowering plants by June,
sow seeds indoors now. Begonia semper-
florens, var. Fairy Queen, does much better
in partially shaded beds than in full sun.

Gloxinias (for indoor cultivation only) can
also be started in the greenhouse now.

ey

oe

pig eke RIO YN NI Aah tee

Cereus marginatus
Echinopsis multiplex

Representative desert plants of easiest cultivation in the window garden.

Cactuses as House Plants for the Busy Man—By Parker T. Barnes,

Opuntia purpurascens
Mesembryanthemum ficoides
Sempervivum tectorum

Euphorbia splendens

Opuntia Braziliensis, grafted
Anhalonium fissuratum

Gasteria linguiformis
All will survive as low a temperature as 35 degrees, if Kept dry

New
York

THE PECULIAR MERITS AND FASCINATION OF THESE QUAINT AND WEIRD DESERT PLANTS
AND THEIR REMARKABLE POWERS OF ADAPTATION TO VERY TRYING CONDITIONS

Fok the man or woman who has only a
few odd minutes to spare at irregular
intervals for plant cultivation the cacti and
some of the succulents will give the greatest
amount of satisfaction. Unlike most other
window plants they do not greatly resent
irregularities in watering. They have no
tender foliage to get damaged, or to
fall if conditions become unduly _ bad,
and they require less attention in the
matter of repotting into larger-sized re-
ceptacles than any ctler class of plants.
Their slow rate or growth is a_ posi-
tive advantage for the window gar-
dener, as a remarkably large assortment
can be kept in the same quarters for a

number of years without becoming unduly
crowded.

With very few exceptions indeed cactuses
are not grown for their flowers, but when
these do appear they are every bit as gorgeous
as many of the better known flowering plants,
and often indeed, with their intensely glow-
ing ruby and purple shades, they rival even
the most showy of the orchids. The flowers
are also very large in comparison with the
plants, and it is no unusual, thing to see“a
little plant three or four inches high in a pot
a trifle smaller, carrying two or three flowers,
each one of which is of almost the same size
as the parent stock.

Cactuses offer untold opportunities for

278

“house gardens.”’ Unfortunates who are con-
fined to city apartments, and whose only op-
portunity to keep growing plants is confined
to the living rooms or shelves in the window,
can easily accommodate two or three dozen
cactuses where there would hardly be space
for one good-sized Boston fern or a couple
of starved geraniums. ‘The little plants are
never in the way, and can be shifted about
easily as necessity demands; and though, of
course, hard usage is most undesirable, they
will survive the hundred and one accidents
and strains upon their vitality that would be
fatal to any other living thing. ‘Though the
cat may jump and knock them down with
such persistent regularity that the plants are

|
|

One of the dwarf growing echinocactuses. Tne
effect of the white scale-li\e markings on rich green
is very pretty. Echinocactus ornatus

tumbled out of their pots every few weeks,
they will still remain alive. I do not advo-
cate such maltreatment and neglect; cactuses,
like everything else, will give amazing re-
turns for attention that is just a little bit
better than the ordinary, and there is a
great personal satisfaction in being the pos-
sessor of something a little better than your
friends.

The only way to get flawless specimens is
to grow the plants yourself from seed, and the
process is simplicity itself. You can begin
at any time of year, with the absolute con-
fidence of producing plants of appreciable
size in twelve months, (of such genera as
Cereus and Opuntia). Plants that have
been collected in the wild will never present
the same even texture of surface and bright
green color, nor will they attain equal rapidity
of growth or live so long as plants raised in
cultivation, because their roots are damaged
in the removal.

For the purpose of the window gardener
cactuses may be grouped into these general
classes: (1) Tall; (2) Dwarf; (3) Vine-like.

In the first class are the Indian figs and
some species of the genus Cereus, but I
would hardly recommend them for the win-
dow garden, because they soon get so tall
that they are top heavy, and frequently
tumbling over.

GOOD TALL PLANTS

Only two of the tall growing kinds need be
included in the amateur’s window collection.
The Indian figs (Opuntia) have flat, round or
club-shaped stems, but they are usually flat,
and the joints either round or oblong in
shape. The rather large flowers are borne
singly on the upper edges of the young
growths, and are showy, the usual color
being yellow, but they may also be found in
various shades of red. One of the best of
this type to grow is O. microdasys, with
flowers two inches across, and greenish-
yellow in color.

A very interesting one, but more difficult
to grow, is the dwarf prickly pear (O.
crinijera also known as O. senilis). Instead
of spines, it has long, silky hairs, and must
be grown under a bell glass, if the hairs are
‘to be kept clean. It never attains a height of
‘more than about three feet.

In Mexico the organ cactus (Cereus
marginatus, also known as C. gemmatus)

IVER GrAR DEN) WAG A ZN Ie

Is used for hedges or fences. It is distinct
in appearance from others of its genus. The
stem is seldom over three inches in diameter,
with five or six very obtuse ridges, each of
which has a row of short, black spines, which
grow in bunches of seven to nine.

RED FLOWERS ALL WINTER

The commonest cactus in the window
garden, because it gives such a wealth of
bright flowers, is the crab cactus (Epiplyl-
lum truncatum). In its native country it
grows as an epiphyte, along with the orchids,
but it is grown on its own roots in soil, with
us. The best way, however, is to have a
plant grafted on Pereskia. The stems are
flat, resembling the claws of a crab, but they
become round and woody with age. Dur-
ing the winter each tip produces a pair of
brilliant flowers, ruby red, or varying toward
violet red, according to the variety. In
Europe there are many named varieties. It
is useful in suspended pots, or baskets, the
long stems hanging over the edges of the
pots. It flowers in the winter. Grow in
a soil made of equal parts of fibrous
loam, leaf mold, and sand, with some
finely broken charcoal or broken brick, for
drainage.

Another red flowered plant (but blooming
in June) is Phyllocactus Ackermann. Its
big flowers (four to six inches in diameter)
are like that of the night-blooming cereus,
(and it is grown in the same way) but they
are scarlet-red outside and carmine-red in-
side. It has flat stems, and grows only about
three feet high.

THE NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREUS TANGLE

The most popular of the vine-like cactuses
are several quite distinct plants, but all
popularly known as “‘night-blooming cereus.”’
Two genera are confused under this name—
Cereus and Phyllocactus. They make long,
straggly stems, which may be trained up
along the window cases or over trellises.
The stems of cereus have three to six angles,

_

A hundred different plants can be accommodated in an ordinary window garden.

The best way of growing cactuses—permanently
planted out where they can be Kept warm in winter.
Provide very free drainage and syringe daily

while the Phyllocactus stems are flat, the
ends looking like long, fleshy oak leaves.
All the cereus and the night-blooming phyl-
locactuses have large white flowers. They
expand just after sundown, and remain open
until the sun shines upon them the following
morning, when they collapse.

These plants need a richer soil than the
ordinary run of cactus. Give them a fibrous
compost, and mix some broken charcoal
with it, to insure good drainage.

A HANDFUL OF DWARF PLANTS

Regarded purely as window garden plants
the dwarf species—growing to about a foot,
or less—are the most desirable. They

Keep frost from them

One of the native prickly pears (Opuntia Rafinesquii,
from Colorado). The fruits are edible. Hardy

possess a great variety of queer forms, and
some are most viciously spiny.

One of the most peculiarly shaped is the
“bishop’s cap’? (Echinocactus myriostigma,
also known as Astrophytum myriostigma).
The outline of this plant is that of a flattened
globe, and at the most is only about five
inches in diameter. It has five or six very
prominent ribs, on the edges of which the
pale yellow flowers are borne. The surface
of the plant is more or less covered with a
white scale-like growth, which reminds one
of scale insects. This plant seems partic-
ularly prone to rot at the surface of the soil,
to avoid this it can be grafted on a cereus.

Of the same general type is the sea-urchin
cactus (Echinopsis). If it were not for the
ridges these plants would look like gourds
standing on their small ends. They some-
times reach a diameter of twelve inches, but
as grown in the window garden, rarely exceed
half that size. The stem has anywhere
from a dozen to eighteen sharp ridges,
thickly set with small spines along the edges.
The flowers are about six inches long,
trumpet-shaped, and either red, pink, or
white. The two most commonly grown
species are E. multiplex, with rose-red flowers,
but blooms seldom, and E. Eyriesit, which
has white flowers produced freely.

One of the most curious is the living rock
cactus (Anhalonium Engelmanni, known

in the trade as A. jissuratum), sometimes also
called ‘‘dry whiskey,”’ because a very strong,

The bishop's cap (Kchinocactus myriostigma) is a genu-
inely ‘‘spineless cactus.’ Often grafted to prevent rot

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

intoxicating drink is made by crushing the
plant and adding a little water.

Among the very smallest are the mamil-
larias, seldom growing over six inches high.
They get their name because they are coy-
ered with tubercles, instead of ridges. These
are usually set in rows which twist spirally
around the plants. On the end of each
tubercle is a cluster of small spines. The
flowers are small, and tubular shaped;
yellow, red, carmine or purple. In a month
or two after the flowers have disappeared a
little red fruit appears, and is far prettier
than the flower. Mammillaria bicolor is a
very handsome species, with white spines
which lie flat on the stem. In M. plumosa
and M. lasiacantha, the spines are like fine
white hairs. When grown under tumblers,
to keep the dust from collecting and soiling
the hairs, the plants look like bolls of cotton.

The “old man” cactus (Pilocereus senilis)
is another one of those curious fuzzy cactuses
needing protection from dust. ~ The hairs
are from two to five inches long. The

The gorgeous crimson flowers of the crab cactus
(Epiphyllum truncatum) appear in the winter time

flowers, which are seldom produced in culti-
vation, are four inches long, and red. Ina
pot this plant rarely exceeds a foot in height,
although it becomes a veritable tree in its
native haunts.

SOME COMPANION PLANTS

Some other desert plants which are not
cactuses, but needing practically the same
treatment, are usually associated with them
naturally. These are generally referred to as
“succulents.” Among them are the aloes
and the century plants (agaves).
gasterias we have plants with long, flat,
strap-shaped leaves, produced in two ranks.
They are dark green in color, and covered
with small white spots. The flowers are
of various shades of red, are one-half
inch to one inch long, tubular, and are
sparingly borne on a long stem which comes
from the middle of the plant.

The long spiny stems of the so-called
“crown of thorns” (Euphorbia splendens)
always excite interest. The plant has pretty,
bright red bracts, which are usually mistaken
for the flowers, and are borne at almost any
season of the year, but usually during the
winter months. It is desirable to train the
plant to some ornamental form, or it be-
comes unwieldy.

Among the fig-marigolds are several
curious and interesting plants. Some are
shrubby; some make long, slender growths

In the-

JANUARY, 1907

The strong spines of the Echinocactus are part of

the beauty of the plant. They are variously hooked

and twisted

suitable for hanging baskets, and others are
stemless, just a mass of leaves growing on
the surface of the ground. The leaves are
usually thick and watery. A particularly
good species for hanging pots or baskets is
Mesembryanthemum ficoides. Give these the
same treatment as the cactuses and all will
go well.

THE OLD-FASHIONED HOUSE LEEK

An extremely satisfactory plant which is
easily grown from seed or cuttings is the
showy sedum (Sedum spectabile). It grows
one and a half to two feet high. The leaves
are large (2x 3in.) and light green in color.
The flowers which vary from rose to purple
are half an inch across and bear in large, flat,
showy bunches. It will flower at almost any
season and lasts a long time in bloom. ‘This
and the next are admirable plants for growing
in city window gardens.

The stonecrop (Sedum acre) spreads over
the surface of a pot or box by its creeping
stems. It has the advantage over the other
plants I have mentioned in that it is hardy.
I have seen boxes of it on city window sills all
winter—the only green thing in sight.

A close relative of the sedums is found in
the houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum). The
glaucous, green leaves are borne in a rosette
which is three to four inches across. It is
grown for its foliage effect, not for its flowers.

The commonest night-blooming cactus. Really a

Phyllocactus but popularly called a Cereus. It has

flattened stems. Cereus has angular stems

Raising Your Own House Plants from Seed—By F. F. Rockwell,

Connec:

HOW TO MANIPULATE SEED PANS AND FLATS IN THE WINDOW GARDEN AND GROW A VARIED COLLECTION
OF FLOWERING AND FOLIAGE SPECIMENS FOR INDOOR ADORNMENT ALL THE YEAR—THE BEST PLANTS

IP ARY of the best house plants can be

raised from seed, in the ordinary
living rooms or where potted plants are kept
in a window during winter. It is a question

whether you actually save anything by rais-
ing your own plants; in all probability you
could get them as cheaply and as good, if
not better, from the florist, but there is no
question about the fun in growing plants
from the seed. There is a satisfaction in

Make a “flat” 12x 15x21-2 in. Over the drain-
age holes or cracks put broKen potsherds and moss
Or coarse screenings from the soil, then—

fill to within half an inch of the top with screened
soil, pack the corners, and add a layer of fine soil

having things all your own, and the work
offers engagement indoors at a time when
gardening work is slackest.

HOW TO START THE SEEDS

Where only a few plants are to be started,
unglazed pots or seed-pans are often used,
but much better success will be obtained by
the use of “flats.” To make these buy from
a grocery store some soap boxes. A con-
venient size is 12x15 inches. Cut them
into 24-inch sections and nail bottoms on
these taking care to leave cracks between
the boards or make four or five 1-inch holes
for drainage. The sides may be painted, if
they are to be used in the house. These
flats are better than pots both for start-
ing the seed and pricking off, as they

Sas

A home-made screen of mosquito netting is handy
for preparing the “fine” top soil

save care in watering, room, time, and
trouble.

The flats being ready mix the soil. A good
seed soil is made from equal parts of fibrous
loam from the compost heap, sand and leaf
mold, wood’s earth, cr peat. The sand must
be sharp, such as a mason uses for mortar.
If sand cannot be had sifted coal ashes will
do very well as a substitute. Should these
ingredients not be available usea rich, light,
fibrous, garden loam.

Over the holes or cracks in the flats put
a 4-inch layer of broken potsherds, coal
clinkers, or gravel for drainage. Then run
through a sieve having three meshes to the
inch, part of the already mixed seed soil.
You will then have two lots of soil, one
coarse, the other fine. Spread a 34-inch
layer of the coarse material over the drain-
age material that is already in the flat and
on top of that, fill the flat to within half an
inch of the top with the fine, screened soil.
As you proceed be sure to pack the soil in the
corners and along the edges by means of your
hands, because if you do not, it will settle,
and the waterings will wash down the soil.
Firm the whole by means of a brick or board.

Make drills about two inches apart using
a piece of narrow board as a marker, merely
pressing it lightly into the soil for a quarter
inch or so. Sow the seeds thinly and evenly
in the drills, and cover lightly; the best way
to cover the seeds isto screen the soil on them
using a screen which has a mesh about the
size of that in mosquito netting. A good
rule to follow when covering seeds is to put
on a layer of soil which is as deep as the
diameter of the seeds. Sand, dry sphag-
num, cocoanut fibre, or leaf mold, which have
been rubbed through a fine screen, make very
good coverings for seeds. They never get
hard or bake, making an ideal covering—
light, easily pushed through by the tender
seed-shoots, and retentive of moisture.

Water the soil thoroughly after sowing.
The best way is to set the flat in a large pan
partly filled with water, allowing it to soak up
from below. This is better than overhead

Coarse screenings from the compost, to be used in
the bottom of flats and small pots
281

watering because no matter how fine a spray
is used it is liable to wash the soil. Another
way is to water through a sheet of blotting
paper. Place the blotting paper on top of
the seed bed and slowly apply the water,
allowing it to soak through the paper. The
drip is thus avoided.

Cover the box with a loose-fitting pane of
glass to keep a more humid atmosphere thus
reducing evaporation from the soil. Every-

Sow the seeds in drills made by a wooden marker
one-quarter inch wide

day remove the glass and wipe off any water
of condensation which may be on it. Place
the flat in a position where it will receive all
the light possible, but shade it from the
direct sun. If the window has a southern
exposure cover the seed flats with paper
during the sunny hours.

THE DETAIL OF ‘‘PRICKING OUT’’

As soon as the seedlings have made their
first two real leaves it 1s time to ‘‘ prick out”
into other flats, prepared similiarly to the
seed flat.

Pricking out is the first transplanting of
the seedlings, and needs to be done tenderly.
Do not try to take each single seedling from
the seedbed. Take out a portion of soil
which has a number of seedlings in it, lay it
on its side and gently separate the soil.

The dibble is a very useful tool for
this purpose. It is made from a small piece
of wood one-fourth or. three-eighths of an
inch square and about four inches long.

Cover the seed with a thin layer of fine soil and
firm with a smooth board

282

Make a tapering point—two inches long—
on oneend; the other should be drawn down
to an edge. This latter will be very useful
in separating the plants and firming the
soil about the seedling when it has been set
in the new soil.

Put in rows an inch or two apart, water
thoroughly, and shade for several days
from hot sun with newspapers. Do not
water again until the surface of the soil be-
gins to dry. Do not delay the pricking off,
do it just as soon as the littie seedlings can be
handled for they may all be lost by “‘damp-
ing off” or they may become drawn. Should
the seedlings begin to damp off apply some
hot sand, sprinkling it on with a fine-meshed
sieve.

As soon as the plants need still more room
prick them out singly into thumb (2-inch)
pots. When transplanting insert the plant-
let a little deeper than it was in the old bed.

THE FATAL FROST

All the plants named later in this article
can be grown in an ordinary window, where
ordinary living-room conditions — prevail.
The temperature should be from 50° to 55°
at night, and under no circumstances must
the freezing point be reached. The day
temperature, if you can control it, may be

allowed to rise 10° on dull days and 15° or
20° will do no harm when the sun shines.

During the winter have a care that none of
the leaves of the plants touch the glass
during the night or when there is frost out-

|
E
A poor sort of screening as drainage holes! An ash

sieve is used for screening the soil

An 8-inch pan with corse screenings, and drainage
topped with sphagnum moss, to prevent washing

l«

The same pan filled with soil, and ready for the seeds
—compare with first two figures on page 281

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
side because it will at least chill and maybe
kill them.

On very cold nights move the boxes or
pots away from the window and put news-
papers in front of the glass, but leaving
a dead air space between.

IS FEEDING NEEDED?

When the roots have well filled the pots,
the plants may need a dose of liquid manure—
plant fertilizer in solution or soot water.
But for the first year this is unnecessary, and
in any case should be done only during the
spring and summer when growth 1s active.
Cow manure is the safest article for the win-
dow gardener to use as there is no danger of
getting it too strong and burning the roots.
To make use about one bushel of manure
to a 50-gallon barrel of water. Soot water
is made by putting one-half pint of soft coal
soot to ten gallons of water, hard coal soot
is useless as a plant food.

RED BERRIES FOR CHRISTMAS

Nothing is easier for the owner of a sunny
window than to grow a few plants of the Jeru-
salem cherry (Solanum Psuedo-Ca psicum), as
the spare room is needed only when the
weather gets warm outside. I don’t know of
a more generally satisfactory Christmas plant
either. It is symmetrical, full of bright red
berries, and can easily be had with a head
a foot in diameter for the holidays from
seeds sown during winter or spring. The
“cherries” hang on for three months.

Sow the seeds in February, and as the
plants fill their pots with roots, shift to a
slightly larger pot. qg

During summer, plunge them in a shady
place outdoors, and give plenty of water.
By pinching back, and turning, the plants
may be kept symmetrical. When taken in
the house in the fall, see that they get plenty
of air and plenty of water at the roots, and
syringe the foliage. Be careful about water-
ing while the fruit is setting and ripening,
which will be in November and December.
To carry the plants over from one year to the
next, cut back the old plants in the spring,
and give the same treatment as they had the
previous summer.

A PLANT FOR BASKETS

The best decorative plant for shelves,
baskets, or hanging baskets is the foliage
asparagus (A. Sprengerz). Its foliage is much
coarser than that of the fine-leaved aspar-
agus (A. plumosus), somewhat resembling
light, glossy-green pine-needles, stuck end-
wise upon viney stems. But its branches
hang down gracefully on all sides, and make
a handsome, symmetrical plant. If kept
growing freely all summer the plant will
produce an abundance of red berries about
Christmas time, making a welcome addition
at that season.

VINES THAT FLOWER ALL WINTER

I think no plants are more artistic, more
beautiful for room decoration than the
climbing vines. The fact that they are so
seldom used for this purpose gives them an
added distinction. For myself, I prefer the

JANUARY, 1907

ivies, on account of their simple strength and
grace; and they are best got at the florist’s.
But several good house vines are best raised
from seed. ‘The cup-and-saucer-flower (Co-
bea scandens), and Thunbergia alata, with
its varieties, are the best two flowering vines
for the house. The former has purple, bell-
shaped flowers, two inches across, the latter
having, according to the variety, blooms of
golden yellow, rich orange, white and blue,
or pure white, with white or dark centres, and
about one and one-half inches across. Both
these plants are perennials, but are often
grown as annuals. They are easily raised
from seed, are strong, rapid growers, and
have very decorative foliage.

If seeds are sown early in the year—
January or February—the plants can be used
outdoors during the summer, and in Septem-
ber may be cut back, dug up, and potted for
the window garden. By making successive
sowings once a month until the end of May,
the Thunbergia may be had in bloom all
winter. The Coboea seeds must always be
set edgewise in the ground.

VINES GROWN FOR FOLIAGE

The smilax of the florists (Asparagus
medeoloides, also known as Myrsiphyllum
asparagoides) is also one of the best vines

A pot needs more drainage than a flat or pan, be-
cause it is deeper and holds more soil

Two inches of coarse drainage is not too much
to provide for an 8-inch pot

190%

JANUARY,

&

the fragrant blooms can be had all winter.

for the amateur’s window garden. Planted
in boxes, it can be trained to the window
cases. The shaded places in the window
garden are admirably adapted to its neces-
sities, so it can be used where other green
plants refuse to grow. The plant will make
a growth ten feet long, and must have a
string to climb upon. ‘The foliage is a dark,
glossy green, and there are single white
flowers in winter, which are very fragrant.
The seeds must be sown in January or Feb-
ruary, and when the young plants are two
or three inches high, and are making their
characteristic leaves, transplant them singly
to 2-inch pots. In My they will need
shifting to 3-inch pots.

