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Dene aera: a vali rr Seacrest peer tesssSeSrtt sees a psoas Me Heep | erassastil f L of z et - HB Ne aes STEERS TEE pest retyy, n FP Nie i ASR Riana ili i [ i ¥ ith ii ti } ha ee ih lal wes eee ’ Paty veer HERE ie i ' HAT i Si sez | i Gna 5 a Ae al ee Seine THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers Volume IX February, 1909, to July, 1909 fp A 4 - 2,9 4086 } LIBRA NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1909 INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Volume I[X.—February to July, 1909 Acer, 352.* Adams, Ann, article by, 136. B., article by, 40. H. S., article by, 164, 236. photographs by, 151, 165. Adder’s tongue, 302.* Esculus, 76.* A. G., article by, 300. Allium, 360. Aloes as a Spray, 300. Alpine flowers, 289,* 290,* 291,* 292.* Alyssum, 9o.* Amaryllis, 358.* Ampelopsis, 108.* Anderson, H. C., articles by, 256, 284. photographs by, 272, 284, 285. Anemone, 460. Angell, H. E., photographs by, 11, 20, 23, 228, 250, 335- I. M., articles and photographs by, 90, 172, 347, 348- Annual Flowers, 88, 314. Seed-Bed for, 88.* Annuals, self-sowing, 90.* with fragrant flowers, 333- Anon, article by, 318. Answers to Queries, 122, 202, 266, 274. Ants, destroying, 268. Apple blossoms, arranging, 336,* 337-* Arborvite, propagating, 206. Are Your Tulips Diseased ? 236. Argemone, 86.* Armeria, 290,* 291.* Art in Arrangement of Cut Flowers, 336.* Asparagus, 122, 126. Astonishing Bulb, An, 358.* Azalea, 77.* Baccharis, 38.* Back Yard, The, 190, 256. Bamboo, evergreen, 162.* Seventy Feet High, A, 352. Barnes, Parker T., article by, 362. photograph by, 302. Barns, beautifying, 120. Barr & Sons, photographs by, 339, 340. Barron, Effie M., article by, 20. Leonard, article by, 84. photographs by, 12, 32, 163. Barton, Richard, article by, 13, 230. photographs by, 13, 14. Beals, Ella M., article and photographs by, 94- Beans, 87. cooking, 348. dried, 348. Hints for Planting, 11o. lima, 168.* scarlet runner, 297. Beauty Around Barns, 120.* Bees and Fresh Flowers, 352. Begonia, tuberous, 230,* 358. wintering, 266. Bennett, James, article by, 238. Bernard, Mre. J., photograph by, 300. Berry Baskets as Flower Bowls, 347.* Best All-around Flower of Winter, The, 10.* Breed of Cow, The, 248. Carnations for the Amateur, The, 32.* Cup-shaped Lily, The, 350.* Birds stealing fruit, 73. Blood root, 85.* Bocconia, 84.* Border of red flowers, 318. Borecole, 20.* Boxes, vegetables in, 122. Braunton, Ernest, article by, 316. Broccoli, 21,* 22. Copyrighted, 1909, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. The asterisk (*) signifies that the subject is illustrated Broom Corn for Dry Regions, 136-d. Brotherton,W. A., articles by, 92, 194, 302. Brown, E. Stanley, article by, 354. Mrs. Joseph C., articles by, 30, 136-b. Brown Tail Moth, the Worst Flying Pest of Our Trees, The, 283.* Brown-eyed Susan, 350.* Brussels sprouts, 21, 22.* Bulb Department, 100, 236, 358. Bulbs, high-priced, 339. naturalizing, 343,* 344,* 345,* 346.* summer-flowering, 230. with fragrant flowers, 333. Bur clover, 4-b. Bushnell, C. S., article by, 352. Busy Time Commences, The, 252. Cabbage, 20,* 22. Calcium carbide, 170. California Department, 28, 136, 262, 316. poppy, 84,* 86.* Callas in California, 28.* Camphor trees, 126. Canada, Roses in, 172.* ‘ Candytuft with Shirley poppies, 256. Canna, 231.* Canning and Preserving, 347. Canning, Edward J., article and photo- graph by, 298. Cantaloup, The Truth About, 114. Care of the Cow, The, 200. Carnations, 1,* 10,* 11,* 12. and Roses for Cut Flowers, 297.* Margaret, 333-* for amatuers, 32. Carpenter, Laura B., articles by, 297, 302, 336. photographs by, 336. Carpeting plants, 220. Carr, M. Earl, article and photographs by, 54. Catalpa, 25,* 40. Catnip, 291.* Cattleya With Thick, Fleshy Flowers, A, 30.* Cauliflower, 22.* Celery, 54. Charming Idea in Rock Gardens, A, 96.* Chase, R. G.., article by, 30. Cheiranthus, 314. Chicken fancier, 106. Chickens in Our Garden, 316. Chicks, feeding, 180. Children’s Gardens Everywhere, 296,*341.* C. H. M.,, article by, 136-d. Chrysanthemum, 136—b.* Chrysanthemums in Georgia, 88.* Clarke, Daniel A., articles by, 38, 108. Clover, crimson, 276. mite, 124. Cobcea, 238.* Codling moth, spraying for, 170. Colchicum, 343.* . Coldframe, 289.* Construction, 80.* Why You Should Have a, 80.* Cole, S. W., article and photographs by, 180. Colewort, 21. Collard, 22.* Colonial garden, 335.* Colorado, roses in, 302. Compost, 362. Conifers in America and England, 264. Conservatory Made of Newspapers, A, 36. Cooking Department, 348. Corbett, L. C., article by, 352. Coreopsis, 347.* Corn broom, 136-b. Cotton, A Trial Ground for, 88. Cottrell, H. M., article by, 104. Cox, Philip, article by, 80. Crab, Japanese, 76.* Crandall, C. J., photograph by, 164. Crawford, M., article by, 167. Crops for Green Fertilizers, 186. Cudlip, W. R., photographs by, 80, 81, 82. Cultivating, 300.* Currants, propagating, 122. Curtain of Cobcea, A, 238.* Cut flowers, 297. arranging, 336,* 337.* Cuttings, how to grow, 122. rooting, 79,* 94.* Daffodils, 345.* arranging, 337.* failure of, 276. The Hoop-petticoat, 100.* Worth $75 to $250 a Bulb, 339.* Dahlia, 156,* 157,* 158,* 230. Roots, Planting, 268. Dahlias, classification of, 254. for Everybody’s Garden, 232.* That are Really Worth Growing, 354. Dairy, 40, 200, 248. The Small, 100. Daisy, yellow, 350.* Dandelions for salad, 274. Darlington, E. D., articles by, 15, 82. photographs by, 82, 83. Davis, J. E., article and photograph by, 310. Day lily, 232. DeGraff, Marie I., article by, 44. Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station, photograph by, 170. Dendromecon, 85.* Depth to Plant — a Question of Latitude? 304. ‘Difficult Anemone to Grow, A, 360. Disinfectant, Whitewash as a, 106. Do You Grow Your Own Potatoes? 44. Know this Plant? Baccharis hali- mifolia, 38.* Turquoise Berry, The, 108.* Vivid Maple, A, 352.* Dogtooth violet, 302. Dogwood, 42.* arranging, 336.* Dolichos, 87. Donnelly, G. B., article and photograph by, 240. Doogue, Luke J., article by, 79. photographs by, 79, 282, 283. Dowd, Emma C., article and photograph by, 347: D. P. H., article by, 100. Drainage, 366. tile, 106. Dried peas and beans, 348. Duffy, Sherman R., article by, 300. Dugmore, A. R., photographs by, 30, 42, 85, 92, 335- Duncan, John W.., article by, 228. Dwarf fruit, 293,* 294.* Dwyer, W. R. L., article by, 262. Early Blooming Shrub, An, 136.* Spring in the Garden, 30. Suggestions, 114. East, E. M., article by, 186. Eating the Fire Bean, 297. Economical Grape Juice, 347. E. D. D., articles by, 34, 110, 274. Edible Beans a Yard Long, 87.* Egg-plant, Getting Quality in the, 82.* Eggs, preserving, 104. E. H., article by, 138. Eldredge, A. G., photographs by, 147, 154, 155, 348, 352. England’s New Kind of Flower Bed, 218.* English Effects With Alpine Flowers, 289.* Broad-leaved Evergreens, 158.* Hardy Trees, 23.* Long-Lived Bulbs, 343.* Primroses for City Gardens, 284.¥* E. R., article by, 172. Erythronium, 302.* Eschscholzia, 84,* 86.* Evergreens, 264, 335.* broad-leaved, 158. for Present Planting, 228,* 229.* for the North, 206. massed, 228.* Every Child Should Have a Garden, 295.¥* Experiment in Taming Trollius, An, 300. Family Cow, The, 40. F. E. B., articles by, 50, 136-d. Feeding the Growing Chicks, 180. Felt, E. P., articles by, 170, 221: Fence posts, growing, 40. Fern garden, 298.* Ferns, 348.* transplanting, 124. Fertilizer Advice for Amateurs, 258. Table for the Home Garden, 188. Fertilizers, 186, 258, 276. Fertilizing a garden, 126. Field Crops, 50, 114, 136-d, 240. Fir, Nordmann’s, 229.* Fire bean, 297. Flavor in Muskmelons, 34. Flax, 50. Fletcher, S. W., articles by, 72, 246. photographs by, 72. Flower beds, 218,* 219,* 220.* for winter, 10.* garden, 331. sprays for, 224. seed, starting, 9. Flowering shrubs, 147. Flowers and foliage, fragrant, 332.* cut, 297. arranging, 336,* 337,* 347-* shipping, 276. Foliage, fragrant, 332. Forbes, R. H., article by, 98. Four Plans for a 100 x 150 Ft. Lot, 18.* 150 x 150 Ft. Lot, 226.* Ways of Catching the Mole, 170. Fourth Annual “Life Saver,” 145. Fragrant Foliage and Flowers, 332.* Fruit, dwarf, 293,* 294.* Garden, Incidental Care of, 72. planting, 148. list for, 178. The, 180. growing in pots, 13.* planting, 153, 154,* 155.* sprays for, 221. thinning, 74, 246. Fruits That Attract the Birds, 42.* Fuld, M., articles by, 156, 232. Fumigating with Hydrocyanic Acid, 298.* Fungicides, 225. Garden, Colonial, 33 5.* Early spring in the, 30. Enemies, 170. fern, 298.* flower, 331. fruit, care of, 72. Implements, 196. in June, The, 304. Japanese, 334.* Garden Notes and News, 308, 362. old-fashioned, 164.* plans, 18, 19, 226. Publications, 102, 184, 212. school, 296,* 310.* shrubbery, 334,* 335.* vegetable, 331. Gardens, children’s, 296,* 341,* 342.* suggestive, 334,* 335-* Gas injured trees, 126. Gaultonia, 360. Gentian, 194.* fringed, 92.* Georgia, Chrysanthemums in, 88.* Geraniums, wintering, 266. Getting Money’s Worth in Tools, 196. Quality in Lima Beans, 168.* the Ege-plant, 82.* G. G. S., article by, 300. Girdled trees, repairing, 73. Gladiolus, 231.* depth to plant, 304. for June Planting, 297.* Glaucium, 86.* Gloxinias, starting, 202. Grafting, bridge, 72.* Grape juice, how to make, 347. Grapery, cold, 124. Grapes, planting, 166. propagating, 133. wild, 306. Graves, Nathan R., photographs by, 15, , 16, 17, 22, 30, 59, 108, 131, 136, 138, 172, 194, 228, 229, 230, 232, 234, 236, 2a 297, 3025 323, 333) 334) 335» 352, eo fertilizers, 186. Greenhouse, 331. fumigating, 298. Groundsel, tree, 38,* 306. Grow Better Tomatoes, 320. Snapdragons in Your Garden, 138.* Growing Easter Lilies in the United States, 236. » 5 Exhibition Blooms of Sweet Peas, 190.* Fence Posts and Railroad Ties, 40. G. S. J., article by, 100, 170. Gypsy Moth, a Serious Shade Tree Menace, The, 282.* Hamamelis, 136.* Hardy Border, 120, 212, 312. Rearranging the, 163.* Plants for Western Nebraska, 44. Harris, Mrs. W. H., photographs by, 336. Harrison, John articles by, 248, 300. Hartmann, C. E., article by, 188. Hedges, planting, 250. Helianthus, 300. Hees, D. S., photograph by, 192. Higgins, Edgar A., article by, 190. Hints for Planting Beans, 110. This Month, 225. Hochbaum, H. W.., article by, 44. Home-Made Contrivances, 116. Honeysuckle, 238.* propagating, 206. Hoop-petticoat Daffodil, The, 100.* Horn poppy, 86.* Horse chestnut, 26.* dwarf, 76.* radish, 136-d. Hotbed, 9. How to Be a Chicken Fancier, 106. Grow Peppers, 30.* Increase Your Tomato Crop, 28. make grape juice, 347. Multiply Your Hydrangeas, 79.* Prevent Spruce Galls, 170.* Howard, G. C., article by, 104. H. S. A., article by, 306. Huftelen, E., article by, 236. Hunnemannia, 85.* Hydrangeas, How to Mutliply, 79.* Hydrocyanic acid, 298.* Important Jobs to Do Now, 316. Improve the Soil, 356. Improving Tuberous Begonias, 358. In the Vegetable Garden, 331. INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Incidental Care of the Fruit Garden, 72.* Informal garden, 334.* Ingersoll, H., photograph by, 209. Insecticides, 224. Tris, arranging, 336.* Japanese, 316. naturalized, 346.* Jackson, George, article by, 88. Samuel, article by, 170. Japanese garden, 334.* Trises on a Hill Top, 316. Jenkins, W. H., article and photographs by, 166. J. L. K., article by, 300. Johnson, Samuel, article by, 96. Jones, E. W., article by, 114. G. S., articles by, 40, 352. H. Lukens, photograph by, 87. June, The Garden in, 304. J. W. R., article by, 120. Kale, 20,* 21,* 23.* Kayan, J. Lukens, articles by, 196, 244, 285, 286, 287, 288, 356. photographs by, 285,286, 287,288. Killing the Bugs, 256. Weeds, 300. Lang, O. S., photograph by, 86. Larkspur, 9o0.* Lawn, making, 202, 266, 268. Tools You Really Need, 285.* Lawns, 112, 331, 335-* L. B., articles by, 266, 268, 276. L. B. C., article by, 358. Leafmold, 364. Leible, F. C., articles and plans by, 18, 226. Lilies That May Be Planted in Spring, 236.* Lilium, 323,* 350,* 352. Lily, cup-shaped, 350.* ~ Easter, saving, 236. Lima beans, 168.* L. O. M., article by, 212. Lonicera, 238.* Lycoris, 358.* MacLeod, Ward, article by, 170. McAdam, Thomas, articles by, 339, 350. McCollom, W. C., articles by 10, 32, 148, 293, 294, 298. photographs by, 10, 12, 146, 152, 153, 293, 294, 298. McFarland, J. H., photographs by, 1, 11, 20, 38, 96, 156, 157, 158, 232, 234. McIntosh, David, articles by, 146,174,250. McLean, Geo. S., photograph by, 84. Magnolia, 26.* Make Your Seed Lists Now, 9. Making New Varieties, 92, 194, 302, 350. Manure in potting soils, 364. Maple, 352.* Marble, F. L., photograph by, 236. Marguerite, The, 136.* Markets and Marketing, 54, 242. Matilija poppy, 84.* Maxwell, Henry, articles by, 87,* 338. Meller, C. L., article by, 352. Melons, 122. Mexican poppy, 86.* M. I. D., articles by, 238, 348. Mignonette, 333.* Miller, Claude H., article by, 258. photographs by, 147, 148, 229. Wilhelm, articles by, 23, 75, 158, 218, 289, 343, 348. M. M.G.., article by, 256. Moles, killing, 170. Montbretia, 231. Month’s Reminder, The, 9, 71, 145, 217, 281, 331. Moore, F., article by, 262. More About the Groundsel Tree, 306. Toads, 256. Morning glory, 90.* Morse, W. H., article by, 28. Moth, brown tail, 283.* gypsy, 282.* Muck, 364. Muskmelons and Squashes, 204. Flavor in, 34. Narcissus, 102.* Nasturtium, insects on, 256. the Best Flower for the Million, 15.* Naturalizing bulbs, 343,* 345,* 346.* the Star of Bethlehem, 338.* Nebraska, hardy plants for, 44. Nectarines in pots, 266. Nepeta, 291.* New Classification of Dahlias, A, 254. Newspaper conservatory, 36.* Nicotiana, 332.* Nitrate of soda, applying, 204. North, evergreens for, 206. Northwest, protecting roses in the, 352. Oak, 25.* Old-fashioned garden, 164.* Oleander, 209.* Onions, 54. Orchard, 331. Fruit Grown in Pots, 13.* 266 Ornithogalum, 338,* 360. Pansies, arranging, 337.* the Year Round, 173.* Paris daisy, 136-b.* Paull, L. E., article by, 28. Pea Louse, Toads for the, 92. Peaches in pots, 13, 266. spring planting, 180.* Peas, cooking, 348. dried, 348. Peat, 364. Peonies, 206. arranging, 337.* ' Pepper, H. H., photograph by, 172. Peppers, How to Grow, 30.* Perennials, dividing, 163. planting, 212. with fragrant flowers, 333. Pergola, 334.* Personal Experiences, 44, 94, 136-b, 300, 348. Pinching, 274. Pine, white, 229,* 262. Plans for gardens, 18,* 19,* 226.* Plant to Grow on Stone Walls, A, 352.* Planting a Peach Orchard in Spring, 180.* Real Old-Fashioned Garden, 164.* Strawberry Bed, 167.* beans, 110. Dahlia Roots, 268. depth for gladiolus, 304. evergreens, 228*, 229.* for the Most Gorgeous Flowers of Fall, 156. fruit, 148, 153, 154,* 155,* 178, 180. Grapes in Waste Places, 166.* Hedges, 250.* Horse Radish for a Succession Crop, 136-d. List for a Half Acre Fruit Garden, 178. plans, 18, 19, 226. Sweet Potatoes, 202. the Hardy Perennials, 212. the Home Vegetable and Fruit Gar- den, 148.* time for, 244. Trees and Shrubs for Ornament, 146.* Plants, carpeting, 220. for shade, 202. tender, 333. transplanting, 348. Pleasures of Having a Fern Garden, The, 298.* Plume poppy, 84.* Pollination by bees, 352. Polman-Mooy, article by, 236. Poppy, Shirley, 256. The Relatives of the, 84.* Porch Vine, wild grape as, 306. Porter, L. C., article by, 92. Portulaca, go.* Potatoes, 44, 298. Potting Soils for Amateurs, 362. Poultry, 104, 124, 180. shipping, 242. Powell, Julie Adams, article by, 298. Practical Hints for Beginners, 244, 300, 362. Practical Ideas from England, 360. Preserving Eggs for Next Winter’s Use, 104. Primrose, 272.* English, 284,* 285.* Primula, 284,* 285.* Privet, 250.* propagating, 276. Profit in Flax Seed, 50. of $3.28 per Hen, A, 104. Promberger, William, article by, 36. Propagating, 206. currants, 122. grapes, 133. honeysuckle, 206. hydrangea, 79.* privet, 276. TOses, 302. Protecting Roses in the Northwest, 352. Pruning, 250.* roots, 147.* Pryal, W. A., photograph by, 136-b. P. T. B., article by, 266. Purdy, Carl, article by. 316. Pyrus, 76.* Quality Even in the Cabbage Tribe, 20.* in egg-plant, 82.* in lima beans, 168.* in Watermelons, 240.* Quick Results with Corn, 136-b. Radishes in the Cucumber Patch, 188. Raising Onions and Celery, 54.* Random Notes in Season, 312. Rearranging the Hardy Border, 163.* Red Flowers from May to November, 318. maple, 336.* Rehder, Alfred, article by, 42. Relatives of the Poppy, The, 84.* Rhododendron, 160,* 161,* 162.* Rhubarb, 122. Rice, L. W., articles by, 188, 198. R. J., article by, 302. Rock Garden, The, 96, 348. Romneya, 84.* Rooting Cuttings on the Kitchen Stove, 94.* rose slips, 302.* Rose, 172.* Department, 172, 302, 352. jar, making, 300. Stunt for June, A, 302. Roses All Summer in Canada, 172.* for cut flowers, 297. Flower This Year, 174. in Colorado, 302. Royer, Galen B., article by, 306. Rudbeckia, 350.* R. W., article by, 347. Sanguinaria, 85.* Sargent, E. T., article by, 320. Save Your Easter Lily Bulbs, 236. S. B. S., article by, 300. School Gardening, 48, 176, 296,* 310, 341, 342- Scott, J. T., article by, 297. Scraping trees, 73. Seaside garden, 334.* Sedum, 352.* Seed Lists, 9. starting, 9. vitality, 9. Seed-Bed for Annual Flowers, A, 88. Seeding for pasture, 274. Self-sowing annuals, 90.¥* Shading young trees, 72. Shaw, Ellen Eddy, articles and photographs by, 296, 341, 342. Sherman, G.., articles by, 106, 136. Shipping flowers, 276. Poultry to Market, 242. Shirley Poppies with Candytuft, 256. Shrub, An Early Blooming, 136.* Shrubbery garden, 334,* 335.* Shrubs, flowering, for immediate effect, 147. planting, 146. sprays for, 331. variegated, 206. What America Can Teach England About, 75.* with fragrant flowers, 333. Sipe, Susan B., article and photographs by, 48. : Sloan, M. Long, article by, 314. Small Dairy, The, 100. Greenhouse, The, 297. Snapdragon, 138.* Snowball, 78.* Snowdrops, 343.* Soaping tree trunks, 73. Soda, nitrate of, 204. Soils, improving, 356. potting, 362. Some Garden Annuals That Will Self-Sow, go* Sorbaria, 75.* South, new crop for, 4-5. Southern Department, 30, 88, 168, 252, 04. Splendid New Crop for the South, A, 4-5. Sprague, Thomas L.., article by, 360. Spray, aloes as a, 300. calendar, 221. Now for the Coddling Moth, 170.* Spraying Outfit for $8.50, 116.* Spring Jobs You Must Not Neglect, 168.* Rush Begins, The, 71. Spruce, blue, 228.* galls, 170.* Squash, An Uncommon Variety, 262. Star of Bethlehem, Naturalizing, 338.* Steed, Thomas J., articles by, 30, 88, 168, 252, 304. photographs by, 22, 88, 168. Stock, 333.* Storing over winter, 20. Strawberry bed, planting, 167,* 206. worm, 126. Success in Transplanting Tomatoes, 198. Successful Attempt in Washington, D. C., A, 48.* Successional plantings, 150. Suggestions, 110. for Cooking Peas and Beans, 348. Sulphuric acid, 300. Summer flowering bulbs. 230.* INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Sunscald, protection from, 72. Sweet peas, 192,* 262. of many Varieties, Grown in a Barrel, 238.* potatoes, planting, 202. William, 165.* Taxus, 308. Ten Bushels Seed, 298. Tender Bulbs for Summer Flowers, 230.* plants, 333. Think now about Dwarf Fruit Trees, 293.* Thinning fruit, 74, 246. This Month’s Cover, 352. Thorn, Rose, article by, 316. Thrift, 290,* 291.* Tibbitts, H. C., photographs by, 28, 86, 167. Tigridia, 232. Tile Drainage, 106. Timely Advice, 112. T. J. S., article by, 30. Toads, 256. for the Pea Louse, 92. Tomato crop, how to increase, 28. Tomatoes, canning, 347. for Use During Winter, 347. from the Garden in June, 30. on Irrigated Land, 98. staking, 320.* transplanting, 198. Tompkins, Jabez, article by, 350. Tools, 196, 285,* 286,* 287,* 288.* for lawn, 28 5,* 286,* 287,* 288.* Transplanting ferns, 124. in Hot Weather, 348. tomatoes, 198. Tree poppy, 85.* trunks, soaping, 73. Trees and Shrubs, 136, 306, 352. English effects with, 23.* girdled, repairing, 73. hardy, 23.* of Potatoes from One of Trees and Shrubs, injured by gas, 126. orchard, sprays for, 222. planting, 146. scraping, 73. shade, sprays for, 223. shading, 72. whitewashing, 73.* with fragrant flowers, 332. Trenching, 146.* Trial Ground for Cotton, A, 88. Trillium, 343.* Trollius, 300. Troth, Henry, photographs by, 20, 21, 22, 84, 164, 167, 170, 332, 334, 338- Truth About Cantaloup, The, 114. Tuberose, 230,* 232. Tulips, disease of, 236. Turquoise berry, 108.* Tuthill, L. W. C., photographs by, 80, 81, 82. Twelve Suggestive Gardens, 334,* 335.* Uncommon Variety of Squash, An, 262. Using up the Rose Petals, 300. Vacation Problem in School Gardening, 310.* Valentine, F. H., articles by, 180, 242. Vegetable garden, 151,* 331. half acre, planting chart for, 149.* planting, 148. sprays for, 223. Vegetables, 30, 98, 262, 320. in boxes, 122. in the orchard, 204. Vermont Experiment Station, photograph by, 88. Viburnum, 78.* collection of, 19. Vines and Trailers, 108, 238, 306. for Porch Effects, 238.* sprays for, 221. with fragrant flowers, 333. V. W., article by, 176. ~ Wallflower Fallacy, The, 314. Wallis, E. J., photographs by, 24, 25, 26, 75> 76, 77, 78, 159, 160, 161, 162, 218, 343, 344, 345) 346. Warner, Floy, article and photograph by, 116. : Watercress, 126. Watermelons, Quality in, 240.* Wayfaring tree, 78.* W. D. S., article by, 106. Weeds, killing, 300. Weeks, G. L., photograph by, 22. W. G.., article by, 262. What Ails Your Plants? 221. ‘America Can Teach England About shrubs, 75.* Makes Plants Wilt ? 170. One Class Accomplished, 176.* Wheeler, A. S., photograph by, 120. When to Plant, 244. Whitewash as a Disinfectant, 106. Whitewashing trees, 73.* Why It Pays to Thin Fruit, 246. Not Have a Rockery? 348.* You Should Have a Coldframe, 80.* Whyte, R. B., photographs by, 176. Wild Flowers Worth Improving: Annual and Biennial Gentians, 92.* Brown-eyed Susan, 350.* Perennial Gentians, 194.* Yellow and White Adder’s Tongues, o2.* Wild Grape as a Porch Vine, The, 306. Williams, John, article by, 332. Wilting of plants, 170. Windbreak hedge, 81.* Winter, best flower for, 10.* protection, roses, 352. 4 storage, cabbage, 20. Witch hazel, 136.* W. M.., article by, 360. W. McC., article by, 178. Zinnias, 204. Zuger, Peter, article by, 163. FEBRUARY arnations tor Winter Flowers | 5 1909 Quality in Cabbages, etc. Fruit Trees In Pots G Vol. IX. No.1 The Best Flower for the Million English Effects with Trees $1.00 a Year COUNTRY LIFE oi DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. THE WORLD’S IN AMERICA 133-137 EAST 16th STREET, NEW YORK WORK (oncrete (Country Residence The above title has been given to a beautiful book of 168 pages, published by The Atlas Portland Cement Company, and sent Free to prospective builders. It contains photographs and floor plans of over 150 concrete houses, ranging in pricefrom $2,000 to $200,000. Concrete is now recognized as the most desirable building material for country residences. Its adaptability to nearly every form of architectural treatment is being demonstrated daily tothe satisfaction of dealers and owners everywhere. When you build remember that ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT Makes the Best Concrete THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY Inquiry Department, 30 Broad St., New York. Daily productive capacity over 40,000 barrels. 4,500,000 barrels of Atlas were ordered by the U. S. Government for the Panama Canal. SEND FOR THIS BOOK. It is free, but the postage is 25 (omnes <> PORTLAND NONE JUST ASGOOD em ee SF ITASCA FROM AN / STER TO A TOMATO The World’s Choicest Nursery Products It is advisable to order now to get your choice of our World’s choicest Nursery pro- ducts. Never before have we hada selection as handsome as we offer for planting this sea- son, Intending purchasers will do weil to visit our Nursery to inspect our products. If you cannot inspect our products, we shall be pleased to give prices on your list of wants for Spring planting. ROSES We have many thousands of two year old plants ready for shipment, consisting of all the most suitable for the American climate. EVERGREENS & CONIFERS — 8c dq hoseg are planted with the most attractive specimens ever produced in this country. Our collection has been admired by visitors from all parts of the world PINES ___ We grow many thousands in all the most useful and striking kinds. No grounds are complete without a proper number of them, as they are ss pte : healthful, and add attractiveness to the Landscape. = Bie : é are among our specialties. Everybody intending ins vege | rE owers : 4 RHODODENDRONS to plant should certainly see our stock. We can b q give prices on large or small quantities in all the hardiest and most attractive varieties, you war es BOXWOOD Our stock is probably unsurpassed, as we have thousands in all sizes suitable for Boxwood gardens, Flowering Shrubs that will grow everywhere, and adapted for every style of planting. TREES ____ The favorable condition of our climate and soil help to make our Trees hardy, vigorous and free from disease. One hundred thousand can be seen growing in our Nursery, grown for every kind of planting. VICKS GARDEN RHUPIL GUIDE HEDGE PL ANTS se Bow thousands for any kind of hedge tells how to grow all kinds of | VINES AND CLIMBERS — W5,h3'2,2:5¢ guantities for every vegetables flowers 4 small fruit ts, q BAY TREES ____ The largest collection in this country can now be seen in our storehouses in all sizes. Send for it before mee make | OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS — @2.08 fans F REE : borders. Many acres in our Nursery are planted with the largest and most complete collection in this country, Thousands of people visit our Nursery annually to see “your garden: + them when in bloom. A AM EL S VIC K 5 S O N S FRUITS — ra aeiie pints oaccent in aut eontavel haven eee : L : 4 of all kinds of small Fruits, Strawberries, etc. | 362 MAINST. ROCHESTER, NY. 7 ENGLISH POT GROWN GRAPE VINES — We have an especially fine lot of these for early Spring delivery. Ask for list with prices. TUBS — We make them in all sizes and shapes for Plants and Trees. Catalogue No. 25 Mailed on Request Visit Nursery BOBBINK & ATKINS Nurserymen and Florists RUTHERFORD, N. J. i The Readers’ Service will gladly assist FEBRUARY 1909 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E in selecting decorations for the hoi 3 Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. Ad- dress INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GarpEN MacGazinr, 133 East 16th Street, New York. reen Bone Makes Eggs Lots of them, because it is rich in protein and all other egg elements. You get twice the eggs, i more fertile, vigorous chicks, earlier broilers, ii heavier fowls, bigger profits. NN’S LATEST MODEL MA BONE CUTTER Every successful poultryman knows important facts he never cuts all kinds of bone, with adhering meat and gristle, easy, fast end fine. Automatic feed, open hopper, never clogs. Catalog free. 10 Days Free Trial No money in advance F. W. MANN CO., Box 325, Milford, Mass. tells. They are peculiar secret methods and discoveries he has made EGGS ALL WINTER Sure of getting plenty of eggs in cold weather if you house your chickens comfortably and feed them right. ‘*Vigor’’ Foods and Beef Scrap make hens lay and keep them healthy. They’re profit makers. Send for my free Illustrated Poultry Supply Book. Tells everything you want to know about poultry. Illustrates, too, the Model Incubators, manufactured by Chas. A. Cyphers. STOKES’ SEED STORE Dept. W 219 Market St., Philadelphia in his work with chickens. As arule he guards these with extreme care, forthey are the foundation of his succéss and a valuable asset of his business. He is not to be blamed for keeping them to himself. We Will Tell You These Secrets Which have cost poultrymen years of labor and thousands of dollars. They will cost You only a trifle and afew minutes’ time to write us. Is this cock properly held? There is no man in the United States who has more friends among the poul- Poultry Secrels’’ tells you trymen than MicHaEL K. Boyer. A veteran chicken breeder himself, he knows how to carry fowls, and Ask for free copy of my new Seed Catalogue Reare NORGce so foR ane the business from A to Z, and through his wide acquaintance and friendship he important and hitherto un- has learned many of their most jealously-treasured secrets. This scattered mate- revealed. rial he has collected in book form, and we are offering it to the poultry raisers of : ? America that they may share in the knowledge which these successful men have Large Berkshire Swine acquired by long years of study and bitter experience. BO ae ete aes Every Secret printed in this book has been ob= Bed sows, service boars and young tained in an honorable way, either by permission of as se of all ages. we have never the Owner or through Mr. Boyer’s own experience. We are Willing to Name Here read a cross animai nor had a sow poles lier gigs, Ai gnitsaloreaie: I. K. Felch’s Mating Secret Some of the Secrets tered free of charge. 5 . 1 Burnham's secret of mating fowls. HG. 2 HB HARPENDING ; One of the best-known figures in the poultry world is Felch’s method of breeding from an original -\e - De F A ‘ > : 1 Pair, producing thousands of chicks and three DUNDEE, N. ¥. K. Felch. Many years ago Mr. Felch published his Pa broducing x breeding chart, but later, realizing its value, he withdrew it Mendel's Chart of Heredity. S S B * ecret of strong fertility by alternating males. and kept the information for himself. d He has now given Mr. Secret of knowing what to feed and how to feed 5 Boyer permission to use this information, and it is included it. The secret of having green food in winter. Crown Bone Cuiter Phosphate in this book pect of sprouting oats and barley for poultry . eeding. i Secret recipes for chick feed; practically the same FEED eauL hens cugereen bone Best Mills for B : mon of Here : eed is HOW sold on the market ata high rate. and get moreeggs. With a : oyers secret of securing fertile eggs by alternating ECF SuP Ob attDS i BOu EM see onomicany oso as te A : ° S 5 ake the most profit out of the crop. Scoot yal actap fone peace Making males we believe is worth $100 to any big producer of setting Secret of telling’ the laying hens of the flock Ca a Cp Cul ar owest Your Own eggs. It is something new, and the diagrammatic illustra- Secret of knowing how to judge dressed poultry, fresh every day for your poultry. Jpg} tion furnished by Mr., Boyer makes the matter so plain that ie cali S08 way Clip eee nelceeS: ‘ f : 5 : ; ssing fow < Tana, PRC, Pees Price Bails the novice can easily understand it. BPEL aad hocughiie eae ch jy BOXOOV, Easton, Fa. An exposure ofthe methods employed by some The Secret of Feed at 15 Cents a Bushel fanciers to kill the fertility of the eggs. ae ae ; The winter egg crop and how to get it. An enterprising poultryman has been advertising this ae Fine eys fon market . . : Ss Ss 5 Squab 709 BOOK FREE secret for $5.00 and pledging those who buy it not to disclose Secret of the Philo System. fated pair Write for our handsome 1909 Free i say billing Be Tee eeu anccome 1908 Ere ees one else; it has, however, long been known to a few Therelare Scores of Others SSIS ing squabs. We were Firat, the origina poultrymen, Mr. Boyer among them, and the method is fully tors. Cloth-boun ook now 3% pages, a1 in ‘‘ ”» ees to OP eeanGee Tere coe & explained in ‘‘ Poultry Secrets. in 4 Plymouth Rock Squab Co., Selecting the Laying Hens weeks 151 Howard St. Melrose, Mass. Since the production of eggs is the very basis of the poultry industry, the ability to tell the laying hens in the flock without the aid of trap nests will put dollars in your pocket. Do not keep on feeding the rob- Latest book IEE eee a nar berhens. Itis well known that some hens never lay an egg, while others, often not as good looking, produce yy | pee | 2 Zoyyy = scribes largest, most successful poultry Farm in U. S. yi yy 45 VARIETIES, pure-bred Poultry. Beautiful, hardy 200 Eggs 2 Year Sea : P < WD and money makers. Thousands to choose from. Low- | Of course we cannot go to the length of saying that all the information in this book is new to every one. a est prices on fowls, eggs, incubators, etc. Sent for 4 cts. It is said there is nothing new under the sun, and the Egyptians were hatching eggs by artificial heat cen- Berry’s Poultry Farm, _ Box 79, Clarinda, Ia. turies ago; but we do say that to the great majority of poultrymen these secrets are absolutely unknown. We Will Pay $10 For Any Secret Not in the Book Build Your Own Incubators and Brooders 4 ea ; mS ; 5 Peper ven icle-tlieibechase pace MAnyCne Gin Gots L Aician Provided it is practical and valuable. If it is something both good and new, a check for Ten Dollars mechanical parts, Tank, Lamp, Regulator, etc., at low prices, will be sent at once. In submitting secrets address all communications to the Over 25,000 in tee not gue dailures aes BROODER will cost you only $4.00. Complete plans 25 ts t 7 cost. Worth dollars to you. a ee Poultry Department of Farm Journal H. M. SHEER, 476 Mampshire St., QUINCY, ILL. FARM JOURNAL for thirty years has conducted a poultry department known the country over for the ability of its editors and the value of its contents. Itis the standard farm and home paper of the country with three millionreaders. It is clean, bright, intensely practical: boiled-down: cream, not skim-milk. Its contributors know what they are talking about, and can quit when they have said it. Besides its unusually strong poultry section, which of itself makes the paper valuable to every chicken owner, its other depart- = ments are ably conducted and widely quoted. Itis for the gardener, fruit man, stockman, trucker, farmer, villager, suburbanite, the women folks, the boysand girls. It is worth far more than the price asked for it and * Poultry Secrets’’ together. Its mure than half million subscribers pay five and ten years ahead—a very remarkable fact. RHODE ISLAND REDS Practical facts on housing, feeding and atten- | tion when sick. Wherethe Redscame from, | eae senate ss uenegetes as =e We will send you a copy of ‘Poultry Secrets’’ and | 00 REAL COLOR PICT can ON lee ee ADS RSET ates 19) eres FARM JOURNAL for 5 years, both for only..... e French color photography—a typical bird of each sex absolutely true to life. d ss eee sears Gok wit cobste oon, : or Farm Journal 2 years and Poultry Secrets for 50c pon good for 20 cents on your first order of me for two settings ofegas. Order today. Walter Sherman, Meadowslope, Newport, R.I. WILMER ATKINSON CO., 826 Race st., Philadelphia, Pa. If you are planning to build, the Readers’ 4 Servicecan give you helpful suggestions THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 1909 Made of wire that is all life and strength — wire that stretches true and tight and yields just enough under impact to give back every jolt and jam it receives. Made of materials selected and tested in all the stages from our own mines, through our own blast furnaces and rolling and wire mills, tothe finished product. Our employment of specially adapted metals is of great importance in fence wire; a wire that must be hard yet not brittle; stiff and springy yet flexible enough for splicing—best and most durable fence material on earth. To obtain these and in addition apply a quality of gal- vanizing that will effectually protect against weather conditions, is a triumph of the wiremaker’s art. ThesearecombinedintheAmericanandEllwood , fences—the product of the greatest mines, steel f producing plants and wire mills in the world. And with these good facilities and the old and skilled employes back of them, we maintain the highest standard of ex- cellence possible for human skill and ingenuity to produce. Dealers everywhere, carry- ing styles adapted to every purpose. See them. American Steel & Wire Co. , . ™ BEAUTIFUL HARDY EVERGREENS ail ‘ SHADE ORNAMENTALS AND SHRUBS We offer EVERGREENS in all sizes. Fine large specimens 2 to 10 feet tall. Thousands of hardy small trees and Seedling Evergreens Hard Wooded trees, together with nut trees for forestry planting. Spruces Beautiful Purple We Prepare Pines Maple ° ° ° Firs Blocd-leaf Beeches | Special Planting Lists Hemlocks Lindens of trees and shrubs to plant Cedars Elms complete, The City Yard, The | Beautiful Grafted Flowering Shrubs Town Lot, and especially The Blue Spruce Fruits Roses Suburban Home. We dig, pack and deliver to the R. R. station at prices that will surprise you. $5.00, $10.00, $25.00 pex list. Wite foz illustzated and descriptive catalog, itis fee > D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist 4 DUNDEE, ILLINOIS, Box 106 MAYS FOR MARKET OR HOME USE Matures a week to 10 days ahead of any other known variety; fruits of good size, smooth, solid, bright red color and finest flavor. Although a large number of so-called early sorts have been introduced of late years on test—side-by-side— not one has equaled First of All for earliness, hardiness, size and uniform shape. Price, Large Pkt., 10c; oz., 40c, Postpaid. FREE BOOK, “Northern-Grown Seeds” Plants, Bulbs, Fruits and Trees. Contains all the good things for the Garden and Farm worth growing at the right prices, Don’t fail to secure the Book, RITE TODAY. L. L. MAY, St. Paul, Minn. Jersey Reds are Lively Growers and lively growing pigs are quick money-inakers. Jersey Reds are the most satisfactory, all-round breed. Those who have tried them say so. Fatten easily and quickly, are small-boned, long-bodied, vigorous and prolific; quality _ of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed. Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box T, Moorestown, N. J, will reduce inflamed, swollen Joints, Bruises, Soft Bunches, Cure Boils, Fistula, or any un- healthy sore quickly. Stops Lameness; Allays Pain. Does not blister under bandage or re- move the hair, and you can work the horse. A safe and pleasant remedy for any painful affections, Swellings, Bruises, Strains, Swollen or Enlarged Veins; pleasant to use; $2.00 per hatch Dig profits. The Reliable Incu- -®} bator hatches chubby chicks. Write toda for our Free, interesting, illustrated Poul- try Book, which will instruct you in every branch of poultry raising and tell vou how the Reliable has smashed World's hatching vecords continuously for the last 12 years. RELIABLE INCUBATOR & BROODER CO. Box D @ Quiney, Il. CHUBBY CHICKS Send for our 1909 Seeds, Bulbs and Plants Cie UEC ate Dahlias a Specialty MILLS & CO. Mamaroneck, N. Y. \) fc «| ITH my handsome 1909 catalog Wy) (ifno. one in your family hasre- ‘Wy ceived a copy and you sostate)I Ni will send you a coupon good for five full \ packets to be sent postpaid, your choice from 40 popular kinds I list in my catalog -at 3 cts. each — provided you send me the addresses of two other flower growers. y Write now — a postal — why not? MISS EMMA V. WHITE, Seedswoman 3014 Aldrich Ave. So., Minneapolis, Minn. FepBRuARY 1909 TOO FEW COPIES of Rackham’s most beautifully illustrated edi- tion of ‘A Midsummer-Night’s Dream” were available for Christmas. It was the illustrated book of the season, and we were unable to fill the demand by many hundreds of copies. These color plates are all printed in England, and a new edition will be available about the time this notice gets into print. THE SPRING LIST OF BOOKS Doubleday, Page & Company have already in process of making the best collection of new books it has been their good fortune to put forth. Among those now on hand (and there will be others) for publication during the next six months, are books by: Irving Bacheller Neltje Blanchan James Branch Cabell Mary Dillon Perceval Gibbon O. Henry Wallace Irwin Rudyard Kipling Edwin Markham Miriam Michelson Anthony Partridge Flora Annie Steele Mrs. Humphry Ward Booker T. Washington Jean Webster Stanley Weyman C.N. and A. M. Williamson. KEEPING GOOD BOOKS ALIVE According to our notion, a publisher is efficient in proportion as he actually secures the possible market for an author’s work, and keeps interest in that book alive. The difficulty he meets - first of all is to introduce the knowledge that the _ book exists to the possible purchaser. This firm, in taking over the whole list of volumes formerly issued by the McClure Company, has almost doubled its sales, and with this enlarged business can send its salesmen to much smaller towns than before, and has greatly enlarged its advertising facilities. In every way it wants to work toward that desired end of really getting _ the possible market. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Ss OFFICE: | “To business that we love we rise betime . And go to ’t with delight.”—A tony and Cleopatra All this is preliminary to saying that we should like to send any reader of this paragraph the catalogues of books now issued by us. The books can-then be purchased through any book- seller in the United States or Canada, or will be sent direct, on approval, to be paid for after examination — an old plan of ours, and a good one for both purchaser and publisher. What a pleasure it is to add a new book friend to your acquaintances, and Christmas is not the only season for achieving this pleasure. In this connection we wish to cal! your atten- tion to prizes offered by us on page 53 of this magazine, for suggestions to help accomplish this purpose. GARDEN &> EARM ALMANAC THE 19090 GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC The Garden and Farm Almanac is useful all the year round, and has a sale from January to December; but of course the real way to get the full value of all the information contained in this little volume is to start with the beginning of the year. The price is 25 cents postpaid, and every page is full of facts that everyone wants to know. JANUARY PUBLICATIONS In January we have the pleasure of publish- ing the following books, which we believe are sure to have a lasting success, and which will speak for themselves: The Death of Lincoln (The Story of Booth’s Plot, His Deed, and the Penalty), by Clara E. Laughlin. Lincoln’s Love Story, by Eleanor Atkinson. The Climber, by E. F. Benson. Comrades, by Thomas Dixon, Jr. The Bishop and the Boogerman, by Joel Chandler Harris. COUNTRY LIFE FOR EVERYONE he President thinks that life in the open is so important that he has appointed the Country T.ife Commission to foster its extension and improve its condition. We feel that our maga- zines, Country Life in America and The Garden \agazine-Farming, The Garden and Farm Almanac, and all of our open-air books should prove to be good tools for advancing this interest. We started this campaign when we first began business nine years ago, and it has occupied the attention of a large proportion of more than three hundred people who work in our shop. What we want now is three thousand people of equal calibre and enthusiasm working on this fascinating campaign outside of our shop, in the country where the out- door life is enjoyed, and among the town and city people who should enjoy it. The effort isgood, and it should be profitable. If the reader of this paragraph wants to join in this campaign to do some good work, and make some money, he or she will please send their name and address on this blank. mee 2. (CAI es 4 DouBLeDAY, Pack & Company, New York City Please send me particulars of your plan for the Country Life Campaign. The Readers’ Service will give information aboul motor boats Three Magazines For Every Home COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA Beautiful, practical, entertaining. a year. THE WORLD’S WORK interpreting to-day’s history. $3.00 a year. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE-FARMING telling how to make things grow. $1.00 a Mushrooms For Big and Quick Profits Small Capital to Start A Safe Business Grow s, $4.00 Tam the largest growerin America. 3 Len years’ experience enables me to give practical instruction in the bus- iness worth many dollars to you. No matter what your occupation is or te . where you are located, here is an > kt opportunity to acquire a thorough = ~~ knowledge of this paying business. Send for Free Book giving particulars and information, how to start, cost, etc. Address JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM 3356 N. Western Ave. Chicago, Illinois The New and Enlarged Garden and Farm Almanac How to Grow Flowers and Vegetables 180 Pages of Everyday Value Fully Illustrated 25c Our unique Garden and harm Almanac has become an institution. The 1909 issue, revised, enlarged and improved, tells when and how to plant flowers, vegetables, trees, shrubbery and lawns — gives elaborate planting tables, so simply arranged that the newest amateur can easily understand every detail — shows what needs doing around the grounds each month of the year—pictures and describes the best varieties of fruits—tells how to fight insect enemies— has several pages about farm animals—gives rules for foretelling the weather—prints cooking time-tables — tells all about fencing and much other farm work —and is meant for the suburbanite and for the country dweller. Probably the one most valuable and unique feature is the series of twelve immediate service coupons, which in- sure an immediate, authoritative and complete reply to every question not covered fully enough by the Almanac. The 1909 edition contains 180 pages, cover in three colors. There are over 70 halftone illus- trations. Every subject is carefully indexed. The calendar shows the moon and sun and the various divisions of time. Tae Worms Work (2) THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YorK. sending you 25c. Please for- ward the 1909 Garden and Farm Almanac, all charges prepaid. COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 1909 A Splendid New Crop for the South pus clover is closely related to alfalfa instead of the true clovers. While alfalfa, being mostly a summer grower, requires choice land and almost ideal con- ditions, bur clover grows in winter and early spring, and will thrive on any kind of land with rainfall enough to bring up the seed in the fall, and without any particular effort in the way of preparation. Alfalfa will probably not grow profitably on the great majority of rather thin, sandy or clay uplands of East and South Texas. Bur clover is perfectly at home on these locations — after once getting a start. In nutritive value, this plant is probably equal to alfalfa; but since it completes its growth and dies by April or May, it is not generally considered of much value for hay. It would give only one crop of hay, and that not a heavy one. Therefore, it is generally grazed through winter and early spring. In this climate bur clover always gives good — grazing from one to two months before Bermuda and other summer grasses are ready. It thus enables us to almost fatten cattle before flies, heat, and other annoying conditions appear. 2 Bur clover on Bermuda grass is the finest kind of combination for an all-the-year- around pasture. The clover grows in winter, while the Bermuda is dormant, and in the early spring before the latter gets a start. The grass sod holds up the stock while the clover is being grazed. The clover dies root and top in time to begin to rot and fer- tilize the soil by the time the weather is warm enough to start the grass. The nitrogen gathered from the air by the clover, and gradually given to the grass through the summer as the clover stems, roots and leaves rot, makes the nutritious grass. As a cover crop to protect and fertilize and improve the soil, it is one of the very best crops we have. As indicated above, if land is once well stocked with bur clover | seed, it may be cultivated three years, and a volunteer clover crop will come up every fall and clothe the land for the winter. Bur clover for the orchard is undoubtedly a much better crop than cowpeas, and probably the best crop we can get for this purpose. Some say cowpeas foster certain root-knot diseases of fruit trees. Cowpeas must make heavy drafts on the soil for moisture and food at a time when the trees may need these to make growth or mature fruit. Bur clover completes its growth in April, when there is still plenty of moisture for it and for the trees — sometimes too much, so it is an advantage to have some of it drawn out. If plowed under prompt- ly, it begins to rot in time to feed the fruit trees while making their best growth, or doing their greatest work— making fruit. The above is taken from Bulletin 108 of the Texas Experiment Station. on Fesrvuary, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Our VJ \7HEN WE UNDERTOOK to distribute the Great ten-volume “‘Century”’ set as a strong and quick inducement to secure regular subscribers Offer to THE WORLD’S WORK, we went about it Secure of in a large way. We divided up the sets among Your Set several sections of the country—those where mag- : the azine circulation would be most desirable—with Easily “Century” as cities in those sections as distributing and Set We reserved only a limited number of sets QuicKly for those who might prefer to apply—personally or by mail—direct to our New York headquarters. That’s the quickest way if you need the volumes for immediate use, and the safest way if you want to make sure of a set at our low combination price, and on the convenient terms temporarily available. $ C E N di U R Y 0 NEY $ Brings the complete GUARANTY OF THE CENTURY con Bie 8 () DICTIONARY |3 4750 Se wr wo ss SEGRE OE SG Net CSS ma out delay. $2. didsbuted by use Wortp's Wor, me fe and Cyclopedia and Atlas 2 monthly pays the | iesiis scenes ams with THE WORLD’S WORK One Year balance. d. THE CENTURY CO. * Celt-Drool Hy | Salsi=Tech ; Tecan. 9 Tee ceTuaTt Full Law Buckram; 310 maps; 8000 Illustrations; 100,000 encyclopedic subjects; 200,000 geographical entries; 300,000 quotations; 500,000 encyclopedic dictionary definitions. Size of volumes 12x9x2l4 inches 10 massive volumes. If you are already a subscriber, your subscription will be extended, or you can have the Magazine sent for a year to some friend, G. M. 2-’09 This great bargain is alone possible through THE WORLD’S WORK, which is $3 yearly, thus making your ‘‘Century” Set really cost you Only $39.50. THE SETS ARE GOING FAST. SECURE YOUR SET NOW « THE NMS WoRLD’s WORK “You doubtless know the “Century” set, and therefore do not need information about it further than the fact that it is os NEw YORK universally conceded to be the one supremely useful general reference library. It is an exhaustive unabridged dictionary, Se fe HER send tome 1 a of yourlesnbe a luminous encyclopedia, and a superb World-atlas. It covers every department of knowledge and nearly a quarter ae nation offer of The Century x Dictionary and Cyclopediaand [i of a million sets have been sold at about double the present price with THE WoRLD’s WorRK. $ Particulars will of course be sent if desired, but this all takes time, and meanwhile the edition is being ak” ieee ee Eee 4 rapidly claimed by those who know the work, who can now easily afford to owm it, and who are losing no time e* imen pages, maps, etc. k * im securing it. OX You need not hesitate for a moment in taking advantage of this really remarkable offer of “‘ The OS” a Enclosed_is $r, first payment. Please [i Century” set. Although the price is so iow the value is all there. Every set is of the Jatest.—revised, Fag 2 SHA CURE Caitte pasion nee A regular edition —the very best edition published—all of which is guaranteed by THE CENTURY CoM- 2 Pedia and Atlas, ten volumes, latest edition Full | 5 = é 3 : cates w-Buckram ing. i .50. Bz a PANY and THE WoRLD’s WorK—a pretty strong combination. But, after all, “ Seeing is believing,” Se paid at the rate of §2.so'per RIS A Eng02 EIEEna Ds so send your initial dollar (using the Coupon) and we’ll forward the complete set. If it is not A) exactly as represented, your dollar back and not a penny of expense to you. THE WORLD’S WORK 133 East 16th Street New York Occupation _.._...__.. 1. For particulars only put cross in upper square. 2. For the complete set put cross in lower square. Then sign and mail at once. The Readers’ Service will give you = 6 Faia GLO about Ata aebiles Ie H E G A R D EN M A G AZINE FrBpRUARY, 1909 | Boddington’s Quality Seed“Good from the Ground Up” B® Our Quality Seeds have quickly made a reputation for themselves, and wherever they have been sown we have pleased customers ws who warmly recommend them. We want you to know how good our Quality Seeds really are. They are sure to please and make you one of our permanent patrons if you once try them. 66 Q ’ “cc ° b] < These are Boddington’s Boddington’s Bountiful 2 = ” = iS) b>) Gigantic Sweet Peas! is the Onion for Me “They made my flower garden a delight, and were the admi- “I grew these magnificent two-pound onions from Bodding- ration of all who passed. Now all my neighbors will plant Bod- ton’s Quality Seeds. Several weighed two And a half pounds. dington Quality Seeds.’ We will send you a dozen half-ounce Better try Boddington’s Bountiful yourself this year.’’ For onions packets of sweet peas, separately packed, like these sow indoors not later than February. Postpaid, for 25 Cents with 5 Packets of Vegetable Seeds for 25 Cents Rebate Check for This Amount with Rebate Check for This Amount The Sweet Peas in this collection are the finest named kinds, and range Namely, one packet each of Boddington’s Bountiful Onion, Early from purest white to shades of pink, lavender, blue, yellow, and crimson. Model Red Globe Beet, Model Snowball Turnip, Early of Earlies With each order on this ofter we send a Rebate Check for a Quarter Cabbage, and May King Lettuce. With each order we send a to apply on orders for one dollar’s worth or more of Seeds or Bulbs from Rebate Check for a Quarter to apply on orders for one dollar’s worth or more of Seeds or Bulbs from Boddington’s Garden Guide, which is mailed free upon request. Boddington’s Garden Guide, which is mailed free upon request. Arthur T. Boddington Seedsman Dept. G, 342 W. 14th St. Arthur T. Boddington, Seedsman yy Vy Dept. G, 342 W. 14th St. Wy \ i New York City \ (f S\N 4 | ) c We OUR 32d ANNUAL SPRING CATALOGUE i MH The Japanese Gardener who appears on the front cover of our new Catalogue bears on his back the motto of our house—GOOD LUCK. We | SPRING CATALOGUE i hope that we may have the GOOD LUCK to retain our old customers, i and interest many new ones. Above all, we hope that all who honor us with their patronage in 1909 have GOOD LUCK with goods we furnish. The Most Magnificent Trio of Asters will bloom in your garden at EARLIEST DATE if sown NOW in cold frame or in the house. The main points about these Asters are: 1. GREAT VicoR OF GROWTH. 2. EARLIEST FLOWERING. 3. ENTIRE FREEDOM From DISEASE. Early Snowdrift. Purest glistening white, the petals long and re- curved, twisted in the most graceful effect. Large flowers. Lavender Gem. ‘The most exquisite tint known. Large flowers, upright long stems. Mikado Pink. An enchanting shell pink. Large flower, form same as Early Snowdrift. Large packets, any variety, 25 cts., the three for 50 cts. Small packets, any variety, ro cts., the three for 25 cts. ‘To every one sending us 25 cents or more for Aster seed offered herewith, we will send with the order a CREDIT CHECK for 25 cts. to be applied on any future order for seeds or bulbs from our catalogue. Seeds to sow now for earliest vegetables, Lettuce, Toma- toes, Forcing Radish, Cabbage, Onion, Cauliflower, Egg- plant, Celery. Send for our Catalozue TODAY—IT ties ade IS FREE. Contains many of the finest novelties of merit for 1909. Address dei teecee pone ceserecee coo zener H. H. Berger & Co., 70 Warren St., N. Y. H.H. Berger & Co. 70 Warren St. New York Enclose .... Sa hin@ga ne oo eae Aster Seed. HBerger & Co ; see 70 Warren Ss New Yor FEBRUARY, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Gmuepel)ESIGN—Camatios .-°. . . « .« «. «6. © « « « MAKE Your SEED Lists Now THE Best ALL-AROUND FLOWER OF WINTER W.C. McCollom Photographs by the author, L. Barron, and others ORCHARD FRUIT GROWN IN POTS Be oe Richard Barton Photographs by Nathan R. Graves NasTUuRTIUM—THE BrsT FLOWER FORTHE MILLION . . . . £. D. Darlington Photographs by the author and Nathan R. Graves Four PLANS FOR A 100x150 FT. Lor EC. Leible QUALITY EVEN IN THE CABBAGE TRIBE Ejie M. Barron Photographs by H. E. Angell, J. H. McFarland, and others ENGLISH EFFECTS WITH Harpy TREES Wilhelm Miller Photographs by E. J. Wallis CALLAS IN CALIFORNIA .. : . W. . Morse 5, 6 a Jed s2anl} Photograph by H. C. Tibbits How To INCREASE Your Tomato Crop Mrs. Joseph C. Brown TOMATOES FROM THE GARDEN IN JUNE OwetOlGROW PEPPERS . . . . . .- - Photograph by Nathan R. Graves PAGE 9 10 13 J. H. McFarland PAGE 30 gO EARLY SPRING IN THE GARDEN Thomas J. Steed A CaTtTLeya WitH THICK FLESHY FLOWERS R. G. Chase Photograph by A. R. Dugmore Tue Brest CARNATIONS FOR THE AMATEUR . WAG Vices Photograph by Leonard Barron FLAVOR IN MUSKMELONS 18, 1D), IB). A CONSERVATORY MADE OF NEWSPAPERS Drawing by the author Do You Know Tuis PLANT? .. . . Photograph by J. H. McFarland William Promberger Daniel A. Clarke B. Adams . G. S. Jones Alfred Rehder THE Famity Cow GROWING FENCE Posts AND RAILROAD TIES Fruits THAT ATTRACT THE Brrps Aas Photograph by H. E. Angell Do You Grow Your Own POTATOES ? Marie I. DeGrafj Harpy PLANTS FOR WESTERN NEBRASKA H.W. Hochbaum SUBSCRIPTION: One dollar a year Single Copies 15¢ F. N. Doustepay, President WILHELM MILLER, Epiror.—Copyricut, 1908, sy DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 Wa ter H. Pace, Herzert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents add 65c H. W. Lanier, Secretary S.A. Everitr, Treasurer For Foreign Postage For Canada add 35c¢ a even in small gardens. tween rows. keen edge. Double your No. 12 Planet Jr. Double-Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow (at the right), is the handiest implement ever made for gardening. ble from 4 to 1L inches apart and works equally weil astride or be- All cultivating parts are of high-carbon steel to keep € Specially designed to work extremely close to plants without injuring them. Our New 56-page catalogue for 1909 illustrates and fully describes 45 kinds of Planet Jr. implements for the garden Free for the Write to-day. S. L. Allen & Co. Box 1108 S, Philadelphia, Pa. and farm. asking. garden yield The Planet Jr. is the greatest help you can have in your garden. Does the work of three to six men quicker, better, cheaper, and gives you bigger, finer crops. Planet Jr. farm and garden implements were invented by a practical farmer who felt the need for quick, thorough effective cultivation. There are now two million satisfied users. Planet Jr. implements are strong yet light, and are built to last. Every implement is fully guaranteed. Planet Jr. No. 4 Planet Jr., Combined Seeder and Wheel-Hoe (at the left), bines almost all useful garden implements in one tool. to an adjustable hill, dropping or continuous drill seeder, single-wheel hoe or wheel garden plow—each tool the finest of its kind. com- Changed in a minute Pays for itself quickly Adjusta- The Readers’ Service is prepared to 8 advise parents in regard to schools A Visit to a Famous Nursery—By Rogers Dickinson, HAD always thought of a nursery as a great field in which rows upon rows of uninteresting miniature trees were standing like regiments of tin soldiers —a sort of open where a house of grow- ing things stuck up in the bare ground as crockery is stood on counters in a great china shop. = Instead, on the gentle hills overlook- me ing the lovely winding Fox River, mm | found a veritable garden of ever- Meee green trees dotting the slopes like a verdant blanket, of varying shades wy of green, with a spot of brilliant color here and there, where a group of maples grew, or the dull reds of the oaks showed. On the main automobile road running between Wheaton, Illinois, and Lake Geneva the Dundee Nurseries are wonderfully situated. In the Fox River valley the soil and climatic conditions are exactly right for the growing of hardy trees and shrubs to the utmost perfection. Here William Hill established the Dundee Nurseries in 1855, and here ever since his nephew, David Hill, the present owner, and his sons, have been developing the growing of evergreen and other trees and shrubs. These experts are devoting their lives to the develop- ment of this nursery, and each discovery, every development of forestry and horticulture, has contributed to the perfection of the stock for over fifty-three years. While the trees of the Dundee Nursery grow on hills where they get the advantage of alternating sun and shade, the soil is the rich prairie land that has made Illinois famous for its crops. In winter the cold is severe and the snows lie deep, which insures hardy stock. In ad- dition to the natural advantages, the long years of development have enabled the owners of this great nursery to grow wind break trees and to establish groves of large, perfect specimen trees. I THE WRONG IDEA A LAYMAN HAD OF A NURSERY AND HIS ENLIGHTENMENT From the very beginning, D. Hill has grown stock from seed; he has not been a fattener of stock (to borrow a phrase from the cattle raiser), but an originator. Buying or raising the best seed, and then growing the tree from the ground up under the best possible con- ditions for that particular variety, enables the Dundee Nursery to tell accurately what the plant will do under given conditions. To me, the raising of a tree from seed was a fascinating process. Somehow it had never occurred to me that great trees grow from seed planted in thick-set rows in a bed like radishes. There, at the Dundee Nurseries, I saw beds of pines set in rows almost as thick as bristles of a hair brush, beds a hundred feet long, on which millions of little trees were growing under the shelter of wooden slats. Young trees require shelter from the full glare of the sun. In other beds the transplanted trees were given more room to reach up and out into the sunlight. In a half acre there were a half dozen beds as carefully kept as a rose garden, Trees ranging from the little sprout a couple of inches high, under the sheltering slats, to the vigorous young trees of a foot or more in height, were planted side by side in the long, narrow beds. They looked like long strips of green carpet of varying naps. Here in this great nursery could be studied the history from babyhood to sturdy old age. . The little trees are transplanted and retrans- planted so as to encourage strong, compact root growth. Each time a tree is moved it is given a little more room to allow of its perfect development. There were many plots such as described above, each protected by a windbreak of closely set spruces, and so arranged as to get just the proper amount of sun and shade. The Dundee Nurseries supply trees, both THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 1909 evergreen and deciduous, from the little seed- ling size to the tree mature enough to produce an immediate effect. Nurserymen is a good term to apply to the growers of trees, for their care of the young forest children is much like that bestowed by a mother on her babies. The bedding, the food, the protection from the strong sun and high winds, while applied differently, of course, by the nurseryman, is almost as tender and generally much more effective than the mother’s care. Even when the young trees are sent away, they are as carefully wrapped as a child. For three generations this family has made a study of the growing of trees in this country and abroad, improving the quality of native trees, developing and increasing the quantity of trees and shrubs suitable for this climate from other countries. The Dundee Nurseries have found that it does not pay to grow poor stock, and their experience iS great. Some members of the Hill family are con- stantly traveling throughout this country and Canada, studying conditions, searching for new varieties, working out the problems that confront the planter of trees. This wide acquaintance with conditions in all parts of the country, and the long years of experience, make the Dundee Nurseries of particular value to their customers. Only by seeing the work actually under way, however, can one realize the care necessary to produce perfect trees. A visit to the nursery is worth while; it is a mighty pleasant experience in the first place, and one can find out more about the growth and care of trees in a few hours at the Dundee Nurseries than a week’s study of books will give. Besides, it adds much to the satisfaction of buying if you pick out your own trees. Dundee is easily reached from Chicago, and D. Hill and his sons would welcome you. ‘Like long strips of green carpet”’ Tue GarpEN Macazine ADVERTISER “Given more room for perfect growth’’ The Garden Magazine VoL. IX—No. 1 PUBLISHED MONTHLY [For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude.] Make Your Seed Lists Now 4 Rage most important thing to do this month is to make out your seed list. Figure out the quantities of each kind wanted, particularly vegetables, make your plans well in advance, and err rather on the side of buying too much seed than too little. In very few cases will it be lost; any large sur- plus can be held unti Inext year. Send for the catalogues, they are ready by this time, and make a judicious selection of the season’s novelties. Don’t rely upon the novelties for your main supplies of flowers or vegetables, but you should always try out a few each year, and once in a while you will find something particularly adapted to your special requirements, although it may not please your next-door neighbor. TESTING THE VITALITY If you have any old seed as to the vitality of which you are doubtful, it is very easy to test it. Count out a number of seeds so that the percentage of germination can be told. Place these test seeds in a shallow basin or flower- pot saucer, spreading them out and keeping them moist. Or they may be placed on a sheet of blotting paper on an ordinary plate. Kept moist, and in an ordinary living- room, the seeds will germinate in a few days. Quicker results will be had by putting the test saucer in the greenhouse. If the seeds start irregularly and take an unduly long time, better discard the whole lot and buy fresh. And remember that seeds are, after all, the least expensive item in making the garden. Always buy the best seeds that the trade offers. Low-priced seed will give low- quality crops. WORK FOR THE HOTBED | This month is the time when one appreci- ates the possession of a hotbed. While FEBRUARY, 1909 everybody can’t have a greenhouse, there is nobody who has a garden of any sort who can honestly excuse himself for not having a hotbed. The only thing that is necessary is a few glazed sash to cover the beds. The frames or sides may be made of any sort of old lumber. Full directions for making hotbeds have been given in THE GARDEN Macazine for March, 1905. Earlier and more tender vegetables can be raised in a hotbed. By the middle of March all of these crops should be under way: Spinach, dwarf peas, beans, radishes, lettuces, beets. No matter if you devote all the available space to the slower-growing, larger crops, catch crops of radishes, mustard, cress, and other salads can be had by intercropping. By the end of the month seeds of tomatoes and peppers should be started for trans- planting later. You can gain a month on nearly all the vegetable crops by starting seeds in the hot- beds during Februray. THE GARDEN SITE Did you ever notice that some parts of the garden are colder than others — that the snow and ice hang there longer? ‘This is of some importance in making the plans for your vegetable garden. No matter how small the garden, there will be some differences to note. By selecting the part best sheltered from cold winds, but well exposed to the sun, especially on the south side, you can gain a week in outdoor sowings. Lightening a heavy soil by adding ashes or sand will also help wonderfully. Reserve the heavier and wetter portions for planting to celery. STARTING THE FLOWER GARDEN All hardy annuals can be sown indoors now or in the hotbed, and seedlings will be ready for transplanting as soon as the ground is warmed up. Half-hardy annuals, such as China aster, gaillardia, cobea, dahlia, pansy, caster-oil weed, should all be sown in head during this month. Start up canna roots; otherwise you will not get flowers until quite late in the summer. If you want more bedding stock — gerani- ums, coleus, and such like — propagate rapidly now. Hyacinths and other bulbs that were potted in the fall should now be coming along, and can be brought into a cool place and full light, either in the window garden or in the greenhouse. If you want the most effective and surest plant for a flower-bed in a shaded corner, get tuberous begonias. You can buy dor- mant roots during February, placing them in | ONE DOLLAR A YEAR FIFTEEN CENTS A COPy flats in gentle heat, and have them ready with growth started for planting out when the weather becomes warmer. Look over the fruit trees and shrubs with a view to pruning any that really need it. Always do this work before the buds start. Newly transplanted stock should have been cut back at least one-third. If this was omitted, do it now. Remember that flowering shrubs must be pruned after they have flowered; therefore, it is only safe now to prune those kinds which flower on the new wood. FEED THE SOIL Of course, you cannot get maximum crops in poor soil. This month is the best possible time for spreading stable manure, especially in the vegetable garden. Spread it evenly over the surface at any time, and the digging in may be left until later. Look over stored root crops in the cellar. With the approach of spring they are liable to rot rapidly. Open the cellar doors on all fine days and admit as much air as possible. Pick out and destroy diseased specimens. If the parsley in the garden was killed during the winter—or, as sometimes happens, eaten by mice — sow seed in heat toward the end of February, so as to have vigorous plants ready for planting out as soon as the weather is favorable. Soak the seed for twenty-four hours in warm water — go degrees or so. GROW SOME NASTURTIUMS If you want an annual that is the easiest to grow, adapted to all kinds of situations, and suitable for both foliage and flower effects, the nasturtiums will surely satisfy you. The recent improvements are remark- able. (See page 15.) Both the seeds and the young plants of the nasturtium are sufficiently hardy, so that the plantings may be made early in the spring, when the maple trees are starting out in leaf, or as soon as the soil can be properly prepared. This early planting gives a long season of bloom, starting early in the summer and continuing until the plants are killed by heavy frosts late in the fall. After cool weather comes in the fall the flowers become larger and the and the hues of the mottled or parti-colored varieties are much more brilliant. A well-rotted compost or manure dug into the beds the previous fall will give the best results with this flower, as a too generous supply of fresh manure put in the ground in the spring will cause a rank growth of vine and foliage and will greatly delay the period of bloom. Lift the plants from outdoors in August, taking all soil possible with the roots. Note how the spade is used to secure this result; plunging down deeply and then prying over The Best All-around Flower of Winter—By W. C. McCollom, 3% CARNATION CULTURE FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE AMATEUR WITH A SMALL GREENHOUSE— POINTS HE MUST OBSERVE IN MANAGEMENT TO HAVE FLOWERS ALL THE SEASON— BEST VARIETIES FOR GENERAL CULTIVATION ARNATIONS are the most popular of all greenhouse plants for cut flowers during winter for the following well-founded reasons: First, the colors are of such purity as to please the most critical, and are sufficiently diverse to suit all purposes of decoration; second, the flowers are borne on long stems which make them valuable as cut flowers; third, their fragrance is of a delicious, clove- like odor; fourth, the carnation is a good keeper and a good shipper. This is im- portant when you think what a very small percentage of the flowers used are grown near big cities. Fifth, no great heat is required, about 55 degrees and plenty of fresh air giving the best results. Can you think of another flower that answers all these requirements ? Now, although the largest interest in car- nation growing is the commercial florist’s, I am going to tell the amateur owner of a small greenhouse how he can produce better and larger flowers than he can buy. The florist measures his results in the return of so many cents per square foot of space, as a rule; we will look rather for superlative quality. Nor is it necessary to devote an entire house to the one flower. A dozen plants in a house with other favorites can be so managed as to yield all one may desire, if the needs of the carnations are kept in mind at all times and they are made the controlling factors in management. The present time is the height of the season for carnations, for they produce flowers most freely in February, and cuttings may best be taken just a little earlier. True, they can be propagated almost any time of the year, but from December to the end of January is the best. It is very im- portant that the cuttings be taken from flowering stems. Take them low down, where they are about three inches long, or break them off to that length. Place them in a sand propagating bed (which has been previously prepared by hard pounding) about one-half inch apart, in the sun, with about two inches between the rows, and again pound the sand firm around the cuttings. Water them with a watering-pot and rose spray to settle the sand, and shade from strong light until they have started to emit roots. This will be in from two to four weeks, according to the kind of cutting, temperature of beds, etc. The rooted cuttings are potted in two-inch pots, using a rather light soil and one which has no fresh manure of any kind in it. If your soil is heavy, add some sand for the first potting. The plants should then be placed in a light house and watered care- fully until they are established. About three or four weeks after the first potting a second one will be necessary. For this use the soil from a compost heap, and a four-inch pot is about the right size. The one great caution needed here is ample drainage, for carnations are especially resent- ful of ‘‘wet feet,” meaning roots in standing moisture. Be very careful even about watering at all in the larger pot until they have started to grow. Look over them carefully, picking out and watering only the plants that are dry —don’t water them all because one or two are dry. By the time the plants are well rooted in the four- inch pots it will be about time to think of planting them out. Some say plant in the field, others in the house, and a few insist that the best way is to plant in deep boxes and place out of doors. I prefer to plant in the field because the plants then require far less care, and the check they receive when lifted does not amount to anything. One carnation grower claims that different varie- ties behaved differently under similar Open a hole in the soil with the left hand, holding plant in the right hand, ready to set Insert the plant just as it comes from outside. depth with all soil attached Note the proper 10 Firm the soil around the plants, using fingers and knuckles (not the fist) and the thumb at the collar Finally level the surface about the newly set plant and water just to set- tle the soil. Don’t over-water Fepruary, 1909 The fringed type of flower is the most popular to-day. Mrs. Patten,‘ variegated,”’ i.e., red splashes on white. shown here, is markedly fringed conditions, asserting that the curly-leaved sorts were best for all-indoor culture, while the straight-leaved kinds (such as Enchan- tress) were best planted out during summer. The only gain of all-indoor culture is earlier flowers, but for the average amateur this may be a real disadvantage, as there will usually be chrysanthemums to give flowers up to December. Growing in boxes is, I think, of no value unless chrysanthe- mums are grown in the same house with _ carnations. Planting out is not safe before April 15th. The site selected should be high ground, well drained in order to escape stem rot, a troublesome disease when it occurs. Set the plants fifteen inches apart in the row and have twenty-four inches between the rows. I dig over the ground, doing it thoroughly and deeply, and at the same time add about four inches of good farmyard manure just before planting. And here let me suggest that the varieties be distinctly identified by a good stout label driven into the greund, so that when lifting time comes in the fall there will be nothing left to chance or memory. The more the carnations in the field are cultivated the better they will be next winter. Outside of attention to that detail but little need be done all summer. Never let the ground get hard and baked between the plants, and if you take care to cultivate often, and particularly after each rain, it will probably obviate the necessity of watering the plants, a process which I think is very dangerous, because if you water on bright days you are liable to scald the foliage; if, on the other hand, you water on dark days, or evenings, you are courting rust. If you must water the plants, do it early in the morning so that they will be dry before the sun gets very hot. I often hear of people losing a great many plants in the field through stem rot, and, although I may be a bit harsh in my judgment, I am inclined to think that the greater part of these losses may be charged to negligence. Every year I raise about one thousand plants in the THE GARDEN MAGAZINE field, and in no season has my loss exceeded half a dozen plants. I cultivate every week and always after rain, and spray the plants every week, using Bordeaux mixture one week and Copperdine the next. But in the light, sandy soil on Long Island it is much easier to avoid stem rot than on a heavy clayey soil. Occasionally during the summer, the shoots must be pinched or shortened. Don’t allow half a dozen long shoots to develop and then go pinch them all off at one time. Look over the plants every week at least and pinch off the long shoots, leaving about three inches of growth. PLANTING INDOORS If you want early flowers, and have a fairly well-ventilated house, itis safe to plant in July; but if your houses are low, and therefore insufficiently ventilated, I advise il waiting until the last of -August. I bench about August 15th, and we are always cutting by the end of October. A good mixture for benching soil is three barrels of soil (or sod is better if it can be procured), one barrel of well-rotted manure, and one good shovelful of bone meal. Don’t fill the benches until you are ready to plant, but the compost should be mixed in spring and let lie all summer, turning it several times. The ideal planting day is a dark one with drizzling rain. Lift the plants from the field rows with a spade, and leave all the soil possible clinging to the roots. Plant about ten inches apart in the rows, leaving about one foot between the rows for best results and greatest comfort later on in working around them. First mark out where each plant is to be set, then go over the benches with some good commercial Enchantress, delicate light pink, is perhaps the best all-purpose modern variety, thriving over the widest area. There are white and deeper pink sports of this 12 fertilizer, dropping a big pinch at each spot where a plant is to go. This is beneficial to root action and helps the plant to establish itself quickly. After you finish planting, water each plant separately to settle the soil around the roots, using a sprinkling pot, and remem-: ber that carnations are not aquatics. To provide against any accidents I always pot up afew extra plants at the same time; they can be used later for filling in any _ blanks where plants have for some reason succumbed. Until the plants have started to make roots in their new quarters, keep the sun off the plants. This will take about one week, and can be told by the fresh appearance of the foliage. Painting the glass with plain whitewash will afford good shade. The enemy to look out for now is rust, a fungus that attacks the plants, showing red-brown pustules on the leaves. To avoid this, do not let the house get hot and stuffy and then suddenly cool at night. Keep the house as cool as possible during the day, opening all doors and ventilators, and be sure to have them dry at night; don’t let the tem- perature fall below 20 degrees. From the time of planting keep on spray- ing the plants, and if a leaf shows any sign of rust, pick it off and burn it. The rust will be found most prevalent among the scarlet and crimson varieties. The plants can stand some direct sun- shine in about a week. Don’t take all the shade off the house at one time, but remove a little every day with a dry brush. After the plants are well established and making growth they need supporting. For the amateur, growing only a few plants, the individual wire supports sold by the sun- dries man will be found very handy. They are effective and neat, and may be stored away after use for a future occasion. All kinds of supports are ‘offered; and the reader must make his own choice according to fancy. All that is really necessary is to keep the shoots from sprawling over the soil, and so admit air and light to the base which otherwise would become too damp. For a number of plants this scheme works well, and is inexpensive: Stretch a wire in back of the bench about six inches above the THE GARDEN MAGAZINE The form of the flower depends largely on the calyx The longer reaching it is the less inclined to burst soil, stretch other wires between each plant lengthwise of the bench and also one on the outside. Tie strings to the back wire, stretch them to the front wire, lapping each intervening wire with the string, and each string should be between the rows of plants. Thus each plant will be in a square space. Another series of wires, etc., must be drawn about eight inches above the first to support the flower stalks. As the flowering time approaches you will find by investigating that the benches are crowded with roots, and extra feeding may be done. I like cow-manure water given once a week. Any other liquid manure or guano or soluble fertilizer can be used. Nitrate of soda (using a four-inch potful to a barrel of water) once every two weeks is very beneficial. But do not feed in excess of these directions. Toward the end of January apply a mulch of equal parts of bone meal, sheep manure, and soil. About one inch of this should be applied to the benches. Go over the plants every week and pick off all yellow or diseased leaves, and scratch the surface of the soil: Frspruary, 1909 but if the roots are near the surface and there is danger of injuring them, the benches should be hand weeded instead. Toward April the season nears its end, as a rule. The sun gets very strong, and colors of the flowers bleach, but if shaded good flowers can be cut up to the end of June. Painting the glass for shade would make the plants soft and lanky because of insuff- cient light. So I make a lattice work of shingle laths and plaster laths. Lay two shingle laths about three feet apart, and nail the plaster laths to these crosswise, leaving the width of a lath between each two. This still admits enough light to ripen the wood and insure healthy growth. Now as to temperatures: The carnation, as has been said, is a ‘‘cool” plant, and the aim must be to keep the temperature at from 50 degrees to 55 degrees. During the day the temperature can be let run up to 65 degrees on bright days when the ventilators are open, or even 70 degrees won’t hurt them; but on dull days, when the fires are the only means of heat, do not let the temperature exceed 60 degrees. This is imperative for large flowers, bright colors, and stiff stems. Flowers in abundance will be ready by December. Some attention must be given to gathering them. Do it every day, taking them when about three-quarters expanded, letting them open fully in water in a cool, darkened place. Never use a knife; break the stems. You can tell the condition of the plant by the way the stalks break. If they break clean, with a snap, all is well; but if they are soft and sappy, and you have almost to tear the stem in two, there is some- thing wrong — either too much heat or poor soil. What varieties do I recommend? To answer this fully I must know where you live. Certain varieties do best in certain zones, and, with very few exceptions, are not interchangeable. It is fortunate for the amateur, however, that some few, of pretty general adaptation, are also among the most pleasing and most productive. The amateur wants varieties that are not ‘“‘croppers,”’ but give flower over the season. My selections, given on page 32, are made with these facts in view. Outdoors practically the only attention necessary is cultivation Indoors the secret of success is fresh air and low temperature Orchard Fruit Grown in Pots—By Richard Barton, Connec- ticut THE EASIEST GLASSHOUSE CROP TO HANDLE AND THE ONE THAT GIVES THE QUICKEST AND MOST SURPRISING RESULTS—AN UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR THE OWNER OF A ia HAS always seemed to me that the amateur gardener who possesses a greenhouse can get more real results from devoting it to the raising of fruits in pots than in any other way. Everybody appre- ciates luscious peaches or pears or plums, and if they can be had of superlative quality and some time earlier than those from the orchard a person does not have to be a con- noisseur to fully appreciate the results. Moreover there is an untold satisfaction in raising perfect dessert fruits that, it seems to me, is never associated with flowers, be they never so fine. And then, too, you can easily buy all the flowers you want as good as you want; but where can you look for hothouse fruits ? That I am not alone in this opinion is attested by the fact that nowadays a great deal more attention is paid to pot fruits for forcing than formerly. The great advan- tage that a pot tree has over a tree planted out in the greenhouse is that it can be con- trolled more easily, and also that the green- house can be devoted to another purpose for one-half of the year. Most of the pot trees which are forced in this country are imported from Europe, principally from England. One reason that they are not produced more exten- sively in this country is that the ordinary market calls for a tree which will quickly grow to large dimensions, and so the nur- serymen manufacture to supply this demand, while finding it convenient to act as middle- men only in supplying the more limited demand for dwarf or potted trees. To be successfully grown in pots fruit trees must be kept dwarf, and to help Thinning the set is important. eighteen peaches or a dozen pears is ample The first year accomplish this purpose nectarines and peaches are budded on to a naturally dwarf and slow-growing stock, usually the mussel plum; pears are budded on to the quince stock, and apples on to the paradise, which is a dwarf apple of French origin. A tree cannot be dug up out of the open ground, where it has become established, and its roots trimmed, and then potted and be expected to thrive. The tree must have been grown in a pot from the start, so that its roots form only a mass of fibres. Such trees can be purchased two years old (that is, two years from the time of budding) in popular varieties of nectarines and peaches, and three years old for pears and apples, for $2 to $2.50 each. Some of the best varieties useful for pot work are: Nectarines: Early Rivers, Lord Napier, Elruge, Rivers’ Orange, Humboldt. Peaches: Hale’s Early, Rivers’ Early York, Goshawk, Noblesse, Thomas Rivers. Pears: Conference, Pitmaston Duchess, Doyenne du Comice (the best pear grown). Apples: Irish Peach, Red Astrachan, Cox’s Orange Pippin, King of the Pippins, for table; Lord Suffield and Emperor Alex- ander for baking. There are very many others available, but these would ripen in the order named. The imported trees will arrive removed from the original pots, the roots neatly sewn up in burlap, and generally November is the time of arrival. They are at once potted into large pots, using a moderately heavy loam, but first thoroughly mixing about one half-pint of quarter-inch bone to the soil for each tree, also a little charcoal broken to small pieces and, if possible, some old mortar or plaster refuse from a torndown building. If this latter cannot be obtained a little air-slacked lime should be used in its place, but it is not so good. The tree must be potted very firmly, using a short stick to firm the soil between the roots and the side of the pot. _If large pots are used, say sixteen inches in diame- ter, it would be best to fill only to within five inches from the top, thus allowing room for a good top-dressing the following winter. The greatest care must be taken not to over-water the newly potted trees or the soil will become sour and the trees unhealthy. When the pots become filled with roots so much care will not be necessary, as there will not be so much danger of souring. If it is too early to put them directly into the greenhouse, they can be put into a shed or cellar, if light and airy, where the tempera- ture would not be likely to go much below freezing, but where they would not be sub- jected to any artificial heat, until about the middle of January, which is time to start growth. Trees may possibly be obtained from the 13 SMALL GREENHOUSE — The fruits raised under glass mature earlier and are more luscious than the outdoor crop dealers at that time all ready for the season’s work. Now, although they are placed in a greenhouse and ‘‘forced” the process is so slight that but little heat is required — in- deed, a great heat is ruination to the trees. At first a night temperature of 40 degrees is quite sufficient, and in the day time they must have plenty of air. In the case of nectarines and peaches, if the trees are unduly forced in the early stages the blossom buds will shrivel and fall off. My record of the trees placed in the house about the middle of January last year shows that it was a full month before the buds showed color, and another two weeks before the flowers expanded, as shown in the illus- tration on page 14. From March rst devel- opment is rapid, and on March 31st the tree (see illustration) had been disbudded and the fruit finally thinned. By May 31st the fruit was ripening, several fruits having really been gathered before the photograph was made. The variety was Early Rivers nectarine. The variety Humboldt did not finish ripening its fruit until July 2oth; the other varieties kept an unbroken succession between the earliest and the latest. The peaches, varieties already mentioned, will begin to ripen by the middle of July and continue until the end of August. The Conference pear will be ready to gather by the middle of August, but will require, as is best with all pears, to be kept a week or ten days until mellow before using. Pitmaston Duchess and Doyenne du Comice will follow at intervals of ten days respec- tively. March ist. Infull flower six weeks after starting growth in a temperature of 40° At the early flowering period under glass there will be no bees to do the pollenating, and in order to insure a good set of fruit the flowers should be gone over each day about noon with a camel’s hair brush to carry the pollen to the stigma. A light touch to each flower is all that is needed, and it is a surer way to set the fruit than merely shaking the tree to cause the pollen to fall. If the trees have been kept clean and healthy a great many more fruits will set than can be successfully brought to maturity. For the first year’s forcing two dozen nec- tarines, one and avhalf dozen peaches, and ten to twelve pears or apples will be ample for a crop. Of course, as the trees grow larger year by year the crop may be increased proportionately, and eventually, with care- ful feeding, may be expected to carry suc- cessfully from sixty to seventy-five fruits; but with a greater number the size of the fruits would have to be sacrificed for quantity. “Thinning” is, therefore, resorted to, but this should not be done all at one time. It is preferable first to pick off all the de- formed fruits and those which are found in the angles of the branches where they could not properly develop, and to single them where they are set in pairs. After this THE GARDEN MAGAZINE first thinning those remaining will grow very fast, and one can more easily deter- mine which to pick off. At this period (about March r5th) the first “disbudding” should be attended to. Nec- tarines and peaches produce so many wood buds that if all were left the growth would be too thick for good results. Therefore remove all wood buds not necessary to preserve the symmetry of the tree, and to grow into shoots for producing the next year’s crop. As it is not desirable for a pot tree to attain great dimensions, it is best to treat them on what is known as the “‘replacing system,” that is, to grow a new shoot from as near as possible the base of the fruiting wood, and pinching back the terminal shoot, allowing it only a jew inches of growth in order to insure the flow of sap to the fruit; March 31st. The final thinning and disbudding done. These three photographs are of the same tree then, when the fruit has been gathered, the old wood can be cut out, leaving the new in its place. This will be the only pruning needed if attention is paid to pinching back the strong shoots, not allowing one or two to develop at the expense of the others. The fruit also will be much better if the wood is not allowed to grow too thickly, for the sun will color it and not only add much to the beauty of its appearance, but also add to its flavor. After the fruit has been gathered the trees must not be neglected, but placed out of doors in an open space, plunging the pots about half-way in the earth. This will serve the two purposes of preventing the wind from blowing them over and of keeping the roots cool and moist. The trees should be taken out of the pots each winter and the soil reduced, and fresh FEBRUARY, 1909 drainage put in the bottom, taking great care, after adding all the fresh soil needed to fill the pot within three inches of the top, to firm the soil thoroughly with a short wooden rammer. No larger size than sixteen-inch pots would be needed for several years, but then a shift into eighteen- inch tubs would be best. For top-dressing as growth develops each season the same soil, with the same proportion of quarter- inch bone, should be used as was used in the original potting. The best fertilizer to use is a liquid made by diluting fresh cow-manure. It should be used sparingly during the stoning period, but at other times a good application should be made at least once a week. PITFALLS TO AVOID All stone fruits have three distinct periods of development: (1) the ‘first swelling,” (2) the “stoning,” and (3) the ‘second swelling” and ripening periods. The stoning period lasts about forty days, and during this time the fruit gains but very little in size. If the trees are over-forced or unduly excited with fertilizers during this time imperfect stones will result, sometimes causing the fruit later on to split open, and, in any case to ripen prematurely. There- fore great care must be taken to keep an even temperature, with abundance of fresh air during the day, and even a little air at night will be beneficial. The trees must also be kept perfectly clean and free from red spider, thrips, and other pests. The best way to accomplish this is by copiously spraying with clear water both morning and afternoon on all bright days from the time the fruit is set. How- ever, should mildew appear (which is not very likely), dust the affected parts with May 31. The crop matured. Several fruits have been picked already, Early Rivers nectarine FEBRUARY, 1909 flowers of sulphur and keep the atmosphere of the house a little dry until it disappears. Watering needs attention at all times. Never let the trees get thoroughly dry, yet guard against keeping them too wet. Be- ginners sometimes make the mistake of giving too little water at one time, so that the surface will be moist while the rest of the soil is absolutely dry. This condition will be avoided if one raps the pots before watering, and waters all those which have a hollow sound, giving ample water to THE GARDEN MAGAZINE thoroughly wet the soil through. If the trees are healthy the foliage will be a deep green. The color of the leaves is the best index of a tree’s condition, and if any paling or yellowing occurs the cause is most likely the souring of the soil due to over-water- ing. Hf the drainage becomes clogged, the holes at the bottom of the pot should be cleaned out and the soil allowed to become fairly dry before giving any more water. A light spraying on the mornings of bright 15 days will do good until the buds begin to show color, when the spraying should be discontinued for a time. A gradual rise of temperature should be allowed so that by the time the flowers expand the greenhouse will be kept at from 48 degrees to 50 degrees at night. During the period from the flowering until the fruit is finally thinned the tempera- ture of the house should be gradually raised until a night temperature of 58 degrees to 60 degrees is reached. Nasturtium—The Best Flower for the Million—py F. D. Darlington EASIER TO GROW THAN ANY OTHER ANNUAL, AND ADAPTED TO MORE USES AND GIVES MORE FOR THE EFFORT EXPENDED—ARTISTIC WAYS TO USE IT AND IMPORTANT NEW ‘TYPES . [Evitor’s Nore. — We fear that this is the last important paper by Mr. Darlington that we shall have the privilege of publishing. It was prepared shortly before his death, when he had the inspiration of living with a glorious collection of nasturtiums. Mr. Darlington was for many years superintendent of Fordhook Farms at Doylestown, Pa., and was noted for his good judgment and painstaking accuracy. Although he died when his powers were at their best, he left an excellent series of booklets and leaflets, covering the whole field of vegetable gardening and the art of growing flowers from seed. | HE nasturtium is, in my opin- .| ion unequaled as ' a popular flower because of the ease with which it may be grown, the pro- fusion and brilliant coloring of the flow- ers, the many pur- poses for which it can be used, and widely different conditions of soil, Re climate, and sur- , roundings. It is [ar won ae 1 used for window gardens in city flats, veranda boxes, vases, hanging- baskets, and flower borders in cottage homes, and for large mass effects on the lawns and in the gardens of great estates. In a communica- tion from the Yukon Territory the state- ment was made that nasturtiums were in fine flower in six weeks from the time the seed was planted. Thus it would seem that the range of territory or climate under which the nasturtium may be grown is practically without limit. The seed of the nasturtium costs less in bulk than that of many other flowers, and owing to the vigorous growth of the plants a moderate quantity will plant quite a large area. There is sometimes a slight mixture of colors in varieties, when the seed is purchased in separate varieties from the seedsman and in the case of new varieties of hybrid parentage; and there is always a greater or less tendency to revert to the parent sorts or to develop sports of new and diverse colorings. However, these mixtures, sports, and reversions are much less trouble- some than with any other flower when nas- turtiums are planted to produce a bed or The old and the new types; note the great dif- ference in size and vigor its adaptability to . border of solid color, because the ‘“‘rogues” can be pulled out as soon as the first flowers appear, and the remaining plants of the true variety or color will by their quick growth quickly hide the vacant space where the objectionable plant has been removed. The two chief groups among nasturtiums are those in which the plants are of small, compact, bushy growth and those which throw out long running branches. The dwarf or bush type, which is commonly known as the Tom Thumb, makes a neat, rounded bush about ten inches high with comparatively small leaves, and in the older varieties the flowers are relatively small; but in the newer introductions the flowers come much larger in size and with broader and more fully rounded petals which, by overlapping at their outer edges, make a broad or bold-faced flower that is distinctly showier than the smaller and more open flower of the older types. The dwarf type of nasturtium is most de- sirable for edging flower beds and garden walks, as it makes a close, neat row of low, rounded growth, relieved by the profusion of highly colored flowers. It is also useful when the space is very limited but comes bushy only in well-drained soil or in a raised bed in the full sunlight, for if planted in low, wet ground or in partial shade there will be a very dense growth of leaves and stalks which is apt to blight and rot off during wet weather. The tall or running varieties are the most generally grown. For pot culture, hanging- baskets, vases, boxes on the porch or lawn, or for window boxes, they are by far the most satisfactory type. They are also best for planting along the fences, walls etc., or for a long border where there is ample room for the branches to spread as they increase in growth. Also they are most desirable for growing in solid beds or masses, as the long shoots or runners interlace and mingle freely over the entire bed or border, and will not rot off in wet weather as the very compact bush plants do. In any case they must have plenty of light and air. If planted in a shady pl®ce they will make long, slender runners and very few flowers. One of the best plans for growing the running nasturtiums in a small garden is to plant them in a long row like peas and pro- vide brush or a poultry-wire netting for their support. Treated in this way they will come into flower earlier and blossom more profusely than they will if left to run at will on the ground. [If a narrow border or bed is dug along the bottom of a paling or light ornamental iron fence, the shoots will climb and twist through the fence, with very little assistance in starting the early shoots in the proper direction, and make a most pleasing and ornamental effect. When planted in pots a slender stake should be provided and the shoots carefully trained or tied at intervals to this support, but for baskets, vases, boxes, etc., the runners should be allowed to hang over the edges and to grow The newest of the vine type; with mottled and marbled foliage, creamy white on green 16 The ivy-leaved type is very variableinform. Very slender vine-like shoots and small open flower at will as trailing vines. This effect is more readily obtained if the seeds are planted or the young plants set around the outer edges of the boxes or vases in which they are planted, using taller erect-growing plants, like gerani- ums, etc., for the middle portion. Among the running nasturtiums, the ordinary type is the strongest grower, and has the largest leaves, while the newer varieties have the largest flowers. The Lobbianum type is more compact in growth, with shorter and thicker and much darker and richer colorings in both the foliage and flowers, but the flowers are not as large nor as widely expanded as in the older type. In the new ivy-leaved type there is consider- able variation in the foliage, some kinds having the leaves more distinctly lobed or serrated than others, but the shoots are : always more slender and vine-like than in the common running nasturtiums, while the flowers are of open form, the slender petals standing well apart from each other, and are distinctly toothed or serrated at the outer edges. The most distinct type among the running THE GARDEN MAGAZINE nasturtiums is the old Tropeolum minus, which makes long, slender, vine-like runners with small, smoothly rounded leaves which are thickly set with small, bright flowers. This type is not as well adapted for long rows or masses as the larger-flowered kinds, but is especially pretty and graceful for hanging-baskets and vases or for trailing over rock work and other broken surfaces. Many orderly flower gardeners will of course prefer to plant everything in separate varieties and colors, but to my mind the general effect of the mixtures of the newer large-flowered varieties as offered by seeds- men is more showy and pleasing than a bed or row of a single color. The regular mix- tures as offered in the seed catalogues run largely to solid colors, but include also varieties having small spots of contrasting color at the base of the lower petals and delicate lines in the throat of the two upper The old 7vropcéolum minus with small round leaves is the most distinct of the running kinds. The flowers are considerably smaller than in modern kinds FEBRUARY, 1909 oe Bi Improved large-flowered running type. Note crinkled texture. In the fall flowers are larger still petals, so that for the richest and most varied effect in colors I would recommend the choosing of the special mixtures such as the Hotspur Harlequin, which has the red- spurred flowers, French Chameleon, Caprice, and Coquette. These selections comprise colors ranging from pale primrose or cream to deep golden tints, but are more or less overlaid by marbled shadings of bright red, scarlet, and soft rosy tints. They are bright and showy throughout the summer, but when cool weather comes in the fall they become still more varied, as the brilliant markings then deepen in tint and cover a much larger portion of the petals. These fall shadings are beautiful beyond description, and have been the cause of despair among flower lovers who have sought to fix these grand autumn tints by saving the seed from some especially fine flower. Such selections result in a more diverse coloring, but the most gorgeous tints and markings can be had only when the nights become cool in the fall. The planting of the seed is one of the simplest garden operations. Dig the soil early in the spring, making a fine, loose sur- face as you would for other flowers, then open a shallow trench or drill one to two inches deep and scatter the seed thinly along Tropeolum Loblianum of compact habit, has the richest colors in leaf and flower The Tom Thumb type is the best bush form; useful for edgings. Modern varieties have large flowers Queen of Tom Thumbs, the first variety with mar- bled (yellow) foliage. Dwarf, with small flowers i —_— Frpruary, 1909 the bottom. Another and better plan for a small quantity of seed is to push the finger or a small round stick into the soil about two inches deep and drop a single seed in each hole, making a separate hole where each plant is to grow. In either case cover the seed with fine soil, pressing it firmly on the seed so that it may come into close contact with all the corrugations that compose the shell or outer covering of the seed. This firming of the soil is necessary to insure good germination; otherwise the seed is lable to rot in the ground. If the young plants come up too thickly in the row or if it is desired to give them an early start in a special seed-bed, they can readily be transplanted to another bed or location when three to four inches high and when they show two to four true leaves. Any further thinning that may become necessary can be done at any time during the summer until the vines or runners become interlaced or tangled together. Here follows a selection of the most showy and distinct varieties in the different types: TOM THUMB OR DWARF BUSH VARIETIES Aurora. Leaves small, light green. Flowers good size, pale buff with suffused rose shadings. Beauty. A bright orange-scarlet self. Beauty of Malvern. Scarlet, darker and more nearly red than Beauty. Brilliant Yellow. Large flowered; bright sulphur- yellow. Bronze Colored. Small flowered, dark chocolate or bronze; odd but not pleasing. Carmine King. Very bright deep rose. One of the finest and most distinct. Chameleon. A variable strain of light bright shades and beautiful markings. Golden Midnight. Golden leaves, brownish crimson flowers. Richer and more velvety than Cloth of Gold. General Jacqueminot. Very dark reddish-crimson flowers. Golden King. Leaves deep green. Flowers extra large and broad-petaled. A rich orange-yellow. Golden Queen. Light golden leaves and straw-yellow flowers. King Theodore. Dark purple leaves. Very large velvety crimson flowers. Lady Bird. Dark leaved. Flowers rich orange yellow with carmine blotches and reddish spurs. Prince Henry. Deep primrose tint, heavily suffused with Tose. Spotted King. Deep yellow flowers. Large size with dark crimson blotches, ivy leaved. Vesuvius. Large flowered; bright salmon tints. Queen of Tom Thumbs. Leaves marbled green and white; small bright scarlet flowers. Rudolph Virchow. Flowers large. A soft tint of pale rose. Variegated Queen. Leaves marbled green and white, like Queen of Tom Thumbs, but this has pale yellow flowers. LOBBIANUM TYPE Aureum. Deep orange yellow. Black Prince. Dark purplish leaves. Rather small but very dark velvety-brownish maroon flowers. Brilliant. Dark leaved, bright rich scarlet flowers. | Cardinal. Dark leaved. Flowers crimson scarlet, large and showy. Defiance. Light salmon scarlet. A large well-spread flower. Firefly. Dark green leaves with reddish stems, rich deep orange-yellow flowers, carmine blotches and red spur. Giant of Battles. Pale straw yellow, spotted with carmine. Gold Garnet. Deep rich yellow, reddish brown spots at base of petals. Lucifer. Dark leaved and large flowers; bright rich scarlet, nearly red. Marguerite. Large creamy yellow flowers, rosy carmine spots and splashes, red spurred. Monsieur Colmet. Distinct brownish-red, rich and velvety. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Primrose. Dark leaved. Flowers light primrose, velvety-brown blotch, dark stripes in throat. Rudolph Virchow. Light green leaves. Flowers self- colored in a soft light rose tint. TALL OR CLIMBING TYPE Butterfly. Large flowered; light lemon-yellow with red spots or blotches on three lower petals. Caprice. A variable strain of light colors, spotted, striped and mottled with contrasting shades. Very large flowers. Coquette. Even more diverse and showy in varied colors and markings than Caprice. Same style flowers. Crystal Queen. Large light green leaves heavily marbled 17 Salmon Queen. Very large flowers, richly shaded with salmon on primrose ground. An improved Vesuvius. Sunlight. Very large golden yellow flowers, petals wrinkled or crape-like in texture. Twilight. Large flowered, light salmon and rich buff tints suffused on light yellow ground. Von Moltke. Large flowered. A dark rosy red, very bright and distinct. TALL IVY-LEAVED Golden Gem. Light green sharply lobed leaves, bright golden yellow flowers. Very showy. Flamingo. Dark, heavily veined leaves. Flowers rich For quick screen effects, or in partially shaded places, use the tall running nasturtium with creamy white. Large pale yellow or primrose tinted flowers. Fordhook Fashion. Extra large flowers, ecru tints or light crimson shadings on primrose ground. Golden-leaved Scarlet. Large golden leaves, bright scarlet flowers. King Theodore. Dark green leaves, dark velvety maroon or brownish red flowers. Midnight. Deep maroon, darker and richer than King Theodore. Moonlight. Very large flowers, crinkled or crape-like petals, pale lemon yellow. Prince Henry. Lemon yellow flowers with carmine blotches. orange scarlet. More ivy-like in leaf and larger, richer flowers than the original “Ivy Leaf.” Fordhook Fancy. Large open or star-like flowers. Petals golden-yellow spotted and splashed with car- mine. Spotted King. Large bright yellow flowers spotted and mottled with dark-brown red. TROPAEOLUM MINUS Minus. Long slender shoots with small round leaves. Flowers small, cup-shaped; deep orange with scarlet spots and long reddish spur. Minus coccineus. Identical with Minus, except that the flowers are dark rich scarlet. Four Plans for a 100x150 Ft. Lot—By F. C. Leible, 3% THE TENTH OF A SERIES OF ARTICLES ON THE ‘‘CHEAPEST GARDENS FOR THE SMALLEST LOTS,’’ EACH OF WHICH GIVES FOUR SOLUTIONS COSTING $25, $50, $75, and $100, RESPECTIVELY HE t00 x 150 ft. lot is about ideal for people who can afford to spend six thousand to eight thousand dollars on house pee B and lot, but who generally cannot afford to keep a gardener or even a man-of-all-work steadily employed. ~The depth of the lot is sufficient for a good-sized kitchen garden without harming the ornamental features of the place; but in the plans here given I have assumed that the owner does not care to bother with growing vegetables. In many first-class suburban towns it is possible to get fresh vegetables from’ farmers, and many people prefer to have the whole of a lot of this size given up to ornamental fea- tures rather than to take any space for vege- tables, particularly as itis impossible to raise enough potatoes and other vegetables for winter use on a lot as small as this. I. THE CHEAPEST SOLUTION — $25 ° While it is possible to buy a few more plants for twenty-five dollars than those listed in plan No. 1, such plants would be 1. Three alternate-leaved dogwood (Cornus allernifolia). 8. Three spreading cornel (Cornus slolonifera, var. aurea). 2. Three flowering dogwood (Cornus Biro oD 9. Eve lapemese py Ce pe so small that they would be several years 3. One red-flowering dogwood (Cornus florida, var. rubra). Io. ree weigela (Diervilla florida, var. rubra). . os 4. Three Siberian dogwood (Cornus alba, var. Sibirica). 11. One weigela (Diervilla hybrida, var. Eva Rathke). longer in giving a mature effect to the place. 5. Three Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas). | 12. Three buttonball tree (Platanws occidentalis). The only value of plan No. z is to show how 6. Three red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera). 13. Three golden bell (Forsythia suspensa). a s 7. Three European red osier dogwood (Cornus sanguinea). 14. One blue spirea (Caryopleris mastacanthus). inadequate twenty-five dollars is to plant a If only $25 is to be expended, buy shrubs place on which $240 ought to be spent. For we can never get a good effect in plant- ing home grounds for much, if, any, less than $100, and a good working rule is to reserve 4 per cent. of the total cost of the place for the outdoor features. This plan, however, has one interest in showing that even on this small scale it is possible to have a modest collection of such very interesting bushes as the dogwoods. At first thought it may seem absurd to specialize in any direction on so small a scale, and, indeed, specialization in the ordinary sense would not be justified; but the genus Cornus is composed of such widely different species that the passer-by would never imagine that the place had any specialty. For instance, the flowering dogwood is a tree with exceedingly showy bracts; the alternate-leaved dogwood is in- teresting for the formality of the tree, as it bears its branches in regular platforms or tiers; the Cornelian dogwood is unique in having yellow flowers that appear in March; the Siberian dogwood has red berries that are attractive all winter; and all the Dre RNR Cayo STABLES ot . Three sugar maple (Acer saccharum). 17. Three common barberry (Berberis vulgaris). a . . . Za Lee Se aE ES EO hte Bo ee Coralia syn eee): na species are attractive both in flower and 3. One white birc elula alba, var. Sibirica). 19. Hight yellow-twigged dogwoo ‘ornus alba). 5 4. Two Japanese Pasberry (Berberis Thunbergii). 20. bree Waite Spruce ie gee : ) fruit, as they have flat clusters of usually 5. Three kerria erria Japonica). 21. One Nordman’s fir (Abies ordmanniana). 5 g 7 6. Twenty-eight coral berry (Symphoricarpos vulgaris). 22. One silver retinispora (Retinispora squarrosa, var. V eilchii). white flowers borne in May or June, while 7. Nine red-twigged dogwood (Cornus alba). 23. Seven globe arborvite (Thuya occidentalis, var. globosa). in the autumn they have ornamental ber- 8. Three golden bell (Forsythia suspensa, var. Fortunet). 24. Two oriental spruce (Picea orientalis). | 9 . 1 9. Three Morrow’s bush honeysuckle (Lonicera Morrowii). 25. One plume-like Japanese cypress (Retinispora plumosa) ries of various colors. zo. Six rose of Sharon CESS SAE (Cc 26. Three hemlock Ue Pa . 11. Three variegated red-twigged dogwoo ormus alba, var. 27. One Austrian pine (Pinus Austriaca). eleganlissima). 28. One white fir (Abzes concolor). 2. A BETTER SOLUTION FOR $50 12. Four deutzia (Deutzia crenata). } 29. Five thread-branched Japanese cypress (Relinispora filijera). 5 13. Five eae Oe Cee ) 30. Two ema Japanese cypress (Retinispora Plan No. 2 is far from perfect, but at 14. Three weigela (Diervilla hybrida, var. rosea). obtusa). g 15. Seven salmon-barked willow (Salix vitlellina, yar. 31. Twenty-six plantain lily Os subcordaia)s ) least the place comes nearer a being well Britzensis). 32. Seven Japanese virgin’s bower (Clematis paniculata). 1 ] ] 1 . its 16. Four red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera). 33. Fourteen Boston ivy (Ampelopsis Veitchi1). furnished, and this solution te i Bo interes 34. Seven English ivy (Hedera Helix). ing as containing a collection of viburnums. One hundred dollars is less than half what should be spent on 150x100 ft. These shrubs resemble the dogwoods in 18 FEBRUARY, 1909 being attractive both in flower and fruit, and they vary remarkably in the color of their berries. Cornus and Viburnum are two of the most important groups of American shrubs, and anyone who plants a collection of either or both may feel that his place will have a strong American element in it. One beauty of a lot of such generous size is that four or five good-sized shade trees can be grown upon it. In this particular case I have specified a sugar maple, Norway maple, pin oak, and_ linden. Also, I have put in a small flowering tree, namely Bechtel’s crab, which is a tree with large double pink flowers. 3. A FLOWER-LOVER’S SOLUTION FOR $75 I would recommend such a plan as No. 3 only to some one who is an enthusiast about hardy flowers and is willing to give an average of an hour a day to their care. The most effective way of arranging hardy flowers is to give them some sort of a background. ‘This I have tried to do with what shrubbery could be had for the money. This is the only solution in which I have indicated a considerable space for a drying- yard. Such an institution would add con- siderably to the neatness and order of a place, and if the privet hedge surrounding it is allowed to grow eight feet high, the home grounds would not present an un- sightly appearance on wash-days. On other days the drying-yard might be used as a children’s playground. In selecting the flowers I have avoided all tender bedding material, and have con- centrated on hardy perennial flowers, so that there will be a maximum of floral effect with a minimum of effort. Such a garden, once started, can be maintained indefinitely with the same materials, but should any gaps occur they can be cheaply filled with annual flowers. 4. ATTRACTIVE ALL THE YEAR FOR $100 The fourth plan is, of course, the best of all, since it shows a well-furnished, but not overcrowded, place which will have some- thing of interest every day during the year. It has been particularly planted with refer- ence to winter effect. The material can be grouped about as follows: First, evergreen trees, of which the tallest and most permanent are Nordmann’s fir and the Oriental and white spruces. Second, shrubs with berries that are attractive in winter, such as the Indian cur- rants which are grouped under the linden tree, as they have the rare faculty of growing well in rather dense shade beneath trees. Third, shrubs with brighly colored bark, such as the salmon-barked willow and Kerria Japonica (which has attractive green branches), and the Siberian dogwood, the twigs of which are bright red all winter. Fourth, the broad-leaved evergreens. I have specified only seven vines of the English ivy. North of New York I substitute for this the climbing euonymus (Euonymus vadicans). THE GARDEN MAGAZINE STABLE H . Six Japanese snowball (Viburnum tomentosum, var. plica- tum). . Twelve single snowball (Viburnum plicatum). . Six cranberry bush (Viburnum Opulus). . Six soft-leaved viburnum (Viburnum molle). . Five white rod (Viburstum cassinoides). One white rod (Viburnum Sieboldii). . Three hardy hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata, var. grandiflora). . Nineteen Japanese barberry (Berberis Thunbergii). . Thirteen coral berry (Symphoricarpos vulgaris). WANHRWH ow For $50 a good collection of ee ¢ © @ 6 09Q0 } SSF STABLE | CRYING YARD { M oo ee 00 6 © ® 6 0 0 0 6 © ols to. Three black haw (Viburnum prunifolium). 11. Five golden bell (Forsythia suspensa). 12. Three weigela (Diervilla florida). 13. One Bechtel’s double-flowered Ioensis, var. Bechteli). 14. One sugar maple (Acer saccharum). 15. One Norway maple (Acer platanoides). 16. One pin oak (Quercus palustris). 17. One American linden (Tilia Americana). 18. Three white ash (Fraxinus alba). 19. Two wistaria (Wistaria*Sinensis) crab apple (Pyrus viburnums can be bought 1. Five banded eulalia (Miscanthus Sinensis, var. zebrinus). 2. Five striped eulalia (Miscanthus Sinensis, var. varie- galtus). 3. Three fine leaved eulalia (Miscanthus Sinensis, gracillimus). 4. Three plume grass (Erianthus Ravenna). 5. Three blue limegrass (Elymus glaucus). 6. Four bamboo (Bambusa Metake). 7 8 var. . Five hollyhock (Althea rosea). . Five peach leaved bell flower (Campanula persicifolia, var. Moerheimz). 9. Nine blackberry lily (Pardanthus Sinensis). to. Twelve ever-blooming larkspur (Delphinium belladonna). tz. Twelve St. Bruno’s lily (Anthericum liliastrum). 12, Eighteen Japanese windflower (Anemone Japonica). 13. Five summer hyacinth (Galtonia candicans). 14. Nine Japanese iris (Iris levigata, I. Kempferi). 15. Six Chilian lily (Alstremeria Chilensis). 16. Six yarrow (Achillea ptarmacoides, var. The Pearl). 17. Five larkspur (Delphinium formosum). 18. Eight coneflower (Rudbeckia Newmanni). A flower-lover’s garden for $75 and one hour a day 19. Fourteen sweet William (Dianthus barbatus). 20. Twenty-six pompon chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Indicum). 21. Eleven Japanese iris (Iris levigata.). | 22. Fifteen montbretia (Tvitonia crocosmeflora). | 23. Ten Chinese peonies (Paonia albiflora fl. pl.). 24. Three cotoneaster (Cotoneaster buxifolia). 25. Two Adam’s needle (Yucca filamentosa). 26. Three Norway maple (Acer platanoides). 27. One maidenhair tree (Salisburia adiantifolia). ! 28. One purple beech (Fagus sylvatica, var. purpurea). ! 29. One sugar maple (Acer saccharum). | 30. One American ash (Fraxinus alba). } 31. Three white fringe (Chionanthus Virginica). | 32. Three weigeleea (Diervilla florida). hi 33. Three purple fringe (Rhus cotinus). 34. Three drooping andromeda (Leucothoe Catesbai). 35. One hundred privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium) 36. Six English ivy (Hedera Helix). 37. Five Boston ivy (Ampelopsis Veitchii). 38. Two wistaria (Wistaria Sinensis). Quality Even in the Cabbage Tribe—By Effie M. Barron, 3% WHY CABBAGE AS ORDINARILY GROWN AND COOKED IS A COARSE AND POOR FOOD — THE REFINED MEMBERS OF THE GROUP AND HOW TO MAKE THEM DELICATE AND DIGESTIBLE | Norr.-— The last of a series of articles on quality vegetables for the Home Garden. F YOU believe that cabbage is coarse in flavor and texture it is only because you have never tried the Savoy type. You can always tell this variety by its crinkled leaves. It is, without doubt, the best variety for the private gardener to grow, for any time of planting, fall, summer, or winter. It is specially suited for salads and using raw; though the general idea is to use a white- hearted, very solid cabbage and slice across the grain. One of the best strains of the Savoy cabbage is Perfection Drumhead. Unfortunately the Savoy cannot be had in every market, because other varieties are more profitable. It is a pity that the public knows less about quality in vegetables than infruit. Consequently, the market gardeners think only of technical points, such as ability to ship a long distance and last a long time in storage. The huge cabbages we see everywhere in America would, in England, be thought fit only for cattle. There the best cabbages are small ones, say, a fourth the size of ours, and the English people like a rather green cabbage, not one that is wholly blanched. The most delicate cabbage is undoubtedly that which is most perfectly blanched. It does not pay to grow any members of the cabbage family in a small garden because they take up a great deal of room, and some of them require a long season. However, in many places it is impossible to get them fresh, and quality in the cabbage tribe depends more on freshness and cooking than on methods of cultivation. The earliest cabbages are all pointed, and they have to sacrifice size and keeping quality to earliness. They are sown in- doors in February, and are ready to use by midsummer, whereas the main crop is for winter use, and this is sown in June or July. The second earlies and intermediate cab- bages mature a little later, and are larger than the earlies, but they are not generally good keepers. However, it is not necessary | Y Kale, or borecole, anon-heading type very hardy. The leaves are beautifully colored and curled for them to be so, as the late or winter cab- bages are for that purpose. These are principally derived from the Late Flat Dutch type. They have very big, round, firm heads. Red cabbages are grown the same as the green ones in all respects but the color. When boiled they look so unappetizing on the table that they are seldom used this way. The addition of salt or vinegar, however, changes the color to a brilliant red, so that red cabbages are popular for pickles. CULTIVATION OF CABBAGE In small gardens it is the general practice to plant only once during the entire year — in July or August. In large gardens it is well to sow ‘‘for succession.”’ Always start the plants in the hotbed. The first planting should be the end of January and early February, planting the very early cabbages; transplant later, and be very careful that the plants get no check, as that spoils the quality of the vegetable. The early cabbages have pointed heads and are not so large as the late flat-headed type The second planting should be in the last week of March — they will then be ready for use from July to November. Plant the early kinds and coleworts, which are really delicious summer cabbage, fresh, green, tender and succulent. The third planting takes place the first half of May, and can be planted out when- ever there is any space in the garden. They will be useful till quite late in the year. For this use the main crop varieties. The most important sowing is the fourth and last. Sow seed for spring cabbage about the middle of July to the end of August. These can be planted out in the place of peas, beans, and potatoes when they are over. The whole secret of growing delicious cabbage is comprised tersely in these three rules: (1) Grow quickly, without a check 20 Mrs. Barron was formerly teacher of cookery under the London School Board. | at any time — transplanting included. (2) Give them good, strong, soil made rich by vegetable compost. (3) Do not allow them to suffer from drought. STORING CABBAGES Cabbages with firm, solid, compact heads are good keepers, and the only sort that are any good for storage purposes. Heads that are spotted, or show any signs of decay, or have started to burst will only waste time and space if stored—feed these to the cattle: : Two dangers must be carefully guarded against if the storing is to be successful. If the cabbages get too warm they will rot, and if they are allowed to freeze too hard they will be spoiled when the frost breaks in the spring. Always do your storing in dry weather. There is no fixed date to begin, but the usual time is about the end of October. Theideal way to store is to keep them where trees will partially protect them. Stack them up- side down, fitting them closely one into the other, and cover the pile to the depth of about six inches with leaves, putting brush or branches over the latter to prevent them from blowing away. If woods and orchards are out of the ques- tion the open field will do, and the cabbages can then be covered with stalks or straw. In any case plow the ground well so that the warm moisture from the bottom will filter through the pile. Another way of storing is to fill barrels with the ends knocked out and the earth banked around them to the depth of two or three inches. Then in the colder weather salt hay must be put over to prevent freezing. Another excellent way is to dig a trench about four feet wide and one foot deep. Pack in the cabbages heads down, stalk upward, fitting one layer into the other. Wrap the outer leaves round the heads. Cover two or three inches deep with straw, . aera Jersey Wakefield, the early type, is a very popular market variety, and is the favorite all-around cab- bage for the amateur Frepruary, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Kale, cabbage and broccoli. The earliest sowings are made in heatin February. Sow for main crop and for winter in June and July then three or four inches of earth. As the weather gets colder add more earth to the depth of about a foot. Another way is simply to keep them in cold frames. Any house or cellar is fatal to them, as they always rot or grow. They can, however, be stored on shelves in an open shed. It is an astonishing fact that such strik- ingly different plants as kale, cauliflower, collards, and Brussels sprouts have all been developed by man from the cabbage. Yet it is impossible to tell one from the other by the seed alone. COLEWORT, COLLARDS, AND KALE The prototype of the cabbage family is the colewort, which still grows wild in parts of Europe and Asia. It was originally boiled and eaten as an accompaniment to meat. The cultivated colewort of to-day is finer in texture and milder in flavor, being, in fact, young cabbage picked before it has started to make a heart. The leaves are picked when about the size of a man’s hand, and if perfectly fresh make a dainty and wholesome dish. Georgia collards are much like coleworts, but are especially adapted for growing in warm, dry climates. Kale, or borecole, is another non-heading type, which is strikingly beautiful because of its fluted leaves. It is supposed to have come from the Savoy cabbage. It is essen- tially a winter crop, as the leaves become tender and sweet only after being exposed to frost. It is used only for greens, and is coarser in flavor than cabbage but easier to grow. ‘There are several variegated kales of great beauty in form and color, which are useful for garnishing. Do not pick kale while the frost is on it. BRUSSELS SPROUTS Brussels sprouts are considered by some to be the most delicately flavored member of the cabbage family. The leaves do not all unite to make one large cabbage, but miniature cabbages, or “‘sprouts” are formed all the way up a long stalk, which sometimes grows as high as three feet. They make an expensive dish, as they cost about fifteen cents a basket, and two baskets are required to make a dish large enough for a good-sized family. This makes the cost about twice that of cabbage. It is a great pity this vegetable cannot be grown in larger quanti- ties and sold cheaper. The flavor resembles the Savoy rather than the common cabbage. The most delicate, both in texture and flavor, are the small, compact specimens. The large, loose-leaved strains have coarser leaves and are not so sweet. They are, however, often demanded from the erro- neous idea that the hard ones are stronger flavored than the loose. Freshness counts for everything in this case. Moreover, with stale ones so much has to be cut away and wasted. Brussels sprouts require the longest grow- ing season of all the cabbage tribe. They are usually sown for the first time about the middle of March, and they will not be ready for the table until about the end of October. If wanted ‘‘for succession,”’ sow some again the middle of April and transplant in July. The sprouts will be sweeter and tenderer if they are allowed a touch of frost before picking. In the autumn the leaves should be cut off near the stem, so as to allow the sprouts to develop. Caulifiower, the most refined and most nutritive of the cabbage family. Buy only the very best seed offered Begin to store them about the end of October or the first week in November, if frost has started. An excellent way is to dig up the whole plant, leaving plenty of root and earth on. Plant them very close together in a sheltered part of your ground in patches that will be easy to get at, say about five rows to each patch. Cover the patches with litter, leaves, or salt hay. They can also be stored in coldframes. Good strains are Long Island Improved and Paris Market. CAULIFLOWERS AND BROCCOLI Cauliflower is generally considered to be the most refined member of the cabbage family. I believe it is also the most nutri- tious. Cauliflower and broccoli are the only members of the family in which the flower is greatly developed. In the other cases it is the leaves which we eat. Broccoli is hardier and easier to grow than cauliflower, but the whole plant is coarser and not nearly so much esteemed. It is absolutely essential that this plant be fresh when eaten, for if it has lain around any time it often becomes intensely bitter. The only way to get good broccoli is to grow it yourself, and pick and eat it within the hour. In both vegetables the flower must be com- pact, solid, and snowy white — not loose, branching or “‘stemmy’’—for a branched cauliflower is rougher in texture and stronger in flavor. It should be crisp, 7. e., the stalks should snap easily; flabby stalks that bend instead of breaking are not fresh. This is used for Volga, of the flat-headed type. salad and winter storage THE GARDEN MAGAZINE While cauliflowers are growing the leaves must be tied up over the flowers to whiten them and to prevent sunburn, which causes the pure whiteness of the flower to be marred by unsightly black specks, thus spoiling the table appearance, although the flavor may be satisfactory. It is impossible to get the best cauliflower from seed costing less than twenty-five cents a packet. You want the kind that costs the seedsman $90 a pound, not the kind that costs $2.50. Good strains are: Best Early, Snowball, Dwarf Erfurt. Cauliflower and broccoli can be stored in the same ways as cabbage. In piling have the heads downward, the stalks up. Brussels Sprouts are most delicately flavored, but should be touched by frost to be in perfection Cauliflowers that are wanted for storing should be planted in the early part of September. HOW TO COOK THE CABBAGE TRIBE There is Great Art, with capital letters, in cooking cabbages, and, in fact, all “greens,” to perfection. In order to pre- serve their color and flavor properly put them into plenty of fast boiling water, cook quickly till done, and take them up the moment they become tender. Over-cooking fades the color. Old, dark-green, thick-ribbed, coarse-leaved cabbages are better not cooked for the table at all, but if they must be used boil them in three separate waters, and do not forget to use boiling water each time. Cauliflower and broccoli must be put into the water with the flower part down to keep them white. Otherwise the scum that arises will discolor them. If left in the water after they become tender the heads FEBRUARY, 1909 Georgia collards, a non-heading cabbage suitable for dry and warm regions will break, the color will be spoiled, and the crispness will depart. Steaming is an ideal way of cooking cauliflower. In selecting for the table choose cabbages that are fresh, brilliant in color, fine and crisp in texture, neither stringy nor hard, but sweet, succulent, and tender. Coarse, dark-green leaves are strong in flavor and odor, and take an immense time to cook — very long, thick midribs also should be avoided as much as possible, as they take so much longer to cook than the leaves that the latter are overdone and spoiled before the stalks are cooked. Old, large cabbages are best not used for the table, but given to the cattle who are not particular as to quality. Wilted cabbages, or, in fact, “‘greens”’ of any sort, that are flabby and yellowish with the commencement of decay, are unfit for food. If greens are slightly withered stand them in very cold water for about half an hour, and their crispness will be restored. Cabbages that have been frozen must be placed in cold water till thawed out again, but even then the quality of a frozen cabbage is very inferior to a really fresh one. All vegetables must be thoroughly cleaned before cooking. First, pour boiling water over them, to get the insects out (they will die and drop out), then wash several times in cold water. If the vegetable is to be served raw, do not pour boiling water over The Savoy cabbage, known by its crinkled leaf. is the acme of flavor of the true cabbage type —_- FEBRUARY, 1909 it, as that gives it a sort of ‘‘cooked”’ flavor, but let it stand in cold salt-and-water or vinegar-and-water for twenty minutes or so, after which wash thoroughly. To boil, have a large saucepan full of boiling water. To each half gallon of water allow one table- spoonful of salt and a heaped teaspoonful of sugar. Soda can be used, either bicarbon- -ate or even plain washing soda. The purpose is to soften the water, and the sugar does this without the danger of making it slimy or soapy, as too much soda is likely to do. Boil all greens with the lid of the kettle off. This makes a wonderful difference in the appearance of the vegetables. Boiling with the lid on darkens the color; boiling with the lid off keeps the color fresh and _ bright. When draining cabbage be careful to press out all the water with a presser or saucer. VARIETIES FOR THE HOME GARDEN Name Early _ Late Cabbage E. Jersey Wakefield | Succession, All Seasons E. Winningstadt Large Wakefield Late Extra E. Express Stonehead Premium Flat E. Stonehead Dutch E. Summer Fettler’s Brunswick Burpee’s All-Head | Surehead, Volga, Autumn King Savoys Ulm, Very Early | Perfection Drumhead Paris Red’pickling] Dwarf Blood Red | Red Flat Dutch Cauliflower | Snowball, First and | Dwarf Erfurt, Algiers Best Autumn Mammoth Best Early Early White — E.