The best basket plant for the house (Asparagus
Sprengeri)- Easily raised from seed sown as soon as

ripeo Has bright red berries at Christmas

July is the time when the florists plant
them out in beds in the greenhouse, but in
the window garden, where a bed is not pos-
sible, I use a long, narrow box, six inches wide,
as much deep, and two feet long. In this
there are planted five plants. This is a
little closer than the florists plant them, but
as I have only a single row, it gives them
plenty of room for development. The soil
should be very rich—a fibrous loam, to
which is added half-rotted cow manure and
sand, one part each to three parts of loam.
The strings must be arranged just as soon as
the seedlings are planted. The best material
for this, because of its strength and color,
is the green smilax string used by the florists.
from whom it can be bought. Should you
desire to use the smilax for festooning else-
where about the house, the strings with the
twining vine may be cut, and the roots will
immediately start a new growth of stem.
Make a new sowing of seed each year, as it
does not pay to hold the plants over from
one year to another. This will succeed
where the night temperature is from 50°
to 65°.

ASPARAGUS THIRTY FEET HIGH

The most popular of the so-called as-
paragus ferns, (A. plumosus, var. nanus) may
be trained in vine form too. I have seen this
dwarf growing to the height of thirty or forty
feet, with great stems like tangled creepers
ina jungle. This is the best variety, because
it can be used for short sprays, as a decora-

Cherry pie, or heliotrope, is the best all-purpose plant for the window gardener. From seed sown in January flowers will be had in July, and from later sowing
Never permit heliotrope to become dry at the roots

tive pot plant, or as a vine. There is no
foliage more beautiful than the delicate,
light-green, feathery sprays of this asparagus,
and yet, in spite of its fairy-lace appearance,
when cut it keeps both its color and freshness
for a very long time.

This plant is a slow grower, and it is im-
portant to have fresh seed. Sow in a gocd,
light seed soil—i. e. one having plenty of
leaf mold and sand in it. When the young
plants begin to make good root growth,
transplant to 3- or 4-inch pots. This size
pot will be sufficiently large for the plants
all next winter. If the growth is too long

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a
eens rics

nome

Soa Sas TRE Koen : ——

Asparagus plumosus, the best fine-foliage plant. Takes
two years to attain this size from seed

204

Mignonette. This yellowish-green flower is unat-
tractive, but most fragrant. Better spikes are grown
in the window garden than outdoors

and straggly, pinch back, as is necessary.
In the summer time you must decide how
you wish to grow the plants—as dwarfs,
or as vines.

To grow a handsome pot plant which can
be used for decoration anywhere in the house,
shift the young plants to a 5- or 6-inch pot,
and use a good, rich, but well-drained soil.
When the new growths are a foot or so long
pinch out the end. This will keep the plant
dwarf and shapely.

To grow as a vine, plant in boxes just like
smilax, and be very particular that the soil
and boxes are well drained.

The seeds of this asparagus are expensive,
because it does not fruit freely.

IN FLOWER ALL THE YEAR

Of course you will want flowers, as well as
green foliage. Perhaps the very best all-
purpose flowering plant is Primula obconica,
var. grandiflora, which is not tender, and
blooms the whole twelve months. It is the
most graceful of all primroses. Its large,
single flowers are borne in clusters on the
tops of stems which are four to ten inches
high, and their pale white cheeks just tinged
with blue or blushed with rose. In well-
grown specimens the indrvidual flowers are
often an inch and a half across. The leaves
are almost round, sometimes four inches in
diameter, borne on long stems, and forming
a rosette supporting the flower stalks. The
hairs on the leaves are irritating or poisonous
to some people, which accounts to some ex-
tent for the plant not being more popular.
Certainly it will grow in a more varied range
of temperature, and flower longer than any
other house plant.

Sow the seed any time from January to
March. It may be sown later, but unless you
have a coldframe in which to shade the seed-
lings, the young plants will be more dif-
ficult to manage. By May the seedlings
should be ready for thumb-pots. A few days

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

after potting, give abundance of air—though
keep shaded—and never allow them to get
dry. Syringe on bright mornings, and after
the middle of September keep at a tempera-
ture of about 50° at night. In_ potting
and repotting—they will require several
shifts—take care not to press in too firmly
about the roots, and not to cover the crowns
of the plants.

FLOWERS FOR FRAGRANCE

The one plant which will give the greatest
amount of satisfaction on more distinct
counts than any other in the window is the
cherry pie ({elioltropum Peruvianum). The
beautiful purple color of the flowers combined
with the sweet spicy perfume (whence its
English name) and the long period of bloom
combine to make this an ideal window
garden plant.

Originally the heliotrope flowers were

For flowers all the year rouud grow Primula obconica.
The foliage is poisonous to some people

violet colored and borne in trusses about two
inches across, but now, after much improve-
ment by breeding, they are also to be found in
several shades of purple and even white,
and the individual trusses six inches across.
Grown in pots or boxes a plant will ul-
timately cover a space about eighteen

inches square, and attain a height of a foot’

or fifteen inches.

If you want to do something a little un-
usual grow a few of the plants to a tree form
by the method described in the April GARDEN
MAGazInE, page 142. When handled this
way four crops of flowers can be had from
one plant from May to October. Such
plants are extremely useful for hall and
porch decoration.

Sow the seeds at any time from February
to May and grow the plants in pots all sum-
mer, as the heliotrope objects to removal or
any interference with its roots.

If the plants are kept in the dwelling house
during the summer, give as cool and moist
an atmosphere as possible, for though they
like sunlight, too much dry heat will scorch
both leaves and flowers. Pinch back the
plants wanted for winter flowers so as to give

JANUARY, 1907

them a stecky form and to prevent them
from making flowers in the summer. If
possible plunge them outside in the flower
border, turning them once in a while to pre-
vent their rooting through the hole in the
bottom of the pot. Take into the house
upon the approach of cold weather. Plung-
ing means planting pot and all in the soil,
up to the rim. This keeps the roots cool.

Measured by fragrance alone I believe
that the mignonette (Reseda odorata) is by
far the best window plant for home raising.
The pyramidal flower heads are unattractive
in color but they exhale a most delicious odor
—there is nothing else just like it.

Mignonette is very hard to transplant; in-
deed it is impossible to do it without giving
the plants a check, and the secret of grow-
ing good mignonette lies in growing it on
without a check at any stage of its growth.
For winter bloom sow the seeds in July,
August, or September. July-sown seed will
bloom in November. Instead of sowing in
flats sow directly in pots.

Prepare as described for flats as many
2-inch pots as you wish plants to grow.
Make a slight depression in the soil in the
centre of each and drop into it two or three
seeds, covering lightly with soil. When the
seed has germinated (about two weeks)
thin to one plant to a pot, retaining the
strongest. When the pot has become filled
with roots shift to 4-inch pots and as soon as
these are full of roots shift to 8-inch pots.
When giving this last shift put a 2-inch layer
of drainage. Be very careful not to over-
water or the soil will sour, but on the other
hand mignonette must never get dry—that
would cause a check. For the same reason
never allow the plants to become pot bound.

The old-fashioned snapdragon (Antirshinum majus)
has gorgeous flowers of yellow, white, or crimson.
Sow seeds now, plant outdoors for flower all sum=
mer; lift and cut back for winter bloom

The true Euonymus Steboldianus, Known to nurserymen as &, Yeddoensis. Pink cap-
sules, orange berries and grayish-brown seeds which are not always covered

The berries of this species remain attractive a long while. E. Bungeanus. Fruit
: pinkish. Seeds whitish or pinkish

Every Euonymus Worth Growing—By John Dunbar and Wilhelm Miller

THE APTLY NAMED ‘‘BURNING BUSHES,’’ WHOSE EXTRAORDINARY TWO-COLORED BERRIES GIVE LIFE AND

BEAUTY IN THE DEAD OF WINTER—ALSO AN

EVERGREEN VINE THAT IS HARDIER THAN ENGLISH IVY

{Nore—This is the fourteenth of a series of “Little Monographs” which consti‘ute a protest against the universal habit of describing one species after another in alpha-

betscal order, using high-sounding botanical phrases and never telling what good a plant 1s.

the “key” or purchaser's guide shows at a glance the comparative merits of each species, instead of prating about oblanceolate leaves and hairs on the stamens.

In this series the aim 1s to give vivid pen portraits of plant personalities, and

Who would

like to study in this spirit irises, day lilies, species of peony, perennial lupines, asters, sedums? We can furnish the photographs and botany, tf you will grow the plants

and take notes.|

NYONE who wishes to make his home
grounds more cheerful and attractive
in the dead of winter should have a collection
of “burning bushes.” Because of the aston-
ishing brilliancy of their berries and their
peculiar two-colored effect, one does not care
for great masses of them. But nothing could
be more entertaining than to have one of
each kind. There are thirteen species worth
having, and the entire collection would only
cost about ten dollars. It ought to furnish
about $100 worth of solid satisfaction during
the dark and trying days of winter.

These burning bushes have the same sort
of berry as the bitter-sweet. The husk or
capsule of the bitter sweet is orange-colored
and the berry inside is scarlet. The berries
shrivel considerably in a warm room, but
remain brilliant all winter. The fruit of
euonymus is still more extraordinary because
the capsule is always a different and con-
trasting color from the berry, which is gener-
ally orange colored. The capsule is either
scarlet, pink, purple, yellowish, or white.
Vivid as they are, the fruits are more or less
hidden by their own foliage or overpowered
by the splendor of the autumn colors of the
landscape, but after the leaves have fallen

the berries of Euonymus stand out with
startling vividness. And whereas most ber-
ried shrubs lose their attractiveness before
the holidays, the burning bushes still “burn”
in January and some of them even later.
For this reason we might adopt the name
‘“‘burning bushes” for the whole group, since
we sadly need an English equivalent for
euonymus.

The pendant, long-stalked, berries of
Euonymus are the ear-rings of the vegetable
kingdom, and, to tell the truth, some of them
might be considered ‘‘loud”’ if used too freely,
especially those whose pink capsules border
on the magenta. But outdoors, in winter,
we are thankful for every bit of color we can
get.

What we have called “berry” is botan-
ically an ‘‘aril,”’ i.e. a fleshy outgrowth from
the seed near the scar or hilum. In many
species of Euonymus, the aril is so large that
it covers the seed entirely. In others the
seed is conspicuous and adds a third color
to the fruit. The seeds are usually white,
sometimes black or scarlet.

All the spec‘es are shrubs, but five of them
also take on the form of a small tree.

The flowers of Euonymus are inconspic-

285

uous, greenish, whitish, or purplish, and
attract no attention.

I. The Six Tall Species

The six species first described grow fifteen
feet high, or more, some of them attaining
an extreme height of thirty feet.

The warty branched euonymus (&. verrucosus).
Capsules yellowish red; berry orange; seeds black

286

|

The winged euonymus (EF, aiatus), showing the re-
marKable corky wings on the branches

The paragraphs are numbered to corre-
Spond with the Purchaser’s Guide on page
302.

TWO WITH BRILLIANT AUTUMN FOLIAGE

1. The common burning bush (£. atro-
purpureus) is one of five plants that are
called ‘‘Waahoo.” Although ‘‘Waahoo”’ is
an Indian word, it is just the sort of shout
that a lusty young American might emit at
the first sight of this glowing coal amid the
snowy landscape. ‘The name atropurpureus
refers to the dark purple color of the flowers
which distinguish it from all other species
here described. The capsules are whitish
pink, berries orange-red, seeds white. The
autumn foliage is bronzy red. This species
grows wild as far north as western New
York. It blooms in June.

2. Hamilton’seuonymus (£. Hamiltonianus)

The climbing euonymus (E. radicans) 1s probably the hardiest evergreen vine.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

is, according to Rehder, one of those species
in which the seed is not wholly covered by
the berry, thus adding a third color to the
fruit. In this case the seeds are grayish-
brown. In our plants, however, the seeds
are pale gray, and they are not exposed at all.
The Himalayan form is not so desirable as
the Manchurian, being tender and having
yellowish capsules, while the Manchurian
is hardy and has pink capsules. It has
yellowish flowers with purple anthers in June.
Southerners will be glad to know of its im-
portant variety semipersistens, which holds
its bright green foliage until mid-winter and
has bright pink iruits that ripen very late.
This is the plant known to the tradeas E.
Sieboldianus.

FOUR WITHOUT BRILLIANT AUTUMN LEAVES

3. The broad-leaved euonymus (E£. Jati-
folius) has perhaps the largest fruits of all,
about aninch wide and one-quarter inch long.
It has magenta capsules and is a native of
Southern Europe and Western Asia. It is
perfectly hardy. Flowers in June, seeds white.

4. The spindle tree (E. Europeus) is
so-called because its wood is used to make
spindles. This is the favorite tall species
and it has the most varieties. The capsule
is normally red, but there are varieties with
scarlet, whitish and deep purple capsules
and many shades of light red. This is th
species that is used as a tall, ornamental
hedge, but it is easy to shear off all the fruiting
branches, since these are of the current year’s
growth. It has yellowish flowers in May.
The autumn color of the foliage is dull green
and characterless.

5. The true £. Sieboldianus is the one
that the nurserymen call E. Yeddoensis. It
can be easily distinguished from Hamilton’s
euonymus by its larger and much _ broader
leaves. It resembles Hamilton’s species
in having pink capsules but the seed is scarlet
and the autumn foliage is not particularly
brilliant. The fruits of this species remain
attractive about six weeks.

od

It trails, or climbs twenty

feet high. Only a little hardier than English ivy

JANUARY, 1907

The climbing euonymus at Pittsburg, where the
English ivy is not hardy on walls

6. Bunge’s euonymus (E. Bungeanus)
is said by Mr. J. Woodward Manning to
retain its berries at Boston until March.
This would distinguish it from all other
species, but at Rochester the berries last only
six weeks or so. It resembles the Far
Eastern species described above (Hamilton-
ianus and Sieboldianus) in haying yellowish
or whitish flowers, with purple anthers, which
appear in June. It differs in having white
seeds. The capsules are pale pink. There
are two forms in cultivation. One has
graceful drooping branches; the other is
decidedly upright.

II. Four Species 6 to § Feet High

7. The autumn foliage of the winged
euonymus (£. alatus) is probably the most
brilliant red of all. This is the only species
that has the remarkable winged growth on
the branches as pictured on this page. These
winged branches are so conspicuous in winter
that the species is worth growing for this
feature alone. It is a Far Eastern species
with small, pale green capsules and (unlike
all the species here described) the fruit is,

_ according to Rehder, divided almost to the

base into four nearly separate pods. In our
experience, however, there are usually two
pods and often one. It is a spreading shrub,
with yellowish flowers borne in May or June.

8. The strawberry bush (EZ. Americanus)
gets its name from the odor of its flowers
which are yellowish or reddish green. It
has pink capsules, and grows wild from south-
ern New York to Texas. This species and the
running strawberry bush (E. obovatus) may
be distinguished from all others here des-
cribed by the minute warts on the capsules
and by having the floral parts in fives. The
others have smooth capsules and the floral
parts are generally in fours.

g. The warty branched euonymus (£.
verrucosus) is easily told from all others
by the peculiarity pictured on page 285.
Its branches are not as pretty as those of
the winged euonymus, but the fruits have
a yellowish red capsule and black seeds

JANUARY, 1907

which are not wholly covered by the orange
aril. Flowers brownish. Southeastern Eu-
rope and Western Asia. Hardy at Rochester
but never fruits there.

III. Two Dwarf. Species

to. The running strawberry bush (E.
obovatus) is perhaps the best ground cover
in the genus, especially in open shrubberies.
It also makes an excellent border for shrub-
beries. The stem lies down and takes root,
but the branches are erect and grow about
a foot high. It is probably hardier than the
common strawberry bush since it grows wild
from Kentucky to Canada. It has purplish
flowers in May.

11. The dwarf euonymus (E. nanus), ac-
cording to Rehder, forms a graceful small
tree with pendulous branches, when grafted
high on the spindle tree, but we have never
seen this form. Normally it grows only two
feet high and the branches arch over so much
that they often take root. This form is
desirable for rocky places. The capsule is
pink and the brown seeds are not wholly
covered by the orange aril. It is a Chinese
species, and has purplish flowers in May
or June.

TY Tike Te Evergreen Species

There are two species that are valued more
for their evergreen foliage than for their
fruits. One is a beautiful Southern shrub
and the other is a moderately hardy vine.

12. The Japanese evergreen euonymus (EL.
Japonicus) is a shrub attaining eight feet
that has pink capsules and a number of
varieties with rather gaudily variegated
leaves. Of the green varieties there are
large and small-leaved forms and one with
columnar habit. It is not hardy north of
Richmond, Va.

12. The climbing euonymus (E. radicans)
is probably the hardiest evergreen wall-cover.
It is the best substitute for English ivy
in a climate that is naturally hostile to
broad-leaved evergreens, as is the whole
country east and north of St. Louis and
Washington, D. C. Unfortunately it is not
enough hardier than the English ivy to
warrant one in spending a small fortune
on it. Nevertheless, an evergreen vine is
so extremely desirable, even if we can have
only a suggestion of its dark, rich color, that
every one who has a brick or stone house
ought to try it. It will grow fifteen or
twenty feet high.

Moreover, it is a capital trailer, being
frequently used as a ground cover in partial
shade, where it is, of course, hardier. It has
this drawback, however, as a carpeting plant,
especially in a formal garden: its vinous
blood goes to its head occasionally, and it
humps up at intervals in a rather unsightly
fashion.

The climbing euonymus is considered by
botanists merely as a northern variety of (E.
Japonicus, but-horticulturally we must con-
sider it a distinct species. It is probable
that Northern grown vines of the climbing
nearly separate pods (R); often one pod
(D). Fruit divided almost to base into four

GARDEN MAGAZINE

THE

euonymus may prove hardier than Southern
grown.

Mr. Dunbar’s observations differ some-
what in a few particulars from those reported
by Mr. Rehder in the “Cyclopedia of
American Horticulture” and a note of these
points is here made:

The different observers are indicated as
followers: R = Rehder, D = Dunbar.

E. alatus. Capsule purplish (R); pale green
usually divided into two (D).

=

x»

The spindle tree (E. Europaeus).

2

287

E. atropurpureus. Capsules scarlet (R);
pink (D). Autumn foliage yellow (R); bronzy
red (D).

E. Bungeanus.
pale pink (D).

E. Europeus. Capsule pink (R); dark red
(D). Autumn foliage splendid (R); green
and characterless (D).

E. Hamiltonianus.

Capsule yellowish (R);

Seeds not wholly cov-

ered by aril (R); not exposed (D). Seeds
grayish brown (R); pale gray (D)..

Pink husks and orange berries. Favorite species

Siebold’s euonymus (E, Sieboldianus). Capsules pink; berries orange; seeds scarlet. japan

Mending Old Trees—By J. Watson,

New
Jersey

THE SIMPLE ART OF PUTTING NEW VIGOR INTO OLD SPECIMENS THAT CANNOT BE REPLACED —
MAKING REPAIRS AFTER INJURY FROM STORMS AND DISEASE, AND BRIDGE GRAFTING FOR NEW BARK

sae art of maintaining vigor in a_ tree
that has attained its full development
differs essentially from that which concerns
itself with the shaping of the young one. In
young trees pruning is done with the special
purpose of developing a well-formed head to
the tree; but in after years, the whole ob-
ject of pruning is to maintain health and
prevent as far as possible the attacks of dis-
ease, at the same time overcoming the re-
sults of injury and accident.

Most of the “‘accidents” that happen to
old trees are the results of improper treat-
ment or negligence during their youth.

REMOVING LARGE LIMBS

Most fertile of all causes is the careless re-
moval of limbs that have attained a diameter
of a few inches. The best way to maintain
health and vigor in the old tree is to see that
when pruning is done on the young tree
no stubs are left to rot and open up a channel
for the entrance of fungous diseases or insects.

When removing a large branch, cut as

This old apple tree has been given a new lease of life.

close as possible to the trunk. The cut
should begin from underneath, and after
having sawn through about one-third of the
way, begin with making a fresh cut on the
upper side of the branch, and a few inches
farther away from the trunk than where the
first or lower cut was started. In dealing
with a large or heavy branch, if this double
cut is not made there is sure to be an ugly
split when the branch is sawn nearly through
from the top. It will fall by its own weight,
and tear wood and bark from the trunk.
The projecting stub must not be left thus.
It should be again cut back so as to make
an even plane with the trunk of the tree, and
the surface smoothed off with a chisel, and
immediately coated over with some anti-
septic or preservative material. Any com-
mon paint is good; Bordeaux mixture may
be used; but the best and often handiest pre-
servative is coal tar. It repels insects, pre-
vents the entrance of fungous diseases, is
waterproof, and its dark color, hiding the
white, newly cut surface of the wood, com-

The rotted Knot holes were scraped out to live

wood, painted, and filled with cement

288

pletely removes all appearance of the work
that has been done.

HOLES AND HOLLOW TRUNKS

An unshortened stub, or one that has not
been antiseptically treated, although properly
shortened, will, unless the diameter of the
cut is not more than two or three inches,
inevitably rot, and form an ugly hole.
Most trees that are split by the wind exhibit
hollowness from some such sauree. If you
have a tree with a cavity of this nature in its
trunk, it can be saved for a great many years
yet by thoroughly scraping out all the de-
caying surface matter, cutting away until
live tissue is reached, then either painting or
burning out the inside, and plugging up the
hole by a piece of wood, or filling in with
cement.

Old trees will very often have an A-shaped
cavity at the base. The rot in this case
works very slowly, as the disease does not
travel upward so easily as it will work
downward, and often indeed a tree will
endure until its existence is ended, as a
result of some other trouble. It is merely
a question of time, however, when the heart
wood will be entirely eaten up by the decay,
and nothing but the shell of living bark stands
to carry an over-heavy top. An unusually
heavy windstorm finds such a tree an easy
victim, especially if the branches are in full
leafage. There is no need to despair, how-
ever, even though a tree be thus ancient and
hollow. An entirely artificial heart can be
put in. After having assured yourself that
the interior has been thoroughly cleaned out,
fill it up solid with cement, concrete, or even
bricks and mortar. Build it up tight and
well, and you will have a specimen that will
defy the strongest storm that ever blew.

THE BROKEN CROTCH

An evenly divided head—that is, where
there are two leaders to a tree—is an ever-
present source of danger. It will split.
Sometimes, asa result of a hollow formed in
the angle, rot will start and gradually hollow
out the trunk. Two things must then be
done. First, the thorough cleansing and
filling of the hole, and second, the bolting
or bracing of the divergent limbs. Don’t
make the brace too near the crotch. It will
be much more effective if it is several feet
away from the crotch. The method of
bracing is very important, and usually it
is very badly done. The easiest way to
brace the two limbs is to fasten a chain or
cable around one, and extend it to the other,
fastening it around that also. Mechan-
ically, the desired result is attained. But
something more than mechanics must be
considered—the very habit of growth of the
tree makes this method of bracing a sure
forerunner of speedy death. As growth
proceeds, and the limbs attain greater size,
the inelastic chain or cable will cut into the

it
|
i
I}
||

limbs are braced together, and the split live bark

This crotched oak split almost tothe ground. The

Covering a big wound with new bark. Instead of
waiting years for the bark tu close over; strips are
cleft grafted

treated with tree wax, to make a new union. The
wood inside will never unite

Cement used for filling a split trunK must not ex-
tend over the live edge of the bark. If it does, the
growth of the bark will generally push out the filling,
leaving room for disease to enter. The ideal is to
have the cement surface just low enough for the bark
to grow over it

First steps to a bad hole. A stub was left when
the branch was taken off, and the end left unpaint-
ed. Compare with the lower right hand picture on
this page

Bridge grafting a large wound after removing a
branch. Young growing twigs with wedge-shaped
ends are inserted in spring, and waxed, as in ordinary
grafting. They will eventually unite

- Se 3 ae i> He | NS

Right and wrong way of bracing. The lower brace A successful case of cementing. Compare this A perfect heal. The branch was cut off close, no

passing around each limb cuts into the bark, and with that shown in the illustration above, where too stub left, the end smoothed and painted, and the
girdles them. The upper rod passes through the limb much material was used bark quickly closed over it

RIGHT AND WRONG WAYS OF STOPPING DECAY AND REPAIRING INJURY IN MATURE TREES

A common sight in neglected orchards.

bark and effectually “girdle” it. Inasmuch
as the actual feeding of the tree takes place
through the downward flow in the outer
layers of the trunk (the bark), the effect of
girdling or severing the bark in a complete
circle is merely starvation to the lower part of
the tree. Above the girdle the branch will
appreciably increase in size, below it re-
mains as it was. Fortunately, there is little
likelihood of the girdle becoming absolute,
as the bark will grow over and around the
cause of the constriction in most cases. But
sometimes it is effective, and the roots of the
tree die in the course of a few years. These
girdled limbs are easily broken by high

winds or storms.
HOW TO FASTEN

Bolt the crotch. Do not support it by
bands or chains. And there are right and
wrong ways of bolting. The best way in
fully grown trees is to bore a hole with an
auger through both limbs, directly opposite
each other, and pass through them an iron
rod which fits snugly. This rod should be

This old apple tree is capable of bear-
ing big crops of fruit, but it needs mending first

secured by a nut on each end, and sometimes
a plate is used below the nut, to give greater
security. If the nut alone is used on a still
rapidly growing tree, the bark will gradually
close over it, and the ends of.the rod will. be
lost to sight. This makes a neat appear-
ance, and is in every way satisfactory. On
old trees, or on mature limbs, where any
appreciable increase of girth cannot reason-
ably be expected, it will be better to counter-
sink the head of the rod at each end, finishing
off with a dressing of paint, filling the cavity
with cement, and finishing off the surface to
harmonize with the bark of the tree. One
of the illustrations at the bottom of page 289,
shows the right and wrong methods of bolting.
Another satisfactory method, where the de-
caying crotch has been filled in with cement,
is shown at the top of the same page. This
latter treatment can be applied when it is
desired to retain a branch that has been
broken down, but which is not entirely
severed from the trunk. As a rule, how-
ever, a better result in years to come will be
had from the immediate removal of the

a >

Never uncover the roots of an uld established tree when grading—the risk is too great, even if anchorage
alone is considered. Build up a retaining wall, like this

290

Remove the root suckers and all the water sprouts.
cannot develop freely, and encourage short, strong growth

Clean out all wood that

broken branch and encouragement of fresh
growth. It will develop very rapidly.

COLD SPLITS IN YOUNG TREES

As a result of excessively cold weather,
young fruit trees will often split perpen-
dicularly along the trunk. The bark must
be induced to grow again by cutting back
into the clean growing tissue, and treating the
surface of the wound that is exposed to the
air just the same as is done for surfaces ex-
posed by cutting or pruning. If this is
attended to in the early spring, the wound
should heal completely in a year, and the
tree will live to a healthy old age, quite in-
dependently of this accident. If neglected,
however, a wound of this nature is likely to
become troublesome in so short a time that
the owner of the tree will never need to con-
cern himself with the art of mending old
ones.

The treatment above described should also
be given to any large trees that have been
struck by lightning. we

~ BRIDGE GRAFTING

Professional horticulturists often resort
to what is known as bridge grafting to secure

-a quick, new growth of bark over a large-

sized wound. Ifa branch having a diameter
of nearly a foot is removed, it will take several
years before the new growth of the bark will
completely cover it. The result can be
hastened by taking cions and sharpening
each end, as for cleft grafting, and inserting
them under tie bark, where they will make a
union. Grafting wax should be applied at
the point of union, in order to keep out water.
These cions will quickly cover the exposed
surface, making a perfect union. Repairs to
old trees are best done any time during the
winter because of the absence of foliage.
Bridge grafting is best done in the spring
time, when growth is most active, and the
whole detail of chopping, cleaning, and re-
pairing is perhaps more conveniently and
better done in January than at any other time
of the year. If it is not done in the very
early spring, attend to it in November, be-
fore the advent of heavy frosts.

Making the Most of a Fern Ball—By L. J. Doogue,

Boston,
Mass.

WHY THIS JAPANESE IS AN EXCELLENT WINDOW PLANT—EASY RULES FOR KEEPING ONE THRIFTY
AND GREEN FOR YEARS—A NOVEL SCHEME FOR A TABLE DECORATION WITH CUT FLOWERS

HE fern ball is made of the creeping
stems of the hare’s-foot fern (Davallia
bullata), wound tightly around a central
core or ball of moss, which must be kept
wet at all times if the fronds are to be kept
green.

The ferns, besides coming in balls, are
made to represent all sorts of conventional
forms, and can be used in fantastic decora-
tions, and if given proper care, in the simple
manner described, will afford one of the

oe

lf you buy a new one punch holes in it with a stick
and place in a pail of water for several hours

Suspend the newly started plant in a light, sunny window free from gas.
Spray the foliage daily and give a thorough watering frequently

Photographs by the author

most easily managed plants for house
decoration.

The ball reaches the stores about Decem-
ber of each year, and as generally man-
aged is of no use after its one season of
growth. Usually it is taken home, watered
sparingly, day by day, as it hangs suspended
in the window, and, by the following spring
when its feathery fronds begin to drop, it is
taken down, and put into the cellar, or left
in some out of the way corner, and ne-
glected.

It can be kept in a growing condition for
years, with very little care. If it isalready
in growth when taken home, give it a thor-
ough soaking with water. Do not be con-
tent with merely syringing it, but plunge
it bodily into a pail of water, and let it re-
main there for a couple of hours or more.
Then, after removing it, hang it ap where the
superfluous water may drain off before it is
taken into the window. From time to
time after this, syringe it regularly every
day, and frequently give it a similar soaking.

HANDLING THE OLD BALL

If you have an old fern ball which has
not been killed by neglect in summer, bury
it in the ground or in a coldframe for a
month or two before it is brought indoors.
It will then start up, and be as handsome
as ever. If you have stored it in a musty
dry cellar, where it has been baked and dried
since spring, don’t waste your time on it,
for it is simply dead. Buy a new fern

291

ball this winter, and take care of it prop-
erly.

After burying, the plants can be brought
into the house, and will start slowly into
growth. A greenhouse is the best place,
and if you haven’t one of your own, you
may send the ball to the florist. The start-

ing may be accomplished ina Wardian case,
but the fern must be gradually hardened
off to the drier air outside.

Bury the old fern ball in a coldframe for eight
weeks before taking it indoors for the winter season.
Never let it dry out at any time of the year

The fern ball can be used as a base for cut flowers in a table centrepiece.
The green foliage Keeps perfectly fresh

Growing Peaches in the Greenhouse—By I. L. Powell,

New
York

AN UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR THE AMATEUR—A PROFESSIONAL GARDENER WITH REPUTATION FOR ‘“‘FRUIT UNDER
GLASS’’ TELLS HOW TO RAISE PEACHES WEIGHING THREE QUARTERS OF A POUND AND HAVE THEM RIPE BY JUNE Isr

JT IS perfectly practical for the amateur

with only one greenhouse to enjoy the
luxury of such luscious peaches and plums as
are unknown outdoors, and at a time of the
year, too, when outdoor fruits cannot be had.
Under glass, peaches and plums may be had
easily for four months, beginning in June, by
a judicious selection of varieties (a list is
given on page 304) and putting the trees into
heat at proper intervals. A house 50 x 20 ft.,
accomodating say sixteen trees, will give a
fair supply, while from a house 100 x 20 ft.,
an abundant supply may be had. The best
results will be had when a whole house, or
entire section at least, is devoted to them, and
the trees planted out permanently, but if you
have only one greenhouse,
trees in tubs or pots may be
successfully handled with
other plants, always pro-
vided that they require the
same temperature.

Trees that have been
growing in pots or tubs may
be planted at any time of the
year. If taken from the
pen ground they should be
planted in the fall, or early
spring. Allow space for a
spread of six to ten feet on
each side of the tree.

For permanently planted
trees, the time that the fruit
is desired has an important
bearing upon the position
of the house—thus, for early
forcing, it should face the
south ; for late fruit, it
should face east and west;
that is, an even span run-
ning north and south.

If the site is not natur-
ally well drained, put in a
t-foot layer of _ stone,
broken bricks, or old mortar
rubbish, with tile drains
running through, and car-
ried to some lower level.
Land that is sloping, and
underlaid with sand, gravel,
or slate rock, will not require any drainage.

HOME-MADE FORCING TREES

Generally the fruit trees used for green-
house culture are bought from nurserymen
who make a specialty of importing them from
Europe, where they are specially grown for
greenhouse planting and training. Good
trees, however, may be raised in your own
garden. Buy from some reliable nurseryman
early in the spring, trees of the desired
varieties in 3-to 4-foot sizes. Plant them
out of doors, where they may be culti-
vated and watered, and cut back to eighteen
or twenty-four inches. They will make
strong, firm growth under this treatment,

treme thinning.

and may be taken up and put in pots or tubs
in the fall before severe weather sets in.
These will also make first class trees for
planting in borders permanently.

If the trees are in tubs, store for the winter
in some reasonably dry building, where the
temperature does not fall lower than 10° F.
The following year they may be grown out of
doors in some place convenient for watering,
syringing, etc., and will be ready for forcing
the winter or spring following. During this
preparatory period they will be benefited
by feeding with manure water, and also by
a mulch of manure toward the end of the
summer. If well cared for they will be in

good condition for producing fruit at any

A twelve ounce fruit of Lady Palmerston peach, the result of growing under glass, and ex:
One of the best late varieties, ripening indoors in September

time. They can be stored as directed for
the previous year, and taken into the green-
house as required.

FEEDING FUTURE CROPS

Trees planted in borders prepared as
directed, will require no feeding for the first
two years. If the growth has been extremely
strong, it will be advisable to feed a little the
third year after planting. As soon as the
trees begin to show signs of growth remove
a thin layer (about one inch) of the surface soil
of the border and give a dressing of bone
meal, using one pound to two square yards
of surface. Then give a coating of good well
rotted manure, forking all into the soil, being

292

careful not to disturb any roots. As soon as
the trees require it give a thorough watering.
After the fruit is well set give the borders a
dressing of wood ashes, one-half bushel to
roo square feet of surface, stirring them into
the soil with a rake, and watering them in
when the borders require water. The neces-
sity of watering must be determined by an
examination of the soil, digging into the
borders to a depth of twelve inches or more.

After the fruit has reached the stoning
period, a good watering with liquid manure
should be given, or some good chemical
fertilizer containing 3 to 4 per cent. of nitro-
gen, 10 to 12 per cent. of phosphoric acid,
and 8 to ro per cent. of potash may be ap-
plied at the rate of three
pounds to roo square feet of
surface and watered in
when the borders require
watering, which will be
quite frequently at that time
if the weather is at all hot
and dry, as the trees will be
growing rapidly, and using
considerable water every
day, and any neglect to keep
them well supplied will pre-
vent the proper development
of both trees and fruit.

Trees that are grown in
pots or tubs will require
more feeding than those
grown in borders. As soon
as they show signs of growth
give an application of bone
meal, a good open handful
to a tree ina 15-inch tub
or box, and larger or smaller
ones in proportion. As
soon as the fruit is well
set and growth is well
started, give a watering
with some form of weak
nitrogenous fertilizer. Ni-
trate of soda at the rate of
one ounce to four gallons of
water is good, as is weak
cow manure water. This
dose may be repeated at
intervals of ten days or two weeks until
the fruit has reached the stoning period,
when a dressing of wood ashes should be
given at the rate of one handful to a 15-inch
pot. Liquid manure may be given again in a
week’s time; and during the future growing
season alternate waterings of liquid manure
and chemical fertilizer as described for the
borders should be given once a week. After
the crops have been gathered give a mulching
of cow manure.

SOIL FOR BORDER AND TUBS

To prepare the border, remove t he present
soil to a depth of three to four feet, putting in
drainage material. On this place a layer

JANUARY, 1907

of straw, or other coarse material, to prevent
the soil from working into the drainage, and
then fill with soil. The most suitable is
a friable clay or sandy loam. The surface
soil from an old pasture is the best for
making the border but is not absolutely
necessary. Ii the original soil is of good
character, it may be utilized. Return it in
layers of about six inches. Upon each layer
put a dressing of good manure about one inch
thick. Also one pound of coarse bone meal
to four square yards of surface and fork this
into the soil, continuing layer by layer until
the border is from six inches to one foot
higher than the surrounding level.

For trees to be grown in pots or tubs the
best soil is friable loam from the surface of a
pasture field to which are added one-fifth of
its bulk of some kind of well decomposed
animal manure (preferably cow manure) and
two pounds of bone meal to each cubic yard
of compost. Ample drainage must be pro-
vided and the trees taken from the earth
carefully without damaging the roots, planted
in such size of pot or tub as will accomodate
the roots without crowding.

THE ART OF TRAINING AND PRUNING

Some method of training must be adopted,
so at to economize the space. The most
practical method is the simple fan training.
That means that the branches are disposed
intheformofanopenfan. The best arrange-
ment of the trellises for training the trees, is
to have them extend latterly across the house.
Stretch wires from six to eight inches apart,
beginning about eighteen inches above the
soil and as the young shoots extend in growth
during the season, tie them into position,
bearing in mind that as the tendency of
growth is constantly upward, the shoots
must be tied downward, otherwise the lower
parts of the trellis will be left vacant.

Pinching out the points of strong growing
shoots will induce lateral growths, thus help-
ing to distribute the branches more evenly.
The branches should never be tied in so
closely as to crowd the leaves together, and
toward the end of the season should be left
free, allowing the sun and air to do the
work of ripening the wood for winter.

During the period of active growth in the
first season do not cut out any branches, but

THE GARDEN

First crop on a two-year old (budded) tree of Victoria
nectarine in a 12-inch pot.

pruning may be done after the leaves have
fallen, should there be any crowding of the
branches, removing the weaker ones, and
cutting back the others to such buds as will
make growth where it is most needed
for the ensuing season. If the strong
branches are then tied down leaving the
weaker ones free the growth in all will be
more even.

In future training follow the same _prin-
ciples. When the trees begin to bear fruit
some of the young grow ths of some of the
branches may be removed, always leaving a
growth at the extremity of the branch, and
generally one at the base to make a branch
for another year.

HOW TO FORCE

Forcing must begin very gently. For
early fruit (June) heat should be given as
soon as possible after the leaves have fallen
and the trees have been subjected to some
frost, usually in December or January. A
temperature of 45 degrees at night with a
rise of 10 or 15 degrees during bright

MAGAZINE

Photographed in March .

293

days will be as high as is safe for the first
month or six weeks, after which there may be
a rise to 45 or 50 degrees at night, and 60 to
70 degrees on bright days with sun heat.
During all this time the trees should be
sprayed freely with water from the hose until
the flowers begin to open. After this the
house must be kept reasonably dry and the
flowers must be gone over every day with a
soft camel’s-hair brush to pollinate the pistils.
Abundant ventilation must be provided at all
times, and particularly when the trees are in
flower. After the fruit is set the trees may
again be sprayed or syringed with water
from the hose, to prevent red spider and
other insects from getting afoothold. Ap-
hides or plant lice will probably put in an
appearance, when fumigating with some
form of tobacco becomes necessary.

As soon as the fruit has passed through
what is termed the “‘stoning period” (or
when it is about half grown and begins to
enlarge rapidly) the temperature may be
raised to 55 degrees at night and 60 to 70
degrees during cloudy weather or 75 to 80
degrees with bright sunshine, keeping the
ventilators open as much as possible. Abun-
dance of bright sunshine and a free circulation
of air are the principal factors in putting
flavor into the fruit.

HOW MUCH FRUIT ON A TREE

I have seen peach trees with fruits that
would average thirteen ounces each, but that
result comes only fromthinning. Everybody
agrees that a few large handsome fruits are
worth more than four times as many small, in-
ferior specimens, yet the tendency with almost
everyone is to allow more fruit than the tree

can mature. Begin thinning as soon as the
fruits are the size of peas. At that time they
appear so small that to thin as much as
should be done makes one feel that there will
be no fruit left. Six weeks later you will
wonder how you could have been so stupid as
to leave so many. If the fruit has set freely,
remove two-thirds or even three-fourths.

Twelve fruits of a large growing variety are
enough for a tree in a rs-inch tub to
perfect; for a large tree in a 24-inch tub,
twenty-five to thirty fruits are enough.
Trees trained on trellises, and in vigorous
condition, can carry one fruit to each square.

These two pictures show the same branch of a peach just before

and just after the first thinning in March.

Remove at least three-fourths of the set

Quality Even in the Onion Tribe—By Effe M. Barron, 3%

New

THE FIFTH ARTICLE IN THE SERIES OF QUALITY VEGETABLES FOR THE HOME TABLE, IN WHICH ARE TOLD
HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE BEST FLAVORED TYPES, AND THE BEST WAYS OF PREPARING THEM FOR USE

Y IDEAL good onion is one that is
either oval or spherical in shape,
compact and firm, with small, short neck.
It must be of good, clean appearance, with
an evenly colored, thin, unbroken skin.
The flesh must be mild and crisp, and long
keeping.

Thick-necked bulbs do not keep so well
as those with thin necks. You can-
not always grow thin necks, however,
and though the stock of the seed may
have something to do with this, still the
trouble is not one that can be surely con-
trolled.

Onions grown on a rich and fertile soil,
in a climate warm and equable, are sweetest
and mildest in flavor—so much so that they
can be eaten out of hand, like an apple,
raw.

HOW TO GET THE BEST ONIONS

To obtain the best quality in onions, they
must be grown with scrupulous care as to
fineness and richness of soil. You cannot
get any sort of well-shaped bulb in a rough
coarse soil.

Onions thrive best in a very rich soil,
firmly trodden down, allowing only about
three inches loose on the top, to plant them
in. As a rule, seed is sown thinly in the
open ground, where the plants are to grow,
and the plantlets thinned as necessary. If
sown in the fall (November) they give an
early crop of ‘‘bunch” or ‘‘spring”’ onions,
and are then especially welcome as salading,
being one of the first of the refreshing raw
“green stuffs’? ready after the heavy win-
ter fare.

Under what is called the “new onion
culture,’ the seeds are started in heat in

Onions that have run to flower are useless for
Storing. Bend over the tops, so as to break the neck
before it has grown too far

the early spring (January and February)
and transplanted outdoors, after danger of
frost is past, the young plants being gradu-
ally hardened off first. They must not
suffer any check when transplanting, the
secret of success in this system being to
keep the seedlings growing right along,
otherwise the bulbs will not keep well. In
either case weeding must be done system-
atically and cultivation begun early and
kept up all the time. And remember, one
of the worst weeds in the onion bed is
likely to be—onions! Give them plenty of
room.

When the onions are ripe, the tops will
give signs by falling and bending prior to

The giant Spanish onion, pale yellow, sometimes
four inches in diameter, like most mild-flavored ones,

does not Keep well. Prizetaker, the American form
of this, is the best all-round onion for home use

decay. At that time go over the bed,
breaking the top at the neck. This causes
the onion to ‘‘plump up,” becoming firm
and compact, and consequently improving
its keeping qualities. Toward the end of
September the bulbs are dug or pulled up,
and left on the ground, exposed to the air,
for a day or two if the weather is dry; but
do not leave well ripened and well dried
bulbs outdoors to get wet, as they will start
growing again. If this happens, their
keeping qualities are ruined.

The easiest, and perhaps the best, way for
the home gardener to follow in growing
onions is to use sets which may be bought
at the seed stores. These are small onion
bulbs, specially grown. Seed is sown later
than for the regular crop that is to mature
this year—generally about the end of May—
and seeding is thick, so as to crowd the
young plants, and a sandy, inferior soil is
selected. The whole idea is to raise a
small, solid bulb that will keep over winter,
for replanting in the spring. The small sets
are harvested in August, and kept exactly as
are the large bulbs. The smaller the set, the
better, although for home use the matter
of size is not important. Overgrown sets
are used as pickling onions. The light-

294

skinned varieties are preferred for this pur-
pose, the White Globe being a special fay-
orite.

PROBLEMS OF KEEPING

It is no use trying to keep soft, growing
onions. They simply will not keep. The
red-skinned varieties are the best keeping.
The yellow skins rank next; then the
whites. After digging and drying for a
few days the bulbs are put into a cool, dry,
well-ventilated cellar or store room. See
that the bulbs are perfectly ripe, and quite
dry. An excellent way to keep them is to
tie them in “hanks,” and hang them
up. To tie, use rafha; beginning at one
end, tie in a cylinder-shaped bundle, eigh-
teen inches to two feet in length, finish
with a loop, and hang up. Thus treated,
and suspended from the roof, they are out
of the way, leaving shelf room for other
things. Never pack in deep bins or piles.
Handle them just like other bulbs, allowing
plenty of air to play around. Look over
the stored bulbs from time to time, and
pick out bad ones, so as to prevent the dis-
ease from running to the others. Scallions—
onions that are all neck and no bulb—are
useless for storing.

PREPARATION FOR THE TABLE

The strongest-flavored onions are best
used for seasoning and sauces. Use the
white onions for white soups and sauces;
the red and yellow varieties for brown

The

Chives, the dwarf member of the family.
green leaves, chopped fine, are used in salads. Will
grow well in a sunny window

JANUARY, 1907

sauces, and for any dish where color does
not count, and for frying.