| Late Queen Champion Purple Walcheren — Pur- ple Cape Broccoli Brussels Dwarf—Sutton’s | Dwarf Gem sprouts Matchless, Dalkeith} Fall Long Is. Improved THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Cabbage should be drained in the colander and then pressed hard and cut across and across before serving. Long strings and large leaves of cabbage are unsightly and unappetizing on the plate. Also cabbage swimming in greenish water is disgusting. Brussels sprouts, cauliflowers, and broccoli should be drained in the colander also, but cannot be pressed dry, as that would break them. Serve cauliflower or broccoli with drawn butter sauce. Brussels sprouts are boiled the same way as cabbage, and served very hot with plain melted butter, pepper, and salt. These look well if piled in a pyramid on the vege- table dish, but any arrangement must be made very quickly; as the sprouts are so small they cool rapidly. Red cabbage is never served boiled, as the color is so disgusting; as a pickle with vinegar, however, it is much esteemed, and the brilliance of color is delightful. It can also be stewed and served masked in sauce, when it becomes the correct accompaniment to partridge. The Chinese cabbage, or Pe-tsai, seem to be principally stalk; it looks somewhat like a cos lettuce, and is good for growing in mild climates. It is milder flavored than the European cabbage, and can therefore be eaten raw asa salad, or cooked. Boiled, minced, and served with butter it is delicate and somewhat like boiled endive. The uses for the different members of the family are: Cabbage and Savoy: Plain boiled, soups, hot or cold slaw, salad, sauerkraut, stuffed and boiled, ete. Kale leaves are gathered as wanted over a long season, the head not being cut off Red cabbage: Pickles and stews. Cauliflower and broccoli: Soups, entrées, and pickles. Brussels sprouts: Boiled as an accompani- ment to meat. Stewed with gravy as an entrée. Made into fritters with batter. Coleworts, kale, borecole, collards: Are generally served plain boiled, without sauce. Can be added to spring soups. English Effects with Hardy Trees— By Wilhelm Miller, 8% THE TWO FALSE GODS WE WORSHIP—THE ONLY WAY IN WHICH WE CAN GET THE BEST ENGLISH EFFECTS, AND THE ONLY WAY IN WHICH WE CAN SURPASS ENGLAND [Evitor’s Nore. —This is the second of a series of twelve articles on the materials of gardening, while the companion series in Country Life in America is devoted to styles of gardening. Both are the result of an extended visit to England made by the author last year-] DO not blame the hundred thousand Americans who annually yisit England for desiring to duplicate the best English tree effects. For the English landscape possesses more luxuriance and mellowness than ours, and this is largely due to the tree growth, since trees grow taller and live longer than other plants. Also, I am sorry when cultured people plant English trees and they die. But I believe we are wholly mistaken in throwing the blame for such failures on our methods, when the real defect is in our spirit. The trouble is we worship two false gods — Speed and Show. For instance, we Americans have an insane passion for shade by the speediest and cheapest route. The only method we can conceive is to plant ‘‘fast growers.”’ Yet there are two better methods, one of which is actually quicker, while the other is cheaper in the end. It is legitimate to alternate silver maples or box elders with long-lived trees, but even this is usually a bad plan, for some one will lack the sense or courage to chop down the temporary trees before they injure the permanent ones. And every time we plant fast-grow- ing trees only, as most of us do, we are sure to reap disappointment, for they are bound to die or become unsightly at an early age. Again, we may be quite unconscious that we worship Show, but we do. For we go about our friends’ country places admiring their golden elders, weeping hemlocks, cut-leaved maples, and other “horticultural varieties.” These things do not exist in Nature but are, in a sense, creations of the nurserymen. They are like jewelry or spice or slang — to be used in moderation, but we ordinarily make them the dominant features of our home grounds. I believe that the readers of THE GARDEN Maca- ZINE are not immoderately fond of loud clothes, cheap jewelry, rag-time, or slang, but the trees Americans plant most are analogous to these things. We can never achieve the mellowness of the English land- scape by such a route. For, even at their best horticultural varieties are transitory and undignified compared with their prototypes. They make for restlessness, not repose. If I could deliver to the American people a golden treasure-box containing the most precious thought that England has to give her sister about her trees, that thought might be expressed somewhat as follows: The most valuable quality in any landscape is mellowness, and this can be attained only when long-lived tree are in the majority. Two thousand years of change have made the English people enthusiastic lovers of enduring things. A thousand years from now the Americans will have the same spirit and America will be quite as mellow as England. For half the trees one can then see in any direction will be a century or more old. And they will not be the trees we now plant by the million, such as poplars, willows, soft maples, and others. They will be oaks, beeches, lindens, and the like, for slow-growing trees are the only ones that can achieve great age and stature. Our job, as 24 individuals, is to recognize this law of evolution and put our home grounds in har- mony with it. z How can we do this? In two ways. First, by transplanting all the large trees we can afford. Second, by planting enough slow-growing native trees to dominate the land we own. The fast growers and horti- cultural forms should be reduced to a mini- mum. The former are only for temporary Juxuriance; the latter only for spice. This is the only true perspective. What a different programme this is from the one we have hitherto been following! Until a few years ago, it was the regular thing for nurseries to have only the English oak, elm, beech, and linden; there was no de- raand for the American equivalents. Now the whole attitude is changing. We see that we can never get English effects merely by plant- ing English species. We have abundant proof that European trees, as a rule, are not long-lived in America, except on the Pacific Coast. But, even if they did thrive here, it would be slavish imitation to have them in pre- ponderance. We want an American landscape, not an English one. For- merly we aimed at the letter and missed the spirit. Now we see that mellowness resides, not in Eng- lish trees as such, but in the great age and stature of tree growth, and that we can have mellow country places only by preserving and planting our own long-lived trees. But my theme is to show how to repro- duce all the most important English effects with material that will really be hardy and long-lived in Amer- ica. In my judgment there are about eight main effects. THE PRIVATE FORESTRY EFFECT Everywhere in England you see private forests planted for profit. England first won her naval supremacy in ships built of English oak trees which were practically planted for the purpose on private estates. Public or state forestry hardly exists in Eng- land. Here we commonly think that forestry concerns the Government only. A few Americans will plant catalpa, locust, or some other tree crop that matures in seven to fifteen years, but when the passion for enduring things becomes a national trait with us we will plant oaks and other species that require a hundred years or more to mature. Meanwhile, the Bureau of Forestry THE GARDEN MAGAZINE at Washington, D.C., has a plan for co- operating with any one who has a forest in which profit is the chief consideration. THE LANDSCAPE FORESTRY By ‘landscape forestry” I mean the art of managing woods for pleasure. ‘There are thousands upon thousands of private deer parks and game preserves in England, while here they are comparatively rare. One can always tell a park by the abun- dance of grass and the peculiar shape of the trees. Most of these are nicely rounded, and all have a flat base at a uniform height above the ground—the height to which deer and cattle canreach. It would be child- ish in us to imitate this effect. If one keeps cattle for breeding purposes the effect will come naturally and will be appropriate. But if one wants a park for beauty it is The English landscape possesses more luxuriance and mellowness than ours, and this is largely due to the tree growth, since trees grow taller and live longer than other plants much better to have the branches of speci- men trees come right down to the ground. In sporting woods, the characteristic effect is a dense undergrowth of English laurel, a broad-leaved evergreen shrub of great beauty which is not hardy here. We can never duplicate this effect, but even if our rhododendrons are narrower, darker, and duller of leaf, the fact is of small conse- quence. When America is as crowded as England we shall .doubtless pay much attention to breeding cattle and making game preserves, but it would be the shal- lowest sort of affectation for us to imitate now her cattle-pruned trees or laurel coverts. The private arboretum is occasionally seen in England. Its object is to cultivate every kind of hardy tree. Some examples that I saw were too haphazard, some too botanical. We have a good many wrong kinds in America. The best pattern for us is the Arnold FEBRUARY, 1909 Arboretum. Mr. Thomas Proctor has a very good private arboretum at Topsfield, Mass. The commonest point of view toward pleasure woods in America is to “let them alone.’ That is why our woods are so uninteresting. American woods are full of diseased, crooked, and spindly trees, and there is no comfort in walking among them because of mosquitoes, brambles, and burs.. The slowest and most imperfect way to restore a piece of woods to its primeval grandeur is to let it alone. We can make it wilder and more interesting at once by planting great quantities of wild flowers that will spread out of their own accord. I saw acres of bluebells in English woods, and this effect we can reproduce literally. The cheapest methods of carpeting the forest floor with wild flowers I hope to explain in July. At present I can speak only of wild garden- ing in which trees are dominant and flowers incidental. The loveliest effect of this kind I saw in England was that of beech woods. ‘The beeches themselves are a constant revela- tion of beauty. All have exquisite, smooth bark, and retain much of their foliage all winter. Some are beautiful, others grotesque; some are high branched, others low branched; some are developed on all sides, others only on one; some are spot- ted with gray lichens; others uniformly coated with green. The finest moss in the world grows under beech trees. Holly grows to per- fection under beech, and makes an ideal companion for it, but there is an atmosphere ” in beech woods that is positively not of this world, and therein lies its mystic charm. Tennyson reproduces it in “Pelleas and Ettare.”’ But I realize that private forestry is only for people with good-sized country places.* Most of us can have only a few trees on the lawn or in the garden. All the other effects I shall describe are from this point of view and I must omit street trees} and conifers. THE FLOWERING EFFECT The grandest flowering tree I saw in England is the horse chesnut. There is * Let them buy and study Forbes’s “English Estate Forestry.” ; F , + Because the point of view is generally public, not private. Let the student consult THE GARDEN Macazine, Vol. VI, p. 128, and Vol. VIII, pp. 118-121. +I wrote something about cunifers last month, but there are better articles by Mr. Berckmans in THE GARDEN MAGAzIneE for January and March, 1908. FEBRUARY, 1909 an avenue of horse chestnuts about a mile long at Bushey Park, and I fancy the trees are eighty feet high. (Pictured on page 26.) When “Chestnut Sunday” ap- proaches, the London papers tell their readers, and great crowds flock to see the spectacle. We can grow the horse chestnut quite as well as England, but we commonly use it for shade or street planting, for both of which purposes it is ill adapted. Street robberies are easily committed under its too dense shade, and the ground beneath horse chestnuts is often clammy. There are only a few flowering trees that grow to great size, and since large trees are not wanted in a flower garden, these are fittest for a large lawn. Next to the horse chestnut the best tall flowering trees are tulip tree, false acacia, empress tree and Japanese varnish tree, all of which, I believe, we ought to grow better than the English can. The most popular flowering trees are the small ones, since the flowers can be seen and picked easily. Many people who have not been to England suppose that the commonest flowering tree there is the haw- thorn with double red flowers, and conse- quently our yards are full of it. This is an unfortunate mistake, for the common Eng- lish hawthorn is white and single. All the red and double hawthorns have come from a-wholly different species (Crategus mono- gyna), although hundreds of nursery cata- logues still indicate that they were derived from Crategus Oxyacantha — an immortal error. You do not see double red haw- thorns everywhere in England because double flowers and unnatural colors are not considered suitable for lawns. The prin- ciple has been well stated by our great American landscape designer, Mr. Warren H. Manning: Horticultural forms originated im the garden; they should be restricted to it, and not allowed to dominate the landscape. The showy thing we do is to put pink dogwood and Bechtel’s flowering crab on the lawn. The refined thing is to plant white dogwood on the lawn or pink dog- wood in the garden. I did not see any flowering effects with trees that struck me as particularly English. I believe we can get the equivalent of their hawthorns with our native species, but not with the European. Our strong card, how- ever, is our native dogwood. We can grow magnolias quite as well, and our western catalpa is suitable for lawns, but until the day of public spraying comes we should go slow on everything of the rose tribe, because these plants are subject to San José scale. I refer to Prunus and Pyrus, which include the flowering cherries, plums, peaches, apples, pears, and quinces.* THE COLORED FOLIAGE EFFECT Fortunately flowering trees are showy, as a rule, only when in bloom. Otherwise they would get stale, like a bed of Baby Rambler rose or any other ‘‘ever-blooming”’ bore. But purple leaves are vociferously * For important articles on flowering trees see THE GARDEN Mscazing£, Vol. VI, p. 128, and Vol. VIII, pp. 330-332. MAGAZINE THE GARDEN An American catalpa in Eugland, showing the breadth and nobility we could get by planting our own trees and giving them plenty of room to grow purple for months at a time, and that is why we love them. ‘Trees with abnormally colored foliage make the most show for the money, and we love to advertise. The English don’t. Nature almost never gives us purple or yellow leaves— except in autumn. No place can be restful unless green is dominant. Of purple, golden, and silver tones we get plenty for daily purposes in our ordinary trees, but bronze-leaved ashes and purple elms, plums, and catalpas are tiresome to live with. You may be greatly excited at the first sight of a huge blotch of yellow on the landscape, but when you come close you find that it is only an elm, oak, poplar, or box elder gone wrong. And after you have resolved about twenty The English love the oak best of all trees because it lives longest. our hearts also. such cases into mere yellow journalism, the sensation gets a bit sickening. The plants just mentioned are what William Robinson calls ‘tree rubbish.” The dignified and lasting members of the group are the purple beech and purple Norway maple. It is right, also, that we should pay big sums for Japanese maples, although they are uncertain about growing. But even these we overdo. THE CUT-LEAVED EFFECT Only one degree less vulgar than a pre- ponderance of abnormally colored foliage is a preponderance of cut-leaved trees. Must everything be shredded for us from breakfast food to the trees on our lawn? Some day oaks will be first in We have many kinds, England only two 26 Why does anyone want a mountain ash with leaves like an oak, or a hawthorn with leaves like celery, or an elm with leaves like a nettle, or anything with curled or hooded leaves? The legitimate way to get cut-leaved effects is to use trees that are normally fine- leaved, not the abnormal varieties of maple, alder, beech, oak, elm, and linden. When- ever we want trees for thin, open effects, let us use our own deciduous cypress, Ken- tucky coffee tree, black locust, or Hercules’s club, or else the Japanese varnish tree. The light filters down beautifully through their pinnate leaves, and these trees live long. We grossly overdo all trees with “ trop- ical” or spectacular foliage, such as the large- leaved magnolia and the ginkgo. They are periectly hardy and are not creations of man, but is that any reason why we should fill a peaceful scene with objects startlingly different from our environment? Our country, as a whole, can beat England all hollow on variety, but too great variety on any one place is our national failing. I heard some Englishmen complain that the English landscape is monotonous. On the contrary, it is all the more home-like, be- cause a few tried and true kinds of trees appear everywhere. Some day our land- scape, too, may look like the home of one big, happy family. THE EFFECT OF FORMAL OUTLINES What possesses us to plant so many trees that are living cubes, globes, cones, and columns? They may be appropriate in the garden, but rarely on the lawn. The most conspicuous of these forms is the columnar or fastigiate. The Lombardy poplar is a living exclamation point. It was the first ornamental tree we bought in quantity. It spread like wildfire in America and ruins many a fine landscape. A group of three or five makes a splendid break in Be. Ah : An English park, showing why the trees are all flat-bottomed—the deer trim them. horse chestnuts about a mile long at Bushey Park _ happy. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE the skyline, but whole streets lined with it are most unnatural and tiresome. The nurseries are full of ‘‘tree pretenders” — such as the oak that mimics a cypress in outline. Let us forget these horticultural forms. After you have learned to know and love beech, tulip tree, hawthorn, horse chestnut, and other broadish trees, their columnar varieties look pinched and un- When we want cones let us go to the trees that naturally make cones, but “not too all-fired perfect” cones, viz., the spruces and other evergreens. I wish I could come back in 500 years so as to find all the Kilmarnock weeping willows gone. The original mulberry has some dignity and interest, but Tea’s weep- ing mulberry on a lawn is simply ludicrous. May the good Lord send a special bug to devour all the horticultural ‘‘weepers,” especially the maples, dogwoods, lindens, and oaks. In the garden the bug should spare them, especially if they form tea- houses or summer-houses for children, but let no guilty weeper on the lawn escape. If we need pendulous foliage somewhere why not plant something that is naturally pendulous, like the Wisconsin willow? * THE SHADE EFFECT There is no sense in planting any of the trees that we commonly plant solely for shade, because they die too soon or get unsightly. If we need shade without delay we can build a veranda or summer-house or trans- plant a big tree. And if we plant long- lived trees for other purposes the shade problem will be solved incidentally. The English have an equally foolish pas- sion for retaining old trees that are in the way simply because they are old. ‘“‘Most of us plant too thickly,” says William * Weeping trees were reviewed in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Vo!. V. p. 76. An avenue of Frepruary, 1909 We. can grow magnolias better than they can in England. These large flowers are specially wel- come for early spring effects on lawns Robinson, the trees “‘get too close and we neglect to thin them, the result being moldy, close avenues, dripping, sunless groves and dismal shrubberies.” Whenever our houses are made damp and moldy by trees it is usually because trees with horizontal branches overhang them, so that there is no chance for air to circulate. The ideal tree near a house is an American elm, not the English, which is a most treacherous tree, dropping great limbs without warning. Anyone who wishes an inspiring new point of view toward shade trees should read the chapter in the ‘English Flower Garden,” called ‘“‘Air and Shade.” THE AGE EFFECT If your grounds are large enough for a tree that will grow a hundred feet high or more, plant an oak. The grandest of American oaks is the white oak (Q. alba), and this is also the nearest equivalent of the English, which generally fails here. But the white oak is impossible to trans- plant and very slow.. The quickest grow- ing oaks are the pin, red, and scarlet. Plant American, beech and linden in preference to their English equivalents. Plant red and sugar maples in preference to the sycamore maple. The following characteristic American trees will grow better here than in England, and have often attained more than roo feet or 100 years: Honey locust, black walnut, pin oak, red oak, black oak, white oak. The following cannot be expected to last a century: Birches, elms, poplars, willows, ailanthus, catalpa, box elder, silver maple, English hawthorn, or any kind of chestnut. There are many ancient trees in Britain that seem: thoroughly at home, but they were originally foreigners, e. g., chestnuts, linden, larch, Norway spruce, and service tree. But practically all came from a related climate — that of Europe. A thou- sand years from now many foreign trees will be naturalized in America, and prac- tically all will be from the Far East. But America will never “‘find herself” until her own trees are everywhere in the majority. FesBruary, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 27 EVERYTHIN( | FOR THE : is the title of Our 1909 es, most beautiful and instructive horticultural publication of the day —a book of 200 pages— 700 photo engravings from nature— 8 superb colored and duotone plates of vegetables and flowers. It is a mine of information of everything that is worth while in gardening either for pleasure or for profit, and embodies the results of sixty years experience in seed growing. As a book of reference alone it is invaluable. To give this catalogue the largest possible distribu- tion, we make the following liberal offer: EVERY EMPTY ENVELOPE $= COUNlS A>) CASH ———— To every one who will state where this advertisement was seen, and who encloses Ten Cents (in stamps), we will mail the catalogue, and also send free of charge Our Famous 50-cent “Henderson” Collection of Seeds containing one packet each of Giant Sweet Peas, Mixed; Giant Fancy Pansies, Mixed; Giant ‘Oictoria Asters, Mixed; Henderson’s Big Boston Lettuce, Freedom Tomato and Henderson’s Blood Turnip Beet in a coupon envelope, which, when emptied and returned, will be accepted as a 25-cent cash payment on any order amounting to $1.00 and upward. PETER HENDERSON & Co. 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, _ NEW YORK. Q Callas in California ey THIS section of the country the calla is often used as a boundary fence between two estates, and there is no reason why it should not be as freely used in the gardens of the North, with as much success as dahlias or any other summer- flowering plant. The cultivation of the calla is very easy. While it is a moisture-loving plant, it luxu- THE GARDEN MAGAZINE riates in a rich, well-drained soil, but it must never be permitted to suffer for lack of water at any time during its growing season. It is a gross feeder, and the soil in which it is planted should first be thoroughly mixed with well-decayed manure. Callas can be grown to perfection in good dahlia soil with about half the care required for perfect dahlias. The plant likes a position sheltered from the wind but with no overhanging shade. The season of growth extends from the end of February to the last of August, during which time dozens of flowers are produced. When a flower has almost opened, cut it and place it in water; when fully expanded it will be a more delicate white than those which open out-of-doors. Callas and geraniums can be safely planted outdoors at the same time. Do not be alarmed if the leaves turn gray after being first set out; they will become a dark green and increase in size as the tubers gain roots. in California callas bloom from February until August if planted in a position sheltered from wind FEBRUARY, 1909 When the planting out is completed, cover the surface of the soil for about two feet around the-plants with a one-inch mulch of fine decomposed manure. This, not being a medium of capillary attraction, will cut off evaporation and help maintain an even soil moisture. If the weather is such that the plants need watering, the mulch will also keep the soil from hardening on the surface afterward. A good idea that will be found of benefit to callas in hot weather is to draw up with the hoe around the plants a little wall of dirt ‘about four inches high. Do this at the time of planting, for after the mulch has been put on all cultivation of the soil ceases. As soon as the first killing frost appears carefully lift the tubers and cut off the tops about three inches from the crown of the tubers. When the remaining part is dry, clean the tubers of all dead material and lay them in dry sand placed in a dry, cool, frost-proof place. Examine the tubers sey- eral times during the winter; if any decay shows upon them, cut it out and sprinkle dry slacked lime upon the cuts. The variety generally cultivated is Rich- ardia Africana, which grows from three to four feet high. The flowers are large and spreading, of an ivory white, changing with age to a paper white. A very pretty variety of Richardia Afri- cana, with smaller leaves, is Little Gem. It grows two feet high and has medium-sized, funnel-shaped flowers with a little spread. They are pure white. Richardia Elliottiana has flowers of a beautiful pure golden yellow. This variety is of more recent introduction and is valuable for cut flowers. Its growth is not so strong as the white varieties, and, as far as I have been able to judge, it prefers partial shade. Santa Barbara. W. H. Morse. How to Increase Your Tomato _ Crop A GOVERNMENT employee in Wash- ington, D. C., by the following method of pruning and staking his tomato plants, greatly increased the yield of fruit. He not only had enough for his own family, but lib- erally supplied his neighbors and had enough preserves to last a whole year. His garden was only the back yard of a small-sized city lot: He set the plants as closely as one and one-half feet in rows three feet apart (2 x 4 in the very rank growing varieties). He secured a sharpened stake five or six feet long for each plant and when the plants were fifteen to eighteen inches high began to train them. He removed all the laterals except one or two, which, with the main stem, were tied to the stake with strings of white cotton cloth (which would not break the stem). As these continued to grow they were tied loosely to the stake, the side Shoots being constantly pinched off. The increased productiveness was not so much per plant as in the fact that so many more plants could be grown upon the same area of land. Colorado. iL, 18, JPatwini, FEBRUARY, 1909 EVE GAR DEN Send Today For big descriptive folder about how you save fuel, save time, save work, save dirt with the compact, ¢asy running, dustless Hill’s Hustler Ash Sifter Sifts ashes into barrel underneath while un- burned coal rolls out clean into scuttle with turn of handle. No dust, no work. Quick- ly saves its small cost—lasts a lifetime. Write today for Folder &3 HILL DRYER CO., 408 Park Ave. Worcester, Mass. AE 5 Grapevines $1.00 Strong, Hardy, Three-year-old Vines Any five of the following well-known varieties: (Red)—Brighton, Delaware, Lindley (White)—Niagara, Diamond, Pocklington (Black)—Concord, Worden, Moore’s Early, Wilder. These vines will grow anywhere and will bear the year after planting. We guarantee them to be as represented or money refunded. We also offer 10 strong, hardy, two- year-old vines tor $1.00. This is a remarkable col- lection of grapevines at an exceedingly low price. Order now, vines will be shipped proper time to plant. With every order we send our valuable book how to plant, cultivate and prune. Grapes are easily grown and should be in every garden. T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY Grape Vine Specialists. FREDONIA, N. Y. Established 42 years ELLEN GLASGOW’S BOOKS The Ancient Law The Battle-ground The Wheel of Life The Voice of the People The Deliverance The Freeman and other Poems DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., New York City Complete Lighting Outfits for cottage home or large estate. A Maxwell & Fitch Gasoline Engine furnishes cheap power not only for Electric Generator, but also for water supply system and other light ma- chinery. We furnish complete outfits. Full information on request. The Maxwell & Fitch Company 518 Dominick Street . Rome, N. Y. The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care of livestock MAGAZINE 29 Its Safer to Sleep Under A Roof That Won’t Burn. OU cannot prevent neighbors from being careless about fire—brush heaps on fire and burning chim- neys are a danger—there are many ways a roof can be ignited if it’s made of dry- as-tinder kindling wood. ZOLIUM will not catch fire from sparks or burning brands. ZOLIUM is a scientifically tight roof and is a perfect non-conductor of heat and cold. An attic under ZOLIUM is not acold storage in winter and a fur- nace in summer. Each ZOLIUM tile is an integral part of a long, pliable, impen- etrable sheet of bonded fibre, extending from gable to gable, and lapped three deep. This principle entirely does away with the thousands of cracks on an old styleroof. ZOLIUM positively excludes moisture. ZOLIUM isarich tone of Indian red, a permanently pleasing color. Also a light gray. It is a most artistic roof in either color. ZOLIUM can be laid over old shingles, thus avoiding the danger of damage while removing them. ZOLIUM is economical, permanent and modern. Shall we send booklet and sample—mailed free? J.A.&W.BIRDE&CO. 29 INDIA STREET, BOSTON Start with the largest stock that can be secured! to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. Plant for Immediate Effect Not for Future Generations It takes over twenty years We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an immediate effect. Price List Now Ready. ANDORRA NURSERIE WI1. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor Box CHESTNUT HILL, G PHILADELPHIA, PA, Tomatoes from the Garden in June Y GROWING tomatoes on _ stakes and watering in a rather novel way I obtained a crop of unusually large toma- toes on June 21st, many of the fruits weighing over a pound. I did not possess a hotbed, but prepared a seedbed in the sunniest spot in the garden. Three feet of the old soil was removed and replaced by two feet of manure, on top of which one foot of good potting soil was firmly packed. Early in February I planted seed of Chalk’s Early Jewel, fitted over the top of the seedbed an old glass window sash, banked manure around the sides, and covered the glass with straw mats. As soon as the tiny plants appeared I gave them light, using the mats at night only. During warm, sunny days I raised the glass to admit air, so that the plants would harden. On May 6th I set in permanent places in the garden r1o thrifty plants, most of which were budded. They were planted two and one-half feet apart each way and trained to stakes, and I thereby secured from the same ground about three times as many tomatoes, which were larger, better, and much earlier than those produced by the usual methods. Between each row of plants a piece of pipe was set on end (a leaky tin can would do as well) and filled with water twice a day during dry weather. The plants more than paid for this little trouble by rapid and sturdy growth. Ohio. Mrs. Josery C. Brown. How to Grow Peppers Jee pepper plant, being a lover of warm soil and warm weather, is_ well suited for the South, anda good crop can be had with but little care. Peppers suc- ceed best in a rich, warm, sandy soil, but can be grown successfully almost anywhere. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Poultry manure and guano are the best fertilizers, and should be liberally applied before planting. Start the seed in hotbeds or in small boxes about the first of February. The plants will then be ready to set out in the open ground the first of April. Have the ground well pulverized; make the furrows three feet apart with a shovel plow, and put a good quantity of fertilizer in each. Then run a shovel plow along the sides of the furrows, making beds or ridges on the manure. After a good rain set out the plants on these beds or ridges, placing the large varieties from eighteen inches to two feet apart in the row, and the small varieties from twelve to fifteen inches apart. Plow or hoe the soil around the plants every two weeks to keep it loose and free from weeds and to encourage rapid growth. Put a tablespoonful of nitrate of soda around each plant after it is well started. Pepper seed requires from one hundred and twenty-five to one hundred and fifty days to mature, the largest varieties, of course, requiring the longest time. Of the large sweet peppers, grow the Chinese Giant and Sweet Mountain. The former is the largest variety grown, and is better than Sweet Mountain, although not so early. I have seen pods of it so large The largest pepper grown is Chinese Giant, a single pod nearly filling a quart measure that one would nearly fill a quart measure. The Neapolitan is claimed to be the earliest of all the large early varieties. It should be given a trial in the South as well as in the North. The best varieties of the small, hot, red pepper are Tabasco, Long Red Cayenne, and Bird’s Eye or Creole. AeyaleeSs Early Spring in the Garden )/e THIS locality February is really the first spring month, and, if the weather is favorable, seed of all hardy flowers and vegetables can safely be sown in the open ground after the first weék or two. All hardy plants may now be placed in the open ground provided they have been first hard- ened off in the coldframe. Set out some cabbage plants and you will have this vegetable for use at least a month earlier than you would from seed sown now. The best celery I have ever seen grown in the South was from seed sown during February. If it is planted here late in the spring it never succeeds unless the soil is moist and the weather very favorable; there- fore it is best to sow the seed early in Febru- ary in a hotbed so that the plants can get a FreBRUARY, 1909 good start before the warm, dry weather comes. The soil must be rich (but neither excessively wet nor dry), as the plants must make a rapid growth to be of good quality. Those interested in growing celery for home use should read THE GarDEN MacazinE for August, 1907, page 8. Select and order chrysanthemum plants now for delivery early next month. Do not buy the unnamed sorts because they are cheap, for in the end you will find them much cheaper in quality than in price. The beds where chrysanthemums are to grow should be spaded at least twelve inches deep, and one inch of well-decayed manure spread over the surface. Spade the beds again just deep enough to mix the manure with the soil. A little pamphlet of directions usually comes with plants bought from nurserymen, and this should be read over carefully, as the information contained therein is of the utmost importance. Remove the winter protection from around the pansy plants now so that the sun can get tothem. At night cover with heavy paper to keep out the frost. Everyone who has a garden, no matter what the size is, should own a small spraying apparatus. From March until the end of the season the insect enemies of vegetables and flowers must be destroyed. Georgia. Tuomas J. STEED. A Cattleya With Thick Fleshy Flowers a tee orchid here pictured is Cattleya granulosa, which differs from the favorite cut flowers of this genus in having blossoms of a thick, fleshy texture. The sepals are olive green spotted with red. The lip has three lobes, the side lobes being yellow inside and whitish outside. The middle lobe is white, covered with numerous purple papilla. This orchid is a native of Guatemala. New Jersey. R. G. CHASE. The lip Cattleya granulosa, a native of Guatemala. is distinctly three-lobed The Readers’ Service will furnish you with the 9 FeBpruary, 1909 “vr H E G A R D E N M A G A Z Mt N 1D) names of reliable firms in any department of trade ot A Splendid Evergreen Vine we fo ee ——CSEwornymuss. RRandécans HY PLANT the Boston Ivy or Ampelopsis Veitchi which loses its leaves with the first frost, when you can have a more beautiful vine that holds its leaves all winter and is perfectly hardy? More beautiful than the English Ivy, which is not hardy. For covering stone or brick walls this Euonymus is unsurpassed. ‘The leaves are small, of a rich lustrous green, and look just as well in winter as they do in summer. This vine can also be used instead of Box, which is not very hardy north of Washington, for making garden edges or little hedges, and nothing is more beautiful for the purpose. . 20 cents each; $2 per dozen; $14 per 100 Extra Strong Plants: 30 cents each; $3 per dozen; $20 per 100 We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including 300 varieties of the choicest Peonies, one hundred varieties of Japanese and European Tree Peonies, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world, and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue describing these and hundreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees, Rhododendrons, Azaleas and Shrubs, will be sent on request. “A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS,” by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrangement. We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars on request. Elliott Nursery Company 336 Fourth Avenue PITTSBURG, PA. Stone house in Erie, Pa., covered with Euonymus Radicans Proofs of the Quality of Biltmore Trees and Plants The quality of got ‘sold Moy a firm and treatment accorded customers in its dealings with them can best be determined by the degree to which they buy again. Established Two years ago Biltmore Nursery first offered its _ product to the general public. A large volume 20 Years of business was the immediate result. Satisfied | _ Last year our trade/more than doubled, and a ; : a gratifying proportion of the orders we received Our catalogue—the acme of perfection in cata- Cust ers came from customers of the preceding year. logue making—is the most instructive, the most use- ful, the most concise, and contains the least extrava- gant descriptions, of any seed annual published. A Veritable Mine of Information. Increasing For the current year we have already enough or- T d ce i ders to assure a still larger businéss, including no race : inconsiderable number from pleased patrons of 1907 and 1908. The buying public has placed its seal of approval on our claims as to the superior stock and supe- rior service supplied by Biltmore Nursery, after trying out our plants, shrubs and trees. Approval of Buying Public - You will’agree with us when you have secured a copy. Ready now—Mailed free—Postal sufficient. This year we hope to have your order, whether or not you have been agcustomer before. If you havenot seen our cemplete catalogue, send for a free copy. BILTMORE NURSERY Box3422, BILTMORE, N. C. J. M. THORBURN & CO. Dept. G. 33 BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK 107 Years in Business in New York City What is a fair rental for a given j +7 properly ? Ask the Readers’ Service alt H E G A R D E N M A G AZINE FEBRUARY, 1909 Oo bo oe o,time tO “Fite these do, 1 tnk@ rq give me great pi. Senin ou ¥ . Plenay, Ong oD te ory valuable things. Fe to have S° You in nes Feithrul1, youre 2 qunsec” Shirley suns so # poppe” AST summer we determined, regardless of labor or cost, to make our Garden Book for 1909 a New Kind of Catalogue by incorporating clear, concise, down-to-date cultural notes which would enable amateurs to grow their favorite flowers or vegetables to perfection. With this end in view we secured the cooperation of a number of the leading horticultural authorities, including: Mrs. H. Rutherfurd Ely, author of “A Woman’s Hardy Garden,” etc.; Prof. L. H. Bailey, editor of ‘Encyclopedia of American Horti- culture;”” Mr. William Falconer, former editor of “Gardening; ” Mr. George W. Oliver, expert plantsman and writer; Mr. W. C. Egan, the eminent amateur; Mr. Eben E. Rexford, the well-known writer on house plants; Mr. T. Greiner, author of ‘‘How to Make the Garden Pay,” etc., etc., besides the practical experience of our own corps of experts. The result is that Dreer’s Garden Book for 1909, in addition to being the most complete catalogue published, is now the most valuable guide to the growing of vegetables, flowers, etc., that has ever been printed. Enlarged to 256 pages, 4 color and 4 duotone plates and hundreds of photographic illustrations. The one hundred and more Special Cultural Articles by the leading horticulturists of America are invaluable to every amateur grower of flowers and vegetables. It would cost at least $25 for the various horticultural books to cover the information contained in “Dreer’s Garden Book for 1909.” But we will send a copy jree to every one mentioning “‘The Garden Magazine.” Write to-day. HENRY A. DREER 714 Chestnut St. Philadelphia The Best Carnations for the Amateur FIRST-CLASS carnation should com- prise these important points: The flow-. er must be not less than three inches in diam- eter, of good form, and well built up. By this I mean the outer petals should reflex until they are at right angles with the stem, and the centre should be so high that the flower forms a perfect semi-circle, with a sufficient quantity of petals to have a ‘‘full”’ appearance. The calyx must be strong and not inclined to burst at a little extra heat or a trifle overfeeding. The stems should be not less than twenty inches, and rigid enough to hold the flower erect, but with a little suppleness to give a graceful arching. The flower must have enough vitality to stand shipping and to keep well after cutting. Bad cultivation will destroy any of the good points in the best carnation, whether it be size, stem, calyx, or keeping qualities, and the one great evil to guard against is too high a temperature. Carnations cannot stand heat, and when grown at too high a temperature the weak points in certain varie- ties will quickly develop, size being usually the first point to suffer, then stem and form. The bursting of the calyx and consequent loss of form in flower is, in nearly all cases, caused by too high a temperature; other causes are too much water at the roots, in- sufficient drainage, and a very sudden change of temperature. The short-calyx varieties (such as Mrs. G. Bradt) are, of course, more inclined to burst than the long-calyx type (such as Beacon). Stems can be con- trolled to a marked degree. A temperature of 45 degrees is best for stems, but the plants don’t flower freely at that point, so we must raise the temperature a trifle; but above 55 degrees good stems cease. Another cause of poor stems is insufficient nourish- Pick. the flowers every morning, but do not cut) them off; plunge them into cool water and place) in a cool, dark place for a few hours ; m3 TELA FEBRUARY, 1909 Ij you wish lo purchase live slock wrile lo the Readers’ Service GARDEN: ALA.GA ZINE SOOW Sima SOOW Mima Your Se That’s Name and Address All UR 1909 EDITION is the most practical text book on Straw- berry growing ever written, It’s worth its weight in gold because it teaches the Kellogg method of growing the world’s record crops of big red berries. Every detailof the work is illustrated by photo-engravings. You read it by pictures. They show you just how to do everything from beginning to end. Strawberry growers who follow the Kellogg way are getting more fancy berries from one acre than the other fellow gets from two. The book makes you acquainted with some of these top-notch growers; shows pictures of their strawberry fields and gives their yields, This book for your address. We’ll trade even. R.M. KELLOGG COMPANY, Box 690Three Rivers, Mich. Ferry’s are best because every year the re- tailer gets a new supply, freshly tested and put up. You runnorisk of poorly kept or remnant stocks. Wetake the pains; you get the results. Buy of the best equipped and most expert seed growers in America. It is to our advantage to satisfy you. We will. For sale everywhere. Our Ig09 Seed Annual free. Write to D. M. FERRY & CO. Detroit, Mich. YOU BUY THE BEST WHEN YOU GET BERCKMANS’ TREES AND SHRUBS Over five hundred acres in thrifty and well- grown nursery stock, adapted to almost every section of the globe. Catalogue free. P. J. BERCKMANS CO. Fruitland Nursery (Established 1856) AUGUSTA, GA. LANDSCAPE WORK a specialty. No proposition so large but that we are equipped to handle it. It will pay you to spray your Fruit Trees and Vines for protection from scale and all insect pests and fungus diseases. FREE Instrue- tlon Book shows the famous Garfield, Empire King, Orchard, Monarch, Leader, and other sprayers; also gives a lot of formulas and other valuable information. FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., No. 48 Ith St., Elmira, N. Y. “‘T am going to tell a number of specific PA I N T T A L K S and money-saving facts in this magazine No. 1—Paint for Exterior Work from month to month. Space is limited and bare facts only can be stated. Those who want reasons, explanations, fuller information, etc., need only write National Lead Company. Exterior paint is exposed to the weather, hot—cold—rainy—freezing. No risk should be run with faulty materials or faulty methods. The priming coat should not be ochre. It is cheap but fatal. The best primer—our pure White Lead mixed with linseed oil, some turpentine (enough to drive the paint into the pores of the wood) and a bit of Japan drier. The body and fin- ishing coats need exactly the same materials but they should be mixed thicker. Points to Avoid—(4) adulteration in pigment (a guar- anty of absolute purity goes with our White Lead)— (b) adulteration in oil—(C) too much turpentine—(d) inferior drier—(e€) also stale paint should not be used. Have your painter mix the ingredients fresh for each job. NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY An office in each of the following cities: New York Boston Buffalo Oincinnati Chicago Cleveland St. Louis Philadelphia ‘John IT. Lewis& Bros. Company) Pittsburgh ‘National Lead and Oil Company SUBURBAN GARDENERS Find in the Iron Age Book devices of which they never dreamed for the easy, economical, exact cultivation of the pleasure-profit garden. Think of one pair of easy-going handles performing every opera- tion from the opening of the soil to the gathering of Nature’s reward and you have a slight idea of Iron Age methods. Whether you plant a hill, a row oranacre, whether you do it yourself or employ others, you must know about these Iron Age labor saving, yield-increasing implements if you want to get the full return for your labor or investment. The Iron Age Book will be forwarded upon request to readers of Garden Magazine-Farming. Read it and be a better gardener. BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box C, GRENLOCH, N. J. Painting Outfit Free We have prepared a little package of things bearing on the subject of painting which we call House-owners’ Painting Outnt V, + includes: 1—Book of color schemes (state whether you wish interior or exte- rior schemes). 2—Specifications for all kinds of painting. 3—Instrument for detecting adulteration in paint material, with directions for using it. Free on request to any reader who asks for House-owners’ Paint- ing Outfit V. —— The Readers’ Service is prepared to = Riyiseinarents is regard to schools ay H E G AN R D E N M A G A IL, I N E FEBRUARY, 1909 gh fywes OL CU ) | BONORA CHEMICAL CO. 488-492 Broadway, Broome St., New York macadamized roads. We are al- ways very pleased to have pros- J pective customers visit our Nur jf sery and inspect the stock. Telephone 530 Jamaica 52 The latest books on travel and biography may be obtained through the Readers’ Service THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Frepruary,. 1909 HOUSE OF Do YOU know what the above four words con- vey to the rose lover of to-day ? : Can you imagine what they mean to the proprie- tor of this business as he sees in them the realiza- tion of fond hopes — the result of fifteen years of earnest, untiring effort, until to-day “ PETERSON ROSES” are spoken of as in a class by them- selves ? And they are. : For ten years as an amateur I lived in an atmos- phere of roses, toiled among them and—yes— loved them. A With me rose growing was a hobby — passion — PETERSON of business, “THE HOUSE OF PETERSON” stands supreme — unequaled — unapproached. Why? It’s too long a story to tell you here, but let me send you a copy of my “iittle Book About Roses” (1909 edition, ready February Ist.) ; It’s different from most catalogues — very differ- ent. It appeals to intelligent, thinking people — it tells the truth. It tells you im detail how, from the time you take up the spade until the flowers are gathered, to achieve the fullest success. It’s sent on request to intending purchasers — to anyone, without obligation to purchase, for ten call it what you will. And to-day, after five years cents in coin or stamps. 144 Rutraven St., Roxpury, Mass. “Thank you many times for your charming ‘Little Book About Roses.’ It is a delight every moment, from cover to cover, and is exactly what I need. I have all winter been reading books on the Rose and Rose culture, and while I have received much and varied information, nothing has so completely suited me — telling me so plainly what I desire—as vour little book. (MRS.) CAROLINE L. SWIFT. Write for it now — to-day. George H. Peterson ROSE AND PEONY ox 50 SPECIALIST FAIR LAWN, N. J. A sterling writer whose each new work commands a larger audience than the last Una L. Silberrad Curayl The Good Comrade The Lady of Dreams Desire Princess Puck Petronilla Heroven The Wedding of the Lady of Lovell The Success of Mark Wyngate Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 133-137 EAST SIXTEENTH ST., NEW YORK CITY ‘THE COUNTRY HOME 22°52 planted with SHADE and ORNAMENTAL TREES, HEDGES, VINES, SHRUBS and ROSES, and furnished withits orchard and garden of carefully a selected FRUIT TREES AND SMALL FRUITS Our assortment FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN GRAPE CULTURE ADAPTED TO ALL PARTS OF THE U. S. By T. V. MUNSON Leading authority on Grapes in Amer- ica, is now offered on subscription by T. V. MUNSON & SON, Denison, Tex. Publishers. Send for terms. beautiful and at- is complete in both fruit and ornamental departments BUY DIRECT FROM THE GROWER AT WHOLESALE PRICES. : Seta ns ee Send for illustrated catalogue ee sel GROVER NURSERY COMPANY, 94 Trust Building, Rochester, N. Y. MORRIS NURSERY COMPANY Specialties for Spring 1909 Rhododendron hybrids choice hardy vars. and colors 18-24” and 2-3. Rhododendron maximum 1-8’ selected plants in ear lots. Kalmia latifolia 1-5’ selected plants in car lots. Blue spruce Koster variety 4-5’ and 5-6’. Evergreens in assortment 1-6’. Cal. Privet 20-30"; 2-3’ and 3-4’ X— all 2 yrs. old. Carolina poplars 10-12’, 14” dia. Azalea mollis 15-18” bushy plants well budded, Norway maples 10-12’, 14” dia. selected. Norway maples 12-14’, 2-24” dia. selected. Norway maples 14-16’, 24-3” selected Box dwarf 5-6”. Box dwarf 6’. For our general stock write for our new edition of cata- logue. Prices quoted upon receipt of list of wants. Corres- pondence solicited. MORRIS NURSERY CO., Sales Office. 1 Madison Ave.. New York A Genuine Red This Old Colonial Chest with its broad copper bands and dull natural Cedar Chest gives Absolute finish, makes a beautiful Wedding or = Birthuay Gift. , Freight prepaid. 7 We pay return charyes if unsatisfac- Protection against tory. Send for catalog today. Pied- M ths mont Red Cedar Chest Co., Depart- oO , ment 42 Statesville, N. C. will be the more deeply and thoroughly prepared. A mellow seed-bed is required in order that the plant food shall be readily available. If grown for fibre, weeds must be carefully avoided as they decrease its value. For this reason it is well to follow some inter-tilled crop with flax, and avoid the direct use of barnyard manure. Nitrogen is the controlling ele- ment of fertility, so it is good practice to follow clover or some legume with flax unless too many weeds are present. Plant- ing on new or fallow land is desirable, to avoid weeds. Most thorough use of the harrow is the main essential of success. Insufficient harrowing cannot be overcome later on. ; hee WHEN TO SOW SEED Sow the seed as soon as the ground has settled and begun to warm up, which is usually in May in the Northern States. When grown for seed, sow one-half to three- fourth bushel to an acre which will give the stalks room to branch and produce more flowers and seed. For fibre produc- tion it is best to sow one and one-half to two bushels of seed, so that the plants will be closer together and produce single straight stems instead of branching stalks. Broadcasting and light covering by the har- row is practised for fibre crops. On light soils it is essential to follow with the roller. For seed crops drilling will be most satis- factory if the seed is not planied too deep. If the ground is clean, the crop requires no further culture; but if it is grown for fibre and weeds are numerous they must be pulled out when the flax is but a few inches high, else the damage by trampling will be greater than the injury done by the weeds. For seed the crop should be harvested with a binder when the seeds are plump and full. For fibre it must be pulled either by hand or machine. The time to pull is when the straw is beginning to show a yellow color and the lower leaves drop. The yield of seed per acre varies from ten to fifteen bushels and the price varies from about 80 cents to $1.75. The principal use of the seed is in the manufacture of linseed oil; and the linseed meal which is left after the oil has been expressed has a high value as a concentrated stock food, — being rich in protein. Flax is sometimes cut just after blossoming and cured for hay, making a very desirable fodder. DISEASES TO GUARD AGAINST A fungus disease, flax wilt, which is com- monly known as “flax sick soil,” often attacks and ruins the crop. It is trans- mitted by the seed and may be controlled by treating the seed with formalin as de- scribed for smut of oats and wheat in THE GARDEN MaGAzINnE for October, 1908. When soil has become badly infected the only remedy is to employ a crop rotation in which flax does not occur oftener than once in five or six years, and thus starve out thé’ fungus. As with other grains, it is impor- tant to sow only clean, plump, heavy seed for best results, Pennsylvania. F. E. B. PE Sy ay Ly Be b= Rr SPROE_ ZIT, THE FreprRuARY, 1909 ALFALFA Pronounced Absolutely Pure. No Weeds. Largest growers of Clover, Timothy and Grasses, Oats, Barley and Potatoes in America. EX, GOV. HGARD OF WISCONSIN, from 30 acres sown to Salzer’s 20th Century Alfalfa, harvestéd within 24 weeks after seeding $2,500.00 worth of magnificent hay, orat the rate of $83.33 per acre. re WW Ss + It’s the most original seed book published and is gladly mailed to in- tending purchasers free. Or remit 10¢ and get lots of remarkable farm seed samples, including Alfalfa, Clover, etc., or send 14e and weadd a package of Farm Seed never seen by you before. JOHN A. SALZER SEED Cv., La Crosse, Wis. Three Valuable Garden Books HOW TO MAKE A FRUIT GARDEN - By S. W. Fletcher I82 photographs. Net §2.00 (postage 22c) HOW TO MAKE A VEGETABLE GARDEN 4&y Edith L. Fullerton 250 photographs. iNet $2.00 (postage 26c) HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN - By Many Experts 200 photographs. Net $1.60 (postage 28c) DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 E. 16th St., New York All Saints’, Montecito, Cal. A. B. Benton, Architect, Los Angeles. Stained with Cahot's Shingle Stains. Beautiful—and Cheap Soft, velvety colors, that will wear as long as colors can, and cost 50% less than paint to buy and to apply, have made a world-wide reputation, for Cabot’s Shingle Stains Made with the best pigments, the best fixa- tives and Creosote, “the best wood pre- servative known.” e only stains made of Creosote and without petroleum. Stained-wood samples and color chart sent free Samuel Cabot, Inc., Sole Manufacturers 1 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass. Agents at all Central Points GARDEN MAGAZINE The Readers’ Service gives 9 information about Real Estate 53 $1,000 For Thinking Publishers, like other people (we speak for ourselves), get into ruts, and that is bad for progress. Our books and magazines go to perhaps a half million of the brightest people in the United States, and you, dear sir or madam, who are doing us the favor of reading this announcement, are of the elect. Will you give us some suggestions and plans based on experience ? We have four selling problems (besides a few we won’t bother you about). They are: I To make known and to interest people in all our Book Publications. II To make known and to interest new people in The World’s Work. Ill To make known and to interest new people in Country Life in America. IV To make known and to interest new people in The Garden Magazine. When we think of the number of persons who might be concerned if they could only be brought to know of them, we are appalled at the extent of the work we have not yet done. Question: How to extend the sale and influence of items I, II, II], IV. We want some well- worked-out plans to accomplish these things. To be valuable, the suggestions must be practical, and should not require an expense of $2.00 to get back $1.00. For this service we offer: Four prizes under each of the four heads, as follows: $100 for the best suggestion $25 for the second-best suggestion $15 for the third-best suggestion $10 for the fourth-best suggestion No limit to the number of suggestions, and one person may win a prize in one or more divisions. If you can take any active part in the working out of the plan, so much the better. Rules are Simple 1st. Each plan must be written on a sepa- rate sheet, and headed under the proper subject, i. e.: I. Book Plans II. The World’s Work III. Country Life in America IV. Garden Magazine—Farming 2d. All plans must be in our hands by March 8th, and conciseness of state- ments will count. 3d. The publishers will be the judges. If no good suggestions, no prizes. If more than 16 good ideas are received, we will pay for them. 4th. Suggestions which may not be used returned only if stamps are enclosed; the payment of a prize gives us full right to use the plan without further payment. 5th. Awards will be published in the May issues. If you want any more particulars, write and ask for them. Book catalogues on request. Address: The 1909 Selling Campaign, Doubleday, Page & Company, 133 East 16th Street, New York A Novel of Modern Society and Mr. Benson’s Best Author of THE CLIMBERS, By E. F. Benson “820i ec. The story of ambitious Lueia Grimson, who gains the goal of her dreams---social leadership-~at the expense of all that is worth while in life, to realize the futility of her striving when the law of recompense demands a remorseless accounting. Illustrations. $1.50 Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, New York SEED CORNI33 BUACRE DIAMOND JOE’S BIG WHITE:—A Strictly new variety: None like it. It is the Earliest and Best Big White Corn in the World Because it was bred for most Big Bushels. not fancy show points, because grown from thorough- bred inherited stock; every stalk bears one or more good ears: i Big Seed Catalog FREE. Send for it today, Address properly cured and had the most rigid examination. Garden and flower seeds grown, Because scientifically handled, thoroughly dried and It tells about all best farm, grass RATEKIN’S SEED HOUSE, Shenandoah, Lowa. = The Readers’ Service will giv = : 54 Tilo GE aba es Bares WEL IB, GARDEN MAGAZIN E FEBRUARY, 1909 Potash means dollars in the grower’s pocket. Perfection of size, color and flavor as well as large yields of Raisin g Onions and Cele ry i) All Kinds of Fruit ; | 7 | ‘HINK of raising a crop of from 500 are secured by the use of fertilizers rich in Potash. See to 800 bushels of onions and from that your fertilizer has enough Potash—at least 10%, and 1,000 to 1,200 dozen celery plants per acre send to us for Free Literature telling how much each kind f f| at an actual cost of $100 an acre for rais- of See eee have to get best results. ing and marketing! This is being done ail inuite) Vegetables aed Gene eome eieaeaean ou i in a certain pant of ‘Canastota GERMAN KALI WORKS, 33 Nassau Street, New York [ff soil there is rich and black, from two to — adanoc 4 . ATLANTA—Candler Building iB six feet deep, and a few years ago was an immense swamp. By being properly cleared i and drained it has become one of the most Sooo SSS | productive sections in the state. 66 99 The onions are grown from seed planted ; in rows one foot apart. As the rows are so “Ziyes Erion close together, weeding must be done by hand. When the onions are ready to be harvested in August and September, they are pulled from the ground and thrown into windrows, where they cure in the sun for from twenty to twenty-five days. They are then topped and crated, and either stored in sheds or shipped to the markets direct from the field. The celery seed is sown in small beds, and when the plants are large enough they are set six inches apart in rows three and one- half feet apart. The field is kept clear of weeds by horse cultivation. When the plants have attained some size they are blanched by being almost buried in soil, which is ridged up on either side of the row. When harvesting, the plants are pulled up whole. They are then taken to the washing | plant to be washed, the roots trimmed, the plants bunched (one-half dozen to a bunch), and crated for shipment. Washington, D. C. M. Ear Carr. | / 4s . oe . . f 8. Be will positively destroy all soit bodied sucking insects, wey es including all forms of San Jose scale. It is simple, 7 cheap, easily applied and wonderiully effective. Endorsed by government experiment stations, agri- cultural schools and thousands of fruit growers. PRICES—so-gal. bbl., $25. Freight paid if east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio rivers and N. C. state line. 30 gal., $15; ro gal., $6; 5 gal., $3.25; 1 gal., $1, F. O. B. Hackensack, N. J. Booklet I tells the whole tale. Pocket Diary and Spray Calendar for 1909 sent free. Mention this paper. B. G. PRATT CO., Mig. Chemists, Dept. “‘I,’’ 50 Church Street, New York, N.Y. HARDY FRUITS, FLOWERS, TREES Big variety to select from. I carry every kind of nursery stock. Ornamental trees, small fruits, evergreens, fruit trees, hedges, bulbs, roses, flowering bushes, aspar- agus, ete. All are hardy, strong plants, full of growing life and natural vigor. I have everything needed for the garden, tools, spray pumps, mixtures, etc. Write for free spraying guide and handsome catalog. Doit now. A. J. Collins, BoxT, Moorestown, N. J. FROM GROWER TO PLANTER Ellwanger & Barry’s TREES Shrubs, Roses Handbook on Gardening —I wrote it myself and some people who claim to know about such things say that it is really worth while. —Twenty years of gardening and seed growing have taught me a few valuable lessons and Iam willing to give them to you free. ‘ E —While I am out for all the _busi- ness I can get fairly and honestly, if I can help you over some of the rough places I will feel better. f —If you have had trouble with any Special crop, I canhelp you. I don’t claim to know everything, but what I do know is at your service. 4 —More than that I will send you free samples of seed of varieties specially suited to your conditions. Tell me what you want most, and I will send it with my compli- ments. —Please address me personally. HENRY FIELD, Pres. Henry Field Seed Co. Box 101, Shenandoah, Ia. P. S.—I forgot tosay, 1 am in the seed business and want to sell you your supply of seeds. But i, the catalog will tell you all about it. Send for Evergreens and Hardy Plants Are Famous The World Over Best stock at reasonable prices. No agents. Commissions saved. Collections unequalled. Beautiful illustrated catalogue mailed free on request. MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES EstasuisHeo 1840 Box B , Rochester, N. Y. A field of celery being blanched. The soil is ridged upon either side of the row until the plants are almost buried THE GARDEN FEBRUARY, 1909 MAGAZINE 1} you wish information about dogs, apply to the Readers’ Service 59 LIVING IN GROWING HARDY FLOWERS And I want to send you my catalogue of Hardy Plant Specialties, the realization of a desire formed many years ago to be among beautiful flowers, to work among them and be surrounded by them. The call has been instinctive and increasingly irresistible, and in complete surrender to it I grow hardy plants, the tried and true essentials of permanent gardening. The personality and sense of companionship about these will soon cause you to regard them ag old friends, like members of the family. As inthe old home garden of the long ago, there is soon the Peony, the Poppy, the Iris, etc. When you become acquainted with the plants that make it up YOU WILL FIND THE HARDY GARDEN A WONDERLAND OF DELIGHT A season’s production at Wyomissing Nursery runs over a quarter of a million Irises and Peo- nies, in 420 varieties of Iris and over 500 different Peonies. Phlox, Delphiniums, Poppies, Pyre- thrums, Japanese Anemones, etc. are grown in large numbers. Write to-day for my catalogue and let us become better acquainted. My stock must be about right, or such a large proportion of those who sent me trial orders last Fall would not have followed with second orders so late in the season. One man—a mighty shrewd one—sent the third order, his bill amounting in all to $260.00 BERTRAND H. FARR, “Womissine 809-E Penn St., Reading, Pa. EXTRA SPECIAL—Dickson’s Irish Roses, famed for vigorous growth and freedom of bloom. Heavy dormant stock, two years old. Write me your Rose needs and I will make you a special proposition. Your Beans, Peas and Sweet Peas Will Break All Records This Year IF YOU WILL MOISTEN THE SEED OFRS Sie ROAR Ye Lier aS Olas Welter . | F AR M ) GE R M HIGH-BRED NITROGEN- GATHERING BACTERIA Garden size 50c. Acre size $2.00. By Mail or Express Paid Larger crops and earlier maturity— Farmogerm is for use with the fuller pods and finer flavor—these are crops known as the legumes, such as the results obtained by inoculating the ll varieties of beans, peas, clovers, seeds with Farmogerm, a pure alfalfa, etc. The bacteria not culture of nitrogen-gathering only increase the crop inocu- bacteria. And in addition the lated, but storein the soil large soil is left richer in nitrates for quantities of nitrates which will fhe next planting season. greatly increase the growth of The strong, active bacteria in whatever crop you plant next. Farmogerm increase rapidly Farmogerm is put up in spe- in the soil, by the millions. cially sealed bottles, and is They enter the roots of the young plants and begin to draw READY FOR USE nitrogen from the air immedi- when you getit. Every bottle ately, The nitrogen at once is guaranteed to contain enough becomes available to the plants, bacteria of strong vitality and furnishing in abundance the great nitrogen-fixing power to most vital element necessary inoculate the amount of seed or for rapid and luxurious growth. soil specified on label. Our free Many readers of The Garden book fully explains how and why Magazine used Farmogerm last it develops bumpercrops,and— season and they will use it again 3 ; for they got splendid results. Makes Poor Soil Good Soil. WRITE FOR BOOK No. 14 and learn why ‘We will send you their names $2.00 worth of Farmogerm enriches an acre on request. 4 more than $25.00 worth of nitrate of soda. START A THICK, HARDY LAWN. Or, send soc. for garden size or $2.00 for acre size, stating . o = what crop you want it for. _We have a mixed culture in By sowing some white clover seed moist- the garden size good for Peas, Beans and Sweet Peas. 1 O di y. - Fa yerm js guaranteed to keep in perfec ened in Farmogerm you can establish a Orch PO" F onth 2 thick, rich lawn that will resist drought. EARP-THOMAS FARMOGERM CO., FOR SALE BY LEADING SEED HOUSES Bloomfield, N. J. DE LAVAL CREAM SCORES HIGHEST AT GREAT DAIRY SHOW At the great National Dairy Show held recently in Chicago, cream skimmed } with DE LAVAL separators won all highest honors. The cream exhibits were made in two classes and the winners in each were as follows, all being users of DE LAVAL hand separators: MARKET CREAM Ist Prize, Gold Medal, G. C. Repp, Ohio c - : 2nd Prize, Silver Medal, W. R. Newberry, Ohio — - = Z é CERTIFIED CREAM Ist Prize, Gold Medal, Tully Farms, New York : - : : Score 9414 The contest was under the direction of the Dairy Division of the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, and Mr. Repp’s winning ex- hibit in the Market class was pronounced practically perfect and given the highest score ever awarded by the Dairy Division. For the past twenty years butter made from DE LAVAL cream has won all highest honors in every important contest. Sixteen of the largest 1908 State Fairs awarded their first prize to DE LAVAL butter and now comes this sweep- ing victory for DE LAVAL cream in the big Dairy Show contest, which only | goes further to prove that DE LAVAL machines are head and shoulders above every other skimming device in every feature of separator use. A DE LAVAL catalogue tells why DE LAVAL cream is always superior, Ask for it today, or, better still, let us demonstrate the merits of a DE LAVAL separator in your own dairy. THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. 173-177 WILLIAM STREET Score 9834 | Score 94 42 E. MADISON STREET General Offices: CHICAGO MONTREAL 1213 & 1215 Fitsert ST. 14 & 16 PRINCESS STREET PHILADELPHIA 165 BROADWAY WINNIPEG 107 First STREET PORTLAND, OREG. DRUMM & SACRAMENTO STS. SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK Pretty Bice Make Hapa People ana Bring More Money When they are for sale. It pays to make your grounds attractive, therefore, and it in- creases the happiness of your family. The profit and the pleasure alike come in larger volume if dependable trees and plants such as we grow are used to give the desired adorn- ment and beauty to your home surroundings. Harrison’s Nurseries offer a full line of Trees and Plants for the Home Grounds We have all the good ornamental plants, trees and shrubs, in addition to one of the most complete lines of fruits to be found in America. Our immense nurseries and fields afford a wide variety of soil, and we grow stock under the conditions that give it the greatest possible vigor and hardiness. California Privet of Superior Quality We’ve grown California Privet for many years, millions of plants,and the more we grow it the better we like it. The many thousand particularly choice plants we now offer are extra fine. All are dug with full fiber and give best results in transplanting. Send us your order now and let us book it for later delivery while our stock is complete. COMPARE THESE PRICES WITH OTHERS’ FIGURES California Privet, 4 to 5 feet, per doz., $r; per 100, $6.50; per 1000, #60. 3 to 4 feet, per doz., 75 cts.; per 100, $5 ; per 1000, $45. 2 to 3 feet, per doz., 60 cts.; per 100, $4; per 1000, 18 inches to 2 feet, per doz., 50 cts.; per 100, £3; per 1000, $25; 12 to 18 inches, per doz., 40 cts.; per 100, $2.50; per 1000, $20. Write for the Catalog— it tells the whole story. HARRISON’S NURSERIES, vept. 115, Berlin, Md. | 2 W35- slre you going lo rejurnish a room? Write lo the Readers’ Service for hints [f you own a lawn or garden write to-day for this 80-page plant book Every garden owner should have a copy of this large and complete plant book. Its value to the plant-lover cannot be estimated. For years our manual has been considered the finest to be had anywhere and the reason lies in the practical and plain way all the descriptions have been written. In addition to a, complete collection of all hardy plants this new manual will contain the following interesting specials: 56 THE GARDEN Collection of Potted Japanese Lilies Special lot of flowering Magnolias Our unique Hardy Garden Offers Japanese Maples of our own growing Only description of Meehans’ Mallow Marvels New Importation of Japanese Iris and hundreds of other topics just as inter- esting. This book is now being printed and will be ready for mailing early in February. Register at once for a copy. It will be mailed free to all Garden Magazine readers. THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, INC. Box 17, Germantown, Phila. We always burlap the roots of our Magnolias, thus eliminating a great deal of risk MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, Rich, Brilliant Perennial Flowers Distinct — New —Hardy and Easy to Grow These rich, gorgeous Mallow Marvels are truly wonderful, They should be in every garden, large or small. Huge blossoms up to 10 inches in diameter in all shades of crimson, red, pink and white! Imagine the brilliant display from late summer until fall, a period when bloom is very scarce. Each season the plants grow to bushes 6 to 8 feet high. Hundreds of flowers appear on one bush. As hardy in the extreme north as in the sunny south. Free from insect attacks and so easy to grow that anyone may be successful with them. We are the originators and sole owners af these wonderful plants. Send to-day for illustration of these Mallow Marvel flowers in color, photographed direct from nature. Mailed free to all Just Right for Odd Bonen The Gladiolus fits so nicely in the odd spots of garden or yard that it has been appropriately called the ‘‘cozy-corner’’ flower. Large areas devoted to Gladiolus make a dazzling dis- play, but even in limited spaces it affords rich and pleasing results—giving the needed touch of color without clashing if planted between other flowers. Against a background of foliage the Gladiolus is superb, affording a brilliant assortment of colors in which there is complete harmony. A BEAUTIFUL BOOK ON GLADIOLUS, FREE The many useful applications of Gladioli in home-ground planting are given in my new book, ‘‘A Summer with the Giadiolus,’ which fully describes all che leading kinds and tells just how to grow this glorious flower. The illustrations are magnificent—many of them in natural colors, from photographs by the new French Process. These fine pictures make the book a work of art, as well as of great practical value. Let me send you a copy of this Book. Your name and address will bring it. ARTHUR COWEE, Gladiolus Specialist Meadowvale Farm Berlin, New York ERECTED FOR MRS. PETER GABLE, FAIRMOUNT CEMETERY, NEWARK, N. J. ie ALL ages civilization has been marked by the degree of beauty and stability of memorials. The same spirit which in the past animated every race should find its strongest expression to-day,—should influence you to commemorate by shaft or mausoleum the memory of those who are gone. The beauties of sculpture and the grace of architecture in granite and marble are within the means of all. The beauty of designs and the quality of our workmanship and stone 1909 are unsurpassed. Write for examples of our work and for particulars. VAULTS, TOMBS, CROSSES, ALIAS SHON Ss belace ALSO: S-E ON EF (EU ReNe ie Uae POMONA 1d, Re IO) IR VIN Dy IP OC IP IS IR OIR WS B THE LELAND @COWEE AN Formerly LELAND & HALL COMPANY 557 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Granite Works: Br Hone S PIETRASANTA, ITALY BARRE, VERMONT “ (133d ST.. NEW YORK SEND FOR BOOKLET The Largest Mail-Order Seed Trade in the World! a 4 Ls i is of successful business we have introduced more Novelties in Vegetables and In Our 33 Years Flowers that have become Standard Varieties of Recognized vale in the markets of the world —than have any other three firms of American seedsmen ! we have decided to give planters generally (even those not accustomed to buy Hish- For 1909 Priced Novelties),— an opportunity to learn of the great advancement recently ee several new Vegetables and Flowers,—aft fess than half our regular Catalog prices for 1909! Any “Four of the Finest” Novelties for 1909,— _ Your Choice,— Mailed for Only 25 Cents! Separately the nine varieties described below are sold (excepting Hordhook Melon) each at 15 cts. per pkt.,— but you can select any four varieties for 25 cts. (a silver “‘quarter”’ or five five-cent stamps), while, if desired, we will mail all Nine Varieties for 50 cts., in cash | or postage stamps. Separately these nine packets, at prices ““ per pkt.,” amount to $1.30. 4 . Burpee’s “Dwarf -Giant” Tomato. “ S » is the most meaty of all Dwarf-Giant” Tomatoes! The flesh is so fiim and the tomatoes so heavy that they might be described “solid as a rock!” It is the most xearly seedless of all tomatoes. Of handsome, dwarf, erect growth, the bushes produce enormous crops of the most beautiful tomatoes which are truly gigantic 7m size and absolutely unequaled in delzczeus flavor. For full descrip- =~ ton and Colored Plate showing natural size fruzts, also “y particulars of $437.50 in Cash Prizes,— see Burpee’s » New Harm Annual. Pkt. 15 cts.; 2 pkts. for 25 cts. 4 ° This is altogether ) Fordhook Bush Lima. 2,717.2) “The only stiffly erect Bush form of the popular ‘“‘ Potato” Lima. Both pods and beans are twice the size of the Awmerle or Dreer’s Bush Lima, while the “fat” beans are of the 5 am same delicious flavor as Burpee’s Bush Lima. For Fordhook Musk Melon. _ illustrations, prize reports and full description,— see Heavily netted melons, nicely ribbed, with thick Burpees Farm Annual. Per pkt. 15 cts.; Y% pint | golden-red flesh of exquisite flavor. A better 25 cts.: pint 45 cts. shipper than our original Wetted Ges — The ; 2, eae a Rocky Herd Melon,—and as sweet as : ° as our famous E7zervald Gem! For paintin d Earliest Catawba Sweet Corn. we have | from nature, illustrations from eee s z graphs, full description and trial reports found a rival to our famous Golden Bantam,— both in | 2 .,, "Burpee's Farm Annual for ” extreme earliness and surpassingly delicious flavor. | z909. Per pkt. 10 cts.; oz. 30 Several who have tested it at FoRDHOOK Farms and cerns Ib. 85 cts.; per Ib. in its home on Seneca Lake, N.Y., say it is even better ee than Bantam! For full description and special offer of $310 in Cash Prizes,—see Burpee’s Farm Annual Burpee-Improved , for 1909. Per pkt. 15 cts.; 2 pkts. for 25 cts. | Bush Lima. /# Burpee’s Earliest “Wayahead” | fi Mis .geiu YS Success of the Burpee Business in “Quality-Seeds” i { i Lettuce So named because it is the eavlzest and surest-heading of all early ues cas cartes ‘igen any Ae De ‘i ” - - nave ee other Large Lima, the pods are ¢rzly Butterhead”’ Lettuces. For illustration and description,— see CHGS Ts ize audi bermetnostbacdantly Burpee's Farm Annual for rg09. Per pkt. 15 cts.; per oz. 50 cts. on vigorous upright bushes. Per pkt. (two ounces) 15 cts.; 4 pint 35 cts.; New Sweet Peas for 1909, Superb “Spencer” Seedlings. | pint 60 cts., Many colors of the gigantic waved and frilled “Spencers ”—in unequaled mix- eign ture. These new seedlings of the true “orchid-flowered” crinkled type will give a rare treat to lovers of Sweet Peas. Per pkt. 15 cts.; per oz. $1.25. Burpee’s Blend of the Best New Giant-Flowered Pansies As now improved, this is decidedly the most complete mixture * of Truly Giant-flowered Pansies ever offered. Per pkt. 15 cts. _“Variegated-Queen” Nasturtiums. [7 -uPoo? apture growth, bearing flowers of many bright colors. The leaves are so beauti- fully variegated with yellow, white and green that the plants would be worthy of culture even for foliage alone! Pkt. 15 cts.; per oz. 50c. 50 cts Buys all the above Nine Packets, or you can select * one packet each of any Four for 25 cts., postpaid. Whether ready now to order or not, you should write TO-DAY for Burpee’s Farm Annual The Leading American Seed Catalog AN ELEGANT Book oF 174 PAGEs,—it tells ¢he plain truth about the Best Seeds that can be grown,—as proved at our famous FORDHOOK F'aRMs,—the most complete Trial Grounds in America. It is A Sarge GuipE and should be consulted by every one who plants seeds, whether for pleasure or profit. Shall we mail YOU a copy? If so, kindly write your address plainly, name Zhe Garden Magazine-Farming, and mail postal,—To=day ! BURPEE’S “DWARF-GIANT”’ TOMATO,—A ctual Size. Weight, \7 ozs. W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Burpee Building, Philadelphia, Pa. e FLOWER_ |] GIRL’S MESSAGE HIS year it’s in the form of a beautiful book, with big, broad pages, each containing a picture from a photo- graph of a Rose garden. The covers show two ideal gardens, in natural colors, and the whole book is a magnificent work of art. It is even more desirable from a practical stand- point, giving dependable and complete information on Rose growing and home flower gardening. The book proves that at very small expense Roses may be had in bloom all summer in every yard or garden. We call this book the ‘‘ Garden of Delight,’’ and if you write for it to-day You May Have a Copy Free Years ago we started to grow Roses in our home gardens, but we didn’t start right and our-first efforts were not success- ful. We kept on, and by-and-by we found the way to succeed. From that point our little Rose gardens have grown into a large and important business, and we have enormous greenhouses and broad fields devoted to commercial Rose growing. Our plants are carried through the uncertain period of their lives and only sent out when they are ready to begin vigorous growth. Then they never lose a day but come into bloom be- fore it seems possible they should. Heller’s Roses Are Growin&” Everywhere Thousands and thousands of persons have found that our sturdy, home-grown plants enable them to have Rose gardens, which afford great pleasure at but a slight expense. The ‘‘Gar- den of Delight’’ contains many pictures showing fine results in strong bushes and profusion of bloom obtained from Heller’s Roses in a very short time after planting. It also describes fully the best Roses, gives accurate cultural directions, and contains interesting facts about Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Clematis, etc. YOU NEED THIS BOOK. WRITE TO-DAY FOR A COPY. THE EDITION IS LIMITED HELLER BROTHERS. 982 S. Main Street NEW CASTLE, IND. 7) MiclicnT THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK MARCH - Taking Care of the Fruit Trees 15c 1909 Repairing the Winter’s Damage Flowers of the Poppy Family Vol. 1X. No. 2 What to Do with Coldframes The Use of Flowering Shrubs $1.00 a Year THE GARDEN MAGAZINE om - a. S se ze te ° ms { * ne Se a q ot LN dL) Sa a ~ a Sear a @ an IN AMERICA WORK COUNTRY LIFE Si DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. ® THE WORLD'S 133-137 EAST 16th STREET, NEW YORK who warmly recommend them. “These are Boddington’e Gigantic Sweet Peas!” We will send you a dozen half-ounce vackets of sweet peas, separately packed, Postpaid, for 25 Cents with Rebate Check for This Amount The Sweet Peas in this collection are the finest named kinds, and range from purest white to shades of pink, lavender, blue, yellow and crimson. With each order on this offer we senda Rebate Check for a Quarter to apply on orders for one dollar’s worth or more of Seeds or Bulbs from Boddington’s Garden Guide, which is mailed free upon request. . Arthur T. Boddington & Se NPA Seedsman G Dept. G, 342 W. 14th St. New York City Boddington’s Quality Seed-“Good from the Ground Uist Our Quality Seeds have quickly made a reputation for themselves, and wherever they have been sown we have pleased customers We want you to know how good our Quality Seeds really are. They are sure to please and make you one of our permanent patrons if you once try them. “ Boddington’s Bountiful is the Onion for Me.” Two-pound onions from Boddington’s Quality Seeds. For onions like these sow indoors not later than March. 5 Packets of Vegetable Seeds for 25 Cents with Rebate Check for This Amount One packet each of Boddington's Bountiful Onion, Early Model Red Globe Beet, Model Snowball Turnip, Early of Earlies Cabbage, and May King Lettuce. With each order a Rebate Check for a Quarter.to apply on orders for one dollar’s worth of more of Seeds or Bulbs from Boddington’s Garden Guide, which is mailed free upon request. . Arthur T. Boddington, Seedsman W "yy Dept. G, 342 W. 14th St. WM: New York City Makes Poor Soil Good Soil Start Your Lawn With It On White Clover Seed Get Earlier Peas, Beans and Sweet Peas of Finer Quality Large crops of any kind, as you know, are the result of plenty of nitrates in the soil, and certain crops, such as peas, beans, sweet peas, and all legumes, thrive best only when nitrogen-gathering bacteria furnish the nitrates. A crop inoculated with nitrogen-gathering bacteria matures early, produces more heavily and the product is of finer quality. In addition to these advantages, an inoculated legume crop leaves the soil richer, for it stores nitrates in the soil which are available to several future crops. All this you will accomplish at trifling expense, with practically no effort and without loss of time, if you FERTILIZE WITH FARMOGERM High-Bred Nitrogen-Gathering Bacteria Because Farmogerm contains the right bacteria for each crop in the right condition. We guarantee it to be a pure culture of care- fully selected, high-bred, active bacteria, and to contain sufficient quantity to thoroughly inoculate the amount of seed or soil specified. Farmogerm comes to you in a specially sealed bottle — All Ready For Use. There is no “developing” or delicate work for you to do. Just mix with water and moisten seed or spray over ground or young plants. No extra work, no waste of time, practically no expense when compared to other methods of nitrate fertilizing. The bacteria enter the roots, Increase rapidly by the millions, and draw nitrogen from the unlimited supply in the air. ‘They feed the growing crop all the nitrates it can use, and still more nitrates are stored up in the soil for future crops. Send 50c For Garden Size—$2.00 for One Acre Don’t confuse Farmogerm with any other nitrogen cultures. Farmogerm has proved itself right. Send for reports. Readers of this magazine use it and recommend it. For sale by leading seed houses. Write For Free Book No. 14, giving full details, letters from users and experts. When sending order, mention what crop you want it for. Address, Earp-Thomas Farmogerm Company, Bloomfield, N. J. Genuine Danish Grown Cabbage is worth $40 to $50 a ton in carlots. An average crop gives twenty to twenty-five tons, to the acre. The secret of success in growing cabbage for big profits is to plant a variety which not only grows well, but will keep firm and solid through the winter. 1 Our Holland Cabbage is the most remarkable @ late variety yet produced., The heads are hard and solid, fine grained and very tender. They weigh from six to eight pounds each—the best size for market —and in quality kaveno superior. They keep better than any other sort, heads being as solid and perfect when taken upin the spring as when put away in the fall. In the spring no cabbage will sell beside them, even at one-half the price. J.arge pkt., 10 cents; oz. 25 cents; 4% Ib. 75 cts. Lb. $2.50 post paid. SPECIAL (0° those who punchase a pkt., an ounce, a pound or more of our gen- ORFER. uine Danish Grown Holland Cab- bage, we will include without extra charge, if asked for, our new booklet on “CABBAGE GROWING,” which gives complete instructions for preparing the soil, cultivating, harvesting and *] storing of Cabbage. A valuable booklet for every gardener. We will also mail our large, handsome 25th Anniversary Catalogue Pronounced the most informing and complete as *| well as the handsomest seed catalogue ever pub- i) lished in America. In it is graphically told our story of 25 years in the Northwest. Every one of the 152 pages is filled with information valuable to the seed planter. No farm or garden isso large or so. small that this book will not assist to greater 4! profits. It tells of the best varieties of seeds for all purposes. It isexpensive and we cannotafford to distribute i] them indiscriminately, but to anyone who desires E| to purchase first-class, high-grade seeds, we shall be glad to send it without charge. A letter ora postal card, giving your name and address will i| bring it. : NorTHRvpP, Kine & Co. SEEDSMEN i|66 Bridge Square, Minneapolis, Minn. i. 61 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1909 PRUDENT HAS THE — STRENGTH OF. GIBRALTAR Ser satinseper Bien eee PROTECTS e NATION > {PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE Copyright, 1909, by The Prudential Insurance Company of America. A copy of this inspiring picture in colors will be sent free if you will write, requesting it, to Dept. 15, The Prudential Insurance Company of America. John F. Dryden, President. | Home Office, Newark, N. J. Incorporated as a Stock Company by the State of New Jersey. eee 9 The latest books on travel and biography 62 may be obtained through the Readers’ Service THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1909 SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORN EGGS FOR HATCHING R DAY OLD CHICKS. Gan furnish both or either by the Dozen, Hundred or Thousand. Eggs for hatching from 5100 White Leghorns, the equal of which cannot be found on any other farm. 1440 eggs tested Jan. 5 show go per cent. fertility. Place your orders early for day old chicks. Write for prices and catalog. THE RANCOCAS POULTRY FARM, J. M. FOSTER, Manager, Browns Mills in the Pines, N. J. EGGS—EGGS As an inducement to secure new customers I will sell eggs this spring at the following low prices: Per Setting Per Setting Buff P. Rocks . . 13 $1.00 ROU INGES 5 5 5 us See Barred P. Rocks - 13 1.00 Columbian W’d’s_. 15 2.00 White P. Rocks 13 1.00 R. C. Bl. Minorcas 15 2.00 S. Wyandottes 5 WE) eee) S.C. B. Orpingtons 15 2.00 W. Wyandottes MAELO. S. C. B’k Orpingtons 15 2.00 Buff Leghorns . . 13 1.00 R. C. B. Orpingtons 15 2.00 S.C. W. and B. L’g’ns 13 1.00 S.C. W. Orpingtons 15 2.00 R. C. B. Leghorns. 13 1.00 R. C. W. Orpingtons 13 2.00 Black Minorcas. . 13 1.00 R. C. B’k Orpingtons 13 2.00 S. C. Buff Orpington Eggs, $3 for 30; $8 for 100; R. C. Buff, Black, White and S. C. White Orpington Eggs, $3 for 26; $10 for roo. All other eggs, $6 perzoo. Forty years among poultry and now have the largest and best equipped Poultry establishments in America. CIRCULAR FREE LEWIS C. BEATTY, pBox174 Washington, N.J. RHODE ISLAND REDS Practical facts on housing, feeding and attene tion when sick. Where the Reds came from, why they are the best business hens, etc. REAL COLOR PICTURES Fine pictures. Two by the wonderful new French color photography —a typical bird of each sex absolutely true to life. Send ro two-cent stamps for book, with rebate cou- pon good for 20 cents on your first order of me for twosettinys ofeggs. Order today. Walter Sherman, Meadowslope, Newport, R. I, “Profitable Poultry.” Best Latest book illustrated Poultry book, describes largest, most successful poultry Farmin U.S.45 VARIE- TIES, pure-bred Poultry. Beautiful, hardy and money makers. Thousands to choose from. Lowest prices on fowls, eggs, in- cubators, etc. Sent for 4 cts. Berry’s Poultry Farm Box 79, Clarinda, Ia. 709 BOOK FREE SQUAB pie todas Write for our handsome 1909 esa Free Book, telling how to make iavou money breeding squabs. We were first, the originators. Cloth-bound book now 303 pages. 114 illus. res ae It’s Great. Plymouth Rock Squab Co., 151 Howard St., Melrose, Mass. eggs to squabs in #4 C24 World’s Record 1 for hatching, and 648 first prizes won by the Reliable Incubator Perfect ventilating, double heating sys- tem, inside heater, and automatic regu- Z lator—a great fuel saver. Send today for FREE Poultry Book—valuable information on poultry raising and incubators. Reliable Incubator & Brooder Co., Box D7, Quincy, III. Build Your Own IncubatorsnBrooders Save money. Thousands are doing it every F———> year. I teach you how and supply all the parts you cannot make, at low prices. My new Lampless Brooder will cost you $4.00. Greate est Brooder invention of the age. Repairs and supplies for all kinds of Incubators or Brood- ers. My new book of plans and catalogue has over 100 illustrations, showing step by step every stage of construction—so simple a 12 year old boy can follow them. Send 25c coinor U.S. stamps tocover cost. Your money back if you are not satisfied. I allow the price of the book on your firstorder. Sendforthebooktoday. Itmeans Dollars to you, H. M. SHEER, 176 Hampshire Street, QUINGY, ILL. Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THe GarvEN MacazineE, 133 East 16th Street, New York. Address WON'T YOUR HENS SET Don’t worry about the chicks. Get the Model Incubator manufactured by Chas. A. Cyphers—z will hatch them. And after the chicks arrive /eed them right—it’s just as essential J as preventing their getting chilled. Chick Manna induces quick, healthy growth. Follow with Vigor Chick Food. You'll have a big, profitable flock if you do. The Model Incubators, Brooders, Portable Colony Houses, Foods, Medicines, —these and many other things of interest to you are described in my free Illustrated Poultry Supply Book. Write for a copy. Also ask for a free copy of my new Seed Catalogue. STOKES’ SEED STORE Dept. W, 219 Market St., PHILADELPHIA Feed Your Hens GREEN BONE cut with a Stearns Bone Cutter We guarantee healthier hens and more and better eggs. 30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL Send for printed matter E. C. Stearns & Co., Box 2, Syracuse, N. Y. Your Own Fertilizer AT SMALL COST WITH , WILSON’S PHOSPHATE MILLS From 1 to 4oH. P. Also Bone Cutters, hand and power for the poultrymen; grit and shell mills, farm feed mills, family grist mills, scrap cake mills. Send for our catalog. WILSON BROS., Sole Mfrs., Easton, Pa. Large Berkshire Swine Both imported and American breed- ing along the most approved lines. Bred sows, service boars and young stock of all ages. We have never bred a cross animal nor had a sow molest her pigs. All animals regis- tered free of charge. Write for booklet H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING DUNDEE, N. ¥. Make Jersey Reds are Lively Growers and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. Jersey Reds are the most satisfactory, all-round breed. Those who have tried them say so. Fatten easily and quickly, are small-boned, long-bodied, vigorous and prolific; quality of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed. Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box T, Moorestown, N. J, tones of silver chimes, the rich love-song of the nightingale, the cadence of the water-roll; to trill up and down the scale more perfectly than any human singer; and tosing at night as well as day. Once you have one of these wonderful musical pets, brightening your home and lightening your heart with its brilliant harmonies, you would not part with the little singer for many times its cost. Golden Opera Singers are patented and registered by the U.S. Goy. Every bird guaranteed and sold on two weeks’ trial. $5 Shipped anywhere in U. S., Canada, or Mexico on receipt of Wrire for book, Golden Opera Singers, illustrating and explaining our education of canaries andits results. Of interest to every lover of birds. A splendid Easter gift for mother, wife or sister OUGLEY & MULLEN, 1289 Market St... PHILADELPHIA TIME LARGEST PET SHOP IN THE WORLD Seldom See a big knee like this but your horse may have a bunch or bruise on his Ankle, Hock, Stifle Knee or Throat. will clean them off without laying the horse up. No blister, no hair gone. Removes Bursal En- largements, Thickened Tissues, Swollen Glands, Shoe Boils, Capped Hock, Puffs or Swellings—any Strain or Lameness, Allays Pain, Restores the Circulation; reduces Rheumatic Deposits, Enlarged Veins, Painful Swellings and Afflictions. Healing, Pleasant and Safe to use. $200 per bottle, delivered. Book 8-D free. W. F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 152 MonmouthSt., Springfield, Mass. Does perfect work. Fully guaranteed. Write for iJlustrated catalogue of Diggers, Pickers and Sorters. THE HOOVER MFG. C0., Box No. 86, Avery, Ohio Transfer Points—Buffalo, N. Y.; Detroit, Mich.; Milwaukee, Wis.; St, Paul, Minn.; Marshalltown, Iowa; Idaho Falls, Idaho; Portland, Oregon; Spokane, Wash.; Winnipeg, Man.; Hamilton, Ont. 30 ENGINE ‘ONLY 214 to 8 H. P. Proportionate Prices. _ For use on the farm and in the shop. , Runs cream separators, churns, pumps, grist mills, corn shellers* washing machines, lathes, printing presses, etc. Burns kero sene, (coal oil) alcohol, gasoline, naphth, distillate, without change of equipment, starts without cranking, throttling goy- ernor, drop forged crank shaft, best grade babbitt bearings, free catalog tells how to save half cost of hired help, Testi- & monials 10,000 in use. All sizes in stock ready to ship, DETROIT ENGINE WORKS 229 Bellevue Avenue, Detroit, Michigan beni Have You Secured Your Free Copy? IF NOT, write or call at once for one; it containsa list of farms throughout 14 states : whose owners or heirs are obliged to sac- rifice; stock and tools included to make quick sale; ES the secret of these low prices is due to unfortunate circumstances and their misfortune is your opportunity, E. A. STROUT COMPANY, World’s Largest Farm Agency _ Boston New York Philadelphia Old South Bldg. 150 Nassau St. Land Title Bldg. Scottsville, Va.; Kent’s Hill, Me; Syracuse, N. Y. BARTON LAWN TRIMMER Saves all the tedious trimming with sickle and shears. ‘The best trim- mer known. Send for booklet. E. BARTON Ivyland, Pa. OSTRICH FEATHERS DIRECT FROM THE FARM PRODUCER'S PRICES WRITE POSTAL FOR FREE CATALOGUE AWSTON OSTRICH FARM P. 0. Box 128 South Pasadena, California Millions of Trees PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC. The oldest, largest and most complete nursery in Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable I. BE. ILGENFRITZ’ SONS CO. THE MONROE NURSERY, Monrog, Micu'Gan AMATITE ROOFING Mineral surfaced. Needs no painting. Send for free sample. BARRETT MANUFACTURING CO., New York, Chicago. Humphrey Keeps You in Hot Water The cheapest in the world, if you burn gas. Write us for our New Free Book- let of Instantaneous Water Heaters and our 30-Day Approval Plan. HUMPHREY CoO., Dept. 383 Kalamazoo, Mich. Marcu, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE The Readers’ Service will give you information about motor boats Wouldn’t It Be Folly to Say 1909 peer CREAM SEPARATORS EXCEL ALL OTHERS If We Couldn’t Prove It? Separator buyers are becoming more and more 5 critical. Mere say so has less influence now than ever before. Buyers demand to be shown proof. e This makes us happy, for the more critical Sepa- rator buyers are, the more certain they are to be- come United States Separator Enthusiasts. | Simply ask to be shown and the 1909 United States Separator will do the rest. Greater capacity for size of bowl. More thorough sepa- {ration than any other. In endurance testshas beaten everything on the market and holds the World’s Record. Ask for our Catalogue No. 71 and it will be mailed you. Selling Agents in nearly every dairy town in the Coun- try, if none in your town, write us and we will be pleased to quote prices. Separators shipped from our distributing Warehouses in eyely dairy section of the United States and Canada. YermontFarm Machine Co, BELLOWS FALLS, VERMONT. $5 ARTISTIC GARDENS $5 J Rose, Lily and Iris, Japanese and Old Fashioned Gardens. : Full water color plans for small estates. For particulars, address M. H. CLARK, Hanover, N. H- IMPORTANT WORKS OF Rudyard ipling INCLUDING KIM, THE DAY’S WORK, ” THE FIVE NATIONS, PLAIN TALES, SOLDIER STORIES, Erc., Etc. are published by CounTRY LIFE THE WoRLD's WoRK THe GARDEN IN AMERICA MAGAZINE DOUBLEDAY. PAGE &Co. NEw York. oe ? An Absolutely New Idea A rat-killer—very effective, ready to use, not in- flammable, and the only one safe to handle, because if accidentally taken, small quantities are harm- lessto human beings. Made in form of squash seeds, the rats’ favorite food. The rats do not die in the house, but rush for the open air and water. Will not poison dogs, cats or hens. 20cents at your drug- gists’, or sent prepaid for 25 cents in stamps or coin. FULTON CHEMICAL CO. 100 William Street, New York City Poultry Sec > Disclosed WE offer to all poultry raisers the essential knowledge and secret methods of many of the most successful poultrymen in America. Asa rule these secrets have been guarded with extreme care, for it is on them that the great successes have been built. They have cost years of labor and thousands of dollars. “They will cost YOU only a trifle and a few minutes to write us. How We Obtained These Secrets Michael K. Boyer, our poultry editor, has had exceptional opportunities and the closest friendship with poultrymen all over the country. ‘They have freely told him many of their most jealously treasured secrets, many others we have bought, and this scattered material, together with several of Mr. Boyer’s own valued methods, has now been collected in book form, It must be clearly understood that every secret printed has been obtained in an honorable way. Dr. Woods’ Egg Food Secret Dr. P. T. Woods authorizes the publication of his system for producing large quantities of sterile eggs for market. Every. poultryman who raises eggs for market must know Dr. Woods’ method to be up with the times and every householder who supplies only his or her own table will appreciate an increased quantity of the highest quality eggs for table use. Secret of Fertile Eggs Boyer’s secret of securing fertile eggs by alternating males we believe is worth $100 to any big producer of eggs for hatching, either for his own incubators or selling to others for fancy stock. It is something new, and the diagrammatic illustration furnished by Mr. Boyer makes the matter so plain that the novice can easily understand it. This system is already practised or about to be introduced in many of the largest poultry plants in the country. I. K. Felch’s Mating Secret Many years ago Mr. Felch, one of the best known figures in the poultry world, published his breeding chart, but later, realizing its great importance and value to him, he withdrew it, and kept the information for himself. He has now given Mr. Boyer permission to use this system, and it is included in this book. Secret of Feed at 15c a Bushel An enterprising poultryman has been advertising this secret for $5.00 and pledging those who buy it not to disclose it to anyone else; it has, however, long been known to a few poultrymen, Mr. Boyer among them, and the method is fully explained in “Poultry Secrets. Is this cock properly held 2 “Poultry Secrets’ tells you hicw to carry fowls, and scores of secrets far more impor- tant and hitherto unrevealed. Hére are a Few More of the Secrets Secret of the Philo System. Woods’ secret of laying food. Proctor’s salt secret. Mendel’s chart of heredity. Truslow’s secret of high prices for ducks. Hunter's secret of success. Gowell’s fattening secret. Burnham's system of mating fowls. Brackenbury’s secret of scald- ed oats. io Secret recipes of chick feed; practically the same food as is now sold on the market at a high rate. ir Secret of 200 eggs per hen per year. 1z Woods’ secret of saving weak incubator chicks. 13 Secret of telling ageof poultry. 14 Secret of preserving eggs— the only safe way. 15 Secret of celery fed broilers. 16 Secret of fattening turkeys. OIA nMEWNH ie} 17 Incubator secrets. 18 Broody hen secrets. An exposure of the methods employed by some fanciers to kill the fertility of hatch- ing eggs. There are scores of others So-Called ‘‘Systems’’ Explained = and secret recipes have been and are still sold at high prices. Some are worth the money paid “ A number of “‘systems” Some are good, but not new; some are new but of little value. for them. Poultry Secrets gives the facts. Selecting the Laying Hens We will pay $10.00 Since the production of eggs is the very basis of the poultry industry, the ability to tell the for any secret not in laying hens in the flock quickly, without the aid of trap nests will put dollarsin your pocket. Do not the PooK Provided itis prac- keep on feeding the robber hens. tical and valuable. Of course we cannot goto the length of saying that all the information inthe bookisnewto /fit is something both good and new everyone. Itis said there is nothing new under the sun, and the Egyptians were hatching eggs 4 check for Ten Dollars will be sent by artificial heat centuries ago; but we do say that to the great majority of poultrymen these secrets 2tonce. In submitting secrets ad- are unknown. dress all communications to Poultry Department of Farm Journal FARM JOURNAL for thirty years has conducted a poultry department known the country over for the ability of its editors and the value of its contents. Besides this strong section, which of itself makes the paper valuable to every chicken owner, itsother departments are ably conducted and widely quoted. Itis the standard farm and home paper of the country with already more than three million readers. It is clean, bright, intensely practical: boiled- down: cream, not skim-milk. Its editors and contributors know what they are talking about, and quit when they have said it. It is for the gardener, fruit man, stockman, trucker, farmer, villager, suburbanite, the women folks, the boysand girls. It is illustrated and well printed on good paper. It has not a medical or trashy advertisement in it. Its more than half million subscribers pay five and ten years ahead—a yery remarkable fact. We will send you a copy of s Poultry Secrets 0 sod Tabaan Journal 5 years, both for only $1.00 or Farm Journal 2 years and Poultry Secrets, 50c. Send check, dollar note, stamps, coin or money order; the latter preferred. 1011 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa, Is this cock properly held? Poultry Secrets tells. FARM JOURNAL, MONTREAL M. MELON WANTED The largest and best flavored Musk 2 : Melon in existence. Grows to weigh as Experienced Plantsmen and Superintendents to much as 20 pounds, and fetches $200 to a a! = $5 ooeach. GENUINE SEED per package carry out planting and construction work for Land- postpaid soc, with cultural directions 3 Do not confuse this variety with the Ameri- can Variety. DUPUY & FERGUSON MONTREAL, CANADA scape Architects, Address, PITKIN & WEINRICHTER, Landscape Architects Cutler Building, ROCHESTER, N. Y. I} you are planning to build the Readers’ 62-5 : Service can often give helpjul suggestions ‘D H E G A R D E N M A G A Mh, Il N EK Dingee Roses are pedigreed! Sixty years’ careful selection is behind them. Strong and healthy own-root plants only bear the Dingee name—the sterling mark in Roses for three generations. The high-bred quality that has made them famous the world over has reached its highest perfection in Dingee Roses for 1909. You Need Only Give Them a Place to Bloom So Well-grown are Dingee Own-root Roses They will furnish you a profusion of bloom, and reward you richly for the little care required. Such sturdy, hardy Roses cannot be had elsewhere—the Dingee pedigree and Dingee methods are essential to their production. To properly describe the culminating triumphs of our long experi- ence in Rose growing, we have published at an expense of over #10,000— “Sixty Years Among the Roses” The Dingee Guide to Rose Culture Tells what we have learned about Roses in three-score years, the best kinds for your locality ; how to make Roses and other desirable flowers grow and bloom. More than 600 own-root Roses fully described. 116 large pages, illustrated from photographs—four full-page pictures in natural colors. This invaluable book only 10 cents—with coupon good for 20 cents on your first order. Sixteen Dingee High-bred Roses Only $1 Your Money Back if You’re Not Satisfied Strong thrifty plants, no two alike. Crimson Baby Rambler, blooms every day in the year; Freiherr Von Marschall, fine crimson ever-bloomer; Keystone, our new Rose, the first and only hardy ever-blooming yellow climber, and thirteen others equally good. Prepaid to any point in the United States; safe arrival guaranteed ; your money back if you are not satisfied. Why doubt; why plant inferior Roses when you get Dingee plants on these terms? ORDERS BOOKED NOW FOR DELIVERY WHEN WANTED THE DINGEE & CONARD COMPANY, Box 13, West Grove, Pa. The Leading Rose Growers of America Send for Our Great Special Seasonable Offers—FREE 16 HARDY SUPERB EVERBLOOMING ROSES FORSI-_# im 21 GIVES YOU ‘g« A GARDEN ©. ‘LIKE THIS ? By “Uncle Remus” of Imperishable Memory The Bishop and the Boogerman By JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS One of the last stories from the inimitable pen of “Uncle Remus,” with all the whimsicality and the quaint, delightful humor of the Uncle Remus books. The new story will appeal irresistibly to “young folks of all ages.” Ready at the Bookstores. Fixed Price $1.00 (postage 12 cents) DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th Street, NEW YORK Separator Oil is Not Gummy Don’t spoil the bearings of a chand separator with gummy oil. It cuts the bearings, spoils the balance of the machine and makes it a poor skimmer. ‘STANDARD Hand Separator Oil is the best oil for separator running. There isn’t.a gummy particle init. It has just the right “body” to feed freely; it lubri- cates perfectly and it wears a | long time. Ask your dealer Standard m2 = = Yaa WILL REDUCE FRICTION .. + AND SAVE POWER... - SANE STANDARD CA won Wel UAlbor HAND = = SEPARATORS Oil Company om STANDARD OIL CO. (Incorporated) Standard ro Discriminating Thousands are following the work of MISS UNA L. SILBERRAD with increasing interest and admiration. This author depicts the normal life of normal but in- teresting people with assurance and illumination. The growing circle of Miss Silberrad’s readers has notably increased since the publication of “The Good Comrade” and “Desire.” The previous books are “Curayl” “The Wedding of the Lady of Lovell ”’ “Petronilla Heroven ” “The Success of Mark Wyngate” “Princess Puck” “The Lady of Dreams” For Sale at all Bookstores Per Volume, $1.50 COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK @ THE GARDEN IN AMERICA MAGAZINE DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK. Marcu, 1909 9 _Travers Island Club House of the . NEw YORK ATHLETIC CLUB is an example of the Taste, Beauty and Character which may be given to Architectural Effect along with Economy, Strength and Durability of Construc- Marcu, 1909 THE GARDEN i | ' tion by the use of New Hardy garden Hydrangeas, Grandiflora Alba. This is without doubt the most im- portant strictly hardy shrub which has appeared in years and can be depended upon to give magnificent results in any situation where ordinary shrubs thrive. The above illustration directly from photo taken at our nursery July 4th last from a three year old plant. Flower heads are of large size of the purest glistening white, maturing after some wecks to a green tint, making the shrub exceedingly attractive for the entire season. Plant it as a single specimen in groups or as a foregrcund for larger shrubs or trees. Price, Strong two year plant, $1.50 each, $13.50 per ten; strong one vear, $1.00 each, $9.00 per ten; medium one year, 50 cents each. $4.50 per ten, $30.00 per hundred. MAGAZINE EDISON PORTLAND CEMENT THE ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY, New Haven, Conn. If you wish to purchase live s'ock write tot e Readers’ Service 63 Beauty, Economy, Strength and Durability are insured in concrete con- struction by the cement that is UNIFORM in COLOR FINENESS and COMPOSITION These essentials to the success of concrete construction are positively assured in EDISON PORTLAND CEMENT Our own quarries furnish ce- ment rock of never varying color. This material is scientifically mixed and burned. The result- ing “‘clinker’’ is then specially ground. UNIFORMLY 10% FINEST in the WORLD Send for Book of Examples of “Edison Portland’’ concrete con- struction and booklet “Making and Placing Concrete by Hand,” with name of dealer in your vicinity. EDISON PORTLAND CEMENT CO. Room 931, St. James Bldg., N.Y.City Experienced Buyers WILL CERTAINLY BE PLEASED WITH THE HIGH QUALITY OF OUR STOCK Extensive assortment Ornamental and Shade Trees, Evergreens, Shrubs, Vines, Herbaceous Plants, etc., etc. Attractive New Catalog Ready. Mailed to You the Day You Inquire for It Prices as Low as Consis- tent With High Quality In addition to our immense stock of the usual sizes we have some beautifully developed specimens for immediate effects which have been so many times root pruned that they take up witha splendid root system and can be depended upon to give suc- cessful results. Ask for this list. Parties wishing to visit our nursery can reach us in a few minutes from the railroad station by taking the Edgewood electric car. bah 3 The Readers’ Service will give you information about automobiles $1,000 For Thinking Publishers, like other people (we speak for ourselves), get into ruts, and that is bad for progress. Our books and magazines go to perhaps a half million of the brightest people in the United States, and you, dear sir or madam, who are doing us the favor of reading this announcement, are of the elect. Will you give us some suggestions and plans based on experience ? We have four selling problems (besides a few we won’t bother you about). They are: I To make known and to interest people in all our Book Publications. II To make known and to interest new people in The World’s Work. To make known and to interest new people in Country Life in America. To make known and to interest new people in The Garden Magazine. When we think of the number of persons who might be concerned if they could only be brought to know of them, we are appalled at the extent of the work we have not yet done. Ill IV Question: How to extend the sale and influence of items I i Ie TV. worked-out plans to accomplish these things. To be valuable, the suggestions must be practical, and should not require an expense of $2.00 to get back $1.00. For this service we offer: Four prizes under each of the four heads, We want some well- as follows: $100 for the best suggestion $25 for the second-best suggestion $15 for the third-best suggestion $10 for the fourth-best suggestion No limit to the number of suggestions, and one person may win a prize in one or more divisions. part in the working out of the plan, so much the better. If you can take any active Rules are Simple 1st. Each pian must be written on a sepa- headed under the proper subject, 1. e.: I. Book Plans II. The World’s Work III. Country Life in America IV. Garden Magazine—Farming All plans must be in our hands by March 8th, and conciseness of state- ments will count. The publishers will be the judges. If no good suggestions, no prizes. If more than 16 good ideas are received, we will pay for them. rate sheet, and —_SUNLIGHD~ DOUBLE- GLASS Sunlight Double-Glass Sash Company 929 East Broadway LOUISVILLE, KY 4th. Suggestions which may not be used returned only if stamps. are enclosed; the payment of a prize gives us full right to use the plan without further payment. Awards will be published in the May issues. 5th. If you. want any more particulars, write and ask for them. Book catalogues on request. Address: The 1909 Selling Campaign, Doubleday, Page & Company, 133 East 16th Street, New York The double layer of glass does it Lets in the light always. Never has to be covered or uncovered ; no boards or mats needed. Retains the heat, excludes the cold. Makes stronger and earlier plants. Glass slips in; no putty; cannot work loose; easily repaired. Ask for Catalog G. It tells all about Sunlight sash. Special catalog for greenhouse material. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1909 Keep Garden Records with Underwood’s Garden Diary and Country Home Guide T tells what to do and how to do it and enables you to keep the cost and records of your garden. Ideal Book for the suburban dweller, the big or small farmer or the woman who loves flowers and has no other place but her window sill to raise them. Sent prepaid upon receipt of $3.25 and 25 cents for mailing. Send at once for circular. WALTON SUPPLY CO., 15 Exchange St. Boston, Mass. You've often seen the Gladiolus in the win- m dows of flower shops, on hotel dining tables and in restaurants, and have noticed their beauty and lasting qualities in church and hall decorations. You've admired the rare colors of these glorious flowers—no doubt have often wished that you might grow them in your yard. Very easy to grow—there's every reason why you should have The Gladiolus in Your Garden Begin this season to grow the Gladiolus and you'll never again be without it among your flowers. Cushman’s Catalogue tells aout Gladiolus, how and when fo plant, best kinds for least money. Dahlias, Shasta Daisies, Peonies and Philippine Lilies also. Send for this book. it’s sree. CUSHMAN GLADIOLUS COMPANY ) Box 6, Sylvania,Ohio ighlands Nursery 4000 ft. elevation in the CAROLINA MOUNTAINS The Home of Native Hardy Rhododendrons and the best American Plants. High grade Landscape Designs HARLAN P. KELSEY, Owner Catalogs. Salem, Mass. From Grandfather Mt.; Sterm 3000 ft. below. Which Spray Pump shall you buy? Buy the most scientific- ally constructed pump. Buy the Spray Pump that fully meets the demands of the Government Agricultural Sci- entists and all Practical Fruit Growers. These pumps are widely known as DEMING SPRAYERS and are made in 23 different styles of high class, high pressure | machines for use in small gardens or immense orchards. Write for our 1909 catalog with Spraying Chart- Add4 cents to cover postage and receive “Spraying for Profit,” a guide book on suppressing all injurious insects and fiingous diseases. THE DEMING COMPANY, 675 Depot St. Salem, Ohio THE COUNTRY HOUSE By Chas. Edw. Hooper. A practical and comprehensive treatise on house building. Elab- orately illustrated. $3.36 postpaid. Doubleday, Page & Co. 2-Horse-Power BAT 22 Gasoline Engine Weare manufacturers not nee Save dealers, jobbers and catalog house profits. Ill save you from $50 to $300 on my High-Grade Standard Gasoline Engines from 2 to 22-H.-P.— Price direct to you lower than dealers or jobbers 133 E. 16th St., New York have to pay for similar engines in carload Factory lots for spot cash. on 30 Days’ Free GALLOWAY Theale Ses. isfaction or Price and quality speak for themselves and you are to be dite sole judge. money back. Write for special proposition. All you Sell your pay me is for raw ma- oreeenndl terial, labor and one iby a SS small’ profit. Send for my ¥, big. Book ake Ce _H-P. Wm. Galloway, Pres. ae n Wm. Galloway Co. 1495 Galloway Station $119.50 Waterloo, Iowa se ee Marcu, 1909 ALG ETE AMEE NIV IWAN GANZ TINeRn 1 24, Be? talormiaiion about dogs, i 5 od ca Ae 1054103 Bie ~. Ae +7) ‘> Ax i AY foal cr a at = 3 Read Funk’s great book on Corn Breeding, which tells the secret of breeding for high yield. How the Highest Yielding Strains of Seed Corn in the World, the result of over 85 years of corn growing in Illinois, are bred from pedigreed stock. All about the 25,o00-acre Funk Farms, the breeding ground of champion yielding seed corn. Explains the care and manage- ment of Breeding Blocks and Multiplying Plots, the method of growing, picking, selecting, curing, testing, storing and grading seedcorn. No other corn book at any price can give you the first-hand, accurate, scientific, practical and complete informa- tion that you will find in this book. e The Marvels of Corn Breeding Our 25,000-acre seed farm gives us ampie room to separate the different varieties of seed corn, thusabsolutely insuring the purity of thestrain. | In our isolated Breeding Blocks we are able by hand pol- lination and complete de-tasseling of the alternate champion rows, to control the influence exerted by the Sires and Dams. Our Book tells in minute detail how this and the various other Operations in con- nection with scien- tific corn breed- ing are carried on. Sorting Seed Corn The very foundation ie TAS of our success as breeders aa Paceserelding' corn is Butting and Tipping Seed Corn the absolute prevention of inbreeding. Your success aS a corn grower depends likewise upon the infusion of new blood. Funk’s Yellow Dent--The National Corn Never in the history of corn improvement hasa grade of corn even approaching this in excellence been produced. This Pedigreed Aristocrat of the Realm of Corn is the highest yielding variety in the world. Ina field contest with the best ears from the prize bushel that won everything in sight at the National Corn Exposition, 1907, it proved an easy victor. Start Your Own “ Breeding Block ” You should get a supply of our High-Yielding Seed Corn fora Breed- ing Block starter, and thus you will be able to crowd your corn produc tion to the utmost limit. We now pack and ship our seed corn in tight erates, wire bound, every package stenciled and sealed with three lead seals bearing our initials. No loss in transit. Order early. Sendthe Coupon or write a letter today for the Free “¢ Book of Corn.”? Address office nearest you. FUNK BROS. SEED CO. Dept. S, BLOOMINGTON, Ill. Dept. S, 175 Hudson St., NEW YORK CITY. Dept. S, 316 Trust Bldg., DALLAS, TEXAS. Sign and Mail to our Nearest Office for Funk’s ‘“‘Book of Corn’’- FREE Name Town County NEW ASTER Beautify your country home and pay for it with a garden plot of the remark- able new aster, Lady Roosevelt. Exquisite old rose; blossom 4- and s5-inch ; stem 36-inch, erect; pest-free. Instruction in marketing and special new culture with order. 100 seeds $1. Professor Allan Neilson (formerly associate editor American Florist) Chestertown, Maryland. Seedsmen For pamphlet on “Bugs and Blights” Wn Tomato and Exe Plants, Currant Worms, © s address % Flee Beviles and Siriped Bugs on Melone, Squath. WRAY J Canket Worrms and Caterpitiars on Fruits Se eee, B. HAMMOND FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON SSI aia ack mS MMOND'S SLUG SHOT WORKS, °: (SHR ILL-OM MUOSON, N.Y CHILDS’ Long Island Grown GLADIOLI Are noted the world over for SUPERIOR MERIT “‘Our Famous Ten” A collection of Gladiolus that will appeal to the most critical observer AMERICA —Targe flower, flesh pink, beautiful. The peer of all Gladioli. Awarded certificate of merit wherever exhibited. ATTRACTION—Deep, dark, rich crimson with a very conspicuous large pure white center and throat. At once a most beautiful and attractive sort. BLANCHE —Targe flowers, pure snow-white, with but faint marks. BLUE JAY—(Baron Hulot)—The finest blue Gladi- olus yet seen. It is a rich deep color of indigo shade. The only real blUe Gladiolus on the market. CARDINAL— Perfect flower and spike, very large and the brightest, cleanest and most intense cardinal scar- let yet seen. CONTRAST — Flowers of great substance and a beautiful compact spike of perfect form. Color, intense scarlet with a large distinct pure white center, which 1s neither tinted nor mottled. One of the most striking and beautiful Gladiolus ever introduced. MELROSE—White flaked pink, bright crimson center. Very large and fine. ss SCRIBE —A beautiful, large, well-open flower and an enormous spike. Color like the fine old Eugene Scribe, tinted white, freely striped carmine. A very attractive sort. : SULPHUR KING — Beautiful, clean, sulphur yellow, finest and clearest of yellow sorts; without any doubt this is the very best yellow variety yet introduced. WILD ROSE—Very bright rose or blush tint, exceedingly delicate and pretty. This variety needs only to be seen to be appreciated. In its particular color it stands alone. 1 of each for $1.00. 5 of each for $4.00. LYCORIS SQUAMIGERA or Amaryllis Halli—A perfectly hardy bulb, producing beautiful lavender pink flowers in August, after the foliage has disappeared... 30c each; 4 for $1.00. CALLA ELLIOTIANA—RBeautiful golden yellow calla for summer blooming. 20c each; 6 for $1.00. Illustrated catalogue free JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Floral Park, L.1., N.Y. CONTRAST DEPT. Wh. : **BULBS THAT BLOOM” BETTER GLADIOLI THAN YOU HAVE EVER SEEN—YOU CAN GROW THEM Cedar Acres Gladioli command in the cut-flower market a price six times as high as the regular market rate, because the flowers are larger and finer than any procurable elsewhere. With my bulbs and cultural directions you can grow the same kind. They are as easy to raise as potatoes. The Gladiolus has become the queen of the garden. From the old-time scraggly spike, the gladiolus has developed into a magnificent and stately plant, bearing a wealth of color as delicate as the finest orchid. For cut flowers they are unequaled in beauty, and last for nearly ten days, gradually unfolding. My new seedlings, including the famous Harvard, Kathryn and Fireside, haye been awarded numerous medals and certificates of merit. BOOKLET FREE, showing Harvard in full colors and many other new varieties, with reliable information about each one. Send for it today. B. HAMMOND TRACY, Cedar Acres, Box 175, WENHAM, MASS. 65 What i tal iu F 66 Warn ek ia eeetemmat eli) GC AIR IDININ MLA CHAZ IN Ts Newel, OOS is the title of Our 1909 Catalogue —the most beautiful and instructive horticultural publication of the day—a book of 200 pages— 700 Photo engravings from nature — 8 superb colored and duotone plates of vegetables and flowers. It is a mine of information of everything in gardening, either for pleasure or profit, and embodies the result of sixty years’ experience. As a book of reference alone it is invaluable. To give this catalogue the largest possible distribution, we make the following liberal offer : Every Empty Envelope Counts as Cash : ; To every is will Pe this advertisement was seen and who encloses Ten Cents Thomas Dixon, Jr S. (in stamps), we will mail the catalogue and also send free of charge Our Famous 50c. ‘‘ Henderson ’”’ Collection of Seeds NEW NOVEL containing one packet each of Giant Mixed Sweet Peas; Giant Fancy Pansies, Mixed; Giant Victoria Asters, Mixed; Henderson's Big Boston Lettuce, Freedom Tomato and Henderson’s Blo.d Turnip Beet in a coupon envelope, which when emptied and returned, will be accepted as a 25-cent cash payment on any order amounting to $1.00 and upward. A dramatic and absorbing novel of a young millionaire and an enthusiastic girl who join a “‘Henderson’s Seeds are Tested Seeds”’ Socialist colony in California. It PETER HENDERSON & COMPANY _ 35-37 Cortlandt St.N.¥. anf fe Mr. Dixon's great audience: With illustrations in color by The new book by Booth Tarkington Ge Be lle SO Nearly 750,000 sold of The Guest of Quesnay The Leopard’s Spots The Traitor Charming beyond estimate is this delicate and beautiful love story, with its fascinating The Clansman The One Woman back d of Normandy inns and forests, and its lovable and very human characters. “It . sere Teor amposeble to describe its charm .. . astory of exquisitely blended values.” The Life Worth Living —Chicago Evening Post. Illustrations. Third Edition. $1.50. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.,NEW YORK Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133 East Sixteenth Street, New York By the author of We incomparable UNCLE REMUS books Joel Chandler Harris Beautify Home Grounds With Hardy Perennials or “Old Fash= The Bishop and ioned Flowers.’