The characteristic quality of the onion—
its flavor and odor—is due to a pungent
essential oil, and to a certain degree, para-
doxical as it may seem, the table quality of
an onion is in inverse ratio to the quantity
of this oil. Some housewives use onions
as little as possible, just because of the
discomfort incidental to their preparation.
But it is very easily overcome: peel the
onion while it is immersed in cold water—
hold the hands, knife and onion under the
water. ‘True, this is a somewhat awkward
proceeding, but it entirely does away with
the painful watering of the eyes. This
same oil makes onions indigestible to some
people, but even that can be overcome by
extracting the oil. To modify the strong
fiavors, parboil or scald the bulb before
cooking it. This removes the acrid oil
without detracting from the flavor. To
parboil, plunge the peeled onion into boil-
ing water, and boil for five minutes. The
green oil-laden water is then thrown away.
As onions thus treated are softened, they
will not fry well—all things must be free
from water for satisfactory frying, so if you
wish to have ‘‘browned” onions, do not
parboil, but “scald” instead, Peel and
put them into a bowl, pour boiling water
over them, cover, and let stand for five
minutes. This draws out the oil without
softening the tissues.

The onions of the stores are often very
strong. Those with a green color running
through them are always markedly acrid,
and may require two or three waters.

The best way of cooking so as to retain
all the flavor and richness of the onion is
baking. The Spanish, or any of the large
varieties are specially good for this purpose.
as they are mild flavored. There is ap-
parently a given quantity of oil to a plant
and, so, the larger the bulb, the milder
Ita:

Always put onions into boiling water to
cook. Plain boiled onions served with
white sauce can be steamed, not boiled,
and will then retain their shape and flavor
much better. Always use very mild ones
for this purpose.

Do not peel them, but put them into
boiling water, and boil for about an hour.
Drain off the water, wipe the onions dry,
wrap each one separately in buttered paper,
put in an earthenware baking dish, and
bake in a moderately hot oven for from
two to three hours, according to the size of

A good model of onion for the houseKeeper. The

most convenient size is two inches in diameter. Red

onions generally Keep best

THE GARDEN

A hank of American garlic ready for storage.
Garlic is really palatable only when grown in a hot
climate. in cold regions it is overpungent and acrid

Sets, the cheapest and easiest way for the ama-
teur to raise onions. Plant five cents worth in March

or April

Imported wild onions from Italy, as sold in the New
York stores. Very mild, and lacking in sweetness

Leeks, the mildest and sweetest of all the onion

group. No bulb is made, and they do not Keep when
out of the earth

the onion. When fully cooked they will
be a rich brown in color, and full of de-
licious, not at all pungent, juice.

There is one great universal objection
to the use of the onion and all his family—
the odor that it leaves on everything with
which it comes in contact. It is like King
Midas and the touch of gold, and just about
as disagreeable:

“You may break, you may shatter the dish if you will,
But the scent of the onion will cling round it still.”

Yet, if after peeling the onions, the hands
are rubbed, on either a stick of celery, a slice

|

Seen esas

Shallots as used for flavoring;

salad when young. Keeps well for a full year.
bulb is tinged with violet underneath the skin

MAGAZINE

are also eaten as
fhe

295

of tomato, or a little fresh parsley all sign
and smell will disappear.

THE MUDDLE OF VARIETIES

Have you ever tried to unravel the tangle
of the host of varieties in this group? I did
and in despair have given up the effort.
Seemingly all the different types, or so-
called varieties run one into another, and
vary in form to such a degree that after
a few years what was originally introduced
as a round onion becomes recognized as a
flat one. This is true of the Danvers
Yellow (yellow skin) and the Weathersfield,
(red skin) both originally spherical. The
original (round) Wethersfield is now known
as Large Red Globe. There are differ-
ences in the keeping qualities of certain
types, however, and generally those of
southern or warm climates are the poorest
keepers, although the sweetest flavored.

THE BEST FOR STORING

For long keeping, a tough skin is essen-
tial. This is found in such varieties as
White Round Dutch, the Portugal (in
either brown or white skin), and the popu-
lar White Globe. The Danvers is of the
same type as the Portugal. The Tripoli
onions are not such good keepers, but are
valued as an early ripening strain, a char-
acter that is most marked, however, in the
warmer sections of the country.

For delicacy of flavor, the Tripoli, Span-
ish, Yellow Trebons and Giant Rocca are
recommended. The well known Prize-
taker, perhaps the most popular of all the
domestic onions, is a form of the true
Spanish. The Bermuda type is a favorite
because it is very sweet, mild, and very
early. It is difficult, however to get true
seed of this type. One of the delights of
onion varieties is that almost without excep-
tion any given variety has within it not only
the capacity but also the tendency to vary
into a host of others. Moreover, as the
soil and climate so greatly influence the
behavior of the variety, one must experi-
ment, and having found a type and a strain
that suits the conditions, stick to that one
(in any color that may please the fancy).

“TITTLE BROTHERS” OF THE ONION

Associated with the true onion in our
households are these four onion-flavored
plants; garlic, shallot, leek, and chives.
The use of them is distinctly restricted.

Garlic is too intensely pungent for the ma-
jority of people, and is usually used too
liberally. A suspicion of its flavor adds

Young “bunch” or “spring” onions used green and
eaten raw, as salad. Shallots are also used thus,
One way to use the thinnings

296

pungency to a salad, but all that is necessary
is to rub a cut ‘‘clove” around the bowl in
which the dish is to be served. Good garlic
can only be grown in a hot climate, and
its cultivation should not be attempted in the
North, where the true shallot will thrive
much better, and having a similar flavor can
be used in its place.

The shallot is remarkable in the family
for its extremely delicate flavor. The
habit of the plant is peculiar, the bulbs
splitting into numerous “‘cloves,” which in
the young state are excellent in the same
way as the “spring onions” already re-
ferred to. Indeed, people often confuse
the two. The shallot rarely produces seed,
and is in that respect much like the potato
onion. It differs from garlic in its growth
in this respect: the cloves of the shallot
are distinct and separate, easily detached,
whereas in the garlic the cloves are en-
closed in an outer silvery gray skin. The
true shallot is also silver gray, but a small
yellowish or brown onion is often sub-
stituted for it. All these keep easily for
twelve months.

MOST DELICIOUS OF ALL

The Jeek is esteemed as a delicately
flavored member of the family, but it does
not keep at all. For home use in its season
(which is late) I prefer it over all others of
the tribe. The blanched leaf sheaths are
eaten—and there is little or no bulbing at
the root. Good leeks have white, thick
stalks, fine-grained flesh, and part of the
green top leaves as well as the stalks are
eaten. They must be planted in very
deep soil to make them grow as much
white stem as possible, as the more of the firm
white stem there is, the better the leek.
Rich soil is required, the same as for onions.
The seedlings are transplanted about the
middle of June, planting deep enough to
cover all but the centre leaves. As the

plants grow, draw up the soil around them, | |

to blanch them. They may be had eighteen
inches long. Though several varieties have
been offered from time to time, there are only
two types in the American trade. Large
Flag is the most popular, but not the largest.
Scotch Flag (or Musselburgh) makes a
longer edible part, but it is not so thick.

Leeks are not eaten raw, but are used
principally for flavoring soups, etc.; stewed
and served with white sauce, they are a
most dainty dish.

In chives, the slender green leaves are
used chopped fine. It is essentially a salad
plant. It is decorative, and hardy all win-
ter. It is propagated by division, which
should be done frequently, as otherwise the
leaves will become coarse and tough.

GROWN FOR ITS HARDINESS

The Welsh onion, rarely grown, is like a
magnified chives and is used for seasoning.
It does not form a true bulb. ‘There are
annual and perennial forms. Its only place
is in the herb garden. It has the merit of
great hardiness and as such it is useful for a
mild flavor in colder regions, just in the same
way as the leek.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

An Easily Made Plant Stand

HAVE found a device for a window

garden for renters in the humble
washing bench. It may be bought at any
department store in any size from three to
five and one-half feet long, and arranged in
the following manner will provide for the
plants destined to grace it a really admirable
substitute for a greenhouse bench.

Nail a 3-inch strip of wood to the edge of
the top of the bench, fill any cracks there
may be with putty or a good coating of paint,
and then cover the enclosed space with two
inches of sand. This provides the plants
with a continuously moist place on which to
stand, and allows you to give them as thor-
ough a soaking as occasion may require
without the slightest danger of the water

A common washing bench, edged with strips so
as to hold a layer of sand, provides a means of water-
ing plants indoors without wetting the floor

dripping on the floor. Another advantage
of having the bench covered with sand is
that the sand takes up any inequalities there
may be in the surface of the bench, so that
the pots always stand on the level.

If casters are placed on the feet it is an
easy matter to wheel the bench from place
to place, as conditions require.

The cost of my bench as shown in the
photograph with the exception of the strips
of wood, which I already had, is as follows:

Bench (sisshtalone) elon eter e ees $1.33
(CAgtS Acosscooe stagboaoedsoounaouodo -40
Enamellipalin tieterierctert stretcher yak .60

$2.33

A washing bench is built very much on
Craftsman lines, and when painted or stained
to match the color of the room where it is
to be used, it is really a very good-looking

and acceptable piece of furniture. Mine
is finished with white enamel.
New York. Me Keke

JANUARY, 1907

Watering and Potting Ferns

AE EESE are no foliage plants which can

compare with the exquisite beauty
of the ferns for decorative purposes; their
finely cut and often oddly shaped fronds
have a delicacy and gracefulness of habit
foreign to all others. The more unusual
kinds are more difficult to grow than the
common house plants, and there are many
that cannot endure the dry atmosphere of
the dwelling. But the better known ferns
can be easily grown as house plants, if at-
tention is given to one or two points. Buy
plants with not too young foliage, and
gradually inure them to house culture.
Young plants purchased in the spring,
and repotted into larger pots, if necessary,
will make handsome plants by winter.

Ferns make their growth during sum-
mer, and rest in winter. Nearly all of
them like heat, shade and moisture in
their growing season, so to have good plants
for winter they must be grown in a rather
close, shady place during the summer.
The warm, enclosed end of a veranda is a
good place. If many plants are grown,
have a large box made, to hold one or more
rows of pots. Fill the box with moss, which
is kept damp, and plunge the pots therein,
to their rims. This will keep the ferns
moist at the roots. A plant that is required
for table or room decoration may be removed
from:the box, and placed temporarily in a
jardiniere, but should be replaced in the
box the next day, or if the jardiniere is filled
with damp moss, the plant can remain thus
for a longer time. If allowed to become
dry at the roots, the plant is ruined for the
season. During the winter months, place
the box in a warm, shaded window.

The kind of potting material used is one
of the most important factors in fern growing.
The best soil is a mixture made of two parts
good garden loam, one part well-decayed
manure, and one part sharp sand; this last
to make the soil porous. Use clean, porous
pots. Fill at least one-third of the pot with
charcoal, or some other drainage material,
then a layer of moss, to keep the soil from
clogging the drainage, and lastly the soil,
in which set the plant. In potting, do not
firm the soil too much about the roots, for
they prefer it to be rather loose.

Water freely as long as active growth
continues, using slightly warmed water.
During the winter months, when the fern
is dormant, give only sufficient water to keep
the soil from becoming dry. In the spring
(April) repot the plant.

Moisture in the air is essential to the
successful culture of ferns. This may be
supplied to the ferns having coarse fronds,
suchas the sword fern (Nephrole pis exaltata),
with a plant sprayer, but those of delicate
fronds, like the maiden hair (Adiantum),
would be ruined if the foliage remained
wet for any length of time—the fronds
becoming brown, and having a rusty ap-
pearance. For these latter, the neces-
sary moisture is best supplied in the form
of a vapor, by the aid of a cologne atomizer.

California. ELEANOR M. Lucas.

JANUARY,

1907

WILLIAM P. BROOKS, Ph. D.

Professor of Agriculture

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Home Study Educates

HE Home Correspondence School offers the home student
an opportunity to pursue systematic courses of study in
Academic and Preparatory, Agricultural, Commercial,

Normal and Common School branches under the personal instruc-
tion and guidance of able professors in leading American colleges
and universities.

Academic and Preparatory Courses

Our Academic and Preparatory courses include all of the usual
four years of High School work as well as many additional branches
of college grade. The courses in English are given by Prof.
Genung of Amherst College ; the courses in Latin by Prof. Harkness
of Brown; the courses in Greek by Prof. Chase of Harvard. An
eminent specialist is at the head of every department. Special
attention is given to students working for the higher grades of
teacher’s certificates. Students may register at any time and may
take up complete courses or pursue special branches.

Agriculture and Related Branches

Our courses in Agriculture are taught by Prof. Brooks of the Massachusetts Agricultural College :
and Landscape Gardening, by Prof. Craig and Prof. Coit of Cornell Univ ersity ; “Agricultural Bacter tology by Prof. Conn of Wesleyan

University ;

Veterinary Science by Dr. Paige of the Massachusetts Agricultural Col lege.

JOHN CRAIG, M.S.

Professor of Horticulture

Horticulture, Botany, Floriculture

The courses in Veterinary Science are not

offered expecting to prepare pupils as practitioners but to increase their knowledge of the subject, so as to enable them them to give

better care to animals, more especially as relates to the prevention of disease.

Brooks’ Agriculture

Vol. I. ‘‘Soils and How to Treat
Them”’

Vol. Il. ‘‘Manures, Fertilizers and
Farm Crops”’

Vol. Ill. ‘‘Animal Husbandry”’

Price $3.50 per set of three volumes;
$1.25 per single volume. Postpaid.
Descriptive booklet free.

fam much pleased with Brooks’ books on
Agriculture. I have not examined a set of
books cov ering the elementary principles
of agriculture in so thorougha manner and
with such exactness of statement as this
series. Fk. B. Mumrorp, Director,
Missouri College of Agriculture.

Three volumes on the general subject of
agriculture, written by Prof. William P.
Brooks and published by the Home Cor-
respondence School of Springfield, Mass.,
constitute one of the best foundations upon
which to build an agricultural education
which it would be possible to find.

Suburban Life, July, 1905.

Business Course, also special courses in Shorthand and Typewriting, Penmanship, Letter-writing and Commercial Law.

and related branches by correspondence. Our Agricultural text-
books have been adopted as regular text-books for class-room work
by over three-fourths of the State Colleges of Agriculture. We have
helped hundreds of practical farmers to reduce the drudgery, to in-
crease the profits and to add to the enjoyments of farm life. We
have helped hundreds of men and women to change from other less
congenial and less healthful occupations and to make a real success
of some branch of farming or gardening. We have assisted others
in preparing for responsible positions as farm managers, or as gar-
deners on private estates. Others have taken our courses in order
to intelligently direct their own farming and gardening and the beau-
tifying of their home grounds as well as to increase their capacity for
the enjoyment of country life. There is money and pleasure too in
farming and gardening, inthe growing of fruit or of flowers for those
who understand the ways how and the reasons why of Modern
Agriculture.

Commercial Courses
Our Commercial courses are in charge of J. Frank Drake, B.A.,
M.C.Sc., a graduate of Dartmouth College and of the Amos Tuck
School of Administration and Finance. We offer a Complete

We have been very successful in teaching agriculture

Appreciation

I wish to express my cordial approval of
your educational work.
JAmEs WILson,
Secretary of Agriculture.

I am interested in your home study
courses in agriculture and have great faith
in their usefulness and value. if hope you
may be successful in establishing them
everywhere. } BACHELDER,

Master National Grange.

I have never lost a chance to recommend
The Home Correspondence School.
WILHELM MILLER,
Editor GARDEN MaGazIneE.

Tf the farmers of the country would take
advantage of your home study courses
there would be many agreeable changes in
farm life. W. A. DouGHERTY,

Dairy Agent, Missouri Pacific Ry.

Weurge our reader: s to become acquainted
with the courses in agriculture and related
branches offered by The Home Corre-
spondence School. This schoolis worth
while. The men back of it are thoroughly
responsible and interested in_doing con-
scientious, efficient work. A.W. Fu TON,

In New Exglanud Homestead.

We have

hundreds of commercial students and graduates who are holding good positions and who attribute their success in a large measure to

our instruction and help.

JAMES Ba -RAIGE, DIV. S:

Professor of Veterinary Science

Normal and Common School Courses

The principal of our Normal and Common School Department is
A.H. Campbell, M. A., Ph. D.. formerly principal of The State Normal Schools
of Vermont and New Hampshire. The courses include Normal and Review
instruction in the common branches, also special courses in Kindergarten,
Pedagogy, Science and Art cf Teaching, etc. Graded courses in the common
branches are offered for the benefit of those who have never enjoyed good
common school advantages.

The Home Correspondence School is the leading institution offering instruction by corre-
spondence. Our courses are as thorough and painstaking as fully qualified instructors can make
them. Ourfaculty is composed of strong college men who are very much interested in correspon-
dence teaching and who are in full sympathy with the home student. Our tuition rates have been
reduced to the lowest point of economy consistent with efficient service. If you cannot conven-
iently leave home or your present employment to attend the regular sessions of a resident school,
if your local school advantages are not satisfactory, if you are past the school age, if you wish to
take up a special course to assist you in attaining some special object, remember that HOME
STUDY EDUCATES. In choosing a correspondence school choose the best. Poor instruc-
tion is dearatany price. Itis not worth your while to study under obscure instructors when you
can just as well study under the personal instruction and guidance of able college professors who
are known the world over and whose personal certificates carry all the weight of residence school

diplomas.

A copy of our general catalogue explaining our courses in detail will be mailed free to all who
ask for it. Write to-day. The information which this catalogue contains is worth having.

The Home Correspondence School

Dept. 8. Springfield, Mass.

HERBERT W. CONN, Ph.D.

Professor of Agricultural Bacteriology

297

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Some Sound
Advice

On Peach Growing
In Greenhouses.

At the very start get it firmly
fixed in your mind that any
make-shift carpenter built
greenhouse won’t do—that a
house constructed on scien-
tific greenhouse lines is absolutely essential to insure to you the suc-
cess of splendid, evenly ripened, luscious fruit. So be prepared to
spend money—not extravagantly, but enough to insure your having
the right sort of a house—one that will not only grow peaches, the
very best possible—but because of its right construction and ar-
rangement, be economical to maintain.

Our usual straight-roofed house is often used when the grow-
ing of trees in pots is preferred: then during the dormant months
the trees are stored in an ordinary building or cellar, protected from
frost and with sufficient light, leaving the house free for other
growing purposes. When planted direct in the ground, the cur-
vilinear construction gives more room for the spread of the trees.
Some plant along the sides, and wire them up the roof, but a larger
number can be planted with the cross trellis method, which requires
that the house shall run east and west so the sun can reach both
sides of the trellis all day. Masonry or cement borders to confine
the roots are sometimes used, both on the out and inside of the

: house as a protection from roots of
trees and to insure a more perfect con-
trol of watering and enrichment.

This growing of peaches indoors is coming into tremen-
dous favor and it’s mighty interesting work. Peaches from
your own greenhouse along in May are something to feel
proud of. If you want peaches next year you must start
this year. So take it up with us without delay —there’s
always some time lost in getting started. Call at our
Green Room in New York, or write direct to us there.

LORD & BURNHAM CO.

Greenhouse Designers and Manufacturers
1133 BROADWAY, Corner 26th Street, NEW YORK

Boston Branch: 810 Tremont Building.

Two branches from a tree grown in a 12-inch pot. The photo

was taken along in May.

Section of curvilinear house showing the method of
cross wiring, and the use of cement bottoms,
or ‘‘borders’’ as the gardner calls them,

ILLUSTRATED HOLIDAY EDITION Kipling’s ‘‘ THEY ”’

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY,

Start with the largest stock that can be secured!

Prepared under the author’s special supervision ($1.65, postpaid). f

New York City |

133-137 East 16th Street,

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

It takes over twenty years
to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an

ANDORRA NURSERIES

immediate effect. Send for illustrated list.

CHESTNUT HILL,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.
WM. WARNER HARPER, PROPRIETOR

JANUARY, 1907

| mer,
| some damage in transit, but will heal quickly

Raising Succulents at Home

HE amateur can find much pleasure in
growing hisown cactus plants from seed.

Sow in a well-drained seed soil, and handle
like any other seeds. After germination
give less water than for other seedlings, or
ihe young plants will burst, i. e., the skin will
crack open, resulting in a scar that is
permanent. 3

Making a cutting of a cactus is the easiest
thing in the world. Just cut or break off a
piece of the plant, and you are done! Since
the tissues are so watery, the cut surface
must be callused before the cutting is planted.
Lay it on a shelf in a sunny situation, where
there is a good circulation of air, for a few
days.

Late May and June is best for starting ©
the cuttings, because the wounds will then
heal quickly and well. Similarly, collected
plants should be received in the early sum-
because they are so liable to suffer

in summer.

Collected plants are generally without
roots, or they are so badly damaged that
they must be removed. Make a clean cut
with a sharp knife (always use a sharp
knife in gardening); and if the base of the
plant is hard and woody, remove that also,
because roots will start only from the fresh
growing parts. Cut back to the soft, watery
tissue, and expose to the sun until the wound
has callused. Any diseased or decayed
portion of the plants must be cut out: if this
does not stop the spread of the trouble, cut
it out again, and then cauterize the wound
with a hot iron.

THE EASY SOIL PROBLEM

It does not matter much what sort of soil
is used, so long as it is well-drained. That
is essential. One successful grower uses
equal parts of sandy loam, coal ashes, and
sand, and advises the improvement of a
clayey soil by adding to it a little air-slaked
lime. Another, equally successful, uses
equal parts of fibrous loam and old lime
rubbish (plaster, etc.) from which the fine
dust has been screened, with the addition of
some clean, sharp sand. It is handiest to
have the plants in pots, although they may
just as well be grown in boxes. Even the
smallest need drainage. A good rule to
follow is to fill one-quarter to one-third of
the pot with coarse drainage, such as coke,
coal clinkers, or broken pots, over which put
a little sphagnum moss, to keep the soil from
sifting down among the drainage.

Select a pot just a little larger than the
body of the cactus. Many people crowd

JANUARY, 1907

VERY amateur and professional
grower of flowers and vegetables
should have a copy of

Dreer’s
Garden
Book

Four Superb Colored Plates

of flowers and vegetables besides
the cover in colors reproducing seve
eral special varieties of flowers; and
224 pages profusely illustrated.

Dreer’s Garden Book

is more than a catalogue—it is a
dependable guide that can be relied
upon absolutely in the selection of
varieties of both vegetables and
flowers.

Many pages devoted to our un-
matchable collection of Hardy Peren-

nials, Roses, Dahlias, Cannas, Glad-

iolas, etc., are given the space their

popularity deserves.

Whatever is worth growing in flow-
ers and vegetables, you will find in
Dreer’s Garden Book.

If your name is on our books as a customer
within three years, a copy will be mailed with-
out your asking forit. Otherwise, write to-day.

Henry A. Dreer

Philadelphia, Pa.

Grapes are heavy consumers of Potash, which
must be renewed in the soil if the yield of the
vines is to be kept up.

Potash

at the root of the vine means a profuse yield of
luscious clusters on the frame,

Our free booklet, ‘‘Plant Food”’ tells much you should
know about plant fertilization. Write for it now.