? Peonies, Iris, Phlox, Columbines, Hollyhocks, Foxgloves, Can- h BR terbury Bells, Chrysanthemums, Poppies, C © oogerman Asters, Daisies, Day Lilies, Anemones, Pinks, Sweet Williams, etc. This is one of the last stories from the pen of Uncle Remus, of joyful Over 1000 varieties to select from. memory to young folks of all ages Once planted always planted; increasing ever the whole world. It is the Ae FuliiromivenditonmennaniancamiccnnG Story of a little Truly-girl who grew In beauty trom y LORY, qui up; her Mysterious Companion, the added cost with but little care. Iheyyieldan Crabbed Uncle; the Whish-whish abundant supply of choice cut flowers for the Woods; a very Civil Engineer, and house as well as embellish the garden and Mire eilly Sanders thet apeie! TEE) lawn from early spring until late autumn Dale: ott as whimeita so eey y spring . humor, and thoroughly charming. My catalog of Hardy Perennial Plants, Shrubs and Vines is a beautiful book of 70 pages. It gives full cultural instructions and low prices, is copiously illustrated and mailed free. The finest and most helpful catalog of the kind ever published in America. Sixteen Illustrations. Net, $1.00 DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK. J. T. LOVETT, Box 25, Little Silver, N. J. copmeae (B) Tevousvom @) sy cuem Marca, 1909 THE AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN NEARLY READY After several years of preparation, ‘‘The American Flower Garden,”’ by Neltje Blanchan, is nearly ready, and will be published about March rsth. This sumptuous work (an overworked adjec- tive, perhaps, but justified in this case), repre- sents a new kind of contribution to our garden literature. Books covering the wide field of garden design, and the selection and artistic use of horticultural material, are a recognized class in England, but ‘‘The American Flower Garden,” by the author of ‘‘ Nature’s Garden,” and “ Bird Neighbors,” written in a popular style, is the first adequate example of this kind of book adapted to the use of the American amateur. It makes a strong plea for gardening as a fine art. Its practical value may be judged from the following list of chapters, and its planting tables present to the garden-lover the cream of the best plants available for certain uses, without burdening the text with very rare and unusual plants which only a few people are likely to use. The principles which underly the composing of various types of gardens, and simple directions for their making, are given to add to the book’s completeness: The Partnership Between Nature and Art. Situation and Design. The Formal Garden. The Old-fashioned Garden. The Naturalistic Garden. The Wild Garden. The Rock Garden. The Water Garden. Trees. Shrubs. Perennials. Annuals. Bulbs and Tuberous Plants. The Rose Garden. Vines. Garden Furniture. The seed dealers’ and nurserymen’s cata- logues offer a bewildering array of seeds, plants, shrubs, vines, and trees to charm the purchaser. This book is intended to help him to use all the - best of these materials, and in the right way; to show him how to dignify gardening into an art of never-failing delight; and to offer sug- gestion and help for developing one’s garden into a satisfying whole, as distinguished from THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Yo? jae ua | “To business that we love we rise betime And go to ’t with delight.”—A xlony and Cleopatra the impulsive, haphazard methods too often employed. The too full-page plates, of which many are colored, have been selected from thousands of photographs, not alone for their unusually great beauty, but also to truly illustrate the ideas set forth in the text, and make them of practical value. A limited and numbered edition of one thousand and fifty copies has been prepared, one thousand for sale, of which more than six hundred have been ordered by purchasers in advance. A special circular will be sent to anyone on request, and it is expected that the entire edition will be exhausted about the time of publication. Copies may be ordered through your bookseller, or direct from Doubleday, Page & Company. The publishers reserve the right to raise the price, which, until publication, will be $10 net. THE GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC FOR I909 This is the time when this unique book is most valuable. It has one department, of which we have said little, but which has THE: TALK: OFFICE | undoubted value. Each copy contains a dozen “Inquiry Coupons.” These coupons may be sent to our Service Department, which will at once answer any question relating to the home and garden, provide information about where any sort of tools, seeds, plants, and country-house appliances may be secured, prices, quality, etc. The Information Service Department has grown into an institution. It has at its com- mand the advice and knowledge of our twenty editors of magazines and books, and the experience of some years has greatly developed its efficiency. It is a pleasure to know that thousands of readers have been assisted to information not always easy to command. The price of “The Garden and Farm Alma- nac”’ for 1909 is 25 cents. THE GARDEN ANNUAL OF COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA The really great and joyous issue of the year is the March number. The cover, from a Lumiere color photograph, is, we think, very beautiful. ‘There is also a section of garden pictures in color photography, now a regular feature, and this is the only magazine which has attempted this difficult task, as yet, month by month. Double spring number soc at all newsstands. No lover of country living should miss Country Life in America for the year 1909. The April issue will have color photographs of live trout, and each month will have its own special, unique color feature. Four dollars per year, including three double numbers. THE WORLD’S WORK We wish that every reader of The Garden Magazine — Farming knew about The World’s Work. Here is what one reader says of it: The only magazine that is any good at all asa steady diet is The Worlds Work. Itis good from the first advertisement to the back page. We are not great believers in sample copies, but to any reader of this paragraph, we will be pleased to send a copy, with our compliments, to show what kind of a magazine it is. The World’s Work family has been enlarged by about 50,000 new people within the last six months. Twenty-five cents a number; $3 a year. eee Marcu, 1909 The Readers’ Service gives ET Bie Gages BN( pe Vie Au Gee Ap NOE) 68 information about real estate Is the common and regretful expression, upon first reading a Heller Brothers adver- ™ tisement or book, of persons who have tried and failed—because they didn’t start right. These very words were used just this way by Mrs. Bessie R. Mansfield, of Westborough, Mass., who wrote us last summer as follows: ‘*If I could grow roses as the ad says I can! I wondered as I cut it out and sent for some of your Roses, four years ago. The Roses came and they grew! I sent to you for more. And, Oh, what luck! My Roses are the talk of the place—for truly they are so beautiful! Each and every sort does just as you recommended it to do. Friends ask me, ‘Where did you get your bushes?’ I proudly answer, ‘from Heller Brothers—and they paid the express charges, too.’ If you ever go to Boston by way of B. & A., don’t forget to look out of the car window and see my Rose garden.”’ You can do as well; you can have Roses growing in your yard and blooming reely all summer and fall; you can havea Rose garden that will be the talk of your town, for less than the cost of a florist’s bouquet, and a little pleasurable work. Our free book tells you how | HELLER BROS. - 983 Main St. New Castle den of De- light” tells you fully whattodoto have a Rose gar- den. Send for this book today. It’s free, but the edition is limited HELLER BROS. 983 Main St., New Castle, Ind. Thousands of pleased patrons who have planted Heller’s Roses testify that American Beauty and all other good Roses have been grown to complete success from the thrifty plants we supply. After a season’s experience with Heller’s plants, lovers of flowers cease to doubt that they can grow Roses. It at -once becomes clear to them that success depends on starting right. Soon they begin to write us letters like this one from R. A. Smith, of Denver, Colo.: ‘‘Enclosed find photo [reproduced above] of three of your Rose bushes containing thirteen full-blown Roses and ten half-blown ones, besides numerous buds. This picture was taken the latter part of June, and the bushes are now bearing their second crop. Fully six dozen perfect beauties have been picked from the six bushes you supplied us. The Roses were most satisfactory, and next year we will duplicate our order.”’ Our book contains many letters of similar import from persons who have found garden success. Once Heller plants have been tried, the doubtful “If I could grow Roses” changes to the triumphant “The Sunshine of Our Gardens” pa Cream and sulphur , of morning clouds. Rose of early dawn. Flaming orange, scarlet and gold of full noonday sun- shine. Velvet brown and black of de- scending night, with many a variega- tion between, em- braces the colors of the “LOVELY NASTURTIUM” the most grateful ornamental flower; content with almost any soil, giving us a wealth of blossoms, from earliest Summer till late frosts, costing but a few pennies, to reward with richest bloom and color. We willsend you for ten cents 12 Packets. x pkt each Tall-growing NASTURTIUM, Scarlet, Lemon, Salmon, Deep Maroon. 1 pkt each Dwarf NASTURTIUM, Pale buff with rose shadings, Brilliant yellow, Pale Rose, Orange, scarlet, Velvety crimson. Also with this one pkt of the “‘ New” tall climbing Nasturtium ‘‘ Rosy Queen,” Color of flowers brilliant rosy scarlet, Leaves variegated green and white. The grandest Nasturtium H. H to date. es We will also mail you our New Illustrated 32d Annual Spring Catalogue Berger which is sure to interest you, jand full directions ““How to grow any sort of & CO Nasturtiums successfully.” 7G Warren St. Our February Offer of Aster Seeds Holds Good New York i SEND FOR CATALOGUE. IT IS FREE m@ Enclose........cé Address, pa oN .. BERGERIGcm 70 Warren Street NEW YORK CITY Your Lawn and Garden requires a tonic to strengthen the soil and renew those vital elements used up by last Summer’s growth. Noth- ing will do this so surely and economically as mane BRAND marx Pulverized Sheep Manure There is more good in one barrel of this Sheep Manure than in two wagon loads of barnyard Manure and it brings no weed seeds, unsightly appearance or disagree- able odor. It is really wonderful what an application in the Spring will do for the lawn and flower or vegetable garden. 4 00 per barrel. FREIGHT PAID east of ih Missouri River. Cash with Order. WE MAKE Pulverized Sheep Manure Pulverized Hog Manure Pulverized Cattle Manure mace BRAND marx Shredded Cattle Manure and should be pleased to quote special quantity prices and enclose descriptive matter upon request. The Pulverized Manure Co. | No. 19 Stock Yards Chicago, IIl. eT ee ee Marcu, 1909 GARDEN MAGAZINE Ij you wish information about dogs, apply to the Readers’ Service 69 Cover DESIGN—The Awakening ofSpring . . . « «© «© « « THE SPRING RuSH BEGINS B é eb GAT col track: INCIDENTAL CARE OF THE FRUIT GARDEN. S.W. Fletcher Photographs by the author Wuat America Can TEACH ENGLAND ABouT SHRUBS W. Miller Photographs by E. J. Wallis How to Mouttipty Your HypDRANGEAS Luke J. Doogue Photographs by the author Way You SHouLD Have A COLDFRAME . Philip Cox Photographs by R. Cudlip and L. W. C. Tuthill GETTING QUALITY IN THE EGG-PLANT . E.D. Darlington Photographs by the author THE RELATIVES OF THE POPPY . Leonard Barron Photographs by A. R. Dugmore, G. G. Newer andl others EDIBLE BEANS A YARD LONG . : Henry Maxwell Photograph by Eelen fiers Jones CHRYSANTHEMUMS IN GEORGIA Photograph by “BBouias i. Steeda A Triat GROUND FoR Cotton . Thomas J. Steed A SEED-BED FOR ANNUAL FLOWERS George Jackson Photograph by the Vermont Experiment Station SoME GARDEN ANNUALS THAT WILL SELF-SOW I. M. Angell Photographs by the author WILD FLOWERS WortTH ImprovING, IJ.—ANNUAL AND BIENNIAL GENTIANS os Wane OPE ren W. A. Brotherton ‘ Photograph by A. R. Dugmore PAGE 71 72 75 79 80 82 84 87 88 88 88 go g2 . Nathan R. Graves TOADS FOR THE PEA LOUSE Rootinc CUTTINGS ON THE KITCHEN Stove. Photograph by the author A CHARMING IDEA IN RocK GARDENS . Photograph by J. H. MacFarland TOMATOES ON IRRIGATED LAND PAGE TC SE oricramo2 Ella M. Beals 94 . Samuel Johnson 96 . R. H. Forbes 98 THE SMALL Dairy : GEESE ETOo, THE Hoop-PETTICOAT DAGEOnTE ID, IP, Jal. TOD GARDEN PUBLICATIONS See ea TO? A PRorit OF $3.28 PER HEN H. M. Cottrell 104 PRESERVING EGGs FOR NEXT WINTER’S ; Use .G. C. Howard 104 How To BE A CHICKEN FANCIER W.D.S. 106 WHITEWASH AS A DISINFECTANT . G. Sherman 106 TILE DRAINAGE J eases Sch ke LOO Do You Know THis ARID . Daniel A. Clarke 108 Photograph by Nevin R. Graves HINTS FOR PLANTING BEANS . ”. IF, ID, ID, 2 A SPRAYING OUTFIT FOR $8.50 Floy Warner 116 ANSWERS TO QUERIES 5 THe SUBSCRIPTION: One dollar a year pumeles Copies suse F. N. Dousepay, President BLUE SPRUCE. seen block after block of this wonderful variety, in all sizes and stages of growth, which annually attract many thousands of visitors from all over the country. WILHELM MILLER, Epiror.—Copyricut, 1908, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 Wa rer H. Pace, Hersert S. Houston, Vice-P residents We specialize in Blue Spruce, and in our Nurseries can be For Foreign Postage add 6s5c For Canada add 35c¢ H. W. Lanier, Secretary S.A. Everitr, Treasurer Send for Hill’s 61st Annual Catalog and Planting Guide It tells in a conscientious and thorough way the knowledge gained by over half a century’s experience in the growing Of Evergreens and other trees and shrubs. It describes each variety as it really is, and is literally filled with reliable illustrations taken from actual photographs. Its cultural directions are plain, concise, and to the point, and in it will be found an answer to every important question that can be asked by the ama- teur tree planter. We offer EVERGREENS in all sizes. Fine large speci- mens, two to ten feet tall, Thousands of hardy small trees and seedling Evergreens, hard wooded trees, shade trees, together with nut trees for Forestry planting. Spruces Beautiful Purple OUR SPECIAL PLANTING LISTS Pines Maple are especially attractive. Firs Blood-Leaf Beeches aR aod jslieeES i plane : complete, The Ci ar e Hemlocks Lindens TeW Lot, and eopecially the Cedars Elms : Suburban Home. Beautiful Flowering Shrubs Our Prices will surprise you. Grafted Fruits $3.00, $5.00, $10.00, $15.00, Blue Spruce Roses $25.00 per list. FREE copies of Hill’s 1909 Catalog and Planting Guide mailed free to every applicant. D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, Box 106, DUNDEE, ILLINOIS. 70 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1909 a a = = = “— In building a home 1 in the city or country, ask yourself first “what materialP” NVESTIGATE wood, brick and stone. Set down the advantages and dis- advantages of each, but do not, for your own interest, forget to investigate CONCRETE Definition: Concrete is a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand and some form of Portland Cement. The success of concrete construction depends upon the quality of the cement. | eh means a kind of cement. It | of everyone who owns a home, large or small, or does not mean quality. “Atlas’’ does. Atlas who expects to build one. The name of this is Portland Cement, made in but one “Concrete Construction about the TRADE MARK Home and on the Farm.” It will be sent to anyone on receipt of 4 cents to pay delivery charges. Write for it today. Investigate before you begin to build or rebuild. You have no idea of the number of things you can do with Whether you live in the city or coun- concrete made from pure Atlas Port- try, whether you live ona farm oracoun- land Cement until you have read this try estate, the importance of concrete NONE JUSTASGOOD book. A large book on Concrete to you and, therefore, the importance of Country Residences, with many de- Atlas Portland Cement cannot be over-estimated. signs and floor plans of houses made with We have a book that should be in the hands _ concrete, sent for 25 cents. THE ATLAS porttann CEMENT COMPANY taint SO Broad Street, New York grade; a name to remember; a brand to insist upon. It has purity and uni- formity, two qualities that are abso- lutely essential and which produce results obtainable from few Portland cements. m= ihe Garden Magazine VoL. IX—No. 2 PUBLISHED MONTHLY MARCH, 1909 ONE DOLLAR A YEAR | FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy [For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is generally taken asa standard. Allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude.] The Spring Rush Begins W/tte the return of long days and brighter sunshine, growth of plants under glass will become quite active, and all such as need it may be repotted into larger sized pots. Examine the ball of earth, and if found to be a matted mass of roots, it is safe to conclude that the shift is necessary. Cuttings taken last month will be pro- ably rooted, and may be shifted now. Con- tinue propagation of bedding stock and all other tender plants required for summer use. In a cool greenhouse a great deal of time can be gained with the hardy annuals by sowing in shallow, two-inch deep boxes. These young plants will be ready for set- ting out in the garden by the time it will be safe to sow seeds in the open. Start bougainvilleas, root crotons, chrysan- themums, and so on. Pot up carnations, and look after all bulbous stock that is to be had in time for Easter. Easter falls on April 11th. In the Flower Garden Ee YOUR garden is on a light soil, dig over the flower beds during this month, so as to forward the general spring work. Cold, heavy soils cannot be touched so early as light ones. As soon as the ground outdoors can be worked, sow seeds of the hardiest annuals. Rearrange and replant hardy perennials wherever necessary. Take up and divide old, dense clumps, giving them room to spread. Take note of your losses during the last winter, and buy whatever is necessary to re- plenish or fill up the vacancies. In the Fruit Garden ID° NOT forget to prune fruit trees dur- ing the latter part of February and the beginning of March. Repair all damage by accident, storm, frost, or other mechanical injury. Read Professor Fletcher’s article in this month’s GARDEN MAGAZINE, pages 72 to 74. Set out new orchards. Prune back all transplanted trees at least one-third. Don’t be faint-hearted in this matter. Trees will be all the better for severe treatment now. Now is the time to set out all the stone fruits, magnolias, birches, and all other thick-rooted or thin-barked trees that could not be handled in the fall. Be careful not to expose the roots of trees more than necessary in transplanting; par- ticularly never leave them exposed to frost. About the Lawn AKE new lawns. Seed down any lawn areas that were prepared last year; don’t wait until next month. Give established lawns a good dressing of fertilizer early in the month. Rake over others with a sharp steel rake, pulling off all coarse growth and rough material, and top dress with fine, short manure or rich garden soil. This acts both as top: dressing and mulch, and will help early spring growth wonderfully. Look to the shrubbery. All deciduous, ornamental shrubs are best planted now, pruning back severely the same as the fruit trees, but thereafter prune back flowering shrubs only after they have done flowering. Give abundance of water when setting out, trusting to the water to wash the soil in and around the roots rather than tamping, but do both. ; Give clean cultivation, and mulch all newly set shrubs. You will be glad of it later on, especially if the season is a dry one. In the Vegetable “Garden od fee is a busy month wherever the frost has left the ground; if it is not still wet, sow seeds of the hardy vegetables as soon as possible. In the Southern States all tender vege- tables, such as egg-plant, okra, sweet potatoes, melons, squash, potatoes, and tomatoes may be sown and planted. In the North, sow all tender vegetables in hotbeds. This includes tomatoes, egg- plants, melons, and, perhaps, lima beans. Read the late Mr. Darlington’s article on egg-plants in this number if you would have this vegetable at its very best. Sow in the open ground during March, as soon as the soil can be worked, asparagus, carrot, chickory, corn salad, mangel wurzel, parsnip, salsify, seakale, and spinach. How to have seakale within the year was told in THE GARDEN MAGazineE for March, 1908. Start in the greenhouse or hotbed, for planting out when the weather is fit, beets, broccoli, all kinds of cabbages and cauli- flower, cardoons, celeriac, celery, egg-plants, kohlrabi, leeks, lettuce, okra, onions, parsley, pepper, squash, and tomato. Sow in heat (hotbed or greenhouse) but not outdoors, during this month, bush beans, cucumbers, and melons should be sown, and thus get an early start. Sow cress every week in the greenhouse or coldframe to have succession. Also mustard and radishes. Nothing is more welcome than a succession of radishes and lettuces. This is the last opportunity for planting mushrooms on prepared beds out of doors. Mushrooms cannot be depended on to grow during the hot summer months. If you can get spawn of the hardy Agaricus subrufescens you may be able to carry the beds much later than with the ordinary mushroom. Sprays, Spraying, and Insects Ber ORE the buds burst is the last oppor- tunity to use the lime sulphur wash, which is the surest means of fighting San José scale. If you have only one or two trees to bother with, it would probably be more con- venient to use some of the miscible oils. Even if they may not be quite as efficient, their convenience is a great recommendation; but the “ready for use”’ lime-sulphur prepar- ations have given good results. Destroy all diseased twigs and any branches infested with eggs of plant lice, tree crickets, and buffalo egg hoppers. Make a clean sweep now and lessen the intensity of the fight in the summer. The fall web worm is always a pest, but its cocoons can be found and attacked now. If the canker worm is troublesome, put greased bands on the fruit trees that were attacked last year. The eggs of the tent caterpillar can be seen in masses; clean them off with a wire brush dipped in kerosene or crude oil. Scraping off the loose bark from the trunks of trees will destroy the hiding places of hosts of insects. A sharp hoe may be used for this purpose. Wherever soft scale is preserit use sprays of kerosene emulsion, and do not use strong sprays on stone fruits, because they are more susceptible to injury than any other orchard tree or ornamental shrub. Encourage the birds. Even if they do eat some fruit, you will find they will eat many more insects, and the great prevalence of insect pests is very largely due to the upset of the balance of Nature in the destruction of our native birds. Tramp down snow around the trunks to forestall injury from mice. the branches after a heavy snow or ice storm to prevent breaking Incidental Care of the Fruit Garden —By S. W. Fletcher, Shake shaking the limbs. Practically ruined by ice. It. will take many years for the trees to recover LADO pti tad Could have been prevented by promptness in Virginia REMEDYING THE ACCIDENTS OF WINTER—PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF SUNSCALD— INJURIES FROM RABBITS—WHY YOU SHOULD PRESERVE THE BIRDS pA OC with the four operations most necessary in the average fruit garden—tillage (or its substitute, mulching) ; pruning and training; fertilizing; spraying— are some others of less general importance, but often equally necessary to success in special cases. The gardener who is most successful has a watchful eye for these details. The incidental care of the fruit garden is naturally less capable of being formulated into rules and advice than the principles, for each locality has its local problems. STAKING AND SHADING YOUNG TREES In localities having strong winds during the summer, it may be necessary to stake some of the smaller newly set trees, but if they are planted deeply this precaution ought not to be needed. If young trees are bent over by the cultivator, or in any other way, staking will help to remedy the difficulty. The method of planting trees obliquely against the wind, so that they will be blown up straight, is common. It is preferable to drive two stakes, one on each side of the tree, and tie it with strips of burlap, cloth, or other soft material, removing the stakes as soon as the trees are established. Older trees that have blown over may often be brought back into good form in this way. A little staking may save some trees from becoming mis- shapen for life. PROTECTION FROM SUNSCALD In some parts of the country, especially in the Mississippi Valley, in California, and other Western States, young trees need to be protected from sunscald. This is not caused, as many still suppose, by the hot summer sun, but by alternate freezing and thawing of the bark in early spring, when severe cold is apt to be quickly followed by warm sun- shine. The Injury is mainly on the south and southwest sides of the trunk; sometimes the larger limbs are injured, especially after a heavy pruning. Some varieties are in- jured worse than others. The effect upon the tree is easily recognizable. Brownish blisters are raised, the bark begins to blacken and decay, and eventually may slough off and leave the wood exposed. Borers are apt to begin work in these exposed places. The preventives of sunscald are low head- ing, and shading. Fruit trees are commonly headed one-half to two-thirds lower in the West thanin the East, mainly for this reason. Avoid very heavy pruning in regions where a bad wound made by mice in The cions are cut wedge-shape on each end and slipped beneath the bark U2 Bridge grafting, winter. there is danger of sunscald; it is especially dangerous to take out many limbs from the middle of the tree, leaving the centre open. Newly planted trees (which are most liable to injury) should be shaded. In California and some other parts of the West it is cus- tomary to thrust a “‘shake’—a board three feet long and six inches wide — into the ground on the southwest side of the tree, so that it shades the trunk from the after- noon sun. In the Middle West young trees are commonly enclosed with some kind of a “tree protector.” These are of wood, paper, wire netting, laths, and other material. The light-colored protectors are preferred. Straw, tied about the trunk, affords a cheap, effective protection. A roll of mosquito wire netting is excellent, but does not last long. Serviceable veneer protectors, from one to three feet high, may now be bought very cheaply. If the tree is headed low, and in- clined slightly toward the south when planted no protector may be needed on the hardier varieties. Leave the protector on no longer than is necessary, as it is apt to make the bark tender, and it offers a convenient hiding- place for insects. INJURIES FROM MICE, RABBITS, AND GOPHERS In all parts of the country field mice are likely to girdle newly planted fruit trees. The amateur is likely to overlook these small enemies until after a severe winter, when he finds half his young trees ruined. Two things can be done: the mice may be kept away, and the injury may be repaired. There are as many things recommended for keeping mice from girdling fruit trees as for keeping away borers. Most of them are vile-smelling or poisonous washes, which are supposed to keep away the mice or to kill them when they begin to eat. Few Marcu, 1909 washes are uniformly successful, although some work all right in certain sections. The most practical method for the home fruit grower is to bank the trees with soil from six to twelve inches high each fall, con- tinuing this until the trees are six or seven years old. Mice will not climb these mounds. The banking also serves to steady the trees in the wind, and provides drainage. Be- fore leaving the tree for the winter, level off the hole from which the soil for banking is taken. If banking is not done, it will be necessary to remove all litter, as mulch, weeds, sod, or a cover crop, for a foot each side of the trunk. When snow comes, tramp it around the base of the tree. These precautions usually pre- vent mice from getting at the tree. A roll of wire netting, such as is used for protect- ing a tree from sunscald, will also protect it from mice. Rabbits are a nuisance to the fruit garden only in thinly settled parts of the country. I counted seventy-five of them one morning in a large orchard in the state of Washing- ton. Preventives are of two kinds: protect- ing the body of the tree with wire netting, as for mice; and applying an obnoxious or poisonous wash. In the East a boy and a dog are more effective against them than most washes. Gophers make trouble in some fruit gar- dens, and are much more difficult to handle than rabbits, asa rule. They may be poi- soned by putting a few grains of strychnine into a piece of fruit or vegetable, the poison being inserted into a knife cut. Place these baits far down into the fresh burrows with a long-handled spoon. Various gopher traps are offered for sale, and may catch some if the trapper has patience. The trap should be inserted into the hole its full length, pressed into the soil, and lightly covered with grass or weeds. REPAIRING GIRDLED TREES If a tree is so badly girdled that there is little prospect of its closing the wound by the growth of callus, it may pay to bridge- graft it. Only choice trees would repay this trouble. In early spring, when cleft-grafting THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ia nN ih ns NS TEN 2 iam Whitewashing softens the bark and promotes vigorous growth. Strong soapsuds or lye are equally effective is done, trim the edges of the wound down to green bark, cut cions as for cleft-grafting, but wedge shape at each end, and long enough to reach across the wound. Insert one end under the inner bark flatwise on the upper side of the wound, and the other end under the bark on the lower side of it. Put the cions within two inches of each other, pref- erably closer. ‘Tie strips of cloth tightly around the upper and lower ends of the cions so as to bring the two cambium layers together firmly. Cover the whole, both cions and exposed wood, with melted wax. Rub off shoots from the cions. The cions should grow together, and completely bridge the wound in a few years. Other bad body wounds can be treated in the same way, provided they are not too long or too old. HOW TO HANDLE BIRDS THAT STEAL FRUIT In many parts of the country certain birds are a nuisance to the gardener when the 73 fruit is ripening. Cherries, strawberries, grapes, and Japanese persimmons are most commonly attacked, but none of the soft fruits are exempt. The chief offenders, aside from the robins, are various finches, and sometimes quails. Some of these disbud the trees in winter, and some eat the fruit. Aside from humane considerations, which ought to be sufficient to secure pardon for the offenders in most cases, the bug- killing services of the birds are usually worth more to the gardener than the fruits they eat. In some parts of the country the birds that attack fruit are often poisoned, and unavoidably some harmless birds with them. It is not necessary to resort to this method in the fruit garden. Three things may be done to alleviate the bird nuisance: the first is to grow enough fruit so that the birds can have a share. This is a charitable, easy-going sort of plan, but it commends itself to many people. If Russian mulberries are planted near cherries, the robins will leave the cherries and go to the mulberries. Other people, perhaps more energetic, demand some means of scaring off the pests. Scarecrows are some- times serviceable, but a keen-witted robin usually sees through this transparent de- vice. One of the best ways is to fire off blank cartridges at the birds; the noise will scare them away for a time. The most successful method is to cover the fruit plants with bird netting. This can be bought cheaply, and lasts several seasons. It can be used most easily on strawberries, but can also be used to cover cherry, Japanese per- simmon, and other trees on which the fruit is badly pecked by birds. The use of bird netting in the fruit garden is entirely prac- ticable. Probably it could not be made practicable in a commercial orchard, but it will save much disappointment to the gardener, and he can enjoy the robins during the remainder of the year. SCRAPING, WHITEWASHING, SOAPING, AND SLITTING THE TRUNKS If fruit trees have received good care, es- pecially if they have been sprayed with Bordeaux or lime-sulphur, there is no ad_ Prevent trees from splitting before too late. nuts screwed on the ends. A brace of iron bolts, with Don’t girdle the limbs A living brace in an apple tree. twisted together when small and have grown together firmly Two suckers, one from each limb, were Damaged by mice when the tree was young. Mounding young trees with soil during the winter prevents this. Thetwisted trunk is caused by wet soil vantage in scraping the trunks. Old, neglected trees, with trunks covered with lichens and rough bark, will-be benefited by a vigorous scratching. Rough bark serves as a hiding place for insects, especially for the codling moth; lichens on the bark may smother it to a very slight extent, but they make the trees look neglected. An old hoe answers very well for scraping, which may be done at any time of the year. Trees sprayed regularly with a fungicide are not likely to have either old rough bark or lichens. Whitewashing, scraping, and slitting the trunks of trees all serve the same purpose; enabling the bark to expand when it has be- Branches of trees may be broken by the weight of fruit. have prevented this. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE come hard. The bark of trees that have been growing slowly, from neglect or other causes, is apt to become rigid, or ‘‘set.” If these trees are stimulated into vigorous growth as would follow the ploughing up of an old sod orchard, the bark may not expand fast enough to meet the new energies of the tree; it is thus said to be bark-bound. The bark of such trees may be softened by washing it in early spring with whitewash, lye, soap- suds; or the way may be opened for the growth of new bark by making several long slits with a knife up and down the trunk and main limbs, the knife penetrating only to the wood. These slits expand and fill in with new growth. Washing is preferable to slit- ting, since it does not leave a wound through which diseases or borers might effect an en- trance. The wash may be put on with a scrubbing brush or old broom. Since a whitewashed tree is obtrusively conspicuous, lye or soda washing is usually preferable. Spraying the trunks with Bordeaux or the lime-sulphur spray answers the same purpose. THINNING THE FRUIT Where quality ideals in fruit growing are dominant, as they should be in the fruit garden, thinning the fruit is nearly or quite as essential as spraying. Some varieties habitually overload every year, so that the fruit becomes smaller and poorer as the tree gets older and weaker. Some varieties have the reputation of “bearing themselves to death” in a few years if unmolested. Cer- tain varieties of apples, especially, have the habit of bearing full crops only in alternate years. The reason for this is mainly that the trees bear so heavy a crop one season that they cannot develop strong fruit buds at the same time, and so prepare a crop for the next season. The main reason for thinning the fruit, therefore, is to husband the strength of the tree so that it may bear annually for many years. This applies with greatest force to the tt a a sts Ye ape Thinning the fruit early in the season would Let none remain closer than four inches apart Marcu, 1909 fruits that most commonly overload, as peaches, plums, and apples. The stone fruits, especially peaches, apri- cots, and Japanese plums, are most bene- fited by thinning. ‘This is mainly because these fruits more commonly overbear than the pome-fruits—apples, pears and quinces —producing more blossoms in proportion to their bearing surface and do not have the self-thinning device of the apple and the pear—the centrifugal opening of the blos- soms in a Cluster. Another advantage of thinning, especially from the home fruit grower’s point of view, is an increase in the size of the fruit and a diminution of injury from some insects and diseases. Naturally enough, if half or two- thirds of the crop is removed, the remainder will have a better chance to grow. The increase in size is most marked in those varieties that naturally bear large fruits under favorable circumstances, as Bradshaw and Yellow Egg plum, Bartlett pear, and Globe peach. Varieties that naturally bear small fruits, as the Damson plums, are usually not benefited so much by thinning; but some small varieties, as Seckel pear, are consider- ably increased in size by thinning. Some sorts respond to thinning by increased size, and some do not; but even if not, the other benefits may be sufficient to justify the practice. The diminution of injury from insects and diseases by thinning is quite noticeable. This is brought about in two ways: If the fruits are thinned, so that they do not touch Removing diseased, wormy and imperfect fruits saves the vitality of the tree. Apples, pears, plums and peaches need thinning each other, the various fruit rots (especially the brown rot of plums, cherries, and peaches) do not as readily pass from one fruit to another; and the wormy, diseased, and curculio-slung fruits are largely re- moved in thinning. I know several good gardeners who are convinced that it pays them to thin apples for the sake of lessened injury from codling moth and scab, if for no other reason. \ Of these three benefits of thinning — say- ing the strength of the tree, increasing the size of the fruit, and lessening injury from insects and diseases, the first is always gained, the second frequently, and the third sometimes. What America Can Teach England About Shrubs— By W. Miller, * THE ONLY IMPORTANT MATERIAL IN WHICH WE HAVE A STRIKING CLIMATIC ADVANTAGE OVER ENGLAND —WHY WE HAVE IGNORED OUR OPPORTUNITY AND HAVE EVEN STARTED ON A FALSE SCENT’ (Pee only material in which America has a striking climatic advantage over England is shrubbery. When my colleague, Mr. Leonard Barron, came to America, the one horticultural feature that struck him as new and strange was the burst of spring, especially the dramatic fortnight when the fruit trees are in bloom. For in England spring comes so early and gradually that March is a month of unique floral charm, with its thousands of daffodils and Lenten lilies, its exquisite blue carpets of Grecian windflowers, and its lambent sheets of gold wrought by the winter aconite. But in America March is a rough and flower- less month in the North, and spring comes with a rush when the orchards bloom. England’s fruit trees are mostly hidden from view - behind high brick walls in private gard- ens. And while we. know nothing about amateur fruit grow- ing for quality, we lead the world in commercial orchard- ing; consequently our whole landscape is a mass of shimmer- ing whiteat the poetic moment of the year, just before the trees leaf out. Now, the largest group of flow- » ering shrubs belongs to the same family | as the fruit trees, . and ninety per cent. of all our shrubs join the mighty chor- us that celebrates the death of our atrocious winter. Another dramatic © moment comesin Oc- tober, when the American landscape has vivider foliage effects than the Eng- lish. ‘True, the big- gest masses of color are supplied by the trees, but the shrubs give the finishing touch to a_ perfect picture. England can never enjoy such an autumn show be- cause her cool and moist summers prolong growth, while our hot and dry ones promote maturity. Eng- land can never produce so thrilling a spring flower show, because her autumn is cool and moist and therefore the shrubs cannot properly ripen their wood and make good buds. The neglect of shrubs in English gardens will be apparent if you examine any of the sumptuously illustrated books on English gardening. ‘The greatest collection of large photographs on this subject is called ‘‘The An ash-leaved sorbaria from Afghanistan that ought to run out of our gardens the miserable summer- blooming spireas that have stiff cones of purplish flowers (Sorbaria Aitchison?) Gardens of England,” yet I have just turned over the 272 plates thus far published without finding a single picture in which flowering shrubs play an important part! In American gardens shrubs have always been a common feature, and the most precious old gardens we possess generally contain a few grand old bushes of such height and magnificence as one never sees in the ordinary mixed shrubbery. But we need not ‘‘throw out our chest like a Russian sleigh” because of this one advantage. For it will be at least three hundred years, in my opinion, before Amer- ica becomes one great garden, as England is. And our advan- tage in deciduous shrubs is more than counterbalanced by her advantage in evergreen shrubs, es- pecially hybrid rho- dodendrons. For these gorgeous plants not only have their showy bloom, but their magnificent fol- lage is full of inspi- ration all winter, while deciduous shrubs, broadly speaking, look naked and shivery in our climate. The Eng- lish winter is natur- ally mild, but the ubiquitous English laurel (which we can- not grow) makes it cheerful and beauti- ful, while ours is bleak and ugly. I cannot understand why horticultural writers nearly always jumble these two elements in the same article on ‘‘shrubs.” For good landscape gardeners never put both in the same shrubbery border. And we can have no clear thinking or good designunless we make a sharp distinction between precious and worthless material for winter since, in the North, this com- prises five-eighths of the year, or from the middle of October to —-——— 76 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Dwarf horse-chestnut (Aesculus parvifiord), example of the many slow-growing bushes that are crowded to death in the ordinary mixed border by the quick-growing kinds the middle of April. Therefore, the present article deals only with the deciduous bushes. And now comes the third great advantage of our shrubbery, for we can beat England on red berries that last all winter and on shrubs with brightly colored bark. And just as the Canadians have made their long, steady winter an attractive season for tourists by their picturesque sports, so the fickle winter of the northern United States can be made to draw people from all parts of the world to experience the unique charm of highly colored berries and branches. Now, then, the threefold superiority of our shrubs is apparent — the burst of flowers in spring, the vivid foliage in autumn, the brilliant berries and branches in winter. But have we developed our shrubberies along these natural lines? Not at all. On the contrary we have blindly and _slavishly followed European precedents. We import all their man-made freaks and dot our lawns with them, so that they look like Joseph’s coat turned inside out or the side-shows of a circus. For, every great personality among the shrubs that we ought to know and love for its own sake has its cut-leaved, weeping or purple-foliaged variety, and as to such gaudy stuff we are simply mad. It is worse than a crime to plant one’s place chiefly with such truck; itis a blunder. I explained the reason of this last month in the article on trees. The only one of nature’s suggestions we have followed is that which culminates in the “‘spring garden.”” ‘The most superb example of this, I suppose, is the estate of Mr. H. McK. Twombly, at Madison, N. J., where nearly every plant was chosen because of some attraction it presents between the middle of April and the first of June. Per- sonally, I like better the year-round-home of Professor Sargent, where the spring garden is only one of many beautiful features, all well proportioned, related, and secluded. But I have no quarrel with wealthy Ameri- cans who choose to glorify spring to the utmost, so that they may walk amid a dream of beauty for the six weeks such an estate is used by the family. For private specializ- ing on a princely scale gives us visions of new and better things that everyone may enjoy when the world gets better organized. But for the ordinary person an exclusive specialty is all wrong. The quickest way to make America beautiful is not to have a Marcu, 1909 rosarian in one house, a dahlia crank next door, and so on, but to have every place interesting the year round. The obvious reason is that the vast majority of us cannot afford more than one home at a time. And in order to make a place attractive 365 days in the year we ought to put more thought on shrubs than on any other plants. There are many reasons for this. One is that they give us brighter color in winter than ever- greens and at less expense. On a great estate trees are a bigger item, because they form the framework of every home picture, while shrubs are only the trim. But city and suburban lots are so small that only a few large trees, if any, are desirable, and therefore we must always look to shrubs as the main attractions, because they are more permanent than other flowers and cheaper than evergreens. Therefore, I believe, the instinct of the American people in making shrubbery a national institution is thoroughly sound. The American idea is to have the front yard of every small place composed of an unbroken lawn flanked by irregular borders of shrubbery. This frank, open treatment, which subordinates the individual’s rights to. the park-like effect of the whole street, is a fit expression of a democratic people. But such publicity is abhorrent to the English, with whom privacy is the dominant passion. Therefore in England front yards in city or suburbs are surrounded by a hedge or wall, and generally contain straight rows of broad- leaved evergreens, such as holly, box, and aucuba. The almost daily showers in Eng- land keep these noble decorative plants free from dust. In all parts of America the sum- mer is too dry for mile after mile of streets lined with broad-leaved evergreens. But if we have the right instinct about shrubbery, we are pitifully weak in carrying Japanese crab (Pyrus floribunda), example of the many April-flowering shrubs which bloom before the leaves and therefore show best against an evergreen background Marcu, 1909 out theidea. For the ordinary mixed shrub- bery is attractive only two months of the year and an eyesore for five. This is simply because the only shrubs we all know are those with showy flowers. Consequently, when ordering plants for a new shrubbery we merely write down the names of all the glorious old-time favorites such as lilacs, azalea, mock orange, spirea, and hydrangea, all of which are totally devoid of interest for at least five-eighths of the year, while most of them are also commonplace in foliage. The same is true of the vast majority of shrubs that are famous for their flowers. It is absolutely impossible to get artistic effects by this method. We must get rid of the pestilential old idea that shrubs are only good for flowers. The nurserymen ought to stop writing ‘‘flowering shrubs” in their cata- logues instead of ‘‘deciduous shrubs.” And they ought to quit booming the few shrubs that flower in July and August because we do not need excitement in hot weather; we need repose, and the most reposeful color then is green. Summer is the natural resting © time for shrubbery, between spring flow- ers and autumn fruits, and our nat- ural time to enjoy the texture of foliage. It is all wrong to try to make the shrubbery _ brilliant in midsummer with alot of loud-mouthed purplish-magenta spireas like Anthony Waterer, or ‘‘ever- blooming bores ”’ like hydrangeas. It is bad enough to have our autumn land- scape made monct- onous by too many top-heavy hydran- geas in every yard, without filling the shrubbery in sum- mer with these unnatural double flowers. A “night shift”? may be proper at the glue factory, but we don’t want our shrubberies to look as if they were working overtime. In other words, what we ought to have in every home shrubbery is flowers in spring; foliage in summer; colors in autumn; and berries and branches in winter. All this we can have by planning our home grounds with reference to twelve months instead of two or three. Forget all about the old-time favorites for a minute. You need not sacrifice any of them, but try this easy plan and your eyes will be opened to a new world of beauty. It is not even necessary to know one kind of shrub from another. All I ask is that you make a list of the twelve months and have two or three attractions for each month. Now list your favorites and you will see that they help you THE GARDEN MAGAZINE only in two or three months. The best way to fill the big gaps is to employ a landscape gardener. If you can’t afford that, go toa nursery and fill in your blanks from the shrubs themselves, instead of checking off names in an alphabetical list. If you can’t do that, make up your list with the help of good classified catalogues and the lists of shrubs for special purposes referred to at the end of this article. The only part of this programme that seems hard is the selection of summer or foliage effects. But here’s the answer to that — Cornus.and Viburnum. We ’ve got to have lots of those bushes anyhow for autumn and winter effects. They may not be the show- iest things in the world when in bloom, but for texture of foliage, play of light and shade, and individuality of bush they are hard to beat. If you want to wake nght up to our “‘heaven-born opportunity” with shrubs, Me. I am sorry to disappoint you if you were expecting me to tell you how to copy English effects with shrubbery, for there are n’t any worth worrying about. Of course, I took about a bushel of notes on beautiful shrubs I saw there, but when I came back I threw them away, for they are no use to us. We have got to hew out an entirely new path. And it would be a sin and a shame for me to crow about Cornus and Viburnum and Hydrangea, simply because England can never touch us there. For, the big fact is that we are three hundred years behind England on gardening and we ought to get busy. The irregular shrubbery border is ‘“‘our game,” but we play it in the wrong way, and so the one thing we need most is not a list of material, but a better way to plan a border! No magazine can teach the people the art of design. But here are a few rules that anyone can use with better results than the haphazard meth- ods we commonly employ. First, draw a diagram of your home grounds _ to scale. Then place your trees where they will shut out unsightly things and frame pictures of beautiful objects in the distance, such as a church spire. Then indicate where big bushes are necessary to hide what you don’t want to see, and leave blanks where they would cut off the good views. Then make a bold, irregular outline for your shrubbery bor- der, leaving room in front of the tall shrubs for low ones. A glimpse of the famous azalea garden at Kew, but the best azalea gardens in England have a back- ground of rhododendrons go to Boston in summer and drive through the Arnold Arboretum. For there you will see all the long-lived American and Japanese bushes that have the noblest or most graceful personality, and you will see how cheap and tawdry in comparison are such Coney Island muckers as the golden elder and purple- leaved plum. And then you will understand what the best landscape designers and nurserymen mean by such words as these: “Flowers are not the main object; they are only an incident. The principal thing is the form, texture, and density of the foliage masses and their way of carrying lights and shadows.” I used to think that such talk was only “hot air” by the picayune brandofexpert who exalts the technical above the human — the letter abovethespirit. But it’s plain, horse sense. For any particular shrub blooms only a fortnight or so; what you have to live with every day for seven months is foliage. The rest should be unbroken lawn. Next comes the selection of the best bushes for the chief mass effects — say twelve kinds, one for each month, and then the arrangement of these. Don’t try to select all your bushes now, and don’t put off arranging them until the shrubs arrive. Make twelve slips, or one for each important period — April effect, May effect, and so on. Add to each slip the ultimate height of the bush and the color of the flowers. This is the easiest way to secure “finish”? and avoid color discords. The next job is to separate the slow growers from the quick-growers, for the former cost most and are soon crowded to death by the latter in the ordinary mixed border. The quick-growers are privet, spirea, mock orange, hydrangea, golden bells, deutzias, red-twigged dogwood — anything you can buy in the form of one or two year old plants at $8 to $20 a hundred. are Sr: 78 This is the stuff that will attain the height of a man in three or four years. The reason you can buy it so cheaply is that it can all be easily raised from cuttings; whereas the costly shrubs have to be propagated by slow methods, such as grafting, layering, or seeds. The quick-growers are to go in the back and the slow-growers in the front of the border. Typical slow-growers are lilacs, Japanese maple, white fringe, pearl bush, Japanese redbud, dwarf horse-chestnuts, and azaleas. These cost about fifty cents each or more. Now draw the foundation line of your house and indicate all the most important windows, because we want a beautiful picture from each window and each view is to be strikingly different from every other. Nearly all the foundation line should be hidden and the ideal material for banking against a house is broad-leaved evergreens. Consider this material first, as it is the costliest of all. Then take the view from each window in turn. Don’t put your big flower show opposite the most important window, because flowers are short-lived. Put a winter effect there, and be sure it has good foliage in summer. Hold the list of effects by months in your hand and think how twelve bushes of each kind would look from each window when the plants have grown to the height of a man. Thus you will be sure of strong, simple mass effects that are good to live with, not a weak, spotty, distracting mixture. Next indicate directly on the plan where the conifers or other evergreens are to stand. You must do this now, because your winter berries and branches wil! be ten times as effective if seen against an evergreen back ground. The same is true of forsytnias and all the April flowers, since these bloom before the leaves. Now it is safe to indicate where each tall THE GARDEN MAGAZINE bush is to stand. When these are full grown they will be six feet apart and for the finished picture you may not need more than six of a kind in any one group. But the right way is to order three times as many small plants as you need and set them two to four feet apart. This always seems wrong to a beginner. It looks just like a nurseryman’s scheme to sell more plants. But landscape gardeners and park superintendents have no such interest and at a recent convention the sentiment was practically unanimous in favor of the old rule, ‘“‘Plant thick, thin quick.” One reason is that if you plant far apart, the place looks raw the first two years. Again, it costs more for cultivation. Again, the bushes actually do not grow as fast, because they are too far apart to shelter one another from drying winds, etc. On the other hand, if you plant thickly and begin thinning the second year, you can sell the larger plants you don’t need or move them to some other part of your grounds. That’s the cheapest and quickest way to get the best bushes. Don’t try to save three years by buying extra large bushes, except in the case of a few near the house or in the garden where immediate effect must be had. In three years small shrubs will catch up with big ones. That is not the case with trees. THE FINISHING TOUCHES Last of all come the finishing touches. You want some edging plants that arch over to the grass, so as to make an easy transition from lawn to tall shrubbery; therefore, choose arching bushes that grow one to three feet high, like Deutzia Lemoinei, Japanese bar- berry, Thunberg’s spirea, stephanandra, and yellow-root (Xanthorrhiza). The first thing the beginner thinks of is the spice — such as purple-leaved barberry and varie- gated dogwood. It should be the last to enter into the garden scheme. Japanese snowball (Viburnum tomentosum, var. plicatum), showing the strength and purity that comes from massing many plants of one variety instead of mixing several. It has very beautiful foliage; most shrubs famous for their flowers do not have The wayfaring tree (Vzburnum Lantana) atype of beauty in which, with the aid of Japanese species, we can beat Europe to a standstill When planting time comes interlace your big masses instead of keeping each kind in an absolutely solid mass. For instance, suppose you have twelve cranberry bushes that are to stand next to twelve common barberries. Place one or two cranberries a little inside the barberry mass and vice versa. ‘Then your mass effects will be just as pure and strong as ever, but they will not seem too studied. That is the last touch that foresight can give. The crowning loveliness age alone can bring. THE BEST ARTICLES ON TREES AND SHRUBS Anyone who wishes more specific knowl- edge about shrubs may find the following articles helpful. (G. M. and C. L. mean THE GARDEN MaGazinE and Country Lije in America. ‘The numbers refer to volume and page.) “Shrubs and Where to Put Them,” C. L. 4 : 207. “How to Buy Trees and Shrubs Economically,” ©) 12348: “What Must be Planted in Spring, not Autumn, ” G. M. 7: 140. “Shrubs for Fall Planting,” G. M. 6: 129 and igi “Planting for Winter Comfort and Beauty,” (Cs Ie © 8 BES: . “Shrubs Attractive both in Flower and Fruit,” - C. L. 15 : 490. “Ornamental Fruits,” G. M. 7 : 296, 344; 8 : 10, 70, 134, 184, 236, 292. “‘Flowers the Year Round,” C. L. 11 : 534. “Shrubs That will Bloom the First Year,” C. L. 13 : 500. “Trees and Shrubs that Bloom Before the Leaves,” G. M. 5 : 138. “Flowering Shrubs from April to November,” G. M. 3:30. Azaleas, C. L. 11 : 495, and G. M. 5 : 218. Barberries, G. M. 4 : 122. Comms, (C. We ti § 95; Hydrangeas, G. M. 2: 66. Lilaes, G. M. 1 : 232. Spireas, G. M. 2 : 206; 7: 284, 384. Viburnums, C. L. rr : 38. “Prune Your Own Shrubs,” G. M. 1 : 225. “ow to Prune Shrubs,” C. L. 3: 164. For any particular shrub, the “‘Cyclopedia of American Horticulture ” is generally the most helpful. Among the nursery cata- logues one tells the autumn color of the foliage, another is strongest on American shrubs, another gives the hardy equivalents of the European kinds and at least two are rich in pictures of shrubs. ee ASTOWIN gS ISCONSIN is one of the leading cranberry states,and the experiment sta- tion at Madison is quite active in pro- moting the interests of the cranberry growers. Experi- ments show the su- periority of the clean-culture treat- ment—that is, sand- ing and drainage—as compared with the older methods of bog management. Most of the new bogs of the state are being started by the clean-culture method. The attempts of some growers to reclaim old bogs by sanding the top of the bog after weeding, but without taking measures to secure good drainage, have not been suc- cessful, partly because the large amount of moisture in the soil is favorable to the growth of moss. The so-called blight of the vines, which prevents the developing of the fruit after blooming, seems to be largely due to insufficient drainage. Grafting Old Grapevines T IS not difficult to regraft old grape- vines of any of the species. This is a fairly common practice in Hurope and in California, where such regrafting is done either to change varieties or to secure vinifera varieties on resistant American stocks. It is well known that in all cases the vinifera varieties when grown on their own roots are severely attacked by phyllox- era. Almost any type of grafting will serve the purpose, as the grape can be handled rather easily, provided the work is done at the proper time and with any sort of skill. The common methods of budding will also answer, following the style of shield budding described in all textbooks. This budding is usually done in the spring assoon as the bark will slip well on the stock and before the heavy spring run of sap. It requires a little attention to the vineyard to determine this time, but there need be no difficulty if the workman is reasonably observant. Buds are taken from the desired vines, usually cut as budding sticks, and kept in a cool place un- til the stocks are ready for budding. As a rule, however, grapevines are changed over by various grafting processes, such as side grafting or cleft grafting, in which cions containing two or three buds and a piece of wood are used. The custom- ary way is to cut off the vine near the root and to insert the cions, either as side grafts or cleft grafts, in the stump. Naturally this will be more easily accomplished with comparatively young vines than with old ones. In the case of old vines it is better to make the graft on one of the side branches. Immediately after the cions are set they should be waxed with soft grafting wax. Grafting is usually done in February or March, depending upon the latitude. The work should be performed very early before the flow of sap commences. Grafting may also be done during the latter part of thesum- mer, usually in August. FF. A. WAUGH. Hauling Sand in Wheelbarrows in Preparing a Peat Bog for Planting to Cranberries A West Virginia Apple Survey RCHARD sur- veys began in 1903 when G. F. Warren, of Cornell, made a survey of WayneCounty, New York. Since then many fruit regions have been studied. Such studies disclose information about the actual condition of the orchard indus- try that can be ob- tained in no other way The West Virginia Experiment Station has recently made a survey of Jefferson County, in the eastern panhandle of that state. The investigation was limited to ap- ple orchards of more than four acres, and reports were secured on 181 orchards. This county has about 200,000 apple trees, of which about half are in bearing. Some or- chards are as large as 320 acres, but the typical size is ten acres. The large orchards as a rule show a greater income to the acre than the smaller ones. The chief commercial varieties are: York Imperial, Ben Davis, Grimes, Arkansas, Stayman Winesap, and Winesap. Many of the recent plantings are of Jonathan, Wine- sap, Delicious and Gano. Plantings of Ben Davis have decreased in the past few years. The young orchards are generally grown on land that is planted in the usual cultivated | grain and grass crops of the section. Most of the bearing orchards are in sod, although cultivated orchards are more profitable. It seems to be profitable to fertilize or- chards, and a combination of manure and commercial fertilizer is most profitable. Annual pruning is practiced in two-thirds of the orchards. Spraying pays; and spray- ing three times a year yields a much larger net profit than one or two times. Two Barrels to Siam RECENT Government trade report sets it down that in 1913—the last figures available—two barrels of apples were exported to Siam. This is cited as an illustration of the statement that “fresh apples from this country find their way to almost every country on the globe.” Why shouldn’t they? The apple is equally acceptable in the tropics and in the arctics. It is both a luxury and a staple article of food wherever civilization pene- trates. And the world-wide market depends upon the United States of America in a rather unusual degree, for this country is by very far the largest producer of apples on the map. In fact, outside this country the regions of commercial apple growing are remarkably few and small. Restricted areas in Canada, small districts in Northern Italy and in Bohemia, and some orchards in Southern Australia and Tasmania— these small and scattered territories are our only competitors in the world markets. These world markets really include all the rest of the civilized globe. It is a big field, principally ours, and we ought to oc- cupy it. Two barrels of apples to Siam merely signifies that all nations are properly our customers. re be CS eT EN re Aes -- -— — AA-~~AL OF.2.414d Tiadae Clann Cultural Mothade Sensible, Val Christmas Pr~ ‘“Ball-Band’’ Arctics forr ““Ball-Band’’ Rubber Boc and other ‘‘Ball-Band’’ Fo able feet for the wearer. W “‘Ball-Band’’ boots are vacuul this process causes a tremendous and makes the boot one solid pie: Mark. It means more days’ wea: If your regular merchant does the name of a store near you that Write for Free Bookl It tells how to make your rubt MISHAWAKA W( 363 Water Street “The House That Pa} ESdQi’&disddsSSsdSs-/—/_ SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS SSS “Lord! ALL fue what J Gm Lachine WEBSTERS NEW INTERNAT DICTION ARY This New Creation cor * to questions on spel history, geography, biography, fiction, puzzling war words, etc. Type matter is 15-volume encyclopedia. 400,000 Vocabulary Terms. 6000 Illustra: GRAND PRIZE, the only highest award given Panama-Pacific International Expc G. & C. MERRIAM CO., Li Liddddddédlddgi; VL LLL ddddddddddidddé Spr: C.Gent. D-as-'s. Three Ways to Grow RNAMENTAL shrubs are propagated in three principal QO ways—by cuttings, by layers and by seeds. The quick- est results are obtained by cuttings, and the type of the parent plant is always best preserved by this method or by layering, though layering is slower and is usually resorted to only in the case of shrubs that are propagated with difficulty by cut- tings. Propagation by seeds is an easy but slow method, and does not always preserve all the desirable qualities of the parent plant. Propagation by cuttings is per- formed intwo ways: The first con- sists in taking from the parent shrub in summer what are usually called soft, or green, wood cuttings, or in some eases half-ripe wood cuttings of that season’s growth; a greenhouse or conservatory, or hot- bed or cold frame, is necessary for the successful rooting of such cut- tings. The second method is to take from the parent shrub, after it is entirely dormant, usually in December or January, cuttings of mature wood of the previous sum- mer’s growth; these may be placed in a cool, frost-proof cellar to begin the process of rooting. When a greenhouse or conserv- atory is available a propagating bench should be built, preferably on the north side, where it will be least exposed to the sun. This bench is simply a table with strong legs, of convenient height, about three feet wide, and of any desired length, the boards of the top being placed a quarter to half an inch apart, to provide drainage. Along the four edges of this table are nailed strips four inches wide, transforming it into a shallow box. If a greenhouse is not available a hotbed or cold frame may be used. Instead of a propagating bench it will be necessary to make boxes about sixteen inches square and four inches deep, with cracks between the bottom boards for drainage, which may be set level in the shadiest part of the bed or frame. The propagating bench or boxes should be filled with pure, clean sand, such as masons use in making mortar or concrete, the cracks between the boards being covered with clean pebbles or coal cinders. The sand should be leveled and firmly com- pacted by striking it with a brick, and then wet thoroughly. This makes the bench or box ready to receive the cuttings. Rooting in Moist Sand Cuttings may be taken from the rather firm green wood or, in the case of some shrubs, from the half-ripe shoots of the season’s growth in June, July and August. These shoots, from four to six inches long, should be removed from the parent shrub with a sharp knife, not with shears, and wrapped at once in wet newspaper to keep them from wilting. Before they are placed in the propagating bench or box they may be trimmed by cutting off half an inch to an inch from the tender tips, all the leaves for about twoinches from the butts, which will be buried, and one-third of each of the remaining leaves, if they are large. See that the sand is wet throughout. Then make a wooden peg about six inches long, half an inch in diameter at one end and tapering to a point at the other. With a straight-edged, narrow board placed across the bench from back to front as a guide draw lines in the sand three inches apart, and with the peg make holes along the lines two or three inches apart and one and a half to two inches deep. Place a cutting in each hole and make the sand about it very firm. Sprinkle the cuttings after they are placed in the sand. During the first ten days only a lit- tle air should be ad- mitted, by raising the greenhouse ventilator or the The Hardy Hydrangea is Propagated From Green- Wood Cuttings Spirzea Can be Propagated in Four Different Ways Ornamental Shrubs - J+H: Sperry, hotbed sash. After thata larger volume of airmay be admitted, but never enough to make a draft. The important points in this process of rooting green-wood cuttings are: Keeping the cuttings from wilting before they are placed in thesand; keeping the sand always moist, but not wet; admitting pure air, but no direct draft; and carefully shad- ing until roots begin to form. After the cuttings have formed roots an inch long they should be lifted out of the sand with a trowel and transplanted into mellow soil in the garden or field, about six inches apart in rows. They should be set out firmly, watered freely when planted, and shaded by news- papers or thin cloth. Propagating by dormant cut- tings of the previous summer’s growth is the simplest and easiest of all methods. In December or January, when the shrubs are dor- mant and the foliage has fallen, cuttings from four to six inches long may be taken with a sharp knife. A shoot that is long enough may be divided into two or more cuttings. Remove all side twigs. Fill one or more boxes about twelve inches square and eight inches deep with sand, firmly com-. pacted to within an inch of the top of the box. Moisten the sand thoroughly and with the peg make holes an inch apart. Put in the cuttings top end up so only two of the dormant buds are above the sand. Place the box in a cool, frost-proof cellar or garden pit and leave them until spring. Propagation by Seeds In spring, as early as the ground can be worked, these cut- tings, most of which will have formed calluses on the ends that were buried in the sand, should be planted in the garden or field, about six inches apart in therow. A year after this plant- ing they may be transplanted to permanent positions. Propagation by layering is an excellent method in the case of almost all ornamental shrubs when only a few new plants are desired. Natural layering is common. One of the lower branches of a shrub becomes decumbent, and a portion of it near the body, perhaps including one or two joints, becomes covered with soil and leaves. Roots are usually sent out at these joints. When they are well developed the shoot is cut off between the roots and the parent, and is transplanted. Propagation by seeds requires a longer time to obtain a shrub of suitable size for permanent planting. Seeds of shrubs may be divided into two general classes—those contained in a dry, herbaceous ovary, or seed pod, as the seed of. syringa or hydrangea, and those covered with a fleshy substance, as the seed of viburnum and barberry. Shrub seeds should be planted either in the autumn, soon after they are gathered, or in the following spring. Seeds cov- ered with a fleshy substance should be removed from it by rubbing them between the hands after they have soaked for several hours in water as warm as the hand can bear. The seeds may be sown in a mellow garden or cold frame in shallow drills, the depth depending on the size of the seeds, or they may be stratified or placed in alternate layers with pure, moist sand, in a box which is kept in a cool cellar or garden pit, or, with a cover, buried below the frost line in the garden. In spring these stratified seeds are sown in drills in the garden. Most shrub seeds, whether sown in fall or in spring, germinate the fol- lowing summer, but some, as holly and viburnum, usually do not germinate until the second year. The seedlings may betransplanted when they are one year old. The following or- namentals, which are among the most desirable and popular, may be propagated by one or more of the previously described methods: Japanese maple, Acer japonicum, from seeds, or with some difficulty from green or ripe wood cuttings under glass. ; Bastard indigo, Amorpha fruticosa, from seeds, or from green-wood cuttings under glass. Japanese barberry, Berberis Thunbergii, from seeds, or from green-wood cuttings in June under glass. Sweet-scented shrub, Calycanthus, from seeds thinly sown in a cold frame in April, or by layering. Red bud, Cercis japonica, from layers, or from green-wood cuttings under glass; other species of Cercis from seeds sown in March in light soil, with gentle heat under glass. Fringe tree, Chionanthus Virginica, from seeds sown in autumn, or from stratified seeds sown in spring, or from layers. Hawthorn, Crategus, from seeds, which germinate the second year and need to be covered with a mulch of straw or hay the first summer to keep them from drying out. Japan quince, Cydonia japonica, from seeds, or from dormant cuttings of the previous season’s growth, or from layers. Daphne, Daphne cneorum, by ‘‘tongued”’ layers covered with soil and moss. Clematis, by stratified seeds sown in a sandy, light soil in a gentle heat under glass, or by layers. Sweet pepper bush, Clethra, from lay- ers, or from cuttings of half-ripened wood in gentle heat under glass. Osier, Cornus, the willowlike species, from seeds, layers or cuttings of half- ripened wood under glass. Deutzia, from half-ripened green-wood cuttings under glass, from dormant cut- tings of previous season’s growth, or from layers. Weigela, Diervilla, from half-ripened green-wood cuttings under glass, or from dormant cuttings of the previous seasan’s growth. Oleaster, Elzagnus longipes, from cut- tings of half-ripened wood in June or July under glass. Burning bush, Huonymus, the decidu- ous species from dormant cuttings of the previous season’s growth; the evergreen species from cuttings of green or half- ripened wood under glass; or both deciduous and evergreen from seeds and layers. Pearl bush, Exochorda, from seeds, or from layers in June. Golden bell, Forsythia, from green-wood cuttings under glass, or from dormant cuttings of the previous season’s growth. Silver-bell or snowdrop tree, Halesia, from layers, or from stratified seeds, which do not germinate until the second year. Hardy hydrangea, Hydrangea paniculata, from green-wood cuttings in June. Holly, Ilex, from stratified seeds which germinate the second year. Mountain laurel, Kalmia, from layers, or from seeds sown in shallow boxes of sphagnum moss or peat, placed and kept in a cold frame until seedlings are large enough to harden off and transplant. Globe flower, Kerria japonica, from layers, or from dormant cuttings of the previous season’s growth. Koelreuteria, from seeds sown in the spring, or from cuttings of green wood in spring, or from layers in autumn. Golden chain, Laburnum, from layers or from seeds. Laurel, Laurus, from layers or from seeds. Woodbine, honeysuckle, Lonicera, both the upright and the creeping species, the former from dormant cuttings of previous season’s growth or from layers; the latter from dormant cuttings or, to obtain new varieties, from seeds sown as soon as ripe, or from stratified seeds sown in spring. Crape myrtle, Lagerstremia, from layers, or from seeds which, sown in boxes in well-firmed soil late in September, covered with sifted peat or leaf mold and kept in a cold frame or pit, will germinate in spring. Privet, Ligustrum, from green-wood cuttings; or very easily from dormant cut- tings of the previous season’s growth; or from stratified seeds, which sometimes do not germinate till the second year. Magnolia, from seeds sown in autumn as soon as ripe; or from layering early, before the plant begins to grow; or from green-wood cuttings taken off close back to the branch or body so as to leave a heel on the end, under glass. Mock orange, syringa, Philadelphus, from cuttings of green wood under glass, or from dormant cuttings of wood of previous year’s growth, or from layers and seeds. Rhododendrons, low-growing plants, may be propagated from layers, other methods—from seeds, cuttings and grafts—being too difficult for an amateur. Sumach, Rhus, from cuttings of green or half-ripe wood under glass, or from seeds or layers. Rose acacia, Robinia pseudacacia, from layers, or from seeds after they have been soaked in hot water, sown in autumn or spring. Roses, hybrid perpetual, climbers and ramblers, from cuttings of ripened wood in late autumn placed in a cool greenhouse or a cold frame; other roses from cut- tings of nearly ripened wood, taken from rose bushes growing in greenhouse, started in a propagating bench with bottom heat. Spirzea from green-wood cuttings, or from dormant cuttings of the previous season’s growth, or from layers in spring from seeds sown as soon as ripe, or from stratified seeds sown in spring. Bladder nut, Staphylea, from layers, or from dormant cuttings, or from seeds sown as soon as ripe, or from stratified seeds sown in spring. Lilac, Syringa, from green-wood cuttings under glass, or, less frequently, from dormant cuttings, or from layers or stratified seeds sown in spring. Wistaria, from seeds, or from layers, or from cuttings of ripened wood under glass. : : —— : Raising Vines From Eyes, Showing Them in Position in a Pot Before Covering = J J LJ ITVIN , uae TT ity Three Wars |, Yonkers, New York, for Six Hundred Boys and Girls The garden equipment consists of a well-made fence, two tool houses and a sum- because the garden is one of the largest in the country, one of the oldest in the commercially—although the children keep the produce—and because it has been ccess from every standpoint. The article is intended to help those interested in ilyze the elements of success. Jen School Has for Eleven Years Lived Independently, Trusting to its Own Merits to Attract the Children The requirements for the children are: First, that they pay the rental; second, that they attend to their plots at least twice a week; third, that they conduct them- - selves properly while so doing. The garden is open from three to five P. M. each school day during the months in which school is in session, and all day on Saturday. In vaca- tion time it is open all day every day. The superintendent says that in eleven years much of the elaboration of school- garden conduct has been discarded as unnecessary. At first a careful record of at- tendance was kept. Now attendance is kept by looking at the plot. ‘Formerly the children were required to keep notebooks; but not now. Once upon a time there were prizes for the best plots and vegetables. Now there are no prizes. If the children want to compete for prizes awarded by outside institutions they may, and usually a number enter the exhibitions of the Yonkers Agricultural Society. Records of the returns from plots were kept carefully for a number of years. Al- lowing for the space used by necessary tool houses, paths, and the extra plots given to things other than vegetables, about three acres and a half is in actual vegetable pro- duction. This raised in 1909: 8,120 quarts of string beans 4,640 bunches of 34,800 beets parsley 1,740 pecks of Swiss chard 11,600 parsnips 23,200 carrots 5,060 quarts of onions 14,500 heads of lettuce 70,480 radishes 6,960 stalks of celery There were other vegetables, uncounted— tomatoes, for one—and the entire product was valued at $3306, this at the prices at which vegetables were sold by pushcart men in the neighborhood. The gardens are ex- pected to average at least five dollars a plot, around sum of $3000 for the whole. Against this, as a commercial proposition, is the statement of expenses: Salariesieny! acer aie er lee Deve ee $2585 Rertilizens@ercseet ss ie coc, rach hemes gente 300 Seed sity eee t ail Aecay.s nabiee bo ats 100 Office printing and stationery ....... 125 Waterirents! sas> -.- 5 aby ite weak aaec RS 30 Sundries ee Socks uke Seen rae ea ia 60 Ingurancemaeates< Cy chee ate ce ee ee 5 Exhibits, entertamment. ......... 50 Ota Ce eeaine Calne, ShAcahry mame ne $3255 mer house, a green- house, cold frames and all the neces- sary tools. For every six chil- dren in the garden thereisaset of tools consisting of rake, hoe, spade, trowel, watering pot and garden line. The greenhouse and cold frames raise all the tomatoes, celery and lettuce, and so forth, for the garden, and in addition are busy all winter with the special class of boys raising plants for sale, the money for these adding to the garden fund. The third test of a garden is the effect upon the children and upon the neighbor- hood. The Fairview Garden School began as a gift from one man—a small garden for thirty-six boys. It is now supported by the voluntary contributions of more than 200 persons who have watched it grow. * Despite its avowed commercial intent it is most carefully and attractively planned, with many ornamental beds of flowers, bor- ders that are filled with luxuriant blooms. Among all these are other beds without commercial intent, given over to cotton, flax, sugar cane, jute and sugar beets. Seeds are Sold for Home Garden Instruction concerning these and the more practical matters is in the hands of three teachers. No pretense is made at a program of theoretical instruction, but with the practical the teacher is able to give a great deal of theory. Just what effect both practical and theo- retical instruction have had is not a matter of record, but last spring the children put up 50,000 packets of seeds for distribution to the public schools of the city, from which they were sold. Every packet was disposed of, to be grown in the home gardens, which only lack of funds prevents the garden school from supervising. The social interest, fostered by the par- ents of the children, who are constant visitors, and by the garden graduates, has resulted in the establishing of a garden house, just back of the garden proper, where winter instruction in home econom- ics is given to girls, and where clubs of both sexes, young and old, gather for recreation, study and entertainment. And, farther even than the neighborhood, the Yonkers garden has, by a free supply of reports, lan- tern slides and photographs sent out on request, stimulated the beginnings of gar- dens uncounted. The noteworthy school gardens of Portland, Oregon, openly ac- knowledge their debt to the Yonkers garden: PORTLAND, Oregon, March 22, 1912. Mr. Lawson SANDFORD. Dear Mr. Sandford: The garden school cabinet of photographs has been returned by express, and by this means I want you to accept my personal thanks and the thanks of the community. The pictures have been reproduced, exhibited, talked about, and have been instrumental in causing the es- tablishment of a garden branchin all the public schools in Portland, which I think will be ex- tended to all the publicschoolsin the ~arv_shortlv. Massa- How to Multiply Your Hydrangeas—By Luke J. Doogue, Mss, DO NOT BE SATISFIED WITH MERELY SETTING OUT THE OLD PLANTS THAT HAVE BEEN WINTERED IN THE CELLAR—WORK UP A FRESH LOT AND GET BETTER, BIGGER FLOWERS E you do not have a_ sufh- ciently large num- ber of tender hy- drangeas, (horten- sias) it is a very simple matter to increase the stock at this time of year. Hydrangea horten- sis, and all its forms— Thomas Hogg, Otaksa, etc. Gane Dien Tt Olsit easily propagated from cuttings, using the old plants that have been carried over winter in a cool cellar, a pit, or even outdoors. Some forms of the plant are much more hardy than others, and will even prove quite hardy in the neighborhood of New York in well-drained soil. The hortensis hy- drangea will always be a popular garden plant, because its immense flower heads attain perfection at a time when the flowering season of the majority of plants is past. Old hydrangea plants often get ugly and ragged looking; how much better to raise your own plants each season! Early in the spring, when the growth made is just sufficient to give decent-sized cuttings, every single shoot that has developed can be taken off, using a sharp knife, and cutting at a joint. The only thing to observe is that the wood has passed just beyond the first stage of succulency. If it is too tender, too watery, it will not strike roots, but will rot. If one crop of cuttings is insufficient a second supply can be taken from the old plants by merely letting them continue grow- ing. The cuttings will grow if put into any well-drained, open soil, such as a mixture of loam, sand, and leaf mold, or coarse sand can be used alone. Where space is of some importance, place the cuttings in the sand or loam close together in rows in shallow boxes. But watch carefully, as cuttings thus packed are always liable to rot if given too much water and too little air. The box of cuttings should now be put into a light place, with some gentle bottom heat. Or the cuttings may be put directly into very small pots — thumbs they are called—and kept there until crowded with roots. The rooted cuttings may be put into four- or six-inch pots, if convenient, or, if the weather is favorable, they may be set out in the ground at once. Otherwise, the best thing to do is to put the potted plants into a coldframe. From now on keep the plants well watered and the surface of the soil around them thoroughly cultivated, to prevent caking and the possible shedding of water. Hy- drangeas demand a great deal of water, and the measure of success in their cultiva- Trim the leaves of the cutting to reduce trans- piration tion depends very largely on frequent water- ing, and an occasional feeding of manure water accomplishes wonders. Little remains to be done from this time on — merely such pinching as may be desir- able to give the plant proper shape. If the plants are grown in pots entirely, the soil must be rammed firmly about the roots by means of a stick. For the winter storage of the old plants it is only necessary to see that they are in a frost-proof cellar, but sufficiently cool, that growth will be suspended. In other words, keep them dormant. Also, note that the cellar is well ventilated and not choked with coal gas, and sufficient water must be given, if necessary, to prevent the roots from becoming dust dry. The cuttings may be put into large pots at once, or several into one pot and shifted when ready, in about two weeks. These rooted cuttings are all two weeks old Twenty-five cuttings were taken from this plant at the first cutting in spring 79 Two weeks later it looked like this, and was developing another crop Why You Should Have a Coldframe—By Philip Cox, New Jersey EARLY FRESH VEGETABLES, FLOWERING PLANTS OF GREATER VIGOR AND SOMETHING OUT OF THE ORDINARY ALL THE YEAR ROUND, INCE I have contracted the coldirame habit I have been able to keep my garden enthusiasm warm all winter. I am an enthusiast for coldframes, and only wish that I may convey to others some feel- ing of the satisfaction to be had from their use. It is not everybody who can possess a greenhouse, but surely no one having any garden space at all can give justification for not possessing some coldframes. The common notion that coldframes are useful merely in the early days of spring for starting hardy plants, so as to get them a little bit earlier than the outdoor sowings, and for giving protection to the tender plants before the outdoor weather is safe, is very far from the whole story. By proper manipulation coldframes can be made very adequate substitutes for a greenhouse, giv- ing results all the winter through. If you do not already possess one or more cold- frames, I urge you to delay no longer, but to install some this very month. Immediate The best kind of brace for the sash is an iron rod; it casts very little shade results can be had in starting nearly all the flowering annuals, and such more tender plants as tomatoes; or lima beans can be germinated here ready for planting out when the ground is warmer. See THE GARDEN MacazinE for March, 1906, page 82. For three years past I have been keeping a careful record of what has been done with two coldframes, five sash each, working them all the year round and raising in them both vegetables and flowers. I advise working with two frames because it is much easier to handle a rotation of crops. What I shall tell about is what any amateur can do, pro- ducing identical results; it is not necessary to be a skilled, experienced gardener. THE ROUND OF THE YEAR Most people begin to think about cold- frames at this season, but the real “‘year of the coldframe’” may be said to begin in October when, with the coming of frost, outdoor operations cease. But preparations for the winter will have been under way well in advance of that. By about the twentieth of August, indeed, I make a sowing of black- seeded Tennis Ball lettuce, following this by another September 5th. The seed is sown in a shallow box and transplanted to the ground inside the coldframe when the second pair of leaves has been well developed. If, however, the frames are not ready at that time, the seedings may be transplanted into the open ground, removing them into the frames later, giving them then a distance of nine inches each way. The plants from the first sowing should be ready for use the first week in November, those of the second sowing following about three weeks later. Lettuce may be had in succession all winter through by management of the sash. Giving plenty of air on all bright days by lifting one end of the sash, the crop of let- tuce can be made to yield all through the winter, even up to the present time (March), when, of course, whatever is in the frame will be cleared out to make room for the annuals and vegetable plants already mentioned. A still further sowing of lettuce made about October rst \will not give very large plants during the winter, but they will be well established and strong for transplanting in the earliest spring into hotbeds, or for planting out in the garden. Those intended for hotbeds may be transplanted any time after February rst, giving heads for use in April. Among the early spring vegetables, spinach is one of the most welcome and one of the most easily grown with the assistance of the coldframes, sowing the seed in January in the place from which the first crop of let- tuce has been removed. Norfolk Savoy spinach I have found well adapted -for frame culture, and from seed sown January 5th is ready for use April 1st. Seeds are sown in drills eight inches apart, the bed being not over eight inches from the glass at the lowest point, which also is the proper arrangement for lettuce; so the one crop follows the other without any alteration of the seed-bed. The soil, of course, must have been thor- oughly enriched with well-rotted manure in the fall. If this has been done, the spinach crop will yield up to the last days of May, or within two weeks of the time when the outside crop is ready for use. About the first of April is time to sow These should be in pots so that melons. A blind and shouldered mortise joint gives little chance for water to enter and prevents rot 80 INCLUDING VIOLETS FOR CHRISTMAS— ECONOMY OF UP-TO-DATE CONSTRUCTION i “4 AE Gs Ahan WS ar Combined coldframe, hotbed, and pit with ma- sonry walls. Almost as good as a greenhouse they may be transplanted without disturb- ance of the roots. Seeds had best be started in 2-inch pots, shifting into 4-inch pots as soon as the first are filled with roots. Some of the plants thus started can be shifted later into the open ground, but for the very earliest results select the strongest growing plants for continued growth under the sash, planting two in a hill in the center of each sash as soon as the spinach is cleared off. Early melons are particularly appreciated, and are not difficult to raise if you bear in mind always that the plants are easily chilled. Therefore keep the sash on the frames dur- ing the day as well as night until the plants are thoroughly well started in the bed. Emerald Gem is a reliable melon for frame culture, and started on the first of April should give fruits from July roth and until the outdoor crop is ready for use in August. This rotation of crops is an easy and com- plete one for the twelve months, occupying the frames all the time. The only special attention needed is during the winter when there are more than five de- grees of frost. Then put some sort of cov- ering or protection over the glass. Mats of straw (the making of which was de- scribed in the February, 1906, GARDEN MaGaAZzINneE) or of burlap can be used, the latter being the most lasting, and those made 6 x 6 ft., with waterproof duck on one side, are the best. When the temperature falls very much be- low freezing, place wooden shutters over the mats, which will not only help to hold the latter snugly in place, but keep the weight of snow and ice from pressing too heavily upon the frames. The shutters are also easily re- moved. The sides of the frames should be banked up all around with rough manure, leaves, or salt hay, or any sort of convenient mulch to help keep out the frost. That is the essential point. For if once the frost is allowed to enter the frame, everything else is done in vain. SOME OTHER POSSIBILITIES But the possibilities of coldframes are by no means summed up in the rotation just Marcn, 1909 See how the through mortise will rot outlined. The possession of a coldframe opens up a great field of opportunities. For instance: Do you want violets? And there is no more delightful flower in the winter. Plant rooted cuttings in the frame in July, allowing ten inches in each direction for the double kinds and twelve inches for the singles. Before planting violets, work over the soil thoroughly, incorporating with it at For shifting around use the frame made with dovetailed joints and angle-iron corners least one-fourth its bulk of thoroughly well- rotted horse or cow manure. After plant- ing, cover the frames with lattice shades to break the direct rays of the sun, for violets revel in cool air. If they are once properly started, further attention during the summer will consist of merely an occasional water- ing and slight cultivation of the surface of the soil, breaking off all runners and decayed leaves. About the middle of October flowers will begin appearing, and should continue until Christmas time. In a mild winter, such as that through which we have just passed, when the plants can be exposed to light and air almost daily, the preduction of flowers will continue all winter. In severe seasons, when the frames have to be protected and subsequently darkened, the plants may be counted upon to start flowering again by the first of March and continue until the first of May. Pansies may be wintered over in the same way as violets, but do not require a like amount of protection. For flowers during winter sow seed about June 15th, and for the early spring flowering a month later. Cauliflower may be planted in frames where pansies have been all winter, first re- newing the soil to at least twelve inches. Plants should be procured from a florist, in order to get them large and well estab- lished. Eight plants to sash is about right. They will be ready for use about the middle of May. One of the most useful and easily grown THE GARDEN MAGAZINE crops of all is Swiss chard. Sow it between July 15th and the first dog days. When it is cold enough to put on the sash, the outside leaves will be up above the frames. Cut these leaves back and you will have a cut- and-come-again crop pretty much all winter. Ii you want tomatoes a month ahead of the man next door, get well-established potted plants from a florist the middle of March or first of April, and transplant them in the frames, three to a sash, down the cen- tre. If, when the plants get so tall they strike the sash, it is still too cool to leave the sash off altogether, raise them up on NN fi Ventilate the frame by raising the sash on the leesideorend. Use lattice to break the sun’s heat stilts six inches or so from the plants. Cut off all laterals and tie the one stem to a stake. Leave them right in the frames. When the month of roses comes, at the first joint of the vines will be ripe fruit, the next just ripening, while the topmost one will be in bloom. POINTS IN ‘‘CONSTRUCTION”’ A coldframe is essentially a bottomless box set on the earth and covered with glass. Anyone can make such a thing and get some results, but I am thoroughly convinced that for systematic work it never pays to use ““make-shift affairs”” — you simply lose time and money. If you want results with cold- frames — absolutely satisfactory, reimbursing results—then at least buy sash that are especially made for the purpose. They will be constructed to last, to cast the least possible 81 The simplest kind of stay-nails or dowels and the cross-bar “‘cut in,’’ a weak point shade, and be hght to handle. If you want to be sure of the sash sliding perfectly and resting tightly on the frames, buy your frames also. The efficiency of a coldframe depends entirely upon its conserving the sun’s heat. Hotbeds, on the contrary, have sub-frames which confine a closely packed bed of manure the fermenting of which gives off enough heat to the soil above to sufficiently warm the frames in the very midst of winter, and carry them six weeks to two months without need of replenishing. The least expensive frame is all wood, and of good quality; two-sash size costs $7.50, or say $30 for a frame of five, all complete with sash. Sap-free cypress has been found to be the most enduring of woods for the purpose. Greater strength and portability are secured by having the corners joined by angle irons bolted or screwed in place. The rafter bars placed between each sash, and upon which they must slide, should be dovetailed into the front and back of frame, and will then require no nailing, which makes them readily removable should you want to take the frame down to change its location — a thing that often occurs. This dove-tailing also insures its exact position, so the sash will not bind at any point. In this five-sash frame the writer has raised violets all winter. Note the windbreak hedge Use mats to cover Frost must be kept out! the frames and shutters on top so snow can be removed easily Drip grooves had best be provided on the upper part of the rafters under the sash, to carry off the condensation moisture, which otherwise falls back on the plants, often to their injury. If you want a sub-frame to hold the man- ure (making it a hotbed), dig out about three feet deep all around, and set a 2 x 4 postin each corner and nail your boards toit. Bet- ter have them not less than two inches thick if you want strength and endurance. The most substantial construction, that will last practically for all time, is made with masonry walls covered on top with a cast- iron capping to which T iron rafters are bolted for supporting the sash. Moreover, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE it is more nearly frost proof. By making it five or six feet deep, it can be used as an ad- mirable storage pit for hydrangeas, palms, semi-hardy roses, bulbs, azaleas, and so on. Such a frame or pit, complete, may cost nearly two hundred dollars for five sash, in- cluding masonry and excavating. If at any time you want to temporarily convert it into a coldfirame or hotbed, all you need do is put in a false bottom sixteen inches from the ground line if for a cold- frame, and three feet for the hotbed. This bottom can easily be arranged by placing 2x4 inch hemlock joist along the sides of the frame and resting on legs made of the same material. It is better to brace the legs apart by nailing on light strips. (I use shingle lath.) Then all you have to do is get your loose boards, place them crosswise on the frame work, and it is ready for put- ting in the soil. Hemlock boards 14 x to in. will answer, but be sure to saw them a little short and also leave at least a half inch be- tween the boards in laying, so they can swell without twisting out of shape. When the frame is again wanted for storage, and more head room is required, you have but to remove the boards — and all is in shape again. Marcu, 1909 All modern improvements, including masonry walls and heating pipe. is a great convenience, from the house The clear space at back and receivés snow, etc., Even in the construction of the sash there are points to be remembered. The ordi- nary open mortise will endure less than half the term of years of the sunk style, where the mortise does not go clear through. Sash of the latter type in use eighteen years are sound and watertight to-day. Again look at the strengthening cross-piece. If of wood, cut into the rafters and fastened by nail or dowel, there is an evident weak- ness at the very centre; but a slender iron rod run through adds strength, and be- sides cannot cast any appreciable shade on the plants —a small factor; one not to be ignored, however, in the dullest months of the year. Getting Quality in the Egg-plant—By E. D. Darlington IF YOU DO NOT GROW THIS VEGETABLE WITH REGARD TO ITS TROPICAL NATURE YOU DO NOT KNOW WHAT DELICACY MEANS—IT CAN BE GROWN TILL FROST IF STARTED PROPERLY a MY thinking the fruit of the egg- plant is one of the most delightful products of the well-supplied garden. The Italian name of ‘‘delicatesse” seems to be most appropriate. Freshly gathered fruit, grown and developed in warm sunshine and properly cooked, surpasses in deli- cacy and flavor anything in the line of fried young squashes or simlins. But it is essentially a hot-climate plant, and can only be had in perfection when its nature is un- derstood and the proper conditions given. These are a rich, mellow, deep, warm soil and an adequate supply of water. The plants must be started in heat, and never allowed to suffer a check. Better, indeed, defer planting a few days than to run the risk of shock by chills. Since it is such a lover of warmth, and must be kept in quick, strong growth from the start, a moderately warm greenhouse or a hotbed is an essential for starting the plants in a northern climate. By starting the seeds in February or the first part of March, you should have fruits for use by the last of July, and the plants should continue to bear until killed by freez- ing in the fall. Plant the seeds thinly in rich compost. The bed or greenhouse where the seed is sown should have a temperature of about 60 degrees at night. ‘The hotbed should be covered with mats or old carpet at night during severe cold weather. In sowing the seed in a greenhouse I use shallow boxes or flats about three inches deep, filled with a very rich, light compost, such as old manure from a hotbed passed through an ordinary coal sieve. This makes a spongy, loose seed- bed that holds moisture and promotes quick growth. As soon as the plants show one or two true leaves, transplant them to flower- pots three inches in diameter, or to the hot- Black Beauty, probably the best variety for the amateur. Dark color, fairly early and productive asd € 1 ‘ 4 bed, setting them six inches apart, so that they will have plenty of room in which to grow. In potting, use the same rich com- post as for the seed-box; it is almost impos- sible to overfeed if the manure is thoroughly rotted. When planted in the three-inch pots it will probably be necessary to repot them to larger pots or boxes before they can be planted out. Do not allow the young plants to suffer any check in growth by becoming root-bound or from the soil becoming too dry, as the stem or stalk will become hardened and the plants dwarfed in growth. Give each plant plenty of room, and keep the soil constantly moist, but not muddy from over watering. If grown in a hotbed the surface of the soil between the young plants must be stirred frequently, both to admit air to the roots and to enable it to dry out quickly. Neglecting this is frequently the cause of young seedlings rotting in the seed-bed or boxes, as a hard crust forms on the top of the soil and it is impossible to properly judge of the condition of moisture underneath. PLANTING IN THE GARDEN Do not set out the plants in the open ground until the nights become quite warm and the trees are fully in leaf. For the average fam- ily a dozen well-grown plants should give a good supply of fruits, but I like to set fifty or sixty plants each season; the rows three feet apart, in the sunniest place in the Marcu, 1909 garden, a space of two feet being allowed for each plant. Before setting, a hole one foot deep and one foot across is dug for each plant, with six inches of well-rotted manure or rich compost placed in the bottom. The potted plants are then carried out to the rows, each plant carefully removed from the pot and set directly on the compost or on a thin covering of fine soil, disturbing the roots as little as possible. Fillin around the plants with fine soil, packing it firmly around the stem so as to hold the plant in an erect posi- tion. Ifthe ground is dry at time of planting, pour one or two quarts of water on the com- post in each hole before setting the plant, and then draw the dry soil in around the plant; this is a much better plan than to water after the plants have been set. I have seen well-hardened young plants with- The early varieties, smaller than the later ones, are best for the Northern States. Purple and Early Long Purple Early Round stand a severe frost after they had been planted out on well-drained ground, and although the lower leaves turned yellow and dropped off the plants recovered and made a good growth and a large crop of fine fruits. CULTIVATION As soon as the plants have taken root in the soil, or about a week after they have been planted out, make the surrounding soil as fine and loose as possible with a hoe or small rake, repeating the treatment once or twice a week until the bushes are of good size and the fruits starting to form. In ad- dition to the hand hoeing directly around the plants the soil between the rows is worked and made fine with the horse cultivator at least once a week. — When there is danger of frost in the fall the plants may be covered with carpet or other material and the fruiting season pro- longed until severe cold weather sets in, but my plan is to go over the plants when I expect a hard freeze and cut off all the fruits of two inches or more in diameter, putting THE GARDEN MAGAZINE them in slatted crates in the cellar. Treated in this way, many of the fruits can be kept in good condition for several weeks. The only insect which bothers the egg-plant is the striped potato beetle, and this is easily kept in check by hand picking or by light applications of Paris green during the earlier stages of growth, before the fruits develop. FINAL PREPARATION A great deal of the ultimate quality on the table depends upon the freshness and crisp- ness of the fruit. To have it at the best, go into the garden early in the morning and select one or more half-grown fruits, having a glossy lustrous skin, and in which the seeds have not started to develop. Sever them from the plant with a sharp knife — do not pull them, as that might bruise the flesh or skin — take them at once to the kitchen where they are sliced into half-inch layers, and at once fried in hot fat deep enough to float them, the skin-being first removed in a thin paring. All cook-book receipts call for a dipping in beaten egg and then cracker or bread crumbs, but to my mind this only serves to hold additional grease, and greatly detracts from the natural delicacy and rich- ness of flavor. Another old-time way of preparing them was to slice and pare the fruit in the evening, salt slightly, and then put a weight on them to draw out as much of the juice as possible; but this is quite as unreasonable as the German way of slicing cucumbers and soaking them in salt water all day to take out the cucumber taste. MAIN CROP VARIETIES The type most generally grown is the New York Improved, which makes a large, thick fruit, having a purple skin of satin-like lustre. In the original type the stem and thick green calyx were set with short sharp spines or prickles, which also appeared to some ex- tent on the stalks and under side of the leaves. These spines or prickles have, by continued selection of seed parents, been entirely elimi- nated and the spineless type is now most gen- erally offered. White Pearl is identical with the New York Improved in growth, size, and form of fruit and flavor, but the skin is unattrac- tive, being a pale greenish-yellow. Black Beauty is a development of the New York Improved, nearly two weeks earlier in fruiting, and having a very dark or rich pur- plish-black skin. On account of its rich coloring, early fruiting, and productiveness itis probably the best all-round variety. Florida High Bush. This is a tall, strong- growing plant from three to four feet in height. Very popular in the extreme South, where it is very productive, but the summer in the North is not long enough for it to develop fruit. SOME OF THE EARLY KINDS Early Round Purple is the earliest of all and chiefly desirable for growing in the short, cool summers of the Northern States, as it takes quite a number of these small fruits to equal one of the larger New York Improved type. It makes branching, purple- The largest, heaviest fruits are of the New York type; modern selections are spineless, too stemmed bushes about eighteen inches high, and bearing a large number of black-skinned fruits, about three inches long and two inches in diameter, and of very fine flavor. Karly Long Purple is similar in growth and fruiting to the Early Round, but possibly not quite as early, and differing otherwise only in having larger and more elongated fruits. There are also several Japanese varieties of this type having fruits from eight to twelve inches in length, and in diameter from one to one and a half inches. These are grown only as curiosities. Jersey Belle is a new variety which orig- inated at the New Jersey Experiment Station grounds, a cross between the New York Improved type and the Early Long Purple, and bears a large fruit which is longer than the ordinary market fruits. It is claimed that the flavor is distinctly finer than that of the large oval fruited sorts. Black Pekin is one of the old varieties, having a nearly round, very dark-skinned fruit of only fair size. It is chiefly esteemed for earliness. By continued selection an absolutely spineless type of eggplant has been developed and is most generally offered The Relatives of the Poppy —By Leonard Barron, %% THESE COMPRISE A HANDFUL OF PLANTS WITH SHOWY FLOWERS OF SINGULAR BEAUTY, WHICH MAY BE GROWN st Recee whole poppy family is remarkable for its very bright or strikingly showy flowers. The true poppies give us the most notable, gorgeous, large red flowers of the herbaceous garden. They are tran- scendently beautiful in the perennial oriental poppy, but so emphatic and so dazzling as to make the plant a somewhat dangerous subject in garden effects, except when used sparingly, to give occasional tone and re- lief in stretches of shrubbery. Equally brilliant, but more delicate and fragile in appearance, the corn poppy has its own place in the annual garden, and a hint of the beautiful colorings of the other members of this gorgeous family may be seen in some of the varieties of the Iceland and Alpine poppies. While red is the dominating color of the poppies, gorgeous yellow is the striking characteristic of most of the allied members, a few, however, being equally striking white flowers, and in one of the Indian genera, Meconopsis, almost every other color of the spectrum. Of wonderful silky or satiny texture, one can almost tell from a glance at the petals whether a given plant is one of the poppy allies; and the relationship is carried generally in the foliage, which is either glaucous or set with coarse hairs. So marked, indeed, is the family relationship that nearly all the other members have been given popular names as being some form of poppy, such as horned, prickly, Matilija, and so forth. One striking exception to the even tenor of things occurs in the plume poppy, which, entirely devoid of petals, makes a plumy or The California poppy (/schscholzia Californica), the most important hardy annual, having flowers of orange yellow IN ANY GARDEN, The plume poppy (Bocconia cordatu), the most im- portant tall perennial of the family. Flowers white and plumy, no petals feathery mass, with a profusion of stamens, recalling the general effect of the thalictrums. An interesting peculiarity that is character- istic of the entire poppy family is that the ’ flowers shed their sepals immediately upon opening, and further, they all have milky, colored, or specially acrid juice. Aside from any individual preference as to situation and soil, as noted below, the successful cultiva- tion of the poppy allies, as a group, seems to rely upon observing these two factors: Fresh seed, and not transplanting. TWO GOOD GARDEN ANNUALS To the amateur, the most important and most interesting relative of the real poppy is its yellow-flowered companion of the Pacific Coast, Eschscholzia Californica — the California poppy — a plant that anyone can grow, being of the easiest culture, and thriv- ing in almost any sort of soil. The Cali- fornia poppy is one of the few Pacific Coast plants that is absolutely at home when re- moved to the Eastern States, perfectly hardy, and even self-sowing at times. Although considered here, and usually treated, as an annual in our gardens, the California poppy is really a perennial, and plants may be carried over from year to year if well pro- tected, such plants giving bloom very early the following spring. On account of the peculiarly glaucous, bluish foliage, it is one of the most valuable plants for edging purposes, and it flowers over a considerable period. The large flowers, two to three inches 84 IF ONLY ATTENTION BE GIVEN TO TWO SMALL DETAILS across, which open in the sunshine, are pro- duced in great profusion, and have a tone of brilliant yellow or orange that is unmatched by any other hardy annual. It is interest- ing to note the method in which the ex- tinguisher-like cone, formed by the sepals, is pushed off entire by the expanding flower. Several varieties have been introduced from time to time, including some almost, but not quite, white; one double form, and more recently, the Burbank varieties, in which a pinkish color has been considerably developed. Other varieties show variation in the foliage and other characters of the plant. The only other annual genus, from a horticultural standpoint, that is of great im- portance, is the prickly poppies, Argemone. The best-known species is A. Mexicana, which has leaves and stems uncommonly like those of the common thistle. The plant grows one to two feet high, but has a sprawling, somewhat ungracious habit. The flowers are borne on very short stems, about two inches across, orange or lemon colored. A native of tropical America, it has become naturalized in the Eastern States and in the Old World. The variety most commonly grown is ochroleuca, with much paler flowers. Growing slightly taller — to about three feet — and practically destitute of prickles, except on the pod, is A. grandiflora, with white flowers — a very useful border plant of easy culture, and very useful where any loose- habited, glaucous-leaved plant is wanted. Its cultural peculiarity is a mild disaffection for moist soils; in the Southern States in dry The Matilija poppy (Romneya UVoulleri), most beau- tiful and largest-flowered relative, but difficult to grow Marcu, 1909 ‘The tree poppy (Dendromecon rigidum) is the only true shrub, attaining ten feet in California situations it becomes a hardy perennial. There is an especially spiny form of this, var. hispida. poppy this should be sown where it is to stand, as it shares the peculiarity common to the poppy family of disliking transplanting. Give a light soil and full sun. Inferior to the California poppy in vigor of growth, in brilliancy and variety of color, and in size of flowers, is the cream cups (P/a- tystemon Californicus), which is frequently confused with Eschscholzia as the ‘Cali- fornia poppy.” Its chief interest lies in the fact that it is one of the few members of the poppy family having entire leaves; and further, that the petals, instead of falling, wither and remain attached to the ripening fruit. It does not appear to be of easy culti- vation in the East. Very similar is the closely allied genus Platystigma, which is also Californian. The flowers are smaller, less than an inch across, and pale yellow. This genus does not seem to be offered in any of the American seed catalogues, and is, in all probability, difficult of cultivation. THE TWO SHRUBBY KINDS The delicate beauty and immense flower of the Matilija poppy (Romneya Coulteri) is matched only by the single Moutan peonies. Not so large as they, however, the absolute purity of the white petals, with their pecu- liarly crimped texture, surrounding a great cluster of prominent yellow stamens, and delicate fragrance (recalling that of the magnolia), places the Matilija poppy on a par with it, if, indeed, it is not superior in actual beauty —a shrubby perennial, with deeply cut, glaucous foliage, that does not come to its own because of certain difficul- ties in its cultivation. Not generally con- sidered hardy in the East, it is grown suc- cessfully in Westchester County, N. Y., and in northern New Jersey. Romneya is difficult to transplant because Equally with the California - THE GARDEN MAGAZINE it has very few fibrous roots. It has been transplanted successfully when cut to the ground before lifting, and the operation done just before it starts into growth but is still dormant. Surely it is well worth the effort to try to grow this beautiful plant with its flower as large as that of the oriental poppy. The great secret of its success is to get fresh seed, which germinates slowly. Give it a warm, deep, well-drained loam, if possible one overlying rocks. But in regions where the plant is not hardy, the trouble and uncertainty of handling the seed is often more than the final result may be worth. The only true shrub in the poppy family is another California genus, Dendromecon, or tree poppy, which popular name, however, is sometimes applied to the preceding genus. I do not know of anyone in the East who has succeeded in growing this plant, which is only successfully grown in a few isolated spots, even in England. Normally, the flowers are bright yellow, up to three inches in diameter. The plant is said to attain a height of ten feet. THE BEST LOW PERENNIAL HERB The nearest approach that Eastern gar- dens can have to this giant tree poppy is the erect-growing, herbaceous perennial, Hunne- manma fumariejolia, usually treated as an annual, however. It attains a height of three feet or less, and throughout the season is literally covered with its profusely produced The blood root (Sanguinaria Canadensis) one of the earliest spring flowers, and a valuable rockery plant $5 Hunnemannia (ZH. fumariefolia). A profuse bloom- ing herbaceous perennial, having yellow flowers all the year wi a bright yellow flowers, like small;editions of the California poppy, to whitch’ it shows a distinct alliance, also, in its finely cut and glaucous foliage. Sow seed early in May, and from the middle of July until hard frost the bed will never be without flowers. It is one of the most showy, larger-growing, hardy annuals, that may be wintered over with moderate protection, although it is so easily raised from seed that it hardly pays to do so. It can be grown in the open border in any ordinary garden soil. THREE WHITE-FLOWERED PLANTS The horned poppies (Glaucium) are a straggly looking lot of plants, mostly bien- nials — some are perennials — but the two species that are found in gardens are usually grown as annuals. They are low-branched herbs, attaining a height of from one to two feet, with somewhat succulent stems and large flowers of orange-yellow varying to reddish and purple. The flowers fade quickly, but are borne in quick succession. Their proper place in the garden is for foliage effects in so-called sub-tropical beds and borders. ‘The long, horn-like seed-pod is very characteristic. Grown in an open, sunny situation, they will thrive in any sort of good soil. They may be raised by seed sown in the open air. There are two species — one, /utewm, has yellow flowers; the other, corniculatum, red or purplish, with a black spot at the base of the petals. The rarest of the hardy herbaceous peren- nials of the poppy family is the Eastern or cyclamen poppy (Eomecon chionantha), having white flowers two inches across, borne one foot high on reddish stalks. The ‘‘ Cyclopedia of American Horticulture” states that ‘‘this plant is destined to no great popularity, but interesting to lovers of hardy borders.” It is hardy in the neighborhood 86 of New York, and would seem to merit at- tention from plant lovers who like some- thing a little out of the ordinary run. The root-stocks are creeping, like those of our native bloodroot, and increase rapidly. The leaves are all straight from the root, heart-shaped, and very much like those of the cyclamen. William Robinson, in ‘The English Flower Garden,” speaks of the cyclamen poppy as being effective as a car- peting plant beneath tea roses. The native bloodroot (Sanguinaria Cana- densis) is almost too well known to need more than mere, calling attention to. It is one of the most highly esteemed of our wild flowers, and its peculiar, mealy-white foliage and flower scapes bursting through the Horned poppy (Glauciwn luteum) makes a good light edging plant. Note the curved seed pods ground in early spring, possess a peculiarity that is shared in by no other plant. The solitary, white flowers, borne four to six inches above the ground, are one inch across, and are sometimes inclined to a pinkish tinge. It thrives in moist bottom land, and likes a well- drained, but open, rich soil. It is one of the best plants for rockeries, and should never be grown in open places where its spreading is likely to become troublesome, as the creeping root-stocks will run easily be- yond imaginary boundaries. The bloodroot is one of the showiest of our spring flowers, and although usually found in woodlands, is not a true shade- loving plant. The flowers are produced. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE best time to transplant is after the leaves have ripened, or while in full flower. It is also of- fered in nurseries. There is a double variety having more numerous and narrower petals, but I think the typical form is preferable. TWO YELLOW-FLOWERED DWARFS The common celandine (Chelidonium majus), now run wild in waste places, is an old-time garden plant, a low-growing herb, with small, yellow flowers produced in um- bels. It cannot be regarded as a valuable garden plant, but is interesting because of its associations. The name suggests that it might probably be called the ‘swallow flower.” The whole plant is brittle, hairy, and the leaves are a light, glaucous green underneath. It grows almost anywhere. Somewhat resembling this, but much finer In every respect, with larger, brighter yellow flowers produced freely all the sum- mer, and making, indeed, quite a showy plant, is the celandine poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum), which makes a stout root-stock. The plant is a hardy perennial one foot high, and makes large, solid clumps. The flowers, two inches across, are produced in clusters of three or five in Mayand June. One can grow the celandinepoppyinanyrich, loose soil, especially if in partial shade, but it will - thriveinreasonably loose soil even inthe open. THE ONE GOOD TALL-GROWING PERENNIAL Among the best dozen tall-growing, her- baceous perennials of absolute hardiness, the plume poppy (Bocconia cordata) would surely find a place. For, growing six to eight feet high, it serves a purpose in the garden that is filled by no other plant of similar hardi- ness and general character. The flowers are borne in great, plumy, terminal feath- ery masses high above the large, bold foliage. For semi-wild and wild effects, the plume poppy is one of our very best plants. It also makes an equally well-furnished plant as a single lawn specimen, and again for massed groups for distant effects, it is equally satisfactory. What, then, areits demerits? Only this one thing do I know: That its greatest fault arises from its greatest virtue. A field of California poppies (Fschscholzia Californica), showing the profusion in which the large yellow In the east it does almost as well Marcu, 1909 A favorite Flowers white, leaves Mexican poppy (Argemone Mexicana). plant in annual borders. thistle-like So free-growing it is that, through its rapid spreading by suckers, it may overrun the entire plantation. It should never be placed in situations that are likely to be much dis- turbed, because every little piece of a sucker broken off will make a strong plant in a single season. One will be much surprised at the stupendous growth that the plume poppy will make if planted in very rich soil, the suckers cut off, and the clump fed extravagantly with liquid manure in thespring. Onthebordersof woodlands or as a means of quickly planting out fallen tree trunks, etc., noplantis superior. THE DIGNIFIED INDIAN POPPY The Indian poppy (Meconopsis), appar- ently not known in American gardens, is another tall-growing biennial, comparable only to the hollyhock, carrying its flowers the entire length of the stem, and of beauti- ful colors, ranging from pale yellow to bright reddish and violet. There is, however, one representative sometimes met— the Welsh poppy (M. Cambrica), a peren- nial attaining aheight of only one foot, and bearing nodding, pale yellow flowers in summer. It re- calls very much, in its general appear- ance, Argemone, without the prickly leaves. It grows well in ordinary garden soil if given a sunny situation, and besides being raised from seed, may be propagated by division. Edible Beans a Yard: Long—By Henry Maxwell Connec- ticut NOT A MERE CURIOSITY, BUT A GOOD VEGETABLE OF WHICH THE LONG, SLENDER PODS ARE COOKED AND EATEN LIKE ASPARAGUS pANY man who is careful of his reputation . for veracity is inclined to shy away from writing about beans a yard long, for the idea seems preposterous on the face of it; yet there is a pretty good vegetable known as the asparagus bean, which often has pods two to four feet long. ‘These pods are not valued for their seeds, as the ordinary white beans are, since the seeds are few and far be- tween; but the whole pods are boiled and eaten like asparagus, or like the sugar podded peas. The accompanying photograph, made in Southern California, shows the extraordinary length and slenderness of the pods and the quantity of pods that may be expected in a warm country. ‘The smaller the product, the better the quality,” is the general rule among vegetables, and there is no special point in allowing these beans to grow more than a foot and a half long, as the best pods for cooking are the tender young ones. These pods are usually straight, but some- times take very curious twists and turns, so that the specific name of this vegetable (it is called WDolichos sesquipedalis) seems doubly appropriate, for the Latin word ‘‘ses- quipedalis” means ‘‘a foot and a half long,” and the very act of pronouncing it requires a certain contortion. I shall not seriously recommend the as- paragus bean for northern gardens in com- petition with the lima bean, as I believe the latter has greater food value and produces the crop in less time. The asparagus bean is easy to grow and is cultivated like the lima bean, but it requires so long a growing season that it is better adapted to the warmer parts of the United States. It is only the largest seedsmen who offer seeds of the asparagus bean, and generally the catalogues call it “‘French Yard-Long.” There is also a Chinese form called the Tau Kok, which is practically the same. The plant grows six to nine feet high, but it must be supported upon poles, as it is a twiner. The flowers are not showy, but are rather interesting. ‘They are rather large, greenish-yellow, and roughly resemble those of the sweet pea, but the standard is bent backward and the flower is remarkable for having two small parallel, ear-like appen- dages, which compress the wings and the keel. A very interesting relative of the asparagus bean is the hyacinth bean (Dolichos Lablab), which is cultivated for ornament, because of its showy purple flowers and short, but handsome, pods. This is an excellent an- nual vine, sometimes attaining twenty feet in good garden soil. The foliage is attractive and the leaf consists of three ovate leaflets. It is hard to find, even in the best horti- cultural books, any frank statement of the limitations of any vegetable or ornamental plant. I hope that this article will induce some Southern gardener to tell us more about the comparative yield, flavor, and cul- tivation of the asparagus and other beans. Another interesting and unusual vegetable which will appeal to anyone who is anxious to experiment is found in the sugar or edible-podded peas, which might be grown under the same conditions and on the same support as some of these beans. In Southern California the asparagus bean grows pods four feet long which are cooked and eaten whole. 87 In the East pods may reach one and a half feet 88 Chrysanthemums in Georgia ew plants produce so beautiful a dis- play of large flowers with as little trouble to the grower as the chrysanthemum, and their already great popularity with Southern people is rapidly increasing. In this section, chrysanthemums will succeed on any garden soil if planted in a sunny situation, but their preference is for a rich loamy soil that is neither too dry nor too wet. Two or three weeks before planting, spade up the soil at least a foot deep and spread well-decayed manure over it, digging it in at once. Select and order the plants at least The large-flowered chrysanthemum is one of the best border flowers in the South, succeeding every- where. Plant in March two or three weeks before they are actually needed, and specify exactly when you want to have them sent. By sending your order in early you will get better plants, for the first orders received are usually the first ones filled. Always buy the named sorts. Plants can be set out at almost any time during the winter when the soil is not frozen, provided they are covered lightly with straw, but the best time for this work is during, the early spring. I prefer March to any other month. Where the bed is to be devoted to chry- santhemums only, and the soil is not very wet, set the plants eighteen inches or two feet apart each way; but if they are to grow TEE, GyAR DN MGA Gear; in a mixed border, allow a space of sixteen inches. Be careful to firm the soil about each plant and shade the plants for about a week after they are planted out. When they begin their growth keep the soil free from weeds and grass by giving a thorough cultivation at least every two or three weeks until the first of September. During the hot, dry weather the plants must be mulched with oat straw or green grass to keep the soil cool and to aid in hold- ing the moisture. If it becomes necessary to water the plants in order to keep their growth from being checked, make trenches on one side of each row three or four inches deep, five or six inches wide, and the length of the row, and apply the water in these trenches late in the evening two or three times a week. Allow at least a gallon of water for each plant, and cover over the trenches after the water has thoroughly soaked into the soil. Remember that a light watering is worse than none. To keep the plants from being beaten down by the wind and to hold the flowers well up from the soil, put astrong stake in the ground at each plant and tie the plant toit loosely. If big flowers are desired, do not allow more than three shoots to a large plant and two to a small one, though better re- sults are had with just one to a plant. Keep all the buds cut off except one or two of the central ones to each shoot. Give liquid manure (or nitrate of soda) every week or two from the middle of August until large- sized buds have formed, allowing: one gallon of liquid manure (or one-half ounce of nitrate of soda ina gallon of water) to each plant. The flowers produced are about double the size of those not disbudded and given the fertilizer. After the flowering season, spread coarse, straw manure lightly around each plant, not only to protect them from possible freezing, but also to ‘aid in promoting a rapid, healthy, sturdy growth the following spring. A Trial Ground for Cotton Ces would certainly be a paying crop if Southern farmers would plant only the best improved seed. You will find it cheaper in the end to pay as much as a dollar a bushel for seed, provided, of course, that the variety purchased is suited to your soil and section. Have your own trial patch and buy the seed from a reliable grower near by. Small packets containing two or three ounces of seed can be obtained, how- ever, from almost any seed house for five or ten cents apiece. Continue the trial patch from year to year, and experiment with seed corn as well as with cotton. If you expect to give the improved seeds a trial, it would be better to order them now. The cotton and corn culture bulletins of the various state experiment stations are also very helpful in selecting varieties for planting. They are free, and anyone can have them sent to him regularly by ap- plying to the director of his state experiment station. Marcu, 1909 Fertilize fruit trees, vines, shade trees, rose bushes, and other shrubs now. Don’t spread the fertilizer too close to the tree or vine, and do not leave it unmixed with the soil. In that condition it will be likely to injure the trees. A fertilizer rich in nitrogenous matters should be used when a great amount of growth is desired; but if flowers or fruit are wanted, use a fertilizer rich in potash and phosphoric acid. In my opinion the frame cucumber is the best for the table. Plant the seed the last week in the month in open ground, as in this vicinity it must be started early to succeed in open ground. If cool, frosty weather comes, spread thick paper over them at night. Keep the soil loose and free from weeds and the plants well supplied with water during dry weather. They will produce fine fruit over a long season pro- vided none is allowed to ripen. Georgia. Tuomas J. STEED. ANNVALFLOWERS A Seed-Bed for Annual Flowers | eae of scattering seed broadcast when making your garden, why not make a little seed-bed and transplant from that the largest and best plants as, they are needed elsewhere ? If you sow seed broadcast the plants will come up too close together, and few people have the moral courage to thin them out properly —it seems such a waste of good material — but if it is not done promptly and rigorously the result is sure to be spindly plants and few flowers. Make a seed-bed for your annual flowers in a shaded place near the house, where you can watch it daily. Transplant from this whenever gaps in the garden occur, and see if you do not get better results. New Jersey. GEORGE JACKSON. Make a seed-bed for starting plants, from which you can transplant later as gaps occur elsewhere Marcu, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 89 Bigger garden results with half the work Planet Jr. Implements do the work quicker, better, and cheaper than gardening by hand or any other method. ‘They are ingenious practi- cal garden-tools invented by a farmer who wanted to get bigger crops with less labor. | Made according to his own ideas—the result of over thirty-five years actual farming and manufacturing experience. Now used by over two million farmers and gardeners. Planet Jr. Implements are the greatest labor-savers and crop-producers ever put into a garden. ‘Light, strong, and lasting. Fully guaranteed. ~ Planet Jr. Garden Implements No. 25 Hill and Drill Seeder, Double-Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow (shown above) combines every useful tool in one strong, light, easy-running, simply-adjusted implement. Opens the furrow, sows the seed accurately in drills, or in hills 4 to 24 inches apart, covers, rolls, and marks out the next row; and does thorough work as a double- wheel hoe, cultivator and plow. No. 4 Planet Jr. Combined Seeder and Wheel Hoe (illustrated below at he left) saves time, labor, seed, and money. Changed in a twinkling to an Adjustable Hill-dropping Seeder, Continuous Drill Seeder, Single- Wheel Hoe, Furrower, Cultivator, Weeder, or Wheel Garden Plow—each tool the finest of its kind. Pays for itself quickly, even in small gardens. No. 12 Planet Jr. Double-Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow (illustrated below at the right) is the handiest implement ever made for practical gadening. Adjustable from 4 to 11 inches apart and works equal- ly well astride or between rows. All cultivating parts are of high-carbon steel to keep keen edge. Equipped with a variety of attachments for many kinds of work. Our new 56-page catalogue for 1909 illustrates and fully describes 45 kinds of Planet Jr. implements for the garden and farm. Free for the asking. Write today. SL Allen & Co Box 1108s Philadelphia Pa 90 Some Garden Annuals that will Self - sow NYTHING that self-sows makes a strong appeal to the amateur be- cause of the saving of time, effort, and expense for seed, with the certainty of re- sults. Some annual flowers that may be relied upon to reappear after having been once sown are obviously valuable in the hardy border. The wisest way to start a bed for these flowers is to set aside a strip of ground about a yard wide and of any length, procure the best possible seed, and sow it not too thickly. As the plants bloom all those showing flowers of un- desirable shapes and colors should be pulled out as soon as discovered. Keep the ground well weeded and worked early in the season so that as the seeds ripen they will have a mellow spot upon which to fall. After the ground freezes in the fall a covering of coarse material should be placed over the entire bed, removing it before the plants start into life in the spring. After the late- starting. sorts have had a chance to show, the finest plants are transplanted to form rows or borders elsewhere, the poorer plants, properly thinned, being left in the bed to supply cut flowers. Cornflowers furnish one of the rarest colors seen in gardens — a bright, clear blue — but the second generation often shows new and attractive combinations. Twenty dif- ferent shades have been counted in a self- sown garden, among them pure white, bright pink, a dark dahlia-like red, laven- der, and stripes of every shade. Corn- flowers have an early and long-continued season of bloom; the seed germinates readily, the plants are of great hardiness, they are easy to transplant and to cultivate, and, when not overcrowded, form strong, up- right bushes, two feet or more in height, and make a very satisfactory border if set out in small clumps a half yard apart. A wider and more striking border can be made with a double row, one or two yards in breadth. In July trim back severely the plants from Morning-glories for screening unsightly objects persistent self-sowers, are useful THE GARDEN MAGAZINE which flowers are to be cut and on which the seed is not to be permitted to ripen. Preserve a few choice plants for next season’s supply of seed, and under these every fall will be found dozens of seedlings which will bloom the following May, a month be- fore spring-sown seed will have reached the flowering stage. A late planting of cornflowers will bloom for weeks after early frosts. Sweet alyssum, when full grown, is ac- tually covered with bloom, a dome-like mass of white, measuring a half yard across. Larkspurs, with pink, purple and white flowers, from one parent plant were enough for a sixty=- foot border The plants begin to flower when an inch and a half high, and keep at it until long after the first frosts have blackened tender annuals. They are not specially useful for cutting, but make an excellent edging and self-sow lavishly. Another plant of the same general size and shape as alyssum is portulaca. Por- tulaca makes a rather late appearance, germinating after earlier plants have made a good start, but the two will be blooming simultaneously during a good part of the season. If both be set out alternately, one foot apart, the tender portulaca may be re- moved after the early frosts have destroyed it, and the alyssum will preserve the appear-* ance of the border until severely cold weather checks its growth. More than enough plants of annual lark- spur were supplied by a small patch of seed- lings, sown by one plant, to make a border sixty feet long. They were pink, purple, and white; in the second generation many pink flowers, with decided purple streaks, ap- peared. The poppy is splendid for an irregular bed if it can be left where it starts. It Marcu, 1909 but the Portulaca seed germinates rather late, plants bloom profusely till frost is almost useless to attempt to transplant it, for, unless the plants are lifted in clumps, while very small, and on a wet day, the roots will be exposed and they will either die outright, or linger along, stunted and yellow, an easy prey to aphides. It is much better to sow the original plants where they can self-sow and be left undisturbed the following summer. Even those that ger- minate in the fall will survive the winter if covered lightly, and will be large, blooming plants before the spring-sown seedlings are more than a few inches in height. Morning-glories are persistent self-sowers to the point of becoming weeds, but they are attractive for screening unslightly places. All the varieties seem to be equally reliable in this respect. Nasturtiums do not self-sow as freely as the plants already mentioned. Gourds are always useful as screen plants to transplant when very small. Calendula (all shades of yellow) blooms until snow flies, the second generation showing stripes and markings of darker color. The flowers of coreopsis are rich in color and have a re- markably airy appearance on their slender stems. Marigolds, four-o’clocks, balsam, verbenas, and petunias are commonly known, and each one self-sows satisfactorily. A small patch of self-sowing vegetables supplies a profitable experiment. Lettuce, mustard, tomatoes, and squash frequently yield a crop of importance from self-sown seedlings. Pumpkins, potatoes and corn also occasionally self sow. New York. I. M. ANGELL. A double row of alyssum, with a row of portulaca between & Marcu, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Write to the Readers’ Service jor For Garden and Home FLOWER POTS JARDINIERES FERNERIES FLOWER BOXES STATUARY FOUNTAINS HERMES ; BENCHES, ETC. SUN-DIALS and other ornaments in Terra Cotta and Pottery. Original designs and classic repro- ductions. Executed in selected clay. Proper- ly fired to endure the severest climate. Write for “Book of Photographs” showing beautiful specimens of our work. WILLIAM GALLOWAY 3214 Walnut Street Philadelphia Iedge Plants. rown for Hedges To have satisfactory Hedges with a mini- mum of effort, you should start with Hedge Plants Grown for Hedges. Plants properly grown for this purpose will be bushy and low- branched—a form to be had only by correct pruning in the nursery. When plants have not been so zrown and pruned they must be cut back | close to the ground and practically started over again to secure the right effect. IGrow Only Hedge Plants for Hedges giving personal attention to every detail. My stock of Cali- fornia Privet, Japanese Barberry, American Arborvite and Hemlock Spruce is first class, and my prices as low as con- sistent with quality. Here in the /avzous Lancaster Valley, one of the world’s garden spots, with favorable climate and su- £ perivor soil, shrubs and plants of unusual vigor are produced, and the Hedge stock I offer will give value received to all purchasers. ra Descriptive Price-list Free = MARTIN H. MUSSER, 38 Cottage Avenue, LANCASTER, PENNA. Gladiolas and Dahlias In large quantities at extra special prices. Write at once if you want these goods at a price. BARNES GARDENS, Spencer, Ind. It will pay you to spray your Fruit Trees and Vines for protection from scale and all insect Y pests and fungus diseases. FREE Instruc- tlon Book shows the famous Garfield, Empire King, Orchard, Monarch, Leader, and other sprayers; also gives a lot of formulas and other valuable information. FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., No. 48 Ith St., Elmira, N. Y. eke eee oe ‘- O 99 Captain Kidd These Chests are the perfection of exalted senti- ment as wedding and birthday presents; a link combining the romantic past with the beauty and utility of today. Massively constructed of fragrant mountain grown Southern Red Cedar, heavily bound and finished with copper. Absolutely moth proof. Prices very reasonable. Sold direct from factory, with privilege of examination and return WITHOUT COST TO YOU. Write for catalogue. PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST COMPANY, Dept. 58, Statesville, N. C. RED CEDAR TREASURE CHEST Only One of Many Styles. THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, lant Book @u= new Spring garden book — quite distinct from the common seed and nursery catalogues —will be mailed free to all readers of the Garden Magazine. The result of 55 years’ experience among plants—this manual contains in- valuable information for anyone in- terested in gardening. ‘The descriptions are so accurate and concise that Meehans’ Manual is to-day recognized as the most authentic plant book issued by any estab- lishment; used as a reference book in some colleges. The buyer of plants will find the following special articles and offers of exceptional utility in planning for Spring. Meehans’ Mallow Marvels Fully Described Japanese Maples Grown in America The Cream of the Known Dahlias and Gladioli Unique Hardy Garden Collections Special lot of Koster’s True Blue Spruce Big Shrub Combination Offers Prize=winning Hardy Chrysanthemum Collection Special Novelty Offer Important Magnolia Announcement A distinct Grass Mixture Write to-day for this book. Like hundreds of other Garden Maga- zine readers you will find the book helpful; the plants that make up our stock dependable; and our business methods satisfactory. onderful_ New Race of Hardy Perennials Not in recent years has a new race of plants been introduced which equals Meehans’ Mallow Marvels, our new production of hardy perennials. It is conceded that not one of Burbank’s wonders rivals the exquisite flowers of these eorgeous Mallow Marvels—distinct from all other mallows, producing, from late July ull October, flowers wonderful in size, dazzling in color. these unlabeled baby Mallows for $1.co. This offeris not Imagine the effect of these profuse large blooms, some open to dealers. Io inches in diameter—78 square inches of solid color, Perfectly hardy, easy to grow, developing the first season into bushes 4 to 8 feet high, bearing immediately. SPECIAL. On request we will send, free, an illustration of these gorgeous Mallow Marvel BABY MALLOWS: A result of re-crossing our strains of one-year old mallow marvels that will flower this summer for the first time. Large beautiful blooms are assured, and there is every indication that these are a vast improvement on our finest Mallow Marvels. flowers, made direct from Nature by the new photo color process. Extra size Mallow Marvel plants. Large two year old Mallow Marvels. labeled colorsin crimson, red, pink or white at $2.00 each. Inc., Garden 1eaders who order at once can secute three 6f Box 17, Germantown, Phila. “FOR BIG CROPS” use “CUTAWAY” TOOLS Clark’s One Horse Market Garden or Grove Harrow is made re- versible to throw the soil either toor from the plant. It is espe- cially desirable for the small garden, truck or market garden’s use. This tool is used extensively among gardeners, and in Florida it is also used for orchard culture. It’s a great labor saver. Made in Three Sizes: No. O, 1 horse with two gangs of 5 14 inch disks each. No. OO, Light 2 horse, two gangs, 6 14 inch disks each. No. OOO, Heavy 2 horse, two gangs, 7 14 inch disks each. Send today for our FREE booklet describing 120 styles and sizes of Cutaway Tools. CUTAWAY HARROW CO. 902 Main Street suggestions about garden furniture 91 92 Wild Flowers Worth Improving II. — Annual and Biennial Gentians HE most beautiful of all native American gentians, in the popular estimation, and the most difficult to grow, is the fringed gentian (Gentiana crinita). ‘This is often considered the most beautiful blue wild flower of America. Strictly speaking, how- ever, the color is more nearly violet. The peculiar beauty of the flower is due largely to its long fringes, which are often compared to eyelashes, and to the exquisite bud which winds and unwinds in the most fascinating manner as the flower closes at night and opens in the morning. A gold medal was awarded by THE Gar- DEN MacazinE to Mr. Thomas Murray for discovering the process of raising the fringed gentian. A full account will be found in the Christmas number for 1905. In brief, the directions are as follows: Sow the seeds the first week in April in a flat filled with sphagnum moss. Never sprinkle water on this, but when the moss gets dry, dip the flat into a tub of water, and let the water rise slowly through the drainage hole in the bottom. In about six weeks the seedlings will be the size of pin heads, and then must be transplanted and set about two and a half inches apart. ‘Two months later they will be ready to move into q-inch crocks. They are wintered in a frame, and the following spring set outdoors in their permanent quarters. I hope that Mr. Murray and others will be able to establish the fringed gentian in some situation where it will “‘self sow,” as the ideal is to produce great colonies con- taining thousands of flowers, such as we sometimes see in the wild. I therefore sug- gest that the seeds be sown on the snow in early winter. This judgment is based upon twenty-four years’ experience in collecting gentian seeds. I believe I have established the fact that the occasional failure of fringed gentian seed is generally due to their being caught by a severe frost coming at an unusually early date. The fringed and closed gentians often continue to flower after the middle of October. The seed-pods ripen so slowly that they remain soft long after frosts have killed cucumber and tomato plants. They are able to withstand a remarkable degree of frost, but if it is cold enough to make ice before the pods are fully ripened, the pods will be cooked. The ruined seeds may be THE GARDEN MAGAZINE known by their light weight and small size. As a general rule, the seeds are not well- ripened until after our early snows. They then continue in the dry, dead pods until suitable weather comes for their dispersion, when the pods will slowly open, beginning at the top. The seeds are carried by the winds, the process being aided in the perennial gentians by the narrow wings of the white or yellow- ish flat seeds, and in the annual gentians by the black, rough, scaly furriness of the angular seeds. So long as the seeds of the fringed gentians are borne onward by the strong winter winds, their peculiar covering helps them along, but as soon as they fall upon the snow, especially in crevices in rough snow, they stick. Let a warm day come in winter, and you will see the snow melting about these black, rough, scaly, furry seeds, for their covering has the same effect upon the snow as a black piece of woolen cloth — it absorbs the heat rays of the sun, and thus causes the snow or ice to melt. Everybody knows that the fringed gen- tian is erratic — you cannot be sure of find- ing the flowers where they grew last year. But by imitating the process above de- scribed, I believe that country gentlemen can be reasonably sure of having a big display of fringed gentians every year. The finest fringed gentians I have ever seen grew in sandy soil where the water level was within a foot of the surface in quite dry weather. What a great achievement it would be if some plant breeder would cross the fringed gentian with a perennial gentian, so that the The fringed gentian (Gentiana crinita) is the most beautiful native blue flower. Can be grown from seed Marcu, 1909 exquisite flower of the former would become associated with a plant easy to grow and easy to keep indefinitely! No one knows, of course, if this is possible. Yet there are instances in other families of annuals that have been crossed with perennials, and with that hope in view I shall describe the per- ennial gentians in another issue. OTHER DESIRABLE VARIETIES Meanwhile, however, I wish to point out the merits of two other gentians — one an- nual, the other positively a biennial in some places, but said to be annual in others, which might possibly be more easily crossed with the fringed gentian. The stiff gentian, or ague-plant (G. quin- quejolia), has the great merit of being easily grown from its round seeds. The flowers lack the beautiful fringe and are smaller, but they make a fair mass effect, the numer- ous branches bearing the flowers in clusters of about five, whereas the fringed gentian has only one flower on each branch. The most desirable form of this species is the western (G. quinquefolia, var. occi- dentalis), which grows twice as high as the eastern (two or three feet). In some parts of the country it is said to be an annual with blue flowers, but in southeastern Michigan it is positively a biennial — the first year bearing simply a whorl of very broad leaves flat on the surface of the ground, becoming in the autumn of the second year a tall, very branching plant, bearing very many light reddish-purple flowers. The smaller fringed gentian (G. detonsa) is a very rare and lovely flower, having the petals strongly fringed at the sides, but around the apex they may be simply notched or even entire. Dr. Britton figures a beautiful form of this gentian in which the apex of each petal is regularly fimbriated, giving a lace-like effect to the flower. I have not seen this gentian for twenty years or more. It was common in southeastern Michigan when I was a boy, but in my lo- cality, so far as I know, it has entirely dis- appeared because of pasturage and draining. As I remember it, the branches started mostly from near the ground, always curv- ing outward from the stem, very unlike the branches of the larger fringed gentian, which rise at a sharp angle, this making these species easy to distinguish even when not in flower. Michigan. W. A. BROTHERTON. Toads for the Pea Louse A FEW years ago my garden peas were badly infested with the pea louse. I put several toads in the garden, and in a very short time the lice had disappeared. It was amusing to watch the toads at work; they would jump as high as they could on the vines, shake down the lice, and then feast on the result of their labors. I should advise Mr. Howard Earl, whose article about the louse on nasturtium vines appeared in the January, 1909, number of Tue GARDEN MAGAZINE, to try this sim- ple remedy. Wisconsin. L. C. PorTER. / The Readers’ Service will gi Marcu, 1909 ANDO Lies C, VAUD BEN a eVIUAS GHA ZINE stator mationiabou motor boats — 93 Why Paint Cracks ARTER PURE WHITE LEAD, when mixed with pure linseed oil and the desired tints, forms a perfect combination—PAINT. Just as sugar and water form syrup. When applied to a building, this combination produces a smooth, elastic film which expands and contracts with the surface it protects. Only years of wear will remove it. When substitutes are added to the white lead (barytes, zinc, silica, chalk, etc.,) this perfect com- bination—this affinity between oil and white lead, is broken. The paint film is not elastic—it is brittle and soon cracks, scales and checks. It must then be burned or scraped off—a costly Operation. The building must be repainted—unnecessary expense. CARTER Strictly Pure White Lead will perfectly protect your buildings. It will never crack, scale or check. Carter is made by the only modern and scientific process in the White Lead industry. Every particle of discoloration and impurity is eliminated. Carter is the whitesé paint you can buy—this whiteness assures tints that are brilliant, true and extremely durable. By the pound, Carter costs a trifle more than other leads. Figured by yards of surface covered and years of wear, however, it is the most economical Paint you can buy. Carter is sold by all reliable dealers—used by first-class painters. e@ e@ e@ e Paint Talks No. 2—Interior Painting You have seen painted walls, ceilings and woodwork peel and scale. That’s a sign that something is wrong, either with paint or painter, or |Painting Outfit both. Good White Lead and Linseed Oil, properly applied, will neither Free scale nor peel. Any paint will peel if applied over a damp surface. And paint loaded up with hard, unyielding substances (put in to save the ex- pense of pure White Lead) will check, or crack and Scale, no matter how carefully they are applied. We have prepared a little package of things bearing on the subject of painting which we call House-owners’ Painting Outfit No..V. It includes: 1—Book of color schemes (state whether you wish interior or exte- rior schemes). 2—Specifications for all kinds of Painting. 3—Instrument for detecting adulteration in paint material, with directions for using it. Free on request to any reader who asks for House-owners’ Paint- ing Outfit No. V. Send for our valuable free book, which gives all the tests by which you may know good paint—tells how to choose a harmonious color scheme. With the book comes aset of color plates from real houses, that will give you ideas for painting your home. CARTER WHITE LEAD CO. 12073 S. Peoria Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Factortes: Chicago—Omaha There is much wider latitude in the mixing of paint for interior work than for outside work. Turpentine may be used freely instead of linseed oil, giving the beautiful dull or ‘‘flat’’ effects. This treatment would be ruinous out in the weather. A great range of delicate tints are suitable inside also. These cannot be secured at their best except with the finest White Lead—the Dutch Boy Painter kind. It costs no more to have this guaranty of purity of your paint material. Insist on having White Lead with the Dutch Boy Painter on the side of the keg. At your paint dealer’s. Read about our *‘ House-owners’ Painting Outfit’’ ka NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY An office in each of the following cities: New York Boston Buffalo Oincinnati Chicago Cleveland St. Louis Philadelphia (John T. Lewis & Bros. Company) Pittsburgh (National Lead and Oil Company Siang GF ° Tapa eeaeeER ire ve ada ennarmanenn Plant for Immediate Effect Not for Future Generations “We will pay $100 and cost of analysis for the detection of any adulteration in this or any other package bearing this brand.’” E There is scarcely any limit to the possible improvement in seeds, but it takes time and money. We have been im- proving flower and vegetable seeds for over so years. More than 2000 people are working to make Ferry’s Seeds suit you. Buy the best— Ferry’s. For sale everywhere. FERRY’S 1909 SEED ANNUAL FREE ON REQUEST. D. M. FERRY & CO., Detroit, Mich. SEEDS Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. i We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an immediate effect. Price List Now Ready. ANDORRA NURSERIES °¢* pricabetenias Ps, f WII. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor | The Readers’ Service will gladly assist 94. in selecting decsrations for the house THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1909 It’s easy to grow roses out of doors —if you know how. Easy . 7 if you select the right roses for your locality, plant them the Y y/ right way and give them the / right cane: We have just issued a’ beauti- fully illustrated little manual telling / how to do all the things necessary to ‘ the successful culture of roses in the easy way. We have called it “How to Grow Roses” and it covers the subject from A to Z , in terse, concise, easily understood form, to be had in no, othemibooke sltgusea trusty guide to sure success with roses out of doors. Contains a list of “101 Best Roses” that grow best and bloom best in America. This i7 list is the most dependable that has ever been compiled, 7 being the selection of growers who know by test the / varieties best suited for American soil and climate. Tells ‘you the right roses for your section and every section of the country. Roses that you can depend upon to thrive and bloom profusely in your garden. “How to Grow Roses” ROSES” GUARANTEED BLOOM / mailed to your address for IO cents Tne a srnre | Send 25 cents in stamps or silver and we will mail you Special Offer this most helpful, trustworthy manual “How to Grow to readers of “The| Roses” and. send you Two Guaranteed to Bloom Roses, selected especially for your locality. These | «two roses (different colors) will be sent at the proper time to plant out of doors in a , your section of the country. Ch @ A Write to-day—don’t delay. Garden Magazine” Our catalogue of “The Best Roses in America” free. Write for a copy, Box 24C Remember the Star Rooting Cuttings on the Kitchen Stove I HAVE found it so hard to root slips or cuttings in wet sand in the house in the ordinary way that I have been trying a new method by utilizing the heat from the stove to help the rooting of geraniums and salvias. A large saucer belonging to a com- mon earthen flower-pot was filled with two- thirds sand and one-third rich potting soil. This was made very wet, and after the cut- tings were inserted the saucer was set on two bricks laid side by side on the back of the kitchen range, where the fire is kept night and day. The temperature of the bricks during the day averaged 78 degrees. A piece of sheet iron was put between the saucer and the stove pipe, and if the fire became very hot the saucer was placed for a while on a shelf back of the stove. The first few days the soil was kept wet, after that only moist. A 10-inch saucer wi'l hold twenty-five cuttings. The two geraniums that provided the slips were old ones that had been taken up the preceding fall. The salvia slips were from a plant that was also lifted very late in the season. When it was cut back the How an amateur can give ‘‘bottom heat’’ in rooting cuttings of geranium, salvia, etc. Marcu , 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE GARDENING BOOKS Of the practical kind—none that are text-booky or cut-and-dried, but each book full of stimu- lating, helpful suggestion by an enthusiast on the department of gardening which it covers. The Garden Library Lawns and How to Make Them By Leonard Barron. Illustrated. Ferns and How to Grow Them By G. A. Woolson. Illustrated. Roses and How to Grow Them By Many Experts. Illustrated. Daffodils, Narcissus, and How to Grow Them By A.M. Kirby. Illustrated. The Water Garden By H. S. Conard and Henri Hus. trated. Each, net, $1.00 (postage 10c.) How to Plan the Home Grounds By. H. S. Parsons, Jr. 56 illustrations. Net, $1.00 (postage 10c.) A Plea for Hardy Plants By J. Wilkinson Elliott. 50 illustrations; binding, boards. Net, $1.60 (postage 16c.) How to Keep Bees By Anna Botsford Comstock. treats her subject with rare charm. trations. Net, $1.00 (postage 10c.) Tllus- The author Il]us- Soils: How to Handle and Improve Them By §. W. Fletcher. Net, $2.00 (postage 20c.) Farm Management By F.W. Card. A specific, practical guide. : Illustrations. Net, 2.00 (postage 20c.) The Country House By Charles E. Hooper. Treats also of the garden and its furnishings. Illustrations. Net, $3.00 (postage 30c.) A Journey to Nature By J. P. Mowbray. How a Wall Street man became acquainted with Nature. Net, $1.50 (postage 12c.) The Making ofa Country Home By J. P. Mowbray. For the city dweller who would move countryward. Net, $1.50 (postage 15c.) Garden and Farm Almanac {", How to Grow Flowers and Vegetables. 180 pages of every-day value. Fully illus- trated. 25 cents, postpaid. Adventures in Contentment By David Grayson. The reaceful “‘adven- tures’’ of a country-dweller. Illustrations. Net, $1.20 (postage 12c.) How to Make School Gardens By H. D. Hemenway. 10 illustrations from photographs. Net, $1.00 (postage 10c_) 100 photographs. The Country Home Library The Vegetable Garden By Ida D. Bennett. A meaty, informing volume. Profusely illustrated. Net, $1.50 (postage 12c.) The Flower Garden By Ida D. Bennett. A comprehensive and handy manual for the flower gardener. 47 illustrations. Net, $1.50 (postage 17c.) The Country Home By E. P. Powell. For the country home- maker. Illustrations. Net, $1.50 (post- age 19c.) The Orchard and Fruit Garden By E. P. Powell. The planting and culti- vation of fruit, fruit-bearing trees and bushes. Illustrations. Net, $1.50 (post- age 18c.) How to Make a Fruit Garden By S. W. Fletcher. The 200 photographs will whet your appetite. Net, $2.00 (postage 20c.) How to Make a Flower Garden More than 200 photographs. Net, $1.60 (postage 16c.) How to Make a Vegetable Garden By Edith L. Fullerton. Net, $2.00 (postage 20c.} 250 photographs. The American Flower Garden, By Neltje Blanchan We take pleasure in announcing that, after several years of preparation, - that we feel justified in announcing its publication for the Spring of 1909. There has been needed an authoritative work covering the American Garden, as that famous work by William Robinson describes the English Garden. tion upon request. Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 East 16th Street, New York The American Flower Garden’’ has now so far progressed The present work will cover adequately the needs of the amateur whose garden is either extensive or the reverse. The edition is limited to 1,050 copies at $10, net, reserving the right to raise the price without notice. Circular and informa- - The Readers’ Service will give 96 information about motor boats THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1909 Wash-Day’s Problem Solved! \ \ 7 RITE to-day for the big and interesting free folder which shows you how you can hang out and take in your wash in half the time and with half the work — save all the bother of putting up and taking down long lines and clumsy poles and the tiresome work of dragging heavy basketsful of clothes up and down the yard. All this is accomplished with the Hill Clothes Dryer FOR LAWN, BALCONY AND ROOF + Think of the work it saves. Imagine the convenience of having all your clothes-lines within a few feet from your door, where you can quickly hang all your wash while you stand in one place. Rids Lawn of Unsightly Lines and Poles Hill Dryers hold a whole yardful of wash. No clothes- poles are needed. The Hill Dryer is complete in itself and saiely supports its full capacity of clothes on windiest days. Top revolves so line comes to you. Sheets hung on outside hide odds and ends from public view. Wash when hung presents a neat attractive appearance. The upright post Fits in Little Socket in the Ground COMPACT — = i = sie Te SAE a Is it any wonder a —\ 2 3 Men) UHOESEGS OST REGS of Sight After the Wash women are today using this greatest of modern conveniences. The whole top part folds up like an umbrella, and dryer taken apart to put away—leaving your lawns entirely free of obstructions all the rest of the week. There are other styles of Hill Dryers for Balcony, Fire-Escapes and Roof which have equal if not greater advantages under con- ditions for which they are designed. Get our Big Free Folder 39 You want more information before you decide—so write us a postal today and well show you how easily you can get this greatest of modern household conveniences. Simply say: ‘Send me your folder. (FS g >, HILL DRYER CO. 359 Park Ave. Worcester, Mass, mere This socket is coveredwith a small cap when Dryer is taken down. Te sa eR TET z Le er one 8 ee j a eet, ree FROM GROWER TO PLANTER New and Noteworthy TREES Shrubs, Roses Evergreens Fruits Hardy Plants Best Stock at Reasonable Prices. No Agents. Commissions saved. Collections unequalled. Write today for a free copy of this superbly illustrated catalogue of “the seeds that bring results.” It tells all about “Stokes’ Standards” and my unique system of selling them; shows | photographs of actual specimens grown from them, with complete directions so that you, no matter how inexperienced, can get results Beautiful Illustrated Descriptive 100 page equally good. Catalogue and Guide mailed free upon request. ELLWANGER & BARRY MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES EstasuisHen 1840 Box B, Rochester, N. Y. Special 10c Combination Offer: Send me 10c in stamps —and mention “‘ The Garden Magazine’’—and | will send you this 1909 Catalogue and three 10c packets of seed—one each of my ““Bonny Best’”’ Early Tomatoes, ““Stokes’ Standard” Sweet Peas and “Stokes’ Standard’’ Single Poppy (the famous Luther Burbank strain.) Each is unequaled in its class. STOKES’ SEED STORE Dept. A. 219 Market Street, Philadelphia SUBURBAN GARDENERS in the Iron Age Book devices of which they neyer dreamed for Tind the easy, economical, exact cultivation of the pleasure-profit garden. Think of one pair of easy-going handles performing every opera- tion from the opening of the soil to the gathering of Nature’s reward and you have a slight idea of Iron Age methods. Whether you plant a hill, a row oranacre, whether you do it yourse!f or employ others, you must know about these Iron Age labor saving, yield-increasing implements if you want to get the full return for your labor or investment. ‘The Tron Age Book will be forwarded upon request to readers of Garden Magazine-Farming. Read it and be a better gardener. BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box C, GRENLOCH, N. J. first of March I got fifteen good slips from it. The cutting back did the plant good, for a vigorous new growth started, and on the twelfth of April ten more slips were taken from it, making twenty-five young plants from the old one. The local florist charged $1.25 a dozen for bedding plants, so I es- timated that mine were worth $2.50; and they proved to be better plants than those sold by the florist because they were pinched back and hardened off before being planted out-of-doors. Zi In’ eighteen days all the cuttings were well rooted, but they were left in the saucer a week longer before being put into pots. Massachusetts. Evita M. BEALs. A Charming Idea in Rock Gardens leo: ideal plants for rock gardens are those which will cover the ground with a continuous sheet of flowers all season. Alpine plants, or those which come from high mountains in Europe, are usually planted on rockeries, and while some of the choicest can only be grown in situations where they can have cool air, plenty of light but without shade, constant moisture and perfect drain- age, there are plenty of varieties that are An attractive rock garden in Massachusetts where forget-me-nots and primroses predominate Marcu, 1909 THE GARDEN I} you wish information about dogs, apply to the Readers’ Service MAGAZINE We are frequently asked to recommend the best shrub for hedge planting and, after many years’ experience, we are decidedly of the opinion that the Japanese Barberry, Berberis Thunbergi, is the best hedge plant in existence, and either as an ornamental, defensive, trimmed or untrimmed hedge, it is unsurpassed. As an ornamental hedge it is beautiful throughout the year, its abundant crop of bright red berries makes it even more attractive in the winter than the summer. Its compact growth and thorny branches make a defensive hedge that will turn cattle after five years’ growth. As an untrimmed hedge it requires .no attention ex- cept an occasional cutting of a few straggling branches. The natural growth is so dense and even that it forms a perfect hedge without shearing, but if a formal hedge is desired, by shearing it can be made as even as a stone wall. This Berberis is absolutely hardy, of the easiest culture, and will grow in any soil or situation. It will stand considerable shade and can be grown under trees if not planted too closely to the trunks. It is of slow, compact growth, but will eventually attain a height of five or six feet. It is also one of the very best of shrubs for general planting. For a hedge, plant a single row 18 inches apart in the row. We have a very large stock of fine plants which we offer at $10, $13, $16 and $20 per 100, according to size. Special prices quoted on lots of one to ten thousand, on application. We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including three hundred varieties of the choicest Peonies, one hundred varieties of Japanese and European Tree Peonies, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue describing these and hundreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees, Rhododendrons, Azaleas and Shrubs, will be sent on request. “A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS,” by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrangement. We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars on request. ELLIOTT NURSERY CO. - 336 FOURTH AVENUE -_ PITTSBURG, PA. MORRIS NURSERY COMPANY Specialties for Spring 1909 Rhododendron hybrids choice hardy vars. and colors 18-24” and 2-3’. Rhodedendron maximum 1-9’ selected plants in car lots. Kalmia latifolia L-5’ selected plants in car lots. Blue spruce Koster variety 4-5’ and 5-6’. Evergreens in assortment 1-6’. Cal. Privet 20-30”; 2-3’ and 3-4’ K— all 2 yrs. old. Carolina poplars 10-12’, 13” dia. Azalea mollis 15-18” bushy plants well budded, Norway maples 10-12’, 14” dia. selected. Norway maples 12-14’, 2-23” dia. selected. Norway maples 14-16’, 24-3” selected Box dwarf 5-6”. Box dwarf 6’. For our general stock write for our new edition of cata- logue. Prices quoted upon receipt of list of wants. Corres- pondence solicited. MORRIS NURSERY CoO., Sales Office. 1 Madison Ave.. New York Nitrate of Soda Nitrate Sold in Original Bags NITRATE AGENCIES CO. 64 Stone Street, New York Keyser Building, Baltimore, Md. 36 Bay Street, East, Savannah, Ga, 305 Baronne Street, New Orleans, La. 140 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. Holcombe & Co., 24 California Street, San Francisco, Cal. 603-4 Oriental Block, Seattle, Wash. Address Office Nearest You Orders for All Quantities Promptly Filled — Write for Quotations RNR SN aaa vas y/ Y LEA NASR ARC ps ip EAN. MPU } NY, ay X RV) ye “Al! From the Nursery Rows to the Orchard Profits for You at Both Ends of the Line We want you to become a partner-patron of our business, saving money on all the fruits, etc., you buy for your orchard, and making money from your share of the profits of our nurseries. No actual investment on your part will be required—we give you stock in our company as your commission on trees, etc., you sell to yourself, at prices no higher than usual. } x : : ESTABLISHED 14 YEARS; NET PROFIT 7 PER CENT ANNUALLY. Ours is a solid and well-established business, started in 1895, incorporated in 1907, with $75,000 authorized capital, and has earned net seven per cent annually for the past eight years. We have a splendid reputation for honesty and square dealing—write to any official, business man or other reputable citizen of Shermansville, or to the leading banks of Crawford County, in which we are located. Our valuable property, including real estate, is unincumbered, and we are doing a prosperous, growing business. WE OWN PXCLUSIVELY FIVE SUPERIOR COPYRIGHTED FRUITS, in themselves worth a fortune—U. S. Standard Plum, Money Maker Plum, Pure Gold Peach, Uncle Seth Strawberry and Frank’s Currant. Each of these magnificent new fruits, which can be obtained only of us, is superior to anything else in its class, and all have stood the most severe tests, receiving unstinted praise from fruit-growing experts. Complete line of nursery stock. $5.00 Commission to You on a $10.00 Sale 10 Per Cent Discount on all You Buy of Us Sell yourself or your neighbors $10 worth of our fruits as follows: 2 U. S. Standard Plums, 2 Money Maker Plums, 2 Pure Gold Peaches. 6 Frank’s Currants, 50 Uncle Seth Strawberries, 1 Cherry, 1 Pear, 1 Rose. 1 Flowering Shrub, in all 66 trees and plants for only $10. We give you as commission on the sale, one $5 share of our capital stock. The annual dividend will be from 7 per cent up, and you will get a stockholder’s discount of to per cent. Send for a free booklet giving our plan in full and containing letters from bankers and business men about us. PENNSYLVANIA We believe our new and novel plan for selling our product will appeal to you. Write to-day. NURSERY COMPANY, Box 20, SHERMANSVILLE, PA. 98 The Readers’ Service will eive tijormation about molor boats Won’t You Sit Down in an “Old Hickory’’—just once? Then you’ll know the real comfort of an ‘‘easy chair’’ that zs easy! Enjoy that elastic, springy feeling — like the gentle sway of the young tree itself. Old Hickory Furniture breathes the com- fort and rest of the woods. It stands, sturdy and rugged, made now as in the long ago, when Clay, Calhoun and Webster sat in hick- ory chairs. Andrew Jackson liked his chair so well that people nicknamed him “Old Hickory.” That’s our trademark, burned into every piece of furniture we make. OldHickory Furniture is fast displacing bamboo, willow and painted _wood, Famous resorts like ‘‘Claremont-on- the-Hudson,”’ the ‘“‘Old Faithful Inn”’ of Yel- lowstone Park, and the splendid West Baden Hotel, are fitted up with ‘‘Old Hickory.’’ From. east to west the highest types of resorts have adopted it. It is so in refined country homes—in all places where good taste prevails—‘Old Hickory” is found. There is nothing so comfortable, so durable, so much the vogue, yet so much like old times, as Old Hickory Furniture. The legs and rungs we cut from young hick- ory trees, grown just for us—7,000 acres in one grove. From bigger trees we peel the stout inside bark inlong strips, strong and smoothas rawhide. From these we weave by hand the smooth, springy seats and backs. To library, lawn, or porch, ‘Old Hickory” lends grace and comfort—artistic in its rare simplicity. Write today for our Free Style Book, showing 150 types of “Old Hickory,” and telling ail about it. The Old Hickory Chair Co., Box B3, Martinsville, Ind. Short Lift-Long Life -Light Draft Just the things you want in a farm wagon. There’s only one wagon that will give them tv you. That’s the ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON The wide tires make light draft. The Electric Steel Wheels, long lifeand short lift. These wheels are built to outlast many sets of ordinary wheels. They cost nee) save much hard work and many hard earned dollars. Rocks can’t damage them, weather doesn’t affect them. Electric Steel Wheels are made to fit any kind or size of skein. They will turn any old wagon body into a useful, long-lived farm wagon. Our book, “ Vhe Short Lift,” is free. Write for your copy to-day. ELECTRIC WHEEL CO. 5 Quincy, Ill. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE hardy enough to withstand the alternate freezings and thawings of the cold north- ern winters and will do well on an ordinary rockery, among them being the moss pink, rose moss, rock cress, sea pink, etc. The forget-me-not is extremely satis- factory on a rockery, and gives a profu- sion of flowers. The accompanying photo- graph shows it planted with primroses in a Massachusetts garden. Maine. SAMUEL JOHNSON. Tomatoes on Irrigated Land HE wisdom of irrigated lands has been demonstrated the Arizona Agricultural Experiment The ground on which the experiment was conducted was intensive culture on by Station near Yuma, Arizona. a warm, sandy loam, which had been leveled and irrigated the preceding fall One-half acre of ground was laid off in bor- ders two feet wide, with ditches between of the same width. Burpee’s Quarter Century and Dwarf Champion tomatoes were grown, these bushy varieties being best adapted to the climatic conditions. More diffuse and branching sorts lose blossoms and_ fruit by sun-burning, as soon as the hot weather sets in. Part of the plants were started in a coldframe and transplanted to the open field in March; others were sown directly in the open ground as soon as danger from frost had passed. The plants were set two and one-half feet apart In a row on the edges of each of the raised borders, the whole half acre contain- ing about 3,300 plants. The crop began to ripen early in June, harvesting continuing during July and until the first week in Sep- tember. The quantity of fruit harvested and sold from this half acre during the season was 13,530 pounds, not including 1,800 pounds of waste fruit cracked by rain storms. The bulk of the crop brought from two to six and a half cents a pound at Yuma, according to market conditions. The first fruits, picked about June roth, sold for thirty cents a pound. ; The total receipts for the crop were $624.60; the cost of seed, irrigating water, and shipping boxes was $72.72. The profits would: have been not far from $550 for the small farmer who could have managed this half acre with very little outlay for labor. Arizona. R. H. ForBeEs. Marcu, 1909 Using “Rogued” Seeds 7 is Economy Low-priced seeds are the most eXpensive, as the editors of this magazine have urged repeatedly. The cost of seeds is a small matter, comparatively, and you can well afford to pay for extra selected (or rogued ) dependable stock. saving of your garden. It frequently means the A FREE BOOK Every Garden Owner Should Have Adams’ Little Green Book is more than a seed catalogue ; it is a pocket manual for the amateur gar- dener, containing a list of seeds that you want to know about without the trash and the uncertain varieties. In- stead of confusing lists that interest the market gardener alone, my little book gives a selection of flowers and vege- tables, the best tested and known varieties in each class. Furthermore it tells the real truth about each variety. I send with this little book the planting fables and cul- tural directions of Peter the Gardener, written for the amateur, easily understood and followed. Also a plan for asmall garden designed to give a succession of the best vegetables. Selections of seeds are offered that include just enough to plant a given space with no waste. Try the Adams Method. It pays. WRITE TODAY FOR THE LITTLE GREEN BOOK HENRY SAXTON ADAMS, 3 Upland Road, Wellesley, Mass. EVERY ONE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE WIOIILIED'S) GREAT PICTURES FE RIeY ICTURES ONE CENT EACH for 25 or more. Size 5%4x8. (6 to ro times the size of this Madonna.) Send 25 cents for 25 art sub- jects, or 25 for children. What kind of Pictures are your children learning to like? | Send three two-cent stamps for Catalogue of 1000 minia- ture illustrations, 2 pictures and a colored Bird picture. THE PERRY PICTURES CO. Rox 1460. MALDEN, MASS. ji Montrose Nurseries Are Offering A complete line of choice Ornamental Stock at very low prices considering the quality. Large trees and shrubs for immediate effect. Landscape work a specialty. Illustrated Catalog free for the asking. THE MONTROSE NURSERIES Montrose Westchester Co., N. Y. 7 BES b The Best Fertilizer for the Garden and Lawn Blatchford’s Plant Grower and Land Renovator Composed only of the best qualities of Rose Growers Bone Meal, Pure Nitrate of Soda, The Best Peruvian Guano, Pure Sulphate of Ammonia, Pure Sulphate.of Potash and the Best Gypsum. Chemically combined in the proper froportions for the best results. _Solu- ble, and feeds all parts of the Plant. Reno- vatés worn out and poor soils. The result of 25 years of experimenting on Gardens and Lawns. Send for folder that tells why and how. Free. BLATCHFORD’ S AGRICULTURAL WORKS, Madison and Sand Sts., Waukegan, Ill. Established at Leicester, England, in 1800. . ; Ij a problem grows in your garden write lo Marcu, 1909 THE GA RD EN MA G AZINE : the Readers’ Serv’ ice for eee 5 99 When vou think of ROSES think of The House of Peterson and send for a copy of Q Little Mook About Roses “*IT LEADS THEM ALL’’ Mailed to intending purchasers on request—to anyone, without obligation to purchase, on receipt of ten cents. GEORGE H. PETERSON Rose and Peony Specialist BOX 50 i FAIR LAWN, N. J. THE BOOKS OF Ellen Glasgow The Ancient Law The Battle Ground The Wheel of Life The Voice of the People The Deliverance The Freeman, and other Poems Published by WOWUBE EI DAWEA PAGE & CO: N.Y. You can make$50%ér15¢ ‘BY GROWING OUR NEW DAKOTA FARMER TOMATO END FOR ANNUAL O.S.SONES & CO. SED CATALOG FREE WITH FULL PARTICULARS MADISON, SOUTH DAKOTA. THE LAWNS OF OLD ENGLAND Are famous for their wonderful perfec- tion and durability. Such lawns may be produced in this country if IMPORTED ENGLISH LAWNS GRASS SEED is used. No weed seeds or coarse grasses. Hardy and beautiful in color and texture. Send for directions — How to Seed and Keep a Beautiful English Lawn. Free. BLATCHFORD’S AGRICULTURAL WORKS, MADISON AND SAND STS., WAUKEGAN, ILL. Established at Leicester, England, in 1800. Even Wild Roses Thrive about the Home When you plant vigorous, hardy bushes, grown in the right section of the country. Southern-grown Roses are the best—else why have the two big rgest Rose firms in the North established plantations in the South en which their stox s produced? The very best of all Roses are those native to the mountain regions of East Tennessee. Peter’s Nursery Grows aos Right— In the very heart of Appalachian America. The strong, field-grown p! lants offered by Peter’s Nursery have all the vigor that is charac teristic of plants froin the. Southern Allezhenies—where eight months growirg seison and four months real = winter combine to give vegetation unusual hardiness, and fertile soil makes it strong and thrifty. The high altitude of Knoxville and our early frosts ripen up our Roses proj erly, too, which is not the case in the portions of the Southland where frosts seldom occur. Roses that Will Bloom for You— “Bloom with the passing of winter’s gloom’’—may be obtained from Peter’s Nursery. All the best kinds, new and old, and every rosea hearty specimen. Send for Special Rose Offer —prices are right; low enough to be reasonable, high enough to guarantee good plants. We will also mail you facts about hedge plants, etc. Write today and “get acquainted.” PETER’S NURSERY COMPANY, Box 323, Knoxville, Tern. a ARIICE 8S crew 5 Green’s Prices: 25 CE T FF One Crawford Peach tree, 1 best New Diploma Currant, N 0 ER. 1 Niagara White Grape, 1 Live Forever hardy Rosebush, all delivered at your home, by mail, for 25 cents. v Fourteen Trees for $1.00, as follows: 8 Plum GREEN S DOLLAR OFFER. trees. 2 Burbank, 2 Lombard, 2 Thanksgiving and 2 Abundance; 1 Bartlett Pear, 9 Elberta Peach, 1 Richmond and 1 Montmorency hardy Cherry trees, 2 Live Forever Rosebushes. Express Collect. All for $1.00. Trees about 4 to 5 feet high, 2 years old. ’ Fifty Plum trees, your choice, about 4 to 5 feet high, GREEN S BIG OFFER. 2 years old, for $3.00. 50 Cherry trees, your choice, about 4 to 5 feet high, 2 years old, $5.00. Cash with order. Send to-day for our 72-page FRUIT CATALOG, 137 fruit pictures, etc., and a copy, of BIG FRUIT MAGAZINE, all a gift to you. Est: iblished 30 years. Capital, $100,000. BOOK WORTH A DOLLAR FOR 10 CENTS. Send 10 cents for postage and mailing Green’s Book on FruitGrowing. GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Box 58, Rochester, N. Y. - The Perfection Oil Heater (Equipped with Smokeless Device) Gives intense heat without smoke or smell. Easily cleaned and cared f¢ Nickel or japan finish Warranted. Ask dealers or write nearest agency. | STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Ineorpornted) OTASH Not only increase of quantity, but also improve- ment in quality, is the result of applying Potash to POTATOES The use of about 10 per cent. of Potash in your commercial fertilizer produces sturdy vines and smooth, solid tubers that bring top prices in the market. POTASH IS PROFIT Valuable Literature, Free, on fertilizing POTATOES and all other crops. e $1.25 ONION SEED $1.25 and up. Write for free samples for testing. Complete Garden Manual, Free. FIELD SEED CO., Box 101, Sheuandoahy Iowa. GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau Street, New York Chicago—llonadnock Block. Atlanta, Ga.— 1224 Candler Bldg. REPL RTBETTE °2 aN TOY The Readers’ Service will give you information about Aulomobiles THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1909 California Grown Prius people have any knowledge of the mag- Praiuee of the Seed Industry in California where thousands of acres are tilled annually to supply the markets of the world. NATIVE FLOWER SEEDS 15 varieties, each of which would be a treasure to any grounds. Some are rare and difficult to obtain. They include the wonderful Matilija Poppy, by many considered the Queen of all Flowers. Also the superb California Poppy, whose Spanish name is Copa de Oro—Cup of Gold. Send 50c for 15 packets, containing 15 varieties of California flower seeds, and we will send them to you post- paid. The regular retail price of these is $1.35. General Seed and Plant Catalogue sent free on request. Established 1871. GERMAIN Seed and Plant Co. Los Angeles, California TRADE MARK - SURE DEATH TO RATS . It is the only rat killer which can be safely used by the householder—harmless to human beings if acci- dentally taken in small quantities, and containing no phosphorus or other inflammable. Made in form of squash seeds—the rat’s favorite food. The rats do not die in the walls, but rush for open air and water. Keeps perfectly in all climates, and is absolutely safe to handle. Will not poison dogs or cats. 20 cents at your druggists, or sent prepaid on receipt of 25:cents. FULTON CHEMICAL CO. 100 William Street New York City OMEN S HANDS tS KEPT HITE AND SOFT A million pairs of these women’s work gloves sold every year. Used in sweep- ing, clothes-hanging, tend- Bing furnace, etc. Protects J hands; Automobile Cuff protects wrist. 25c Five pairs, prepaid $1.00, Fremont Mitten & Glove Co., 319 Wood St., Fremont, O. » Surprise Collection THREE DISTINCT NEW DAHLIAS for $1.00, postage paid, containing one root each of the following: No. 1. H. Hornsveld, delicate salmon pink No. 2. P. W. Janssen, light yellow No. 3. Queen Wilhelmina, pure white A new form resembling a semi-double Paeony; the giant flowers produced in the greatest profusion during the entire season are a delight to every lover of flowers. Free copies of RAWSON’S GARDEN MANUAL for 1909, and RAWSON’S SPECIAL DAHLIA CATALOG mailed free to every applicant. W. W. ADVENTURES IN CONTENTMENT By DAVID GRAYSON One of the significant volumes of last year and a valuable addition to the books that last. “Mr. Grayson preaches with unmistakable sincerity the gos- pel of life outdoors.’—WN. Y. Times. “Sound, sweet, quiet. . .. Such books are like a breath of country wind and always to be welcomed.”— Book News Monthly. “There is a grace of style, a literary finish, about these ‘Adventures in Contentment’ which will appeal strongly to the lover of good literature.” —Brooklyn Eagle. Illustrated by Thomas Fogarty Net, $1.20 (Postage 12c.) COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD’s WORK ‘THE GARDEN SN AMERICA MAGAZINE DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK. RAWSON & CO., Seedsmen 5 UNION STREET, BOSTON, MASS. —will surprise bright fiction. COUNTRY LIFE INTAMERICA SOWING SEEDS IN DANNY By NELLIE L. McCLUNG Wes McCLUNG is a new writer who has both humor and sentiment, and her account of the small Watsons and their neigh- bors—centring around small Danny and the Pink Lady and delight all lovers of Frontispiece. $1.00 THe WoRLD's WoRK Tue GARDER MAGAZINE DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEw YORK. 109 Are you going to refurnish a room? 110 Write to the Readers’ Service for hints T seems illogical to build walls as last- ing as the hills and roof them with present day, kiln dried shingles, which are bound to curl, pulling out nails; which allow dampness or actual train to enter; which are inflammable; and which rot in a comparatively few years. A ZOLIUM roof is permanent because: It is composed of separate layers of a scientifically constructed, fibrous sub- stance that is permanently weatherproof and which will not rot, crack or blow off. These layers are firmly cemented and nailed together, thus absolutely ex- cluding dampness, heat or cold. ZOLIUM will not ignite from sparks. As shown by the lower engraving, each ZOLIUM tile is an integral part of a pliable, impenetrable sheet, which ex- tends from gable to gable. There are no side cracks as with shingles or slate. A ZOLIUM roof is attractive. The color is a deep, rich Indian red, alternat- ing tiles varying slightly in tone. While the cost of ZOLIUM is not less than the first cost of shingles, the absence of repairs and replacements means a big saving. May we explain ZOLIUM more fully with booklet and sample — free ? J.A.&W.BIRD& CO. 29 INDIA ST., BOSTON, MASS. Is Permanency More Import- antin Walls than on the Roof? Warrants We sell all our seeds under three warrants, which practically cover all risks. This is the reason the largest gardeners and planters in the country sow GREGORY ’S Seeds They take no chances. Everyone interested in vegetable and flower growing should send for Gregory’s Seed Book — It’s FREE Write to-day for a copy. J.J. W. GREGORY & SON, Marblehead, Mass. TWO APPLE TREES $1.00 Value for 25c. One McIntosh and One Banana Apple for 25c. post paid Dansville grown, fresh dug, true to name, every tree as represented, no scale, no risk, personal attention given every order. Send us a list of your wants for wholesale prices. Freight paid. Write for free catalog. MALONEY BROS. & WELLS, Box 22, Dansville,N. Y. EVERGREENS. Largest stock in America, including Colorado Blue Spruce and Douglas Spruce of Colorado. Also Ornamental Shade and Forest Trees. R. DOUGLAS’ SONS Waukegan, IIl. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE MarcH, 1909 Hints for Planting Beans ie PLANTING the bush limas, the best plan is to make a slight ridge and plant the beans about twelve inches apart, being careful to push the edge of the bean into the soil with the eye down. My own plan of planting the bush limas, upon which I depend for my entire supply, is radi- cally different, but needs very rich soil to produce good results. I wait until the ground has become thoroughly warm, or until about the end of May; then open a furrow with the small hand-plow, sow the beans thickly — one quart to 100 feet of row —-and cover with a slight ridge by plowing in on the beans on both sides of the row. This seems like a rough way of planting, but in the warm, loose soil the beans come up quickly, make a strong growth, and bear a large crop of pods until killed by frost in the fall. It should be remembered, however, that the soil has been heavily ma- nured and fertilized on this plot for about fifteen years, and that while my lima beans have not had a single hoeing during the past two summers, the space between the rows is worked with a horse cultivator at least twice a week during the spring and summer. This is continued even after the plants in the rows nearly meet across the cultivated space between the rows. The bush limas will grow in any rich soil, but will produce most heavily on well- drained land and are especially well adapted for growing on a light, sandy soil, as the dense growth serves to shade the roots and to keep the soil comparatively cool. On heavy, moist soils they make too much growth of foliage, setting pods sparingly, and also later in the season. ‘The pole kinds give better results on such soils because the vines are supported by the poles and receive a much larger amount of sunlight. The dwarf bush beans as commonly grown for use as snap-shorts are very easily raised, the chief difficulty being the lability of the foliage and pods to the disease known as ‘“‘anthracnose,” or as it is more commonly called ‘‘rust,” which results in checking the growth of the foliage and making brown- ish or discolored spots on the young pods. Spraying with a weak solution of Bordeaux mixture has been recommended as a pre- ventive, but as this trouble is chiefly or almost entirely confined to cool, rainy weather, it is difficult to use the spray in such weather so as to afford any real protection, and to my mind the best plan is to.keep on making successional plantings in the hope of a change Marcu, 1909 THE THE BUTTONS =| CUSHION —_ ) RUBBER BUTTON SS ' SUPPORTERS \, WORN ALL OVER THE WORLD ¥& DURABLE STYLISH § COMFORTABLE WEBS FRESH FROM THE LOOMS METAL PARTS HEAVY NICKEL PLATE THIS GUARANTY COUPON-In Yellow tS ATTACHED THIS WAY )5q= TO EVERY PAIR OFTHE GENUINE— BE SURE TS THERE. Sample Pair, Mercerized 25c., Silk 50c. IS GUARANTEED TO DEALER AND USER AGAINST IMPERFECTIONS Mailed on receipt of price ST IBUTTONGIAND GEORGE FROST COMPANY, Makers |}|LOOPSARE LICENSED BOSTON FOR USE ON THIS HOSE SUPPORTER WEAR LONGER THAN OTHERS ONLY. |The Wizard of Horticulture Mr. Luther Burbank says: “The Delicious apple is correctly named. It | is the best in quality of any apple I have so ,ar tested —it is a gem,’’ and he knows. The U. S. Pomologist Col. George B. Brackett, says: “T always told you I consider Delicious best of all varieties you have introduced.’’ A Free Sample of this famous Delicious apple will be sent on request. It is the greatest quality apple of the age, selling at 509% more than Jonathan. No orchard is up-to-date without Delicious trees. Stark Trees are always best; always bear fruit and every tree has our reputation of 84 years backing it. Our stock is complete; all lines in full assortment. Write today for the free sample apple, also for the Stark Fruit Book and “The Apple Stark Delicious” —a wonderful new book showing Delicious and King David inr -ture’s own colors. Stark Bro’s Box 23 Louisiana, Mo. Choicest Named Dahlias e 10 Cents each, $1.00 a dozen, postpaid 20 My Choice for $1.00, postpaid Mrs. H. A. TATE Old Fort, N. C. Do you want a F SWEETHEART ? The most beautiful free flowering and delightfully fra- grant ofallclimbing roses. Itisa strong, vigorous grower, rapidly climbing to the top of the trellis or porch and cov- @- ered with exquisitely beautiful, very double flowers. — Color, bright pink shading to white. Price, 20cents. . . This grand hybrid tea rose isa “gem Prince Charming of the first water.’’ < om Flowers are very large and fragrant. LOSS 5 Ro Color,cleargolden yellow, shaded pink. A SEG) hy ? Blooms constantly. Price, 20 cents, S = . To readers of this pa- ~<=7% . Special Offer per we offer a strong Sy If well-grown plant of each of the above “ varieties for only 25 cents. Six of each fA RY, (12 plantsinall)-for only $1.25, ora large Hp \W\, two-year-old plant of each for 60 cents. Y M6 of each for $2.50 delivered to you charges prepaid. \ Our large beautifully illus- i\ Floral Catalogue trated catalogue of Plants, \\W\ Bulbs and Seeds sent free if you mention this paper. IOWA SEED CoO., Des Moines, Iowa. I} you wish to purchase lve stock G A R D E N M A G A LE, I NE write to the Readers’ Sere 111 Keep The Tank Throw Away The Tower HAT’S what you do when you install a Kewanee System of Water Supply ! The Kewanee Pneumatic Tank is buried in the ground or located in the cellar—there is no eleva- ted or attic tank to freeze, over-flow, leak or col- lapse—and the water is delivered by air pres- sure evenly and abundantly to all fixtures. Temperate in winter and cool in summer. Every country or suburban home can be provided with all the sanitary conveniences and comforts of the best city water system with The Kewanee System of Water Supply which ten years of practical experience and technical knowledge of trained experts has made the most perfect, the most practical of all water supply systems. Over nine thousand Kewanee Systems in successful operation supplying water for country and suburban residences, clubs, farms, schools, public and private institutions, villages, etc. The Kewanee System is not an imitation—is not a substitute. It is the original water supply system involving the use of air pressure instead of gravity pressure. Avoid cheap imitations. Look for our trade mark and name plates on tanks and pumping machinery. Get the genuine and you will take no chances—we guarantee that. Expert engineering service is free. Every Kewanee System thoroughly guar- anteed—a guarantee which protects you. Writ te our complete illustrated catalog O. Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, Ill. 1212 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, Ill. 1566 Hudson-Terminal Fulton Bldg., 50 Church St., New York City. 710 Diamond Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. LONG ISLAND’S FAMOUS NURSERY ONE HUNDRED ACRES OF THE FINEST SPECIMENS E HAVE just issued the third edition of our NURSERY BOOK, giving accurate and trustworthy descriptions of the stock, and containing valuable information on the planting and care of trees and shrubs. This book is of great value to those especially interested in rare Evergreens, Rhododendrons and Japanese Azaleas. . . . (Also makers of the new ‘*Reeco”-Electric Pump.) Five or six seeds should be planted around 35 Warren Street, New York 40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 234 Craig Street West, Montreal, P.Q. one : a 239 Franklin Street, Boston 4o North 7th Street, Philadelphia 22 Pilt Street, Sydney, N.S. W. syne mate each pole for the tal]l kinds and, with the —— es large, flat beans, take time to press each one into the soil with the eye down so that the large seed leaves may have no difficulty in ee getting through the soil in an erect position.. y inclosing your grounds with the stron ae most or- s Ly namental and christs fence on the renket This iilus- Distorted or crooked stalks and a check in tration can give you buta faint idea of the beauties of growth are liable to result from a careless planting of the broad, flat beans, if indeed La wn the seed does not rot in the ground. Place F the poles at a good distance apart, say three It has all theadvantages of any other form of fence with- and a half feet each way, especially with the strong-growing sorts, so that there may be out their disadvantages, and is made in several sizes and a free circulation of light and air through cis fo mental wasitenents., Complaeulistate! | | the vines as well as to the soil about the SLEETH-BROOK & SEAMAN CO roots. If grown too closely together, the blossoms will drop off and fail to form pods. ide pS Se There is seldom any trouble with the rust or anthracnose with the pole varieties, ex- cepting a few of the European snap beans which are not acclimated to our hot summers. Pennsylvania 18, 1D); ID). HE HEALTH of yourself and family This is why The Monroe is installed in the best is surely worth the price of a strictly flats and apartments, and why The Monroe is sanitary refrigerator. found today in a large majority of the very best G : i homes in the United States. The Monroe is the only solid porcelain And it’s why yow should have The Monroe in refrigerator. : The inside is one solid piece 4 9~7 home—for the sake of knowing your food —a “china dish”’ with walls an inch thick. 7s c/ean, and to protect the family’s health at the Most other refrigerators have cracks and sametime. Read our liberal offer corners which can never be really cleaned. The Monroe can be sterilized and rendered germilessly cleanin every partinan instantby simply wiping it out with a cloth wrung from hotwater. Thisis not true of most refrigerators —no matter what is claimed by the makers. Timely Advice lowest Factory Prices. We Pay the Freigh IN-SE people out of ten who complain ; about patchy lawns in summer have never fed the grass. Have you? Before you LL Write zoday for The Monroe Catalog. Pick out the Bie size and style refrigerator you wish to try, convince us try any costly, radical change, get ten cannot in your own way that you are entitled to our trust and pounds of nitrate of soda at a local seed store. buy a confidence, and we'll send you a refrigerator at once, all ; 3 i Monroe freight prepaid. Use it in your own home 60 days and Don’t put the dry nitrate on the growing Beaton. prove to yourself that The Monroe is all we claim. Then grass, but useiton the bare spots. Then from decide whether you wish to keep it. Remember, all z z ik ‘ll al § Je al 1 dealer risk and expense is ours. Write today. water t SOU evel wim ah WEES SOUL Win € Wo sell MONROE REFRIGERATOR CO., Station 13 CINCINNATI, 0. astonished and delighted. Persevere, and » to users rq) YOu will take pride in your lawn and a new only. rsh i interest in gardening. I l ing to build the Readers’ Marcu , 1909 alt H E G A R D E N M A G A HL, I N E Ae HE? helpful Lieaestiew 113; The Fence the Government Demands How ‘‘Uncle Sam’”’ Gets His Money’s Worth Page Fence bears the high honor of being the standard of comparison adopted by the United States Government. Your “Uncle Sam” knows about the different makes of wire fence, and from repeated tests in government laboratories and in the field, he v3 knows that one make of wire fence stands pre-eminent in tensile strength, = YJ elasticity and the various other qualities that go to make up a perfect fence. You "pq at — 2 can easily guess which fence this is from the fact that when the wise old man wants VII "| _ bids on wire fence for government parks, Indian reservations, etc., he quietly slips JW in this little proviso— ‘*‘ PAGE FENCE OR EQUAL.’’ The only “pull” Page Fence has with the government is its tremendous tensile strength of 80 TONS TO 4 sis = THE SQUARE INCH, due to its Page Special Process high-carbon, open hearth steel. The Best Bessemer steel fence wire on the market will stand only half that terrific strain. With the single exception of Page Fence, all other wire fences on the market are made of common Bessemer steel. Do you wonder that “Uncle Sam” is one of our steady customers? ee ENCE oor “JUBILEE YE AR” OR QUARTER-CENTENNIAL OF PAGE FENCE Send today for the “Jubilee Edition” of the Great Page Fence Catalog The Coil—and the Recoil ! of steel than any other fence. Has many times longer life than ordi- Saves Posts, Nails and Staples The horizontal wires are coiled lengthwise and are so elastic that nary wire fence, being practically indestructible. Ordinary wire fencing requires double the number of posts, nails and when stock stampede into it, or falling trees crush it, or zero weather con- No Welded Wires! No Short Strands! staples needed in Erecting Page Fence. tracts it, it springs back, taught and rigid, the moment it is released. It is ie : 4 : When you add to this big sav ing, the extra years of service and self-adjusting, over hills, in hollows — anywhere. The Stay Wire is one continuous piece, firmly secured at top and bottom, satisfaction that Page Fence gives, you will see why this is really the a6 and is wrapped THREE TIMES around every horizontal. This makes it cheapest fence you can buy. Heavy Galvanizing z impossible for horizontal wires to slide up and down. No short wires fused Let the Government's choice be yours! Buy Page Fence and you'll Page Fence carries more pounds of galvanizing zinc and spelter per ton by electric heat— where every weld makes a weak spot. get your money’s worth, the same as ‘‘Uncle Sain.’ Our 25 years of experience quali- fies us to give the most reliable information obtainable anywhere. Costs you nothing to consult our fence experts. Tells how Page Fence is made — how we test the liquid steel —how we weave life, elasticity, service into every inch of it. It’s interesting— and every word rings true. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE COMPANY, Box 83P, ADRIAN, MICHIGAN The “QUESTION BOX” Everybody Invited to Ask Questions About Wire Fences. Prompt Answers FREE “Jubilee Catalog” Free A book that every Farmer, Stock Raiser, Dairy- man and Poultryman should read. Send for it. Ready—Bound Volume VIII Meae frarden Magazine (August 1908 to January 1909, inclusive) The most beautiful, interesting and practically helpful volume of the magazine yet published. VOLUMES I to VII. $2.00 (Feb. to July, 705. Aug. ’06 to Jan. ’06. Feb. to July, ’06, and Aug. ’06 to Jan. ’07.) Express Prepaid $2.32 IF YOU SEND US YOUR OWN COPIES FOR BINDING the charge is 75 cents (or $1.07 including the express charges for return of the volume to you). Or, if we send the cover (for permanent binding) to you for your own binder to stitch on, the charge is 50 cents. (62 cents including postage.) BACK NUMBERS TO COMPLETE BROKEN FILES FOR BINDING, 15 CENTS EACH, excepting October and April numbers, which are 25 cents each. Indexes for volumes one, two and three sent free on request to those who bind their own volumes. A NEW LOT OF FINE TEMPORARY BINDERS—can be used year after year—at $1.00, postpaid. IN RETURNING COPIES MARK YOUR NAME AND ADDRESS PLAINLY ON THE PACKAGE DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., - - 133-137 EasT SIXTEENTH STREET, NEW York City VOLUME VII. Price, $1.35 Express Prepaid $1.6¢ The volumes of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE contain much of the best practical information extant on the various branches of gardening. They are completely indexed for immediate and handy reference, and are in themselves an inex- haustible garden library to be added to year by year at comparatively slight expense. Jf your file of the magazine is incomplete, this is your opportunity. Ui 1 to build, the Readers’ 114 pes el ineediens ali H E G A R D EK N M A G A Wy I N E Marcu , 1909 Victor V Other styles $10 to $300 “Why, that is the real thing —you can’t tell it from the actual human voice!” That's what people say every day, upon hearing the /7céor. And when their amazement is over they further exclaim, ‘I never knew the Victor was like that!” | Do you know what the Victor is like? You owe it to yourself to hear it. Any Victor dealer will gladly play any Victor music you want to hear. Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., u.s. A. Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors REG.U.S, PAT, OFF. Ss on Victor Records. A complete list of new Ts: meee for March will be found in the March ime of Munsey’s, Scribner’s, McClure’s, Century, Eve1ybody’s, Current Literature, and April Cosmopolitan. DAHLIAS 2283's LARGEST FLOWER GROWN 19 08. a prizes at Am- GORGEOUS BouaveTs-2 BuLes FOR $1--6 FOR $2.50-12 FOR $3.60 ee Institute, N. Y., 1908. Nee est and best varie- DOVER DAHLIA GARDENS Box 12 ROCKY RIVER, 0. ties Cactus, Decorative, Show, Fancy, Pompon, Pzony-Flowered and single Dahlias. Catalog free if you mention this magazine. ‘GEO. L. STILLMAN, “7o%°".22" Westerly, R. I. FRUITS, FLOWERS, TREES Big variety to select from. I carry every kind of nursery stock. Ornamental trees, small fruits, evergreens, fruit trees, hedges, bulbs, roses, flowering bushes, aspar- agus, ete. All are hardy, strong plants, full of growing life and natural vigor. I have everything needed for the garden, tools, spray pumps, mixtures, ete. Write for free spraying guide and handsome catalog. Doitnow. A.J. Collins, BoxT, Moorestown, N.J. Early Spring Suggestions 6 Base first half of March is the best pe- riod in this section for an early sow- ing of oats. The best seed-bed is made by breaking the ground with a disk harrow and disk drill. After harrowing once, seed with the drill crosswise. Leave the surface reasonably level by dragging or rolling. Use no commercial fertilizer, but all the barnyard manure you can, applying it in a pulverized condition and not too heavily. Whenever a rest crop is needed for a field that has become worn out, sow orchard grass and clover, which will also hold the soil. Sow the grass thick so that it will not grow in tufts, but will form an even sod. Broadcast the seed and harrow or roll it in lightly. When sown alone, two bushels an acre is the usual amount. Sow the seed in this lo- cality in February or early March, if the ground is dry enough. The seed gener- ally ripens in June. Clover seed can be sown with the timothy and orchard grass, planting only one at a time crosswise. Spread a light coating of the manure over those parts of the field where there has been difficulty in getting a good stand. Old pastures and meadows can be thickened and patched by reseeding the bare spots with clover and bluegrass. When patch- ing, use a little manure. Buy only the best, recleaned grass and clover seed. Kentucky. E. W. JONEs. The Truth About Cantaloup [Pee word cantaloup (also written cante- loupe, etc.), according to the Century Dictionary, comes from “Cantalupo, a town in Italy, where it was first grown in Europe.” Others say ‘‘Cantelloupi, an estate near Rome belonging to the Pope.” Certainly the type did not originate there (it is supposed to have come from Armenia) and certainly the Century Dictionary’s definition is wrong and must give way to that accepted by the “‘Cyclopedia of American Horticulture” and ‘“‘Vilmorin’s Vegetable Garden.” Strictly speaking, a cantaloup is a melon with a hard and warty rind, as opposed to the nutmeg type, which has a netted rind. The cantaloup type is practically unknown in this country and the Southern use of the word as exactly synonymous with muskmelon is simply the result of that natural law by which every word in common use comes to have two meanings—a narrow one and a broad one. Marcu, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 115 Delightful | Volumes for Children of All Ages “Parents will find this series good for all ages ”— Philadelphia Inquirer. “There is no question as to its lit- erary distinction and value.”-—New York Tribune. “An admirable juvenile library.”— Journal, Providence. “Provides a foundation for a good reference library.” —Chicago Post. “Delightful tales for young read- ers.” —The Gleaner, Detroit. “The cream of world-lore is here.”— Philadelphia Item. “All parents must feel that they owe a debt of gratitude to Mr. Mabie.”— Herald, Auguste. “Delightful, not only for children but for manyadults.”—Chicago Record- Herald. The Set Sent For Your Approval In order to make it possi- ble for every parent, and for everyone interested in chil- dren, to see this set, we will send it for your approval sO you May pass your own judgment. Mail the coupon withone dollar. We will for- ward the eight volumes at once, carriage paid, and enter you for Ihe World’s Work for a full year. If you don’t agree with us return the books, carriage collect, and we will refund your first payment. The lib- rary is- worth $12.00. The W orld’ s Work isworth $3.00. You can have the $15.00 worth for $1.00 now and $1.00 a month for eight months. Sending the coupon puts you under no obligation what- ever but it does give you an oppor- tunity to see these delightful vol- umes. WRITE TO-DAY. “My opportunities in youth jor acquiring an edu- cation were limited, but I had the great good jortune of being well supplied with useful books, and these gave me my start in lije.’’—DanteL WEBSTER. SASASAARS © Nansen <4 wise mother and good books enabled me to succeed in lije. She was very poor, but never too poor to buy the proper books for her children.’ —HeNRyY Cuay. The Every Child Should Know Library | A Dollar Bill The World’s Work for| Brings Both a full year crue All parents, and those interested in the education of children, know how difficult it is to secure just the right kind of reading for them. Childhood is the decisive period of life, for it is then that habits and tastes are formed that have most do with the development of character. In this library the work that you would do yourself, if you had the time, money and literary judgment, has been done for you by the best critics who have spent their lives in the study of literature and in whose opinion you may have perfect confidence. Hamilton Wright Mabie has edited “FAMOUS STORIES,” “FAIRY TALES,” “HEROES,” and “HEROINES.” “BIRDS” isby . . . . Neltje Blanchan “WATER WONDERS” is by Jean M. Thompson “POEMS” is edited by . . Mary E. Burt “SONGS” is edited by . . Dolores Bacon There Are No Better Books for the Children This is the first time that a collection of such unusual merit has been offered at a price so low. The editorial work that had to be done is enormous. | The literature of the entire world has been drawn upon and the selections have been made from thousands oj volumes. This set of books constitutes a complete library for a child, one in which pride will be taken and that will encourage the habit of good reading. We have decided to include with it, as an introductory offer, AFULL YEAR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO THE WORLD’S WORK. You may use both as a gift, send the magazine to a friend, or if you are already a subscriber, have your subscription extended. r— Dovustepay, Pace & Co. 133 East 16th St., New York Gentlemen: I accept your offer and enclose $1.00 for which you are to enter me for a year’s subscrip- tion to The World’s Work and send me the “Every Child Should Know Library.” After examination I will either return the books to you or send you $1.00 a month for eight months. 116 Dai ee eam Si)D! (GMINA IDIGN WONGAZ IN & NeAmem, 1602 A Spraying Outfit for $8.50 M* SPRAYING tank cost exactly $8.50 and was made by my brother from lumber that we had on hand. If we had had to purchase the lumber, wheels, etc., it would probably have amounted to two or three dollars more, but even then the entire cost would not have been much in com- parison with the usefulness of the outfit and the length of time it will last. I have used mine for five years and it will probably last five years longer. I never leave any mixture in the tank and pump, but always wash them thoroughly, even though I expect to spray again within twenty-four hours. About once a year I paint the pump and the tank outside, and inside as far as I can reach, especially along the seams, using any paint that is convenient. The sides, ends and bottom of the tank were of single width boards; the top of short narrow boards running crosswise. The seams were filled with white lead to prevent leaking after the boards were nailed together. The wheels (two feet four inches in diameter) and axletree were quite heavy and were at one time part of a similar cart. _ The handles were made of oak strips about 2X 2in., screwed to the tank. The legs were at first made of oak strips the same size as the handles, but they proved to be too weak and were apt to sink into the ground. I bought some broad tire-iron and had it bent so that it would form two right angles, holes being put at each end so that it could be screwed on to the tank. The tank, which is eleven inches high, eighteen inches wide, and three feet seven inches long, can be more easily cleaned Just what every amateur wants to know about growing flowers and VeSeta oles. 3 told in clear, concise, untechnical lan- guage by the ablest horti- cultural writers of the day, expressly for . Dreer’s Garden Book for 1909. Over 100 Special Cultural Articles by such well-known specialists and authorities as HELENA RUTHERFURD ELy, author of ‘“A Woman’s Hardy Garden,’’ etc. Pror. L. H. BAILey, editor of “Encyclopedia of American Horticulture.” Mr. WILLIAM FALCONER, former editor of ‘‘Gardening.”’ Mr. GrEorGE W. OLIVER, expert plantsman and writer. Mr. W. C. EGAN, the eminent amateur. Mr. EBEn E. REXFORD, the well-known writer on House Plants. Mr. T. GREINER, author of “How to Make the Garden Pay,” etc., etc. And our own corps of experts. Dreer’s Garden Book for 1909 has been enlarged to 256 pages, and contains in addition to the invaluable garden information re- ferred to above, color and duotone plates and photographic illus- trations of worthy novelties and the dependable standard varieties of vegetables and flowers. We will send a copy without charge if you mention this magazine HENRY A. DREER, Muti jea Begonias. ‘aved). Mt years {n ntains (] varieties os Two useful carts for the garden made at small cost Marcu, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE If you are planning to build, the Readers’ How Any One Can Grow Mushrooms Delightful Occupation — Delicious Delicacy for the Home Table and a Good Income if you Wish. Ihave been growing mushrooms for over twelve years. I probably know more about the subject of mushroom culture than anyone Ise in America. From a start with a few dollars’ capital I built up the largest mush- coom farm in America, with acres of bed space in cultivation. By actual experience [ have learned just how mushrooms can be grown and what’s even more important, aow they can not be grown. Growing mushrooms is really no more difficult than growing radishes. It ’s just a matter of knowing how. Every failure in the mushroom business can be traced to poor spawn and unreliable -nformation. I have shown thousands of men and women how to grow mushrooms successfully. Most all of them are now in the business growing for profit and making a good income without interfering with their regular occupation with this wonderful, easy, pleasant pastime. I hope soon that a mushroom bed will be as common as vegetable gardens. I have written a little book which gives truthful, teliable, experienced information about mushroom culture, where mushrooms can be grown, how to have a mushroom bed in your cellar, etc. It also tells about spawn and how to secure really reliable spawn. I shall gladly send you this book FREE. If you have never tried mushroom growing, or if you have tried and failed because of the causes of which I have spoken, write for my free book in which I will show you beyond the shadow of a doubt that you’ can haye a fine mushroom bed. Address A. V. JACKSON Jackson Mushroom Farm 3481 Northwestern Ave. CHICAGO, ILL. oS te\ ‘GARDENS S FLORAL GUIDE Vick’s Quality Vegetables Vick’s Golden Nugget Corn, an extra choice new variety. Laxtonian Pea, extra large and very productive. Packet, 15c; % pint, 4oc. Vick’s New Swastika Pea; vines dwarf, pods five inches long, containing from seven to ten large peas. Packet; 10c ; % pint, 20c. Vick’s Earliana Tomato. Earliest and best, large, smooth, perfect form, bright red color and delicious flavor. Packet, 10¢; 3% ounce, 35c. Vick’s Mikado Pink Aster. shade of pink; petals long, narrow and gracefully reflexed; blooms from six to “seven inches in diameter, with stems two feet or more in length. Vick’s Garden and Floral Guide The finest seed catalogue of the year. Tells how to grow Vick Quality Vegetables and Flowers. upon request, MES VICKS SONS, 362 Main 2ky Rochester, N. Y. Packet, 15c; %4 pint, 25c. Color, an exquisite Packet, 25c. Sent gratis The Modern Peony— Queen of Hardy Flowers Is justly entitled to its increasing popularity. Easy to grow, hardy everywhere without protection, free from disease and insects, permanent when once established, the Peony is equally at home as a single clump beside the doorway of the humblest cottage or in broad vistas of gorgeous color effects on the grounds ofa large estate. This magnificent flower has no equal for garden display, and for decorative purposes. Fall is the best time to plant Peonies, but, if you didn’t get yours out last autumn, it will be better to plant this spring than to wait until autumn. The start secured by roots put out this spring will show in earlier and better blooms next year. But plant early —as soon as the frost is out of the ground. Order the roots now. It is Safe to Buy only from a Specialist The high price of many choice kinds has led to unscrupulous substitutions, and Peonies untrue to name and inferior in quality are likely to be had if bought from general dealers. My collection of 600 varieties is unequaled in many respects; eight years’ careful attention was given it before any stock was offered for sale. Duplicates have been eliminated, synonymous names noted and less desirable kinds discarded. I know every Peony I offer, grow and sell all my stock, and guarantee everything true to name. Hence such commendations as these: “The Peonies were very, very beautiful and so much admired.”—Mrs. A. Frame, Reading, Pa. ‘The Peonies arrived O. K. Thank you forthe selection and pains taken in shipping them.’’—H. W. Clark Providence, R.I. ‘The Peonies arrived promptly, all good, healthy roots and Iam much pleased with them.’’ Two weeks later: ‘‘The second lot of Peonies arrived Thursday, the time specified. The roots weze strong and robust and gave great Satisfaction.’’-—Lvman Hoysradt, New York. My Catalogue Free—Write today for a copy and let us become acquainted B. H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries, 809D Penn Street, Reading, Pa. IRISES—My collection of these beautiful plants has been pronounced the finest in this country ROSES—Very heavy, dormant plants, two years old, from Dickson’s famous Irish stock Select Southern-Grown Roses HE most satisfactory Roses are from plants grown in the South — many Northern florists get their stock from this section. The long growing season and abun- dance of sunshine help to give the plants large size and great vigor in the shortest possible time. Fairfax Roses are grown far enough South to de- velop under these exceed- ingly favorable conditions. On the other hand, my Nurseries are far enough North to ripen properly my two-year-old plants and afford them a long season of rest. My large Roses are wintered in cold- frames, and are in the best possible condition for spring planting. Every facility that means well - matured, thrifty plants is at my command. I am offering every Rose, new and old, that has aoe to be of value for garden planting, especially i in the hybrid tea class. My superior growing advantages, because of ideal location, enable me to quote extremely reasonable prices. W. R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, VA. Service can give you helpjul suggestions 1 17 The Readers’ Service will give you infor- mation about leading hotels anywhere y Once in Them Onl Grow Vour Flowers in Illinois Self- Watering Flower Boxes and Water With Brown's AUTO-SPRA No careful, experienced gardener omits a good sprayer from his The garden and field crops, fruits and vines must be pro- equipment. tected from the ravages of insects and plant diseases. Why not follow the example of practically all the Government and State Experiment Stations and 300,000 Gardeners, Farmers and Fruit Growers, and use one of Brown’s sprayers. Auto-Spray No. 1, Hand Power, capacity 4 gallons, is just the thing for all round work for small orchards or field crops up to 5 acres. Fitted with the Auto-Pop Nozzle, this sprayer does more work and does it better than three men can do with ordinary sprayers. Itis madein two styles, brass and galvanized iron, is non-corrodible, and suited for spraying all kinds of solutions without clogging. Itis the best machine obtainable for whitewashing and disinfecting poultry houses and stables. We Make 40 Styles and Sizes of the Auto-Spray and Sell Direct at Factory Prices Our Traction Power Rigs for large orchard work are superior to all other power sprayers built because most simple, dependable and capable of developing and sustaining greatest pressure. No expert or experienced help isneeded to operate them. Power costs nothing. Fear of breakage and costly delay eliminated. Write for Free Spraying Guide and Catalogue. Let us send you this spraying guide compiled by Prof. Slingerland of Cornell University College of Agriculture. Letus prove to you that we are Headquarters for the sprayer that will produce for you the most gratifying and profitable results. Every Auto-Spray is Guaranteed to Satisfy THEE. C. BROWN C0., 34 Jay St., ROCHESTER, N.Y. Two Weeks OU will then have better, hardier, longer- lived plants with less time and Q trouble. It’s the ' u cannot afford to place trees, shrubs, roses, vines, small For Large Yields Spray Most Efficient, Rapid and Convenient , Shrub Roses THE GARDEN MAGAZINE x Hand Power Auto-Spray No.1 your order th year fruits, perennials, fact, anything for grounds, orchard or fruit ga te a fr matural way of growing flowers. The roots absorb just the necessary amount of water from reservoir at . “4 bottom of metal box, which is filled about once in two weeks. Boxes neatly fj made of metal; rust and leak-proof. Inexpensive—Sold on 30 days’ FREE trial. Illustrated descriptive book with prices FREE. Write to-day. : Special.—o6-page book ‘Miniature and Window Garden- ing.” Instructive and interesting. Tells all about growing flowers. Regular price 75 cents; our Special Price for limited edition, 50 cents, prepaid. ILLINOIS HEATER & MFG. CO., _ Miss Whites=s4 $ “&. Ly, oh, F % 5 LOWE R S Ss \\ FIVE PACKETS= aw Gl FT YOUR SELECTION ITH my handsome 1909 catalog (if no one in your family has received a copy and you so state) I will send » you a coupon good for five full packets to be sent postpaid, your choice from 40 popu- lar kinds I list in my catalog at 3 cts. each — provided you send me the addresses of two other flower growers. Write now —a postal— why not? MISS EMMA Y. WHITE, Seedswoman $014 Aldrich Avenue So., Minneapolis, Minn. 87 Lake St., Chicago, Ill. new Catalog. All money-makers; begins July Ist, ends September Ist. small-fruit plant. W. N. SCARFF, S~ Money Making Better be sure of a big crop when you buy. traveling agent or irresponsible dealer. ‘ disappointment. Rest easy. Order “‘Scarff’s Bearing Strains” of blackberries and other small fruits. D Our bargain collection of blackberries ought to strike you just right. 5 varieties: early, medium, late; fruiting Book on ‘‘Transplanting’’ sent with each order. Write for new catalog. If you ask we will send free with catalog | fine you have the New Grover Book for 1909, — We supply the choicest select stock, Nor y and healthy, graded to the hizhest st f one-third to one-half prices others a WW as any dealer. Write today Fr ofier of Free Landsea st fo customers, p! os : you are free book r ery Co. Rochester, N. Y,. KING GRAPE if Race is the splendid large blue sort, originated on the Vinecroft Farm, which was so well described in Prof. Fletcher’s illustrated ar- ticle in the GarpEN MaAGazine of Febr., 1908 84 Trust Bui I now have some of these KING vines for sale. Write for description and prices to the originator, WM. K. MUNSON Vinecroft Farm GRAND RAPIDS - - MICHIGAN You may save a mite by trading with some Fruiting time might bring great But you risk a lot. It’s on the back of our New Carlisle, Ohio. Marcu, 1909 than a barrel and holds nearly the same amount of fluid. It tips down in front about four inches so that all the fluid can be pumped out. The pump is at the end nearest the handles, and at the other, near the bottom, is a faucet for emptying the contents. The tank is so low that the pump can be worked easily. The spraying mixtures are poured through an opening in the top and whenever the mixture needs straining a piece of burlap is tacked loosely over this opening. The pump is a brass-lined force pump, which, when first bought, was fitted with an agitator, also with a Vermorel nozzle on four feet of finch hose. The agitator was useless, however, as the mixture was kept well stirred by the tank being drawn over the ground. The Vermorel nozzle became too easily clogged, so I purchased a Bordeaux nozzle. This I found to be of more use for Bordeaux and other mixtures containing lime. Four feet of hose was much too short for our requirements, so fifteen feet of the same size was added to our equipment. The nozzle was fastened to an elbow on the end of a 4-inch iron tube ten feet long (a strong, slender strip of lumber might also be used for the purpose), which will lift both nozzle and hose high enough to thoroughly spray the top branches of peach, plum, cherry and young apple trees. I find this outfit is all I need for fifty fruit trees, twenty-five currant bushes and a large patch of raspberry bushes. The cost of this spraying outfit was: Pump . : : 5 : 3 : $6.00 HS siti IWOSS 5 : : 6 1.50 Bordeaux nozzle . 5 3 3 5 : -60 White lead. 3 bo haha . 3 & -10 Nails and screws . j 3 . : , 05 Legs . a o O ch Sie 6 5 25 $8.50 My garden cart is also home-made. The wheels and axletrees were from an old carriage. A box six inches deep, three feet wide and three and three-fourths feet long was made from old fence boards. Two strips of wood about 2x 2 in. were nailed along each side at the bottom and extend two feet beyond the box. Another strip nailed across the ends of.the long strips forms a handle for the cart. The box is mounted on the axletree at the centre, which, with the wheels, formed part of an old carriage. The cart may be pushed, but is more easily pulled. I have never had any legs on it, as it tips back when it is pulled along, and by tipping it forward while it is being loaded, part of the load does not roll off when the cart is being drawn. I use this cart to draw in the produce from two acres of land which yield well; also to draw brush, rakings, corn stalks, manure, chicken coops, or whatever needs to be carted around. It is much better to use in the garden than a wheelbarrow or a small 4-wheeled cart, as it does not tip over easily, rides over bumps and hollows without balking, will carry a large quantity and is easily unloaded. Michigan. FLoy WARNER. Marcu, 1909 THE GARDEN Orlando J. Smith, request. have ever been offered. E. W. and M. F. Smith, Managers New York Central. The Sugar Maple on the lawn. Our specimen trees will produce a like effect in an incredibly short time MAGAZINE AMAWALK NURSERY SPECIMEN DECIDUOUS and EVERGREEN TREES Ready for shipment this spring, a large number of specimen Norway and sugar maples, pyramidal maples, oaks, beeches, Koster and Colorado blue spruce, golden retinosporas and other hardy trees. These are part of 250,000 trees collected in 1905 in England, Holland and France, by the late Major and developed by him on Ws nursery at Amawalk, N. Y., as specimen trees. is the first time any have been offered for sale. Only perfect specimen trees are sold. Illustrated catalogue, containing prices, sent on The prices are the lowest at which specimen trees AMAWALK NURSERY Box C, AMAWALK, N. Y. ESTATE OF ORLANDO J. SMITH The Amawalk Nursery is situated on the Putnam Division of the It is on the state road from New York to Lake Mahopac, and is nine miles east of Peekskill and eleven miles north of Briarcliff Manor. Service can ojlen give helpjul suggestions This Stephen Bradley, Superintendent The Norway Maple as a street tree. The quick effect of our specimen trees makes their use decided economy $3,600 NET PROFIT ON 9 ACRES OF CABBAGE Mr. George Federolf, who lives five miles north of Brownsville, Texas, in the Gulf Coast Country, planted 9 acres in cabbages, from which he marketed 227,000 pounds. He sold theentire crop to McDavitt Brothers, Commission Merchants of Brownsville, for $4,000. According to Mr. Federolf’s statement, it only cost him $400 to grow the entire crop and load it on the cars. His net profit, above all cost, was $3,600. This crop was planted in December and sold in March, a pretty good showing for four months’ work. The same land will produce two or three crops a year. Do you wonderthat somanymen are leaving their jobs in the North and going down to the Gulf Coast Country to find fortune and independence ? Why don’t you do the same? Anyone can raise fruits and vegetables in the Gulf Coast Country—even the cityman. It is simply ‘“‘making garden” ona larger scale. You willonly need a few acres and can buy the land on easy terms. If properly cared for, the first crop should more than pay for the land. The Gulf Coast Country has passed the experimental stage—irrigation, and quick transportation facilities to the large markets of the Mississippi Valley and the East, have made large yields and big profits a practical certainty. 6 Growers can reach the northern markets weeks ahead of the products of other sections, thus insuring enormous profits. The Gulf Coast Country is a delightful place in which to live. winters, summers pleasantly tempered by Gulf breezes. A great change has been wrought in the Gulf Coast Country within the past two or three years. Prosperous towns and cities have sprung up —irrigation has Mild sunny been systematized and extended — methods of marketing have been improved. Next year it will cost more. Investigate this proposition w hile the land is within pote reach. A trip of investigation will be inexpensive. Twice each month you can buy round trip tickets via the Rock Island- Frisco-C. & E. I. Lines to any point in the Gulf Coast Country at the following very low fares: Chicago $30.00 St.Louis $25.00 St. Paul 32.50 Peoria 30.00 Kansas City 25.00 Minneapolis 32.50 These tickets will be good for 25 days and allow liberal stop-over privileges. On excursion days tourist sleepers run through from Chi- cago, St. Louis, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Kansas City to Brownsville, Texas, via Rock Island-Frisco Lines. If you would like to know more of the big profits growers are making in the Gulf Coast Country, write me to-day for some very interesting literature we have prepared for free distribution. JOHN SEBASTIAN, Passenger Traffic Manager, Rock-Island-Frisco-C. & E. I. Lines 1978 LaSalle Station, Chicago, or 1978 Frisco Bldg., St. Louis BOBBINK & ATKINS’ World’s Choicest Nursery Products It is advisable to order now to get your choice of our World’s Choicest Nursery Products. Never before have we had a selection as handsome as we offer for planting this season. Intending purchasers will do well to visit our Nurseries to inspect our products. If you cannot, we shall be pleased to give prices on your list of wants for Spring planting. Roses—W° have many thousands of two year old plants ready for shipment, consisting of all the most suitable for the American climate. = ___Many acres of our Nursery are planted Evergreens and Conifers with the most attractive specimens ever produced in this country. Our collection has been admired by visitors from all parts of the world. Pines—W° grow many thousands in all the most useful and striking kinds. No grounds are complete without a proper number of them, as they are healthful, and add attractiveness to the Landscape. __Are among our specialties. Everybody intending to Rhododendrons plant should certainly see our stock. We can give prices on large or small quantities in all the hardiest and most attractive varieties. Boxwood— Our stock is probably unsurpassed, as we have thousands in all sizes, suitable for Boxwood gardens. Trees and Shrubs— °"" Trees and Shrubs are hardy, vigorous and free from disease. Hedge Plants—we grow thousands for any kind of hedge desired. Vines and Climbers—W° have large quantities for every style of covering. ___The largest collection in this country in all sizes can now be Bay Trees seen in our storehouses. = ___For old fashioned gardens, beds and bor- Old Fashioned Flowers ders. Many acres of our Nursery are planted with the largest and most complete collection in this country. Thousands of people visit our Nursery annually to see them when in bloom. Fruits—W° can supply Trained, Dwarf and Ordinary Fruit Trees to make a complete fruit garden. In addition, we have a fine selection of all kinds of small Fruits, Strawberries, etc. We have an especially fine English Pot Grown Grape Vines—jo1 of these for eariy Spring delivery. Tubs—we make them in all sizes and shapes for Plants and Trees. Our Illustrated General Catalog No. 25 will be mailed to prospective purchasers. VISIT OUR NURSERIES. Nurserymen and Florists Rutherford, N. J. If you are planning to build the Readers’ 119 The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 120 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1909 Write for FREE Book 2c a Week Pays Wash Bill | be SOF 8 y Electricity or Water-Power Does the Work Just a “Twist of the Wrist” Starts or Stops the Machine! The 1900 Motor Washers are now at work in thousands of homes. They are doing the work for- merly done by women, at a cost of 2 cents a week for power! Saving thousands upon thousands of dollars in wash bills. Saving worlds of wash-day troubles. Leaving the women free to do other work while the machines are doing the washing. The 1900 Motor Washer Washes a Tubful in Six Minutes! Fe Handles heavy blankets or dainty laces. ts The outfit consists of the famous 1900 Washer iG \ witheither Electric Motcr or Water Motor. You turn on the power as easily as you turn on the light, and back and forth goes the tub, washing the clothes for dear life. Andit’s all so simple and easy that overseeing its work is mere child’s play. ° ° 1900 Electric Motor Washer A Self-Working Wrin ger any ordinary Free With Every Washer The motor runs Washer and Wringer. We guarantee the perfect working of both. No extra charge for Wringer, which is one of the finest made. | Write for FREE BOOK and 30 Days’ FREE TRIAL OFFER! 4 Don’t doubt! Don’t say it can’t be done! The free book proves that it can. = sos But we do not ask you to take our word forit. We offer to send 21900 Motor \ Washer on absolute Free Trial for an entire month to any responsible person. eee ; Not a cent of security—nor a promise to buy. Just your word that you will 1900 Water Motor Washer Can be connected with any water tap instantly give it atest. We even agree to pay the freight, and will take it back if it fails Walsh’s Hand Book of to do all we claim forit. A postal card with your name and address sent to us today will bring you the book free by return mail. Address, The 1900 Washer AND DESCRIPTIVE PRICE LIST Co., 3298 Henry St., Binghamton, N. Y. Or, if you live in Canada, write to the Canadian 1900 Washer Co., 355 Yonge St., Toronto, Canada. HOME GROUNDS More than a thousand homes have been made beautiful by our treatment. Our methods are practical andappeal directly to owners of suburban estates. Expert advice on all ques- tions pertaining to the planting of Home Grounds. Tell us yourneeds. Wecan help you. EE 5 Contains all the leading varie- ties of Everblooming and other popular Roses for the garden, beautifully illustrated with Cultural directions for the Amateur. Also Hollyhocks, Paeonies and Phlox. Mailed on Request M. H. WALSH, Rose Specialist WOODS HOLE, MASS. Pim os : J Our collection of TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES and OLD= FASHIONED FLOWERS, is the largest in New England, Large General Catalog mailed FREE on request. Write today The New England Nurseries, Inc. Bedford, Massachusetts NOW IS THE TIME TO PLAN FOR PLANTING Our Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue It describes all the best Hardy New England Grown Nursery Stock will assist you. For the Home Grounds. Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, and Herbaceous Perennials. Our Catalogue mailed free on application. THE BAY STATE NURSERIES, NORTH ABINGTON, MASS. Located 18 Miles South of Boston. Beauty Around Barns UTBUILDINGS, sheds, cow barns, etc., on country places are usually about as bare as bean poles in winter, but that they can be easily redeemed and made more beautiful is seen by the accompanying picture, which shows one side of the cow barns at Biltmore, N. C. The buildings extend about five hundred feet northwest to southeast, with three wings toward the southwest. The rear buildings, parallel to the barn, include silos and engine room. Between the buildings is an alley-way about ten feet in width, having a curb on each side, and between the curbing and the wall of the A space eighteen inches wide and 100 feet long, left between the wall of this barn and the curb- ing, was utilized as a flower bed, and filled with fast-growing annuals building is a width of eighteen inches filled with earth and now utilized as a border for growing plants. The original intention was to cover the buildings with English ivy, but this failed in some places, leaving stretches of bare ground and uncovered wall. It was decided to make these stretches into flower beds, using quick- growing annuals and the more common bedding plants. About one hundred run- ning feet of space was thus utilized, giving a great burst of color and making the barns look like cottage dwellings in some country- side rather than mere outbuildings. Among the more satisfactory plants were ageratum, balsam, fibrous begonias, cannas, cypress vine, dahlias, fuchsias, marigold, morning glory, nasturtium, pansies, snap- dragon, verbena, violets, and for very late fall bloom zinnias, in variety. North Carolina J.W.R. Marcu, 1909 Everything for the Hardy Gard en A book which tells the whole story— what to plant for a continuous mass of bloom from early spring until late fall— how and where to plant—the proper preparation of soil and care of plants to get the best results the first season. Send for this book today. Shipments made promptly. Collection A. 50 best selected, strong plants—Iris, Phlox, Larkspurs, Foxgloves, Hollyhocks, Asters, Sweet William, etc., $5.00. Collection B. 100 best selected, strong plants—Peonies, Iris, Phlox, Larkspurs, Foxgloves, Hollyhocks, Asters, Pyre= thrums, Veronicas, Hemerocallis, etc., $10.00. EASTERN NURSERIES HENRY S. DAWSON, Mgr. JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS. For Early Spring Planting Single Japanese Paeonies and Standard double varieties Hardy Perennials and Flower- ing Shrubs. Send for the Catalogue of SHATEMUC NURSERIES, Barrytown, Dutchess County, N. Y. | “Strawberry Plants That Grow.” All Standard varieties. Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Cur- rantand Grape Plants and Asparagus Roots in Assort- ment. Warranted True-to-name, and of Grade repre- sented. Catalog with Cultural Instruction Free. C. E. WHITTEN, Box 10, BRIDGMAN, MICH. A eamimocl: That’s Right The only hammock made that combines Quality, Dura- bility and Beauty with comfort. Can be used indoors or out. For further particulars write QUEEN HAMMOCK CO. 188 Lake St., MUSKEGON, MICH. Formerly Kalamazoo, Mich. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 121 STATUARY TREE GUARDS FOUNTAINS Copyright 1908, by THE J. LL. MOTT IRON WORKS Ornamental Fixtures for Country Grounds SETTEES and CHAIRS DRINKING FOUNTAINS AQUARIA and AQUARIUM GAS and ELECTRIC LIGHT POSTS and LAMPS WE ISSUE SEPARATE CATALOGUE OF EACH OF THE ABOVE, WHICH WILL BE SENT ON REQUEST. ADDRESS ORNAMENTAL DEPT. RAILINGS and ENTRANCE GATES STABLE and CATTLE HOUSE FITTINGS FLOWER VASES IN IRON and BRONZE LAWN and PARK FOUN- TAINS CAST The ‘Lou Dillon’? Tandem Garden Cultivator. Itcan be set to stir the soil any depth desired and to cultivate astride the row or between the rOWS. One third quicker and easier than any other garden cultivator, easier to push than a lawn mower. No gardener can afford to be without one. 3 Write for descriptive catalogue and testi- : monials. If your local dealer does not handle them, write to us for special introductory price. Dept. D. THE SCHAIBLE MFG. CO. ELYRIA, OHIO I'll Save You $50 On a Manure Spreader ——If You’ll Let Me This is just a little ad—but a postal will bring my Big Y¥ Book—and give you my $50.00 Saving Price and Special Propo- sition. You cansave as much answering uns little advertisement as if it covered a page. My Spreader positively will do better work and last longer than any Spreader made—no matter what the price—so = »s why pay $50 more? 20,000 farmers (oa = have stamped their O. K. onpoee my spreader and money saving ) prices My Special Proposition will interest you. Justa postal addressed to Galloway of Waterloo, Iowa, will bring you | everything postpaid. Will You Pay a Penny for the Postal and Save $50.00? ddress Wm. Galloway, Pres. WM. GALLOWAY CO. 1499 Galloway Sta., Waterloo, In. THE NEW (Patented) line of “‘Japana”’ Flower Holders or “Anglais” thread and screw. The 5 in. size “Japana”’ The piece containing a “Japana crescents make a circle. | - > Sample 2tin. “Japana” cents. Address M129 Waiola Avenue “Japana” and “Japana” candlestick attached Note: The “ Japana,” which is especially des signed to be used in open bowls, etc., is a solid | piece of glass full of holes, allowing a perfect circula- tion for water and holding the flowers in their natural position (the Japanese idea of beauty). Being of glass, the “Japana” does not show in water. “JAPANA” in silver or brass is the latest addition}to the already well known Specialties and fits into any of the “Japana”’ Table Decoration by means of a Candle Stick used in alternate units of the “Anglais” Table Decoration gives a unique and ex- tremely pleasing lighting and floral decoration. “Anglais” Table Decoration is formed from two low glass vases—one rectangular and one crescent in form, each ” flower holder (See Note). \, Crescents are 64 in. long. Rectangulars 54 in. long. Six sent postage paid for 25 Especial care taken of orders for Wedding gifts. M. V. GARNSEY The ANGLAIS Table Decoration An Oval Arrangement of Eight Sections, $6.00 CANDLE STICK Cut “Japana” Candlesticks in brass or plate silver 5 inch each $1.25 7 “ 6 ie 50 9 6 66 2.00 La Grange, Ill. Same sizes in the tulip shape in brass; 75c, $1.00, $1.25 each. Same sizes in the tulip shape in silver plate $1.00, $1.25, fr. 75 each. iq | als “cc 43 in, Japana” each 50 32 es “c {9 35 23 mM. 25 “Anglais” units “ 78 122 The Readers’ Service will give you information about automobiles THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1909 Increase the Yield of Your Garden by using the IGOE TOMATO AND PLANT SUPPORTS. They will mean a more abundant crop of Tomatoes of superior quality, and more beauty and success of your heavily flowered plants, such as Peonies, Dahlias, Golden Glow, Chry- santhemums, etc. The Best and Strongest Support Made. i REPAYS MADE THE COST STRONG MANY AND LIGHT TIMES OF HEAVY OVER IN GALVAN- A SINGLE IZED WIRE SEASON PRICES: == Per Dozen, Fee ee eh fel/5) ~=—— Per50, $7.00; per 100,$12.50 Send for Price List and Catalogue. IGOE BROTHERS 67-71 Metropolitan Ave. Brooklyn, N. Y. RATS and MICE EXTERMINATED BY Danysz Virus The new bacteriological preparation discovered and prepared by Dr. Danysz of the Pasteur Institute, Paris. NOT A POISON. Harmless to all other animals and human beings. The vermin go outside to die. Easily prepared and applied, How Much to Use—A small house, one tube. Ordinary dwelling, three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than 6 tubes). One or two dozen for large stable with hay loft and yard. Fac- tories and warehouses, one dozen for each 5,000 square feet floor space. Delivered at following price: One tube, 75c.; 3 tubes, $1.75; one dozen, $6.00. INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY Sole agents in the U.S. 25 OLD SLIP, New York, N. Y. DAHLIAS guaranteed. Write for full particulars. Catalogue. My Dahlias were given the highest possible awards at both Pan-American and St. Louis Expositions. H. F. BURT, Taunton, Mass. 3 20 kinds (my selection) $1. Satisfaction Summer Flowering Bulbs From the Growers Direct to the Planter Send for list of prizes. FRANKEN BROTHERS, Durfield, Ill. GROWING CURRANTS AND GRAPES FROM CUTTINGS C. H. G., N. Y. — Currants will surely grow if cuttings are made and put into the ground in the spring. Give the grape-vines time to callus before they are set out; otherwise, the bud will start into growth at once and take all the life from the cutting before it has made root. Make your grape cuttings as early as possible, bury them in moist sand in a cold cellar, and by the time the ground is ready to be worked they will have made a strong callus and be ready to put forth roots. ASPARAGUS AND RHUBARB IN THE KITCHEN GARDEN C. T. H., N. J. — Palmetto asparagus is considered by many as being superior to any other. Preferably three or four-year old roots should be planted; if older than that they are difficult to move, and if younger than that they will take longer to get established. It will, however, take two years to properly establish a bed under the best of conditions. Asparagus does not have staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants. In an article in the April, 1907, number of THE GarpEeNn Macazine full instructions were given for planting and cultivating. Among rhubarbs Burbank is recommended as a quick- maturing kind, while other very popular varieties are Champagne and Linneus. The difference in these is more in the color of the skin than in anything else. HOW TO GET GOOD MELONS R.A. S., N. Y. — Melons and tomatoes are rank feeders, and there is little danger of making the ground too rich with manure. Put a good handful around each hill. If the vines show a tendency not to set fruit, rake in a handful of wood ashes around the hills. The best melons are those borne near the ends of the main shoots, and by pinching off the side shoots more vitality is thrown into them. Com- mercial growers rarely pinch their plants, but it is often practised by gardeners who wish to raise fewer melons of larger size and better flavor. The vines ought to be from four to six inches high in the hotbed to transplant well, or as large as they will grow without commencing to run. Melon and tomato vines will grow stocky in a hotbed if the temperature and ventilation are right. The principal cause of their spindling is too much heat or close air. A less common one is having the glass too high above the plants, which has the tendency to draw them up. GROWING VEGETABLES IN BOXES R. J. E., N. Y. — From the first to the middle of March is the best time to start most vegetables in boxes. Do not allow the night temperature to go below 50 degrees, and beware of coal gas or escaping illuminating gas after the plants are up. A good soil for the purpose may be pre- pared from two parts garden soil, one part sand, and one part leafmold. If any well-rotted manure is available use one part of that in place of half the garden loam. A very common mistake is to have the soil toorich. The idea of starting plants in boxes is to have them develop a good root system before transplanting; therefore if you force them while in the boxes it will be at the expense of root formation. A too-concentrated plant food will stunt, distort, and kill vegetables instead of helping. A table- spoonful of dry poultry droppings dissolved in a gallon of water, used to water the plants twice a week, is enough. If the soil appears to be poor, improve it by a mixture of one pound of commercial acid phosphate of lime, half a pound of sulphate of potash, and one-fourth of a pound of nitrate of soda. Mix this evenly with from 600 to 800 pounds of soil. These materials are all soluble and immediately available, and are worth from ten to twenty cents a pound in small quantities. NEW GOLD MEDAL 0 Rolls-447, Easier ROLLER * made in the world—that —_ fact is Guaranteed. We have made rolling mere child’s play by inventing the only Roller Bearing Lawn Roller on the market. The New ‘‘GOLD MEDAL’? Lawn Rollers are an improvement over all our own and every other make. The Axle Revolves in Roller Bearings— that’s why they are least in friction and easiest running. Dunham’s Handle Balance keeps the rigid reinforced handle off the ground and prevents axle strain. No squeaky loose weights. Rollers are sectional with outer edges rounded which avoids rooting or cutting up the grass. Send postal today for FREE Cata- log A, which illustrates complete line—r125 to 12,000 pounds in weight J. W. DUNHAII & SON, Berea, Ohio. Branch Office, 220 Broadway, New York. Garden > Huckleberries A jNew Frutt_ that Grows from Seed First Year Large as a gooseberry, and can scarcely be distin- guished from real huckleberries when cooked with a little lemon or something sour, for pies, sauces, and jellies. Easy to grow. Plant and cultivate the same as tomatoes. per packet of 50 seeds—suf- Only 10c ficient for any ordinary Vf, garden. Free Book on Seeds, Bulbs, iy and Plants. _—— EV _L.L.MAY & CO., St. Paul, Minn. WRITE FOR FREE 66 CATALOG ), Plants and Plans for i. There is sy) nothing more pleasing and delightful to cultured Se taste than artistic and properly planted grounds. fa) Write us to-day. Wagner Park Conservatories Box 407 Sidney, Ohio WE GROW PEONIES NOTHING ELSE BUT WE SHIP ONLY IN THE FALL. BETTER ASK US ABOUT IT _NOW. MOHICAN PEONY GARDENS - - Box 300 SINKING SPRING, PENN’A. [mS Wrought Iron Fence and Entrance Cates. Improve the appearance of your home. Artistic, permanent, no repairs. Hundreds of designs to choose from, elaborate ones and many of small cost as well. State work desired—how much fence you want, number of gates, style of house, etc. We will submit designs or photographs and estimates, take meas- urements and erect if necessary, satisfaction guaranteed. Write for booklet, which includes iron reservoir, vases, settees, fountains tree guards, stable fittings, ornamental iron, etc. Agents wanted. The Stewart Iron Works Co. 1722 Covington St., CINCINNATI, 0. Largest Makers of Iron Fence in the World. r Write to the Readers’ Servi Marcu , 190 9 TH E G A R D 1D) N MA G A Z I N E Bee noae aha EER Ie 123 Hes orchard, potato, mustard or surface spraying there is no spraying equal to our latest Model horse power Spramotor. As a vineyard sprayer it stands supreme. Catalogue tells all about the Spramotor and its triumphs. Write for it. F. H. HEARD 1242 Erie St. Buffalo, N. Y. Army Auction Bargains Tents ~ $1.90 up| Old Pistols - - - - - $ .50 up ~~ Shoes - 1.25 “ | Officers’ Swords,new - 1.75 “« LE. . ARMYSADDLES 3.00 “‘ | Cavalry Sabres - - - 1.50 “& e «Bridles - 1.00 | UNIFORMS - 1.25 up “¢ Leggins, pr. .15 “‘ | 7Shot Carbine 3.50 ¢¢ [2 »U. S. SPRINGFIELD B-L RIFLES ¥ Blank or Ball Cartridge, 35 cents box of 20. 1907 MILITARY CATALOGUE, 260 large pages, thou- sands of beautiful illustrations — with 1909 supplement, wholesale and retail prices. Mailed for 15 cents (stamps). 15 ACRES GOV’T. AUCTION GOODS. FRANCIS BANNERMAN, 501 PERS TICIS TS ANNERMAN SOU Broadway NEW YORK) NEW YORK Hardy =| oa $ 5 Arranged for Continuous Dis- play the Entire Season WRITE FOR LIST C. ‘W. SCHNEIDER Little Silver, N. J. Orize Medal Dablias WE HAVE THE GOODS As is proven by our record for 1909. 30 Entries— 27 First Prizes, 3 Second Prizes, 2 Medals. Send for Illustrated Catalogue. W.F. Turner & Co. New Bedford, Mass. 95° Galloway “BATH IN OIL” High Grade Separator—Direct Save $25 to $50 direct at my factory price— freight prepaid. Get the only Separator » that runs in “Bath of Oil,” like a $5,000 automobile. This alone is worth $50 ex- tra, but costs you nothing extra. @ Take b) 90 Days FARM TEST—FREIGHT PREPAID Why pay $85 to $1z10 to dealers or agents who cannot sell you a separator equal to the Galloway—closest skimmer—easiest run —easiest cleaned—ro-yr. guarantee. Send 2 for book free WM. GALLOWAY CO. 1493 Galloway Sta., Waterloo, Iowa. Be Prepared to Fight Fire DON'T WAIT. Why run the risk of losing your home, and possibly all of its contents? Don’t wait un- til you have a loss and then regret it. VB Fire insurance covers only the material consumed or af & damaged, but not always the real and full value. It doesn’t } cover loss of time re-building. It never covers the “‘asso- ciations” of the keep-sakes and family heirlooms. Don’t take a chance when you can have a FIRE DEPARTMENT IN YOUR HOME. Protect your home and family with the Eureka Fire Extinguisher a, that always-ready and easy-to-use fire annihilating appa- nant ratus. It is exactly like the Chemical Engines of the city | fire department, only smaller. It can be successfully handled by any person for it has no complications. No experience required. Just turn it bottom end up and instantly it generates its own pressure and discharges a stream upwards of 50 feet! The Eureka Fire Extinguisher is made of cold rolled Copper Plate and Brass and will last a life time. Capacity, 3 gallons. Thousands of these extinguishers are protecting millions worth of property all over the world. Why not yours? Price $15.00 each, complete with Chemical Charge and Formula for extra charging. Special Offer— — re ee ae Batinguishers with 4 Chemical Charges for We will ship you 2 Extinguishers with 2 Chemical Charges for $27.50, freight paid. Prompt shipment, freight prepaid, on receipt of check and shipping instructions. Satisfaction guaranteed, or money refunded. EUREKA FIRE EXTINGUISHER CO., Dept. A, Dayton, Ohio Nature’s true fertilizer, guaranteed pure and unadul- terated. A reliable plant food for the garden orlawn. Safe, quick acting and effective. $2.50 per 100-lb. bag, freight prepaid. Larger quantities on application. NATURAL GUANO CO. AURORA, ILL. Write for FREE BOOK on “HOT-BEDS”. Secrets of Success Growing Early Vegetables Under elas for Profit and asus “Ready for This book gives money-making suggestions on raising Vegetables, LO Flowers, etc. How to Prepare and Care for Hot-Beds. Where to 4 Locate Them. How to make Cold-Frames. Brimful of helpsand & hints. Free for the asking. Write at once. Our Hot-Bed Sash are made of Louisiana Cypress, with Blind-Mortised, Double- Shouldered Joints. No rotting at joints! Our prices are 50% less than at local dealers. out Nev, I Start Hot-Beds Now Complete Outfit No: 102 Iles and Have Fresh Vegetable WAELE in’ Advancesof U@ihers Including Sash, Frames and Sub-Frames No time to lose! The earlier your vege- Consists of our regular Hot-Bed Sash and com- tables are ready, the more they are worth. plete frames (for above ground) and Sub-Frames Send today for (for the pit). Frames are of Cypress. Hach part cut 6s Hot-Bed Secrets 2) Book to exact size. Angle irons with holes punched for screws. Here are the items: Ot GOs On ORIEGR Seen 2 Glazed Hot-Bed Sash, 3x6 feet, 194, 6-inch glass; Se oe ee eee 1 Cypress Frame for 2 Sash; 1 Sub- Sil 90 Size 3x6 ft., 134, 6x10 Glass : Size 3x6 ft., 134, r0x14 Glass Frame; all carefully crated for shipment Size 3x6 ft., 134. 10x14 Glass OAs eters a Rd RISa HOT-BED SASH Size 3x6, 134, with Bar, xoxr4 Glass . z For Double-Strength Glass, add 40¢ net to price of Size 3x6, 174, with Bar, tox14 Glass . 2.46 each outfit. Hot-Bed Frames, $5.70 each. Sub- AES 1° ee with Double-Strength Glass, add 20c net to above Frames, $4.25 each. Glazed with 7 Don’t fail to send at once for the best book on Bain Chis Send Quick for FREE Book ‘‘Hot-Beds’’ that ever came off the press. It points Be the first in your neighborhood to have fresh vege- tables for your table. We make prompt shipments. the way to PROFITS. Gordon-Van Tine Co., 1636 Case St., Davenport, Iowa Dealers’Price $3.50 Are you going to refurnish a room? Write to_the Readers’ Service for hints 124 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1909 THE CARE OF TREES WHEN TO TRANSPLANT FERNS E. J. S., N. J.—Hardy ferns may be transplanted any time during the season, but care must be taken to see that, when transplanted, theyhave anenvironmentsimilar to the one from which they were taken; and in transplanting take care not to injure the roots. POULTRY-RAISING HINTS G. C., L. I. —Generally speaking the Leghorns and Minorcas are considered the best breeds of chickens for egg production, principally because they are non-setters. In tests that have been held, however, their superiority has by no means been clearly established. In a contest held in PennsyJvania, of the seven best that were in compe- tition for egg production, the winners were Barred Ply- mouth Rocks, with Leghorns second and Plymouth Rocks third. Unless one has coop accommodations which will keep the temperature above the freezing point in winter, probably some of the heavier breeds, such as Wyandottes, Rhode Island Reds, or Plymouth Rocks will be almost as productive of eggs as the Leghorns, but under the best of conditions probably the Leghorns ‘will excel. The Leghorn eggs are pure white, and will bring a higher DOCTORS,”’ we beg to classify ourselves as one of the few com- panies doing sound scientific work in treating tree diseases. Our directors are graduates ofthe Massachusetts Agricultural College. DON’T NEGLECT YOUR TREES If you have old trees which you would save, if your orchard is run-down, infested with San Jose Scale, Codling Moth, or other insects, if your elm trees were stripped of their foliage last year, in short, if you have any tree problem on your mind, GET OUR EXPERT OPINION. Our work embraces every line of Scientific Forestry; pruning, sur- gery, insect control, fertilizing, etc., etc. It is complete in every respect. Our men are carefully trained and are the best in the business. We have crews now working from Maine to Virginia and West through Iowa. THE CARE OF FORESTS . CEDAR BOX COUCH 2GPland2, Price, $18.50 Made of Carolina Red Cedar—/4 inches long, 30 inches_wide—covered in Velour or Chase Leather. Deep Box. Send for furniture catalog. Crane Furniture Company HIGH POINT, N.C. GET THE BEST A Good Spray Pump earns big profits and lasts for years. THE ECLIPSE is a good pump. As practical fruit growers we were using the common sprayers in our own orchards—found their defects and then invented THE ECLIPSE. Its success practi- cally forced us into manufactur- ing on a large scale. You take no chances. We have done all the experimenting. Large fully illustrated Catalogue and Treatise on Spraying —F REE. MORRILL @ MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich. Send for our i for our Seeds, Bulbs and Plants Catalogue of Dahlias a Specialty MILLS & CO. Mamaroneck, N. Y. If you have forest lands or waste-land to be put out in forests we can assist you and bring excellent returns. calling on a lumberman; it will be to your advantage. Let us mail you our booklet on the CARE OF TREES—sent free on application. Treatise on ‘‘Shade Trees’’ by G, H. Allen, on ‘‘Apple Growing’’ by George T. Powell, $1 each, postpaid. Absolutely unequaled. OUR LECTURES. — Village Improvement Societies, Boards of Trade, etc., should correspond with us relative to securing our stereopticon lecture on the Care of Trees. 