GERMAN KALI WORKS
93 Nassau St., New York.

THE

GARDEN

MAGAZINE

Life Insurance Essentials

PREMIUM RATES: Low; commensurate with absolute

safety.

LIBERAL POLICIES: Every proper freedom and ben
efit to Policyholder. :

SIMPLICITY: The Prudential Policy has all privileges,
options, and values plainly set forth.

SECURITY:

contracts.

A foundation principle of all Prudential

GOOD ADMINISTRATION: The Prudential has always
kept ahead of the times. Integrity, Honesty and
Economy characterize the administration.

DIVIDENDS: Liberal Dividend returns to Policyholders.

Send for booklet by Alfred Henry Lewis, “My Conversion to Life Insurance’

Se

and Information of Policy at your age. Dept. 15.

he Prudentia

Insurance Company of America

Incorporated as a Stock Company by the State of New Jersey

F. DRYDEN, Prest. HOME OFFICE: Newark, N. J.

YO;
U Jy
yy

YOU WANT THIS FREE BOOK
Here is a book which will show you how easily and inexpensively you can
put your home and business in touch with the outer world and its markets. It

Uj will show you how the telephone quickly pays for itself, and why it is more

than a mere convenience for those who must stay in the house all day. It
shows you, too, why
STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONES

are the only ones to be considered for farmers’ lines. The book is crowded

/. with practical information on the building of farmers’ lines and the organization

of farmers’ companies. It goes to you from the greatest independent telephone
plant in the world—the one that has been in the fore-front of the battle for
independent telephone lines. Don’t put it off—wnite to-day for booklet
180 D, “How the Telephone Helps the Farmer.”
Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Company
Rochester, N. Y- Chicago, Ill.

300

No need to build a potting shed for the heating plant — ff

this boiler is placed in a nearby building.
You might do the same.

Things

rYou Can’t Buy

cy prices for roses
or being the recip-
ient of such a gift
does not mean one-half the
pleasure that actually grow-
ing them does — not hot-
house roses but queenly,
beautiful blooms grown in
your own garden of glass—
the nurturing of them, fuss-
ing with them and finally
picking them for the pleas-
ure of all, on say, Christmas
morn these are joys you
can’t actually buy—but so
easily possible with one of
our greenhouses. Start with
one: 20) feet long. place: it
right among the hollyhocks
of your summer garden—
you can do this with a U-Bar
house and it will add an in-
terest and charm. Get the
U-Bar catalog and know
U-Bar reasons.

| PIERSON U-BAR COMPANY}

Designers and Builders of
U-BAR GREENHOUSES

Metropolitan Building, 4th Ave. and 23d St.
New York

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

their plants into as small a pot as possible,
but I believe this is bad, because the plants
need some space in which to grow, and if the
pot is small, it is impossible to water them
properly. When potting, put the coarsest
part of the soil next to the drainage, with the
finer part above it, and around the plant, so
inserting it that the bottom (be it rooted
plant or cutting) is only a very little below
the surface of the soil. After potting, give
a little water, to settle the soil, and no more
ordinarily until the plant begins to grow.
Lightly syringe on all bright days. If the
potting is done in early summer, and the
plants are plunged outdoors, the water which
they receive from the syringing will be
sufficient for all their needs until growth
begins.
IMPROPER WATERING AND ROT

Too much watering, or too rich and heavy
a soil, will cause rotting of the plant at the
soil line—the commonest cause of loss in
amateur collections. This can only be
avoided by watching, and giving water only
when the soil becomes dry. When you do
water, give enough to thoroughly dampen all
the soil in the pot.

WHEN TO REPOT

A properly potted plant will not need
shifting for some years, and will do all the
better for not having the roots disturbed.
If the soil becomes water-logged, or sour
(perhaps growing moss) repot at once.
Mealy bug sometimes attacks the roots. As
soon as it 1s detected, shake the soil from
the roots, and thoroughly wash them in
clean water, repotting in a clean pot and new,
clean soil.

INSECTS ON THE STEMS

The most likely insect pests are red spider,
thrip, scales, and mealy bug. The two
latter are easily brushed off with a small
brush, but if the stems are frequently
syringed with clear water, soap suds,
tobacco water, or a solution of fir tree oil,
none of these pests will give serious trouble.
The red spider will never appear if watering
is frequent enough. The fir tree oil pre-
vents thrips.

Cactuses are not helped by rich feeding.
The only exceptions to this rule are old
plants of night blooming cereus, and the
crab cactus (Epiphyllum), which occasional
waterings with weak manure water (about
half the strength used for other plants) will
benefit.

IDEAL GROWING CONDITIONS

The ideal place for cactuses in winter is a
rather damp greenhouse, but they will thrive
in the window garden, so long as they never
get frozen. Try to keep the night tempera-
ture about fifty degrees. The drying of the
soils under ordinary house conditions makes
watering in winter a necessity. Planted
out in a greenhouse, their requirements
are very much less. The window gardener
must remember that although they are desert
plants, they do not naturally grow in small
pots, exposed to drying draughts of desic-
cated hot air.

The growth of the plants will be improved |

1907

ela

TYPEWRITER

JANUARY,

Saiey

You Need One Every Day

For a time, money and labor saver, noth-
ing equals it.

This is the only low-priced typewriter which will
do the work of a high-priced machine. Universal
keyboard, visible writing, strong manifolding, inter-
changeable type and many other advantages. Im-
perfect alignment impossible. Practically
accident proof.

Buy a Postal Typewriter and save both your time
and that of those you write to.

Write for booklet and installment plan.

POSTAL TYPEWRITER CO.

Dept. 9

Office and Factory Norwalk, Conn.

Liberal terms and good income to high-class
salesmen in all sections.

Any lamp—no matter how
good—is handicapped if it hasn’t
the proper chimney.

My business is manufacturing
lamp-chimneys that fit perfectly
—of clean, clear glass that won’t
break from heat.

My name—MacBeTu—goes
on every one.

My Index tells of lamps and their chimneys, fully

and interestingly. Let me send it to you—it’s free.

MACBETH . Pittsburgh.

Indian Moccasins

Laced, also Moceasin Slippers. made of Genuine Moosehide,
Indian tanned and elaborately embroidered with Indian
tribal designs, make sensible Christmas presents. Beau-
tifully made and very comfortable. Men's sizes, 6 to 11,

$2.75; Ladies’ sizes, 2 to 5, $2.25; Children’s sizes, 5 to
10, $1.50. Either kind sent prepaid upon

receipt of price, and your money refunded
if they are not entirely satisfactory. Send
for free catalogue.
METZ & SCHLGERB
Tv Main St.

Oshkosh. Wis.

"Strawberry Plants That Grow"
BEST STANDARD VARIETIES

Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant and Grape Plants,
Asparagus Roots and Seed Potatoes in assortment. All stock
warranted high grade and true to name.

Forty-page Catalogue with cultural instructions, Free.
BRIDGMAN, MICH.

GC. ES WHITTEN, Box 10,

1.antG. Kose

are the best. Always on their own roots. Plants mailed to any point in
the United States, Safe arrival guaranteed. Over 50 years’ experience.
Flower and Vegetable Seeds a specialty. Write for

NEW GUIDE TO ROSE CULTURE

for 1907—the leading rose catalogue of America, 114 pages. Mailed
free. Describes over 1,000 varieties. Tells how to grow them and all
other desirable flowers. Established 1850. 70 greenhouses.

THE DINCEE & CONARD CO., West Crove, Pa.

JANUARY, 1907

I Need Help

WANT every person who is in-

terested in any sort of gardening,

or who has any ground about his
or her home, to know what the Gar-
den Magazine really is.

Will you help me in this work,
which will take very little of your
time, and will pay you well. You
can not make a fortune at it, but you
can make a few dollars just as easily
as not—quite probably in a few min-
utes, if you can give me the infor-
mation | want. You will not need
to step outside your house.

This is not a canvassing proposi-
tion, and only the first person heard
from in any locality will be able to

Be the first

in your locality, Let me hear from

take advantage of it.

you to-day on a postal, and | will
tell you what I want to know. DO
IT TO-DAY. Address

Circulation Manager
Garden Magazine

New York City.
133 East 36th Street

Dear Sir:

Please let me know further about
your proposition mentioned in the
January number of Garden Magazine

Name

Address

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Residence of E. L. Atkins, Paducah, Ky., Supplied by Kewanee Water System

WATER FOR YOUR COUNTRY HOME

OU may have every convenience and safeguard of a city water supply in your country or suburban home.
You may have an abundant supply of water delivered under strong pressure to the bath-room, kitchen and
laundry ; also to garden, ‘awn, stables,—anywhere. Besides the water may be delivered under sufficient
pressure to throw a stream over your house, insuring splendid tire protection. This isall accomplished by

THE KEWANEE WATER SYSTEM

The KEWANEE WATER SYSTEM is easily explained. An air-tight steel Kewanee tank is located in the
cellar, buried in the ground, or placed ina special pump house (see lower cut) prov ided for its protection. Water
from the well, cistern, lake, spring or other natural source, is pumped into thistank. When the tank is tw o-thirds
full of water, all the air w hic h originally occupied the entire space is compressed into the upper one-third. Under
ordinary: conditions an average pressure of 40 pounds may be maintained, which willraise the water about 93 feet.

While this method is simple and easily understood, it is thoroughly scientific. The KEWANEE WATER
SUPPLY COMPANY was the first to apply this principle successfully in supplying water to country houses : and
after ten years of experience the system has provenentirely practical, anditis rapidly replacing the old gravity methods.

THE KEWANEE PNEUMATIC TANK

rests on solid ground, where it can do no damage. Itis thoroughly protected so the water w ill not freeze in winter
or become warm and germ-laden insummer. The tank is made of steel and will outlast at least a dozen ov erhead
tanks. There is nothing to get out of order and repair bills are entirely avoided. To give the necessary pressure
for fire protection and service, the elevated tank must be located on top of a tall tower. This is expensive,
unsightly and unsafe. The water freezes in winter, becomes warm and stagnant in summer, and repairs are a big
item of expense. The attic tank cannot be placed high enough to provide fire protection, Its w eight is apt to
crack the plastering, and when it leaks (as it is sure to do sooner or later), your house is flooded. All these
undesirable features are replaced by splendid water service and absolute fire protection when the KEWANEE
SYSTEM is installed. Over five thousand KEWANEE OUTFITS io in successful operation.

Write for Catalog No. 1, which explains everything and tells where KEWANEE OUTFITS may be found in
your State. Itis free if you mention Country Lire IN AMERICA.

KEWANEE WATER SUPPLY CO.,

Please Address all Correspondence to the Kewanee Office, 16 Broadway, New York.

DRAWER S., KEWANEE, ILL.

Phone No. 2729 Broad

301

eee ee neers eee enone

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE January, 1907

if they are put outdoors when all danger of A PIANO
frost is past in early spring. Some people ATA
knock them from the pots, and set them in

the ground, but it is better to plunge them NOMINAL PRICE.

—plant, pot and all—because they are more Coe

Sea ; F go’s largest music house, Lyon & Healy,
easily lifted. Place them in a well-drained announces a Clearing Sale of Pianos. Several
border, fully exposed to the sun, and with a hundred splendid instruments are offered without
free circulation of air. reserve until all are sold. In this stock are a

The opuntia is the most disagreeable of all | ™Umber of Steinway and Weber Pianos, and new
and second-hand pianos, including instruments

the cactuses to handle because of the very | of the following well-known makes: Sterling,
small brown spines which grow in bunches Huntington, Vose, Knabe, Washburn, Fischer,
all over the stem and fruits. These spines | Kimball, Chickering, etc., etc. In upright

are barbed, something like a fish hook, so pianos, neat instruments at $100, $120, $140,$150,

By, 0 65,4 : isi -
that when once they are ir the flesh it is ex- eee ee Pei not OC aa VEHOAO

ceedingly difficult to remove them. proving entirely satisfactory may be returned at

Because of these troublesome spines in the | their expense. Address Lyon & Healy, 49
ordinary forms the so-called “spineless” cac- Adams Street, Chicago. Distance is no obstacle,

: : fers : : for in proportion to the saving to be made the
tus was hailed with great joy, the claim being eis CBee are incertae Any banker

that it would be a good stock food. Thereis | will assure you of the entire responsibility of
nothing really new about it however as | Lyon & Healy, and their record of 41 years for

spineless cactuses of various genera are well honorable dealing. Write today so as to avoid
known disappointment.

New York. PARKER T. BARNES.

Seeds, Plants, Roses,
Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, Fruit and Ornamental Trees

The best by 53 years test, 1200 acres, 50 in
, hardy roses, none better oye, 44
W greenhouses of Palms, Ferns, Ficus, Gere
aniums, Everblooming Roses and other
things too numerous to mention. Seeds,
Plants, Roses, etc., by mail postpaid, safe
\ arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
e\ larger by express or freight. You will be
4 interested in our extraordinary cheap offers of
over half a hundred choice collections in
Seeds, Plants, Roses, Trees, Etc. Elee

Purchaser’s Guide to Euonymus

A. Foliage deciduous
B. Height ultimately 15 feet or
more
C. Autumn foliage brilliant
D. Capsules scarlet
BURNING BUSH I. E, atropurpureus
DD. Capsules pink

Do ” ou Like : Good Coffee? HAMILTON’s EuONYMus 2. E. Hamiltonianus

' Ce Autumn foliage not par- gant 168-page Cataloguc FREE. Send
a Ss Cc Oo Oo e e ticularly brilliant: CA for it today and see what values we give for a little money.
: soles pial THE STORRS @ HARRISON CO.,
is a perfectly balanced blend, with the finest aromatic flavor we D. Anthers yellow Box 398, Painesville, Ohio
Z ’ ’ 9 .

are able to attain by careful selection and roasting. We have Ee es oeaie th
been studying coffee for a long time, ard = - Capsules pink, wit
this is the best coffee we know. Un- winged lobes; seeds
less you have been unusually fortun. te, Var white

you heave meventastediits) equal: } Ay | BROAD-LEAVED EuONYMUS 3. E. latifolius Competent Gardeners

In air-tight serew-top tins that preserve the }j rp P - =
aroma and keep the coffee perfectly fresh. Le EE. Capsules red, pink, The comforts and products of a country home are increased by

5 Ib. CAN $1.60 5 f or purple employing a competent gardener; if you want to engage one write

Sample Pound, 32 Cents, (Prepaid) d ss * SPINDLE TREE 4. E, Europzeus to us. Please give particulars regarding place and say whether
Ground, pulverized or bean. ‘ tf DD. Anthers purple married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for

Our broad guarantee—Your money back ‘ E. Capsules pink; seeds years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER

if not satisfactory. scarlet HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt

A. FUEL DON Ce uupotters moron AM SIEBOLD’s EUONYMus 5. E. Sieboldianus SaecoINeR LYorniGing
: : EE. Capsules pale pink;

seeds white
AY It Is Worth While
; Buy a machine that does the work
“a lig

capsules pale green: a hee ‘

branches winged : . ; : Send for Illustrated Price List H
WINGED EUONYMUsS 7. E. alatus 3 : F

CC. Autumn foliage not Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co.

brilliant New York Office, {123 Broadway Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

ORCHI®S

on capsules ’
STRAWBERRY BUSH 8. E. Americanus
Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIDS in the United States

DD. Capsules yellowish red:
warts on branches
TAC GSES Se rig Wee ee ole
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

WARTY-BRANCHED
U ITY SEEDS, BULBS,
Q A L PLANTS

EUONYMus Q. E. verrucosus
Send for Catalogue.

BB. Height 1 or 2 feet (EZ.
nanus, if higher, is
ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON
342 West 14th St.. New York.

BUNGE’s EUoNyMUS 6. E. Bungeanus
BB. Height 6 to 8 feet a IE
right—that cleans its strainer automatically

C. Autumn foliage brilliant: - .
with or without PEDESTALS
with a brush, mixes liquid mechanically so that

4, foliageis never burned, but getsits due proportion.

i< EMPIRE KING, and
ORCHARD MONARCH

do these things. They throw finest spray, are
easiest to work and they never clog. You ought to
know more about them. Write for instruction
book on spraying, formulas, etc. Mailed free.

FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., No.48 111Tw Sr., E-wira, N.Y.

grafted to make a weep-

ing tree)
C. Stem rooting: branches

erect

RUNNING STRAWBERRY

pusH 10. E. obovatus

CC. Stem erect: branches

rooting, arching, or

pendulous

DWARF EUONYMuS II. E, nanus
AA. Foliage evergreen

B. A tender, upright shrub:

capsules pink

JAPANESE Ae see! fononiene A] TREES For 81 Years

‘ : have maintained their record—
BB hc traller fone mb crate HIGHEST QUALITY, LOW PRICE. Free
dier than English tvy

i catalog superb fruits—King David, BI’k Ben,
CLIMBING EuONyMus 13. E. radicans Delicious apples, etc.-STARK BRo’s, LOUISIANA, Mo.

|
|
|

JANUARY, 1907

IE Ry G AUR DEON 2 MEAG, A0Z EN 303

THIRD PRINTING ALREADY.

Glimpses of
Italian
foeurt Life

By TrypHosa BaTEs BATCHELLER

A FirtTH AVENUE BOOKSELLER Says:
“This is the most sumptuous Holiday Gift
Book published this year.”

Nowhere else can be found such de-
lightfully intimate views of Italian nobility j
as here produced in photogravure and

double-ttone. Four plates in color.

Net $4.80. Postage 32 cents

THE WORLD'S WORK
FARMING

2 » THE GARDED
MAGAZINE

D OUBLEDAY PAGE &CO.

133-135-137 EasT 167 STREET, NEW YORK

66 99
The “Apollo” Sweeper
is the ideal machine for sweeping Lawns, Porches,
Sidewalks, Pavements, Barn Floors, Factories, Ware-
houses, etc. Write for illustrated Booklet.

THE GREEN MFG. CO.
54 SYCAMORE ST. SPRINGFIELD, OHIO

Order your Roses now

|
| before rush begins in February, and so secure choicest stock, which
| will be selected and reserved for you.

G. H. PETERSON

Rose and Peony Specialist
FAIR LAWN, N. J.

\ a Don’t YOU Build Your
Y Own premb ators and
‘ Brooders?
| You can doit easily with our Free Plans.
3 Over 18 thousand people interested last year.
Why not send for them? Catalog full of
valuable information for Incubator owners
| re i and PLANS FREE
‘a é H. Tl. SHEER CO.
Quincy, Ill.

Horsford’s Hardy Plants

For Cold Climates

The hardiest of the hardy plants are none too hardy for severe winters.
New catalovue of best tried kinds ready ahout January ist. A long
list of plants, shrubs. trees, hardy ferns, bulbs, etc. You can save cost
of transportation in price and quality of stock. Ask for catalogue
before placing your order.

FRED’K H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt.

176 Hamp. St.,

ga
€ <4
ke oSReccecccececeececee<€<ceeee it

<“@ House Plants
G6ceegneeaeene””

\AN INFALLIBLE, INSECTIOUES Or

Vand DESTROYS ALL INSECTS INJURIOU ‘i {oe
saten Plants, Shrubs, Trees, Vines i SOLD BY SEEDSMEN
ae, Currants s, Vegetables and Fruits 25 VEARS

hy oe
OUGh iniurious ¢ e

on tly Ove
ae ia NS FOR US SE! eNOS the powder o's jigh On “ae

hem. at OF 5
oe ery eke ce appeats ! rated top carton of Hammond’s
but if a new br

Slug Shot, sold aZ/ over America by
the seed dealers and many mer-

‘m "“nond’s Slug” Chicken Lice
pe
he

jn SO
(0 insects, does not injure the foliage and acts

This picture represents a perfo-

f “tally as toe Cont
fie, Sn:

chants who deal in seeds.

For house plants or dusting on
chickens to destroy lice, it is safe
and effective.

For free pamphlets on “Bugs and

Blights,”’ worth having, write to

Fishkill-on-Hudson

New York

* Ss Slug
'SEKILL-ON-HUDSON; ®-

>
92232259553 Z>p>a>>72>??””
“ —

THE JOYOUS MIRACLE, By FRANK NorRISs.

A Choice Little Xmas Book. Frontis. in colors (58c., postpaid).

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133-137 East 16th Street, New York City

WO Grand Prizes:
Exposition, 1900.

1904. Gold Medal:

Pan-American Exposition, 1901.

Louisiana Purchase Exposition, Paris

Gold Medal:

The value of our catalogue as a guide to the amateur or professional gardener can-
not be over-estimated.

We will have ready for mailing by January 1st, our LOGth successive
annual edition, and it will be fully up to our usual high standard, replete as it has

always been, with the most beautiful half-tone and other illustrations. It will contain

140 or more large size pages covering the largest assortment of high class seeds, etc.,
Send for a copy and be convinced.

ever offered.
Mailed Free on Application.

J. M. THORBURN & CO., 33 Barclay Street, New York

‘Through to 38 Park Place.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Discharge
Impossible

drop it, kick it, or if you can think of a more severe test
of safety, please make it—we accept any challenge. Our
exclusive patent safety lever is the reason why accidental
discharge is impossible, and it lifts the

IVER JOHNSON

SAFETY AUTOMATIC REVOLVER

out of the “went-off-by-accident” class, This lever must be in place before the revolver ham-
mer can touch the firing pin and can only be raised when you purposely pull the trigger. De-
pend on it to fire when you want it. There is nothing to adjust. no springs, latches or catches.
Pull the trigger and it fires—nothing else can fire it. We make and sell more revolvers than
all other American makers combined—sufficient evidence of Iver Johnson reliability, accuracy
and perfection in every detail of finish, material and workmanship.

Our Booklet “‘Shots’”’? Mailed Free

It’s full of firearm lore; gives important facts that every owner of firearms should know, and goes
into the details and illustrates by sectional views the peculiar construction of the Iver Johnso n.

IVER JOHNSON SAFETY HAMMER REVOLVER | IVER JOHNSON SAFETY HAMMERLESS REVOLVER

3-inch barrel, nickel-plated finish, 22 rim 3inch barrel, nickel-plated finish, 32-38 center $6 00
fire cartridge, 32-38 center fire cartridge $5.00 fire cartridge nH rc - aka tute eae, 2

For sale by Hardware and Sporting Goods dealers everywhere, or will be sent prepaid on receipt of price if your
dealer will not supply. Look for the owl’s head on the grip and our name on the barrel.

IVERJOHNSON’S ARMS AND CYCLE WORKS, 167 River St., Fitchburg, Mass.

New York Office: 99 Chambers Street. Pacific Coast Branch: FP. B. Bekeart Co., Alameda, Cal
European Office: Pickhuben 4, Hamburg, Germany. Makers of Iver Johnson Truss Frame Bicycles and !ver Johnson Single Barrel Shotguns

~.