1108 Flatiron Bldg., New York Consult us before MUNSON-WHITAKER Co. 848 Tremont Bldg., Boston 1008 Monadnock Block, Chicago WM. TRICKER, SPECIALIST IN WATER-LILIES AND OLD-FASH- IONED HARDY GARDEN FLOWERS. Expert in laying out and planting Water-gardens Ponds. Fountain-basins, etc. Selection of suitable plants for all purposes; plans and estimates furnished. Hardy perennial plants for Spring, Sum- mer and Autumn flowering. WM. TRICKER, Arlington, N. J. ) CINCINNATI] and vicinity Home Grounds Wade Beautiful WILBUR DUBOIS, Landscape Gardener, Station M, CINCINNATI, 0. Place a sundial in your garden or on your lawn and it will return an hundred fold in quiet enjoyment. Write us for free booklet of Sundial Information Chas. G. Blake & Co. _ 787 Womans Temple, Chicago, Ill. A sterling writer whose each new work commands a larger audience than the last Una L. Silberrad Curayl The Good Comrade The Lady of Dreams Desire Princess Puck Petronilla Heroyen The Wedding of the Lady of Lovell The Success of Mark Wyngate Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 133-137 EAST SIXTEENTH ST., NEW YORK CITY Fall. two years old. splendid root power. Cash with order. testimonials, etc., address Sweetness of flavor equal to the native sweet chestnut. 5 ‘ Sold $6 to $8 per bushel. ‘Tree perfectly hardy, rapid grower, begins bearing when We offer one year grafts on two year seedlings. Fine sturdy little trees with $1.00 for 1; $10 for 12; $75 per 100. Trees too large to mail. ‘ Sober Paragon tree we ship is attached a copyrighted metal seal upcn which is impressed the words SOBER PARAGON. None genuine without this seal. The Only Large SWEET CHESTNUT SOBER PARAGON 5,000 bushels harvested Iast No charge for packing. Express or freight shipments only. To every For further information, 2003 East Main Extension, GLEN BROTHERS, Inc., Rochester, N. Y., Sole Agents Note—Received first premium at New York State College of Agriculture. price in market than the brown eggs of the general-pur- pose breeds. RECLAIMING WORN-OUT LAND M. R. F., N. Y. — The reclamation of land which has been farmed out depends in a large measure upon the plowing under of green manures. Considerable humus can be added to the soil by sowing rye upon it in the fall and plowing it under in the spring. On a place of five acres, where the soil is sandy and well drained and where the maximum amount of output is desired, plant as much as - possible of the land near the house for a garden and berry patch. Each spring plant as many additional fruit trees and berry bushes as possible, and in order to keep a cow and provide some feed for chickens, plant a considerable portion of the property to corn, provided the land is not too badly worn out. About the first of August, or at the last cultivation, sow in the corn about ten pounds of red clover to the acre, with a small amount of timothy. If the condition of the soilis doubtful, lime the land, using about 1,000 pounds to the acre, before planting the corn, which by the middle of summer will make the land in much better shape to receive the clover seed. L. G. Dopce. DESTROYING THE CLOVER MITE B. J. B., Ohio.— The so-called clover mite (Bryobia pratensis) is very common on a considerable variety of plants, and is apt to be somewhat injurious, par- ticularly toward the end of a dry season. It is closely related to the red spider, so annoying in greenhouses, and its injuries are of a similar character. Leaves badly af- fected by this insect present a yellowish or sickly appear- ance, as though attacked by fungus. This imsect winters in the characteristic reddish, rather large eggs, measuring about .or of an inch in diameter. Fruit growers in the West have found early spring applications of lime-sulphur wash most effective in controlling this pest. The standard kerosene emulsion (diluted with five parts of water) is also a very efficient destroyer of the eggs. This mite and its ally, the red spider, can be controlled in midsummer by spraying with kerosene emulsion, the standard formula being diluted with 1o parts of water; or a whale-oil soap solution may be used at the rate of one pound of soap to 8 org gallons of water. We have a strong preference for a lime-sulphur wash, since it is a very efficient fungicide as well as destructive toa number of insect pests of the worst type. E. P. Ferr. ADVANTAGES OF A COLD GRAPERY I. H. B., Can. —In a small greenhouse such as you describe — a lean-to glass house with cement foundation, unheated except by a coal-oil stove in early spring — the best results will undoubtedly be had by growing grapes. Asparagus and rhubarb might be forced; but in the absence of any sort of extra heat the gain in time would be very slight indeed. They could, however, be forced by using manure beds inside the house into which the asparagus and rhubarb roots could be plunged. It would hardly be advisable to try to force melons and cucumbers under glass, because nothing would be gained in time unless an abundant supply of heat and moisture was provided. If the house is to be used as a cool grapery, grow a few fruit trees in pots and later in the summer use the house for growing chrysanthemums and begonias, in the latter case, of course, giving the proper shading to the glass. In a house of this nature, Black Hamburg is the best yrapetogrow. Inthe summer the house can be thrown open and the bench space used for the summer storage of house plants. The Readers’ Servi ill gladl ist Marcu, 1909 Ae H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N EK atealeciing aeewalions 1G We bane 125 Free Corn Book and Samples Iowa Seed Corn 1 want you to see my seed corn book—it’s free, and I throw in samples of seed corn besides. I have been growing seed corn for over 20 years, and I probably sell more secd corn than any man in the world. I have learnei some things about corn, and this I have boiled down in my seed corn book. You can get my 20 years expe- rience in 20 minutes, and get it a whole lot easier than I got it. If you want seed corn Ear or Shelled write for my corn book and samples be- fore you buy. It will be worth your while. I don’t know it all, but I know a few things, and when you see the samples you will say I know good corn. We sell all seed corn on approval and subject to your own test. Wesell it ear or «shelled. We test it, grade it, and guar- antee it. HENRY FIELD SEED CO. Box 101, Shenandoah, Iowa. Lieut P.S. I have’nt got any 300 bu. per acre corn. foto eas aN HERE IS A GREENHOUSE THAT OUGHT TO JUST SUIT YOU It is large enough for most of your needs; small enough not to be a care. It is built with the curved eaves, wide glass spacing and glistening aluminum interior finish, We can show you why it will grow more and better flowers than any other construction and require less repairs. Send for Catalog. U-BAR GREENHOUSES PIERSON U-BAR CO. LOOK OUT FOR SPARKS No more danger or dam- age from flying sparks. “S'| No more poorly fitted, DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 1 MADISON AVE.,NEW YORK. oF, flimsy fire place screens. Z Send for free booklet = “Sparks from the Fire- Side.” It tells about the CREE SORE ee A HONE SSE FSI, IN Chea » RSCG DRS OSSES best kind of a spark guard for your individual fire ees aeSSee Se ae za ae ESSER ERED SLL ESPEN hs lace. Write to-day for free booklet. Wh D t H G ne place rite to-day for tree bookle ny on You ave d reenhouse? a The Syracuse Wire Works s).nene 8Y. SSS ie) A right down practical, profitable, pleasure-giving greenhouse. One that will have no expensive repairs— one easy to heat—one that is as attractive as it is useful. Send for our printed matter. Hitchings & Company 1170 Broad ey New York ise GROWN IN NEW JERSEY under soil and climate advantages, Steele’s Sturdy Stock is the satisfactory kind. Great assortment of Fruit, Nut, Shade and Evergreen Trees, Small- fruit Plants, Hardy Shrubs, Roses, etc. Fully described in my Beautiful [llus- trated Descriptive Catalogue—it’s free! T. E. STEELE Pomona Nurseries Palmyra, N. J. FARMER on the STRAWBERRY S—) or the ‘‘New Strawberry Culture.” & contains the latest on strawberry 4 growing by ‘“‘The Prince of Straw- # berry Growers.” Price, 25c. post- paid. Your money back if not satisfied. “ Send for free descriptive catalog of Berry Y Fruit Plants, Roses, Asparagus, Poultry, Etc. Address L. Je FARMER NURSERIES, Box 929, Pulaski, N. Y. Large, 2-Year-Old, Field-Grown RAMBLER ROSES, 35c EACH 6 for $1.50 12 for $2.75 Charges Prepaid CRIMSON RAMBLER—Crimson LILY ITO—White DOROTHY PERKINS—Pink LADY GAY—New Pink These Roses are all on their own roots, are fine, large, field- grown plants, ranging in height from 4 to 7 feet. Money refunded if not satisfactory. Fine, large, 2-year-old American Beauty Roses, 50° Each on their own roots For ats 25 cents I will send you 25 as- sorted flowering size bulbs of Gladioli. I specialize on Groff’s Hybrids and Groff’s Silver Trophy strain, the finest in the world; awarded first prizes at the Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, also St. Louis and other World’s Fairs, because the most beautiful, vigorous, varied and prolific. I also sell mixed and named sorts of Gan- davensis, Childsi, Lemoine (Butterfly) and the giant Nanceianus strain, Lowest prices. Complete list of named sorts, including new varieties for 1909, free on application. GEORGE S. WOODRUFF Box B Independence, Iowa charges paid Our 1909 catalogue illustrated in colors, FREE SPRINGFIELD FLORAL CO., Springfield, Ohio. The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care of livestock THE GARDEN SOMETHING ENTIRELY NEW IN COLD FRAMES AND HOT BEDS. GARDENING MORE FUN THAN EVER. N these days when pretty much everyone is getting the keenest kind of enjoyment out of their gardening, in one form or an- other, cold frames or hot beds are be- coming indispensable. Everyone of you is striving each year to get earlier and better flowers and vegetables, and it is out of the question to wait for the certainty of spring smiles to warm the earth enough, so things may safely be planted. You simply must have the help of hot beds or cold frames to get an early start. One gives you a lead of two months, the other four or five weeks. Ofttimes our standard frames, 6 feet wide, are too large for a limited space one may have. Besides, if they cannot be located so as to be worked from both sides, it means a stretch of 6 feet, which is a pretty uncom- fortable position for most of us. So for just these reasons we have made the new Junior Frames, with Sash that are only 34383 inches and weigh but 174 lbs. Plenty light enough, you see, for even the women who so keenly enjoy doing some of their own gardening. We make these frames for one, two or three sash, just as you like. They are priced so no real garden en- thusiast can afford to be without them. While we are about it, just a word also concerning our new Melon Frames. Origin- ally, they were intended for starting hills of melons directly in the garden, but they proved to be “such handy little chaps” that now they are being used for no end of things. Saw two a day or so ago that were set over clumps of peonies to bring them into bloom a month earlier. Another was over some pansies, and still another a patch of garden violets. It is plain enough there are no end of stunts that can be done with them. The thing for you to do is, send for our “Two P’s” booklet which will tell you how to get started with frames—a really very in- teresting booklet, brim full of suggestions and helps. In the back of it we tuck in a couple of extra leaves fully describing and pricing the new Junior and Melon Frames. If you already have the booklet, drop us a postal and we will send these extra leaves. But don’t lose half your fun and profit by not gecting an early start. Remember that every day from now on counts. LORD AND BURNHAM Co. 1133 Broadway, New York, and Boston and Philadelphia golden yellow. e bd COMPan y one S29 (0%, MEX JOUR STAR ROSE COLLECTIO This collection of one year old well rooted roses have been selected from our large We guarantee satisfaction or money refunded. Pink Maman Cocurt—This is known as queen among roses, shell pink in color and perfectly hardy. ‘| Waite Maman CocHEet—A charming pure white everblooming variety. ) Herten Goutp—The most valuable hardy everblooming crimson rose for garden planting. ETOILE DE LyoN—This is undoubtedly the best hardy yellow rose for outdoor planting. Brsste BrowNn—A lovely Hybrid Tea rose, color creamy white, suffused with pink. SNOWFLAKE—The most beautiful white Tea rose we have yet grown. i La Derroir—A splendid vigorous growing Tea rose. Color, shell pink shading to soft rose. ‘| Mire. Cecire BErtHop—(Hybrid Tea) Most beautiful, both in bud and flower, which is deep list coniprised of over 150 varieties, MetEor—A splendid everbloomer of the deepest glowing crimson. J -| Rep Bapy RamBLER—A dwarf rose with flowers born in clusters resem ) ree “| Lavy GAy—A most desirablenew climbing variety, color delicatecerise-pink, passing tosoft tinted white. 4] Crimson RAMBLER—Undoubtedly the best known, most popular and widely planted rose in existence. CLIMBING Kaiserin AucustaA VicrorisA—Flowers extra large and sweet. i delicately tinted with lemon. : ke Ciimprinc MrTror—One of the finest bright crimson hardy everblooming climbing roses grown. Sent securely packed, prepaid on receipt of $1.00. Satisfaction guaranteed. — BINGHAMTON SEED COMPANY, 140NE YEAR MAGAZINE OLD ROSES $1.00 bling the Crimson Rambler. Color rich creamy white 100 Court St., Binghamton,N. Y. Marcu, 1909 CLEARING UP THE ASPARAGUS BED R. M. M., Mass. — After the cropping season, asparagus plants must be allowed to attain full maturity before cut- ting, which is usually done late in the fall or early in the spring. Cut the stalks off at the ground, dig up the beds to a depth of three inches, whiten the ground with salt and put over the entire surface from four to six inches of fresh, loose stable refuse filled with straw. KILLING THE STRAWBERRY WORM A. A. P., Ill. — The little green worm which has been destroying the strawberry plants is the strawberry worm. The only way to get rid of it is to mow over the bed with a scythe, allowing the mowings to dry for a day or two, and then set fire to them. In other words, burn over the entire bed. This will not injure the remaining crowns, but it will surely destroy any insects that are present. GROWING WATERCRESS H. J. B., N. Y. — Watercress can be successfully culti- vated in a meadow through which a brook runs — in fact it does better when part of the plant is actually under water. In Europe, where it is cultivated to a greater extent than in this country, it is grown in trenches sixteen to twenty feet wide through which water can be turned at will. All that is necessary is to plant the seeds in the water or put in a few pieces of root and the plants will soon spread. It is. a hardy perennial, and self sows, as well as increasing by” creeping stems. CAMPHOR TREES D. S., Cal. — Camphor trees thrive in the San Joaquin — Valley in California where the summers are hot and dry.. So far as is definitely known, the most northern localities. where they have been successfully cultivated out of doors are Charlestown and Summerville in South Carolina, Augusta,. Ga.,and Oakland, Cal. While this tree will grow on almost any soil that is not too wet, it does best on a well-drained sandy or loamy soil. Under favorable conditions, it some- times grows very rapidly, attaining very often within ten years from seed an average of thirty feet in height, with a trunk from six to eight inches in diameter at the base.. Its growth is comparatively slow on sterile soils. INJURY TO TREES FROM GAS G. N. W., N. H. —A tree injured by illuminating gas. has a peculiar and characteristic appearance which is very evident to the eye. The leaves on the affected branch turn a peculiar livid color; they do not attain full size and as likely as not the injury will be noticed as affecting only one or two branches of the tree. The very fact that such a phe- nomenally resistant tree as the Carolina poplar is suffering, is sufficient evidence that something of a very serious nature is at fault. As a remedial measure, completely excavate the soil around the tree affected and fill in with new material from another place. The effect of the illuminating gas passing through the soil is cumulative; it seems to leave an infiltration of deleterious matter which can be detected as a rule by its odor. To ascertain positively that the Carolina poplar and elm are being injured by escaping | gas, dig into the soil, taking a sample from some two or three feet below the surface and test it by applying heat. The odor of illuminating gas will almost surely be given off from a gas-saturated soil. L. B. FERTILIZING A 25 x 100 FT. GARDEN C. W. S., Ohio—The following methods are suggested for fertilizing a 25x 100 ft. garden. Without plenty of organic matter in the soil, which is so well furnished by stable manure, results from chemical fertilizers are very likely to prove disappointing. One big two-horse load of good stable manure would do the most good. If this is out of the question, a barrel of dry pulverized sheep manure is about the best substitute If wood ashes are obtainable use 200 pounds broadcasted as soon as ground is broken and well worked in. Apply the sheep manure in like manner a week or so later. At planting time use for general garden vegetables from 100 to 200 pounds of a high grade complete fertilizer analyzing about 49% nitrogen, 84% phosphoric acid and 6% potash, raked with the bottom of the rows at planting time. You could easily make 100 pounds of such a fertilizer by mixing 25 pounds of nitrate of soda,63 pounds acid phosphate, 12 pounds sulphate of potash. To improve the soil more permanently without stable manure, sow it to rye this fall after the vegetables are gathered and turn the crop under in the spring for a green manure; or better for such a small plot, save all the leaves, cut grass, and such vegetation, and make a little compost heap. Marcu, 1909 I} you are planning to build, the Readers’ Abs@d) G A R DE N M A G AZ INE Service can give you helpful re lay ee yO eee — ee i ee OE oe "Eset im ay) PHE GREATEST grea ator Money Can Buy Sharples 1909 Tubular “A’’ Cream Separators are positively unequaled. Money can not buy, nor experi- : ence recommend, any other as good. by We have manufactured cream separators for 29 years. After making common “ bucket bowl ” separators { i’ for 20 years—the kind all other separator manufacturers still make—we discovered that no “ bucket bowl ” sepa- i | Tay’ rator can ever prove entirely satisfactory. [he bowls in all common “bucket bowl” separators are built and run up-side-down, exactly contrary to the law of gravity and every law of mechanics. mis oy) To overcome this fault, still found in all other separators, we invented, patented and manufactured the Suspended Bowl Sharples Tubular The Tubular has been on the market about ten years, is built in the biggest, finest separator factory in existence and is sold in great numbers all over the world. We also have Tubular factories in Canada and Germany. Sharples 1909 Dairy Tubular “A” Separator has handsome, one piece frame equipped with plumb bob for quickly leveling the separator and keeping it level. It has waist low supply can; enclosed, dust proof, self-oiling gears; light, bottom fed bowl, hung below a single ball bearing. The bowl has no complicated inside parts. The Tubular is extremely simple and practical, is washed in 5 minutes, is approved by all women as easiest cleaned, turns easiest, skims fastest and best, wears longest. Look at the Sharples Dairy Tubulars have the finest pictures, then write for Catalog No. 215. known method of oiling. The driving gears, and the ball bearing which supports the bowl, are enclosed in the head of the machine. A | h Sh l S t ( i spoontul of oil is simply poured into the gear e arp es epara or O e The unequaled simplicity and perfect construction cre one or twice aber The lower gear of Sharples Dairy Tubulars make them wonder wheel dips into this oil and throws it in aspray light running, surprisingly convenient, remarkably oes all the Be and ube ball bearing. The Toronto, Can. WEST CHESTER, PENNA. Portland, Ore durable, surpassingly Scion. Every Tubular : oiling is perfect, is never forgotten, causes no ai Raa a ene ‘ uaranteed forever against all defects in materia trouble. All running parts are easily reached Winnipeg, Can. Chicago, Ill. San Francisco, Cal. ee SSE Gt icone size Tubulars can be simply by lifting the gear case lid. turned by one who is seated. 2 Rav ertice Want to Sell Your Country Property? e Im er Country Advertise it in Country Life in America, the National Real Estate Medium, and get Properties in touch with a buyer. April has always been a big real estate issue. Space costs $7.00 per column inch. MANAGER REAL ESTATE DEPARTMENT 133 E. 16th St., New York City BY E. F. BENSON Author of ““Sheaves,”’ “The Blotting Book,” Etc. Wheelock Rust Proof Fence Trellis Arch Tree Guard Flower Bed The story of ambitious Lucia Grimson, who gains the goal of her dreams—social leader- ship—at the expense of all that is best in life, to realize the futility of it all when the law of recompense demands a re- morseless accounting. Guard, Etc: SEE THE GOODS “Printed words or cuts are of no avail When samples are compared to tell the tale.” MORAL:— Insist on seeing samples. With Frontispiece in Color, $1.50 CounTRY LIFE THe WoRLD's Work THE GARDEN IN AMERICA MAGAZINE DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &Co. NEw Yor«K. Wheelock Fence Dept. WRIGHT WIRE CO. Worcester - - Mass. SS 28 THE GARDEN MAGAVIUNE a eae Try this for a. Big oad easiest running Wi wagon or dray is the one lubricated with Mica Axle Grease. Kills friction; stops wear; makes a two-horse rig run with one- horse power. > MICA Axle Grease contains powdered mica which coats the axle with a non-friction surface—that’s the «why of it. Marcu, 1909 wa LYTINES OOODACIAYN . om woven $ ei Z| Pai) ISG aa LLG @ C\ Nox DS Yoe By, s in ANY Yu v2, Ny, ROYER asty varayah. ZS LZ te UAS KN Oe SAAS V : waVAG ee uy THE ROOFING ey , eee THAT NEEDS NO PAINTING’? a dozen coats of pitch paint to equal in thickness that upper sheet of pitch in which the Amatite mineral surface is buried. And under that heavy sheet of pitch is a layer of wool felt and under that another sheet of pitch, just as thick as the outer one. And below them all is another layer of strong felt. That makes two roofs in one. If the storms wore away the mineral surface and dug through the pitch and destroyed the felt, they would still be only half way through. And if the weather then removed the next sheet No grease helps as much as Mica Axle Grease. If youtry it, you'll know it. Ask your dealer. HERE was a time when everybody bought roofings that required painting. It was the regular thing to do. In fact there was nothing else to do, for all roofings were “smooth surfaced” and required painting regu- larly to keep them from deteriorating. Now there is Amatite, an improvement over painted roofings, having a veal mineral surface imbedded in pitch — making a kind of flexible concrete. This mineral surface needs no painting. The waterproofing material, Coal Tar Pitch, is the greatest enemy to water known. It is the base of many waterproof paints. Only in a paint the pitch is diluted and made into a thin film, whereas the Amatite waterproofing is solid pure Pitch — of pitch, you would still have left a final layer of felt — nothing more or less than an ordinary smooth surfaced roofing which could keep off the Tain very nicely if painted every year or two. But as a matter of fact, the weather never gets past that mineral surface securely gripped in its matrix of pitch. The mineral surjace is there to stay. No painting —no bother—no further expenses after the roof is once laid. We should be glad to send you a free sample of Amatite, and you can see for yourself how much better it is than the smooth surface kinds, — STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Incorporated) Trees, Shrubs and Roses Send for our 128 page descriptive catalogue The Elizabeth Nursery Co. Elizabeth, N. J. two layers ofit. It would take something like Address our nearest office. BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY New York Chicago Philadelphia St. Louis Cleveland Allegheny Kansas City Minneapolis New Orleans Boston London Cincinnati The Country House chas. Edw. Hooper A complete manual of housebuilding in the country. It gives competently and in detail, yet without technicalities, all the information necessary in the building of a country house. Its practical value is unlimited. 380 illustrations from photographs and plans. $3.30 postpaid. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. - - “HILLS OF SNOW” The new everblooming hydrangea. Strong Plants 50 cents each We offer a complete assortment of Novelties and Rare Plants at Grower to Planter prices. A Make your grounds beautiful with our hardy Shrubs, Trees, Roses and “Central Park” Grass Seed. We save you 50%. E. S. MAYO & CO., ROCHESTER, N. Y. “Chestnut Grove Nurseries” Andrew Carnegie Gives his idea of the duties of the multi-millionaire, discusses vigorously the danger to our family system that Socialism threatens, treats of Wealth, Labor, Wages, Thrift, and other kindred vital topics in his new book, NEW YORK “Problems of To-Day” “Ghe Outlook says: “His views are likely to attract more atten- tion than those of any other man after President Roosevelt.”’ Cloth, 300 pp. Net, $1.40 (postage 12c.) Doubleday, Page & Co. 133 East 16th Street, New York City How to make your poultry farm more profitable “FARM MANAGEMENT,” by F. W. Card will tell you this—and much more besides Many photographs. Net, $2.00 ( postage 20¢) DouBLEDAY, PAGE & Co., 133 H. 16th St.. New York Marcu, 1909 THE GARDEN Ij a problem grows in your garden write to athe Readers’ Service jor assistance MAGAZINE 129 Why Waste Time and Labor? trimming and edging a lawn or garden with back-break- ing shears, clippers and edging tools, when the Capitol Lawn Trim- mer and Edger will do the work much bet- ter, easier, and in a fraction of the time. Saves its cost in less than a season. An absolute necessity for lawn gardens, parks, and ceme- teries. If your dealer does not handle it, write us for Catalog “C.” Don’t put it off. The Granite State Mowing Machine Co., Hinsdale, N. H. COMPLETE SEND FOR STEVENS’ CATALOG eae Special Off eed p er = { F. W. Kolthoff & Co. have ready for im- Ra mediate shipment One Thousand Dozen (ers all guaranteed, plants worth 25 cents each, ; which they are offering at / ron $1.00 Per Dozen ; They offer their advice on landscape designing, backed by 79 years of experi- ence, to anyone taking advantage of this offer. For this service experts are drawing as high as $50.00 per day. We offer it free of charge, to our customers. Season 1909, also containing full description and photograph of the Catalpa Bungii—America’s most beautiful lawn tree. Don’t forget. One dozen finest assorted ever blooming delivered. Order at once as supply is limited. F. W. KOLTHOFF & CO., Norwood, Cincinnati, Ohio 420 Front Street, CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS. finest selected perpetual blooming Roses, If Delivered Write for illustrated booklet of special offers for Spring Roses, sufficient for a complete Rose Bed, only $1.00 ESTABLISHED 1830 Fifteen to Twenty-five Years of Your Time Saved by Planting Hicks Big Trees Trees up to 28 ft. high, 15 ft. spread and 8 in. diameter may be shipped and successfully planted The roots are wrapped in damp moss, straw and burlap, and tied in radiating bundles. The tops are trained with single leaders and flexible branches which tie in for shipping. Over 1000 numbered specimens are ready for you to choose from. Now is the time to write and select the shape you prefer—tall trees with ovate tops or broad, round-topped trees. DIAM. HEIGHT SPREAD AGE PRICE INCHES FEET FEET YEARS F.O.B. Norway maple, 3% 18 6 13 $ 8.00 wy st 5 22 10 18 20.00 “e 5% 24 10 20 30.00 “ ss 6 26 12 22 35-00 Silver maple, 4% 22 10 12 9.00 i a8 5 24 10 12 18.00 oe 6 26 12 16 25.00 af ot 6 28 12 16 35-00 American Linden 6 20 15 16 25.00 Pin oak 6 22 15 15 25.00 sf af 6 24 12 20 30.00 “ CO 6 26 12 20 40.00 Smalli@heap, breess sae ake tooo, for landscape and forest planting and private nurseries. Send for beautifully illustrated catalogues and price list. Norway Maples, 4 to 6 in. diam. planted 12 to 25 ft. apart for perfect development. Isaac Hicks & Son, Nurserymen and Scientific Treemovers, Westbury Station, Long Island, N. Y. GREATEST PLANT FOOD IN EXISTENCE “BONORA” THE ——— SSS Use it in your coldframes. It will make your early vegetables tender, juicy and sweet, maturing them ————— > two to three weeks earlier. It will make yourroses and all flowering plants bloom as if in the Tropics. ~ | Read what some of the eminent authorities have to say: “We have made a careful test of ‘ BONORA,’ and highly endorse all that you claim for it. We can also say that it excels all other fertilizers that we have tried.” Conard & Jones Cv., West Grove, Pa. “We have used ‘ BONORA,’ for the past three years and we find that it produces excellent results; in fact, more Satisfactory than any plant food we have yet found. We therefore recommend it most highly.” The Dinzgee & Conard Co., West Grove, Pa. “The ‘BONORA’ you sent me last Fall was received. I have found it a powerful and very convenient fertilizer, especially for plants, greenhouse work, etc.’ Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal. Order direct or through your seedsman; put up in dry form in all size packages as follows: Nea 1 Ib. making 28 gallons, postpaid, $ .65 eee 5 % os 140 je 2.50 Bonora CHEMICAL Co. TO esis = 280) 4.75 i Yorn 6 © ae mee . 2 2 OS | {sot ercnon Newtons} Special prices on larger quantities; descriptive circular on application. yy Na 2BONORA CHEMICAL CO. 488-492 Broadway, New York Make Your Garden a Joy Forever Fill your garden with shrubs that grow more handsome every year. With perennials that increase in beauty and profusion of flowers with every season. We have been raising and selling plants and flowers for more than 50 years. We have acres of greenhouses and 35 acres of outdoor growing things. Whatever you need to beautify your garden or your grounds we can supply you in choicest varieties. Send for our free illustrated catalog of trees, shrubs, plants, vines, roses, etc. The Geo. Wittbold Company 1655 Buckingham Place, Chicago 130 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1909 i i 4 | | | SX H ARGH INN | i SASS | | , @ dranos ™ ob HE pre-eminence of these instruments is due princi- | pally to their exquisite tone. It is peculiar to them. q] No other maker, though probably all have tried, has succeeded in reproducing it. q The name guarantees the | Highest Quality of Workmanship and Finish. oe | Uprights, Chippendale design, $500 - - Quarter Grands, Style R, $600. Chickering Pianos may be bought of any regular Chickering representative at Boston prices with added cost of freight and dehvery. Our siterature will be sent upon request. Made. Solely by CHICKERING & SONS | 840 Tremont Street : : Established 1823 “Boston, Mass. : re . | s HE GARDEN STUDIO, at 647 Boylston St., Boston, Mass., offers a unique opportunity for the selection of garden accessories in artificial stone, for large estates, formal gardens or small home gardens. On exhibition and for sale are sun dials, benches, urns, columns, gazing globes, tables, balustrades and fountains. Particular attention is given to the orna- mentation of city yard gardens. We shall be glad to send a book of prices and illustrations of the garden accessories, which will enable you to order by mail. The firm desires also to announce that it makes and has made for years a specialty of fine interior decoration for town and country houses, libraries, | churches and theatres. L. HABERSTROH & SON 647 Boylston Street BOSTON, MASS. nae uae Me 52) . —— Ro Wake SS Ve. lants and Trees that You Can Depend On Fruit and Ornamental—are supplied by Harrison’s Nurseries. If you have been a patron you will be interested to know that vur 1909 stock is bigger and better than that ot any previous year. Should you never have tried Harrison's plants and trees, it will pay you to find out about them before you make your spring purchases. Strawberries, Peaches, Apples and Pears Are fruits in which Harrison’s Nurseries lead, both in quality and quantity. Our 1909 stock includes nearly six million strong Strawberry plants, some seven hundred thousand fine young Peach trees, approaching a million well-grown Apple trees and hundreds of thousands of Pears. We have also complete assortments of Cherries, Plums, Quinces, Currants, Grapes, etc. Ornamental Shrubs for Home Grounds Including Evergreen and Deciduous kinds—have had the attention at Harrison's, which insures vigorous, healthy specimens. We are especially strong in California Privet, Rhododendrons, Roses, Bay Trees, and the favorite hedge plants and shrubs for suburban and farm use. Shade trees good for all-round planting are grown in large quantities. Free—Our New and Better Catalogue! It is away ahead of any book we have sent cut in the past and well worth writing for. Our fruit tree and ornamental offerings are accurately described and illustrated—all pictures from non-exaggerating photographs. Beautiful color covers, true to life, showing Strawberries, Peaches and Apples. Send for a copy today and get an explanation of why it now requires a thousand acres to grow the stuff we sell every year. HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 115, BERLIN, MD. bagi > Aha Sas . Rs ee eck 3 Shee Beginning the Summer with the Gladiolus—Planting The Gladiolus Excels Every Other Flower Surpasses in gorgeous beauty every member of the flower kingdom. No other plant can vie with it in unique, fantastic, countless hues. The myriad shades blended in the rich fullness of harmony that Nature only can best direct, render it adaptable to every conceivable setting. No garden is complete without the marvelous Gladiolus, because it adds a touch that no other flower can—transforms the most ordinary spot to a place of indescribable beauty. It is an inexpensive flower, of easy culture. My Book “A Summer with the Gladiolus” Excels Every Other Book About Flowers Profuse in illustration, many of them from Autochromes, the wonderful new French color photographs—so like the living flower that you almost catch its fragrance! This book is called, “‘A Summer with the Gladiolus.” It tells just how to treat the Gladiolus, from planting time to blooming season. The amateur gardener will find in it a mine of reliable information concerning Gladioli—their distinct classes, their char- acteristics, their unlimited possibilities; a genuine delight from cover to cover; free ARTHUR COWEE, Meadowvale Farm, Box 34, Berlin, N. Y. IN MARBLE AND STONE SUN DIALS, BENCHES, FLOWER BASINS, PEDESTALS, TABLES, VASES, COLUMNS, FOUNTAINS, FIGURES, BUSTS, 1B at C- WE TBER your sun dial be severely plain or elaborate in its decoration, it serves but one purpose, to emphasize the human interest of the garden. Its design should be carefully con- sidered, that it be in keeping with its surroundings. We will gladly go over with you the selection of such pieces as you need to make your garden complete, so that everything may be in absolute harmony. CEMETERY MEMORIALS IN MARBLE, STONE AND GRANITE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. DESIGNS WILL BE SENT UPON REQUEST WITHOUT CHARGE SEND FOR BOOKLET hey Ik ASN) eG OrM PPAUN YY. Formerly LELAND & HALL COMPANY 557 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Granite Works: Barre, Vermont. Studios: Pietrasanta, Italy; 133d St., New York Success of the Burpee Business in “Quality Seeds” For many years we have had the largest Mail-Order Seed Trade in the world. This is an There are other firms that issue more expensive Therefore, the acknowledged fact and there must be a reason for it. 5 while we are exclusively a Mail-Order House. catalogs and send out ‘‘drummers,” reason must be in the quality of seeds delivered and character of service rendered. we have decided to give planters generally (even For 190 those not accustomed to buy High-Priced Novel- ties) an opportunity to learn of the great advancement recently made in several choicest new Vegetables — at less than half our regular Catalogue Prices for 1900. Any “Four of the Finest” Novelties—for 25 Cts. ! Separately the seven varieties named below are sold (excepting the last two) each at 15 cts. per pkt.— but you can select any four varieties for 25 cts. (a silver “‘quarter’”’ or five five-cent stamps), while, if desired, we will mail all Seven Varieties for 40 cts., in cash or postage stamps. Separately these seven packets, at prices “per pkt.,’’ would cost 95 cts. Burpee’s “Dwarf-Giant” Tomato. p The most meaty of all Tomatoes! The flesh is so firm and the tomatoes so heavy that they might be described “solid as a rock!” It is the most nearly seedless of all tomatoes. Of handsome, dwarf, erect growth, the bushes produce enormous crops of the most beautiful tomatoes which are truly gigantic in size and absolutely unequaled in delicious flavor. For full description and Colored Plate, also particulars of $437.50 in Special Cash Prizes for 1909,— see Burpee’s Farm Annual. Per pkt. 15 cts. Fordhook Bush Lima. as is allogether unique! only stiffly erect Bush form of the popular “Potato” Lima. Both pods and beans are twice the size of the Kumerle, while the “fat” beans are of the same delicious flavor as Burpee’s Bush Lima. Per pkt. 15 cts.; Y, pint 25 cts.; pint 45 cts. Earliest Catawba Sweet Corn. 4{ 33" have found a rival to our famous Golden Bantam — both in extreme earliness and surpassingly delicious flavor. Several who have tested it at ForpHOOK FARMS and in its home on Seneca Lake, N. Y., say it is even betler than Bantam! For full description and special offer of $310 in Cash Prizes, — see page 17 of Burpee’s Farm Annual. Pkt. 15 cts. Burpee Improved Bush Lima. {2¢°2"*; best of all Large Limas. The pods are truly enormous in size and borne most abundantly on vigorous vpright bushes. Pkt. (two ounces) 15 cts.; 4 pint 35 cts.; pint 60 cts. postpaid. “Wayahead” Lettuce. So named bkecause it is < the earliest, most solid and surest-heading of all early “‘ Butterhead” Lettuces. Per pkt.15 cts. Fordhock Musk Melon. 4:7") x«tted melons nicely with thick golden-red flesh of exquisite flavor. A better shipper than our original Nelled Gem — the “Rocky Ford” Melon, and as sweet as our famous Emerald Gem! For painting from nature and full description — see Burpee’s Farm Annual for 1909. Per pkt. 10 cts.; oz. 30 cts. Burpee’s Gibraltar Onion. Miser’ mid onions, fully as large as the Prize-Taker and’a better cropper! A great “money-maker’”’ for the market and ‘equally fine for the hone garden. For illustration and description — see page 72 of Burpee’s New Farm Annual. Pkt. 10 cts.; oz. 25 cts.; 14 lb. 70 cts.; Ib. $2.25, postpaid. 40 Cts buys all the above Seven Packets, or you can * select one packet each of any four varieties for only 25 cts. postpaid. The earliest, = ms > nw Beautiful Flowers,— Eight for 25 Cts.! Thirty years ago we originated the plan of offering each season a Grm COLLECTION, containing a fine assortment of choice flowers for only twenty-five cents. Still further “‘/o encourage the beautiful,” we have endeavored now to surpass all previous efforts. we will mail one packet each of all the For 25 Cts. following: ForpDHOOK FavorirE ASTERS, choicest varieties in unequaled mixture: WHITE HyacintH Canpy- TUFT, immense heads of splendid flowers; DyantHuUS, ForDHOOK Favorites, all the best Chinese and Japanese Pinks; BURBANK’S New Escuscuortzia, the lovely bright-crimson California Poppy ; New ‘“FucuHsiA-FLOWERED”’ IPOMOEA, a most attractive, rapid growing climber, — see illustration; IMPERIAL GERMAN PANSIES, 50 varieties in superb mixture; PETUNIA, “BRILLIANT BEAUTIES,” a special blend ot Baby Blue. Adonis, Rosy Morn, etc., and Burpee’s Best Strain of PHLtox DruUMMONDII GRANDIFLORA as grown at our famous Fordhook Farms. 25 Cts buys all the above * eight packets, which purchased separately would cost 8e cls./ collections mailed for $1.00. Seeds S for the Children’s Garden. No better collection than the above could be obtained to give to children. As our contribution we send with each Gem collection ordered this season two extra packets Free — containing special mixture of SwrEET PEAS and NAsTURTIUMS. The sweet Peas include Burpee’s Best Mixed, together with Fordhook Fancy Flaked and New ‘‘ Spencer Seedlings.”’ The Nasturtiums will include all tall varieties—Bur pee’s Giant-Flowered, Madame Gunter Hybrids, Red-Spurred Lobb’s and a few of the Variegated-Leaved and New Ivy-Leaved. “Petunia— Rosy Morn.’’ For $1.00 any address upon receipt of only one dollar. we will mail all the seeds advertised for sale on this page and give also any one 15 ct. pkt. of The Three New Sweet Peas named at bottom of last column — making in all 32 pkts. for $1.00. (&~Not counting the two pkts. we give the children, the remaining 30 pkts. at regular retail prices amount to $3.40 — but all will be mailed to i WWW / J i WY fy Yay \ JA | NAW <& f) \ Ny S ( 7 YF AQ $Y Six Superb New “Spencer” Sweet Peas 6 Packets for 25 Cts. For 25 Cts we will mail one 15-cent packet of BURPEE’S APPLE BLossom SPENCER, as shown, painted from nature, on front cover of Burpee’s Farm Annual for 1909; one liberal packet each of BuRPEE’s WHITE SPENCER and PRIMROSE SPENCER, which sold last year at one cel a seed: one regular packet each of the crimson-orange Helen Lewis, and the exquisitely dainty “pink-edged” FLorRENCE Morsr SPENCER; together with a 15-cent packet of the New SupERB SPENCER SEEDLINGS — the first really fine mixture of this magnificent, gigantic, ruffled, Orchid- flowered race. These six superb Spencers, together with our new Leaflet on culture, mailed for only 25 cts.; five collections for $1.00. Eight Elegant New “Standard” Sweet Peas we will mail one regular retail packet For 25 Cts. each of these eight :— The new flaked Prince Orar and the richest dark navy blue, BuRPEE’S BRILLIANT BtiuE; the “apricot and lemon,” Sysir Eckrorp; the “peach blossom pink,’ QUEEN OF SPAIN; the Gloxinia-flowered, mottled HELEN PrERCE; the fadeless scarlet QuEEN ALEXANDRA; the orange-salmon, BoLton’s PINK, and a large 1o-cent packet of the unequaled Special New BuRPEr’S Best MixEpD SWEET PEAS FOR 1909. 25 Cts. so ordered. we will mail both collections as above For 50 Cts. together with your choice of. a 15-cent packet of either BurPEE’s Krnc EDWARD SPENCER, the greatest novelty in Sweet Peas for 1909, shown on colored plate in our catalogue, the New Princess VicTORIA SPENCER, so named by Royal request, or the gorgeous English St. GrorcrE. Thus you obtain for 50 cts. fifteen of the finest new Sweet Peas, which purchased separately at regular prices would amount lo $1.65! We have been recognized for many years as AMERICAN ‘‘HEAD- QUARTERS FOR SWEET PEAS” and are determined to maintain this unigue position. buys either of the above collections, or $1.00 any five collections, mailed to separate addresses, if (@" Whether you are ready now to order any of the above ornot, you should write TO-DAY for Burpee’s New Farm Annual for 1909, The “Leading American Seed Catalog ”— which is now better than ever before! An ELEGANT Book OF 174 PAGES — it is “THE Sttent SALESMAN” of the World’s Largest Mail-Order Seed Trade. truth about the Best Seeds that can be grown. i K a plates, Seven Superb Novelties in Vegetables, Three New ‘‘Spencer” Sweet Peas and the most beautiful New Giant-flowered Pansies —all accurately painted from nature. It tells the plain Bound in covers lithographed in nine colors it shows, with the beautiful colored It is A SArre GurpeE to success and should be consulted by every one who gardens either for pleasure or profit. It is mailed FREE to all who appreciate Qualily in Seeds. Shall we mail You a copy? Kindly name this paper. ‘W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Burpee Building, PHILADELPHIA art sopring Planting Number = 3.20" 7 A Manual of all the Spring Operations in the Home Garden 25¢ Vol. IX. No. 3 Fruits—Flowers— Vegetables— Shrubs $1.00 a COUNTRY LIFE gg DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. THE WORLD'S IN AMERICA 133-137 EAST Joh STREET New vop, Opie AWN SAND “DESTROYS WEEDS IN 24 | Ol IRS NOT AN EXPERIMENT e BUTA PROVEN SUCCESS The only preparation that will kill the weeds absolutely, not disfigure the lawn or destroy the grass, and in addition act as a fertilizer, thus promoting aluxurious sward. Eradicates dandelions, plantains, chick- weeds, moss, etc., etc. Special booklet giving full particulars sent free. 3% Ib. can, 60 cents 7 Ib.can . . $1.00 14 Ib. can . . $1.75 28 Ibs. . . . $3.00 56 Ibs. . . . $5.00 112 lbs. . . . $8.00 Purchaser paying transit. W.W.RAWSON & CO, |TriatPackaze 25¢. Mailed Free redeemed for the amount of oe cents if enclosed witha Seedsmen BOSTON, MASS, | regular order for lawn sand. A New Book by “Rudyard Kipling With the Night Mail A STORY OF 2000 A.D., TOGETHER WITH BPX®RACTS ERO THE CONTEMPORARY MAGAZINE IN WHICH IT APPEARED ) This remarkable tale of Mr. Kipling’s chronicles_a trip in the postal packet “162,” on her aérial run from London one night to Quebec the next morning (!) in the year 2000 A.D. If you wish for a short time to live in the coming century of marvels, if you want one of the most © dramatic glimpses of the Future Civilization that has ever been laid before us, you cannot afford to miss this story. Four illustrations in color by Leyendecker. Fixed price, $1.00 (Postage roc.) The Pocket Kipling This is a most luxurious and delightful edition, printed on thin but opaque paper and bound in imported leather. Size 434x736 inches. Each, fixed price, $1.50. (Postage 7c.) Now Ready: Kim The Day’s Work Life’s Handicap Plain Tales from the Hills Departmental Ditties and Ballads The Seven Seas Many Inventions and Barrack-room Ballads Soldier Stories e e 29 e o Rudyard Kipling’s Books in Full Size Puck of Pook’s Hill. Illustrated in color. $1.50. Kim. $1.50. The Light That Failed. $1.50. They. Special Holiday Edition. Illustrated in The Day’s Work. $1.50. Soldier Stories. 50. color. Fixed price, $1.50. (Postage 10c.) Stalky & Co. $1.50. (WithWolcott Balestier) The Naulahka. $1.50. The Five Nations. Fixed price, $1.40. (Post- Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50 Traffics and Discoveries. 50. age IlIc.) Life’s Handicap’ Being Stories of Mine Own Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Just So Stories. Fixed price, $1.20. (Post- People. $1.5! Barrack-room Ballads. $1.5 age I7c.) The Kipling Pane Book. $1.00. Soldiers Three, The Story of ae Gadsbys, The Just So Song Book. Fixed price, $1.20. Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rick- and In Black and White. $1 50. (Postage 8c.) shaw and Wee Willie Winkie. $1.50. Many Inventions. $1.50. Collected Verse of Rudyard Kipling. From Sea to Sea. Fixed price, $1.60. (Post- The Brushwood Boy, Fixed price, $1.50. Fixed price, $1.80. (Postage |2c.) age 12c.) (postage 8c.) Doubleday, Page & Company, 133 East 16th Street, New York eT” i ee Oe Se eee ee nae APRIL, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ay OD) 2 ARS \ RECORD RECORD Ic.Siane Si he States : meotlibe Byira alo us jam 208s Lpsmanl ce fow-af the 1besperd irs Prachss csbch Mest a hisBuck” ss pats Meroe atts €. ch” ~ 1210 2 ly |ACHIME. CO r TALKING MACHIW Co MS ™S CAMOrn mg 8-inch Victor Double-Faced Records Victor Red Seal Records 35 cents 60 cents 10-inch, 75 cents; 12-inch, 1.25 $1 and upwards It isn’t any one thing, but all things combined that make Victor quality. Artists Caruso, Calve, Eames, Farrar, Gadski, Homer, Melba, Plancon, Schumann-Heink, Scotti, Sembrich and Tetrazzini are among the world’s greatest operatic stars who make records exclusively for the Victor. Sousa and his band, Pryor’s Band, and many famous instrumental soloists make records only for the Victor. May Irwin, Vesta Victoria, Nat M. Wills, Clarice Vance, Alice Lloyd and Maude Raymond are among the leading vaudeville artists who make records only for the Victor. Selections The choicest masterpieces of the greatest composers, favorite L we hymns, the good old songs of heart and home, as well as_ the He newest and most popular selections of the day. Recording Every part of every selection is perfectly recorded on Victor Records. lf there happens to be even the smallest flaw, the artists sing or play the selection over again until every part is absolutely perfect. The artists are just as particular as the Victor laboratory staff to have every selection perfect. Materials The materials used in making Victor Records are the best that money can buy. The various ingredients form a scientific com- pound, particularly adapted to fine tone recording and reproduction, that was discovered only after long research and costly experiment by the Victor staff of expert chemists. Every Victor Record is carefully made by skilled workmen. Reproducing The result is that every Victor Record has that unequaled, sweet, clear, true-to-life, musical tone-quality which puts Victor Records in a class by themselves far above all competition. Every Victor Record is a work of art. Any Victor dealer will gladly play any Victor Records you want to hear. Write to us today for complete catalogues of the Victor and Victor- Victrola, and of 3cco Victor Records. Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., u.s. A. Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors. CC i REG. U.S. PAT. OFF. Epi ernest A complete list of new Victor Records for April will be found in the April number of Munsey’s, Scribner’s McClure’s, Century, Everybody’s and May Cosmopolitan. ae <" “HIS MASTERS VOICE” 133 ee Se ee eT t i ‘ ’ : 7 { ; 134 What is a fair renta for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory THE GARDEN MAGAZINE APRIL, 1909 Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 133 East 16th Street, New York. “WIGWARM” SPECIALTIES FOR POULTRYMEN “WIGWARM” Poultry and Brooder Houses are made in sec- tions 10 x Io ft., : and any number can be added. Each pen has hinged windows to open its full size, giving plenty of light and air. Each house has ro ft. dropping board with two to ft. roosts, also set of nests, fountain and hen door. Houses well painted and have neat, pleasing appearance. ““WIGWARM ” Setting and Brood Coop. A continuous success for 21 years. Here a hen can set in quiet and comfort. She’ll break fewer eggs, and hatch more chicks. Keeps out rats, skunks, hawks and other ene- mies. It measures 20 in. wide, 24 in. high and 48 in. long. Runway, 20 x 24 in. Food outside. Weight only 30 lbs. Shipped knocked down; can be set in 20 minutes. Price, $3.00. Just the thing for colony raising. “WIGWARM” Poultry House No. 0. Sanitary. Moy- able. One man can easily raise several hundred birds with least expense. They are complete in every re- spect, having a feed trough in front of run, a cagefountain, and roosts. Easily cleaned and aired. 5 ft. high x 4 ft. x ro ft. Weight, 225 lbs. Price, $r7. Winter and sum- mer the stock is always comfortable. “ WIGWARM ” Brooders are backed by 15 years of Brooder building. Others imitate, but mot successfully. Buy a “WIGWARM” and you get the Xe best. Storm proof. No over-heat- ing; even temperature, no matter how cold outside; hot water and hot air system combined, giving perfect, healthy ventilation. Used and endorsed by leading poultry experts at the various State Ex- periment Stations. Please write for Poultry Catalog. E. F. HODGSON CO., 104 Washington St., Boston. ORDER EGGS FROM The Rancocas Poultry Farms Scientifically Bred SINGLE-COMB White Leghorns The kind that lay the eggs from which are hatched the chicks that grow to matur- ity. We haves,100 laying hens, all of which have a wide range; fertility is a rule, not the RANCOCAS tion. Write fc 1 d prices. EGGS eer CAO SVAN UM play THE RANCOCAS POULTRY FARMS PROFIT J. M. FOSTER, Mgr. BROWNS-MILLS-IN-THE-PINES @ : New Jersey 10 CENTS EACH White Rock and Black Orpington Eggs for Hatching LESLIE JEFFERIS 162 Henderson Rd. Bridgeport, Pa. | RHODE ISLAND REDS Make big money for breeders. Easy to care for, too. Farmers prefer them to allothers. @ «« Eggs to Hatch,’’ 10 cents each, $8 per 100. MY NEW BOOK sent for 20 cents, tells how to raise the Reds and make ’em pay. Real color pictures show them true to life. With each copy goes coupon good for 20c. on your first egg order 3 WALTER SHERMAN Meadowslope, Newport, R. I. For Our Great Trial Collection of Veg- etable and Flower Seeds. Ten big packets, A trial this year will make you a cus- Order At Once, SEND 25 CENTS fresh seeds. tomer for many years to come. F. T. LANGE, Union Bill, N. J. Make Your Own Fertilizer AT SMALL COST WITH .WILSON’S PHOSPHATE MILLS UF) From x10 oH P. Also Bone Cutters, = and shell mills, farm feed mills, family grist mills, scrap cake mills. Send for our catalog. WILSON BROS., Sole Mfrs., Easton, Pa. Factory: Dover, Mass. House them right—the Model Incubators and Brooders made by Chas. A. Cyphers cannot be excelled. eed them right—Chick Manna means quick growth and strong development. Follow with **Vigor Foods ”—and produce early broilers and roasters. If there is anything you want to know about chickens, writeme. I’Il be glad to help you solve your poultry problems. : Bee Supplies, Hives, Smokers—every- c> thing for Bees. STOKES’? SEED STORE Dept.W, 219 Market St., Philadelphis Send for my new Seed Catalogue. It’s free. ffs. Removes Bursal Enlargements, Thickened Swollen Tissues, Curbs, Filled Tendons, Soreness from any Bruise or Strain, without blistering, removing the hair, or laying up the horse. Cures Lameness, En- larged, Swollen Veins or Glands, Boils, Painful Afflictions, Allays Pain. $2.00 a bottle, at dealers ’ or delivered. Pamphlet 1-D free. W. F. YOUNG. P. D. F., 41 Monmouth St., Springfield, Mass. / for hatching, and 648 first prizes won by the Reliable Incubator p Perfect ventilating, double heating sys- tem, inside heater, and automatic regu- i lator--a great fuel saver. Send today for FREE Poultry Book—valuable information on poultry raising and incubators. Reliable Incubator & Brooder Co.,Box D 7, Quincy, IIl. Amateur, Fancier, Professional Breeder or General Farmer—the Book you need is “THE POULTRY BOOK’’ 672 illustrations. One handsome large volume. $7.50 postpaid. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 133 EAST 16th STREET NEW YORK Large Berkshire Swine Both imported and American breed- | ing along the most approved lines. j Bred sows, service boars and young 5 stock of all ages. Wehave never bred a cross animal nor had a sow molest her pigs. All animals registered free of charge. Write for booklet. H.C. & H.B. HARPENDING DUNDEE, N. Y. THE GARDEN, BOUND VOLUME VIII. The Garden Magazine (Aug. 1908 to Jan. 1909) Price $1.35 The volumes of the Garden Magazine, completely indexed for handy reference make an inexhaustible and beautiful library set. We can furnish Volumes I to VII at $2.00 each or bind your own copies at 75c per volume. Back numbers for broken files supplied at 15c except April and October which are Special numbers sell- ing for 25c. Mark your name and address plainly on package in returning copies. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 E. 16th St., New York Now on Sale. CHAIN naneine OL ANCHION Gives animals perfect freedom; absolutely no chafing. Ex.-Gov. Hoard of Hoard’s Dazryman writes, “T have been very much impressed With the practical excellence of War- riner stanchion.”’ Write for booklet and specifications of one of the simplest yet sanitary stables in this country, to W.B. Crumb, Day St., Forestville, Conn Jersey Reds are Lively Growers and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. Jersey Reds are the most satisfactory, all-round breed. Those who have tried them say so. Fattep easily and quickly, are small-boned, long-bodied, vigorous and prolific; quality of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed. Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box T, Moorestown, N. J. SQUAB "09 BOOK FREE Mated ets Write for our handsome 1909 isin Free Book, telling how to make rom money breeding squabs. © were eggs to first, the originators. Cloth-bound sauabs i book now 303 pages. 114 illus. 5 It’s Great. Plymouth Rock Squab Co., 151 Howard St., Melrose, Mass. SHEEP FARM 1,2CO acres with good buildings and 300 to 400 acres of finest mountain pasture, located in Southern New Hampshire, is offered for sale. Price $7,500. W. B. BLAKEMORE, 141 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. APRIL, 1909 A Good Living From Poultry on a City Lot THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 135 $1,500.00 in Ten Months From a City Lot Only Forty Feet Square The Philo System On This Lot About 60 Breeding Hens Are Kept and an Average of 250 Chickens Is Especially Valuable to the Farmer as Well as the City or Village Fancier and is Adapted to all Climates, all Breeds and all People The Philo System is Unlike All Other Ways of Keeping Poultry and in many respects it is just the reverse, accomplishing things in poultry work that have been always considered impossible and getting unheard of results that are hard to believe without seeing. However, the facts remain the same, and we can prove to you every word of the above statement. The New System Covers All Branches of the Work Necessary for Success From selecting the breeders to marketing the product. It tells how to get eggs th t will hatch, how to hatch nearly every egg, and how to raise nearly all the chicks hatched. It gives complete plans in detail how to make everything necessary to run the business and at less than half the cost required to handle the poultry business in any other manner. There is nothing complicated about the work and any man, woman or child that can handle a saw and hammer can do the work. Two Pound Broilers in Eight Weeks Are raised in a space of less than a square foot to the broiler without any loss and the broilers are of the very best quality, bringing, here, three cents per pound above the highest market price. Our Six=Months-Old Pullets Are Laying at the Rate of 24 Eggs Each Per Month in a space of two square feet for each bird. No green cut bone or meat of any descrip- tion is fed, and the food is inexpensive as compared with food others are using. Our new book, The Philo System of Progressive Poultry Keeping, gives full particulars regarding these wonderful discoveries, with simple, easy-to-under- stand directions that are right to the point, and fifteen pages of illustrations showing all branches of the work from start to finish. Tt also tells how to make a brooder for twenty-five cents that will automatically keep all lice off the chickens or kill any that may be on them when in the brooders. Our New Brooder Saves Two Cents on Each Chicken No lamp is required. No danger of chilling, overheating or burning up the chickens as with brooders using lamps or any kind of fire. They also keep all lice off the chickens automatically, or kill any that may be on them when placed in the brooder. Our book gives full plans and the right to make and use them. One can be easily made in an hour at a cost of from 25 to 50 cents. A Few Testimonials VALLEY Fatts, N. Y., Sept. 5, 1908. It was my privilege to spend a week in Elmira during August, during which time I saw the practical working of the Philo System of Keeping Poultry and was surprised at the result accomplished in a small corner ofa city yard. Seeing is believing they say, and if I had not seen, it would have been hard to belive that such results could have followed so small an out- lay of space, time and money. (Rev.) W. W. Cox. October 22, 1908. P. S—A year’s observation, and some experience of my own, confirm me in what I wrote Sept. 5, 1907. The System has been tried so long and by so many, that there can be no doubt as to its worth and adaptability. It is especially valuable to parties having but a small place for chickens; scven feet square is plenty for a flock of seven. (Rev.) W. W. Cox. Ransomvitte, N. Y., Dec. S 1908 Dear S1r:—Last Spring we purchased your book entitled the “Philo System” and used your heatless brooders last Spring and Summer. The same has beena great help to us in raising the chix in the health and mortality. The chix being stronger and healthier than those raised in the brooders with supplied heat. We believe this brooder is the best thing out yet for raising chix successfully. We put 25,000 chix through your heatless brooders this last season and expect to use it more completely this coming season. We have had some of the most noted poultrymen from all over the U.S. here, also a large amount of visitors who come daily to our plant and without any exception they pronounce our stock the finest and healthiest they have seen anywhere this year. Respectfully yours, W. R. Curtiss & Company. ARE THEY WORTH SAVING? Don’t Let the Chicks Die in the Shell. One of our secrets of success is to save all the chickens that are fully developed at hatching time, whether they can crack the shell or not. It is a simple trick, and believed to be the secret of the Ancient Egyptians and Chinese which enabled them to sell their chicks at 10 cents a dozen. It takes but a minute to save a chick and no skill required. Note What Others Say of This ‘‘Trick of the Trade.’’ Rincwoop, Onrt., Can., May 6, 1908 DeEarR Sir:—Some time ago I got the Philo System and must say it is the best book I ever read on Poultry. I have tried the “‘Trick of the Trade’? and saved twenty-two chickens which otherwise would have died. Yours truly, Roy Mover. BETHLEHEM, Pa., April 25, 1908. Dear Sir:—Your book safely to hand, and have derived great benefit from it, especially “A Trick of the Trade.” Respectfully yours, G.H. STANntroRTH. Potomac, I1t., May, 1908. Dear Sir:—I am using your System of Progressive Poultry Keeping and consider it the best work on Poultry Raising IT ever read. In my last hatch I saved twenty-three chickens by fol- lowing the article ““A Trick of the Trade.” Yours truly, FRED JANISON. Send $1.00 and a copy of the latest revised edition of the book will be sent you by return mail. Address, E. R. PHILO, Publisher 601 Third Street, Elmira, N. Y. 136 The Readers’ Service will give information about motor boats THE GARDEN MAGAZINE APRIL, 1909 Comrades By Thomas Dixon, Jr. Author of ‘The Leopard’s Spots,” “ The Clansman,” “ The Traitor,” “ The One Woman,”’ etc. A dramatic and absorbing novel of a young millionaire and a girl enthusiast who join a socialist colony in California. Four clus- trations in color, $1.50. In the Valley of the Shadows By Thomas LeeW oolwine A touching story of the Ten- nessee Mountains, showing how the love of two young people proved too strong for the blood feud between their families. four illustrations in color. $1.00. The Wild Geese By Stanley J. Weyman Author of “Chippinge Borough’ and “The Long Night.” An exciting romance of the Irish coast in 1780, and the best story we have had from this distinguished author in years. Mr. Weyman announces that this is to be his last novel. Four illustrations. $1.50. Old Jim Case of South Hollow By Ed. Rice, of Onondaga Co. If you have ever hunted a ’coon, fished for trout, swapped a lie or a horse, livedina village, indulged in romance, or longed for a genuine, soothing, honest book, there is something for you in “Old Jim Case.” Frontispiece. Fixed price, $1.00 (postage 12c). ‘Comrades ”’ The Climber By E. F. Benson Author of “Sheaves,” “The Blotting Book,’ etc. The story of ambitious Lucia Grimson, who gains the goal of her dreams—social leadership— at the expense of all that is best in life. This is Mr. Benson’s best novel. Frontispiece in brown and gold. Fixed price, $1.40 (postage 12c). A Prince of Dreamers By Flora Annie Steel Author of ‘On the Face of the Waters,” “A Sovereign Remedy, etc. Against the background of Oriental mystery supplied by the India of Queen Elizabeth’s time, Miss Steel has woven a powerful and finely imaginative romance that is sure to win her new honors. Fixed price, $1.25 (post- age 10C). -TheHouseWith No Address By E. Nesbit Author of “The Wouldbegoods,” “The Incomplete Amorist,” etc. An extraordinary story ofa young dancer who becomes the reign- ing sensation with her Salome dance, but who remains a hope- less enigma to the public because of the deep mystery which sur- rounds her. $1.50. Booth Tarkington’s The Guest of Quesnay Not since “Beaucaire’”’ has Mr. Tarkington done anything that savors of the grace, fragrance and the dreamy exquisiteness of this successful new romantic novel Lllustyations. $1.50. Mary Stewart Cutting’s The Wayfarers Mrs. Cutting has more than fulfilled, she has exceeded, the expectations of the admirers of her shorter suburban stories in this splendid novel of American life. suburbs are the main motives and they are admirably handled. Sixth Ldition. Sllustrations. Business and Jove and the social life of the $1.50. Joel Chandler Harris’s The Bishop and the Boogerman One of the Jast stories from the irresistible pen of “ Uncle Remus,” with all the whimsicality and the quaint, delightful humor of the Uncle Remus books. COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA Fixed price, $1.00 (postage 10C). THE WORLD’S WORK THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK. LOW-COST SUBURBAN HOMES An Early Blooming Shrub HE American witch hazel (Hamamelis Virginiana) blooms from September to November. Its brown and yellow flowers are such a delightful addition to the garden in the late fall that it should be planted wherever possible. Tee The witch hazel blooms from September to No- vember and often carries fruits and flowers at the same time The fruits of the previous crop of flowers still hang to the tree when it blooms a second time, and the accompanying photograph, taken November 18th, shows both blossoms and fruits. The witch hazel will attain a height of about eight or ten feet in about six years from seed, but after it has reached ihat height it is of very slow growth. New Jersey. GEORGE SHERMAN. A book of 90 plans and photographs of houses that have been built at costs ranging from $1,000 to $10,000. Designed By Leading Architects Each plan is of a house actually built and is accompanied by photo- graphs of the finished house. In most casesthe cost is given. [Houses of frame, stone, brick, cement, shingle, stucco of many kinds, and on many sorts of lots, are included. The book is beautifully printed on coated paper and sold at the following prices : The Marguerite NE of the most common flowers in cultivation in San Francisco is the Marguerite or Paris Art Paper Cover, Price only 25 Cents Postpaid. Art Vellum Cloth Cover, Price only 50 Cents Postpaid Wrap up Coins in Heavy Paper or send Stamps. Address THE JOHN C. WINSTON COMPANY, Dept. A. 1006 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Publishers of House & GARDEN, the Illustrated Monthly Magazine daisy, (Chrysanthemum frutescens, var. florum), u J ] grandi- . It thrives in moist land, and the flowers, APRIL, 1909 There’s an Axle lubricant So). of slip, and go, and smoothness, that it takes the placesof) roller bearings for all kinds of horse drawn vehicles. It’s MICA AXLE GREASE And a trial of it means constant use ever after. Mica Axle Grease won’t make an empty wagon push a horse up hill; but it wz// make a big load draw no end of per cent easier. It’s a friction killer and a horse saver; and it wears so well that it’s hard to remember the date of last greasing. Ask your dealer for Mica Axle Grease try it. and STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Incorporated) ““BONORA’’ THE MOST MARVELOUS PLANT FOOD IN THE WORLD The result of years of study by an eminent English chemist, and is now revolutionizing the gardens of the world. ‘‘BONORA”’ is the most highly concen- trated fertilizer ever prepared, and contains the necessary elements of plant life in such quantity as to induce the most marvel- ous results. ‘‘BONORA” } puts new life into all vege- On|! tation, will make your Y) | flowering plants bloom in } } profusion, acts like magic on vegetables of every vari- ety, and will make your lawns look like velvet. Three applications through- out the season will give your plants a lasting and healthy growth. ‘‘BONORA’”’ is used in the leading conser- vatories and gardens of the finest estates of the country. Try ‘‘BONORA” yourself, and you will soon con- clude it is useless to try to raise flowers or plants without it. Descriptive circular on application. Put up in dry form in all size packagesas follows: 1 lb. making 28 gallons, post-paid pine ge 40%) 5 express 10 “se “ 280 «se sé Special prices on larger quantities. BONORA CHEMICAL CO. 488-492 Broadway = = = = THE GREATEST DISCOVERY ) (OF MODERN TIMES. RES PLANT F| Bonora 5B4 Baoaoway. New YORK 2. 1s 0 tayo meee 194 PLANTING A REAL OLD-FASHIONED GARDEN . . H..S. Adams 164 CROPS FOR GREENFERTILIZERS . . .. . . . EeM.-East 186 P G Pe Wee Pe author, H. Troth, and a HL. Jenki 66 FERTILIZER TABLE FOR THE HOME GARDEN. C. E. Hartmann 188 LANTING GRAPES IN toa ea tee Roe OE 0 Halo MOUISIES ONO) RADISHES INTHE CUCUMBER PatcH ..... L.W. Rice 188 PLANTING A STRAWBERRY BED . ... . . . M. Crawford 168 GRowING EXHIBITION BLOOMS OF SWEET PEAS Edgar A. Higgins 192 Photographs by H. Troth and H. C. Tibbitts Photograph by E, D. Hees CurmnincOUArITY IN LAMA BEANS |) |. . 2 2c. . « « . 168 Witp FLowers WortH Improvine, III. W. A. Brotherton 194 Photographs by Thomas J. Steed [THE PERENNIAL GENTIANS| Sprinc Joss You Must Nor Necrtecr . . Thomas J. Steed 168 Photograph by Nathan R. Graves Four Ways or CATCHING THE MoLtE . . . . Ward MacLeod 170 GettiInc MoneEy’s WortH IN Toots. . . . J. Lukens Kayan 106 Spray Now For THE Copiinc Mota .. . . Samuel Jackson 170 SUCCESS IN TRANSPLANTING ToMATOES . . . Lena W. Rice 108 Photograph by Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station THE CARE OF THE Cow I . HOWMOURREVENT SPRUCE GATES . © . . |. | . GS. J. 170 Tt fe eee Si sohm Elarrsonaz co Photograph by H, Troth ANSWWVERSETOR@UERTES§ cite cies oe as aise, oh ads o Seo SUBSCRIPTION: WILHELM MILLER, Epiror.—Copyrricut, 1909, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY For Foreign Postage add 65c One dollar a year Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 For Canada add 35c Single Copies 15c | F.N. Doustepay, President Watrer H. Pace, Herrert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H.W. Lanter, Secretary S.A. Everitt, Treasurer Planet Jr. Garden Implements Save half your labor and get bigger crops. The Planet Jr. does away with slow, old-time, back-breaking methods—makes gardening a real pleasure, and turns pleasure into profit. Planet Jr. implements are light, strong and f# lasting. Cultivating® parts are high-carbon steel. Made by a prac- tical farmer and experi- enced manufacturer, and fully guaranteed. No. 25 Hill and Drill Seeder, Double-Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow combines every useful tool in one strong, light, easy-running, simply adjusted implement. Opens the furrow, sows the seed accurately in drills, or in hills 4 to 24 inches apart, covers, rolls, and marks out the next row, and does thorough work as a double-wheel hoe, cultivator and plow. No. 17 Planet Jr. Single-Wheel Hoe is capable of almost every kind of garden culture. It is equipped with a plow, cultivator-teeth of new design, rake and leaf guard. Adjustable to hoe one side or bothsides of a row at once. Works extremely close to plants without injuring them. Send for our new 1909 catalogue of 56 pages, which pictures and de- | scribes 45 kinds of Planet Jr. implements. Free and postpaid. Write today. S. L. Allen & Co., Box 1108S, Philadelphia, Pa. 144 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Success of the Burpee Business in “Quality-Seeds” or postage stamps. 3 D 9» is the most meaty of all Dwarf-Giant Tomatoes! The fish is so firm and the tomatoes so heavy that they might be described “solid as a rock!” It is the most xearly seedless of all tomatoes. Of handsome, dwarf, erect growth, the bushes produce enormous crops of the most beautiful tomatoes which are truly gigantic im size and absolutely unequaled in delicious flavor. For full descrip- tion and Colored Plate showing natural size fruits, also “y particulars of $437.50 in Cash Prizes,— see Burpee’s ) New Farm Annual. Pkt. 15 cts.; 2 pkts. for 25 cts. 4 ° This is altogether Fordhook Bush Lima. 2750.2) “The only stiffly erect Bush form of the popular “‘ Potato” Lima. Both pods and beans are twice the size of the AKumerle or Dreer’s Bush Lima, while the “fat”? beans are of the same delicious flavor as Burpee’s Bush Lima. For illustrations, prize reports and full description,— see Burpee's Farm Annual. Per pkt. 15 cts.; \% pint 25 cts.; pint 45 cts. At last alls Earliest Catawba Sweet Corn. {2 a,c found a rival to our famous Golden Bantam,—both in extreme earliness and surpassingly delicious flavor. Several who have tested it at FoRDHOOK FARMS and \ in its home on Seneca Lake, N.Y., say it is even better "\ than Bantam! For full description and special offer of \ $310 in Cash Prizes,—see Burpee’s Farm Annual for 1909. Per pkt. 15 cts.; 2 pkts. for 25 cts. Fy \o8.4 Burpee’s Earliest “Wayahead ” Lett So named because it is the earliest and surest-heading of all early EUlUCEe. «Butterhead” Lettuces. For illustration and description,— see Burpee’s Farm Annual for rg09. Per pkt. 15 cts.; per oz. 50 cts. New Sweet Peas for 1909, Superb “Spencer” Seedlings. Many colors of the gigantic waved and frilled “Spencers ”—in unequaled mix- ture. These new seedlings of the true “orchid-flowered” crinkled type will give a rare treat to lovers of Sweet Peas. Per pkt. 15 cts.; per oz. $1.25. Burpee’s Blend of the Best New Giant-Flowered Pansi As now improved, this is decidedly the most complete mixture MSIES. of Truly Giant-flowered Pansies ever offered. Per pkt. 15 cts. ° ° In su i “Variegated-Queen” Nasturtiums. [7 S¢Bor? mixture growth, bearing flowers of many bright colors. The leaves are so beauti- fully variegated with yellow, white and green that the plants would be worthy of culture even for foliage alone! Pkt. 15 cts.; per oz. 50c. 50 cts Buys all the above Nine Packets, or you can select one packet each of any Four for 25 cts., postpaid. Whether ready now to order or not, you should write TO=DAY for Burpee’s Farm Annual The Leading American Seed Catalog AN ELEGANT Book oF 174 PAGES,—it tells the plain truth about the Best Seeds that can be grown,—as proved at our famous FoRDHOOK FaRMS,—the most complete Trial Grounds in America. It is A SAFE GUIDE and should be consulted by every one If so, kindly write your address plainly, name The Garden Magazine-Farming, and mail postal,—To=day ! W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Burpee Building, who plants seeds, whether for pleasure or profit. Shall we mail YOU a copy? The Largest Mail-Order Seed Trade in the World! wiN Le d of successful business we have introduced more Novelties in Vegetables and te In Our 33 Years Flowers that have become Standard Varieties of Recognized Fate in the ) markets of the world—than have any other three firms of American seedsmen ! we have decided to give planters generally (even those not accustomed to b igh- For 1909 Priced Novelties),— an opportunity to learn of the great advancement recente several new Vegetables and Flowers,—at /ess than half our regular Catalog prices for 1909! Any “Four of the Finest” Novelties for 1909,— Your Choice,— Mailed for Only 25 Cents! Separately the nine varieties described below are sold (excepting Mordhook Melon) each at rs cts. per pkt.,— but you ca Le varieties for 25 cts. (a silver ‘‘quarter”’ or five five-cent stamps), while, if desired, we will mail all Nine Varieties for 50 cts., in can Separately these nine packets, at prices “‘ per pkt.,”” amount to $1.30. 7 Burpee’s “Dwarf -Giant” Tomato. Fordhook Musk Malone Heavily netted melons, nicely ribbed, with thick golden-red flesh of exquisite flavor. A better shipper than our original Vetted Gem—The /f “Rocky Ford’? Melon,—and as sweet as our famous Lyzerald Gem! For painting from nature, illustrations from photo-— graphs, full description and trial reports, —see Burpee’s Farm Annual for zgog. Per pkt. 10 cts.; oz. 30 cts.; 14 lb. 85 cts.; per Ib. $3.00. Burpee-Improved 4 — Bush Lima. The earliest, largest and // best of all Large Limas. (72 Ten days earlier than any ; other Large Lima, the pods are zyzly enormous im size and borne most abundantly on vigorous upright bushes. Per pkt. (two ounces) 15 cts.; % pint 35 cts.; pint 60 cts., postpaid. BURPEE’S “DWARF-GIANT’’ TOMATO,—A ctual Size. Weight, 7 ozs. Philadelphia, Pa. APRIL, 1909 ee ee The Garden Magazine VoL. IX—No. 3 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXIPIRIE,, S08) ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A Copy [For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude. Fourth Annual ‘‘ Life Saver”? Na can have twice as good a garden and five times as much ‘‘fun,”’ save half the work and all the worry, by using this page as your spring guide. You can absolutely cut out the spring rush by doing the headwork indoors before April Ist. The thing to do now 1s to cross off all the items on this page that do not concern you. Then check off each item as fast as it is done, date it, and you will have the best garden diary you ever saw. The best working library any gardener can have is the eight bound volumes of THE GARDEN Macazine. Get an extra set of indexes, keep them in a patent holder, and you.can save handling heavy books and much precious time. This is our fourth improved “check list” or ‘‘spring guide.”” Tell us a better scheme and you will be our everlasting friend. Indoors Before April First END a dozen postals to the best seeds- men and nurserymen for catalogues. Get manure or fertilizer. Plan the vegetable garden. Draw it to scale. Take the ten steps mentioned in E. L. Fullerton’s “‘How to Make a Vegetable Garden.” Get the simplest planting table for vege- tables. Have fresh vegetables two or three months longer by providing a windbreak. Try two novelties, e. g., seakale, a delicious vegetable which is as permanent as rhubarb, and udo, the new winter salad plant. Plan the fruit garden. Buy Fletcher’s “How to Make a Fruit Garden.” Have only dwarf trees in cities or suburbs. Plan the flower garden. Secure perfect succession of bloom and harmony of color in your hardy border. See if you can have a water garden. Buy “Water Lilies and How to Grow Them.” Avoid as you would a pestilence all cheap seeds, free seeds from Uncle Sam, and old seeds from the corner grocery. Order all seeds, flowering trees, shade trees, shrubs, perennials, hedge plants, vines, and bulbs for spring planting. Order improved tools that will pay for themselves the first season. Order a complete spraying outfit and have the best directions. Write all labels and mark on them the distance apart the plants should stand when thinned or transplanted. Gain a month by sowing vegetables and flower seeds in hotbeds about March rsth. Clean and sharpen tools. Look over roots and bulbs in cellar. Take slips of geraniums and other bedding plants you have carried over winter. Have the children plan their gardens and get them to build bird-houses. Quit fool diaries and adopt Mr. Kayan’s vest-pocket system of garden records. Become an amateur plant breeder. Make every foot of your daily walk or drive delightful the year round without expense. Outdoors Before April First B® ORE farmers begin to plow, or when the peaches bloom, do these things: Plant while dormant all deciduous trees, shrubs, and permanent vines. Plant while dormant dwarf fruit trees, berry bushes. Plant while dormant all nut trees, e. g., chestnuts, hazelnuts, hickory nuts, and walnuts. Plant while dormant, or about March 25th, new hardy roses, including climbers. Sow sweet peas. Sow a few rows of extra early peas, beans and corn only if you are willing to cover young plants on frosty nights. Sow grass seed. Roll and repair the lawn. Buy “Lawns and How to Make Them.” Prune fruit trees and grapes — not berry bushes. Prune autumn-blooming shrubs, e. g., hydrangeas. Prune spring bloomers after flowering, except as follows: Prune hardy roses already planted by March rsth. Prune tender roses after April 15th. Train berry bushes and grapes. Spray all fruit trees and berry bushes with soluble, or miscible, oils before the buds open. Fertilize the lawn and vegetable garden. Fertilize asparagus and rhubarb. Use manure or nitrate. Mend old trees. Get grading done before the rush. Get draining done before the rush. Trim paths, borders, walks, drives. Get a trimmer that will save its cost in labor in one year. Get brush, poultry wire, and poles for peas, beans, and tomatoes. Buy or make hotbeds and coldframes. Clean up the home grounds. Outdoors on April Fifteenth S SOON as the land ts fit to plow and before all danger of frost 1s past do these things: Plow and harrow the vegetable garden or dig and rake it. Sow seeds outdoors of all hardy vegetables for the main crop. Sow outdoors all hardy annuals, flowers, and temporary vines. Plant early potatoes and onion sets. Plant evergreens as soon as the soil is warm, both narrow-leaved and _ broad- leaved. Plant gladioli and other half-hardy bulbs, but not tender kinds like cannas and dahlias. Plant hardy perennials, divide old plants, and rearrange the border. Don’t plant peonies or lilies in spring, unless it is unavoidable, rather make perfect beds for them. Manure heavily now and get better bulbs in the fall. Transplant hardy vegetables from frames to open ground. “Harden off”? tender vegetables. Be “loaded” for Jack Frost. When in doubt consult our Readers’ Service Department. VAKD MONEY OUT OF YOUR FAILURES! Invitation to Every Reader of the Magazine : necessarily successes, because failures may often teach a very valuable lesson. We are very anxtous to hear more of our readers’ actual experiences in gardening — not What we do want is the record of the individual’s experience, the little discoveries about peculiarities of different varieties and their adaptations to different purposes and situations. Also, records of actual profits made by or through the garden, which 1s a very important issue in most communities. Weare willing to pay for any acceptable, short personal experience along these lines; and more so, if they are accompanied by illustrative photographs. Short articles will be much preferred to long ones. Trenching for fertility and depth. These pictures show the whole process: (1) open a trench two spits deep, removing soil to end of plot ; (2) spread manure in the trench mixing with the bottom soil or top soil of new trench; (3) turn second spit of soil from new trench on to the first; (4) proceed to new width, etc. Planting Trees and Shrubs for Ornament—By David McIntosh, §% SEIZE THE PRESENT OPPORTUNITY OF SETTING OUT ALL KINDS OF DECIDUOUS AND EVERGREEN STOCK BEFORE TO LOOK FOR IN BUYING AND HOW TO PLANT FOR THE BEST EFFECTS WARM WEATHER ARRIVES — WHAT HOUGH the nurserymen dig the trees and shrubs carefully, and are equally solicitous in packing to avoid injuring the roots or branches, they are nevertheless cer- tain to suffer some check. Three or four days may elapse before the plants reach their des- tination, and moreover it is usually impossible or inconvenient to plant them at once, result- ing in another few days’ delay. When they arrive, undo the package and ‘set them in temporary trenches closely together, covering all the roots with soil, and if the soil and roots are very dry it will be of benefit to water them. This is ‘‘heeling in.” It may also be well to throw some light covering over the branches of such shrubs and trees as show any signs of wilting. Another method of keeping the trees and other kinds of plants from exposure until they are permanently planted is to partly remove the packing material and stand them on the floor of a coal shed or cellar. In planting first observe the length of the roots, and dig holes at least two inches larger all round than the extension of the roots. In newly trenched ground, the trees when planted should be at least an inch deeper than they were in the nursery, to allow for the later settling of the soil; if this is not done some of the roots may become exposed. Place the tree or shrub in the hole so that the trunk or clump is as near the centre as possible. Look for broken roots, cutting off the broken parts with a sharp knife or shears. Make a clean wound, as otherwise the injured root will decay. With the hands straighten the roots so that they are evenly spread over the bottom; then fill in with fine soil dropped over the roots. At intervals, as this is done, work the tree up and down slightly so that the soil will find its way in among the roots. After covering with two or three inches of soil in this way fill with the remainder, tramping it firmly; or a wooden pounder may be used if handled carefully. If the soil and the weather are dry, watering may have to be done; and when it is done give sufficient to be sure that the water reaches down to the roots. For this purpose the soil around the plant should be formed into a slight hollow so that, with one applica- tion, it will hold a sufficient quantity of water to be effective. Although in very dry seasons newly planted trees and shrubs may need watering occasionally, they will need it much less if the soil is frequently stirred with a hoe and rake — this stirring of the soil pulverizes it, in which condition it acts as a ‘‘mulch”’ or conservator of moisture. Tall trees when newly planted are apt to be shaken by high winds which will prevent their speedy establishment in the soil unless stayed by wooden stakes driven into the ground; and in order that the bark may not be injured by contact with these supports a piece of rubber hose, split, should be placed around the tree and then tied securely with twine to the stake. HOW TO SELECT PLANTS Climatic conditions must always be con- sidered in the selection of plants to be set out. Many trees and shrubs that will thrive inland will not grow in exposed situations near the seashore. A look around the vicinity of where the planting is to be done, to see what plants are thriving, isa wonderful help. Asa guide to the planter some of the most reliable ornamental for special purposes are indi- cated below. EVERGREEN TREES The white spruce (Picea alba) is perhaps the most generally reliable evergreen tree. It is well adapted for grouping, for planting in rows, and for single specimens. The Norway spruce (Picea excelsa), both on 146 account of its beauty and hardiness, is desir- able and can be used for the same purposes as the preceding. The difference in color effect is great, however. The white spruce is glaucous blue, the other a sombre, dark, almost black green. The finest of all the spruces is the Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens), and its very highly blue-colored varieties glauca and Kos- teriana. ‘These are beautiful in form and in color and should be planted singly to form specimens, which they do at a very early stage of growth. Nordmann’s fir (Abies Nordmanniana) makes a handsome specimen effective in grouping. The foliage is bright glossy green and flexible looking. On account of its rapid growth the Austrian pine (Pinus Austriaca), hardy in most sections, is one of the best evergreens for quick results. The white pine (Pinus Strobus) is particularly well adapted for planting on hillsides, and in large numbers for large or medium forest effects, as also is the Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris). The hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis) is most graceful of outline, hardy, and well suited for grouping in somewhat exposed places, making a tall pyramid. All the above (with the exception of Colo- rado blue spruce) can be bought at about a dollar when three feet high. The Colorado blue spruce is scarce as compared with the others; trees of that variety, three feet in height, cost from three to four dollars. They are worth every penny of it. DECIDUOUS TREES Nearly all the maples are such useful and accommodating trees that there are good rea- sons for planting numbers of them. The Norway maple (Acer platanotdes), as a single specimen on a lawn, is without an equal for beauty of form, luxuriance and rapidity of growth, and capacity for producing quick ornamental effects. It makes a round, dense ro es APRIL, 1909 head, turning bright yellow in the fall. The purple Norway maple (var. Schwedlert), sugar maple (A. saccharum), and the syca- more maple (A. pseudo-platanus), are all suitable for planting as specimens. Weir’s cut-leaf maple (Acer saccharinum, var. Wierit) is a beautiful, quick-growing tree with finely cut foliage and weeping habit of growth, well adapted for planting in front of other maples, but it is liable to damage from storms. There are a great many varieties of oaks and the general impression is that they grow slowly, whereas in fact they make quite rapid growth. They die slowly. They are all suitable for single, specimen planting on lawns, for grouping, and for shade trees. The pin oak (Quercus palustrus) prefers moist soil and is perhaps the most beautiful with small shiny leaves; the scarlet oak (Q. coccinea) does well on dry soil, turn- ing scarlet in fall; the white oak (Q. alba) is the most dignified, with a_ broad, spreading head becoming violet in the fall. The English oak (Q. Robur), with its large leaves, and the chestnut oak (Q. Prinus), which does well on medium dry soils, are worth planting in groups or singly. Because of its rapid growth and tall, erect habit, the Lombardy poplar is particularly valuable for screening buildings and high fences. Groups of these are valuable in pro- ducing stately effects adjacent to tall build- ings; they may also be planted for avenues when quick results are sought. The catalpas are handsome trees with large leaves; they produce showy white flowers in thyrses in June and July, and grow rapidly even in’ poor soils. The button- wood (Platanus occidentalis) 1s a quick grow- ing tree with large-lobed leaves and very hardy; it is especially well adapted for street planting and for the seashore. It is easily recognized by its scaling bark. The elms, lindens, horse chestnuts, beeches, ashes, and birches — thoroughly familiar trees to all of us —are suitable for either grouping or single-specimen planting. The fern-leafed beech makes a beautiful lawn specimen, always having a “‘trim”’ effect. The purple-leafed beech (Fagus sylvatica, var. purpurea) should be planted when a little color is desired. The sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) is a charming tree with glossy green foliage, becoming golden yellow in fall, and is best used as a specimen. Before planting cut back long or bruised roots, mak- ing aclean surface. This induces new roots to form Tie GARDEN MAGAZIN EF Willows, though by no means the hand- somest or most desirable of trees, are never- theless of great value for planting on the banks of ponds and water courses. They fit in better and give quicker results than any- thing else. If there is a particularly ugly building within view and a possibility of hiding it, just plant white willows (as tall as can be got) closely together and they will do the work in quick time. Willows can be moved easily at any age. DWARF ORNAMENTAL EVERGREENS For grouping at entrances, near dwelling- houses, and for massing in formal planting, dwarf evergreens are favorites, because they are always cheerful and in evidence. From among the Japanese cypresses or retinisporas alone plenty of material in variety of coloring, habit, and other peculiarities can be secured to make a very handsome group. The taller kind may be massed in the centre with Retinispora obtusa, var. nana aurea—the dwarf golden one — in front, as an edging. The central plants need not be putin with a view to regularity, but the group will seem larger if the standard varieties are placed to the back. The Irish juniper (Juniperus communis, var. Hibernica) and the golden arborvite (Thuya Geo. Peabody) are bright looking and useful either as single specimens or in groups. Both the American arborvitae (Thwya occidentalis) and the var. pyramidalis are well adapted for screen- ing purposes, and the former for hedges also. The junipers, prostrata and Sabina, are excellent for rough banks, rocks, and as ornamental ground covers. The common dwarf box (Buxus semper- virens, var. suffruticosa) is the best dwarf evergreen edging. Set plants fifteen inches or more in height. Marka line to be followed and make a trench, placing the plants in one by one with one hand, using the other to cover the roots with soil. Rhododendrons, especially the native hardy (R. maximum), are invaluable. Plant in groups or in irregular masses in a con- tinuous border in front of deciduous trees. They delight in- partial shade and moist soil. When planting leafmold, well rotted manure, or peat must be liberally mixed with the soil if they are to do well. The hybrid rhododendrons are not quite hardy, but they are so beautiful while in flower that their extra cost and the trouble in protecting them with a covering of branches or boards in winter are amply repaid. FLOWERING SHRUBS FOR IMMEDIATE EFFECT A very great deal can be done toward beautifying the surroundings of the home in one season by planting deciduous flower- ing shrubs. When immediate effect is desired, it is better to plant them in large masses of one kind in a group, or a continuous border may be made by planting large quantities in masses, similarly, but having them all united into one continuous whole. There is plenty of room for the exercise of individual fancy in the selection of flower- ing shrubs, and there are so many available that it is impossible to more than barely 147 Never plant in infertile soil, but remember to mix Manure with the soil away from the roots of trees. Put the feeding material below indicate what might be used. The spireas and deutzias are by far the best, and their profusion of white flowers generally appears before the leaves. The pearl bush (Exochorda grandiflora) is later and has large white flowers about the size of those of a pear blossom. Although the colors of some of the weigelas may hurt the eyes of some color- sensitive people, these shrubs will ever remain favorites because they will flower under the shade of trees more profusely than any other shrub. For large masses of white flowers in full summer we have the snowballs, of which the Japanese (J’. plicatum) is the more refined. The golden bell is among the earliest to open its blossoms, lightening the garden with flashes of yellow. The flower- ing dogwood, used in connection with shrub- bery, is as valuable as when planted as a single specimen tree. For later flowering, the sweet pepper bush, the winged euonymus (Luonymus alatus), the new mallow hybrids Hypericum Moseri- anum, Kerria (the branches of which remain bright green all winter), and the mock oranges (Philadelphus), can be relied upon for all situations. The purple-leaved, flowering plum (Prunus Pissardi) is valuable for the contrasting color of its foliage, but its accen- tuated color is not always welcome in the shrubbery border. Lilacs, of which there are a host of named varieties nowadays, are better planted individually than worked into the general border. ARRANGEMENTS FOR EFFECT Shall trees and shrubs be planted singly, in rows, or in groups? ‘Three or more trees or plants placed in a more or less close rela- tion cne to the other make a “‘group.”’ This method of planting is especially desirable when immediate effect is an iniportant con- sideration. If planted to stand apart as single specimens, young trees and more especially deciduous trees will not make much 148 of an appearance during the first year, but if they are con- centrated into a group the difference in the effect will be surprising. In course of time trees in groups will have grown to such an extent that some of the individuals can be dispensed with, and can in all likeli- hood be utilized to good advantage in further extending the ATen jolamiecd- Groups of trees or of shrubs, or both, can in many cases be appropriately formed close to dwellings and at irregular in- tervals along driveways, as well as near the boundaries. Always bear in mind that a piece of open lawn, to give a feeling of space, is a great factor in the problem of beautifying the grounds. When planting trees or shrubs in groups the effect produced will be much more pleasing if, instead of placing them in a regular or artificial manner, as one at each corner of a square or around a circle or within the limits of any other figure, they are disposed of in such a way that they will show some of the peculiarities seen in nature. This can best be accomplished by planting irregu- larly and having regard for graceful, sweep- ing curves in the outline of the mass rather than for symmetry of form. The distance between the trees of a group must, to a great extent, depend on the size and spread of the trees; but the effect will be more immediate if they are planted rather THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Far better to take out and cart away the poor soil, especially such as is thrown out from building operations. Dig over all soils before planting closer to each other than will be eventu- ally needed. Planting in rows is often a necessity along highways and streets bordering an estate; and rows or even double rows of trees may be required to effectually hide an ugly build- ing, high fence, or some other equally objec- tionable eyesore, but there can be no excuse or reason for planting in this way on a lawn. Single specimen trees, after attaining con- siderable size, are grand and imposing objects, and every garden should have at least one, planted so far apart from its neighbors that the individuality may be retained and its development proceed unhindered. A speci- men tree must be trained up from its youth. Specimens may appropriately be placed behind and in front of groups, and here and there in front of lines of trees bordering lawns and roads. When planting in groups a distance of at APRIL, 1909 least two feet be- tween the plants is a good working rule, but their actual dis- position must to quite an extent de- pend on the char- acter of each kind as to robustness and habit of growth. On small places shrubs are often planted singly in the grass, but they are not so effective as when planted in groups or borders. The majority of the flowering shrubs can be purchased in sizes from two to four feet for twenty- five cents up to one dollar. The Japan barberry (Berberis Thunbergit), is one of the handsomest little shrubs in cul- tivation, and perhaps the most generally useful. It will grow and thrive in almost any soil or situation. The leaves are oval, bright green in early summer, turning to the most brilliant shades of orange and red in the fall. I cannot too highly recommend it for planting in masses as well as for forming compact dwarf hedges that will need little or no clip- ping to keep trim. Japanese maples are beautiful little trees with finely cut foliage in many colors. They look well when planted singly, in rows, or in groups on small lawns. Good varieties are: atropurpureum (blood red); atropurpureum dissectum (also blood red, but of low droop- ing habit with delicately cut leaves); poly- morphum aureum (golden leafed), especially pretty in early summer. — Planting the Home Vegetable and Fruit Garden—By W. C. McCollom, * WHAT TO DO NOW TO INSURE CONSTANT SUPPLIES OF FRESH VEGETABLES AND FRUITS ALL SUMMER WITH PLENTY FOR WINTER STORAGE—HOW TO PLAN FOR GREATEST EFFICIENCY 1. BIG CROPS OF VEGETABLES FROM AMINO NI TOR SPACE AND LABOR “4 Pe only practical way to plant a veget- able garden is to first plan it, and know exactly what the successions are to be; for the perfect vegetable garden produces two crops a year in nearly every part. It is less labor to work thus than to cultivate and keep weeds from double the area. Of equal importance is the feeding. An enthusiastic amateur once consulted me as to how much manure he should use on his garden of about half an acre, and was astounded when I informed him that I used too loads in my garden of about one and a half acres. To make the plan, take a large sheet of paper and lay out the garden area to scale. . Divide it into four plots, calling them by numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4. This is a natural subdivision in the veget- able garden. One plot ( our No. 4) is devoted to the permanent crops; one (No. 3) to the warm or tender plants that are started in heat elsewhere while the other two plots are designed to supplement each other. No garden is even in soil, etc., and therefore the section that is highest, warmest, or best drained and consequently the earliest, is marked off as No. 1, to receive the earliest sowings of the hardy vegetables. The accompanying diagrams show how the average garden should be planted, giving the various vegetables in proper ratio. The quantities necessary for any given family will vary somewhat. Do not make the mistake of sowing all the seeds at one time, for the greatest benefit that one derives from one’s own garden is the constant supply of fresh, young vegetables all the season. This result can only he achieved by succession sowings. In the present plan I make no at- tempt to tell you how much of each vegetable you should grow — that is a problem for the individual. How to estimate the necessary length of rows for the required yield was given in THE GARDEN MAGAzinE for March, 1908. Begin the preparation of the first plot as soon as possible (say last of March) by spading under a very liberal quantity of da rt i ta i etn: lia aS asset : z ‘ emma ee a ns nee APRIL, 1909 Melon Patch Late Corn Early Corn All Summer May 1 Pumpkin and Squash In between Bush Limas May 1 May tr Cucumbers Egg Plant Pepper Tomatoes Sweet Potatoes Beets Carrots Beans, Green Beans, Wax Peas Peas Beans, Green Beans, Wax Peas Peas Beans, Wax Beans, Green Beets Carrots All Summer June r June 1 May 15 June 1 May 20 May 20 May 30 May 30 May 20 May 20 June 15 June 15 June 1 June 1 July x July x July 15 July 15 Turnips July 15 Beans, Wax Beans, Green Late Celery July 15 July 15 THE GARDEN Parsley Parsnip Salsify Celeriac Swiss Chard Leek Onion MAGAZINE Melons 149 Parsley Parsnip Salsify Celeriac Swiss Chard Leek Onion Early Potatoes Beets Carrots Turnips Peas (Spinach and Radish Between) Peas Peas April ro Peas April Peas April Peas April Beets April Carrots April Cabbage April Cabbage _ April Cauliflower April Cauliflower April Seedbed for Lettuce, Endive All Summer er oe es ee Seedbed for Cauliflower, Cabbage Kale, Sprouts Beets May Carrots May Turnips May Green Beans May Wax Beans May Peas May Peas May Green Beans May 14 Wax Beans May Peas May Peas May Early Celery May Early Celery May Early Celery May Potatoes May 1 A half-acre vegetable garden, in four plots, after the first planting Late Corn Early Corn Early Potatoes Brussels Sprouts Brussels Sprouts Brussels Sprouts Kale Kale Kale Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cauliflower July Bush Limas Cucumbers | Egg Plant Peppers Tomatoes Sweet Potatoes Cauliflower July Cauliflower July Late Cabbage and Cauliflower In case beets and carrots are not done plant between them. Seedbed for Lettuce and Endive Carrots for Winter August I All this place can be followed by Late Celery, Bush Beans and Peas, Spinach, Radishes Cress, Lettuce, Endive, etc. Late Celery Beets for Winter August I Rutabaga or Turnip August 1 Late Bush Bean and Peas Early Celery Late Potatoes Radiskes and spinach are sown between peas always. The corresponding plots in August showing succession crops 150 manure, and then raking over the surface and letting it lay for several days to dry out. THE FIRST PLANTING About April rst, being governed to a certain extent by the weather, start sowing on plot No. 1. All plants that will last the entire season are grouped together at one end of the plot. A good disposition for the greatest economy of space will be as follows: one row of parsley, two rows of parsnips, two rows salsify, one row celeriac, one row Swiss chard, one row leek, six rows onions, two rows onion sets, two rows early potatoes, one row early carrot, one row beets, two rows spinach, two rows peas, one row radish, one-half row lettuce, one-half row endive, one row cress, one row turnips. But better than sowing the lettuce, endive, and radishes in rows would be to make a seed bed about three feet across at the end away from that where the all-season vege- tables are to stand. Later on it can be used for a succession of peas and spinach, which should be sown about one week after the first crop. Spinach and radishes can be sown between the peas, as they will be out of the way before the peas are ready. ‘The lettuce and endive must be transplanted later on to rows, or they can be worked into small spaces here and there which otherwise would be wasted. About April 15th to 20th sow on plot No. 2 peas, beets, carrots, turnips, spinach, radish to follow up those on plot No. 1, and the first sowing of bush beans. One week later make the third sowing of peas, spinach, and radishes, and yet a fourth on May rst. At that time also prepare a seed bed at one end, sowing late cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and brussels sprouts. Early celery and late potatoes will fill the rest of the space in the plot. Plot No. 3. At one end make the melon patch, and next to it leave space for all sowings of corn for the season, putting in one or two rows at a time for succession. Pump- kins and squash can be grown between the rows of early corn. Sow bush limas, pole limas, and cucumbers*as you may require them to fill the plot; or if any space is left, sow more peas, spinach, beets, carrots, and bush beans, about May toth. This sowing may go into plot No. 4if there is no room left here. Plot No. 4 will accommodate all the warm plants from the frames: egg-plant, peppers, tomatoes, and sweet potatoes. These may not be planted until the weather is safe, usually about May 2oth. At the same time sow beans and peas. Any extra space in this plot can be used for beets, carrots, etc., and lettuce and endive planted in beds. THE SECOND CROPPING By the end of June you will be picking the crops from plot No. 1 and one half the space will be vacant. Fill with plants from the seed beds in plot No. 2, viz., brussels sprouts, kale, late cabbage, late cauliflower; also celery if there is room. The same crops on plot No. 2 will mature next (August), and we fill in with beets, carrots, rutabagas, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE turnips, endive, lettuce, and a sowing of peas. On plot No. 4 as the first plantings mature and are gathered, clear the ground and follow with late peas, beans, spinach, lettuce, and endive, also late celery, which may with advantage be also put wherever there may be a vacant space. : THE EXTRAS No provision is made, in the foregoing scheme, for artichokes (either French or Jerusalem). The French artichokes will not flower the first season from seeds. Early sowa plants can be put alongside the vege- tables that are to stand all season; or seed can be sown there in spring and the plants pro- tected over winter. I prefer sowing in August and wintering them in a coldframe. It is better not to plant Jerusalem artichokes in the garden proper, as they are a nuisance; once you plant them, it is almost impossible to get rid of them. Besides being a really delicious vegetable, they furnish grand flowers for fall cutting. Asparagus is not included in the rotation because the lay of the ground should govern the location of the asparagus bed. Plant in the lowest end of your garden, and not without first trenching the soil unless you can be satisfied with poor, thin, tough shoots. SOWING SEEDS Sow in drills: beet, kale, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celeriac, lettuce, onion, parsley, parsnip, radish, salsify, spinach, turnip, and rutabaga. ‘The size of the seed should govern the depth of the drill, and a general working rule is to cover the seed once to twice its diameter, excepting peas, beans, and corn, which are planted deeper, say two to three inches. Deeper planting is better for all kinds in light, sandy soils. After sowing and covering go over the row and tap the surface gently with the back of a rake. Celery, tomatoes, egg-plant, peppers, early cauliflower, and cabbage should be sown in the frames in drills in the same manner. Corn may be sown in drills or hills. Sow in hills: lima beans, corn, melons, squash, and pumpkin. Place the seed on the hill and poke it under the surface with your forefinger; cover and firm. AMATEUR’S GUIDE TO PRACTICE Asparagus. Plantin rows, three feet apart and one and one-half feet in the row. Two- year-old roots are better than the three-year- old. Dig wide trenches and spread out the roots carefully, covering about four inches deep. Keep the ground between well cultivated. Stop cutting when peas get plentiful; several times during the season apply salt at the rate of one pound to ten square feet, and just before or during a rain. Palmetto is the earliest variety; Argenteuil is the best. Bean, string or bush. open garden from June 15th to late in November, with a little protection. Start sowing May ist and every two weeks there- after until August 15th. Make a trench Can be had in the APRIL, 1909 about one inch deep, and the width of an ordinary hoe. Sow along each side of the trench, and when the plants are well up, thin out to six inches apart in the row. — Any good garden loam will do, but do not plant them in low, wet ground. Gather pods when about half grown for best quality. Best variety Black Valentine, a wonderful cropper, with round, slender beans; it does not de- velop any string until too old for the table. The wax type of the string bean requires the same handling as the green-podded types. The best variety for all around use is Curie’s Rust Proof. Beans, lima. Plant four feet apart each way. Make holes with a crowbar about two and a half feet deep and place poles. Make holes around the poles about three feet across and two feet deep, put in some ma- nure, using a barrow full to every four holes. Place sand on top where seeds are to be sown, and plant when ground is dry, any time after May 1st. If the seeds are in the ground forty-eight hours before a rain, they will be all right; but if it rains on them before germination has started, you may have to sow them again. Put eight seeds to the hill and thin out later to three. The best variety is Ford’s Mam- moth. Early Jersey is a week or ten days earlier. ‘The bush limas are very productive and a little earlier than the pole limas ; sow in rows about two feet apart. Beets. Sow as soon as the ground can be worked, and every two weeks until August 1st. At that time sow six or eight rows for winter use. Never use old seed. Sow in rows about one foot apart, and thin out to two inches when large enough. Use when one inch in diameter; if allowed to get large they become hard and woody. Best variety, Eclipse, but Edmond’s Blood Turnip and Electric are also good sorts. Beets ‘sown April ist should be ready for use about June 2oth. : Swiss chard beet is grown for its tops, eaten like spinach — and is better than any spinach you can get during the warm weather. Wonderful producer; one row will give a family about three pickings a week all summer. Plant in rows and thin to about six inches. Remove tops with a knife, but don’t cut too low; the plant will grow up again from the crown. Broccoli. Not as good quality as cauli- flower. Cultivate the same as recommended for late cauliflower. The best variety is — Walcheren. Brussels sprouts. Sow ina seed bed about May ist, and transplant later to rows about two feet apart. Give fairly rich soil, as quick growth is essential to develop the best quality. Don’t transplant during dry weather, and never let the plants suffer for water. Remove the side leaves when the sprouts show. Flavor is improved by a light frosting. Best variety, Long Island Improved. Cc toon. Rarely grown but quite easy. Sow uw drills during April and thin to two feet. Tie up to bleach; after which, the heart of the plant is ready for use in salads, soups, etc. Best variety, Large Solid. e THE 151 MAGAZINE N x 4 4 GARDE 1909 APRIL yIOK MON Iweu UepIVs s,rneqeury uv SI SIUL ‘“esuedxo ssejepeys FurtAurun uv eq Ajlesseoeu Jou pest uepsed AqyIn w ALOAVAAG AO DNIHL V OSTV SI LVHL NAGUVD ATAVLADAA V 152 Cabbage. The common error with this vegetable is that the seed for the early crop is sown so late that the hot weather comes just as it is heading and causes splitting. To prevent, sow in a hotbed in March, and plant out in April; for the late crop for winter use, sow in May in the seed bed and transfer later to permanent rows. Make a big plant- ing in fall and you will have enough cabbage to eat all winter. Don’t try to poison the cabbage worm, as it is dangerous; pick off every day. Best early varieties, Jersey Wakefield and Early Spring; best late, Pre- mium Flat Dutch. Red cabbage is valuable for pickling and must be sown with the late cabbage in May. Best variety, Mammoth Rock Red. Savoy cabbage is excellent as a late cabbage, but it will not head well in the warm weather of June. Best varieties, Drumhead and Perfection. In transplanting from the seed beds to the rows, select a wet day, if possible, and never let the plants suffer for want of water. Destroy any young plants with club roots. Carrot. An all-year-round vegetable if properly cared for. Handle the same as beet. When you sow a row of beets, sow a row of carrots, and about August 1st put in six or eight rows for winter use. These should last until spring, if winteredinatrench. Best varieties, (cuerande, Danver’s Half Long, and, Early Scarlet Horn. Cauliflower. No vegetable requires richer soil nor better nourishment; it will surely be a failure in poor, barren soil. Treat like cabbage, sowing the early crop in the hotbed during March and the late crop in the seed-bed during May. Protect heads from the sun to avoid browning, breaking the leaves over. A dose of nitrate of soda is very beneficial just as the plants begin to head, using a teaspoonful to a can of water. Best varieties, Extra Early Erfurt and Early Snowball. Celery. Must have an abundance of manure, and never suffer for want of water. Hill up in the fall. Sow seed for early celery in hotbeds in March, and later transfer to the rows; should be ready for use by September rst, and sometimes much earlier. Sow late celery in May, and handle like cabbage. First transplant in beds, before the plants are finally moved into the rows. To make a celery trench, place a line and dig a trench on one side about six inches deep and the Before all else see that the vegetable garden is well manured; even fifty loads to the acre may be used THE GARDEN MAGAZINE width of a spade. Fill this with well-rotted manure and spade it under. Tramp the soil a trifle to firm it. Use plenty of water in planting. Best early, White Plume and Golden Self-Blanching; best late, Chicago (dwarf), Fin de Siecle, and Schumacher. Celeriac (or turnip-rooted celery). Valu- able for soups and salads. The roots are of a fine celery flavor, and if grown quickly are very sweet and tender. Sow in April in rows, and thin to six inches; about Septem- ber ist they will be ready for use. Best variety, Large Erfurt. Chervil. Used as a salad and for gar- nishing. Sow every two or three weeks a little at a time in a semi-shady place, and pick when young. ‘The curled variety is the best. Cress, curled. The first thing from the gar- den inspring. Sow alittle every week until June and then stop until September. Water- cress can be grown by anyone having a shaded place. It does not need a running brook — just a little water twice a day will suffice. Prepare a bed by making the soil rich; then cover it with about an inch of sand. Sow the seeds on this and water three or four times a day until the seed starts, and then water morning and night. Corn. Start sowing May rst and sow every ten days or two weeks until July 15th. With a favorable fall you may have corn almost until Thanksgiving. Sow in rows about three feet apart for the early sorts, and four for the larger, late varieties. Thin to eight or nine inches in the row. When the plants are about one foot high, hill up around them. Best early, Golden Bantam, which has a flavor that is distinctly its own. Metro- politan and Early Minnesota are second choice; best late is Evergreen, but some prefer Country Gentleman. Cucumbers. Plant in hills about six feet apart on May rst, and plant one hill at a time, about a week apart. For pickling, sow a number of hills at one time. Very subject to mildew and blight. To prevent the former, select a dry place for them. For blight spray every two weeks with Bordeaux mixture. Best table varieties, Davis Perfect, Improved White Spine, and Cumberland; best pickling variety, Green Prolific. Dandelion. Excellent for salads. Sow in spring and thin the plants out in the rows to about one foot apart. The following spring they will be ready for use. Tie the heads up to bleach them or lay boards on top of them. Egg plant. Sow in the frames in March, and transplant to the garden any time after June rst. Requires very little care. A few plants will be sufficient for the needs of a fair-sized family. Best variety, New York Improved. Endive. Of very easy culture; handle the same as lettuce, except that when the head is well grown it is bleached by covering with flower pots or by laying boards right on the heads. The best variety is the French escarole, catalogued as Broad-leaved Batavian. Herbs. Keep in.a border by themselves. Sow seed of all herbs at one time (April 15th), and in September cut and tie them in bunches and hang in some warm place to dry. APRIL, 1909 Kale. Without an equal as a winter green the kale is, and of easy cultivation. Handle it the same as Brussels sprouts. Protect in the fall with salt hay, but let it freeze a little first, as that makes it tender and gives it a better flavor. Best sorts, Dwarf Green Curled and Dwarf Brown. Kohlrabi. Requires the same treatment as turnip. ‘The best white is White Vienna, and the best purple is Purple Vienna. Leeks. Sow in the open ground in drills. April ist, and thin to two inches apart Any deep garden soil. Hill up to bleach as much as possible of the stem. Best variety is American Flag. Pos Lettuce. Sow seed for the first crop in frames March rst, and start sowing outside April 1st. Sow every ten days or two weeks until September ist. Do not sow a lot at one time; and keep planting out as the seedlings get large enough. During summer plant in shady places and keep well watered. If you have no shady place, make one by using a little cheese-cloth. This prevents going to seed. Best early sorts are May King and Big Boston. Maximum takes a little longer to head, but itis a good variety. The best lettuce to stand the summer heat is Improved Sala- mander, but Deacon and Hanson are good. Melons are very exacting and must be humored. They must have rich soil. Dig holes eight feet apart each way, about three feet deep and about the same width. Fill up with fresh sod and manure — using about one-fourth manure to sod. Do this about April 1st, and set the melon frames over the hills. Let them stay shut up for several weeks to thoroughly warm the ground. About April 2oth to May ist sow the seed. Place ten or twelve seeds in a hill and thin out to three plants later. Ventilate the frames during the day, giving a little air, but close them up at night. When the plants fill the boxes, gradually harden off by leaving the frames open a little at night. When the plants start to run, spread them evenly so as to properly cover the ground. Spray every two weeks with Bordeaux mixture. Never forcibly pick a muskmelon; it will leave the vine with a slight touch when ripe. One of the best melons is Emerald Gem, a high- flavored, scarlet-fleshed sort. Other good varieties are Delmonico, Netted Gem. and Rocky Ford. Okra. Sow in drills May tst, and thin to about one foot apart in the row. Use the seed pods, when about one inch long, for soups. Best variety, White Velvet. Onion. Sow in rows one foot apart April rst, and thin out later to about four inches. I usually thin every day, using the thinnings for table. For early use plant sets. Make the soil very rich and pulverize it thoroughly. Best yellow, Danver’s Yellow Globe; best red, Red Wethersfield; best white, Southport White Globe. The best small onion for pickling is Adriatic Barletta. Alisa Craig and Prizetaker are big varieties, but they are not as good keepers as the others. Garlic requires the same treatment. Parsley. Plant a row in April and leave it alone. Don’t even thin it out. Best variety, Moss Curled. ~ nt palit, a Rt aay eh pee sere a ee — —EEE a ee eee APRIL, 1909 Parsnip. Sow April 1st in rows one and one-half feet apart, and when large enough thin the plants to six inches apart,in the row. Make the soil deep and rich. Parsnips should haye one big, long, smooth root,.and not three or four prongs. Best variety, American Hollow Crown. Pepper. Treat same as egg-plant. For’ salads, grow Sweet Salad or Sweet Spanish; for stuffing, Chinese Giant or Cardinal; and for pickling, Cherry Red or Long Red Cayenne. Peas. Sow April 1st, and every two weeks thereafter until June 1st. Start sowing again August 1st for fall use, continuing until September 1st. The best variety in peas, in my opinion, is Gradus (second early); my next choice would be McLean’s Little Gem and Nott’s Excelsior, early sorts; later varieties are Advancer, Champion of Eng- land, Juno, and Telephone. Pumpkins. Sow seed in hills about eight feet apart May ist; or, to economize with space, sow between early corn. Best variety, Large Cheese. Potato. Plant a few rows April st, and the main crop May 1st. Plant fifteen inches apart in rows three feet apart. Do not use manure except on very dry ground, as it causes scab. Use fertilizers instead. Keep the ground well cultivated, and when the plants flower hill up well. Try a few kidney potatoes. They are very early, of good flavor, and are superior to any other for salads. Bovee and Norton Beauty are early white potatoes and wonderful croppers. Carmen No. 3, Green Mountain, and Uncle Sam, best late or main crop potatoes. Potato, sweet. Dig a trench one foot wide and six inches deep, fill with manure, mixing some soil with it, and mound it up. Set the young plants in this. Buy the plants; THE GARDEN MAGAZINE they are very cheap. Keep the vines from rooting as they run, by pulling them up every week or ten days. If vines are allowed to root the crop, will be big, but the potatoes very small. Best variety, Large Yellow. Rhubarb. Itis cheaper to buy plants than it is to raise them. Plant about three feet apart, and to get a few early stalks in spring cover one of the plants with a barrel. Best varieties, Victoria and Linneus. Radish. Sow the seeds rather thin in rows; but a better plan is to make a bed for them two feet wide, using a small portion of it each time. Sow broadcast a few seed at a time and often. Do not thin. Grow an assortment of varieties. Sow winter radishes in spring and thin out in the rows to four inches apart. They are ready for use after the tops have frozen. Rutabaga. The best winter vegetable. Sow all seed at one time July 15th; gather after frost and store in trenches for winter use. Salsify or oyster plant. Uandle like parsnips, except to thin out about four inches apart. Best variety, Mammoth Sand- wich Island. The black oyster plant, or scorzonera, is very similar; grown in the same way. Spinach. Make the first sowing in rows April 1st, and every week after until June Ist. Start sowing again August 15th, and continue until September rst. If the last sowing does not get large enough to use, cover it in fall with salt hay. Best varieties Viroflay, Victoria, and Long Standing.. For summer use sow a little of the New Zealand spinach May rst. When large enough cut it and keep cutting, because it is a fast grower; if it gets too large, cut some for the chickens. Squash. Treat the same as pumpkin. Best of the bush type, White and Yellow Scalloped, and White Vegetable Marrow. 153 The secret of successful early cabbage is to sow in heat ready to plant out before hot weather comes Best runners, Delicate, Vegetable Marrow, and Hubbard. Tomato. Sow in frames March ist and plant out May 15th. They require very little attention after planting, but the fruits are improved by being grown on a trellis. For early fruit remove some of the laterals from a few plants. Best varieties, Freedom, Acme, Earliana, Liberty, and Ponderosa. Try some small varieties; they are very differ- ent in form and flavor, and are valuable for garnishing salads. Turnip. A good spring and fall vegetable, but very strong in flavor in summer. Sow in rows on April rst and every two weeks after until September rst. Thin plants out to six inches apart. Best varieties, Red Top, Strap Leaf, Purple Top Milan, and Yellow Stone. Watermelon. Handle like muskmelon, but may be grown without frames. Best varieties, Cole Early, Ice Cream, and The Boss. ‘To tell when a watermelon is ripe, place the hands firmly on the top and press down gently; if the melon gives a sharp crack it is ready to be picked. LD MAGING THE FRUIT GARDEN TO FIT YOUR REAL NEEDS ape spring planting season for fruits lasts until the end of April. An old timer like myself ofttimes takes a chance by planting much later, but I do not advise an amateur to try. Observe these three ‘‘don’ts”’ before and during the time of planting your fruit garden: Don’t put your planting off until the last moment; plant during March and April, and your trees will have a much better chance of starting than if you delayed until May. Don’t plant a con- glomeration of all kinds of fruits just for variety’s sake; better to make up your mind now as to what you really need. Don’t fill your garden with small fruits merely because they come into bearing sooner than apples or pears. Did it ever strike you seriously what returns a half acre of fruit trees would give you, if properly handled? A small orchard of this kind would give a good-sized family all the fruit it could use. On a half acre of land you could have a good assortment of fruits. For instance: ten apples, seven pears, eight peaches, eight apricots, eight plums, six cherries, six quinces, thirty-five currants, thirty-five gooseberries, thirty-five rasp- berries, thirty-five blackberries, and thirty- five grapes. Just think of the returns — fresh fruit the year around—from the cherries in June until the last of the winter apples are gone the following May—besides currant jelly, raspberry jelly, or grape jam for winter! PREPARATION OF THE GROUND Most aspiring amateurs, I fancy, skip this kind of paragraph to go on to something more interesting, just as one does the descriptive paragraphs in a story book; but although you have been told over and over again until it is probably getting monotonous, it is nevertheless true that you must prepare the ground, and the better you do it the better will be the results. Oh, the failures that have been brought about by sticking — not planting — trees in poor, barren, unprepared soil. You will never regret money spent on the prepara- tion before planting. For small fruits or dwarf trees which are to be planted close together, I strongly advise “trenching” the soil—that is, digging it over by hand. Turn up the soil thoroughly and deeply, adding plenty of manure. For orchard trees such a course would be expen- sive, soI advise plowing deep, turning in a liberal dressing of manure and using a sub- soil plow to break up the bottom. If you can possibly afford it, dig holes where the trees are to stand about three feet deep, and put about a half barrow full of manure in each hole, mixing it thoroughly with the soil before planting. And remember, always throw your top soil to the bottom. The whole problem in planting is to try to put the tree back into the ground as nearly as possible to the way it was before it was disturbed. Perfection is quite impossible. No matter how carefully the tree is handled the roots are torn and bruised. The best we can do is to spread out the rootlets care- fully, sprinkling the soil in between them, never letting them lie in a bunch, and firm- ing the soil evenly all round. Never let any fresh manure come in actual contact with the roots; but a‘handful of any good fertilizer thrown into each hole and mixed with the soil will insure quick root action. 154 Never plant a tree with any broken or bruised roots, but cut them off a trifle above the bruise, using a sharp knife, and making a clean cut. Rootlets will soon grow out from this cut, whereas if left twisted and bruised, the entire root may die. Plant about one inch deeper than the tree was in the nursery. There is some difference of opinion as to the amount of pounding that should be done on the soil after planting — some planters use tamping rods and pack the ground very hard; others leave the ground soft and sloppy and prefer staking the tree to pound- ing the soil. I pack the soil around the roots rather firmly, but no more than is necessary to insure the tree’s not blowing over in a heavy wind. I don’t use tamping rods, as they pack the soil hard and even, and the moisture is soon lost by evaporation. I pack with my feet, first using a small stick to work the soil around the small rootlets. I then leave the top-two or three inches of soil soft and untrampled as a mulch to help check evaporation. Prune after planting to offset the shock of removal. Entirely remove all thin, weak wood and shorten back the tops of the stronger branches about one-fourth of their length; the exact degree depends to a certain extent on the condition of the tree. If weil rooted less pruning is necessary than 1f poorly rooted. Rather prune too much than not at all; if the tree is poorly rooted and underpruned it will probably die; if well rooted, it will quickly make up for the lost wood. After planting, cultivate deeply, using by preference a spring harrow or a good, deep tooth cultivator. Deep cultivation, while better preserving the moisture, also tends to drive the roots deeper into the soil, and they are thereby enabled to better withstand hot, dry summers and cold, heavy winters. Exposure to wind and sun is exceedingly Make the hole wide enough to take the roots easily. Use a board as a guide to depth THE GARDEN MAGAZINE harmful to the newly arrived stock, as the young rootlets quickly dry out and perish. Dig a trench about two feet wide and the same depth, and place the roots in this trench. Cover them up and tread the ground around. You can then take out such trees as you need without exposing the roots of the others. WHAT KIND OF STOCK? You will ask ‘Shall I get the largest I can?” In some cases “Yes”; in others “No.” Good-sized trees are all right if they have been properly grown by the nurseryman having transplanted them occa- sionally. In doing that he cuts all the long roots and you get a-tree with a growth of fibrous roots in plenty and that is what counts. Remember the long roots woody with no fine rootlets are absolutely of no value. They are only anchors. Go to the nursery yourself if possible and see what kind of roots the trees have. If Work the soil into the fine roots with the hand after spreading them out evenly you cannot do that be sure that you are dealing with a man of repute. Ask him about the sizes and roots of his stock; he will not advise you wrongly. Don’t select your varieties sitting at the fireside with your wife and “I. Growem- quick’s” catalogue in your hand, anon run- ning your eye down the page and stopping at a variety with a nice sounding name, and which the book says is a good variety. Did you ever see a nursery catalogue that did not describe a variety as good. No, sir! To the nurseryman all are good because he is not growing fruit; he grows trees. The best way to select varieties that will surely be suitable to your locality is to find out from your neighbors which pears and apples gave the best results in the last few years. A fruit that does well in Connecticut does not of necessity do well in New Jersey. A few varieties adapt themselves to almost any locality, and are, therefore, the most commonly known. Don’t think for a moment that location does not count. It does! It is, indeed, one of _ the most important factors. _ best keepers. APRIL, 1909 With a small stick make the soil fairly firm To illustrate: Some twenty years ago a pear by the name of Marshall was introduced. Ask any of your friends whether they know that pear, and and they will probably shake their heads, but I can show you one of the finest trees I have ever seen of any variety, laden every year with beautiful, fine-flavored fruits, and the tree is as free from the San Jose scale as the Keiffer. There is no better pear for the south shore of Long Jsland, but it is a failure elsewhere and is not even listed among the “selected” varieties. PLANTING FOR EFFICIENCY Plan your orchard as you would a garden. Have a little system in it. Put the small fruits in a border surrounding the trees, or plant them all to one side of the larger trees. Keep everything in straight rows and only one kindinarow. Apples are the best fruits for the amateur gardener, as they are robust growers, do not require any coddling, and will thrive on a fairly good soil with only occasional pruning and spraying. Select old, tried-out varieties, but if a novelty is wanted, experiment with one tree and if that is successful, plant more later. This will take time, but it is better to lose time than to have nothing but failures. In the following recommendations I name the varieties of widest distribution — those which will adapt themselves to the greatest range of conditions. There may be some better ones for your own region. The best summer apples, or early varieties, are Sweet Bough, a sweet variety; Yellow Transparent, another sweet early variety; Early Harvest and Red Astrachan, the best cookers of the early apples. The best fall fruits are Oldenburg, Maiden Blush, and Gravenstein, a variety well known for its beautiful odor. The best sorts among the late apples are Northern Spy, the best eating apple to date: Spitzenburg, another good eater; Baldwin and Ben Davis, perhaps the Other good varieties are Fallawater, Bismarck, Hubbardston, Rhode Island, Newton Pippin, Seek No Further, APRIL, 1909 Finish by treading around the hole to make all secure Twenty Ounce, and Stark. The best russets are Golden Russet and Roxbury. Among the crabs the best are the red and yellow Siberian, but Hyslop and General Grant are good. The apple trees should be sprayed as the buds open in the spring, using the Bordeaux mixture combined with Paris green, and several times during the summer with plain Bordeaux. All that is necessary in pruning is to cut out the thin, weak wood and prevent the fruiting wood from crowding. If any branches require cutting, take off the shoot at the base, never heading in. The pear probably ranks next to the apple in popularity, and is very easily handled. Pears can be pruned more liberally than apples, as it is easier for the beginner to detect the fruit buds. They should also be sprayed with Bordeaux, as they are subject to a blight disease which if it once gets in the trees will be very hard to eradicate. The favorite and best-known pear is the Bartlett. This is known all over for its good quality and sturdy, vigorous habit, but Clapp Favorite and Rosney are also good early sorts. Sheldon is a good all-round pear, but my two favorites are Howell and Werden Seckel. Keiffer is also valuable because of its free-bearing properties and heavy, robust growth. The best winter pear is Lawrence. The peach is claimed to be the most eccen- tric of all fruits. The trees are quick growers and short lived. If you are to get anything worth while out of them, they must be given high living, plenty of food, and abundant cultivation, with a mulch in the fall. Plant peaches in the best-protected part of the garden, as they ofttimes flower before the last cold blasts of winter and get frozen. Peaches need more pruning than most fruit trees, for, being very quick growers, they will soon outgrow themselves if left entirely alone. I favor heading them back, cutting out all thin, weak shoots and shortening in the strong branches. Spray with Bordeaux, and, if any tree shows the yellows, cut it down and burn at once. Favorite early varieties are Alexandra, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Champion, Crawford Early, and Mountain Rose; the best late sorts being Crawford Late, Elberta, Foster, Fox Seedling, Globe, Oldnixon, Stevenson Rareripe, Stump the World, and Wonderful. The plum has become very popular since the introduction of the Japanese varieties, which seem to adapt themselves readily to our conditions and in some localities they have entirely superseded all. others. The plum is a quick grower, requiring very little care — just an occasional pruning and good cultivation with plenty of fertilizing. The best Japanese varieties are Abundance, Climax, Satsuma, Ogon, Burbank, and Red June. The best American varieties are Bradshaw, Greengage, Imperial gage, Lom- bard, and Yellow Gage. After planting cut out weak thin shoots, and shorten the stronger ones about one-fourth Most amateurs neglect the cherry. But why? The tree is of easy cultivation and certainly gives great returns to the grower. If the birds eat the fruit (which is true in a certain measure) and are bothersome, low- headed trees can be covered with an old fish net. The cherry will grow well almost anywhere. It is not particular as to soils and is not subject to diseases. It requires very little care after planting. The best sweet varieties are Black Eagle, Black Tartarian, Downer, Late Red, Governor Wood, Napoleon Bigarreau, Schmidt’s Bigar- reau, and Yellow Spanish. The best sour cherries are English Morello, Early Rich- mond, Mary Duke, and Montmorency. The quince is planted very little because the fruit is not edible in a raw state. The tree is an easy grower, but do not accept the common. theory that it thrives on neglect. It needs an occasional pruning, and because of the shallow roots, should be mulched in the fall. All the trouble with the quince arises from winter killing of the roots and a proportionate loss of the top. In spring cut 155 out all dead wood and shorten the heavy branches. The best sorts are Apple, Bour- geat, and Champion. Similarly, most folks claim they have a great deal of trouble with blackberries winter killing. This also is caused by the frost killing the roots and not the top. Prune the blackberry after the fruiting period, cutting out all old shoots and tieing the young canes up in place, as it is the new- comers that will bear the next crop. The best variety is Rathburn, but Eric, Wilson, Jr., and Kittatinny are all good. Raspberries are very similar to blackberries and require the same treatment. Cuthbert is the best red raspberry, but Brandywine and Mellin Red are also good. Golden Queen is the best yellow variety, and Cum- berland is the best blackcap. All that the grape really requires is a good, deep, well-enriched soil and lots of pruning. Keep your grapes confined to the spur system. Grow them on wires or sticks, and don’t be afraid of giving them enough to eat. The best varieties are Agawam, Campbell Early, Moore Early, Concord, Delaware, Catawba. White Niagara is the best white grape. TABLE OF DISTANCES TO PLANT FRUIT TREES Apple, standard 24 ft. Quinces - to ft. Apple, dwarf 10 ft. Grapes 8 ft. Pears, standard 20 ft. Apricots ro ft. Pears, dwarf to ft. Nectarines ro ft. Peaches 15 ft. Currants B iki. Plums _ 15 ft. Gooseberries B iit. Cherries, natural 20 ft. Raspberries B sate Cherries, low-headed 15 ft. Blackberries Bits The most practical fruit garden for the amateur is the one that will give hima little fruit continuously rather than a great crop at one time, and nothing all the rest. A selection of varieties designed with this object in view will be found on page 178. The tree as finished. Note the width of the hole, and its depth to catch water; also how the pruning was done, and the wood cut off A dahlia fancier’s garden, the plants being arranged in beds Planting for the Most Gorgeous Flowers of Fall—By M. Fuld, Dahlias in a crowded tenement district of a large city, in October Massa WHAT CAN BE DONE WITH DAHBLIAS IN A CITY BACK YARD AND EVEN ON SOIL THAT IS NOT RICH OR EXPOSED TO SUNSHINE — THE WHOLE ROUTINE OF HANDLING ROOTS AND PLANTS FOR SPECIMEN BLOOMS [Eprror’s Note: The author is the Secretary of the New England Dahlia Society.) AA] O FLOWER is the peer of the dahlia for variety of color, brightness, large size of both plant and bloom, and profusion of flowers at a time when the garden is mostly bare of bright color. The only thing that has so far been lacking in the dahlia is fra- grance, but the announcement was made last year, even, that a variety was offered for which fragrance was claimed; a pure white single, the odor faintly resembling that of a honeysuckle. August, September, and October are the months of the dahlia, but the foundations must be laid in the early spring by preparation of the soil during April, ready for the actual planting of the roots in May, or even later. The dahlia needs special provision for its adequate development, although not arduous care. The ideal spot for the dahlia garden can easily be found. You are not restricted to conditions of soil, direction of sunlight or conditions of weather. A wonder- ful showing can be made in an ordinary back yard. The proprietor of the city garden illustrated above was the recipient of an award from the local Improvement Society of his city, yet nothing but dahlias were used in the decoration of the place. The first important step is to select a spot for growing them. The poorer the soil, and the lighter, the better the plants will grow, thriving as well in a sunny position as in a shady one, with the one difference that in the bright sunny spot the plants will be dwarfer, also flower earlier and more profusely. Carefully cultivate and turn the soil of the border as soon as possible after reading these words (as a matter of fact the work should have been done in the fall, but if done in spring remember that no manure of any kind is to be added to the soil). Rich or manured soil has a tendency to produce most luxuriant foliage but hardly any flowers at all; there- fore, if the soil is rather rich, I advise dress- ing with a heavy layer of fine coal ashes thoroughly spaded into the surface soil. The dahlia is not hardy, but makes a tuberous root that can be lifted and stored indoors over winter. Most amateurs confine their operations to caring for the old roots, buying new ones of newer varieties each year, and thus constantly enlarging the collection. At this time of the year old roots that were taken up last fall must be attended to. About the first of March the real enthusiast carefully gives water to the packing soil to induce the “‘eyes” to start. By April 15th the separating of the roots can take place, the pieces being treated after that exactly the same as newly received bulbs. If you have to purchase your bulbs it is very important that they be treated properly upon arrival. Unpack the shipment and if pos- sible plant each tuber in a pot and plunge in a coldframe, and water them so the sprouts will develop and grow on. If a coldframe is not handy, a cool place in the cellar or anywhere in the house will do, but light is essential. Many bulbs received early in the season and not looked after will be worthless by the time of planting. If the growth of these new bulbs is making rapid progress do not pinch back, but simply retard it by placing the plants in a cooler spot. When planting place the tubers in the ground by laying them horizontally about three inches below the surface and carefully covering. A stake should be placed near by and the label carrying the name of the variety attached to it. There is nothing to do now except keep out weeds until the plants make their appearance. From the moment the dahlia shoots show above ground they should be well watered at least twice a week. Also the ground near them should be stirred at least once a day. The stirring up of the soil is worth more to dahlias than tons of fertilizer or manure. 156 This article, which deals with the planting and growing of this old favorite carden flower, 2s to be followed by one dealing with varieties. The feeding roots of a dahlia are very near the surface, and the admission of air is one of the greatest benefits to the plants. If more than one shoot appear above the ground from one root the weaker shoot should be cut down below the surface. As soon as the plant attains the height of one foot its tender stalk should be carefully and loosely tied to the stake. When the plant attains the height of two feet, it is time to begin feeding. This should be in the form of rotted stable manure, placed in a circle around the plant to the depth of fully four inches. It serves a double purpose, keeping the surface cool and moist, besides feeding the newly formed roots. SHAPING THE PLANT From now on the plant makes rapid prog- ress and begins to branch. If a dwarf, bushy growth is desired it is now time to prune. This is done very simply by pinch- ing the crown of the plant back to at least two inches. ‘The result will be that branches will break from every joint or leaf, and soon you will have a very bushy and dwarf growth. This plan is not recommended as a common practice; rather allow the plant to grow its natural way, only cutting out or thin- ning the branches when they appear in such quantity as to completely cover every available space. Plan to have sunlight strike through the plant at all times. Whenever you prune, prune back to the very joint, leaving no stub. If you intend to grow flowers for exhibition use, this is very important. When the plant has again attained a height of eighteen inches pinch back the crown as before directed, and when new branches appear watch them carefully and do not allow any subsequent branches to grow larger than to enable you to cut them out with the ordinary budding knife. The branch appearing from the main stem should pro- duce nothing more than one set of leaves at i eer tence a a a ee APRIL, 1909 each joint, and at the very end one or two flowers at the most. The feeding of the plants should be begun immediately when the crown is pinched, and just as soon as the buds form the manure which has been placed on the ground pre- viously should be removed and an application of nitrate of soda, one ounce to five gallons of water, applied to the plant outside a circle at least a foot away from the stem of the plant. This application may be repeated every three days. ‘The first specimen flower appearing on a plant thus treated will be the largest that it can ever produce. During the progress of the plants there are few insects which attack them, and, no matter what they are, a weak solution of Paris green in cold water, applied with a fine syringe or whisk-broom to the foliage and buds of the plants after sun-down will prove an efficient remedy and preventive. It is highly important that the plants are never watered during the sunny hours. Whenever the conditions are such that wind is a great factor to contend with, the tying of the plants should receive a great deal of attention. In order to make them as secure Cut up the old “field roots’’ so that each tuber has one eye and one only as possible I advise having cross-bars connect- ing a line of stakes (as many as desired) and tying the branches to these cross-bars. WHEN TO PLANT The actual planting in the garden, whether it be of old, dormant roots divided to one eye or of started plants from pots, had best be deferred until, at earliest, May 15th, no matter how far south the garden may be; and even by planting as late as the first of July splendid results can be obtained. My own experience last year was that plants set out July roth produced finer plants and a greater quantity of blooms than those set in the ground May sth. : For the ordinary garden, where space is limited, two feet of room between the plants is ample, so far as the welfare of the plant is concerned, but a better appearance can be made with three feet of room. ‘‘Field roots” are the old ones that have been carried over from last season by storing ina cellar. Noth- ing is gained by retaining the clump as a THE GARDEN MAGAZINE whole; it is far better to divide it into as many parts as there are sprouts, always observing that there is one sprout or bud, or eye, to each tuber or root, and vice versa. Sometimes it is impossible to separate every sprout, and in such a case it is well to remove with a knife all sprouts but one. The essen- tial point is that never should there be more than one main stem growing. “Pot roots” are those grown from cuttings during the previous season, and my experience has been that these roots are as good as field roots. They are easier to handle and easier to plant. If a sprout has formed, the size of root has absolutely nothing to do with the future progress of the plant. The old root which Pot-roots grown from cuttings last year. Very easy to handle is planted is of no account. As soon as it is placed into the ground it decays and the new roots form right above it. It does not feed the plant after the start, as a great many growers believe. If planting be done in a very dry season it will be noticed that until the little fibrous roots can develop the plants stand still, not moving one inch, which shows that the large roots which were placed in the ground could not feed the new growth made before the drought set in. “Green plants” are often the only sort obtainable, particularly with newer varieties when the quantity is limited. These are rooted cuttings of the current season taken from pot-grown or field roots started early in heat. They must be given careful treat- ment. Most dahlia growers object to green plants for the reason that they are subject to attack by the cut-worm. If this is once done the plant is lost for good, having not yet made root buds, but the cut-worm is an enemy which can be readily fought and kept off. A paper collar, six inches high, placed around the plant so that it extends fully two inches above the ground, will be an effectual barrier to the pest. The one valuable fea- ture of the green plant is that it produces the finest specimen blooms, and if you wish flowers for the exhibition table, green plants are the only thing to grow. GETTING RESULTS Dablias will not produce the best specimen blooms until August, no matter when they are planted, and if buds should appear before 157 An old field clump sprouted and ready for separat- ing. Nothing is gained by planting this whole that time it is advisable not to allow them to open; pick them off when quite young. Many varieties have a tendency to produce imperfect flowers in the beginning, and if this is noticed all buds should be removed for the next week or two so as to enable the plants to gain sufficient strength to perfect their blossoms. Early frost, often appearing in September, will kill enough of the plant to stop further blooming, but the flowering season can be prolonged into November, despite early frosts, by building a tent over the bed or garden. Make a framework of stakes standing two feet above the highest plant and cover with muslin or light canvas coming right down to the ground on all sides. Place the tubers in the ground horizontally, and three inches below the surface. Set stakes first 158 For shipping, a root grown in a pot is the most compact Once the first frost is over we usually have splendid flowering weather until almost Thanksgiving. WHEN WINTER COMES Taking up the dahlia roots need not be done until severe frost has killed the foliage right to the ground. Then allow a couple of days for the root to adjust itself, and cut back to within six inches of the ground. You may then carefully proceed to lift, using English Effects With Broad-leaved Evergreens—By W. Miller, WE MAY GET ONLY THREE-FOURTHS OF THE ENGLISH LUXURIANCE, BUT WE CAN BEAT ENGLAND ON VARIETY—SEVEN EFFECTS WE CAN HAVE AND FOUR WE CAN’T—APRIL THE BEST MONTH TO PLANT EVERGREENS [Evrror’s Nore.—This is the fourth of twelve articles that explain how we waste about a million dollars a year in trying to copy English effects literally, and the only way in “Conifers” appeared in January; “Trees” in February; “Shrubs” in March. companion series in Country Life in America deals with the different kinds of gardening, such as Landscape Gardening (Fanuary), Formal Gardening (February) and Rose The author went to England last year to get facts for these articles]. which we can excel England. Gardens (March). fe IS no wonder that the myriads of Americans who visit England every year become intoxicated with the beauty of the broad-leaved evergreens. ‘The first glimpse of the rhododendrons in Rotten Row is enough to turn any one’s head, and the Americans who crowd into the big tent at the inner circle, Regent’s Park, to view that matchless color show in June, can hardly wait to get back home and begin planting. For, in England, anyone can see that broad-leaved evergreens are the most sumptuous plants in cultivation. True, pines and other narrow-leaved ever- greens are also attractive the year round, and many of them attain far grander dimen- sions, but they do not have gorgeous flowers or red berries that last all winter. More- over, conifers as a class are a little inclined to coldness and monotony, while the broad- leaved evergreens, from the greater breadth and lustre of their leaves, are pleasanter to live with the year round. For the imme- seed. THE GARDEN MAGAZIN#E a fork rather than a spade. They often take up a space of two feet and even more at times. Loosen the ground before you try to lift the roots. The lifting of the roots should take place only on a bright, sunny day and during the sunny hours when the temperature is highest. Do not shake any soil off the roots. After the roots are taken up, place them upside down on the ground until the soil round them seems to be dry. Then before sundown place them in a cool, dry cellar, spread them out, and let them dry thoroughly. When this has been accomplished, which usually takes from a week to ten days, they can either be placed in boxes or left on the floor, provided it is dry, and covered with newspapers. The temperature must not fall below 40 degrees, nor rise above 50 degrees. From time to time look at the roots and see that no decay makes progress. If any parts show that they are decaying they should be immediately removed and the freshly cut parts well coated with air-slaked lime. If, on the other hand, the roots begin to dry, it will not do any harm — in fact, it will benefit them considerably — to sprinkle the newspaper above them with water, also to sprinkle the floor upon which they are lying. RAISING FROM SEED This is a most fascinating work for the amateur, particularly if you use your own If you have a plant of specially good habits and fine flowers it would be worth your while making a start. Do not cut blooms after perfect flowers have appeared, diate environment of a house, broad-leaved evergreens are certainly the most desirable plants in the world, while tall conifers are quite unsuited to that position. But the most precious quality in broad- leaved evergreens is a certain mystic charm which has nothing at all to do with showy flowers or berries. It resides in the foliage. Everyone feels it, but I have never seen any attempt to. express or explain it, or even aname for it. I venture to call it the ““classic”’ effect, because the first glimpse of a Greek temple in England framed by luxuriant masses of rhododendron, box, and holly overwhelms one with feelings that seem to well up from the depths of the soul. They are deeper than the instinct that England is “our old home.” One might almost call them memories of a previous existence. There is a sudden con- sciousness that we, too, once lived in Italy — that Greece also is our old home. I know I spoil this by talking about it, This series 1s devoted to the materials of gardening, while a APRIL, 1909 | | | | A comparison between seedling and cutting plants. Both are ten weeks old. The seedling on the right is much the weaker and smaller but allow them all to go to seed, which gathered and dried in late summer. Start these seeds in the house about February and transplant to single pots about the end of March. They are then best placed in a cold- frame until the weather is absolutely safe for — planting out of doors, which usually takes place about June ist. Subsequent care will be the same as that given to the other dahlias, and if the result should be only 1 per cent. of the entire product one should feel more than gratified. The pleasure of await- ing each new day with a hope of seeing a new flower open and realize the result of the whole year’s work is indescribable — and it is a safe wager that no two plants will be alike! New York because words. are such frightful liars, but I feel assured that the secret of all “‘oarden magic” is simply the power which old plants and old gardens have of stimulating the imagination, or, as I like to say, these old memories. Everyone knows a few precious moments in life when a sense of the brotherhood of man floods the consciousness. So everyone who sees in England this combination of classic archi- tecture and broad-leaved evergreens is momentarily transported in spirit to Italy and Greece, or, at least, feels some dim sense of kinship with the mighty past. Yet the plants I spoke of are not Italian symbols. Rhododendron, box, and holly may flourish in the Mediterranean region, but they are surcharged with British feeling. The master-words to the Italian are laurel, myrtle, and olive. And right here rises our great hope. For if England can transport those who behold her gardens, though she lacks the older symbols, so America may SF APpRIL, 1909 perform this miracle, though she may use American symbols. And these symbols, if I am any prophet, will be American rhododendrons, holly, and mountain laurel. HOW ENGLAND CAN BEAT US How book notions change when one sees the real things! I was brought up to believe that England has the best climate in the world for evergreens, and consequently it is folly to try to rival her. The first part may be true, but the second is not. We can probably never attain more than go per cent. of English luxuriance, but we can beat her on variety. For example, we can never expect to speak of rhododendrons in our woods as ‘‘weeds,” or game coverts of English laurel as “evergreen rubbish,” as William Robinson justly does in criticizing certain English excesses. On the other hand, do you know © what the English call broad -leaved ever- greens? They often call the peat-loving members of the group “ American plants,” for they have in mind chiefly mountain laurel and the two rhododen- drons which grow wild in our Northern States. f Of the forty-nine kinds we can grow in the North, twenty- two grow wild in this very region, and ten more are native to an allied climate (that of Japan), while only eight are native to Europe. HOW WE CAN BEAT ENGLAND The only place where we can repro- duce practically all the English effects with English mater- ial is Oregon, for that is about the only place that combines a cool, moist summer with a mild winter. However, nine-tenths of the evergreens that flourish in England will thrive on the Pacific coast if given enough water during the dry season. The South can equal the English lux- uriance, at least near salt water; but witha different set of plants which will show a family resemblance, yet individual dis- tinction. A “‘landscape forestry ’’ effect we can have. evergreens, such as holly and rhododendrons. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE The Northwest can have no broad-leaved evergreens worth mentioning, and the Middle West cannot rival the East. The East spends the most on broad- leaved evergreens, and is popularly sup- posed to have the worst climate for them. So I shall concentrate on that region. Yet even here, I believe, we can reproduce seven of the most important English effects with broad-leaved evergreens, while there are only four that we can never hope to have. This may seem like a formidable list, but all these effects fall roughly into three groups— flowering, fruiting, and foliage, and they may prove interesting if examined in that order. THE SPRING-GARDEN EFFECT Undoubtedly the most gorgeous flower- ing effect in the world is that of rhododen- Everywhere under these deciduous trees are broad-leaved We can carpet the ground with evergreen trailers 159. drons. True, roses and azaleas have a wider range of colors, while lilacs and hydrangeas have bigger trusses, but they do not have a magnificent background of evergreen foliage. The English spring strikes high C in June when the rhododen- drons bloom, while our dramatic moment is in May when the leaves come out and the fruit trees blossom. We already have some spring gardens more gorgeous than any I saw in England, but they are of a very different kind, as explained in an article on shrubs in last month’s GARDEN Macazine. The English type of spring garden is a collection of rhododendrons and azaleas, and I believe we can reproduce it with joyous results. The example we should follow is illus- trated by the Rhododendron Dell at Kew, and the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society, or by the Vale of Cashmere in Pros- pect Park, Brook- lyn, N. Y. The first principle is to get a little ravine or valley, so that we may enjoy the rhododendrons both from above and below. Then let there be a path fol- lowing the natural contours, so that everyone may see the whole show without retracing steps or be- ing plagued by a maze. By this method there will be a new picture every two or three steps. Next observe that all the shrubs which bloom before the leaves look best against an evergreen background; _ there- fore put your azaleas chiefly in front and rhododendrons chiefly in the back. Finally, arrange the “magenta crowd” by themselves, and nine-tenths of the color discords will be avoided. By “magenta crowd” I mean all the colors derivable from pur- plewne see lavender crimson-pink, mauve, light and dark purple, and crimson. ‘These col- ors give exquisite effects in a bed by themselves. The other colors will usually take care of themselves. A col- lection of 100 .vari- eties arranged on such a plan would be a joy unspeakable. _ 160 Instead of such collections, we seem to prefer mass effects. But too often we dump down carloads in a flat place near the entrance to an estate, wipe out all other vegetation, and jam the rhododendrons together in such a way that visitors think only of the cost. We ought rather to aim at great landscape pictures like the one at Deepdene, and anyone may reproduce the spirit of that famous spectacle provided he owns a valley about a quarter of a mile long, with its banks crowned by tall trees. But most Americans who plant rhododen- drons on a great scale simply scatter them in their woods. A better idea is repre- sented by the new art called “landscape forestry,” which transforms monotonous woods into enchanting groves at small expense and in only four or five years. Some of the main ideas are saving the best trees and giving them a chance to develop, making trails or paths to all the most inter- esting features, and breaking here and there the fringe of shrubbery which generally surrounds American woods, barring all visions of the beauties within. Only by some such plan can we have the grandest wild garden effects with rhododendrons, and we ought to produce even more ravishing pictures than those of England, because our Catawbiense and maximum are so much better than the vile-colored Ponticum that becomes a ‘‘weed”’ in English woodlands. THE PEAT-GARDEN EFFECT The great limitation of the spring garden, however, is that it omits the mountain laurel, which has the most exquisite flower of all broad-leaved evergreens, and our other great hero, Rhododendron maximum. So the next step is to have a bed of ever- THE GARDEN MAGAZINE **The most gorgeous flowering effect in the world is that of rhododendrons.’’ They have huge trusses, many colors, and magnificent foliage the year round. A mass effect at Kew greens that will show flowers or berries the year round. For example, one can have a mass of bloom from mountain laurel in late June, Rhododendron maximum in July, heather in August, holly-leaved osmanthus in autumn, and the red berries of American holly all winter. Moreover, there are a lot of exquisite little plants for edging and carpeting these beds which are well-nigh impossible to grow elsewhere, such as the everblooming Daphne, the far-famed Shortia, the bronze- leaved Galax, trailing arbutus, wintergreen, partridge berry and that never-ending Bei or ra aes ise The typical ‘spring garden’’ in England—a collection of rhododendrons, which is often combined with azaleas. Many varieties, all colors, a winding walk, different levels — new pictures at every step marvel, the mountain andromeda, which holds up all winter sprays of white flower buds somewhat like the lily-of-the-valley. Such combinations are doubly appro- priate because most of these evergreens belong to the heath family, and most of them want the same cultural conditions, viz.. a permanent mulch and protection from winter winds and sunshine. Is it any wonder that hundreds of English estates should lavish space and money on developing such an idea? It is a pity that there is no good name for this type of gardening. The English call such a garden an ‘American garden,’ but we can hardly use that name. Their phrase “the bog garden” also overlaps this idea a great deal, but unfortunately suggests to the American mind mosquitoes, snakes, and green scum. I shall be very grateful to anyone who can find a good name for this exquisite thing, because a worthy name might help the idea immensely here. Meanwhile, I venture to call it the “peat garden,” because everybody used to think that these shallow-rooting evergreens were peat-lovers. Now we know that they are merely lime-haters and we can even grow them in a limestone country by digging out three feet of soil. And we need not even use peat, for leafmold will do. There are now special booklets and catalogues devoted to this type of garden, and the idea is well worth your investigation, for we can grow many of these American plants better than England can. THE CLIMBING EFFECTS The most precious evergreen climber in the world is the ivy, because it has been loved longest by the human race. ‘There- fore we ought to grow it wherever we can, but only on stone and brick buildings. The English sometimes make the mistake of sending ivy up tall trees. Why hide a characteristic beauty, like the trunk of a ne er ee Oe en — APRIL, 1909 beech? Even when a tree is about to die this is a bad practice, for the close-climbing ivy and ampelopsis outline and emphasize death, while the loose Virginia creeper transmutes and glorifies it. Ivy will climb to the top of a tall castle in England, but in the latitude of New York it attains only ten feet or so. The best evergreen climber for the North is the climbing euonymus, and we ought to plant it by the million. Eventually its leaf may be as dear to us as ivy is to Europe. For the euonymus is hardier than English ivy and has the immense advantage of red berries that glow all winter. It is a Japanese plant which I predict will become thoroughly Americanized. THE CARPETING EFFECT “There are four ways of carpeting the ground in England with evergreen creepers that thrive under trees and_ shrubs. The classical effect is that of ivy, which we can reproduce even in New Eng- land, where ivy can- not be grown as a climber. The second best effect is that of trail- ing myrtle (Vinca minor), which has blue, five-lobed, waxy flowers, a speci- men of which can be picked almost any day in the year. Do not associate this with cemeteries. It is used by the thou- sand on great estates in New England, is quicker - growing than ivy, and better AGADIEG LO Ole climate. Third, the London Pride (Saxifraga umbrosa) makes charm- ing rosettes and will grow in cold, wet clay in dark, narrow passages between London houses. It may be unsuited to our climate, but I want a lot of our readers to try it on a small scale in various situations, and I hereby ask some wealthy American to try to carpet a forest floor with it, as the English do. Fourth, the Aaron’s beard or the rose of Sharon often covers banks ten feet high and a hundred yards long. It makes a great sight in summer when thousands of its big yellow flowers are open. The name of this plant is Hypericum calycinum. In England it flourishes in full sunlight, but this is too much to expect from any broad-leaved evergreens in America, save yucca and a few things of minor importance. We can beat England on evergreen creepers with red berries that are attractive all winter, except, of course, when covered with snow. The best for woods are our f f : { | THE GARDEN MAGAZINE native wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) and partridge berry (Mztchella repens). An Englishman will sometimes spend a hundred dollars to carpet a little patch of woods with these lovely plants which grow by the million in America on land worth $5 or $10 an acre. For the seaside the best red-berried ever- green creeper is the bearberry (Arctosta- phylos Uva-ursi), which thrives in full sun on sand or rock. The climbing euonymus also has red berries, but as a creeper it is not so valuable, because it humps up every little while, in an abortive effort to climb. There is an exquisite white-fruited creeper that is buried in catalogues under the name of Pachysandra terminalis, as an offset to which I propose ‘Japanese mountain spurge.” It has highly characteristic leaves, dainty little spikes of whitish flowers, and The ‘‘classical effect’’ of broad-leaved evergreens, showing that the secret of not reside in mere leaf forms (such as laurel, myrtle, olive) but in luxuriance quaint clusters of fat, waxy berries, which are attractive in summer. THE FOLIAGE BFFECT Of all the broad-leaved evergreens that « are cultivated for foliage alone, box is undoubtedly the most important for northern countries. True, holly has a deeper religious significance, and when it is grown by the mile for hedges, little or no fruit is expected. But holly is identi- fied with the pleasure grounds, while box is the most characteristic plant of the garden proper. Indeed, the only plant which lives for a century or more in old gardens is box. That is why the sight and smell of box stir old family memories more than any other plant in cultivation. I do not see how any garden can have charm without it. In formal gardens, at least, we should always use some dwarf box for edging flower beds and in every garden there should be some tree box to symbolize the beauty of a green old 161 age, and also to serve as a connecting link between the generations. The losses which Americans suffer from box are often very heavy and _ peculiarly distressing. I confess that I have occa- sionally joined in the cry for a hardy equiva- lent of box, but after visiting England I believe that we shall never get it. The most promising substitute for box is Ilex crenata, of which there are three forms of varying merit. One of them is said to be even glossier than box in winter, as well as hardier and possibly of quicker growth. But while this “Japanese box’ mimics the box leaf fairly well, I doubt whether it will exhibit in age that ‘“‘embossed”’ effect which, as Henry Hicks observes, is a crown- ing beauty in old boxwood. And I am sure it lacks the pungent odor of box, which is sO potent in restoring precious memories. Someone has said that box is ‘redolent of eternity.” How to prevent losses with box is a long story. Every- dwell with the best that the past has to give us, and to profit by the experience of Americans who have spent thousands of dollars in moving century-old box to new gardens, should read the articles on box that are referred to at the end of this article. Ivy is, of course, the most precious climber or creeper grown solely for foli- agen cliects melingnls common enough to see trained pyramids of it in formal gar- dens, but I believe we shall never achieve ‘garden magic” in that way, or by growing bay trees in tubs. The bay tree is the laurel of the ancient poets, yet the sight of it does not thrill our hearts. Only free, luxuriant growth, I believe, has sufficient power of suggestion. Unexpected aid may come from the ““carden magic’’ does “hardy evergreen bamboo,” for we should not think of all bamboos as ‘“‘tropical.” Bamboos are merely tall grasses, and they fit our woods to perfection. Of the seven kinds that are hardy in the North, most belong to the slender type of beauty, but there is one which has as much body as a rhododendron. It may not be evergreen north of Philadelphia, where I once saw a superb specimen that was eight feet high. Nurserymen call it Bambusa Metake, but its correct name is Arundinaria Japonica. As both names are formidable, I once proposed that we call it the ‘“‘broad-leaved bamboo,” for the leaf attains 2 x 12 inches. “Hardy evergreen bamboo” is, however, quite as designative, and reveals its greatest value. one who wishes to. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE APRIL, 1909 A hardy evergreen bamboo, taller than a man, at Gravetye, the home ce of William Robinson, who originated the alent for this is Arundinw@ia Japonica The effect of this evergreen bamboo is somewhat like that pictured above. To realize the glory of such a mass, you must know that it is considerably taller than a man. Then make the leaves dark and lustrous, like a rhododendron, and you will get some notion of the luxurious abandon with which everything grows at Gravetye, the home of William Robinson, prophet of wild gardening. This particular species Mr. Robinson calls Bambusa pal- mata, and says it is even finer than the other hardy, evergreen bamboo. The reedy effect is noticeable here. The only picture I have of Arundinaria Japonica shows it arching gracefully to the ground. THE CITY EFFECT New York can never be as beautiful as London because she has no front yards. I saw thousands upon thousands of London yards full of matchless beauty. For they are hedged in by broad-leaved evergreens, especially holly and aucuba. Such gardens contain nothing else save grass, but to my mind they are infinitely more dignified and appropriate than any flower-beds that mind can conceive. May heaven save London from skyscrapers, and may Ameri- can cities of decent size be saved from tall tenements! I dare say we might grow broad- leaved evergreens in back yards of big cities, but we never will, for there can be no privacy in yards overlooked by tall buildings. In London there are countless brick buildings of two or three stories with lovely gardens front and back. In front yards public opinion compels decency and demands beauty. I do not wish to see front yards in America ‘hedged in, but there is a noble effect we can get by massing. Everyone who has noticed the rhododendrons in the yard of the late Cornelius Vanderbilt, facing the principal entrance to Central Park, in New York, will know at once what Imean. For rhododen- drons, box, holly, and the like make the grandest harmonies with architecture of any wild garden ’’ idea. Our equiv- solid masses. The wrong way to arrange rhododendrons, i, e. jamming them in flat, The article tells how to get better wild garden effects The “peat garden ’’ is also a better idea plants in the world. This is because they have just enough formality, are evergreen, long-lived, never grow too high, and are attractive every day of the year. Conifers cannot stand smoke and are a total failure in London, but Henry Hicks declares that broad-leaved evergreens are good smoke- resisters. However, I should never plant them without providing a scheme for washing them every day, if necessary, since ever- greens are not beautiful when dusty. THE WINTER EFFECT Before I die I hope to see America redeemed from its present bleakness and ugliness in winter. The chief elements in that reform will be the shrubs with vivid berries and branches (such as the Japanese barberry and the red-twigged dogwood), because they give the cheapest and quickest results. But these bushes, being leafless, show brightest against an evergreen background. This is all the more reason for broad-leaved evergreens at the base of every dwelling house where they will grow. For winter in the North is five-twelfths of the year, or rather the trees are leafless as long as that. We must not run too much to rhododen- drons, for in zero weather their leaves hang down, curl in, and look most unhappy. Mountain laurel is one of the cheeriest in winter. We can get superb bronzes from Azalea amena, arching wands from Leu- cothoe, amazing lustiness from Berberis Japonica, a perfect carpet of running myrtle where grass will not grow, and above all the never-fading glories of American holly. FOUR EFFECTS WE CAN’T HAVE We can never hope for any tree effects among broad-leaved evergreens in the North. In England the holm oak, or ilex of Italian gardens (Quercus Ilex), will sometimes attain fifty feet. On the other hand, Eng- land can never rival Magnolia grandiflora f of the South or the Christmas berry of California. We shall never equal English hedge effects. It is possible to have miles of holly hedging in the North, but practically it is only a rich man’s plant. We can never have the variegated effects of gold or silver-edged hollies which are said to be highly cheerful in the English winter. We shall never have the game-cover effects of England — thousands of acres of English laurel and Gaultheria Shallon. We are a long way yet from being a nation of pheas- ant raisers. But why repine? Think of the effects we can have! Are they not more numerous and beautiful than you ever suspected? A MEATY LITTLE BIBLIOGRAPHY The best available information is con- tained in back numbers of two magazines. These canbe had separately, or one may consult the bound volumes. (G. M.—Gar- DEN Macazine: C. L.—Country Life in America. ‘The numbers refer to volume and page. “The Broad-leaved Buengnecne, ® (G. M. 2: 18.) The best brief all-round article. “The Hardy Broad-leaved Evergreens,” (C. L. 13 : 605,) describes the best sixteen kinds, and gives a key to the forty-nine that are hardy. “Moving Century-old Box,” (C. L. ro : 537,) gives practical details. “Moving Old Box to New Gardens,” (C. L. 7 : 56,) gives principles of hardiness and cultivation. “The Best Hardy Plants of the Heath Family,” (G. M. 3 : 334,) describes materials of the ‘‘peat garden.” “All the Hollies Worth Growing,” 4 : 234). “The Gorgeous Family of Rhododendrons,” (C. L. 9 : 429,) gives alist of all the hardy varieties. “Rhododendrons Wild and Cultivated,” (C. L. 1: 467,) inspiring and practical. “A Perfect Combination — Rhododendrons and Lilies,” (C. L. 12: 531,) describes all the peat- demanding lilies. “Planting for Winter Comfort and Beauty,” (CG, Is © 8 ESS). (G. M. “The Show Garden of the South,” (C.L. 13 : 299,) . describes lovely effects with Indian azaleas and camellias. “How to Buy Trees and Shrubs Economically,” (C. L. 12:48). Tells how all beginners get “stung” on evergreens. Rearranging the Hardy Border-—By Peter Zuger, o°"" MOST HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS MUST BE LIFTED, DIVIDED AND REPLANTED IN SPRING TO MAKE THEM FLOWER PROFUSELY—A FEW SUGGESTIONS ON GETTING EFFECTS IN COLOR AND HEIGHT {ps2 proper time to rearrange the hardy border is early in April, when the young growths are just emerging after their winter’s rest. The fact that the subjects of the hardy border are “‘perennial” does not mean that they can remain undisturbed for all time; the life of the average perennial can be generally accepted as from four to five years. With many of the more rampant growing kinds, such as Golden Glow and Boltonia, division is necessary every two years, at least. Treated thus they will not only produce flowers of better size and color, but the growth can be kept confined to its own particular domain and not. permitted to spread and over- run less _ vigorous but equally, or more, valuable neighbors. Here the question arises: ‘‘ Which plants should come up and which should remain ?”’ In those which are classed in the “‘late, or autumn _ flower- ing” section, the original crown (gen- erally speaking) dies out after flowering, and immediately the new growths push up around it. All such plants can be divided each spring — what- ever little check they may suffer is really to their advantage. hie ws myer flowering” section, as a rule, makes the new growth from the root crown, and should be divided in the early fall; but if given a good mulch every fall—the same be divided should first be carefully dug up and placed to one side, the ground levelled off, and a good coating of well-decomposed stable manure and a sprinkling of wood- ashes, or lime, applied. If stable manure cannot be obtained, sheep manure or bone meal can be substituted in a lesser quantity. This should be dug in to a depth of from 15 to 18 inches, and the soil worked into a good, friable condition. After the border is made ready the plants should be carefully divided by cutting clean through the clump with the ——— . ——— neers ede mRCR CRO eens | Sh Scam ais cpl tieiedbnsubunkenutacmmlnindicr madione cde cack ct ee ee The relative height of the plants is the chief factor to be regarded in the general scheme of arrangement. Keep the dwaris well to the front, the tallest to the rear stroke of a strong knife or sharp spade. It is a mistake to think that the larger the divided clump, the better the resulting plant will be. Four to six eyes, on the average, will make a more vigorous and better-balanced plant than a larger clump. Should you desire to increase your stock, the smaller growths, or eyes, which are trimmed off in shaping the clump can be planted out in some out-of-the-way corner of the garden, and in the course of one or two years will make good flowering plants. To properly arrange the plants in a border, some knowledge as to the growing habits and flowering period of the plants to be used is essential. The taller growing kinds, such as rudbeckia, boltonia, hollyhock, larkspur, etc., should be used in the back- ground; next in order will come such less- vigorous growing but yet fairly tall plants as false dragon head, bee balm, phlox, campanula, balloon flower, peonies, columbine, etc. The frontal planting will naturally comprise the dwarfer, pets of the border. Notable among these are: the primrose in its many types, moss pink (Phlox subulata and amena), Anemone Pulsatilla, Adonis vernalis, sea pink (Armeria), alum root, Heuchera, Ver- onica imcana and subsessils, gaillardia, geum, in fact, there is an almost endless assortment of dwarf perennials, all well adapted for border- ing, and one must being dug under in spring — can remain LATE-FLOWERING PERENNIALS — DIVIDE IN IN SPRING select according to individual taste. ie Alum root Catchfly Loosestrife, rose Rudbeckia 1: undivided for several Aster, hardy Chrysanthemum Mallow Sea lavender W ithout doubt, the years. Baby’s breath Day lily Meadowsweet Sea pink most effective way The “spring flower- Bergamot Delphinium, Chinese Mint : Sneezewort to arrange a peren- Oe d ir- Bishop’s weed False chamomile Phlox, perennial Speedwell nial planting i Oe pec won redu Blazing star False dragonhead Plantain lily Sunflower aap anes tS ing division is less Bounce eet Loosestrife Plume poppy Sunflower, orange plant each variety numerous and should Campion Loosestrife, fringed Pyrethrum Windflower, Pennsylvania in a separate group, be handled in the Yarrow large enough to give early fall when the EARLY-FLOWERING PERENNIALS — DIVIDE IN EARLY FALL the varieties distinc- new growth has Alyssum Foxglove Moss pink Poppy, oriental tion; the size of the matured. Bellflower Iris, German Pansies, tufted Primrose croup being in pro- a . fhe Bleeding heart Iris, Japanese Peony Pyrethrum is me t th t a MEE AEs Columbine Lilies Pinks, garden Spirea Be eee OTe border, the plants to border, but large 163 164 enough to make the group conspicuous during its flowering season. The flowering season of each variety must be taken into consideration, the object being to have the groups so arranged that the plant- ing, as a whole will be effective all through the season. The colors should be carefully blended throughout the border to avoid jarring contrasts, and prevent a preponderance of color in any particular section at any one time. Among all our choice perennials, probably none lend themselves to this method of Planting a Real Old-Fashioned Garden—By H. S. Adams, &: THE GARDEN MAGAZINE grouping better than the Chinese larkspur (Delphinium grandiflorum). The flowers of this gem are produced in spikes about three feet in height, and in a profusion that is truly marvelous. A group of these will be a veritable mass of bloom from July until October; and this, coupled with its graceful, fern-like foliage, makes it indispensable for the hardy border. There is also a dwarfer double form that is almost equally desirable, and as either of these can be grown from seed sown outside — which, if sown early enough, will flower the first season— there is no reason why they should not be seen in every APRIL, 1909 garden. If it is desired, a pleasing formal effect can be had by edging the planting with the hardy candytuft (Iberis sempervirens); the variety Snowflake being very well adapted for the purpose. Any spaces that might occur in the border, when the early-flowering varieties are past, can be filled in nicely with annuals, such as petunia, balsam, salvia, phlox, gladiolus, tuberose, montbretia. In fact the addition of annuals is really necessary to keep up a display of flowers during the, hot summer months until the late-blooming section of the perennials commences. Connec- HOW TO BE TRUE TO BOTH THE LETTER AND SPIRIT OF ““GRANDMOTHER’S GARDEN’”’ AND HAVE FLOWERS CONTINUOUSLY FROM APRIL TILL NOVEMBER A TO the best old-fashioned flowers, the most desirable are naturally those that will in the aggregate furnish bloom for approximately six months. The trick in making a selection is, therefore, to paraphrase a certain familiar saying of Abraham Lincoln, and remember that, although you can make all flowers bloom some of the time, and some flowers all of the time, you cannot make all flowers bloom all of the time. Nor should the fact that old-fashioned flowers range in height from six inches to as many feet be overlooked. Height, as well as color, figures prominently in the matter of general effect. First get your garden. That you must do in April, and the nearer you go to all Fools’ Day the wiser you will be. As the initial move, decide at once, after taking a walk around the place, whether you will adopt borders or a set, geometrical design, and, in this, preference should yield without hesitancy to the lay of the land, asit were. If the place is small, borders are the only solution of the problem, beds in the lawn being doubly abhorrent in the case of this particular form of flower-gardening. If, on the other hand, there is plenty of room, a formal plan of plant- ing may be followed wherever such a garden best fits in, but preferably in the rear or at the side of the house. Fora starter, however, the border is usually advisable. It permits a small beginning, with the opportunity to On small areas informal border planting is the only solution. Keep the lawn open enlarge as the season progresses; it provides the necessary experience for working out a more comprehensive plan and, furthermore, this is a good way to accumulate stock for a leisurely thought-out garden. Having decided what you had better do, lay out your garden on paper. ‘This much accomplished, go over the flower catalogues, which are issued afresh each January, and make out the list of the plants and seeds that you must order. Meanwhile it is just as well to let any friends who have hardy gardens know what you are up to, as the chances are that they will gladly give you of their sur- plus. This will not only save you money but will let friendship through your garden gate. The ground should, of course, be prepared as early as it can be worked well. It should be spaded to at least the depth of a foot, and if the soilis very poor the loosened part should be removed bodily and a better grade sub- stituted. With the working in of some well- rotted manure, and the necessary raking, the ground is then ready for the plants. A common mistake with borders is to make them too narrow. If next to the house or shrubbery they should not be less than four feet wide, and where approach from both sides is possible six feet is better yet. Barring bulbs, which cannot enter into spring planting, the best flowers to start the season with are the sweet keys and polyan- thus that were so treasured by our grand- mothers. Both bloom in late April and early May. ‘They are of low growth; as is also that indispensable for May, blue-eyed Susan (Polemonium reptans). The best fairly tall flower of early May is bleeding heart, and for later in the month widow’s tears, flower-de- luce, and columbine are needed. For late May also there are the low-growing hardy forget-me-not, which will bloom the remain- der of the season, and the sweet William, which is a foot high and is good for a solid month of color, and, for a touch of yellow, either the tall bachelor’s buttons or the creeping kind. June’s finest tall plants are the foxglove, trooper’s feather, and Oriental larkspur; those of medium height, custard lily, Canter- bury bell, peach bell, double ‘‘featherfew” London pride, fraxinella, tickseed, rock chamomile, sweet rocket, and blanket flower; and those of low growth, aside from sweet William, the grass pink and the “California primrose.” For July’s tallest effect the hollyhock, which is likely to begin flowering late in June, is unsurpassed. Grading down in height are the hardy phlox, Japanese bell- flower, Oswego tea, and bluebell. Even if it can be only trained to a stake, the everlasting pea, which will bloom from midsummer on, should also have a place in the old-fashioned garden. Another desirable July flower is the tiger lily, the bulbs of ‘which may be purchased in the spring. All the plants thus far mentioned are iron- clad perennials and biennials, the latter being self-perpetuating by self-sowing with the sole exception of the Canterbury bell; but in August the annuals must be counted upon to augment the color of such hardy holdovers as phlox and gaillardia. Nothing is better than the African marigold at this time of year. At least half a dozen other old- fashioned annuals should, however, be planted in the spring, in a seed bed, and transplanted to fill gaps -here, there, and With plenty of room a formal or geometrical design near the house can be very effective . ee eo oe APRIL, 1909 everywhere. China asters, Drummond’s phlox, love-in-a-mist, mourning bride, cocks- comb, youth and old age, four o’clock, sweet sultan, none-so-pretty, French marigold, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE snapdragon, larkspur, mignonette, sweet alyssum, balsam, Johnny-jump-up, and opium poppy are all good annuals, some of which bloom earlier than August. The FLOWERING PLANTS FOR THE OLD-FASHIONED BORDER, BY SEASON GARDEN NAME LATE APRIL Sweet keys Polyanthus Earty May Bleeding heart Blue-eyed Susan Late May Widow’s tears Flower-de-luce Flower-de-luce Columbine Forget-me-not, hardy Sweet William Bachelor’s button Do. creeping JUNE Foxglove Trooper’s feather Larkspur, oriental Custard lily Canterbury bell Peach bell Featherfew, double London pride Fraxinella Tickseed Rock chamomile Sweet rocket Blanket flower Grass pink LATE JUNE, JULY Hollyhock Phlox Bellflower, Japanese Oswego tea Bluebell Jury Everlasting pea Tiger lily AUGUST False chamomile Giant daisy SEPTEMBER New England aster Japanese windflower LATE SUMMER, EARLY AUTUMN Dahlia OcTOBER Artemesia AvuGUST African marigold China aster Phlox Love-in-a-mist Mourning bride Cockscomb Youth and old age Four-o’clock Sweet Sultan None-so-pretty French marigold Snapdragon Larkspur Mignonette Sweet alyssum Balsam Johnny-jump-up Poppy Sunflower, Soleil d’Or PERENNIALS AND BIENNIALS t STANDARD NAME Primula vulgaris Primula Polyantha Dicentra spectabilis Polemonium reptans Tradescantia Virginica Iris Florentina Iris Germanica Aquilegia vulgaris Myosotis palustris, var. semperflorens Dianthus barbatus Ranunculus acris, var. flore-pleno Ranunculus repens, var. flore-pleno \ Digitalis purpurea Lythrum roseum, var. superbum Delphinium formosum Hemerocallis flava Campanula Medium Campanula persicifolia Matricaria imodora, var. plenissima Lychnis Chalcedonica Dictamnus albus, var. rubra Coreopsis lanceolata, var. grandiflora Anthemis tinctoria Hesperis matronalis Gaillardia aristata Dianthus plumarius Ailthea rosea Phlox pamculata Platycodon grandiflorum Monarda didyma Campanula rapunculoides Lathyrus latifoltius Lilium tigrinum Boltonta asteroides Chrysanthemum uliginosum Aster Nove-Anglig Anemone Japonica Dahlia variabilis Chrysanthemum Indicum ANNUALS Tagetes erecta Callistephus hortensis Phlox Drummondi Nigella Damascena Scabiosa atropurpurea Celosia cristata Zinnia vars. Mirabilis Jalapa Centaurea moschata Silene Armeria Tagetes patula Antiurrhinum majus _ Delphinium hybridum Reseda odorata Alyssum maritimum Impatiens Balsamina Viola tricolor Papaver somniferum Helianthus annuus, var. fi.-pl. HEIGHT COLOR 6-9 in Pale yellow 6-10 in. Various 1-2 ft. Red 6-8 in Light blue 1-3 ft. Purplish 4-2 ft. Pearl 3D tilt Purple ; 1 at Various 8 in. Blue 1% ft Various 4-3 ft. Golden yellow 4-1 it Yellow D3) wi Purple white 4-6 ft Rose 2-3 ft Blue 3 ft. Yellow 1-4 ft. _ Various 2-3 it. Blue, white 12-18 in. White 2-3) ft. Scarlet BD thks Red 1-2 ft. Yellow DB tits Golden yellow = 3} iit, Purple 14-3 ft Yellow to red I ft. Pink, purplish, white 5-8) ft. Various 2—3% ft Various I—3)it- Blue, white 2) ft: Red 2-3 ft Violet 4-8 ft Rose 2-5 ft Orange 2-8 ft White to purple 4-5 ft White 3-7 ft. Purple D3) Sits Rosy purple Dae ine Various abit: Various Butte Lemon yellow 6-18 in. © Various 6-18 in Various r—2 ft. White, blue 2 ft. Various 9 in. Various t ft. Various RB, ilk Various 2 sit White, yellow, purple a jy tht Pink to white ie dit Yellow to red 1-3 ft. Various 3-4 ft. Blue, pink, white 1-2 ft. Yellowish white Creeping White 2-25 ft. Various 6-8 ft. Various BAnit: White to purple 3-12 ft. Yellow The Sweet William will give a large range of colors for a month or more opium poppy must be planted where it is to stand and thinned out to one plant for a square foot. So far as I am aware the hardy double sunflower, false chamomile, and giant daisy are not old-fashioned flowers, but I see no reason why they should not help August through into September, and for the latter month I would add the New England aster and the Japanese windflower. For the late summer and early autumn also the dahlia, the tubers of which must, of course, be stored in winter, should have a place in the background. Even one plant will fur- nish a bold effect. October’s old standby is the ‘‘artemesia.”” The artemesias are usually catalogued (and properly) as hardy pompon chrysanthemums, and the real old- fashioned unnamed varieties that are gath- ered up from old gardens stand the winter best. In planting the easiest way is not to let the color scheme worry you any more than it did your grandmother. The chief things to consider are to grade the plants according to height and to so scatter each kind that the bed or border will always show color all over, if only in spots. Avoid straight lines studiously, excepting in a formal design, and put nothing nearer the edge than a foot from the centre of the plant. Finally, do not overcrowd. The base of some old tree makes a good nucleus for the old-fashioned flowers For a shady arbor the grape is unsurpassed; it will give fruit too Grapes will yield returns from land that cannot well be cultivated otherwise Planting Grapes in Waste Places—By W. H. Jenkins, 3% HERE IS A SUGGESTION FOR THE PROFITABLE USE OF OTHERWISE UNCULTIVABLE LAND—GET A SELEC- TION OF VINES THIS SPRING, START A VINEYARD, AND HARVEST FRUIT WITH A MINIMUM OF LABOR A VINEYARD of twenty-five or fifty 4 grape vines will give more returns for less trouble than anything I know. It was almost with the protest of my family and neighbors that I planted with grape vines a bank that was too steep for profitable cul- tivation. ‘The climate,” they said, “is too cold for grapes and the vines will not grow well if you cannot cultivate them.” But I wanted a vineyard, and I did not want to plant it on tillable level land, worth several hundred dollars per acre. The growing season in my locality is from May to October, and the temperature some- times 20 degrees below zero. The soil is clay-loam. In the early spring when the frost was just out of the ground, I dug up places for the vines about six feet in diameter and eighteen inches deep, turning over the sods and pul- verizing the soil where I set the vine. I worked in some fine manure, then planted my vines 6 x 8 feet apart. The vines were two years old, and I bought 50 of a nursery and the cost was not over $5. I planted 20 Worden, 5 Niagara, 5 Moore’s Diamond, 5 Delaware, 5 Concord, and the balance were the Winchel, Moore’s Early, and some newer varieties for experiment. The first year I cultivated the small space around the vines. I had spaded before planting, and mowed the grass and left it on the groundfora mulch. I had read about the grass mulch for trees and wanted to try it for the grapes on land that was too steep and stony to cultivate. The second year I gave the vines the same treatment, put up three wires, so the rows were eight feet apart, and began to train the vines on them according to the “Kniffin” system, which is to establish a vine in the You could easily pick a bushel of fruit standing in one place form of a T with the horizontal part on the top wire. In the four years following I have top- dressed the ground with stable manure and wood ashes as I could, also emptying wastes from the house around the vines, and I have mown the grass and left it for a mulch. Now about the results. We have had grapes for family use three years, and last year, six years from planting, the vines were loaded with many bushels. A section of the Wordens (black) is shown by the photo, with 166 one of the lady pickers, which bore so heavy a crop one could pick a bushel from the same place. This is the most profitable variety I have. An immense bearer, ripening the last of September before the hard frosts; of good size when pruned and thinned, sweet and valuable for every purpose for which we use grapes. The Niagara (white) is by far the most desirable grape for the family fruit garden, but it is more difficult to grow than the Wor- den. It needs liberal feeding and some protection in winter, in my locality. I usually cut the vines loose from the trellis, lay them down and cover them with straw or brush early in the winter. All the other varieties are sufficiently hardy for the winters here in Delaware County, N. Y. Next to the Worden and Niagara, as being most desirable here, I mention Concord, Moore’s Diamond, Campbell’s Early, Dela- ware, Winchell or Green Mountain, and Moore’s Early, in the order named. One needs only a few of the last two, for the very early grapes are small, the vines weak growers, and the grapes not so good as later varieties. ‘The medium early kinds will ripen earlier, if rightly pruned, and the bunches thinned. At the same time I planted my little vine- yard, I also planted a few vines in various places elsewhere. One now completely covers an arbor and gives a pleasant shade during hot days, and our children enjoy it as a summer house. The inside of the arbor is covered with grapes in their season, so the arbor is useful and profitable, as well as ornamental. I recommend the Worden or some strong grower for covering arbors. Another vine I planted near an unsightly apple stump and it now covers the permanent APRIL, 1909 trellis nature made, and bears a crop of grapes each year, although somewhat smaller than those in the vineyard. The vines get little attention and cost nothing. The busy amateur who has a few acres can do as I have done without an expert knowledge of grape growing. There is nothing easier to grow than the grape vine, if you know its needs, which are easily learned. These are a dry and deep and rather loose soil, enriched with some stable manure (not too much) because it supplies humus, and supplemented with extra potash and phos- phoric acid. Plant varieties adapted to your locality, cultivating well for two or three years until there is a good growth established on the trellis, then pruning in early winter, and spraying if needed. My experience is that you can keep them bearing large crops for family use with the grass mulch. I am nota commercial grower, but think I have learned to grow large crops of good grapes for home use with but little labor. Think of having all the fresh grapes you can eat for three or four months, and plenty to can; all the fresh grape juice, that is almost as nourishing and often more refreshing than milk, and having a large supply bottled for use all the year; also of having large quanti- ties of grape jelly and marmalade, that can be used in the place of or with butter, as freely as one likes; if one cares to grow the late varieties, and pack them in air-tight bags or boxes, he will have fresn grapes nearly alJ sinter. Planting a Strawberry Bed By M. Crawrorp, Ohio Soe growers can plant strawberries atany time by using potted plants and by shading and watering. The man who is striving to keep down expenses and avoid risk plants in the spring when conditions are most favorable. The plant is mature at the close of the growing season and remains dormant during the winter. Its leaves serve to protect the crown and hold the snow, and its roots anchor it in its place. In planting we remove most of the leaves and cut back the roots to two or three inches, almost converting the plant into a bulb! Removing the leaves diminishes the demand for water while new roots are being sent out, and shortening the roots encourages the plant to send out new ones from the crown, which it often fails to do if the old ones are not cut back. Further, a plant with shortened roots is much easier to plant properly. The strawberry may be grown on any well- drained soil of average fertility unless it con- tains much lime. If fairly rich it is not necessary to apply much plantfood. I would not use any fresh stable manure except as a winter covering. Nor should it be used then if the bed is to be kept over another year. It will not only bring in weeds, but will produce a rank growth that is very liable to rust. The preparation of the soil is an important matter. It may be plowed to the depth of a foot, but in no case would I bury the good Got ea Gor Ai 1D), Nis SIMIVAn GAZ NIE soil under more than an inch or two of pcor subsoil. It should be made fine and firm as deep as it is plowed. ‘The hardest clay with four inches of the surface made fine, and that below unbroken, will produce a better crop than if it is broken to the depth of a foot and only four inches pulverized. Hollow places underneath are to be avoided always, for the strawberry plant will not bloom if its roots get into a hole; A. T. Goldsborough, of Washington, who carried to the Secretary of Agriculture berries that weighed over four ounces each, said that he personally would prefer to grow berries on a pavement with six inches of good soil on it. Asa general rule, plants will be productive in proportion as the soil is firm. MAKING A BED FOR HOME USE I can thoroughly recommend this method: After the soil is well prepared, take the r5- inch marker and mark it both ways. Then set a plant at each cross, leaving every third row vacant for a path. Now the plants are in their new places, and will commence their season’s work at once. Each one will send out a mass of roots in all directions, from twelve to eighteen inches in length. They are willing workers and will never cease day nor night until stopped by freezing weather in November. The business of the grower is to supply favorable conditions and to direct the energies of the plant in such directions as will best serve his purpose. Very soon the plant will attempt to produce fruit. The grower does not want berries the first year, so he cuts off the blossoms. The plant next attempts to send out runners, but as the grower is not in the plant business he cuts off the runners as he did the blossoms. The plant makes one effort after another to produce runners, and the grower cuts them off. Very often he gets discouraged and concludes that the matted row system is better anyhow, and he lets the runners cover the bed. This furnishes an outlet for the energies of the plant. Instead of being built up to a fruiting capacity of 167 Pick off all flowers from strawberries set out this spring if you want the plants to do their best perhaps two quarts of fine fruit it makes a lot of runners that can do no more than produce ordinary berries. Cutting runners is not the only work of the grower. The plants must be kept in vigorous growth for the best results. They are greatly damaged by any check during the growing season. So they must have well-cultivated ground to grow in. A newly stirred soil admits the air to the roots, conserves moisture and prevents the growth of weeds. Every shower tends to seal up the surface and exclude the air. So we aim to stir the soil after every rain. Sometimes one is convinced during the growing season that his soil is not rich enough. Some complete fertilizer or a thin coating of any decomposed manure may be scattered between the plants to increase the growth. It is well to see that the roots of any rank-growing crops are not encroaching on the strawberry bed. Even the roots of a tree standing one hundred feet away may be getting the plant food intended for the plants. So we may in many ways assist our plants in doing their best. For best fruiting quality (2 quarts to a plant), cut off all runners during the first year 168 Getting Quality in Lima Beans IMA beans are very tender and must not be planted until the weather becomes warm and settled, which is from the first to the middle of April in the South. They succeed best on a rich loam made fine and loose by deep plowing or spading, and well fertilized, cow manure and commercial fertilizer combined being the best for the purpose. Distribute in the drills one hand- cart load of the manure and three quarts of the fertilizer to every hundred feet of row, mixing it with the soil. Rows for bush limas should stand from two to three feet apart, the distance to be judged ’ according to the grade of the soil and the varieties planted. The small limas require the narrowest rows and the plants should stand from one to two feet apart in the row. Plant the seed in twos and cover with one inch of soil; when the plants are well started thin to one in a place. Cultivation begins as soon as the plants are well up and continues until the first of September. A good cultivation every two weeks is necessary to promote strong healthy growth. Don’t cultivate deep as some of the main roots come close to the surface of the soil and must not be broken off. Make the rows for the running limas four feet apart, setting the poles three feet apart in the row and two feet in the ground; or if cultivation is to be by hand, make the rows three feet apart and set the poles two feet apart. Plant five or six beans at each pole and when the plants are four inches high, thin out to three plants to a pole. For poles, use oak or maple sprouts two inches in diameter at the bottom and eight or ten feet long. Allow some of the short brush to remain. The garden fence makes one of the best supports as it is possible to make a row on both sides of the fence. Allow the plants to stand twelve or eighteen inches apart. — The smallest running variety is the Sieva or butter bean, which Southerners like better than the large lima. The Carolina Sewee is a very productive sort, but the beans and pods are small, having only three beans toa pod. The Willow Leaf lima is the “same except that the leaves are long and narrow. For this reason it is the most valuable for planting on damp soil, where the pods of the large, wide- leaved sorts rot in wet weather. Wood’s Improved pole lima is a great improve- a 16% Woe ao MR ON A oe The Willow Leaf lima. Best for damp soil as the narrow leaves allow the sunto shine directly on the pods THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ment over the Carolina Sewee, as the pods generally contain four good-sized beans. ‘The pods are borne in clusters of from four to eight. There are other varieties of this type in dark and variegated colors, but they are not as good for table use as the white ones. The small limas are ready for use in from seventy-five to eighty-five days from planting. Of the thick, clubby type of lima I am aware of only two varieties, Dreer’s Improved or Challenger lima, and Shortwell’s Improved lima. In the former the pods are produced in clusters of from four to six, with three to four beans to a pod; in the latter the beans are Jarge and thick and number four to five to a pod. In the bush limas, which stand erect and do not need support, we have three distinct types of which the running limas are the parents. Henderson’s bush lima, the smallest and earliest, is the dwarf Sieva; the pods are borne in very prolific clusters, Pods of the small and large varieties. The small pods are less than half the size of the others The beans of the large limas are as far ahead of the small sorts in quality as they are in size with from two to three beans to a pod. Wood’s Prolific or Improved Henderson is probably the best of this type; the bushes bear profusely, the leaves and pods are a dark, glossy green, and each pod is filled with from three to four beans. Jiack- son’s Wonder bush lima bears small and variegated beans in great quantities. ; Of the thick, clubby dwarf lima I have grown only two varieties, Dreer’s or Kumerle bush and the Fordhook. The former is not a true bush form, but trails over a space two or three feet across. It is a great bearer, the pods are short, and average three beans apiece. Fordhook is a new sort which stands boldly erect, and each of its large pods generally contains four beans. Of the large, flat bush limas, the Burpee Improved is the largest and earliest, the pods holding from four to five very large beans of fine flavor. The Burpee bush lima, Burpee’s Quarter Century, and Dreer’s Wonder rank about the same in size and earliness, the last two being a day or so earlier. Pods of all three varieties contain generally there, sometimes four, beans. Henderson’s Early Giant, is equally as early as the Burpee Improved, but the pods and beans are somewhat smaller. These varieties are ready for use in from sixty-five to seventy-five days after planting. APRIL, 1909 The garden fence makes one of the best sup- ports for running beans, as arow may be planted on each side of it Ford’s Mammoth and King of the Garden are very large-podded late sorts, from four to five beans being contained in each pod. New Ideal is prob- ably the best of the late main crop pole limas; the pods are very broad, from five to six-and-a-half inches long, and contain five and six beans. The beans of the evergreen pole lima are excellent to dry; they are green instead of white, as the dried beans of other varieties are. The thick and the large, flat limas are ready for use in from eighty-five to one hundred days from planting. The large, flat type of pole limas is according to my taste, the best of the three types of pole limas, but it cannot be grown as successfully here in the South as the Sievas and the clubby types. There are a good many varieties of this large, flat lima, the earliest of which is the New Leviathan. The pods are generally very straight, with four beans each. Seibert’s Early is a very good early sort, with curved pods haying two to four beans each. Spring Jobs You Must not Neglect Ags April rst sow annuals in prepared beds. Annuals will grow fairly well on almost any kind of soil, but of course they succeed best on a rich loam, provided it is not too rich in nitrogenous matters, which will produce plant growth at the expense of flowers. The smallest seeds should be sown in fine soil and covered lightly. Spread newspapers over the beds to hold the moisture around the seed, removing them as germi- nation takes place, and when heayy rain falls spread oilcloths over the beds to prevent the seed from being beaten too deep into the ground. Early in the month begin planting out summer- flowering bulbs (such as dahlia, gladiolus, tuberose, canna, and oxalis). If the soil where they are to grow is not very rich, dig in deeply one-half bushel of well-decayed compost to every square yard. Plant gladiolus, tuberose, and oxalis two or three inches deep, allowing twelve inches distance each way. Dahlia bulbs should be planted three inches deep and two and half feet apart each way; canna bulbs two inches deep and from sixteen to eighteen inches apart each way. Seed of all semi-tropical plants, such as pepper, egg-plant, tomato, and melons can be safely planted in the open ground after the first of the month. For lawns sow grass seed now in soil that has first been made loose and fine to a good depth and well fertilized with old compost. A dressing of fifty pounds of nitrate of soda per acre applied when the seed is sown will be sure to start rapid, healthy growth. Select a still day when there is no wind for sowing the grass seed. Use plenty of seed in order to get a good stand and rapid results. When setting out plants that the cutworms are likely to attack, wrap a strip of paper around the stem large enough to extend about three-quarters of an inch below and above the surface of the soil- This will prevent the worms from eating the stems- Georgia. 5; THOMAS J. STEED. tl em en ant A a tt cl. li tet Ee — APRIL, 1909 ie GARDEN MAGAZINE Roses from next June until frost. Long stemmed fine blooms—as big and beautiful as florists sell at fancy prices—right out of your own garden. Like everything else worth while there is a knack about growing roses out-of-doors to rival those grown under glass. Our helpful trusty new manual SONARD & JONES CO. _ “WEST GROVE, PA. - - “How to Grow Roses” lays bare all the secrets of rose culture. Divided into four sections: (1) How to go about it. (2) The right roses for any locality and purpose. (3) All you have to know about the 101 best roses in America. (4) How to have a harvest of bloom. There is also an invaluable pruning key, so that you can tell at a glance the correct way to prune every variety of rose offered. And unless roses are properly pruned it is impossible to - grow big blooms and long stems. “How to Grow Roses” is the only manual that covers every phase of down-to-date rose growing. The combined experience of experts and amateurs who have made a life study of roses and their successful culture in different sections of the country. Special Offer to Garden Magazine Readers The price of our trusty guide “How to Grow Roses™ is 10 cents, but we want to get a copy 25 Cent | into the hands of every lover of roses, and for this reason make the following extraordinary offer. Rose Send 10 cents in stamps or silver and we will mail you “How to Grow Roses,” and in addition send free of charge at proper planting time a 25 cent Rose selected especially for your locality and guaranteed to bloom this year. Don’t delay, fill out annexed coupon and mail to-day. Our catalogue of “The Best Roses in America” free. Write for a copy. pe 2 169 Four Ways of Catching the Mole NICE will devour whole rows of garden and sweet peas, gorge upon the succulent roots of asparagus, lift the tough roots of strawberry plants clear out of the ground, and utterly ruin beds of lilies, peonies, and various bulbous and tuberous plants. They do their work mostly in the early morning or late afternoon; and when, by the upheaving of the soil, one is discovered at work, quickly sink a spade its full depth into the soil back of the moving portion, throw out the soil, and the mole can be easily killed. There are a few excellent mole traps, easily set without danger, which may be placed in hotbeds without disturbing the runways. Instructions for: their use accom- pany these traps. In setting one, be sure to wear leather gloves to prevent your hands from coming in contact with either the trap or the soil in its vicinity, for moles are very keen of scent. CALCIUM CARBIDE Calcium carbide is the preparation of lime used in generating acetylene gas and is efficacious in driving away the moles. Make openings at intervals in the runs with a sharp, round stick, and fill with the carbide crystals, covering at once with soil. Keep the hands perfectly dry, as the lime slacks and burns when moistened. It is better to wear leather gloves. For all points difficult to reach — such as rocky grounds and artificial rock work, tunneled with inaccessible runs, and also for large areas—this method cannot be applied. In such cases the gas, which is highly offensive as well as poisonous, can be generated in the runs. Open them carefully at frequent intervals, as far as possible from the roots of plants, dropping into each opening a handful of calcium carbide crystals, and work them carefully in the run soasto avoid stopping up the tunnel with dirt. Press a stone over each opening and cover with a handful of soil, patting it down to prevent the gas from escap- ing. Insert a hose into the run and turn on the water until the run is flooded, being ready with a handful of soil to prevent the gas from breaking through at any point and thus escaping. The two things to especially guard against are stopping up the run with soil while working the crystals down, and allowing the gas to escape. This method was entirely satisfactory in a large, irregular planting of peonies in a rocky border completely tunnelled with mole runs. The border was also thickly planted with gladioli and poppies, German irises and lilies. Excepting at a few places where the gas broke through to the surface of the soil and scorched the nearby leaves, there was not the slightest trace of damage to the plants. The moles, however, were entirely destroyed. EFFECTIVE MEANS FOR SMALL AREAS In short runs in moderate-sized beds and other limited areas, use bisulphide of carbon. It is highly volatile and must not be opened near a light nor carried with matches. Make a hole in the ground with a round stick and pour into the hole one or two tablespoonsful of the carbon, quickly cover with a piece of board and heap soil over it. Repeat this at intervals along the run. This kills by suffocation. In long tunnels this would not be practicable, as it would take an immense quantity THE GARDEN MAGAZINE of the fluid and the moles would detect the presence of the carbon before it became dangerous to them. As a preventive measure, edge the bulb beds with strips of zine sheeting, twelve inches in width, kept in place by means of double pegs, allowing it to extend an inch above the surface. A board of the same width will serve the purpose. Avoid openings at the joinings and the corners wide enough to allow a mole to enter. Moles are supposed to tunnel at about six inches depth, and bricks sunk lengthwise around beds have usually proved a successful barrier, but in times of drouth they will sometimes go deeper in search of moist ground for easier digging. An ordinary wooden box of proper height, with the bottom removed, serves to protect isolated clumps of tuberous or bulbous plants. This protective work may be done at any time of the year when the ground is not frozen, and any runs within beds to be so enclosed, should be thoroughly treated before this work is begun. Moles may be temporarily driven from beds by pushing balls of cotton saturated with kerosene down into the run, and I have kept closely planted beds cleared for the season by this means. Towa. Warp MacLeop. Spray Now for the Codling Moth NDOUBTEDLY the greatest amount of fruit destruction is done by the codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonelba). The eggs of this insect are laid in the spring and the larva, as it hatches, finds and enters the calyx of the blossom, which eventually closes about it. There the larva feeds until full grown, when it passes out through the apple and drops to the ground. The most general method of attack is to spray = . AS Ee oamccaaaes Seis When the calyx is closed, it is too late to spray for the codling moth. It should have been done just after the blossoms fell with Paris green (one-quarter pound to fifty gallons of water) or Bordeaux mixture (one-half pound to fifty gallons of water). The first applica- tion should be made just before the blossoms open, and the second after the petals have fallen. Spray- ing will not accomplish anything after the calyx has closed. Connecticut. SAMUEL JACKSON. How to Prevent Spruce Galls Che spruce gall (often called “pineapple” gall) is a brownish formation about an inch long, somewhat resembling a fir cone. The aphis (Chermes abietis) which causes this appears in April, or as soon as the warm spring days come. It attaches itself to the base of a young leaf, usually at the junction of two branches, where the eggs are laid in great masses. The gall is formed by the larve fastening them- selves to the surrounding parts of the leaves and shoots as they hatch, causing them to swell. The gall sometimes completely surrounds the shoot where the eggs haye been laid; at other times it develops only on one side. It cripples the shoot, and if allowed to spread will, in time, completely APRIL, 1909 The spruce gall or pineapple gall much resembles a little cone. Spray with kerosene emulsion strip a tree of its foliage. Trees in this condition are very susceptible to bark insects, particularly the bark borer; if a spruce or pine is thus afflicted, no further foliage vill be produced that year and it is sometimes three or four years before the tree really recovers. The only method of attack is to spray the trees early in April with kerosene emulsion, or some other oily mixture — the same that is used for any other species of plant lice. New York. G.S. J. What Makes Plants Wilt 2 HE striped cucumber beetle is a common pest in gardens, being particularly injurious to cucurbits and displaying special fondness for cucumbers in particular. The principal injury to these plants is caused by the ‘beetles devouring the young plants as they appear above ground, or by even entering the soil and feeding upon them before they have fairly got into the sunlight. The larvee also feed upon the roots and in some instances probably cause considerable injury. ‘The beetles are known to feed upon a large number of other plants such as coreopsis, dahlias, sunflowers, rudbeckia, though so far as known, larval injury to the roots is not so general. soe The injuries caused by this insect may ‘often be confused with those caused by the stalk borer, a species which attacks various thick-stalked plants, and in the case of smaller ones would undoubtedly continue its boring to the ground and result in the shriveling of the entire plant attacked. Paris green or other applications would be totally inef- fective if it was this latter insect, because the larva bores in the stem out of reach of any applica- tions. Slitting imfested stems will reveal at once whether some insect has been boring therein, and if it is a brownish, white-striped caterpillar there would be no doubt as to its being the stalk borer. An examination of the roots, if the trouble is there, might result in finding minute, white larve of some kind or other feeding upon the same. In that case I should be inclined to attribute wilting to the young of the cucumber beetle. There are also root feeders, prominent among which may be mentioned white grubs which might cause the trouble. The cucumber beetles upon the plants can be driven away or killed by dusting the same tho- roughly with land plaster, ashes, or any such dry material or, better still, spraying with a poisoned Bordeaux mixture, making the application rather thick, so that the insects may be warded off to a considerable extent. Those that persist in attempt- ing to feed will undoubtedly succumb to the poison. Still another insect, the tarnished plant bug, may produce wilting of the stems and is about the size of the striped cucumber beetle, but its work is confined almost entirely to the tips of the young growth. New York. E. P. FEtt. APRIL, 1909 The Charm of Outdoor Surroundings is much enhanced when art is joined with nature. What can be done along these lines is suggested in an attractive, illus- trated booklet, “Outdoor Surroundings —How to Beautify Them,’’ which will be sent to anyone on request. It alsotells why our nursery stock is the hardiest, best-shaped on the market and how our care in planting wide apart and often transplanting, produces large, handsome specimens. Our reputation has been built on the quality of our stock. Wecan furnish fullest, plumpest shrubs and vines, well developed shade trees, from saplings to matured trees 26 years old, in many rare varieties not found in ordinary nurseries. Furthermore, if desired, we will plant and guarantee growth. Over 850 varieties to select from. Nurseries located at Glen View, Illinois, in soil most conducive to growing vigorous trees—150 acres devoted to Shade and Ornamental Trees, Vines, Old Fashioned Perennials, Flowering Shrubs and Evergreens. Pleasing Landscape Effects We plan, estimate and exe- cute landscapeworkfor estates, public and private parks, cemeteries, etc. Write for full particularsand the booklet, ““Outdoor Surroundings —How to Beautify Them.’’ State alsoif price list is desired. SWAIN NELSON & SONS COMPANY 944 Marquette Bldg. hicago. PAGE FENCE Quarter-Centennial or “‘Jubilee Year.”” Write for Jubilee Catalog—F REE The oldest Woven Wire Fence on the market is_now celebrat- ing its * ‘Jubilee Year.’”’ A hand- some ‘Jubilee Edition’’ Fence ft Book has been issued for wide- # spread distribution. 2 Gives the wonderful history of Page Fence—tells how it is made of genuine High-Carbon, Basic Open- Hearth Steel, in Page ills and Factories. Explains the remarkable elasticity and resiliency of the wires. Shows how Page Fence is woven on Page Looms into the most enduring wire fence the world has ever known. Fully illus- trated. Handsomely printed and bound. A book every reader of this paper should own. Don’ t buy fence at any price until you read the “Jubilee Edition’’ Page Catalog. Send now?! PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Box 838 Adrian, Mich, W hat 7. ] tal L eal THE GAR IDBN WOE NZ ION In poe ine cee 171 There’s no dark room with a KODAK TANK | Every step is simple and easy but, more than that, it | means better pictures. The success of the tank develop- ment idea has now been absolutely proven by the fact I that many leading professional photographers, although i! they have every dark room convenience, use our tank ij system of development for all of their work. If tank development is better for the skilled professional, there’s i no question about it for the amateur. The Experience is in the Tank. i| Ask your dealer, or write us for our booklet, ‘‘ Tank Development.”’’ It tells about the | modern methods of developing Cartridge Films, Premo Film Packs and Glass Plates. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, ROCHESTER, N. Y., The Kodak City, For Liquor and j Drug Using | A scientific remedy which has been skilfully and successfully administered by medical specialists for the past 29 years AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES. Portland, Me. Buffalo, N. Y. Pittsburg, Pa Grand Rapids, Mich., White Plains, N. Y. 4246 Fitth Ave, 265 8S. College Av. Portland, Oregon. Providence RK. I. Kavsas City, Mo. Philadelphia, Pa. Toronto, Ont., Canada. St. Louis, Mo. 812 N. Broad St. Winnipeg. Manitoba. Manchester, N. H. Harrisburg, Pa. London, England. Dwight, Ill. icon ee a. West Haven, Conn. See nes Ta. Washington, D. C., Crab Orchard, Ky. 211 N. Capitol St. Lexington, Mass. Hot Springs, Ark. Denver, Col. Roses All Summer in Canada N OTTAWA, there are five months of ice and snow and a mercury that plays for weeks at twenty below zero and occasionally dips to thirtv-ive. Here also the summers are full of scorching days and chilly nights—and bugs galore. Still I manage to grow roses and people have been kind enough to tell me that they are wonderful. Nor am I the only one in this far latitude who cultivates the rose. ‘There are hun- dreds of charming rose bushes in Ottawa outside of my garden fence. And what kind of roses do I grow? General’ Jacqueminot, Magna Charta, Paul Neyron, Baroness Rothschild? Yes, of course. What rosarian would be without these? Anyone, any- where can grow the roses mentioned; they are beautiful and I would not be without them, but I retain them in my garden for the glory they bring in June and in the autumn. With me the craze is for roses every day the summer long. A garden of flowerless rose bushes is an unlovyely sight. So in my garden all summer is perpetual bloom —the bloom of hybrid teas. I have not many varieties, but I have the best that are suitable to this climate. It gives me regret to say that, save the Persian, I have not succeeded with any yellow rose. However, as I cannot grow oranges or bananas I don’t see why I should waste time in trying to grow yellow roses; oranges, bananas, and yellow roses belong only to the sunny South. Among my roses I scarcely have a favorite. In each one I see some special loveliness. Kil- larney sometimes seems perfection, and yet when I turn to Caroline Testout alongside, I see a lovely {rion he VI tb The Killarney rose, of exquisite pink color, rivals La France in fragrance THE GARDEN MAGAZINE rose in truer pink. Then again Belle Siebrecht shows me the truest pink of all. In the honors for fragrance Killarney and La France are the great rivals, still sometimes I am not sure but that the magnolia scent of the virgin Kaiserin does not please me most. Beside a Kaiserin I have placed a Souvenir du President Carnot, and often have I stood over their blooms trying to decide which was superior. The Carnot with its fleshy-white tints and its long perfect buds seems the acme of perfection, but the soft chaste beauty of the Kaiserin is unmatchable. In every rose there is some special trait or some different charm. But if, perchance, some cruel fate should ordain A fence of wire netting can be beautified by roses trained over it that of all my roses one only should be retained in my garden, I think then i would turn to Kil- larney, but the tears would be in my eyes. Besides the roses mentioned, I have in my garden Viscountess Folkestone, Madame Abel Chatenay, Gruss an Teplitz, Grace Darling, Etoile de France, Florence Pemberton, Frau Karl Druschki, Madame Gabriel Luizet, the Cochet roses, the Philadelphia and Crimson Ramblers, the climbers — Cumber- land Belle, Ruby Queen, Prairie Queen, Dorothy Perkins — and the best of the hybrid perpetuals. In the latter class my greatest success has been with Captain Hayward, Mrs. John Laing, Charles Lefebvre, Ulrich Brunner and Baroness Rothschild. I have had no unusual trouble with my roses. Of course, every rosarian knows that you can’t have roses without trouble. I have yet to see the rose without its bugs and caterpillars or its black-spot or mildew. ‘These things are the hoodoo of the rose garden, the things that make the rosarian’s life miserable —if he lets them. Nor is there any short, effective way to overcome these pests. ‘The only way is the hard and sure way —the watch- and-work way. Here in Ottawa the notorious rose bug is a rare visitation, but we have other bugs as big and hungry as he, though perhaps not quite as fond of arsenic or hellebore. By spraying my bushes every other night with a stiff spray of water from a hose I manage to keep down the insect pests. Sometimes I have to use bodily force to eject some particularly big and tenacious offender. The disease called the black-spot is not serious in this locality and is ignored. Perhaps mildew is the worst trouble afflicting the rose hereabouts. Last year was distressfully bad in this respect and I was reluctantly obliged to keep some of my rose bushes almost continually covered with flowers of sulphur. Sulphur applied in this way acts as an effective check in the spread of the annoying fungus. A rose-bush covered with sulphur is not a pretty sight, but it’s better than a dead one. The great test for roses in this latitude is the win- ter; protection for the teas and hybrid teas is an absolute necessity. If a rosarian in this climate can bring his hybrid teas safely through the winter —and it can be done —he will have less trouble with this class of roses during the growing season, for their tough, leathery foliage renders them peculiarly immune to attacks of insects and disease. After the first hard frost in November I cover the rose beds with about six inches of stable manure. Later on, when the leaves have fallen from the stems, J bend down the branches, where practicable, and peg them close to the ground. Between the first and tenth of December I wrap each bush in APRIL, 1909 straw. I remember how I shivered for hours last December as I first shoveled the snow away from around each rose, wrapped each bush warmly in straw, and then tenderly laid them down for their long night’s sleep. Growing roses in this part of Canada is a rather perilous undertaking — perilous of success. Yet I and many others have succeeded. But we have to work for our roses. Up here the forces of nature work against the success of the rose-grower, but the man with roses in his heart goes about his business with tight-set lips, and by and by he gets a garden of wondrous roses laughing at those same nature forces. Ottawa. E. R. Pansies the Year Round PAs plants blooming at midsummer, and being either in bud or full flower every month of the year with the exception of January and February, are almost unheard-of possibilities, but we succeeded in obtaining such results and without a coldframe, too. The plants were from ordinary seed sown in the spring (March rst) in the open ground. The soil was rich and the plants had partial shade. They < eee Irs i : a Pansy “‘faces’? by the thousand will appear in a bed containing about a dozen plants received frequent doses of water and liquid manure to increase the size and brilliancy of the flowers. No seed pods were allowed to ripen on the plants, as this would have shortened the blooming season. During part of the remarkably long flowering period, we had only scattering bloom because the plants were kept pruned in order to give the best results during the cool seasons. We gave the plants a protection of manure and straw from December to March. At the end of the following May, after the plants had flowered for two months and the blossoms had begun to run small, we removed all branches as long as eight inches, and by June 26th the plants were again in full flower. ‘The next day they were picked clean and slightly pruned, but in less than a week they were once more covered with flowers. On July 8th, during severely hot weather, we pruned again, taking off branches six inches or more in length, and covering the plants with loose hay to protect them from the sun. They sent up buds promptly and continuously, but these were nipped off in order to keep the strength of the plants for fall bloom. On August oth one plant had two dozen buds. The following week the plants came into full bloom, and in order to still hold them in check until cool weather it was necessary to prune back once again. The size and number of the flowers were as surprising as their persistency. One, picked after several hot, dry days, was seven inches in circum- ference. We had only about a dozen plants, but they yielded thousands of flowers. At the height of the season in May, we picked 250 from three plants; on June 20th, about three weeks after pruning, we picked 106, and on August 22nd, 120 flowers and buds. Many hundreds of blossoms, of which no actual count was taken, were picked during the nine or ten months these little plants insisted on blooming. New York. I. M. AncELL. Ban. APRIL, 1909 4p H EK G A R D E N M A G A Ms J N E property? Ask the Readers’ Service 173 | How to Improve Your Home Surroundings Banish the unsightly, inconvenient net-work of clothes lines and poles which now disfigure your yard or lawns. No matter how orderly you arrange the lines or hang your wash the result is still very objectionable to any self-respecting home. Every woman desires to avoid the unsightly appearance of a miscellaneous wash—yet the clothes must be aired and dried. What is she to do? Why simply get a HILL CLOTHES DRYER For Lawn, Balcony or Roof The Hill Dryer isa rotary clothes line. Instead of being spread all over the lawn and supported by numerous poles, the lines are strung on ribs on a revolving reel—so compact that 100 to 150 feet of line covers a diameter of less than 14 feet. Neat, Compact, Convenient Your whole wash is hung while you stand in one place-- every line within easy reach. No need to dig paths in the snow or walk on wet grass carrying heavy basketsful of clothes up and down the yard. The Hill Dryer isset up in an inconspic- uous place near the house—leaving the yard clear of all lines and poles. Sheets hung on outside lines hide the garments which in- vite comment by the public—a feature every modest woman is quick to appreciate. Think of the bother and work a Hill Dryer saves—the rad- ical improvement it makes, Top part folds up like an um- brella so Dryer can be taken apart and taken in, leaving lawn entirely clear of obstructions. What a contrast with old-style always-in-the-way clothes lines, Get Our Big Free Folder and Special Trial Offer which completely describes and illustrates this greatest of modern household conveniences. Just write a postal and say ““Send me folder 39.’ You'll find it very easy to geta Hill Dryer. Write today. HILL DRYER COMPANY 359 Park Ave. Worcester, Mass. The Old, Unsightly, Clothes Line Way. has been made by hundreds of people operating the “American ” Drilling Machines There is no business in the world where a few hun- dred dollars investment, combined with a little energy, will obtain a competency so surely or quickly as the operation of an “American” Well Machine. 40 years’ expe- | rience and 59 regular styles and sizes make \, them tne world’s standard. Complete New Catalog FREE The American Well Works Gen’] Office & Works, Aurora, Ill. First National Bank Building, Chicago REINECKE, WAGNER PUMP & SUPPLY CO., PITTSBURG, PA. What is a fair rental for a given Paint Talks No. 3— “Spring Painting” Spring is the time when most of the painting is done. Nature is brightening all around and the impulse is to make houses and barns and fences bright and in harmony with the new leaves and blossoms. |Painting Outfit This is good economy. You not only make things spick and span, but Free you save your property and make it more valuable. We have prepared a Only. you must use good paint—pure White Lead and linseed oil. Hele packass of nines See that it is put on your building pure. Otherwise, you fail to more Srp One Hanion tee than temporarily beautify and fail utterly in preserving the painted things. |ca!l House-owners’ The Dutch Boy Painter trade-mark is the thing to look for when you |[,nuing Outi V. buy paint materials—it is on the side of pure White Lead kegs. Ask for fe Booldoticolor it, insist on having it. schemes (state 0 Sree F whether you wish A few more points on your painting: Refuse absolutely to let the work be done in wet interior or exte- weather, or when moisture is on or under the surface. Give your painter plenty of time yioy schemes). __ between coats—make him take several days between. Don’t insist on using a tint which a 2—Specifications good painter tells you is perishable. White Lead is very durable for all kinds of material, but if the tinting material fades out, the job is spoiled. A chain Painting. is no stronger than its weakest link. Pee pena Ask your painter about our White Lead (Dutch Boy Painter Trade for detecting Mark). Also, your dealer has it. adulteration in ie ; ra & paint material, Read about our ‘‘ House-owners’ Painting Outfit’? 23- . with directions for using it. NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY Free on request to any reader who asks for House-owners’ Paint- Ax office in each of the following cities: ing Outfit V, .. New York Boston Buffalo Cincinnati Chicago Cleveland St. Louis Philadelphia (John T. Lewis & Bros. Company) Pittsburgh (National Lead and Oil Company Dy Buy Dire — ill} saving all expenses and profits of the dealer. ii Elkhart Buggies and Harness have been sold direct from our factory to the user for thirty-six years. We are The Largest Manufacturers in the World selling to the consumer exclusively. We ship for examination and approval, guaranteeing safe delivery. No cost to you if not satisfied as to style, quality and price. Over 200 styles of Vehicles and 65 styles of Harness. Send for free catalog. ELKHART CARRIAGE & HARNESS MFG. CO} ELKHART, INDIANA The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard lo schools THE GARDEN MAGAZINE MAULE’S ~ SEEDS ONCE GROWN ALWAYS GROWN Is the reason why for many years past I have done such an enormous seed business. 63,242 customers in Penn- sylvania alone, with almost half a million the world over My New Seed Book for 1909 is a wonder It contains everything in seeds, bulbs and plants worth growing. Weighs 10 ounces, costs 5 cents to mail,contains over 600 illustrations. First edition 350,000 copies. Any gardener can have it for the asking Address Wm.Henry Maule 1711 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. If you mention Gardex1 Magazine I will enclose a packet of pansy illustrated herewith free of charge Roses For Flowers This Year Voc can pick roses from June until late fall if you now plant the right kinds in the proper way in the right soil. The Hybrid Perpetual roses are the hardiest, giving large blooms beginning, in the open ground, in June, and continuing until well into July; and in some few cases, a few flowers appear off and on throughout the rest of the season. Hybrid Teas and ‘Teas are more tender, but continue blooming from about the end of June until the weather condi- tions in late fallstopthem. ‘These three groups em- brace all the large-flowered roses grown for cutting. All roses require much the same kind of soil and location. Plant where they will get sunlight, in rich, deep, well-drained soil, and if the soil is not already rich, make it so by digging in a layer, two or three inches in depth, of manure from the cow barn. This is the best kind of manure, because of its superiority in furnishing nutriment, and also for its retention of moisture and cooling properties. If the place is much exposed provide some protection— a hedge of privet or Japanese barberry planted far enough from the roses to prevent the roots of the hedge plants encroaching on the feeding ground of the roses, will answer very well. If, when the roses are received, the soil is too wet or through any other cause they cannot be planted immediately, they should be unpacked, on arrival, and if the roots are bare of soil, laid in a trench, covering the roots with soil, and watered, sprinkling the wood also. Pot plants should be unpacked and set in some cool, sheltered place indoors or out, and watered. Hybrid Perpetual roses produce larger flowers if last year’s wood is well cut back. Wood that is weakly should be cut back to within two or three inches of the older wood; strong growths can be left a foot long. Hybrid Teas need only have decayed wood cut away. Most roses are either budded or grafted on stocks of common or wild roses, and unless care is taken shoots will develop from the stock to the ultimate destruction of the good rose. To prevent this plant so that the union is about two inches below the surface. Set the plants eighteen inches apart in holes dug with a spade or garden trowel, first cutting off all broken roots just behind the point of injury, evenly spreading out the remaining roots, and coy- ering firmly with soil. It is not necessary to break up the ball of earth around roots of pot-grown plants, but it is most important to firm the soil around it. After growth starts water freely, espe- cially the Hybrid Perpetuals just before coming into bloom —you can hardly give too much water. The easiest to apply and most satisfactory preven- tive of insect attacks is hellebore powder dusted on the foliage at frequent intervals throughout the summer. Do it in the early morning, or when the foliage is damp. Roses from the following lists can be planted early in April with the assurance of obtaining beautiful flowers this year. HYBRID PERPETUALS Alfred Colomb, red; Captain Christy, tinted white; Captain Haywood, carmine; Duke of Edin- burgh, vermillion; Victor Verdier, rose; Mrs. John Laing, pink; Prince Camille de Rohan, velvety crimson; Frau Karl Druschki, pure white; Gen. Jacqueminot, scarlet; Paul Neyron, dark rose; Baroness Rothschild, pale rose; Anna de Diesbach, carmine pink; Ulrich Brunner, cherry red; Mabel Morrison, white; Magna Charta, bright pink; Mme. Gabriel Luizet, pink; Margaret Dickson, white; Gloire de Margottin, red; Clio, flesh: color; Hugh Dickson, brilliant crimson; Mrs. Sharman Craw- ford, rosy pink; Marie Bauman, crimson. HYBRID TEAS Bessie Brown, cherry crimson; Caroline Testout, bright rose; Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, white; Kil- larney, brilliant pink; Mildred Grant, blush white; Irish Elegance, orange red; Antoine Rivoire, rose on yellow ground; Betty, ruddy gold; Gruss an Teplitz, brilliant red; Souvenir du President Carnot, rose and white; Belle Siebrecht, satiny rose; Etdile de France, crimson; Dean Hole, silvery carmine; Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, flesh color; Maman Cochet, pink; Maman Cochet, white. New York. D. McIntosa. as directe APRIL, 1909 PEARLINE SUDS| ERE THERE'S ‘SUDS, THERE'S SOAP. | Many washing powders con- ta no Soap—they ought to. ‘@ Most Women use a Pow- der of some sort. Some men use Soap with Soap Powders or Washing Pow- ‘ders; how can they tell the value of the Powder? Use | -PEARLINE alone, it needs no Soap; all the Soap that's necessary is there. The Suds will be Richer, Better, Safer, more Effective than any mixed product. It’s a Waste ‘to use Soap with PEAR- LINE, for PEARLINE will have done the work before the Soap begins to take hold. @ TRY PEARLINE with- : ut Soap, Soda, Borax, Naph- , Kerosene; TRY IT without help of any sort and : yo be Washing leaning Scientifically, uickly, Thoroughly, nd Healthily. | saves Wo- APRIL, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE CUSHION RUBGEREUTTON = HOSE SUPPORTERS WORN ALL OVER THE WORLD % eS DURABLE STYLISH * COMFORTABLE WEBS FRESH FROM THE LOOMS ] METAL PARTS HEAVY NICKEL PLATE|| THe A THIS GUARANTY ak COUPON-In Yellow Button IS ATTACHED THIS WAY Xe 1S GUARANTEED TO DEALER AND USER TO EVERY PAIR OF THE GENUINE— BE SURE IT’S THERE. Sample Pair, Mercerized 25c., Silk 50c. ||AS4INST IMPERFECTIONS Mailed on receipt of price TEE BUGTGIG AND GEORGE FROST COMPANY, Makers |#|LOOPSARELICENSED BOSTON FOR USE ON THIS HOSE SUPPORTER WEAR LONGER THAN OTHERS ONLY. A WOMAN FLORIST Hardy Everblooming R ALL WILL BLOOM c OSES “tus suNMER Sent to any address post-paid; guaran- teed to reach you in good growing condition. GEM ROSE COLLECTION Enchantress, white and buff. Bouquet of Gold, golden yellow. Queens Scarlet, dazzling crimson. Duchess de Brabant, grandest pink. Snowflake, pure white. La Detroit, bright flesh. SPECIAL BARG AINS — 6 Carnations, the ‘* Divine Flower,” all colors, > 25¢. 6 Prize-winning Chrysanthemums, 25¢. 6 Beautiful Coleus, - = Bee. 3 Grand Orchid Cannas, - 8 Sweet-Scented Tuberoses, 6 Fuchsias, all different, ro Lovely Gladiolus, - Io Superb Pansy Plants, - 15 Pkts. Flower Seeds, all different, - Any 5 Collections for $1, Post-paid. Guarantee satisfaction. Oncea | customer, always one. Catalog Free. Miss Ella Y. Baines, Box 96, Springfield, Ohio. LADIOLUS ‘ie 200 for 25c Do you love flowers? I do and I want every one to have plenty. My special hobby is the Gladiolus, and I have one of the finest collections in the world. I have nearly 1,000 varieties, many of them 6 inches across— ¢ . every color of the rainbow— will grow anywhere. Just for a Starter Send me 25c and I will mail you 200 bulblets of my finest varieties (1,000 for $1.00) postpaid, with full cultural in- structions. Some will bloom this year, and all will make large bulbs which will bloom and multiply next year. Large bulbs ready to bloom, 30c per dozen. Rare varieties more. Field’s Seed Book Free I wrote it myself—20 years experience 8 in it—just what you want to know about flowers—farm and garden seeds. Tells how Itest and guarantee them tomake good. Write today before the bulbs and books are gone. HENRY FIELD SEED CO. ; Box 101 Shenandoah, Iowa. Vis EE | HIGH-BRED NITROGEN If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance YOU WANT To raise the finest crop of Peas, Beans and Sweet Peas Vou evcmnade | lehat oes without saying. ‘Then moisten your seed or spray the soil with— FARMOGERM By High-Bred we mean that through careful selec- tion and scientific breeding we are producing nitrogen gathering bacteria that are much more active than those at first found on roots of leguminous plants and are therefore capable of giving the very best results in the shortest space of time. GATHERING BACTERIA The Bacteria in Farmo- germ, which adhere to the seeds when you moisten them, increase by the mil- lionsin the plant roots. They at once begin to draw nitro- gen from the air, making it available to the growing plants, and in addition stor- ing immense quantities of nitrates in the soil for future crops of other kinds. FOR LEGUMES Such as Peas, Beans, Sweet Peas, Alfalfa, Clover, Vetch, etc., these bacteria are very essential to make strong, healthy plants, and for permanently enriching the soil by adding nitrogen, the most vital element necessary to the growth of all crops. Farmogerm is— SENT TO YOU Ina srocially sealed bottle with simple instructions for using. It re- quires very little extra work to inoculate the seeds, for Farmogerm will come to you all— READY TO USE Simply by adding a little water and sprinkling’ on the soil or— ON YOUR SEEDS Starta Thick Hardy Lawn. By sowing some white clover seed inoculated with Farmogerm you can establish a thick, rich lawn that will resist drought. A Garden size of Farmogerm is put up in a mixed culture good for peas, beans and sweet peas. The White Clover is put up in Garden size also. Write for Free Book No. 14 which explains why $2.00 worth of Farmogerm establishes in the soil as much nitrates as would cost $25.00 through the use of Nitrate of Earp-Thomas Farmogerm Soda. Also see reports from many of those who used Farmogerm with such success last year. Order from this Advertisement if you want to plant very soon or if you want to spray the crop you have planted. In either case be sure to mention the crop for which you want Farmogerm. Garden Size, 50c. Acre Size, $2.00. For Sale By All Leading Seed Houses Co. Bloomfield, N. J. by inclosing your grounds with the strongest, most or- namental and durable fence on the market. ‘This illus- tration can give you buta faint idea of the beauties of Lawn Fence It has all theadvantages of any other form of fence with- out their disadvantages, andis made in several sizes and styles to meet all requirements. Complete illustrated catalogue mailed on request. Kindly ask for Catalogue D. SLEETH-BROOK & SEAMAN CO. 253 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY i = spray them. 6 The Making and Care of an Old-fashioned Hardy Border— Continued Carein Summe sis nothing so beneficia move more freely thro weather, or when it is moisture and in keepir pose. , Early in summ time. * It is hardly po ‘out their aid ; still, su Winter Care.—About t! the soft growth has been ki oughly ripened, the old hard burned up. -It will then be a top-dressing of loose stab) covering of leaves—Nature’ plied when the ground Is in done; two or three inches spr4 A deeper covering would ing ‘early spring with a liability hurry to cover the plants, a) extreme cold weather begins moyed by degrees, allowing a have made to gradually hardg only a few days, after which sunshine, and the litter or cova winter may be raked up and r Re Planting.—It is all no ananged hardy border, in whl enfly-flowering varieties open through the summer until lata Windflowers, Pompone Chry 4am _ We are continually adding coll¢ction in the country. Cultivation is of the simples fertilizer, such as well decom be set as early in the season « in, keeping the ground well miateriat, which will keep them will. be as good for this purpdie A covering of manure shou care need be viven, the occasime of many species, and the di needed; a Many not thoroughly fam: factory returns the first season size will, in nearly every case offered in this catalogue 1s po 4 2 Drainage —Every pot ma to have something in the wavim soi], through which surplus in the bottom becomes closed and the soil is soon soured by and anything that interleres w ally destroy the plant unless t An inch of drainzge is enoug inch pot three is not too m proportiofately. Old flower as Jarge as a Walnut, make ex gravel can be used if there 1s anything, in fact, that will not Jt is a good plan to put a lay over the drainage material bh prevent thé latter from bein cracks and crevices through drain off. A piece of sod wil at hand. ill lend thems Ecurally support a nce the plants get broken down or allowed to get “ imer work in the garden.is often = iidered a matter of small import. la workman-like manner is mos. may not have the materials ath The Readers’ Service will give you information about ilionidbales THE GARDEN MAGAZINE APRIL, 1909 ing season careful attention should be given if best results are to be obtained. Theré wn around the nlants and raking the cround into order aqain; it allows the air to by a =n 2 check. During hot, dry 3 i Sneficial in retaining the lent material for this pur- should be taken up in “ grown naturally with- ire small, In this way grow irent, and, while fully sympathizir iecessary to perform this work in ! essful cul t all time so be ren oft ag la ay! Respectfully yours, a W, C. Ecan. UST read what the following eminent horticul- tural authorities—entirely unsolicited—say about our different kind of catalogue. Will give you a better idea than anything we could write of the brand- new features in Dreer’s Garden Book for 1909. We have received hundreds of other letters just as flattering: Iam in receipt of your Catalogue for t909. It is far and away the finest and most practical Garden Book of the season. I think you will find it just what most amateur gardeners need. You ask for suggestions for its improvement. The only suggestion I would make along this line is to add more cultural notes to future editions, thus making it of permanent value, and making it un- necessary for the amateur to invest money in books on floriculture. In advising this, I am talk- ing against my own interests, for such a catalogue would interfere with the sale of my own books, but I am frank in answering your question. EBEN E. REXFORD. Many thanks for the beautiful Catalogue. _ It is by far the best I ever saw, and in the course of seventy years I have seen many. The instructions are so varied and so plain—and about all the plants I wanted so much to know. MRS. C. P. DENSON, Raleigh, N. C. JOHN E. HAND & SON, Florists, Center Moriches, N. Y., write: We wish to thank you for the catalogue we have just received. It is well worth the price of any of the standard works on horticulture. Iread your Garden Book last evening, and find it the most complete of any similar work ever published. Were a novice—imbued with a love for gardening, imprisoned on a desolate island, and shut out from all communications with the outside world—given your Book and any of the seeds and plants described therein that he desired, he could soon turn that island into a paradise. No question cquld come up but what your book would answer. , W. C. EGAN, “‘Egandale,” Highland Park, IIl. I have the copy of your Garden Book which you so kindly sent me, and find within its pages much that is instructive in the amount of information so simply set forth as to be intelligible to every one. The illustrations are excellent, and the improved varieties of perennials and annuals make one long for the coming of Spring, that they may have a place in the garden. Very cordially yours, HELENA RUTHERFURD ELY. Author of “A Woman’s Hardy Garden.” Tam in receipt of your 1909 Garden Book, and want to say it is one of the finest Catalogues that reaches our office. It sets forth ina very educational way a great number of flowering plants, both exotic and perenniai. Again thanking you for the same, I am, Very truly yours, J. W. RODGERS, Supt. of Parks, Cincinnati, O. I beg to acknowledge, with thanks, receipt of your 1909 Catalogue, which, as usual, is full of interest. 1 note with approval, your introduction of cultural notes, which isa step in the right direction. Yours very truly, IDA D. BENNETT, Author of ‘“The Flower Garden” and ““The Vegetable Garden.” We will, if you mentzon “ Garden Magazine,” mail you free a copy f * Dreers Garden Book”—the new kina of Seed, Plant and Bulb Catalogue. HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION Don’t wait until your fruit trees are full of San Jose Scale before you Get bisy now and keep off the pests by thoroughly spraying with a strong solution of Good’s tained in it enrich the soil. Stations and by the U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Write to-day for free booklet. ‘*A Pocket Manual of Plant Diseases.” JAMES GOOD, Original Maker 931 N. Front Street Caustic Potash S N 3 Whale Oil oap O. solb. keg, $2.50; roolb. keg, $4.50; larger quantities proportionately less. Sure death to all enemies of trees and plant life. Protects vegetables, grapes, berries, flowers and small fruits. Contains no hing to injure trees, plants or shrubs, but fertilizes them. The potash and fish oil con- Used and endorsed by State Experiment HIGHEST GRADE SEED S WE GROW HIGHEST GRADE WE SELL Ask us for a copy of our 1909 catalogue. It will tell you about the Seeds we sell and our prices. Mailed free. H. E. FISKE SEED CO., 12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square, Boston, Mass. Send for our Jong” Seeds, Bulbs and Plants Catalogue of Dahlias a Specialty MILLS & CO. Mamaroneck, N. Y. 1840 1909 Old Colony Nurseries HARDY SHRUBS, TREES, VINES EVERGREENS AND PERENNIALS A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants grown in sandy loam. Good plants; best sizes for planting; very cheap. Priced catalogue free on application. T. R. WATSON Plymouth, Mass. Philadelphia | What One Class Accomplished MES schools in the vicinity of Washington, D. C., have included gardening in the course of studies. Each year some available land in the neighborhood of the schools is divided into small plots, the scholars being assigned their own individ- ual part of, or a whole, plot. During the spring and summer the gardening lessons continue, even though school is closed for the vacation period, and the accompanying photographs show what excellent results have been obtained by one class. Each child becomes intensely interested in the work, and regrets when the season ends and gardening is over for another year. Vegetables as well as flowers are grown, and rec- ords are kept of the season’s work. The crops are estimated at current market prices and show a really remarkable return for the amount of labor expended. Washington, D. C. Vv. W. Land near a country school, converted into a pro- ductive vegetable garden by the school children One of the older boys and two of his assistants hoeing and weeding A school garden in the early stages of develop- ment. Each child is allotted a certain amount of ground to cultivate APRIL, 1909 THE A Wonderful Insect Killer Write for our free book on leaf-eating insects and the most effective method of saving fruit, vegetables, trees. One season’s test will prove that eacnate of Lead is an insecticide absolutely without a peer. It is fatal to all leaf-eating insects, bugs and worms. It does not injure the most delicate foliage, and is most convenient to apply. It sticks firmly to leaves, and so saves re-spraying. It is endorsed by the highest prac- tical and scientific authorities. Write for book to-day. In writing, give us name of your dealer. MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO. 59 Broad St. ; Boston, Mass. WE GROW PEONIES —NOTHING ELSE IS THE ONLY SEASON IN WHICH PEONIES SHOULD BE MOVED, AND WE ADVERTISE EXTENSIVELY THEN. MEANWHILE, KEEP IN TOUCH WITH US—WRITE US FREELY OF ANYTHING YOU MAY WANT TO KNOW ABOUT PEONIES. WE ARE TRUE PEONY SPECIALISTS— THE ONLY EXTENSIVE RETAIL GROWERS OF PEONIES EXCLUSIVELY IN AMERICA. CATALOG ON REQUEST. MOHICAN PEONY GARDENS BOX 300 SINKING SPRING, PENNA. FROM GROWER TO PLANTER Ellwanger & Barry’s TREES Shrubs, Roses Evergreens and Hardy Plants Are Famous The World Over Best stock at reasonable prices. No agents. Commissions saved. Collections unequalled. Beautiful illustrated catalogue mailed free on request. MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES Estasuisnen 1840 Box B , Rochester, N. Y. WE SHIP ONLY IN THE FALL—BECAUSE FALL The Readers’ Service will give you information about motor boats GARD KN MAGAZINE Made of wire that is all life and strength — wire that stretches true and tight and yields just enough under impact to give back every jolt and jam it receives. Made of materials selected and tested in all the stages from our own mines, through our own blast furnaces and rolling and wire mills, tothe finished product. Our employment of specially adapted metals is of great importance in fence wire; a wire that must be hard yet not brittle; stiff and springy yet flexible enough for splicing—best and most durable fence material on earth. To obtain these and in addition apply a quality of gal- vanizing that will effectually protect against weather conditions, is a triumph of the wiremaker’s art. Thesearecombined in the American and Ellwood fences—the product of the greatest mines, steel producing plants and wire mills in the world. And with these good facilities and the old and skilled employes back of them, we maintain the highest standard of ex- cellence possible for human skill and ingenuity to produce. Dealers everywhere, carry- ing styles adapted to every purpose. See them. American Steel & Wire Co. LONG ISLAND’S FAMOUS NURSERY ONE HUNDRED ACRES OF THE FINEST SPECIMENS E HAVE just issued the third edition of our NURSERY BOOK, giving accurate and trustworthy descriptions of the stock, and containing valuable information on the planting and care of trees and shrubs. This book is of great value to those especially interested in rare Evergreens, Rhododendrons and Japanese Azaleas. ucdea of Paris WHEN AND HOW TO PRUNE The pruning of one-year-old trees takes place , 5 in the spring after they begin to grow — not earlier Who because of the sufferings of his workmen from the use of — for trees prematurely cut back sometimes sprout old-style paints, introduced out below the bud. and no shoots will appear above it. Cut above the last bud (or wherever necessary OXIDE OF ZINC if the first bud is too low) to about fifteen inches, and leave about four or five branches three inches as a house-painting material. AA monument in his honor stands in length to each tree. If there happen to be only two limbs, cut off one close to the trunk and the : ; other at the height at which you want the tree in the Square des Epinettes. headed, so as to prevent the formation of a fork that Ce eeee : eee : will later prove ruinous. LeClaire’s invention made house-painting healthful to painters. During the second year (thelmese tenet It also transformed painting from hap-hazard to certainty. pruning peach trees) the tree must have enough 1: nee Ff : interior wood removed to give it a bundle shape, Durability, economy, beauty and convenience in paint came and the limbs cut back as evenly deemed with Oxide of Zinc. always above a bud that will force the new growth outward and not inward toward the axis of the tree. Saw or cut off the branches close to the limbs or trunk of the tree in order to prevent a snag which The New Jersey Zinc Co. will not heal over until the tree grows around its Oxide of Zinc is unalterable even base, during which time the snag is decaying. A under the blow pipe Does your paint contain zinc? National City Bank Building defect in the limb is thereby produced which may 55 WALL ST. NEW YORK cause it to break when subsequently loaded with fruit or sleet. : ‘ : : : The same pruning system is kept up during the We do not grind zinc in oil. A list of manufacturers of Oxide of Zinc Paints mailed on request. ‘aifindl aval eae nee nui ol cone decd on injured limbs are removed at any time. = = CUITING BACK THE TOP &¢ CU | AWAY 99 TOOLS Peach trees become “grown” after a certain length of time, depending on soil conditions, culti- Clark’s One Horse Market Garden or Grove Harrow is made re- ee en The fruit puss mc oe oneyew elt versible to throw the soil either toor from the plant. It is espe- wood so that new wood must be produced eac cially desirable for the small garden, truck or market garden’s use. year in order to secure fruit the following season. This tool is used extensively among gardeners, and in Florida When trees are “‘grown” it is out of the question it is also used for orchard culture. It’s a great labor saver. to cultivate or fertilize to force new wood, so the Maderinulhree Sinose top must be cut back in order to give the roots ; : : sufficient strength to again force fruiting wood. No. O, 1 horse with two gangs of 5 14 inch disks each. 5 3 No. OO, Light 2 horse, two gangs, 6 14 inch disks each. Such pruning will also tend toward keeping down No. OOO, Heavy 2 horse, two gangs, 7 14 inch disks each. brown rot by exposing the fruit to the sun, and Send today for our FREE booklet describing 120 styles and thereby hindering the development of the rot sizes of Cutaway Tools. spores. Professor L. C. Corbett, of the United States CUTAWAY HARROW CO. Department of Agriculture, gives the following 02 Main Street Higganum, Conn. Send to-day |for a copy of our free 1909 Seed Bulb and Lool Catalogue Japanese Garden F HINK of it bringing the Flowery Kingdom right at your door! Others are securing it, why not your Mail us ten cents, coin Or in stamps, and we will mail you free a large packet of semi-dwarf annua's of the most striking color, includ- ing hardy ornamental, variegated grasses; also our 1909 illustrated catalog included. | WM. ELLIOTT & SONS §f ‘4 AY VESEY ay See ee OES z hired Sete “It describes and tells you the best varieties to plant for the home gar- den or farm, and contains correct cultures to secure the best results. Get acquainted with four seeds and you will grow no other. A postal will bring the catalogue. M. H. BRUNJES & SON i When pruning ae Bey, ae an enough 1581 Myrtle Ave. Brooklyn, N. Y. of the interior wood to give the tree a bundle —- , shape APRIL, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 183 Eight Delightful Volumes for Children of All Ages “Parents will find this series good for all ages ”— Philadelphia Inquirer. “There is no question as to its lit- erary distinction and value.’’—New York Tribune. “An admirable juvenile library.”— Journal, Providence. ( “Provides a foundation for a good reference library.”—Chicago Post. “Delightful tales for young read- ers.” —The Gleaner, Detroit. “The cream of world-lore is here.”— Philadelphia Item. “All parents must feel that they owe a debt of gratitude to Mr. Mabie.”— Herald, Augusta. “Delightful, not only for children but for manyadults.”—Chicago Record- Herald. The Set Sent For Your Approval In order to make it possi- ble for every parent, and for everyone interested in chil- dren, to see this set, we will send it for your approval so you may pass your own judgment. Mail the coupon with one dollar. We will for- ward the eight volumes at once, carriage paid, and enter you for The World’s Work for a full year. Ifyou don’t agree with us return the books, carriage collect, and we will refund your first payment. The lib- rary is worth $12.00. The W orld’ s W orkisworth $3.00. You can have the $15.00 worth for $1.00 now and $1.00 a month for eight months. Sending the coupon puts you under no obligation what- ever but it does give you an oppor- tunity to see these delightful vol- umes. WRITE TO-DAY. “My opportunities in youth for acquiring an edu- cation were limited, but I had the great good fortune of being well supplied with useful books, and these gave me my start in life.’’—Danint WEBSTER. WOAOQAAy SASS «<4 wise mother and good books enabled me to succeed in life. She was very poor, but never too poor to buy the proper books for her children.’’—H®mNRy CLAY. The Every Child | Should Know Library | A Dollar Bill The World’s Work for| Brings Both a full year Gite All parents, and those interested in the education of children, know how difficult it is to secure just the right kind of reading for them. Childhood is the decisive period of life, for it is then that habits and tastes are formed that have most do with the development of character. In this library the work that you would do yourself, if you had the time, money and literary judgment, has been done for you by the best critics who have spent their lives in the study of literature and in whose opinion you may have perfect confidence. Hamilton Wright Mabie has edited “FAMOUS STORIES,” “FAIRY TALES,” “HEROES,” and “HEROINES.” . “BIRDS” isby . . . . Neltje Blanchan “WATER WONDERS” is by Jean M. Thompson “POEMS” is edited by . . Mary E. Burt “SONGS” is edited by . . Dolores Bacon There Are No Better Books for the Children This is the first time that a collection of such unusual merit has been offered at a price so low. ‘The editorial work that had to be done is enormous. The literature of the entire world has been drawn upon and the selections have been made from thousands of volumes. This set of books constitutes a complete library for a child, one in which pride will be taken and that will encourage the habit of good reading. We have decided to include with it, as an introductory offer, AFULL YEAR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO THE WORLD’S WORK. You may use both as a gift, send the magazine to a friend, or if you are already a subscriber, have your subscription extended. — Dovustepay, Pace & Co. 133 East 16th St., New York Gentlemen: I accept your offer and enclose $1.00 for which you are to enter me for a year’s subscrip- tion to The World’s Work and send me the “Every Child Should Know Library.” After examination I will either return the books to you or send you $1.00 a month for eight months. WRITE NAME AND ADDRESS BELOW y Are you going to refurnish a room ? 184 Write lo the Readers’ Service for hints Nature’s Own Finish— the smooth, rustic bark—that’s ove thing makes people like “Old Hickory” so—for Art abhors painted wood. Besides, it’s so wholly comfortable. No furniture made is so much the yvogue—so endurable—yet feels so good when you sit in it, as an “Old Hickory” chair. It breathes a spirit of the woods—a quiet hint of rest and perfect peace. To porch, lawn or library, its simple touch of nature lends charm and beauty. Its easy grace—its suggestion of the forest primeval—makes it the ideal furniture of true home lovers, For golf clubs, resorts, etc., as well as for homes in country or town, nothing suits so well as Old Hickory Furniture Famous places like ““Claremont-on-the-Hudson,” Old Faithful Inn, and the splendid West Baden Hotel, are fitted out with it. From early days, when pioneers made these chairs with their own hands, “Old Hickory” has found favor with the American people. Men of long ago—Clay, Calhoun and Webster—sat in chairs like these. Andrew Jackson liked his chair so well people nick- named him “Old Hickory.’ That’s our trademark, burned into every piece of furniture we make. We keep 7,000 acres of hickory trees growing all the time—that’s how we get the smooth, hard poles for legs and rungs. From bigger trees we peel the stout inside bark in long strips, strong and smooth as rawhide. This makes the easy, springy seats and backs, which we weave by hand. ; In some plantation homes down South “Old Hickory” chairs are stillin use after fifty years of service. Get “‘Old Hickory” in your home—learn what comfort Teally is. Write today for our Free Style Book, showing 150 types of “Old Hickory” and telling all about it. The Old Hickory Chair Co., Box B 4, Martinsville, Ind. MORRIS NURSERY COMPANY Specialties for Spring 1909 Rhododendron hybrids choice hardy vars. and colors 18-24” and 2-3’. Rhododendron maximum 1-8’ selected plants in car lots. Kalmia latifolia 1-5’ selected plants in car lots. Blue spruce Koster variety 4-5’ and 5-6’. Evergreens in assortment 1-6’. Cal. Privet 20-30’’; 2-3’ and 3-4’ X— all 2 yrs. old. Carolina poplars 10-12’, 13” dia. Azalea mollis 15-18” bushy plants well budded. Norway maples 10-12’, 13” dia. selected. Norway maples 12-14’, 2-23” dia. selected. Norway maples 14-16’, 24-3’’ selected. Box dwarf 5-6”. Box dwarf 6”. For our general stock write for our new edition of catalogue. Prices quoted upon receipt of list of wants. Correspondence solicited. MORRIS NURSERY CO., Sales Office, 1 Madison Ave., New York This tree might have been made low headed if properly pruned when one year old reasons for pruning: The removal of dead, dying or broken branches; the reduction of the annual growth for the purposes of correcting the habit of the plant and to reduce the crop in proportion to the tree; the removal of branches in order to prevent the breaking or disfigurement of the tree in later years; and the removal of branches and fruit spores for protection against infectious diseases. Georgia. S. W. COLE. Bacteria in Relation to Country Life. By Jacob G. Lipman. Macmillan Company, New York, 1908; pp. 486, 71 small figures. Price, $1.50 net. An excellent book which has long been needed. There is scarcely any important practical occupation of man in which beneficent or destructive bacteria do not help or hinder. This book explains the relation of germs, not only to public and private health, but also to the dairy industry, canning, bread-making, soil inoculation, fertility of the soil, and many other subjects. Roses and Rose Growing. By Rose G. Kingsley. Macmillan Company, New York, 1909; pp. 164, profusely illustrated. Price, $2.00 net. A book by a rose-growing amateur from the English standpoint, dealing entirely with roses in the garden and of garden effects. The practical details of planting the rose garden, pruning, and propagation are told minutely, with “how to” illustrations. The color plates of typical roses are remarkably life-like and true in color. Inas- much as the exhibition standpoint is disregarded by the author, we find abundant reference to the old-fashioned and garden roses, including the singles, briars and Wichuraiana hybrids. Ameri- can rose fanciers will find this book a really useful addition to their library. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE S. P. TOWNSEND @ CO. ‘ Orange, N. J. APRIL, 1909 TOWNSEND TOWNSEND GAVE TO THE WORLD The Ball-Bearing Lawn Mower Our mowers are more imitated than any others. We make more high-grade mowers than any other firm and they are all ball-bearing. They run easier than those of any other maker. We make the best Lawn Mower, the best Horse Mower and the best Hand Roller Mower inthe world. Men who cannot stop for a ainy day - will find the reatest comfort and free- dom of bodily movement . wi 3 = 4 a re a . x (BLACK OR YELLOW) IF NOT AT YOUR DEALERS __. SENT PREPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRIGE CATALOG *16 FREE ;