THE NEW AGRICUL MRE

By T. BYARD COLLINS

12mMo, 374 pages, 106 illustrations, price $2.00

A POWERFUL TRACTION ENGINE AT WORK

This new and authoritative work deals with the subject in a scientific
way and from a new view-point. Dr. Collins has devoted his life-time
to the study of changing economic agricultural conditions. “Back to
the soil” was never a more attractive proposition and never so worthy of
being heeded as during these opening years of the twentieth
century. Farm life to-day offers more inducements than at
any previous period in the world’s history, and it is calling
millions from the desk.
CONTENTS: I. The New Call to the Farm.
—lrrigation. III. The New Fertilization. IV. The New Transporta-
tion. V. New Interests. VI. New Creations. VII. New Varieties.
VIII. New Practice. IX. New Machinery. X. The New Inspiration.

II. The New Soil

SEND FOR CIRCULAR

MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers

Scientific American Office,

363 Broadway, New York

CITRANGES.

JANUARY, 190

Peaches and Plums for Forcing

ING all varieties are equally good for
growing under glass by the methods

described on page 292. Not only must the
quality be of the highest, but the tree must
be a good grower, a free bearer, and suscep-
tible of adaptation to fruiting out of season.
A selection made from the following will
surely give a supply of fruit throughout the
season, ripening usually in the order named.

NECTARINES

Early.—Cardinal; pale green, red on the
side next the sun. A very early variety.
Early Rivers; greenish white, red on side
next the sun. Lord Napier; greenish white.
A large varicty of the best quality. Muid-
season.—Improved Downton; greenish white
and red. A large-sized fruit of the best
quality. Spencer; rich, dark, dull red. Pine-
apple; yellow and red. One of the best
varieties. Late.—Humboldt; yellowish green,
large. Elruge; green and red. A large
variety of very high quality. Victoria; very
similar to Elruge but smaller.

PEACHES

Early.—Alexander ; greenish white, mottled
red. The earliest variety. Hale; greenish-
white, mottled crimson. A variety of good
color and size. Champion; white, tinged
pink. A very handsome variety and the
best of the early kinds. Widseason.—Foster;
yellow and dark red. A very handsome
vellow-fleshed variety of excellent quality.
Wheatland; similar to, although not so prolific
as, Foster, but just a little later. Chair;
large, handsome, yellow variety of high
quality. Late—Late Crawford; the best
yellow-fleshed variety of its class. Princess
of Wales; creamy white.

PLUMS

Early.—Caar,; blue-black. A large variety
of rich flavor. Early Transparent Gage;
yellow. Reine Claude Violette; purple. A
medium-sized variety of delicious flavor;
a very desirable kind for dessert. Late —
Transparent; greenish yellow. This is a
variety of excellent quality. Jefferson; yellow
with red cheek ; flesh orange-colored, juicy and
parts from the stone easily. Bayay; greenish
yellow, marked with red in the sun. Ick-
worth Imperatrice; purple. A very excellent
variety of medium size. Wickson; greenish
yellow, tinged red, with a heavy white bloom.
A large variety with firm, sugary, delicious
flesh and small stone. Burbank: purple
yellow. A large, beautiful variety.

Millbrook, N. Y. T. L. Powext.

January, 1907 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 305

It Will Pay Sou to Subscribe to

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
For 1907 = [s10s%=

The First “Tested” Planting Tables
The Planting Tables have formed a conspicuous feature of (he Garden Magazine.

They give explicit directions in condensed form at just the time you want them. In the great
Spring Planting Number—Apmil, 1907—we shall issue the first “tested” planting tables ever
published. These were completed and paid for a year ago and then we returned them to the
authors and asked them to plant everything according to their own directions in order to fill the
gaps and correct any possible errors.

The “Quality Vegetable” Series

This is the first series of articles to focus the attention upon the quality from three points of
view heretofore absurdly separated, 7. e. varieties, cultivation, and cooking.

The Little Monographs of Garden Crops

These are the first articles to explain with the utmost clearness the comparative merits

and limitations of all the species worth growing in every large and complicated group.

Complete Planting Plans
Che Garden Magazine was the first horticultural periodical to make a specialty
of complete planting plans which tell exactly how to lay out city gardens or country places,
what to plant, where to plant it, and how much everything will cost. We have new and dis-
tinguished help in these intricate and perplexing problems.

Other Remarkable Features
Complete spraying calendar for the home garden, telling how to control every kind of

insect enemy.
There will also be many articles on city roof gardens, vines, bulbs and winter flowers.

The April and October issues are Double Planting Numbers, which sell for 25 cents each,
and alone are worth the price of a year’s subscription. They are included in the regular $1.00
a year subscription without extra cost.

You Can Make that Garden of Yours Pay More

How? By putting more into it. I cannot afford to. | think youcan. No more time, or more money, but more productive
methods and varieties of plants. I can’t afford to get books or spend the time to read them, to find out those methods. You needn't.
There is a better way. How? Get ONLY the information you want. Get it WHEN you need it—yjust in time to be of most
use. @ Where? In Che Garden Wagasine, which tells every month just the things to do NOW. QI want something
practical. Che Garden Wagasine is intensely practical. Who saysso? We do. But we are prejudiced, maybe.
These people are not. .

“Tn sending another subscription for a friend, I want to say that I do not believe “I am very much pleased with THe GARDEN MaGAzing; it is overflowing with

there is anything printed that is so full of fractzca/ help, to those who wantto enjoy = ractzca/ helps and suggestions for any gardener. I have often wished for just
the benefits of a good garden. I would not take $50 for my April number if I could such a periodical.”—O. V. R., Webster, Iowa.

7 DOUBLEDAY,

PAGE & CO.

133 East 16th St.,
New York City

not replace it with another copy.” —/". S. W., Haverford, Pa. J. W. Extiort, President of the Elliott Nursery Company, says: I have GENTLEMEN J ACCopE
“T have learned more about Aractical gardening from the first numbers of read every word of it. Itis the bestever, and if you keep the magazine up O° your offer of The
Tue GARDEN MaGAZINE than from all my reading of books and horticultural to this standard, you will geta hundred thousand circulation and deserve a Garden Magazine for
magazines for several years.” —W. E., Indianapolis, Ind. million. It is everything that a garden magazine should be.” S one See ewwiuin the ee
mas an indow-Garden

Subscribe Notw, get the early Spring numbers with their invaluable plans for Spring work and the Summer garden, all about
selecting seeds, raising plants, managing hot beds and cold frames; subscribe now, get the jump on this garden business, and have a better
garden than you ever had before. If your subscription is received before March 15th, we will send you free the beautiful Christmas
number, and the January Window-Garden number, which alone will be worth the subscription price if you have any plants in your home.
Send in your subscription to-day and receive the Christmas and Window-Garden numbers free. You will use every number in the year.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th Street., New York

numbers free. [ enclose one
dollar. Begin my subscrip-
tion with the number.

Y,
JZ Address. ....- 22-2200 eeeee eee ese So08= 25

306

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1907

THE WORLD’S WORK for 1907

REGULAR COVER

“THE MARVELS OF COMMUNICATION ""—for January

A SPECIAL NUMBER

Not a scrapbook, and not a fiction magazine, THE WORLD’S WORK tells

the human stories of every month’s greatest activities, and illustrates them with an

unequalled richness of clear and interesting photographs.

It is a record of all the

important things that go on in politics, business, education, books, art, human

achievement.

WHO IS E. H. HARRIMAN ?
He is the most mysterious figure who
has ever reached a dominating position
in Wall Street. In a fascinating series
of articles, beginning in the January
number, his whole life will be revealed
—the story will be told of the rise of
this son of an impecunious Long Island
minister to the point where, it has been
asserted, he is a menace to the coun-
try, railroad king and financial mani-
pulator in one.

THE WORKINGS OF THE
TRUSTS: A remarkable series of
articles by Mr. C. M. Keys, unveiling
the methods, secret and open, of these
colossal creations—showing just where
they are benefits and just where they
are menaces.

DOES HARVARD DO ITS JOB?
Not. Harvard alone, but Yale, Prince-
ton and other colleges. A series show-
ing how our universities are doing
what we expect of them.

WHAT OTHER COUNTRIES
CAN TEACH US: Stories of the
things they do better in England, Hol-
land, France, Germany, Canada, Japan

In the coming year will appear:

MEDICAL SENSE AND NON-
SENSE: The death-rate among
children has been lowered, but life
shortened. This series will bring home
to every man and woman the ways
in which life can be lengthened.

THE AMERICA OF TO-MOR-
ROW : What our cities, our trans-
portation, our fortunes, our living and
working will be in 25 years, if present
tendencies continue.

THE MEN WHO ARE MAKING
TO-DAY; The real Taft, ‘‘ Secre-
tary of Peace,’’ shown as he is. Other
notable Americans pictured and
analyzed.

THE SECRET OF BUSINESS

~ SUCCESS: Not a series of busi-
ness forms and office methods, but in-
timate revelations of big business men
laying their plans and fighting their
battles, showing how they get their
results.

INVESTING YOUR MONEY:
Regular monthly articles that will tell
investors, big and little, what they
want to know about sound invest-
ments.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
133 East 16th Street

Wr
Catalog 59

HILL DRYER CO., 359 Park Avenue, Worcester, Mass.

New York

.Glothes Dryers

I= YOUR BEAUTIFUL LAWN DIS-
= FIGURED BY UGLY LEANING
=f CLOTHES POSTS that are a constant eye-
sore? Get

HILL’S FAMOUS
LAWN DRYER

It always looks neat and tidy. Holds 100 to 150
feet of line, quickly removed after the wash. Lasts
a lifetime; saves line and clothes. No tramping in
wet grass or snow; line comes to you. More than
two_ million people use them. Also Balcony
( and Roof Dryers.

oy If not found at hardware store,

The Only Way to Grow Large
Mild Onions

ae is a class of large, mild-flavored
onions, of which Prizetaker is the
best known, which to be successfully grown
must be started in hotbeds about January
15th, in order that bulbs of large size may
be properly grown and ripened off before the
fall frosts arrive.

MAKING THE HOTBED

Make the hotbed two to two and a half
feet deep, of well prepared horse manure.
Collect the droppings every day; put them
under an open shed, or cellar, to keep off
rain and snow; turn frequently, to keep them
from burning; and when sufficient quantity
has been gathered make the bed.

Put the manure in even layers, and thor-
oughly tread it down, to keep the heat in.
As soon as this is done, put on from four to
six inches of good, rich soil. Put the sash
on, and cover with mats or salt hay, and
shutters. Bank the sides and ends of the
frames with manure eighteen inches wide,
to keep out the cold. Leave the bed in this
condition for three or four days, to allow it
to settle and warm through.

SOWING THE SEED

Sow the seed in drills one inch deep and
four inches apart. I usually mark off the
rows with a rake handle. Sow the seed
rather thick, so as to get a good stand, cover
with the hand, and rake the surface very
lightly. Then I take a piece of board the
length of the sash and one foot wide, place it
on the bed, and walk on it, to thoroughly firm
the soil. The seed germinates much better
when this is done. Give a light sprinkling
of water with a fine-rosed watering can.
Cover with sash, and protect at night with
mats and shutters.

Remove the covering on all bright, mild
days, and if the temperature of the frame
rises above 80°, give a little air from ten until
two o’clock, closing up the frame while the
sun is still on it, in order to retain as much
warmth as possible. If the hotbed is prop-
erly made, no air will be necessary until
the young onions appear, which will be in
about two weeks.

WATERING AND AIRING

After the onions are up, exercise great care
in airing and watering the hotbed, giving air
only on bright and mild days. Maintain a
temperature of 60° or 65° but, as the onions
grow, gradually reduce it to -50°. Cold
draughts must always be avoided. Water the
young onions very sparingly, and use a fine-

| JANUARY, 1907

mo.f ill AR uN
YY YS, ay aa aor (Xx) IAS

Garden a
Floral Guide

Interesting Descriptions Ample Cultural Directions
Accurate I[lustrations

CONCISE

en weaane
AN io ae

ROA RETO Rey!
ON SAR Ax epic YX AY
ay
0

THOROUGH COMPLETE

The Pioneer Catalogue in the Modern Intelligent Study of §

Attistic and Profitable Methods

For Garden and Conservatory

It represents the experience of over half a century in Nature’s
highest art. If you want to know

WHAT
TO PLANT

Send for it. No charge for catalogue or postage

James Vick’s Sons
A382 Main Street Rochester, N. Y.

TEER Gr DENG MEAG A ZEN © 307

What Planning Ahead Means

Most of us spend some few evenings along in the winter planning what we are
going to do and plant in the garden the coming spring; it’s pleasurable work, too
—not the sort of pleasure that’s more than half in the anticipation; nature and
only nature actually gives full rewards. Then there is the greenhouse, it’s inter-
esting work planning the best place to build it, how it will look if placed as close
to the house as you really want it—what you will grow, but the real enjoyment
comes when things actually are growing in it—the few hours a week spent begin
to yield their bloom wealth, and vegetables come along with all their out-of-season
zest—that’s why you ought to have a greenhouse. Send 5c. in stamps for “ How
to Get Started with a Greenhouse ’’—and begin planning at once. We build the
very best kind of house—not cheap, clap-trap affairs—and you can be assured of
pleasant dealing.

HCHINES ee COMPANY, antares

MANUFACTURERS OF

Heating and Ventilating Apparatus,1170 Broadway,N.Y.
F—t» co*

”?

It is especially valuable in the farm “home,

FARMING for one dollar and in addition give you a

ment from any of the latter class of accidents,

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The subscription price of FARMING is one dollar, and the policy we offer will pay One Thousand Dollars

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See eee ee ee

308 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JANUARY, I1907

Now 6 One Time to Bind Vol. IV of
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

=~ AUGUST, 1906, TO JANUARY, 1907, INCLUSIVE
_ Price, Bound, Complete, ( serio ) $1.35

Or we will bind your own copies for - - 75¢

ees
NAGAZIN
Pa

It is not too late also to purchase former
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clusive)and thus own the set of beautiful,
practical and interesting books, from the
beginning: The price of Volumes II and
III, while the few copies we have remain
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Or, if the six copies of either volume are returned to us by ex-
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Back numbers 10 cents each, prepaid, excepting October, 1905,
and 1906, which are 25 cents, prepaid, and February and April, 1905,
and November, 1906, which are out of print. Any copies of incom-
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If you wish us to mail solani: add 32c. each for postage, or 12c. each for mailing the covers.

Plan Your Garden Now

Now is the time to plan your garden for 1907. Allow us to help you. If you
desire information on any subject, simply write to us, and we will cheerfully assist you

in every way possible. “There is absolutely no charge for any information we >_may
give you, and you are under no obligation to patronize us.

W. W. RAWSON & CO.,

High Grade Seeds and Plants,
5 Union Street, ; BOSTON, MASS.

rosed watering can. After they have made
a good start, give a thorough soaking twice a
week, and plenty of air, taking the sash off
entirely on pleasant days. Pay strict atten-
tion to weeding, and once a week at least,
thoroughly stir the surface of the soil, to
sweeten it. A light dressing of air-slacked
lime strewn over the surface, will be very
beneficial.

By the middle of March the onions will
have attained the size of a lead pencil.
Harden them by leaving the sash off at
night, except when there is danger of a hard
frost, then about four inches of air can be
left on by raising the sash at the back, and
placing under it a block of wood. This will
promote a sturdy growth, and fit them for
their final quarters, to which they may be
transplanted anywhere between March 15th
and April rst, according to the weather.

TRANSPLANTING TO THE OPEN

Onions delight in a cool, moist situation,
and the soil cannot be made too rich. A
liberal dressing of horse, hog, or chicken
manure, well rotted, and thoroughly dug
into the soil, is essential to success.

My method of transplanting onions is as
follows: With a hoe make drills three inches
deep and sixteen inches apart, set the plants
four to six inches apart in the row, and about
one and one-half inches deep. When taking
them up from the hotbed, use a digging fork,
being careful to get all the roots possible.
Cut off about two inches of the onion tops
(with a sharp knife or sheep shears, making
a clean cut). This prevents them from
toppling over, and they root much quicker.
Place them in a basket, or flat; cover the
roots with damp moss, to keep them from
sun and wind, and transfer them to their
quarters at once. Lay out the onions at the
required distance. When ready for planting
hold the onion in the left hand, giving it a
slanting position, and with the right pull in
the soil. Avoid cramping the roots. Firm
well, and water thoroughly.

Cultivate thoroughly with a hand culti-
vator twice a week, keeping out all weeds;
give frequent dressings of commercial fer-
tilizer and nitrate of soda, and should thrip
or onion maggot attack them, give a good
dusting of soot or wood ashes, when the dew
is on them.

HARVESTING THE CROP

As soon as the bulbs have matured thor-
oughly, which will be indicated by the tops
turning yellow and bending down, pull them
up. Select a dry, pleasant day for this.
Throw them in windrows, putting four rows
together; turn them over every day with the
hands. After they have dried, place them in
a cool, dry cellar or shed that is frost proof.
Look at them once a week, picking out any
bad ones there may be, to prevent them from
spoiling the good ones.

Onions grown in this way, which is often
spoken of as the “new onion culture,” may
be had from twelve to fifteen inches in cir-
cumference. Their keeping qualities are
far superior to the smaller ones, the seeds of
which are sown outdoors in April.

Yonkers, N. Y. GEORGE STANDEN.

aeeey

Ven 7

Do you know the rare fascination of growing Cacti? Unless
you do you have missed the richest treat in the whole field of
amateur horticulture. A peculiar charm attaches to these strange,
beautiful plant heroes of the desert. To the collector, or even to
the grower of a few plants, they are full of romance and interest,
and no hobby is more satisfactory.

Cacti are especially adapted to the window garden or the
“house garden.” They will stand the ordinary abuse that kills
most plants. Moderate chills are not injurious, and if you for-
get to water them it does little harm. But no plant responds
more satisfactorily to the care and attention that cactus growers
usually bestow upon them.

A small collection costs moderately, and will give a garden of
constant delight and frequent surprises for years. We suggest
the following selections:

COLLECTIONS.

1. 15 Cactiand Succulents * $1.50
2. 20 ee ee ee 2.
= 25 oe ee ee 2.50
peed Or bee ose 3.00
4 30 oe ee se 3.50
6. 40 oe oe oe 4.00
5 50 oe oe ee 5.00
a eS (flowering size)

January, 1907 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 309

A Concrete Residence at Woodmere, L. I.

is the title of a new book

6é . 99
Concrete Country Residences” 3S iS.ci by The Atle

Portland Cement Company. This book contains about 90 photographs and floor plans
illustrating numerous styles of concrete houses, and should be of great value to those who
are about to build. It has been collated for the purpose of showing prospective house
builders the many advantages to be derived from a concrete dwelling. ‘| A copy of this
book (size 10x 12 inches) will be sent, charges paid, upon receipt of $1.00.

We deal exclusively in Cacti, Succulents, odd and rare plants. Our
illustrated catalogue is of especial interest on this account. It is sent free. THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY
FRANK WEINBURG, Woodside, L. I. 30 BROAD STREET — (Address Inquiry Dep't) NEW YORK CITY

SERVICE FOR READERS
OF

The Garden Magazine

The publishers of THE GARDEN Mac-
AZINE will be glad to give its readers
information on points relating to garden-

ing, the country home and grounds, and
advice where equipment and supplies
not found in the advertising pages can
be obtained. Address

Readers’ Service Dept.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

133-137 East 16th Street, New York

1 :

4 spring gardening. Don’t wait until the last minute when the rushis on. Send

Growing Tomatoes for Quality,
Quantity and Earliness

is the name of the best booklet ever issued on the subject of tomato culture. It
contains 30 pages and illustrations fully describing the Potter method of raising
tomatoes. By this method you can have bigger and better fruit and weeks
earlier than otherwise It teaches the secret and science of tomato culture;
forcing the fruit by systematic cultivation and pruning. This book is invalu- §
able to every gardener, whether he grows one dozen or one thuusand vines.
The subjects covered are: History of the Tomato; Its Nature and Habit; §
Tomato Culture in General; The Potter-Method; Plants and Planting; Home-
Grown Plants; Preparing the Ground; Setting the Plants; Cultivation; Pruning
and Staking the Vines; Picking the Fruit; Ripe Tomatoes at Christmas;
40 Tomato Recipes Best Tomato Seeds. The information is condensed and
to the point—just what every grower wants.

The cut herewith shows one ofa large number of vines in my garden this §
season. Notice that each stalk is loaded with large, perfect fruit from top to
bottom. Thisis the result of my method. Itis easy to raise this kind of fruit
when you know how. Just send for my book—price so0c., postage or money §
order. Your money back if not satistactory.

FREE SEED—To everyone ordering my booklet within the next 30 davs §
T will send FREE with each book one package each of the best varieties of early §
and late tomatoes. I make this offerso that you will get ready now for your §

for my booklet to-day and I know you will be thankful that you made sucha wise §
investment. T. F. POTTER, Tomato Specialist, Downers Grove. III. y

“SCALECIDE”

will positively destroy all soft bodied, sucking
insects, including all forms of San José scale.
It is simple, cheap, easily applied and wonderfully
effective. Endorsed by government experiment
stations, agricultural schools and thousands of fruit growers

The above pictures are made from photographs taken at Sound Beach, Conn., in June, 1906. They were ina like condition the year before. The right hand tree was
sprayed with Scalecide and saved. The other tree was left unsprayed and has been killed by scale. For further information address DEPARTMENT I.

B. G. PRATT CO., Mfg. Chemists, 11 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

310 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

| is the title of a series of articles begun in /loral Life for January,
in which will be given the botanical and common names, the history

# and attributes, the weak and strong points and the cultural require-

f ments of the plants generally grown in home flower gardens. A

f complete guide to home floriculture. Floral Life during 1907 will
contain many other features which make it

| INDISPENSABLE TO EVERY LOVER OF FLOWERS.

| The subscription price is only 25 cents a year, though mechanically and editorially //Zoral Life is fully the equal of many dollar-a-year
journals. The low price has been made in order to introduce the magazine into every home where flowers are grown. For only 10
cents we will send /V/oral Life three months on trial and "
OUR BEGINNER'S COLLECTION OF FLOWER SEEDS.
Alyssum—Double, sweet; fine f r low bedding.
Aster—Flowers large and gorgeous in color
Candytuft—Profuse bloomer; fine for edgings,

Cosmos—Large flowering, color pleasing; fine.

Cypress Vine—Robust climber ; feathery foliage.
Dahlia—Assorted colors; produce the finest kinds
Forget-Ne-Not—Dainty little flowers for borders.