ee —Hardy Perennials of Flowering Size gorgeous hardy perennials. —Evergreens Worth the Planting —Bi ination Off Shatwer oe = Thomas [Meehan & Sons, Inc. and hundreds of others as interesting Box 17 Germantown, Phila. ‘ Pa. and valuable to the planter. The Thousands Who Have Used Cabot’s Shingle Stains have not done so hap-hazard. They have in- vestigated, calculated—and adopted. They ‘ 2 : have got beautiful coloring effects, with a S@emeeem@ull FIER] ERY # Ee A a | depth and richness impossible at paint, and ~ sie et «ie, E a= oe | at half the cost—50°% cheaper than paint. VEE ; a. = i Investigation costs a postal card ae | request ° for samples and catalogue. . 5 é Biase Se ie NR ae i Samuel Cabot, Inc., Sole Mfrs. ee ie Zgese ' eee f 1 Oliver Street BOSTON, MASS. 5 Clings so close, too, no lawn mower will cut it. Haven’t you spent hours trimming this grass with shears? The “Vertical” does this work better than can be done by hand, and as fast as a man can work. Used with our “Granite State” mowers, and our “Capitol Trimmer” it makes a combination “sreatly to be desired.” Patented in all foreign countries— patents pending in the United States. Send for Catalogue C. Price $4.50 THE GRANITE STATE MOWING MACHINE Co. Hinsdale, N. H. Manufacturers and erectors of high-grade Wrought Iron Railings and Wire FENCES have removed their offices to the Postal Tele- graph Building, 253 Broadway, New York City Correspondence solicited—Catalogues furnished Ae SPECIALTIES ‘| Tennis Court Enclosures, Unclimbable Mesh and Spiral Netting (Chain Link), Fences for Estate Boundaries, Industrial Properties, etc, Wire If a problem grows in your garden, write to the Readers’ Service for assistance THE GARDEN MAGAZINE APRIL, 1909 Wild Flowers Worth Improving Ill. THe PERENNIAL GENTIANS HILE the perennial gentians do not, as a rule, have the spectacular beauty of the fringed gentians, they are superior in two important respects — they are easy to grow, and are reasonably per- manent. There is no bother about sowing the seeds every year; they are not finical about soil; and a good mass effect can be worked up simply by dividing the clumps. What a great achievement it would be if some amateur plant breeder should succeed in crossing the annual and perennial gentians, so as to get the glorious beauty of the former with the ease of the culture of the latter! The closed or bottled gentian (Gentiana An- drews) has great interest of mever, or very rarely, opening. In this respect it is almost unique among gentians, and, indeed, among flowers in general. Many people have watched these “buds” daily for a fortnight or more expecting to see them open. The normal flowers are purple, but I have seen blue and white forms. ‘This species is often kept by nurserymen. It is to other gentians what the ostrich fern is among ferns —a beautiful species that anyone can grow. The handsomest of all. American gentians, in my estimation, is the downy gentian (G. puberula), because its dark, bluish-purple flowers seem to me more richly colored than any other species. I would not except even the fringed gentian. Unlike most of our perennial species, the flowers of the downy gentian open widely, and like other perennial species the flowers last a long while. It is one of the rarest plants in Southeastern Michigan and is ever the companion of that exceedingly rare and very handsome, but smallest of lilies, the true Lilium umbellatum. I have usually found it on Gentiana Andrewsti is unique among gentians in rarely, if ever, opening its buds SUMMER FLOWERING BULBS From the Growers Direct to the Planter Send for list of prizes FRANKEN BROTHERS DEERFIELD N 5) There are 24 varieties of Deming Sprayers—known wherever used as “The World’s Best”"—they are = the most carefully and skillfully hand-fitted pumps made—right there is the main reason 44 © they never fail to run easily and smooth- ,_ ly, with little or no wear. Our 1909 : Catalogue with Spraying Chart @ free. Add4cents postage and % get a book on Spraying. : THE DEMING SSS Hardy Flowers for $5 Arranged for Continuous Dis- play the Entire Season WRITE FOR LIST C.W. Schneider, Little Silver, N. J. OSTRICH FEATHERS DIRECT FROM THE FARM PRODUCER'S PRIOES WRITE POSTAL FOR FREE CATALOGUE AWSTON OSTRICH FARM P. oO. Box 128 South Pasadena, California Send 25 cents for sample copy of PALETTE and BENCH a new maga- zine for Teachers and Students of Oil and Water Colors and the Crafts. Endorsed by the leading art educators of the PALETTE }j ovo BENCH |j A MONTHLY MAGAZINE \\ for the county mroanectn® free. Free sample copy of ‘*‘ Keramic Studio” to those in- ART SCR ENE i] terested in China painting. Keramic Studio Pub. Co., 114 Pearl St., Syracuse, N. Y. FERNS A collection of choice, hardy ferns, (4 varieties), postpaid 25c. GEO. J. BECKER, Hartford, Mich. } CRAFTS } WADED: | | e. Ah it Cire eres CYCLONE Ornamental Fences, Gates, Arches, Vines, Trellis, Lawn Bor- ders are the best. Don’t buy until you have seen the Cyclone Catalog. Write forit to-day. THE CYCLONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO. 1231 E. 55th ST., CLEVELAND, OHf6 APRIL, 1909 Increase the Yield of Your Garden by using the IGOE TOMATO AND PLANT SUPPORTS. They will mean a more abundant crop of Tomatoes of superior quality, and more beauty and success of your heavily flowered plants, such as Peonies, Dahlias, Golden Glow, Chry- santhemums, etc. The Best and Strongest Support Made. |. REPAYS MADE THE COST STRONG MANY AND LIGHT TIMES OF HEAVY OVER IN GALVAN- A SINGLE IZED SEASON WIRE (=> PRICES: == Per Dozen, . . . $1.75 y l= - Per50, $7.00; per 100,$12.50 Send for Price List and Catalogue. IGOE BROTHERS 67-71 Metropolitan Ave. Brooklyn, N. Y. We MONTREAL M. MELON The largest and best flavored Musk Melon in existence. Grows to weigh as much as 20 pounds, and fetches $2.00 to $5.00each. GENUINESEED per package postpaid soc. with cultural directions. Donot confuse this variety with the Ameri- can variety. DUPUY & FERGUSON MONTREAL, CANADA THE GARDEN MAGAZINE What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service 195 Y/N —=—_—_ A Cure for Leaky Roofs ON’T waste time trying to patch a leaky roof! place is generally on the verge of leaking in many other places. The cheapest method of repair is to cover the whole roof with Amatite. Amatite costs so little that the entire job can frequently be done for the expense of caring for a leaky roof. After the old roof is covered with Amatite you will have no further Worry or expense. Most ready roofings require a coat of paint every two years to keep them in order. But Amatite is not the orvdmary kind of Ready Roofing. Amatite has a veal mineraz surface, firmly imbedded in the Coal Tar Pitch waterproofing. ‘This surface resists the attacks of the elements like a stone wall. f WITH OR SUN-DIALS was, ve PEDESTALS Send for illustrated price list H 29 HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. Chicago, Il. New York Office, 1123 Broadway A roof which leaks in one ° It demands no additional protection or covering, such as a coat of paint. Buying Amatite is the same as buying an ordinary ready roofing with an agreement from the dealer to keep it painted free of charge. Such an agreement on the ordinary roofing would double its value. You prac- tically get such an agreement with every roll of Amatite; yet the price is no greater than that of the ordinary kind. Send us your name and address, and we will forward you by return mail a free } sample of Amatite, and you can see how | tough, durable and substantial it is. Write to-day to nearest office. BARRETT MANUFACTURING Co., New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Cincinnati, Minneapolis, Cleveland, St. Louis, Pitts- burg, New Orleans, Kansas City. Beautify your Grounds with Flower- ing Shrubs, Hardy Perennials and Roses. Send for Catalogue of the SHATEMUC NURSERIES Barrytown Dutchess County, N. Y. ! I HAVE a new way of manufactur- ing and selling house paint that’s unique—that’s better. Before my plan, Paint was sold in two ways—either ready-made—or mixed by a local “painter. . Both these ways are at fault. Ready-made Paint settles hardin ~~ cans—and mineral pigments and chemical acting driers in ready-made paint eat the life out of Linseed Oil—which is the LIFE ofall paint. Painter-Made Paint can never be properly made by a painter—because of lack of OF: St. Louis, Mo. Two Full Gallons Free to Try O. Le GHASE, THE PAINTMAN, I Am the Paint Man Write Me For My New Paint BOOK —I also send Color Cards to Select from FREE Vou Pay No Freight to Try My Paint heavy mixing and grinding machinery. My Paint is ready to use —butnot ready-made. My Paint is made to order—after the order is received—packed in hermetically sealed cans—(extra size to insure a full gallon) and dated the day the paint is made. Pure Linseed Oiland pure, fresh paint ingredients are used in my Paint. Such materials found at local stores are usually adulterated. I sell my Paint direct from factory\to user—at very low factory prices. I pay freight on six-gallon orders or over. When the order of six gallons or over is received, use two full gal- lons to test it—and if you are not perfectly satisfied, in every particular, return the balance of the order to me—and the two gallons you have used shan’t cost you a penny. Dept, #7, No other paintmaker offers such a liberal proposition. I make three brands of Paint to suit the requirements of my immense trade. My strictly Pure All White Lead Paintis absolutely the best paint in the world. My 40-60 Brand Zinc and Lead Paintis the best paint in its class on the market. My Durability Painthasan immense sale everywhere, and is sold under five-year iron-clad guarantee. The Purity of my Paint is guaranteed under a forfeit of $100.00 in gold. Send for my beautiful Paint Book and Big Color Cards to select from—best Book—largest Cards ever published. They are FREE. With the Paint Book I send Free Book of all kinds of Painters’ Supplies, sold at Direct=to=You Prices. Write TODAY. My plan insures satisfaction and lowest prices. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI The Readers’ Service will give you infor- mation about leading hotels anywhere THE GARDEN MAGAZINE APRIL, 1909 lation, especially the and keeping. Universal Lawn Shears For Trimming Your Lawn Don’t Crawl around on your knees witha pair of sheep shears. It is easier to use the Uni- versal Lawn Shears. Operator stands erect, moving the handles cuts the grass in places where mower can’t travel. One blade remains stationary permitting its use against Buildings, Trees, Fences, Monuments, etc.; also handy for trimming vines and hedges. Adjustable to any angle without tools. Light in weight, strong, durable and mechanically perfect. Blades, oil tempered, will retain cutting edge indefinitely. 9 in. blade $2, 12 in. blade $2.50 Your dealer can supply you orwe will ship it prepaid on receipt of price. Write for circular. SWEET-CLARKE CO. tude. 157 Steele St., Jamestown, N. Y. ROW E’S GLOUCESTER BED HAMMOCK - For Porches, Verandas, Lawns, Tents and Indoor Use Combines Hammock, Couch and Swing Settee A third of a century’s experi ence shows that Rowe’s Hammocks can be depended on to give 10 years of continuous out-of-door service. From the model and of same weight canvas (white or khaki) as made by us for years for U.S. Navy. Strong wood frame, thick mattress. Holds six persons. Ideal for outdoor sleep- ing. Complete, with lines and hooks ready for hang- ing, delivery charges prepaid in North America, care- fully packed. Write for Descriptive Booklet about this most comfortable and durable piece of out- door furniture, and prices of different styles and sizes. E. L. Rowe & Son, Inc. , 464 Water St., Gloucester, Mass. This FREE BOOK means a Healthfully and Economically Heated Home — Send for Your copy- Its Free! Planning or Building a Home? Investigate carefully the methods of hygienic heating and venti- KELSEY Warm Air Generator for it is the only system that heats every room alike, economically, and also furnishes an abundance of fresh, pure air. about it here that we earnestly request you to send today for this instructive book ‘“The KELSEY Generator,’’ for it is worth having Over 25,000 KEIWSEY Generators are giving perfect service in American Homes, Schools and Churches. Our Book “Opinions” illus- trates 250 elegant homes. It will help you with yours. Mailed for two 2c. stamps. Kelsey Heating Co., 116 E. Fayette St., Syracuse, N. Y. So little can be told Why not in yours? There is probably a KELSEY Dealerin your locality. KELSEY Dealers are reliable and know how to install heating systems properly. We will furnish plans, specifications and estimate of cost through the nearest dealer. 156-R Fifth Ave. New York City . A Hall Box _ This chest of genuine Southern Red Cedar with its beautiful, dull natural finish, its wide copper bands, and its flat-headed, old-fashioned copper rivets, will give the final touch of taste to your room. Place your furs and woolens init. They are then absolutely protected from moths, dust and dampness. More convenient and more economical than storage. Our chests make gifts that are appreciated. Freight prepaid from factory to home. We return money and pay return freight if unsatisfactory. Send for catalog describing many stvles of different priced chests, Piedmont Red Cedar Chest Co., Dept. 90, Statesville, N. C. GENUINE RED CEDAR Special Rose Offer For only One Dollar we offer Five Strong, Hardy, Field-Grown Roses American Beauty, Gen’! Jack, La France, Cr. Rambler, Paul Neyron, Margaret Dick- son, Baby Rambler, Capt. Christy, Conrad . Meyer, Liberty, Chatenay. Your choice Five for One Dollar. We guarantee that our roses are Strong, and BM full of vitality, have not been forced by flor- ists,andareall true to name. Satisfaction or your money back. Catalogue Free. F. T. LANGE, Union Hill, N. J. Two Year Old ROSES 31,06 New Dahlia, President Taft Named bygspecial permission of the President THE FINEST DAHLIA IN CULTIVATION Write for List C. W. Schneider Little Silver, N. J. Orris Root Plants An exceeding fine hardy garden plant; a rapid multiplier; blooms early in the spring; flowers large and as gorgeous as an orchid, very lasting as a cut flower; the root has a commercial value. Plants 50c. each by mail, $5.00 per doz., express. Cc. B. De WEESE, Sidney, Ohio top of the highest hills, usually 1,000 feet or more above sea-level, and always in very dry, sandy soil. It is, however, quite abundant on the south- eastern shores of Lake Huron, in the province of Ontario, but in soil of precisely the same character. It is usually found in very thin woods, but likes also. the full sunshine. The giant among our native gentians is the soapwort gentian (G. Saponaria) which often grows. three feet high and is rather coarse and rank. The flowers, however, are sometimes two inches long and are borne in dense clusters often five or six inches across and open quite widely. The color is of a light reddish or purplish blue, rarely white. It grows in wet or dry, usually sandy soil. account of its large size, it should be grown in the centre or background of a group of gentians, or else in isolated clumps. On Blue is the dominant color among our American gentians, and we can hardly expect to get a very wide range of color among them. White forms. of most pure white forms of the larger fringed gentian and the closed blue gentian are both beautiful flowers. native species, however, occur; the Perhaps the nearest approach to yellow we can expect to find is the yellowish gentian (G. flavida), ‘which excels even the closed gentian in beauty, the flowers being much larger, about two inches long, and wide open. greenish-white to yellowish-white. of flowers also average larger than those of the closed gentian, while the light shining green of the foliage is very pleasing, contrasting finely with the darker foliage of other perennial species. species also likes dry, sandy soil. The color ranges from The clusters. This. The perennial gentians I have hitherto noticed are as a rule rather coarse plants, yet showy and useful as ornamentals. species of perennial gentians that are very slender and graceful plants —the narrow-leaved gentian (G. linearis), which ranges from six inches to two feet high according to soil, with many narrow leaves and clusters of rather slender open blue flowers from one inch to nearly two inches long; and the red-stemmed gentian (G. rubricaulis), one to two feet high, with much broader leaves and larger greenish-blue to bright blue flowers. prefer wet soil, but like other gentians it Is probable that they could be made to grow on almost any soil. foreground of coarser species. There are, however, two Both In cultivation they should be planted in the The flowers of either species are fully as long, if not longer, than those of the closed gentian, but more slender, and besides are open. Michigan. W. A. BROTHERTON. Getting Money’s Worth in Tools Re IS no use expecting to do first-class work in a garden without adequate tools. So much irritation can be saved by using the one tool that easily fits, that I wonder constantly that so few people, comparatively, seem to have a proper out- fit. I have tried practically every tool that seemed to be in any way adapted to garden use, and I know that I would not undertake to keep up a garden to anything like a decent standard of efficiency without the tools named below. The following list is composed of only such tools as are absolutely necessary to really cover every phase of planting and cultivation in a garden fifty feet square or larger. There are, of ~ APRIL, 1909 THE GARDEN 29 MAGAZINE If you wish to purchase live s'ock write to the Readers’ Service 197 1909 Tubular “A” Common ‘‘disc’’ or “bucket bowl’’ separators require more careful leveling than Tubulars. Yet, to level these common separators, you must place a spirit leyel on their frames. If their frames are a little out of true, as they usually, are, the level- ing of the common ‘“‘disc’’ or ‘“‘bucket bowl’ separator is largely guesswork. —-WIZARD—-. mor BRAND amc Pulverized Sheep Manure is a superior top-dressing for the home Lawn and Garden It is doubly effective because it improves the soil structure and supplies just the elements of plant food most essential to produce strong healthy growth. No weeds—unsightly appearance or disagreeable odor—convenient —easily applied— most reliable. IZAR SBRANSO- /BARREL EQUA | —— The Pulverized Manure Company, No. 19 Stock Yards 33 Sold by all first class seed and supply houses. Insist on having {— WIZARD Don’t accept a substitute. a GE TATE ae) oO SKAND — ep EH CEP EEE Missouri River. $ 4,00 per large barrel. Freight paid east of We shall be pleased to quote special quantity prices and enclose descriptive matter upon request. Here I Am The plumb bob is one of the handy improvements on the 1909 Sharples Tubular “A” cream separator. It adds miles to the great lead Tubulars have always had over all other separators. This “plumb bob ” enables you to set the 1909 Tubular “A” perfectly level in a minute—quicker than you could find the spirit level needed to set any other separator. You can always tell, by a glance at the plumb bob, whether Tubular “A ”’ separators are level, thus always keeping the Tubular up to its very best work. Just another example of the “ up to the minute” and “‘ away ahead of the rest”? character of Tubulars. Tubulars Are Different From All Other Separatone Tubulars are built on absolutely correct principles—that is, Tubulars have a bottom fed bowl hanging below a simple, frictionless ball bearing. The one piece frame and the permanent, compact, strong construc- tion ef Tubulars enables us to add to Tubulars some very handy devices which it is impossible for other manutacturers to use on their constantly changing common “ bucket bowl” machines. The incorrect principles of common “ bucket bowl”? machines—that is, a top fed bowl set up on top of a spindle—make all such machines unsatisfactory and necessitate constant changes that are merely makeshifts and not improvements. Tubulars are built in the world’s greatest, best equipped cream separator works. factories in Canada and Germany. if not all competitors combined. We have additional Tubular Tubular sales for 1908 were way ahead of 1907—way out of sight of any competitor, Our 1909 Tubular “A” is better than any previous Tubular and is guaranteed forever in every part. Write for Catalog No. 215. The Sharples Separator Co. WEST CHESTER, PENNA. Portland, Ore. Chicago, III. San Francisco, Cal. It is the easiest thing in the world to level the Tubular ‘A’? cream separator shown here. Simply wedge up under the corners of the machine until the point of the plumb hob hangs directly over the point of the plumb bob center, or plug, set into the base of the frame. Done ina minute and always right. Observe the low supply can on the Tubular Tor b —you need not move it to take out the bowl. orcnton can Winnipeg, Can. Plant Gladioli Now! Armsful of bloom—long, hardy sprays of wondrous beauty—will reward you in blooming season. No flower can surpass the Gladio- lus in rich profusion of rainbow tints. No flower is easier to culti- vate. No flower can give you so much pleasure in proportion to the modicum of money, time and care required to raise it. Plant it where you will,—in the tiniest garden nook or in large beds—it will lend a charm, form a fit setting to every surrounding object. If you want a perfect gar- den, you simply cannot get along without the marvelous Gladiolus. : j Cowee’sNewBook | “A Summer with ~ the Gladiolus ”’ 7 Should be in the hands of every flower-lover. Nothing like it has yet been pub- lished; a splendid example of the printer’s art. Many of the illustrations are from Autochromes, the wonder- ful new French color photo- graphs—almost a breathing semblance of the blossoms themselves. Helpful, yes indispensable, to any person who wants to grow the Gladiolus successfully. Leading varieties minutely described. You need this book. It’s free. Send in your name today! ARTHUR COWEE, Meadowvale Farm Box 35, BERLIN, N. Y. Cash with order. Armsfull of bloom. \ = Chicago, Illinois. The Readers’ 198 information about real estate Service gives Everythinés for the Hardy Garden A book which tells the whole story— what to plant for a continuous mass of bloom from early spring until late fall— how and where to plant—the proper preparation of soil and care of plants to get the best results the first season. Send for this book today. made promptly. Shipments Collection A. 50 best selected, strong plants—Iris, Phlox, Larkspurs, Foxgloves, Hollyhocks, Asters, Sweet William, etc., $5.00. Collection B. 100 best selected, strong plants—Peonies, Iris, Phlox, Larkspurs, Foxgloves, Hollyhocks, Asters, Pyre= thrums, Veronicas, Hemerocallis, etc., $10.00. EASTERN NURSERIES HENRY S. DAWSON, Mgr. JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS. Three Magazines For Every Home COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA Beautiful, practical, entertaining. $4.00 a year. THE WORLD’S WORK . interpreting to-day’s history. $3.00 a year. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE-FARMING telling how to make things grow. {$1.00a year. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., NEW YORK HOME GROUNDS More than a thousand homes have been made beautiful by our treatment. Our methods are practical and appeal directly to owners of suburban estates. Expert advice on all ques- tions pertaining to the planting of Home Grounds. Tell us your needs. We canhelp you. Our Collection of TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES and OLD= FASHIONED FLOWERS is the largest in New England. Large General Catalogmailed FREEon request. Write today The New England Nurseries, Inc. Bedford, Massachusetts course, many other tools on the market but they can hardly be considered as essential. To be fully equipped for quick and thorough work the gardener should have at least two weeding hoes, one 8-inch blade and one 6-inch blade (one with a 4 or 5 inch blade will also be found very useful in the flower beds), a Warren hoe with a 6 or 7 inch blade, one 8 inch Hilton-hoe (a new form of scuffle-hoe), a full bow garden rake — the 16-inch size for garden raking and leveling, but if he can afford two, one rc-inch and one 16-inch —a four-tine spading fork, and a planting bar. A planting spade will also be found very useful. To this I would add a double wheel-hoe, which will cultivate between rows in one-tenth the time necessary for hand hoeing, but it will not be use- ful for thinning, weeding, and hoeing between closely set plants in the row. It is no more trouble to select two or three tools from a collection of twenty-five, use them, clean them, and put them away, than it would be if you had only three tools which you used constantly. My tools are all stored in a closet two feet eight inches by three feet ten inches, which is lighted by a small window. The small tools and wheel-hoe attachments are kept in two small baskets; the hoes, rakes, etc., hang flat against the wall, being suspended from hooks screwed into the ceiling and walls; the wheel-hoe rests on the floor. For general cultivation I first take the wheel- hoe and do all the work possible with it; it is then cleaned and put away. If I then have sufficient time to complete the whole job, I take out a 6 and 8 inch weeding-hoe and a Hilton-hoe. With these three tools I complete the work of stirring the soil in every part of the garden, including the grape and berry border and flower beds. The prices quoted are those which the tools are selling for at the present time: Pointing trowel j j : : : $.25 Planting trowel, 7-inch_ . : : 2 55 Dibber (brass 6oe. Jy iron . 4 : : 85 Lang weeder . ; 5 : : “25 Hand weeder 2 : : : : 225 Onion weeder : 4 6 25 Hoe for making weeding Roce : : -60 Warren hoe . : : -65 Lightning scuffle, or a Hilton, hoe . 0 65 Full bow garden take (16- ee ° : ofS Spading fork . 5 : : 85 Planting spade ° : : 85 Planting bar, pipe and cap : 6 : -35 Blacksmith fee for pointing bar . -50 Double wheel hoe with one pair leaf lifters, one set four cultivator teeth, one pair 6-inch hoes, one pair plows : 6.50 One pair of extra weeder attachments for weeders é : : 1.00 Path cleaner, 8-inch 75¢, T24inch : 5 LO Hill and drill seeders . $8.50 to $12.00 Hill and drill seeders combined with single or double wheel hoes . $11.00 to 13.50 Kitchen-garden drill 0 2 5 : I.00 Corn planter . . 2.00 For complete discussions of the best forms of the above tools see THE GARDEN MAGAZINE for April, May, June and July, 1908. Pennsylvania. J. LUKENS KAYAN. Success in Transplanting Tomatoes | Oe of ripe tomatoes can be had without any trouble if hardwood ashes are used as a fertilizer and are also sifted on the leaves to keep off the little black flies. Do not set out the plants in the open ground until all danger of frost is past. Dig large holes a foot deep, place a pint of ashes in each hole, and coyer them with at least two inches of dirt, on which set the plants. The best time to do this is at twilight or on a cloudy day. Protect each newly set plant with a paper bag (the bottom having been cut out) of sufficient size to slip around the plant easily. Three or four stakes driven into the ground hold these in place. Last year I did not lose a plant, while a neigh- bor lost over half. He did not use the “paper houses,”’ and a south wind switched the plants to death. Vermont. LENA W. RIcE. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE APRIL, 1909 Garden Beautiful is not confined to the homes ae any par- ticular class, but may be enjoyed by every- one who will use Vick Quality Seed | ‘The Garden Profitable is also yours if you use Vegetable Seeds from Vick of Rochester. Vick’s Garden and Floral Guide the reliable seed Catalogue, gives accurate infor- mation and will be sent to you if you ask for it. JAMES VICK’S SONS, 362 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. KILLED BY RATS Scixce By the use of the wonderful bacteriological preparation, dis- covered by Dr. Danysz of Pasteur Institute, Paris, science has at last found the only successful method for exterminating rats and mice. Used with striking success for the past few years in England, Scotland, France, and Russia, DANYSZ VIRUS contains the germs of a disease peculiar to rats and mice and is absolutely harmless to human beings and other animals. The rodents always die in the open, because of feverish condition. The disease isalsocontagious tothem. Easily prepared and applied, How Much to Use —A small house, one tube. Ordinary dwelling, three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than 6 tubes), One or two dozen for large stable with hay loft and yard, Factories and warehouses, one dozen for each 5,000 square feet floor space, Delivered at following price: One tube, 75c.; 3 tubes, $1.75; one dozen, $6.00, ‘INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY 25 Old Slip New York, N. Y. ASTERS 75 Varieties, the World’s Finest Productions. No two alike. Collection No. 1—One Dozen plants of each vaciety . $5.00 No. 2— ‘* Half Doz. ‘* “ .. 3.00 06 No. 3— ‘‘ Sixth Doz‘“* “ ‘ Beeman — |!) cs No. 4—One plant Ore Bie, 0S - 4100 Mixture No. I—All varieties grown 10 cents per Doz. 35 cents per hundred; $2.50 per thousand. nears :—100 Varieties selected from the world’s finest sorts as e best. Collection A—One bulb each of 100 varieties .... ...... $5.00 sé B= tees 50) ee eee 3.00 es Ga 86 EE 5m 8 Pee 1.75 es D= 286 ID = ee 1.00 «No. 2—Two Doz. mixed standard varieties Caines 1.00 «« No. 3—Three ‘‘ ot good 6 1.00 Gladiolus:—Groffs and Childsii, Hybrids mixed first size bulbs 35 cents per Doz.; $1.00 per hundred; $5.00 per thousand. Ask for prices of Plants & Bulbs ‘of above in large quantities. If you would like to engage in the fiower busi- ness, yet lack the capital to start on, we have a good paying proposition for you. This is for just one person of good reputation in each community. When sending your order, ask about the proposi- tion. We must have good references. BARNES’ GARDENS Cor. Wolf & Indiana Sis. Spencer, Indiana What is a fair rental jor a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service 199 Apri, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE “gt CONCRETE QUESTION for the home builder is not, ‘Of what shall I build ?’’ but, ““What cement shall I use?’’; for every advantage of economy, facility, beauty and durability is secured by concrete. @ Finest texture, perfect uniformity of color and maxi- mum strength are assured by using EDISON Portland CEMENT @ Authorities agree that standard Portland cement is efficientin the degree of its fineness. @ The chemical composition of standard Port- land cement is practically alike in all leading brands; but Edison Portland Cement is Uniformly 10% Finest Ground Of Any Cement in the World iE TAKES Jess Edison Portland Cement than it does any other cement to binda given quan- tity of sand, gravel or crushed stone, with equal strength; while the same amount of Edison Port- land Cement as of other brands gives the same strength of concrete, at the same time binding more material. Whatever cement you may at last select, do this first: Send for our Book of Examples of Concrete Construction showing some of the Beautiful Buildings and Great Public Works in which the concrete has been made with Edison Portland Cement and telling all the facts about it. EDISON PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY Room 931 St. James Building New York City BOBBINK & ATKINS World’s Choicest Nursery Products It is advisable to order now to get your choice of our World’s Choicest Nursery Products. Never before have we had a selection as handsome as we offer for planting this season. Intending purchasers will do well to visit our Nurseries to inspect our products. If you cannot, we shall be pleased to give prices on your list of wants for Spring planting. = = ___We havea complete assortment of Trained and Dwarf FruitTrees these popular and profitable trees. Pines ___We grow many thousands in all the most useful and striking kinds. No grounds are complete without a proper number of them, as they are healthful, and add attractiveness to the Landscape. = ___Many acres of our Nursery are planted Evergreens and Conifers with the most attractive specimens ever produced in this country. Our collection has been admired by visitors from all parts of the world. R. es—we have many thousands of two year old plants ready for shipment, os consisting of all the most suitable for the American climate. = ___For old fashioned gardens, beds and bor- Old Fashioned Flowers ders. Many acres of our Nursery are planted with the most complete collection in this country. Thousands of people visit our Nursery annually to see them when in bloom. F it: __Wecansupply Fruit Trees tomake a complete fruit garden. In addition, ruits we have a fine selection of all kinds of small Fruits, Strawberries, etc. __Are among our specialties. Everybody intending to Rhododendrons plant should certainly see our stock. We can give prices on large or small quantities in all the hardiest and most attractive varieties. ___Our stock is probably unsurpassed, as we have thousands in Boxwood all sizes, suitable for Boxwood gardens. Se ___ Our Trees and Shrubs are hardy, Trees and Flowering Shrubs vigorous and free from disease. ___The largest collection in this country in allsizes can now be Bay Trees seen in our storehouses. Vines and Climbers—° have large quantities for every style of covering. Hedge Plants—we grow thousands for any kind of hedge desired. Tubs—we make them in all sizes and shapes for Plants and Trees. Our Nursery products will give permanent satisfaction to purchasers, because they possess the standard of quality created by the highest grade of cultivation. Our Illustrated General Catalog No. 25 will be mailed to prospective purchasers. VISIT OUR NURSERIES. Nurserymen and Florists Rutherford, N. J. How Any One Can Grow Mushrooms Delightful Occupation — Delicious Delicacy for the Home Table and a Good Income if you Wish. I have been growing mushrooms for over twelve years. I probably know more about the subject of mushroom culture than anyone else in America. From a start with a few dollars’ capital IT built up the largest mush- room farm in America, with acres of bed space in cultivation. By actual experience I have learned just how mushrooms can be grown and what’s even more important, how they can not be grown. Growing mushrooms is really no more difficult than growing radishes. It ’s just a matter of knowing how. Every failure in the mushroom business can be traced to poor spawn and unreliable information. I have shown thousands of men and women how to grow mushrooms successfully. Most all of them are now in the business growing for profit and making a good income without interfering with their regular occupation with this wonderful, easy, pleasant pastime. I hope soon that a mushroom bed will be as common as vegetable gardens. I have written a little book which gives truthful, teliable, experienced information about mushroom culture, where mushrooms can be grown, how to have a mushroom bed in your cellar, etc. It also tells about spawn and howto secure really reliable spawn. I shall gladly send you this book FREE. If you have neyer tried mushroom growing, or if you have tried and failed because of the causes of which I have spoken, write for my free book in which I will show you beyond the shadow of a doubt that you can have a fine mushroom bed. Address A. V. JACKSON Jackson Mushroom Farm 3481 Northwestern Ave. CHICAGO, ILL, The Readers’ Service will give you information about automobiles THE GARDEN MAGAZINE APRIL, 1909 STEVENS who loves his rifle and the ‘‘ out-of-doors ”—the clean, wholesome, manly sport they offer him. Nothing like a good, reliable, straight-shooting Stevens Rifle to keep your boy out of doors this vacation and in touch with He will be a better boy for it, andontheroad “7% to becoming a keen-eyed, quick-thinking, self-reliant ~ nature. man. With the gun, give him a copy of Dan Beard’s “‘ Guns and Gunning ” An interesting and valuable volume on camping, woodcraft, habits of game birds, which animals are pests and which are not, etc. Beautifully illustrated by Belmore H. Browne. of price. Sent postpaid on receipt Paper-covered edition, 20c; cloth covered edition, 30c. 160=Page Catalogue Free if you will send 6 cents to cover postage. Filled with valuable information on choice and care of firearms; notes on sights, ammunition, etc. If you cannot obtain Stevens Rifles, Shotguns or Pistols from your dealer, we ship direct, express prepaid, on receipt of catalogue price. J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL CO. 420Front Street, Chicopee Falls, Mass. FORTUNES IN FIG ORCHARDS E.C. ROBERTSON General Sales Manager 501 Kiam Bldg., Houston, Texas Local cash market for fruit. Single crop pays for land and lot. in four years with annual income thereafter for life. Better than banks, bonds, or life insurance. If you want to enjoy life in South Texas under your own and fig tree,” or make a small, safe, profitable investment, write for full particu- TEXAS FIGS ARE WORLD’S FAIR WINNERS The famous fig preserves made at Aldine, near Houston, are the finest and best known in the world. Qne important thing which must not be overlooked is that fig orchards never fail to produce large, profitable crops here. One Acre Set in Figs and One Town Lot, both for $230, Payable $1 down and $10 per month, without interest, no payments when sick ; clear warranty deed in case of death. Money back “ vine lars. Agents wanted. THE COMIC SUCCESS OF A DECADE! Hashimura Togo’s (Wallace Irwin’s) Famous “Letters of adapanese Schoolboy The now famous letters of Hashimura Togo, ad- k dressed to the editor of Collier’s, have been gathered into permanent form as one of the choicest contribu- tions to our American humor in years. Illustrations, $1.50 Read Old Jim Case of South Hollow By EDWARD I. RICE, for pure undiluted rural humor by real up- country folks. It is genuine, soothing, honest—-a book fragrant with the smell of the hay. Frontispiece. Fixed price, $1.00 (postage 10c.) DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133 East 16th Street, NEW YORK The success of Sowing Seeds in Danny By MRS. NELLIE L. McCLUNG, readers will agree is fully deserved. There has been nothing in years to equal this delicious comedy of Danny and his irrepressible Band of “Hope- fuls.” $1.00. The Care of the Cow URING the recent anti-tuberculosis show at the American Museum of Natural History, in New York, one of the exhibits was a model cow- stable with a cow as a necessary adjunct. To those of us who were raised in the country it was amusing to note the intense interest with which many of the visitors viewed this cow. It seemed to be the first opportunity that many of the people on the East Side of New York had ever had to view a cow at close range. The object of this exhibit was to show what a sanitary cow-barn really should be. The building was of frame construction with a concrete floor and iron stanchions. It was extremely light, the cow was fed from the floor, and the concrete construction enabled the thorough washing of the building by a hose. The woodwork was white- washed with a mixture containing carbolic acid and other disinfectants. There were no places for dust and disease germs to find a lurking place. This kind of a building would be quite a revela- tion to farmers who are used to the old-fashioned way and assume that a sanitary cow-barn must be something elaborate. It was the very simplest form of construction, and in its very simplicity was its virtue. By means of shades the windows could be darkened to keep out the flies. Everyone who has had experience with dairy cattle appreciates the value of keeping them con- tented as well as clean. This is especially true of stall-fed cattle, which are merely machines for con- verting the products of the farm into milk and butter. A high-bred dairy cow is an extremely com- plicated organism. You may regard her as a machine which is being worked to its highest efficiency. For this reason the importance of ministering to her needs is not so much a humani- tarian problem as a question of dollars and cents. The better care we take of our cows the more profit we get from them. Repeated tests have shown that there is an appreciable difference in the yield of milk from cows that are worried or annoyed by children, dogs, flies, and so on, and from those that are kept quiet and undisturbed. The matter of feeding dairy cattle has been worked out with extreme accuracy by the various experiment stations. For the purpose of calcu- lation the quantity of grass eaten by the average cow under the average pasture conditions is con- sidered ten units. In the early summer when grass is plentiful this quantity will amount to perhaps fourteen units and to less than four food units in the late fall. At the latter season the deficiency must be supplied by other foods. One pound of any of the concentrated feeds, such as cereals, mill refuse, oily meals, etc., is considered one food unit, and may be calculated as equivalent to three pounds of good meadow hay, four pounds of poor hay, ten pounds of rutabagas, twelve pounds of turnips, four pounds of potatoes, ten pounds of green fodder, six pounds of butter- milk, six pounds of skim-milk and twelve pounds of whey. Any of these ingredients will be equivalent to one pound of new milk. The following table is often used by dairymen as a basis for estimating the ration value of different stock foods. It is estimated that one hundred pounds of good hay will possess the same feeding value as: Wheat 444 pounds Corn ; 3 pitt Ge 624 * Clover, red, green j ‘ > B78 * Beets . 0 0 4 9 . 669 i Beans . . . ° 0 Sees “° Barley > 0 : 3 > 6&8 A Carrots é . : 5 0 Baye Oil cake, linseed. : 3 ne43 ig Buckwheat . 5 F 0 5 M7 Sea ee Oatsmanne : ; 4 s So) fe Rye : 5 : i ‘ ASR Sicy SS na Potatoes 5 2 0 : Beciere) re ‘Peas, dry : : : ; Pain ace Oat straw ; : : i 5 ney s Clover, red, dry 0 on BS sf Turnips - ; ; : é . 469 ‘ Carrot leaves (tops) F : a LAG: * Rye straw : : 420 Sf New Jersey. Joun HARRISON. The Readers’ Service will give 9 1 information about automobiles 201 HE Advantages of Growing DWARF FRUIT TREES Do you know that dwarf fruit trees bear bigger, better fruit, bear several years earlier, and i produce more return for a given space than standard trees? ‘This is all true and there are even more important points. Hi The low broad heads are within reach, so that apples or pears can be easily picked. The pests that are expected to destroy the majority of home fruit gardens within a few years (asserted by leading | writers) are easily controlled on dwarf trees. You can plant your garden full of dwarf trees and still i grow strawberries and most vegetables. “The dense shade of standard trees prevents the use of the ground for other purposes. Standard trees require ten years to come into full bearing; with dwarfs some varieties will bear the first year, all will produce a considerable crop the second year, and bear fully the fourth. APRIL, 1909 Deke GAR Dan NY MAG AZ TINE DWARF APPLES Baldwin Walbridge Spy Alexander Wealthy Ben Davis Wolf Fameuse Duchess Gano King Red Astrachan Stark Rambo Talman Rome Beauty 1 Greening Fall Jannetting DWARF PEARS Duchess Sheldon Keiffer Bartlett You can have forty trees, with a variety, in a space 20 feet square, save several years, get better fruit, and Clapps each tree should bear a bushel a year Flemish Lawrence : : We offer the best stock ever produced in this country. Our apples are grafted on Paradise stock, and the pears on quince stock. They will succeed in many places where standard trees would fail. In a word, they are the kind of dwarf trees that will put their strength into fruit instead of wood. To secure best selection and full season’s growth order at So ue THE CONEAL CO. Sheepshead Bay - Long Island, N. Y. Note—With every order we will send an illustrated Booklet on Dwarf Fruit Trees, giving complete instructions for planting, care, etc. PRICES A Trees, carefully packed, $ 3.00 Sn ss 5.50 2 *8 : 8.00 2X 12.00 Larger quantities subject to special arrangement Price includes packing. Any varieties of pears or apples in list may be selected A New Outdoor Book By EBEN E. REXFORD THE FOREMOST AMATEUR GARDENER OF THE UNITED STATES The Home Garden This book is not a scientific treatise on gardening. It is intended for the use of those who have a little piece of land upon which they would like to grow vegetables and small fruits, but whose knowledge how 1 to go to work in the right way, and what to attempt growing, is limited, because of lack of experience along this line. It is written for the man who would like to find in out-door exercise a relaxation from the cares of professional life, and would like to have that exercise one in which pleasure and profit can be suc- cessfully combined. It contains no theories. It aims to give simply and clearly such information as the writer has gathered from his own years of practical experience in gardening, by which he believes others can bring about equally satisfactory results. Eight full-page illustrations. 1zmo. 198 pages. Cloth, ornamental, $1.25 net; postpaid, $1.35 row FLOWERS Four Seasons in the Garden By EBEN E. REXFORD A book on gardening for the home-maker, by the foremost amateur gardener of the United States. It treats of all phases of the subject, from the simple bed or two along the fence, ina city backyard, to the most ambi- tious garden the happy subur- banite or country dweller can manage without the services of a professional. Sumptuously illustrated in tints. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 net, postpaid The Small Country Place By SAMUEL T. MAYNARD A thoroughly practical book which will be of great value to those who live upon small coun- try places, especially those whose work in the city allows them but a few hours each day to spend about the home. The author discusses the grow- ing of farm and garden crops, the care of the horse, the cow, and poultry and similar subjects. Seventy-five illustrations from photographs, and numerous line drawings. 1zmo. Cloth, $1.50 net; postpaid, $1.65 J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, Philadelphia You can now successfully grow any plants or flowers with one-quarter of the time and effort usu. ally required in caring for them. No matter where you live—apartment building, city house, suburban or country home, you can easily and inexpensively grow better, hardier and longer Jived plants, flowers and vines in the ILLINOIS SELF WATERING FLOWER BOX than in any other way. You water your plants only once in two weeks by filling the reservoir in bottom of box. The roots of the plants in the upper part ofthe box absorb just the proper amount of water from the reservoir below, so that the surface of the soil never becomes harde ved or baked, interfering with the proper growth ofthe plants. The Illinois Self- Watering Box is made of metal, nicely finished and is rust-proof and leak-proof. It is made in several sizes and styles for indoor or outdoor use, on porch. window-sill, lawn, et>. Any size or style made to order. Summer Homes, Clubs, Hotels and Public Institutions completely equipped. Made for lawns, Cemeteries, Windows, Porches; also in Jardinier Pans, Pots and Hanging Baskets. 80 DAYS FREE TRIATL—Send coupon today for illustrated descriptive booklet and our 30 Day FREE Trial offer. Send at once. SPECISAL—r100 Page Cloth Bound Book ‘Miniature and Window Gardening.”? Complete treatise on growing plants. Regular price 75 cent;. Our Special Price 50 cents prepaid. Illinois Heater & Mfg. Co. 33 Dearborn St. Chicago, Ill. BOLGIANO’S SEED STORE. Baltimore, Md. Distributors for Maryland, Virginia, W. Virginia & D.C, THinois Eleater & Mfg, Co. Chieago Please send me your free book- e and 30 Day FREE Trial Offer. Name, Address. The latest books on travel and biography may be oblained through the Readers’ Service A H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N 1D} The New Improved De Laval Centrifugal Cream Separator It Will Save You Money, Time aad Labor If You Own One or More Cows. Those who keep one or more cows either for profit or for supplying the home table with milk, cream and butter, can ill afford to be without a De Laval Cream Sep- arator. Its benefits and advantages are many. First of all, the separator secures every last bit of cream in the milk, whereas one-third to one-half is lost by any othermethod of skimming. Secondly, the separating can be done as soon as the cow is milked, which means that the cream is always perfectly sweet, of fine texture and any desired thickness, without taint or odor, and may be churned into a butter readily worth from two to ten cents more per pound. Likewise is the skim-milk delivered pure, fresh and warm and worth a dozen times more for stock- feeding pur- poses or human consumption than the skim-milk from any gravity- setting or dilution system of skimming. The separator also does away with the setting and handling of the milk in crocks and pans, with skimming, ice and water, and all the work and room which the old way involves for everyone. In short, the separator reduces your dairy work to almost nothing. All this means time, money, better product and more of it with less work and less trouble. | Usually the Separator Saves Its Cost in Less than a Year and Will Last Anywhere from Ten to Twenty-Five Years Send at once for our handsome new catalog, illustrating and describing the New Improved De Laval machines in detail. You will be surprised and your only regret will be that you did not in- vestigate this big money and labor-saving machine sooner. THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. General Offices: 165 Broadway, New York. 173-177 William Street MONTREAL 107 First Street PORTLAND, OREG. 14 & 16 Princess Street WINNIPEG 42 E. Madison Street 1213 & 1215 Filbert St. CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA Drumm & Sacramento Sts. SAN FRANCISCO APRIL, 1909 PLANTS FOR AN UNFAVORABLE SITUATION Q.— Between our house and the next is a dark passageway about three feet wide. All the light there is comes from an east and west exposure, and a little filters down between the houses. No sun- shine ever gets to the ground. Is there anything that could be made to grow in such a place? Pennsylvania. K. McM. A.— In a passageway such as you describe there would possibly be serious problems of air drainage —it may be that plants would not grow there because of the air becoming stagnant. If the ground is moist, however, and the space is ventilated, rhododendrons and royal ferns should thrive. For flowering plants, use begonias and fuchsias. STARTING GLOXINIAS Q.— For gloxinia culture do you advise placing the tuber at once into a 6-inch flowering pot, after starting, or working up to that size? New York. RCs: A.— Start the gloxinias first in a flat, in sphag- num moss or leaf soil and sand. Pot up in small pots as soon as they commence to make roots, using a light compost of leafy soil and sand. When the first pots (3 or 3% inch) are full of roots, repot into larger flowering size, using a soil considerably stronger, with a small quantity of good fertilizer, suchas bonemeal. They want a light, free soil at all times, but will require lots of liquid feeding as soon as the flowering pots are filled with roots. Grow on in a temperature of 60 or 65 degrees. J. T. S. PLANTING SWEET POTATOES Q.— Please tell me how much sweet potato seed is required to plant an acre of ground New York. IP, IK, Qs A.— Sweet potatoes are not cut into sections and dropped like Irish potatoes, but are started as young plants. They are prepared for field planting by bedding in sand or soil in either a specially prepared frame where artificial heat can be supplied, or in a greenhouse; or sometimes even on a sunny slope where the young plants would not be affected by frost. The farm price of sweet potatoes for seed purposes is usually about $1.00 a bushel, always varying with the market and local conditions. Two bushels of sweet potatoes are required to start sufficient plants for an acre of ground, but it would be necessary to plant eight or ten bushels of Irish potatoes for the same space. J. A. B. HOW TO HAVE A GOOD LAWN Q.— Last July I had the ground about my house spaded and raked. Grass seed was sown and the ground rolled. By September the lawn was in good condition. In November it was covered with horse manure which will be removed during April. How can I keep the lawn in good condition with the minimum of care? New Jersey. A. L: A.— Rake off the manure from the lawn immedi- ately. “After growth has started for the season the mulch, remaining on any longer, will do more harm than good. After raking if off, roll the lawn well, having previously scattered a light top dressing of a good lawn-seed mixture. Encourage, always, the young growth. For helpful information, | read Barron’s ‘Lawns and How to Make Them,” price $1.20 by mail. Ij. a problem grows in your garden write to 203 ApRit, 1909 at H E G AR D E N M A G A ZI N E the Readers’ Service for assistance SUMMER’S DELIGHT WOULD BE AN APPROPRIATE TERM FOR THEM lie better varieties of hardy Phlox of today are marvels of beauty and wonderful in profuse and constant bloom. My collection of over fifty varieties embraces the choicest to date and every color from vivid scarlet _ and crimson to the most delicate tints and 7 nure white, with varied shades of purple. Come are perfect selfs, others gay with centers and markings of two or more colors exquisitely blended; the colors of all being delightfully pure. All bloom with lavish profusion throughout the entire summer and early autumn and all are fragrant. Of sturdy habit, need no care, succeed everywhere, upon all soils and of iron clad hardihood—becoming finer and more beautiful as the years pass by. My Phlox were awarded a special prize by the American Institute of New York. I will supply these choice named Phlox as follows: For $1.00 I will send 12 plants from pots or ten strong clumps, by mail, all different if preferred. For $2.50 I will send 50 plants from pots, in ten varieties, by mail. For $4.00 I will send 50 strong clumps in ten varieties, by express. All will bloom freely the first season. The different varieties are described in my catalog of Hardy Perennial Plants, Shrubs and Vines, together with a thousand varieties of Peonies, Iris, Hollyhocks, Larkspurs, Columbines, Day Lilies, Anemones, Foxgloves, Poppies, Hardy Pinks, Chrysanthemums, Sweet Williams and other Hardy Perennial or “old fashioned flowers.” Tt is a beautiful, copiously illustrated book of 70 pages, gives full cultural instructions with low prices and is the finest and most helpful catalog of the kind ever published in America. Mailed free jor the asking J.T. LOVETT Box 25 Little Silver, N. J. Insure Your Trees The “Lifendeth” belt is a simple and practical tree preserver—cheaper than tin petticoats and far better than sticky tar paper. A single twist of a wire holds it permanently in place. Insures complete protection from the ravages of climbing insect pests. It does the work. It is a relentless barrier. The creeping bugs can’t get past it. It traps them. They are caught red-handed and held fast. In use on many of the finest estates and recommended by fruit growers, landscape gardeners and foresters. Sample sent prepaid on receipt of 30 cents. Special price for quantities. Write for our interesting proposition for wide-awake agents in your territory Hudson Elastic Fibre Company, Hudson, Mass. Beautiful Gladioli FOR YOUR GARDEN Our “Superb Collection” will surely delight the most critical Gladiolus enthusiast. America—Large flower, flesh pink, beautiful. The peer of all Gladioli, - - - - 10¢ each Attraction—Deep, dark, rich crimson with a very conspicuous large pure white center and throat. At oncea most beautiful and attractive sort, . - - - © - - - * 2 > 10¢ each Canary Bird—One of the best yellow varieties, a pure canary-yellow that is very pleasing and attractive, - - - - © » - - = lOc each Cardinal—Perfect flower and spike, very large and the brightest, cleanest and most intense cardinal scarlet yetseen. Very rich and showy and byall odds the very finest light-colored sort yetseen, . - - - - - - - 10c each Contrast—Flowers of great substance and a beautiful compact spike of perfect form. Color intense scarlet with a large, distinct pure white center which is neither tinted or mottled. One of the most striking and beautiful Gladiclus everintroduced, . 25c each Scribe—A beautiful, large, well-open flower and an enormous spike. Color like the fine old Eugene Scribe, tinted white, freely striped carmine. A very attractive sort, - 5c each Wild Rose—Very bright rose or blush tint, exceedingly delicate and pretty. This variety needs only to be seen to be appreciated and we predict a great future for it. In its particular color it stands alone. 20c each Special Offer—x bulb of each postpaid for 50c ‘Apollo Lawn Sweeper Sweeps Lawns Clean as a Carpet Lawns now need a “Spring Cleaning Up.’ The APOLLO is the machine which you need for this work. It will save you time, labor and money. Cleans large lawns easily, rapidly and thoroughly. Picks up dead grass, leaves, sticks, stones and all litter. Nothing escapes. Sweepings thrown into receptacle like carpet sweeper. Pushes einer easier than lawn mower. A boy does work of three Gi men with rakes. Doesit better. Guaranteed Satis- See Pe) jactory on 30 Days’ Free Trial or Money refunded. ia ‘ Ask Your Dealer or Write Today For Illustrated Booklet Showing Apollo at Work Let us show you in this booklet how the Apollo pays for itself easily in a season. When you read all about what the Apollo will do, you will surely want one for your lawns. Write today. ; The Greene Mfg. Co. 33 Sycamore Street Springfield, Ohio If you would like a larger or better collection see offer of “ Our Famous Ten” in March number. JOHN LEWIS CHILDS Dept. Wh. Floral Park, N. Y. CONTRAST 204 The Readers’ Service will give you information about automobiles THE GARDEN MAGAZINE APRIL, 1909 Hot-Beds Bring Profits: Good Money and Great Satisfaction in Growing Garde Truck Under Glass, in HOT-BEDS and COLD-FRAMES Write for Hot-Beds. Where to Locate them. asking. Write at once. ahead of your neighbors. Year Round i the lowest i ica. IL0T-BED SASII our prices are the lowest in America Si 3 Wii Che $1.69 Dealers’ Price, $ of our Sash. out the entire year. FREE BOOK on HOT-BEDS Secrets of Success Growing Early Vegetables Under Glass for Profit and Pleasure This book gives money-making Suggestions on raising Vegetables, Flowers, etc. How to Make Cold-Frames. Start Hot-Beds now and have fresh vegetables Make Your Garden Yield All the We manufacture Hot-Bed Sash and equipment in our great Millwork Plant in such enormous quantities that Today, Gordoh- Van Tine Hot-Bed Sash are adinittedly the best on the market. Under the stimulus of our low prices, the use of Hot-Beds has increased tremendously. The large user saves a very considerable sum by buying direct from us —and the man with a little gerden patch on a city lot saves in the same proportion when he buys a couple The use of Hot-Beds extends the growing season through- The owner of a Hot-Bed gets early vegetables long before the non-user, and no investment pays bigger returns in both profit and pleasure. Solid Sash that Last PPetbt eee See aa How to Prepare and Care for Brimful of helps and hints. Free for the weeks Our Frames and Sub-Frames save time and Complete Outfit No. 1, $11.90 Including Sash, Frames and Sub-Frames Consists of our regular Hot-Bed Sash and complete frames (for above ground) and Sub-Frames (for the pit). Frames are of Cypress. Each Part cut to exact size. Angle irons with holes punched for screws. Here are the items: 2 Glazed Hot-Bed Sash, 2x6 feet 134, 6-inch glass; I Cypress Frame for 2 Sash; Sub-Frame, All our Hot-Bed Sash are made of clear, selected Red- Cypress. Joints are blind mortised. double-shoul- dered, fitted snugly and moisture-proof No open joints! No chance for moisture to enter and play havoc with the Sash! A sash that won't twist, spring in the middle, pull loose, crack the glass or loosen the putty! We use plenty of points and the finest quality of Green- house Putty. And every Gordon-Van Tine Hot-bed Sash is primed in pure raw Linsced Oil. They are as solid and substantial as careful workmanship and best material can makethem. They are the Sash that Last! We sell these high-grade, scientifically constructed Hot- Bed Sash, glazed complete, for less money than retail all carefully crated for shipment $ 1 1 .90 For Double-Strength Glass, add 4oc. net to price of each outfit, Hot-Bed Frames, $5.70 each. Sub-Frames, $4.25 each. Cut Prices on Hot-Bed Sash Size 3x6 ft., 134, Glazed 6x10 Glass . $1.69 Size 3x6 ft., 134, Glazed 6xzo Glass . -, 2.08 Size 3x6 ft., 13g, Glazed roxr4 Glass......... 1.%5 Size 3x6 ft., 134, Glazed 10x14 Glass......... 2.14 dealers ask for common open sash. 110T-BED SASH Size 3x6—134 With ro in. Glass $1 15 Dealers’ Price, book ever written on this subject. Safe Delivery and Satisfaction Guaranteed We want to send _a free copy of our valuable new book on “ HOT-BEDS; THEIR USES, COST AND CONSTRUCTION,” to every fruit grower, farmer, market gardener, florist— everybody who has a garden, whether large or small. GORDON-VAN TINE CO., 1694 Case St., DAVENPORT, IOWA E It is the most interesting and practical Write for your Free copy today. Only One of Many Styles. aptain Kid These Chests are the perfection of exalved senti- ment as wedding and birthday presents; a link : combining the romantic past with the beauty and utility of today. Massively constructed of fragrant mountain grown Southern Red Cedar, heavily bound and finished with copper. Absolutely moth proof. _Prices very reasonable. Sold direct from factory, with privilege of examination and return WITHOUT COST TO YOU. Write for catalogue. PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST COMPANY, Dept. 91, Statesville, N. C. RED CEDAR TREASURE CHEST ————$—$—$—$—$_$_$_$—_—_$——————— Sharpen Your Lawn Mower 20 times for 25c. Eureka Sharpener A new device to attach to the stationary Bar of any mower, Sharpens all blades to a keen, even, ac- curate edge in a few minutes. Anyone can attach it to cutting blade. (See illus- tration.) No filing, no work. Simply push the mower on sidewalk with Eureka Sharpener attached and blades sharpen automatically. Sold by all dealers, 25c., or sent prepaid on receipt of 30c., stamps or coin. Specify width of mower whether 12 in., 14 in., 16 in., r8 in. or 20 in, EUREKA SHARPENER CO.,1383 24th St., Detroit, Mich. MUSKMELONS AND SQUASHES Q.— Should melons be planted in the cucumber and squash patch, or will they mix and injure the flavor of the melons? Washington, D. C. jJa SS. 1B. A.— According to the best authorities, and con- ‘trary to the usual belief, muskmelons and squashes. can be planted in the same part of the garden without any difficulty. Melons do not cross with squashes, cucumbers, etc., the first year, and the quality of the fruits is not injured if these crops. are planted together. The melons grown from seeds of melons planted in this way will probably lose their flavor through cross fertilization, but there will be no danger the first year. VEGETABLES IN THE ORCHARD Q.— Why should the space between rows of orchard trees be left vacant after three years? Would it not be better to plant the trees farther apart in the first place, and to use the land between them for vegetables in rotation? New York. M. A. A.— Tf the trees in the orchard are planted close together they will be so large in about three years’ time that vegetables or other crops planted between the rows would not do well because of shading. Vegetables would, moreover, prevent the thorough intertillage of the orchard trees. By removal of moisture and in other ways, the growth of veget- ables in the orchard for a period of more than two. or three years would be liable to cause more harm than could possibly be offset by the value of the vegetables. With a thinner planting of the trees the: vegetable crop could be raised for a longer time. ZINNIAS INSTEAD OF MARIGOLDS Q.— Can you recommend any plant that will take the place of African marigolds in bulb and spring flower beds adjoining the house, which will be of the same height as the marigold, as indifferent to sun or shade and to south, north, and east exposures, and with the same period of bloom? The mari- golds are satisfactory except for the disagreeable odor of the leaves and blossoms. Illinois. W. F. O. A.— Try zinnias, which resemble the marigolds. in having the same height and spread, and which bloom continuously all summer until cut down by late frosts. They even endure the first light touches of frost which would kill the marigold. Zinnias can be had in selected colors or in mixtures. The most satisfactory way would be to buy a good selec- tion of the colors that are desired, and select still further toward your own ideal. The objection to zinnias is a tendency to a certain crudity in color, but this has been separated from the best strains. They will grow wherever, the marigold will, doing equally well in both sun and shade. As a foreground to a zinnia bed grow the annual phlox, which will give bloom while the zinnias are attaining size. L. B. APPLYING NITRATE OF SODA Q.— How much nitrate of soda can be applied without danger to each bush and shrub in a border as a foliage stimulant? I put one-quarter tea- spoonful to each of my tomato plants (in 2-inch pots) and killed them all. Pennsylvania. W.W.K. A.— Nitrate of soda must be applied to potted plants in solution, not dry. If one ounce is dis- solved in a gallon of water and used once a week in giving an ordinary watering — nothing excessive— the plants will receive as much stimulant as they can reasonably stand. It is not entirely a question of quantity, either, that causes injury when dry salt is applied. The salt must be dissolved, and if the soil is appreciably dry the solution will be brought about by the extraction of water from the roots of the plants, thus causing a shock from which the tops never recover. ‘The best measure for the appli- cation of dry salt to field crops and shrubbery would be two ounces to the square yard, which could be scattered on the surface and raked in. It is a safe principle not to fertilize very young plants, but to , Wait until they have attained some reasonable degree 'of growth. Tomatoes, in any case, do not re- quire heavy fertilizing in the early stages of growth. The equivalent quantity for each 2-inch pot would be not more than 1} grains; you gave the plants about 100 times too much. APRIL, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 205 ae Success in Growing Roses ” IS ae) (Vy) depends upon, two things, the quality of the plants themselves and the knowledge of how to care forthem. The name “DINGEE SAS a: is the sterling mark—the guarantee of the high-bred quality that has made our Roses famous the world over. Dingee Roses are the healthiest, hardiest and best grown. we Growing Roses on their own roots is our specialty. We grow and sell each year over a million Rose plants. greenhouses and this vast collection to choose from, we may fairly claim to be the Leading Rose Growers of America. give the experience gleaned in threescore years in growing Roses’ we have published at an expense of over $10,000 “Sixty Years Among the Roses” | ! The Dingee Guide to Rose Culture | With seventy In order to | It describes and prices more than 600 leading kinds, a// on their own roots. It tells you the best Roses for your locality, and, most important of all, Aoz | to make them grow and bloom abundantly. ; : : | There are 116 large pages beautifully illustrated from photographs, including four full page pictures in natural colors; the color pages are not | cheap daubs of paint, but real, rich, charming photographic reproductions in all the soft and delicate tints of nature. “There is no other book of Roses | that compares with it. If in the past you have failed in growing Roses secure this book—you awill succeed. Our Firm was established in 1850, so we i have appropriately called this book “‘Sixty Years Among the Roses,’’ which summarizes the life work of its founder member, Charles Dingee, now eighty-four and still vitally interested while not active in the management or this business. | This Greatest of Rose Books Free! We have been asking a nominal charge for this valuable work to prevent indiscriminate distribution, but to the readers of the GARDEN MAGAZINE, while the edition lasts, it will be sent FREE for the asking. It describes and prices miscellaneous plants of all kinds, bulbs, Flower and Vegetable seeds. Write for it to-day. 2 _ Great Special Offering it 10,000 Dingee Iron-Clad, Own-Root Roses Large, Heavy, Three-Year-Old Field-Grown Plants for Quick Results | We now offer for the first time by any firm a collection of practically all the leading varieties of hardy and semi-hardy Roses al// on own roots, also a few varieties which do best when budded, each one a gem and famous the world over. As they are (with the few exceptions noted) al// on their 5 | awn roots, once planted they are practically permanent and require little or no care, which is not the case with imported budded and grafted plants. They are fully described in “‘Stxtry YeEaRs AMONG THE RosEs’’—copy FREE for the asking. I They are the sturdiest, strongest and best rooted plants ever offered in this or any other country, and so far superior to budded and grafted stock that it is not necessary for anyone to import Roses from England, Ireland or elsewhere, thus having to contend with the “‘sucker nuisance,’’ for this is } obviated in this great collection here offered. These plants are sold at an extremely low price, and we guarantee safe arrival to any point in the U. S. { and absolute satisfaction, or refund the money. The stock is limited. Orders may be sent immediately and booked, tf requested, for delivery when wanted; they will be filled in the rotation in ! which they are received until the stock is exhausted, when monev will be refunded. | PRICE of these extra heavy three-year-old plants, from 6, 7 and 8 inch pots, is 50c each, except where noted; $5.00 per dozen; $37.50 per 100, carefully packed, by express, purchaser paying transportation charges. Dingee High Grade Hardy Hybrid Perpetual or “Jane” Roses. (On own roots). Miscellaneous Varieties (Budded Plants). BARONESS ROTHSCHILD. form. 75c each. ENGLISH SWEETBRIAR. The old favorite pink variety. FRAU KARL DRUSCHKE (WHITE AMERICAN BEAUTY) Magnificent pure white. {5c each. PINK BABY RAMBLER. Brilliant shining pink. \ PINK MAMAN COCHET. Clear, rich pink. A superb garden Hi rose. None better. PINK SOUPERT. Large, handsome pink. PRINCESS BONNIE. Solid, deep crimson. TRIUMPH DE PERNET PERE. Magenta red. WELLESLEY. Beautiful pink. Imménse rosy pink; wonderful *Varieties marked with a star can be furnished until April 1bth, in large, heavy, three-year-old, domnant field plants. *ALFRED COLOMB. Rich crimson. *ANNA DE DIESBACH. Brilliant carmine. *ARCHDUCHESS ELIZABETH OF AUSTRIA. BARON DE BONSTETTIN. Superb dark red. BLACK PRINCE. Deep crimson, almost black. *BOULE DE NEIGE. Full, double, pure white. CAPTAIN CHRISTY. Rosy crimson. *CHESHUNT HYBRID. Beautiful vivid crimson; one of the best. COQUETTE DES BLANCHES. White, tinged rose. *COUNTESS OF ROSEBERY Bright pink DINSMORE. Rich crimson- scarlet. *EUGENE FURST. Crimson shaded maroon. *EMPRESS OF INDIA. Dark brownish crimson. *FRANCOIS LEVET Superb, full, double, cherry- pink shaded carmine. GENERAL JACQUEMINOT. Rich velvety crimson. GIANT OF BATTLES. Large double crimson. GLOIRE LYONAISE. Rich creamy white. Superb. *GLORY OF THE EXPOSITION OF BRUSSELS. Deep amar- anth shaded fiery red. *LOUIS VAN HOUTTE. Brilliant crimson. *MAD. ALFRED CARRIERE. Creamy whife, tinted yellow. MAD. CHARLES WOOD. Scarlet, shaded maroon. *MAD. PLANTIER. Pure white; large and double. MAD. MASSON. Bright rose. *MAGNA CHARTA. Rosy red, flushed crimson. MARCHIONESS OF LORNE. Rich pink. OAKMONT. Peach pink; very fragrant. *PERLE DES BLANCHES. Free blooming white. PRINCE CAMILLE DE ROHAN. Rich crimson maroon; large and full. A gorgeous beauty. *SIR THOMAS LIPTON. The best white Rugosa. *VICK’S CAPRICE. Satiny Pink, striped and dashed white and Carmine. Rosy carmine. Catalogue free. Established 1850. HARRISON’S YELLOW. Finest deep yellow. HER ESTE: Wonderful and immense; rosy pink $1.00 each. MABEL MORRISON. White tinged pink. 75c each. MARGARET DICKSON. Beautiful white. Superb flowers. 75c each. MERVEILLE DE LYON. Ivory white, flushed carmine. 75c each. SOLEIL d’OR. Orange yellow, blended reddish gold. YORK AND LANCASTER. Red and white, sometimes blotched and striped. $1.25 each. Dingee Miscellaneous Own-Root Roses. A Collection of the best and hardiest Ever-blooming Hybrid Teas, and Polyanthas. Splendid large specimen plants, all on own roots. CLARA WATSON. Salmon Pink. CLOTILDE SOUPERT. Ivory white, sbedingStowards center to silvery rose. *CRIMSON BABY RAMBLER. Always in bloom. Grows but 20 inches high. Magnificent clusters of ruby-red flowers Hardy everywhere. ETOILE DE LYON. Golden yellow. FREIHERR VON MARSCHALL. Superb red. HELEN GOULD. Warm, rosy ¢rimson. LA FRANCE. Beautiful silvery pink. MAD. EUGENE MARLITT. Splendid carmine-red. MAD. FRANCISCA KRUGER. Coppery yellow. MARIE GUILLOT. Pure white MARIE PAVIE, Excellenf creamy whife. METEOR. — Velvety crimson MRS. B. R. CANT. Silvery rose. PAPA GONTIER. Splendid crimson. Now is a good time to order. THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Box 13, West Grove, Pa. The Leading Rose Growers of America. 25 Acres. WHITE BABY RAMBLER. Snow-white trusses. WHITE MAMAN COCHET. The great white garden rose. CHAMPION OF THE WORLD. Splendid pink. Dingee. Miscellaneous Hardy Climbing Roses. Best and Freest Blooming Hardy Varieties Suitable for Porches, Pergolas, Trellises, Arbors, Hedges and Similar Purposes where Quick Results are Wanted. (All on own roots). CLIMBING BRIDESMAID. Dark pink. *CLIMBING CLOTILDE SOUPERT. Ivory white shaded silvery rose. Magnificent free blooming climber. CLIMBING HELEN GOULD. Rosy crimson, beautifully striped carmine. CLIMBING METEOR. Dark velvety crimson. Magnificent. *CLIMBING WOOTTON. Superb magenta red, passing to violet-crimson; richly shaded. *DOROTHY PERKINS. Clear shell pink flowers. None better. FARQUHAR. Beautiful pink; double flowers. KEYSTONE. The only yellow, everblooming, hardy climbing rose. Superb. LADY GAY. Clusters of cherry pink flowers. LEUCHTSTERN. Bright rose, white eye. Strong growing. PHILADELPHIA CRIMSON RAMBLER. An improved crimson Rambler. PINK RAMBLER. Brilliant pink. Immense trusses. REINE MARIE HENRIETTE. Beautiful crimson. *TAUSENDSCHON. The great new climber with many colored flowers. A superb introduction. TRIER. Immense white trusses. WHITE RAMBLER. Large white clusters. YELLOW RAMBLER. Golden yellow. JAMES SPRUNT. Splendid red climber. ¥E~ This is an opportunity of a life time. Place your order for these magnificent three-year-old specimen a plants to-day while the stock is complete. We will make the selection for you if desired and send you what : we, ourselves, would want were we buying instead of selling. Orders booked for delivery when wanted. 70 Greenhouses. The Readers’ Service will gladly assist in selecting decorations for the house 206 “The home of hardy evergreens.” THE MT. DESERT NURSERIES, BAR HARBOR, MAINE TREES, SHRUBS AND VINES Northern grown, well rooted and of vigorous habit. HARDY EVERGREENS FROM THE COAST OF MAINE A specialty. HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS Of tried and selected kinds and exceptional vitality — For garden and for landscape planting. Write for Catalogue BAR HARBOR, MAINE LEVEL =) Packing done with greatest care THE MT. DESERT NURSERIES BOSTROM’S $1522 FARM enables you to read the Target at a distance of over 400 yards, therefore the problem of a FARM f LEVEL with TELESCOPE at moderate cost has \ if at last been solved. Voluntary letters from every State in the Union show the complete satisfaction it gives for all kinds of DRAINAGE WORK, IRRIGATION, DITCHING, TERRACING and every sort of farm work requiring a Level. Guaranteed to be abso- lutely SIMPLE, ACCURATE, DURABLE and dependable im every respect. NOW is the time to send in your order. BOSTROM-BRADY MFG. CO. 154 MADISON AVENUE ATLANTA, GA. Complete Outhit with full instruc- tions, shipped anywhere C.0.D. $15.00 and express charges. Subject to Examina- Millions of Trees PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC. The oldest, largest and most complete nursery in Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable I. E. ILGENFRITZ’ THE MONROE NURSERY, ONLY HP Stationary*29 20 ' Engine 2% to 8 H. P. Proportionate Prices For use on the farm and in the shop. Runs cream separators, churns, pumps, grist mills, corn shellers, washing machines, lathes, printing presses, eto. Burns kerosene, (coal oil) aloohol, gasoline, naphtha, distillate, without change of equipment, starts without cranking, throttling governor, drop forged orank shaft, best grade babbitt bearings, free catalog 5 tells how to save half cost ofhiredhelp. Testimonials. 10,000) inuse. Allsizesin stook ready to ship. DETROIT ENGINE WORKS SONS CO. Monrogz, MicHican Vigorous Seeds from Cool Northeast Send 10c for Surprise Collection (6 Surprises) Cata- log and pkt. of new wonderful Beefsteak Lettuce free PINE TREE STATE SEED CO. BATH, MAINE will positively destroy all soit bodied sucking insects, including all forms of San Jose scale. It is simple, cheap, easily applied and wonderfully effective. Endorsed by government experiment stations, agri- cultural schools and thousands of fruit growers. PRICES—so-gal. bbl., $25. Freight paid if east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio rivers and N.C. state line. 30 gal., $155; 10 gal., $6; 5 gal., $3.25; x gal., $1, F. O.B Hackensack, N. J. Booklet I tells the whole tale. Pocket Diary and Spray Calendar for 1909 sent free. Mention this paper. B. G. PRATT CO., Mig. Chemists, Dept. ‘I,’ 50 Church Street, New York, N.Y. “NATURAL GUANO” PULVERIZED SHEEP MANURE Best natural plant food, pure and unadulterated, unexcelled for lawns, vegetables and flowers. The crude manure is taken from covered barns where sheep are fed for the market and is therefore much richer than manures exposed to the weather. It is thoroughly dried, ground and sterilized so that weed seeds are killed. We always have a large supply on hand, and can Price for 100 |b. bag $2.50, freight prepaid. Cash with order. Larger fill your order. Ask your dealer for our ‘‘ Natural Guano,” Pulverized Sheep quantities on application. Manure, or write us direct. | NATURAL GUANO COMPANY AURORA, ILLINOIS THE GARDEN MAGAZINE APRIL, 1909 PROPAGATING HONEYSUCKLE AND ARBORVITZ M. J. R., Penna. — Upright species of honeysuckle are propagated from layers and also from cuttings of dormant wood. The creeping varieties are propagated from cut- tings of dormant wood. Arborvite will not grow in shaded situations. The best time to plant the latter is in May or August; the honeysuckle in the fall or spring, as conye- nient. Arborvite makes the best hedge, but balsam fir Is quicker-growing. PEONIES FOR CUT FLOWERS C. A. G., Mich. — Some of the best pink and white varieties of peony for cut flowers are: White — Festiva Maxima, Madame de Verneville, Avalanche, Grandi- flora nivea plena, Monsieur Duperet and Duchesse de Nemours; light pink and pink and white — Achille, Dor- chester, Sarah Bernhardt, Mme. Calot, and Venus; deep pink — Madame Ducel, M. Jules Elie, Comte de Paris, Delicatissima and Lady Leonora Bramwell. ‘These are all early or second early varieties. A. H.F. STARTING IN BUSINESS F. A. W., N. Y. —If you are an amateur starting in the florists’ business, confine your efforts at first to subjects that are easily handled, such as carnations, violets, sweet peas, and bulbs, i. e., narcissus of various sorts and Roman hyacinths. Grow smilax, asparagus and small ferns for greens. Raise for sale, and for your own use, bedding plants and early vegetables, e. g., cabbage, lettuce, tomatoes, egg plants, celery, peppers, etc. Lettuce and tomatoes could be raised in the greenhouse in winter, but flowers will undoubtedly pay better. : VARIEGATED SHRUBS WORTH GROWING G. S. J., New York.— Some of the best variegated shrubs for general planting which can be obtained anywhere are as follows: Golden and silver leaved weigela (Diervilla floribunda, var. versicolor and D. florida, var. nana varie- gata), the variegated rose of Sharon (Hibiscus Syriacus, var. variegatus), Cornelian cherry (Cornus Mas), Siberian dogwood (Cornus alba, var. argenteo-marginata), silver margined kerria (Kerria Faponica, var. argenteo-variegata), yellow margined California privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium, var. aureo-marginatum), and the golden-leaved mock orange. For more rank growth there is the golden-leaved elder. Jo Ws Ss EVERGREENS FOR THE NORTH J. D. F., New York. — Some hardy coniferous ever- greens which you will undoubtedly find satisfactory about your grounds in the Adirondack region are: Nootka . Sound cypress (Chamecyparis Nutkensis, known in the trade as Cupressus Nutkensis); Reeve’s Chinese juniper (Funiperus Chinensis, var. mascula, known in the trade as var. Reevesi); Swedish juniper (Funiperus communis, var. Suecica); prostrate juniper (Funiperus Sabina, var. prostrata, known in the trade as 7. prostrata); dwarf Mugho pine (Pinus Montana, var. Mughus, known in the trade as P. Mughus); Swiss stone pine (Pinus Cembra); Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata); and Siberian arborvite (Thuya occidentalis, var. Wareana, known im the trade as var. Sihirica). Among the broad-leaved evergreens there is the great laurel (Rhododendron maximum), and the mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia). PLANTING NEW STRAWBERRY BEDS C. R. W., New York. — The general practice in straw- berry culture is to set plants in the spring and prevent fruiting the first year by picking out the buds as they appear. Cut off all runnersinthe early fall in order to throw the utmost vigor into the plants for the next season’s crop. At the same time allow one or two runners to root from each plant, if you wish to work on the renewal system for the bed; that is, allow just sufficient runners to root to fill up a row between the rows that are now planted and which will fruit next year. After fruiting, the old plants are then plowed or dug under and the new ones kept for fruiting the following season. Generally speaking, however, it is better to make a new bed in a new place, for that purpose allowing as many runners as may be necessary from the old bed which is then fruited for two years instead of one. The careful gardener can plant in the fall, even as late as October, if the ground is thoroughly enriched and properly mellowed. The best garden.practice, however, is to set | out pot-grown plants in August for fruiting next year. Such plants are to be bought from the dealers. APRIL, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 207 SYSTEM OF WATE erie nme enna Mite 21 taming a TEN rt eta | | \ Kewanee ae Outfits WN ise Have you a pumping problem to solve? Do you want to pump water from a well? From } acistern? Fromaspring? From a lake or river? From any source ? | Let us show you the most economical and satisfactory solution of your pumping problem. ei For more than ten years we have been solving water supply problems. Over nine thousand of those | problems have been solved successfully by Kewanee Systems. We have fur- | nished. complete water supply plants for over nine thousand people, with absolutely satisfactory results to our customers. As we developed our complete water supply plants, we also developed and perfected Kewanee Pumping Machinery. The technical knowledge of our engin- eers, combined with our broad practical experience, is placed at your service, whether you require a complete water supply plant or an outfit for pumping only. Our pumping outfits are adapted for any special pumping service, as well as for use with The Kewanee System of Water Supply i construction of automobile engines. The : Kewanee Pumping Engines represent a great stride in the construction of gasoline-power pumping engines. The engine in itself and combined with our specially designed pumps, is revolutionary in this field, just as Kewanee Pneumatic Tanks revolutionized the methods of storing and delivering water under pressure. The Kewanee Pumping Engine is furnished in twotypes. In one form, the engine is directly connected with a deep-well pump. The other type includes the engine combined with a suc- tion pump. The latter is for short lifts from shallow wells, cisterns, streams, etc. The engine can be quickly disconnected from the pump and used alone for other power pur- poses. The convenience of this arrangement will be appreciated where power is desired for operat- ing laundry machines, churns, feed cutters, etc. engine in a high priced touring car, does not represent a greater degree of perfect mech- anism than we have combined in this 24 H. P. gasoline engine. The entire mechanism of the Kewanee Engine is ‘‘open and above board.’’ Every part is immediately accessible. The ignition system on the Kewanee Engine is equal to that of a $5000 automobile—jump spark—‘‘Breech-Block’’ spark plug, instantly removable. Every part of a Kewanee Pumping Engine where wear may occur, is adjustable for wear. Bronze bushings are used at those wear- ing points. In years to come, instead of buy- ing a new pumping engine, it will only be necessary to replace a few bronze bushings. The engine cylinder is cast is one piece like the cylinder on an automobile engine. All troubles due to loss of compression, are en- tirely avoided. A Few Details The engine is built throughout in accordance with the best practice in the Limited space makes it impossible to say more here. Our gasoline pumping engine catalog contains a complete description and many illustra- tions. Write for that catalog and tell us about your water supply require- ments. If you want the pumping outfit only, mention the source of supply, and if it is a well, give usits three dimensions—depth, diameter, and distance from the ground level to the water level. Give flow of well in gallons per minute. If you require a complete water system, ask for our complete 64-page catalog No. 16. Either or both catalogs will be sent free, on request. As a special favor, mention this publication in your letter. Kewanee Engine combined with suction pump. Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, I[]linois. 1566 Hudson-Terminal Building, 50 Church Street, New York City. 305 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburg, Pa. 1212 Marquette Building, Chicago iil. 208 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE APRIL, 1909 ae ie T HE pre-eminence of these instruments is due princi- pally to their exquisite tone. It is peculiar to | them. q No other maker, though probably all have tried, has succeeded in reproducing it: q ‘The name guarantees the Highest Quality of Workmanship and Finish. Uprights, Chippendale design, $500 - -— Quarter Grands, Style R, $600. Chickering Pjanos may be bought of any regular Chickering representative at Boston prices with added cost of freight and delivery. Our literature will be sent upon request. Made Sole be GHIGRERING & SONG 840 Tremont Street Established 1823 Boston, Mass. 4 PLULOMES UR STOCK and collection of these splendid and popular hardy plants we believe to be the largest and finest in America. We have every good variety ob- | tainable in Europe and this country | i including some splendid novelties of our own raising. Our collection includes the best of the early and late varieties and an exceptionally complete list of dwarf and creep- ing sorts which are so valuable for naturalizing as well as for ordinary sardening uses. For full descrip- tions get our Spring Catalogue. PRICES: Per Dozen Per Hundred Per Thousand JBavdky ayncl Late Wail Wainieiiescsss ooo 5000 0800000000 $1 50 $10 00 $95 00 wo Weare Ollel Clhammpas soca co0e 090050004000 000006 3 00 20 00 ey nets Mixed Without Names. c o¢ 1 00 6 00 oot Phlox Maculata, a ailenaid ele species ae eearlieine il 25 7 00 60 00 BhloxeSualbuilateatcro ree cee aio ae Ghaiecs leysuds ws eitele 1 00 5 50 50 00 a on AIWNEME Tid Creneuae re ia eiinete Si pick Wteleie 1 00 6 00 aan a a IMIGGISI| 2 eae.s otto ate Soka ence neces ae 1 25 7 00 Steen Phlox Divaricata (Wild Sweet William)-.....-..----- 1 00 6 00 50 00 Alba, new white variety ---------- 2 50 sevear Baus All of the above strong field-grown plants. We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including three hundred varieties of the choicest Peonies, one hundred varieties of Japanese and European Tree Peonies, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world and an unsurpassed collec- |] tion of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue describing these and hundreds of other Hardy |}. Plants, Trees, Rhododendrons, Azaleas and Shrubs, will be sent on request. “A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS,” by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrangement. We have made a contract with the publishers of this book which enables us to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars on request. ELLIOTT NURSERY CO. 336 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. Zesrunlin Sraniiann PORTLAND ENT NONE JUSTAS GOOD “Concrete Construction the Home and on the Farm” Every reader of The Garden Magazine should have this book. It is sent free. It tells you how you can make many small improvements about your place—watering troughs, hitching posts, horse blocks, sidewalks and door steps—without skilled help. Some of these things are surprising, all are practical, and all are economical. It tells you why the success of concrete construction depends upon the quality of the cement Concrete is a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand and some | everybody. It isthe brand purchased by the United States Govern- kind of Portland Cement. ment for the Panama Canal. “Portland Cement” is nothing but the name of a kind of cement. It doesn’t stand for quality, but the name “‘Atlas”’ does. See that your architect or builder specifies the Portland Cement by “Concrete Country Residences” (delivery charges 25 cents) ; the name “‘Atlas,” or see that youget Atlas when you buy it yourself. | “ Concrete Cottages’ (sent free); ‘“‘ Reinforced Concrete in Factory Atlas is absolutely pure, is made in but one grade, the same for | Construction” (delivery charges 10 cents.) THE ATLAS porttann CEMENT CO., inquiry DEPT.,30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK LARGEST CAPACITY OF ANY CEMENT COMPANY IN THE WORLD—OVER 40,000 BARRELS PER DAY Other books on building that will interest you: THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK A Spray Calendar for Amateurs |<. Evergreens for Present Planting Dahlias for Everybody’s Garden Bulbs for Summer Flowers Four Plans for Suburban Lots gh OSE COUNTRY LIFE , DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. THE WORLD’S IN AMERICA 133-137 EAST 16th STREET, NEW YORK | WORK = a eae" Your Trees ==Have Life and Deserve to Live I Trees are almost human, staunch and loyal, but do you = Are you as loyal to them as — i —S — appreciate them as you should? they are to you? When you were a child, doubtless every tree about the old home was as much a thing of personality as the horses and dogs you loved—the boys and girls you trudged to school with. a Perhaps to each tree you gave aname—the sturdy old oak close by = 384" =~ the road; the trusty and faithful elm that towered high above the roof peak of the house; and the weeping willow in the fence corner close by the driveway. Possibly you were told the legend of mother’s mother who when but a girl in her teens returned one day froma ride and threw her whip in a corner— == 57” a mere slip of willow she had found that afternoon ; how days passed and the slip took root ; how years passed and it became the weeping willow that you knew. a Still other years have passed and the struggles of life have cau-el you to forget, maybe, ‘ — $e pee Oe Ses =o = oes tthe ee ~ W ‘ . v4 7 ow At ra = Pte, enrol) 5 whe thie x ST tae deg ase, when wounded, their protection from practical experience with trees. John Davey’s life work h destroying enemies. The Davey methods "«* . ses the tree-friends = are, and died. = willow. * “The lives of these trees might have bee to love and care for them as you did of ol entities indeed; worthy of every token of tenderness and every care bestow upon them. They cannot complain to you, and today they may appear healthy; dying within. Let your watchfulness supply their lack of voice ! as been the care of trees—their treatment when sick, their treatment are sure ones—the result of nearly fifty years’ No matter what ails your trees, if they are not too far gone, the Davey experts can save them—and if not saved, whence can you hope to replace them ? h The Davey School of Practical Forestry. at Kent, Ohio, is the culmination of John Davey’s of the life and needs of the trees. Its corps of highly trained experts are at your service— dition that means years of added usefulness and beauty. For the asking; you can have our telling you all about the Davey methods—explaining why we have so many letters like this: Mr. John Davey, Mott House, Tarrytown, N. Y. My Dear Sir:—It gives me pleasure to express the satisfaction Their need of attention, which you plainly indicated, was a revelation to me, and efficiently done, and will serve not only to beautify but perpetuate the lives of the trees. courtesy and industrious character of your employees. 26 Broadway Very truly yours, THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO. [Operating Davey’s School of Practical Forestry] Eastern Office—TARRYTOWN. N. Y. Main Office—K ENT, OHIO. ‘‘The Home of Tree Surgery.” Address Nearest Offic of your childhood. The old oak was wounded, had not proper A mighty storm lacerated the mam 42 mo-i elm; it was neglected and today isa mere wreck of its former self, Only a dying -~= trunk stands to remind you of the legend of the weeping NZ n preserved, had you not forgotten d. All the treesare your friends— you can while great effort for the recognition they can restore your trees to a con- handsome illustrated booklet N , New York. July 15, 1907 I feel over the work done on my trees at Tarrytown. and I feel that your work was thoroughly I beg also to certify to the JOHN D. ARCHBOLD. Ce The first series of low-priced practical hand books on home gardening that has appeared in America. The GARDEN LIBRARY Uolumes may be purchased separately ROSES By MANY EXPERTS The only recent book on this most popular of all flowers which deals directly with Am- erican practice both out doors and under glass in all sections of the country. FERNS By G. A. WOOLSON The contribution of a nature student who has successfully solved the problem of growing the beautiful native ferns of our With tables of the puzzling fern names. Eastern woods. LAWNS By LEONARD BARRON DAFFODILS — NARCISSUS By A. M. KIRBY All that is really worth while about these most popular of spring bulbs written from the standpoint of American con- ditions by the foremost au- thority. Devoted exclusively to the actual making and after man- agement of small or large ornamental gYass plots, with formulze for seed mixtures for special soils and sites. WATER-LILIES By HENRI HUS and HENRY S. CONARD A practical garden knowledge of the best water-lilies and other aquatics, by America’s great authority on the family. With cultural details, making of ponds, and facts about suc- cessful management. Each volume practical and complete, beautifully illustrated, net, $1.10 (postage 8 cents) OTHER COOLUMES IN PREPARATION DOUBLE DAY; PAGE, cc GLO Mae EAGN Ne NEW YORK May, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 211 LS rN (ATLAS ES Sean ZS PORTLAND D> Houses of Stucco Over Blocks, or Tile F blocks or tile are used in building a house, they should be concrete blocks or concrete tile. Then you have the same material throughout where expansion and contraction from heat or cold is equal, and the possibility of danger avoided. stucco cracking or scaling. AS PORTLAND CEMENT Stucco over concrete blocks or concrete tile makes a durable, dry, fire and vermin-proof house, that requires no paint and no repairs, that is warm in winter and cool in summer. Stucco, concrete blocks and concrete tile made with Atlas Portland Cement will give the greatest amount of satisfaction, because Atlas Port- land Cement is the standard brand — always pure, always uniform and always in one grade — the same for everybody. The U.S. Government has pur- chased 4,500,000 barrels of Atlas for use in building the Panama Canal, the largest order for cement ever placed. Write for these booklets : “‘Concrete Country Residences’”’ (delivery charges 25 cents) “Concrete Cottages’’ (sent free) * TYPE We think that there will very soon be a strong manifestation of public opinion about the use of readable type. As competition grows keener, type seems to grow smaller and poorer, until our oculists say that children will soon need to be born with glasses. In our own books, we are planning to use larger type, and the faces known as Caslon and Scotch. both full strong letters, restful to the long-suffering eye. We made a bad mistake in setting up Mr. Benson’s novel “‘The Climber,” referred to in the last paragraph, the type was too small. We have thrown these plates into the melting pot, and have set the 500 pages over again in type two sizes larger, and all the editions hereafter printed will be in this larger type, which we hope will be found comfortable to read. MRS. HUMPHRY WARD’S NEW BOOK On May 2oth, or thereabouts, we expect to publish Mrs. Ward’s new novel, “‘ Marriage a la Mode,” which has been running as a serial in McClure’s Magazine. It is the first book in which Mrs. Ward has laid even part of the scene in the United States, and to this degree reflects the influence of her visit last spring. The book will be sold at the fixed price of $1.20, or $1.30 when sent by mail. It is abundantly illustrated, and the story has been largely re-written. THE LIBRARY SALES ROOM has been moved down to the second floor of our building 133-137 East 16th Street, for the convenience of our friends. Here all our books, pictures, and magazines are shown, and a com- fortable place provided to read them. THE GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC It may seem late to talk about almanacs, which usually find their only sale at the begin- ning of the year — not so ‘‘The Garden and Farm Almanac.” This is the time when the book sells well and is most used. ‘The price is 25 cents postpaid, and the volume will not be reprinted. 214 What is a fair rental for a given THE GARDEN MAGAZINE May, 1909 property? Ask the Readers’ Service Boddington’s Quality Dahlias Are “good from the ground up.” Boddington’s Garden Guide Contains four pages of the most up-to- date and promising dahlias. All the giant, decorative cactus, pompon, single and pony flowered, in unique and kaleidoscope colorings. Surprise your garden and place some of these grand flowers. Boddington’s Garden Guide a unique 144 page catalogue, hand- somely illustrated with engravings from life, beautiful color insert, art cover, and concise, practical cultural directions. Mailed Free to Applicants ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON SEEDSMAN 342 West 14th Street Dept. B New York City Don’t Dig Weeds Kill them with THISTLEINE. Spray the walks, driveways and gutters with THISTLEINE. ONE SPRAYING will keep them FREE FROM WEEDS and GRASS the ENTIRE SEASON. Kills dande- lions, burdock and Canada thistles. 5-POUND CAN OF THISTLEINE will make sufficient solution to SPRAY 4,000 SQUARE FEET. Price, $2.00. If your dealer doesn’t keep it send money direct to LINDGREN CHEMICAL CoO., Grand Rapids, Mich. Used for four years by the Cily of Grand Rapids and officially endorsed. GARDEN FURNITURE OF OOLITIC STONE This urn, 22 inches in height by 17 inches in diameter, is offered for $18, freight prepaid to any point east of the Missouri River. Its ample bowl, capable of growing flowers, bay trees, palms or ferns, is water- proofed and has an interior drain of iron pipe through the bottom. Indiana oolitic, as you know, is a white stone, as hard and almost as close-grained as marble; it grows harder each year when exposed to the elements. Special Designs Executed.—At our extensive quarries and mills we execute with artistic fidelity special designs for seats, dials and every- thing made of stone. An estimate will be made promptly on receipt of drawing and specifications. OOLITIC QUARRIES COMPANY, Saks Building, Indianapolis, Ind. Y COURSES VERYONE interested in farming or gardening, everyone who owns or who expects to own a suburban or country home, should know about the Home Study Courses in Agri- culture, Horticulture, Landscape Gardening and _ Floriculture, which we offer under Prof. Wm. P. Brooks of the Massachusetts Agricultural College and Prof. John Craig, of Cornell University. HOME STUD JOHN CRAIG @ There is money, and pleasure Professor of Horticulture in Cornell too, in farming and gardening, in University ’ z the growing of fruit and of flowers, for those who understand the ways how and the reasons why of modern agriculture. A knowledge of landscape gardening and floriculture is indispensable to those who would ever have the pleasantest homes. @ Every reader of THE GarDEN Macazine who is interested in these matters is invited to send for a free copy of our eighty- page catalogue and full information in regard to our home study courses. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 8, SPRINGFIELD, MASS. The Readers’ Service will gi May, 1909 CGE CoAT aE ENG) MEA GIAVZ INCE sejormdtion about automobiies, 215 : Siemens cutis cA, dat MAY, 1909 | ty Cover DrsiGN—Oleander : , : i . . . ore a : 3 : . 5 : : : : : Helen Ingersoll | PAGE Dee 1 ' 7 1 Act BrEroreE May Ist . : 4 é j 3 ; q 5 Buy VINES FOR PorcH EFFECTS . : E é : 5 AWG TG ID, 23 i ENGLAND’s NEw KInp oF FLOWER BED : Wilhelm Miller 218 Photograph by Nathan R. Graves Photographs by E. J. Wallis QUALITY IN WATERMELONS . : : : G. B. Donnelly 240 3 Wat Ams Your Prants? . Le ees . E. Porter Felt 221 SHIPPING PouLTRY TO MARKET . ; F. H. Valentine 242 | Four PLANS FOR A 150X150 Fr. Lot . : - J, (C, hele LO WHEN To PLANT . q ; : d ; . J.L. Kayan 244 \ EVERGREENS FOR PRESENT PLANTING . . John W. Duncan 228 Weer ie 1D T F SW. Fletc | Photographs by H. E. Angell, C. H. Miller, and others AYS TO 1 HIN PRUIT 5 2 een . Fletcher 246 ‘ i TENDER BULBS FOR SUMMER FLOWERS... Richard Barton 230 Toe Best BREED Or Cow . . . . . John Harrison 248 il Photographs by N. R. Graves, A. G. Eldredge, and others PLANTING HEDGES 7 ‘ 5 A p David McIntosh 250 i DAHLIAS FOR EVERYBODY’S GARDEN. : . Maurice Fuld 232 Photograph by H. E. Angell i se Tee E ee By Nokes Gravesend ollcrs wes THE Busy Tre Commences . . . Thomas J. Steed 252 |W peg adee te ULES ee eis Benes ACams 234 A New CLassIFICATION OF DAHLIAS. . Bo 4 ot, Mee Lies THat May Be PLANTED IN SPRING . - & Hufielen 234 Pp ; ii Disimeswse yy Me ib. Wensjieaucl NL IR. Gees SHIRLEY POPPIES WITH CANDYTUFT . : : -M.M.G. -56 7 Growinc Easter LILIES IN THE UNITED STATES : : 284 More Azout Toaps . . : ai mpi H.C. Anderson 256 | |i} Are Your TuLips DIsEASED? : 5 : : : 5 DEY FERTILIZER ADVICE FOR AMATEURS. . Claude H. Miller 258 ‘VV A CURTAIN OF CoBG&A . ‘ ; ‘ : . James Bennett 238 AN UNCOMMON VARIETY OF SQUASH . : W. R. L. Dwyer 262 compan eee a eee ae x a ee ConIFERS IN AMERICA AND ENGLAND . . . ~~. F. Moore 264 | BE eo Or e 2 MS eS: en $240,000 IN SWEET PEAS : ; : : ; ; W.G. 264 | Julie Adams Powell 238 Photograph by Nathan R: Graves ANSWERS TO QUERIES : . C : c . : : . 266 SUBSCRIPTION: For Foreign Post I s o WILHELM MILLER, Eprror—Copvricut, 1909, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY sh She ia | One doll Single Cee nee Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 For Canada add 3sc. | *_]| F. N. Doustepay, President Wa tter H. Pacer, Hersert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanter, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer f WHEELOCK Rust Proof ence, rellis, Flower Bed Guard, Tree i] Guards, Etc.., At Your Dealers. ee i WHEELOCK FENCE DEPT. | WRIGHT WIRE CO., WORCESTER, MASS. Send for sample and new catalogue. 216 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE THE BAY STATE NURSERIES Vigorous New Enégland Grown Stock North Abington Mass. The Service and Facilities We Offer to Every Garden Owner HIS is an introductory announcement; it is our purpose to explain on this page every month the service we can render every reader of THE GARDEN MaAGAzINE who is interested in beautiful home grounds. We believe a nurseryman should be more Fag than a grower of trees —he should }\ey furnish honest stock of tested merit, “ae ae properly packed, at reasonable prices, and fi furthermore he should be the adviser and helper of his clients as his experience fits him to be. (We are anxious to work | with you for better gardens, and this and subsequent announcements will tell how we are able to do it.) OUR STOCK is well grown as hundreds who have visited our nursery can testify. It has vitality and thrift. It has become used to the shock of transplanting and will live in your garden if planted as we aineee WE CO mor GrOW everything, but we do claim to grow some of the best of everything adapted to the northern latitude. OUR PACKING isa feature we want you to know about. dhe best) Vol “stock cannot stand exposure due to poor, experience under cover, in one of the most perfect and best arranged establishments of the kind in the world. There are larger ones but none better either in this country or in Europe. OUR SERVICE. Expert advice in all matters pertaining to the selection or plant- ing of shrubs, trees and plants for the home grounds is free for the asking. We have built up our business by holding our clients year after year and adding # new business through the recommendations of people we have served. Therefore we welcome a close, personal relationship with our customers. It is both a privilege and a duty to assist you all we can. OUR PRICES are reason- able when QUALITY is con- sidered. Cheap nursery stock is dear at any price; it is simply a waste of time, space and money. Ordinary shrubs, good, strong, well-rooted plants, 35c. each, $2.50 for 10, $20 per hundred. Roses, 2-year- old field grown, that will bloom freely first year, same price. Perennials, field grown, Isc. each, $1.25 per I0, $10 per - hundred. Rhododendrons, from one to five feet, $1 to $5 each. We have Evergreens, Per- May, 1909 careless packing. Our stock is handled so that the delicate, ennials, Peonies, German and Japanese Irises in great variety. fibrous root system is. not injured, and we guarantee it to SEND FOR OUR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, which reach you in as good condition as when it was lifted contains valuable information and cultural directions. Better from the soil. All of our packing is done by men of still, send a trial order to be paid for after stock is received. THE BAY STATE NURSERIES Vigorous New England Grown Stock NORTH ABINGTON, MASS. — The Garden Magazine VoL. IX—No. 4 PUBLISHED MONTHLY (For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude.] Act Before May Ist ‘| as best time to plant hardy deciduous trees, shrubs, vines, perennials, fruit trees, and berry bushes is while the plants are dormant. If they have already started to grow in your locality, you can still plant safely by ordering from nursery- men in the northern tier of states, or by getting pot-grown plants. The best time to plant evergreens is during the short period when the frost gets out of the ground and before buds begin to open. If nursery stock arrives before you can plant it, put it in the coolest place you have. The later you plant, the more you should prune. Plant half-hardy bulbs. The most impor- tant are gladioli, torch lily, cinnamon vine, Madeira vine, and summer hyacinths. Less common, but altogether lovely, are the Mexican star flower (Milla biflora), coral drops (Bessera elegans), rain lily, and evening star (Cooperia pedunculata and Drummondii), the zephyr flowers (Zep/iyr- anthes, especially Z. Atamasco), and the Peruvian lilies or alstromerias. Mont- bretias are also interesting. Don’t let your flower beds look like mud pies until May r5th. It is not safe to put out tender plants before that, but you can buy pansies, English daisies, and forget- me-nots on April 15th from your local florist, and have a month of bloom before most people plant cannas. Beginners who have to start a garden after the fifteenth of April will find the double, spring-planting April number of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE a good guide. Divide the perennials in your hardy border, and share the increase with neigh- bors and friends. If plants of any kind are backward use MAY; 1909 J ONE DOLLAR A YEAR | FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy nitrate of soda. It shows results in three to five days after a rain. But don’t use it on a lawn after the grass has started to grow well, except in solution. May ist to May 15th BEFORE all danger of frost in your locality is past it will be safe to do these things: Sow outdoors seeds of tender vegetables, but do not set out any plants. The ten- der vegetables are beans, corn, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, cucumbers, pumpkin, squash, okra, sweet potato, and martynia. Be prepared for the frost that is almost sure to°come the second week in May, after the thousands of too-eager persons have set out tomato plants. Get boxes and newspapers all ready to cover plants. If plants are frosted, shade them from the sun, and if possible spray them with the coldest water so that they will thaw out very slowly. “Harden off” tender vegetables and flowers by moving them from hotbeds to coldframes. Finish the first thinning and_ trans- planting of all the hardy vegetables and flowers in your garden. Cultivate strawberries for the last time, and just before they bloom mulch them so as to keep sand and grit out of the fruit. You ought to have home-grown aspara- gus practically every day in May until peas are ready to eat. Have you surplus asparagus to can? Don’t plant two-year- old roots. One-year-old will do better and cost less. Need any bean poles, tomato stakes, vine or peony supporters? Chicken wire? Bamboo stakes? Iron rods? Sow outdoors seeds of half hardy flowers, but not tender ones. For example, sow flowering tobacco, salpiglossis, schizanthus, Swan River daisy, crimson flax, sweet wood- ruff, datura, and night-scented stock; but not nasturtiums or rose moss. Sow some of the best half-hardy vines, For the porch choose canary-bird vine or convolyulus. Let the children plant near the back fence balloon vine, squirting cucumber, balsam apple, balsam pear, and the following gourds — dishcloth, hedgehog, gooseberry, and snake cucumber. Buy bedding plants from the local florist so as to be sure to get just the right color of geranium, petunia, verbena, or phlox. Bring them home or let him hold them until it is safe to set them out. Otherwise you may get only riffraff. Plant tea roses from pots. Dig dandelions out of the lawn and use them for greens, or else use a weed killer -that will kill all the large-leaved weeds without hurting the grass. May 15th to 31st FTER all danger of frost in your locality 1s past, set out tender plants. Transplant to the open ground all ten- der vegetables and flowers in coldframes or flats. Buy vegetable plants from seedsmen of national reputation one or two days distant by mail. Don’t buy nameless tomato plants from the corner grocery. Finish second thinning of vegetables and annuals. The more room you give plants, the larger and better will be the product. Plant tender bulbs and roots. The most important are cannas, dahlias, the caladium, and the tuberose. The peacock flower, or tigridia, has a great range of color. Crin- lums are gorgeous lily-like plants. Spider lilies and the sea daffodil are charming, and so is the exquisite white flower which gardeners call Ismene. Two summer- blooming species of oxalis are said to make very dainty edgings. Sow tender annuals, give them extra food, water, and care, and you may beat neigh- bors who started them early indoors. Among the tenderest are sensitive plant, celosia, cotton, touch-me-not, everlastings, ice plant, and other mesembryanthemums, wish- bone flower, or torenia, and the musk plant. Sow seeds of tender vines, especially nasturtiums, Japanese hop, moonvine, and all gourds. Let the children grow the egg, apple, pear, bottle, dipper, mock orange, and sugar trough gourds, also the wax cucumber. Prune only shrubs that have finished blooming, e.g., golden bells, or forsythia. Don’t trim to balls, but cut out the old- est branches right down to the ground, so as to have new wood always coming on. Shrubs produce most of their flowers on young wood. Give roses liquid manure once a week from the time the flower buds can be seen until the color shows — then stop. The only way to keep ahead of weeds in the critical month of May is to have the best tools. Send for an illustrated tool catalogue. Window boxes cost more and do less than vines. If your house or office lacks vines, provide for them first. Every impor- tant kind of vine can now be planted from pots any month right through the summer. If you cannot get them locally, ask the Readers’ Service Department. A bed of Philadelphus Lemoine, showing the arching grace and stems covered nearly their whole length with flowers. We now have a dozen low shrubs with the same faultless habit The “‘ continuous-blooming effect’? — hardy hydrangeas. Others that will bloom two or three months are Baby Rambler rose, gaillardias, the Napoleon III. pink, Miss Lingard phlox, etc. England’s New Kind of Flower Bed—By Wilhelm Miller, ¥% IT HARMONIZES WITH OUR CLIMATE BETTER THAN OUR PRESENT PLAN, COSTS LESS, IS ATTRAC- TIVE TWO MONTHS LONGER EVERY YEAR AND ABOLISHES ANNUAL DIGGING AND REPLANTING [Eprror’s Note.—This is the fifth of a series of articles showing how we can get nearly all the important English garden effects, not with European materials, but with American plants, as a rule, and a few Japanese for “spice.” “English Effects with Hardy Contfers” appeared in Fanuary; “Trees,” in February; “Shrubs,” in March; “Broad-leaved Evergreens,” in April. Other articles will describe the most important English effects with vines, bulbs, perennials, etc. A companion series in “Country Life in America” is devoted to the different types of gardening, e. g., Landscape Gardening (in January); Formal Gardens (February); Rose Gardens (March); W ater Gardens (May), etc.| iE THERE is any one thing on which we Americans pride ourselves it is on being ‘‘up-to-date,” or at least progressive, yet the style of flower bedding we commonly affect belongs to the same period as ‘“‘hoop skirts, hair-cloth sofas, corkscrew curls, infant damnation, and b’iled dinners.” I[ refer to that “‘aberration of the human mind,” carpet bedding, of which William Morris said he ‘‘could not think, even when quite alone, without a blush of shame.” For it is a shame to shear plants unnecessarily, thus sacrificing all their natural beauty of form. It is a shame to banish or minimize flowers. It is a shame to consider the most complicated designs the most elegant. And it is a shame to get color in such a crude and gaudy way when we can have material that will har- monize with our climate and environment. Or, in practical language, tender plants cost more than hardy ones, and carpet beds are empty and unsightly for at least seven- twelfths of the year, from the first frost of autumn to the last one of spring. William Robinson has changed the face of England by inducing people to sweep away most of this false art and restore hardy plants on a new and better basis. We have never had in America any such revolution in gardening because we have only begun to have gardens. But every foot of England was, broadly speaking, cultivated to the utmost then, as now, so that the land was filled with old and precious gardens. This beauty was suddenly de- faced when the bedding mania swept prac- tically all hardy flowers out of gardens and Still more The elegant foliage of Munkia ovata. refined is the white day lily. Funkias need no edging or supplementary plants, but cannot stand full sunshine transformed England into one gigantic crazy quilt. It is only faint echoes of all this that come to us in books. I used to think such talk merely “‘literary.” But everywhere in England last summer [ heard about “‘the real thing” from old men, who were refused admission to flower shows for their larkspurs, peonies, irises, and other hardy flowers. And on many fine estates I heard of great sums wasted in trying and discarding the bedding system. Yet there was really some sense in the bedding system in the early forties. China and Japan had not been opened to the world and, therefore, about one-half of the best hardy plants now cultivated were then unknown. Moreover, hardy plants, as a rule, bloom only two weeks, whereas gera- niums, verbenas, and annual phlox will bloom for three months. It is no wonder that the gardeners tired of the hardy flowers then known, because many of them were un- sightly, or at least commonplace in foliage. 218 For instance, the foliage becomes shabby in forget-me-nots, columbines, and sweet Williams after these have bloomed; it is rather coarse and weedy in foxgloves and hollyhocks; subject to disease in phlox and larkspurs; commonplace in asters and gaillardias; and often disappears after blooming in the case of Oriental poppies. Another reason why the old gardeners sickened of hardy plants is that the ordi- nary mixed border was not then, and is not now, artistic. They used to “dot” and “‘repeat,” 7. e., use the same kind of - plant singly in all parts of the border, the effect of which is generally weak and spotty. Nowadays we understand better that the only way to get strong, pure effects is to plan first for a few large masses. So we cannot blame the old gardeners for preferring three months of bloom to two weeks. But the next step they took is hard to forgive, because tender foliage plants that have no beauty, save color, are the most ignoble type of vegetation. I do not deny that coleus will give more color for the money than any plant that grows, and it submits with lamb-like grace to the shears. But so will billboards give color —and twelve months, too, instead of five. A plant without growth, flower, or fruit is like a man without character. Carpet bedding becomes insufferably monotonous. It may be justified in small public parks, where people would steal flowers, but to make it the dominant feature of a private estate is really “‘a case for the blue wagon.” There are many disciples of William Robinson who go farther than the master. a ——s yee Dsrye > May, 1909 They cry, ‘‘Away with tender plants and carpet bedding!” and talk as if there were something high and holy about hardy: plants per se. I do not believe in going to extremes in anything, and I defy any shouter for ‘“‘old fashioned flowers” to name any hardy plant that will do as much for the money as the geranium. Here we have good color, three months of bloom, beauty of form in leaf and flower, fragrance, and extraordinary ease of culture. It is not necessary to use the varieties with piercing colors and leaves marked like Joseph’s coat, for even the geranium is capable of quiet and cool effects. In other words, tender bedding plants are not wrong in themselves, as many writers say; it is only the abuse of the bedding system that is wrong. Even in a private garden, a few beds of tender plants are usually desirable, because every garden needs at least one spot of color every day throughout the growing season, and I gladly acknowledge that tender plants will usually solve this problem better than hardy ones. But now that the treasures of the Far East are lavished upon us we have hardy plants suitable for practically every purpose the most exacting gardener can conceive. And whenever we have any special object to accomplish we ought to try nine times to find a hardy plant that will do the work before falling back on a tender one. And this for two reasons: First, hardy plants harmonize better with our climate and en- vironment than tropical plants. Second, as a rule, they are cheaper to maintain. And in the long run, those effects which grow naturally out of the soil and out of true economy will be recognized as the most artistic. An artistic border, with bold, irregular outlines and strong mass effects, is better than any formal arrangement nine times out of ten, because a border has more variety throughout the season than a bed. But granting that you really need beds of formal shape, do you not prefer the effects here pictured to any that can be had with ten- der plants? Do they not harmonize better? Are they not cheaper inthe end? Are they not a relief fromthe flatness of carpet beds? -It would be unfair and childish for me THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Tamarisk (not tamarack), showing the exquisite harmony between feathery foliage and plumy flowers, which are a tender pink. Tall tamarisk is weak and thin; this is kept low and dense to rhapsodize about the flowers of hardy perennials, as opposed to mere foliage plants, because the real question is: “Are there any hardy plants with beautiful foliage that are suitable for bedding?” The answer is, dozens of them — dozens that will not grow tiresome when seen daily for five months. There is no need of getting five months of raw color from plants with commonplace foliage, like coleus and alternanthera and acalypha, of which we use millions in America. A better idea is to make sure of beautiful foliage for at least five months, and in addition have exquisite flowers, even if they only last a fortnight. THE LONG-BLOOMING EFFECT We now have at least twenty-five peren- nials and low shrubs that will bloom as long as tender bedding plants — say two months or more, ¢. g., gaillardias, Miss Lingard phlox, Stokes’s blue aster, the Napoleon III. pink, the Baby Rambler rose, two kinds of hydrangea, Eupatorium celestinum, and certain varieties of Veronica and ragged robin with names a foot long. But I place no emphasis on “‘everbloom- 219 ing” plants, because they are somewhat like a thirty-cent dinner with wine — they give rather too much for the money. It is an excellent idea to use a bed or two of them, so as to be sure of color always, but to make them dominant is to destroy one of the keenest pleasures, viz., a sense of the procession of the seasons. I hope the great majority of hardy plants will always definitely mark certain months, for the best thing to live with is not a ‘‘continuous performance” by flowers. Much better is a broken series of dramatic floral events. Therefore, let us turn from these ‘‘harpers on a single string,” and see how we can have a variety of flowers at different times. FOUR CROPS IN EVERY BED Anybody can have four crops of hardy flowers in every flower bed, and I think most of us ought to be satisfied with that, provided the foliage does not become shabby. For instance, let the main feature be peonies. Between these plant bulbs of Lilium speciosum. Edge the bed with trailing myrtle. Then under this plant daffodils. Thus you will get a small show of daffodils in April, a good display of peonies in June, scattering flowers from the myrtle all spring and summer, and a fair show of lilies in September. This bed may last ten or even twenty years without radical change. You avoid all the expense and ugliness of annual digging. You have perfect foliage in peonies and myrtle, and the deficiencies of any lilies you may plant will be hidden. For most lilies are thin or stiff in foliage effect, and are hard to arrange effectively, but here they have a good background. Dozens of good combinations like the one given above can be made from the plants mentioned in this article, with the help of these four rules: 1. Try for an early and a late spring, a summer, and an autumn flower. Simul- taneous effects are appropriate in the border, but for a bed, successive effects are better. 2. Select first the centre-piece, prefer- ably a low shrub or a perennial that grows two or three feet high. 3. Next choose the filler for the centre- piece, preferably a bulb. A forsythia bed carpeted with glory of the snow, which blooms in March, Ff, viridissimad bas green branches. Forsythias have golden bells in March. A bed of Magnolia stellata, showing the white flowers in March, two months before tender bedding plants are set out. Edged with grape hyacinths 220 4. Then select a carpeting plant for the edging, making sure that it has perfect foliage. If the centre-piece is bare or shabby at the base, choose an edger high enough to screen this fault. You can have a different kind of bulb under the edging. THE BEST CENTRE-PIECES The late or Chinese peonies are the best for centre-pieces because they are the longest lived perennials that can be obtained in many colors. They generally bloom in early June in the North. I would reject columbines, European peonies, sweet Will- iams, foxgloves, larkspurs, poppies, Japan iris, bee balm, and most varieties of phlox. The best perennials for the purpose, in my opinion, are: Bleeding heart Early May Peach-leaved bellflower Mid-June Gas plant . June-July Japanese balloon flower July-Aug. Miss Lingard phlox July-Oct. Swamp rose mallow . August Japanese anemone September Subsessile veronica Aug-Sept. Hardy chrysanthemums Sept.-Nov. I think we ought to use low shrubs for bedding, as the English often do. For THE GARDEN MAGAZINE much room. Therefore, bulbs are best, as a rule. I would reject hyacinths and early tulips because they are not permanent enough; also English and Spanish iris. The best, in my opinion, are: Crown imperial Early April Daffodils . . . Late April Poet’s narcissus 5 0 May Darwin tulips. . > : May Madonna lily . 5 5 ° June Lilium elegans . 0 3 . July Lilium Henryi . 5 c Aug. Lilium speciosum . 2 Sept. THE BEST CARPETING PLANTS Carpeting plants should do three things: (1) hide every inch of soil; (2) furnish at- tractive foliage for seven months; (3) bear some interesting flowers. It is possible to carpet the whole of a bed, but there is no point in doing it if the shrubs or perennials in the centre would hide them. Conse- quently, the edge of the bed is all that needs carpeting. However, it is often a good plan to fill every inch of a bed with small bulbs like crocuses, glory of the snow, or scillas, which bloom in March and April before the bushes put forth their leaves. I suspect that tufted pansies or violas Senecio Clivorum, which has bold foliage and yellow flowers. These leaves are often two feet across. Others of this class are the ornamental rhubarbs, Crambe, Senecio Biebersteinii, etc. (1) they are more permanent than peren- nials; (2) they are a pleasant change from the flatness of ordinary bedding; (3) some of them have brilliant autumn foliage in addition to their flowers. The best shrubs for this purpose, in my opinion, are those with arching stems that meet the grass. The following are all of this type, and the dates from September to March mostly refer to flowers or berries: Magnolia stellata 0 March Forsythia suspensa . : - April Spirea Thunbergu . May, Spirea Van Houtter . . 5 May Deulzia gracilis 5 ° 5 May Philadelphus Lemoinet . a June Stephanandra flexuosa . ; June Regel’s privet : June-July Rhus copallina 6 0 July Blue spirea . : : : Sept. Yellowroot - _ Sept.-Oct. Symphoricarpos racemosus . Sept.-Nov. Berberis Thunber git Sept.-Mar. THE BEST FILLERS For filling in between the most important plants we must have something that grows higher than the centre-piece without taking will become the most popular plants for covering the ground because they bloom all spring and summer (except for an enforced rest of about ten days) and they have a great range of colors. There are fully too hardy perennials suitable for edging and carpeting. Among them are: Adonis Amurensis . ° - March Russian violets . ° ° March Iris cristata : 5 - April Iris pumila z 5 . . April Goldentuft - April-May Moss pink . ° 0 - April-May Arabis albida . - 5 : May Ajuga Genevensis 6 May-June ~ Tufted pansies May-Sept. Cerastium tomentosum June-July Achillea tomentosa June-July Anemone Canadensis . - june-Sept. Carpathian harebell . ° ; July Coral bells ¢ 0 a July-Aug. Hardy leadwort . 5 5 Sept-Oct. Napoleon III. pink June-Oct. THE FOURTH CROP Underneath the carpeting plant it is perfectly practical to have a crop of bulbs. Mayr, 1909 Indeed, bulbs never look their best when growing out of bare earth. They are far prettier when seen against a background of foliage that hides the soil entirely. These carpeting plants are so shallow-rooted that they do not exhaust the soil. If you have lilies in the centre of the bed, you can have an edging of daffodils or tulips. If you have tulips or daffodils in the centre you can have spring or autumn crocuses for an edging. In this way it is easy to get flowers at four different seasons. If each one lasts a fortnight you will have eight weeks of bloom from hardy flowers. Indeed, I believe it possible to have three months of bloom in a hardy bed and attractive foliage for seven months without the expense of annual digging and replanting. GAINING TWO OR THREE MONTHS Anyone can make a hardy bed look at- tractive two or three months longer than the best bed of tender plants in the world. There are two whole months in spring, or from March r5th to May 15th, when hardy plants will bloom while tender ones would be killed by frost. This one fact is reason enough why we should try nine times to get a hardy combination before falling back on tender plants, because this is time when there is the greatest heart-hunger for flowers. Among March and April bloomers there are Russian violets, the Japanese Adonis, the dwarf-crested iris, golden tuft, and moss pink. Under these we can grow snow- drops, glory-of-the-snow, and scillas, getting two crops of flowers before the ordinary flower beds are even planted, and this, too, without such extravagant methods as we see in the Boston Public Gardens, where everything is potted, forced under glass, and then set out. Among the best October-blooming or frost-resisting flowers are pompon chry- santhemums, the Napoleon III. pink, gail- lardias, and nine kinds of hardy asters. Under the edging plants you can put three kinds of autumn-blooming crocuses and maintain a succession from September almost to Thanksgiving. POINTS TO REMEMBER In conclusion, it seems to me that there are only two positions of the first impor- tance where formal beds are really needed, viz., near the house and in the garden. For the first position the noblest plants are the broad-leaved evergreens, especially American holly, mountain laurel, and rho- dodendrons, because these are attractive the year round. In the garden, however, we want more color, and for that we have hitherto relied chiefly upon tender plants. The great lesson that England has to teach us is that we can now rely chiefly upon hardy plants which are more harmonious, digni- fied, and permanent, cost less to main- tain, remain attractive two months longer, and save us the ugliness and expense of annual digging. ——— oe What Ails Your Plants?—By E. Porter Felt State Entomologist New York A NEW KIND OF TABLE, DESIGNED TO HELP THE AMATEUR TO RECOGNIZE THE CAUSE OF THE TROUBLE AFFECTING HIS PLANTS, SO THAT HE MAY APPLY THE PROPER REMEDY PROMPTLY [Ep1tor’s Notr.—Most tables, or spray calendars, assume an acquaintance with the insect or fungus causing the trouble or disease. remedy is arrived at by working from the known to the unknown. immediate remedies and general preventive measures. In the present case the First of all the plant is given, then the gross apparent character of the trouble, the time of observa- tion, and the general description of the cause; and from these the name of the insect or disease, as the case may be, is arrived at. ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS AND VINES The remaining columns tell of the A synopsis of up-to-date remedies and their modes of preparation follow the tables.| PLANT INJURY Alder 2.4 - Woolly lice on stems... -- LS ISSRLMIS EI Stems thickly scaled..--. Euonymus.. Wilaces 582,23 Shoots wilting -.....-.-- Rose 2. .-..-.. iBadsweatenee spe sce ciee os Rose) 2. <5 oe Leaves eaten ..........- ROSee =o dae Skeletonized leaves......- White specked or lousy Rose .......- LEAVE Sta eteretcrste = meoerete conics Rose... 352.2. White scale on canes....- Rose e255. Leaves mildewed........ Viburnum or Snowball. ...| Curled, lousy ieaves ..... Virginia Creeper = s--- Weavesteatenwee meer TIME CAUSE NAME Growing season Summer Spring and sum- mer Summer Growing season Summer Plant lice Dark bark louse - . White boring cater- pillar tessectey ee Yellowish beetle. . - Slimy caterpillars. - Leaf aphis hopper or Woolly alder aphis Euonymus scale... TlacEboLeleee eee Cutworms and cat- REMEDY OR PREVENTIVE REMARKS AND CAUTIONS enpillanseeee eee Roses beetlessesea- Rose slug Rose-leaf hopper or apisHe meee Rose scale ....... Rose mildew...... Viburnum aphis -. 8-spotted forester. Kerosene emulsion Kerosene emulsion, I to 4 parts water Cut out and destroy ting Poison or plaster. - Soap solution..... Cut out worst fested shoots... -.- Bordeaux Kerosene emulsion hand Poison picking or Force spray through the protective covering. Only partially successful, occurs on lilac and bittersweet. Common, though not very des- tructive. Hand picking is very effective. Poisons are of comparatively little service. Use either when slugs are abun- dant. Give repeated sprayings, especi- ally early. Occurs on blackberry and rasp- berry. Spray on appearance of disease and ro days later if necessary. Spray before foliage curls. Occasionally a pest in cities. Arborvite is frequently badly injured by bag worm (see shade tree pests); Japanese quince is very subject to injury by scurfy bark louse and San José scale (see fruit trees). WHAT BOTHERS THE SMALL FRUITS PLANT INJURY TIME Currant (1) .-.| Leaves discolored .....-- Spring and fall. 1G irregularly brown : Currant .....- eaotte 4 Pace on y, Bit Mie Senne everarstenste Currant) ---- Leaves stripped....-.-..- Spey Gu Sila MLCT ype cre Currant...... Wilting tips -.-..:---..- Yili coassooce Currant ...... Leaves brown spotted -.. Spnte ee Grape ....... Tips of shoots webbed...| Summer ...... Grape .....-- Buds destroyed ........- Early spring - - - Grape ....... Clusters wormy.......-- Summerand fall Grape es Vines sickly, roots badly| oyimer ...... SCOLEG) apes jere) =2ta =i -far/ho= Grape ......-. Light specked leaves... .. Summer -....- Grape ....... Dark spotted shoots ..... SMAI Go5oue Grape ......- Whitish growth on leaves.| Summer ------ Grape ....... Dark spotted fruit....... Summer ...... Raspberry and he Z 5 Bivcibeny Bila Waltine:tipsye- tae tee Spring ......-- Raspb d i 4 ieuberay Iipleeaves riddled=eem- 2a. Spring ...---.- Raspberry and Ge eae es Blackberry __| Stems gray, cracked..... Raspberry and) Orange-colored spots on Blackberry..| jeaves Strawberry...) Newly set plants dying... Strawberry ...| Dead patches in bed....1 Strawberry ...| Leaves blighted......... mer mer (x) Currant is badly injured by San José scale (see fruit trees). CAUSE Wleystt IOWESsonccoe Reddish or yellow and black bug --- Spotted caterpillars White borers Fungus Whitish caterpillar Green beetle.....- Small caterpillars. - Brown beetle and white grubs...-.-.. Whitish hoppers - - White maggot ..-- Greenish larve ...- NAME REMEDY OR PREVENTIVE REMARKS AND CAUTIONS Currant aphis .... 4-lined plant bug. - Currant worm.... Currant stem borers Leaf blight -...... Grape plume moth Steely flea beetle .. Grape berry moth. Grape root worm. . Leaf hopper---.... Anthracnose...... Downy naTdee: BOE Black rot Raspberry maggot Blackberry sawfly. Anthracnose....--. Redinustae eter White grub....... Crown borer...... Leaf blight....... Kerosene emulsion Kerosene emulsion for young Poison or hellebore Burn infested tips - Ammoniacal cop- per carbonate... . Crush caterpillars - Paint buds with Poison ae sao Spray with poison a [UIs oscscoee Poison foliage in June Spray with whale- Ol GBD. osscsccc Copper sulph. sol’n and Bordeaux... Bordeaux Bordeaux. Ammo- niacal cop. carb’te Poison ineffective . Poison or hellebore Copper sulph. sol’n and Bordeaux ... Burninfested plants Dig out and destroy Destroy _ infested plants Apply early before leaves curl. Burn egg-bearing currant tips. Use hellebore after fruit is half grown. Cut well below affected part of cane. Bordeaux after fruit is picked. Apply poison if pest is abundant. Spray with poison 10 to 14 days later. Keep surroundings clear of brush and weeds. Destroy pupz by cultivation. Collect with other device. rst before buds open, 2nd 3 to 4 days later; burn diseased wood. Spray when leaves are fully ex- panded. ist to fully expanded leaves; after fruit sets in 2 to 3 wk. intervals till 34. grown. Then 2d every 7 to 14 days. Cut and burn infested shoots. sticky shields or Apply to expanded leaves and again 2 to 3 weeks later. Cut and burn badly infested canes. Affection not amenable to treat- ment. Avoid setting plants on infested land. Put new fields in another location. Apply when growth begins, when fruit sets, and after fruiting. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE THE WorsT PESTS OF OUR ORCHARD TREES TIME Late summer anal vigil 5 .- 5. Summer early fall..... Early spring... Early spring... Early spring... Early spring... Spring and fall. Summer and early fall... .. Summer and Bales oceh eer es Early spring and summer...... Spring to fall. . 222 PLANT INJURY *Apple (r)....| Wormy fruit............ Irregular, hard or rotting SNINC 3 po oce (HAUS ia WWI oss coc ace Young leaves and blossoms Apple -..-..- destrovediaeee eeeeenee Young leaves and blossoms ANPIE oe anao: Gesirowedl -scecsancsous Stripped branches with AYO gubose: ANGE EMIS. ccsacsceccec Young leaves eaten or Apple ......- lpROw Neds ete emery secre opie Terminal leaves eaten, Da eae S twigs withsmall, firm webs Aonile Leaves brown and loosely IgE PociOce we bled! as cyaevetnceenerce Leaves stripped from Apple ....... branchesr eae seca see Appleee eee Curled, sticky leaves... .- Dead limbs, red-spotted IID sec 083e ES lea me ts eee INJNO so5s55e Poor growth, limbs scaly. Apple seen. Poor growth, limbs scurfy Apples sears Poor growth, sickly foliage Apple ....... Boring at base of tree... - Ronle Leaves with thickened bi a a brown spots:..........- LNIVE sooasce Brown spots onleaf...... INV sococeac Dead spots on bark....-- Cherry. eee Curled, sticky leaves... -- Citrus fruits, (orange,lemon,ete.) Citrus fruits_. ‘Citrus fruits. ‘Citrus fruits... Citrus fruits. _ *Peach (2) ... Scaly fruit and limbs .... Scaly fruit and limbs ..-- Scale on leaves and twigs. Blackened, sticky foliage. Yellow streaks on leaves. Boreditminksysee errs Buds destroyed ........- Shot holes in bark.....-- Curled@leaveseeeeseeeree Sickly, yellowish trees. . - - RG THAI. oo soeesess Young fruit gnarly, mag- BOY sencssssoce5eeoo0n Leaves sticky, black ..-... Brown foliage on dying branches sees sert eer Crescent-shaped cuts in Ao closocseaateoshod a Brown scales on limbs ...- Rothinesiniiteeesss eee Spring and fall. Spring to fall . . Spring to fall... Spring and fall. Summer Summer 222. Growing season Early summer. . Growing season Growing season Growing season Growing season Growing season Fall and spring Early spring... Spring and sum- MET satya Summer Spring and sum- Menee~ecmect Fall and spring Summer Gnarly growths on limb ..- Summer CAUSE Whitish caterpillar. Small maggot..... Caterpillars in cases Brown caterpillar. - Bluish caterpillar. . Looping caterpillars Hairy caterpillars. - Hairy, yellowish cat- expllarsee eee eer Yellow orred marked caterpillars ...... Plant-lice lousee a see ee Brown scale insect. Whitish scale insect A white,woolly plant IOWSS Goscesocaee White legless grub. Minute mite Black plant louse. - Circular scale..... Long scale insect. . Black scale insect - Small suckinginsect Minute mite...... White caterpillars. - Small caterpillar. - - Small, black beetles Plant disease....-- Plant disease..-..- Plant disease...... Yellowish maggot | Slimy caterpillar -. Jumping louse... - Bacterial disease - . Small weevil....-- Brown, oval scale. . Plant disease ..... winter ....... (1) Apple: This tree is very badly injured by gypsy moth (see shade tree insects). (2) Peach and plum are both badly injured by San José scale (see under apple). (3) The pear suffers from codling moth, canker worm, brown tail moth, San José scale, and blister mite (see under apple). May, 1909 NAME REMEDY OR PREVENTIVE Codling moth..... Railroad worm... . Casebearers ...... Tent caterpillar -- . Canker worms ...- Brown-tail moth -- Fall web-worm.... Yellow-necked and red-humped worms Apple plant lice... San José scale .... Apple bark louse. - Scurfy bark louse. . Woolly aphis.....- Round-headed ap- plesboren=e ee eeer Blister mite....... Leaf spot and scab Canker or blight. - - Cherry aphis.....- iRediscalewaenmeeee Purple or long scale Black scale......-. White fly......... Red spider ...--.- Peach borer ...--.- Peach twig borer. - Fruit tree bark beetle’ acc. sete Peach leaf curl... Peach yellows. .... Brown rot.......- Peammidgele eee Pearisitgereeeeeer Pear psylla....-..- Pear blight ......-. Plum curculio..... Plum scale.......- Brown rot ....... Black knot ....... Poison, preferably arsenate of lead. - Destroy _ infested ALUitS sate eee Kerosene emulsion. Lime-sulphur wash, miscible oil.....-. Kerosene emulsion. Kerosene emulsion. Kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap. Tar paper bands. . Lime-sulphur wash or miscible oil... . Bordeaux mixture. Burn infested parts Kerosene emulsion. Hydrocyanic acid GAS Acer pre ee Fumigation......-. Kerosene emulsion. Dig out borers .... Lime-sulph. washor kerosene emulsion Burn the infested branches seer Lime-sulphur wash or Bordeaux. .... Cut and burn..... Lime-sulph. washor cop.sulph. solution Destroy infested PEWIL Mya scrsvepeterorsrore re Poison or dust ...- Lime-sulphur wash Cut and burn..... Poison or collect .. Kerosene emulsion. Cop. sulph. solution and Bordeaux .. Cut and burn..... REMARKS AND CAUTIONS Put in blossom end of apples within a week after bloom falls. Use early sweet varieties as traps and destroy promptly. Spray tips of young leaves in badly infested orchards. Treatment as above. Remove and crush caterpillars when in nest. Poison is preferable to the use of sticky bands. Collect and burn winter nests. Remove nests and crush cater- pillars. Crush clustered caterpillars. Spray early before leaves curl. Spray before buds open in spring. Apply in early June when young are crawling. © Apply as above. Force insecticide through woolly covering. Band from May to July, cut out borers. Spray before buds open. Spray swelling buds; 2 weeks before blossoms open; after they drop, and a week later. Cut well below infection to avoid carrying disease. Spray at 2 or 3 day intervals if necessary. Fumigate at night, more effective than resin wash. Treat as above. Treat as above. Treat as above. More injurious in dry seasons. Mound or band base of trees from June to September. Spray before the buds open. Do this in winter or early spring. Apply before buds burst. Keep infected trees from contact with healthy trees. Apply before buds open. Use Lawrence pears as trap. Apply when slugs are abundant. Apply as for San José scale. Cut 6 to ro inches below affected part. Jar daily or every few days for 2 to 3 weeks after fruit sets. Spray after leaves fall and repeat before buds open. Apply 1st before buds swell; 2nd weak and re- peatedly; ammoniacal cop. carb. after fruit sets. Apply Bordeaux in early spring. *General treatment for orchard fruits: Apply lime-sulphur wash just before buds swell (for fungus, scale insects and blister mite); poisoned Bordeaux when young leaves appear (for bad infestations of casebearers, bud moth and early leaf feeders); repeat the latter within a week or ten days after the bloom falls (for codling moth, leaf feeders and fungus); give another application a week or 10 days later to insure thorough work. The same general directions apply to peach, pear, plum, and quince, the curculio affecting the latter being controlled in the same way as the plum curculio. The last two are very sensitive to arsenic. ee May, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 223 How THE SHADE TREES SUFFER PLANT INJURY TIME CAUSE NAME eee ee REMARKS AND CAUTIONS 1D bri ene ee Skeletonized leaves...... SEupeandsuin: maa yellowish Elm leaf bectle....| Arsenate of lead. ..| Put poison on under sideof leaves. P Spring and sum- Black, spiny cater-| Spiny elm caterpil-| Cut off and crush} Spray with poison; feeds on wil- Elm ......--- Branches shaped pee ese Wie Losuseoss Pullaneeee ese lap Sse: GIWSIGS cescadece low and poplar. Elm ......--- peel Go aie Soi) Early summer -]} Whitish bark louse] Elm bark louse ...] Kerosene emulsion erie oae from hydrant if Elm and other| Tips of branches white- Summer ....-- Hairy caterpillars -| Fall webworm ...-| Cut and burn nests] Spray infested limbs with poison. MTEES = oe esc webped@peer eee sancas. ‘ r pare aoe othet| | caves eaten .....--.--- porns and sum- Caterpillars incases| Bagworm -....---- POGOMN.S cescenecue Collect and burn bags in winter. LCCSMe | Mee a a ee EBEL soe ps cecs Paes and other) Trees defoliated ........ Late spring....| Hairy caterpillars .| Gipsy moth......- Arsenate of lead. ..| Apply poison early; creosote eggs. NCS eee . Horsechestnut| Leaves eaten ........-.. Early summer .} Tufted caterpillars ee puss Spray with poisons oe and burn white egg Bivens, Weal: fe SR | | ; reer ; Horsechestnut| Leaves mostly brown, dry| Summer ...... Plant disease ..... Weateblicht=sseeee Bordeaux .......- nee ae eulee oe after leaves Hickory ...... Inner bark badly tunneled| All seasons ..-./ Small beetles ...-- Hickory bark borer eee HOLeEe Te ee aes infested Heve! Maple ......- oie Cag i oe SErIRe and fall.| Large,’white grub.| Sugar maple borer| Cut out borers ....| Protect wounds with paint or tar. Maple ......- Weavesieatenten= = sae Spring al Caterpillars .....-. ae we eae IHOWOMN. ceseosccoe Spray at inception of attack. : : Plant-lice, severa]| Kerosene emulsion} Spray before leayes are badl iViaple ee] Leaves sticky, black. ....| Summer ...... Ap hidsieee eee Sele eae Sh eee a ey are badly Waplet == -- Brown scale on limbs....| Summer ...... iBarkslousel= eee Black-banded scale es SaLISOE URE crawling young in mid- Cottony masses on limbs Cottony maple} Kerosene emulsion] Spray crawling young with ro to Maple .....-- OLileavesee neo Summer -...-- Bark louse --....- scale, efc.-.....- OF SOD coscsocce 12% kerosene. Maple and Oak| Cut limbs dropping -.--- September ..--| White grub...-.-..- Oak twig pruner.. Coe pies ; Peete Occasionally quite injurious. as peace Limbs bored, broken ....| All seasons....| White caterpillars .| Leopard moth ....| Cut out borers.... ee attacks a large variety Young trees and branches : 2 Mottled poplar| Cut out and destroy] Apply Paris green, kerosene, and Poplar ....... Fete ke win hes Sk Spring and fall.| White grubs....-- (eRe oe fee tree Ore reeeees Seeder ifigae WGA GO amen. ae ; Repeated applications; practical Sycamore _...} Leaves brown and drop..| Spring ........ UMS osascccses Weateblight=esseer= iBordealixes= pe aeee onily don omalll izes. FOR THE VEGETABLE GARDEN : REMEDY OR 2 e PLANT INJURY TIME CAUSE | NAME eter Pa REMARKS AND CAUTIONS Asparagus ...| Shoots eaten....--..---- pee god ee | Beetle and grub..-| Asparagus beetle..| Poison grubs... -..- tees oe arsenate of Asparagus ...| Shoots rusted.........-- Summerne see IRUSteee ees ee ee Asparagus rust... -- eoapgee Yay era plants ougmuiuiested Beanie cys Leaves eaten.......-.--- SUMMET =] e1-/- Grubyspeeeretee: Bean beetle: ------ pelenoe ee vee a ae oF Tends On eer Bean .......- Stored beans wormy....-- All seasons ....| Black weevil...... Bean weevil .....- Carbon bisulphide. Hie ate 24 hours in a tight Beansassecs Leaves and pods spotted .| Summer ....-- Plant disease ..... Anthracnose .-..-- iBordeatixa=e eee pee ee covered with first ap- : When 4 or 5 leaves have opened, Beet........- Leaves spotted.........- Summer .....- Plant disease - -- -- Leaf spot.-------- Bordeaux ----.-.- then 3 times at ro day intervals. ‘ ; Kerosene emulsion| Spray when pests are numerous, Cabbage ..... Leaves lousy ...-.-.---- Summer ...... Plant-lice ........ Cabbaseaphise=r=|siqe pale oil soap.| repeating if necessary. ; Helleb ferabl Cabbage ..... Holes eaten in leaves ....| Summer ...... Green caterpillars -| Cabbage worm... - Poanionhellshore So e after Cabbage .._.- Stems eaten off -......-- Springeeeeee || Naked caterpillars-| Cutworms.-.--..--- re nen Sims Wilh Use poisoned bait. Cabbage ..... Wilting leaves -.....-..-- Summers Red and black bug pee cabbage | Hand picking... -- Som Manerard cay ene kill bugs $24 Sos cas C60C S 5 ; Paper collars or] Expose base of roots to dryin Cabbage ..... Roots destroyed......-.- Earlysummer.-) White maggot... .- Cabbage maggot. - dilute carbolic acid ae for some hours. tae Cabbage ..... peceulay black spots on) guinmer ...-.. Baciewail disease ..| Biladk wt.....---- Grow in clean soil.}| Avoid infected soil if possible. Celetyi=2 ee Yellowish spotted leaves -| Summer ...--- TBWAEUS = ocaceuede Celery blight .-.-. BRordeatixee == eee poe ape soil ox in) shady, Cucumber ..-.| Gnawed leaves........-.. Summer .....- Black and yellow Striped cucumber} poisoned Bordeaux Dust foliage with land plaster or eal. ote eseeede beetles san She ashes. Cucumber ...| Mildewed leaves ......-- Summeneeras: iunpuses2 ss 5225: Downy mildew... -. Bordeatixiere sere Apply every 10 days. Onion eee \iiihatae toys cob boooseec Summereeses= White maggot ...-| Onion maggot ....| Carbolic soap wash aS pear ACt fee toes Spri d - Poison or hand : : Potato ....... Leaves eaten -.--.----.. toate, oe parte Beetles and grubs -| Potato beetle .-..- picking : “ Pe a ay Arsenate of lead is most effective. Potato. ...... Wilting stalks .......... Summeneseeer Brown caterpillar .| Stalk borer....... De pee Rarely very injurious. Potato....... Blacksleavessemeeeee eee Summer see = Plant disease...-.- Potato blight...... Bordeaux ....-..-- apy SEEN ERNICY Sriele sie Corrosive sublimate| Use 14 oz. to 8 gals. water; plant Potato .-....- SE WOES occ aaa Hall = Plant disease. ..... Potato scab......- soluHOn Ieee in uninfected ae E 224 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE May, 1909 FOR THE VEGETABLE GARDEN — Continued j E i REMEDY OR PLANT INJURY TIME CAUSE NAME SRV ERE REMARKS AND CAUTIONS ae 5 : Slit stem and kill ; Squash _____. Wilting rumners.....---- SWIMM os c55 5 Boring caterpillar. .| Squash borer ..... ee Plant early trap vines. Squash _.__.. Vili ealeayes ieee eee SHeuaMTAMET? soca se Black bug..--.-.- Squash bug.....-.- Hand picking. .... Trap under shingles. Sweet potato.| Leaves eaten. -.......-- Sune essere Small beetle .....- se aad foriolse Arsenate of lead... Dp yobs Plants in poison before Buleeesdaodacs setting. Tomato...... Yellow-specked leaves -..| Summer ...-... Small beetle ...-.. pe ea Poisoned Bordeaux] Feeds on a variety of plants. Large, green cater- Hand picking or| The latter is rarely necessary in Tomato._.... Leaves devoured .......-. Summer -....- Dillane. ae Tomato worm .... RONSON oo ne mses the North. INSECTS AND DISEASES OF THE FLOWER GARDEN REMEDY OR ‘ PLANT INJURY TIME CAUSE NAME Gere REMARKS AND CAUTIONS /NSIOS coancode Flower petals eaten....-- Late summer..| Black beetle..---- Black blister beetle Collect inwalcr aiid) - Dove ico e ic amis IKGWOSONE oo oca0e -| three days if necessary. INS term eee Spotted leaves .........- SMMANGE , 347 Economical Grape Juice Ge juice is one of the most delight- fully refreshing drinks, and it is not particularly expensive or difficult to make. Although we buy our grapes the beverage does not cost us more than ten cents a quart, which is about one-fifth of what it costs ins the stores, and we have the satisfaction of knowing exactly how it was prepared. One year we made twelve quarts from four vari- eties of grapes that cost us about $1.27, and another year three twenty-five cent baskets. of Concords made eight quarts of liquid. Concords are generally used, but the juice is dark in color and the flavor is very strong. The juice of Niagaras alone is colorless, while the Delaware juice has a muddy look. Out of fifteen variations, the following combinations were most to our liking: Catawba and Niagara; Catawba and Delaware; Catawba, Niagara and Con- cord; Catawba, Niagara, Concord, and Delaware; Delaware and Niagara; Dela- ware and Concord; Delaware, Concord and Niagara. Catawba alone was also good. Pick the grapes from the stems, and to three quarts of fruit add one quart of water. Cook until the grapes are broken, then strain through cheesecloth and again through flannel. Add sugar (about one to two teacups of sugar to two gallons of juice), and boil. Be careful not to get it too sweet- Bottle the juice while it is hot and seal. Store in a dark place. We very often make a first and second grade, using for the former the juice which runs through the straining cloth easily. To the remainder we add another quart of water and boil, and this we strain through the cheesecloth only. This juice will not keep for any length of time. New York. R. W. A graceful arrangement of coreopsis and wistaria leaves in berry baskets. The foliage hides the baskets from sight Suggestions for Cooking Peas and Beans pes ought not to be kept for more than five or six hours from the time they are picked until they are eaten. In case it is necessary to keep them over night spread them on a cloth on the floor of a cool cellar; or if they are so far gone as to be stale or wilted, put them in cold water for an hour after shelling, and add a little sugar to the water while they are boiling. In order to have them retain their sweetness and color while cooking allow plenty of slightly salted water, cook only until they are tender and drain immediately. French cooks prepare peas in a double boiler with lettuce leaves to provide the juice and a very young onion to give flavor. They also cook them with bits of bacon. The following are some ways of using peas so as to provide variety: In omelet.—Cook one pint of peas in salted water, drain and keep hot. Make an omelet of four beaten eggs, four tablespoons of the water in which the peas were cooked, butter, salt and pepper. Sprinkle some of the peas on the omelet and fold; butter the remainder of the peas and place around the omelet in the dish. Griddle cakes.—One cupful of mashed and seasoned peas, a half cup of milk, one beaten egg, one-half teaspoonful of baking powder and one- quarter cup of flour. COOKING DRIED PEAS AND LIMAS One of the best ways of disposing of a surplus of garden peas is to dry them when they have reached full size but are still green and have a good flavor. Canning is a troublesome process in the heat of summer, and there is the added disadvantage of a much larger bulk to be stored for winter use than when the peas are dried, and there is also the expense for the jars. As soon as the height of the season is past, we pull up the vines and strip off the pods. After the vegetables are shelled and picked over, we spread them very thinly on mosquito netting laid on a wire screen, the latter being raised a few inches from the table. A covering of mosquito netting is placed over the vegetables and they are dried in an airy room; in less than a weck they will be sufficiently dry to rattle. As a further precau- tion against storing them for the winter with any moisture left in or on them, collect the peas and keep them in bowls in a warm, dry closet for some time. Make sure of a free circulation of air while drying so as to prevent the possibility of molding and keep away flies and otherinsects. After they are dried we sort them into grades—green, ripe, and medium. A unique way of preserving green peas for winter use is recommended by an Australian seed cata- logue. Shell and put into a wide-mouthed bottle. Shake well to make as compact as possible, then cork closely and seal. Bury in the driest part of the garden and dig up as wanted. Before cooking soak the dried peas in cold water over night; parboil in water with a pinch of baking soda, then change the water and cook till tender, season with butter, salt and pepper. A most delicious soup is made of one pint of the dried peas to a quart of cold water, with an onion, a carrot, a bay leaf and a small quantity each of celery and parsley, a speck of thyme and THE GARDEN MAGAZINE clovers, a thin slice of salt pork (and a ham bone if liked). Set over a good fire and when it has reached the boiling point, place it on the stove where it will cook slowly. When done, strain. With bacon.—Boil dried or old peas with a piece of bacon until done. Put the peas into a baking pan, slice the bacon, place on top of the peas, and set in the oven for a half hour. Limas may also be dried in the pods, and are fully as good as when the beans are dried sepa- rately. Spread singly on netting screens in the garret, and leave until perfectly dry. They should be soaked over night before being cooked, covering with fresh water in the morning. Two hours, or less, before meal time put them on the stove in boiling water and cook for thirty minutes; then drain and cover with fresh boiling water containing one-eighth teaspoon of baking soda. Cook until tender, and add salt, pepper and butter. New York. I. M. ANGELL. {NM CK GARDEN] KGL: Why Not Have a Rockery? THINK that rock gardening must always be costlier here than in England. True, English- men may have to pay as much for rocks as we, but skilled labor costs more here and we must take artificial means to cool the atmosphere. A first- class rockery is a complicated structure because it must provide every kind of exposure, many kinds of soil, a perfect water supply, and perfect drainage. But a good one is worth all it costs. The great drawback to the rockery is the difh- culty of cooling the rocks and atmosphere. The obvious way is to shade the rock garden by means of overhanging trees. Unfortunately, shade is fatal to the finest alpine flowers. Our only hope, I believe, is to use water freely. This is costly, I admit, but there is no use in doing things by halves. We must have plenty of water anyhow, for seven- tenths of the art of rock gardening is to give the plants a never-failing supply of moving — not stationary — water. There is an immense amount of talk in English books and papers about lime- lovers and lime-haters, but if we can only get a perfect water supply I believe we can cut out nearly all that pottering with special soils. Witness the best alpine garden in America (Mrs. Higgin- son’s at Manchester, Mass.) where the gardener A rockery effect with ferns which seem to be growing directly out of the rocks JuLY, 1909 told me he never put a bit of lime into any compost. An idea got at the Cambridge Botanical Garden filled me with great hope. The scholarly and ingenious curator, Mr. R. Irwin Lynch, was making a rockery in which the central feature was a well. The paths all lead naturally to this moist, cool spot where a person could get a drink of fresh, cold water and admire the flowers on all sides and above him. The rocks, soil and air were all pleasantly cool and moist —not damp or sour. The moisture is expected to rise by capillarity through all the stones to the very top, without interfering at all with the quicker down- ward drainage through the soil. I am well aware that Mr. William Robinson frowns upon connecting water features with rock gardening and I must confess that most of the lakelets, cascades, etc., which I saw in England in connection with rock gardens were unpleasing or even ludicrous. Yet Mr. Lynch’s idea seems to me adapted to our life in three ways. It has the practical advantage of quenching thirst. It has the cultural advantage of keeping the rocks cool instead of hot. It has the esthetic advantage of supplying a dramatic conclusion to the whole effort. A well at the lowest point seems natural, and since the highest walls surround it, there is sure to be grateful shade in the heat of the day — a point we Americans appreciate. The heated period of the English day is only three hours or so; with us it is nearer eight. New York. WILHELM MILLER. Transplanting in Hot Weather iD es hot weather people are often deterred from filling gaps in the flower beds and borders by the fear that if plants are moved they will die from the heat before they have had a chance to become established. Of course, one can wait for a rainy day, but I have hit upon a plan whereby plants may be moved at any time during the hot weather. Every spring I save all rakings of grass and leaves, and put them in a pile to form leafmold. When transplanting I make the hole for the plant about two inches deeper than is really necessary, in which T place a layer of about an inch and a half of the partly decomposed leaves, having first wet them thoroughly with water. I then fill in the hole with soil, and when setting the plant use a dibble to make the hole for the roots. The wet leaves put the moisture just where the plant most needs it —at the roots. The ground does not become caked around the roots, as is often the case when water is poured into the hole, but the moisture from the leaves is drawn to the surface by capillary attraction and the soil remains loose and moist around the plant for several days. When lifting be sure to get as many of the roots of the plant as possible, and be especially careful not to expose them to the wind or sun while out of the soil. Minnesota. M.1.D. Jury, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE What is a fair rental for a given What Three Prominent Authorities Have to Say on “BONORA” THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., of West Grove, Pa. We have used “‘ BONORA” for the past three years, and we find that it produces excellent results, in fact more satisfactory than any plant food we have yet found. JOHN LEWIS CHILDS Seeds, Bulbs and Plants Bonora CHeEmicat Co., New York City. Dear Sirs: I received the ““ BONORA”’ you shipped me some time ago, and it is certainly a fine fertilizer for plant life of every variety. Extensive trials in our greenhouses leave no doubt whatever as to its efficiency. Plants which received but two applications showed decided improvement almost from the start. Very truly yours, ADOLF JAENICKE, Supt. of Trials and Private Department of John Lewis Childs, THE CONARD & JONES CoO.,, of West Grove, Pa. We have made a careful test of ““ BONORA”’ as a fertilizer, and can en- dorse all that you claim for it as a quick acting, lasting and odorless fertilizer. We can also say that it excels all other fertilizers that we have tried. ere ore «> Ask your dealer or order direct > THE GREATEST DISCOVERY OF MODERN TIMES. Put up in dry form in all size packages as follows: RES PLANT F() 1 lb. making 28 gallons, post paid 65 5 Ibs. Y 140 * $2.50 10 Ibs. Pr ey wg Ue 4.75 PET ET OE ye a AM He Meee NS <6 5 Special prices on larger quantities BONORA CHEMICAL CO., 488-492 Broadway, cor. Broome St., New York Country Life in America is the only magazine in the world regularly printing actual color photographs from nature. Price 35 cents $4.00 a year Write for Circular, Special Club Offer to Garden Magazine Readers Doubleday, Page & Company, New York City. Please send me special club offer, Country Life in America, mentioned in The Garden Magazine for July. Name. Town State. Luscious Strawberries can be gathered next year by planting our famous pot-grown strawberry plants this summer. Our MIDSUMMER GARDEN-GUIDE tells how you can do it, and what varieties to plant. Also gives concise cultural directions by an expert. It’s free to applicants. Collections of Strawberries Notwithstanding the care we take to include only varieties of sterling merit in our catalogue, the amateur finds difficulty in making a selection that will produce a bountiful supply of the finest fruit from the begin- ning to the end of the season. Hence the following collection, in our judgment, based on actual experience, combines in the highest degree the qualities which strawberries should have. EARLY—Marshall, Clyde. MIDSEASON—Nick Ohmer, Sharpless. _LATE—Brandywine, Gandy. 3 each of the above SIX SUPERB STRAWBERRIES, 18 pot-grown plants, $1 00 mH a 7 se “ 25 “ ae Be Dace Maes SO ie 5 50 300 oo 10 00 Delivery about July 15, 1909. OUR MIDSUMMER GABDEN GUIDE also contains a full list of bulbs for winter and spring flowers, and a grand collection of perennial (old fashioned flowers) and other seeds for summer sowing. Write today. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman Dept. G, 342 West 14th Street, NEW YORK CITY W ould Y ou Pay $500 or $600 For a Greenhouse P Tf you will, we can get together and do business. But mind you, we are not talking about a wooden frame affair that will go to pieces ina few years and make you totally disgusted and discouraged with green- houses. We propose to build you a Sectional Iron Frame House, made in every way just as thoroughly as our big country estate houses. It will be equipped with benches, ventilating apparatus and heating, all that is necessary to start right off ‘growing things. You can save some money by having your local mechanics put it up, which they can readily do with our way of constructing houses, as everything is cut at the factory to exact size and all parts go together with bolts and screws. If you have a building to which you can attach the greenhouse, then the additional cost of a potting room is not necessary. These are such well constructed, attractive houses that we are attach- ing them direct to residences and making them into conservatories. Can’t you do the same? There is more continual pleasure and profit to every square inch in a greenhouse than anything else you can put a few hundred dollars in. July is a splendid month in which to build. We will send youa circular fully describing the house. LORD AND BURNHAM Co. IRVINGTON, N. Y. New York Boston Philadelphia Chicago property? Ask the Readers’ Service 349 Wild Flowers Worth Improving V.—THE BROWN-EYED SUSAN [2 is strange that no plant-breeder, professional or amateur, has undertaken the culture of the Rudbeckia (which includes the brown-eyed Susan) and its allied genera, Echinacea and Lepa- chys, for Burbank’s profitable experience with Shasta daisies has shown the extraordinary possi- bilities possessed by flowers which are so common that we usually think about them as weeds. There are ten species of Rudbeckia which can be secured from American nurserymen, but the only famous one is the Golden Glow, a double variety of R. laciniata, which took the world by storm about ten years ago. This variety was not at all the production of hybridization. It was merely a chance product of Nature which some one was shrewd enough to save and sell. Perhaps the commonest species in the wild is the brown-eyed Susan, or yellow daisy (R. hirta) which is illustrated herewith. To indicate its possibilities for improvement let me say that I found, in one hour nineteen variations that were highly dis- tinctive and full of promise to the plant-breeder. These were all found in a suburban lot, and I trans- planted them to my garden in flower; but, unfor- tunately, I was not able to save the seeds of any of them, as my family had to go away from home during the critical period when the seeds should have been saved. None of the seeds germinated the next year, and as the species is either annual or biennial, all these variations were lost. But that is of no matter, as our readers will doubtless be able to duplicate them by searching. The largest flower I found was 3} inches across, which is an inch larger than the average size. The smallest flower was only an inch and three- quarters across, and the plant bore such a profusion of these dainty flowers that I thought a miniature flow- ered type might be worth developing. There was little evidence of double- ness. I found many flow- ers that had two rows of petals (strictly speaking, “rays”’), but they did not give even a semi-double effect. The largest num- ber of petals I found on any one plant was from seventeen to twenty. The most interesting color variation was a rich, pure brown, as fine as any you ever see in the annual Coreopsis. This clearly suggested an important line of plant-breeding, and correspondents have writ- ten me of brown-eyed Susans in which one-half the petals are brown and the other half yellow, as is exactly the case in the corresponding variety of coreopsis. I have also found a lemon-colored va- riety and an orange and yellow variety, in which THE GARDEN MAGAZINE the orange was down the centre of the petal with yellow at either side. As to the form of head, I found three distinct types which I called for convenience, “cup-shaped,” “stellate,” and “shooting star,’’ according as the petals pointed upward, horizontally, or down- ward. My observations were not extended enough to determine whether these forms were constant or merely represented different stages of develop- ment in the same flower, but I found one plant in which the cup-shaped condition seemed to be fixed. As to form of petal, I found four exceedingly interesting types. One resembled the single cactus dahlia by reason of the margins of the petals being revolute, and more or less twisted, thus producing a flower of spirited appearance. Another was laciniate, but not particularly pretty. The most exciting flower of all, however, was a tubular flower in which the entire petal was rolled up into a tight tube, producing exactly the same effect we get in quilled asters and chrysanthemums. Of this type I found three examples, of which one plant bore flowers three and three-eighths inches across, while another was only one and three- quarters inches across. The rudbeckias all have yellow petals and the disk, or central portion, may be yellow, greenish, brown or dark purple. Some of these disks are flat and some make a rather high cone. The only impor- tant color variation that can be hoped for in the genus is brown and red. The beauty of the genus Echinacea is that it — supplies flesh color, pink, rose-purple, and crimson, also a singularly beautiful form of flower by reason of the downward-pointing petals. The beauty of Lepachys is that it has a still higher cone which, combined with the downward- pointing petals, gives it a very animated appear- ance, like the cyclamen or shooting-star. The colors are yellow and pink. Connecticut. The Best Cup-shaped Lily pee the most useful hardy lily for garden juse,” says Professor Waugh in his monograph on lilies in the “Cyclopedia of Amer- ican Horticulture,” “is Lilium elegans.” This is the species to which I have ventured to give the name Japanese erect lily because of its cup-shaped flower. It is a dwarf, large-flowered lily with red, yellow, or orange flowers. It is normally only a foot or two high, and bears from one to five flowers on a stem, each flower being five or six inches across. It blooms about the first of July. The strong points of this lily are its vivid colors JABEZ TOMPKINS. Lilium elegans blooms about the lst of July. The flowers, of vivid color, measure five or six inches across and are borne in clusters Juty, 1909 t a = The brown-eyed Susan, or yellow daisy (ludbeckia hirtd), which blooms from June to August and ease of culture. Most lilies have to be care- fully planted in light soil to which plenty of leaf- mold has been added, but the Japanese erect lily thrives in the ordinary border, and I have seen it multiply at a wonderful rate. The best idea connected with lilies that has come to us in recent years is to plant them in beds of rhododendrons or other members of the heath family, because all these plants require the same sort of soil and winter mulch, also a cool soil in summer which will not dry out easily. Lilies, as a rule, have rather insignificant foliage, and are so uncompromisingly stiff in their habit that it is rather difficult to group them nicely with other plants. In the rhododendron bed, their defects of habit and foliage are more or less hidden. Lilies are, therefore, a natural complement of the heath family, and enable us to have life and color in these shrubbery beds throughout the summer and autumn, when other- wise they would be devoid of flowers. While the Japanese erect lily is commonly planted in rhododendron beds because of its cheapness, I would urge readers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE to plant it in any ordinary garden soil, and when they have worked up sufficiently, start to mass them amongst the shrub- bery. There are about a dozen varieties, ranging in color from pale yellow through apricot and orange to bright red. So far as I know, the names wmbel- latum and Thunbergianum are exactly synonymous. Lilium Batemannieé is a variety with apricot flowers, which grows about four feet high, and has rather narrower perianth segments than the type. THomas McApaAm. New Jersey. What is a fair rental for a given iz property? Ask the Readers’ Service 351 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE The Capitol” Lawn Trimmer Juuty, 1909 THE LATE PETER F. COLLIER Founder and head of Collier’s Weekly and the great publishing house which bears his name was a firm believer in Life Insurance. HIS CONFIDENCE IN The Prudential WAS SHOWN BY HIS VOLUNTARY AND UNSOLICITED SELECTION OF THIS COMPANY. The following letter from his sonand executor, Mr. Robert J. Collier, shows the wisdom of his choice, Office of Collier’s Weekly, New York, May 4, 1909. Hon. John F. Dryden, President, The Prudential Ins. Co. of America, Newark, N. J. My Dear Sir: Permit me to thank you, and through you The Prudential Insurance Company of America, for the very prompt receipt of checks for $50,000 in full cash settlement of claim on the life of my father, Peter Fenelon Collier, who demonstrated his belief in Life Insurance in The Prudential by carrying policies ae hy you should buy it Ist. It has had five years’ test on thousands of lawns—it is no experi- ment. 2d. The shield over cylinder pro- tects flowers—no other has it. 3d. The steel disk turf edger gives two machines at the price of one. 4th. We originated the trimmer idea —our “ others are simply imitations. Capitol’’ is the pioneer — The ‘‘Capitol”’ takes the grass the lawn mower leaves. trims your turf edges. Price with Edger, $6.00 without, $5.50 Send for Catalogue ‘‘C”’ The edger THE GRANITE STATE MowinGc MAacdINE Hinsdale, N. H. Co. “«WILLOWCRAFT”! iss hve only, durable line of willow furni- ture made in the United States. We are the man- ufactuters, and iM will send this} sample chair for $7.00, fgt. prepaid anywhere east of the Mississippi River Writefor our catalogue of 150 other patterns THE WILLOWCRAFT SHOPS Box E North Cambridge, Mass. in your Company for several years. Proofs were completed and checks delivered the same day and your Company did everything possible to effect a quick payment of clain. Assuring you of my appreciation, I remain Yours very truly, The Prudential pays claims small or large immediately upon the receipt of satis- factory proofs of death. Total Payments to Policyholders Since Or- ganization, Plus Amount Held at Interest to Their Credit, Over 313 Million Dollars! The Prudential Insurance Company of America Incorporated asa Stock Company by the State of New Jersey JOHN F. DRYDEN, President Home Office, NEWARK, N. J. Write for Information of New Low Cost Policy. Dept. 15 Plant for Immediate Effect NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS Start with the largest stock that can be secured! years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an immediate effect. Price List Now Ready. Andorra Nurseries Box G, Chestnut Hill, PHILADELPHIA, PA. It takes over twenty WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. Protecting Roses in the Northwest 13 IS perfectly possible to carry roses through the winter in the Northwest —that is, the Dakotas, Montana, Nebraska, northern Muinne- sota, and northern Wisconsin — where the tem- perature may fall to 40 degrees below zero and the wind cut like a whip. I have carried roses through the winter so that scarcely the tips of shoots four feet in length were injured. If the fall has been a dry one give the rose bed a thorough drenching when you are certain that all growth has ceased. Then after the ground has dried somewhat bank about six inches of the surface dirt around the base of the rose bushes. Wait until a slight crust of frost has formed over the ground, after which bury the entire rose bed to the top of the bushes in dry leaves, which, of course, should have been procured beforehand, and must be dry when applied. I much prefer oak leaves for this purpose, and would avoid ash leaves altogether, as they soon crumble to dust. However, on our northwestern prairies we do not have a large variety of leaves from which to choose, and therefore we are often compelled to take what we can get. In regions where not enough leaves are obtainable—and there are such regions — I should recommend the use of loose straw, though personally, I have never tried it. Hay might also serve the purpose. Climbers and roses with bushes over three feet high will have to be bent over and tied down — not necessarily down to the ground, but just enough so that, with three to four feet of leaves, they will be nicely covered. In bending the bushes be careful to produce a long arch, never making a sharp bend that might break the canes. After the leaves are in place cover them with boards arranged so that they will shed water; likewise support them in such a manner that their weight will not rest upon the leaves. Over this, like a roof to cover the entire rose bed, even the sides, spread an even layer of horse manure from six inches to a foot thick. Take all possible precaution so that the leaves underneath may remain dry all winter. I am well aware of the fact that this method involves much laborious detail, but without work you cannot have roses, especially in this climate. Furthermore, it is best to place all your roses in one bed, or at least to mass them as much as is consistent with your scheme of planting, for this greatly facilitates winter protection on which rose culture in the Northwest depends. North Dakota. €. L. MELIER. Bees and Fresh Flowers HAT bees have a decided influence on the keeping qualities of flowers is a fact that is very easily demonstrated. It is simply a question of pollination. The ultimate object of the flower is, of course, seed production, and as soon as fer- tilization has been effected the mission of the flower has been accomplished and the energies of the plant are then immediately turned to the de- velopment and perfection of the seed. Commercial florists have adopted a practice which to my mind is much more important than they know. Practically all growers of the Easter lily remove the anthers from the blossoms at an early stage of their development, preventing the pollen from maturing and falling upon the petals, and thus disfiguring and injuring the flowers. The golden THE GARDEN MAGAZINE grains of pollen scattered upon the white petals are a disadvantage to the commercial quality of. the flower, but aside from all this the emasculation of the flowers in this way has a very decided in- fluence upon their keeping qualities. If the flowers are allowed to become pollinated their usefulness as cut flowers or ornamental plants is very greatly decreased by the shortened life which they possess. ; This was brought to my attention very emphati- cally as much as twelve years ago by some studies which were being conducted with Easter lilies and Hibiscus. It was found that flowers which were pollinated, either purposely or accidentally, lost their beauty and usefulness very much more quickly than those emasculated or prevented {from becoming pollinated, so that from the stand- point of the florist the exclusion of bees, or any means which contributes to the pollination of the flower, is a very important matter. Washington, D. C. L. C. CorBeErt. A Bamboo Seventy Feet High OSSIBLY grows in Arcadia, Florida, and is about sev- enty feet high. The clump has a spread of fifty feet, and the diameter at the ground is twelve the tallest bamboo in America, feet. The specimen is only eight years old. This is the common bamboo of India (Bambusa vulgaris). I believe it was brought to South Florida from the West Indies. In Jamaica it has become naturalized, and is popularly supposed to be indigenous. This bamboo makes an astonishing growth dur- ing our rainy season, the canes often attaining their full height in six weeks, after which they begin to put out leaves. The canes are from four to five inches in diameter at their base. Unfortunately, this species cannot stand low temperatures, and the specimen in Arcadia has frequently been damaged by cold. It is the largest of the bamboo family that is grown to any extent in Florida. In propagating any of the large bamboos, I cut the canes in four to six foot lengths, and plant . them in a trench about six inches deep. They root readily, and send up two or three small shoots, six to ten feet long, the first season. Arcadia, Florida. C. S. BUSHNELL. Do Yow Knows thisy Plant ITI—A Vivip Marie CER GINNALA is a maple found in Man- churia, China and Japan. It is a shrub or small tree, seldom growing to a height of more than eighteen or twenty feet. In habit it is grace- ful, particularly during its earlier years. The leaves are three-lobed and from one and one-half to three inches long. In summer the foliage is thoroughly good, and in autumn, when it assumes its customary splendor, it is most charming. It turns earlier in the season than do the other maples, with the exception of the red maple, and keeps in good appearance for a long time. The flowers are borne in early June in panicles, which are about three inches long. The individual flowers are yellowish green and fragrant, an occurrence uncommon among the maples. Thus it depends for its value chiefly upon its neatness of habit and charm of autumnal coloring. It is perfectly hardy and vigorous. As to use it is desirable for planting when a JuLry 1909 Foliage of Acer Ginndld turns bright red in autumn and keeps in good condition for a long time small short-lived tree is desired in the background of a large shrubbery, and perhaps it might be useful as a nurse plant. Massachusetts. DANIEL A. CLARKE. A Plant to Grow on Stone Walls Cee accompanying photograph shows a stone wall on which the wall pepper (Sedum acre) is growing. This plant is also known as stonecrop and love entangled, and is one of the commonest of all sedums in cultivation. It is often used in edging flower beds and also as a carpeting plant for bare spots. The variety auwrewm is cultivated for spring bedding, the bright yellow tips of the new shoots furnishing a dash of color in an other- wise dull season. The flower stems of Sedwm acre are about two or three inches high, and the flowers about one- half inch across. The leaves are very smal] — less than one-quarter of an inch long — and are crowded together. They are thick and have an acrid taste.- This plant thrives even in poor soil and usually blooms from June to July. Connecticut. G. S. Jones. The wall pepper (Sedum acre) is one of the com- monest sedums in cultivation This Month’s Cover HE lily shown on this month’s cover is the white form of the Japanese spotted lily (L. speciosum, var. alba), and is probably the best white lily for general cultivation, being very thrifty although not so rugged as the red colored form, commonly known in gardens as Jiliwm rubrwn. The habit of the plant is very free and informal, and it makes a splendid subject in the mixed hardy border and in shrubberies. It is not only valued as a garden plant, however, but is extensively grown for cut flowers by florists. Specialists in lilies offer several named varieties of the speciosum lily, the best known being Melpomene and Kret- zeri, in both of which the coloring is very intense. : ) Jury. 1909 : Cap Re me a ed : Ij you are planning to build the Readers’ T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E Service can Hie give helpful eaepestions 353 a Little Gumption ALL SPOONFULS MAY LOOK ALIKE —they are not. Weigh them — Test them in actual work —Test them in making Soft Soap. Use the same quantity of water and powder in each test. @ PEARLINE is Con- densed Soap — Energy —the Original Washing Powder. It established the directions, a [able- spoonful to a Pail ‘of Water. You will have to use double or more of its followers to accom- plish the same work. @ PEARLINE is made of Pure Fats and V ege- table Oils —no refuse | used. It is Absolutely Harmless — Bnghtens Colors—does not turn White Goods Yellow Use A Little Gumption THE GREATER WANAMAKER’S (Enlarged and Specialized) Wanamaker Galleries— Furnishing and Decoration Pianoforte Salons Women’s Store Jewelry Store Housewares Store Men’s Store Book Store Sporting-Goods Store "The New Wanamaker “GUIDE BOOK” > IS READY AND WILL BE SENT —WITHOUT CHARCE-TO THE Home-Lovers of America and the World brings the story of the great Wanamaker Stores—and Galler- ies of Furnishing and Decoration, DIRECT TO YOUR LIBRARY TABLE. The ‘“‘GUIDE BOOK’’ tells about the celebrated ‘‘House Palatial,’’ a quarter million dollar Fur- ae nishing-Arts Exhibit (built into the Galleries) and other unique Wanamaker attractions, that are viewed by thousands every day. The “GUIDE BOOK”’ introduces our catalogues and folios and samples, which, in turn, illustrate our newest patterns in every category of Antique and Modern Furniture, Oriental Rugs, Carpets, Draperies, Laces, Upholstery Stuffs, Tablewares, Fancy Chinas, Cut Glass, Art Lamps, the famous Wanamaker Hygienic Bedding and other distinctive— though moderate priced—-Furnishings, that the women of New York and vicinity, revelin. The ‘‘GUIDE BOOK’’ alsotells interesting things about the Wanamaker Paris, London and New York fashions, in Men’s and Women’s Wearing Apparel. The ‘““GUIDE BOOK”’ tells about our specialized cor- respondence and Mail-Order Service. It tells how our ex- pert designers and decorators willsend you color-schemes, sug-., gestions and pictures of Furniture, with prices, for the room or the complete house, without charge for this service—which enables you to be served as thoroughly and profitably AS THOUGH WE WERE WAITING ON YOU AT THE STORE. Every woman who is interested in the Héme-Making Arts and the Home Beautiful, is invited to send rough sketch or blue-print, telling us what furnishing is contemplated and these suggestions, pictures and samples will go forward. In writing for the ‘GUIDE BOOK’’ and in other cor= respondence, address: JOHN WANAMAKER, Section H, NEW YORK. The “GUIDE BOOK’’ will be sent free— postpaid. A ROUND THE WORLD SERVICE JOHN WANAMAKER NEW YORK Paris Philadelphia The Monroe is the only refrigerator with inner walls, made in one piece from unbreakable solid porcelain an inch thick with all corners rounded, no cracks or crevices anywhere. It wea never corrodes—as metal lined re- q frigerators do, and will not check m@ or ‘craze’’ like "A Really SAFE Refrigerator found today in alarge majority of the very best homes in the United States, also in ourleading hospitals and sani- tariums. The health of the whole fam- ily is safeguarded by the use of a Mon- roe Refrigerator. Nothing anything like The Monroe or anywhere so good can be bought in : < 66 : N@NX tile. It, alone, é “ 99 any store. It is =| N@,can be steril- onroe sold direct from a factory to you. " germlessly clean in an instant by (iisimply wiping out with a cloth wrung from hot water. Every time Vit is washed it becomes in reality i] anew refrigerator. For these rea- ~ sons The ‘‘Monroe’’is installed in the best flats and apartments, occu- pied by people who care—and is NOTE-You can not buy a agent. We sell direct to you only. You save dealer’s profit. Thus geta good refrigeratorin The Monroe for the price the dealer would charge for a cheap, insanitary article. To learn all about this wonderfulrefrigerator, why itis somuch betterand howitissoldon 60 Days Free Trial,ask for our handsome, fully illustrated catalogue—today,. thinelike i fromanydenleror — MIQNROE REFRIGERATOR CO., Station 13 Cincinnati, 0. 354 PAINT TALKS—No. 6 Making Different Tints There are many advantages in using paint mixed by hand at the time of painting. The property-owner who has had painting done understands the most important one, namely: the fact that paint thus made to order, if made of pure white lead and pure linseed oil, is by far the most durable, because it is made to suit the conditions of each particular job. Not so many building-owners, however, stop to think how great an additional advantage is afforded them by the fact that the most delicate gradation of tint which whim or fancy may dictate can be had in made-to-order white lead paint, The house-owner is not confined to two or three yellows, for instance, but may select from a hundred delicate gradations, if he wishes. So with the blues, the grays, the pinks and all the tints. For interior decoration, especially, this wide range of selection is of inestimable value. If a woman of taste wants a certain shade, something “pretty near” will not do. She can get it exact in made-to-order white lead paint. There is more about color schemes in our Painting Outfit V, together with reasons why white lcad bearing the Dutch Boy Painter trademark gives most for the money in economy and satisfaction. Buy of your local dealer if possible. If he hasn’t it do not accept something else, but write our near- NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY An office in each of the following cities: New York, Boston, Buffalo, Cincin - nati, Chicago, Cleveland, St. Louis, (John ‘Tl. Lewis & Bros. Company, ia Philadelphia), (National Lead & Oil 5 Tinseqewr eERENE TN an Tractor eevee es PERT nh Selsey Company, Pittsburgh.) ee Than is delivered by any More Water other style of pump and 25 to 33'2% more water than is raised by any other pump of the same type is produced by the “American” Centrifugal Pump It’s because the impeller is accurately & machined to the casing, there is no sudden change of direction of the water in passing thru the pump, and the entire | mechanical efficiency con- tributes directly to the raising of water. “Amer- ican Centrifugals are guar- anteed rigidly. Ask for our new catalog. The American Well Works, Office and Works, Aurora, IL. First National Bank Building, Chicago Reinecke, Wagner Pump & Supply Co., Pittsburg, Pa The Readers’ Service will give you injor- mation about leading hotels anywhere THE GARDEN Dahlias That Are Really Worth Growing ANS a dahlia fancier for a good many years past I have read with a great deal of interest the two recent articles in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE on my favorite flower. Of course, everyone is entitled to his own opinion as to varieties, and I have mine. After having grown nearly every thing that I could secure, and not merely one or two roots only but giving a thorough, comparative trial in every case, I feel that I am in a position to make some recommendations myself, and to point out some of the reasons why I do not entirely agree with all of the selections and opinions of Mr. Fuld. I am glad that the writer is candid in his remarks about Madame Van der Dael. This, to my mind, is the loveliest and best-formed decorative dahlia I have ever grown. Kriemhilde (cactus) is, indeed, a lovely pink bloom, but it has such a short stem that 90 per cent. of my visitors pass it by, preferring others of the same coloring. As the best white cactus yet grown I am inclined to name Schwan, although Lawine is preferable for the garden as it is a mass of white bloom, almost covering and hiding its green foliage; the flower, however, is loosely formed. Schwan is perfect in shape and ideal as to length of stem, contour, and petal. Amos Perry, bright scarlet, with me is not so well formed, though the coloring is so intense as to be really dazzling. I agree that Wunderkund is the best type of the “indefinable color” group, although in the oid Britannia is a color that has never been equaled. It, however, has a thick, meaty centre, though when specially grown for exhibition purposes it becomes a most beautiful flower. The Lilliputian class is not generally grown, and but little known by even the dahlia growers of this country. While Prof. Mansfield is classed as a variegated decorative, it certainly has two distinctive types. I do not approve of calling A. D. Livoni a small bloom, but rather medium size, for if planted in rich soil and disbudded it will make flowers of very good size. All that is said of its commend- able qualities is true. Storm King with me seems to ripen up too fast, and gives now and then an impression of “‘ox-eye” or yellow centre. I have a white that is without exception the strongest in development from start to ripened bud, a very solid and beautiful flower, with a slight cream cast in the base of the petals. It came to me under the name of La Favorite. Charles Lanier is comparatively new, having been grown only last season. Vashti 1 have not only never seen, but fail to find in any catalogue I have. Mr. Glasscock I have discarded aiter five years’ trial — it was a rare thing to find a perfect flower. The blooms were gg per cent. with false centres, the petals failed to fill out, and the purple color was very dark with no lustre. Edward Lefavour is not yet well enough known to warrant its being placed ahead of a standard tested variety generally approved; although I am led to believe that it will yet warrant all that is claimed for it. In the pompons I am confident that there is no white like Snowclad, and I have cover sixty varieties In my collection. In single dahlias, the Twentieth Century class takes with all visitors to the garden, and at fairs and shows as well. I have received a new variety grown in England called Mrs. Tait, which I am looking forward to with no little curiosity. Maurice Rivoire is indeed a very positive im- provement in the collerettes over some of the older ones, for while the color is not so good, the flower is inclined to give more to the collar and not the main petals of the bloom. I think Eten- dard de Lyon, Gallia, Prince Galitzine and even old President Viger will be just as much in demand as those with immense white collerette petals. No one who loves a white flower can gainsay the statement that Kaiserin Augusta Victoria is a regal beauty among the decoratives, but to say so much for Mrs. Roosevelt seems to me to be an error, for it is a heavy bloom and fades or grows velvety in its centre; it does not behave the same way with different growers, and I cannot get it to make good clumps of tubers. I have written to ; large concerns who deal in wholesale quantities, MAGAZINE JULY, 1909 old, and the best methods of plant- a \ Va The best varieties, both new and : ing to raise a full crop of strawberries next year are fully particularized in DREER’S Mid-Summer Catalogue Also the best varieties of Celery, Cabbage Plants, ete. _ Amost complete list of the Best Hardy Perennial Seeds for summer sowing. Also vegetable and farm seeds for summer and fall sowing. Select list of seasonable decorative aud flowering plants. Write for a copy and kindly mention this magazine—FPREE. HENRY A. DREER re Wilks Hot Water Heaters Insure Even Temperature at any desired degree the year around in green houses, poultry houses, barns, garages, cot- tages, etc. Wilks’ improved coal magazine, is the only one that regulates itself and keeps the fire 10 hours—saving need of night firing. Most economical in use of fuel, and as easily cared for as a kitchen range. We guarantee satisfactory results from every heater recommended by us and in- stalled according to our directions. =| giving sizes, price Write for Book 20 s2e5, prce etc.,and te 1 us what you want a heater or, We will advise you what to get and furnish specifications for setting up S. WILKS MANUFACTURING CO. 3535 Shields Avenue, Chicago. FURNISHED WITH PLOW, SHOVEL, WEEDER, RAKE It possesses more good features for the money than any similar implement made, and is an excellent and useful implement for anyone hay- ing a large or small garden. It Weighs Only 1¢ Pounds and the handles are adjustable in height, mak- ing it convenient and easy to operate by either adults or children. Light, Strong and Serviceable, and the best Combined Garden Plow and Cultivator made. Tbe attachments are interchangeable, and by their use all kinds of garden work can be done —and done well. Insist on getting P. & O. goods from your Dealer. Write for catalog No. 121. Parlin & Orendorff Co., Canton, Ills. a ii i i a JuLty, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE How to Grow Roses AXLE GREASE I MICA va = , WW \ i) ii} h Saves horse power. \ Lessens wagon wear. YOU can’t afford to be without it. Your dealer has Mica Axle Grease. Ask for it. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (INCORPORATED) A trusty guide to success with roses out of doors. Inval- uable to every lover of the Queen of Flowers. Mailed for 10c. Dutch Bulbs and Roots cova C. G. van Tubergen, Jr. Haarlem, Holland Orders for importation only. Catalog free. C. C. ABEL & CO., Sole Agents, 112 Broad St., New York Genasco Ready Roofing Trinidad Lake Asphalt Roofing. Does | away with leaks and repairs. Guaranteed. Write for Good Roof Guide Book and Samples THE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY Largest producers of asphalt and largest manufacturers of ready roofing in the world. PHILADELPHIA San Francisco Chicago New York I} you wish injormation about dogs, apply to the Readers’ Service 355 Keep The Tank Throw Away the Tower HAT’S what you do when you install a Kewanee System of Water Supply ! The Kewanee Pneumatic Tank is buried in the ground or located in the cellar—there is no elevated or attic tank to freeze, over-flow, leak or collapse— and the water is delivered by air pressure evenly and abundantly to all fixtures. Tem- perate in winter and cool in summer. Every country or suburban home can be provided with all the sanitary conveniences and comforts of the best city water system with The Kewanee System of Water Supply which ten years of practical experience and technical knowledge of trained experts has made the most perfect, the most practical of all water supply systems. Over nine thousand Kewanee Systems in successful operation supplying water for country and suburban residences, clubs, farms, schools, public and private institutions, villages, etc. The Kewanee System is not an imitation—is not a substitute. It is the oe pw Kewanee Pumping Outfits Kewanee pumping outfits are furnished for any special pumping requirements. The same technical skill and practical knowledge required to develop and perfect complete Kewanee Systems, are devoted to the solution of individual pumping problems. No charge for expert engineering service. Let us help you solve your water problem. Write for our 64-page illustrated catalogue No. 16. It is free. Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, Ill. 1212 Marquette Building, Chicago, lil. 1566 Hudson-Terminal Building, 50 Church Street, New York Citv. 305 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburg, Pa. enables you to read the Target at a distance of over 400 yards, therefore the problem of a FARM ff LEVEL with TELESCOPE at moderate cost has GB at last been solved. Voluntary letters from every State in the Union show the complete satisfaction it gives for all kinds of DRAINAGE WORK, IRRIGATION, DITCHING, TERRACING and every sort of farm work requiring a Level. Guaranteed to be abso- & lutely SIMPLE, ACCURATE, DURABLE and dependable in every respect. NOW is the time to send in your order. BOSTROM-BRADY MFG. CO. 154 MADISON AVENUE ATLANTA, GA. £F tions, shipped anywhere C.0.D. $15.00 and express charges, Subject to Examina- 2 The Readers? Service will gi ; 356 aarmanen Ghoultailoeiapee Ty H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E : x JULY , 1909 An All-Around Stove Your kitchen may be well planned—everything apparently handy—yet if there is nota New Perfection Wick Blue Flame Oil Cook-Stove in it, the one greatest convenience of all is lacking. The “New Perfection” is a home and family stove—big enough and powerful enough to do all you’d ever ask a cooking- stove to do, and, best of all, it does its work without over-heat- ing the kitchen. The NEW PERFECTION Wick Blue Flame Oil Cook-Stove is built with a CABINET TOP just like a modern range. It is the most convenient stove ever made and is almost indispensable to summer comfort. “Three sizes. Can be had either with or without Capinet Top. If not with your dealer, write our nearest agency. The Ra cL P is the most perfect all-round home light. oO AM Has large font, best and latest center draft burner and beautiful porcelain shade. It is easily cleaned, easily managed. If not with your dealer, write our nearest agency. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Incorporated) : v ALLOW us to send you without charge this little 84 portfolio showing com- position stone ornaments such as sun dials, benches, fountains, vases, etc., suitable for the large estate or small garden. It will tell you how to make your garden a delight- ful outdoor living room and also offer you in the con- venience of your home a wide selection of garden accessories. You can select garden accessories from this portfolio as confidently and_ satisfactorily as if z you were at the Garden Studio, 647 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. ' We have long made a specialty of the most classic and beautiful accessories for mak- ing the country place more attractive or the small garden an outdoor living room. This firm also makes a specialty of interior decoration of churches, libraries, residences and public buildings. Address Garden Department, L. HABERSTROH & SON 647 Boylston Street BOSTON, MASS. and they have informed me to get sufficient stock one has to depend upon slips or cuttings and started plants. When cut for bouquet work it will not compare for beauty or keeping quality with Madame Van der Dael. It has a tendency to run out and is subject to a disease which will not allow it to develop into a strong bush. W. W. Rawson is indeed a lovely bloom, but comparatively new and not yet tried by many outside of the professional growers. Delice is a beautiful shade of pink and I hope to soon be able to speak of its behavior. I am sorry that the writer did not mention Lord Lyndhurst (decorative), which is a fiery scarlet just as good as the standby, Wm. Agnew, is of its color, scarlet. crimson. Both are marvelously grand in border, shrubbery or field, and in bouquet work it is hard to find their equal. Jack Rose I am inclined to think has a tenden-. cy to over-bloom and so give flowers much reduced in size. Jumbo has been a _ very strong favorite with me, but it has too many flowers which drop down and hide their faces either in the bush or on the ground. Minos is one of the best dark maroons ever grown — tall, with long stems, and strong. Papa Charmet is a fit companion to it. I prefer either Siegfried or Henry Patrick to Flora, but believe that Mrs. Winters is better still. The stem of Perle de la Téte d’Or is so rigid and hard that it does not lend itself to cutting or even to grace on the bush itself, as a rule, and the flower is stiffly flattened. A few blooms now and then are better than the average, but they are hardly to be considered normal. Long Island, N. Y. E. STANLEY BROWN. Improve the Soil ves beginner looks upon all money spent for manure or fertilizers as a waste. But after the first expense, the point of view invariably changes. You feel a pride in having done something for the land. And when the crops come they are so much bigger and better than you expected that you become eager to spend more on fertilizing. Consider texture of the soil first, then plant food. Every gardener should use manure, because it improves the texture of the soil, while commercial fertilizers do not. The drawbacks to manure are four: It contains relatively little plant food; the most valuable portion is likely to escape; it intro- duces weed seeds; and the odor is objectionable. However, it is invaluable for supplying humus, i. e., decaying vegetable matter. Therefore use all the good manure you can afford to buy, as there is no danger of overfeeding the heavily cropped vegetable garden with this fertilizer. I Another way to improve the texture of the soil is to sow crimson clover in July among corn and other wide-planted crops. In late fall or early spring plow under the clover to add nitrogen and humus. A third method is to deposit all leaves and clean garden refuse in a pit where it may decay. Keep all decaying. vegetable matter well covered with earth so as to prevent odors or unsightliness. In one year you will have invaluable fertilizing matter. If you cannot procure sufficient quantities of manure at reasonable prices, use commercial ferti- lizers to make up the deficiency. The most satisfac- tory combination for me is bone meal and muriate of potash, together with what manure it is possible to procure. Bone meal contains from 24 to 44 per cent. nitro- gen and 20 to 25 per cent. phosphoric acid, but a large part of the latter is not immediately available as plant food, but it becomes so as the particles of bone decay. Bone flour, which is very much finer than the meal, costs more but is quicker in action. Muriate of potash contains about 50 per cent. potash. I use it in the proportions of two parts by weight of bone meal to one of muriate of potash. Nitrate of soda (15 to 16 per cent. nitrogen) applied at the rate of one pound to 400 sq. ft. or r00 lbs. to the acre, is of especial benefit in the early spring, when the effects can be seen in three to five days after rain or watering. Spend at least twice as much for manure as you do for seed, and more if you can. Penna. J. L. Kayan. ant Jury, 1909 THE Discriminating Thousands are following the work of MISS UNA L. SILBERRAD with increasing interest and admiration. This author depicts the normal life of normal but in- teresting people with assurance and illumination. The growing circle of Miss Silberrad’s readers has notably increased since the publication of “The Good Comrade” and “Desire.” The previous books are “Curayl” “The Wedding of the Lady of Lovell ” “Petronilla Heroven ” “The Success of Mark Wyngate” “Princess Puck ” “The Lady of Dreams” For Sale at all Bookstores Per Volume, $1.50 COUNTRY LIFE ‘THE WoRLD's WoRK THE GARDEN IN AMERICA “MAGAZINE DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &Co. NEW YoRK. Place a sundial in your garden or on your lawn and it will return an hundred fold in quiet enjoyment. Write us for free booklet of Sundial Information Chas. G. Blake & Co. 787 Womans Temple, Chicago, Ill. Wagner Park Conservatories SIDNEY, OHIO, Landscape Gardeners and Growers of Choice Nursery Stock ILLETT’S Hardy Ferns and Flowers For Dark, Shady Places Send for my descriptive catalogue of over 50 pages, which tells about this class of plants, It’s free. Epwaro GILLETT,BOX C SOUTHWICK, MASS. For Big and Quick Profits or For Your Own Use Ten years’ experience enables me to give practical O ™ instructions worth many do'lars to you without inter- P i f fering with regular occupation, no matter where Mt iy located. Send for Free Book and particulars how ‘i tostart,etc. JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM Wy 3140 N. Western Ave. Chicago, Ill. DUTCH BULBS Sold by the growers direct to the planter We are the only dealers in the United States owning and working nurseries in the Sassenheim district of Holland. We are quoting a large assortment of novelties and species of Darwin and May flowering Tulips. Orders taken until July 20th will be filled direct from our nurseries. GARDEN George H. Peterson Catalogues on If you wish to purchase live-stock write the Readers’ Service MAGAZINE MADE BY KODAK WORKMEN. 384 BROWNIE A new Camera from the Kodak factory. The pictures are post card size (3'4 x 5%) Built on the Kodak plan. Uses Kodak, daylight loading, cartridge films. Has automatic focusing lock, F. P. K. auto- matic shutter, with pneumatic release, two tripod sockets, and reversible finder. Carefully made and well finished. Price, with Single Meniscus Achromatic Lens, $10.00 Do., with Rapid Rectilinear Lens, 4 5 12.00 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, “© The Book of the Brownies,” Sree at your dealers or by mail, ROCHESTER, N. Y., The Kodak City. Rose and Peony Specialist FAIR LAWN, N. J. them are application SUN-DIALS yeue;, am PEDESTALS Send for illustrated Roses of all kinds lose time by postponing for another season. y I s SHY Potted Plants READY NOW FOR PLANTING Save a year’s time and get veszlts at once by getting our big, healthy, potted plants and set them out this month. These plants move easily without disturbance to their present growth and you get vesz/ts at once. Our ‘‘May and June Bulletin’”’ containsa full list of all these potted plants, Among -Japanese Maples Vines—big ones Perennials—blooming size Copy mailed free. Write for one today and do not SEND FOR OUR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOG. FRANKEN BROS. DEERFIELD ILLINOIS ! price list H 29 HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. Chicago, Ill, New York Office. 1123 Broadway THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, Inc. “ewe Grow all Plants that Live Outside” BOX 17, GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Ifyou are planning to build, the Readers’ 358 Paeonies All the choice vari- eties from every source. Wellesley Farms. THE GARDEN Servicecan give you helpjul suggestions MAGAZINE JULY, 1909 What Is the Use Trying te Get Along Without a Greenhouse ? OU will build one sooner or later and we believe if you knew how reasonable in price a house like this is, what a great amount of pleasure can be derived from it and what a help they are in carrying on your garden operations, you would straight away have one. The greenhouse itself is 11 feet wide and 25 feet long—just a nice size to start with. The workroom you can make cost little or much just as you incline. Perhaps you have some building on the place that will an- swer the purpose, or why don’t you attach it direct to your house, and put the boiler in the cellar and omit the workroom entirely? The frame of this greenhouse is made of steel with just enough wood to secure the glass, making an extremely light, attractive and very durable house. It is just the kind of house you will have no end of pleasure working in now and then. When you find out just how much pleasure, it’s a chance if you won’t insist on doing all of it. This house is fully described in our catalogue, and you had better send for it. U-BAR GREENHOUSES PIERSON DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS U-BAR CO. 1 MADISON AVE..NEW YORK. @» 2G WES rd Verna OOS SAE EAGER SSE DANS Ses Bs INF NS UNS ONS Just Publichel An unusually interesting circular, describing this new curved Eave Greenhouse of ours. It is the kind of a house you want to know about, so send for the circular. Hitchings & Company 1170 Broadway New York ot AES SRS PBL fC IEIIETARS NEESER iS (GC OR RE Horsford’s Hardy Plants For Cold Climates are field grown in Cold Vermont. They are con- stitutionally hardy and should stand any climate in the U. S. They are packed for shipment in sphagnum moss and are guaranteed to reach the purchaser in fresh condition, Ask for catalogue. FRED’K H. HORSEFORD, Charlotte, Vt. The best in the world. Lists free. E. J. SHAYLOR Paeony Specialist Massachusetts = AS TRADE MARK . s Ae ‘An AbsoletelyNew Idea A rat-killer—very effective, ready to use, not inflammable, and the only one safe to handle, because if accidentally taken, small quantities are Harmless to Human Beings Made in form of squash seeds, the rats’ favorite food. The rats do not die in the house, but rush for the open air and water. Will not poison dogs, eats or hens. 20 cents at your druggists’, or sent: pre- paid for 25 cents im stamps or coin. FULTON CHEMICAL CO. 100 William Street New York City An Astonishing Bulb O*E of the most extraordinary flowers in cultivation is MHall’s amaryllis (Lycoris squamigera), which reverses the order of nature: by blooming in midsummer without any foliage. Ordinary bulbs bloom in spring and rest in summer, but, as the accompanying picture shows, Hall’s. amaryllis suddenly appears out of the bare ground. during the dry season. This extraordinary plant has fragrant, rosy-lilac which reverses the order of Hall’s amaryllis nature by blooming in summer without waiting until next spring to put forth its leaves flowers which are banded with yellow. Fortunately the plant is hardy in New England. In the spring the leaves make their growth, die: down, and after a long interval of rest the flower stalks appear with the strange effect here shown. The bulbs are also procurable from importers of Japanese plants and are offered in a few of the general bulb catalogues. We presume that the bulbs are best planted in September, but with such unusual plants it is well to place an order several months in advance of their probable delivery. New York. L. B. C. Improving Tuberous Begonias HE man who has done the most for tuberous be- goniasin America they say, is Mr. Griffin, now Superintendent of the Whitney estate at Westbury, L. I. Some society ought to persuade him to put. on record all the improvements he made by hybrid- izing and how he managed to grow tuberous be- gonias on the Hempstead Plain in full sunshine and with full exposure to those famous winds. Ons eA, If you wish to purchase live stock write to the Readers’ Service. Jury 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE AVG LAWN SAND CLIMAX _ DESTROYS WEEDS NOT AN EXPERIMENT IN 24 HOURS. 3or tNoEXPERIMENT The only preparation that will kill the weeds absolutely, not disfigure the lawn or destroy the grass, and in addition act as a fertilizer, thus promoting aluxurious sward. Eradicates dandelions, plantains, chick- GARDENING weeds, moss, etc., etc. Special booklet giving full particulars sent free. 3% lb. can, 60 cents $3.00) 28 Ibs. . . W.W.RAWSON & CO. BOSTON, MASS. Seedsmen 7 Ib.can . . $1.00 56 Ibs. . . . $5.00 Purchaser paying transit. Trial Package 25c. The wrapper of package containing your address will be 14 Ib. can . . $1.75 112 lbs. . . . $8.00 Mailed Free redeemed for the amount of 25 cents if enclosed witha regular order for lawn sand. That breed enthusiasm in the Nature lover— books cramfull of best-result-producing ideas by Garden and Farm Almanac for 1909 How to Grow Flowers and Vegetables. 180 pages of every-day value. Fully illustrated. 25 cents postpaid. How to Make a Fruit Garden By S. W. Fletcher. An eminently practical work on the subject of fruits for the home. The 200 photographs will whet your appetite. Net, $2.00 (postage 20c). How to Make a Flower Garden A charming and practical book by experts. More than 200 photographs. Net, $1.60 (postage, 16c). How to Make a Vegetable Garden By Edith L. Fullerton. A really adequate book on the home vegetable garden. 250 photographs. Net, $2.00 (postage 20c). How to Make School Gardens By H. D. Hemenway. A manual of school gardening for both teacher and pupil, and fife first work of the sort. 10 illustrations from photographs. Net, $1.00 (postage roc). The Country Home By E. P. Powell. For the country home- maker. Illustrations. Net, $1.50 (postage, 19). How to Plan the Home Grounds By H.S. Parsons, Jr. Directions, selections enthusiasts who are also experts BOOKS of site, care and the making of roads and paths, lawns, hedges, gardens, etc. 56 illustrations. Net, $1.00 (postage, roc). A Plea for Hardy Plants By J. Wilkinson Elliott. A strong plea for variety and permanence in the plants used forhome adornment. A suggestive work. 50 illustrations; binding, boards. Net, $1.60 (postage 16c). The Nature Study Idea By L. H. Bailey. An interpretation of nature. Net, $1.00 (postage 20c). Farm Management By F. W. Card. A specific, practical guide. Illustrations. Net, $2.00 (Postage 20c). The Country House By Charles E. Hooper. Treats also of the garden and its furnishings. Net, $3.00 (post- age 12c). A Journey to Nature By J. P. Mowbray. How a Wall Street man became acquainted with Nature. Net, $1.50 (postage 12¢). The Making of a Country Home By J. P. Mowbray. For the city dweller who would move countryward. Net, $1.50 (postage 15Cc). The The Vegetable Garden By Ida D. Bennett. volume. Profusely illustrated. (postage 12c). The Flower Garden By Ida D. Bennett. A comprehensive and handy manual for the flower gardener. 47 illustrations. Net, $1.10 (postage 17c). The Orchard and Fruit Garden By E. P. Powell. The planting and culti- vation of fruit, fruit-bearing trees and bushes. Illustrations. Net, $1.10 (postage 18c). Lawns and How to Make Them By Leonard Barron. With formule cor seed mixtures for special soils and sites. Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.10 (postage Ioc). A meaty, informing Net, $1.10 Roses and How to Grow Them By Many Experts. The only recent book How to Keep Bees By Anna Botsford Comstock. The author treats her subject with rare charm. Illustra- tions. Net, $1.00 (postage toc). Garden Library on this most popular of all flowers. Illus- trated. Fixed price, $1.10 (postage 1oc). Daffodils-Narcissus and How to Grow Them By A. M. Kirby. All that is really worth while about these most popular of spring bulbs. Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.10 (post- age Ioc). Water Lillies and How to Grow Them By Henri Hus and Henry S. Conard. A practical garden knowledge of the best water lilies and other aquatics by America’s great authority. Illustrated. Fixed price, $z.10 (postage roc). Ferns and How to Grow Them By G.A. Woolson. The Author success- fully solves the problem of growing the beauti- ful native ferns of our eastern woods. — Illus- trated. Fixed price, $1.10 (postage roc). Soils: How to Handle and Improve Them By S. W. Fletcher. too photographs. $2.00 (postage 20c). Net, DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133 East Sixteenth Street, NEW YORK The Readers’ Service is trepared to advise parents in regard to schools The Best of Servants A customer writes: ‘‘ Twenty-one years ago I purchased from your firm a 6-inch Ericsson Hot-Air Engine, and it has been in constant use all that time. I am glad to say that it ts the best servant I have ever had, and it warks as good to-day as the day when I bought it; 1 gives perfect satisfaction and does all you claim for it. wood for fuels. I can't speak too highly of its working.”’ Yes, the Hot-Air Pump is in all respects an ideal servant. It works without grumbling. It is always ready to do its duty. It requires no eversight. It knows its business, and does its work as well as the work can be done. It needs neither rest nor holidays. There is another likeness, too: those who have ex- perience of its good qualities are always eager to recommend it to their friends. Again, the Hot-Air Pump is not only the best but also the most economical of servants: it will save the I have used it with gasoline, gas, and household use. All this drudgery is relieved by a Hot-Air Pump. It frequently takes the place of one or more domestic servants, thus in a few months paying its entire first cost. It is the most economical form of constant water supply now known, and will outlast a genera- tion of users. peurest “ReeCo-AIDER o REECO-ERICSSON appears upon the pump you purchase. This name protects you THE GARDEN WAG AZINE against worthless imitations. When so situated that you can- not personally inspect the pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of a reputable dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine pump. Over 40,000 are in use throughout the world today. time of others in your employ. Look around your place and see how much time is spent daily in conveying water by hand for the laun- dry, the live stock, the garden, and every Write for catalogue U, and ask for reduced price-list. RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE Co. (Also builders of the new “‘ Reeco”’ Electric Pump.) 35 Warren Street, New York 239 Franklin Street, Boston 40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia 234 West Craig Street, Montreal, P. Q. 22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W. HOT-AIR PUMP The Book of 100 Houses Sent free to anyone who intends to build. This book contains photographic views of over 100 houses of all kinds (from the smallest camps and bungalows to the largest residences) in all parts of the country, that have been stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains. They are designed by leading architects and are full of ideas and suggestions of interest and value to those who contemplate building. SAMUEL CABOT, Inc. Sole Manufacturers, 1 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass. Agents at all Central Points. Sold by the Seed Dealers Grand Show of Asters— The Station Agent’s Plan My Aster beds are along the railroad track of the Central New England. It has been my pleasure to have a grand show. The black beetle and the striped bug are very troublesome. These pests will skin the whole bunch if we let them alone, but we don’t let them alone, for as soon as the plants are well grown I take Hammond’s Slug Shot and a bellows and go over the whole. On a still day dust settles everywhere. Then when the blooms begin to open we give them another dose and we have the flowers. This year we let them go and the bugs or beetles got a start and we started for them, but they did us damage. For many years I have known Slug Shot and used it, and there is no use trying to raise flowers or fruit or vegetables without you watch them, because as sure as the sun shines you will have bugs, lice or beetles which you must get rid of. Now on cucumbers the striped bugs play havoc. You told me once to put some Slug Shot in water and sprinkle the rows. When that is done the cucumbers grow. The cherry trees will curl the leaves with lice; if you can blow Slug Shot over these ends the Slug Shot sticks to the sticky mess which comes where these lice are and they do not spread. S:M\\ “TRADE. WARS Hammond’s Yours respectfully, LUTHER BRUNDAGE. Billings, N. Y., October 25, 1908. 7 1s89 For Pamphlet on ‘‘Bugs and Blight’’ Worth yon SS Having wrile to THY ano Deno.’ S iameeay> Hammond's Slug-Shot Works 7 FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON, NEW YORK TRADE MAHM oS oS Cattle Comfort’’ Jury, 1909 Practical Ideas from England oe finest summer hyacinths I have ever seen were three and a half feet high. They were grown in pots of moss and fibre by Mr. Robert Sydenham, of Birmingham, at whose home I saw these glorious plants in July, 1908. Jf you want something new for hall or house decoration in summer try a dozen bulbs of Galtonia candicans in a large pot of moss and fibre. I saw about three thousand grape hyacinths in bloom under oak trees in Lord Northcliffe’s wild garden at Sutton Place in Surrey. Eight years ago a thousand bulbs had been planted there and nothing further had been done. They had bloomed every year and multiplied threefold. It is worth trying, even if you have only one oak tree. Are you curing any tulip bulbs in the cellar this summer? Don’t let the sun strike them or the skins will crack and split off. A bulb without a skin often sprouts too early. What a shame that so superb a flower as Or- nithogalum pyramidale should be married to such worthless foliage! Fancy a perfect pyramid of starry, white flowers, each blossom an inch across and the spike a foot and a half high — one hundred ~ or more flowers on a single stalk! It is a prodigy of bloom and the very perfection of formal beauty. But, alas, the foliage turns yellow and begins to decay just before the floral display begins. This defect can be only partially hidden by setting the bulbs in the middle of a hardy border among plants that will be a foot high by the middle of June. Who can tell us the most effective way of growing those lovely flowers —the English irises? They bloom in June, too late for spring bedding and seem to be used for dotting in mixed flower beds. Is there any way of massing them without giving up a bed to them for a whole year? Can they be combined with stocks or China asters? It is hard to believe that so lovely a flower as Allium Moly belongs to the onion family, and, fortunately, it does not possess enough of the alliaceous odor to be objectionable in a flower garden. It has large umbels of yellow flowers in June, and makes splendid clumps in hardy borders or shrubberies. It is an old European plant sometimes called the “golden garlic.” Why not naturalize this golden garlic on some American estate as they do in England? What yellow flower of June can you name that has equal beauty and ease of culture? I saw the bulbs offered last fall for only $5 a thousand. What a lovely sight a thousand of these would make in some New York or Pennsylvania meadow, where they would probably hold their own and multiply year after year. If you act on this suggestion won't you take a photograph for THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, or give us a chance to? New York W. M. A Difficult Anemone to Grow AST summer, in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, * there appeared various reports, mostly dis- couraging, regarding the results from planting Anemone blanda, which had been highly praised the year before. I, however, have had such pleasing success that I would not be afraid to plant them in large numbers. In July, 1907, I ordered the roots, about fifty in number, and planted them in September imme- diately upon receipt. They were set about twenty feet from the house, along a path leading toward the gardens. ‘The spot is sheltered from the coldest winds and quite sunny in the early spring, when neighboring trees and shrubs are bare. The soil was sandy and poor, so I dug in a little fine bone. On the approach of winter I covered them with two inches of leaves and a few boards. The following spring a large proportion of the plants appeared, sending up flowers of the most beautiful purple. In the fall I again gave slight protection and this spring they bloomed more freely, the bed keeping its beauty for quite three weeks. My success I attribute to fresh, sound roots (they do not bear transportation and keeping very well), prompt planting, and a slight covering to . protect them from “throwing” in the uncertain, changeable winters we usually have in this section. Massachusetts. THOMAS L. SPRAGUE. Ij a problem grows in your garden wrile to Jury, 1909 THE GA RDEN MAGAZINE the Readers’ Service for assistance 361 | Send at Once for Our Book on Heating Pictures Against Talk O matter how complicated his cream separator, every “bucket bowl” manufacturer claims his machine is simplest and easiest to clean. Even the makers of disk machines—with 4o to 60 pieces inside the bowl—make the same claims. Yet none of these “bucket bowl” fellows dare put pictures of their separator bow] parts into their advertisements—they all realize that pic- | tures would make their claims ridiculous. The Sharples Dairy Tubular Cream Separator is, without exception, the only simple, sanitary, easy to clean separator made. We put pictures against “bucket bowl” talk. We fre- quently show you pictures of the light, Gee oat de oe ene simple Dairy Tubular Bowl and of piece used in Sharples Dairy Tubu= . ry Ss » lar bowls. The other contains noth= heavy, complicated bucket bowls. ing but disks from a single ‘“‘bucket Compare them. They tell the whole bowl.” Which is simple and easy : to clean? ‘story. It will take you less than thirty seconds to put “bucket bowl” claims where they belong. The self styled “original maker of disk machines” is trying to maintain sales by patent infringement suits against equally cheap machines, that have been made for several years with disks like his. If you want to avoid work, expense and dissatisfaction, get a Sharples Dairy Tubular. Made in the world’s biggest and best separator factory. Branch factories in Canada and Germany. Sales greater than most, if not all, “bucket bowl” separators combined. Write for catalog No. 215. yeey The Sharples Separator Co. rs Toronto, Can. West Chester, Penna., Portland, Ore. Winnipeg, Can. Chicago, Ills. San Francisco, Cal. Target Brand Quick Bordeaux O R @ aspray material for use on trees and plants H I D S in foliage. The unique method of packing makes it entirely different from other pre- G pared Bordeaux. Send for testimonials and Largest importers and growers of opinions showing how to increase the yield s 0 of your fruit and potatoes from 50% to ORCHIDS in the United States L000 DY. its use: GANGS IIR 2 BO FRR 1 IG I TARGET BRAND, Box 707, Martinsburg, W. Va. Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. It tells the experiences in heating their homes of many people in the coldest parts of the east. It explains why the ‘Winchester Heater | is the best for the large or small, new or old building; how it cuts down coal bills, and why your child can operate it. Write us today Smith & Thayer Co. 234 Congress St., Boston, Mass. 30,000 Horticultural Pictures for Sale or to Loan for Reproduction During our long experience as publishers of Country Life in America, Garden-Farming Magazine, and The World’s Work, we have gathered together over 30,000 photographs showing an immense variety of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, both in detail and environment. We are willing to loan or sell outright these prints. A line by mail to our Illustration De- partment, specifying the prints desired, will bring you samples of precisely the horticultural pictures you need. Doubleday, Page & Company 133 East 16th Street, New York City Kill San Jose Scale You need not lose your fruit crop this season. Spray your orchard early with a Strong solution of Good’s “wie 3i" Soap No. 3 It will positively destroy scale, apple scab, aphis, lice, bugs, worms, White Fly and all other insects and parasites which infest your trees, plants and shrubs. It contains no poisonous or injurious ingredients; no silt, sulphur or mineral oils. It fertilizes the soil, and quickens growth. Endorsed by the U. S. Department of Agriculture 50 Ibs., $2.50; 100 Ibs., $4.50; larger quantities proportionately less. Wrice for free booklet, ‘*A Manual of Plant Diseases.’ JAMES GOOD 931 N. Front St., Philadelphia Original Maker Order Bulbs Now *"o‘t0'25." Get “Adams’ Little Brown Book ” and write for special import prices Henry Saxton Adams Wellesiey, Mass. The Oil That Stays On a Loose Bearing is Ruddy Harvester Oil. It has a way of staying on and wearing long which makes it invaluable for farm machinery— especially when boxes and bearings are considerably worn. Ruddy Harvester Oil | E is a heavy oil, yet a free feeder. There is no acid in it —it won't gum and it won't rust. Winter or Summer, the best oil for heavy or much worn farm machinery is Ruddy Harvester Oil. Comes in quart, gallon, 5-gallon cans, half barrels and barrels. Ask for it. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Incorporated ) THE BOOKS OF Ellen Glasgow The Ancient Law The Battle Ground The Wheel of Life The Voice of the People The Deliverance The Freeman, and other Poems Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., N. Y. 9 The Readers’ Service will give you 362 injormation about motor boats Upon this picture making. An old time painter making paint by hand. We do not grind Oxide of Zinc in oil. MAY BE OPENED AT THE TOP | Burlington Venetian Blind | makes your porches perfectly secluded, gratefully | | shady and delightfully cool—home summer resorts to entertain friends in the open air, yet screened from public gaze, to take your ease, have luncheon or tea, do sewing—or play-places for the children, Make Your Rooms Cool and Beautiful by the free ventilation and artistic half-light of | s Burlingten Venetian Blinds. Very easy to attach. MadetoOrderOnly. VenetianandSliding,anysize, wood and finish, at most advantageous prices. Win- dow Screens and Screen Doors of ¢mproved design and superior material, Send for Free Catalog. BurlingtonVenetian Blind Co. 325 Lake St, Burlington, Vt. Ae swarm Use Paint made with Oxide of Zinc LOOK NOW Which, think you, will produce the better paint? When you buy modern paints you buy OXIDE OF ZINC paints. Modern OXIDE OF ZINC paints are the last word of progress in paint Do your paints contain Oxide of Zinc? And on this A modern paint mill and mixer making paint by accurate formula. The New Jersey Zinc Co. National City Bank Building 55 Wall Street, New York A list of manutacturers of Oxide of Zinc paints mailed on request. iWhether going Abroad, or} jto the Mountains, Seashore or Country, one additional | pleasure will be a Box of Pure and™ Unequalled CANDIES. For Sale at our 55 Retail Stores and by Sales Agents throughout the Country. After the Garden’s Started Success is mostly a matter of cultivation. One kind of cultivation will compen- sate for drouth, Another kind of cultivation will hold the weeds in check between IRON AGE - showers. Implements permit many different combinations for different purposes and different crops. Built light enough for the woman who gar- dens for pleasure—strong enough for the man whogardensfor profit. Our New Iron Age Book describes all, It's free. Write for it. BATEMAN MFG. C0. Grenloch, N. J. No. 1. Tron Age Double and Single Wheel Hoe, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Juny, 1909 Garden Notes and News ALF a mile of roses! There is such a sight at the Payne Whitney estate, Manhasset, L. I. It is composed mostly of single wild roses, like the Carolina and prairie rose, and is, therefore, attrac- tive in winter, as well as summer, by reason of the red stems and “hips.” What is duller than an alleged “grove” of trees with nothing but grass underneath? Answer: The same thing forty years later, when the trees all take on “‘stag-horn” shape and have no branches below. Both kinds can be seen side by side near Westbury, L. I., on an estate where the mania for neatness prevails and there is no conception of “Tandscape forestry.” People have begun to buy holly since TaE GARDEN Macazinr has declared that it is the most desirable of all broad-leaved evergreens. Letters come to us asking if collectors and nurserymen have done well to strip off all the leaves at planting time. Yes. And it will pay you to wrap the stems with straw to retard evaporation until new feeding roots are formed. Every collector of alpine plants should be eager to get a copy of Rydberg’s “Flora of Colorado.” There are no descriptions but every species is dis- tinguished by means of keys and some day the flowers of the Rocky Mountains are going to be a fad in the East. The “Flora” is published as a bulletin of the Colorado Experiment Station and contains 446 pages of pretty stiff botany — too stiff for amateur gardeners without special skill. Is there any hardy white flower to compare with The Pearl achillea for cutting? It produces an enormous number of “‘buttons” and will bloom from June through August. It is too sprawly for garden effect, but plant it in the vegetable garden in straight beds four feet wide and the plants will then hold one another up without the bother or expense of staking or pegging down. This idea is practised at the Breese estate, Southampton, L. I. Everyone ought to “interlace” shrubbery instead of planting each kind in a solid block, which pro- duces an absurd effect, like carpet bedding. To interlace groups, let a few individuals stray out from the “home colony” into neighboring groups. This is now a recognized principle of landscape garden- ing and if you have employed some one who has done otherwise, you may be sure that he is not a finished artist at planting. Potting Soils for Amateurs OOD soil is an absolute necessity to success with plants, and there is only one way to get it —by mixing. A workable potting soil can be made from loam, sand, and manure, but it will be much better if it has an addition of leafmold, peat, or well weathered muck. PASTURE LOAM FOR COMPOST Where it is impracticable to make a compost heap, any good garden loam can be used, and it is not necessary to prepare it any length of time beforehand, The best loam to use in a potting soil is well decayed sod taken from a pasture. The best time to secure it is in the fall after the grass has been killed by hard frosts; it can, however, be secured in the spring before the grass starts to grow. cand ae a ot Se ae —_— Juny, 19/019 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE The Readers? Service will gladly jurnish injormation about foreign travel 363 Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Information about the selection or care of dogs poultry and live stock will be gladly given. Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GArDEN MAGAZINE, 133 East 16th Street, New York. A Living From Poultry on a City Lot $1,500 in Ten Months from Sixty Hens on a Corner of a City Lot O the average poultryman that would seem impossible and when we tell you we have actually done a $1,500 poultry business with sixty hens on a corner ina city garden, 40 feet wide by 40 feet long, we are simply stating facts. Ir Wourp Nor Seem Poss1sLE to Get SucH Returns by any one of the systems of poultry keeping recommended and practised by the American people, stillit isan easy matter when thenew PHILO SYSTEM isadopted, The Philo System is Unlike All Other Ways of eeping Poultry and in many respects just the reverse, accomplishing things in poultry work that have always been considered impossible, and get- ting unheard-of results that are hard to believe without seeing. The New System Covers All Branches of the Work Necessary for Success from selecting the breeders to marketing the product. It tells how to get eggs that will hatch, how to hatch nearly every egg and how to raise nearly all the chicks hatched. It gives complete plans in detail how to make everything necessary to run the business and at less than half the cost required to handle the poultry business in any other manner, Two-Pound Broilers in Eight Weeks are raised ina space of less than a square foot to the broiler without any loss, and the broilers are of the very best quality, bringing here three cents per pound above the highest market price. Our Six-Months-Old Pullets Are Laying at the Rate of 24 Eggs Each Per Month in a space of two square feet for each bird. No green cut bone of any description is fed, and the food used is inexpensive as compared with food others are using. Our new book, the PHtto System oF Pouttry KEEFPING, gives full particulars regarding these wonderful discoveries, with simple, easy-to-understand directions that are right to the point, and 15 pages of illustrations showing all branches of the work from start to finish. Don’t Let the Chicks Die in the Shell One of our secrets of success is to save all the chickens that are fully developed at hatching time, whether they can crack the shell or not. Itisa simple trick and believed to be the secret of the ancient Egyptians and Chinese which enables them to sell the chicks at zo cents a dozen. y Chicken Feed at 15 Cents a Bushel Our book tells how to make the best green food with but little trouble and have a good supply, any day in the year, winter or sum- mer. It is justas impossible to get a large egg yield without green food as itis to keep a cow without hay or fodder. Our New Brooder Saves 2 Cents on Each Chicken No lamp required. No danger of chilling, over-heating or burn- ing up the chickens as with brooders using lamps or any kind of fire. ‘They also keep all the lice off the chickens automatically or kill any that may be on them when placed in the brooder. Our book gives full plans and the right to make and use them. One can easily be made in an hour at a cost of 25 TO 50 CENTS. Send S1.00 and a copy of the latest revised edition of the Philo System will be sent by retum mail. The latest edition has many pages of additional reading matter, and by ordering direct you are sure to get the latest and most approved book. A TESTIMONIAL VALLEY FALLS, N. Y., October 22, 1908. DEAR SIR: A year’s observation and some experience of my own, confirm me in what I wrote September 5, 1907. The system has been tried so long and by so many, that there can be no doubt as to its worth and adaptability. It is especially valuable to parties having but a small place for chickens. Seven feet square is plenty for a flock of seven. (REV.) W. W. COX. E. R. PHILO, Publisher 601 Third Street, Elmira, N. Y. SPECIAL OFFER TO QUICK BUYERS Talking § Parrots WE will sell 2000 of our regular $10 Parrots for $5 and guarantee every bird to talk. We sell you the Parrot on trial 90 days. Yourun norisk. If it doesn’t talk you are to return the bird and ¥ get your money back. Written guarantee with every parrot Shipped anywhere in the U. S. , Canada or Mexico on receipt of $5. Shipping case and food for journey included. Wie Only 2000 at $5; order at once. Parrot Cage Special: a $2.50 Steel Cage $1.50 when ordered with parrot. CUGLEY & MULLEN, 1261 Market Street, PHILADELPHIA THE LARGEST PET SHOP IN THE WORLD You Can’t Cut Out A BOG SPAVIN, PUFF or THOROUGHPIN. but will clean them off permanently, and you work the horse same time. Does not blister or remove the hair. Cures Lameness, Swellings, Boils, Bruises, Strains, En- larged Glands or Veins, Painful Affections. A safe remedy to use anywhere. Will tell you more if you write. $2.00 per bottle, delivered. Book 4-D free. Genuine mfd. only by YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. Large Berkshire Swine Both imported and American breed- |. ~ ing along the most approved lines. —& Bred sows, service boars and young - stock of all ages. We have never BI bred a cross animal nor hada sow jm molest her pigs. All animals regis- [J tered free of charge. Your money back if you want it, Write for booklet H.C. & H. B. HARPENDING DUNDEE, N. \. A FINE LOT OF For Sale Registered Berkshires Young pigs, and young sows due in May Apply to G. €. WARE, care Mrs. C. C. Goodhue Arrowpoint Farm New Preston, Conn. CHICKEN DISEASES Roupy chickens mean zo chickens unless you start right in to save them. We've a line of reliable remedies for Ruup, Gapes, Lice, Mites, etc., that are always dependable. Standard Remedies and Disinfectants. Chick Manna, **Vigor’’ Foods, etc., are described in my free Illustrated Poultr, pply Book. It tells also about Portable Colony Houses, Roofing Mater- ials—eyerything in short that tends to successful poultry raising. There’s a three-page list of Bee Supplies also. STOKES’ SEED STORE, Dept. W, 219 Market St., Philadelphia ‘‘How to Make Money with EGGS Poultry,’’ Ten Cents. FARMER SMITH, 7 Union St., Cedar Grove, N. J. If you want to get more eggs than your neighbors read B playm gp champions. SHETLAND PONTIES An unceasing source of pleasure and robust health to children. ates. Safe for riding and driving. Inexpensive to keep. Highest type. Many , Stallions and mares for breeding. }us for our beautifully illustrated free catalogue which tells all about them. BELLE MEADE FARM Make ideal Write Complete outfits. Dept. 32. BEDFORD, MASS. ————— —S—_— SS Jersey Reds are Lively Growers and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. Jersey Reds are the most satisfactory, all-round breed. Those who have tried them say so. Fatten easily and quickly, are sinall-boned, long-hodied, vigorous and prolific, quality of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed, Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box IT, Moorestown, N. Jd. — Make Your Own Fertilizer AT SMALL COST WITH » WILSON’S PHOSPHATE MILLS From x to 40 H. P. Also Bone Cutters, hand and power for the poultrymen; grit and shell mills, farm feed mills, family grist mills, scrap cake mills. Send for our Catalog. WILSON BROS., Sole Mfrs., Easton, Pa. If you like The Garden Mag- azine you must know many others who would be interested and benefited by reading it. Will you help us reach them P If so, write upon a sheet of paper the names and addresses of all these people you can think of, and say “‘yes”’ or “‘no”’ to the query: “May we say that you read this magazine?” On receipt of this list, we would be glad to send to you, with our compliments, an artis- tic proof of a beautiful garden picture, suitable for framing, and our best thanks besides. We greatly desire a high quality of names rather than a large quantity. Please fall out this coupon, and send with list: Ry | we ( Doubleday, Page & Company, 133 East 16th Street, New York. I am sending herewith a list of friends who, I think, would be glad to know about The Garden Magazine. You may 5 = (Erase one of these lines as you decide) may not use my name. Send proof of garden picture to A 5G 3 ce 364 The Readers’ Service will give injormation about motor boats THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Jury, 1909 re ae NO MATTER HOW LARGE \ YOUR CLOTHES YARD IS —you need a Hill Dryer for convenience. The saving in space, effected by the Hill Dryer is important —but its convenience is vastly more so. Women’s drudgery is hard enough at best. And when it can be made infinitely easier for only a few dollars expended who will reject such a permanent investment? Better be without set tubs than withoutthe greater conve- nience of a Hill Clothes Dryer for Lawn, Balcony or Roof _ A rotary clothes line holding 100 to 150 feet of line—when not in use folds up like an umbrella, leaving only a covered socket below level of the grass, Saves rewashing clothes that have trailed on the ground. Saves unsightly clothes posts and ruined lawns, Hill Balcony or Roof Dryer is one of the conveniences you should insist on your apartment having. You Should Get Our Folder 39 We want to send you Free our handsome Folder printed in colors showing the Hill Dryers in use. Gives full information. Sentfree for postal request. Get zt today. HILL DRYER CO., 359 Park Avenue, Worcester, Mass. Genuine Panama Hats $ 1 00 JUST THE THING FOR GARDEN USE Panama Hats more popular than ever. All the rage this summer. By importing large quantities we can sell direct to user for this surprisingly low price. These hats are warranted genuine all hand woven; unblocked, and can be worn in that condition by Ladies, Gentlemen and Chil- dren. Easily blocked in any shape or style. Just as serviceable as the $10.00 kind; the difference only in fineness of weave. , Assorted sizes. Weight only 2 ozs. Sent postpaid on receipt of $1.00. A rare bargain. Order to-day. Satisfaction Guar- anteed. Supply Limited. PANAMA HAT CO., 181-G, William St., New York City COMPETENT GARDENERS The comforts and products of a country home are increased by employing a competent gardener; if you want to engage one writeto us. Please give particulars regarding place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City. Sheep Manure Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants, 4 00 LARGE BARREL. Cash with Order. ° Delivered to your Freight Station. aioe Apply now. MANURE y The Pulverlzed Manure Co.,19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. STRAWBERRY PLANTS Send for Price List J. M. THORBURN & CO., 33 Barclay Street New York ONLY HP Stationary*9950 Engine | 2% to 8 H. P. Proportionate Prices. For use on the farm and in the shop. Runs cream separators, churns, pumps, grist mills, corn shellers, washing machines, lathes, printing presses, eto. Burns kerosene, (coal oil) alcohol, gasoline, naphtha, distillate, without change of equipment, starts without cranking, throttling governor, drop {f forged crank shaft, beat grade babbitt bearings, free catalog tells how to save half cost of hired help. Testimonials. 10,000 inuse Allsizesin stook ready to ship. DETROIT ENGINE WORKS 229 Bellevue Place, Detroit, Michigan Cut the sod three or four inches thick, and place it in a pile the grass side down. For convenience make the pile about four feet wide and high, and as. long as necessary, and have the top hollowed out a little so that it will catch the rains and so keep the pile moist. Many people when making up the sod pile compost manure with it. If you prefer to do it this way add one part fresh cow manure to each three parts of sod, if done in the fall. ADDING MANURE When the compost is made in the spring the manure must be well rotted, and horse manure is preferable to cow manure. The compost pile must be thoroughly mixed two or three times by chopping it down with a spade and throwing up into a new pile. A spring made compost heap will be ready to use in the fall, but the soil is apt to be rather coarse. The fall-made compost is sure to give much better satisfaction. In my practice I have always found well-decayed horse manure better than cow manure; the latter can be used, however, but it tends to make the soil cold and clammy. Well decayed horse manure may usually be purchased in the suburbs and smaller towns from the livery and other stables. If you cannot purchase rotted horse manure, and if you have a convenient place in any out-of-the- way corner in the backyard where fresh droppings can be stored, well and good. They will require several months to rot properly. Protect from the rain and turn over frequently to prevent burning. If the manure gets too dry sprinkle it with water when turning. Sheep, hen, pigeon, and other manures may be used in mixing potting soils, but very sparingly, for they are so strong that if a large amount is used the roots of the plants will be burned. LEAFMOLD, PEAT, AND MUCK Adding to the potting soil either leafmold, peat or muck makes it much more friable, increases its water-holding capacity, eases the circulation of air through it, and induces a better growth of roots. In no case is there actual fertilizing value. In raising from seed such plants as cyclamens, ciner- arias, Chinese primroses, and begonias, leafmold is a necessity. Where manure is not attainable one of these three forms of vegetable mold must be used to supply the necessary humus, the plant food can thus be added in the form of a complete fertilizer which can be bought from any seedsman. Peat is very scarce in this country andso is quite expensive, but it can be bought from nearly all the dealers in seeds or bulbs. Leafmold and muck are much easier to obtain and usually cost nothing outside of the labor necessary to collect them. When the foliage is falling, late in September or in October, is the best time to lay in a stock of next year’s leafmold. If there is no hardwood timber land nearby, where you can get clean leaves, then rake up the leaves which have fallen in the street. Maple leaves are best, but those of the elm and the oak will do. Sometimes an arrangement can be made with the city employees to dump in the backyard all the leaves they gather in cleaning the streets. In this way and at no cost an abundant supply of leafmold can be had in suburban districts. HANDLING LEAVES In the winter, the leaves can be used for banking coldframes and pits, to keep out the frost or for mulching the bulb beds. In the spring, when the pits are empty, throw all the leaves into a pit, wet them thoroughly, and allow them to rot. By fall they are in good condition to use. If this way of rotting them is followed, you will probably need to wet them several times during the summer. Another good way to handle the leaves is to dig as large a hole in the ground as you can fill with leaves. Pack in the leaves as tightly as possible, wetting them as they are being thrown in. A good time to do this is on a rainy day for then it saves the necessity of hauling water. If you have a hose you can do the work at any time. If neither of these ways can be followed, the leaves can be put in a heap on the ground, thor- oughly moistened, and tramped down. When treated thus, it will be necessary to water them JHE wise gardener plans the Bulb gar- den long | before he _ | needs the | Bulbs. VICK’S BULB CATALOG ready next month, gives valuable planning and planting hints for small and large gardens, and is a reliable guide for everyone. May we send you acopy? It’s free. a Vick’s Hyacinths, Tulips, Nar= cissi, Crocus, Plants and Shrubs for Autumn are worthy representatives of Vick quality. [ JAMES VICK’S SONS 362 Main St. Rochester, N. Y. Water Your Flowers Once in 2 Weeks That’s all that is necessary if you use the time-saving, labor-saving, all metal, rust-proof and leak-proof illinois Self-Watering Flower Box You will have better, hardier, longer lived plants. Our box is for indoor or outdoor use. It is inexpensive and sold on 30 days’ FREE Trial. Descriptive booklet PREZ. ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING CO. 33 Dearborn Street Chicago, Ill. LOOK OUT | FOR SPARKS No more danger or damage from flying sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire- place screens. Send for free booklet “Sparks from the Fire-Side.”” It tells about the best kind of a spark guard for your in- dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free booklet. The Syracuse Wire Works Z 103 University Avenue, - Syracuse, N. Y. Planet Jr Garden Tools Give bigger results with half the work. trated 1909 catalogue free. S. L. Allen & Co., Box 1108 S, Philadelphia, Pa. Chickering Pianos RIM IO) SIDI (GU IG A IE O). SW 1B Chickering & Sons, 827 Tremont St., Fenway Station, Boston, Mass. EUREKA HARNESS OIL Unequalled as a leather preservative. Prevents cracking and rotting. Givesa fine finish, Sold everywhere. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Incorporated) $10 Victor .* Illus- HIS MASTERS VOICE suet, “HIGH BOY” RED CEDAR 5 brings Cedar wood to its highest and gees most perfect usefulness. Mice and insects shun red cedar, and it is proof against dust and dampness, making it the ideal material for all clothing re- ceptacles. This High Boyis solidly built and heayily bound with bradded copper bands, containing four spacious draw- ers. Sold at low factory prices, and shipped with the privilege of exainina- tion, WITHOUT COST TO YOU. _Wealso manufacture Red Cedar Chests in numerous styles and sizes; Treasure Chests, Bed Room Chests, Under-the- Bed Chests, Skirt Chests, and Shirt- waist Chests, all beautifully finished in dull natural shellac, rubbed, waxed and polished; also Gum and Cypress Chests covered with the finest quality of Japanese matting, trimmed with rattan. Write at once for our complete Free Catalog. Piedmont Red Cedar Chest Co.,0ept. 21 Statesville, N. c. $100 i Jury, 1909 To Buy a Country Home HERE to find one that will meet all your requirements is quite a problem. Country Life in America’s Real Estate Directory contains the advertisements of many desirable places. If what you want is not there, the Readers’ Service, which is in touch with reliable agents and owners everywhere, will endeavor without charge to find your ideal. Write stating all par- ticulars to the Manager Real Estate _ Department, 133 East 16th Street, New York City. eee |THE GARDEN] BOUND VOLUME IX. e The Garden Magazine (January, 1909 to July, 1909) Now on Sale. Price $1.35 The volumes of the Garden Magazine, completely indexed for handy reference make an inexhaustible and beautiful library set. We can furnish Volumes I to VII at $2.00 each or bind your own copies at 75c per volume. Back numbers for broken files supplied at 15c except April and October which are Special numbers sell- ing for 25c. Mark your name and address plainly on package in returning copies. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 E. 16th St., New York Removable Steel Clothes Posts Are superior to the old style of wooden post for the following reasons: Last 20 years longer No holes to dig Do not obstruct the lawn Ornamental and Indestructible And much cheaper. Many thousands are now in use through- out this country and Canada. Ask for Catalogue A”’ We also manufacture steel fence posts, etc., for the garden. Milwaukee Steel Post Co. Milwaukee, WV is. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Puck of Pook’s Hill A panorama of knights and rob- bers and pirates in some of the most exciting events in old English history. Illustrated in color. $1.50 They ‘