One packet each of the ten kinds and floral Life three months, only 10 cents.
| THE YOUNG & BENNETT CO., Publishers, Box 264, Springfield, Ohio. ‘*Where the Flowers Grow.”

H. E. FISKE SEED COMPANY

12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square, Boston, Mass.

We are now located in our new Store, occupying the entire building at 12 and 13 Faneuil Hall
Square. Our facilities have been greatly increased for handling large or small orders for Seeds, Plants,
Bulbs, Shrubs, etc. A practical experience of 25 years in the growing and caring for seed enables us to offer

. Highest Grade Seeds

thoroughly tested and of known vitality. Fiske’s Seeds are the kind you can depend on, and they are sold
at a reasonable price. Write for a copy of our new catalogue, which contains a complete list of highest
grade Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Poultry Supplies and Sundries.

Marigold—The well-known old garden favorite.
Poppy—Fasily grown; produces brilliant flowers.
Zinnias— Profuse and persistent bloomers ; mixed.

Shotguns and Rifl es

never fai to bring

down the game—1r

aimed right. If it’sa

“Stevens” you can

be sure it is always

ready, accurate
and _ safe.

NO FORM OF NITROGEN
is so auickly available, or so positive in its
results for the vegetable garden, on the lawn,
for shrubbery or trees as a top dressing of

NITRATE OF SODA

(THE STANDARD FERTILIZER)

Send your name and address on Post-Card and we will send
you, as long as the edition lasts,

‘*Food for Plants’’

a most valuable book of 237 pages. dealing with the use of
Nitrate of Soda as a fertilizer, giving detailed information
covering a list of trials at Agricultural Experiment Stations
throughout the United States and on all sorts of crops.
Mention magazine in which this advertisement is seen, and
address

Our 140-page
Catalog FREE

tells all about the famous Stevens shotguns,
rifles and pistols; cartridges, the care of fire-
arms, notes on ammunition, sights, targets,
cleaning rods, reloading implements, and
much more valuable information. Send four
cents in stamps and we will mail it free.
Order from us if dealers won’t supply.

J. STEVENS ARMS AND TOOL CO.
420 Pine Street
Chicopee Falls, Mass., U. S. A.

WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director
John Street and 71 Nassau St., New York, N.Y.

Books by Rudyard Kipling

Published by Doubleday, Page & Co., New York

WO
PUCK OF POOK’S HILL.
They ( Illustrated Holiday Edition) Net $1.50, Postage 15c.
Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50
The Five Nations. Net $z.40, postage 1 4c.
Just So Stories. Net $1.20, postage 12c.
The Just So Song Book. Net $1.20, postage 12c.
Kim. $1.50

The Kipling Birthday Book. $1.00
Life’s Handicap: Being Stories of Mine Own People. $1.50
Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Wee
Willie Winkie. $1.50

From Sea to Sea. Two Volumes.
The Light That Failed. $1.50
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(With Wolcott Balestier.) The Naulahka.

$2.00

$1.00

The Day’s Work. $1.50 “ Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room
Stalky & Co. $1.50 Ballads. $1.50

The Brushwood Boy. $1.50 Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys and In Black
Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50 and White. $1.50

1907

JANUARY,

UTILIZE THE BONES

E. H., Mass.—You can turn all of those bones into fer-
tilizer at no cost, other than a little labor. Into the bottom
of a barrel put a 6-inch layer of soil then a like layer of
closely packed bones. Cover these with some wood ashes
and dampen the whole with some liquid manure from the
stable. As fast as the bones accumulate make successive
layers until the barrel is full. On the top plant something
which will make a thick sod—clover for instance. In about
a year empty the barrel and thoroughly mix its contents,
then put in a pile and allow to stand for a month when it
will be ready for use. This fertilizer will be rich in both
potash and phosphoric acid.

PREVENTIVE FOR CELERY BLIGHT

A. S. D., lowa—The only disease which attacks celery
goes under the name of “celery blight.” While the plants
are young spray with Bordeaux mixture but later spray
with the ammoniacal copper carbonate solution as this
will not stain the plants. To make, use copper carbonate
five ounces, ammonia (26° Beaumé) three pints, water
forty five gallons. Make a paste of the copper carbonate
with a little water. Dilute the ammonia with seven or eight
times as much water. Add the paste to the diluted
ammonia and stir until dissolved, then allow solution to
settle and use only the clear liquid to which add enough
water to make forty-five gallons. The solution loses its
value by standing.

CARE OF HYDRANGEAS

J. N. O., Mass.—H ydrangea hortensis is hardy at least
as far north as Boston, i. e. the roots will live over winter
if mulched, but the tops will die back to the ground. The
usual practice is to dig them up as soon as the first heavy

frost threatens and pot, using a fairly rich compost.

| preferably the latter.

Store in a cool, frostproof place and water spar-
ingly—keep them on the dry side but do not allow
the wood to shrivel. This will ripen the wood, and
they will be in good condition to force by January or
they may be left in storage until spring, and again
planted in the open for flowers in August. At Newport,
R. L., this hydrangea (and its many varieties) is carried
over by laying down the canes and covering with earth.
For Easter flower, bring the plants into a cool house (45° to
50° night temperature) in January. When they have made
a new growth of two or three inches gradually raise the
temperature (2° or 3° a week) to sixty-five degrees. The
trusses will be fairly well developed by that time—middle
to last of February. When the flowers have turned to a
rosy blush, remove the plants to a cool place.

GRAPE PROPAGATION

A. E. G., Mass.—The wild grape is easily propagated
by seeds which may be sown outdoors as soon as ripe, in
October, or they may be stratified and stored in a cool
place where they will not be destroyed by vermin—mice,
etc. Some growers prefer to start them under glass giving
them a gentle bottom heat. The grape is easily increased
by layering either green or ripened wood. Cover the canes
with two or three inches of soil in either fall or spring,
In August or September lift the canes
and they will have roots to every joint. Divide into sep-
arate plants. The easiest way of increasing the grape is
by hardwood cuttings taken any time between November
and February. In commercial vineyards the prunings are
used. Make the cuttingslong enough +o include two or three
buds. Tie in bundles of twenty-five to fifty, bury them
half their depth in damp sand and store im a cool dark

| cellar. Be sure to get the butt ends of the cuttings in the

sand. By spring the cuttings will be callused. Plant

| them in the open when the soil can be worked (April).

Set six to eight inches apart in rows three feet apart and
deep enough so that only one bud is above the ground.

|
|

JANUARY, 1907

’ Prepare for
the Spring by
early planning.

stock of Flowering
Shrubs, Hardy Herba-
ceous Perennials, Roses
and Hardy Chrysanthemums,
with Native Perennials for the
’ Wild Garden.

Catalogue sent on application.

Shatemuc Nurseries
Barrytown, Dutchess Co., New York

THE ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT
AMERICAN ELM

(Ulmus Americana),

the most noble of all our native trees,
without a rival for lawn, street or
avenue planting, majestic, graceful,
long-lived, hardy. We offer overa
thousand Nursery-grown Elmsfrom
15 to 25 feet high and 2 to 12 inches
in diameter. These trees are grown
on land peculiarly adapted to pro-
ducinga splendid root system.

Wagon delivery is recommended
for shorthauls, but if the trees are to
go long distances, economical freight rates can be arranged.

PRICES OF THESE ELMS ON APPLICATION
STATE SIZE AND QUANTITY REQUIRED

THE ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT
1907 xew catalog ready January fifteenth.

AMERICAN ELM

DON'T STARVE YOUR PLANTS

Plants will sometimes live in any
old soil with ordinary fertilizer, but

J ifyou want them to look thrifty, have
a fine green foliage,make vigorous
growth and bloom profusely,
use BONOR A, the natural plant
food. When you buy ordinary fertil-
izer only about one-fourth dissolves
and is used by the plants and a very
small part of that is what the plant

needs.

BONORA is not any old thing
ground up and sold as a fertil-
< er izer, but is the result of a life time

28 2S . study bya noted jocuman enemise

= . tis a compound of chemicals in just

BonorA Guemicat C0 | the proportions needed by the plant,

sa anditall dissolves and is all used by
the plant.

It is endorsed by Luther Burbank
and Eben Rexford and all leading
florists. Trial package, making 28 gals, postpaid, for6sc. Larger
package, making 140 gals., by express, $2.50. Prices for larger
quantities on application. Write for endorsements and circulars.

BONORA CHEMICAL COMPANY :
586 Broadway - - - New York City

Advice on What to Plant
and Where to Plant It

FRANK HAMILTON

Landscape Gardener

Bryant Building, 55 Liberty Street, New York
: Tel. 1286 Cortlandt

Hardy vines, Plants, Peonies, Phlox, Iris,
Shrubs, Bulbs, Fruit and Ornamental Trees,
Roses. Full line. Wholesale prices. Buy
Write for free Catalog.

direct from grower.

S4 Trust Building,
ROCHESTER. N. Y.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

FARMING
FOR 1907

LMANACS are the oldest form of
agricultural literature. When Ben-
jamin Franklin issued “ Poor Rich-
ard” in 1733 a host of them was

already in existence. To-day they are as

much a part of a real farmhouse as the
haircloth sofa or a copy of Bunyan’s ‘“ Pil-
grim’s Progress.”

Our reason for publishing the “ Farming
Almanac for 1907 ” is the same that induced
us to publish Farming when there were
already 435 agricultural papers in the field.
The instant success of farming demon-
strates what was clear to us in advance,
that while there was no room at the bottcm
of the ladder, there was plenty at the top.

Either the multitude of other almanacs
will have to come up to our standard, or
we shall have the field all to ourselves. It
will be bigger and better even than we first
contemplated. Just glance over these con-
tents and tell us honestly if you don’t want
a copy of it.

CONTENTS.

The Moon; What its Effect is
on Weather and Crops.

How to Obtain Standard Time. |

Rates of Postage.

Game Laws of the United States.

Legal Holidays in the Various
States.

Rules of Foretelling the Weather
with and without a Barometer.

Description of the Weather Bu-
reau, its Free Service, and the
Meaning of the Weather Sig-
nals.

When to Expect the First Frost.

Organization of the United States
Department of Agriculture,
What its Special Purpose is,
and How it Will Help the
Farmer.

Farm Law.

Name and Location of all the
State Experiment Stations with
a Note of their Free Service to
Farmers.

Farmers’ National Congress.

National Wool Growers’ Associ-
ation.

SPECIAL:

tion.

tion.

tion.

Merchants.

Association.

stitutes.

wheat,

Beans, Flax.

to the farm.

THE FARMING ALMANAC
Postage paid

Twenty-five Cents

NOW READY

THISMS ONLY A PARTIAL, List
OF THE SUBJECTS COVERED

National Dairy Association.
National Forestry Association.
National Good Roads Associa-

National Bee Keepers’ Associa-

National Federation of Horti-
cultural Societies.
National Nut Growers’ Associa-

National League of Commission
National Live Stock

Southern Cotton Association. l
Names and Addresses of Offi- |
cials in Charge of Farmers’ In-

Acreage, Production, Value, Gen-
eral Information and Statistics
of the Principal Farm Crops,
Fruits and Vegetables of the
United States in 1906.

Wheat, Oats, Rye, Barley, Buck-

Cotton, Sugar, Hay,

Rice, Hops, Potatoes, Onions,

There will be twelve “immediate service coupons” in the back of each
volume which will insure an immediate answer by an expert to any question pertaining

See CIAO EE RS

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th Street, New York City

Tue GARDEN
MAGAZINE

COUNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD's WORK -
IN AMERICA FARMING

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE &CO. NEW YORK

Information and Statistics of the
Live Stock in the U.S., includ-
ing Cattle, Horses, Mules,
Sheep, Poultry, Milk, Butter,
Egg and Cheese Statistics.

A Spray Calendar.

How and When to Spray.

Principal Insect Enemies and Dis-
eases of Crops and How to
Identify Them.

Formulas for Mixing Home
Made Fertilizers.

Farm Arithmetic.

Simple Remedies for the Dis-
eases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep,
Poultry, etc.

A Farmer’s Model Vegetable
Garden.

Planting Time Table of Fruits,
Vegetables and Field Crops.
Distances Recommended for

Planting Fruit Trees.

Seeds Usually Sown to the Acre.

First Help in Case of Accidents
and Rules of Health.

Useful Recipes and Household
Hints.

Breeders’

THE FARMING ALMANAC

Postage paid, and one year’s sub-
scription to Farming. Both for

One Dollar

312 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

THE HOT =AIR PUMP
LASTS A LIFETIME

POTOMAC, FREDERICKSBURG & PIEDMONT RAILROAD CO.
GENERAL MANAGER’S OFFICE
W. H. Richards, Treas. & Gen’l Mg’r.

FREDERICKSBURG, VA., December 17, 1904.
Rider-Ericsson Engine Co,, New York.

Dear Sirs :—Send us, please, one of your catalogues from which we can
designate the parts of Pump, etc., when ordering same. We now need some
parts for a Rider No. 1240 Pump bought some 20 years since (still doing good
service). Respectfully, W. H. Ricuarps

The ordinary pump soon wears out. The HOT-AIR PUMP is a
permanent investment. Write to nearest office for catalogue U.

5 Warren Street, ~ - = NEW YORK

e e 3
= 239 Franklin Street, 2 BOSTON
Rider Ericsson 40 Dearborn Street, - - - CHICAGO
mache Cn Boe 2 Be
234 Craig Street, est, ahOs
ngi ne O. 22 Pitt Street, - SYDNYY,N.S. W

Amargura 96, - 2 HAVANA, CUBA

Sweet, Fragrant Lily of the Valley

Do you wish a succession of these delicious blossoms for your
home through bleak winter? Plantthe pips in pots or boxes—12 to
5 inch pot—using good soil, leaving crowns half exposed. Place
out doors or in cool cellar. Hard frost does not injure them. Bring
in as needed and place in warm spot; never allow to get dry; flowers
appear 4-5 weeks. We offer, delivery free, doz. ,40c; 25,75c; 100,$2.75.

Paper- White Narcissus

Great, glistening bunches of pure satiny-white flowers—raised in water same as Chinese Naicissus. Place
6 or 8 bulbs in a bowl, supporting them with pebbles or gravel; keepin dark place till roots form and tops
appear; bring to light and sun; flowers in 5 to 6 weeks. Succession of bloom by planting some bulbs
every week. Per doz., 50c; 25, $1.00; 100, $3.00. Detivery FREE.

IXIAS

are natives of the Cape. Too little known, as their exquisite, delicate beauty
deserves. A riot of color, all shades, from white, rose, scarlet, red, yellow, pur-
ple, violet. Beautiful for window garden. To introduce them we offer as
premiums, free,
Each 50c order, 12 Ixias, all colors.
“é $1.00 ce 30 ce oe
é 3.00 oe 100 ae “ce

Send your name to be placed on our mailing list for our 1907 Spring
Catalogue.

hott. BERGER & CO:

ESTABLISHED 1878

47 Barclay Street New York

SEEDS THAT GROW! ws. BEST SEEDS geycx.,

—as proved by thousands of tests at the Largest
Trial Grounds in America, you should read

Burpee’s Farm Annual for 1907,—
“The Leading American Seed Catalog”’

A handsome book of 200 pages with beautiful half-tone illustrations from photographs, it tells the
plain truth! Among other important Novelties for 1907, six pages are devoted to two unique ““NEw
CREATIONS,’ in which nature has surpassed herself. ‘These are the most wonderful advances over
existing types that have ever been known in any vegetable. ‘Their discovery will be worth many
thousands of dollars annually to American gardeners.

has-If you can appreciate Quality in Seeds and are willing to pay a fair price, write
to-day (a postal card will do) and you will receive our Complete Catalog by return mail.

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

JANUARY, 1907

PROPAGATING ASPARAGUS

H. H.S., Mass.—As paragus S prengeriis easily propagated
by seeds which ripen about mid-winter. If sown at once
they germinate quickly. Old plants may be divided. 4.
plumosus and smilax (A. medeoloides, known in the
trade as myrsiphyllum asparagoides), are grown from
seeds sown in February.

PROPAGATING ARAUCARIAS

P. T. N., Penn.—The araucarias may be grown from seeds
or from cuttings. Sow the seeds in December. Top cut-
tings are the only ones to use. If cuttings are made from
the branches the plants willbe one-sided. To get sufficient
top cuttings, after the leader has been taken out and the new
shoots used, girdle the trunk just above the second whorl of
branches from the top. This will cause a lot of new shoots
to start. Cuttings will root in a cool house, if they have
bottom heat, in eight to ten weeks.

STORING CALADIUMS

F. A. B., Iowa—Fancy-leaved caladiums (C. bicolor)
are dried off gradually until the bulbs are thoroughly
ripened. They are left in the pots in which they grew
during the summer and stored in a temperature between
50° and 60°. The common elephant’s ear (Colocasia anti-
quorum, var. esculenta known in the trade as Caladium
esculentum), 1s taken out of the ground as soon as frost
has touched its leaves, the leaves trimmed off, and stored
in the cellar or under greenhouse benches where it will be
dry and away from frost.

CARE OF FALL SOWN SWEET PEAS

G. W. D., Ohio.—Sweet peas sown late in September will
start to grow immediately and will have made an appreciable
growth before hard frost comes. To protect the young
plants over winter give a mulch three or four inches deep
of salt hay, loose litter, or other coarse material. The
young plants cannot stand too deep a cover over winter.
It is not the cold of winter which injures them but the
thawing and freezing of the early spring which does the
damage, so increase the mulch in March. Asan additional
protection put up a wind break—a 1o- or 12-inch board
set on edge on the north side of the row.

PROLONGING LIFEIN OLD TREES

W.P. F., Penn.—To preserve the old oak trees, the
decayed and dead branches should be carefully pruned
back to the trunk or main side limbs. In many cases a
live growth may be encouraged by heading back the living
branches two or three feet, as the case may be, to a strong-
appearing side branch, which will thereby make a new
growth, to take the place of the part cut away. Paint all
wounds made by the cutting off of branches, to prevent
further decay, and encourage the bark to heal over the
wound. A good paint for this purpose is made from one
part finely powdered charcoal and three parts fresh slaked
lime mixed with linseed oil to the consistency of thick
paint. To encourage a new root action a top dressing
of good loam may be put over the ground in the spring
to a depth of from six to twelve inches, as the surroundings
will permit, and if a liberal quantity of good manure is
added (mixed with the loam) the results will be better.

J. FE: D:

TRANSPLANTING TREES

W. J. B., Penn.—The best time to move your pin oak
(Quercus palustris) and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
will be in the spring. Even small trees of the dogwood
cannot be moved in the fall; small pin oaks can be but only
with considerable risk, so you had better delay moving
until spring. ‘To insure success root-prune trees. Dig a
trench about the tree as far from the trunk as the branches
extend—four feet will be plenty for your trees as they are
only five years old—and two feet or more deep. The
idea is to make the large roots throw out a mass of
fibrous roots. In the spring be careful not to injure
these mew roots, and when you have taken the ball
of earth and roots out of the soil cover it with damp sacking
to keep the roots from drying. Better success will be had
with these trees if the ground is prepared this fall. Dig
a hole four feet square and two and a half or three feet
deep where the tree is to stand. When removing the soil
throw the stones in a pile by themselves. The bottom of
the hole should be picked loose. Put the stones in the
bottom of the hole for drainage and then fill the hole with
good soil. The best way to do this is to have piles of peat
and manure beside the hole. Throw in a 3 or 4-inch
layer of soil, then one of manure, and one of peat and mix
them inthe hole. Repeat this until the hole is full. Round
the top to allow for settling. Put a stake in the centre of
this trenched ground so that next spring you will know
just where to plant the tree.

Co —

|

as NUARY, 1907

Anew way

‘of selling Seeds

My new 1907 catalogue of vegetable and
flower seeds is different from any thing I ever saw
before, and I think it will help my customers to
be successful with their gardens.

In the first place it shows by true photographs exactly what has been grown
from my seeds, and gives you exact directions how to obtain the same results.

I have a unique way of selling seeds. Instead of looking through the bewilder-
ing variety of vegetables in the different catalogues (my own included), you have in

‘Stokes’ Standards”’

the benefit of 25 years of practical experience with all varieties of vegetables; also
the result of thousands of experiments at my Floracroft Trial Grounds. You can have
as successful a garden, as if you had specialized in each vegetable for years.

I am an optimist as far as gardens are concerned, and I am very glad to have you
write to me about your garden problems. I am sure I can help you.

Write today for my new catalogue, and my new way of selling.

SLOKES, SEED STORE

Walter P. Stokes, of the late firm of Johnson & Stokes

219 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

313

PREPARE FOR SPRING PLANTING

Everything Worth Growing

WEEPING BLUE SPRUCE. This most DECORATIVE and FLOWERI
wonderful weeping conifer is the most dis- PLANTS, 50 varieties.
tinct weeping tree in existence. No lawn is
eouipicte withcut one; ask price.

ROSES, 500 varieties.

CONIFERS & EVERGREEN S,150 varieties

RHODODENDRONS, 5° varieties.

EVERGREEN SHRUBS, 35 varieties.

FLOWERING SHRUBS, SONNE NES:

JAPANESE MAPLES, 25 varietie

ORNAMENTAL DECIDU OUS ‘SH ADE
TREES, 125 varietie

WEEPING and STANDARD DECIDU-
OUS TREES, 50 varieties.

HEDGE PLANTS, 2s kinds.

HARDY VINES & CLIMBERS «o varieties.

PLANTS & TRAILING VINES 12 varieties

SPRING and SUMMER FLOWERING
BULBS, 250 varieties.

ricots, Cherries, Pears, Appies, etc.
SMALL FRUITS, 75 varieties.
JT TREES, 10 varieties.

Be

NTS and VINES, 25 varieties.

a,

TEROREENS, 35 Varieties

‘ashioned Flowers), 1,500 varieties.

pels

LEN NIALS, 65 varieties.
ORNAMENTAL GRASSES, 30 varieties.
HARDY FERNS, 50 varieties.

NG
TRAINED and OTHER FRUIT TREES.

We can supply in any quantity and in all
varieties; Nectarines, Peaches, Plums, Ap-

SCELLANEOUS NEW and RARE
if v and RARE TREES, SHRUBS and

<DY HERBACEOUS PLANTS (Old
=W and RARE CHOICE HARDY PE-

All of the above and many others now growing in our Nurseries are enumerated and described in

our New Illustrated General Catalogue, which we will mail
free to parties desiring to beautify their grounds.
ihe will be glad to have intending purchasers visit our Nurseries where they
will find the most complete collection of stock to make their grounds beautifu

PUBS & AMES SiGe) RUTHERFORD, N. J.

A Word About Our Spring Catalog!

It will be ready to mail to every name on
our list in February.

With all due modesty, we believe we can
say that nothing quite so artistic and unusual
has ever been issued by a Nursery.

We say ARTISTIC because it will be pro-
fusely illustrated with hundreds of cuts of all the
best Trees, Shrubs, Evergreens and Perennials.

We say UNUSUAL because in addition to

the many handsome cuts, there will be a full and
detailed description of each plant,—when it
blooms, time to plant, and a great many other

valuable facts about flowers which are often

overlooked in many Catalogs.

If You are Contemplating

planting anything this spring, or even desire to
keep posted on the newest improved varieties of
Ornamentals,—write usand we will mail you a

copy.
PETER’S NURSERY COMPANY

Box No. 307 KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Be LiriTa hee R ROAR LARA LETRAS ih SR
ee ee eee

Erected a panleen Caiketeny: Candenine Ih
O greater respect can be shown for our

loved ones than atribute of this kind. De-
signs will be submitted upon request without

N

charge for Monuments, Mausoleums, Statuary,
Crosses, Altars, Fonts, and Garden Furniture
in Granite, Marble, and Bronze.

LELAND & HALL COMPANY,
557 Fifth Avenue, New York.

Studios: Pietrasanta, Italy
Long Island City

Granite Works:
Barre, Vermont

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

ZO ACT,

HIGHEST GRADE sy SPECIAL TEST e

‘®
ey *o

AMERICAN
FORK & HOE C9

IRUE TEMPER a)

FARM AND GARDEN HAND-TOOLS

The Best Tools You |

Have Ever Bought
Same Prices You Have Always Paid

That’s What ‘*True Temper’?
Label Stands For

TUDY it well. Because the better you

know ‘‘True Temper,’’ the more you will

appreciate how much it means to you.

The forks, hoes and rakes we manufacture
have long been famous for their excellence.
Some of our brands are nearly three-quarters
of a century old.

But we also make many other Hand-Tools
of valuable sfectal-pur pose features that mean
a big saving in time, labor and money.

Ask Y our Dealer For

[RUETEMPER Tools

All tools must pass tests and inspections, and
only those which prove ¢rze in quality, construc-
tion, “hang’’ and femper are labeled “True

Temper.”
_ The line includes Forks, Hoes, Rakes,
Hooks, Weeders, Cultivators, Beet ‘Tools,

Floral Tools—every desirable pattern of hand-
tools.

Write for our FREE BOOK, ‘Tools and
Their Uses.” It shows hundreds of special-
Purpose tools and tells you how to save time,
Inbor and money. Just drop us a postal

'o-d95- AMERICAN FORK & HOE CO.

188 American Trust Bldg. Cleveland, Ohio

OUR TREES BEAR FRUIT

THEY REPRESENT PENNSYLVANIA'S
BEST, SPECIAL FINE STOCK FOR SPRING,

Early orders solicited. Largest and most complete line
of Trees, Vines and Plants in Western Pennsylvania.
Highest endorsement by State Department of Agricul-
ture. Apple, Peach, Plum, Pear and Cherry Trees
by the tens of thousands. A full and complete line of
stock ‘of“every description, and the best grown stock in
America. Write to-day for our fine illustrated cata-
logue ‘and price list.

THE RIVERSIDE NURSERY COMPANY

CONFLUENCE, PENNA.

FERTILIZERS

How to Use Hen Manure

| Pas MANURE furnishes fertilizing ele-

ments in more concentrated form than
any other manure. Owing to its concentra-
tion, it should be mixed with some less active
material to increase its bulk. The character
of material to add depends toa great extent on
whether the garden soil is light and sandy
ora heavy clay. For either light or heavy
soils it may be mixed with wood ashes,
using one to three parts of hen manure to
one of ashes. For light, sandy soils with
little humus mix with three or four times as
much rich loam or leaf mold. For heavy
clay soils use a sandy loam in place of the
leaf mold, or road dust, or even coal ashes.
Either of these composts may be applied as
top-dressings or directly to the plants. Ona
heavy clay loam soil, I have used the refuse
from the hennery composted with wood and
coal ashes in the proportions mentioned and
one part of this mixture was incorporated
with ten parts of stable manure.

New York.

Ito 8518}.

Forcing Roses for Easter

O into the garden now, dig up a few roots

of hybrid perpetual and rambler roses,
and put themin the cellar. Bring them into
heat (or the window will do), about January
15th. Prune to leave only three or four
buds to a cane, on the hybrid perpetuals;
do not prune the ramblers. Be sure to
start them at a low temperature—say 50°.
The Crimson Rambler rose can be had in
flower in ten weeks from day of starting.
Syringe the canes each clear morning.
When the buds start raise the temperature
to 58°. It will take thirty days for flowers
to develop after the buds break.

IN THE GREENHOUSE

THREE SPLENDID

BLACKBERRY PLANTS
FREE—POST-PAID

I have faith in my plants.

Hence this offer to in-

troduce into your commu-

nity absolutely free, post-

paid three fine blackberry

plants. Get a good place

ready—then send your name.

I want to prove that I excelin

. E fine blackberries—themoney

making kind. Many of my customers are realizing

$300 PER ACRE PROFIT

from my _ blackberries, new raspberries, straw-

berries and currants. I offera full line of nursery

stock, farm and garden seeds, poultry, etc. 800

acres in farm and nursery—the actual fruit of good
plants. Catalog free. Send for it.

W.N. SCARFF, New Carlisle, Ohio

RECORYS

SEEDS

If you have never planted them, try them
this year. They never disappoint — they
grow—they yield. Always sold under three
guarantees, insuring freshness, purity and
reliability. For this reason thousands of
farmers, gardeners and planters, both in
the United States and Canada, plant
Gregory’s Seeds exclusively. Our

new Catalog contains many 7
suggestions and directions— £/,¢
the fruit of fifty years’ exper- Vy

ience in the seed business. 4%

J. J.H. GREGORY & SON.
MarsLeneap, Mass.

SS Catalogues

inise or ue SAVE
You

Farm, Garden and Green-
Money

house—Seeds, Plants, Small Tools,
Horticultural and Poultry Supplies.
You can save money buying your
supplies in one place. My catalogues
are free. Don’t buy until you getone,
JOSIAH YOUNG, 28 Grant Street, Pros, N. Ye

W. P. Hayden

The Linden Dahlia Gardens

Grower of all kinds of Fancy, Show, Cactus, Deco-

rative, Pompon and Single

DAHLIAS

Send for Spring Catalogue
57 LINDEN PARK

New Rose of Extraordinary Beauty

ROCKLAND, MASS.

|

SNOW QUEEN

(Also called Frau Karl Druschki)
Hardy Perpetual Flowering White Rose. It should be in every
garden. We offer strong field-grown plants. For description of
this and many other novelties send for booklet with beautiful col-
ored plate of the New Rose; also illustrated descriptive catalog

(144 pages) free.
ELLWANGER & BARRY
Mount Hope Nurseries Rochester, N. Y-

The Agricultural Experts Association

GEORGE T. POWELL, President
120 Broadway N. Y.

Watch for red spider, now that heavy
firing is being given—syringing the plants
with clean water; using considerable force,
and striking the under side of the leaves will
clear them off.

Expect a sudden sharp, cold, windy night!
It will usually injure plants in the small
greenhouse; but often its effects can be
minimized by “‘steaming down”? late in the
evening. After sundown, well wet the heat-
ing pipes, and so fill the house with vapor.
— | This will condense on the glass, and ice will
form in any cracks.

Buy tobacco stems, to spread upon the
greenhouse benches, around the flower pots.
This will help to keep down green fly, and
| Only The Best. i | Gees, some may also be packed around the pots
| 12 West Maumee See Se ee driante Michigan in the window garden.
New York.

EVERGREENS

15-35 FT. HIGH

successfully planted in December, January, February
by Hicks Treemovers and Hicks Expert Men

ISAAC HICKS & SON

Nurserymen, Scientific Treemovers

Westbury Station, Long Island, N. Y.

EVELOPMENT of Country Places; Examinations made of
Land with full reports and Suggestions for Improvement;
Advice on General Management; Policies Outlined: Location of
Buildings; Landscape Work; Orchard Development; Care of
Forest Land and Live Stock. Correspondence invited.

FAIRFAX ROSES

CANNOT BE EQUALLED
Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA. i

PLAN YOUR 1907 GARDEN
NOW NOW NOW
Aside from Our Specialty
CHRYSANTHEMUMS
We carry Complete Lines of Carnations, Cannas, Gerani-
| ums, Hardy Perennials, Flower Seeds, etc.
| Tliustrated Spring Catalogue

Catalogue free

PHINEAS NOLTE. W. R. GRAY,

GaAs. 1907 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE |) Bi

RAWBERRIES

FS
A & big, red and luscious are PR
SS S grown from ALLEN’S
choice, vigorous straw-
berry plants. None bet-
ter, Good Luck, Ches- ¥
apeake, Virginia and @ te
Gardinal, new Glen

Mary, Haverland, Dun-
lap, Marshall, Klondike,
Gandy, Buback, Climax,
y and all best standard
sorts, 90 varieties. Prices
right DEWBER-
RIES, Austins, Lu-
cretia, and Premo. I
have big stock and they are fine.
Also Raspberry, Currant and Goose-
berry plants, and Grape vines. In
SEEDS I have the leading varieties for field and garden.
My 1907 supply of Peas, Beans, Watermelon, Cantaloupe,
and Cucumber seeds is very cholee. Millions of vege-
table plants in season. My 60-p g2 Catalogue for 1907 tells
about lots of good things for the farm and garden and
where to getthem. It’s Free. Send name and address

m™ on postal today to W. F. ALLEN,
Salisbury, Maryland

b

A
|
}
|

~
t

yy

ON

Nature has given us such a wealth of yellow flowers in
autumn that gardens are sometimes overrun in September
by a riot of coarse flowers and monotonous color. One of
the most refined and distinctive yellow flowers in cultiva-
tion is Helenium Autumnale, which anyone can distin-
guish at once from a sunflower. It is of the same type of
beauty as a Gaillardia, the “ravs’’ being wider at the
apex and regularly indented. Why not try all the Hele-
niums worth growing? Each of the kinds mentioned be-
low supplements the master of the genus in some way as
partly indicated below. ;

H. AUTUMNALE.
Deep golden yellow flowers in August and Septem-
ber, 4 to 5 feet. vs

I

. AUTUMNALE SUPERBUM.
Large, clear. yellow flowers in branching panicles.
September, 5 to 6 feet. y

. BIGELOVI.
A new species with deep yellow flowers and black
disk, long stems, 2 feet.

|
|

£. fea: ! F Ze ; - GRANDICEPHALUM STRIATUM
; e i . 5 My M.
| Saving Valu able Old Trees : : p ? EE Of robust habit, Srowing 4 to 4 feet high, with flow-
| 2 i . : 2B ers from r to 2 inches in diameter, in large heads of
Valuable trees are in constant danger and should ie . i a deep orange color, striped and splashed with crim-
have professional care every year. We put trees in o j . bs son; in July and August.
|| perfect condition for a reasonable charge. ‘Tree Sur- a ae : . HOOPSEI.
| gery, Pruning, Removing Dead Wood, Spraying, and A 4 - ; : y Bright Grange yellow, flowers 2% to 3 inches in di-
ii Fertilization are handled by a large force of treesmen é j eer in June and again in fall, 2 to 3 feet.
|| and all inspections are made by graduate specialists from Fs : a "A fine summer and autumn flowering perennial,
i he Massachusetts Agricultural College. The nature - ; oy : 3 growing from 1 to 2 feet high, with flowers of a

of the work requires practical training and equipment, : = ‘ ; | golden yellow.

|and it is wholly apart from the duties of gardeners.
| Spraying for San Jose Scale, Elm Leaf Beetle and all Insect
| Pests.

| Special rates to Nursery Men, Landscape Architects, Towns

Weyate for our booklet on “Care of Trees.’’ It will interest you. : : = os | J, B, KELLER SONS, ROCHESTER, N, Y,
iI MUNSON-WHITAKER COMPANY :

Home Office: Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.
Branch Offices: Flatiron Building, N. Y., Albany,
| } Harrisburg.

| Big Money
In Early Potatoes

Potatoes grown from Northern Seed are always earliest.
They yield, look, cook and taste best and bring best price.
Our Early Petoskey matures two weeks ahead of any
Southern seed. A new potato, nice size, round, smooth,
cooks perfectly, fine flavor. Three Big Petoskeys and
our new, 150 page seed catalogue,
describing 25 other choice potatoes,
by mail for 25c. Catalog, alone,
free, if ordered quick.

DARLING & BEAHAN
308 Michigan St., Petoskey,Mich.

$1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100, except
H. Bigeivvi, which is $2.50 per dozen.

Beauty and Protection

The object of all house-painting is to combine these qualities: The paint that
longest protects a building at the lowest average cost per annum affords the most efficient
and economical protection; that which yields the purest and most lasting tints is the
most beautiful. OXIDE OF ZINC in paint increases its protective efficiency, decreases
its cost and enhances the purity, brilliancy and durability of its tints. All good modern
house paint is based on OXIDE OF ZINC.

A suggestive Paniphlet Mls, NEW JERSEY ZINC CO.

*““PAINT: WHY, HOW AND WHEN”
FREE to Property Owners 71 Broadway New York

A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application.

We do not grind zinc in oil.

ROSEDALE NURSERIES

Our Catalogue will make plain why our customers are so enthu-
siastic as to say to their friends:

is the title of Our New Catalogue for 1907—the most beautiful
and instructive horticultural publication of the day—I88 pages—
700 engravings—6 superb colored plates—6 duotone plates
of vegetables and flowers.

“There is only one place to buy -roses’’

S. G. HARRIS, Tarrytown, INGaNe

To give this catalogue the largest possible distribution, we make
the following liberal offer:

Every Empty Envelope

Counts as Cash

Mameest aa. stock of
Hardy Plants in America

Catalogues on Application
ELEIOTLT NURSERY CO., Pirrspure, Pa.

To every one who will state where this advertisement was seen and
who encloses Ten Cents (in stamps), we will mail the catalogue,

AND ALSO SEND FREE OF CHARGE
Our famous 50 cent “HENDERSON’’ COLLECTION OF SEEDS

containing one packet each of Giant Mixed Sweet Peas; Giant Fancy Pansies, mixed;
Giant Victoria Asters, mixed; Henderson’s Big Boston Lettuce; Early Ruby Tomato;
and Henderson’s Half Long Blood Beet, in a coupon envelope, which, when emp-
tied and returned will be accepted as a 25-cent cash payment on any order
amounting to $1.00 and upward.

f Buy From A Specialist —

SPECIMEN TREES

Choice Evergreens,)''::

: Ornamental Planting,
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS

Write for large illustrated catalog.
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist,
DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

|
316 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1907)

errr ere
a igh te PD
aa 2 a

SE

| : xxx
COORG OO CTE Tile
These workmen are engaged in the very
i simple operation of laying a floor of

Pennsylvania
Interlocking

Rubber Tiling

i the most elegant, durable and satisfactory flooring ma-
' terial made. This shows one of the beautiful designs
of this tiling, of which there is almost infinite variety,
| and the manner in which it is executed.
m The blocks are made up in the factory according to the
| desired design. This design is then shipped in sections
of convenient size, and merely put together compactly
over the space to be covered. Hammering to even the |
faces of the tiles completes the floor. And what a floor @ |
it is! Incomparable in elegance, silent, agreeable under @@
foot and non-slippery; thoroughly water-proof, affording
| not the slightest crevice for the accumulation of germs or
lth, non-inflammable and odorless. It never shows
wear under the heaviest foot traffic, but is more durable
even than marble.

PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER TILING
should be specified for public buildings, court rooms, hospitals, hotels, banks, offices,
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OUR S8O00K-OF-DESIGNS-IN-COLOR
with detailed information regarding Pennsylvania Rubber Tiling, should be in the :
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JEANNETTE, PA.

NEW YORK, 1741 Broadway CHICAGO, 1241 Michigan Avenue BOSTON, 20 Park Square BUFFALO, 117 Main Street
ATLANTA, 102 N. Pryor Street PHILADELPHIA, 615 N. Broad Street LONDON, 4 Snow Hill

seaury

Blooming

In Your Own
Yard

From May to October —for tthe price of one florist’s bou-
quet. You can easily grow American Beauties or any other variety of roses you wish
—and grow them successfully —by our methods—in your own garden.
You can have cut flowers all summer at the cost of a very light expense—and a little pleasurable and healthful work.

Our New Free Catalog —‘‘ROSE LEAVES’’ — contains in a condensed form most valuable information for
the amateur rose growers and gardeners. It lists — besides our American Beauties —

105 Other Varieties of Roses

including some entirely new ones, among which is the wonderful new Rambler Rose —‘LADY GAY’’—also some beau-
tiful new kinds sold exclusively by us. This book explains to those who have never tried to grow roses before — or have failed
growing them — how they can make success sure by using the Heller mature two and three year old bushes. It gives new

ideas on rose culture — complete directions as to planting, watering and cultivation

as well as the location of rose beds
—and directions for use of roses in landscape gardening.

If you have already grown roses in your garden — you will find listed new varieties well worth consideration — and
some varieties you can’t secure from anyone else.

Don’t miss sending for ‘‘Rose Leaves.” It’s free, but too valuable for any

amateur gardener to be without.

HELLER BROTHERS

JOO SOW lal MUON SININIa ie, ae

NEW CASTLE,
IND.

—_—

HE story of the growth and development of a new and
better table melon than those in common use makes a
horticultural record cf unusual interest. All of the
Garden Magazine readers may not know or realize the years of
careful selection and hybridizing necessary to secure and fix a
new fruit of value.

Mr. Paul Rose, in whose Michigan fields this new variety,
the HOODOO, originated, has spent a lifetime in growing
Cantelopes. His shipments have brought the best prices in the
~pig markets of the Central States, Buffalo, Pittsburg, Chicago,
Columbus and other cities. His specialties have been Osage,
Osage Gem, Paul Rose (Petoskey) Netted Gem and this his
latest, the HOODOO. Four of these have been intro-
duced to the public by Vaughan’s Seed Store and not one of
them has been a failure,—all are grown largely to-day.

It need not be said that Mr. Rose has been constantly
watching for a better melon and ready to notice, save and im-
prove any variation in Cantelopes that comes nearer to the per-
fect market sort. Mr. Rose now has Cantelope plantations in
Michigan, Illinois, Texas, Alabama, Indiana and ‘Tennessee.

WHAT OTHERS SAY
Pronounces the HOODOO the Best

Melon

“We have grown HOODOO
four seasons, both in field and
under glass. Far from bringing
us bad luck it has given us our
best melons every year, holding
off blight ten days longer than
Emerald Gem, Paul Rose (Petos-
key) or Rocky Ford Netted Gem.
It would seem Mr. Rose has
achieved complete success and we
feel certain this new variety will

not HOODOO its growers.”’
The ‘Rural New Yorker.

In A Class By Itself

‘*The HOODOO Melon is in a
class by itself, totally unlike any
other Cantelope in flavor and has
a very deep color.’’

Trotwood’s Monthly,
Nashville, Tenn.

Real Hybridizing
Mr. Paul Rosewrote as follows March 8, 1906:

Mr. J. C. VAUGHAN, Ptes.,
Vaughan’s Seed Store,
Chicago and New York.
Dear Sir:

The HOODOO is an out-growth of the
Petoskey. I have been working for some
time to get a melon of more uniform size,
solid netting, of a rounder form, tough
netted rind and a much more hardy foliage.
I have found the HOODOO to be more
blight resisting than any other variety that
I have ever grown. I think that it will
prove the best shipper of them all; retaining the high quality of the Petoskey (Paul Rose). It

is really some later than the Gem varieties, but more prolific. No seeds have been sold to any-

VAUGHAN’S OSAGE GEM.
in its time.

one, I am not looking for anyone to buy seed. Ionly want to perfect this Cantelope and give the
public something that is a little better than the best. Yours truly,

PAUL ROSE.

VAUGHAN’S SEED

Ford’ strain of Netted Gem.’’

STORE

This new melon, which has been given by Mr. Rose the
peculiar and distinct name HOODOO, he has placed with
us for distribution. We promise that it willbeno HOODOO
in the garden, but rather the most perfect Cantelope for gen-
eral use.

Its Description

The HOODOO is the ideal basket and crate melon,
the fruits average 11-2 lbs., are thickly netted, as hard
as a bullet, extra strong at the blossom end, of a very hand-
some appearance. The flesh is very thick, of fine firm texture,
not stringy, rich orange in color, and of the sweetest flavor.
The seed cavity is very small; it is a scant seed producer—30
melons yielded but one pound of seed. The well netted rind
is very tough and rubber-like. The vines are vigorous, healthy,
and the most blight resisting of any we have seen. The Rural
New Yorker says: ‘It holds off blight from a week to ten days
longer than Vaughan’s Paul Rose or Petoskey (the most blight
resisting up to date), the ‘Emerald Gem’ or the ‘Rocky

The Best Ever
“T think the HOODOO the best

melon I ever ate.’’
C. B. Compton, L. GN. Ry.

Never Tasted a Finer Melon Than
the HOODOO

““We have never tasted a finer
melon, no matter where grown,
than your HOODOO, received to-
day from Michigan. If the prod-
uct duplicates the melon, we
should haye no fear of handling
on this market all that could be
grown. The melons you shipped
us on the 18th and used on the
24th, were of a superior quality.
The party who purchased your
Tennessee stock was so_ well
pleased that he called again and
again for that variety. They were
at that time being used jointly
with the Rocky Ford product.’’

Phillips & Sons,
Commission House.

Advises Growers to Try the
HOODOO

“*T cannot say too much in favor
of this melon and will advise all

growers to try the HOODOO.”
F. M. Welch, Buffalo.

(HOODOO sold by Mr. Welch at $4.50 per
case, while Rocky Ford Netted Gem sold at
$3.00 and $2.25.)

The 1907 Catalogue

of Vaughan’s Seed Store will be
mailed free with every order for

— HOODOO Seed. Our 30th Annual
Edition, more complete than ever, A Mirror of Horticulture, Four Com-
piete Departments in Gardening. The Best Flower Seeds in America. 160
pages. Price for HOODOO Melon Seed, one packet 20 cts.; 3 pkts. for 50 cts.
prepaid with catalogue. For market gardeners 1-4 Ib. sealed packet prepaid
for $5.00. While the supply is limited, we hope to see a few seeds sown if
every good garden for 1907.

84-86 Randolph St., CHICAGO
14 Barclay St., NEW YORK

A grand successor to, and from the same breeding as those three
splendid melons—The OSAGE, the PAUL ROSE (Petoskey), and
Each in succession a market leader

Greenhouses, Trial Grounds and Nurseries, Western Springs, III.

MENTION THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

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